The rudiments of grammar.: The rules composed in English verse, for the greater benefit and delight of young beginners. / By James Shirley.

Rudiments.

Grammar is the Art of speaking rightly.

• The Parts are,
  • Etymologie, and
  • ...Syntax.

ETymologie is that part of Grammar which teach∣eth the Proprieties of several words, especially in the difference of Terminations; and considereth all parts of speech.

Eight Parts of Speech.

EIght only Parts the wise Grammarians teach, Because in them we comprehend all Speech.

• Noun, decli∣ned,
• Pronoun, decli∣ned,
• Verb, decli∣ned,
• Participle, decli∣ned,
• Adverb, undecli∣ned.
• Conjunction, undecli∣ned.
• Preposition, undecli∣ned.
• Interjection, undecli∣ned.

To all these Parts belong Species which is Form, and Figura Figure. Form is when a word is either Original, and called Primitive, as Scio to know; or come from another, and called Derivative, as Scientia knowledge, deriv'd from Scio. Figure is when a word is either sim∣ple, as just us just; or compounded, as injust us unjust, compounded of in and just us.

Two kinds of Nouns, Substantive, and Adjective.

NOuns Substantives the names of things declare, But Adjectives what kind of things they are. The Substantives are known by [a] or [the] The Adjectives alone imperfect be.

A Noun Substantive is the name of a thing that may be seen, felt, heard, or understood; it signifies without time, and is known by the signes, a, an, or the before it.

Domus a House, Pomum an Apple, Judex the Judge.

To every Adjective you may joyn man or thing, and it maketh no distinct sense without a Substantive.

Antiqua Domus, an ancient House,

Dulce Pomum, a sweet Apple.

Nouns Proper are all proper Names, which are referred to one, as Thamesis the Thames. Common are appli∣ed to all of the same kind, as Fluvius a River.

Numbers Two.

ONe is the Number Singular, but all Above, we must the Plural Number call.

• Homo a man.
• Homines Men.

Some nouns in the singular signifie many, as Po∣pulus a people, Grex a flock: These are called Collectives, yet these are the singular Number, as being consider'd, one people, one flock.

Cases Six.

THe Nom'native before the Verb doth go, [Of] shews the Genitive, the Dative [to] The Accusative after the Verb is plac'd, The Fift calls, Prepositions rule the Last.

The Nominative, the Genitive, the Dative, the Ac∣cusative, the Vocative, the Ablative.

The Nominative and Vocative are alike in both Numbers, so the Dative and Ablative plural in every Declension.

Genders three.

MAle Female, Neuter, perfect Genders be, All others are compounded of these three,

A Noun of the Male or Masculine Gender, as Hic Vir this man.

A Noun of the Female or Feminine Gender, as Haes Mulier this Woman.

A Noun of the Neuter Gender, as Hoc Saxum this Stone.

Nouns that belong to both Sexes, are of the Mas∣culine and Feminine, as Parens a Father or Mo∣ther.

The Masculine Gender is more worthy then the Fe∣minine, and the Feminine more worthy then the Neuter.

ALL Nouns the Male or Female Gender have, As nature first to Things the Sexes gave.

• Frater a Brother.
• Equus a Horse.
• Soror a Sister.
• Equa a Mare.

Gender is the difference of Sex by Nature, as they are Male or Female; But by Institution and Art, words may

be of the Male or Female gender, and yet have no relation to Sex: as Lapis a stone, m. Musa a Song, Fem.

ALL Nouns in [um] declin'd with Neuter be, Ʋnless they signifie a He, or She.

• Londinum, The City London.
• Cuprum Copper

ANd upon Nouns we do the Neuter place That are declin'd * 1.1 alike in every Case.

• Nihil Nothing.
• Genio a Knee.

THe Proper Names of Rivers, every Wind, And Months, are with the Masculine declin'd.

• Thamesis the Thames.
• Januarius the Moneth January.
• Eurus the East-wind.

