The universal body of physick in five books; comprehending the several treatises of nature, of diseases and their causes, of symptomes, of the preservation of health, and of cures. Written in Latine by that famous and learned doctor Laz. Riverius, counsellour and physician to the present King of France, and professor in the Vniversity of Montpelier. Exactly translated into English by VVilliam Carr practitioner in physick.

The Second Section of the SEMEIOTICAL Parts: Of the Diagnostick signs.

The First CHAPTER. Of the signs of bilious Humor predominant in the whole body.

THE knowledge of the temperament and humor predominant in the whole body is necessary for the understanding the species of the affection, and the pro∣ductive cause thereof. Therefore before we discourse of them, we must first propose the signs of humor predominant in the body, beginning with Choler.

But it is first observable, that there are only two heads, from which we take the signs of humors, viz. the causes, and effects, for the essence in this case gives no light.

That therefore we may lance the skulls of these heads and see what they contain, we must orderly run thorough their genus, and species: at least all those, which may be usefull in directing us to the knowledg of humors; which that they might not be burdensome to memory are digested into the following Tables.

To this referre the Table noted with the letter A.

By the observation of this order, we shall descry Choler predominant in the bo∣dy by the indication of

The Material Causes.

The Quality of Aliments. Feeding on hot and dry meats, drinking noble wine, old, or new, which are easily convertible into Choler.

Quantity. Order. Defect of aliment, as famine, food very smal and sparing.

Sweet things eaten after a meale, because by long coction they convert into Choler, as experience instructs us, that after some space of time they grow bitter by artificial coction.

Use of hot Medicaments, as Spices, &c. which degenerate to Choler.

Medicaments. Retentions. Customary evacuation of choler thorough the belly, by Urines, Vomits, or Sweats, flowing either voluntarily, or driven out by Me∣dicines, suppressed or intermitted.

The Efficient Causes.

Parts. An hot and dry temper of the ventricle, liver and heart. Because these parts are able to disseminate an Affection thorough the whole body.

Descent. Parents of a bilious temper.

Age. Youthfulness, that space chiefly which intervenes between eighteen, and thirty five.

Sex. Virile sex, for they are accounted more bilious, as women more pituitous.

Region. A Region hot and dry.

Time. Summer season.

Aliment. Meat and drink of a calefactory and exsiccating quality as onyons, garlick, all salt, and peppered things, which by overheating the liver, cause a co∣pious generation of choler.

Exercitation. A laborious life, toiled with much exercise.

Venery. An over-vehement motion to venery, which sets the whole body on fire.

Watching. Too much watching by which the blood and spirits are inflamed.

Passions of the mind. Anger, cares, and violent commotions of the mind.

They are helped by things cold and moist; offended by things hot and dry; and fasting.

The Effects.

Animal Actions.

Ingenuity. A sharp and witty, ready and quick of fancy.

Passions of the mind. Teastiness, rage, boldness, jactation, desire of revenge.

Sleep and Watching. Very little sleep, and slight, and much watching.

Dreams. Dreams of fires, flames, contentions and tumults.

Senses. Lively, acute, quick, and expedite senses, chiefly hearing, to which sic∣city is very advantagious.

Swift and nimble, but soon tyred motions.

Vital Actions.

A great, frequent, and hard pulse.

Natural Actions.

Appetency. Want of appetite, and nauseating of meat, in summer especially.

Appetite to cold things.

A difficult toleration of hunger.

Thirst. Much thirsting, and frequent drinking.

Quick and speedy accretion, and timely Age, because the radical moisture is soon consumed.

A forward propensity to venery, by reason of the acrimony of the seed.

Venery. A speedy wearisomeness in venery: because the spirits of bilious men are very dissipable by reason of their tenuity.

The Passions.

Bilious men have a propensity which disposeth them for diseases, as burning feavers, and tertians, phrensy, and pleurisy; to bilious vomits, Diarrhaea's, Erysi∣pela's, blisters, and pimples in the face, &c.

Excrements.

By the mouth. Vomiting of humor thin, pale, or yellow, and bitter; or a bitter tast in the tongue.

The ears. Copious excrements of the ears, and very yellow.

Belly. Feculency very yellow.

Bladder. Urine thin and yellow, or also red, and flammeous.

The Purgations of the womb, somewhat yellow, or orange colour.

The Habit of the body.

Skin first quality. A skin to the touch hot and dry, the heat of it sharp, and biting especially in the hands.

Second. A skin hard and rough.

The colour of the skin, principally of the face, and eyes, pale, and yellowish.

Haires. Thinness of haire, by reason of the rarity of pores, which permits an effluxion of hairy matter.

Quantity. Quality. Yellow hair resembling choler, and somewhat black by too much expulsion, sometimes also curled; by reason of the dryness which turns the hairround: and bilious men become bald by reason of the siccity of the skin, and consumption of the matter of haires.

Passion. The hair soon growing, and soon falling.

The Latitude of the vessels. For dilatation is proper to heat: and the veins in the eyes apparent.

Flesh. A slender and lean habitude of body.

CHAP. II. Of the Signs of pituitous humor predominant in the body.

Flegm predominant in the body is discovered by

The material Causes.

Quality of Aliments. A customary feeding on meats cold and moist, as fruits, hearbs, fish, meats made of milk, drinking of water, &c. for they are transmuted into flegme.

Quantity. Too great a quantity of Aliment, overwhelming the native heat, and generating crudities.

Time. Meats taken soon after sleep, or before sleep, before the concoction of the former.

Medicaments. Too long use of cold and moist medicaments, which as aliments degenerate into flegm.

Retentions. The omission of a natural assuefaction to evacuate flegm by vomit, or secesse, or of an artificial custome, by exercitation, or use of both waters, stewes or purging, or diuretick Medicines, by the intermission of which flegm is copiously generated.

The efficient Causes.

Parts. A cold and moist temper of the ventricle, liver, heart, and brain.

Descent. Parentage of a pituitous temper.

Age. Old age, which in defect of heat, accumulates much flegme; as also childish age, by reason of gluttony, and unwary institution of diet.

Sex. Female sex.

Region. A Country cold and moist, abounding in pooles and marishes, or drench'd with great rivers, exposed to the fury of North windes, snowes, and showers; and those that lie to the North, this is the cause that most Germans are pituitous.

Time. Winter season.

Meat and drink. Meat and drink of a refrigerating and irrigating quality, as let∣tice, purslane, and summer fruit, and drinking of water, which by cooling the ventricle and liver, cause them to produce plenty of flegm.

Quiet. An idle and sedentary life.

Sleep. Much and profound sleep, especially after meat.

Passions. A life void of care, study, or anxiety, or one much troubled with them, because they, by dissipating the native heat, refrigerate the body.

By the use of things hot and dry they are helped, and by things moist and cold they are hurt.

The Effects.

