Platerus golden practice of physick: fully and plainly discovering, I. All the kinds. II. The several causes of every disease. III. Their most proper cures, in respect to the kinds, and several causes, from whence they come. After a new, easie, and plain method; of knowing, foretelling, preventing, and curing, all diseases incident to the body of man. Full of proper observations and remedies: both of ancient and modern physitians. In three books, and five tomes, or parts. Being the fruits of one and thirty years travel: and fifty years practice of physick. By Felix Plater, chief physitian and professor in ordinary at Basil. Abdiah Cole, doctor of physick, and the liberal arts. Nich. Culpeper, gent. student in physick, and astrology.

Which is the THIRD OF THE Whole Work.

Of Dolors, or Griefs, or Pains.

BY Dolor we understand here every Molestation or trouble of the five Senses: of which sick people com∣plain more then of the hurt of any Function, which is joyned there∣with, we therefore shall not speak in this Book of Pain or Dolor, as it is in the sense of Feeling, but as it is in all the Senses. These Dolors are distinguished in respect of the senses wherein they are, for all the sen∣ses may be offended, but divers waies. For the four senses in the Face, and the fifth which is over all the Body do suffer divers waies.

The Senses in the Face, as Seeing, Hea∣ring, Smelling, Tasting, have not such great pains, as the Sense of Feeling, and are sooner allayed. Of these we shall speak in the first Chapter, Page 187.

The sense of Feeling, which is through the whole Body, hath divers greivous and continuing pains; as Heat, Cold, Itching, Tickling, Pricking, Burning, Cutting. And we shall shew their differences, as they are through the whole Body, or the parts thereof.

All the parts of the Body, that have the sense of Feeling, can scarse be pained at once. Yet many parts together, or some outward parts, as the Skin, may have a general pain. And when the Body is weak or loose, albeit it seemeth to be pained all over, yet because the Patient complaineth rather of want of Motion and strength: you may seek for the Cure there∣of in our Treatise of Weakness and defect of strength and Motion: when the whole Body hath a distemper, if it be great, all sensible parts may be offended. And this cannot come of a cold distemper, so that every part is at the same time affected, ex∣cept it be deadly, but of a hot. So in Fea∣vers all the parts of the Body are inflamed, and all sensible parts are offended, of this we shall speak in the Feavers, the second Chapter, Page 187.

There are pains of all sorts of some parts of the Body. And these are either hidden or more manifest in divers parts.

The hidden pains are inwardly in the four distinct parts of the Body: The Head, Neek, Breast, and Belly, and the Cavities thereof, and are distinguished according to those parts.

The pains which are in the inward part of the Head within the Skull, shall be spoken of in the third Chapter, Page 235. Of the pains of the Head.

The pains that are in the inward Cavi∣ties of the Face shall be described, as fol∣loweth.

The pains in the Eyes shall be spoken of in the fourth Chapter, Page 241. Of Pain in the Eyes.

Those in the Cavities of the Ears, in the fifth Chapter, Page 251. Of the Pains of the Ears.

Those of the Nose, in the sixth Chap∣ter, Page 253.

Those of the Mouth, in the seventh Chapter, Page 255.

Those of the Bones of the Mouth, in the eight Chapter, Page 258. Of the Tooth∣ach.

The pains which are in the inward parts of the Neck, shall be spoken of in the ninth Chapter, Page 263. Of the Pain of the Jawes.

The pains which are in the Cavity of the Breast, shall be treated of in the tenth Chapter, Page 269. Of the Pain of the Breast.

The pains which are in the Cavity of the Belly or Panch, shall be thus treated of.

The pains which are in the upper part about the Heart, shall be spoken of in the eleventh Chapter, Page 277. Of pains of the Heart.

Those on the Sides, shall be spoken of in the twelfth Chapter, Page 294. Of Hy∣pochondriak pains.

The other Pains shall be spoken of in the thirteenth Chapter, Page 305. Of pains of the Belly.

Other pains in the parts adjoyning to the Belly, manifest themselves by things voi∣ded, as by Stools or Urin, of these we shall speak in the treatise of things cast forth: Other pains which are in certain holes and parts thereof, shall be hear declared.

The pains in the inward parts of the Privities, shall be mentioned in the four∣teenth Chapter, Page 391.

Those in the Arse, shall be spoken in the fifteenth Chapter, Page 393.

The pains that are outward in the Body, are more manifest, and are thus distin∣guished.

Some are more deep and profound, these shall be spoken of in the Pains in the Habit of the Body, sixteenth Chapter, Page 396.

Those which are more outward and higher, and appear more, shall be mentioned in the seventeenth Chapter, Page 408. Of the Pain of Superficies of the Body.

CHAP. I. Of the Griefs of the Sight, Hearing, Smelling and Tasting.

The Kinds,

ALthough that Irksome sense which the Touching feeleth be properly cal∣led Dolor, yet we may call them mo∣lestations or Troubles, which the o∣ther Senses endure, by that name, when the Function is not lost but of∣fended. This comes diversly to the Sight, Hearing, Smelling and Tasting, from whence there are divers kinds, which are easie to be perceived, but not to be described or nam∣ed. * 1.1 The Dolor of the Sight or Hearing we call The offence of them, and and the Dolor of the Smelling or Tasting we call in∣suavity or want of Rellish.

The Causes.

These four mentioned dolors of the Senses comes from the violent quality of their objects which doth strike upon, or disturb them: from the object of the sight, by Brightness: of the Hearing, by Grating; of the Smelling by Stink; from the object of the Tast by its unsavoriness.

A Splendor or great Light if it be vehement, * 1.2 as of the Sun, or Flame, or come suddenly to the Eye, as of Lightening, molesteth it. Hence it is that men shut their Eyes at the sight of them. And the sense of Feeling perceiving the molestation in the Eyes and Nose caus∣sneesing to shake them off, as we shewed in Sternutati∣on. Also Light when it is discolored, and shines much and long, and strikes much upon the Sight is an enemy unto it.

A great Noyse by Crying, Ringing of Bels, * 1.3 Trumpeting or Drumming, or otherwise coming suddenly, especially neer the Ears, as of a Musket or Can∣non, hurts the Hearing.

A strong Stink or Smel, as of Soot, or things burnt, * 1.4 or from Excrements molesteth the sense of Smelling: And somtimes by twiching of the Nostrils, and provoking their sense of Feeling, they cause neez∣ing, and by offending the Neighbor Pallate and Tast, they cause Loathing and Vomiting.

An unpleasant and ungrateful savor, as bitterness, or extream saltness, or sourness, or the like, coming ex∣ternally from things taken in, or from external humors or exhalations, * 1.5 sent to the sense of Tasting, causeth mole∣station, and also offendeth its sense of Feeling.

The Cure.

Take away the Cause and the Effect ceaseth. If it be external which useth to offend all the four Senses, it either quickly ceaseth or may be allayed. If internal which only hurteth the Tast, it is amended by purging of evil humors and repressing of stinking vapors. If offence remaineth by an impression upon the senses, it is to be cured by evacuations and things that alter and change the impression, as too much Light, by Dark∣ness, offensive Colors, by such as please the Eye, Stinks, by Sweets, evil Relishes, by savory meats, as we shewed in the depravation of the senses.

CHAP. II. Of Feavers.

The Kinds.

AFeaver called Puretos is a Disease in which the whol body is inflamed with a preternatural heat which continueth, it begins with cold and shivering, and brings forth divers molestations and symptomes. There are two chief kinds of Feavers that differ, in that they are either constant, or cease and return again. Those are called Continual, these Inter∣mitting. * 1.6 Continual Feavers are those whose hear from the first to the last never wholly ceaseth, of these there are divers kinds, the first sort we distinguish in respect of heat in∣to sharp, and gentle or lingring, we call them sharp or acute, in which the Patient manifestly perceiveth heat and thereby molestation. These are two-fold, Pure, whose pure heat only heats the hand that toucheth it, and Impure when the heat doth not only heat but prick the hand. We call them gentle, when the Patient feels little or no heat, and not constantly though the Feaver be constant, of these there are two sorts, Hectick so cal∣led because the body hath gotten a habit of them, and simply gentle or lingring when there is no habit. If any of these have a Venom they are called Malignant, these are threefold from divers causes, Putrid malignant, or Pestilential, or Venemous, but to divide them accor∣ding to their apparent accidents (for better under∣standing) some are called Solitary which have only the accidents of Feavers, others accompanied or which have the accidents of other Diseases with them.

Continual solitary Feavers are such as are not ac∣companied with other accidents of other Diseases, but with such as belong to Feavers, and these accidents come from sharp lingering, or malignant heat, either single or together from hence some Feavers are called simple, others compound.

Simple continual and solitary Fea∣vers, * 1.7 are when one sort of Feaver only possesseth the body: These are shorter or longer, or more constant and lasting, if they have their Courses,

The shorter reach not to the seventh day, or to the weeks end: such are some acute and Malignant.

This is that sort of pure Feavers, of which we did speak, * 1.8 and is cal∣led continual, not Puttid Feavers, and Diaria, because it continueth but few daies. This comes of ex∣ternal causes and continueth som∣times but one day, * 1.9 and lasteth scarce twenty four houres, and then is cal∣led Ephemera: somtimes it lasteth two, three, or four daies: And then it is called a Diary Feaver of many daies, or Synochus pure, or simple. These end not suddenly with a Crisis, but by degrees by hidden transpiration, or moisture, or by manifest sweat: or they turn into impure Synochus after three or four daies, and that lasteth longer: or into an Hectick which is longest, and we shall shew by signs, into which they will turn.

The accidents or Symptoms of Diary Feavers are these, somtimes they begin with a little shivering, espe∣cially if they be any thing impure, somtimes without shivering, from an external heat.

A feaverish heat following a shivering, or without, is never encreased with fits, from the beginning to the end, but either is in an equal degree, as in Ephemera, Synochus, Acmastick or Uniforme, or Seems, to be increased in that, which is called Epacmastick that encreaseth, or Paracmastick that decreaseth. The heat varieth in them for it is milder, as the Feaver is shorter, as in an Ephe∣mera, this is called gentle, because the Skin feeleth moist; or stronger, as it is longer, as in Synochus called sanguin, somtimes with sharpness, when it is cholerick and begins to grow putride.

The other accidents which are worse, or better, as the heat and constitution of the body is, are paine and beating of the Head, thirst more or less, and bitter rast; in cholerick persons unquietness, weariness, watching, or deep sleep, short breathing, quick pulse, strong and great, yet not uneven, a red face, swolen, great Veins, a soft Skin, and dry, in chollerick persons; Urin not much altered, when the Feavers are short, if long; red sweat not ill sented, or troublesom.

A Malignant short conrinual Feaver, is somtimes Pestilential, * 1.10 and is not un∣like the formentioned acute Synochus, so that it is scarce to be distinguished from it, but by the generality of it in time of infection, and by the sudden taking away of strength. And if it have a botch, as is usual, it is not distinguished, hence it is that many infe∣cted with the Plague, suppose they have only a Synochus for a Pestilent Feaver, comes also from external causes, but they are occult: and suddenly and secretly smite the body, as in a moment, and endeth in a few daies, as a Synochus doth, except death or a Crisis ap∣pear.

As for the accidents of this Feaver. It begins com∣monly with a little horror or chilness, and after follow∣eth heat; which is somtime so gentle that the patient complains little thereof, And the Urin is little, or no∣thing different from a sound. Yet the Pulse argues weakness. But somtimes there is vehement heat and sharp, as in a Synochus, and then the accidents are alike, as pain of the Head, doting, watching, and thirst, and sudden loss of strength. And also sweats, which in Pestilential Feavers come at the first, and return in again, and yet do not put a period to the Dis∣ease.

The long continual solitary Feavers, are a week or two, or more a coming, such are some acute and Ma∣lignant.

An Acute long continual solitary Feaver, * 1.11 is one of those called im∣pure, and is called also a continual putride Feaver, or a weeks Feaver, distinguished from the Diary, or daies Feaver. Which beginning of it self, or from a pure Synochus turning impure (which is thus known, when the pure endeth not in the fourth day at farthest, and the heat increaseth especially if there be a new chilness, as is usual;) when after the beginning it stayeth a little in the increase, and so comes to the state, or heighth; the Patient is freed from it suddenly, by a Crisis and it declineth, except death prevent. And if the Crisis be imperfect, which comes again, it either kils, or cures: Somtimes, but seldom, this Feaver, especially that sort which is called burning if it fix, seems to degenerate into a new sort, which suddenly consumes the body: And this is called a burning and melting Feaver, which some say is a sort of Hectick; And somtimes it turns into a true Hectick, as a Diary Feaver doth,

There are more and more fierce accidents in these Feavers, then in Diaries, in so much that by reason of the violence of some accidents, the Feaver somtimes gets a new name, as if it were of another sort. And these molest the Patient, with horror, or amasment, heat, thirst, dryness of Tongue, Head-ach, which hurt the functions, disturbe the mind and weaken the strength, there are other accidents observable by the consumption of the Body, and the Excrements.

Thus; At the first coming there is horror and shive∣ring, especially when they come of themselves and not by being changed from others; and then there is little or no shivering; this presently ceasing, ever after there is no trembling, except somtimes when a Crisis is at hand; neither will it return although there be fits, or Paroxysmes: And if it should return it comes not from this continual Feaver, but from an intermitting joyned with it, as I shall shew in Compound Feavers. But from this chilness, or horror, the outward and inward parts also are cold, and somtimes only the inward, and somtimes only the outward, when the heat is great within.

The heat which follows this horror, or chilness, ac∣cording to the four times of these Feavers, hath di∣vers changes: for at first it is vehe∣ment and sharp, * 1.12 and from that to the state or highth it increaseth. In which time somtimes are Paroxysmes or fits, and then they are called Synochae con∣tinuated distinguished from putride Synochus. In which if the fits, or Pa∣roxysms come often in a day, so that the feaver is twice or thrice cooled, then it is called in∣ordinate and continual, especially if the day after it come but once or not at all. But if the Paroxysme come the next day and keep the same order after, which is rare, then it is called a continual Quotidian. The third day is usually the fit day in these feavers and then it is called a continual Tertian. The Quartan conti∣nual, is seldom seen, because the fits are seldom put off so long. * 1.13 Somtimes these fea∣vers have no distinct Paroxysm••s and then it is called Synochus pu∣trid,

which is called also Epacmastick, Paracmastick or Homotonos, or Equal, as it increaseth or is diminish∣ed. But if there be a great burning in a continual pu∣trid Feaver which continueth, as one fit it is called Causos or a bur∣ning Feaver; * 1.14 in which the in∣wards burn and the outward parts are cold, it is called Lei∣yria. But when these come to their height if there come a good Crises to abate the heat, they decline, and this is by Sweat, Pissing, or the like Evacuation: But if the Cri∣ses be for the worst, Death follows. And if the Crises be not absolute, and the heat abate not, then by a new Crises we judge of Life or Death.

Thirst is very troublesom in these Feavers, where∣fore they desire moist, cold, and sharp drinks. There is total loss of Appetite, and Loathing of Sweet, Fat, and nourishing things. And somtimes of sour meats which in drink is pleasing.

Somtimes in burning Feavers there is driness, black∣ness and Inflammation of the Tongue, by which means the disease is called by the Germans Breune or Braunchrot, that is an Inflammation with blackness, especially if there be malignity and the Feaver is com∣mon with this symptom. Also there is sooner or later in the declining Inflammation chopping or exulcerati∣on of the Lips.

At the beginning there is great Head-ach, except they be sensless and perceive it not, for which cause in Germany it is called the Head-ach or Hauptwe with beating of the Temples and redness of Face. There is also Heart-ach. And a beating pain of the Bones, Loyns, Back, and Joynts.

Doting, after somtimes, comes upon them, more or less, and Madness; for which the Germans call them Daubhaptwe or mad Head-ach, especially when it is malignant and vulgar. Sometimes a Convulsion fol∣lows these Feavers, but watching is the most con∣stant.

Somtimes by reason of the Fea∣vers constancy the strength faileth, * 1.15 and in the Fit day there is swooning and then it is called a Swooning Feaver, and then the pulse is great or small according to the strength.

At length the body pines by a long Feaver and a melting heat, * 1.16 especially in the declining there∣of, by much Sweat and Pissing: Somtimes a sudden consuming of the body follows these Feavers, especially a Causon or burning Feaver, as we shewed in a melting Feaver.

As for the Excrements, some vomit very much, o∣thers have the Hickets, and sometimes a flux thereup∣on. There is often much Urin made after a Crisis in the declining of the Disease. Sweat breaks forth somtimes and follows the Crises: Otherwhiles bleed∣ing at the Nose, or by termes, is critical or judicial, sometimes it is not. The Stools and Urin are very much changed, and divers in substance and colour: The Sweat is somtimes ill scented, sometimes of none. All which changes and what they presage we shal speak of before the Cure.

A longer malignant and Con∣tinual Feaver, * 1.17 is often among Pu∣trid malignant Feavers not much differring from the former, which is acute and putrid, only it is more vulgar like the Plague, among people of age, and especially men. It comes secretly upon some, and suddenly destroies them. This is prolonged some weeks as the putrid, and is ended by a Crises, and some evacuations as the others, but not so certainly.

There are also the same accidents which are in a pu∣trid Feaver; but greater and more dangerous. Yet the heat is more disorderly and unequal.

The pain of the Head and doting is the most mani∣fest, first and chiefest symptom.

Also Inflammation of the Jaws and Tongue.

Also there is a sort of malignant feaver which came first out of England into all Europe, * 1.18 which de∣clared it self by a continual Sweat, and destroied many. This was called The English Sweat.

Also a dayly constant Feaver alone, * 1.19 which continueth not on∣ly some weeks but months is a sort of Hectick. This comes from a change, when another feaver ends in a Hectick, as a Diary, if it turn not into a Putrid, ends in a He∣ctick after three or four daies, or a putrid Feaver of long continuance, or very burning, as also intermit∣ting Feavers if long and vehement. These end in He∣cties, and kill a man at a distance.

As for the accidents, the Patient feels no great heat, and thinks he is not feaverish, except an hour or two after meat; and that the Arteries are hotter, and more stretched out and hard, and swifter in motion, as in o∣ther Feavers.

Extenuation follows this Feaver, or it is increased af∣ter it was begun in the putrid that went before it, so that at length the whol body is pined away; for which cause (as the Consumption is in the beginning, in∣crease, or State) there are three sorts of Hecticks, not accounted so from the heat but Consumption, they are called, Beginning, Increased, or confirmed He∣cticks. In the last there is nothing left but skin and bone, and it is called Marasmodes. Also when Fat is voided by Urin, * 1.20 or like Bran, or Orobus, the Feaver is named from thence, but we shewed that they could not be but from distemper of the Reins and Bladder.

By reason of long continuance, there must needs be great weakness; so that the Pulse though quick, is smal and weak.

Compound Feavers are when di∣vers sorts meet in the body, * 1.21 at the same time, which happen divers waies either by mixture of continual with continual or inter∣mitting Feavers.

Divers sorts of constant Fea∣vers aforesaid mixed together do afflict the body, * 1.22 as when a putrid is joyned with an Hectick of its own producing.

In this the vehement heat doth so hide the gentle, that the putrid is thought the chief, only the Hectick is discovered by the Consumption especially when the putrid declineth. And this Hectick sooner dis∣patcheth the Patient. And it is distinguished from a melting Feaver that comes after a burning, because in that the Feaver is most ardent and sooner killeth.

Also all other continual Feavers may be joyned with an Hectick which went before, and wil sooner destroy the Patient, as other diseases coming after an Hectick. This mixture is known by the new heat of what sort it is, and by its signs.

Continual Feavers are often mixt with intermitting, * 1.23 and make also continual Feavers called persevering, and these are discerned easily, by a new chilness coming at the time of the fit of the intermitting Feaver. All continual Fea∣vers may be joyned with an intermitting, and seem to be one when joyned with continual acute, called Pu∣trid. And because an intermitting tertian is usually joyned with a quotidian, it is called a semi-tertian, and it is greater when joyn'd with a continual quartan, al∣so a continual and intermitting Quartane may be joyn∣ed together.

If the continual Feaver be first, it begins with asto∣nishment and horror or trembling, if the intermitting be first, with chilness; and there are two fits in a day, one is from chilness of the intermitting, the other is an increase of the continual without horror: And the se∣cond day they make but one fit, and keep that order til they both go together or follow each other. Only an intermitting Quartan joyned with a continual, hath two fits the fourth day.

Every Feaver hath symptomes according to its kind, especially because cold falls in with the heat of a con∣tinual Feaver which hath inflamed the body, and then in the fit of the Tertian the Patient feels both heat and cold, * 1.24 this is called Epiala. Now the the heat in these compounded is grea∣ter than in simple Feavers, because the heat of the Tertian is every other day joyned with the heat of the continual: Hence the symptomes of heat are ve∣hement and alter the body and the ex∣crements, * 1.25 and weaken, and cause swooning at their meeting. And Ron∣doletius made a swooning Feaver one with a semi∣tertian.

Also an intermitting Feaver may be joyned with a Hectick which it caused, * 1.26 this is known by great lean∣ness, and in the day of rest the ling∣ring Feaver wil be present which is known by the pulse and other signs. And so also you may know when a Hectick comes af∣ter an intermitting Feaver.

They are called continual accom∣panid Feavers, * 1.27 when there is another disease from them, or causing them, adjoyned. These have distinct symptoms that come from that Disease and change the the nature of the Feaver. Of this sort some are pure others impure, malignant, pestilential, venemous, and hectical; if these Feavers go before the disease they are called Primary, if they follow, secundary and sympto∣matical. And they differ in that the Diseases accom∣panying are apparent outwardly, as Inflammations or Tumors, as Carbuncles or Spots: Or are inward, as Pain, Cough, ill habit, and shew themselves by things voided.

* 1.28 Somtimes a day's Feaver called Ephemera or a Synochus follows an external Inslamma∣tion and hath its accidents.

But if Inflammations come from a poysonous sting or bite, and have a Feaver, it is called a venemous Feaver, this staies not above a day and hath grievous accidents, as Trembling, Convulsion, and the like.

A pure Synochus sends forth an Erysipelas, * 1.29 and this denomi∣nateth the Disease the Germans call it Carfunkel or Carbuncle, like a jewel or Hyacinth of a red yellowish color. This goes on as a simple Synochus, and is ended or changed in some few daies: And hath the like accidents, send∣ing also forth a Tumor, the same day or the second or third day, or inflammation in the Legs or Face, seldom in other parts; and the kernels thereabouts do swell. These remain somtimes after a Feaver, as we shall shew in Tumors.

An Ephemera or pure Synochus produceth a Carbuncle, * 1.30 as the o∣ther, an Erysipel as thus differing; it comes under the Ears, in the Arm-pits or the Groyns, with pain and redness. This Feaver is called by the Germans Carbuncle as also the Ephemera and Synochus.

Also a Pestilent Feaver sends forth one or more Carbuncles or Bubo's at the first, or not long after, in the Groyns, Arm-pits, and behind the Ears, with pain, these continuing and being inflamed turn Apostems and are grievous, and bring a new Synochus. Some∣times they lie hid, especially in fat men, and discover themselves only by pain and redness of the part.

We shal shew in the Causes how that great pains may be in both Groyns in a venemous Feaver.

Anthrax comes often forth in some Feavers, * 1.31 especially Pestilen∣tial; at first it is but like a Wheal, itching and burning, and after it is an hard Ulcer. From this we have often observed (which is a deadly sign) a long red line to the Bubo commonly accompanying it, or to the heart.

Somtimes a continual, putrid, or single, or malig∣nant Feaver goes before an Anthrax, not pestilential, and follows not except there be great burning.

Ecthymata or small Pox are thrust out by some continual Fea∣vers, * 1.32 and they are commonly pu∣trid malignant, few children e∣scape them, and many are infect∣ed in a place, aged people have them seldom. These Feavers are shorter somtimes in which the pulses sooner come forth, somtimes longer, and then they come forth slower. And the Feaver lasteth a week, and longer in people of years. They end without a Crises certain, but by degrees and with a stinking flux of the belly somtimes.

The accidents are the same with those of Synochus putrid, but milder in Children, greater in men; and worst when most malignant. They come forth the third or fourth day without a Crises or loss of the Fea∣ver, over most part of the body, til they turn to matter, and then depart, as shal be shewed.

There hath been a pestilent Feaver like small Pox which hath killed many Children and some men.

The Meazles come from the same Feavers, * 1.33 and as the other are pusles, so these are spots, red and broad over the body, and especi∣ally the Face and Breast: Some Children have them both but at divers times, the Feaver is alike in both.

In putrid malignant Feavers, red spots such as after flea-bites, or black, or blew, break forth in the height or state of the Feaver, these are signs of malignity and Death. Sometimes there is a broad spot under the breast, as I saw in a maid before her Death, in a malig∣nant Feaver. And in the yeer 1649. I saw a blew spot

which turned black upon the Heart of an old woman, before her death, and her neighbour died of a Carbun∣cle in that place, where it appeared ten years before, when he had the Plague.

The like in a Pestilent feaver, shew the infection and death, and are called the tokens.

In venemous feavers, divers spots declare the Poy∣son.

Also a smal Ephemera, or pure Synochus may be with the Gout, Colick, Stone, bloody Flux, and breeding of teeth, and in hard travil, but this hath no great Symptoms.

A pure Synochus, which degenerateth at the end, may have other pain and accidents from internal Inflama∣tions, but if it follow them it is not long or vehement nor dangerous, but by reason of the Inflamation. If the feaver be first, and the Inflamation follow (which is somtimes very sudden and doubtful, which was first) if there be a cough of bloody and filthy matter in the Lungs, and a pain, as the Pleurisie; or heat and stret∣ching pain in the Liver or Spleen, with this feaver, it lasteth longer, then a single Synochus, and according to the Disease accompanying, it is longer, or shorter, or changed into a putrid feaver: As in the causes shall be shewed. The accidents of these feavers are less then ••••ose of a single Synochus, they seldom have the Head∣ach, although the Symptoms of the Disease accompa∣nying be great and dangerous. And they are not cal∣led by the name of a feaver. But if a doting in a true Phrensie, or Suffocation in a quinsie, which follow these feavers, as the Inflamation of the Tongue follow the Disease called in High-dutch Brenne come here up∣on, the companion of the feaver is as the former. Al∣beit other dangerous accidents (for which these are cal∣led very sharp Diseases) come from the Disease.

There is with a Cough and matte∣ry spitting and Consumption, * 1.34 at first a gentle feaver which turneth into a Hectick, this is not unlike a simple feaver, but kills at a distance. This heat being smal, breeds no great Symptoms, except at the night. The Puls is often swift and inequal, but not strong, when the feaver increaseth, by reason of the Patients weakness. The Urin is little changed.

There is somtimes a gentle Symp∣tomatical feaver joyned with Ca∣chexy or evil habit, * 1.35 which is either when the body is swolen and disco∣loured, as in Leuco-Phlegmatia, or grown less, as in Atrophy, the heat of this feaver is not sharp, but so gentle that the Patient feels it not: Like a Hectick, for which it is usually taken; It is com∣monly in new born Children, and when they are wea∣ned, and in Virgins before they have their Terms. It is known by sharp breathing, beating of the Heart, and Consumption of the body, which is seen by the stic∣king forth of the Sword-bone in the breast, and of the Ribs and Shoulders; it turns somtimes into a true Hectick, and is cured by taking away the Disease that caused it.

When the After-birth, a dead Child, * 1.36 or Worms, or congealed Blood is retained, there is a preter∣natural heat, and a Feaver known by the Puls and other signs that last not long, because the cause is not of long continuance, as shall be shewed. This is at first gentle and Symptomatical.

Intermitting Feavers, that go and come at certain times, * 1.37 are of one sort, and are called impure Acute, because there is an apparent molesting heat, which is pric∣king and impure: Yet in respect of the daies in which they come, they are divers.

These are solitary or alone, not accompanied with others, as continual feavers are; for though they pro∣duce another Disease, yet it is distinct from the feavers; Besides they follow not Diseases, for as we shall shew in the Causes, when a Disease causeth a feaver it must be continual; nor are they Symptomatical but Pri∣mary, and begin of themselves.

But intermitting feavers are single, as the continual are, in which not one alone, but two or three sorts come in divers fits: and therefore it is called a single, a double, or a triple intermitting feaver. Any of these joyned with a continual, is Compound, as the Semi∣tertian, or the like, wherein the Patient is alwaies in a feaver.

The Course, of this Acute impure intermitting fea∣vers, of what kind so ever, is the whol time of the o∣ther, somtimes for a week or longer, or for many months. In which time a feaver coming extraordi∣nary in the time of the sit: by which we know the time. This is properly called the worst time of the feaver, and the time of rest is called remission: both which are named from their circuite, which from the accession either returnes the same day, or the following, third, fourth, or fifth.

Those that return the third day are the most frequent, called Tertians, * 1.38 and somtimes they come at the same hour, often sooner: but later when they decline. The ac∣cession of these feavers, is somtimes at four hours, twelve, or fourteen hours distance, and there are so many sits, or more before it ceaseth. They are most in Summer, and young people: When they come in Autum, and in old men they last longer, and are dan∣gerous.

They which come the fourth day are called Quartanes and are usual, * 1.39 either sooner or later, the fits are as long, or longer then those of a Tertian, and the whol course, seldom lasting less then three or six months: Som∣times above a year, or two, These begin in Autum and scarse ever leave till the beginning of the next Spring, and are more frequent with people of a mid∣dle Age.

They which come the next day are called quotidians, * 1.40 and Amphimerinae. The acession is eight hours, and the in∣termission six, according to the ancients, but we know it not. These Quotidians are of the kind of Ter∣tians, or quartans, not a new sort, for if either seaze upon a body, and another feaver followeth, as is usual, either presently or a little after, of its own nature, or of another sort; Then there being divers, one cometh one day and another the other; so there are divers ac∣cessions or fits dayly, not equal nor at the same hour; till one is gone and the other returnes to its former or∣der, either the third, or fourth day: as in double Tertians, and triple quartans, * 1.41 but if it be a double quartan, the fit is two daies, and the intermission one: If a Tertian meet with a quartan, the fit is three daies together and the inter∣mission one day, if it return the same day, it is not a new sort; but when quotidians come sooner, one may come, when ano∣ther departeth. And if the later feaver, that it fal in with the former in the time of the fit, then the fit is lon∣ger: and may continue eight or ten hours, but it is two

fits, of two Agues, the one begins with a new chilness at the end of the other.

Some return the fifth or sixth day, * 1.42 but they are but quartans, which staied longer away than usually.

There are divers accidents of intermitting feavers, which are troublesome, as cold, heat, thirst, Head-ach, and change of Excrements.

