Platerus golden practice of physick: fully and plainly discovering, I. All the kinds. II. The several causes of every disease. III. Their most proper cures, in respect to the kinds, and several causes, from whence they come. After a new, easie, and plain method; of knowing, foretelling, preventing, and curing, all diseases incident to the body of man. Full of proper observations and remedies: both of ancient and modern physitians. In three books, and five tomes, or parts. Being the fruits of one and thirty years travel: and fifty years practice of physick. By Felix Plater, chief physitian and professor in ordinary at Basil. Abdiah Cole, doctor of physick, and the liberal arts. Nich. Culpeper, gent. student in physick, and astrology.

The Cure.

The Cure is divers, as the Discoloration is either in the Eye or skin, Teeth, Hair or Nails.

The convenient Cure of Discolourations of the skin is applied first to generals and particulars.

The Cure of Generals is directed at the cause whether it be the nourishing Juyce, Choller, Blood or Seed.

That Cachexy which comes from crude and imperfect juyce, * 1.1 in which flourishing Colour is lost, and Pale∣ness is brought in, or the like, if there be a Cacochymy or evil digestion there with, and it come from the weakness of the Liver or spleen not yet confirmed, or from Obstructions; from Humors not yet fixed, is easier cured. But if this weakness of the Bowels in Sanguification, or Obstruction is fixed, then it is easily turned into Leucophlegmacy or white Dropsie, or into the Dropsie Ascites; of which two sorts of Dropsies the first is easiest cured, except some other Distemper be joyned therewith.

A Cachexy is most difficult and can scarce be cured if there be exceeding weakness of the Bowels or great Ob∣struction, coming from a hard fixed gravelly Matter, as al∣so if there be Hardness, Scirrhus or any Tumor in these parts which causeth the Dropsie Ascites it is incurable.

A Cachexy must be cured according to the cause, which we said is the weakness of the Liver, Spleen, Meseraiks, a cold or hot Distemper, an Obstruction, and hardness or Tumors in the same: which if they have been brought by any external or internal cause that must first be removed, as evil Diet: great loss of Blood, too much Venery and

the like which we know have been the Original of these Distempers, and do still nourish the same. Then the Fil∣thiness which is brought thereby must be purged: and in the mean time if it come from Weakness we must streng∣then, if from a cold or hot Distemper, we must alter that; if from an Obstruction we must open, if from a Hardness or hard Tumor we must endeavor to mollifie and dissolve it by Medicines internal and external, using those things especially which are proper for these parts affected: and are therefore called Hepatical or Splenetical Medicines or at least you must mix them with others, and add those things which strengthen the Stomach if it be weak. All these Medicines we shall reduce to two Heads, because one Medicine if compounded of divers things, may be applied to divers Causes. And under one Head, we shall lay down those things which are proper to one or more of the Causes, in Imbecillity or Weakness, in a cold Distemper, Obstruction, Hardness or hard Tumor: under the other Head we shall propound those Medicines which are fit for the cure of a Cachexy coming of a hot Distemper, because this requires a cure by it self something different from the other. We shall begin with that cure which is to be done with the Medicines under the first Head, by this way fol∣lowing.

In these kinds of cachexies, sometimes you may open a Vein, if the Liver be stopped and full; by which the blood being moved, the evil Humors in the Vessels of the Liver may with the Blood be a little abated, especially if there be a cochymy in the Blood, it will be convenient to draw it forth: and this is done in the right Arm, where the low∣est Vein is most convenient, and therefore is called the Li∣ver vein, which also may be opened in the Hand; or in the Foot if there be Suppression of the Termes; in the like Diseases of the Spleen, if there be a cacochymy also in the Veins, you must open the Vein in the left Arm, or the Sal∣vatella which is proper when the Spleen is distempered.

The opening of the Haemorrhoids is very profitable by drawing from the Meseraiks in the stoppage of the Liver, Spleen or Meseraiks, and also by letting forth the cacochy∣my or evil Juyce.

Vomiting in the Obstructions of the Liver or Spleen, is good, not only by taking away crudities, but by stirring up Nature to send them forth, and this is best and easiest after Meat.

Clysters which mollifie, provoke, and open Obstructi∣ons are to be injected, and are made of the common De∣coction with the opening Roots, red Vetches, the four great cold seeds, and dissolve therein some purging Electuaries and sometimes a quarter of a Pint of Vrine, and half an ounce of the sharpest Leaven, besides common Oyls or of Cappars and flo∣wer-de-luce.

Or you may use the Glysters mentioned in Leucophleg∣macy.

Purges are appointed in Obstructions, so Nature being moved may alwaies thrust some of the stoppinges forth; al∣so they are good in weakness of the parts, Distemper or Hardness because many Excrements are gathered. And they are made of such as purge choller or Flegm, and Me∣lancholy in the Distemper of the Spleen, because it is thought Melancholy Juyce doth abound there, and you must add such things as respect the Stomach and discuss wind, if it tend to a Leucophlegmacy or white Dropsie, or things that expel Water if it tend to the Dropsie Ascites, as is mentioned, but here these following are good for a cachexy. A Decoction proper in the Obstruction of the Liver.

Take of Liquoris Roots one ounce and an half, of Succory and Flower-de-luce Roots each one onnce, of Smalage Roots half an ounce, of Asarabacca Roots two drams, of Chamaepytis or Ground pine, Germander, Agrimony, Maiden-hair each one handsul, of Fennel seeds two drams, of Parsley and Rocket seed each one dram, of Elder-flowers one pugil, Raisons two ounces, Senna one ounce and an half, of Carthamus seeds bruised and Pelypody of the Oak each one ounce: make a Decoction in Water and the third part Wine, and infuse in the strained Liquor of Rhubarb half an ounce, Agarick three drams, Gin∣ger one dram, Spikenard half a scruple. strain it and add as much Sugar as is sufficient, and aromatize it with Cinna∣mon and Cloves for three doses.

Of the same things dry a Wine may be made by infusi∣on in four or five pints which will work better, and it will be stronger if you add Wormwood two drams, Topps of Cen∣taury one dram, Birthworth Roots and Squills prepared two drams.

Another Decoction for the Spleen.

Take of the bark Cappar Roots and Tamarisk each one ounce, macerate them in Water and the third part of Vine∣gar, Germander, Ceterach each one handful, of both the Bug∣loss-flowers and Broom flowers, each one pugil, of Fennel seeds two drams, of Park leave seeds one dram, of Raisons stoned six drams, of Polypody one ounce and an half, Senna one ounce: make a Decoction, for three doses, aromatized with Cinnamon, and sweetned with Sugar or syrup of Maiden-hair, or the like.

Or thus, Take of Capar bark one ounce, Pot Mercury, Fu∣mitory, Time, Epithimum each one handful, Broom flowers, Ta∣marisk, Rosemary, Borrage, and Bugloss flowers each one pugil, of Raisons ten pair, Sebestens five pair, Senna one ounce, Poly∣pody one ounce and an half: make a Decoction in the strain∣ed Liquor insuse Myrobalans, Chebs or others half an ounce, Rhubarb two drams, strain it and add as much Sugar as is sufficient for three doses, if the barks of the Roots of black Hellebore be added it is the better.

A plainer Decoction for the Obstructions of the Spleen is made of Mercury and Fumitory new gathered, in Whey, or Broath of an old Cock to which you may add others, you may also give the Decoction and Wine, described in the Leucophlegmacy, especially if you perceive that it tends to that.

A Potion of four scruples of Rhubarb made with Worm∣wood wine or opening water is good, or the pouder drunk with those Liquors or with Plantane water, if the Termes flow and cause a cachexy, to which you may add two oun∣ces Syrup of Roses solutive. Or give the Potion prescribed in Leucophlegmacy.

Other Potions made of altering Decoctions after to be mentioned are given, by infusing Rhubarb, Agarick and the like, and dissolving purging Electuaries for choller in the Liver and Melancholy in the Spleen.

Pills often taken being bitter and Gummy are excellent in a cachexy.

These are convenient in Obstructions and Hardness.

Take of Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in the juyce of a Flo∣wer-de-luce and pouder of Rhubarb each half a dram, with Ox∣ymcl make Pills for one dose, you may add Agarick and they will work the better.

Or these; Take Aloes two drams, Rhubarb, Aagarick and Mechoacan each one dram and an half, Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar of Squills half a dram, Mastick one scruple, Gentian and Birthwort roots, or Madder topps of Centaury two scruples, Asarum roots, Smalage seed each one scruple, Ginger and Spike each half a scruple, with the Extract or inspissat, Juyce of Wormwood, or Flower-de-luce, or Syrup Byzantine, or Turpentine: make a Mass, you may quicken it with Diagridium if you wil have it purge more.

Or thus, Take Turbith one dram and and half, Rhubarb one dram, of Gum Lack, Bdellium or Sagapen, and Mastick each one scruple, of Asarum roots, and Agnus Castus seeds each one scruple, of Schaenanth, Spikenard and Saffron each half a scrnple: mix them as the former into a Mass, and you may make them work better with Diagridium.

Or thus; Take of the best Aloes two drams, of Rhubarb and Agarick each one dram, of Scammony half a dram, of the Troches of Eupatorium or Rhubarb, or any other opening pouder each one scruple, Spikenard half a scruple, Mastick one scruple, Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar half a dram, with sy∣rup of Vinegar make a mass.

The Pills of Maudlin prescribed by Me ue are usually good, they are made of Rhubarb, Myrobalanss, Aloes, Ma∣stich,

Saffron, Juyce of Maudlin, Wormwood and Endive.

Or the Pills of Rhubarb made like those of Rhubarb, Myro∣balans, and instead of Aloes, of Hiera Picra, and Mastick, and seeds of Smalage, Fennel, Troches of Diarhodon, Juyce of Wormwood, Liquoris and Fennel water.

Also in flegmatick Men the Pills of Agarick, as in the stoppage of the Terms, which have Agarick, Turbith, Hi∣era picra, Coloquintida, Myrrh, Sarcocol, or Mastich, Orris∣root and Horehound.

Or Pills made of stronger things to all which you must add Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar, if there be a Hardness; and they may be made up with the Juyce of Or∣ris or Wormwood, they use stronger in the Spleen, of the five kinds of Myrobalans, and other things to purge Melan∣choly.

In great Obstructions these following are very efficaci∣ous. Take of Coloquintida four ounces, Extract of Tincture with spirit of Wine, to which after add the pouder of Aloes, Myrrh and black Hellebore each one ounce, let them stand in the Sun till they are as thick as Honey, then add Saffron, Cinnamon and Brimstone each one ounce, then set them again in the Sun till they are dry, then pouder them, and with Honey make a Mass, the Dose is from a half a scruple to one scruple, and to half a dram in the strongest Bodies.

These Pills are best, when the Terms also are stopped.

Take of Aloes one dram and an half, of Mirrh, Madder or Birthwort each half a dram, of Agarick and Turbith each one dram, of Gum ammoniaek dissolved in the Juyce of Flo∣wer-de-luce half a dram, with syrup of the five Roots: make a Mass, let her take them often.

If the Terms of Haemorrhoids flow too fast, make Pills thus. Take of yellow Myrobalans one dram, Rhubarb one dram and an half, of the Pouder of Diarrhodon and of the three Jaundies each half a dram, with the Juyce of red Roses, make a mass, give half a dram or more sometimes.

An Electuary in Obstructions. Take of Mechoacan three drams, Turbith one dram, Rhubarb two drams, Cinnamon one dram and an half, Ginger one dram, Spike one scruple, of the pouder of the three Sanders or the like one dram, the Pulp of Rai∣sons boiled with Sugar as much as will make an Electuary, Dia∣gridium may also be added.

Rhubarb alone four scruples in pouder with the Pulp of Rai∣sons made into a Bole is excellent for the Liver, and it is called the Soul of the Liver: some eat it.

Tablets for the same. Take of Rhubarb one dram and an half, Mechoacan one dram, Gentian one scruple, Mastich and Gum ammoniak dissolved in Wine each half a dram, Sugar dis∣solved in the best Wine, and Juyce of Flower de-luce one ounce, boil them to Lozenges, if Turbith or Diagredium be added they will purge the more

These altering Medicines which are in the cause of weak∣ness of the Liver, must be such as repair the Native heat which is lost: and such as are proper for the parts, rather temperate then hot, or cold. In Obstructions we use o∣peners and abstergents or cleansers the strongest in the Spleen, adding alwaies some things which gently bind both for the Liver and the Spleen to strengthen them, or that can open Obstructions by propriety, as Endive and Succo∣ry which open and cool, the opening Quality appears by the bitterness. To these add things against the stone if there be a suspicion of the stone in the Bladder.

For Hardness and Tumors we use Emollients, mixing also those things which dissolve and consume what is mol∣lified, or using them by turns: which Emollients, if a hard Tumor which may be converted into an Imposthume be in the parts will be also good when it is ripe. Besides these in Diseases of the Spleen, we usually mix things that dis∣cuss wind, because the spleen is easily disturbed with wind, and sometimes swoln therewith. And this Opinion was because the wind was in the Hypochondria, Stomach or Neck as I shewed, therefore if the Liver or Spleen be stop∣ped or hard, and there be wind in those parts you may mix the aforefaid. But these are given in divers forms, some∣times simple or folide, sometimes mixed.

Among the liquid things which are drunk are divers Decoctions, which are so taken or boiled into syrups and so kept for use.

We boil in Broaths the Roots and Herbs of Parsley, and Fennel, Spriggs or roots of Asparagus, Grass, Vetches, Melon∣seede and in the Spleen Purslain.

Physical Decoctions which may be taken before for pre∣paratives to Purges, or after, which open the Obstructions of the Bowels are divers as follow.

The usual Decoction which is kept in form of a syrup is of the two Roots so called, of Parsley roots and Fennel roots with Sugar.

Of the five opening Roots you may make it thus. Take of Smallage roots, or Marsh, Smallage of the Chops of Parsley roots or true Smallage, of the Chopps of Fennel roots steeped in Wine each two ounces, of Grass roots, Asparagus and Butchers Broom each one ounce: make a Decoction with Sugar or Sy∣rup.

Also thus, Take of the five opening Roots each one ounce, or Orris, Liquoris, Calamus, Elicampane each half an ounce, of Endive, Succory with the roots, Dandelion with the roots, Maudlin, Germander, Groundpine, Veronica each one hand∣ful, of Elder-flowers one pugil, of the four cold greas seeds three drams, of Endive and Purslain seed each one dram and an half, Asparags seed one dram, of Anise-seed two drams, of Fennel, Smallage and Parsley seeds one dram, of Raisons stoned one ounce and an half, of red or black Vetches one pugil: boil them in Water with the third part of Wine, especially if the Roots were not steeped in Wine, and in the strained Liquor add Sugar as much as will sweeten, for some doses, and aro∣matize it with Cinnamon one dram, Spike and Shaenanth, each half a dram: make an Apozem, or boil it to a syrup with more sugar and keep it for use.

This will be better for the spleen, if you add to some or all the aforesaid; Barks of Cappars, Tamarisk, or Ash, scraped from the outside each one ounce, of Asarum and Mad∣der roots half an ounce, of Maiden-hair or Goldylocks, Ceterach, Dodder, both Buglosses, Fumitory, Hops each one handful, the Flowers of both Buglosses, Tamarisk, Broom each one pugil, of Agnus Caslus seed or Rue, one dram: mix them with the rest for a Decoction when we will open more violently we use bitter things, as Birthwort roots, Squills prepared, Worm∣wood, Horehound, Topps of Centaury.

If the stomach be also weak, or windy, you may add the roots of Masterwort, Calaminth, Mints, Marjoram, Rosema∣ry, Polymountain, Canuaseeds, Cummin, Bay-berries, also Mastich.

The Decoction of the roots of Fern, Rhapontick, Eryngus, Valcrian, Chamaelion, Carduus, Osiers, five leave Grass, Wild∣sage, Alkanet, Lovage, Water-lillies, also the herbs of St. Johns-wort, Scordium, Mousear, Burnet, Dropwort, with the roots, Pine leaves, Capar seeds, Woodhine, Spurgewort, square Parsley, Rocket, of which one or more may be boiled or mixed with the former Decoctions.

If there be fear of a Dropsie, add Ivy-berries, Gum Lac and things that purge water, as shall be shewed in the Dropsie.

In Hardness and Scirrhus the same things are good ad∣ding some sostners, as Althea roots, Mallows, Violets, Figs, Chamomel and Melitot flowers and the like.

Some syrups are made of the Juyces of Plants, as of sharpe Juyces, when there is heat, and Drought, syrups of Sorrel, and Vinegar, made of Vinegar water and sugar.

The simple Oxymel is made of Vinegar, Honey and Water, the Oxymel of Squills of vinegar of Squills, Oxysaccharum is made of Pomegranate Juyce, Vinegar and Sugar.

These Syrups are in use which are compounded of the Decoctions and Juyces which are sharp.

That of the five roots of Mesue. Take of the Decoction of the five opening roots, Sugar and Vinegar.

Oxymel simple is made of Vinegar, Honey and Water, and compound of the Decoction of Smallage, Parsley, Fennel, But∣chers broom, Asparagus roots, of Smallage, Fennel and Parsley seeds.

The Oxymel that provokes Ʋrine. Take besides the Vinegar, Honey, the Decoction of the roots of Smallage, Parsley, Fennel, Raddish, Asarum, Lovage, Broom flowers, seeds of Fennel, Parsley, Asparagus, Butchers broom, Coriander, Cummin.

The Compound Oxysaccharum of Nicolas is made of the juyce of Pomegranates, in which are infused roots of Fennel, Aspara∣gus, Butchers broom, Grass, Maiden-hair, Harts Tongue, Gol∣den locks, Ceterach, Liver-wort, Violets.

Compound acetosus or syrup of Vinegar is, Take Vinegar-water and sugar, which is the simple, and besides these roots of Fennel, Smallage, Endive, Anise seeds, Fennel-seeds, Smal∣lage and Endive, some add the Juyce of Endive, Smallage, Liquoris, Roses and Spike.