Animal Actions.

Principal. Imagination good enough, and an easie apprehension of things, but a speedy forgetfulness, because on humid things impression is easily made, and as easily obliterated.

A drowsy and dull mind, a slow and heavy wit.

Remisse anger, and easily appeased.

Sleep. A great propensity to sleep.

Dreams. Dreams of cold, waters, rains, snowes, drownings, rivers, pooles, seas and white things.

Sense. A dullness of the senses.

Motion. A slowness, but continuance of motion, because the spirits being some∣what thick, are not soon dissolved.

Vital Actions.

Pulse. A smal, slow, and soft pulse.

Natural Actions.

Hunger. A dejected appetency, and this reason Hipp. gives, that old men can easily tolerate hunger.

Thirst. None or very little thirst.

Accretion. Slow growth, because the heat being weak requires much time to subdue the forces of moisture.

Venery. Slowness to venery.

The moderate use of which is advantageous to them, as reinforcing the heat, which thereupon concocts the flegm, and reduces the body to a better temper: but by the too frequent use thereof the body is too much cooled.

The Passions.

They are better in health in clear weather, in cold, and rainy worse.

They are subject to cold diseases, as catarrhes, dropsies, pituitous distempers, lethargies, palsies, and the like.

The Excrements.

By mouth and nostrils. The excretion of humor thick, white, and insipid convey∣ed thorough the nostrils and mouth.

The belly. Mucous and whitish feculency.

Bladder. White or pale Urine, and that thin, if there be obstructions, otherwise muddy, and thick with plentiful sediments.

Womb. The flowings of the womb in women white.

The Habit of the body.

Skin first. A skin to the touch cold: feet chiefly and hands very cold in winter.

Qualities second. A soft and smooth skin.

Third. The colour of the same white.

Hair. Hair soft and smooth, and from the beginning thin.

Second quality. Yellow hair, because flegm by longer coction is so coloured.

Third figure. Direct hairs, because the skin being void of dryness, the passages in it are easie, thorough which the excrements may freely passe.

Passions. Hairs of slow growth, but never disrobed by baldness.

Vessells. The narrowness of the vessels and no veins appearing in the eyes.

Flesh. A soft habit of body, and fat, yet not carnous.

CHAP. III. Of the signs of Blood predominant in the body.

The blood predominant in the body is evident by

The Material Causes.

The use of meates of good juyce and easie concoction, such as new bread, very white, and well baked, soft boiled egges, young flesh and of good nourish∣ment, especially that of Hens, Partridges, Pheasants, Calfes, Kids, &c. clear fountain-water, generous wine, healthfully tempered.

Retentions. Suppressions of usuall vacuations, as of issuing of blood in the younger, of the Hemorroids in the more aged, or the monthes in women.

The Efficient Causes.

Parts. An hot and moist temper of the heart and liver.

Descent. Sanguin parents.

Age. The Age from Childhood to Puberty.

Region. A Country perflated by meridional, and Southerly winds.

Time. Spring Time.

Exercise. Idleness, or but little exercise, which creates an appetite, without any resolution of the body.

Venery. Unfrequent use of Venery.

Sleep. Sweet, and moderate sleep.

Passions. A Life free from care, exhilarated with joy, and mirth, and affluences of delights.

The large emission, and voluntary profusion of blood is commodious for such, and the discarding of all such things as may any way diminish the copiousness thereof.

The Effects.

Animal Actions.

Imagination. A happy imagination and comprehension of things, because moi∣sture readily receives an impression.

Ratiocination. A dulness and stolidity of mind, profuse laughter, impudence, incontinence in very sanguin complexions: In others mirth, and hilarity of the mind, with easie and free discourse; and a great inclination to love.

Memory. A memory somewhat weak.

Sleep. Profound sleep, yet lesse than in persons pituitous.

Dreams. Dreams of red things, of mirth, pleasantness, marriages, gardens, musical notes, Kings, Princes, and Nobles.

Motion. Moderate motion, but heavy, and soon tyred.

Vital Actions.

Pulse. A great Pulse, slow, and full.

Natural Actions.

Hunger. A mediocrity of appetite, unlesse the humors abound, which breed satiety.

Thirst. Mediocrity also of thirst.

Venery. Inclination to venery, but not so much as in persons bilious.

An easie toleration of venery, by reason of the copiousness of seminal matter.

Passions.

An easie falling into continuall feavers, flegmons and little inflammations, &c.

Excrements.

Thorough divers parts. Frequent, and copious excretions of blood, expelled tho∣rough the nose, womb, and Hemorroides.

The Bladder. Copious Urine of a laudable colour, and consistence, and some∣times replenished with a multitude of contained in it.

Belly. Feculency ruddy, and of an indifferent consistence.

The Habit of the body.

Qualities. A skin hot and soft to the perception of the Touch.

Second. A florid and ruddy colour of the face.

Third hair. An indifferent plenty of haire, of a yellowish colour, and a speedy generation of them.

Vessels. Indifferent largness of the vessels.

A carnous, and well compact habit of the body.

A COROLLARY.

A true Plethorick, void of all Cacochymie, is discovered most usually by the same signs, if we add an extension of the vessels, and voluntary lassitude.

CHAP. IV. Of the signs of Melancholy predominant in the body.

THE redundancy of Melancholick humor in the body, is demonstrated by the following signs.

The Material Causes.

Aliments. Use of too crass and hard aliment, of a terrene substance, such as brown and branny bread, black and thick wine, troubled and muddy water, pulse, old cheese, beefe, hares, pork, marish-fowle, especially salted, or hardened in the smoak, great fishes hard and salt, cabbages, parsnipes, &c.

Retentions. The customary evacuation of Melancholy retained spontaneously or artificially by the Hemorroides, the belly, the crooked veins, or the Itch, &c.

The Efficient Causes.

Parts. A cold and dry temper of the liver and heart, with the infirmity, or ob∣struction of the milt, by reason of which it is disabled to attract Melancholick hu∣mor, and conveniently to expell it.

Descent. Melancholick Parentage,

Age. Consistency of age, from the forty to sixty.

Region. A County whose aire is of an unequal constitution.

Time. Autumn season.

Watching. Immoderate watching, because it dryes the body, and dissolves na∣tive heat.

Passions. A Life agitated with studies, cares, anxieties, and griefe.

Helpfull and hurtfull. They are pleasured by things hot, and cold, as also by tem∣perate; injured by things cold and dry, as vineger.

Effects.

Animal Actions.

Imagination. Fear and sadness which without any manifest cause possesseth men very Melancholick. But they who are Melancholick by a light adustion of the blood; are cunning, wary, prudent, constant, and ingenious.

Atrabilary persons in whom melancholy is adust, are haters and betrayers.

Melancholick persons are difficulty provoked to anger, and difficultly appeased.

A difficult apprehension of things.