Intermitting feavers not only begin, but return with a cold fit first, as the continual do, with yawning, shi∣vering, and coldness of Hands, feet, Nose and Ears, first; then shaking: the Germans therefore call it Kalt∣wee or Frierer, from the cold. This is greater or less, * 1.43 according as the Ague is. Somtimes the body is very cold, and the chilness come sooner in a Tertian, slower in a quartan, the Body shaketh, the teeth gnash. Both begin somtimes with less cold, but then they last longer; somtimes the cold is felt inwardly and outwardly also; somtimes more within or without; And when every part feels cold with heat, it is called Epiala. But we suppose that this is, because intermitting feavers meet in the same day, and the cold of one begins, before the heat of the other is past. Or when intermitting feavers meet with continual, as we shewed Semitertians, for in the continual, there is alwaies heat, and when the intermitting comes, it begins with cold.

The heat which follows the cold and shaking, or mixeth with it, in most vehement Tertians, presently kindled, dispersed through the body, sharp, quickly at the highth, and quickly declining. In others it is gent∣ler, nor so general in the whol body, but like the bur∣ning of green wood, as in tertians that have lasted long. It is also vehement in quartans, but not equal over the body, but with mixture of cold, and as it were pain of the joynts and bones.

Thirst is the greatest Symptom in tertians and quartans; they call for drink, as for life. And som∣times in the cold fit, especially when the cold is out∣ward and the heat inward, they desire drink.

Somtimes there is Head-ach, at first, but it ceaseth before the end.

The change of Functions, is seen chiefly in these: They somtimes dote in the time of the fit, they are un∣ruly, and tost, when the heat is at the highth: And they cannot sleep somtimes: Somtimes they sleep too much, as in Children. They draw much breath: the Puls at the first is smal; afterwards quick and often, and great, and more or less uneven. There is weak∣ness, except the strength be renewed, in the time of in∣termission: There is in some a swoun∣ding from whence it is denominated. * 1.44 At the end of the cold fit there are of∣ten bitter Vomitings. Also after every fit there is plenty of vaporing and hot sweat, by which they decrease, and by which they are judged: Somtimes they void much Urin often, and have somtimes the Haemorrhoids, or Courses.

There is alteration of Excrements to be seen by the Urin, which is of a yellow or flame color and sub∣stance, and in Tertians ptesently, or in quartans at a little distance; they turn white and waterish at first. Al∣so a black Urin is not alwaies bad in a quartane, if the matter of the disease be thereby purged. The stools are cholerick and yellow somtimes black.

The Causes.

The first Cause of all Feavers is a Disease, * 1.45 which is an hot distemper or preternatural heat making all the bo∣dy hotter than it should be. The heat which disturbeth the Patient is a symptom. First we shal consider the place, then the essence of this heat whether it be a Disease or a Symptom.

The place affected is not one but all parts of the body: * 1.46 not only the fleshy parts which are sooner infla∣med, but the Membranes and bony parts take this preternatural heat. The heart grows first hot and then all other parts more or less begin to burn by consent, as they are by nature hotter or colder: But this is not a Feaver, except the heart be also inflamed though the whol body burn with the blood, spirits and other principal parts, as the Brain, Liver and the like. Nor can the heat of the heart cause a Feaver if it be little, or if it be short, though vehement, such as comes by Anger, or Motion except it be fixed.

The essence of this preternatural heat in Feavers 〈◊〉〈◊〉 not the same in all, and the difference thereof makes different Feavers. For this heat is either adventitious and mutable, which is called a fiery heat, and that is ei∣ther pure and single which inflameth only the body and causeth pure or not putrid Feavers. Or impure and mixed with putrefaction, infecting the body, and making putrid or impure Feavers. Or it is malignant and putrid together, or alone, and infecteth, causing malignant putrid, pestilent and venemous feavers. Or this heat is fixed and constant, or a change of the tem∣per of body into a more hot, hence come those called Hecticks. How these come, whether of pure heat, or filthy, shal be shewed in these three causes.

A pure simple heat when it on∣ly is a little increased, * 1.47 first in the Spirits and Blood, Veins and Ar∣teries, and so sent to the Heart and fixed to the matter that nou∣risheth it, and so communicated to all parts causeth pure, simple and continual feavers; when the heat being once kindled goeth not out till it be quenced. These are either solitary, or without any other disease in their course; or accompanied with another disease that went afore or cometh after. The cause of this variety is when the cause of the disease is either in the vessels or out of them.

If Blood is kindled or infla∣med in the vessels, that is, * 1.48 in the Veins and Arteries, and so the heart set on fire, and a feaver produced, and it continue to the end without moving into o∣ther parts, then the feavers are called Solitary, or accompani∣ed, or symptomatical, as they come from or not from the disease.

If no Disease cause these Feavers; but the blood is inflamed in the Vessels, then they are called Solitary, and Primary, being accompanied with no other Dis∣ease, or accidents: and as the heat is more, or less, they are shorter, (as for a day, except they turn into putride feavers:) or longer, when the heat is more fixed which causeth the Hectick. And this is not, as some would have it, that if the spirits are only inflamed, the heat should

depart in one day, which causeth Ephemeral feavers. And if the blood be enflamed, the continuing longer causeth a Synochus; if the heat be in the substance of the Heart, a constant Hectick: Because in all these kinds, neither the Spirits nor the Blood can be enflamed by themselves, being confusedly together in the Vessels, and the substance of the Heart must be inflamed toge∣ther with them: And every Feaver, and other Disease, must have some solid part to subsist in, as their subject, and not the Spirits and Humors. But this diversity of feavers, comes from the Cause, from whence they pro∣ceed, and the Subject (which is the body of man) where∣in they are.

In respect of the external cause, as it worketh these in the body, and continueth longer. These Feavers differ in time and greatness: and this external cause, is either from things without, or taken in, or from ex∣cercise.

Of things without, these by themselves inflame, as hot Air, or Water, if long continuance be made there∣in by accident, these vehement cold and sudden, espe∣cially taken when the body is hot, by outward Air, or Water. Because the heat being suddenly struck inward by the cold external, inflames the Spirits, Humors, Bowels and the very Heart. And this is more pro∣bable, then to say (as others) that it comes from the stoppage of the Pores of the Skin by cold, whereby the Air, which should pass through to cool and Venti∣late (as they call it) is hindered, and so the blood is in∣flamed and putrified. But we shewed formerly that the necessity of Respiration, or Breathing was ordai∣ned not to cool the Heart, which being in health, it needeth not; and the use of transpiration was not to cool the blood, which being temperate, it needeth not; But for the Evacuation of Excrements, as we shall shew in putrid Feavers, which proceed from the want of that.

Things taken in, which actually or potentially in∣flame, especially if they peirce suddenly, do the same; as strong Wine, and stronge Waters drunk in great quantity, and the Anacardine Confection being very hot. And we shall shew that neither crudities nor cor∣ruption of meats, as some think can produce these pure Feavers, but other Diseases, or putrid Fea∣vers.

Vehement motion, especially running, by heating, may cause the same, as we see in Horses after Races, that we perceive to be feverish, from their short breath extream heat and sweating. And Women long lying in hard Travail, by a continual motion, and hard, and often throws are in a feaver, which is increased by pain. Also immoderate motion of mind by watchings, chiefly sudden motions by anger, frights, or joy, if they do not only stir the spirits and blood, but enflame the heart, also cause feavers. But we suppose that fear and sadness cannot cause these feavers, except there be also putrifaction.

From the subject Body, afflicted with these feavers, they are also divers. Any constitution is capable of them, from an external cause, by which heat being stirred up, may differ in respect of the constitution, as it is temperate, hotter, or impure.

If a temperate body be inflamed from without, * 1.49 in regard that heat cannot continue long, but the bo∣dy must return to its former tem∣per, there may be a short feaver called Ephemera. And the heat be∣ing united, there is no great change made, and being not impure it begins not with shaking, or Crisis, and it goes away by degrees through sweat, which is caused by a gentle breathing, or exhalation from the same heat.

That is an over hot constitution, which is more fit to receive heat, and if it be enflamed from an exter∣nal cause, then from the double heat comes a Syno∣chus simple Feaver, which lasteth longer, and is hotter. This constitution is either Sanguin, or Cho∣lerick.

The Sanguiue constitution, * 1.50 is sooner enflamed, when there is more blood or heat then ordi∣nary. Therefore young persons and Plethorick, or full bodies, and hot, and such as want their usual bleedings by Haemorrhoids, Terms, or at the Nose, are sooner in these Feavers. And these, by rea∣son of the efficient cause meeting with the adjuvant, or assisting continue above one day, to the third, or fourth day, and are called simple bloody Synocks. These have a greater heat, and other Symptoms from the causes mentioned, but otherwise they begin and end as the Ephemerae.

A Chollerick constitution be∣ing hotter, * 1.51 is easily enflamed from the same causes, with a Fea∣ver like a Synoch, called a simple Cholerick Synoch. And it keeps the same progress with a San∣guine except some accidents arise caused by choller by which it is turned putrid.

If a foul body take a feaver from an external cause, * 1.52 then if the blood be apt to putrifie, the feaver is no longer simple and pure, but an impure Synoch and of longer continuance. But if the blood be somwhat impure, and yet not apt to pu∣trifie, then the Synoch is pure, but the accidents are more and greater then in the former. There is also a Synoch called accompanied, when nature driveth out of the Veins some of the impure blood.

If these Feavers come from a Disease and the blood being enfla∣med stay in the Vessels, * 1.53 then be∣cause they follow a Disease, they are called Symptomatical simple Feavers. These are like the Ephe∣meral or Synoch Feavers, except they be turned into Putrid, by the Disease that caused them, or their Course, or Symptoms altered there∣by.

The Diseases that cause Symptomatical feavers, are of some part, and send forth such heat, that first it in∣flames the blood in the part, and then the whol Mass, and the Heart; and the blood in the part is commonly more then ordinary, by reason of the Disease and pain which attracteth. These hot Diseases which cause fea∣vers from hot humors, as Blood and Choler may pro∣duce them without corruption; for Blood and Chol∣ler only of all the Humors, can produce feavers, with∣out putrefaction.

When Blood gets out of the Veins, * 1.54 not from the Feaver afore∣going, (of which hereafter) but from some other cause, as heat or pain, and fals into a part where it begets either a bare distemper, which may cause a Feaver in ten∣der bodies: or an Inflamation, or Erysipelas of divers

forts according to the variety of the Flux; if it enflame it begets a Feaver, in which the inflamed blood som∣times falling out of the vessels (as hereafter we shal shew) may renew the old, or cause new inflammati∣ons. These feavers are simple and pure, not putrid, and as the heat of the Disease is, they increase or abate, and end before it be quite over except there be a sup∣puration or a new pain or putrefaction. These symp∣tomatical feavers are in divers hot Diseases, of the Bo∣wels, Membranes, and other parts. And the more vehement or long as the Disease is neerer to the Heart, and the parts adjacent, or great Veins, or as the heat is greater, or the body by nature more hot, as in In∣fants who have a Feaver many times only by the bree∣ding of Teeth. They are milder and shorter when they are from the fountain of heat, or outwardly, in these there is little heat, but horror, and somtimes not that.

The Cholerick humor being most hot, * 1.55 seldom causeth these kind of feavers. But when it is not in its proper place where it doth no hurt, nor mixed with the blood, nor qualified with the Whey which so tempereth it that it can∣not produce a feaver, as we observe in the Jaundies, but separated into sensible parts the Stomach and Guts, and gets into their substance, causing Erysipelas, about the Belly & the fever Lipyria in which the inward parts burn with intollerable heat and pain as Aetius observes, about those parts and great thirst, except it be cast forth by nature, it fires all the parts adjacent with the blood and Spirits, and causeth small feavers which follow such Diseases. These we often see in the disease of Choller, when it is vomited and purged, and in the Dysentery, and in the Colick coming from Choller and Erysipelas in the Guts, as we shal shew. And they cannot be great feavers because their cause is far from the Heart, and lodgeth about the Meseraick Veins,

If Blood inflamed from the causes aforesaid, * 1.56 get out of the great vessels into any part inter∣nal or external and inflame the heart, and cause a Feaver (as it usually doth by its plenty, heat, or thinness, or impurity, either at the beginning of a Feaver, or after by the force of Nature, as in the Crisis of these Feavers we may see by their bleeding at the Nose) Then it causeth a new dis∣ease in the part where it comes, and a Feaver which is accompanied therewith, but not symptomatical, be∣cause it follows not the Disease, but goes before it as I shal shew. And these observe not the course of other simple Feavers, but being increased or abated by the accidents of the Disease they are longer or shorter, greater or less: And when nature hath sent a good quantity of burning blood from the Veins, thy are not so hot, nor so thirsty, nor ful of Head-ach as in solitary Feavers. And this chiefly when the blood flows into the bowels or superficies of the body.

Sometimes this flux of blood in Feavers is into the Bowels capable thereof; * 1.57 especially such as are most fleshy and bloody and ful of Veins joyning to the great Veins and neer to the Heart, and chiefly into the Lungs, which it inflameth and causeth a Peripneumonia and somtimes Pleurisie (as shal be said.) These Inflammations go not before the Feavers, because the Feavers shew themselves before there is a pricking pain or signs of Inflammation, with horror and heat following, and sometimes go some hours afore: Nor are they caused by those inflamma∣tions but as they were first raised from Feavers and in∣creased by a new heat in some part neer the Heart which shews that the Feaver did not there first begin, and that is not putrid (as others thought) because the heat rais'd from the Inflammation increaseth the fea∣ver rather by its quantity then filthy quality. Nor doth it acquire or get any putrefaction from the in∣flammation, especially when it first comes, except the blood suppurate, and then as Hyppocrates saith it is in∣creased. But we suppose this may be rather from the pain that is then increased, and not a new putrid feaver from a putrid exhalation, because it presently ceaseth. Except this happen from an Ulcer that follows these inflammations, as when a Pleurisie or Peripneumony turns into Phthisis, the feaver being turned into a putrid symptomatical Hectick, or from blood which is pu∣trified and sent out of the Veins, as I shal shew in pu∣trid feavers. These happen, as in the Lungs from the situation and for to receive the flux. So may inflam∣mations which follow these feavers and increase them, be from blood in a Synoch sent into the Liver or Spleen, because they are boody parts, and have large vessels. These feavers in all the said inflammations of bowels, are longer than other solitary Synochs, in respect of the Disease accompanying them. And they vary as the inflammations are true, as Phlegmons, from whence some are called Phlegmonodes. Or Erysi∣pelas, wherein the feaver is more sharp called Typhodeis though this name be proper to the feaver in the Erysi∣pelas of the Liver. As the feavers from the Erysipelas of the Lungs are called Crymodes. The same may come from blood sent into the brain in feavers, which hath large cavities and is easily filled: And then an inflam∣mation of the Brain is joyned with the fearver, which turns suddenly with doting into a Pleurisie, with a pain of the Head which went before, and caused blood to come thither and makes the feaver more dangerous and violent. This may be also in the Stomach, Guts, Womb, Bladder, when the blood is sent thither in fea∣vers. But when another way which leads into the fleshy parts being membranous have only meseraick veins, or are far from the great vessels and the Heart, it comes to pass that when these parts are inflamed by pain which comes quickly to such sensible parts, that the feavers rather follow the Inflammation than go before them and are (as is said) symptomatical. As that inflammation which is in fleshy parts which are not so sensible of pain, comes from the feavers and is a symptom of them.

These Feavers send blood from the veins into other inter∣nal parts, * 1.58 as in the muscles of the Neck and Glandules and maketh inflammations in the mouth, Tongue, and Jaws, and Quinsie. And though they be∣gin not from feavers but other causes, yet when a fea∣ver comes, they increase. Somtimes these feavers go before pains and swellings of the Gout, when Nature by them drives blood into the Joynts, and then they are red and swollen except the tumor lie very low. So that such as are inclined to the Gout (being easily ta∣ken with this Feaver Nature being used to disburden her self into the outward parts, joynts, or skin) are subject to these Diseases. Also, albeit these feavers go

before Defluxions or Catarrhs, and promote them, yet because they do it not by affording matter to them, but by moving the flux with their heat, they are not dif∣fering from solitary feavers, though they may also be joyned with other diseases.

Nature doth often discharge blood into the superficies of the body, * 1.59 the Skin especially Glan∣dules, and internal Membranes in these Synochs, and cause there Redness, Heat, Tumors, or Pustles, sooner or later, and as the blood is Pure, Thin, Thick, Yellow Black or Wate∣rish; or impute, yet not putrid (as we shall shew) the Tumor and Heat and Pain are different. This Difference is chiesly in respect of Tumors and Pustles.

These Feavers often produce Tumors or Redness called Carbuncles. These are so usual to some Na∣tures (by reason of the Heat, Thinness and Wate∣rishness of the blood, or Impurity) that they have them upon the least occasion at certain times if the blood be but a little inflamed; nor do they spare old or gouty people. They are diary as we shewed, and a Tumor follows them, seldom the same day, but two or three daies after, either in the Glandules of the great Veins, in the Groyns, Arm-pits, and Chine, if blood go along with them: And these are with pain, and sometimes with inflammation. The blood often falling into the lowest parts of the Legs, there is often an itching and then a burning in the An∣kles, and after a redness with Yellow or Black as the blood is in thickness, if it be an Erysipelas. Somtimes it swels and is inflamed if it be an Erysipelas with a Flegmon, when better blood flows thither, and if the blood bewaterish, the whol Leg swels with an oedema∣tous Erysipelas. These have a Bubo or swelling in the Groyn going before them; the feaver commonly abates at their coming forth, so that former Writers were deceived that thought the feavers began with them, and were symptoms to them, which are the con∣trary, for the feavers appeared before there was sign of inflammations, And if the Glandules only swel, there is no great heat, and it cannot be from a feaver.

The smal Pox, though it be usual in malignant fea∣vers are somtimes in pure feavers; And the Measles in Infants by reason of the fulness of blood or disposition to be inflamed, they come forth the third or fourth day, but in a pure feaver they are not infectious, and depart themselves.

Nature labors also to do the same in Synochs, not putrid if the blood be black which it desires to expel, by a Carbuncle not pestilential either alone, or with a Bubo. And many fear they have the Plague through ignorance.

A Heat mixed with Foulness first raised from putrid humors or parts of the body, * 1.60 and so carried to the Heart; and inflaming it, and sent from thence to all the parts of the body, causeth putrid feavers, which continue or return while the pu∣trid vapors or humor go to the Heart; which they wil do, because they are bred in the Veins and Arteries by which they may be directly carried therunto: For these go to the heart with great Orifices conveighing humors and spirits into it, and they cannot be carried another way. For if a stinking Vapor couldpass the the cavi∣ty of the Breast another way into the Heart to inflame it, we should alwaies have a Feaver from the vapors sent from the Excrements, which though thin and hot, so that they may be let flie, and burned to flame, yet cannot reach the upper parts to infect them, unless it be by making a stinking breath: As we shall shew. And although a poyson or venemous quality can reach the heart wheresoever it is bred, or by any passage, yet these vapors bred in a thick putrid matter constrained to a certain place, but by the manifest passages aforesaid. By which means as a simple heat sent to the heart in the spirits and blood causeth a pure simple Feaver, so doth a putrid vapour, or matter by the same way, cause a putrid Feaver; which is divers according to the di∣vers places, in which the matter is bred, which matter also is not alwayes of the same Nature. The stinking Matter is either bred in the veins or arteries, or out of the vessels in the humor of some part, or substance thereof.

The Humors that cause putrid Feavers, either pu∣trifie in the vessels, that is the veins and arteries, either continued to the heart, or in them that are not joyned by continuity to the heart, but can send a vapour by vessels that are continued. And this is cause why a∣mong putrid Feavers some are continual, others inter∣mitting.

The vessels continued to the Heart are the Veins and Arteries except the Mesaraicks. * 1.61 If any hu∣mor putrifie in these, being largest and dispersed through the whol body, because the way is open to the Heart, the vapor and part of the humor go to the Heart and sets it on fire, causing continual feavers, because the cause is included in the vessels. These if they kill not by the vehemency of the cause and the Disease, or melt the body with heat, go slowly off, and and continue til the heat of the Feaver hath consumed the mattter by Vapors, and Nature hath made Conco∣ction of it and discharged it by a perfect Crisis.

The humor putrifying in the vessels, is blood, which being too hot and moist, easily putrifieth, as we may observe by it out of the vessels. But all wil not putri∣fie but from a great fault, but a little only: some re∣maining good (though by reason of the Disease and fasting the Patient gets no new) and this is separated from the bad into other places: And if it were mixed and grew hot, yet it did not stink, but the filth being se∣parated it returns to its former purity. As we observe in letting blood it flows somtimes pure, somtimes im∣pure, and somtimes confused or mixed. Moreover though blood hath divers parts, yet one cannot be cor∣rupted alone, but all is made thinner, thicker or fatter rather than cruder (which cannot make perfect blood as I shewed) for the blood in the Veins is made of them not distinct but confused or mixed (though they seem divided) in cold blood; and there is no part of blood but is made of them. This is manifest by the Urin and Sweat when the serum is putrified Hence are divers sorts of putrid feavers, not because divers parts thereof called humors, as Blood, Flegm, Chol∣ler or Melancholly are corrupted, but from the place in which the humors putrifie, and the diversity of the blood so corrupted.

There are distinct Feavers in respect of the place wherein the humor corrupteth, first in the respect of the veins and arteries.

The corrupt Blood that causeth putrid Feavers, is constantly in the branches of the hollow Vein, and in the greatest of them, in which more may be contained and from which the Heart may be sooner reached which cannot be done in the least branches. There∣fore

in the trunk of the hollow Vein, which passeth up∣wards and downwards from the Heart, by the Back∣bone, or in the great branches that come from it into Throat and Groyns, this corruption of blood, being contained and alwaies disturbing the heart; it causeth divers putrid feavers, as the filth is nearer, or further the Heart.

Any corruption near the Heart which sends it self, * 1.62 or vapors to it, maketh a Synoch feaver, which in∣creaseth, or decreaseth, or stands at a stay, according to the corrup∣tion. And in a causon, or bru∣ning feaver, because its heat is near the Heart, there is no mani∣fest change, because the heat is equal; especially when the heat is at the height and cannot be raised, but by death. Yet the Patient may find about the Breast, Midriff, Back, where the corruption lodgeth, a burning which troubleth the Heart and parts adjacent: And this is the cause why in a Leipyria, which is a sort of causon that the inward parts do burn.

When the corruption is in the branches of the hollow Vein distant from the Heart, * 1.63 because it causeth not so much heating, it begets Fea∣vers with fits, which have different heat. For when the Vapors, whose matter is forced of, are hindered by the long passages, and cannot come in order, and the same measure to the Heart, it comes to pass when it is increased it comes with more vio∣lence and encreaseth both the heat and fits, without horror, as at the first, because the feaver was before. These fits go away when the Vapors are discussed, but not the feaver, for heat once kindled, although the cause abate, cannot thereby be extinguished: as we shewed concerning simple heat from an external cause, which cause being removed the Feaver ceaseth not, till the Heart return to its former temper. And this is the true cause of fits, which come somtimes twice in a day when the stinking vapor is much and not far off: and the other day once, because the day before some part was discussed, and keep or change their course in re∣spect of the cause which acteth. Also when the cause is far of, or is less, the fits come every third day at first, and so continue for a time, seldom the fourth or every other day. For which causes these putrid continual Feavers are called ordinate, or inordinate quotidians, Tertians, or quarrans. But in those whose cause lurk∣eth in the Veins remote from the Heart, there is a hea∣viness, or pain, or burning in the part, where the matter lodgeth in the Neck, Loynes, or Joynts. There is alwaies a pain of the heart also, not that the matter lodgeth there, but from the hot Vapors.

Also in all these putrid Feavers whether the matter be near or far from the Heart, * 1.64 a part of it may be forced by nature out of the Veins, as in pure Feavers, by which she is disburdned into some internal or external parts, producing Tumors, Pustles, or Spots, which are not signes of In∣flamation, but Putrefaction. As in Children, the smal Pox and Meazles break forth (as Fernelius saith) plentifully in a Feaver, like a putrid Synoch: but they are not infections, but in Malignant Feavers.

It is a question whether blood can thus corrupt in the Arteries to cause Feavers. * 1.65 For it being hot and sprit∣ful, may easily burne and conveigh a a simple pure Feaver to the Heart, but it can scarse alone, or seperated from the blood of the hollow Vein, which is very pure, be corrupted; though with it, it may, or be infected by neighboring humors: especially because vapors that come from putrid blood, are carried that way to the Heart, both in putrid and intermitting Feavers. But if corruption should be in the Arteries, from the causes aforesaid, the feaver will be most violent: as in a causon, when corruption is in the trunk of the great Artery near the Heart. These feavers also differ in re∣spect of the blood, in respect of its temper, or distem∣per, before it caused them.

Temperate blood which offend∣eth only in quantity and which is not naturally inclined to putre∣faction, if it corrupt, * 1.66 causeth a pu∣trid Synoch, which is either made so from a Simple Synoch, wherein the blood was first inflamed, and then corrupted, or from the external causes at the first. Therefore some call the beginning of them, putrid Ephemera, which come from outward Causes. But we, because this pu∣trid heat ends not in one, or somtimes many dayes as a simple doth, cannot call the ephemeral, but putrid Synochus, because in them the heat is milder then in o∣ther continual putrid Feavers, and more equal, from the temper of the blood, having no fits from the equa∣lity of the blood, and because being near the heart in the great vessels, it is first afflicted with the external cau∣ses, and so the heart beats with an even Pulse: As we shewed.

If the blood be distempered, * 1.67 be∣fore it corrupt, it must be hotter then ordinary, for if it be too cold or crude, it rather causeth Cachexy or ill habit of Body then Feavers. And if it be so, * 1.68 before the feaver come, whether it be too thin or too thick or corrupted, it causeth Infla∣mation, and the more when it is in the Arteries, or any place near the Heart, hence come burning feavers continuing in the same state, so vio∣lently burning that except they kill, the substance of the Heart is melted away therewith and dryed, so that the whol body consumeth, as we shewed in a melting fea∣ver.

Praeternatural Heat or fault in the blood is the ante∣cedent Cause of Corruption of it in the Veins.

If the blood beinflamed with heat, we shewed, that it caused diary feavers, within a sanguine and full Body, as we shewed in a simple Synoch, except the heat abate of it self, or by cooling medicines, cause a suppuration, either in the blood or in the parts. So that the mass of blood being corrupted by long heat, there is not a sim∣ple heat but a compounded feaver, with putrefaction. And this is the cause why a Synoch not ending the se∣cond or third day, becomes putrid. This is known by the signs of an Ephemera and simple Synoch, the one whereof is, that the heat began externally. And this is the reason why fulness of blood which many say is the cause of putrid feavers, causeth a change of simple fea∣vers into putrid.

Foul or evil blood, which hath the seeds of corrup∣tion

in it, or is disposed thereunto, if it be gone so far by its plenty or corruption, that nature cannot order it, that is amend or purge it, causeth by putrefaction divers putrid feavers differing according to the place wherein, or the matter of which, the putrefaction is. These are foreseen before they come, by a constitution, not perfectly sound, nor sick, by reason of some secret fault in the blood: in which there is a laziness, havi∣ness and pain of the Head, troublesom dreams, stret∣ching of the sides or Hypochondria, Heart pain, Nau∣seousness, loathing of Meat, change and stink of usual Excrements, or not usual as sweat, spitting, vomiting, belching. This fault of blood comes either from things taken in, or from Excrements retained, or from outward things.

Things taken, as meat and drink, which are the matter of which blood is caused, if they be of evil juyce or corrupt, cause this fault in the blood.

Meats of evil juyce, though after they are eaten they are somwhat changed by concoction, and turned into blood, yet in regard the former condition remains, if they be often taken produce these putrid feavers: which are popular or common, when the meats ordinary eaten by most people from necessity, are such, as Herbs and Fruits, or Corn eaten in too much plenty, when unsound, as in time of dearth, these infect the blood, and cause Epidemical Feavers in Cities and Ar∣mies.

Also if the food be naturally good, and be putrified before it be taken, it infects the blood. As when they are too old or corrupt by too much moisture, whether Flesh, Fish, or Cheese, by stink and Putrefaction, being long taken, infect the Blood, and cause Feavers. And common Feavers come by corrupt Water, Bread, or Flesh at Sea, or from Corn, that is mowed up wet.

Those most easily corrupt, being eaten, which have much Excrementitious moisture, as summer fruits, the eating of these in summer abundantly, causeth Feavers in Autumn or the Spring following. Things that nou∣rish, as M••••k and Eggs, or sweer things, soon corrupt in hot Stomacks, and turn to Choler, which causeth other Diseases rather then Feavers: So do hard Meats and slimy, when the Stomack, Liver or Spleen are afflicted, for want of concoction cause crude blood and obstructions rather than Feavers: Except there be other accidents.

The retention of the Vapors and Excrements of blood usually sent forth by insensible Transpiration, or sweat infects the blood and causeth Feavers. This may be from divers causes, from idlness and sluggishness of na∣ture in expelling of Excrements, obstruction of the Skin and pores thereof, and want of Aire. Not that the blood is inflamed and then corrupted for want of Air through the pores to cool it, as we shewed in the causes of a Diary Feaver; Nor that it can come from a sudden cold taken in while the body is hot. But be∣cause the skin being made thick, the Excrements usu∣ally purged by the pores cannot come forth. And be∣cause the body cannot be refreshed with Air, to consume the moist Excrements under the skin; As we may ob∣serve by things kept in close places, where fresh Air comes not, they grow mouldy and musty: so by the long retention of these moist Excrements, for want of Air the blood may be infected, and Feavers fol∣low.

When the Air is infected with evil Vapors from stin∣king Carkases, and taken constantly into the body, it infects the Spirits, Blood and Heart, and causeth pu∣trid Feavers, and they are somtimes popular, when many live in it, and are disposed for it. Or contagi∣ous, when the putrefaction comes from the breath or sweat of sick men. This is from a malignant or vene∣mous quality, rather then a simple corruption.

The vessels not continued to the heart of veins and arteries are only the meseraicks, * 1.69 branches of the gate-vein which comes from the li∣ver, dispersed through the bowels in the lower belly, and no where else, never coming forth to the skin but in the Funda∣ment, where they are called Haemorrhoids. For the Arte∣ries which accompany these, as also those that accom∣pany the branches of the hollow Vein, coming all from the great Artery, are continued to the Heart thereby. Therefore if a humor corrupt in the meseraicks: though their passage be intercepted by the substance of the Li∣ver, in which all their branches are, yet because the branches of the hollow Vein are also in the same sub∣stance of the Liver, and are joyned to the mouths of of the branches of the Gate-vein, and because there is a constant passage of the Blood in the Liver by them: And also because the Arteries coming to the Heart, are joyned to the Meseraicks in the Spleen, Stomach, and Guts. By this communion and vicinity it happens, that as oft as evil vapors rising from the Meseraicks, do fill the branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery, they pass that way to the Heart, and cause putrid Fea∣vers by their stink; but these are not continual, but in∣termitting. And because the putrid Matter is not far from the Heart in continual Feavers, they may a little intermit, but not wholly cease: For the Heart once on fire, before it be wholly quenched, and a new vapor in the Veins that come unto it, must have fits at certain times: As we shewed. Also this is from other Cau∣ses, a filthy vapor in the Meseraicks, which causeth a Feaver, which doth not constantly touch the Heart with the same force, by reason of the distance, this is not alwayes unequal, but wholly ceaseth, by reason of the stoppage of passages to the Heart. And so long inter∣mitteth while the putrid Matter confined to its fire, swells, and sends forth a vapor to the Heart, with some of it self. For it being abundant, and of an evil quality, provoketh Nature to send it into the branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery, and so into the Heart, where it causeth Feavers, to continue so long, till all the fuel be burnt up, or sweat out: After which manner a Feaver wholly ceaseth, till a new fit cometh by a new motion and heat of the Matter, sooner or la∣ter, and not in the same form: As shall be shewed. Now let us consider what humor it is that putrifieth in the Meseraicks, what is the conjunct cause of intermit∣ting Feavers, and the antecedent Cause of Corrup∣tion.