The Byzantine syrup Compound of Mesue is, Take of the aforesaid syrup of Vinegar with Anise seed, Fennel and Smal∣lage seed, Juyce of Endive, Smallage, Liquoris, Roses, Spike and Juyce of Hops and Bugloss.

The usual syrups are made of bitter Juyces of Endive, and Juyce thereof boiled with sugar.

Of Fumitory simple, with the Juyce thereof and sugar, of Hops, of the juyce of them, of Fumitory and sugar.

Byzantine simple of Mesue, is made with the juyce of Endive, Smallage, Hops, Bugloss and sugar.

In like manner other Syrups may be made of Juyces and named from them, as of the Juyce of Smallage, Parsley, Fen∣nel, Maudlin, and other openers proper for the Bowels.

The syrup of the juyce of Water cresses, and Brook-lime aro∣matized with Saffron and Cinnamon and made sharp with a lit∣tle Rose-vinegar, is excellent to open Obstructions.

Simples Compound of Juyces and Decoctions are these in use, the three first for the Obstructions of the Liver, the three last for the spleen, the two last purge.

The Compound syrup of Endive is made of the Decoction of wild and garden Endive, Liver-wort, Bugloss, Lettice, Maud∣lin, Balm, Cordial flowers, great cold seeds, white and red San∣ders, the juyce of Endive, Pomegranates and sugar.

The syrup of Succory with Rhubarb and its Correctives, of Spikenard, of Nicholas is made of the Decoction of wild and garden Endive, Succory, Dandelion, Sow Thistle, Liver-wort, Lettice, Fumitory, Hops, Maiden-hair, Alkekengi or winter Cherry, Ceterach, Fennel, Smallage and Asparagus roots, Barley and sugar.

The syrup of Eupatorium Mesue with Rhubarb is thus made. Take of the Roots of Smallage, Fennel, Endive, Liquoris, white Thorn, Rhubarb, Asarum, Dodder, Wormwood, Maiden∣hair, Eupatorium or Maudlin, Flowers of Roses, Bugloss, seeds of Annise, Fennel, Schaenanth, Spike, Mace, Mastich, juyce of Smallage and Endive.

Syrup of Harts Tongue is made of the Decoction of Harts-tongue, both Endives, Liverwort, Dodder, Wormwood, Mai∣den-hair, Flowers of both Buglosses, Roots of Fennel, Parsley, Butchers broom, the great cold seeds, Mace, Spike, Cassia Lig∣nea, Gum Lac and sugar.

The Compound syrup of Fumitory is made of the Juyce of Fu∣mitory, the Decoction of Myrobolans, and sugar, Dodder, Wormwood, Violets, this is called the lesser syrup. To the greater they add purging things, Epithimum, Polypody, Ta∣marinds, Prunes, Raisons, Liquoris, Flowers of both Buglosses, Roses, and pulp of Cassia,

The syrup of Epithimum of Mesue is made of the same things with Fumitory, the greater, except Cassia, adding Agarick, Time, Calamints, French Lavender, Anise seed, Fennel seeds and Sapa, or boiled Wine.

Some Juyces may be strained and drunk crude, but they are better in syrups.

Wine also if clear and thin, easily makes way and opens Obstructions.

These are very good Physical Wines by infusion or ma∣ceration of some things with a little boyling in a double Vessel, as of Wormwood, some steep it in a little Aqua vitae to take away the Bitterness, or burn the Aqua vitae so steeped and quench it again before the strength is gone.

Tinctures of spirit of Wine and Aqua vitae are made also of Zed••a••y, Masterwort, and Saffron, which altogether or alone are given with good success, or make this.

Take of Succory, Smallage, Orris each one ounce, of Worm∣wood two drams, of Groundpine, Germander, Maudlin, Mar∣joram each one dram, of Fennel seed one dram and an half, of Parsley seed one dram, to these being dryed and cut add five pints of Wine.

And if you will have it for the spleen; Take the barks of Capar Roots, the Middle Rinde of Tamarisk, Ash, and El∣der each six drams, of Ceterach, Broom flowers, and Elder flow∣ers, and Agnus Castus seeds each one dram: they may be steept in Vinegar before they are put to the rest, or you may add Vinegar to the Wine in the Decoction.

It will be better though very bitter, if you add of the tops of the lesser Centaury one dram, or of Gentian or Birthworth Roots two drams, of Asarum Roots one dram, or as much of Squills prepared.

You may also add other things mentioned in the Deco∣ctions, as Roots of Rhapontick, Fern, Valerian, the bark of an Ash, Madder, Calamus, and the like; which being dry keep their Vertue, or you may make Wine of these only.

Wine of Raysons is said by a Propriety to help the Li∣ver, and strengthen it being weak, and this doth resemble in part the Colour and Tast of sweet Wine. Take of the smaler Raysons five pound, of Cinnamon bruised two ounces, put them into a Vessel and pour upon them ten measures of boyling hot Water, stop it up till it work, to this you may add the opening Roots that are not unpleasant in tast.

Like to this is made an excellent Drink to open Obstru∣ctions of Juniper-berries, and Juniper Chipps, to which if Cur∣rance be added it will be better.

Wine of Steel in which steel was quenched, is of the like Vertue, and is chiefly for the spleen, or which is best. Take half an ounce of Steel prepared with Vinegar, infuse it in three or four pints of Wine: or if the Pouder of steel be added to the aforesaid Physick Wines.

It is thought that if you drink Wine that hath been infu∣sed sometimes in a cup made of Tamarisk or of Ash, it will open Obstructions, especially of the spleen.

Distilled waters of Smallage, Wormwood, Centaury the less, Gentian Roots, and of other the like are good either of themselves, or to drink after an Electuary.

The Chymists say, that a water distilled from Vitriol and Tartar and a double quantity of Flints calcined to Pouder, and burried in a cave till they are dissolved, if it be thrice cast upon the Ingredients and distilled, a spoonful will o∣pen Obstructions in the Dropsie to admiration.

Spirit of Tartar and of Salt is highly commended for old Obstructions.

Oyl of sweet Almonds if drunk doth mollifie the Hard∣ness of the Bowels, and of bitter Almonds (which also o∣pens Obstructions) also Oyl of Olives, Lineseed, Sesamine, bastard Saffron.

Other Liquors drunk which are made by infusion as Lyes or Lixivia, such as are mentioned in the Dropsie As∣cites, by piercing and clensing take away Obstructions.

The Urine of a Man drunk by clensing and piercing, o∣pens Obstructions, as we said Lyes do.

Also water wherein steel or Iron is quenched as we said of steel wine.

Sharpe Vitriol waters which are Natural, if drunk cure old cachexyes, and this is usual, and is the reason why people flocks so much unto them; drinking them fasting Morning and Evening to twenty or thirty daies, rising e∣very day a pint till they have drunk a Gallon at once if pos∣sible; by the use of which either they purge much black Matter; or if they exercise presently after they sweat much: which sweats not only that water drunk causeth cure, it frees from Obstructions, being piercing by its sharpness and gets into the Meseraiks and the Vessels of the Bowels, and carryes the Filth thereof by stool, the thinner part by Urin and sweat.

Of Meats and Sauces, that bread is best which is made with Parsley seeds and Eggs, or Rosemary, or Fennel seed, herbs, made into Sallets of the same being boyled, with Butter and Vi∣negar,

among the which Beets with Mustard and Vinegar is chiefly commended, Water, Parsley and Fennel Roots, the Spriggs of Asparagus, and the smalest Crops of the black Vine boiled and eaten are the like.

Pickled Cappars are used most for the Spleen.

And bitter Almonds often eaten: boiled Orobut and Lu∣pines with Rue and Pepper, as Dioscorides.

The often use of Raysons are so proper for the Liver, that they are said to make people fat, by increasing of Blood; albeit other sweet things are hurtful to the Liver, and make it swell.

The Liver of a Wolf, Hare, Goose and Snails are also commended.

These Conserves are commended of Succory, of Flowers and Roots of Smallage, of Flower-de-luce Roots, the Roots and Flowers of Capilar Herbs, of Wormwood, Iringus Roots, of Va∣lerian, Sea Wormwood Leaves, the Roots of Elicampane, Broom, Elder, Dwarf-elder, and Flowers of Tamarisk.

The Juyce of Elder, Dwarf-elder, and of Juniper Berries in the form of a thick Juyce, are given either alone, or with Electuaries, they are made by Decoction of the Juyce from divers Plants, as of Wormwood, Juyce of Flower-de-luce, and the like of Rhapontick, and juyce of Sowbread, these are good when the Bowels are hard.

There are divers Pouders, some whereof which are strongest, are taken alone with Wine or other Liquor, are put into other Compositions, and are sometimes made in∣to Troches; of the simple Plants as of Fern Roots, Cappar Roots, Rhapontick, Birthwort, Ceterach, Dodder, Topps of Centaury, Wormwood.

Some sorts of Plants are good, as of Wormwood, Tama∣risk, Broom, Agrimony and the like.

Pouders made of the parts of Beasts, are thought to be good to strengthen the Liver and Spleen, as the Entralls of Cocks and Wolves, first washed in wine, and dryed in an Oven, till fit to be poudered; or burnt to pouder, and made into an Antispodium, and given in wine or water or any convenient Liquor, or with Cinnamon or other Spices, or with Diamber, Diamoscu, and Sugar of Roses, or let them be given with Con∣serves. The inward skin of Hens Gizards so poudered is excel∣lent, mixed with the ashes of Crabs.

The Liver of a Wolf poudered is accounted a proper Medi∣cine for the Liver; and of a Hare.

The Milt of a Horse and of a Wolf, is the same.

The ashes of Cockles are good for the Spleen, with the Pou∣der of Linseed and Nettle seed, Goose Dung, Peacocks Dung, dryed, to which they put other things that they may not be known.

The Pouder of Steel infused in Vinegar or Wine, and Vine∣gar, with Sugar and Cinnamon, is excellent in Obstructions es∣pecially of the Spleen; with Sugar, Cinnamon and Gooss dung, also the Pouder of steel from a Grindstone is excellent because it is finer: or if it be washed with Aqua fortis and brought into ve∣ry fine, yellow Pouder called Crocus Martis, but it must be often washed to take away the force of the Aqua fortis.

If the Steel pouder be steeped in strong Vinegar, or Juyce of Lemmons, till it be turned to rust, this is the best; or those seales which fall from a Gad of steel quenched in Vinegar.

Mathiolus commends the Quintessence of Iron.

Dioscorides commends the Cyprus whetstone and the Foam of the Sea hardned, also Coral.

The usual Compound Pouders of which Troches are made or Electuaries; are the Pouders of the Troches of roses of Mesue or Galen. Also Nicolas his pouder of Saffron, of Wormwood of Mesue, of Rhubarb of Actuarius, of Agrimony of Mesue and Actuarius, of Capars of Mesue and of Harts-tongue and Lacca; and these Species for Electuaries, as Dialac∣ca, the greater, of Mesue, and the lesser, and both Diacurcumas.

Of these Pouders are made by taking those which are most for the purpose, and are given either with Liquor or made into Lozenges, to be kept with Sack, Juyce of Agri∣mony, Wormwood or Fennel, or Endive or Syrups, or with Su∣gar or Honey made into Electuaries, these Pouders are made as followeth.

The first. Take of red Roses, two drams, of Wormwood one dram, of Cinnamon or Cassia Lignea two scruples, of Spike and Schaenanth each one scruple, of Mastich half a dram.

Instead of this you may give the Troches of Roses accord∣ing to Mesue, they have the same things and are made up with syrup of Agrimony.

It will be better with one scruple of Myrrhe, and half a scruple of Saffron, of which Galen makes his Troches of Ro∣ses and Schaenanth. And Nicholas makes his Troches of Saf∣fron after this manner.

The second is; Take of Rhubarb two drams, of Asarum Roots and Madder each half a dram, of sea Wormwood, or com∣mon Wormwood one dram, of red Roses two scruples, Annise seed one dram, Smallage seed half a dram, Spikenard one scruple: make a Pouder.

Of these are made that Troches of Rhubarb, of Mesue, with bitter Almonds, and Juyce of Wormwood or Fennel, or Dodder water, or the Troches of Wormwood according to Mesue which are like the Troches of Rhubarb, only they want Dodder Roots, and have Mastich, and Mace, and are made up with the Juyce of Endive, or the Troches of Agrimony, which have Rhubarb, Asarum, Roses and Annis seeds as the former, and have besides burnt Ivory, or Spodium and Manna, made up with the syrup of Agrimony.

The third is; Take of Gum Lac one dram and an half, Mastich, Bdellium or Myrrh, each half a dram, Rhubarb one dram, Madder roots, and Asarum roots each half a dram, and Birthwort and Gentian each one scruple, of Annise seed and Fennel each one dram, of Smallage and Annise seed each half a dram, of Saffron one scruple, of Cinnamon or Cassia Lignea half a dram, of Spike and Schaenanth each half a scruple: make a Pouder.

The Composition of Dialacca major Mesue hath the same things and besides Costus, Savin, Hysop, bitter Almonds, Pepper, Ginger, and may be used instead of the other. And they are made into an Electuary with Juyce of Wormwood or Agrimony, and Honey. There is a less Dialacea made on∣ly of Lac, Myrrh, Bdellium, Rhubarb, Costus, Madder, Birth∣wort, Liquorish, Saffron, Schaenanth or sweet Rush, Pepper and Honey, and the Troches of Lacca by Mesue are made of Lac and Rhubarb, and a few other Ingredients. And we use these lesser Compositions safer then the great, bycause it is too hot by reason of the species; yet it is good in Drop∣sies.

There is also another Composition good in a Dropsie called Diacurcuma Mesues or Diacrocuma, because it hath great store of Saffron, that it may be better against the Ob∣structions of the Liver, especially of the Gall in the Jaun∣dies, which Saffron doth open. This is very proper which hath somthings like Dialacca, as Saffron, Rhubarb, Asarum, Costus, Madder, Anise, and Smallage seed, Spike, Schaenanth, Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon, Myrrh, and besides Spignel, Vale∣rian, Calaminth, Scordium, Ceterach, Parsley seed, Carrot seed, Juniper-berries, Carpobalsamum, Traganth, Opopanax, Juyce of Liquorish, Wormwood and Agrimony, made into an Ele∣ctuary.

The lesser Diacurcuma is made only of Saffron, Myrrh, Co∣stus, schaenanth, Cassia, Cinnamon and Honey.

The fourth Pouder, most proper for the spleen is this. Take of Capar roots three drams, of round Birthwort one dram, of Gentian half a dram, Ceterach one dram and an half, of Broom stowers, half a dram, Agnus Castus seeds one dram, Rue seed half a dram, of Gum Ammaniack one dram; which infused in Vinegar will make them into Troches.

Instead of this use Troches de scolopendrio that is of Harts-tongue, which have the same, or the Troches of Capars ac∣cording to Mesue which have also Acorus, Cummin, Cala∣minth, Nigella seeds, and of Water-cresses, bitter Almonds, Juyce of Agrimony.

Of these and other Pouders for the Liver and spleen, you may make others by adding of other Ingredients as, Take of some of the former for your turn, one dram and an half of the species of the three Saunders or Diarhoden one dram, or in∣stead of it of the three saunders half a dram, of the four less cold seeds one scruple, of Ivy berries two scruples, of the ashes of the

Guts of a Cock or of a Wolf one scruple, Cinnamon half a dram: make a Pouder, give it alone or with Sugar; or in Lozen∣ges, with Sugar dissolved in Wormwood water, or Dodder wa∣ter.

I cannot pass by my cachectick Pouder by reason of the happy success it hath had in the evil Habite of Infants ac∣companied with a gentle Feaver, it is usual given by the shops: it is'as followeth.

Take of the Roots, and cleansed seeds of Piony, one dram, of red Roses half a dram, of Nutmeg a little torrified two scruples, of Bay-berries a little dryed by the fire half a dram, of Spike and Schaenanth, and Saffron each one scruple, of the skins of Hens Gizards prepared one dram, of opening Crocus martis one dram and an half, of the best Cinnamon one scruple: make a fine Pouder.

The Troches of Myrrh open Obstructions and provoke the Terms, they are given alone or with other Pouders.

To these, when the stomach is distempered you may add the species of Diagalangal, Diacalaminth, and to strengthen it, Diambra.

Of these, Liquors, and Pouders and the like are made Potions, Electuaries and Pills.

Potions are made like Juleps by mixing syrups with wa∣ters, baths to prepare before purging and to alter, as of Suc∣cory, Endive, Liver-wort, Agrimony, Dodder, Hops, Fumito∣ry, both Buglosses, Tamarisk in the spleen.

If there be any heat and thirst give this Julep.

Take of spring Water three pints, to these add stilled waters and one quarter of a pint of Pomegranate wine, of white wine vi∣negar two ounces, of Sugar or Honey three quarters of a pound clarifie it for use: and you may boil them a little.

Or make this Julep. Take some Juyces of the aforesaid Herbs one ounce and an half, of the distilled water of the same twice as much add Sugar to clarifie and Cinnamon to aromatize it, and you may put sharp Wine thereto.

The milk like Potion made of Turpentine, or Rosin of the La∣rix-tree, or Fir-tree one or two drams dissolved in white wine, and the Yolk of an Egg, doth not only clense the Reins, but opens the Liver and Spleen, and purgeth the Belly.

There are Divers Electuaries for the same as,

In the Obstruction and Weakness of the Liver; Take of the Conserve of Succory flowers, and the candied Roots of the same each one ounce and an half, of the Conserve of candied Roots of Smallage one ounce, of the pulp of Raisons, boyled a little, two ounces of the species of the three Saunders one scruple: make an Electuary.