TRees, Countries, Cities, Islands, as they were Of Woman-race, the Female Gender bear.

• Cerasus a Cherry tree.
• Mona the Isle of Man.
• Anglia England.
• Oxonia Oxford.

VVOrds of one Syllable we entertain Except some few, under the Female train.

Declensions five.

HIs true Declension every Noun will give From Termination of his Genitive.

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
In ae.	in i.	in is.	in us.	in ei.
As Musa.	Viri.	Crinis.	Manus.	Rei.

Nouns of the first Declension.

ALL of the first Declension that do spring From Latine race, the Female Gender bring.

• Gemma a Jewel.
• Pecunia Money.

Terminations of the first Declension.

Sing. Numb.
Nominativo	a
Genitivo	ae
Dativo	ae
Accusativo	am
Vocativo	a
Ablativo	â

Plural Number.
Nominativo	ae
Genitivo	arum
Dativo	is
Accusativo	as
Vocativo	ae
Ablativo	is

Example.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Gemma	N. Gemmae
G. Gemmae	G. Gemmarum
D. Gemmae	D. Gemmis
A. Gemmam	A. Gemmas
V. Gemma	V. Gemmae.
A. Gemmâ.	A. Gemmis.

Filia, and Nata a daughter, make the Dative and Ablative Plural in is or in abus. Dea a Goddess, Mula a Mule. Equa a Mare. Liberta a Freed woman, in abus only.

Examples of Nouns in As, Es, and E, Which come from the Greek.

Sing.	Sing.
N. Thomas	N. Anchises Proper names want the Plural Number.
G. Thomae	G. Anchisae Proper names want the Plural Number.
D. Thomae	D. Anchisae Proper names want the Plural Number.
A. Thomam	A. Anchisem Proper names want the Plural Number.
V. Thoma	V. Anchisa Proper names want the Plural Number.
A. Thoma.	A. Anchisa. Proper names want the Plural Number.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Epitome	N. Epitomae
G. Epitomae, es	G. Epitomarum
D. Epitomae	D. Epitomis
A. Epitomam, en	A. Epitomas
V. Epitome	V. Epitomae
A. Epitoma.	A. Epitomis.

Terminations of the second Declension.

Sing.	Plur.
Nom.	us, er, um	N.	i a
G.	i	G.	orum
D.	o	D.	is
A.	um	A.	os a
V.	e, er, um	V.	i a
A.	o	A.	is.

ALL Nouns that by the Second we decline In r and us, are counted Masculine.

N. Dominus	N. Domini
G. Domini	G. Dominorum
D. Domino	D. Dominis
A. Dominum	A. Dominos
V. Domine	V. Domini
A. Domino	A. Dominis.

THe Nominatives in us do end in e, All other with their Vocatives agree.

• N. Dominus,
• V. Domine.

ALL Proper Names in ius end in i So Filius in the Vocative Fili.

Sing.	Sing.
N. Cornelius	N. Filius
G. Cornelii	G. Filii
D. Cornelio	D. Filio
A. Cornelium	A. Filium
V. Corneli	V. Fili
A. Cornelio.	A. Filio.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Deus	N. Dii
G. Dei	G. Deorum
D. Deo	D. Diis
A. Deum	A. Deos
V. Deus	V. Dii
A. Deo.	A. Diis.

N. Puer	N. Pueri
G. Pueri	G. Pucrorum
D. Puero	D. Pueris
A. Puerum	A. Pueros
V. Puer	V. Puer
A. Puero.	A. Pueris.

ALL Nouns which do the Neuter Gender claim, In the first, fourth, and fifth Case are the same If you decline them in the Plural, they Without exception do all end in [a]

Sing.	Plur.
N. Specul um	N. Specul. a
G. Speculi	G. Speculorum
D. Speculo	D. Speculis
A. Specul um	A. Specul a
V. Specul um	V. Specul a
A. Speculo.	A. Speculis.

Singulariter.