The humor contained in the Meseraicks is Blood, yet not so pure as that in the Liver purged from the wa∣terish and cholerick Excrements, and fit for nourish∣ment, although some part of it for nourishing the mem∣branes be pure, it is waterish, and some part thick, it is full of excrementitious Humors that pass with the Chyle, and being purged from these in the second con∣coction it is sent into the hollow Vein. These excre∣mentitious Humors seem whey-like and cholerick, for Serum or Whey coming from much drink, and moist food, and passing through the Meseraicks, and carry∣ing with it other crude humors, passeth in greater quan∣tity to the emulgent Veins, and so to the Reins and Bladder. The cholerick Matter, rifing from Meats and Drinks mixed with Blood, is first purged by the li∣ver, and then sent to the Gall. Besides these two Hu∣mors

for which nature hath made two receptacles, we can find none; nor can we by reason or sense perceive that the Spleen was ordained for that purpose. Ther∣fore a putrefaction in the Meseraicks nor in the hollow Vein cannot be distinct in any part of this blood, or in the excrements mixed therewith, but must needs cor∣rupt the whol mass. And if it come to the height that it sends most hot vapors (which only can reach the Heart) then it produceth these fevers. Nor can they come from a crude or waterish blood which wil not so corrupt and grow so hot to send such vapors, but other Diseases may. As when the matter which aboundeth in this blood is cholerick, and is not sufficiently clens∣ed in the Gall, but makes the blood too cholerick, and putrifieth it, then causeth intermitting Fevers by hot and subtile vapors sent to the Heart. And for this cause we affirm that this blood corrupted with yellow or black Choler, such as we have seen voided by the Haemorrhoids in the Cure of such fevers; and Children have voided abundantly by stool, causeth these inter∣mitting fevers. Thus, The cholerick blood being long in the Veins before it produce a fever, at length corrupting, and swelling and burning about the Mid∣riff, and sending forth dry vapors (which first offend the sensible Nervous parts) by pricking the expulsive faculty causeth cold at the beginning of the fit (the heat being sent in with the blood) and when nature strives to shake off that which offendeth yawning, chil∣ness, shaking; as we may observe in other places when any sharp matter strikes upon sensile parts the body shivereth, also Vomiting is often in the begin∣ning from the stirring up of the expulsive faculty. These are at the beginning, but after when the Vapor from the Midriff ascending to the Heart by the waies aforesaid, enflameth it, a heat follows, and the cold and shaking ceaseth, except the Vapor go so soon to the Heart that the heat appears before the cold be gone, and there be both heat and cold at the same time, as in the fever Epialis. This heat being raised from the Mid∣riff, the whol body is inflamed, a great thirstand other accidents from heat continue so long, til the Vapors being discussed by insensible transpiration or sweat, the fever departs or intermits, so long til new matter cor∣rupting in time of rest, cause as many vapors as may make a new fit. And this course of fits continueth till all that matter which was apt to corrupt be taken away by help of Nature and the Physitian, for in every fit part of that cholerick matter corrupted is turned into a Vapor & discussed by heat, or sweat out, or pissed forth, the Urin being after the fits yellow, red, sharp and stin∣king: sometimes the whol Disease is dissolved by sweat; and if any thick part of the choler stick in the skin, there followeth the Maunge or Scab, or the like: somtimes by vomiting flegm and choler sent into the Stomach from the Gall is voided by wh••ch the cause is taken away and the Ague cured. These are by Art or Nature separating the feverish matter from the blood in the Meseraicks, and the Vomits and Stools are bloody often, when there is a Cure, but it is dangerous because the way is not ordinary, except the cause of the fever come forth with blood at the Haemorrhoids, by these means we have seen quartans cured, which could not be by other bleeding, which draws from the branches of the hollow vein only, and the Meseraicks only appear at the Haemmorrhoids. Nor can the cause be so taken away, except when the branches of the hol∣low vein are emptied, theseverish matter gets into them out of the Meseraicks. But if there be such a passage, and the putrid blood be mixed with that in the branches of the hollow Vein, an intermitting fever is made a Continual as I have often seen by unseasonable blood∣letting, when the cholerick matter is purged from the blood and the blood tempered with serum and carried thereby into the branches of the hollow vein, and so into the habit of the body and Urin which it tinctu∣reth, then the fever either ceaseth with the Jaundies if the the whol cause be carried thither. Sometimes this matter isinfused into the fibres or smal veins of the Guts and produceth Erysipelas and Colicks, the fever ceasing or not as the matter is wholly or in part carried away: from whence if Convulsions arise they are dangerous as I shewed. Fernelius saies that he found a pound of this cholerick matter about the Membrane of the Li∣ver and the Nerves of the Back in one that he dissected after his death of a Fever. Therfore if cholerick blood corrupt in the Meseraicks, it is the true cause of all in∣termitting fevers, they come and go, by reason of stop∣page of the way to the Heart and thinness of the Va∣pors. The diversity of them comes from the diversity of the place and matter.

The matter of this putrifying cholerick blood is not alwaies the same, but as we see choller separated from the blood, is now yellow, now green, and black, thick∣er or thinner, so is this divers in the Mesaraicks, espe∣cially thinner or thicker.

The Corruption of thin choller in this blood before it can cause a feaver, * 1.70 must be three daies after the first Cor∣ruption is discussed; hence it is called a Tertian, which comes every third day. And if as much be corrupted as before it comes at the same hour; or if more be corrupted, it comes one hour or two sooner; when less corruption or matter for it re∣maineth, the fits are later and the feaver decaies. But as this chollerick matter is pure or impure, the course of the whol feaver and its fits varieth.

Pure Choler which is mixed with blood being hot makes an exquisite Tertian: and because the vapors are sooner discussed the fits are shorter, and the feaver lasteth scarce seven fits by reason of the quick motion of the matter.

If it be impure mixed rather with crude than fleg∣matick humors and blood, it causeth a bastard tertian, in which the fits are longer, more disorderly and the fever longer, because the matter is much and unequal.

If the Choller be thick and burnt; * 1.71 because it is longer corrupting, it requires a longer time to get to the Heart to make a fever, therefore the fit is not til the fourth day, and it is called a Quartan. This comes sooner or later, is exquisite or bastard, hath a shorter or longer course for the same cause that a Tertian from which in heat and other accidents it is much different, only by reason of thickness of the humor it is longer and worse to be abated. And if the matter grow so tough that it corrupteth not under five or six daies, to send up va∣pors that cause a feaver, then these feavers which are rare are called quintans or sextans.

These vary according to the place as the matter is in one or divers places.

If in the same it putrifie, the feaver is a simple-tertian or quartan, exquisite or Nothus in respect of the matter.

If in divers places, it wil be either in the Mesaraicks only, or also in the branches of the hollow vein.

If Choller corrupt in the Me∣seraicks only not in one but two or three places about the Liver, * 1.72 Spleen, Mesentery or Caul, the feaver is double or treble, and one ceasing another follows the the next day, or the same. Hence it is that Quotidians are, not as some talk from flegm though they cannot prove it, for they are double terti∣ans or treble quartans, which have every day a fit or more, for I observed in a double bastard tertian two fits in a day, and three in twenty four hours. And to these may the double quartanes (which come two daies and intermit one) be referd, and as these are when Chol∣ler of the same nature corrupts in divers places. And when the Choller is divers in divers places, as thick in one, thin in another, there are Tertians mixed confu∣sedly with Quartans divers daies. These are known by their symptoms.

If blood corrupt not only in the Mesaraicks but Branches of the hollow Vein, * 1.73 then there is a continual with an intermitting feaver called a semi tertian; where in respect of the diversi∣ty of the matter tertians or quartans, single or double, ba∣stard or legitimate, are joyned with a continual feaver, that either hath no fits, or upon certain daies. Hence it is that the feaver is alwaies either with sharpness from the continual, or fits from the tertian.

The antecedent cause of this corruption in the hu∣mors of the Meseraicks which causeth fevers is either efficient or adjuvant.

The efficient is meat and drink by which hot, sharp, chollerick or burnt juvce is bred in the stomach or first passages. This being long gathered nor wel separated from the blood, but in the Mesaraicks or another place, or divers, when it corrupteth it causeth feavers agreeable to its humor shorter or longer, or otherwise differing. This juyce comes from food that hath such in it self, or gets it by corruption.

These have sharp chollerick juyce, Onions, Garlick, Leeks, Rotten Cheese, and like, naturally.

By corruption these turn into such juyce, especially in hot stomachs. Sweet things which easily turn into choler, and fat. Raw fruits, by eating whereof in Au∣tumn come Dysenteries or bloody fluxes from choller, and also quartans. Also other moist meats as Eggs and Milk, which nourish much, by corruption turn into sharpest choller; of which this filth proceeding if it be not purged, it is carried into the Veins and, gets fea∣vers, though the vulgar impute them to other causes.

The cause adjuvant is the disposition of body in re∣spect of constitution or season.

They who are hot and chollerick are soonest taken, and they of middle age, and Infants by intemperance, and have the matter from the Womb like black cholle∣rick blood, and bring these feavers into the world with them. Somtimes they suck them from their Nurse, as March 27. 1640. I had a Son born in the seventh month when the Mother had the third fit of a bastard tertian, which had at first the feaver at the same time with the Mother, and two sits after, it had sucked, and in the third with some light Couvulsions it departed being not fourteen daies old. Sometimes old men have them, but they are seldom. The hottest time of the yeer and when the diet is worst, is the time to get Agues in Autum tertians and quartans are usual by rea∣son of the Summer Diet, in Spring and Summer, Terti∣ans are frequent.

Putrefaction out of the Veins and Arteries causeth feavers, * 1.74 when it sends evil vapors or corrupti∣on to the Heart and afflicteth it with a stinking heat, hence come symptomatical feavers which fol∣low a disease caused by this cortuption. These are gentle and unequal, because the matter out of the ves∣sels, cannot send to the Heart so much as when it is in the vessels, nor keep that order: these are quicker or slower to the tast, as the matter is; either in a Natural or Pretertatural humor, or a Natural or preternatural body or part thereof.

When a few humors contained out of the vessels corrupt without the putrefaction of the parts con∣tainining they cause putied fea∣vers. * 1.75 Some say all humors whe∣ther hot or moist being corrupted out of the vessels wil cause it, but this we shal examin. These are hot, viz. natural blood falling out of the Veins, and divers cholerick excre∣ments, These are moist, the waterish and flegmatick humor.

If blood flow from the veins into any part and cause inflammation it causeth only a pure symptomatical fe∣ver and not a putrid though it corrupt, except the part corrupt also. But if blood coming from veins open or broken congeal, and by continuance corrupt, especi∣ally in great quantity, and in a place neer the Heart, as in the breast and Lungs, then putrid but gentle Fevers follow these Affects or Diseases, but seldom when it is in the stomach or Guts, because it cannot stay long there; or in the Reins or Bladder, because the Urine washeth it away.

If either that Choler which comes from the Mesa∣raicks into the Gall or Spleen to be purged as they say, or that which breeds in the stomach of things eaten; either corrupt in its own place or in another, some think it begets putrid Fevers if yellow, Tertians, if black, quartans, exquisite or Nothus as it is pure or mixed. But we not observing any such black Choler in the substance of the Spleen, and perceiving no Gall or Bladder to receive it, as there is for the yellow Choler in the Liver, and knowing that the use of the Spleen is more excellent than to be the Receiver of Melancholy, nor finding any other black Choler than that which is made of the yellow, cannot be convinced, that such a humor in the Spleen can produce either quartan or other Agues. And if they call the melan∣cholick juyce corrupted so, and make it the cause of a quartane, we wil not grant that to be in the substance of the Spleen or elswhere distinct from the blood whose dreg it is. But if they understand by it, the thickest part of the blood, in that they confirm our O∣pinion which teacheth that some of the blood in the Mesaraicks corrupting causeth intermitting fevers: because Faeculent blood is rather in the great Veins of the Mesaraicks than in the smal of the Spleen by reason of the plenty of Arteries filled with thin rather than thick blood; In which Mesaraicks if corruption in the dregs of blood causeth quartans, as they grant, then they must confess that the cause of Tertians is from the same blood, but in a divers part as we shewed: But we do not affirm either excrementitious choler gather∣ed out of the Veins, whether yellow, green, or black, to be the cause of intermitting fevers if it putrifie, in re∣gard

it is a very hot and sharp humor being in the Bel∣ly, especially if it corrupt, or be heated more, and it causeth rather Colicks, Heart-pains, Vomitings and Cholerick fluxes by pulling the parts than Fevers, ex∣cept by inflammation through pain there be a little fe∣ver which seldom follows these Diseases. And if it be so hot it cannot stay so long, to raise corrupt vapors and send them to the Heart to cause a fever: but this being moved and hot by a feverish heat brings forth accidents that signifie Choler as we shewed, of which the fever is rather the cause, than Choler the Cause of of the Fever; which being naturally mixed with the excrements and corrupting with them and sending stinking vapors doth not infect the superior parts.

They say that superfluous flegm in the Stomach, Guts, Mesentery and about the Bowels, corrupting causeth Agues called Quotidians, and if it be glassie or sharp, Epiala's. And some say that the corruption of waterish flegm causeth a gentle Fever in Dropsies cal∣led Leucophlegm and Cachecticks. But how can slegm which is cold, get so much heat from putrefacti∣on that it may produce sharp and hot vapors, to cause Fevers, because if it be long kept, and the part be hot, it wil turn rather slimy than putrid. And no Authors mention any kind of putrid flegm, moreover these Fevers answer to the three humors excrementitious as they say viz. to Flegm, Choler, and Melancholy. And there is another cause of Epiala in which heat and cold are both at a time. As for the waterish flegm that brings a Fever we shal shew (treating of the serum) that serum is the cause there of and not flegm.

For as Serum or Whey washeth the blood, and by its moisture allay's the heat and the Choler in the Blood, in the Jaundies: So when it is mixed in the Meseraicks with Cholerick blood putrified, in a great quantity it causeth lingring and long bastard Fevers. But this Whey being separated from the blood into the Abdomen that is Belly or Breast, or under the Skin, and there contained a long time corrupting, and turn∣ing, stinking, and sharp, as we have often seen it green and stinking, when it hath been let out in Dropsies: It causeth little Feavers, especially when it is near the Heart, being hot and thin, and corrupting the parts that contain it. Such Feavers are in Virgins that have the green sickness, saith Fernelius.

Fleshy moist Bodies, because they easily corrupt, and so have a preternatural heat, beget putrid Fever caused by the humors, which are out of their vessels whether they be Natural as parts of the Body, or con∣tained in the Body as a dead Child, or Secundine, or preternatural, as Worms.

Corruption of some parts of the body, * 1.76 causeth gentle putrid Fe∣vers, if any part of the corruption or Vapor from it get to the heart. And these are of long continuance especially if there be corruption of any noble part or neer the Heart, by which means viz. the continuance of the Fever and corruption of the part, the body consumeth. This corruption be∣gins from some humor fixed and stinking, corroding or infecting the part. Or from an Ulcer or Imposthume after Inflammation, or outward hurt, or a Vein bro∣ken: We shal shew the reason why this falling in some parts causeth Fevers, in others not.

In the Phthisis or Consumption the Lungs are usuallyulcerated, corrupt, and filthy, and consumed for the most part, and the heart being constantly by their neerness infected, there is a gentle symptomatical Fever, which turns into an Hectick, which from the loss of a noble part makes the whol body lean and de∣stroyeth it.

Corruption of the Liver and Spleen, by reason their substance is alike, cometh from the same causes in both, which we find often after Death with great stink; and it brings lingring symptomatical Fevers which pro∣duce Atrophy and Cachexy, and the vulgar take to be Hecticks, from the want of blood, most usual in Vir∣gins and Children, such Children may have at the time of sucking and in the smal Pox when they refuse drink, and want moisture to cool them, the Liver gro∣wing hot, hard or swollen.

Corruption of the Reins causeth no constant Fever, because it goes away by Urin; neither doth the body pine away, for if one Kidney be consumed, the other wil officiate for it, & so a man may be long preserved.

The Brain and the Heart, being noble parts, cannot be corrupted to produce a Fever while a man is living. Though Ulcers have been observed in the Heart, which have caused Death, before a Fever.

Also corruption in the Membranous parts about the Stomach, Guts, Bladder, and Womb, the Mesentery and Cawl causeth a lingring Fever. Also in any part of the body inward or outward, and the farther from the Heart, the corruption is, the more uneven is the Fe∣ver and intermitting.

If the Child in the Womb with the Secundine joyn∣ed by the Vessels to the Womb be putrified, and conti∣nue til the Womb be infected, and other adjacent parts (as I have seen) there is a Fever of the same sort, which disturbeth the body after a divers manner and is long, if the Patient die not.

Also preternatural things bred in the body, * 1.77 as Worms or Flesh joyn to other parts, corrupting and infecting other parts produce the same Fevers which shake and consume the body: but not ex∣cept they corrupt; albeit Infants that have live Worms are feverish, and it is like a Synoch from an external cause, sharp not gentle, and as that hath other accidents, so in this Children have Worms.

A great heat with a malignant quality strikeing the Heart, gets constant malignant Fevers, and if it infect others, contagious; thus differing, as the heat comes on∣ly from malignity or corruption with malignity.

Corruption with a malignant qua∣lity, * 1.78 not only offending the Heart by it self as we shewed in putrid Fe∣vers, but with malignity, causeth malignant, and contagious but not pestilential Fevers, these are in In∣fants in the Meazles and smal Pox, seldom in men: but in them it causeth common Epidemical Fevers without Bubo or Carbuncle, or great symptoms, but Head-ach and doting, which destroy. We shal shew how this corruption gets malignity and in what place, and what is the cause thereof.

The place in which this corruption is bred, is the same in which simple corruption is bred in the vessels of the hollow Vein, or in the Meseraicks, or without them; and it is as I shewed in the same humors and bodies.

If blood corrupt in the great vessels of the hollow Veiu, * 1.79 and hath a venemous quality, which is communicated to the heart by the vessels as we shewed in putrid Fevers, disturbing it with stinking and malignant heat, it

causeth continual Fevers, dangerous for two qualities. In which if Nature send any of that malignant blood into the pores of the Skin or the Membranes, it causeth Spots and Pimples smal Pox and Measles afore∣said, but if not, nothing breaks forth, but some small spots which declare the secret venom and Death. But then these Fevers differ in respect of the corruption and malignity which meet together.

The fevers that come from putrefaction of blood are like putrid Synochs and other continual Fevers, and as the blood corrupted was temperate or distempered, or is neer the Heart, or farther off, the symptoms are better or worse, and the whol course of the Disease varieth. Hence some of these are like Synochs, and have no strong Fits, as in Children of the small Pox; when Nature sends the filth forth, the Fever is milder. In malignant Fevers in men, if the Corruption be not great, and apear not in Urin or Blood, there is great heat, and accidents following. And if the Corruption increase, in an intemperate body neer the Heart or o∣ther princcipal part, then it begins with Horror and Heat as other continual Fevers and somtimes it is like a Causon or burning Fever in the symptomes.

From a malign quality joyned with Corruption, if it prevail and weaken the Heart, in regard Nature be∣ing hindered cannot valiantly and in order encounter the Disease, it happens these fevers whether less or grea∣ter or more hot, keep not a certain motion, nor time by which they are to be known. Yet somtimes they end with a Crisis. Those like Synochs putrid end not so, but by filth sent forth, as in the small Pox.

Choler in the Meseraicks, if it be malignant as wel as putrid, it produceth intermitting malignant Fevers, if it be green blew or black and venemous, Nature of∣fended therewith, presently labors to expel it by fluxes or Vomits, and a malignant intermiting Fever is sel∣dom seen, but if it come by the long reteining of that malignity, those Stools or Vomitings are deadly.

When humors corrupt out of the Vessels, in regard they can scarce produce simple Fevers; If malignity happen, it begets not putrid malignant Fevers but swounings, Convulsions, and other accidents; and if there be venom which of it self causeth Fevers without putrefaction, then it begets such Fevers which may come only from malignity, of which hereafter.

The cause of this malignant quality in the blood joyned to Corruption, from whence these putrid ma∣lignant Fevers arise, is either from things about us, or things taken in and retained.

Air or other bodies about us, if they be not only un∣clean but malignant, and we receive the malignity by breath or touching to infect the blood, then it produ∣ceth these Fevers, especially when the blood was foul before. When it comes from things about us, it comes from great changes, or exhalations.

Change of Seasons or inordinate great and sudden tempests, foreshewed by Meteors going afore or then appearing, or demonstrated rather than caused, cause these faults in the Air which produce these malignant epidemical Fevers like the Plague. Among these, is a wet spring with much Southerly Wind.

Exhalations stinking and venemous coming from the Earth, Ditches or Pools, and the excrements of li∣ving Creatures formerly infected, as sweat, breath, bo∣dies, pollute the Air to infect the body, and cause these Fevers, most common to them that live in the place from whence the seed of the infection sprang.

Corrupt Diet which not only fouls the blood, but is malignant, if it offend the blood caused by it both waies, makes not only simple but malignant Fevers, such as they have who have been in a Famine, as the Greek Proverb is, After a Famine comes a Plague.

Corrupt blood long retained in the body, as when it is sent out of the Veins into some part, and turns ve∣nemous, causeth such symptoms as they have who are stung with venemous Beasts. Also Blood corrupted in the Veins and growing old where it cannot produce a Fever and malignant, causeth not only putrid Fevers, but malignant and spotted Fevers; these are in some men of impure constitutions when there is no epide∣mical Fever, that have been il disposed a long time be∣fore. This malignity is known by the sudden failing of strength, spots and other signs of secret poyson. Al so Infants though Nature presently casts forth the ve∣nom have such Fevers from the same cause, by which they cast off the filth of blood they brought with them, and after they renew their bodies by Scabs, and Itch, and other natural purgations. This came not only from the Mothers Courses as they suppose because the Child is not nourished in the Womb with impure but good blood, and the excrements gathered to the time of bringing forth, after the Child is born are sent forth by stool not only red and green, but black. But there may be new corruption and venom from change of Diet.

A malignant quality alone, and without corruption may cause a Fe∣ver pestilential and venemous. * 1.80 This quality is seldom seen in the body, but a Corruption went afore it to which it is joyned, such as hath pow∣er to strike the Heatt as soon as it is taken, and to in∣fect it and the whol body, spirits, humors and parts, getting Fevers like Ephem••••a's or Synochs, with great weakness alone, or joyned with other D••eases. But these Fevers differ in respect of the Poyson taken in. For there are divers sorts of Poysons which strike at di∣vers parts of the body, and afflict the Heart, and some inflame it and cause Fevers, and indeed we cannot de∣clare what this propriety is, but we know by the effect that it doth so. We shal therefore make two kinds of poysons which cause Fevers from the diversity of the effects which they produce. The one we wil call ma∣nifest inflaming poyson, the other secret pestilent poy∣son.

We conclude that there is an in∣flaming Poyson from stinging and biting of venemous Beasts which causeth venemous Fevers, * 1.81 from in∣flammation of the whol body, great Thirst, Horror and Shivering, as Nicander and Diosco∣rides describe it. Nicander that the biting of the Ser∣pent Dipsas inflames the Heart. These Fevers are proper to them that are so stung, and have the afore∣said and other accidents. In which if any part of the Ve∣nom be sent forth by nature to the extream parts, there are blew spots in the Skin. And sometimes there are Bubo's as in the Plague, as Nicander saith, when they are stung with the Serpent Cerasta, and have great pain in both Groyns; somtimes where the sting is and the poyson entred, there is a Pustle or Inflammation which shews the way by which the Poyson entered.

A Pestilent Poyson of what kind soever causeth a Pestilent Feaver: * 1.82 for there is seldom a Plague, without a Feaver, though in some it is disco∣vered only by the Pulse, this is dead∣ly and contagious or the cause of Po∣pular infection. It is manifest that this Pestilent poy∣son comes first to the Body from without, because it striks a Man suddenly. But when it invadeth pri∣vately

we know not the place whence it came, being internal, except we suspect some body that was infect∣ed, and near the Patient. Some say this Venom is in the Air, and gets into the Bodies therewith, either sent from Heaven into it, or by change or exhalations, it is so corrupted, that it hath not only malignity to cause putrid, malignant Feavers, but also Pestilence. But omitting many other Arguments: We shall conclude it not so from hence. That after great and long tem∣pests, though there be other Diseases, there is often no Plague, especially where the Contagion of dead Bodies is avoided. And the Plague is many times, when no change of times, or Stars went afore, or is present, as in the year 1564. in that great Plague in Germany no man could accuse the Air of Intemperance. But chiefly, if the Plague should arise from a poysoned Air, every Man that breaths therein, should be infected, because it is the Nature of Poysons, that being contrary to us in their whole substance, they sease upon Bodies how∣soever they are disposed. This coming to pass, that the Plague taking but here and there some that are in the same Air, we cannot conclude that it is in the Air and so communicated to Mankind. But it is more probable, that as other Poysons are bred in some Bodies, from the beginning of the World, so this pestilent poyson is not only in some bodies infected, and others not feaverish as yet, but in their Cloaths, and so passeth from body to body, not only by touch∣ing but by the Air intervening; This Pestilent Poyson, taken by breathing in, presently strikes the Heart, and makes a Feaver in a moment; Or getting into some part of the Body, gets by degrees into the Heart by secret passages: Or staying there somtimes infects the Body but not with a Pestilent Feaver. But by this the same body or another may be infected sooner or later.

Hence it is that some infected persons flying from the place infected to another, where there is no infecti∣on, and there staying, have the Plague after many daies, or infect others before they are themselves infected therewith. As we know by experience, and Fernelius witnesseth, that a Harlot that hath laien with a man that hath the Pox, hath not been infected herself, and yet hath given the Pox to another, And therefore we dare affirm that this Seminary Plague, lodgeth alwaies in some part of the world (as other Poysons do) in some bodies and from thence goes into others, by the way we shewed. As we know the Pox doth, which came first from the Indies, and so crep from body to body to us, and is no where but in mens bodies. And it som∣times appears not in some places, and somtimes it doth, and is carried by men from one Country to an∣other. So the Plague although it hath long been un∣seen in some places, yet being in some bodies upon the Earth, it is derived in time into others, so that it is not necessary when we hear no news of it, to think it is ta∣ken out of the World, or that it is newly begot in the Air, when it returns. Although we deny not but that the Air may be infected, and may get into the body, as in Putrid Malignant Feavers was shewed: As the Plague may come from infected bodies by the Air, but that it took the beginning from the Air, we cannot al∣low for the reasons mentioned. All which as they are probably to be found in the seat and original of this pestilent Venom, so it is very difficult to explain how this poyson goes from body to body, and why it in∣fects one rather than another in the same place, in re∣gard this is not done so plainly as in other poysons but secretly: But it is easier to shew, why Fevers differing in nature, accidents and signs should come from thence. All these happen either in respect of the Ve∣nom, or the dispotion of the subject body so infected, or in respect of strength.

The contrary effects which cannot come only from the constitution of the body affected shew that Pesti∣lent venome, is not all of the same nature: for some Plagues take all or most with one distinction, others only few; others kill all they touch: others are most of them cured. But we cannot describe what lieth hid in the venome that causeth the variety and whence it comes.

To find out a fit disposition of Body, or of the Heart, as Fernelius saith, to receive this poyson is as impossible as to shew the nature of it: because men of all constitu∣tions, and those that are not only foul bodied, but pure and sound are easily infected: so that no disposition is required, or if any, it is difficult or impossible to be known, as Fernelius saith and we confess. And there∣fore in the former case and this, we fly to divine pro∣vidence, which stirreth up this Plague here or there for the punishment of man, and sends it to what place he pleaseth, to kill those he marked out, and to cha∣stise others. Yet though we can no otherwise describe this disposition which makes men fit or unfit for the Plague, in regard the Pestilent Feaver is not one and the same that comes from the venom, we can prove that it comes from the diversity of the subject body that is affected. As fire burnes more or less according to the variety of the fuel, so when the Plague is in any body, it hath a different Feaver in respect of the differ∣ent constitution.

If it gets into a temperate body (for it spares not such as Children, Virgins, Youths and well habited bodies) it causeth somtimes a mild Feaver like a Diary, only the spirits being inflamed with the Heart, and then the heat and the accidents following are milder, nor is the Urin changed much.

If the Plague strike a Sanguine or Plethorick person then it will be like a Synoch Feaver and the Spirits and Blood will be inflamed with the Heart: in which there is greater heat, and accidents as Head-ach, redness of Face and the like, that disturbe the Patient grievous∣ly.

If the Plague seize upon Cholerick persons, then by reason of the heat of the Heart, Spirits and Humors, there is with other Symptoms of hear, Vomiting, Stools, and other accidents from choller which are grievous.

Unclean bodies, especially that have corrupt blood, and subject to Feavers, if they take the Plague, then it is putrid continual and Malignant with great hear and other Symptoms, and then are foul excretions by rea∣son of corruption.

The reason why they who have the Plague are in more or less danger, is in the strength as well as the poyson, for strong persons oppose it more then weak. And this is the reason why some have spots and others none: for if nature be weak the poyson will lie at the Heart and no tokens thereof appear. But if nature send it forth, then it inflameth every part it toucheth and burns it red, with pain and impression under the Arm-pits, or Tumors under the Ears, or Carbuncles, which inflamed increase the Feaver. And when na∣ture disburdens her self by the pores of the Skin, there are Spots and Pustles: These are caused by the Poy∣son sent out by Nature: And are not sent as markes or tokens, as some call them, of the Plague, at its first entrance: for though some appear at the first, Nature doth cause it by expelling from the Heart that which so suddenly smore it: except a Pustle come by touching of a dead body infected, as I once had in my hand, but

when I felt the pulse of a man in a mortal sweat, that died of the Plague; and both I and my Chirurgion that was with me had a pustle in our Feet which sudden∣ly vanished and though we were infected we had nei∣ther Feaver nor any other inconvenience. And in the year 1634. I touched the pulse of a sweating man dy∣ing of the Plague, and presently after I had black spots from my middle Finger and the outside of my Hand to my Wrist; yet they presently went away after I had washed my Hands with Vinegar and Treacle. And Bubo's come in the Plague somtimes, not from the poyson sent to the Emunctuaries, but from the heat and pain of some Carbuncle that is near, as in other Inflamations: Yet somtimes they come from both causes, and there are divers in the same, or divers pla∣ces, and these being inflamed and brought to suppura∣tion joyn a new Feaver to the former. I have by long observation found out these things, having fix times been a practiser in the time of great plagues to the end of them, and been constant to my patients, and there∣fore I declare them for Favor of no man, but for Love of the truth.