If you fear a Dropsie; Take of the conserve of Succory flo∣wers one ounce and an half, Conserve of Smallage roots, one ounce, Conserve of Broom flowers half an ounce, the boiled juyce of Danwort or Elder one ounce, of bitter Almonds six drams, of Melon seeds cleansed one dram, of the pulp of Raisons one ounce and an half, of Ivory, and Harts-horn shavings half a dram, Asarum roots two scruples, of Spike, and of the ashes of the in∣testines of a Cock, or Wolf or of Earth worms each one scruple, of syrup of Wormwood six drams: mix them for an Electua∣ry.

In the Distemper of the spleen.

Take Conserve of Maiden-hair, Ceterach, and of flowers of Tamarisk each one ounce and an half, conserve of Broom flowers one ounce, the Bark of Capar Roots one dram, Purslain, and Agnus castus seeds each half a dram, with the syrup of the five opening Roots, make an Electuary; you may add half a dram of the Pouder of steel, and after let some water be drunk that is good against the spleen.

There is another called the Cyphoides of Androchus pro∣per against the Weakness of the Liver, it may be called the Electuary of Raisons made of Raisons, Bdellium, Myrrh, Tur∣pentine, Honey, Wine, Calamus, aspalaton, Cassia, Cinnamon, Schaenanth, Spike, Saffron, and some by adding seeds of Hen∣bane, and Opium, make an Opiate thereof.

We make an Electuary of Raisons like it, thus; Take a quarter of a pound of stoned Raisons, boil them in wine adding three ounces of Honey, then beat them to a Pulp, and add the pouder of Calamus, Cinnamon, Cassia each one dram and an half, Spike and Schaenanth each half a dram, of Saffron one scruple: make an Electuary.

The Confection of Raved sene of Mesue, is good against Obstructions; it is made of Rhubarb, Juyce of Wormwood, Agrimony, bitter Almonds, Fumitory, Anise seed, Smallage seed, Spike, Saffron, Cassia Lignea, Schaenanth, Myrrh and Honey.

Also this Decoction of Mesue made of Costus, Birthwort, Rhubarb, Asarum, Cassia Ligna, Cinnamon, Smallage and Anise seed, Schaenanth, Myrrh, Saffron and sugar.

The Electuary of Pouder of steel by Rhasis is good in the spleen of Myrobalans, and prepared steel, Fankincense, Spike, Schae∣nanth, Ammi, Honey, Ginger Pepper.

Pills may be made of the Pouders that are unpleasant and so swallowed or a in ••olus.

Or thus, Take of the Liver of a Wolf prepared one dram, of the ashes of the Guts of a Wolf, or Cock half a scruple, of dry∣ed Goose, or Pigeons Dung one scruple, with the Juyce of worm∣wood: make a Mass.

Let him take it often, you may add the Pouder of steel.

You may make Extracts of bitter Juyce and so swallow them, or rowl them in Pouders if too soft, thus, Take of the Extract or inspissate Juyce of Gentian roots, or of the Topps of Centaury the less, and of Wormwood: mix them with the Pouders of Asarum roots, half a dram, of Smallage and Parsley seeds each one dram, of Spike and Schaenanth each one scruple.

When there is Hardness of the Bowels or an Obstructi∣on half a dram of Ammoniacum or two scruples dissolved in Oxymel, or Vinegar of Squills, or Juyce of Flower-de luce, or Briony, is an excellent Bolus.

You may mix other things therewith as, Take of Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Juyce of Flower-de-luce one dram, of the Pouder of Fern root half a dram, of Leaves of Ceterach and Agnus Castus seed, each one scruple, of steel prepared half a dram, of a Wolfes Liver prepared one scruple, with Oxymel or the Gall of a Bear, (which doth excellently dissolve Hard∣ness) make a Mass of Pills, give two scruples at a time.

Other Gums given as the former do the same thing as Galbanum, Bdellium, Sagapen, and Pine Gum, also Lacca when the Cachexy tendeth to a Dropsie, taken with Opo∣panax.

In Obstructions of the Spleen, Take of Pine Gum half a dram, of Misletoe of the Oak one scruple, with wax make Pills.

Mastich, Myrrh, Storax are given also with other things also Asphaltum or true Bitumen, and Get.

Or these Pills may be used rather then the bitter Elect∣uary. Take of Myrrh and Bdellium each two drams, Saffron half a dram, Spike and Schaenanth each one scruple, with Tur∣pentine make Pills.

Outwardly, if the Cachexy comes from the weakness of Liver or Spleen, or from their Hardness, you must apply Medicines to the Hypochondria under the sides, if the Li∣ver be worst to the right side, if the Spleen to the left, more backward because the Spleen lyes under the stomach and more upward because the left kidney lies under the spleen; sometimes to the whole Belly if the stoppage be in the Me∣seraiks, or if the Glanduls of the Mesentery be hardned, they must be such things that will dissolve Obstructions by attenuating and cutting, or if there be Hardness you must first mollifie, then discuss, choosing the strongest if the spleen be distempered, because the substance of it is more com∣pact; adding somthing proper to strengthen, by gentle a∣striction: and if there be wind, which is most usual in the left side, from the stomach rather then the spleen whose sub∣stance cannot be filled with wind, you must use things that discuss it, and strengthen the weak stomach, for which there are divers usual Remedies.

There are divers Oyntments especially in the Obstru∣ctions of the Liver. Take Oyl of bitter Almonds, and of Spike, each one ounce and an half, Oyl of Wall-flowers one ounce Oyl of Roses or Mastich half an ounce, Juyce of Smal∣lage, Parsley and Vinegar each half an ounce: boyl them till the Juyce be consumed, add Asarum Roots, Smallage or Par∣sley seeds each one dram, of all the Sanders half a dram, of Spike

and Schaenanth each a scruple: you may add Pouder of Cy∣press Roots, or red Roses, and as much Wax as will make ••n Oyntment.

The Oyl in which the Liver of a Wolf fliced hath been hoiled, used to the Liver side doth strengthen it, and help its Sanguification, and an Oyl made of the Liver of thorn black or scale Fish doth the same.

In the Obstruction of the spleen make it thus, Take of Oyl of Capars two ounces, of Wormwood and bitter Almonds or Peach kernels, Juyce of Danwort and strong Vinegar each one ounce, of the Pouder of Birthwort Roots, Asarum and Ag∣nus Castus seeds each half a dram, of both Spikes each one scru∣ple, of Wax as much as will make an Oyntment.

Or boil them in two parts of common Oyl and one part of Wine, and half a part of Vinegar, the flowers or leaves of Ta∣marick, Capar Roots, Gentian, and Ceterach, and make an Oyntment.

In the Scirrhus especially in the Liver, Take of Oyl of Lillies, Flower-de-luce each two ounces, Oyl of sweet Almonds, Chamomil, Dill or of Melilot each one ounce and an half, of Hens or Ducks Grease, the Marrow of a Calf or Deers shank each one ounce, of the Juyce of Flower de luce two ounces, of the Juyce of Smallage, or Parsley one ounce, of Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar six drams, boil them till the Juyce he con∣sumed, and add the Pouder of Sowbread and Briony Roots each one dram, of Asarum Roots, half a dram, of Spike one scruple, of Wax as much as will make a Liniment.

That Oyl wherein the Roots of wild Cowcumbers, Briony, Sowbread, Lillies have boiled with a little Wine and Vinegar is excellent.

If the Spleen be hard, Take Oyl of Flower-de-luce three ounces, of Capars one ounce and an half, Juyce of Mercury, Danwort, or Elder and Vinegar each one ounce, of Gum Am∣moniack dissolved in Aqua vitae, Bdellium and Galbanum each six drams, of Opopanax half an ounce: boil them till the Juyces be consumed, add the Pouder of wild Cowcumber Roots, of Sowbread Roots, each one dram, of Asarum Roots half a dram, of Wax as much as will make an Ʋnguent.

Or, Take of Sowbread Roots one ounce, of Briony Roots half an ounce, of Capar Roots two drams, of Asarum Roots one dram, of Spike half a dram, of Bay-berries two drams: bruise and boil them in equal parts of Wine and Vinegar, Take of this Oyl four ounces, of the Mucilage of Line seed and Faenu∣greek seed each one ounce, of Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Aqua vitae one ounce, of Liquid Storax one dram, of Hens Grease one ounce, of Wax as much as will make an Unguent.

The Emplaster of Ammoniacum with other Gums, dissolved in strong Vinegar, and applyed hot to the Spleen, doth mol∣lifie the Hardness of it, and with a little Oyl of Spike it pierceth better.

The usual Oyntments for hard Bowels, and Emplasters are the Oyntment of Marsh-mallows, the Emplasters of Melilot, these will be stronger if the aforesaid Gums be ad∣ded. also the Emplaster Diachylon with the Flower-de-luce, Oyl and Gums, Ceronium, and Polyarchon, Galeni.

Cataplasmes are used chiefly for the Hardness of the Spleen, which when we will have them soften exceeding∣ly; we make of Lilly Roots, Onions, Garlick, Squills, Bri∣ony, Sowbread, dragons, Flower-de-luce, Raddish, Line-seed, Foenugreek, Colewort leaves, Ivy, Wormwood, Centaury, El∣der flowers, Melilot, Chamomil, Figs, Raisons, boiled in Wine, Vinegar and Oyl, with Meal of Vetches and Lupines, and for the spleen, Capar Roots, Ceterach, Tamarisk; and when we discuss, Wood, Arsmart, wild Germander, Dogs Tongue, Nettles, Penny-royal: boil them all in Vinegar and Oyl, and beat them up with the Meal of Lupines.

The Root of Mandrake boiled in Oyl of Line-seed, and of sweet Almonds and Vinegar is an excellent Remedy, and Hemlock, and Henbane so applyed, also Lilly Roots so boyl∣ed and beaten, to which you may put proper Gums, Oyls and Pouders.

The Spleen of a Fox or Goat applyed to the Spleen ei∣ther whole or bruised, is thought good. The Blood which comes from the Vein behind the Ears doth cure the spleen, say the Antients.

The Grindstone or Fire stone or other hard flinty stone red hot, and quenched in sharp Vinegar, and wrapt in cloaths, if applyed often to the spleen will mollifie it; or if the vapor that riseth from the same being sprinkled with Vinegar be taken into the cloaths and applyed to the side, it will do the like.

The stone called Asius or eat-flesh mixed with Quick∣lime and Vinegar is commended by Dioscorides to be ap∣to the spleen for stoppage of the Liver: we make Fomen∣tations thus, Take Wormwood, Agrimony, Topps of Cen∣taury each one handful, of Asarum Roots half an ounce, of all Sanders thirteen drams, of Spikenard and Schaenanth, each one dram, of Small age seed and Dodder, each one dram and an half, make a Decoction in equal parts of wine and water for a Fomentation.

For the spleen stopped, we make Decoctions of Water, Wine and Vinegar, of Capar Roots, Ash Bark and Tama∣risk, Elder, Wormwood, Ceterach, Dodder, Chamomel and Broom flowers, Tamarisk and Elder flowers, Purslain seeds, Agnus Castus, Fennel and Small age seeds, adding a little Cypress root, Spike and Schaenanth, and the Juyce of Smallage.

For Hardness and Schirrus we make Decoctions in wine, water and Vinegar, or Tripe Broath, of these Plants, Marsh-mallow roots, Lillies, Briony, Flower de-luce, Alheale, Elm, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Herb Robert, Horehound, Worm∣wood, Chamomil and Melilot flowers, Dill, Elder, Violets Lin∣seed and Foenugreek, Figs and Raisons, with Roots of Asarum and Spike, and if you must mollifie more the Roots of wild Cowcumber, Sowbread, Mandrakes, if discuss more, Cala∣minth, Penny-royal, Organ, Balm, Time, Staechas or French-Lavender flowers, or Lavender, if it be in the spleen, you must mix some of the former Fomentation, which is better, with Juyce of Briony, or Flower-de-luce.

Fomentations made for the spleen to soften it of the juyce of Sowbread, wild Cowcumber, Smallage and Oyt of bitter Al∣monds, or of Capars, with wine and Vinegar, either very sharp or of Squills.

Or if you quench Marcasites in Vinegar and wet in a cloath or piece of a hat therein and apply it to the spleen it is excellent.

Epithems are good for the stoppage and hardness of the Liver and spleen thus, Take of Endive and of Succory wa∣ter three ounces, of Smallage water two ounces, of VVormwood water, Topps of Centaury or Gentian roots each one ounce, Vi∣negar of Rose two ounces, all the Sanders one dram, Asarum roots half a dram, Spike, Schaenanth each one scruple.

You may make baggs of the same and so soment.

They must keep a good Diet, beware of Pease, hard, and crude Meates, summer Fruits too much cold Water, especi∣ally if the Cachexy came from thence, and also from varie∣ty of Meates; their Meat must be seasoned with things that help concoction, prescribed in the weakness of the sto∣mach, in regard the second Concoction doth not mend the faults of the first, and the Meat must be boiled and stuffed with things that open and cleanse, mentioned in the Ca∣chexy, among which sugar is good not only for sweetness, but cleansing, and to be commended for one singular pro∣priety which few observe, that is the resisting of Putrefacti∣on. If it arise from a hot which will cause a dry Distem∣per in the Liver or spleen, which will easily turn to the Dropsie Ascites, you must prevent it by strengthening the Liver, and use Remedies inwardly and outwardly to open Obstructions, with things that by cooling do strengthen, especially the Liver, least they be hurt with too cold things therefore things that are hot and a sittle astringent and do preserve the strength of the Bowels as Spike, Wormwood are to be mixed with the cold, and if there be Obstructions we use opening and ceansing means. But if now the Bow∣els being hard and cleft, and the Dropsie is fixed then you must proceed to cure it as we shewed in the Hydrops As∣cites, but before you must cure the Cachexy thus,

If there be aboundance of Excrements you must purge Choller especially with Rhubarb and things that inflame not the Liver choosing those things which are mentioned in the first causes of a Cachexy.

For Alteration they boyl in Broath, Endive, Divels bit, Succory, Lettice, sow thistle, or let them be eaten boiled in sa∣lets, let them eat sharp Fruits boiled, or season them in Meate with the Juyce, as Juyce of Pomegranates which af∣ter working is called Pomegranate wine, or the Juyce of cur∣rance, Barberries, Grapes, Lemmons, Citrons &c.

Let the ordinary Drink be thin, white Wine dashed with boiled water, or if there be great thirst let them drink wa∣ter, in which Vinegar or sharpe Juyce is mixed. The De∣coction of Succory roots, is used instead of Drink, either alone or mixed with wine: as also the Decoction of the Roots of sorrel, Fern, and Grass, by themselves or with wine, which if they are made sharpe with a little spirit of Vitriol or salt, will be more pleasant and effectual,

This Julep is to be taken sometimes, Take of sharpe Juyces one or more one quarter of a pint, Juyce of Endive two ounces, Vinegar one ounce, Rose-water two ounces, sugar as much as is sufficient boil it into the form of a Julep, some add a little Camphire, which doth good rather by penetra∣tion then refrigeration.

A Physical Decoction is thus made. Take of Endive one handful, of sorrel, Lettice, Maiden-hair, each half an handful, Tamarinds one ounce, of sharp Prunes twelve, of the seeds of Purslan, Endive, and Dodder each one dram, of the four great cold seeds two drams, of Barbery seeds one dram and an half, of Roses and Violets each one pugil: boil them in water, adding two ounces of Rose Vinegar, and when it is strained put to it some syrup of the aforesaid Herbs, and as much sugar as is sufficient, and when you will make the Body loose, put Manna or Rhubarb thereunto.

The usual syrups are of Endive and succory simple and com∣pound, and sharpe syrups of Vinegar, which were prescribed in the Cure of the former cachexy, to which for cooling, you may add the syrup of the Juyce of Citrons, of Lemmons, Pomegranates and the like, as the Violets, Purslain, Water∣lillies, and other of the Juyce of Currance, Barberries and other sharp Juyces.

Waters must be mixed with the syrups, as of Endive, suc∣cory, Liver-wort, Dodder, with which to strengthen the bo∣wels we mix water of Agrimony and Wormwood.

Pouders of species, which are given by themselves, or in Troches, Lozenges, Electuaries, Pills may be used as fol∣loweth, of which this is excellent to open Obstructions. Take of red and white sanders, each one dram, of yellow san∣ders half a dram, of red Rose leaves two drams, of Violets half a dram, of the four great cold seeds one dram and an half, of Pur∣slain and Endive seed each half a dram, of Antispodium, of Ivo∣ryshavings two drams: make a pouder and with Gum Tra∣ganth dissolved in Rose-water or Juyce of Barberries make Tro∣ches,

If you add Rhubarb and Camphire it will be like Diatri∣ansantalon Nicolai; which hath besides the things herein, Juyce of Liquorish, Gum Arabich and starch, and somtimes the Rhubarb is double in quantity: and this usual compo∣sition may be used for the former.

There is another Composition of more Vertue, called Diarhodon Abbatis Nicolai used against Obstructions, which is less hot, it hath in it sanders, Roses, Violets, the four great and little cold seeds, burnt Ivory, Gum arabick and Traganth, Juyce of Liquorish, Rhubarb and Camphire, as Diatriansan∣talon, and besides Asarum, Bar-berries, Anise seeds, Fennel, Basil seeds, Poppy-seeds, Mastich, Saffron, Spike, Cardamoms, Lignum Aloes, Cloves, Cinnamon, Musk, Pearl, the Bone in in the Heart of a Hart or stag.

The Troches of Diarhodon Nicolai, of Roses, sanders, burnt Ivory, saffron and Camphire, are not so large as the former.

And the Troches of the sanders which are more binding, they have sanders, Roses, the great cold seeds, Purslain seeds, Bar-berries, burnt Ivory, Camphire, and Bole Armenick.

Or other astringents as the Troches of Bar-berries, instead of which we may use these less binding, Take of the three sanders, add Roses each one dram, of Rhubarb one dram and an half, of spodium, of Ivory one dram, of Endive, Purslain, and sorrel each half a dram, of Melon seeds one dram and an half, Camphire one scruple, Sugar and Manna two drams: Make a Pouder with the infusion of Gum Traganth in Endive waters; Make Troches.