Memory. Memory firm by reason of Siccity.

Watching. Much watching, troubled and interrupted sleep.

Dreams. Dreams of black and horrid things; of carcases, sepulchres, devils, &c.

Sense. A dulness of the senses, an unconstant, sad, and horrid aspect.

Motion. A slow, heavy, and composed motion.

Vital actions.

Pulse. A slow and hard pulse.

Natural actions.

Hunger. Insatiable voracity by reason of the acidity of melancholy, which ex∣cites an appetency, even when it is dejected.

Thirst. Small thirst by reason of abundance of spittle and wheyish humor, being plentiful in melancholick men.

Expulsion. Acid belchings, excited by crudities, abounding in melancholick men.

Accretion. Slow accretion and quick age.

Venery. They are not easily excited to venery, and by the use thereof are very much injured, yet those Melancholicks are more forward to it which are very fla∣tulent; neither is venery so hurtful to them, because they send not forth so much seed, being by flatulency excited to coition.

Passions.

A frequent invasion of Melancholick diseases, such as the Quartane, swelling of the Milt, and hardness; the Leprosie, loathsome scabs, corrupt blood, and the hemorrhoids, &c.

Excrements.

Frequent vomiting of Melancholick humor.

By mouth. Customary spitting, and copious ejection of water; whence Melan∣cholicks are termed Spitters.

Belly. The belly for the most part dry, and constipated, and blackish dejections.

Hemorrhoids. Excretion of black blood through the hemorrhoids.

Bladder. Urine thin and white, sometimes thick and pale.

The habit of the body.

Skin, first, second, third. A skin to the touch cold, dry, hard, and rough.

A dark, leaden, or blackish colour of the face.

Hairs. Many hard, rough, thick, black, slow of growth, and soon hoary hairs.

Vessels. Narrow veins.

Flesh. A slender and lean habit.

Thus much of the Signes of humors predominant in the whole body.

A COROLLARY.

By tracing in this method after the footsteps of these Signes, we shall find out the temper of every part, by applying them in the same manner to those parts, and by contemplating chiefly their actions and excrements.

A Table of the Signes of the part affected.

• The Signes of the part affected are taken either from
  • The Essence which with Physicians is either
    • The Tem∣per, which consists in qualities.
      • The first, which are
        • Calidity
        • Frigidity
        • Humidity
        • Siccity.
      • The second, which are
        • Hardness
        • Softness.
    • Magnitude
      • Increased
      • Diminished.
    • Situation.
    • Figure.
  • Causes
    • External
    • Internal.
  • Effects, which are
    • Actions
      • Animal
        • The principal
          • Imagination
          • Ratiocination
          • Memory.
        • Less principal
          • Sense
            • Common to which refer
              • Sleeping
              • Watching.
            • Private
              • Seeing
              • Hearing
              • Smelling
              • Tassing
              • Touching under w^ch pain, which is
                • Purgitive
                • Tensive
                • Gravative
                • Pulsative.
          • Motion.
      • The vital known by pulse
      • Natural, which are
        • Nutrition, whose ser∣vants are
          • Attraction
          • Retention
          • Concoction
          • Expulsion.
        • Generation.
    • Excrements in which is considered
      • The substance, which is either
        • Of the essence of the part.
        • Naturally contained in the p.
        • Preternaturally contained.
      • First
        • Heat
        • Cold
        • Moisture
        • Dryness.
      • Second
        • Tenuity
        • Crassity
        • Viscidity
        • Spumosity.
      • Third
        • Colour
        • Taste.
      • The Quantity, Manner of Excretion, Order.
    • Quality changed in- Colour, Taste, Sound.

CHAP. V. Of the signs of the Affected part.

HAving duly enquired into the natural, we come now to search out the preternatural dis∣position of the body. First then we will make a diligent inspection, for the better discovery of the signs of the part affected: Next the species of the affection possessing that part, and lastly the causes on which it depends. The signs of the part affected may be derived from three heads, the Essence, the Causes, and the Effects; a Catalogue of which is proposed in the Table marked with the letter, B.

Therefore according to that Series the affected part is discovered by.

The essence. First quality. By the Temper of the part; for if we perceive it hot, moist, or dry in excesse, we shall judge it to be preternaturally affected.

Second. By hardness and softness, if for instance, in Hypochondriacks we per∣ceive hardness and retinency, we shall judge the parts subjected, the liver, or milt to be obstructed, or inflamed: so too much softness in any part is a sign that the part is affected with some tumid distemper.

Magnitude increased. A preternatural swelling, whether external, perceptible to the sight, or internal, sensible to the touch, such as the tumors of the ventricle, liver, milt, bladder, &c.

Diminished. A great consumption and atrophy of the parts.

Situation. The situation of the part, which in this case is very considerable; for if we know by anatomical inspection, what place is proper to every part in our bo∣dy, we shall easily conjecture by the humor, distemper, or some other sensible af∣fection possessing that place, that that part is diseased.

Figure. The figure mutually distinguisheth the parts situated in the same place, so a tumor in the right Hypochondrium shaped like the Moon, shews that the bun∣chey part of the liver is affected; but being of a long figure, and more external, it evidenceth to us, that the straight muscles of the abdomen are affected.

External Causes.

External Causes also discover something; for instance, if any one hath taken Cantharides, and conjecture that his bladder is affected, because they have a pecu∣liar vertue to alter the bladder, if any one be affected after converse in the Sun, we judge that his head akes, because the sun doth usually affect that part rather than any of the rest; if the affection be produced by the immoderate use of venery, we say the spiritous substance, and nervous parts are ill, because venery is an enemy to these parts.

Internal causes.

We may number the affections themselves among external causes; as where any one is troubled with a Tertian, this speaks the liver affected; a Quotidian, the ven∣tricle; a Quartan, the milt, because these parts are the randezvouz of their causes.

Observe, That when we in practise search for the part affected, we must not trace it by its essence and causes, but from its actions, excrements, and changed qualities, the signes are first to be deduced, and after from the essence and causes thereof.

The Effects, Actions.

Animal. The laesion of an action shews the part on which it depends to be affe∣cted; for instance,

Principal. Deliration, watching, abolition of sense and motion, signifie the brain affected.

Sense private. Laesion of a particular sense, as of sight or hearing, shews that the instrument thereof is affected.

Pain pungitive, tensive. A pungitive pain shews the membrane affected chiefly by sharp and eroding matter, but a tensive pain is often caused in the membranes by flatulency, and in the veins by over-repletion.

Gravative. A gravative pain signifies the parenchyma of any of the bowels to be affected, for all parenchyma's have a dull sense. So when the stone presses the the substance of the reins, it causes a gravative pain, but when it crowns the head of the ureter, a pungitive. So likewise in the pleurisie, when the matter seiseth on rib-surrounding membrane, it raiseth a pungitive pain; but when it makes a transition to the lungs, the pain is changed to gravative.