A fixed constant heat in the Heart and other parts, * 1.83 not mutable or that called fire by the Greeks, which comes and goes without change of tempera∣ment, (the parts that were hot returning to their former state) as Fernelius shews may be in the ninth Chapter of his Book of tempera∣ments. But when the temperament and proportion of the Elements to use the words of Fernelius are turnd hotter and dryer, so that the heat can scarse be remo∣ved or the temperament changed, then Feavers will be continuing long and constant, never to be cured. Hence they are called Hecticks, because they are in the habit of the body, called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and cannot be easily removed, as habit is not easily taken away; And in regard the heat in them is not fiery, as in other Feavers, but a change of the temperament into more hot and dry, as I shewed: thefore they scarce feel the heat, although all similar parts of the Body are chan∣ged and dryer and hotter to the touch, and the Heart is perceived to beat quicker and harder. This heat is not alwaies alike, but when the body is more inflamed, as after meat, which they alwaies perceive, or violent motion and other causes, it is increased with the pulse and motion of the Heart. Also the Consumption cal∣led Marasmus which follows these Feavers, is not the melting of the body by violent heat, by which means they say some pieces of the body come away by Urin, but falsly, for that is only from the foulness of the Reins and Bladder, and otherwise in the most burning Feaver the parts cannot be so roasted and melted. But this leanness comes from the temperament of the simi∣lary parts turned hotter and dryer by reason of the heat of the Heart. And this is the reason why they are not rightly nourished, but fall and pine away in a Con∣sumption.

Another Feaver going before it, is the cause of an Hectick, because the heart cannot loose its tempera∣ment so much from any other cause then the heat of a violent Feaver, which by its strength and continuance may at length change the Heart. Hence it is that these Feavers come seldom from a simple and pure heat and Diary Feavers. But if they end not in an exact time as they use to do, and turn not into putride, they turn into Hetticks. But more usually they come from pu∣trid Feavers alone or Malignant, which last long, espe∣cially when the Heart hath been long scorched, and after quenched and then Distemper remain, which caus∣eth a long Hectick which consumeth the Body, when the burning Fever is gone. This is not that Fever which while the burning Fever remaineth, so broyleth the Heart by its violent heat, that the whole body is suddenly consumed which is called, A melting He∣ctick. Also Hecticks may be produced from long inter∣mitting burning Fevers after the same manner. And Fontanonus teacheth, that they may come of continual Fevers when a semi-tertian abides long. Also from o∣ther putrid Fevers though gentle, if long, and heat the Heart constantly, may a gentle Hectick follow gentle and lingring putrid Fevers, as in Cachecticks and Consumptions, because the Cause is more neer the Heart. Also they begin and are joyned with Putrid Continual Fevers which are known as we shewed, by the accidents of the aforesaid Fevers stil continuing, and a great or Consumption then was in Putrid fevers; As when an Hectick is joyned with an acute Putrid, Lingring, or Intermitting; This is caused by the dis∣position of the Heart, if it be by nature too hot which grows sooner hot and dry by the fevers aforesaid. And by a Heart that is tender and quickly receives other heat which destroies the Natural. For this cause yong Children have often Hecticks, not only after a long but a Diary fever.

The Cure.

The general Cure of all Fevers the Indication being taken from the Disease is moistening and cooling be∣cause they are hot and dry. But because the heat is not alwaies the same in every kind of Fever, and the causes divers, the Cure must be divers. The chief kinds are solitary or alone Fevers without another Disease, and these are simple or compound; or accompanied with another Disease. The Cure differs according to the Cause of these three kinds of Fevers.

They are simple solitary Fevers which are of one kind, under which are divers sorts in respect of the di∣vers Causes, for which the Cure is different. When they come from a simple or single heat, they are pure and single called Ephemeral and Synochs; when from a putrid heat, they are Putrid, Continual, and Inter∣mitting: When from a malignant heat, they are Pu∣trid, Malignant, Pestilential and Venemous. When from a fixed heat, they are Hecticks. To these eight kinds we shal prescribe particular Cures.

An Ephemeral Fever Pure, Single or Alone, * 1.84 ends of it self many times the first day before twenty four hours pass, and brings no danger. If it continue longer by some error or greatness of the Cause, it turns to a Synoch, seldom to a Hectick: To prevent which they must be thus ordered by Altering and Evacuating means.

For the Evacuation of the matter which is thin, and and sooty, and dissolves and breaks forth by heat in∣creased, by the pores insensibly or Sweat, we shal help Nature those waies, for shee wil of her self do it, if shee be not hindred.

By keeping the body warm, lest the Vapor be struk in.

By giving no meat before the Fever decline lest we hinder Natures motion, or very little and that when the body is weak.

By giving to drink sometimes such things as help transpiration or sweat as we shal shew in the Synoch accompanied.

If the Belly be loose there is less danger of its turn∣ing

into a Synoch, this is better done by Clysters and Suppositories than by other means.

If the Fever come from a Surfet, or Wine especially, a Vomit wil not be amiss.

Altering things, in regard the heat is small, are not many. If the Air be too hot in the Chamber, it must not be too much cooled but qualified, lest we increase the Fever by sudden sending the heat to the Heart, or by stopping transpiration or sweating. And we refresh them with moderate drinking, if they thirst, by which they wil sweat better.

A simple pure Synoch if it be a∣lone, * 1.85 although the heat be great, if it be wel ordered departs the third or fourth day at the farthest without hurt either by transpiration or Sweat. If not, it turns to a Putrid or a Hectick. But usually when some blood gets out of the Veins, it produceth Erysipelas, Bubo, or inward Inflammations, as we shal shew in treating of Synoch accompanied.

To prevent these betimes while the the Fever is so∣litary, especially lest Inflammations should arise which are very dangerous, we study speedily to quench the blood, and keep it from going out of the Veins, and discuss whatsoever is turned into Vapors, and to cor∣rect the greatest accidents, By the things following, observing the constitution whether it be sanguine or cholerick.

Blood-letting is the first thing to cool that Inflam∣mation, and to draw it from falling into noble parts, and causing dangerous Inflammations (Fontanonus therefore saith it must be done quickly, and by so say∣ing, he affirms my Opinion that these Inflammations go not before but follow a Synoch) Therefore in ple∣thorick persons it must be done speedily, if it were o∣mitted the first day expecting an Ephemera, the next, because the Fever remaining concludes it to be a Sy∣noch. And a general Vein opened, and a great quan∣tity taken away, even to swounding in strong pletho∣rick persons, as Galen saith. Or which is safest it must be done often. In cholerick and yong persons it must be used sparingly, if there be danger of Inflammation I fear not to open a Vein in a Child of ten yeers old.

Purging is to no purpose, because it takes away none of the Cause, and only inflames the body. But before blood-letting it is good to loose the Belly, By a Cly∣ster is the quickest way, and it also cooleth. Thus, Take of the four emollient Herbs, each one handful; Let∣tice half a handful, Barly a pugil, boyl them, add Cassia one ounce, or juyce of Beets and Lettice each half an ounce; Honey, Butter, each an ounce; with a little Salt make a Clyster. And this may be given again after bleeding if the body be bound.

Or give two ounces of Syrup of Violets or Roses with water, or simple Diaprunes, or other gentle Electuaries, by which the Cacochymie or evil juyce is diminished. If Nature be accustomed to it, and tend that way, a Vo∣mit may be allowed, especially if the Fever come from a Surfet of Wine, or Eating, or the like. And if Cho∣ler be hot and troublesome in the Stomach it will help much.

We give also things to quench the heat of the blood, or allay it; and to thicken it that it may not get out of the Veins easily, these are actually or potentially cold; and such as keep away putrefaction, which blood in∣flamed is easily turn'd into, to prevent a Putrid Sy∣noch. They are sharp, or four things which do both cool and hinder Putrefaction, and are excellent when Choler is much inflamed. Also they take away the bitterness of the Mouth and Thirst. These are in di∣vers formes.

Drinking of cold water is good to allay the heat of Blood. This done in abundance to satiety, and blood∣letting till they faint, was accounted sufficient for the Cure. But custom and constitution must regulate the quantity of these.

Crude or boyled Water, with Barley, a little Vine∣gar, or Juyce of Pomegranates, Lemmons, or the like, to sharpen it, is good to be given instead of Drink.

Also distilled Waters of Purslane, and Sorrel, with the Decoction of Barley, or the Decoction of Lentiles which is best when an Erysipelas appears to send the matter forth.

Also Juleps of Syrup of Currants, Pomegranats, Lemmons, Sorrel, Citrons or Jujubes, are good mix∣ed with Waters to thicken the blood, as those usual of Roses, Violets, Maidenhair.

If the Belly be bound Thus. Take Syrup or Julep of Violets (the one is made of the Juyce, the other of the Water of Violets) each one ounce and an half; Syrup of Ribes or Currans one ounce, Barley water six ounces, Bugloss and Sorrel water, each two ounces; make a Julep, with a little Cinnamon or Galangal to sweeten it.

If the Belly be too loose. Take the Alexandrine Ju∣lep or Julep of Roses (which by reason of the Rose wa∣ter astringeth, the Syrup loosen) two ounces, the Decocti∣on of Barley four ounces, drink often.

You may give a spoonful or two of the syrups afore∣said.

Put Oyl of Vitriol some drops in Water to make it sharp for a Julep. And the Chymists commend in these fevers the Spirit of Niter, and the Salt called La∣pis Prunella or Crystal Mineral in cold or distilled wa∣ter in a good quantity.

You may give Conserves thus. Take Conserve of Roses one ounce, Conserve of Sorrel and Barberries, each half an ounce; Candied Citron peels half an ounce, with Syrup of Barberries.

Or thus. Take Conserve of Roses, Sorrel, Barberries, (if the Belly be loose) each two drams; Coral one dram, red Sanders half a dram, with Sugar of Roses, make a Conserve.

We alter by external Remedies to the Heart, Liver, and Reins that are cold, by consent of which parts all the body is cooled.

To the Heart with this Epithem. Take Rose water three ounces, Bugloss and Burrage water each two ounces, Vi∣negar of Roses half an ounce, Juyce of sour Apples and Lem∣mons, each two drams; red Sanders a dram.

To the Liver with this. Take Endive and Sorrel wa∣ter, each three ounces; Vinegar of Roses half an ounce, Spike∣nard a scruple, mix them.

We anoynt the Reins with Galens white Cerote or Oyntment of Sanders.

It is good to bath in sweet water in the declining of the fever to refresh and to discuss the Reliques, if after you anoynt with Oyl the whol body or Back∣bone.

Friction or Rubbing is also good in the declining of a fever to dissolve the Vapors raised from the hot blood, if it be gentle with a hot Cloth, and anoynt the body with Oyl of Chamaemel.

Sleep Refresheth, takes away Thirst, and provokes Sweat.

For correcting the accidents, let the Diet be thin and nourishing to sustain strength, as Barley-Cream, Ptisans, Almond milk, boyled fruits, with other Cor∣dials to restore the Patient.

Let Head-ach, Watching, Doting, Thirst, Driness,

of Mouth, Roughness of Tongue be amended as we shewed how. But if the the former things be rightly administred they cease of themselves.

A Continual solitary fever though it hath divers kinds as a Continual Tertian, * 1.86 Quotidian, Quartan, and that called inordinate which is most usual, and a putrid Synoch and Causon, yet because their Cause is the same, that is blood corrupted in the Veins, though the species or kinds are different in respect of the place and blood, we shal speak of the Cure of them altogether because most if not all the Remedies may be applied in part to eve∣ry one.

As for the Prediction, in regard Hippocrates saith the Judgment of acute Diseases, meaning Fevers is uncer∣tain, we must not rashly pronounce Health or Death. But we may declare danger or good hope by obser∣ving signs and accidents, and chiefly the Critical daies, and among them those called Indices or declaring daies, to foretel what will be (from the signs) in those daies following good or bad, from whence as the Ancients did, so can we with wariness pronounce som∣thing, all things diligently considered: for if the Cri∣sis ought to tend to the best, which leads to health, up∣on the directory day good must happen, which is the seventh of the first week, & the fourteenth of the second, and the twentieth not one and twentieth of the third. And after in the same order the twenty seventh, thirty fourth and fortieth. These are indicated by the fourth the eleventh, and seventeenth and the rest, alwaies go∣ing before them three daies, and therfore are called In∣dices. If the Crisis or Judgment ought to be for the worst, which brings Death, the Directory fals upon an e∣vil day, which is the sixth or eighth or tenth or twelfth: that is an uncertain Crisis in which the fever abates not at all, and therefore called Imperfect or doubtful, tending to good or evil at its return. This is often the third, fifth, or ninth day. But the Prognostick signs and accidents by which we judg of the event of fevers are these chiefly that follow.

The Urin is to be observed all the course of the fe∣ver, because the matter is in the Veins, and therfore it is much changed. If it be Saffron-like, or high as Gold, it shews heat, or purging of Choler by Urin. Black shews greater heat and danger, except the melancho∣lick humor sent forth by a critical evacuation cause it. If it be thin, of what color soever, or crude it is worse than thick, if it be perspicuous or to be seen through, whether thin or thick it is good, because it is neer to the natural. Troubled Urin portends no ill, if it come so from the cold Air external, because that which is con∣cocted is usually so. if it be pissed so it is evil, except it be critical or a natural discharge; a sediment in the Urin is good if it stay at the bottom, and together, not dispersed, equal, white, and thickish, especially in a cri∣tical day. That Urin which is otherwise is worse.

The pulse doth declare chiefly the heat and strength, which the oftener and quicker it beats, especially in the Diastole or dilatation shews greater Heat: And as it is small or great declareth the strength. An unequal, intermitting, creeping Pulse signifies no good.

Difficult Breathing small and strained is not good.

Sweat which the Patient liketh, and wetteth the whol body, and is hot, is good. If it stink and come in due time, it is not hurtful. Cold sweat is ill and a forerunner of Death.

Much Pissing is good, and in a good Critical day takes away the Fever.

Bleeding at the Nose and Courses coming unseaso∣nably do not ease, but coming critically cures the fever.

A Loosness, or Diarthaea following, except it help to take away some of the cause, weakneth and is dan∣gerous. And black stools shew malignity.

If the sharpness of the fever be constant and the bo∣dy burning continually, or if it be dayly, or twice or thrice in fevers called inordinate and quotidians, it is dangerous.

Tossing of the body, restlessness, casting off cloaths, and going to the feet, as Hippocrates saith shews the greatness of the fever and loss of strength. If Sleep cause trouble it is an ill sign according to Hippocrates. When the Temples fall, the Nostrils are sharp, the Tongue dry and black, the outward parts cold, they are evil signs. And a sudden consumption of the bo∣dy spoken of in a melting Causon.

Long and often Swounding, Hiccupping, Sighing continuing, Convulsion and Carus, are perverse and deadly accidents.

Though Nature cures continual putrid fevers, * 1.87 which only doth it somtimes, yet by the help of a Phy∣sitian shee doth it better and sooner. If any part of the cause which maketh it, or increaseth it, be evacuated, and the heat altered, and the strength be preserved to the state and crisis: Let us take away symptoms, if they remain, and be violent which is done by divers means.

Things that Evacuate the Cause which produced, nourisheth and increaseth severs, comprehend by blood-letting, evacuation of Humors and Excrements by stool Urin and Sweat.

Bloodletting (except hindered by fear of Swound∣ing and weakness, which appears in a swounding fever by the moving of the Choler in a Diarrhaea) is the the chiefest means to abate the Cause and the Acci∣dent.

It wil take away the cause, to open any apparent Vein in the Arm. This is a principal Remedy, because the Cause lurketh in the Blood, and in the branches of the hollow Vein, from whence the blood is drawn; for with the blood some corruption is taken away, as we may plainly see at the first bleeding, for nature throws some of the cause of the Fever into the great Veins in the skin, which makes them swel where it is most: and perceiving this at the first opening of the Vein. I ever thought it best to open the Vein which swelled rather than another, because they all come in one place from the hollow Vein against the Throat, and the Chirur∣geons may use this observation rather than those of the the signs in Heaven. Also hereby is the Heat abated.

The time for bleeding is the beginning of the fever, to hinder the increase of the Discases, and to take away some of the Cause while there is strength. And if it be neglected at first, it may be done in the increase. But in the state and heigth, which is sometime sooner or la∣ter, we must avoid it lest we hinder the motion of Na∣ture: For as Hippocrates saith, if any thing be to move, let it be moved in the beginning, but when the Disease is at a stand, be quiet.

The quantity of blood must be taken according to the cause and the Disease. As for the Cause, if the blood be foul let it run, if not, stop it sooner. And if the foulness was not seen when it ran forth being hot, as it appears when cold and congealed, at it again if need require, and again if there be no hinderance and the strength permits. In respect of the Disease, measure

the blood also: in a putrid Synoch, or in a simple, which is in a Plethorick body loose much blood, And in a Causon or burning Feaver, by reason of great heat although they condemne it, who suppose it to come from pure choller which we deny. In other Feavers as the heat is more or less, bleed more or less observing the constitution and strength.

The accidents removed by bleeding, are Head-ach and Doting, which are usual in these Feavers, and the vulgar observe most. In which, because the matter is carried to the Head after a general Blood-letting, bleed at the Feet, and scarifie in the extream parts, to make revulsion. And to derive the matter, open the Vein of the Fore-head, especially in a Delirium or under the Tongue, especially when you fear Inflammation in the Neck, Jawes or Tongue: Also Scarification is good in the Neck and Shoulders.

Somtimes we purge the Humors and Excrements to prepare and remove the cause that nourisheth increas∣eth and also produced the Feaver.

The cause may be the retention of Excrements in the Guts and Stomack.

These may two waies hurt, first if they be many the Veins being empty by bleeding, take filth from the Meseraicks which they drew from the Guts. There∣fore before blood-letting we loosen the Belly: Second∣ly, if we will purge humors, and the Excrements of the Belly be not first cleansed, nor the body as Hippo∣crates saith made fluid, the Medicine will be hindered by them and take less of the rest away. And therefore we give Laxatives afore purges. But thirdly and chief∣ly, in regard there are divers putrid and chollerick Ex∣crements in the Belly, if they be long kept, by their stinking vapors they will increase the heat of the Heart or the parts near, which they can reach unto (for as we shew'd they cannot come to the Heart) and so make the Feaver and its Symptoms, especialy thirst and Head-ach greater. Therefore it is good to prevent costiveness all the time of the Disease with giving Lax∣atives: Such as may cleanse and not inflame; tem∣perate and moist and cooling. In these following forms.

Clysters work soonest, and are best, and therefore we give them before bleeding, which must not be delayed. These by moisture wash the Guts, and provoke not, nor inflame, as things given at the Mouth, and they bind not after, as usually they do. And they may be given the whol time of the disease, if there be costive∣ness by reason of heat, when we dare not stir up nature with other things, as in the state of the Dis∣ease.

Make an easie loosning moistning, cleansing cooling Clysters thus: Take Barley and Bran, each a pugil; Mallows, Violets, each two handfuls; Housleek three or four leaves: boyl them, and in a pint dissolve Honey two spoonfuls, Salt butter three spoonfuls, juyce of Beets one ounce: Make a Clyster.

The following is more pricking and cleansing. Take the four Emollients, Blites, Spinach, Beets, Cole, Lettice, each an handful; Marsh-mallow roots one ounce, Pellitory and Mercury, each half an handful; Prunes ten, Linseed half an ounce, Gourd seeds half an ounce bruised: instead of Cold seed, which are usually musty, boyl them and in a pint dissolve red Sugar and Honey, each one ounce; these cleanse and resist corruption, Oyl of Violets three ounces, two yolkes of Egs, Cassia or Diapruns simple one ounce, Tur∣pentine of the larke Tree, dissolved with the yolk of an Egg two drams, this is most pricking, with a little Salt: Make a Clyster.

When you will cool more, as in a Causon: Take the Emollients Lettice, Purslane, Housleek and Endive, each one handful; flowers of Violets, Water-lillies and Barley, each a pugil; Gourd seeds half an ounce, Melon seeds two drams, sweet Prunes ten; boyl them and in a pint dis∣solve red Sugar one ounce, Honey of Violets one ounce and an half. Cassia half an ounce, juyce of Lettice an ounce, with a little Salt make a Clyster.

If the party be flegmatick or old and the Feaver not violent, such as they called a Quotidian continual, then choose more temperate things, and mix gently hot things and more abstergents or clensers: Thus, Take Mallows, Pellitory, Mercury Beets, each one handful; Bar∣ley and Bran a pugil, Raysons and Figs, each twelve pair; Fennel and Carua seed, each one dram and an half; Cordial and Chamomil flowers, each a pugil: boyl them and in a pint dissolve Honey of Roses and red Sugar, each two ounces, juyce of Beets or Mercury one ounce, Oyl of Chamomil and Violets, each an ounce and an half, with a little Salt, make a Clyster.

Suppositories may be instead of Clysters if they can∣not be given, these will provoke nature to thrust out the Excrements: the common is that of Honey and Salt; or that of Figs or yolks of Egs and Salt, or a Sugar Violet comfit for Children.

Things are given to loosen before bleeding and pur∣ging. Thus,

In a Bolus: As, Take Cassia new drawn, pulp of Ta∣marinds, each half an ounce; with Sugar or without it: make a Bolus.

Or: Take Diacatholicon, Diaprunes simple, each three drams; with Sugar: make a Bolus.

In a Potion: Thus, for the Delicate ladies; Take Manna one ounce and an half: give it in Pease broath.

Or: Take Damask Prunes ten, Raysons stoned half an ounce, Dates four, Cordial flowers one pugil, Gourd seeds half an ounce, Melon seeds bruised two drams: make a Decoction, dissolve Cassia, syrup of Roses solutive, each half an ounce: make a potion.

In hot and cholerick persons: Thus, Take syrup of Roses solutive and Violets, each one ounce; Cassia new drawn one ounce; give it.

These may be repeated if the Belly be bound at any time.

Or this which I use: Take Syrup of Roses solutive and of Violets, each three ounces, give it in boyled water like a Ju∣lep for constant drink: abstaine from it, if by rumbling of the Belly, or the like signs, you fear a Flux.

If crude Humors are in the Stomack, use the same gentle Medicines, especially because then there is in∣clination to Vomit, and if Choller, great thirst and bitterness of tast, and nature must be helped to cast out her enemy: by tickling the Throat, or with gentle Vo∣mits which loosen and cleanse and cool.

As this: Take a draught of warm Water, and a little Vinegar.

Or, Take warm Water or fat broath, with syrup of Vi∣negar or Oxymel one ounce and an half, common Oylom ounce.

Although bleeding takes away the filth which is the conjunct cause of a Feaver, the best, yet because that Evacuation may be made from the Veins thereby we may provoke stools, Urin and sweat also.

We use purges to cleanse the Guts and Stomack and also the first Veins which causeth corruption in the o∣ther: for nature by them provoked draws preterna∣tural Excrements from the secretest places to the sink. Therefore after Laxatives and the next after bleeding when the disease is urgent and the matter turgent, and needs no more preparation, we give purges: Som∣times after the Feaver hath been some time, after a

preparative: But we aovid strong purges that are hot, or we qualifie them that they stir not the Body too violently nor enflame. And though practitioners use not divers purging Medicines in intermitting and con∣tinual Feavers, yet because in the well daies when the feaver is absent we may use stronger then in a continual Feaver. And we must alter the purges according to the nature of the Feaver, and moderate them in conti∣nual Feavers.

In a Causon called a burning Feaver, they must not be hot but qualified. As: Take damask Prunes ten, Raisons stoned one ounce, Sebestens twelve, Tamarinds one ounce, Dates four, Cordial flowers, each a pugil: the great Cold seeds, each an ounce, of the lesser Cold seeds, each half a dram: boyl them, add if you please Endive and Lettice water to abate heat, and dissolve Manna (which they say being thus mixed turns not so soon into Choller) Cassia each half an ounce; (this somewhat sharp like Tama∣rinds and therefore excellent) syrup of Violets one ounce, or of Roses and Violets, each half an ounce: make a Potion.

Or thus stronger: Take Cassia newly drawn and Ta∣marinds pulped, each half an ounce; Electuary of juyce of Roses two drams; make a Bolus: or dissolve it in broath or Barley water.

Or: Take Diaprunis and Electuary of the juyce of Roses, each one dram and an half; syrup of Violets one ounce, with Barley or Endive: make a Potion.

After these Scammoniate Medicines, give an ounce and an half, of syrup of Violets with Endive water to quali∣fie them, or after the purging to hinder the increase of heat.

Some deny Rhubarb because of its binding but that is not to be feared, if it be infused.

Take Syrup of Violets one ounce and an half, of Roses solutive one ounce, Rhubarb infused in Endive water and strained half a dram: make a Potion.

Or thus: Take Rhubarb four scruples, Spicknard one scruple, infuse them in Endive water and Whey, dissolve therein Manna one ounce, Cassia six drams, syrup of Violets one ounce: make a Potion.

In a putrid Synoch and a sanguine Constitution use the same. Or this: Take Rhubarb, infused in Endive or Sorrel water four scruples, Citrine Myrohalans, infused in Whey three drams, strain and add syrup of Roses Solu∣tive two ounces, for a draught.

In Tertians and Cholerick bodies take of hot and strong purges for fear of a Diarrhaea, therefore beware of Scammonials and use the aforesaid mentioned in a Causon, which provoke Choler. As take the De∣coction of loosning flowers and fruits, as much as is fit thus made: Take Prunes ten, Tamarinds one ounce; Se∣bestens and Jujubes, each ten; Raisons one ounce, Dates five, flowers of Violets, Bugloss and Borage, each one pugil; Gourd seeds half an ounce: infuse in this Decoction, Rheubarb four scruples, Citrin Myrobalans two drams, Spike one scru∣ple, strain it, and add Cassia half an ounce, Manna six drams: make a Potion.

Or thus: Take syrup of Roses solutive, with the infusion of Rheubarb one ounce and an half, dissolve it with Bugloss or Endive water.

Or: Take syrup Diasereos (which hath many cooling and opening things) one ounce and an half: dissolve it as afore.

Or thus, to provoke Urin also: Take Succory, Grass and Asparagus roots, each two drams: infuse them in sharp Wine: Endive, Burrage and Sorrel, each one handful; Ta∣marinds one ounce, the three Cordial flowers, each one pugil; Senna three drams: make a Decoction, dissolve in the straining syrup of Violets and Roses solutive, of each one ounce.

Or thus: Take Diaprunis Lenitive, and Cassia, each half an ounce; Electuaries of the juyce of Roses two drams, with Sorrel, Bugloss and Violet water: make a Potion.

To Cure quotidians we give things that purge flegm, but in regard these Feavers do weaken much you must purge warily, with the things abovesaid ra∣ther then stronger: Yet in flegmatick Constitutions: Take Agarick one dram, Carthamus seeds skin'd three drams: steep them in Oxymel, Endive, Violet, and Mai∣denhatre water, add Catholicon one ounce: make a Po∣tion.

Or thus: Take Aggregative Pills two scruples, with En∣dive water; make Pills.

In continual quartans, add things against Melan∣cholly: As, Take Rhubarb four seruples, Indy Myroba∣lans two drams, infuse them in Whey, and dissolve that straining with a Decoction of Mercury one handful, Epi∣thymum two drams, Senna three drams, add syrup of sweet Apples one ounce.

Before the state of the disease, or when after an im∣perfect crisis, the Feaver is not gone, you must again purge, diligently observing: first whether nature en∣deavor to evacuate by any other way, as Bleeding, Urin or Sweat, if she doth not before the seventh day, or shew some signs thereof, purge again and open ob∣structions.

Thus: Take Rhuharb four scruples, Myrobalans chebs and Indies, each one dram and an half: infuse them in En∣dive, Wormwood water and a little white Wine, then strain and add syrup Bizantinus, syrup of Roses solutive, of each one ounce, or with the infusion of Senna half an ounce: make a Potion.

Or thus: Take Diaprunis lenitive six drams, Electua∣ry of juyce of Roses two drams, syrup of Roses solutive one ounce, with the Waters abovesaid or the common De∣coction.

Or thus in stronger persons: Take Aggregative and Pills of Rhubarb, each one scruple; Pill Aureae half a scru∣ple, with Violet water: make Pills.

In the Declination of the disease purge often with the same.

In the begnning of the Disease prepare the Humors, after a Lenitive, or in the progress if the Feaver con∣tinue: made with cold things to abate heat, and thin to make humors thick, and that resist putrefaction and that cleanse: adding alwaies openers that the Humors may pass Urin, Sweat or Stools. And these are the better when they suppress heat and are prepared for the Heart and Liver which two parts are most hot. These preparatives are given according to the cause and con∣stitution of the sick.

In a burning Feaver called Causon, which is an acute Disease and grants not long truce, we purge and alter with the coldest things.

In Synochus which is usually in sanguin persons, pre∣pare the Humors thus: Take syrup of Lemons or of the juyce of Citrons, syrup of Vinegar and Violets, each one ounce and an half; water of Sorrel, Endive, Purslane, Bugloss, each two ounces: mix them, give it three daies together.

Or thus: Take syrup of Pomegranats, Lemons and Sor∣rel, each an ounce; of water Lillies half an ounce, Violet wa∣ter, Lilly and Lettice water, each two ounces.

Or thus: Take syrup of juyces of Endive, Plantane and Purslane, each half an ounce; Endive, Plantane and Pur∣slane water, each two ounces; syrup of Currans half an ounce.

In a Tertian, and in Cholerick bodies, the same things are good, because they allay Choler. Or thus, Take syrup of Sorrel, Vinegar and Violets, each an ounce; water of Sorrel, Bugloss and Endive, of each two ounces; drink it two or three daies.

In Quotidians and Phlegmatick bodies and old folk, Take Honey of Roses, Oxymel, syrup Bizantine, each an ounce; waters of Maidenhair, Succory and Grass, each two ounces.

In quartans and Melancholick bodies: Take syrup of Violets, Bugloss, Borrage and Fumitory, of each an ounce; Purslane, Fumitory, Bugloss and Borrage water, each an ounce and an half: make a Julep for three draughts, all these may be mixed with the Pouder of Sanders, or you may give after every draught a Lozenge of Trion∣santalon, or Diarhodon.

Urin must be provoked and sweat, for when the matter is concocted and prepared, nature doth usually send it out those waies, these are done by Aperitives which make thin; but you must observe whether na∣ture moveth by Urin or Sweat most; if they piss more then they drink, or the Urin be thick: or if they Sweat, you must provoke that way most to which na∣ture inclines.