The Pouder of the leaves of Endive and Succory taken often in Wine, with the feed of Hatch-vetch and a little Cinnamon to make it pleasant, is approved.

Also Lozenges made of these ordinary pouders Diatri∣onsantalon and Diarhodon, and of other things with the conserve of Succory flowers.

We make of the Juyce of Bar-berries pleasant Lozenges which allay the Heat as, Take of the Juyce of ripe Bar-ber∣ries, three ounces, of Sugar one pound, as much water of En∣dive, or Roses as will boil them into a consistence for Lo∣zenges.

Thus are made the Lozenges of the Juyce of currance, Pomegranates, Lemmons, citrons, and they are as good as the former.

Of these conserves, and Pouders may divers Electuaries be made as, Take of the Conserve of Succory flowers, and the candied roots of Succory each one ounce and an half, of Conserve of Violets, Maiden-hair and Bugloss each half an ounce, of Me∣lon seeds one dram and an half, of Trionsantalon one dram, with syrup of Sorrel, make a moist Electuary, or make it thicker with sugar of Roses.

Some give Opiats to cool the Liver but to no purpose being hot things are therein, as Philonium.

Vitriol waters drunk for some weeks as we shewed in the cure of the former cachexy, besides other benefits there mentioned, do cool the Liver, if they be taken in time be∣fore the Dropsie be great, and while the water is only in the Belly and Feet, but when it gets out of the Veins it wil increase it, especially (as is usually) if they make little Urine, and Drink much; therefore it is better for those Drinkers who by their continual thirst shew the heat of their Liver, before the cachexy grow great, to mix their wine with water.

The heat of the Bowels and especially of the Liver, and the dryness also is cured by outward things that cool and moisten; adding alwaies those things that are astringent as these following.

A cooling and moistning Oyntment. Take Oyl of Vio∣lets, Lillies, Guords, or of Osiers, washed in Vinegar or Juyce of Endive, two ounces, Oyl of Quinces, Roses, Myrtles, or Mastich, each one ounce; of the lesser cold seeds, and of Sorrel and Rose leaves each half a dram, of al the sanders one dram, of spike one scruple, camphire half a scruple, Wax as much as will make an Unguent.

These are more proper for the Liver. Take of Oyl of Roses and Violets, each one ounce and an half, of Oyls of Water-lillies and Wormwood, each one ounce, of the juyce of Endive one ounce and an half, of the Juyce of Agrimo∣ny, one ounce, of Vinegar of Roses six drams: boil them till the Juyces be consumed, and add red and white san∣ders each one dram, of Endive, Purslaine each half a dram, of spike one scruple, of Wax as much as wil make an oynt∣ment: to these add camphire, or Troches of camphire.

The Oyntment of sanders is usual against the Distemper of the Liver, which is made of the three sanders, Roses, spodium, Bole Armenick, camphire, Oyl of Roses and Wax.

Also Oyl of Roses made of Roses and their Juyce and Oyl of sweet Almonds: to which some add Opium which because as we often shewed that it doth not cool, will do no good in that respect, but if there be hardness it wil mol∣lifie, as we have shewed stupefactive things do.

You may also use Refrigerans Galeni with spike, you may also apply an Epitheme to the Liver, made thus, Take of Endive, fuccory and Liver wort water each three oun∣ces, of Violet-water, or Lettice or Nightshade, and Roses each two ounces, of Wormwood water, one ounce, of Rose Vinegar, of sour Wine, one ounce and an half, of all the sanders each half a dram, of spike one scruple, of cam∣phire half a scruple: mix them. Juyces of Endive and suc∣cory may be added, also Waters of sorrel, smallage, and

Dodder, pouder of Purslain seed, Endive, Smallage, and red Roses seeds, burnt Ivory, and Mastich, of because the stomachs being so near to the Liver.

A Fomentation may be made with the Decoction of or∣dinary or stilled proper Water, and Rose Vinegar or wine, with Endive, Succory, Wormwood, the four great and small cold seeds, with Cypress, Spike, and Schaenanth, and other Pouders mentioned.

Or these mentioned, boiled in a bag and strained, and applyed. Also these Pouders of cold seeds, Violets, Ro∣ses, Water-lillies, Spodium, and Sp••ke tyed in a clout, and sprinkled with proper waters and Vinegar.

Purslain new gathered and beaten with Rose-water, and Vinegar, with Camphire is fitly applied.

Or a Cataplasm of Barley meal, or of Lentils made thick with Juyce of Endive, or Purslain, and Oyl of Roses.

In their Diet let them take heed of strong wine, sharpe Meat, spiced, or salt, let them eat moistning Broaths rather and flesh such as were prescribed in the Treatise of He∣ctick Feavers, to correct the dryness of the Liver, which is difficult when fixed.

That Jaundies which comes from Chol∣ler, * 1.2 in which the whole Body is dyed; if it come from much Choler without any o∣ther Infirmity joyned, in regard Nature doth disburden her self by an inconvenient way you must bring the Choller back into the Guts; and this must be done when there is a Feaver also adjoyned. But if it fol∣low a Feaver, and cureth the Feaver by sweating, you must help this Motion of Nature rather than hinder it. In o∣ther Diseases joyned with the Jaundies, you must consider these Diseases chiefly, alwaies purging the Choller forth by proper waies, and drawing it back by stool and Urine, but if the separation be hindered by reason of the Obstru∣ctions of the Liver, Hardness, Scirrhus, Rottennss, from whence cometh a Dropsie, or if there be Inflammation, you must cure it with consideration of these; if the Excretion or voiding of Excrements be by reason of the Obstruction of the Porus Cholidochus, we apply the same things which we use in the Obstruction of the Liver, and if there be In∣flammation the same.

If the Jaundies proceed from Poyson taken, this must presently be voided by Vomit, Glisters, if from a stroak or bite of a Beast, you must use things that draw the venom out, as Cupping-glasses and the like, and give things that resist venom, Antidotes and the like, of Harts-horn and I∣vory, which also cure the Jaundies; and if the Colour which is but a symptom remain after the cause is removed, we take it away with Topick Medicines.

Blood-letting is good if there be much Choller in the branches of the Vena cava, and nothing else hinder, be∣cause it takes away part of it; which when the blood is cold, will be seen by its yellow water.

Some to little purpose open the Veins of the Fore-head, and under the Tongue to take yellowness from the Eyes and Face.

Otherwise, when there is not much Choller in the veins, Blood-letting is of little profit in the Jaundies, except there be some other Disease that requires it, for when the Vena cava is emptied, the meseraik Veins send blood and Choller the easier up into it. And this is to be under∣stood in the provoking of Terms; for these come from the Vena cava, and if they be stopped in the jaundies as in a Cachexy, they will not be provoked by Blood-letting, except the jaundies be first cured, because the stoppage of them comes from the jaundies, not the jaundies from them, as we shewed.

The Haemorrhoids, because they purge both Choller and Melancholy from the Meseraiks, if they bleed of them∣selves, or by constraint, are profitable.

Glysters are excellent when the Choller cometh not to the Guts to provoke stools, nor discoloureth the Excre∣ments: for by forcing they do not onely fetch out the Excrements, but by stirring up Nature, and opening, they fetch Choller from the Meseraiks and the Porus Cholido∣chus.

Therefore first give emollient Glysters, then sharpe, and such as purge Choller, (mentioned in the Colick and in Feavers) adding things that open, as Roots and opening Herbs: after use the strongest, if the other prevail not, vo∣miting is good sometimes, especially if it come from Poy∣son.

General Purges for carrying Choler out of the Mese∣raik Veins where it is first gathered together, and sent to the other Veins from thence, are good; these may be on∣ly such as: purge Choller, if choller alone can be purged by them, but in regard things that purge Flegm do the same as Experience teacheth, we must not stand much u∣pon that, so long as Obstructions are opened which are the cause, many such Purges are prescribed in the Cachexy that comes from the Liver, and may here be used, and to which these may be added.

Very bitter things are used to cure the Jaundies which come from Obstructions, because they do not only open obstructions, but also they open the Mouths of the meseraik Veins, that the choller which cannot go to the Guts by its usual passages, may go that way back again and so may not be brought too much into the hollow Vein; therefore they give Aloes, both in form of Pills, as Pills of Hiera with the same quantity of Rhubarb, and Agarick, that they may purge the better, or mix stronger with them, as Pills of Rhubarb, and Aggregative.

Or give these like then approved by Galen. Take of Aloes half a dram, of Epithymum, or Senna, or Polypody one scruple, of Euphorbium, and Brimstone each half a scruple, with wine or water make Pills.

Hiera picra is given for the same end in a Potion, and it is best in the Jaundies, and to kill Worms, which somtimes by reason of the want of choller in the Excrements, being they are then less bitter, grow there.

Take of Hiera picra simple, (in which is Saffron which is thought to be proper against the jaundies.) one dram and an half, of Rhubarb, and Senna each one dram, of Mechoacan half a dram, of shavings of Ivory, and of Harts-horn, each one scruple: make a pouder, give one dram with Whey or Wine, and if you add one scruple of Diagridium, it will work the better.

Hiera Coloquintidos given instead of the other, by reason of the double Bitterness of Aloes and Coloquintida will o∣pen the passages more violently, and stir up Nature; and therefore they give Wine infused in the Apple of coloquin∣tida made hollow, or the like.

The Extract of Aloes Rosate with Rhubarb is chiefly gi∣ven in a jaundze as a purge, the preparation whereof we shewed in the pain of the Heart, from weakness of the Sto∣mach, or this, Take of the essence of Aloes prescribed in the Chapter mentioned three ounces, of the pouder of Rhub••rb sprinkled with Cinnamon water one ounce, of the Extract of the same six drams, and with Syrup of Wormwood make a Mass for Pills.

Potions are made of catholicon, Diaphaenicon, of the Electuary of the juyce of Roses, Diaprunis, Diapsyllium, dissolved in Wormwood water, or the like, adding proper Syrups.

The Electuary of Sowbread purgeth and sweateth.

Potions are made of the infusion of Rhubarb, with spike, and cinnamon in wine or water, of Troches of Agarick in Honey with water, Syrups and Electuaries aforementioned, with purge.

Or of a preparing Apozeme, with Polypody, carthamus and Senna, in the Decoction, and then with Rhubarb, My∣robalans, and Agarick infused make a purging Apozeme for some daies.

Or the Aggregative pills, or pil aure••e alone or mixed with Pills of Rhubarb.

Sweating doth send the choler with the Serum or Water from the branches of the gate Vein, and also takes away that which was in the skin by the Pores, which maybe good

after that Choler which was in the Meseraiks Veins, and caused the Jaundies, first is purged away, least it be by sweating carried into the Veins; and it is done by Baths and other things mentioned.

It is good also to provoke Urine, to bring Choler out that way, which otherwise used to colour the Urin, and is often plentifully so voided: which is done by things that open obstructions, and better if Diureticks are added there∣unto, Thus,

Take of red Vetches, one pugil; of Melon seeds one ounce and an half, of Fennel seed two drams, of Dodder seed, one dram, of red Sanders one dram and an half, of Spike, and Asarum roots each one dram, boil them in convenient stilled water, till there remain one pint and an half, Take of the strained liquor aromatize it with cinnamon, and yellow Sanders and swee∣ten it with Sugar, for some Doses.

You may use things that alter before and purging to prepare and open Obstructions, and to dissolve Tumors, if such be in the Jaundies, many of them are described in the Cachexy, and they that are good for the Liver in the like case may be here used in the jaundies, the causes being ob∣served; choosing such things as heat not over much and breed choller; besides which these following are proper for the jaundies.

Decoctions made in Water or water and wine, and Vi∣negar are made divers waies to be drunk three or more Mornings together: as thus of many things, which may be also made of few.

Take of the five opening Roots, of Dock-roots each half an ounce, of Orris roots, and round Birth-wort, and Asarum each two drams, of Tamarisk barks an ounce, of Succory, five lea∣ved Grass, Dropwort, with the Roots, Groundpine, German∣der, and the Capillary Herbs, of Endive, Liver-wort, Agri∣mony, and Dodder, each one handful, of the Topps of Worm∣wood, Rosemary, Horebound, and the greater Celandine, each half an handful, of Elder flowers, and Broom flowers each one pugil, of red or black Vetches one pugil, of the four great cold seeds, each one dram, Anise seeds half an ounce, of Caraway seeds three drams, of Parsley, and Turnep seed each one dram, of Prunes and Figs each five pair: boyl them in water and wine, in the Liquor strained being one pint and an half, dissolve Sugar as much as fit, and aromatize it with Cin∣namon, cassia lignea, Spike, or Sanders for an Apozeme for four or five Doses.

Besides these the Decoction of wild Flax, St. Johns wort, Samphire, Penny-royal, Organ, Polymountane, wild Mints, wild Marjoram, Ground Ivy, Chamomil, Fleabane and its flowers, and the Roots of Alkanet, Hog Fennel, and Perewinkle, or Swallow-wort, Eringus, Carduus, and Ash barks.

Also the Decoction of Celandine Roots, with Elicam∣pane, Oak Moss, and Saffron.

If these simples be steeped in Wine, and then the Wine given at several times it will work more strongly.

Or make this wine, of Succory, Fennel, and Asparagus Roots each six drams, of Asarum Roots three drams, of Horehound, Wormwood, and the lesser Centaury dryed each two drams, of the Tops of Rosemary one pugil, of La∣vender flowers half a pugil, of Indian, and Celick Spike∣nard, and Schaenanth each half a dram: slice them and put thereto three pints of white Wine, add two drams of Rhu∣barb to make it purge, and if you add two drams of steel it will be admirable.

A simple Wine in which half an ounce of Asarum roots, or steel hath been infused is good, Dioscorides commends Squill wine; some steep the fore Teeth of a Beaver in wine and drink it.

Another is made thus; Take of Sarsa two ounces, of Fen∣nel, Parsley, Burnet, Orris, and Rhapontick roots each half an ounce, of Elicampane two drams, of Gemian, and Asarum roots, and Pellitory of Spain each one dram, of Agrimony, Wormwood, Dodder, Horehound, Germander, Groundpine each half an handful, of Tops of the lesser Centaury one pugil, of A∣rise, Fennel, and Smalage, Senna each one dram, of Cinnamon and Galangal each one dram and an half, infuse them in eight pints of white wine, if you add Turbith two drams, Rhubarb, and Agarick each three drams, of Ginger half a dram, it will also purge.

These also may be boiled in water and wine, with or without the purges, and so taken some commend a distil∣led water of the same taken two ounces and an half at a time.

The juyces alone drunk from one ounce and an half to two ounces, with sugar and wine is good, especially the juyces of five leaved Grass, Dock-roots, dead Nettle, Hore∣hound, Lemmons, Sowbread, Succory with the Roots, or you may make them of such Plants as are good by Decocti∣on; Mathiolus gives the juyce of Cowcumbers, Raddish water is highly commended in the Jaundies.

Other Potions are made of divers things, as of pouders with wine, and water, syrups and Decoctions; the more simple are the pouder of Orange peels, Ivory shavings, steel, Earth-worms, the stones in the Gall of an Ox, and Brimstone which Dioscorides gives in the Yolk of an Egg.

A Pouder may be made of many things thus,

Take of the Roots of the greater Celandine, and Swal∣low-wort, and Madder each two drams; Roots of Gentian, Birth-wort, and Asarum each one dram; of Wormwood, Horehound, Vervain, and Maiden-hair, of Broom flowers, carthamus, Rosemary, of carva seeds, Endive, Germander, and columbine seeds each half a dram; of shavings of Ivo∣ry, and Harts horn each one dram, of steel prepared with Vinegar one dram and an half, of dried Earth-worms one dram, of cinnamon, Nutmeg, Mace, Spikenard, each half a dram, of Myrrh. Mastich, and Frankincense each one scru∣ple, of Saffron half a scruple: make a Pouder, give one dram or more, with sugar, or without, with wine or other convenient Liquor.

This Pouder is bitter but excellent. Take of Gentian Roots one dram, of the Tops of the lesser centaury, Orenge peels, Ivory, and Harts horn, shavings of Cinnamon, each half a dram: make a pouder, give one dram in wine or o∣ther Liquor.

These Troches are good in a jaundize that tends to a Dropsie, Take of Rhubarb two scruples, of Asarum roots, Gum Lac each half a dram, of cinnamon, Spikenard, schae∣nanth, cassia lignea each one scruple: make them in Tro∣ches with juyce of Wormwood, or Agrimony, or Triphera Saracenica, give it in wine or water.

The usual Pouders to open Obstructions, are of the tro∣ches of Rhubarb, Agrimony, Wormwood, also Trionsan∣talon, Diarrhodon Abbatis, Diacarcuma, Dialacca, in which sometimes Rhubarb is doubled in quantity, they are given alone or mixed with wine.

That Pouder which some commend so highly in the Jaundies which they divide into three parts, and give at three Mornings together, in the Decoction of Vetches is this,

Take of columbine seeds, Harts horn, and eastern Saf∣fron each one dram: make a fine pouder for three Doses.

There are Potions made of cray fish beaten with celan∣dine and water, and then strained, five ounces of the urine of a Boy drunk often doth it by Experience, with sugar or Honey to sweeten it.

Others boil Goose dung in water or wine, and strain it, and give it to be drunk.

Cummin seed eaten presently after bathing is approved. And this the German Women use still, and beleeve it to be of great force; Dioscorides gives May-weed after barhing, its yellow flowers, I suppose.

The Leaves of Sage often drunk have cured some, and the Leaves of wild Rocket often eaten.

Others beleeve that eleven Lice drunk down will cure the jaundies.