• N. Orpheus
• G. Orphei vel Orpheos
• D. Orpheo vel Orphei
• A. Orpheum vel Orphea
• V. Orpheu
• A. Orpheo.

Speculum, A Looking glass. n. g.

Terminations of the third Declension.

Sing.	Plur.
N.		N.	es
G.	is	G.	um ium
D.	i	D.	ibus
A.	em	A.	es
V.		V
A.	e i	A.	ibus

NOuns of the third we Feminines do call, VVhose Genitive hath no increase at all.

N. Nubes	N. Nubes
G. Nubis	G. Nubium
D. Nubi	D. Nubibus
A. Nubem	A. Nubes
V. Nubes	V. Nubes
A. Nube.	A. Nubibus.

THe Feminine to every Noun we give VVhen they increase long in the Genitive.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Virtus	N. Virtutes
G. Virtutis	G. Virtutum
D. Virtuti	D. Virtutibus
A. Virtutem	A. Virtutes
V. Virtus	V. Virtutes
A. Virtute.	A. Virtutibus

Aetas. Age. Racio, Reason. Fornax, A Furnace.

BƲt if they short increase, we must decline Nouns of the third Declension, Masculine.

N. Pecten	N. Pectines
G. Pectinis	G. Pectinum
D. Pectini	D. Pectinibus
A. Pectinem	A. Pectines
V. Pecten	V. Pectines
A. Pectine.	A. Pectinibus.

Lapis. A Stone. Silex, A Flints Furfur, Bran.

Terminations of the fourth Declension.

N. us	N. ûs
G. ûs	G. num
D. ui	D. ibus ubus
A. um	A. ûs
V. us	V. ûs
A. u	A. ibus ubus.

NOuns of the fourth all Masculine we find, Except in [u] some Neuters undeclin'd.

N. Gradus	N. Gradus
G. Gradûs	G. Graduum
D. Gradui	D. Gradibus
A. Gradum	A. Gradûs
V. Gradus	V. Gradûs
A. Gradu.	A. Gradibus.

Motus, Motion.

N. Arcus	N. Arcûs
G. Arcûs	G. Arcuum
D. Arcui	D. Arcubus
A. Arcum	A. Arcûs
V. Arcus	V. Arcûs
A. Arcu.	A. Arcubus.

Laeus, A Lakes Specus, A Den. Tribus. A Tribe. Partus, A Birth. Portus, A Haven. Artus, A Joint. Acus, A Needle. Quercus, An Oak. Ficus, A Fig. Vetu. A Spit.

Sing.	Plur,
Nom. Genu	N. Genua
Gen. Genu	G. Genuum
Dat. Genu	D. Genibus
Acc. Genu	A. Genua
Voc. Genu	V. Genua
Abl. Genu	A. Genibus,

Terminations of the fift Declension.

N.	es	N.	es
G.	ei	G.	êrum
D.	ei	D.	êbus
A.	em	A.	es
V.	es	V.	es
A.	o	A.	êbus

ALL of the Fift do end in es, and render Themselves conformed to the Female Gender.

N. Res	N Res
G. Rei	G. Rerum
D. Rei	D. Rebus
A. Rem	A. Res
V. Res	V. Res
A. Re	A. Rebus

Fides, Faith.

Spes, Hope.

N. Dies	N. Dies
G. Diêi	G. Dierum
D. Diêi	D. Diebus
A. Diem	A. Dies
V. Dies	V. Dies
A. Die	A. Diebus.

Species, A Kind.

Facies, A Face.

Nouns of the third and fift Declension have the No∣minative, the Accusative, and the Vocative alike in the plural.

The Termination of Cases in every Declension.

Sing.

	1	2	3	4	5
N.
G.	ae	i	is	us	ei
D.	ae	o	i	ui	ei
A.	am	um	em im	um	em
V.
A.	a	o	e	u	e

Plur.

N.	ae	i	es	us	es
G.	arum	orum	ium	uum	erum
D.	is	is	ibus	ibus	ebus
A.	as	os	es	us	es
V.	ae	i	es	us	es
A.	is	is	ibus	ibus	ebus

Example.