Pulsatory. The pulsatory pain shews an artery or some adjacent part to be affe∣cted; therefore in all the inflammation of the parts wherein the artery is lodged there is caused a pungitive pain.

Excrements.

But those excretions which are conveyed thorough several parts of the body, do usually discover the part affected, in this manner.

Of the essence of the part. A cartilaginous substance expelled by cough, speaks an affection in the aspera arteria, or the concavities of the lungs; but a minute part of fungous flesh excreted, shews the lungs themselves to be affected, but a crass sub∣stance proceeds from crass parts.

Naturally contained. If meat, or urine, or dregs be expelled by a wound, we know that the ventricle, bladder, or intestines are wounded.

Preternaturally contained. If small stones or sand be excreted by urine, the reins or the bladder are affected. Maw-worms expelled by the mouth or the gut, shew the intestines affected.

Quality of excrements. Air too hot sent forth by expiration, discovers the heart or lungs to be hot; but too cold, shews the heart to be much refrigerated, and next neighbour to death.

First, second, third. The blood too hot, too thin, and too yellow, and issuing as it were by leaps, shews an artery wounded.

Tenuity and colour. Small dejections of the belly, and red like the water in which raw flesh hath been washed, shew an infirmity in the liver.

Spumosity and manner. Spumous excretions expelled by coughing, shew the lungs affected. They whose excrements in the effluxions of their belly are spumous, have a defluxion of flegme out of their head, Aph. 30. Sect. 7. For flegme flow∣ing from the brain mingled in the intestines with flatulencies is become spumous.

Taste. Acid belching shews the ventricle to be replenished with crudities.

Quantity. If a great quantity of blood be expelled in coughing, the vessels of the lungs are affected, those which are in the aspera arteria being too narrow for a plentiful effusion of blood. The excretion of blood in urine, if it be not much, may be conjectured to proceed from the bladder; if much, from the reins, or su∣periour parts, where it is more copious.

Manner. Excrements rejected by spitting, signifie the mouth; by sneesing, the jaws; by coughing, the lungs, or the aspera arteria; by vomiting, the ventricle af∣fected.

Order. If white corruption usher out urine, there is an ulcer in the yard it self; if it issue after urine, there is one in the bladder or reins. In a dysenteria, if such cor∣ruption or pure blood flow out before the feculency, it is credible that the intesti∣num rectum is rather ulcerated than the rest: but if after it, or much confused with it, it shews the superiour or middle intestines to be affected.

Qualities changed.

The qualities changed do sometimes discover the part affected; for instance, whatever part of the body is possessed by heat or cold, there is a disease. Aph. 39. Sect. 4.

Colour. A leaden or pale colour thorough the whole body, shews the liver to be refrigerated; an orange colour, the bladder of the gall to be obstructed; blackish, the milt to be so affected. A lasting red in the cheeks, and of a deep grain, shews an inflammation in the lungs.

Taste. A bitter taste in the tongue signifies the ventricle replete with choler. But a salt taste shews the defluxions of salt flegme from the brain.

Sound. A tinckling and hissing of the ears whispers an affection there.

A rumbling in the belly speaks the intestines troubled with flatulency.

CHAP. VI. Of the signes of a part primarily diseased, or by consent.

IN all preternatural dispositions it happens for the most part that they con∣fine not themselves to the narrow limits of one part, but overspread many, be∣cause that which is at first affected, infects by sympathy those parts that have any commerce with it; where a Physician must be very accurate in distinguishing sympathetical from idiopathetical affections. For the better performance of this, we must derive the signes from the mentioned heads, of which some give occasion onely of a slight conjecture, but some of better assurance; but our united collection of all together is infallible.

The heads therefore of these signes may be taken out of the following table mar∣ked with the letter C.

C. A Table of the signes shewing a part primarily, or by sympathy affected.

• The signes shewing a part to be primarily, or by consent affected, are drawn either from—
  • The Essence to which is re∣ferred—
    • The temper in the qualities,
      • First,
        • heat.
        • cold.
        • moisture.
        • driness.
      • Second,
        • hardness.
        • softness.
        • thinness.
        • thickness.
    • Vicinity.
    • Kinde.
    • Office.
    • Connexion.
  • The Causes, which are either
    • Helpful.
    • Hurtful.
  • The Effects or symptomes, in which is considered
    • Magnitude.
    • Time.
    • Order.
    • Duration.

The linkes of this chain of signes will be unlocked by the following theorems il∣lustrated with examples.

The Essence.

The hotter parts are more compassionative to a sympathy then colder: * 1.1 because they easily attract the noxious humors and vapors: so the heart and liver do more easily sympathize with the other parts, then the ventricle, blad∣der, or womb, &c.

Parts thin and soft do more easily sympathize, * 1.2 then thick and hard, be∣cause they easily receive the noxious causes, and do not make resistance. So the skin by reason of its rarity easily receives the humors flowing from the inner parts; so the lungs are often attempted by the defluxions of humors from the head.

Neighbouring parts incline to sympathy more then remote ones. * 1.3 So the hand communicates a sense of its evils to the arm, the bones to the adjacent flesh, the ventricle to the liver, the pleura to the lungs, the lungs to the heart, and so round.

Parts placed under the same genus, * 1.4 and possessing the same nature, are easily excited to a mutual compassion. So the nervous parts sympathize with the nervous, the carnous parts with the carnous.

The whole body sympathizeth with those parts which are publick offi∣cers in the body. * 1.5 So when the brain, heart, or liver is affected, the whole bo∣dy is ill.

Those parts which execute the same office in the body, do mutually sympathize; so the breast with the womb, the bladder with the reins.

Those parts which are directly superiour or inferiour to others, * 1.6 easily re∣ceive their affections. So the head easily receives the vapors ascending from the inferiour parts, and the lungs the humors descending from the head.

Parts united by connexion are mutually compassionate. * 1.7 So the affections of the nerves are communicated to the brain; of the arteries, to the heart; of the veins, to the liver; and so on the contrary.

The Causes.

Secondly, from causes helpful and hurtful the signes of a part sympathetically diseased are taken, of which the following theorem is constituted; If two parts be∣ing together diseased by helpful or hurtful things approximated to one, one of them is advantaged, or injured; that to which the helpful or hurtful are ap∣plied is primarily affected, but the other by consent. So remedies being applied to the ventricle, if the pain of the head cease, or is remitted, the head is affected by sympathy.

The Effects.

The Effects also or symptoms are very efficacious in demonstrating this, as ap∣pears by the following theorem.

Of many parts diseased together, * 1.8 that which hath greater symptomes is the primarily affected part, but the rest by consent.

Of many parts together affected, that is first diseased, in which the symptomes first appeared. So when the ventricle is diseased, if a pain of the head afterwards arise, this pain is symptomatical.