The Divreticks which open and attenuate, must not be not but moderated howsoever with cooling things.

And somtimes purgers may be mixed therewith if the body be bound. It is done by this Decoction: Take roots of Succory and Grass, each an ounce; Liquorish, Fennel and Parsley, each half an ounce; Maidenhair and Endive, each an handful; Polypody roots six drams, Senna half an ounce, Annis seeds a dram, of the great and smal Cold seeds, each half a dram; Cordial flowers a pugil, Par∣sley seeds half a dram: boyl them, dissolve in the Li∣quor the sryup of the opening Roots two ounces, syrup of Ro∣ses one ounce: make a Potion for twice.

Things that only provoke Urin, may be given three or four times, and then the purgers again. If nature provoke Urin, you may leave out the purgers, least you hinder her intention.

The Decoction of Sparagus in broath, provokes Urin, and juyce of Pomegranats.

And this Julep: Take syrup Bizantive, of Endive, each an ounce; water of Endive, Maidenhair, Wormwood, each an ounce.

If you will open more: Take Honey of Roses, Oxymel, syrup of Maidenhair, each seven drams; Water or Decoction of Grass roots, Sparagus, Succory, each an ounce.

Make an Emulsion to provoke Urin thus: Take seeds of Gourds half an ounce, Melon seeds two drams, Cow∣cumber, Pompion, Endive and Purslane seeds, each a dram; beat them, and with Endive water, make an Emulsion with syrup of Sorrel one ounce and an half. The simple Emulsion of the Cold seeds, is also good to take away waterish Humors.

Pills for to provoke Urin, are made thus: Take the troches of Roses, Eupatorium, each half a dram; of Cappars (in Melancholick persons) a scruple, with Smalage water, make Pills: give them every other day, drinking after a little Barley and Fennel water.

Fontanonus gives water of Maidenhair, with Barley and Fennel water only.

If nature incline to sweat, as she doth about the de∣cliuing of the disease, she must be helped by art. The Diureticks aforesaid by opening and making thin do help, and other Drinks and Juleps.

Stilled waters alone, being very thin are usually given as we shewed in a simple Synoch, to which the Chymists add spirits of Vitriol two or three drops, or spirit of Niter or of Salt, which strongly resist putre∣fation.

Anoynting of the Back and other parts, causeth sweat: Thus, Take Oyl of Chamomil and Dill, each half an ounce: Oyl of Violets and sweet Almonds, each an ounce; wet your Hands first in Aqua vitae, and then use it.

Friction is good also to draw the matter outward.

Altering Medicines, are such as cool and moisten the heat of the fever, and resist putrefaction; These strike at the Cause, and mend the symptoms that come from heat, as Head-ach, Watching, Restlesness. There∣fore use Coolers and Moisteners, in all Fevers, especially Violent, when the blood is burnt and putrid. Sharp things are best, for they cool and re∣sist putrefaction also, if you add things that open Ob∣structions. But there you must not cool suddenly as in a simple Synoch, but by degrees, lest Concoction of humors be hindred, which cannot be made with Cool∣ers only, for the corrupt part ought to be concocted. This is done by the means following.

For ordinary drink water is desired and is good to cool, moisten, and allay thirst, it is given Crude, or Boyled, or prepared.

It may be given Crude if the Stomach be not weak; some wil not give it til the humors are prepared. Sometimes there is much given at a Draught, as in a Causon, or Synoch, or Tertian, to quench the great heat, and some by sweating thereupon have been pre∣sently cured. And lest it be overcome by the heat of the stomach and turned into Choler (as they say) they give it often. And Averroes saith that he saved many times by giving four pints before Concoction. And if there be any hurt perceived by it, Vomiting cureth it, and laying hot cloths to the belly.

Boyled Water is better than crude in a weak Sto∣mach, because it is not so windy.

Somtimes it is compounded with things that nou∣rish and resist putrefaction, and make it pierce, or o∣therwise correct it.

Barley is accounted the best of Nourishers and Coo∣lers. Therefore we give Barley-water, which nourish∣eth very little, in a good quantity.

Bread beaten in Water til it be white makes it nou∣rishing.

Salt-peter beaten with the white of an Egg in a Spring-water makes a cooling Drink that resists putre∣faction.

And so doth a little Sugar used the same way.

Almonds made like Milke with Water in a Mortar is usual in Germany: But it nourisheth too much, and must not be given in great quantity, because little nou∣rishment is required, and it is better for Food than a Julep to quench thirst; with cold seeds it makes good Emulsion.

Things that resist Putrefaction are usually sharp and sweet.

Sharp things also cool and are very delightful, Galen puts a little Vinegar in Water, and juyce of Pomegra∣nates. Wine of Pomegranates or the like is also com∣mended.

Also sharp Syrups mixed with Waters as of Vinegar Sorrel, Lemmons, Citrons, Currants, sour Grapes, Pomegranats, Apples and four Plums, and sharp Cher∣ries are good. Things very sharp may be given if there be a Flux as Syrup of Barberries.

The Waters to make the Juleps are of Endive, Let∣tice, Succory, Sorrel, and Roses if you will bind.

Some sweet things resist putrefaction, and Sugar more than Honey, which easily turns into Choler, but because usually they hate sweet things, therefore add Syrups that are sweet and sour. Also the Decoction of Currans is usual and good.

Somtimes we add Correctors of Crudities when they are weak, the heat of which is overcome by the

plenty of the Water. Cinnamon is most usual being sweet either boyled or infused, or Coriander seed boy∣led, or Galangal, red Saunders is good to cozen the Patients when they expect Wine, especially if there be a little Pomegranate Wine to give it a scent,

There are divers Potions and Juleps which alter and correct the distemper of the humor and whol body, to be given all along, mentioned among the Prepata∣tives.

And this Decoction. Take roots of Succory, Aspara∣gus, each an ounce; Endive, Lettice, Purslane, Liverwort, Ducks-meat, each one handful; Bugloss and Burrage flo∣wers, each a pugil; Barley a pugil, Gourd seeds half an ounce, Fleabane seeds (which are very cold) a dram, boyl them, add Sugar and Vinegar, boyl them to a mid∣dle consistence between a Water and a Syrup, give two or three ounees alone or with others.

Or thus. Take Endive, Succory, Sorrel, Liverwort, each a handful: Barley a pugil, make a Decoction, strain them, add Vinegar for the Poor, and Syrups for the Rich.

Or thus. Take syrup of Sorrel two ounces, the Muci∣lage of Fleabane seeds half an ounce, give three spoonfull often.

Sick People refuse solid things to be eaten and had rather have Drinks for their thirst. but for variety, they may take sometimes dried Confections as the Tablets of Trionsantalon or the three Sanders.

Or these. Take pouder of the three Sanders one dram, Diarrhodon one scruple, the Troches of Camphire half a scru∣ple, red Coral half a dram, Conserve of Roses, Violets, Bug∣loss, each half a dram; with Sugar dissolved in Rose or En∣dive water, make Tablets, give them morning and even∣ing and Endive water after them.

Soft Electuaries made of Conserves are given the day after purging to strengthen and correct the heat caused by the medicine, and in the whol course of the fever. Thus made. Take Conserve of Roses, Bugloss, Violets, each half a dram; with Sugar or Rob of Ribes make a Bolus.

This is pleasanter. Take Conserve of Roses and Sor∣rel, each an ounce; of candied Citrons, Lettice stalks, and Gourds, each half an ounce, with Syrup of Ribes make an Electuary, give it often, and thereupon a little Endive, Sorrel or Bugloss water.

Clysters when they are bound, are good to loosen and to bring the humors into the Guts, and for to alter, but because they cannot be given cold, they are not so good as other things to cool the Stomach and whol body, and quench thirst, they are better to loosen than cool. They are mentioned among the Loose∣ners.

This is best to cool. Take Lettice, Purslane, Violets, Mallows, Housleek, each an handful: Barley a pugil and an half, Cordial flowers a pugil, Guoard seeds half an ounce, boyl them, add Oyl of Violets three ounces, Honey of Violets two ounces, Diaprunis or Cassia an ounce, make a Cly∣ster.

Things may be given in the meat to nourish and cool, or for sawce, but the Pacient must rather have them in drink, though the Vulgar love to be cramming them.

Boyl Lettice, Sorrel, Purslane, Burrage, Endive, in Broath, and Spinach or Arrach, or Laxative herbs if need require it is pleasant and good, to take Savory broath, made with Sorrel, Spinach and Arrach and with an Egg and a little sharp Wine, or Vinegar and Water, beaten and boyled a little, pour it upon Sippets of Bread.

Or boyl these forms in Broath. Take Lettice and Sorrel seed, each adram; Melon seed two drams, Trionsan∣talon half a dram, Coral a dram, Diamargariton frigidum a dram and a half. make them as big as Fetches.

Make sawces of Orenges, Lemmons, Cherries, Pomegranats, Ribes, unripe Grapes, Barberries, dried Prunes, a little boyled or stoned, sharp Apples and Lemmons, with Sugar and Rose-water.

Also of the juyce of Sorrel, Vinegar, and Sugar and pickled Purslane, with the juyce of Secalis in the Spring, with crums of bread, Vinegar, Cinnamon, and a little Ginger is good sawce.

Outward things are to be regarded, as Air.

That must be very cold by nature or Art, for it is actually and potentially cooling for the Lungs, which being neer the heart, refresheth it much. It is allowed for breathing but not to be naked in (as the Patients desire in the extremity of heat) lest the sweat be struk in. Besides the body must not be inflamed with too many cloaths, especially Feathers or Furs, and there∣fore it is good to change the Sheets, and Shirts, and Bed, and lay a Leather upon the Pillow. And to keep away the Sun and company, especially at noon to keep out the Air, and not let it in, but when cool. To sprin∣kle the Chamber with Water, and Vinegar, Flowers, and cool herbs, Willow leaves, Vine leaves and Water Lillies.

To the Heart, Liver, and Kidnies, apply coolers, and to the Brain in time of Head-ach, and Doting by reason of heat, and to those parts which consent with the Head, as the Stones. The Heart must be cooled at first in a burning Fever, in others in the increase af∣ter the matter is evacuated, because all the parts are in∣flamed from thence; adding alwaies things that pro∣perly refresh this noble part, and can carry the vertue to it. These are to be applied to the Breast or Wrists in form of Epithems or Oyntments, and to other parts where the Arteries beat, They are thus made.

In a Causon apply an Epithem presently to the Heart, As, Take Rose water two ounces, Violet, Bugloss, and Lettice water, each an ounce; Scabious water half an ounce, Vinegar of Roses or Clove Gilliflowers, half an ounce, juyce of Lemmons or sour Apples two drams, Diamargariton frigidum a dram, mix them for an Epithem, apply it with Scarlet if the heat be great, cold, or otherwise warm.

Another, Take Rose water two ounces, Sorrel, Bugloss, Violet and Water Lilly water, each an ounce; Water of Sca∣bious, Balm, Vinegar, White Wine each half an ouncr; juyce of Lemmons, or Orenges or Apples, two drams, Sanders one dram, Ivory and Harts-horn, each half a dram; red Co∣ral and precious Stones, each two scruples, Pearl half a seru∣ple, Crystal half a dram, Saffron half a scruple. make an Epithem for the Heart and Pulses.

Or bind this Bag to the Wrists and Feet. Take Flo∣wers of red Roses, Violets, Bugloss, each half a dram; pouder of Cloves half a dram, of Saunders and Wood Aloes, each a scruple; Saffron five grains, Diamargariton frigidum half a dram, bind them in two little bags, sprinkle them with Wine, Vinegar and Juyces, and bind them to the Pulses.

An Oyntment for the Heart and Pulses. Take Oyl of Violets and Roses, each an ounce; the Mucilage of Flea∣bane seeds half an ounce, Gallia Moschata a dram, Cam∣phire six grains, Saffron half a scruple, juyce of Lemons two drams, mix them.

Oyntments for the Liver and Epithems to cool it, and strengthen and open it if stopped, for the Liver is hot in Fevers and inflames other parts. Thus, Take Lettice, Water-lilly and Nightshade Water, each one ounce and an half; Rose-water an ounce, Endive and Succory wa∣ter,

each two ounces; Vinegar of Roses an ounce, Camphire six grains: make an Epithem.

Another better against obstructions: Take Endive, Liver-wort and Succory water, each two ounces; Rose water an ounce and an half, Lettice and Housleek water, each an ounce; Wormwood water six drams, pouder of the three San∣ders, Spike and red Rose leaves, each half a dram; Vinegar one ounce, Troches of Camphire half a scruple.

If you add Salt-peter or Lapis Prunellae, these Epi∣thems will cool more and resist putrefation.

Also this Bag: Take flowers of red Roses, Violets and Succory, each a pugil; all the Sanders half a dram, seeds of Sorrel, Endive and Purslane, each a dram; Parsley seed half a dram, Spikenard a scruple, sow them in a red cloth being bruised, steep it in Vinegar, Rose and Endive water, apply it warm to the Liver.

After anoynt with Oyntment of Sanders: or with Oyl of Roses and Violets, with Spike and Wax.

Because the heat of the Reins is great, which inflam∣eth other parts; use Galens cool Oyntment.

Or thus: Take of Galens cool Oyntment two ounces, Oyl of Violets and Roses, each an ounce; Vinegar half an ounce, Camphyre five grains: Mix them, and anoynt.

The Stones have a consent with the Reins and the whol Body, by reason of many Vessels, therefore to cool them, abates Inflammation of the Body.

Thus: Take water of Plantane and water Lillies, each four ounces; Vinegar of Roses an ounce, red Wine an ounce and an half, wet a clout therein and apply it cold.

Cold washings of the outward parts by reason of the consent and the Vessels under the Skin and the Nerves, do the same and cause sleep.

Thus: Take Lettice, Violet, Housleek, Purslane, Vine∣leaves, Willow, each one handful; Poppy heads twelve, or the leaves, if sleep be wanting one handful, Vinegar an ounce, white Wine half a pint, water as much as is suffici∣ent, wash the Hands, Arms, Legs and Feet, with the Decoction, warm at night.

It is good to hold cold things as Stones and Apples in the Hand.

It is good in Feavers to keep up the strength, if they are continual and acute, which we must have an Eye at. For when it fails, the Physitians labors in Vain, be∣cause it is natures work to conquour a Feaver, and if she yeild to the disease, there can be no perfect Crisis, but it is either imperfect or the Patient dieth in the bat∣tel. Strength is preserved, by order in good Air, meat and drink, and the like, and by Medicines.

Air doth much refresh, if it be cool and pure, for then it refresheth and altereth.

Food as it is necessary for sick & sound to restore what is lost, while they live; so it is required here, because the body is dissolved with heat, but because it must be con∣cocted by nature by which means she is hindered from concocting the matter of the Disease, especially if any quantity be taken: Therefore let so much serve as will just sustaine and not put nature to too much trouble to concoct it: Let it be thin as Hippocrates shews in acute diseases, and that little nourisheth, and given at certain times. Or extream thin; or indifferent thin: alwaies observing custome which is another nature.

Hippocrates saith that an extream thin Diet is to be used in the vigor of the disease, this the Patient endures best at that time. And it is the better extream to give too sparing a diet at that time then too much, by which the common people think to strengthen nature to over come the disease.

This is the most sparing which is given, but once a day: or twice when of little nourishment.

As Barley broath twice a day in the state only of the Feaver.

Or a Ptisan which is stronger, this is the cream or juyce of Barley hulled and cleansed. And it is given thinner or thicker, as you please, as you desire it should nourish. This allayes choler also.

And also the juyce of Wheat called Starch, or Rice, well boyled doth easier digest and less swel.

The Germans use Hen or Chicken broath with alte∣rers. And they are good.

Also cream of Almonds or Emulsions is given not as drink but meat.

That slender diet which is fuller a little then this which Hippocrates saith must be at the beginning and continue to the state, must be also used. But when the exacerbation or fit comes, or a little before, the Pati∣ent must not eat, not only to prevent the hindering of natures motion but to keep the heat from increasing which it doth after meat as we shall shew in He∣cticks.

The fuller but sparing Diet: is that which is given oft••er as twice or thrice in a day, and hath more nou∣rishment.

As the beaten flesh of a Chicken well boyled first, and washed with its broath, or stronge broath of the same.

Eggs, because in cholerick persons they quickly cor∣rupt, are not to be given rashly: nor Milk, for the same reason, which Hippocrates proclaimes to be naught in Feavers.

To this Diet belong sops in broath.

Prunes, Apples, Peares, not sharp but fresh or new gathered, or throughly dryed, (for then their juyce is most excellent, and therefore the Germans keep all sorts of fruits so preserved and dryed) or boyl'd in their Liquor or syrup wherein they are kept.

The other are made of Plants and are given for alter∣ation rather then nourishment, as sower fruits.

Wine is beyond all for refreshing, and is not allowed but in the declining of the Feaver, by reason of its heat, especially when they sweat, and also because it causeth Head-ach which is usual in a Feaver. But in the de∣clining it may be given to provoke Urin and refresh, and also a fuller diet, often and of little nourish∣ment.

Sleep refresheth, yet of some it is denied all the time of the Feaver while the heat goes outward, least by sleep it should come inward. But it is in vain to fear it, be∣cause heat by sleep goes outward rather then inward at which time we see men are more hot and sweat, and also because it allayes thirst. Moreover nature makes better concoction in time of sleep, and is active at that time in overcoming the cause of the disease. Never∣theless in the exacerbation or fit of the Feaver it is bet∣ter to abstaine from sleep. And at othertimes to per∣mit it according to age custome, and as they are well or ill after it, that it be not immoderate or unseasonable. And if the patient be long without sleep, to give and apply things to provoke it.

Frictions instead of excercise, in regard they cannot perform more, do stir up the strength, to expel the cause of the disease.

A resolute mind also, not too sad, especially confi∣dence in God and his Minister the Physitian, with hope of safety in this, or the life to come, is a great help to strength.

As for Medicines we have shewed restorers among the alterers, which also hold up the strength: besides which, we have declared many in our treatise of Sow∣ning, and in swoning Feavers.

When the strength is wholly dejected give this julep. Take Rose, Bugloss and Scabious water, each one ounce and an half; Cinnamon water made with Wine (for the heat thereof is not then to be feared) half an ounce, Species Diamargariton frigid half a dram, strain them, and add Manus christi perled one ounce, juyce of Lemons one dram, give a spoonful at a time.

Or thus: Take Confectio Alkermes a dram, (if there be no loosness which will be provoked by the Lapis La∣zuli in it) syrup of Poppies half an ounce, Cinnamon water two drams, with Bugloss water, give it somtimes with a little added.

The external things to be applied to the pulse and Heart, are mentioned in the alterers.

As for the Symptoms, many of them are mentioned in the Cure of the cause and the disease, though some require a peculiar cure, which shall be shewed in the practice, but here we shall shew briefly how we are to proceed.

Head-ach and doting that follows presently after, which are the chief, are amended with the things that are given against the cause and the disease; because they suppress vapors and burning in the Head. Yet when they are strong we open the Vein under the Tongue, and use Scarification, Cupping and Frictions for revul∣sion. And apply to the Head topicks at first to repel, then to asswage pain, and afterwards to discuss as we shewed in the Treatise of Head-ach.

We hinder too much watching or waking with slee∣ping Medicines and Narcoticks in time of necessity mixed with Cordials above mentioned, and coolers to correct them because they would heat alone given, and increase Head-ach. If they sleep too much we take it off with revelling means.

Thirst is quencht with cold drink and sharp, many give candied things which cause it by sweetness; Also it is allayed as we shewed by sleep, restlesness is abated with cold things especially drink, and by changing the place which by continuance in they make hot, and by taking cool Air.

We shall shew hereafter the Cure of the Tongue, Mouth and Jaws inflamed, and the quinsie which is in Feavers also of the dryness and clamminess of the Mouth and blackness of the Tongue.

The pain of the Heart is cured by anoynting of the Stomach; The Swoning, as we shewed afore: The heat of the Hypochondria or sides by things applied to the Liver and Reins as we shewed.

For the shortness of breath we anoynt the breast: in a Diarrhaea or Flux we apply things to the belly and give inward things that bind without heat, as syrup of quin∣ces: when the body is bound we give Laxatives. If a Hectick is suspected from the leanness of the body we apply to the Heart and Breast, Epithems and moistning Oyntments, and give often the mentioned Cordials, and such as shall be explained in the Cure of the He∣ctick.

Intermitting putrid Feavers are Tertians or quartans simple, * 1.88 whereof some have one well day others two: or double which come every other day: and these are either equisite made of a simple Humor, or bastard from mixed Hu∣mors of divers kinds. We make no more kinds of these which others mention are either comprehended under these, or not known; we shall speak of Feavers Compounded of intermitting and continual by them∣selves.

The judgment of all these is more certain then of continual Feavers: for (as I say) tertian are shorter, if exquisite and in Summer or Spring, but longer if bastard and begin in harvest: quartanes are longest that begin in Autum, they continue ordinarily six months, and somtimes but three, and by want of knowledg are kept somtimes a whol year: All double Feavers keep their own nature.

These Feavers of themselves are not deadly, al∣though the exquisite are very sharp, because their cause lycth far from the Heart in the lower belly about the Excrements as we shewed, for whence also it may bet∣ter be purged. Except it be carried into the great Veins and cause a continual Feaver, which is danger∣ous. It hapens also often that if intermitting Feavers last long or come often, that new diseases follow from hurt of the Liver, Spleen, Stomack and Guts, and greater Symptoms, as the Colick, Jaundies, Drop∣sie and the like, by error of the Patient or Physi∣tian.

We shall shew the Cure of all, both Tertian and quartans. Because they are all from the same cause that is choller and in the same place that is the Meseraicks: although some have treated of them in respect of di∣versity of Humors natural and preternatural, making bastard Tertians, from Citrin, yellow Choller which is mixed with thin flegm or from yolk-like Choller, which is mixed with thick flegm, calling both of them Tertians of greater fame, and call the other a Tertian of less fame, which is mixed with Melancholick juyce, and prescribe a particular Cure for that which comes of green Choller like verdigreese. And will have the divers bastard quartans from, not only the burnt dregs of blood, but from Choller and Flegm burnt. And will have quotidians, not only from simple flegm but sweet, sower, salt, glassie, called Epiala and Lipyria, and say they come from that flegm mixed with Melan∣cholly or Choller, and teach a particular Cure for them all: as also of Syncopal or Swouning Feavers as if they were divers kinds. Hence come the many confused treaties of Feavers and the diversity of purges according to the diversity of humors that cause them as they suppose, which if any should follow, they may as soon Cure their patient by leaving the whol work to nature, which often times doth it alone.

Therefore we shal speak of the Cure of all Agues, or intermitting fevers together. First shewing what is to be done, by Evacuations to remove the Cause, and by Al∣terers, and Restorers or Stengtheners, and to be obser∣ved in Diet. And last what is to be done to the Symptoms.

In respect of the Cause we must take it away, or a∣bate it by Evacuations, which we shewed was putrid cholerick blood in the Mesaraick Veins. And if thin be not first taken away, they which go about by other means to hinder the fits and stop their course, and the motion of Nature, by which shee shakes off some of the Cause, as most Empericks and unlearned Physiti∣ans do; bring greater Diseases, as Colick, Jaundies, Cachexy, either with the Fever or after it. Therefore first take away the Cause by Evacuations, by which means the heat of the Disease and the symptoms wil be abated, This is done as followeth.

Taking of blood from the mesaraicks, is the chiefest Remedy (because the Cause is in it) to Cure A∣gues, as opening the branches of the hollow Vein, is to Cure continual Fevers. But none of the Mesaraicks come to the skin to be cut open, as the branches of the hollow Vein do, nor is it safe to make them bleed by corroding Medicines as hath been done by the use of Coloquintida, whereby the blood is sent into the Sto∣mach and Guts, and so forth by Vomit and Stool, for

fear of Dysenteries or Bloody fluxes. Therefore we do it thus.

The Flux of the Haemorrhoids cures not only Quar∣tans but Tertians of all sorts, though of long continu∣ance, when all meanes fail: And it is no marvail, since these Veins are branches of the Mesaraicks, and evacuate, by bleeding, the cause of the Disease. There∣fore if the Haemorrhoids bleed naturally, as in some, they must not be stopped, and if little, they must be pro∣voked. But in Quartans which last long, it is most pro∣per, by reason the blood is thick and best let out this way. especially if nature incline that way by some signs of blood, or itching of the fundament, it must be helped. This is done by beginning with Fomentati∣ons and applying of Leeches, which is the best way of all, or rubbing with Fig leaves or the like, as we she∣wed in the Hemmorrhoids. Some open them by cut∣ting, but this must be warily done, fot fear of a wound in the Fundament, which I have known to cause grie∣vous pain.

If the Courses be stopt in Women, although these come not as the Haemorthoids from the Mesaraicks, but from the branches of the Vena Cava, and so seems to take away none of the Cause of the Fever, yet be∣cause it is natural, and ought to be at a set time, and though the whol body is made foul thereby, they must be provoked. And so the body wil be clensed, and it wil do as much as blood-letting. Especially in regard nature useth to clense her self this way, and it may be there is some passage from the Mesaraicks to it, by rea∣son of their neer joyning. These Veins although by rea∣son of their smalness, they open not wide, yet when they are ful they are stretched as the rest. Therfore provoke the terms if they flow not, or flow disorderly, divers waies, first by opening the Saphena, this wil either pro∣voke the terms or take away the matter, and although a Vein was opened afore for general Evacuation, yet the next day you may open the Saphena by which means the fever either presently ceaseth or more easily remo∣veth with help of other medicines. Also Purges do not only void the Excrements but open the Haemorrhoids and terms as we shal shew.

Somtimes we allow, and somtimes disallow of ope∣ning a Vein in the skin. It is to be omitted in exqui∣site tertians and others which have great heat by reason of the burning Choler which causeth them. Also in flegmatick persons, and aged, and the rest it is not to be done rashly, as the Vulgar do, who make it the chief ••art of the Cure: for it can do no good, because it takes away none of the conjunct cause of the fever. But often being done rashly, the matter is snatcht into the hollow Vein, and of an Ague it becomes a fever, or Continual, of Intermitting. Or the pure blood being sent from the meseraicks to fil up the emptiness of the branches of the hollow Vein, that which remaineth behind being cho∣lerick & putrid, becomes more fierce for want of good blood to temper it. Hence it is that I observed more hurt than good by opening Veins in Agues (except it be when we fear some inflammation of some inter∣nal part. In plethorick and cacochymick bodies we allow it, for these reasons; when the plethory or ful∣ness is great, which is known by the constitution, and red and thick Urin, and when there is heat after a fe∣ver, it may be allowed upon the wel day. Although somtimes in the beginning of a Fit it hindereth it, by repressing the heat and Vapors that ascend, yet it can∣not be good, because the motion of nature is hindered, by which some of the cause of the Disease is taken a∣way. Therefore blood must be let in time of rest or intermission, especially in double fevers, not in the be∣ginning, but in the increase, or state of the Disease, in Tertians, scarce before the third or fourth Fit which u∣seth tobe the greatest, foretelling the greatness of the following fi; lest they think it comes from blood-let∣ting choosing the common broad Vein in the Arm, ra∣ther than the Liver or middle Vein, let the quantity be from five to eight ounces. In quartans 'tis thought good to open the Vein in the left Arm after they have bin a while for they must be gently ordered at the first, lest they turn double or treble, or the strength do fail which ought be kept by reason of the length of the Disease which it usually hath. Or if you open the Vein called Salvatella next to the little finger in the lest hand, they say it is a special cure for a quartan. We allow a Vein to be opened in Cachecticks or bodies of evil habit because the blood in the Mesaraicks is not only impure, either before the fever begins (for im∣pure bodies are easily taken with these Agues) or in the time of the Ague, to take away some of the matter lest the Fever increase, or a new one. And if the blood taken be foul, let it bleed longer and in quartans if it be thick and black blood more, otherwise stop it: and if need require, at it again another time. But lest the the Choler should be more fierce after the blood is taken away, give a little cooling syrup of Lernmons or Violets presently upon it, or a little good Broath.

In Agues or inte••mitting severs, we purge the thick humors by Vomit and Purges, and the thin by Sweat and Urin.

First we give things to purge the Guts and clense them, both in the beginning, and in the progress of the Disease.

And this is done before bleeding and other medi∣cines, that the medicines following may work better, and lest bleeding should draw the excrements into the Veins.

Clysters do it soonest, as those mentioned in continu∣al fevers, but we must alter them according to the Dis∣ease and constitution.

In Tertians and very hot fevers they are thus made. Take roots of Marshmallows one ounce, the four Emollients, each an handful; Barley a pugil, Gourd seeds half an ounce, boyl them, and add to a pint and an half, Cassia half an ounce, Honey of Violets an ounce, Oyl of Violets two ounces, with Salt, make a Clyster.

In quartans. Take of the four Emollients, Mecury and Beets, each a handful; Bugloss roots two ounces, Prunes ten, the four great cold seeds, each two drams; Epithymum two drams, Aniseeds, two drams, boyl and dissolve in them Diacatholicon and red Sugar, each an ounce; Oyl of Violets two ounces, Chamaemel one ounce, with Salt, make a Clyster.

In flegmatick persons, when flegm is much in the Guts, use this to clense more. Take Liquorish two oun∣ces, Mallows and Beets with the roots, Pellitory and Betony each a handful; Barley and Bran each a pugil; Agarick two drams, Figs ten, great cold seeds each two drams; Fennel seed three drams, after boyling, ad Diaphenicon and Hiera Picra, each two drams; red Sugar and Honey of Roses, each an ounce; Oyl of Violets and Chamaemel, each an ounce and an half; with a little Salt, make a Clyster.

Two or three Suppositories given in a day work somtimes better than Clysters.

If at the beginning the Stomach be disturbed with Crudities, Flegm, or Choler, as we may perceive by the Heart-burning which usually accompanieth it, Loathing and Vomiting, before bleeding or when it is not required when we give a diminishing Medicine, or a Vomit.

Diminishing Medicines clense the Guts and Sto∣mach

from Crudities and thick excrements: by these as Hippocrates saith, we make the body fluid. These are given in the day of rest, and are not to be choosen with that curiosity we use in continual fevers when the heat is constant. These are of three sorrs as Clysters are.

In exquisite Tertians when the heat is great. Take Cassia ten drams, pouder of Aniseed or Liquorish a scruple, with Sugar make a Bolus: give it alone or with Endive or Succory water.

Or, Take Cassia and pulp of Tamarinds, each half an ounce, Aniseed and Sugar as abovesaid.

Or, Take Cassia half an ounce, syrup of Roses solutive (or juyce thereof) and syrup of Violets, each an ounce; with Succory and Bugloss water make a Potion.

Or, Take Damask Prunes ten, Tamarinds twelve, boyl them in Broath or Water, strain and drink it.

This is stronger. Take Rhubarb four scruples, Spike∣nard one scruple, infuse them in Endive water, and dissolve Cassia half an ounce, syrup of Roses solutive an ounce, make a Potion.