This Electuary is convenient. Take of the conserve of the flowers or Roots of Succory, of Maiden-hair each one ounce, of the conserve of Smallage Roots, Orris, Orange peels each half an ounce; of shavings of Ivory, and Harts∣horn

each one dram and an ha••, of the usual Pouders one dram: make them into an Electuary with some of the a∣forementioned syrups, let him take a Bolus and drink the Phisical Wine or water after it.

It will be of more force if you add to this Electuary two drams of Bitter Almonds, one dram, of the great cold seeds, of Rhubarb one dram, of Steel prepared two drams, of Pouder of Earth-worms half a dram, of Saffron one scruple and an half, Cinnamon; and Nutmeg each half a dram, and with Oxymel of Squills make an Electuary.

The Pills of simples which are hard to be taken by Rea∣son of their evil sent and tast in pouders, are made thus, Take of Gentian roots, Birthwort, Madder, and Rhubarb, and Myrrh, each half a dram, of steel prepared one dram, of Hogs dung dryed one scruple, of Saffron half a scruple: mix them with juyce or syrup of Wormwood, or of Horehound, and make pills. The Dose is one dram.

And the usual Pouders may be so made into Pills.

Outwardly Medicines are applyed to the Liver, if that cause the jaundies, either by Obstruction or Hardness such as are mentioned in the Cachexy, also Oyntments, Em∣plasters and Fomentations, which need not be repeated be∣ing there mentioned.

To other parts of the Body which are discoloured Re∣medies may be used, as Baths, for taking away Choler that remains over the Body after the cause is removed, and will not breath it self forth, as at other times. And they must be dry when we intend to sweat: with Flax aired with El∣der and Jun••per burnt, also they must take an inward Sudo∣rifick before bathing.

Moist Baths are made by boyling these following to cleanse and discuss, as Pellitory of the Wall, Beets, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Soapwort, Centaury, Wormwood, Horehound, Fumitory, Chamomel, Sorrel, Elicampane, Melilot, Rosemary, Organ, Misleto of the Oak, the greater Celandine, golden Flo∣wers, which three last having yellow juyce, are thought to be proper against Choller, with Beans, Lupines, Bran and Barley.

Waters to wash with are used at the comming forth of the Bath: made of cleansing Herbs.

For the face which is most visible, to recover its colour, it must be washed in the Bath, and after with this Decocti∣on or the like, with Wine, Vinegar, Water of Roses, Beans or Sorrel, or with the Juyce of Pomegranates, Lemmons, Citrons, or Syrup of Sorrel, Vinegar dissolved in waters or Decoctions.

To take away the yellowness of the Eyes, waters must be dropped into them, with the Juyce of Pomegranates, or wine and water, or Juyce of Coriander.

You may put into the Nose things that by neesing dis∣perse choller, from the Face and Eyes, anoynting the No∣strils within with Scammony, which because it attracteth Choller is made choice of, but we use it because by Expe∣rience we find that it provokes Neesing, mixed with Honey, but Elaterium mixed with Milk doth it more violently, o∣ther Errhines do it more mildly, as the Juyce of Horehound, white Beets, and Gith seeds, and the Decoction thereof.

Also the Sent of Nigella or Gith when it is eaten, and of Vinegar do the same.

Rubbings after bathing and otherwise are good to take away the Reliques of choller from the skin.

Applications made to the soles of the Feet, have been cryed up by the vulgar, as the greater Celandine and Mi∣sleto of the Oak, whole, or bruised with Horehound somtimes wine and Vinegar, and salt, and these applyed to the wrists work more speedily.

One told me for a certain truth, that many have been cured of the jaundies by pissing upon new made Horse dung while it is hot.

Let the Diet be proper: let the Drink be thin, white wine mixed with the Decoction of Roots of Grass, and As∣paragus, or other openers, and let other things be answe∣rable.

That Redness which comes from Blood, * 1.3 which is chiefly in the Face, if it be either from Bashfulness or Anger, as it quickly comes so it goes away with the passion. And that which continueth long, which either comes from external Heat, or a Disease, hath no cure but by abating the Heat.

Paleness if it be from want of blood, * 1.4 by the loss of the flowrishing colour only, and from cold, it will continue only while the Body grows hot, as that which comes by fainting returns afterwards; and that which comes from a Disease, will cease with the Disease, and there is no peculiar Direction for it.

That Blackness which is Natural and comes from the seed, if it be like a Blackmore, * 1.5 to go about to cure it is to make a black More white according to the Proverb, * 1.6 which is impossible.

There is another vulgar Swarthyness, * 1.7 when the skin is darkish and dusty Natu∣rally, is nothing set by, of them who think true Beauty doth not consist in whiteness, and therefore they think a Man is not discoulo∣red thereby, and will not require cure.

But such as love to be neat, and think themselves less fair, and acceptable to others thereby; desire to mend it if they cannot cure it.

When the skin is black by wrinkles that shadow it, and make it dark, when the wrinkles are not confirmed, as when they come from an external cause or Disease that hath made the skin loose, when the causes are removed they will cease and the skin will be stretched and its wrinkles and return to its former Complexion; but if the skin be dryed and straightned especially by Age as in old people, though they seem impossible to be taken away, and the Physitian that permiseth to do it seems to be mad, as the Poet saith,

He's worthy of a filthy aged Quean, That wrinkles from her body taketh clean.

Yet for the taking away if not diminishing of the same, there are Remedies, which old Men desiring to seem yong do much affect.

These are done by a two sold Art, * 1.8 by one called comptorian Art which is for Neat∣ness, making an artificial white, but insta∣ble and fading over the black which is Na∣tural, so deceiving the Spectators, * 1.9 and this is cal∣led a Fucus; the other is called the cosmetick art, and doth not add another colour nor deceives, * 1.10 but only amends this dull co∣lour of the skin, making it more neat, bright, and constant in colour, taking a∣way or mending the wrinkles, and cor∣recting the dark complexion. Afterwards that there may be more Beauty, with red colour applyed to certain parts called then Fuci, by the comptorian Art, they make the Body of better colour. We shall shew how this is done by Remedies that whiten, clense, take away wrinkles and make red.

The white Medicines called Fucuses, with which women that affect to be beautiful (and which would be unseemly in Men,) do paint their Face, Hands, and other places that are naked and seen, are made of white stuff, and that is chosen for the most part which is cleansing and digesting, or such things are mixed therewith: for so they make fair not only by whiting which is but of smal continuance, and little Ornament, but maketh a new colour in the skin, by sucking continually forth that Moisture which makes it black: and it attenuateth the skin by clensing, and so makes it more clear and neat. And therefore when the skin is thicker and harder then usual, sosteners are mixed, not only to procure a decent colour, but to mollifie the Hands and Face which is commendable, for which cause that the Face may alwaies shine, which is accounted come∣ly, they add some fat things.

These paints being thus made in form of a Liquor white

as Milk or of an Unguent must be applyed and suffered to dry on. And if they be discoloured by their thickness which women of the honest sort do fear exceedingly, be∣fore they go forth do usually wash with some comely deco∣ction, which is no paint, as shall be declared, so gently that some of the white still remain with, and that when the paint seems to be quite gone will restore it, and it will con∣tinue long, and therefore they wash often after it, before they go forth into view.

The matter of these is taken from divers white things as follow, of Ceruss, which being very white, and sticks well by reason of its fineness and Fatness, is proper, if first it be poudered and seifted, washed often, and dryed; or boiled in water till it may be made into Troches, one whereof being taken in the palm of the Hand with a little convenient Liquor, will serve to paint the Face.

Of the white Dragon Roots there are made Troches as the former, like Ceruss and white Starch, called Gersa, which besides the whiteness it makes, doth cleanse very much, and it is made of the Juyce of Dragon Roots, dry∣ed gently by the fire or Sun, and so brought into Balls or Troches.

Or take the Roots aforesaid, and after they are cleansed beat them, and then with warm water or other convenient Liquor dissolve it, and strain it and so let it stand till there be a white cream at the bottom; from which pour of the water at the top, and pour on fresh, which after a little time you must also pour off from the residence at the bot∣tom as before, and this being three or four times done, let that which remains be dryed, and made up for your use in∣to smal Troches.

The common way of preparing this Gersa is of the dry∣ed Roots of Dragons, which being first peeled from their external black coat, must be beaten into pouder, and then dissolved in water, and gently dryed again, and then again poudered, and washed after this manner three or four times, and made into Balls or Troches, and kept for use.

The same way may be made as well of the great Aron, or Cookow pintle Roots, in defect of the other, as white and as forcible, or of both together.

Of the white Brittle root, of the wild Cowcumber you may also make the same.

You may make other forms of Dragon Roots and Ce∣russ thus: Take of Dragon, Gersa prepared as before one ounce, of Ceruss prepared, of Borax two drams, and if you please of Camphire half a dram, with the Infusion of Gum Traganth made in Rose water, make Troches for your use; you may mix some things that are in Unguantum Citrinum therewith.

Sometimes you may mix prepared Ceruss and Dragons with Oyl of sweet Almonds or de Been, and a little white, if you please to make it into an Oyntment.

Of sublimate Mercury there are excellent washes made, which cleanse and make white, which are divers waies pre∣pared least they should exulcerate, mixing things which work the same effect more gently; and least any part of it should touch the Teeth and make them black, as is usual, she must keep water in her Mouth while she useth it.

A water like Milk is made thereof, which is more plain and profitable, thus: Take of finely poudered Sublimate half an ounce, two or three whites of Eggs well beaten, of the Emul∣sion of white Poppy seeds made of one pound of the seed and ten pints of water, stir them very well in a stone Mortar, first put∣ting in the whites of an Egg by degrees, then the Emulsion, as is sufficient which is known by a Pin, or put therein for when it is not discoloured after some continuance there it is right, but if it be then pour on more Emulsion.

To this we add two ounces of Borax, or of Sugar Candy.

Another white wash is thus made: Take of the whitest Barley flower, or Starch made into a past with Goats Milk, bake it gently in an Ouen and when it begins to be hard take it out, and mix it with so much Goats Milk, as will make it all like thick Milk, take five pints of this, and two drams of Sub∣limate, mix them well together, more or less, till by the proof a∣bove mentioned with a pin you find it right, then use it, adding sometimes Ceruss one dram, Borax two drams, of sea Snails cal∣cined half an ounce, with a little Camphir.

A dry past made of Sublimate, like Chalk or Starch is often used; a portion whereof being tempered in the hand with a little wine out of your Mouth, or Rose-water, may anoint the Face: or mingled with Pomatum, Oyl of Gourds seeds, or sweet Almonds, it is made thus,

Take of Sublimate poudered one ounce, of Quick-silver two or three drams, of Juyce of Lemmons, or Vinegar a little, stir them till they wax white, and then stir them well fasting, spittle of one that cheweth Sugar Candy, then with whites of Eggs stir them into the form of a past or Liniment. Then wash it with a good quantity of Spring water, and let them boil together a little, and then stand to settle, and let the clear water at the top be poured off by degrees, and fresh water be poured on, and then after boyling and setling be poured of as formerly. Do it thrice, but the last time with Rose-water, or Bean-water or of Myrtles, and boil it till it be almost consumed and let the bottom or residence be set in the Sun or in an Oven till it be dry: sometimes this in∣fusion is made without boiling only by long steeping, and changing the water sometimes, and then drying the resi∣dence.

Sometimes a dram of Camphire is added to the sublimate and Quick-silver, the quantity of a dram, and to make it more dear, rather then for profit, as much of the pouder of Pearls, or sea Snails calcined, with some Leaves of gold and silver, to repress the malignity of Quick-silver, and of sublimate.

There is the like made by the women of Monpelier, which is, Take of the best sublimate four ounces, of Quick-silver mix∣ed with the fasting spittle of one that chewed Sugar Candy half an ounce: beat them well in a stone Mortar, with a wooden Pe∣stil, till it be white; then tie it in a white silk Clout, and put it into a new glassed earthen pot full of water, and set it upon the Embers, and after the water is grown hot, pour it off, and add fresh, and do so the second time, and let your Mercury be sweet∣ned with so doing nine times, and let the Body that remains in the silk Rag be dryed and made into formes as big as Vetches, dry them in the shade and keep them for use. The way is to take one piece and dissolve it in Oyl of sweet Almonds for a Liniment for the Face.

There is a white wash made of Litharge, by steeping or boyling it, which they call Virgins Milk, this gives the Face a good Colour, but because it doth take Redness a∣way too much, we shall speak of it hereafter, in Redness.

Washes may be made also of Borax, which the Gold∣smiths use, and is made of water, being finely poudered and mixed with Oyl of Guord seeds or other Oyl.

Or with the Infusion of Gum Traganth, to anoint, and you may mix Ceruss with Borax.

Of stones as white Marble, Alabaster, Amiantum, spe∣cular stone, Loadstone, which is called Talcum, Crystal; white Coral, and divers Sea-fish shells either crude or first calcined, made up with Oyl, Liquor or Pomatum, are made also Oyntments, and these Washes, as: Take of some of the aforesaid half an ounce, Ceruss two drams, Borax one dram, white Frankincense, and Camphire, each half a dram, of Juyce of Lemmons one ounce, of Oyl of sweet Almonds or other Oyl as much as will make a Liniment.

Or let her use instead of these the Ʋnguentum citrinum which is made of the stones aforesaid, Alabaster, the speculiar stone, or Talcum, Christal, Coral, and shells, the Navel shell Fish, the purple Fish, the Trumpet Fish, Ceruss, Borax, white Frankincense, Camphire, and Gersa of Dragons, Niter, Starch-Traganth, Hogs Grease, and Hens Grease, and the Juyce of Citrons, from whence this Oyntment is named Citrinum.

The Face or Hands being rubbed with the fine Pouder of Talcum, it makes them wonderful white, so that if it continue any time, it will not easily be taken off.

Eggs shells calcined and poudered finely, make an oynt∣ment with the things mentioned, also very excellent. Al∣so a good Oyntment is made of Starch incorporated as be∣fore,

and you may add the white flower of dryed Melon and Pepon-seeds.

Also an Emulsion of Melon-seeds and Almonds with their water, doth beautifie the Face.

Some Women use it thus. They take one or two bitter Al∣monds and put them in a Clout and chew them fasting, and so anoint the Face with the Spittle mixed with the white Emulsion.

Those cleansing Remedies external, which differ from a Fucus only in that they paint not white, are made as the o∣ther, and are as follow, with which the Face is to be wa∣shed or anointed.

Stilled Waters are most usual, as of these Simples, Solo∣mons Seal, Bean-flowers, Roots of Dragons, or Cuckow-pintles, Sowbread, Raddish, Gentian, Mallows, Lillies, Mullein, Wa∣ter-lillies, Melons, Kidney Beans, Pine-nuts, with sweet Wa∣ters, as of Roses with Musk, or Camphire, of Orenge flowers, Orris Roots &c.

The Waters of Lillies, and Rosin of the Fir-tree, doth make a thick Skin thin.

Many Compounds are for the same use, thus made, of Guords, Melons being ripe and divided, distilled with Goats Milk, and Eggs beaten together.

Or of Lemmons, Oranges, Citrons, distilled as the former.

Another is made of Bread thus: Take of common white Bread, or of Barley, or Bran, the Crust taken off two pounds, of Goats Milk three pints, of Eggs beaten ten, distil a Water of them.

You may add three ounces of Sugar, and so distil it.

Or half a pint of Wine, and one or two Lemmons, or one ounce and an half of the Juyce, and one dram of Camphire.

Or, Take the aforesaid, and add of Bean or Pease Meal, or of Rice three ounces, of bitter Almonds, two ounces, of the four great cold seeds one ounce, distil them.

That it may cleanse more, add of Dragon Roots, and So∣lomons seal each one ounce and an half, of Orris Roots one ounce, and of Mastich half on ounce, Borax two drams.

Also the Water of Rice macerated or steeped in Lemmon or Bean water till it swell, distilled to a pint, ad half an ounce of the pouder of Mastich.

And the white of Eggs mixed with the Juyce of Lemmons make a good Water distilled; to which before the stilling you may add Borax, Allum and Salt.

The Venetian Paint is not to be omitted which is thus made. Take of the whitest Lard that is sweet and cut it small, as much as you please, of the white Flowers of Bindwood, of the Juyce of crude Citrons strained, each as much as is sufficient, still them with a gentle fire in Balneo Mariae, keep the water for your Ʋse.

The water also of Snails, distilled with Goats Milk, and Hops, or Goats Grease, and a little Camphire.

There is also an excellent Water made of Urine mixed with Salt, especially Salt Gem. with Cloves, Cinnamon, and Rose-water, to take away the Sent thereof.

Also a Water distilled of white Tartar, dissolved in Wine, with Bean flowers, and Rosemary.

Or, Take of Tartar one ounce, Allum half an ounce, Bo∣rax two drams, Camphire one dram, of Water that is proper two pints, distil them.

Or, Take of Tartar calcined one pound, of Mastich one ounce, with whites of Eggs make a Past out of which draw a Water.

You may make a water of Sublimate not to whiten, but to cleanse, either by dissolving it being steeped or boiled in the waters above mentioned Simple or Compound, espe∣cially in that of Bread, with the Juyce of Lemmons, you must take no less then three pints of water to one dram of Subli∣mate, and you must try by Coppar put into it if there be e∣nough: to which you may add Ceruss, and Camphire, and mix it with Goats Milk, whites of Eggs, or Mucilages least it should hurt.

Of more or fewer of those things may a water be distill∣ed; as, Take of Lilly and Orris Roots green, each four oun∣ces, of Dragon Roots, or Cowkow pintles, and Solomons Seal; each two ounces, of Bean flower four ounces, of Rice flower two ounces, of the four great cold Seeds one ounce, of bitter Almonds five ounces, of Quince seeds half an ounce: beat them all and add one pint of Goats Milk, of Calfes Feet, and Snail broath, three quarters of a pint; of Bean flower, Water and Rose-water, each one quarter of a pint; the white of twelve Eggs beaten, Tur∣pentine dissolved in the Yolks of Eggs half an ounce; of Honey ooe ounce, of common Sugar, or Sugar Candy, two ounces, of wine and Vinegar, each one ounce, of poudered Mastich half an ounce, of Allum, and Borax each two drams, of Camphire one dram, mix and distil them.