In the exacerbation of affections, that part is primarily diseased, in which the exacerbations of the symptomes begin.

Idiopathetical affections are continual without any intermission; but sympatheti∣cal admit usually of a respit: so deliration caused by a feaver ordinarily ceaseth upon the mitigation thereof, but being produced by the inflammation of the brain, it continues impatient of any restraint or mitigation.

Here insert the Table folio 131.

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A Table describing the Species of the Signes of Affections.

The signes shewing the species of affections are taken either from—

• The Essence, in respect of which a disease is either
  • Similar, or a temper—
    • Simple—
      • Hot.
      • Cold.
      • Moist.
      • Dry.
    • Compounded
      • Hot moist.
      • Hot dry.
      • Cold moist.
      • Cold dry.
  • Organical, which is either in—
    • Confor∣mation, which is either in
      • Figure.
      • Passage and Ca∣vity—
        • Adstriction.
        • Obstruction.
        • Dilatation.
      • Asperity and Levity.
    • Magnitude
      • Increased.
      • Diminished.
    • Number
      • Exceeding.
      • Deficient.
    • Situation, which is either in
      • Position.
      • Connexion.
  • Common, or the solution of the conti∣nuum in—
    • The flesh
      • Wound.
      • Ulcer.
      • Contusion.
    • The bone
      • Fracture.
      • Fissure.
      • Putrefaction.
    • The nerve—
      • Puncture.
      • Section.
    • The veines and arteries—
      • Ruption.
      • Anastomosis.
      • Diapedesis.
      • Erosion.
    • The membranes
      • Rupture.
    • The skin
      • Excoriation.
• The Causes discover∣ing the disease—
  • Similar, such
    • are All those Causes which discover humour predominant in a body; to which adde the periods of humours.
  • Organical and com∣mon, and those are
    • Materi∣rial—
      • By which
        • Aliments.
        • Medicaments.
      • In which
        • Peculiar disposition of the parts.
    • Efficient—
      • Natural
        • The various temper of the per••••••
        • Hereditary disposition.
      • Not natural
        • Exercitation.
        • Venery.
• Effects or sym∣tomes, which are either—
  • Actions hurt
    • Ani∣mal—
      • The principal
        • Divers kindes of deliration.
      • Less prin∣cipal
        • Sense
          • Common
            • Immoderate sleep.
            • Immoderate watching.
          • Private
            • The five natural senses
              • Abolished.
              • Diminished.
              • Depraved under which, pain
                • Pulsator
                • Stupid.
                • Eroding
        • Motion
          • Abolished.
          • Depraved.
          • Diminished.
    • Vital, hence the pulse is—
      • Great.
      • Small.
      • Frequent.
      • Rare.
    • Natu∣ral—
      • Nutrition whose reti∣nue is—
        • Attraction to which
          • Hunger.
          • Thirst.
        • Retention.
        • Concoction.
        • Expulsion.
      • Generation.
  • Excrements ejected by
    • Themouth. in which is considered Substance.
    • Nose. in which is considered Quality.
    • Belly. in which is considered Quantity.
    • Bladder. in which is considered Manner of ex∣tion.
    • Womb. in which is considered
  • Qualities changed.

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CHAP. VII. Of the signes of the Species of a disease.

THe signes discovering the species of affections, are almost of like learning with the signes of the part affected: but for clearer instruction sake, we will handle them severally, to avoid confusion in that Treatise.

These signes therefore may be taken from three heads, viz. from the Essence of the disease it self, from the causes producing it, and the effects thereof, or the symptomes flowing from it.

All which are orderly set forth in the following Table.

To this the Table noted with the Letter D is related.

But the series of them is shortly demonstrated in the following theorems.

The Essence.

The Essence of a disease is nothing else but the disease it self; and therefore if our senses will sufficiently discover to us a distemper residing in any part, or some species of an organical disease, or the solution of the continuum, we shall not need any other signes to evidence it.

The Causes.

The causes of Similars. All the Causes signifying the humours predominant in the body, may also hint to us the Species of a disease; for those which produce choler do usually also generate hot and dry diseases; those which produce flegme, cold and moist, and so of the rest; and these in respect of similar diseases may be taken from the former table marked with the Letter A.

To which yet the periods of humours shall be added, in this manner.

The humours which are moved every third day, are signes of a tertian: Those that are moved every day, of a quotidian; those moved every fourth day, of a quartan feaver.

Causes of organical and common. But those Causes by which organical, or common di∣seases are discoverable, are such like.

Aliments and medicaments. Use of aliments and medicines of force to bind the in∣ner passages and cavities, breed a suspicion that the disease was produced in astriction.

Incrassating aliments and medicines do usually generate many obstructions.

Aliments and medicines very detergent do usually produce asperities in the tongue, oesophagus, aspera arteria, ventricle, and intestines.

Aliments fat and oleaginous generate levity in the intestines, and Lienteria's.

Medicines sharp and eroding erode and exulcerate the internal parts.

Disposition of the part. The Liver and Milt are oftentimes troubled with obstructi∣ons; if therefore these parts be affected, we shall shrewdly suspect obstructions.

The Aspera arteria is often exasperated or levigated by fluxions; therefore if that be affected, we may conjecture of asperity or levity. Worms are commonly pro∣duced in the intestines, therefore upon an affection of the intestines we may call them in question.

Temper of the parts. They that have a ventricle cold and a liver hot, are subject to obstructions, because the liver attracts crude aliments, by which obstructions are generated.

They who have a cold ventricle and hot reines, do usually harbour stones in their reines, because flegme generated in a cold ventricle, is by the heat of the reines in∣durated, and converted into a stone.

Descent. The issue of lienous, nephiritical and podagrical parents are inclined to such diseases.

Exercise presently after a meal causeth obstructions, because it throws down the aliments from the ventricle, before they be concocted.

Venery. Immoderate Venery causeth a calculous disposition, because it debilitates the reines.

EFFECTS.

Animal Actions.

A deliration with rage speaks an hot distemper of the brain.

Principal. A deliration with fear or sadness, and fatuity, shews a cold distemper of the brain.

Sleep. Immoderate sleep signifies a cold and moist distemper of the brain.

Watching. Immoderate watchings signifie an hot and dry distemper of the brain.

Sense and motion. A total abolition of sense and motion, such as appears in an A∣poplexy, shews a total obstruction of the ventricles of the brain.

The Motion of all the parts depraved, such as is seen in an Epilepsie, shewes the ventricles of the brain half obstructed.

The privation of motion in any part, signifies an obstruction, resolution, or incision of the nerves retaining to that part.

Pain. A pulsatory pain is a signe of inflammation in the part aggrieved.

A stupid pain shews a cold distemper.

A sharp and eroding pain discovers exulceration.

Vital Actions.