In long melancholick quartans. Take Cassia one ounce, pouder of Epithymum one dram, with Sugar make a Bolus, or dissolve it with Bugloss water.

Or, Take Epithymum two drams, boyl it in Broath, and add two ounces of Manna.

Or, Take Prunes ten, Dates two, Epithymum two drams Cordial flowers a pugil, dissolve in the strained Liquor boyled, Catholicon six drams, syrup of Peach flowers an ounce, make a Potion.

This is stronger. Take Confection Hameck one dram and an half, Catholicon half an ounce, dissolve it in Bugloss and Fumitory water.

In flegmatick persons give the same or stronger. Take Catholicon half an ounce, Diaphaenicon two drams, with Sugar make a Bolus.

Or, Take Dates five, Prunes ten, Raisons ten pair, Figs four, Liquorish half an ounce, boyl them, and dissolve Diaphaenicon and Diacarthamum, each a dram.

If they wil rather have Pils. Take Pils of Agarick, Rhubarh or Mastich, two scruples.

Or these stronger. Take Aggregative Pils half a dram, with syrup of Roses make Pils.

A Vomit often doth good and is to be reckoned a∣mong these, for it takes away the crudity and flegm of the Stomach, and Choller, also if by the motion of the Feaver it get thither. but if the Body be bound, it must be first loosned, as we shall shew when we declare that the cause may be taken away by the same Medi∣cine, where we shall mention Vomits, we must begin with the weakest.

We must also purge to take away the putrid matter of the Feavers from the Meseraicks. This doth it by degrees, and cureh the Feaver, but first we take away the thick Excrements and then prepar the Humors, if it be at the beginning, but afterwards if the matter be much, it seeks away out of it self and needs no prepara∣tion. And then natures motion must be helped, but if the Feaver abate not, we must come again to prepa∣ratives and purges, three or four times in obstinate Agues.

At the first prepare and purge thus, for preparation is necessary in intermitting and continual Feavers also, because the matter lieth in the Meseraicks, which is foul and needs more preparation and concoction, and we must hinder putrefaction and open the passages, that the matter may come from those Veins into the Guts by Medicines purging, which that they may work better, some anoynt the Hypochondria with Oyl of Chamomil and white Wine. These are divers ac∣cording to the Ague and the constitution.

In acute Tertians to allay heat, expel putrefaction and quench Choler. Take syrup of Sorrel and Vinegar, each six drams, syrup of Endive and Violets, each half an ounce, Endive and Sorrel water each three ounces; make a Julep to take three daies.

Or thus. Take syrup of Citrons or Lemmons an ounce, syrup of Endive and Violets, each half an ounce; Endive and Lettice water each enough; give it thrice.

For the Poor. Take Sugar two ounces, Wine-vinegar half an ounce, Decoction of Barley and Endive a pint and an half, juyce of Ribes or sharp Apples an ounce, boyl them, then give it three or four times.

Or this. Take roots of Succory and Dandelion the whol, each half a handful; Endive, Lettice, Liverwort, Sorrel each a handful; flowers of Bugloss and Violets, each a pugil; of the great cold seed, each a dram; boyl them, and in a pint and a half dissolve syrup of Sorrel and Vinegar, each two ounces; or Pomegranate Wine four ounces, give it at four or five times.

In long Bastard Tertians with obstructions; Take Oxymel simple an ounce, syrups of Endive and Succory, each half an ounce, Water of Maidenhair, Endive, Succory, each an ounce; make a Syrup, repeat it three or four times.

Or, Take Oxymel and syrup of Succory compound, each an ounce; syrup of Maidenhair half an ounce, Endive wa∣ter and of Maidenhair, each two ounces: mix and repeat them as afore.

Or thus. Take roots of Succory, Grass, Asparagus, Plan∣tane, each an ounce; Fennel and Parsley roots, each half an ounce; Endive, Succory, Dandelion, Maidenhair, and Li∣verwort, each a handful; Bettony half a handful, the four cold seeds, each two drams; Endive and Purslane seeds, each a dram; Fennel, Annise, and Parsley seed, each half a dram; Barley a pugil, Prunes six, Cordial flowers, each a pugil; boyl them, and dissolve Oxymel simple three ounces, per∣sume it with Sanders one dram, make a Julep for three or four Doses.

For the Poor. Take Honey, Water and Vinegar to make it sharp.

In quartans prepare thus in the beginning while the heat is great, for by continuance the heat abateth. Take Oxymel simple, syrup Byzantine each one ounce and an half; syrup of Fumitory an ounce, water of Bugloss, Bor∣rage and Hops, each three ounces; give it at thrice.

Or thus. Take syrup of Sorrel, Byzantine, Bugloss, each an ounce and an half, Fumitory, Bugloss, Borrage and En∣dive water, each three ounces.

Or this Decoction. Take roots of Bugloss, Brambles, Sparagus, Succory, steept in Wine, each an ounce; Fennel and Parsley roots each half an ounce; Liquorish six drams, Tamarisk bark half an ounce, both Buglosses, the Capillaries, Germander, Groundpine, Bettony, each a handful; Cordial and Broom flowers, each a pugil; Raisons stoned two ounces, Prunes ten, great cold seeds, each two drams; Dodder, Parsley and Endive seeds, each a dram; red Pease a pugil, boyl them, and add syrup Byzantine two ounces, Oxymel simple three ounces, with a dram of Cinnamon, make an Apozem for three Doses.

Purge whether the humor be concocted or no, if it be much, and give an hour after a washing Medicine, of Barley or other Broath, with Sugar of Roses: and the day after, give a Strengthener.

In exquisite Tertians that are short and fiery, and in double Fevers, use mild things. Take Rhubarb four scruples, Spike six grains, yellow Myrobalans rub'd with Oyl of bitter Almonds two drams, Infuse them in Endive water, but first sprinkle them with Wine, after twelve hours strain them, add syrup of Roses two ounces, syrup of Violets an ounce.

Another. Take Cassia half an ounce, Electuary of the

juyce of Roses two drams, syrup of Roses and Peach flowers each an ounce, with Endive and Violet water: Make a Potion.

The third: Take Barley a pugil, Prunes six, Jujubes and Sebestens, each ten; Tamarinds half an ounce, Cordial flowers a pugil, Senna two drams: boyl them, add Manna an ounce, syrup of Diasereos or Roses, with Rhubarb an ounce. Make a Potion.

In bastard Quartans and Tertians that are of long continuance, and in a flegmatick constitution: Take roots of Succory half an ounce, Liquorish an ounce, Cordial flowers a pugil, Prunes ten, Polypody six drams, Carthamus seeds half an ounce, Annis seeds one dram, Senna three drams: add Rhubarb infused in white Wine and Endive water a dram, syrup of Diasereos an ounce.

Another: Take Rhubarb a dram, Spikenard a scruple, Agarick infused in white Wine and Endive water a dram, with six grains of Ginger infused in Oxymel, strain them, and add Manna two ounces.

The third: Take Catholicon half an ounce, Dia∣phenicon and Electuary of the juyce of Roses, of each two drams; with Bettony and Endive water: make a Potion.

Pills: Take Pills Aggregative a dram, made up with sweet Wine.

A Pouder: Take Rhubarb a dram, Cinnamon half a s••••uple, Turbith two scruples, Ginger a scruple, Senna a dram and an half: give it with Pease broath.

In Quartans give not strong Medicines while the heat is great: Take Rubarb a dram, Indy Myrobalns prepared two drams, Spike, Cinnamon, each six grains; Epi∣thymum two drams, infuse them in Whey, add syrup of Peach flowers an ounce, or that of Apples made by Ronde∣letius, which hath Hellebor, an ounce.

Another: Take stowers of Borage, Bugloss and Violets, each a pugil; Ceterach a handful, tops of Time and Epithy∣mum, each two drams, Liquorish an ounce, Raysons and Se∣bestens, each ten; Annis seeds two drams, Dodder seeds a dram, Polipody six drams, Senna half an ounce, Tamarinds half an ounce, rindes of Indy Myrobalans three drams: boyl them, and add in four ounces, syrup of Peach flowers or of Roses or Senna an ounce, or of sweet Apples.

The third: Take Catholicon half an ounce or six drams, or Diasenna as much, (which is good in quartans) Confe∣ctio hamech two drams and an half, syrup of Bugloss and Fu∣mitory, each an ounce; with Bugloss water: make a Poti∣on.

Vomits albeit they seem to take away only the mat∣ter from the Stomach, yet by natures motion they take the conjunct cause from the Meseraicks, and either a∣bate or take away the Feaver: and if the Feaver be of long continuance, as quartans, and will not be gone by purges, we give three or four Vomits to Cure them. And it is usual by Vomiting abundance of Choller which is not very safe, for the Cholerick matter of the Feaver in the Meseraicks, as it is taken from the Veins of the Guts by purges, so it is taken from the Veins of the Stomach by many and great Vomits.

Therefore Vomits are approved in all kinds of in∣termitting Feavers, especially if there be loathing, custom, or Heart-ach; and when nothing forbids, as binding of the belly; for if that be not open, except the Vomit by violence open it, it will be worse: some disallow them while there is crudity in the Belly as in quotidians, and will not give them before seven or eight daies: And say they are safer after signs of Con∣coction, and when Oxymel of squils or the like are mixed therewith to cut the Flegm, but that is little to the purpose for flegm is not the next cause of a Feaver. We have known quartans more cured by Vomits then any other: whence Avicen called Vomits the root of the Cure of Feavers. The time of vomiting is somtimes the well day. And if they Vomit easily, it must be given upon an empty Stomach, otherwise a ful: And before vomiting give broath of Pease, or Chickens, or fat Bacon (as in France:) Radishes, Cole-worts, Salt∣fish to cleanse and sweet Wine, and after the Vomit ta∣ken they provoke it. Also a Vomit given at first, or in time of the fit and repeated is good and makes the Fea∣ver gentler and shorter, especially if it be given a little a fore the fit, for then the feverish matter being moved is easily expelled.

When the person is weak and the heat little, it is pro∣voked by gentle things, but in long Agues with strong, as quartans, and flegmatick Stomachs, which can in∣dure strongest Medicines. Thus: If the Throat be tickled with the Finger or a Feather or the like it is bet∣ter that will serve alone somtimes when they are accu∣stomed to Vomit after a ful Stomach. And if after the Vomit is taken it worketh not in a quarter of an hour, give a little Chicken broath and tickle the Throat:

The gentle Vomits are these: Take a large draught of Endive water, and put your Finger in your Throat to provoke Vomiting.

Or: Take Oxymel simple an ounce, or an ounce and an half, or two, or three ounces; and drink it with warm water.

Or: Take Oxymel simple two ounces, the Decoction of Honey and Radish seed in water, six ounces.

Or: Three ounces of the distilled water of green Nuts.

Or: Take Chamomil flowers an ounce, Rosemary and Dill flowers, each half an ounce: boyl them in Radish wa∣ter. Rondeletius saith this hath Cured many at the first.

Some approve of the stinking Dock called Lapa∣thum, Atriplex and Purslane, so taken.

Or: Take Atriplex seeds, Dill and Radish seeds, each an ounce: boyl them in water, and if the flegm be tough in the Stomach, add Oxymel simple or of Squils.

These are stronger: Take Rocket, Leek and Radish seed, each half an ounce; Atriplex seed two drams, Asarum roots a dram: boyl them, and dissolve two ounces of Oxy∣mel simple therein.

Rondeletius highly commends the seeds of Asarum and the roots, and Broom seeds with Cinnamon and Mace, boyled in Wine, according to Dioscorides.

Or: Take roots of Palma christi one dram and an half, give it with Sack, in Poudar.

Take Asarum with the roots half an ounce: boyl them to drink, or give a dram, or half a dram in Wine, or the like. I prepare them thus, I slice and clense the roots and steep them two or three daies in Sack, and dry them in the shade, and keep the Pouder. The Dose is half a dram, or a dram, to the strongest.

Or: Take Phaseoli a pugil, of Dill, Atriplex and Ra∣dish seeds, each three drams; dryed Calamints a dram and an half: boyl them, and to four ounces add Oxymel simple or of Squils, if flegm be tough.

Many have been cured by Stibium and other strong Vomits, as white Hellebour: and then they Vomit abundance of flegm, with yellow and green Choller: and there is a great Evacuation from the Meseraicks by nature most stirred up. But because this is dangerous they must not be given rashly to any as Empericks do.

We repeat purges differing according to Feavers oftentimes.

If after purging, an exquisite Tertian double and Acute cease not, it is sufficient afterwards tokeep the

Belly open with a Clyster, and to invite nature to send out the humor from the Meseraicks, for which the Cly∣ster above mentioned must be often given or a stron∣ger.

Or this, every other or third day. Take Barley, Pease, each a pugil; Mallows, Violets, Beets, Atriplex, each a hand∣ful; Chamomil stowers a pugil, Annis seeds a dram: make a Decoction, dissolve Honey of Violets, red Sugar, each an ounce and an half; Oyl of Violets three ounces, with the yolk of an Egg and a little Salt: make a Clyster.

If the Feaver cease not give a gentle purging Clyster as broath made of Orach, Violets, Spinage, Mal∣lows, or a Potion of Rheubarb or Cassia as above∣said.

In bastard Feavers especially long lasting, you must purge a fresh and prepare first, with those above men∣tioned used discrnetly and altered if need be,

These Medicines that prepare the way and matter and evacuate are commended, if they are somtimes used and then a stronger given: In divers Formes.

As this Apozem: Take roots of Succory, Asparagus, Grass, each an ounce and an half; Dock and Sorrel roots, each an ounce; Parsley and Fennel roots, each half an ounce; Liquorish six drams, Endive, Succory, round Sorrel, Mai∣denhair, Bugloss, each a handful; Bettony, Burnet, each half a handful; four great Cold-seeds, each two drams; An∣nis seed a dram and an half, Fennel seeds a dram, Cordial flowers a gugil, Chamomil flowers half a pugil, Prunes and Sebestens, each ten; Tamarinds six drams, Carthamus brui∣sed an ounce and an half: Steep the roots in sharp Wine and then boyl them all in water, and while the strained Liquor is hot Agarick half an ounce: boyl a little, ad∣ding yellow Myrobalans and Rhubarh, each half an ounce; with a dram of Cinnamon, a scruple of Spike, and three drams of syrup of Roses Laxative, give it every other day a good draught, and according as it works give more or less the next time.

You may boyl the half of it with Sugar, to make it last. And use somtimes the Apozem, and somtimes the syrup, or give it being all a syrup alone or with convenient liquor, or Barley or Pease broath.

While this Syrup is preparing, you may give syrup Diasereos, or of Roses solutive, with Rhubarb.

An infusion in Wine is good because many delight in Wormwood Wine, and Wormwood doth better allay the stink of Senna then anything, and amends the hurt that purges do to the Stomach, and the Wine being opening, helps it by piercing, and the heat can do no hurt being but a little.

Opening Wine is thus made: Take Succory roots an ounce and an half, Grass roots an ounce, Parsley and Fennel roots half an ounce; Orris roots two drams, Wormwood three drams, Germander, Ground-pine, Maiden hair, of each two drams; Sorrel, Liver-wort, Maudlin, each two draws; Cor∣dial flowers, each a dram; Annis seeds a dram, Parsley seed half a dram, Senna one ounce and an half, Rhubarb three drams, Spike half a dram, Agarick four drams, Ginger bound in a cloute with the Spike a scruple: pour upon them all of strong Wine, dashed with a little water, and of Endive water five pints (because some part will be drunk up by the ingredients. Let them infuse a night, and boyl in the morning, and cool by degrees, use it as the Apo∣zem. Before mentioned, after three or four daies heat it again, to keep it from corrupting.

You may make Electuaries for the same thus: Take Cassia new drawn two ounces, Tamarinds pulped with Endive water an ounce and half, Manna an ounce, Catholicon, Dia∣prunis and Lenitive Electuary half an ounce; Rhubarb infu∣sed in white Wine til it be soft two drams, Spike a scruple, Senna a dram and an half, (first sprinkled with Wine) Cinnamon and Annis seed, each half a dram, with syrup of the five roots and Succory with Rhubarb: make an Electuary, take first half an ounce to try and then increase the Dose by degrees, give it every other day alone or with Li∣quor as he pleaseth.

These are the usual Pills: Take Agarick two drams, Turbith a dram, Ginger a scruple, Rhubarb three drams, Spike half a scruple, Diagredium prepared with juyce of Roses a scruple, extract of Wormwood a dram, with syrup of Roses, make a Mass, take half a dram in the morning fasting every other or third day, drinking after a little syrup of Violets with Endive water.

If the Feaver abate not with these, use stronger as this Potion: Take Liquorish an ounce, Raysons an ounce and an half, Prunes six, Tamarinds six drams, tops of Time a dram, Polypody, Senna, each half an ounce; Cartha∣mus seeds six drams, Annis and Fennel seed, each a dram: boyl them, infuse Rhubarb four scruples, Spike half a scruple, Agarick a dram and an half: strain and dissolve Diaphaenicon a dram and an half.

Or: Take Electuary of juyce of Roses, Diaphaenicon, Confectio hamech, each a dram and an half; syrup of Roses, made with the infusion of Senna an ounce, with Wormwood Wine and Endive water: make a Potion.

Or these Pills: Take Aggregative, of Myrobalans and sine Quibus, each a scruple: make nine Pills, with white Wine.

In long Quartans you may somtimes rest a month and then prepare and purge again. The humor being Cholerick and thick, blood is thus prepared: Take syrup of Fumitory and Epithymum, each an ounce; syrup of Violets and of Endive, each half an ounce: waters of Fumi∣tory, Bugloss and Endive, each an ounce and an half: add yellow Sanders, and drink it five or six daies.

In Spring when Herbs may be had, or Autumn: Thus, Take of both Buglosses, Hops, Fumitory, each a hand∣ful; beat them with two ounces of Vinegar: strain and add the juyce of sweet Apples a pint, with Sugar, drink it of∣ten.

Afterwards purge as formerly. Or thus: Take Da∣mask prunes ten, Raysons, Jusubes, Sebestens, each twelve; Cordial flowers a pugil, Annis seed a dram: boyl them in wa∣ter and white Wine, add yellow and Indy Myrobalans rubbed with Oyl of sweet Almonds, each three drams; Rhubarb a dram, Spike six grains, Senna half an ounce, Epithimum and tops of Time, each a dram and an half; strain and add syrup of Roses solutive an ounce and an half; Catholican half an ounce, Confectio hamech a dram: make a Poti∣on.

Or with these Pills: Take Pills Aggregative, of My∣robalans and Turbith in Pouder, each a scruple: make Pills with five grains of Ginger and white Wine.

To prepare and purge together, make this Apozem, Take Sparagus and grass roots, each an ounce and an half; Smallage and Parsley roots, each an onnce; Tamarisk and Elder, of each an ounce: steep all in Wine, add Borage, Bugloss, Maidenhair, Ceterach, each an handful; Germander, Ground pine and Bettony, each half an handful; green Mer∣cury a handful, Cordial, Rosemary and Broom flowers, each a pugil; Annis and Parsley seeds, each two drams: Dodder and Fennel seed, each a dram; four great Coole seeds, each two drams; Raysons two ounces, Prunes ten: boyl, strain, and infuse Carthamus seeds an ounce and an half, roots of Poly∣pody four ounces, Senna two ounces, Agarick three drams, Myrobalans, Indy and Citron, each half an ounce; Epithy∣mum and tops of Time, each three drams; infuse them hot, then boyl them a little, add a quart of the juyce of sweet Apples with Sugar and Cianamon two drams: make a sy∣rup, give an ounce, or more alone, or with Whey or Bugloss or Borrage water.

You may infuse the same in Wine, allaying it a little with Water, and adding Wormwood, for bitter Wine is more pleasant than bitter Decoctions.

A gentler Infusion is made of dry things thus. Take Grass, Succory, Parsley and Fennel roots, each an ounce; Wormwood, Germander, Groundpine and Bettony, each a dram; Fumitory and Hearts-tongue, each two drams: Cor∣dial flowers a pugil, Epithymum and tops of Thyme, each two drams; Anise and Fennel seed each half a dram; dryed Po∣lypody roots and Senna, each two ounces; Agarick three drams; Ginger half a scruple, infuse them in Wine and Water, and boyl as formerly. It needs no sweetning, for the scent of the Wormwood must prevail.

An Electuary thus. Take Catholicon an ounce, Dia∣senna, Confectio Hameck, each half an ounce; Carthamus seeds peel'd and bruised six drams, Turbith two drams, Gin∣ger infused in Oxymel a scruple, Senna two drams and an half, Aniseed half a dram, with syrup of Epythimum make an Electuary, give six drams alone or in Whey.

Or these Pils. Take Indy and Citrine Myrobolans rubbed with Oyl of sweet Almods, each a dram; Rhu∣barb two drams, Turbith a dram and an half, Thyme and Epithymum each a dram; Senna a dram and an half, Cream of Tartar a scruple, Ginger and Spike, each six grains, with syrup of Epithymum make a Mass, give two scruples or more as you see fit.

In quartans Pils of Agarick with Juyce of Eupatori∣um are good.

And after the use of them they must be purged again every third day.

Also Clysters may be given all along to draw from the Mesaraicks, and to loosen: for by long lying, and heat, and fasting, the belly is often bound: We shew∣ed you Clysters of sharp and opening things.

In melancholick fevers use this often. Take emol∣lients each a handful; Balm, Fumitory, both Buglos∣ses, each a handful and an half; Chamaemel, Melilot, Broom, and Elder flowers, each a pugil; Carua seeds a dram, Faenugreek and Line seed, each two ounces; Bran a pugil and an half, Senna an ounce, boyl them, and add Honey of Violets and Rosemary flowers, each half an ounce; Consectio Hamec and Benedicta Laxativa, each two drams; Oyl of Chamaemel and Violets, each an ounce an half; with a little Salt, make a Cly∣ster.

This Clyster is for Bastard fevers, and flegmatick persons. Take Lilly and Marshmallow roots, each an ounce and an half; emollient herbs, Atriplex, Mercury, Baulm, Bettony, each a handful; Figs six pair, Dill and Fennel seeds, each a dram; Carthamus seeds bruised six drams, Senna ten drams, Chamaemel, Elder and Rosemary flowers, each a pugil; boyl them and to a pint, ad Catholi∣con and Diaphaenicon, each two drams; Hiera Galeni three drams, Honey and red Sugar, each an ounce; Oyl of Violets Lillies and Chamaemel, each an ounce: with a little Salt, make a Clyster.

Fasting belongs to Evacuations, for by it the humor is kept from increasing, and that which is in the Mese∣raicks is taken away by the Guts and Stomach, and so the fever is cured. Thessalus cured fevers with his three daies fast, and Empericks in our time labour to do the same. But in regard the Choler rageth by fasting con∣stantly, and hurts the parts that draw it to them, especi∣ally when it fasteneth to them producing the Colick, as I shewed, and brings worse Diseases, we wil not rashly presribe fasting against fevers, by which means Sweat and Urin wil be hindered.

The thin humors pass away by sweat, or insensible transpiration or Urin, and cure the fever if the thick matter was first purged. This Nature doth ordinarily of her self, when shee is fit for it. And therefore the Physitian being her servant ought to imitate her when signs of Concoction appear, in the declining of the fe∣ver, to take away the remainder, with Purgers, by U∣rin, Sweat, and insensible transpiration, aforemen∣tioned.

We mix things to purge Urin with Preparatives with an Eye to the fever, and somtime we use them af∣ter purging in the declining.

In short and sharp Tertians we use the gentlest, that least inslame, as Melon seeds and red Pease, and Pars∣ley roots in broath.

Or Decoction of yong Sparagus in Ale, or an Emul∣sion of the cold seeds with Almond Milk.

Pomegranate Wine of the moderate tast provokes Urin.

In Bastard tertians and long feve•• use these, and stronger as Chicken broath, with Parsley, Fennel roots, Borage, and Pease, and the like mentioned in the Diet.

Or thus. Take red Pease a pugil, Barley half a pugil, Liquorish an ounce, Raisons an ounce and an half; Fennel and Parsley roots, each two ounces; Melon and Gourd seeds each two drams; boyl them in lean Chickin broath, drink it in the mornings.

Or thus. Take Barley water a pint, with Fennel roots boyled in it, and add syrup of Maidenhair two ounces.

Make it stronger thus, if the heat of the Fever be not great. Take roots of Brambles, Sparagus, each an ounce: Fennel, Smallage, and Parsley roots, each half an ounce; Asarum roots a dram, Endive, Liverwort and Maidenhair, each half a handful; Hysop a handful, Fennel seed two drams, the four cold great seeds, each three drams; Pease a pugil, boyl and add Sugar or Honey and Vinegar for old Folk.

This Decoction is admired of some. Take tops of Wormwood two drams, red Pease six drams, boyl and give four ounces after the back is anoynted as shal be shew∣ed.

The Decoction of Dill with Rue, Honey-wine or Hysop do the same.

Water of Gentian, Centory, Wormwood, or of Grass, Asparagus, Smallage, Parsley, Lovage, Valerian, may be used instead of the others.

These Pils provoke Urin. Take troches of Worm∣wood, Roses, and Eupatory, each a dram; with Gentian wa∣ter make Pills, give a dram every day, drinking after it the Decoction of red Pease, Melon seeds and Parsley roots.

White thin Wine with water is prescribed for some in the declining time.

Or this Infusion. Take Fennel and Sparagus roots, each an ounce; Wormwood and Hysop, each a dram and an half; Chamaemel and Dill flowers, each a dram; Fennel seed a dram, infuse them in Wine and Water boyled or otherwise.

In long Quartans you may give the former and stron∣ger, if the heat be decreased. As, Take Liquorish, Raisons, each an ounce; Parsley roots an ounce and an half, Asarum roots a dram, Maidenhair, Cetarach, Hysop, each half a handful; Hops a pugil, Sparagus seeds three drams, Fennel seed a dram, Melon seed two drams, red Pease a pugil, Cha∣maemel flowers a dram and an half, boyl them in six pints of Water, add Pomegranate Wine four ounces, and drink it mornings with Sugar.

Wine and Water is good against quartans.

And this Infusion. Take the three capillary herbs, each a handful; Hysop half a handful, Chamaemel flowers half a pugil, Fennel and Smallage roots, each an ounce; Asarum roots two drams, Fennel seeds a dram, Dodder seed a dram and an half, infuse them in Wine, give it as afore.

Some give this distilled water every morning two or three ounces for an excellent medicine. Take strong Vinegar three pints, hot crusts of new bread a pound, Gun∣powder two ounces, distil them in Balneo.

Or. Take Balm water half a pint, Aqua vitae a pint, the pith of Dwarf-elder half a pound, distil them, and give two ounces every morning and evening.

Also these Pils. Take Troches of Wormwood, Eupato∣ry, Rhubarb, each a dram; with syrup Bizantine make Pils, take them as formerly with Pease broath in which Roots are boyled.

Sweating is good if the critical Excretion tend that way, for it helpeth Nature in the declining time to ex∣pel the residue. It is done by these following, and the gentlest, if they cause not sweat, cause transpira∣tion.

Frictions are good before the Fit two hours, and in the beginning of it when the heat begins to disperse the vapors and heat, and if violent they cause heat.

If Sweat be wiped off often it causeth more sweat.

And boyled Water with Wine and alone in great quantity causeth Sweat. Therefore they who deny Drink to fevers and almost Kil men with thirst, do ill, for it hinders Sweat, and inflames the body, causing a Hectick.

Bugloss water taken in great quantity, causeth much sweat, and is excellent in quartans. And also Fu∣mitory, Scabious, Carduus, and Hearts-tongue Wa∣ter.

This following Decoction provokes Sweat and U∣rine. Take of Barley a pugil, roots of Smallage, Pars∣ley, Kneeholm, Sparagus, Nettles each an ounce; Or∣ris and Elicampane roots each half an ounce; Bayber∣ries twelve, Chamaemel and Dil flowers, each a pugil; Pennyroyal, Calamints, each half a handful, Cummin, Anise, Fennel, and Citron seeds, each a dram; boyl them in much Water, drink it often.

Treacle is given for the same, and the like, which we shal declare among things that hinder Fits.

Also anoynting the back with loosning Oyls doth the same, and other things there to be mentioned.

A Bath is good in long fevers, to provoke Sweat, and refresh, and moisten, of sweet water; in which Barley and moistning herbs are somtimes boyled. This must be used on the wel day, or five hours before the fit, not too hot. And after let the Patient take a dram of Mithridate or Diaboraginatum and sweat in his bed. Thus many have been cured of quartanes.

Altering things resist the heat and driness of the Dis∣ease, and are cold & moist, and must be mixed with Re∣sisters of putrefaction, things that open obstructions, and strengthen, because these differ not much, we shal distinguish them by Forms and not by Kinds of Fevers.

The best way is to give them in drink for they are refreshed thereby and delight in it.

In the fit because they are then driest, give crude or boyled water as we shewed, or Barley water, but in the fit Barley is too nourishing, therefore give little. that water is best, in which Sorrel and Grass roots are boyled, with steel prepared and Cinnamon, nor must they be kept from drink after the shaking Fit, for as Fernelius and Joubert us in his Paradoxes assirms that if the Patient be not relieved with Drink in his great heat and thirst, there wil follow a melting of the solid parts, and wil they not sweat. In this also there is a moderati∣on to be used, lest sudden cooling hurts the bowels, and cause a Dropsie, as in quartans its usual, this is to be re∣garded when the stomack is offended with cold drink, for then we give not much but corrected and qualified water, with an Eye to custom.

Out of the fit if the body be little cholerick, and not very hot; we give Wine with Water or Bugloss water in quartans and thin, sharp Wine in Bastard Fevers which rather cools than inflames. And it provokes Urin and strengthens. Therefore some boyl Hysop, and by Galens command Pepper or Cloves. Others give Ale to provoke Urin.

Out of the fit, and in the fit, we give these cool and moistening Drinks following. Take Endive, Sorrel, and Bugloss water, each four ounces; Pomegranate Wine two ounces, with Sugar make a Julep, or sharp Syrup, as of sour Apples, Ribes, Currans, Sorrel or Vinegar.

Or, Take one measure of boyled water, syrup of Lemmons or Citrons, two ounces, syrup of Violets an ounce.

Or, Take Sassaphras three drams, red Sanders and Sortel roots, each two drams; Cinnamon a dram, (with Sugar two ounces, if you wil have it sweet) cut and bruise them, tie them in a clout, boyl them in water, to be gi∣ven at any time.

Or this syrup. Take ten pints of Water, Vinegar four ounces, Sugar four ounces, boyl and drink.

The Alexandrine Julep of Sugar and Rose-water, and others metioned in Thirst, the juyce of Purslane is commended by Dioscorides.

There are also divers Electuaries.

Give this the day after purging to strengthen. Take Conserve of Roses and Violets, each a dram; Trion∣santalon half a scruple, with Sugar make a Bolus.