To these may be added Briony, wild Cowcumber, Sowbread, Guaicum, Lemmons, Oranges, Melons, Muskmelons, Guords, or their Juyces. Also Primrose flowers, Bean flowers, Lillies El∣der flowers, Pease, Lupins, Starch, Pine-nuts, Fleabane seeds, and the Gums of Traganth, or the Infusion thereof, Frankin∣cense, Myrrh, Cinnamon, Cloves, Musk, Boys urine, Ox gall Litharge, Tartar, Ceruss, Soap, Goats Suet, or fresh Butter, to which you may add shells and earths, from which little comes by distilling, as Coral and Shel-fish, and sometimes a little Chalk.

To take away the Spots of the Face, and whiten it, this is an excellent Water: Take of Bean flowers, Turpentine wa∣shed in Goats milk, each one pound, whites of Eggs seven in number: mix them and put them in Balne•• Mariae, keep the distilled water for your Use, then Take a white Capon pluckt, and washt and cut in pieces, and put that also in Balneo, and mix the water that is distilled from it with the former, adding two drams of Borax, half a dram of Camphire, put them all in a long necked Glass, and set it by Night in the Moon-shine, and by Day in the shaddow, wash the Face with this water warm.

This water following which was used by Mary of Me∣dices, the Queen-mother is of most Vertue above all o∣thers, she used it to make her Face fair: it is made thus, Take three white Capons presently after they are killed, and mince them small taking out their Grease, two new green Cheeses made of Goats Milk, the pulp of six Lemmons, the peels taken off, the whites of eight Eggs with the shells, of Borax, and Pou∣der of Brimstone, each half an ounce, of Camphire one pound, of Bean flower, and Water-lilly-water, each one pint, put them in Balneo Mariae, and some Grains of Musk in the Neck of the Still, keep the water that comes forth for your Use, wash the Face therewith every Night.

This water is good with Sublimate: Take of Dragon or Cuckow pintles Roots, Sowbread, and Solomons Seal, each one pound, of Crumbs of Bread half a pound, of fresh Lard one ounce and an half, of Juyce of Lemmons two ounces, in which Sea Snails have been dissolved, of Allum two ounces, Sublimate half an ounce, or less, distil a Water.

A Decoction is used to wash the Face to make it clear, and to wash off what hath been formerly laid on, especial∣ly of Beans, Pears, Rice and Lupines, and the like abster∣gents or cleansers. In a ful fat Face the Decoction of Guai∣cum is approved.

Some Liquors are used, as of Melons thus made, let a Me∣lon sliced be put in a Pipkin, and at the top of it unripe Grapes, Mallow-flowers, and some Eggs shells, let these be kept well stopt in an Oven so long as the Bread is baking, this done, strain forth the Liquor for your Use.

Some use Snail water made of Snails and Salt so baked in an Oven as the former.

Some mix Snails and Melons together.

Maids being fasting use to spit into their Hands and rub the Hair of their Fore-head backwards and make it shine, which wil whiten more, if they chew bitter Almonds before.

Moreover the Face is anointed with fat Liniments, which bring Splendor, and it is to be done carefully least the Paint appear.

Pomatums do this.

And chiefly the Marrow of a sheeps bone which is taken from them, being well cleansed broken and boiled, swim∣ming at the top.

Oyl of Talcum to whiten and make clear the Face and

Hands is of most use among great ones, and is of great price because it makes them also soft.

Of Mucilages, the Infusion of Gum Traganth as also the white of an Egg, is best to make the Face shine.

Some things may be used to the Hands to cleanse them and make them white and soft, * 1.11 which are not so proper for the Face.

For this there is a paste with which they rub their Hands as with Soap, made divers waies.

The most plain paste is made of Crumbs of Bread, boyled Bran, or Barley flower, Rice, Pease, Lupines, which we use alone or with water, or with soft Soap, or hard a little dis∣solved, and Honey we make a paste.

Of Nuts there is another Paste, as of bitter or sweet Al∣monds, of Peach Kernels of Hazel and of Pine-nuts, Beans brui∣sed, or first steeps in Milk, or mixed with Soap or Honey.

Also it is made of other seeds especially of Guords and white Poppies.

The Compound Paste is thus made. Take of the aforesaid Simples one, especially that of Almonds, or of two or three the quantity of one pound, adding pouder of Mustard seed two oun∣ces or more, of Orris Roots half an ounce, this will sweeten it, and of Honey as much as will make a paste, to this add sometimes the pulp of Figgs, and Rocket seed, instead of Mustard seed; some add the Gall of an Ox, but this leaveth such a bitterness that it is not commendable, we may also make it sweet sented with Sanders, Wood Aloes, Angelica Root, Lavender flowers, Rose-water, or Musk &c.

Others may be added, as this for the Hands, Take of Ceruss half an ounce, of Starch three drams, of Borax, and Camphire each two drams, of Egg shells calcined half a dram, to them being poudered add of Lilly, and Water lilly, and Rose∣water six pints, of Lilly Roots two ounces, of Bread Crumbs half a pound: boyl them well, then add twelve Yolkes of Eggs bea∣ten, strain them and keep them for your use.

Or make an Infusion of Gum Traganth in Milk, and juyce of Lemmons, adding Ceruss, Starch, and the like, and so anoint the Hands.

Also there is a paste of the Roots Daffodils boyled and bea∣ten, adding Tartar, and beaten Eggs.

Where you will more mollifie when the Hands are very hard, anoint with the Oyl of Guord seeds, or of sweet or bitter Almouds, dissolved with white Wax, also you may add the pulp of white Lillies, and Oyl of Tartar to cleanse.

The pulp of Melons rubbed doth make the Hands soft and clean.

To diminish or take away wrinkles if possible, * 1.12 in the Face especially, and some∣times in the hands, that the skin may seem less cloudy, and folded and uneven, there have been proper Remedies declared, albeit there are some cleansing Paints, as aforesaid, proper for the same; these that follow are proper, and such as by a cleansing Quality or by mollifying do enlarge the skin that was bound.

The seeds of wild Caraway bruised applyed with a Cerot are commended by Dioscorides.

Also Briony Roots with Orobus, Faenugreek, and Chalk, or Earth of Chios.

Others approve the Water of Pine-apples that are green, the Flowers of Mullein, also the Roots of Asaron, and Solomons Seal.

The Water of the Flowers and Roots of Lillies with May dew is admirable.

The Juyce of Lemmons, Primrose, Cuckow-pintle Roots, and of stinking Gladon, do lift up the skin, and make it break and a new one come under it.

The Decoction Jesamine seeds, also of Figgs with Briony Roots.

Oyl of Myrrh, Jesamins, Acorns, Tartar, bitter Almonds, Pine-nuts, and Ivy-berryes.

An Emplaster. Take of pure Wax one ounce, dissolve it with Asses Milk, stir them and when they are cold, take them off and add an ounce of Oyl of sweet Almonds, Allum, and Sperma Caeti each half an ounce, dissolve and spread them and apply it to a wrinkled Fore-head or the like.

Let the Meal of Lupines be rubbed on with Goats Gall.

Or, Take of Hens Grease two ounces, of white Wax one dram, of Rose-water one ounce, dissolve them, add of Ceruss, two drams, of white Coral one dram, of Camphire half a dram: make an Oyntment.

Pomatum is in great Use.

The Fume of Myrrh cast upon coals, and received on the Face, is said to be good.

They also study to take away Wrinkles from other parts of the Body, as those which are left after Child-bearing u∣pon the Belly.

This is done with this Oyntment made of the Suet of a Kid, or Ram, in Rose-water, or Pomatum with a little Butter, and the white of an Egg, with the the pouder of Mastich, and Frankincense.

Or, Take of Mastich, and Frankineense each half an ounce, of Myrrh two drams, of burnt Harts-horn, one dram, of Ami∣antum two drams, of Salt Ammoniack one dram, of Barley Meal, two drams, of Nigella one dram, of rosted Squills half a dram, with Honey make an Oyntment.

Medicines that make red are used by Women that study Ornament, * 1.13 to their Cheeks and Lips, and so they take away the Paleness and ill Colour by painting with these that follow.

The Roots of great Madder rub'd upon the Cheeks makes them red, and also if these be mixed with Oyl anointed.

The Pouder of Briony Roots mixed with Water or Honey, if the Cheeks be washed with the infusion, or anointed there∣with, it will make them red.

They write that the Sea Onion and Dill seed anointed with Honey and Wine will do the like.

That Red which Painters make of Sanders, and shavings of Brasil steept or boyled in Water, Wine or Vinegar, with Allum will paint the Cheeks, and Lips red.

The Spanish Women do colour the inside of their dishes with Cuchynelle, and call it Vermillion of Spain, and so keep it, and when they will use it they spit upon it and paint their Cheeks.

The cheeks being rubbed with Scarlet or Silk dyed with Cuchineile, or Crimson dipt in a little Aqua vitae, turn red.

Some Women rub their cheeks with red Leather to make them red.

I have observed that if one rub her cheek with ripe Mul∣berries and then after with a green, and wash with Water thereupon there will remain a flourishing colour long after.

That Cure which belongs to particular Discolorations, is either for Commaculations or Spots.

The Cure of commaculations is according to the cause which is external, either, Air, Filth, or other things that discolour the Skin.

They who by Labour and Travail are Sun-burnt, * 1.14 think it no dishonor but a com∣mendation, and therefore care not for the cure, because in the Winter it usually decreaseth. But if this Blackness displease, we must prevent it, and destroy it.

Thus we prevent Sun-burning.

A broad brim Hat or the like, or Gloves for the Hands prevent sun-burning.

Or defend them with anointing with whites of Eggs, or the Mucilage of Fleabane, or of Quinces, Extracted with Rose∣water, or with the Infusion of Gum Traganth made therein. To these are added Butter or Suet, or Pomatum, or Oyl of sweet Almonds, or Cream of Milk, in a small Quantity least the Face being anointed with those fat things, or without those by the use of dryers should appear extended.

The pulp of the Juyce of Melons doth the same, and of Guords adding some of the unctious things mentioned.

Or anoint with this before you go into the Sun. Take of Pomatum two ounces, of Ceruss dissolved in Rose-water one dram, of Frankincense, and Mastick each half a dram, of Mu∣cilage,

of Quinces one ounce: make a Liniment.

This blackness by Sun-burning is sometimes cured by Nature; which supplyeth continually the Burning which is new and little, with a fresh skin, if they keep out of the Sun, except it pierce to the true skin, and then it will scarce go away of its own accord. And then it must be cured by paints and cosmetick Remedies, as the Natural blackness which have been already described, and therefore shall not be repeated.

Moreover, we cure this by taking away the burnt skin from the Face and Hands except the Impression be too deep as we have said. This is done by lifting, and raising the scarfe skin to make it fall off by this following Reme∣dy. Take of the Roots of white Lillies one quarter of a pound, reast them in the Embers, then beat them with one ounce of sugar candy, lay it upon the Face, and repeat it often, alwaies a∣nointing with Honey when it is taken off.

This will be done sooner if you add fresh Butter, or Hogs grease washed in Rose water three ounces, Turpentine half an ounce, Lime five times quenched two drams, and so apply it.

Or add Lilly Roots so roasted two ounces, the Roots of Reeds, and Dragons, and Beans two drams, Melon seeds one dram, the Mucilage of Fleabane, or the Infusion of Gum Traganth one ounce, of the Citron Oyntment half an ounce: make an Oynt∣ment according to Art.

If you add a little Water of Sublimate boyled, it will soo∣ner raise the Skin.

An Onion, or Squill, or a Lilly Root often rubbed upon the part doth so raise the skin, that it will easily come off.

An evil Colour from Filth, sticking to the skin, * 1.15 is taken away with the filth as we shall shew in the Treatise of filth: those which keep the hands and Face clean have been declared.

A black, yellow, or green Colour, or the like, * 1.16 with which the skin is infected, is taken away as other filth of the skin, and it is done sooner or later as it hath taken Root.

First, that which comes to the Hands from handling green Wall-nuts, is a blackness which stic∣keth fast, but at length vanisheth of it self, and will by use of cleansers, aforementioned be sooner gone, if rubbed with the Juyce of a Lemmon, or Vinegar, and a little Colopho∣ny.

The Redness that comes upon the Hands by gathering Mul-berries, though it stay otherwise long, is quickly taken away if you rub the parts with green Mul-berries, and after wash with Water.

The Cure of Spots is according to the Diversity of the cause, which is internal, as Blood, nourishing Juyce, or Seed, or a Disease.

Black, and blew Spots do appear after Contusions and Stroaks, * 1.17 by reason of the Blood breaking through, under the scarfe skin, these, if they require cure, are to be cured as contusions whereof we spake for∣merly. But if the contusion be cured and yet the spots re∣main, then we must chiefly have regard to them. They use to go away of their own accord, because the Blood cannot grow thick putrified in the place as it doth in a large space, but is made waterish and thin, and so may pass through the Pores by insensible transpiration. But if by reason of the plenty of it, and thickness, this will not be, but it continueth, and there is fear that being thick and pu∣trified it may ulcerate, you must apply Medicines that dis∣cuss and dry, to which if we come at the first while the Blood floweth we may add astringents, but after we use on∣ly Discussers and Dryers, and they are thus made.

Herbs fresh gathered may be bruised and applyed, or a little boyled, as Wormwood, Hysop, Calamints, Organ, Hemp, Rocket, Devils bit, Arsmart, Sneeswort, Mallows, Amcos, or they are mixed with Honey, and Bran, and Cummin seed.

A Raddish Root sliced doth the same.

A Decoction of the Plants aforementioned in Wine, and Honey, with Vinegar at the first, makes a Fomentation, a Fomentation of warm water, especially if Salt, if often used will do it also.

Also the Juyces of the Plants mentioned, especially of Wormwood, boiled with Honey, and Aloes, and with the pou∣der of Cumminseed, and also the Juyce of Raddish and Corian∣der.

Divers Oyntments and Applications are made of other things, and chiefly of Nut Kernels beaten with Honey and salt.

Or Salt, Wine, and Honey mixed in equal parts, Cummin seed also poudered with the Yolk of an Egg, and Wax, or Honey, to this you may add a little Camphire.

Or, Take Bean flower, and Foenugreek, of each two ounces, Cummin one ounce, pouder of Wormwood two drams, boil them in Wine, and Honey, adding half a dram of Saffron: make an Emplaster.

Or, Take of both Comphrey Roots, of Flower-de-luce roots, each half an ounce, of Raddish one ounce, of Mallows, and Wormwood each one handful, of Chamomel, and Melilot flowers each one pugil: boil them in wine and water, then stamp them, and add two ounces of the pouder of Foenugreek or the like, Cum∣men half an ounce, of Mustard, or Rocket seed, two drams, of Frankincense, Myrrh, or Lac, each one dram, of Goats Dung, half an ounce, Salt two drams, Ox gall one dram, Honey one ounce, Oyl of Dill two ounces: make a Cataplasm.

This is most excellent, Take Orpiment half a dram, of the Meales aforementioned, two ounces: boil them in Wine for a Cataplasm.

Anoint the part with the blood that comes forth of a quill new drawn.

Or with the Gall of a Goat, or Ox, with Honey, or the Yolk of an Egg.

Or apply Goats Dung or Ox Dung with Cummin.

The Lungs of a sheep hot applyed do discuss spots.

Oyl in which Briony Roots have been boyled or the like, or of Roses, Olive, Chamomel, with Salt.

Or Oyntment of Alabaster.

Scarification doth make way for the Blood under the skin to come forth, which may be used if it be much, and stay long; least it putrifie and infect the quick part and make a Gangrene, in the suspicion of which you must sca∣rifie deep.

But if by putrefaction an Imposthume, or Ulcer be bred, you must cure it as an Imposthume or Ulcer. If a Gan∣grene be as it happens from a great Contusion sometimes, then it must be cured as a contusion and Gangrene, of which we spake formerly.

Spots that come from the dispersing of the Blood through the skin, * 1.18 if they be small, and red and little as Freckles, like Fleabites, they somtimes go away by in∣sensible Transpiration or by sweat, as also the broad Anthonies fire; yet if they continue long they require cure, as Tetters and those bloody Spots that are so red in the face and other parts, which are hard to be cured. And that which is called the Rosy drop is very difficult, if the face be also full of Pustles, and the Nose much swollen.

If then you desire to cure these, which some despaire of, and therefore neglect, you must begin thus. First purge the Body in respect of the abundance of humors, and you must let blood in the Arm for Revulsion, or in the Fore head. for the Face, or under the Tongue for Derivation, or by scarification in the sides of the Neck and Shoulders, and by Cupping-glasses, to draw from the Face, often repeating them, either with or without scarification. And this may be done by Horsleeches to the Face, Nose, or there about the Nostrils, or cheeks, or chin, or behind the Ears. Then use things that alter, which allay the Heat, and cool the Blood, and keep it from running so violently into the part, either by way of Diet or Physick; As hath been de∣clared in Diseases of Blood.

The Topical Medicines which are applyed to the part

must in these red spots be such as cool and astringe the blood, and such as consume the abundant Juyce by a dry∣ing and digesting Quality, if the spots turn to Pustles, and these must be strong, if the swelling be hard by adding if other things fail, such as corrode and burn.

These are applyed in Liquors, Waters and Oyntments, with which you must anoint, or wash the red Pustles; or if you apply strong things, you must only touch the Pu∣stles: they are divers.

First, they are made of Plants, as Water of Straw-berries, Ash, and Mullein flowers, with Camphire, and wine of straw∣berries.

Another usual which is very good: Take in the Spring one pint of Straw-berries, or in Winter one pint of sour Grapes, of Goats milk two pints, twelve whites of Eggs, and the Muei∣lage, of Fleabane, and Quinces, of Gum Traganth, made in Rose or Plantane water, four ounces, of Camphire two drams, distil them. You may add Vinegar, Juyce of Lemmons, or the Plants following, also Allum, and Sulphur.