A great and frequent pulse shews an hot distemper; a small and rare one, a cold distemper.

Natural Actions.

Attraction. A dejected appetency, and great thirst, shews a hot distemper.

A great appetency, and small thirst, argues a cold distemper.

Expulsion. Nidorous belching shews a hot distemper; but acid, a cold.

Frequent vomiting and excretion of feculencies hindred, shews an obstruction lur∣king in the intestines.

Generation. The appetite to coition being lost, signifies a cold distemper.

A vehement desire of coition, with a perpetual and painful erection, shews an in∣flammatory affection.

Excrements.

By the mouth. Bloud copiously expelled by coughing through the mouth, shews a ruption of the vessel, but a small quantity permixt with purulent matter, an exul∣ceration.

Belly. Fragments ejected through the belly shew exulceration in the intestines.

Bladder. Urine having red and sandy sediments, is a sign of the stone, or of an hot distemper of the reines scorching the humours.

Heart. Small sweats and frequent interludes of shaking signifie an Empyema, 10 Coat. 1. By the acrimony of the corruption the internal parts are vellicated, which is the cause of trembling; but the small sweats proceed from the debilitated faculty.

Substance. Aliments excreted in the same manner as they are taken, shew a Lien∣teria; drink if it be expelled unchanged by urine, signifies a Diabete.

Yellow Choler excreted in the beginning of a paroxysme, signifies a Tertian Feaver.

Manner. Blood copiously flowing through the nostrils in the beginning of a Fea∣ver, signifies a synochical one.

Bloud flowing abundantly from any part signifies a ruption, or anastomosis of the veines; but softly sweating out, a diapedesis.

Quality changed.

Redness in a deep grain in any part, speaks a phlegnumous inflammation; so red∣ness

in the cheeks signifies a peripneumony.

A Yellow colour shews an Erisipelatous affection; so in an exquisite pleurisie the eyes do often appear as it were delineated in yellow colours; so the Jaundise doth not seldome succeed bilious Feavers.

A yellow colour of the whole body without a Feaver, shews an obstruction in the bladder of the gall.

The skin of the whole body preternaturally drawn in a blackish colour, signifies an obstruction in the milt.

CHAP. VIII. Of the signes of a great, and a small disease.

A Physician who undertakes the cures of diseases, is not sufficiently furnished for it by the bare knowledge of their essential differences by their proper signes; for the accidental differences also are to be diligently inquired after, that we may pass a certain judgement of them. We will therefore propose signes of the chiefest of them; viz. of those which are of near necessity to the practise of the Art; in respect of which every disease is called great or small, gentle or malignant, acute or slow, and so forth. That disease is termed great, which is very intense, and oppres∣seth our body with much violence. The signes of which are taken from the three heads aforesaid; for we judge that disease great, which being great in its Essence, was produced by great and intense causes, and hath great and vehement sym∣ptomes; all which for clearer instruction are in order to be handled, as is described in the following Table noted with the Letter E.

E. A Table of the signes shewing a disease to be great or small.

• The signes of a great or small disease are taken either from—
  • The Essence.
  • The causes
    • Efficient
      • External.
      • Internal.
      • Helpfull and hurtful.
    • Material or subject.
  • Effects or symptomes, which are either—
    • Actions
      • Animal.
      • Vital.
      • Natural.
    • Excrements.
    • Qualities changed.

That we may therefore in proposing the signes of a great disease, conform to this Table, we shall institute the following theorems.

The Essence.

Great distempers, or inflammations, great tumors, great obstructions, great wounds or ulcers extended to the full dimensions, long, broad, and deep, shew great diseases.

The Causes.

External. Whatsoever external Causes are very prevalent in affecting our body, do usually produce and discover great diseases. So long and violent exercise used in a very hot air, doth excite a great Feaver.

Internal. Those humours which are nested in our body, and which are the ordi∣nary causes of most diseases, if they extremely erre in quantity or quality, they cause and foreshew great diseases. So the bloud copiously abounding, or very hot,

either choler copious, sharp, or putrified, are signes of a great disease.

Helpful and hurtful. Those diseases, to which there are none or few remedies profitably, many noxiously applied, are accounted great.

Those diseases which outrage the dignity of the principal or the publickly offici∣ous parts, are in respect of them judged great, if they be but accompanied with any other signe of magnitude. So a wound, though of it self inconsiderable, if it be in∣flicted on the Heart, Liver, Lungs, or other the like parts, is counted great in re∣spect of the part affected, as also because it produceth great symptomes.

EFFECTS.

Animal Actions.

Whatsoever disease introduceth a deliration, profound sleeping, immoderate watching, privation of sense or motion, or a very vehement pain, discovers a great disease.

Vital Actions.

Whenever we perceive in any sick person a great, frequent, and difficult respirati∣on; a great, frequent, or else very small pulse, we may safely pronounce him trou∣bled with a great disease.

Natural Actions.

A small appetite, or thirst; or on the contrary, an insatiable appetite and ever quaffing thirst; inconcoction; or a long flux of the belly, and suppression of urine, or a tedious and copious profusion thereof, signifie a great disease.

Excrements.

A superfluous quantity of excrements, or a total suppression of them, or a bad colour, or a most fetid smell, or substance very remote from their natural one, are signes of a great disease.

Qualities changed.

A Colour of the body very red, yellow, or pale; a tast bitter in the tongue, the colour thereof black, and much driness, declare a great disease.

A Corollary.

By these signes before mentioned we may easily discern what diseases they are which deserve the name of small diseases, viz. all those in which the mentioned signes are not found.

CHAP. IX. Of the signes of a gentle, and malignant disease.

WE term those malignant diseases, which are attended by some malignant and venomous quality; and their signes may be derived from the same heads.

All which shall be in the following Table mark't with the Letter F orderly proposed.

F. Of the signes of a gentle and malignant disease.

• The signes shewing the benignity or the malignity of a di∣sease are drawn from either—
  • The Essence.
  • The Causes, which are either
    • Mate∣rial
      • Out of which
        • Aliments.
        • Medicaments.
      • In which
        • The disposition of the parts.
    • Efficient
      • External
        • Necessary. [Aire.
        • Not-necessary. [Venery.
        • Fortuit. [Wounds.
      • Internal
        • Bloud.
        • Flegme.
        • Divers species of choler.
      • Helpful and hurtful.
  • Effects, which are either
    • Actions
      • Animal.
      • Vital.
      • Natural.
    • Excrements ejected by
      • Vomit.
      • The belly.
      • Urine.
      • Habit.
    • Qualities changed, and proper accidents.

Therefore to follow the series of this Table, we propose the succeeding Theorems.

The Essence.

Some diseases are naturally alwaies malignant, as a Cancer, Leprosie, the Vene∣real disease, a Carbuncle, the Plague; others alwaies gentle unless they light upon a pestilent constitution, as a Tertian ephemeral simple synochical Feaver, and the like.