Sing.

	1	2	3	4	5
N	Musa	Vir	Crinis	manus	Res
G	Musae	Viri	Crinis	Manus	Rei
D	Musae	Viro	Crini	Manui	Rei
A	Musam	Virum	Crinem	Manum	Rem
V	Musa	Vir	Crinis	Manus	Res
A	Musa	Viro	Crine	Manu	Re.

Plur.

N	Musae	Viri	Crines	Manus	Res
G	Musarum	Virorum	Crinium	Manuum	Rerum
L	Musis	Viris	Crinibus	Manibus	Rebus
A	Musas	Viros	Crines	Manus	Res
V	Musae	Viri	Crines	Manus	Res
A	Musis	Viris	Crinibus	Manibus	Rebus

Felix, [happy] is a Noun Adjective of one Ter∣mination, and third Declension.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Felix	N. Felices, Felicia
G. Felicis	G. Felicium
D. Felici	D. Felicibus
A. Felicem, Felix	A. Felices, Felicia
V. Felix	V. Felices, Felicia
A. Felice vel Felici	A. Felicibus.

Tristis, [sad] is a Noun Adjective of two Ter∣minations, and third Declension.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Tristis, triste	N. Tristis, tristia
G. Tristis	G. Tristium
D. Tristi	D. Tristibus
A. Tristem, triste	A. Tristes, tristia
V. Tristis, triste	V. Tristes, tristia
A. Tristi	A. Tristibus.

Suavis, pleasant.

Humilis, humble.

When the Adjective hath two endings in one case, the first is Masculine and Feminine, as Tristis, and the se∣cond Neuter, as Triste.

Bonus [good] is a Noun Adjective of three Ter∣minations, of the second and first Declension.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Bonus, bona, bonum	N. boni, bonae, bona
G boni, bonae, boni	G. bonorum, bonarum, bono∣rum
D. bono, bonae, boro	D. bonis
A. bonum, bonam, bonum	A. bonos, bonas, bona
V. bone, bona, bonum	V. boni, bonae, bona
A. bono, bona, bono.	A. bonis.

When the Adjective hath three divers endings, the first is Masculine, as Bonus, the second Feminine, as Bona, the third Neuter, as Bonum.

Unus, One.

• Singulariter.
  • N. Unus, una, unum,
  • G. unius
  • D. uni
  • A. unum, unam, uaum
  • V. une, una, unum
  • A. uno. unâ, uno.

Alter, another, or either.

• Singulariter.
  • N. Alter, altera, alterum
  • G. Alterius
  • D. Alteri
  • A. alterum, alterā, alterū,
  • V. caret
  • A. altero, alterâ, altero.

So totus whole, solus alone, ulius any, uter whether, neuter, neither. Unus wanteth the Pimal, unless it be joyned with a word that wanteth the Singular.

Alius, another

Singulariter.	Pluraliter,
N Alius, alia, aliud	N. Alii, aliae, alia
G. alîus	G. aliorum, aliarii, aliorū
D. alit	D. aliis
A. alium, aliam, aliud	A. alios, alias, alia
V. 〈◊〉〈◊〉	V. caret
A. alto, aliâ, alio	A. aliis.

Duo two.

• Pluraliter,
  • N. Duo, duae, duo
  • G. duorum, duarum, duorum
  • D. duobus, duabus, duobus
  • A. duos duas, duo
  • V. duo, dua, duo
  • A. duobus, duabus, duobus.

Ambo both.

• Pluraliter.
  • N. Ambo, ambae, ambo
  • G. amborum, ambarum, amborū
  • D. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus,
  • A. ambos, ambas, ambo
  • V. ambo, ambae, ambo
  • A. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.

Duo and ambo are somtimes used for duos and ambos.

Tres three.

• Pluraliter,
  • N. Tres, tria
  • G. trium
  • D. tribus
  • A. tres, tria
  • V. tres, tria
  • A. tribus.