In bastard quartans. Take Conserve of Borage flo∣wers and Bugloss roots, each a dram; Citron peels candied half a dram, Diamargariton frigidum half a scruple.

Or give a dram of Treacle with half a dram of Con∣serve of Bugloss.

In the Fit give we Electuaries to quench Thirst which must not be sweet. These are to alter.

Take Conserve of Roses and Bugloss each an ounce; of candied Citrons pulp and peel, each two drams; Rob of Ribes half an ounce, species Diamargariton half a dram, with Sugar of Roses make a Mixture.

Or this, Take Conserve of Roses, Rob of Ribes, sharp Cherries and sharp Prunes preserved, each an ounce; Conserve of Bugloss half an ounce, give it in time of Thirst.

To alter and strengthen all the time of the disease Take species of the three Sanders with a double quanti∣ty of Rhubarb a dram, Diarrhodon Abatis a scruple' Diamargariton frigidum half a scruple, Conserve of Rose and Bugloss roots, each a dram, with Sugar dis∣solved in Rose and Endive water, and a little Vinegar: if the heat be great, make Lozenges to be eaten on the well daies.

Sugar of Roses by it self or with other things, is much commended, and that called Manus Christi, and Trionsantalon, and Diacorallium.

In quartans for Melancholly. Take species of Dia∣rhodon, Trionsantalon, each half a dram; Diamos∣chu half a scruple, Laetificans Galeni half a scruple, with Sugar dissolved in Rose or Bugloss water, make Lozen∣ges.

Soft Electuaries. Take Conserves of Cordial flow∣ers, each an ounce; Conserve of Hearts-tongue, May∣denhair and Ceterach, each half an ounce; candied Citron peels two drams, species of Diarrhodon, Dia∣tragacanth frigid, and Diamargariton frigid, each a scruple; with the syrup of Citrons.

Or thus. Take Diabuglossati and Diaboraginati, each an ounce; Letitiae Almasoris two drams, species

de Gemis, Aromatici Rosati, each half an ounce, with syrup of Apples.

Or for Melancholy: Take the four Cordial con∣serves, each an ounce; Species Cordial for meat, frag∣ments of precious, Stones and Pearls, each half a scrn∣ple; Gold leaves with syrup of Currans and Cherries or Sower Apples: make an Electuary.

Cooling Pills: Take Troches of Camphire two scruples, with Vinegar: make Pills, give half a scru∣ple.

Mollifying Clysters all the time of the Disease do alter.

And also moist Dyet.

Moist flesh, as of young beasts, Veal, Pigs, Kids, Chickens boyled, also brook Fish, seasoned with Pep∣per. In quartans rare Egs are good, but in Cholierck sto∣machs, they soon corrupt.

Grapes are very refreshing, also Peaches and Pip∣pins.

Give bread fopt in broath, and Cream of Bar∣ley.

Make broath with Lettice, Borrage, (and Bugloss in quartans) with Endive and Sorrel, such as we prescribed for continual putrid Feavers, and give Bugloss water in broaths.

Make sawce of sower Grapes and Vinegar, Capers and Olives well washt from the Salt and our Com∣pound called in High-dutch Sumpist.

Also Confections of sower fruits, and the same crude (except there be other things that hinder) or dryed and softned again are good.

Sallats also of Lettice and Vinegar and a little Oyl and Succory roots boyled and eaten with Oyl and Vi∣negar.

Let the Air be cool by nature or art.

Apply Epithems to cool the Liver. Thus: Take wa∣ter of Succory and Endive, each four ounces; Worm∣wood water two ounces, yellow Sanders and Roses, each a scruple, Spike half a scruple, Vinegar of Roses half an ounce.

Then anoynt with the Cerot of Sanders, Oyl of Violets washed with cold water, each an ounce; Spike half a scruple.

For the Heart, this is a good Epithem: Take Rose∣water two ounces, Borage and Bugloss water, each an ounce; Balm water half an ounce, Vinegar of Roses six drams, Cordial species or Diamargariton a dram, Saffron a scruple.

Then anoynt the Heart and Pulses with this: Take Treacle two drams, Oyntment of water Lillies a dram, juyce of Lemons half a dram, Saffron and Camphire each five grains: make a Liniment.

If the Reins be hot: Take the mucilage of Flea bane seeds, made with Rose water an ounce, Sanders two drams, Camphire half a scruple, Oyl of Roses and Violets, each an ounce; with Virgins Wax, make an Oyntment.

A moist Bath of moystning things is good in quartans to alter, and is best out of the fit, if the Ague hath been long. Albeit the vulgar people fear to moisten in in∣termitting Feavers, and if they walk but near a River they fear a ••elapse; And therefore by old Wives super∣stition forbid any that are recovered to cross over a Bridge, or go by Sea, or in a Boat, or walk upon new broken up or tilled ground, wheras that moisting of the body in long Feavers, when the heat a little abateth, is good especially if there be a Consumption.

There must be a good course of Diet in respect of food, Air, Sleep, and excercise, to keep up strength, if the Feaver be sharp, least he fall, or to hold him up, if it be long.

The Air must be pure and free and somtimes perfu∣med.

Meat and Drink must be thin in the beginning of all intermitting Feavers. In which Avicen teaches that hunger and thirst endured the first week conduceth much to the Cure.

And if they be long and Chronical as bastard Agues and quartans, and they live sparing the first three weeks, they are easily Cured. Afterwards a fuller Diet is allowed, and when the choller grows hotter in Ter∣tians and quartans, and they cannot endure fasting.

In the fit we give no food least nature should be hin∣dered in concocting the matter of the Disease, and least the food should be corrupted with preternatural heat and the Feaver increased, for we see that after meat it doth as in Hecticks. And then we deny nourish∣ing drink, if but of Barley in any quantity, and Al∣mond Milk, especially when thick. But if the pati∣ent be cholerick and thin bodied, least choller should be enraged or an Hectick follow, we allow even in the fit, a little food, as to Children in respect of cu∣stom.

Out of the fit Cholerick persons may eat in the declining of the Feaver, and before it cometh two or three hours; But in long Agues, as quartans, it is good to fast the whol day wherein they have their fit, and let food be given six or seven hours before the fit, or so long time before as a Concoction may be before it come. And this is to be observed in double Feavers that come every day, alwaies choosing that time of rest which is farthest from the fit, and feeding presently af∣ter the fit, because the Disease returnes soon. And let it be easie of Digestion, as we shewed in altering things and continual Feavers.

Wine is good in quartans and other bastard Agues, because it refresheth: but give it out of the fit at meat and not immoderately, and if thirst be great, give it with boyled water, white thin and new Wine is best especially in cholerick persons: old wine inflames; you may give red Wine if it be clear and dasht with wa∣ter.

Sleep refresheth, in the declining of the fit, as wa∣king hurts: and sleeping is hurtful in the beginning of the fit.

In quartans moderate excercise is good.

Passions of minde if sad and immoderte hurt, and pleasant and moderate do good.

We have shewed what Medicines are fit to preserve and restore strength, in the alterers.

The Symptoms abate and depart with the disease: and if any of them be extraordinary, the Cure thereof shall be regarded; either by respecting all the accidents together, by hindering the fit: or by respe∣cting that in perticular: of which hereafter.

The Paroxysme or fit is when all the accidents from heat and cold appear; and departt with the fit: which fit and accidents, if hindered there is a Cure in part that is of the Symptome, not of the cause, but of the evapo∣ration or motion that inflames the Heart. Things that take away chilness which is the first fit, do this; and then though heat follow the vulgar suppose the Ague to be cured or abated. And somtimes it comes to pass that when shaking, by which means the feaverish mat∣ter passeth through the Body, is hindered, then both the hot and cold fit are prevented, and the whol feaver is taken away by giving that which prevents shaking. But this cannot be done safely before the matter be prepar'd and purged; for if the cause remain, though the Feaver cease, worse Symptoms may follow: As Empericks find, who ayming at nothing more but the Cure of the

fit, bring Cholicks, Jaundies and Dropsies. And som∣times we do willingly according to reason take away eth fit before the cause, if it be so great that it destroy∣the strength, or at least abate it with extraordinary Me∣dicines, yet so, that we go on still Methodically to take away the cause. And it somtimes hapens, that af∣ter the cause is removed there are fits which come from custom or habit: to prevent these at the first when they stretch and yawn, we give things against shaking which we mentioned, when we spake of depraved Motion. Those things do it, either by taking away the matter which getting by degrees into the body, causeth the shaking: or by stupifying the sences, or by heating the body suddenly at first, before the fit comes. All these are to be done warily, and not before preparati∣on and purgation, and then you may give either a spe∣cifical evacuation, or stupefactive or an alterer or a Me∣dicine made of all these together.

It comes to pass often, that by large eating before the fit, that nature removes from the cause of the disease to the Concoction of meat and hinders the fit. Hence the German Proverb Sie haben das feber abgessen.

The same thing is done by evacuations when nature is busie to send Excrements upwards and down∣wards.

The fit is hindered by vomiting in the beginning of the fit, because by it a revulsion is made of the matter from the Meseraicks to the stomach, and the Feaver is quite taken away, somtimes by throwing out the cause by the Stomach and Guts.

Gentle purges prevent the fit, the same way (but strong purges are dangerous to be given before it, be∣cause they will work in the time of the fit and weaken) as Agarick, Senna, with some alterers. These are the best compositions that follow. A Decoction: Take Epithimum and Time, Polypody and Senna, each a dram; Borage flowers a pugil: boyl and strain, and give a draught afore the fit, with a little Wine. This is best in a quartan.

Or a Pouder: Take Senna three drams, Turbith a dram, Pepper a scruple, Ginger half a scruple, Cinnamon, Myrrh, each half a dram; with Sugar as much as all: make a Pouder for three Doses, give one in white Wine a∣fore the fit.

Helidaeus gives a dram of Agarick with juyce of Fu∣mitory and Fennel.

Others mix a dram of Diagredium with three oun∣ces of Syrup of Violets, and give as much as a Ches∣nut an houre afore the fit.

Some give strong bodies the Pouder of Mercury, with strong Vinegar, Treacle and Sugar. And the Chymists instead thereof give Mercurius dulcis, or Mercurius vitae, or Panchymagogum Rubrum.

Stupefiers are given afore the fit because they take a∣way the sense of the parts, and provoke sweat.

As Treacle a dram and an half, or more or less in Wine is highly commended; or in wormwood Wine, Carduus, Mints or Rose water, some add Diatrion∣piperion, that of the three Peppers, others Mirth as Dioscorides.

Also Panchrestum Nicolai with Wine, or Methri∣date.

Dioscorides commends three or four leaves of Hen∣bane, with a dram of the seed thereof given in Sack at the beginning of the fit. If you repeat it twice or thrice it is a sure remedy. Also syrup of Poppies given afore the fit prevents it.

Also divers alterers do the same, inwardly and out∣wardly, and motion of the Body.

Inwardly we give both hot and cold Medicines.

Hot because they presently inflame the body and drive away shaking, and then the heat which useth to follow the motion of the cold fit either goes away or is abated. And hot things do it by dispersing the matter especially when it is thin. And they cause sweat. But vehement hot Medicines are not to be given before a Concoction of the matter, least the thin be consumed and the thick remain; and of a simple Feaver, there prove a double, or treble Ague, or a continual Feaver. This must be observed in giving of Treacle and other hot things, and Stupefiers above mentioned. Of hot things these by experience are found best. Take Gin∣ger half an ounce, Pepper a dram, Nut shels two drams: boyl them in two pints of astringent Wine, and to five ounces strained, add an ounce of syrup of Violets, give it two or three hours afore the fit and cover him to sweat.

Or: Take Gentian roots an ounce, Centaury tops and Serpyllum, of each three drams; boyl them in Wine, and give a draught as abovesaid.

Or thus: Take juyce of Calamints three drams or an ounce and an half of the syrup, give it with Wine and Bo∣rage water.

Or this: Take Gentian, Centaury and Plantane water, each an ounce and an half; drink it with a drop of Oyl of Vitrial, or some drops of spirit of Salt or Niter.

Or: Take Plantane a handful, Sorrel half a handful, Vinegar and Treacle, each four ounces; Distil them, give three ounces of the water half an hour afore the fit.

Or give three ounces of the juyce Plantane with an ounce of the juyce of Purslane half an hour afore the fit.

Or this Pouder commended in all Feavers though Pestilential: Take Sugar candy three drams, Ginger two drams, Camphire a dram; make a Pouder, give a dram in hot water. This Crato commends.

Another: Take the Pouder of Cray-fish, Mans skul and Ivory, each a scruple; Cinnamon half a dram, Saffron a scruple, give a dram in Wine.

A third: Take Myrrh a scruple, Pepper six grains, Ginger half a scruple, Sugar three drams, give a dram, or make Pills, with juyce of Gentian.

An Electuary: Take the Troches Rubiae of Nicolas a dram: give it with white Wine: or the Electuary of Asa, in Mesue, Trionphyllon Nicolai. Electuary of Peter Arnold of Villanova.

Or: Take Cinnamon two drams, Pepper a dram, Saf∣fron half a dram, Myrrh, Storax, Serapine, each half a dram; Benzoin three drams, Gentian roots two drams with Honey: make an Electuary, give half a dram or two scru∣ples, two hours afore the fit.

Coolers do it somtimes and stop the fit, but they are better external, because they must be very cool, which will suddenly hurt the Heart, given inwardly.

Cold water, drunk largely in the fit cures many: Hence the Proverb Das feber abtrincken.

Two ounces of Pomegranate wine given in the fit, removes it, if you anoynt the Pulses with the Oynt∣ments following.

A famous Physitian gives the Crystal mineral in a great quantity in Spring, Plantane or Sorrel water in the fit.

Somtimes, External things do it, as excercise, Applications, Injections, Amulets and Superstitious things.

Excercise doth it by heating the body and provo∣king sweat before the fit. As Running, Riding, &c. Instead of excercise in weak bodies, you may rub them and cover them warm with cloths, or use Oyntments before the cold fit.

Also Applications to the Wrists, Temples and An∣kles are used. They are such as either divert or revel the matter from the Heart, and are sharp: or such as alter the distmper of the Heart, so that it will not easi∣ly be enflamed by the vapor, and defend it, being sharp and temperate and cooling somtimes, mixed with piercing things to reach the Heart.

A burning, blistering Medicine is made thus: Take leaves of Crow foot or Dove foot bruised with Salt and Vineger, or the leaves of Thlapsus bruised with Salt and Vinegar, or of Shepheards purse, of Dentilaria Rondeletij, Rue, Savine, Marigold, Angelica, Nettles.

As thus: Take Elder leaves, Rue, Marigold and Net∣tles, each a handful; bruise them, with Salt and Vinegar, or apply Garlick and Onyons bruised, to the Wrists.

The more cool are: Take Plantan and Sowthistle, of each a handful; bruise them, and with a little Soot of a Chimney, Salt and Vinegar, apply it.

Or this, which makes a black spot and a little cor∣rodeth: Take the inward bark of the Hazel Tree, steep them in Vinegar, and apply it. I have used this often with good success.

Also bread steept in Vinegar and applyed to the Pul∣ses.

This Remedy is approved by many: Take a little Oyntment of Poplar tree, and mix it with clean Cobwebs: make great Pills, apply two to the Arms, two to the Feet, and two to the Temples, with a Vine leave be∣fore the fit: Repeating them after, if they Cure not at first.

Anoynt the Pulses, Back and Body,

The Pulses, Thus: Take juyce of Rue, Boys piss, each equal parts, wash the Pulses before the fit.

Or: Take Oyl of Chamomil and boyl Spiders there∣in anoynt the Pulses and Back-bone, or Oyl of Toads.

For the Back to prevent shaking: Take Oyl of Cha∣momil three ounces, Oyl of Bays one ounce, Oyl of Castor half an ounce, Spiders and Earth worms, each ten; Aqua vitae two ounces: boyl them till the Aqua vitae be con∣sumed and anoynt.

Mathiolus saith that anoynting from Head to Foot with Oyl in which the balls made of Anthemis flowers are dissolved, cureth Agues.

Some commend the Fume of Cats dung.

Others give Anthemis in Clysters.

There are divers Amulets, these are accounted of many the most infalible, a Spider hang'd about the Neck in a Nut shel. Mouse-ear gathered in the de∣crease of the Moon tied in a knot of cloth about the Neck, or to cary the Snail stone, Jasper stone, or to hold a Mole in your Hand, in the time of the fit til it die.

We will omit superstitious Characters and Charms as trifles.

And although we have shewed the Cure of Symp∣toms, yet we shall here speak of them as they are in the time of the Feaver.

If watchings and Head-ach by reason of Vapors do offend, we hinder the vapors from rising and provoke sleep. If sleep be too much we look to that.

We use things mentioned among the alterers against thirst and dryness of Tongue by heat and Va∣pors.

Evacuations restore Aperite, and when the disease declineth, we study to hinder it least they eate too much.

In Swounding Feavers we look first to the Symp∣tom, and if it come from choller in the Mouth of the Stomach, the sharpness thereof must be allayed. And then we give strengtheners.

If there be pain in the Stomach from yolky or Leek-like Choler, or from Wind with rumbling, or from too much drink, they must be cured with things that a∣bate sharpness, strengthen, and discuss Winds.

A Loosness often comes from Choler, which must be cured, as we shewed in pain of the stomach, by Clysters, as that of Barley water, and red Sugar two ounces.

There is somtimes a Colick with the Ague, by reason of Choler in the Guts, and somtimes after, when the cause is not removed, and it is cured as I shewed in the Colick. They say it comes from Glassey flegm in the fever Leypira, but we have shewed that a fever cannot come from this most cold humor.

There is often also Cachexy or ill-habit, Dropsie, hardness of the Hypochondria, Oedaeamatous tumors in the Legs, in long fevers by reason of the hurt of the internal bowels, the cure of which is in their places.

In the declining there is a Leanness from Atrophy, or want of nourishment, or from the beginning of an Hectick after a double and acute fevers.

In a quartan often, there is a Tumor behind the Ears.

And sometimes Worms are voided; to which we shal prescribe particular Medicines.

A continual putrid malignant so∣litary Fever, * 1.89 which is often epide∣mical, or simply malignant, called by Rondoletius symptomatical, is cured as a putrid fever that is not malignant, and also a semi-tertian which some account malignant.

As for the predictions, they must be made by the same signs shewed in Putrid Continual fevers. These signs being doubtful in putrid nor malignant, and their Judgment uncertain, are more uncertain here where there is malignity, which so insinuateth it self into the heart, that when signs of concoction appears, the Pati∣ent dies of a sudden, unexpectedly. Morover, Nature doth not keep her critical motions so orderly as in fe∣vers not malignant, being more oppressed: And there∣fore we must be more wary here of pronouncing our Judgment of Life or Death from signs, among which the spots like Flea-bitings, or black, foretel Death.

The Cure of malignant fevers is done, as in other simply putrid. And we take away stil some of the Cause, which is putrid and malignant, and we alter the heat with things that cool and resist putrefaction, and hold up the strength, and prevent other acci∣dents.

We Evacuate both blood and Humors, as follow∣eth.

We prescribe bleeding by Lancet, or Scarification, as in continual putrid, with respect to the strength.

We purge other Humors, as in other putrid fevers, with things added to resist malignity, such as we shew∣ed in malignant fevers, that send out Small-Pox and Meazles.

We also provoke Urin and Sweat, as in others.

We also use Alterers, adding to Coolers, resisters of Corruption, and Cordials, as sharp things, and exter∣nal applications.

We keep up the strength by Diet and Cordials, and more in these malignant than in other fevers, therefore allow a little sharp Wine somtimes to refesh.

We correct accidents as formerly shewed.

The Pestilent Fever, or the Plague being a contagi∣ous Disease proceeding from an external venemous quality, passing from body to body, by the touch, or by the Air. We shal shew how to preserve the sound, and cure the sick.

Preservation is made by declining the external Cause, * 1.90 or correcting it, or preparing the body to prevent In∣fection. albeit the seeds of the Plague are hidden and pierce into the body unknown to us.

We decline the Cause, by avoiding the place where the Plague is, as sar as our calling, piety, and honesty wil permit, and the Garments and cloaths infected, the Houses and Streets, and in regard we know not where it is, many carrying the seeds of it with them, that are not infected, we avoid the concourse of peo∣ple in publique meetings, Bathes, and Dancing-meet∣ings. And because infection may be conveighed by dead and living creatures, it is good to go quickly far off, and return at leasure.

We amend the pestilent cause to keep it from infecti∣on, or to remove it, by Ayring and washing of coaths infected; some wil wash their money at such a time, before they receive it.

Others that think the infection of the Air is the cause of the Plague, amend that, which we approve, though we say the seeds of the Plague are in the bodies and not in the Air: for some things that purifie the Air purifie the Body, and the Air is often the conveigher of the Plague from one body to another. This is done di∣versly, first we remove all putrid and corrupt things that may infect the Air. Some perswade themselves, that the scent of and old Goat evening and morning, prevents the Plague. And therefore they bring up Goats in the stable among Horses, who use to have a kind of Plague, and the stink of the Goats frights away Mice also from those places.

It is good to let in pure Air that is dry, and keep out ill. They say Sparrows and other Birds kept in a Chamber, purge the Air, and that Birds will not stay about infected places. Also good fire purges the Air by which Hippocrates stopt it.

Also Fumes of any scents correct the Air, as Juni∣per, Savine that beareth berries, or Bayes, Rosemary, or Agnus Castus. Or make fires of Oak, Vine, Osi∣ers, with Rue and Juniper.

Some burn Juniper berries upon Coals, Mastich, Frankincense, Amber, Cloves.

Or these troches. Take Benzoin and Storax, each half an ounce; Juniper or Berry-bearing Savin a dram, Angeli∣ca roots a scruple, with Gum-traganth infused in Rose-wa∣ter and a little Musk, make Troches for a fume.

Or these Candles which smaok. Take Myrrh and Frankincense, each two drams; Benzoin, Storax, each three drams; Labdanum a dram and an half, Amber half a dram, Juniper berries two drams, dried Pomegranate peels a dram, Citron peels and Sanders, each half a dram; Juniper a dram, Wood Aloes and Cloves, each a scruple; Char-coals made of Willow or Tile tree as much again as all the rest, with Infusion of Gum traganth and six grains of Musk make black Candles.

Perfumes not burnt are thus made. Smel to Rue, Citrons, Lemons, Orenges, or a spunge or rag dipt in Vinegar and Rose or Rue water.

Or thus. Take bruised Rue a pugil, and with Vinegar take out the juyce, add Angelica roots half a dram, Cam∣phire and Saffron, each half a scruple; with a Spunge as be∣fore.

Or this Balsom, to anoynt the Nostrils or Lip, made of Oyl of the seeds or roots of Angelica drawn with with Wax.

It is good to carry sweet Apples or Balls in the hand. Take roots of Angelica and Myrrhis, each two drams; Ze∣doary half a dram, red Roses a dram, Lavender half a dram, Angelica, Nigella, and Coriander seeds, each a scruple; seeds of Basil half a scruple, dried Citron peels two scruples, Nut∣meg and Cloves, each half a dram; Cinnamon, Wood Aloes, Juniper and Storax, each half an ounce; Benzoin two drams, Myrrh a dram, Camphire six grains, with the Infusion of Gum traganth made in Rose or Angelica water, make a Ball, and add a little Oyl of Cloves or of Angelica seed, and roul it over with a little muskefied piece of Silk or Cot∣ton.

It is good to wash the Face, Hands, Armholes, Pri∣vities, with Vinegar of Roses, or Rose-angelica, or Lavender water, with a little Camphire, or the water of Citrangle flow∣ers called Aqua Naffe.

Droetus drops perfumed distilled waters into the Ears And perfumes the Garments, and adviseth perfumed Gloves or Bags in the bosome, of Ciprus and Violets in Pouder.

Or thus. Take roots of Angelica half an ounce, Orris roots two drams, Coriander seeds, Juniper, each a dram; Benzoin and Storax, each two drams; with Musk or Am∣ber if you please, make a Pouder.

We preserve the body by keeping the humors from violent motion and inflammation, and by avoiding repletion and impurity, with Antidotes.

Let men take heed of inflammations at the time of the Plague, which wil soon receive a Fever or malig∣nity.

Let them take heed of too hot Air, as Baths by which many have been infected.

And of violent motion by Running, Leaping, or Dauncing, and of violent passions as Anger, Joy, &c.

And of hot meats and Wines immoderately taken, but let them be corrected with cold sharp things.

It is naught to stir the humors, for then they are soo∣ner infected by external causes. And Fear causeth the Infection to seize upon men sooner than when the mind is quiet. Also Venery is denied by reason of the imagination. Also much unseasonable bleed∣ing.

All Repletion is forbidden, for though every body is capable of the Plague, yet plethorick and cacochy∣mical are soonest infected: Therefore keep the body clean, and clense it if it be foul.

Thus Blood-letting is good in men, if the body be plethorick, though it must not be done rashly in young men who are subject to the Plague most, lest the hu∣mors be disturbed.

If ill humors abound, give a Clyster every other day.

In Cacochymicks purge, but trouble not the humors too much, but use gentle things, accustomed in Spring and Fall after preparation of the humors abounding, adding things that resist the Plague and putresaction.

Pils are best that have Aloes called pestilential Pils of Ruffus the Author of them. They are thus made right. Take Aloes, Ammoniacum, Myrrh, equal parts, with sweet Wine make Pills.

Since, they make them thus. Take Aloes a dram, Myrrh and Saffron each half a dram: with Wine or for hot natures with syrup of Lemmons make Pills, to which you may add divers Antidotes.

As these that are good to open obstructions in the Meseraicks. Take Extract of Gentian a dram, the lesser Centory and Carduus, each half a dram; Rue, Wormwood, each a scruple; Pouder of lesser Centaury four scruples; Tro∣ches of Myrrh a dram and an half, Troches of Eupatory and Capars, each a dram; Troches of Wormwood half a dram, with Elixir of propriety make a Mass, give a dram twice in a week.

These Purge more: Take Aloes two drams, Rhubarb,

Myrrh, each a dram; Zedoary, Saffron, each a scruple; with juyce of Citrons, or Limons: make a Mass for Pills.

Or: Take Aloes three drams, Rhubarb in pouder and sprinkled with Cinnamon water one dram and an half, Aga∣rick in Troches a dram, of the best Myrrh and Gum Am∣moniack, dissolved in Vinegar, each two drams; Saffron half a dram, Camphire a scruple, Oyl of the roots of Master∣wort two drops, with Vinegar: make Pills.

These may be used twice or thrice in a Week half a dram or a scruple, made into two Pills, the one at night and the other in the morning, they may be given to Children, if they can swallow them.

These are stronger that follow to be given in foul bodies and seldomer: Take the former mass, with Aga∣rick or Rhubarb, add Aggregative pills a dram, Diagri∣dium a scruple, with syrup of Roses: make Pills.

The Antients gave Pills of Turpentine instead of Ruffi, And we give Rosin of the Larch tree, which purgeth very wel: Thus, Take Turpentine Rosin, or Laricea boyled, that it may be poudered, Rhubarb sprinkled with Cinnamon water, each two drams; Turbith a dram, Ginger half a scruple, with pouder of Liquorish, make a Mass, give a dram or more, as you desire to Purge.

A dram of Turpentine, dissolved with the yolk of an Egg and Carduus water purgeth well.

Divers Potions also may be made for the same: As, Take Triphera Persica (commended by Mesue) from half an ounce to six drams, with Scabious, Carduus and Sorrel water, mix it, and give the same every fifth day.

You may give infants Manna in broath or Rhubarb, thus, Take the extract of Rhubarb, with juyce of Roses and Sugar and Sorrel water, make Lozenges. Droetus makes candied Rhubarb for Children.

There are many Antidotes mixt with Rhubarb and Triphera.

In very foul bodies give stronge purgers of Diagri∣dium, Coloquintida, roots of wild Cucumber, Arme∣nian Earth, Stibium.

As this pouder: Take the Troches of Alhandal, Dia∣grydium, Turbith, each a dram; Euphorbium a scruple, Mastick half a dram, Saffron a scruple, Snake weed roots, and Burnet, each half a scruple, make a Pouder, take half a dram, in convenient Liquor.

Or this Electuary: Take wild Cucumber roots, Smal∣lage, Coriander and Housleek with Honey and Pepper: make an Electuary, give as much as a smal Nut. This is highly commended of Honoratus Castellanus for pre∣venting and curing the Plague.

As the true nature of venom of the plague is yet un∣found, so is the true Antidote, but experience hath found out more then reason. Therefore we give that which is good against poyson in general: The chief and approved shall be set down. Either as they are eaten, chewed or applied to the pulses or Heart, or used as Amulets.

Of Antidotes taken in, they are either very hot, or less hot, or cold, rather then temperate, given with re∣gard to the constitution and Age, and the hottest are not to be given rashly as Euphorbium and Aqua vitae which prooves water of death somtimes to young peo∣ple: some are given in a liquid form to drink, as this Decoction. Take roots of Tormentil and Burnet, each an ounce; roots of Valerian half an ounce, roots of Elicampane and Angelica, of each two drams; of Galega leaves called Goats Rue, and Sanguisorba, each a handful: boyl them in Wine and Water, add a little Vinegar and Saf∣fron.

Or this infusion in Wine, to take away ill tast. Take roots of Tormentil, Dittany, Endive, Burnet, each an ounce and half, Valerian, Masterwort and Angelica roots, each an ounce, Snake weed and Gentian roots each half an ounce; leavs of Carduus and Cortander seeds each a dram, Cinnamon three drams, slice and infuse them in sour Wine or white Wine and Vinegar, drink every morning often here∣of.

Sheeps Milk drunk fasting, is an Antidote commen∣ded.

Presbyter Vesantinus Ydeleyus, that often attended in Plague times, in his book of the Plague, highly com∣mends the drinking of a mans own Piss, in a morning fasting; and instead thereof the Chymists have a Bal∣some of Urin more pleasant.

In Sawces and Sallats use sowre Herbs and Juyces, as Vinegar, Citron juyce, Ribes, green Grapes, Pea∣ches, Cherries, Prunes, Apples.

Also the juyce of Clove-gelli-flowers, or Vinegar thereof juyce of Goats Rue, with Treacle, according to Mathiolus, juyce of Vervain, with Wine or Broath, and juyce of Onyons, are given divers waies.

It is good to have things by, that will last in time of Plague, at hand.

As Inspissate juyces, called Rob by the Arabians, or extracts by us, as of Carduus, Vervain, also the ex∣tract of Juniper is good and usual, Infants may take it, it is so pleasant.

And Syrups with Sugar, thus. Take Vervain, Scabi∣ous, Goats Rue, each a handful; Juniper berries a pugil: boyl them in water and a little Vinegar and with Sugar, make a Syrup.

Also Conserves, or Preserves, or dryed and can∣died with Sugar, Honey, Vinegar and Salt may be kept.

As Zedoary sliced and eaten in the morning or drunk with Wine.

Or CLoves steep'd in Vinegar.

Citrons or Oranges candied,

Or Vervain eaten in the morning.