Or use this following. Take of Speare, Dock-roots three ounces, of Plantane, Nightshade, Sorrel, Mallows, Fumitory, each one handful, of Roses, Violets, Water-lillies, Honey suckles, Willow, each one pugil, of Lemmons, Oranges, or sharp Ap∣ples, seven or nine, of green Mulberries, Strawberries, or grapes half a pound, of Allum half an ounce, of Camphire one dram: distil them, Brimstone added makes it better, but it will sweat so, well.

You may add Water-lillies, great Penny-wort, Housleek, bastard Dittany, Pomegranate flowers, green or dry.

Or thus; Take Goats milk four pints, of ordinary meal, as much as is sufficient, and make Bread thereof, half bake it, and take of the Crust, and break it in pieces, and dissolve it with four pints more of Goats milk, adding Lemmons peeled and sli∣ced twelve, Raddish, and Spear-Dock Roots, each two ounces, whites of Eggs beaten twelve, Allum half an ounce, Tartar, and Sugar, each three drams, white Coral, two drams, Egg shells calcined, and Camphire each on dram: mix them well, and distil a water from them by a Lembeck.

Allum water, so called, of Plantane, and Purslain water, Oyl, Allum, and whites of Eggs is good also.

This following Vitriol water is good against a red Face. Take of the water of Froggs-Spaun, Mullein, Fern, each two pints and an half, of the Ʋrine of a young Boy three pints, to these mixed, add of the Treacle of Andromaehus two ounces and an half, of Vitriol, Salt, Allum each four ounces, draw a water by the Embers, or Balneum Maris, till the residents are dry. To which water add Camphire, and Saffron, each one ounce: keep it for Use.

The pouder of Spear-Dock roots, and the ashes of Daffodils, with Oyls, make a laudable Oyntment.

The hot blood of a Hare, or other Creatures is good to take away Redness.

Of quick Brimstone Applications are especially good to take away Redness.

If it be mixed with cooling or astringent Juyces, as the Juyce of Housleek, Nightshade, or Plantane, or some sweet wa∣ter, as of Roses.

Or, Take of quick Brimstone one ounce, of white Frankin∣cense half an ounce, of Camphire two drams, dissolve them in one pint of Strawberry, or Rose-water, and you may add the Juyce of a Lemmon, or sour Pomegranates. And it will be better if you add common Salt, Salt Ammoniak, or of Al∣lum two ounces, or Lithargie boiled in Vinegar, or Ceruss.

Or, Take of live Brimstone half an ounce, of Lytharge, made white by Decoction in Vinegar two drams, of Frankin∣cense one dram, of Camphire half a dram, of Grains of Para∣dise, or Ginger one scruple, of Citron Oyntment, or white with Camphire, two ounces: make a Liniment, and if you add half a dram of Orpiment, it will be better.

They make a white Water of Lytharge called Virgins milk, which takes away all evil Colours from the Face especially Redness. It is made thus, Take of Lytharge poudered two ounces, of white Wine Vinegar six ounces, more or less as it is in strength, steep them, often shaking them, or boil them a little.

This done let the thick part settle, and pour off the clear and strain it. Then Take of Allum, or Salt or both two oun∣ces, dissolve them in Spring-water, or other distilled water good for the Face, as of Beans, Lillies, and Rose-water for the sent sake, six ounces, one dram or two of Borax, and a little Cam∣phire when we will use these two Waters, we take equal Proportions, and though they were clear before, (being mixed) they turn as white as Milk, with this wash the face; and if it be too sharp, you may add more water. Also by mixing the Ingredients of both Liquors, steeping or boyl∣ing them, this Milk is made; if you will cleanse more you may ad a little Oyl of Tartar or the like.

Another Water excellent in a red swollen Face, and when there are scales and Hardness. Take of Lithargy one ounce, of Allum one dram, of Borax three drams, of Ceruss half an ounce, of Vinegar two ounces, or Rose, Plantane water, or the like, four ounces: boyl them to the Consumption of the third part, strain them, add a little Juyce of Lemmons.

There is also a distilled water of the Virgins Milk men∣tioned which is good. Or this, Take of pouder of Litharge one pound, of Vinegar two pints: steep and boyl them, then add of Bean-water or the like one pint, draw a water ad∣ding sometimes other things, as Allum, Camphire, Borax, Oyl of Tartar before it be distilled.

Or use this Oyntment: Take of Litharge prepared white (which is by infusing it thrice in Vinegar, and drying it) two ounces, add Vinegar, and Oyl of Guord seeds, as much as will make a Liniment, with Camphire dissolved in Rose-water half a dram.

A profitable and convenient Water is made of Tartar thus. Take of calcined Tartar half a pound, of burnt Allum one ounce and an half, of Borax one ounce, of Sugar candy two ounces, of Camphire two ounces, of whites of Eggs beaten twenty, of the Mucilage of Fleabane seed one ounce and an half, of the Juyce of Lemmons, or of Vinegar two ounces: draw a water.

There is a powerful Oyntment made of Camphire, Take of unsleaked Lime two ounces, quick Brimstone half an ounce: pouder them, and boil them in Vinegar to an Oyntment.

An excellent Medicine of Quick-silver. Take of Peach Kernels, or bitter Almonds, chew them a little, and being brought to a Paste, take out the milky Juyce with a linnen strain∣ed, and put thereto as much as a Nut of burnt Allum then take as much Quick-silver as a Pease, and rub it in your Hands so long with spittle till it grows black, then mix it well with the a∣foresaid milkie Juyce, anoint the Face at bed time therewith, and in the morning, for the space of a Week; this done, before you go abroad wash it thus: make a paste of Bean meal, and Rice, with whites of Eggs beaten, keep this in balls, and soften one of them in water for a Night, and then rub the Face therewith up∣on a Towel.

Another is made thus, Take of Quick-silver one dram, of Fir-tree Rosin washed, one ounce: mix them well, then add half an ounce of Borax, one ounce of Sugar candy, of Cuttlebone two drams, of Soap two ounces, of Oyl of Tartar two drams or more, with as much Oyl of sweet Almonds, or of Roses, as will make a Liniment, you may add the Juyce of Sorrel, Spear, Docks, or Lemmons, and Litharge.

Excellent Medicines and strong are made of Sublimate, to be onely touched lightly, with which the Pustles being touched till the Skin be taken off, they fall away and dry or consume; thus they are made: Take of Sublimate one dram, of Juyce of Lemmons, or Vinegar one ounce, of some con∣venient Water four ounces, of whites of Eggs six in number: let them be steeped together close stopped.

Or thus, Take of Sublimate half a dram, of Litharge half an ounce, of white Wine Vinegar four ounces: boil them till the third part be consumed, to the strained Liquor ad milk, the Juyce of Lemmons, or Oranges, and a little Oyl of Tartar.

The Emulsion of Variola to take away Redness of the Face, which is most rare is thus made, Take of Spring-wa∣ter, in a glass ten pints, let it stand twenty four hours before to cleanse it, to this put in a thin rag of linnen one pound of white Poppy seeds bruised with two whites of Eggs, and two drams of Sublimate sweetned and wel poudered, shake them in a well stopt

glass for an hour: to these add about the Conclusion of shaking of white Sugar, and Borax burnt a little upon a hot Fire-shovel each six ounces. With this emulsion wash the face, morning and evening. You may use other Medicines that are made of Sublimate, and Arsenick that corrode and burn, mentioned in venemous Pustles, if they be very hard to be taken off.

A Fume of Brimstone, and Frankincense cast upon coales, taken upon the Face, cures the Redness thereof, as we see red Roses fumed with Brimstone presently wax white; but you must do it warily, and keep your breath, and shut your Eyes.

The Cure which belongs to these spots which come by Nature, * 1.19 from the nourish∣ing Juyce in the Pores, is chiefly against things which come of evil Juyce, that when they are hurtful, and threaten Dan∣ger, these Spots may be taken away, as the Morphew, and Scurse and the like. Those which come not by Nature, and evil Juyce as Frec∣kles, although many, because they are usual to some and go away at Winter, or are less after hot weather are not medled with commonly. But because some think they deform, and desire to have them taken away: I shall teach the Cure of them.

The same is observed by Moles, that are Natural, and therefore not thought evil, and not regarded except they deform.

But in the Cure of all these spots, the internal cause must first be removed, as in Morphew and the like; but in others since the cause is not hurtful, as in Moles and Frec∣kles it is not needful, except the body be other way foul, and we determine to make the Topick Medicines work the better, to cleanse the Body.

In foul Spots we first evacuate, and with those things which we use to cleanse the body in the like filth, as the Scab and Itch, and we take heed by good Diet and alte∣ring Medicines, that they return not again.

As for Topicks that are used to take away spots which are so evil as Morphew &c. they must be of a drying and cleansing Quality, by which they consume them insensibly, and if weak things will not, use stronger, which eat off the same. And if that will not do, use Caustiks and Corroders, which will plainly burn or dry them up, or else take them off by manual operation: thus we can do in Moles. In Len∣tigines, or Freckles, we may do it with easier Medicines, because they are many, and it is not safe to use strong Medi∣cines to all, except in one place we desire to take off many. The Remedies mentioned for evil spots by vitious Blood, as Tetters, Pustles of the face, and the like, are good here, and they all do it either by cleansing onely, or by corro∣ding, or burning or by pricking, or shaving off.

The cleansing Medicines that do not corrode, both weak and strong which are proper for these, are divers, as those called Comptica and Cosmetica, by which the blackness is corrected, as we shewed, and especially in taking away the lentils and in other spots they can do it by constant use.

To these are the cleansers following applyed, to which if the skin be thick, we add Emollients and they are rub∣ed upon them, and if we will have them work sooner and better by the fire or Sun, they are taken from divers things from Roots and Herbs, these bruised or cut are rubbed or applyed, as the Roots of Dragons, Sowbread, wild Gourd, Briony, Flower-de-luce, Raddish, Onions heads, Daffo∣dills, Leeks, also white Hellebore, Solomons Seal, Spear-Dock, Madder, Alkanet, Capars, black Chameleon, Wa∣ter-lillies, Asphodel, Gum Succory, wild Lettice, Beets, Coleworts, Penny-royal, Agnus castus, wild Purslain, also the Stones of wild Vines, and Fruit of the wild Guord.

If you rub fresh Soap-wort bruised, it will froath like Soap, whence it hath its Name, and will cleanse well.

These bruised or a little torrisied if hard, you may add the Meal of Lupines, Orobus, and the like, and to make them stronger, Vinegar and Honey.

With these Decoctions of Plants made in water or wine, or with Lye thereof being hot, the spots are rubbed or ba∣thed especially if there be many, as Lentigines, or Freckles, with other astringents, as Roots of Danewort, Elicampane, Lillies, Leaves of Pellitory, Mercury, Mallows, Marsh-mal∣lows, brank Ursine, Bugloss, scabious, Fumitory, Hops, Succo∣ry, Sorrel, Violets, Cranes bill, Yarrow, Wormwood, the less Centaury, Water-cresses, and Senna, with bran and bean-flower, stilled Waters also of stronger Plants, and of Rosins, of Fir and Larke-tree.

Anoint them with the Juyce of Plants, as of the Roots of Dragons, wild Cowoumber, or Elaterium, Flower-de-luce, Gen∣tian, Dock, Capars, Thapsia &c. and chiefly with Juyce of ca∣pars, Leeks, Squills, Daffodil, Scabiose, Cole worts, Lemmons.

Oyl of Plants are used especially in the Morphew, as of Mustard seed, and Spurge, also Oyl wherein Laurel, and spurge have boyled, or Rose Laurel, the Juyce of Elm leaves, and of a Beet stalk, take away any spots.

The Pouders of Plants, with Vinegar, or Juyce of a Lem∣mon, or Honey, or Oyl of Grease, or the Yolks of Eggs, as of both Dragons, Solomons Seal, wild Cowcumber, Briony, white Hellebore, also the meale of Lupines, Orobus, Beans, Oatts, al∣so Mustard seed, Raddish seed, and Rape seed in pouder, and Roc∣ket, Cabbage, Nettle, Nigella, Hatchet vetch, Ricinum, and Peach kernels torrified and poudered with Agarick, the ashes of Garlick, Lillies. and birthwort Roots,

The Grease which is taken from living Creatures, as of the Fish Thymallus takes away Freckles.

The Blood of an Hare hot, takes away spots, also the gall of Beasts, and Fishes.

Pigeons Dung, or sheeps Dung, with Vinegar, Oyl in which quick Lizards were boyled, with Wine till it be con∣sumed is good against Morphew.

Also red Ants tyed in a clout and pressed till the Juyce is taken forth.

Of earthly salt Juyces, common Salt, or Salt Gem, or Ammoniacum, or Niter, or Borax made of it, Allum, Ha∣lyonia, or sea Froath, with vinegar, and Juyce of Lemmons.

The Pyrites, or Fire-stone, or Lazule with strong Vine∣gar.

Tartar by it self, or calcined, is also good especially the Oyl thereof, this doth excellently.

And thus may it be made: Take of Tartar of white Wine, with Vinegar made into a ball, put it in clouts under the Embers, let it be burnt a little, then use it with Honey or it self, for it will dissolve, if you quench Gold often in sack and ad a little white Tartar thereto, it takes away Freckles.

The Compounds are these, made of Plants, whose De∣coction is good, with salt, common or Ammoniaok, Ni∣ter, or Allum.

The Waters are thus made, Take of Docks, and Roots, four pounds, flice them, add Vinegar four ounces, Tartar two drams, Sal Niter half an ounce, distil a water for use.

Another, Take of Raddish Roots one pound, of Orris, and Dock roots, and Lillies, each half a pound, of wild Cowcumber, or Solomons seal, of unripe Grapes, each one quarter of a pound, of Pellitorry, water Parsley, Centaury the less, each one handful, of cold seeds, Rape, or Rocket seed each an ounce, of Barley bread, or Bean flower, one quarter of a pound, Turpentine one ounce; of Urin two ounces: distil them, you may add Myrrh, Frankincense, each half an ounce, of liquid Storax one dram.

Or this. Take of bitter Almonds, Peach Kernels, and Apricock Kernels, two pugils, of the Meale of Pease, Rice, Beans, each one pugil, of the four cold seeds the greater, each one pugil and an half: sprinkle them with the Deco∣ction of sharpe Dock-roots, and Lemmons, or of Oranges, and Citrons, and with Ceruss, two ounces, Tartar one ounce, of common Salt, or Niter, or Borax, half an ounce, of Camphire, one dram: make a water of this paste.

An excellent Water: Take of Tartar calcined, one pound, Frankincense, or Mastich, each half an ounce, of Camphire four drams, some whites of Eggs, distil them. In∣stead of Tartar, you may use the same weight of Soap.

Virgins Milk is good also, Take of Litharge one ounce, of Allum, Borax, Ceruss, each half an ounce, of Camphire two drams, of Tartar half an ounce, of white Wine Vinegar, one pint, of Lilly-water, and Bean flower water, each four ounces, of Rose water one ounce: boil and strain them by a philter, add the Juyce of Lemmons, water of Docks each three ounces, Bo∣rax, Camphire, of Sugar candy each five drams: boil them a∣gain gently, and strain them for use.

Liniments are made of the Juyces mentioned with Salt and Niter, and Borax, and Camphire.

Another Oyntment. Take of the Juyce of Dragon roots, and other Herbs mentioned of Moulein, three ounces, of meale of Lupines two drams, of Orris roots one dram, of Pigeons Dung one dram and an half, of Oyl of bitter Almonds, or of Eggs one one ounce and an half, of Oyl of Myrrh half an ounce, of Tur∣pentine as much as is sufficient.

There are other Oyntments. Take of the pouder of the a∣foresaid Plants half an ounce, of Ammoniacum, or Niter, or Borax, or Allum, one dram, of Myrrh half a dram, Camphire one scruple, with the Juyce of Oranges, or with Honey or Soap mix them.

For the Freckles: Take of Dragons the great or less, or the middle bark of an Elm, half an ounce, of Cuttle bone two drams, of Frankincense one dram, of Liquid Storax half a dram: make them up as before.

In the Morphew: Take of Raddish seed, Nigella each two drams, of white Hellebore, Allum, or Sal Ammoniak each one dram, of burnt Galls one dram: with Honey, and Vinegar, make a Liniment.

A stronger, thus made: Take Borax, or Niter, Allum each half an ounce, of Tartar calcined two drams, of the meale of Lu∣pines, or Orobus half an ounce, the Roots of both Hellebores each half a dram, of Mustard seed one dram; of soft Soap or hard four ounces, of the Juyce of Dock roots, and Elicampane, each one ounce, of the Rosin of the Fir-tree a little, stir them well.

Verdegreece makes stronger Oyntments, if half a dram, be mixed with half an ounce of the rest, sometimes Capars alone, or with Verdegreece with Oyl of Tartar.

Or, Take of Aegyptiacum two drams, of burnt Allum one dram, of Oyl of Tartar half an ounce: mix them. If it be sharpe, add a little Oyl of Roses.

Or thus, Take of white Hellebore, and Dragon Roots, each one dram and an half, Staphsager, Raddish seeds each one dram, of Savin half a dram, of Pepper one scruple, of Sal Ammoniack one dram, of Verdegreece one scruple, of Sulphur one dram, with Vinegar make Troches, which you may dissolve with Vineger or Juyce of Lemmons when you use them.

Corroding and caustick Medicines which consume spots and Pustles, some with pain, some without, as in the Mor∣phew which is insensible, which are to be used warily least they hurt the part adjacent, and must only touch the parts affected are,

Of Sublimate, and Arfenick especially mixed with the aforesaid Oyntments.

Also a little Sublimate with the white or Yolk of an Egg, or any Mucilage, or Oyl, or Grease, may with caution, be applyed.