Quatuor four.

• Pluraliter.
  • N. Quatuor.
  • G. Quatuor.
  • D. Quatuor.
  • A. Quatuor.
  • V. Quatuor.
  • A. Quatuor.

Acer [sharp] is a Noun adjective of three Ter∣minations, of the third Declension.

Sing.	Plur.
N. Acer, acris, acre	N. Acres, acria
G. acris	G. acrium
D. acri	D. acribus
A. acrem, acre	A. acres, acria
V. acer, acris, acre	V. acres, acria
A. acri.	A. acribus.

So Celer, Silvester, Pedester, Campester, Paluster, Volucer, Celeber, Saluber, Alacer.

Three Degrees of Comparison.

THe Positive declares without excess, With the sign [more] Comparatives increase, By [most] the bold Superlatives are known, Beyond which, there is no comparison.

• Pos. Durus, Hard.
• Com. Durior, more Hard.
• Sup. Durissimus, most Hard.

An Adjective of the Comparative Degree hath two Terminations, or, and us.

N. Tristior, tristius	N. Tristiores, tristiorae
G. tristioris	G. tristiorum
D. tristiori	D. tristioribus
A. tristiorem, tristius	A. tristiores, tristiora
V. tristior, tristius	V. tristiores, tristiora
A. tristiore vel tristiori	A. tristioribus.

The Positives and Superlatives are declin'd like Bonus. The Comparative and Superlative are formed of the first case of their Positive that endeth in i, by putting to it or and us; as from duri, the Genitive of durus, by ad∣ding or, and us; are made the Comparative durior, and durius; and by adding [si] and [simus] to duri, is made durissimus, the Superlative; and this is the regular for∣mation or Comparisons.

Irregular Comparisons.

ADjectives in [er] form their Superlative of the Nominative by putting to it rimus, as

Pulcher,	Pulchrior,	Pulcherrimus
Pulchra	Pulchrior,	Pulcherrima,
Pulchrum	Pulchrius	Pulcherrimum.

Adjectives that end with a vowel before us, have no formation or change at all, but make their Comparative by magis more, and maximè most, as

• Pius, Godly.
• Magis Pius, more Godly,
• Maximè Pius, most Godly.

ADjectives that are compounded of dico, facio, volo, loquor, change us in entior, and entissimus, as

• ...Maledicus,
• ...Maledicentior,
• ...Maledicentissimus.
• So Magnificus, Benevolus, Magniloquus, &c.

ADjectives compounded with per, are compared like the sim∣ple Nouns, but before the Comparative, are put the Ad∣verbs multò, or longè, and before the Superlative, the particle quam.

• Perdoctus very learned.
• Multò vel longê doctior, far more learned.
• quàm doctissimus, most.
• Perpius very godly.
• Multò vel longè magis pius.
• quàm maximè pius, or piissimus, &c.

Bonus good	Melior better	Optiusus best
Malus evil	Pejor worse	Pessimus worst
Magnus great	Major greater	Maximus greatest
Parvus little	Minor less	Minimus least
Nequam wicked	Nequior more	Nequissimus most
Dives rich	Ditior more	Ditissimus most
Exterus outward	Exterior more	Extremus furthest
Inferus below,	Inferior lower,	Infimus lowest
Superus above,	Superior more high	Supremus vel sum∣mus, highest
Posterus late,	Posterior later	Postremus last
Facilis easie	Facilior more	Facillimus most
Gracilis small,	Gracilior smaller	Gracillimus most
Humilis humble,	Humilior more	Humillimus most
Similis like	Similior more	Simillimus most
Agilis nimble	Agilior more	Agillimus most
Docilis teachable	Docilior more	Docillimus most
Multus much.	Plus more.	Plurimus most.

Comparisons Defective.

These Adjectives want the Positive.

• Prior the former
• Ocyor swift
• Deterior worse
• Penitior more inward
• Proprior neerer
• Ulterior more remote.