The material causes.

Usual feeding on meats of a bad juyce, or corrupt; drinking of marish, muddy, or corrupt waters, do frequently produce malignant diseases.

Medicines venomous, and of a deleterious quality, generate malignant diseases.

In bodies of bad juyce and ill affected, malignant diseases are most commonly generated.

The efficient causes.

A pestilent and corrupt aire doth usually produce malignant diseases: Coition with an impure harlot, whose sole issue is a malignant disease.

Wounds inflicted with intoxicated swords, or the bitings of venomous creatures, do produce and shew venomous affections.

Bloud and flegme produce gentle diseases, but choler black, porraceous, erugi∣nous, and sometimes yellow, causeth malignant diseases.

Whatever sick person is not sustained by healthful causes, whether proceeding from nature, as spontaneous vacuations; or from art, by due administrations of remedies, but is advantaged by these applications onely which are of a preservative virtue against poyson, and injured by almost all the rest; that person is molested with a malignant disease.

THE EFFECTS.

Animal actions.

A deliration and great perturbation of the mind, watching, disturbance,

without a vehement Feaver, are signes of a malignant disease.

Vital actions.

A sudden debilitation of the pulses, and the strength, a Deliquium and syncope, discover a malignant disease.

Natural actions.

Great thirst without a vehement Feaver, or the appetite to meat and drink abolished, signifies a malignant disease.

If by vomit, the belly, or urine, exerements pale, black, eruginous, or tainted with some alien quality remote from the natural be expelled, this shews a malignant disease.

In a notable Feaver, attended by ill-look't symptomes, if the urine be like that of healthy persons, it shews a malignant disease. For by such urine it doth evidently appear, that the disease scornes to own for a parent vulgar putridity, but is genera∣ted by a more intense, profound, occult, or malignant quality which appears not with the urine. Small and frequent sweats flowing in the forehead and neck onely, shew a malignant disease.

Qualities changed.

A place colour in the face, or other parts, in Feavers signifie the malignity of them.

A black colour in the tongue, not accompanied with thirst, demonstrates a malig∣nant disease.

Proper Accidents.

Those who in Feavers are infested with Wheals, divers Pimples, Carbuncles, Botches in their arm-pits and groins, impostumated ebullitions behind the ears, and such like, are malignantly diseased.

Ulcers smooth all round, are malignant. Aph. 4. Sect. 6.

A corollary.

Those diseases are accounted gentle, in which the foresaid signes of malignity are not discoverable.

CHAP. X. Of the Signes of an acute, and Chronical disease.

DIseases of short continuance and swift motion, which also have magnitude ac∣companying brevity, are called acute and vehement, to which the Physicians commonly oppose Chronical, though they stand not in diametral contrariety to them; for Chronical or long diseases are so called, onely for that they are of con∣tinuance, though sometimes also they are great; such as the palsy, the Dropsie, and the like; to which those are truly and properly opposed, which are termed short simply, as an Ephemeral Feaver.

The signes therfore of acute diseases shall be drawn from the precedent heads, ac∣cording to the order of the following Table mark't with the Letter G.

G. The signes shewing an acute, or Chro∣nical disease, are taken either from

• The Essence, or species of the disease.
• The internal causes, or humours producing the disease.
• The Effects or symptomes, which are either—
  • Actions
    • Animal.
    • Vital.
    • Natural.
  • Excrements ejected by
    • The Belly.
    • The Bladder.
  • Qualities changed.

But the series of this Table will more evidently appear by the following Theorems.

The Essence.

All the inflammations of the interiour parts, burning and continual Feavers, are in their proper nature alwaies acute. So when we see any one troubled with the Phrensie, Pleurisie, or such like affection, we say they are sick of an acute disease.

The Causes.

Whatever diseases are produced by blood, yellow, or black choler, are usually acute; and so the knowledge of the humour effecting the disease easily conducts us to such skil, that we know whether it fall into the number of the acute ones.

THE EFFECTS.

Animal Actions.

A deliration, abolition of sence and motion, or any part afflicted with very vehe∣ment pain, shew an acute disease.

Natural Actions.

A great thirst, large fluxes of the belly, or total suppression of the evacuations of the belly and urine, signifie an acute disease.

Excrements.

The excrements of the belly very yellow, porraceous, eruginous, pale, or black, discover an acute disease.

Red, green, or eruginous urines shew the like.

Qualities changed.

The countenance of the sick person engrained in red, heat overspread in the whole body, a bitter taste in, and blackness discolouring the tongue, signifie an acute disease.

A Corollary.

The signes of the differences of acute diseases are described chap. 4. Sect. 3. of prognostick signes.

But Chronical diseases are easily known by the absence of the mentioned signes, and presence of the contrary, so that repetition of them here will be useless.

CHAP. XI. Of the signes of morbifick causes; and first, Of the signes of preternatural choler.

DIseases are most generally the spawn of various humours unconformable to nature: but those humours do usually breed diseases, which are predo∣minant in the whole, or in any part of the body; and so if we do accurately know this factious humor, we shall easily arrive to the cause of the disease. We must therefore recall the signes of these domineering humors from the first Chap∣ters of this Section; and because the humors there fall under our consideration, as they are constituted in their natural state, we therefore proposed onely four first differences of humors: but now some others offer themselves, which are wholly preternatural; these we shall in short propose, neither will it be impertinent to enquire after some other causes of diseases produced by humors, lest this Trea∣tise should be any way defective.

To begin therefore with choler; we termed that natural, which was died with yellow, or pale, though it be often disobedient to nature, and produceth many diseases: yet it always presents the same signes, if to that which is preternatu∣ral, and somewhat putredinous, we adde this onely, viz. that it is moved every third day, as manifestly appears in the paroxysmes of a Tertian Feaver.

But there are other species of choler which are perpetually preternatural, and as often as they visit the body, they usually produce diseases: and they are vitelline, porraceous, erguinous, glasteous, and black.

The vitelline owes its production to the yellow, with the midwifery of preter∣natural heat, which by dissipating the thinner parts incrassates that, so that in consistence and colour it dissembles the yolk of an egge.

This is not discovered by any other signes then the yellow, except onely that the colour of the excrements do dissemble that yolk colour, or that that yolk mat∣ter is in diseases expelled by vomit or secess.

Porraceous, eruginous, and glasteous are generated two ways, one by depraved aliments, and of a vicious juyce, such are, Onyons, Leeks, Watercresses, and the like: The other by vitelline choler parched by vehement heat; by virtue of which it is painted in various colours, according to the various degrees of exustion; for the porraceous is generated by less adustion, the eruginous by greater, the glasteous by more intense; for as the colour more emulates black, it argues the greater adustion.