Or the Pustles may be touched with a water made of the Decoction of the same, which is this: Take of sublimate half an ounce, of some convenient Water, to which add Rose-water six ounces: boil them to the Consumption of the third part, if this be too sharp, it may be made weaker, also you may mix Oyl of Tartar.

That Water which remains as the preparation of subli∣mate, or the Aqua fortis of Gold-smiths doth the same.

Or use this following: Take of sublimate one dram, of Cantharides two drams, of Arsenick one scruple, of Wil∣low, Arcoale one dram: pouder them, boil them in Water-lilly water, or Plantane four ounces, till they grow thick, add some Drops of Aqua fortis, dip a little Cotton therein, and touch the spots morning and evening, till they blister which you shall anoint with Ʋuguentum Citri∣num.

Or make this sollowing Paste, and apply a bit of it dis∣solved in any water: Take of sublimate, and Allum each as much as a Pease, Borax two drams: burn them upon a hot Iron, and pouder them, with Mastich, Sarcocol, and Sugar candy, each half a dram: mix them well, in a Mor∣tar with soft Soap, adding a little Ox gall, and after some Bean flower, and pouder of Nuts, let them be well dryed and made into a paste, and dryed for Use.

Besides these there are other Vesicatories, as the Leaves and Roots of Crow-foot beaten, and the Leaves of Laurel, and the Milk of spurge, and the like mentioned formerly.

Also Cantharides and unslaked Lime, with Vinegar.

Also they may be taken away with an actual or ponten∣tial Cautery, especially such as cause no pain made of lime and wine-Lees, or with the water made of Cauteries.

To prick many Holes is good in the Morphew, by which if the Blood flow, there is hope of Recovery.

Also it is good to shave them often.

The Cure of spots that come from a Disease was explained in the Cure of those Diseases whence they arise; * 1.20 as of an Erisipelas in Feavers synochus, also we have declared the cure of the Pustles in the French Pox, Leprosie, Scurvy, which do indeed constitute the Diseases it self, as it is in the skin, and produceth them, in the Treatise of those Diseases others require no other cure but of the Disease, as those in Feavers, which vanish with the Feaver the chief cure is to keep them from external cold least they be thereby stricken in.

Also there are other red; violet colour'd, and black spots in malignant Feavers, and when the Feavers cease they va∣nish, or they end alwaies with Death, which they presage.

But those spots which turn to Pustles which are called Ecthymata or Variolae, * 1.21 although they often require no other cure but that of the Disease; in which we rather provoke there comming forth, then hinder them, and take no more thought of them, because they commonly vanish of themselves or dry up, or turn to little Ulcers, and so are cured of themselves: yet if these come on slowly, some things may be given which may make them sooner dry and come to maturity.

To dry them, they must be wet with this Decoction with a quill or feather, or a clout. Take of Lentils half an ounce, of the inner bark of a Tamarisk three drams, of Myrtle-berries one dram, of Broom flowers half a dram: boil them in water, adding at the Conclusion a little Rose∣water.

For private Use you may put into the Decoction two drams of red Sanders, or half a dram of saffron, and they will discolour it.

It will dry better if you season it with Salt: and Allum.

The Juyce of Pomegranates that is between sharpe and sweet, will soonest dry them and others of that Kind.

That they may be sooner ripe, anoint them with Hogs grease, or rub them with the insides of Figgs, or with the Yolk of an Egg, or the like.

When they are ripe they open of themselves usually. And if not, or if it be long a doing in regard then the flesh will be eaten with the Matter contained, there will be a hollow Utcer, and there will be left a Scar, with a pit. Therefore to avoid this great Deformity of the Face, they must soon be opened with a Needle or sharpe Instrument. (which if made of Gold is supposed to leave the less scar.) It often happens that when they are ripe, the Matter en∣deavouring to get forth, causeth itching, which causeth scratching which leaves them open. And this women are very sollicitous to keep their Children from, supposing that it causeth the pitting, but falsly, for it comes from their want of opening and the long continuing of the Matter. After they are open, because they are covered with a scab which is made of the dry matter, because it will fall of it self, you need not use any means.

But if any remain long, rub them with a fat piece of skin that is salted, or other Emollient and they will quickly fall off. And in regard they are small Ulcers, if you cleanse them often from filth, they will heal of their own accord with Application of any thing: but if there remain any Scars in the face, they must be cured as is said concerning Ulcers.

If the Pox do not only annoy the skin, but the Nostrils within, and there turn Ulcers, we shewed the Cure of them in the Ulcers of the Nostrils: as also in the Treatise of the Lungs and Jawes, if they be there. Among other things sharpe Vinegar smelt unto often, keeps the Pox from en∣tring into the Nostrils.

The Cure of the discolouring of the Eyes, which comes from Diseases, * 1.22 was explained in the Diseases of the same; as Redness, in the Inflammation of the Eyes true or false, or in the Treatise of Rheums. The red or blew spots, are declared in the stroaks, and the white spots, in the spots, suffusions and scars of the Eyes.

But if the Pox or Meazles get into the Eyes, you must labour to prevent them. Therefore anoint the Eyes being shut with these following, if any of it shall get into the eyes by chance it wil rather do good then hurt.

As Rose, Plantane, Myrtle and Coriander Waters.

The common Water is that of Roses wel coloured with Saffron,

Or the Decoction or the Infusion of Sumach leaves, in the said water.

Or drop in the Juyce of the Flowers and Fruit of sweet Po∣megranates, mixed with the Juyce of Henbane.

Or the pouder of Henbane flowers, with sharpe'wine, is to anoint the Eye-lidds.

A good Eye-water. Take of the pouder of Sumach flowers one dram, of Coriander seed or Myrtles prepared half a dram, of Saffron one scruple, of Camphire half a scruple, of the waters aforesaid, eight ounces: mix them well.

It wil be stronger if you ad a little Juyce of Pomegranates.

Some think that if you compass the Eyes about with sa∣phyrs of Gold they will keep out the Pox.

When they are in the outside of the Eye-brows, you may also use the aforementioned water dropping it also into the Eyes, adding of Tutty prepared, or the white Troches of Rhasis half a dram. And if they turn to an Ulcer by suppuration, there is Danger of loosing the sight, and then they must be cured, as the Ulcers of the Eyes mentioned, and be sprinkled with the fine pouder of Beans, and Sugar candy, and other things mentioned in scars, to prevent and take away the scar.

Some use this Art to make grey Eyes black, * 1.23 which they take to be the most beautiful: they put into the Eye, the fine pouder of Nuts with water.

We have seen grey Eyes turn black of their own accord, in time: and I saw a Man some few years since, in the House of my Father now deceased, that had one grey Eye, and another black, which was ridiculous. And when he put his hand between his Eyes, he seemed still another Man.

When the Teeth are discoloured, and by reason of filth and scales black or yellow, * 1.24 they are divers waies white∣ned, as was shewed.

The discolouring of the Nails re∣quire not a peculiar Cure, * 1.25 unlese there be other faults as clefts, corrosions &c. of which we spake in Deformities.

For if they begin to wax black, by reason of Paleness of Body, or to have black spots underneath, by reason of some stroak or bruise, in regard the Colour is not in the Nayles but in the Flesh underneath, and is seen through them be∣ing transparent, they must be cured no otherwise then was mentioned in Paleness and Bruises; and if Blackness un∣der the Nails be from filth, we shall declare the Cure in the Treatise of Filth in General.

As for the white specks which are in the Nails by reason of thick Juyce, in regard they are not evil, but signs of long life especially if they be many, as in young Men, or if few in old Men they have hope of long life: therefore are they commendable,

That Discolouration is chiefly obser∣ved in Hair which is exactly white, * 1.26 as in old age, because it is venerable, it is not meddled with: but young people study to change. Some disdain the red Hair, and others highly esteem it. To change them into other Colours is impossi∣ble, because in grey hairs, there is such dryness which takes away their perspicuity, as we shewed, that they cannot be changed: and in red and the like, the Juyce that nourish∣eth will alwaies produce the like by assimulation; as we see, when hair is pluckt off, the like grows again, and in Birds if one feather be pluckt off, although all there about are of another colour, yet there will be another of the same Colour with that pluckt off, as I have often tryed in Pi∣geons.

Some old men desire to be black or the like, and to seem young. * 1.27 And young men if they have any grey Hairs in Head or Beard, as often is seen, they desire to have them like the rest, or to make red hairs black; and this is done by the Comptorian Art mentioned, by which another Colour is made that will not continue. By adding chiefly astringents which may make them black or at least obscure them; * 1.28 but that they which grow after may be of the like colour, it cannot be done and therefore we cannot prevent the appearing of grey hairs, except we use them constantly, which is not only troublesome but hurtful for the Head; but to make the Head or Beard black, you may wash or anoint them with these following.

A Decoction, made in Lye, or Rain-water, or Iron wa∣ter, wherein Iron is quenched, or of Galls, green Wal-nuts, Beech mast, Cypress, Myrtles-berries, Willow-roots, Mastich-tree leaves, Myrtles, Sumach, Mulberries, black Berries, Cy∣press, Roses: and it will be stronger, if you add Litharge, fi∣ling of Iron, or Rust and Vinegar, or other astringent Juyce.

The Decoction of Myrobalans is approved, and also, of Capar roots, or Leaves of Ophris like jagged Coleworts, or black Vine.

And if the head be to be washed you must ad such things as respect the Head; chiefly Sage, and Bay-leaves, and the like.

They say if you wash hairs with Wine in which a Horse∣leech hath been drowned it will make them black.

Stilled Waters of the strongest Plants mentioned, may do somthing, especially if before you still them, you add Sal Niter, Sal Gem, and Vitriol.

Also a Water drawn from Ink may be good, which if u∣sed by it self would black the Body too much.

Some approve the water of Danwort, with Gum Arabick.

Oyl also wherein a Lizard hath been boiled, or in which the shells of Nuts, and Allum hath been boyled.

Or that Oyl which is put into the hollow of a Coloquin∣tida Apple, with a little Orpiment and rosted in the Em∣bers, and then strained out, some add thereto the Seed of Henbane.

Or, Take of common Oyl, or of Myrtles, or of Mastich, half a pint, of Juyce of green Nuts, four ounces, Vinegar two ounces, Acacia, or Hypocistis, one ounce, of Galls half an ounce, of Al∣lum two drams, Vitriol one dram: boil and strain them. You may also boil therein other aftringents, as Myrtle berries, Cypress-nuts, Myrobalans, Acorn cupps, Sumach &c. also Labdanum.

There are other Oyntments, as of Galls, or Pomegranate peels, and Allum, boiled in Vinegar, or Oyl

Or, of the Juyce of green Wall-nut shells, or of Acacia, Hy∣pocistis, Labdanum, and Allum, and Sal Gem or Niter, dis∣solved in Oyl of Myrtles, or Juyce of Beets.

Or of Litharge boiled in Lye to half a pint, whereof if you

add four ounces of burnt Brass, it will be better, and half an ounce, of Oyl of Tartar, after it is boyled.

Another Oyntment. Take of Litharge, and burnt brass, the quantity before mentioned, unslaked Lime, ten ounces: and boyl them in water to the Form of a Liniment

We make hair black by Degrees with a Comb, if we a∣noint the Teeth thereof with the aforesaid Remedies; or with the filings of Iron, or Rust or of Lead boiled in Vine∣gar.

It will be of better Operation, if two drams of filings of Iron be dissolved in Aqua fortis, with a little pouder of Orpiment, and therewith anoint the inside of the Teeth of the Comb, not at the ends, least they touch the skin, and cause Ulceration.

To comb the Head and Beard with a leaden Comb of∣ten, is thought a good way to make Hair black.

In blacking of hair, you must note that these Medicines are so to be ordered that they compleatly make black, least the same happen to them that use them as did to an old Man, not long since, who marrying a young Wench, desi∣rous to make his grey hairs black, to please his Spouse with a sophisticated Youth: made his hair of his Head, Beard and Eye brows green, to the great Laughter of the Behol∣ders.

Moreover, if the Hair be very black, and have no yel∣low or inclination to brown: they that are studious of got∣ting Beauty, do diminish the blackness a little.

And that they may not seem so ex∣tream black, * 1.29 which they count un∣comely, or white which the high Dutch call Steis and the French blond, they use these following.

They first wash them with Lye, and while they are wet, they fume them with melted Brimstone, and when they are dry they anoint with the poplar Oyntment, and the fume of burnt Brimstone will do it better.

The Lye of Vine ashes doth the same, or in which the the Roots of Elicampane, the greater Centaury, Raddish, the barks of the Roots of Capars have been boiled, you may add Allum and Sulphur.

Or make this Wash. Take of Sulphur two drams, of Fran∣kincense one dram, Allum half a dram, Swallows Dung, two drams, of Raddish seed poudered, and the barks of Capar roots, and of Elicampane, each one dram, of Ox gall half an ounce. With Vinegar or Glew dissolved in water: make a Liniment, you may add the ashes of the white flowers of Moulein

To make hair yellow, which the Vene∣tian ladies do extreamly labour for; * 1.30 they are first to be prepared, that they may better take the Colour, with water in which Allum, Salt, or Niter or Tartar have been dissol∣ved or boiled: or wash them first with the plain Lye afore∣mentioned.

A water to prepare is made also of Agrimony, Dragons, Cuckow-pintle, with Vinegar, and the fourth part Niter, and of Honey, with Gum Arabick.

A Lye to wash hair is made of the ashes of Vines, and Oat chaff, with ashes of Ivy wood, of Cabbage, and Bean flowers; and pouder of Herbs: all these are laid upon Oat, or Barley straw, and the water is strained through them for to make a Lye.

A Decoction to wash hair also is made of water and com∣mon Lye of Vine ashes or the like, in which you boyl things that have yellow Juyce, as shavings of Box, Barbe∣ry bark, Orange or Citron bark, the middle bark of Elder, Roots of Celandine, Liquorish, Turmerick, the yellow flowers of French Lavender, of Mullin, Broom, Dyers flo∣wer, sometimes with Rhubarb, and Saffron, and other Plants which do the same, as Nettle Roots, Agrimony, the Capilar Herbs, Barley, and Oat chaff, Lupines, Cummin, Foenugreek, also Ivory shavings, adding somtimes Myrrh, and Tartar, or Salt, or Niter.

Anoint with Oyl in which shavings of Box, Celandine∣roots, Saffron, and the like have been boyled, or Myrrh.

An Oyntment. Take of Myrrh two drams, of Tartar one dram and an half, of Salt one dram, of Saffron half a dram, with Oyl in which some of the aforesaid have been boiled: make a Liniment, some add burnt Bees.

To make Hair red, * 1.31 which is thought most beautiful in some Countryes, you must wash them with the Decoction of Madder roots, Ra∣dish, Lote-tree rasped, Lupines, and Wormwood made in Water, or Lye, also the Juyce of Raddish, Bucks-Thorn, or Raddish water, or the Oyl of wild Cowcumbers, with calci∣ned Tartar.

Alcanna, or Hanna in Barbery, (some sticks whereof are brought from the Barbery Coasts saith Lobel, being yel∣low within, which Dodonaeus takes to be the Cypress of Dioscorides, different from privet, which they took for it) is the best to make hair yellow; and usual to my Know∣ledg, among the Turks which admire red hair in Women and Children, and it is so strong that it dyeth the Nails al∣so and other parts when they please. The Leaves thereof bruised are rubbed on, either by themselves, or moistned first in the Juyce of the Root as Dioscorides. In defect whereof, I beleeve if we boil those sticks which are brought over they will do the same: or Oyl of Cypress which is made thereof and is counted excellent for the same.

To make the Head and Beard sweet, * 1.32 you must mix sweet Herbs, as sweet Marjoram, Lavender flowers, Cloves, Nutmegs, Musk, Ambergreece and the like, in Decoctions and Liniments.

And there is a sweet Soap which is made divers waies for that purpose.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Cure of Ca∣chexy or evil Ha∣bit of body.
• * 1.2

  The Cure of the Jaundies.
• * 1.3

  The Cure of Redness
• * 1.4

  The Cure of Paleness.
• * 1.5

  Blackness.
• * 1.6

  Blackmores.
• * 1.7

  Ordinary Swar∣thiness, the Cure of it.
• * 1.8

  Medicines by the beautify∣ing Art.
• * 1.9

  Fucus.
• * 1.10

  Medicines made by the Cosmetick Art.
• * 1.11

  Remedies that make the face & hands soft and white.
• * 1.12

  Remedies a∣gainst wrinkles.
• * 1.13

  Medicines that make the Lipps and Cheeks red.
• * 1.14

  The Cure of Sun-burning.
• * 1.15

  The Cure of the Pollution of the Skin by Filth.
• * 1.16

  The Cure of the discolouring of the skin from external causes.
• * 1.17

  The Cure of blackness from Stroaks.
• * 1.18

  The Cure of all kinds of red spots, Fleabits or Frec∣kles, Erysipelas, Tetter, Rosy∣drop.
• * 1.19

  The Cure of di∣vers Spots, Scurfe, Tetters and moates that are Natural.
• * 1.20

  The Cure of the spots in Feavers Erysipelas, smal Pox, Meazles & the like, malig∣nant spots, or of the Pox, or Le∣prosie, or Scur∣vy.
• * 1.21

  Of Pustles in the small Pox.
• * 1.22

  The Cure of stroaks and white spots of the Eyes and of the Pox, or Meazles therein.
• * 1.23

  Things that make black Eyes.
• * 1.24

  The Cure of the dis∣colouring of the teeth
• * 1.25

  The Cure of Nails discoloured.
• * 1.26

  The Cure of dis∣colouring of the Hair.
• * 1.27

  The cure of grey Hairs.
• * 1.28

  Things that make white Hairs black.
• * 1.29

  The Remedies that make hair less black.
• * 1.30

  Medicines to make Hair yellow.
• * 1.31

  Medicines to to make red Hairs.
• * 1.32

  Things that make Hair sweet.