• Primus the first,
• Ocyssimus most swift
• Deterrimus worst
• Penitissimus most
• Proximus neerest, hence proxi∣mior
• Ultimus furthest, or the last.

These want the Comparative.

• Novus new
• Invitus unwilling
• Inclytus famous
• Diversus different
• Meritus deserving
• Sacer holy
• Falsus false
• Fidus faithful
• Nuperus late.

• Novissimus newest or last
• Invitissimus most
• Inclytissimus most
• Diverfissimus most
• Meritissimus most
• Sacerrimus most
• Falsissimus most
• Fidissimus most
• Nuperrimus most.

These want the Superlative.

Dexter, Lucky.	Dexterior. More.
Sinister, Unlucky.	Sinisterior, More.
Optimus, Fat.	Opimior, More.

Juvenis, Young.	Junior, The younger.
Senex, Old.	Senior, The elder.
Declivis, Downwards.	Declivior, More.
Acclivis Steep up.	Acclivior, more.
Lonquiquus, Far.	Longinquior, More distant.
Salutaris, Healthful.	Salutarior, More.
Supinus, Careless.	Supinior, More.

Adverbs.

Saepe, Often.	Diu, Long.
Saepius, More.	Diutius, Longer.
Saepissime, most.	Diutissime, Longest.

A Type of the degrees regular.

	Sing.	Plur.
N.	durus dura durum	durior durius	durissimus durîssima durissimum	duri durae dura	duriores duriora	durissimi durissimae dürissima
G.	duri durae duro	durioris	durissimi durissimae durissimi	duro••ū durarū durorū	duriorū	durissimorū durissimarū durissimorū
D.	duro durae duro.	duriori	durissimo durissimae durissimo	duris	durio∣ribus	durissimis
A.	durum durum durum	duriorē durius.	durissimū durissimā durissimū	duros duras dura	duriores duriora	durissimos durissimas durissima
V.	dure dura durum	durior durius	durissime durissima durissimum	dura durae dura	duriores duriora	durissimi duriissimae durissima
A.	duro dura duro	duriore ...vel duriori	durissimo durissima durissimo	duris	durio∣ribus	durissimis

Pronouns nineteen.

PRonouns are words, that do supply the place Of Nouns, and have their gender, number, case,

Ego, tu, sui, ille, ipse, is

Hic, iste, meus, tuus, suus, quis

Qui, noster, vester, nostras, vestras, some

To cujas adde cujus cuja cujum.

Some are called Demonstratives, as, ego, tu, sui, &c. Some Possessives, as, meus, tuus, suus, noster, vester. Qui is a Relative. Cujas, cujus, and quis are Interroga∣tives.

Ego tu sui are Pronouns Substantives.

Sing. I, me.

Plur. We us.

Nom. Ego.	N. Nos.
Gen. Mei.	G. Nostrum vel nostri.
Dat. Mihi.	D. Nobis.
Acc. Me.	A. Nos.
Voc. Caret.	V. Caret.
Ab. Me.	A. Nobis.

You, thou, the.

Yee.

Nom. Tu.	N. Nos.
Gen. Tui.	G. Vestrum vel vestri.
Dat. Tibi.	D. Vobis.
Acc. Te.	A. Vos.
Voc. Tu.	V. Vos.
Ab. Te.	A. Vobis.

• ...Singulariter & Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Caret.
  • Gen. Sui, of him or themselves.
  • Dat. Sibi.
  • Acc. Se.
  • Vo. Caret.
  • Ab. Se.

He, she, that, him, her.

They, them, those.

Sing.	Plur.
No. Ille, illa, illud.	N. Illi, illae, illa.
Gen. Illius.	G. Illorū, illarū, illorū
Dat. Illi.	D. Illis.
Ac. Illum, illam, illud.	A. Illos, illas, illa.
Voc. Caret.	V. Caret.
Ab. Illo, illa, illo.	A. Illis.

So iste, ista, istud.