The signes therefore of these species of choler will be all those which discover yellow choler, and much more intense, and besides them these two chiefly; viz. long use of the aforementioned bad aliments, and excretions infected with those colours.

Black choler is produced from the foregoing species of choler, by a more scorch∣ing exustion: It is known by the mentioned causes parching and burning the hu∣mors, and especially by the effects. For when it is expelled in excretion, it is known by its black colour, and insufferable acrimony; it exulcerates the parts by which it passes, and being diffused on the earth, it ferments it.

Some accidents also are fathered upon it as the issues thereof, as cancrous tu∣mors, malignant scabs, noisome ulcers, and the like; black choler is also some∣times

the product of putrified melancholy, but it is somewhat more mild then the former, producing the same, but less vehement symptomes.

A Corollary.

Blood varies into no species but when it deviates from a natural condition, and is too much altered by heat, and so changed into divers species of melancholy; so also scorched or putrified melancholy degenerates into black choler; all which need no further scrutiny.

CHAP. XII. Of the signes of preternatural Flegme.

NAtural flegme is usually called sweet, or insipid, yet from this exceeding in quantity, motion, or any other manner transgressing the bounds chalk't out by nature, many affections are generated.

Some of the species of it are perpetually preternatural, and those are salt, vi∣treous, gypseous.

Salt flegme is produced two ways according to Galen in his book of the differences of Feavers, Chap. 6. one out of putrefaction, the other by the salt serous humidity. But it is known by these signes, viz. by long use of salt diet, great thirst, a Dysen∣teria, with pituitous excrements, noisom scabs, much itching, and chiefly by a salt raste caused by a Catarrhe flowing into the mouth.

But the vitreous flegme is onely gathered in the intestines, and by reason of its intense coldness it is accounted very biting, so that it often produceth colick pains, which are by their mark distinguished from them which are produced by flatu∣lencies, viz. because vitreous flegme generates fixt pain, and perferating like an awgre; but wandring and unsetled pains are generated by flatulencies.

Gypseous, lastly, is that flegme which is indurated almost to stone, and appears in the gravel, and nodosities of gouty persons, or is also sometimes expelled by main force from the lungs like hail.

CHAP. XIII. Of the signes of serum abounding.

THe serous humor produceth many, and these not contemptible affections; such as distillations into divers parts, dropsies, and the like; therefore we will in short propose the signes thereof, drawn from two heads, viz. the causes and effects, according to the following Table mark't with the Leter H.

H. The signes of the serous humor a— bounding, in the body are taken from—

• The Causes, which are either—
  • Material
    • Assumed
      • Meat.
      • Drink.
    • Excreted and retained.
  • Effici∣ent—
    • Natural
      • The various disposition of parents.
    • Preternatural
      • Various diseases.
• The Effects, which are either
  • Excrements.
  • Proper accidents.

By conforming to this order, the serous humor abounding in the body will be discovered by the following Theorems.

The material Causes.

Frequent use of moist diet, as of summer fruits, and herbs, causeth a full stream of watry humors, and breeds a suspicion that they are like a torrent in the body.

Large and frequent tipling of water, is abundantly advantageous for the co∣pious generation of this humor.

The usual evacuation of urine suppressed, or intermission of sweats, signifies that this humor is copiously cumulated in the body.

The efficient causes.

A cold and moist temper of the ventricle and liver, doth produce serous hu∣mors plentifully.

Those who are by temper melancholick abound with this humor.

The obstructions of the liver, milt, and reines, causeth abundance of this humor in the body, because it hath no free effluxion, the customary passages being blockt up.

THE EFFECTS.

Excrements.

Frequent sweats, and irrigations of the whole body, signify plenty of this humor.

They who abound with it do expel much water by spittle.

They whose blood let forth by phlebotomy, is converted for the most part into this humor, may assert by the demonstration of this signe that the whole mass of blood is infected,

Accidents.

They who being lean have a tumid abdomen, are well furnished with this serous humor.

CHAP. XIV. Of the signes of flatulency.

FLatulencies are copiously generated from crude and crass matter passed over by weak heat. The signes of them are drawn from two heads, viz. the causes and effects; the series of which the following Table will declare noted with the Letter I.

I.

• The signes shewing flatulencies are taken either from
  • The Causes
    • External [Aliments.
    • Internal [Temper of body.
  • Effects which are ei∣ther
    • Actionsanimal hurt, consisting either in—
      • Sence
        • Common [Dreams.
        • Private, in respect of
          • Touching.
          • Hearing.
      • Motion depraved.
    • Excrements.
    • Qualities.

By observing the series of this Table, we may propose these Theorems.

Chesnuts, Turneps, Rapes, Beans, Pease, and almost all sorts of pulse, produce copious flatulencies.

They whose milt is obstructed, or who are of a melancholick temper, do very much abound with flatulencies.

Dreams of light things, and of quick motion, signifie flatulencies to abound in the body.

Attensive and moveable pain, without any sense of gravity, is excited by wind.

The ears are turned to a tinckling by the eruption of flatulencies through them.

A palpitation and concussion of the parts, and oscitation and retching, shew plen∣ty of wind.

Belching, and the alarum of the belly the engineer of flatulencies, discovers them to be in the body.

A croking and rumbling of the belly, as also the sound caused by percussion of a swelling abdomen, demonstrates plenty of flatulencies.

CHAP. XV. Of the signes of the times of diseases.

THe times of diseases are by Galen termed sometimes the parts of diseases, sometimes the ages of them, sometimes the motions of the morbifick cause.

Hence it appears that the instruction of them must accompany the dia∣gnosticks of preternatural things; which is easily spun out of the mentioned heads, as by the succeeding Theorems shall appear.

Those diseases whose nature is intelligible by sense, their times also are easily

distinguished by it. So we know a Feaver to be beginning, when we perceive the heat diffused through the whole body to run in the same course it begun in, without any remarkable increase to higher inflammations. But to be then in augmentation, when the heat doth evidently grow more intense. And we know it to be then in station, when the heat remits not any of that vehemency which was left at its highest degree; and lastly to decline, when the hot distemper is in a way of mi∣tigation.

In the beginnings of diseases the injury of the actions is less considerable; in the augmentation, worse; in the station worst of all, and continues long so; but lastly in declination they are reduced to a betterment.

Excrements wholly crude, having not any appearance of coction, signifie a be∣ginning disease: but when we see some glimmerings of coction in them, the disease hastens to an increase; and when we find very great signes of coction, the disease is stated.

And lastly, absolute concoction, and melioration of the excrements, signifie a declination.

Notes

• * 1.1

  First quali∣ties.
• * 1.2

  Second quali∣ties.
• * 1.3

  Vicini∣ty.
• * 1.4

  Genus.
• * 1.5

  Office.
• * 1.6

  Situa∣tion.
• * 1.7

  Con∣nexion.
• * 1.8

  Magni∣tude.