Sing.	Plur.
Nom. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum.	Ipsi, ipsae, ipsa.
Gen. Ipsius.	Ipsorum, ipsarum, ipsorū
Dat. Ipsi.	Ipsis.
Acc. Ipsum, ipsam, ipsū.	Ipsos, ipsas, ipsa.
Voc. Caret.	Caret.
Ab. Ipso, ipsa, ipso.	Ipsis.

He, she, it, that, him.

They, their, those, them.

N. Is, ea, id.	N. ii, cae, ca.
G. Ejus.	G. Eorum, earum, eorū.
D. Ei.	D. üs vel eïs.
A. Eum, cam, id.	A. Eos, eas, ea.
V. Caret.	V. Caret.
A. Eo, eâ, co.	A. üs vel eïs.

N. Idem, eadem, idem. G. Ejusdem. Acc. Eundem, eandem, idem. Gen. pl. corundem, earundem, &c.

N. Hic. haec, hoc.	N. Hi, hae. haec.
G. Hujus.	G. horum, harum, horā.
D. Huic.	D. His.
A. Hunc, hanc, hoc.	A. Hos, has, haec.
V. Caret.	V. Caret.
A. Hoc, hac, hoc.	A. His.

N. Isthic, isthaec, istoc vel istuc. Ac. Istunc, istanc, istoc vel istuc. Ab. Istoc, istac, istoc, Pl. N. A. Istaec. So illic. N. Hiccine, haeccine, hoccine. A. Hunccine, hanccine, hoc∣cine. Ab. Hoccine, haccine. Pl. Haeccine.

Who, which, whose, whom.

N. Qui. quae, quod.	Qui, quae, quae.
G. Cujus.	Quorum, quarum, quorū
D. Cui.	Quibus, vel queïs.
A. Quem. quam, quod.	Quos, quas, quae.
V. Caret.	Caret.
A. Quo, qua, quo, vel qui	Quibus, vel Queis.

So quilibet every one, quivis any one, quicunque whoso∣ever, qui dam a certain or some.

Who? what? whose? whom?

N. Quis, quae, quid.	Qui, quae, quae.
G. Cujus.	Quorum, quarum, quorū
D. Cui.	Quibus.
A. Quem. quam, quid.	Quos, quas, quae.
V. Caret.	Caret.
A. Quo, qua, quo.	Quibus.

So ecquïs who. But the other compounds make qua, and quid. as siquis if any, fiqua, fiquid; aliçuis, aliqua, aliquod vel aliquid. Quispiam any. Quisnam; who quisque, every

one are declined like quis. Quid is always a Substantive of the Neuter Gender.

Whoso ever. whatso ever.

N. Quisquis, quicquid	Qui, qui
G. Cujus, Cujus	Quorum, quorum
D. Cui, cui	Quibus, quibus
A. Quem, quē, quicquid	Quos, quos
V. Caret.	Caret
A. Quoquo	Quibus, quibus.

my, mine,

• N. Meus, mea, meum
• G. Mei, meae, mei
• D. Meo, meae, meo
• A. meum, meam, mêum
• V. mi, mea, meum.
• A. Meo, mea, meo

And in the Plural Number like bonus, so tuus thy, suus his, or their, noster our, vester, your, cujus whose. But that noster only hath the Vocative.

Our coun∣trey∣man, or one of our side.

So vestras, and cujas, saving they want the Vocative.

N. Nostras, like felix	Nostrates, nostratia
G. Nostratis	Nostratium
D. Nostrati	Nostratibus
A. Nostratem, nostras	Nostrates, nostratia
V. Nostras	Nostrates, nostratia
A. Nostrate vel nostrati	Nostratibus.

All Pronouns, but tu, meus, noster, & nostras want the Vocative case. So nullus, neuter, alius, alter, ullus, uter, which have the nature of Pronouns.

Notes

• * 1.1

  These are called Nouns Aptotes, or Invariable, be∣cause they change their Termination in no case. The Substantives of these are Neuters, the Adjectives are of all Genders.