Roots of Tormentil with Harts-horn and Vinegar or candied with Sugar, and Burnet.

Also Sorrel, Bugloss, Borage and roots of Moulin are so prepared.

Also roots of Butter-bur, steep'd in Vinegar, and roots of Myrrhis and Juniper berries steeped in Vine∣gar.

Or thus mixed: Take Rue, Sage, Plantane, Bay-ber∣ries, stamp them with Vinegar, eat a spoonful every morning with a little Bole Armenick.

The Antidote of Nuts is thus made, for the whol Family. Take Nut kernels, Rue leaves and juniper-ber∣ries, stamp them with Vinegar.

Another commended made by Apolonius, or by Mi∣thridates: Take four ounces of Nut kernels, three ounces of Figs, dried Rue two drams, with Vinegar and Salt, o•• Ho∣ney, if they have sweet things mix them.

A greater Composition thus. Add to the former, Tormentil and Burnet, each half an ounce; Bole Ammonick prepared six drams, Saffron a scruple, with Vinegar, Salt and Honey. You may add also some of the following Pouders, and Mirrh.

We make divers confections of pouders and all the rest into Lozenges for Antidotes. These are either tem∣perate or more pleasant, or unpleasant, bitter and stupi∣fying.

The temperate confections are for Infants, Women with Child and dainty Persons, they move not the body, and hurt not by long use.

As Diamargariton frigid, the cordial Electuary of

Nuts and Angelica Confection of Hyacinth made by Falcon against the plague. Also Bezoatrick pouders. The Chymist extol the specifical Elixir pestilentiall of Crollius, also the Gold spirit of Life made with Cam∣phire. Thus made: Take of the best spirit of Wine a pint, Camphire eight drams, if chosen in Summer, ten in Win∣ter dissolve it in the spirit of Wiue, and hang in it after Saffron half a scruple, give a spoonful every mor∣ning.

This confection is also good against Worms: Take of Bole Armenick prepared, with juyce of Lemons two drams, shaving of Harts horn half a dram, Citron seeds peel'd a scru∣ple, Tormentil roots a dram, Diamargariton frigid half a dram, Sugar dissolved in Sorrel and Purslane water, make Lozenges, or with Syrup or Honey an Electuary.

Another Composition: Take Citron and Sorrel seeds, each a dram, Basil seed a scruple, Tormentil roots a dram and an half, Angelica roots half a dram, Bole prepared two drams, Coral half a dram, Pearl a scruple, shavings of Ivory a scruple, Smaragds and Hyacinths, each half a scruple; Cin∣mon a dram, all the Sanders half a dram, Sugar six drams: make a Pouder, or dissolve the Sugar, and make Lo∣zenges, or an Electuary.

I made in the year 1593. in the Plague time a stron∣ger Pouder, thus: Take Bole prepared half an ounce, Coral two drams, Amber a dram and an half, Ivory and Hearts horn, each half a dram; Tormentil roots a dram and an half; roots of Dittany, Carline, Burnet, Angelica, Ma∣ster-wort, Myrrhis, each a dram; of round Birth-wort, Ze∣doary, Limon peels, Cloves, each half a dram, Cinnamon two drams, Sorrel seeds a dram, Carduus, Angelica, Bazil and Coriander seeds, each half a dram; Citron seeds a scru∣ple, Saffron half a scruple, red Roses, Vervain, Rue, Scor∣dium, Carduus, each half a dram; Goats Rue a dram, Species Diamargariton frigid a dram, make a Pouder, give a dram with an ounce of Sugar, in any form. If you add of Camphire to these pouders, about a dram, they will be stronger, but not so fit for Women with Child and Children.

Musk and Amber-greece are Cordials and perfume the rest.

For Infants these simples troches: Take roots of An∣gelica half a dram, Bole prepared with juyce of Lemons half an ounce with Musk, Sugar and the infusion of Gum-Traganth: make Troches.

A Compound Pouder with Musk. Take roots of Angelica, Myrrhis, Master-wort, each two drams; roots of Tormentil, Burnet, Dittany, Scorzonera, Vincetoxicon, Cross wort, Devils bit, Elecampane, Zedoary, Galangal, each a dram, roots of Birth-wort, Gentian, Cukowpints, or Dra∣gons, each half a dram, all the Sanders a dram, Cinnamon two drams, wood Aloes half a dram, Carduus, Scordium, Balm, Sage, each a dram; Rue half a dram, Scabious, Ver∣vaine, Sorrel, Lysimachia, Cordial flowers, each a dram; seeds of Sorrel; Fennel, Carduus, Coriander, each a dram; Citron and Basil seeds, each half a dram; Juniper and Bay∣berries, each two drams; Nutmeg and Mace, each half a dram; Amber three drams, Ivory and Harts horne, of each a dram, Unicornes horn a scruple, precious Stones a dram, Bezoard stone, Pearl, each a scruple; Bole prepared half an ounce, Coral half a dram, Musk and Amber-greece, of each half a scruple, Camphire (but it overcomes the sent of the Musk) a scruple, make a Pouder, and to a dram put an ounce of Sugar, and give it in any form.

These are unpleasant but profitable, made of Mirth, Alloes and Castor, and best in Pills.

This following pouder is called the King of Spaines. Take Myrrh, Mastick, Bole, sealed Earth, wood Aloes, Cloves, Mace, Saffron, each equal parts: make a Pouder take it every morning.

Another: Take Sorrel seeds two drams, Citron seeds a scruple, Tormentil roots a dram and an half, Bole prepared three drams, Aloes washt, Myrrh, red Coral, each a dram; dryed Citron peels Cloves and Cinnamon, each half a dram; Saffron half a scruple, species of Diamargariton frigid and Trionsantalon, each half a dram; make a Pouder.

Castor is somtimes added to great Compositions and in a smal quantity by reason of the scent.

Antidotes made of Opium are to be taken in smal quantity.

As Treacle, Methridate, and Mathiolus his great An∣tidote.

Also the Electuary of the Egg, thus, better made to prevent burning of it. Take the yolk of a hard Egg, add as much Saffron in weight, beat them together, adding the pouder of Tormentil and Dittany roots, of each half an ounce; Angelica roots an ounce, roots of Vincetoxicum or Swal∣low-wort, Devils bit, Zedoary, each two drams; Rocket seed a dram, Mirrh a scruple, with Treacle and Mithridate, make a Mass, give a dram with Water, Wine, and Vine∣gar.

In the year 1582. this was our Electuary which was very successful. Take roots of Angelica, Master-wort, of each two drams; of Tormental, Carline, Swallow-wort, Burnet, Devils bit, Valerian, each a dram; Zedoary half a dram, juniper berries two drams, Bay-berries a dram, Angelica, Sorrel, Carduus seeds, of each a dram; Citron seeds half a dram, Rue, Carduus, each a dram; Saffron, Pepper, Mace, each half a dram, Hearts horn and Ivory, each a dram; Bole prepared with juyce of Citrons half an ounce, Opium a scru∣ple, Camphire half a scruple, Nut kernels, Figs, each half an ounce; fine Sugar two ounces, Honey twelve ounces; make an Electuary, or Lozenges, give a dram with an ounce and an half of Sugar.

These aforesaid are taken alone or with other.

Of Mithridate these are usual Lozenges. Take Mi∣thridate half an ounce, Sugar and Sugar candy, each four ounces; with Spanish wine, make them up.

Or this Electuary: Take the best Treacle three ounces, Tormentil roots, juniper-berries, Carduus and Sorrel seed, of each two drams; Bole prepared half an ounce, Ivory a dram, Coral a dram and an half, species Diamargarit frigid a dram, with syrup of Citrons: make an Electuary, give it alone or with Wine or fit Waters.

If Treacle be added these aforesaid are Opiats.

Stilled waters are Antidotes and expel and provoke sweat, In the Cure of the Plague we shall declare those that preserve or Cure, or both.

Some things may be held in the Mouth to preserve, because its thought the Plague is taken by the breath, when we go forth into suspected places.

As Angelica root which is well sented, and Zedoary, roots of Elicampane, Galangal, Citron rind or Orange peels or seeds, or Fennel seed. We shall not advise things without scent, as Vervain which is commended highly, five leaved Grass, nor unpleasant things which cannot be long held in the Mouth.

For to be held in the mouth are Troches made; Thus, Take Angelica roots two drams, Orris roots a dram, Zedoary half a dram, dried Citron peels, Coriander seed, each half a dram; Cloves, Nutmeg, yellow Sanders, each a dram; Cinnamon two scruples, Bole prepared with juyce of Lem∣mons or Vinegar a dram and an half, Sugar six drams: with the Infusion of Gum traganth in Rose-water and a grain or two of Musk or Amber-greece make Troches.

Others easier made and pleasant. Take Angelica roots one dram, Juniper half a dram, Wood Aloes a scruple, Sugar half an ounce: with Infusion of Musk make Tro∣ches.

The Angelical Balls of Percovius are made thus.

Take red Coral and burnt Hearts-horn prepared with juyce of Scordium, each an ounce: Sugar dissolved in Scordium water two pound, the distilled Oyl of Angelica half a dram.

Some only chew Myrrh, troches of Musk are made only of Bole, and Sugar, and Musk.

External Remedies are applied to divers parts, espe∣cially to the Heart and Pulses which are good before the Heart be smote, or in a Fever. Therefore it is guarded with Cordials and Poysons also, as they say, one poyson expels another.

Cordial Applications are best in a bagg, or Oynt∣ments for Epithems dry quickly.

Make a Bag thus. Take Cordial flowers, each a pugil; Rosemary flowers half a pugil, Scordium, Marjoram, Balm, each a handful; Angelica roots, half an ounce, dried Citron peels two drams, Orris roots a dram, Sorrel and Cori∣ander seeds, each two drams; Basil seed a dram, Citron seeds, yellow Sanders, Nutmegs, Mace, Wood Aloes, each half a dram; Saffron a scruple: make a Pouder, bast it with Cotton in a sine cloth or silk for a Bag. add Musk or Am∣ber-greece.

Anoynt or bathe the Heart, and Pulses, and Nostrils, with this. Take Angelica roots half an ounce, cordial flowers and clove Gilliflowers, each a pugil; citron peels six drams, Saffron, Camphire, each a dram; Balm and Car∣diaca, each a handful; Treacle two drams, add Rose-water and Vinegar.

Or with this Liniment. Take the best Treacle two drams, of the yellow Oyntment of Water-lillies three drams, Cordial species half a dram, with juyce of Lemmons.

Or with this sweet Balsom. Take distilled Oyl of Cloves and seeds or roots of Angelica five drops: with white Wax and a little Mosch, Anoynt.

Or with this. Take juyce of Cardiaca and Balm, each two drams; dissolved Camphyre in Aqua vitae half a dram, Saffron a scruple: with Honey make a Liniment for the Pulses.

Not only Empericks, but some learned men com∣mend highly some poysons to be applied to the Heart, to defend it from the Plague.

Mathiolus highly extols Oyl of Scorpions, thus easi∣ly made. Take two drams of right Oyl of Scorpions, with Treacle a dram: apply them to the Pulses with a clout.

Some add Rhubarb, as the Oyl of Scorpions of Cle∣mens.

Some commend this of Arsnic. Take white and red Arsnic, each equal parts: make a Pouder, add the white of an Egg or Mucilage of Traganth to make a hard Cake, which must be carried about the Heart in a double Scarff.

Somtimes Arsnic is mixed with cordial Pouders thus. Take fragments of precious stones, coral, Pearl, and Hearts∣horn, each a dram; Orris half an ounce, Saffron a scruple, white Arsnic an ounce, Orpiment half an ounce: make a Pouder for a Bag with a little Ambergreece.

Some do mix with good success two ounces of the Pouder of a Toad.

If the Liver be anoynted with Oyntments that cool and strengthen, some think the body is safer from the plague.

Some hold it for a great secret to anoynt the Emun∣ctuaries, as the Arm-holes and Groins with Benzoin, Storax, Labdanum and Litharge.

Also to keep open old Ulcers, is good in time of plague to preserve.

And an Issue in the Arm or Legg.

In the year 1564. a Monke at Leyden in time of the plague had a hole in his Cod with an Hellebore root, kept open by which he preserved himself, and perswa∣ded others to use the same for safety.

Amulers are highly esteemed, a Nut-shel filled with Quick-silver, stopped and ••anged about the Neck. This is commended by Marsilius Ficinus by many ex∣amples, and by others, some say it must touch the re∣gion of the Heart.

They think Saphires, Smarradgs, Hyacinths, Uni∣corns horn, and Ivory about the Neck do the same.

Also Five-leav'd grass and Dittany roots, and Betto∣ny with the roots held in the hand.

The Cure of a pestilential fever is divers according to the humor they suppose it comes from, which they evacuate: But we say it came from a pestiferous qua∣lity infecting the body, and therefore aim at the oppo∣sing and altering that, considering the age of the Per∣son.

First we give a prognostick because all Plagues are dangerous, and more die than live, In which there is no hope, and the Physitian labors in vain, except in the space of twenty four hours Nature throws all or most part of the poyson from the Heart. Spots are deadly when they appear, because they are not critical. Bu∣boes and Carbuncles appearing give hopes of recove∣ry. Sudden loss of strength, especially Swounding and outward cold are evil signs. If a woman with child having the Plague, miscarry, as shee commonly doth shee dieth usually.

The Cure is by Nature and the Physitians help, for many do recover. Therefore we strike at the Disease, keep up strength, and correct symptomes.

We said the Disease was a venemous quality fixed in the Heart, and so upon the whol body in the similar parts, with a preternatural heat and fever. Therefore we first labor to take away this quality from the Heart, and the humors which increase the same. And to alter the venemous force thereof and abate the heat.

Things that evacuate this poyson, and put it from the heart, and expel the humors that in∣crease the fever must be used in this order and man∣ner.

Blood-letting was the first and usual means. And many perswaded themselves that much poyson was ta∣ken from the the heart thereby. But it is a general rule that it must not be til ripe age. And in women with Child not so much as in the Foot, for fear of miscarry∣ing; for others, I cannot perceive how bleeding can take the Venom from the heart or body when it is not conteined in the blood: but it rather is a cause of dra∣wing the Plague more inwardly the Veins being emp∣tied. Besides, the motion of nature is hindered there∣by, which at first labors by Sweat, and Pustles, and swellings to expel it. And the strength which should be kept to encounter with the Disease is lost. Neither doth it bring so much good as hurt, for taking away the cause or cooling the heat which is not very great in the Plague, for the reasons aforesaid. Therefore they are all to be blamed that observe not these circumstances, but let blood rashly, except in Children, though Na∣ture be laboring to sweat it forth, or cast out Botches: and though they see many die after bleeding, they wil go on their road of bleeding presently and plentifully. But we are to bleed only when the Plague is in a ple∣thorick or cachectick body, which causeth not a sim∣ple fever by plenty of blood, but a putrid Synoch, and then the heat and symptoms wil be abated. And then it must be sparingly done to preserve strength, and not at all except the repletion mentioned require it, if there be weakness. For we have often found by experience that more people in yeers have scaped that were not

blooded, than that were. Some approve no bleeding, but such as is til the Patient fainteth, and brag of many that have been cured thereby.

We think it safer to omit it, than rashly to use it: and if it doth good, it is more for the fever than the ve∣nemous quality, which is not in the blood, but comes to the heart from without, and so cannot be expel'd by bleeding. The time if it must be, is at first, with∣in twenty four hours, or not at all. And if sweat ap∣pear as usualy it doth, it must be defer'd til it be past: and it must not be stop'd either by bleeding or naked∣ness, which is required when the Vein is opened. But when sweat is past and the Patient is refreshed with meat or medicine, it may be done if need require, or before sweat if it appear not: nor must we stay to loosen the body first, as at other times before bleeding, for there is no dallying. If pain be, take blood from the side, if not take the common Vein. Open the Sa∣phena or Vein in the Foot if there be a swelling in the groyn. If it be above, open the Arm or Hand-vein on that side. If under the Arm-holes, open the Basi∣lick vein, if under the Ears the Head vein, if in the Face, under the Tongue. Some clap on Cupping-glasses to the Carbuncles before bleeding, that the ve∣nom sent thither may stay there, and be drawn inward by bleeding, by which way we have known bleeding do much hurt. And I have observed that Empericks have with very ill success raised blisters with Vesicato∣ries upon the Botches at first appearance. Some do draw the venom out at the orifice, after bleeding apply Scordium or Jack of the hedg, which is of the same nature, others apply living Oysters for the same.

In yong people Cupping-glasses are instead of blee∣ding, and they are better for old than bleeding with the Lancet, which weakens and draws in the venom, if they are applied at first to help nature to drive out the ve∣nom, when she is in motion with sweat; and in those places where nature expels, as when a pestilent sign is above, to the Neck and Shoulders, when in the Groyns, to the Buttocks, Thighs and Hands.

Scarification before Cupping in the same places, draws outward more powerfully, and because the su∣perficial blood is only taken away, thereby doth it weaken or hinder Natures motion.

Horsleeches may be instead thereof applied to the same parts.

A Vesicatory to the great Toe or Ring-singer made of Crowfoot or Flammula deriveth the Venom, and the more if it be kept open with a Thred and Beet or Colewort leaf, or anoynted with Butter.

A quick Pidgeon cut in two, and bound to the soles of the feet, or a Tench, or a bruised Radish, or Nettles with the roots, or Ground-Ivy bruised doth the same.

Some commend a live Pigeon opened and laid hot to the Head.

In the yeer 1584. in plague-time, I observed that a Cock pluckt at the Rump, and his feet bound close together, and his mouth stopt with the hand of a man, was applied to the Heart, with admirable suc∣cess.

Evacuation made by sweat or insensible transpirati∣on, draws the venom from the Heart, or outwardly to the superficies, and is the chief way of Cure. This Na∣ture at first doth endeavor for the most part. And the Physitian must help her motion, or provoke her to it.

This is done somtimes by things given inward, som∣times by Fumes or Frictions, by sweating medicines, and by Blysters, and by things that experience teacheth us do resist poyson. These are called expelling medi∣cines, and are of divers forms.

These must be used at the first, and if possible before the Venom strike the Heart and beat it down, which it doth suddenly if not resisted and expelled with the spi∣rits and heat outwardly, the sooner the better, for it is the Key of the work, and if it be not done in twenty four hours (in which time the Plague somtimes kill∣eth) what is done after wil signifie nothing, and except Nature of her self do it we shal labour in vain, after this opportunity is neglected. Neither ought bleeding or purging (though required) hinder this; although some perswade to sweat after bleeding, and if the Phy∣sitian come after it may be done, but not so wel, and repeated the next day, and all the time of the Disease if strength hold and Nature offer to discharge that way. The Patient must not be forced much to sweat, except Nature tend that way; for the Venom of the Plague may be carried away by insensible transpiration with∣out sweating.

They are in divers forms, but the moist is best, as a Decoction, or Water, or Infusion, or Potion, or you may give an Electuary.

A simple Decoction, or a common Decoction used in the smal pox to drive them out as is there mentioned may be given here.

For Children. Take Pease and Barley, each a pugil; Figs ten, Dates five, Tormentil and Dittany roots, each a dram; boyl them, add a little Wine, give it.

Or a Decoction of Tormentil, Dittany, Angelica, Bur∣dock, Butter-bur or Celondine roots.

Or of Sorrel, Plantane, Tansie, Vervain, Scordium, Rue in Water and Vinegar, or Wine and distilled Water.

Or Garlick boyled in Honey'd water to two ounces which wil cause sweat and Urin.

Also this Decoction of Lignum vitae. Take Gua∣jacum two ounces, Sarsaparilla an ounce, Juniper and Bay∣berries, roots of Angelica and Elicampane, each two drams; with a little Cinnamon.

Juyces are not given alone, but mixed with other things, yet Rondoletius saith that three ounces of the juyce of Marygolds is excellent.

The best distilled Waters are, that of Orange flowers, and of juyce or flowers of Limons. Also Angelica water with Aqua vitae produceth sweat violently to my know∣ledge, or water of Citron leaves, and Aqua vitae, and to chew them is a good Antidote. And 1534. I never used other when I visited my Patients of the plague.

Also Distilled water of Oak leaves, wild Vetches, Sorrel, Burnet, Tormentil, Dragons.

Also Celondine boyled in Wine and Vinegar.

Or this. Take Burdock roots a pound, of the inward bark of an Ash two handful, distil them, give three oun∣ces.

Also Water of green Nuts.

Or this. Take Sorrel, Scabious, Vervain, Rue, (not ful ripe) each a handful; Nightshade and Housleek, each half a handful; cut them small, distill them. And if you add Vinegar before stilling, it wil cause Vomit, but Sweat howsoever.

Or, Take Limons ten, cut them, add Borage and Sor∣rel, each two or three handful; white Wine three pints, di∣stil them, give two ounces.

The first choise Water: Take Angelica roots, Ma∣ster-wort, Termentil, Valerian and Dittany, Devils bit, Burnet and Snake weed roots, each an ounce; Vervaine and Scabious, each a handful; distil them in Aqua vitae or strong Wine, give an ounce.

The second: Take Rue, Marigolds, Sage, Vervain, Sca∣bious, each a handful; Burdock and Devils bit roots; each

two ounces; distill them in white Wine, give an ounce.

The third: Take Gua••acum half a pound, roots of An∣gelica, Master-wort, Gentian, of each an ounce; Orris and Zedoary, each half an ounce; Carduus, Rue, Scordium, each two handful; Basil a handful, Lemons sliced six: distil them thrice, give half an ounce.

The fourth, which I have often used successfully: Take roots of Valerian, five leaved Grass, white Dittany, Smallage, Burnet, Dragons, Tormentil, each an ounce; Gen∣tian half an ounce, Dane-wort, Birth-wort, Angelica roots, of each two drams; Galangal six drams, Valerian, Smallage, and Celandine, each a handful; Rue half a handful, Bay and juniper-berries, each half an ounce; wood Aloes two drams, Cinnamon six drams: cut and bruise them, distill them in Aqua vitae, Borage, Bugloss, Sorrel and Scabious water, give two ounces.

The fifth: Take Tormentil, Burnet, Dittany, Swallow-wort, five leaved Grass, Burdock, Butter-bur and Devils bit, of all the roots, each an ounce; roots of Angelica, Ma∣ster-wort, Elicampane, Mockchervil, Valerian, each half an ounce; roots of Gentian, Birth-wort, each three drams; Ze∣doary, Galangal, Ginger, each two drams; roots of Dragons, Cookowpints, Garlick, Onyons, of each two drams; Laurel bark a dram, Scabious, Vervain, Marigold, Celandine, Willow herb, Scordium, Rue, Tansey, Sage, Balm, Plan∣tane, Pauls Bettony, Carduus, Wormwood, each three drams; flowers of Rosemary, Bugloss, Borage, Water-lillies, Violets, each a dram; Saffron half a dram, Coriander, Basil, Citron and Angelica seeds, each a dram; Carduus and Sorrel seed, each two drams; Bay and Juniper-berries, of each an ounce; Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace, each a dram; Lemons sliced five, Wall-nut kernels fifteen, Bole prepared an ounce, cut them smal, and cover them with Wine, add two ounces of Rose∣water, and four ounces of Aqua vitae: distil them, or infuse them in spirit of Wine.

Camphite is good if it be added to all these waters: dissolved first in Aqua vitae.

And therefore we commend the golden spirit of Life with Camphire, above mentioned, for the Cure of the plague.

Treacle also and Mithridate, and other Antidotes, as the Electuary of the Egg may be added before you stil and then they are Treacle waters.

Thus: Take the best Treacle five ounces, Mirrh an ounce and an half, Saffron half an ounce, Aqua vitae ten ounces; distil them, give half an ounce, with a drop of spirit of Vitriol.

The second Treacle water approved often: Take white Onyons sliced six, Garlick pickt three heads, Rue, Celandine, Plantane, each a handful, Treacle a dram and an half, Aquae vitae two ounces, Vinegar an ounce, Wine two ounces: distill them, give half an ounce.

The third made by me for the poor 1594. I used few others. and it cured many: Take roots of Tormentil, Burdock, Valerian, Burnet, Devils bit, each four ounces; roots of Master-wort, Angelica, Dittany, Gentian, Dragons all dry, each an ounce; Onyons and Nuts not ripe, each six ounces; Rue, Sorrel, Carduus, each two handfuls; Camphire a dram and an half, dissolved in an ounce of Aqua vitae, Mithridate an ounce and an half, with white Wine, and two ounces of Rose Vinegar, draw a Water, give two ounces; with syrup of Vinegar or Lemons, if you please.

The fourth: Take Angelica roots two ounces, Zedoary half an ounce, roots of Black-hellebor two drams, Devils bit, Tormentil, Dittany, Carline, Gentian, each an ounce; Trea∣cle four ounces, Green Nuts twenty, water of Pauls Bettony three paints, Vinegar a pint and an half, distil them, give two ounces and an half.

Infusions may be used instead of waters, and they are stronger, you may make them of the things mentio∣ned: Or thus, Take Camphire half an ounce, white Gin∣ger an ounce, Cloves an ounce and an half, Sugar candy an ounce, infuse them in Aqua vitae, give two drams.

Another: Take Mithridate or Treacle two ounces or an ounce of each, Aqua vitae ten ounces, syrup of Limons or Citrons five ounces, infuse them a moneth; or in Balneo, give an ounce.

The third: Take spirit of Wine four times distilled a pint and an half, Sack two ounces, syrup of Lemons or Citrons two ounces, Treacle or Mithridate ten ounces, Angelica roots half an ounce, Zedoary two drams, Camphire a dram, Saffion half a dram, species Diamargariton frigid a dram and an half, Cinnamon two drams, Musk half a scruple, infufe them, give an ounce.

The fourth: Take roots of Angelica, Masterwort and Zedoary, each two drams, wild Angelica, Burnet, Va∣lerian, Swallow-wort, Tormentil, Personate, Carline and Elicampane, each three drams: Juniper and Bay∣berries, each an ounce; Angelica seeds a dram, Cin∣namon a dram and an half, long Pepper half a scruple, Saffron a scruple, Mirrh half a dram: make a Pouder, add spirit of Wine, syrup of Lemons, Citrons or Sor∣rel two ounces, set it in the Sun, or in Balneo, give an ounce, with Treacle, Mithridate, or Mathiolus Anti∣dote a dram, if the Patient be young and hot give less, and dissolve it with Marigold water.

Other Pouders above mentioned may be so used.

Syrups also of the Decoctions or Juyces mentioned. Or thus: Take roots of Angelica, Tormentil, Dittany, Burnet, Cross wort, each an ounce; roots of Master-wort and Zedoary, each half an ounce; Carduus, Vervaine, Rue, Celandine, Marigold, Sage all dry each three drams; Juniper-berries two ounces, Bay∣berries an ounce and an half, boyl them in Winc, and with Sugar, make a syrup: give an ounce.

Extracts of Angelica, Vervain, Elicampane and Rob of Elder are commended.

Mathiolus gives a scruple of Oyl of Vitriol with pro∣per waters.

Pouders are mixed in potions, or Electuaries, or made into Lozenges for Children.

These may be given to Women with Child: Take Angelica roots half a dram, Tormentil and Dittany roots, each an ounce; Treacle half a dram, Diamar∣gariton frigid half a scruple, with Sugar, dissolved in Sorrel water, make Lozenges, give two drams.

A pouder for weak persons: Take Tormentil and Butter-bur roots, each half a dram; Diamargariton frigid a scruple, give it with Sorrel water and syrup of Lemons.

A second: Take Bole Armenick prepared two drams, Hearts horn a scruple, Pearl half a scruple, juyce of Lemons two drams: give it with Sorrel or Carduus water.

A third, that is bitter: Take roots of Tormentil Dittany, Gentian, leaves of Carduus, each half a dram Bole and Coral prepared, each a dram; give it with Sorrel water.

A fourth: Take white Amber and Coral, each half a dram, Pearl a scruple, Elkes Hoofe, Ivory, each half a scruple: make a Pouder, give it in purslane or Scabious water, or make Lozenges.

A fifth unpleasant: Take Diamargariton frigid two scruples, Harts horn a scruple, Basil seed half a scruple, Sorrel seed a scruple, Citron seeds six grains, Mirrh half a scruple with Vinegar: make a Potion.

Pouders with Camphire are thought to cool: As, Take Troches of Camphire a dram, syrup of Citrons an ounce, with Scabious and Sorrel water: make a Potion,

Another pouder which cures all Feavers and is good against the Plague, made of hot things, and Cam∣phire. Take Camphire a dram, Ginger two drams, Sugar candy three drams. give a dram with Carduus, Scabious or Marigold water.

This may be infused alone or with Treacle.

The Itallians commend Euphorbium, and make this Pouder: Take Euphorpium and Mastick, each half a scruple, Saffron five grains, Sugar candy a dram: make a pouder, give it with Sorrel water and Vinegar of Roses half an ounce.

Or thus: Take Euphorbium, Maflick and Gum Elemni each half a scruple; roots of Tormentil and Angelica, of each half a dram; Camphire half a scruple: make a pouder, give it with Sorrel water and Rose Vinegar half an ounce.

The Chymists commend their Salts and Crato also. As Salt of Angelica, Scabious, Scordium, Carduus, Zedo∣ary, Ash, Guajacum, Wormwood ten or twelve grains, with Conserve of Roses, or Citrons, or a dram of Salt of Polypody in Wine, it doth wonders.

Also Salt made of Vine boughs a scruple, given in Wine or proper water, if you take three hours after a scruple or half a dram of Antidote-Colubrine, or the like to provoke more sweat.

Crato saith Diasulphur right made, is a strong ex∣peller.

And the Chymists use Antimonium Diaphoreticum but not safely.

Hartman commends his Panacea or sulphure of An∣timony fixed, which he teacheth in his Chymical practise.

There are divers Electuaries made of the mentioned things, and may be given to Cure, as well as to pre∣vent. You may make them of the pouders with Ho∣ney or Syrup.

The mixture among the preservatives made of roots of wild Cowcumbers with Smallage and Housleek is commended by Honoratus and Crato for to Cure al∣so.

Opiate Antidotes are good against all poysons and the plague.

Treacle and Mithridate are the old standers a dram at a time, or with Philonium of Gesner. The later are Diascordium, Mathiolus Antidote, and the Elect∣uary made of an Egg, or Diacroceum.

Or thus first: Take Treacle or Mithridate, or Electuary of the Egg, or Mathiolus Antidote a dram and an half; dissolve it with the Decoction of Zedoary, add syrup of Vinegar an ounce.

The second: Take Treacle a dram, juyce of Scabious, Carduus, each an ounce; dissolved in Wine.

A third: Take Treacle or Mithridate a dram, Ange∣lica roots, Sorrel seeds and Hearts horn, each a scruple; give it with Angelica water.

A fourth: Take Treacle two scruples, Pouder of Ver∣vain a dram, Saffron seven grains, water of green Nuts four ounces, drink it hot, 'tis from Helidaeus.

A fifth: Take Treacle a dram, prepared Bole half a dram, Species, Liberantis and Diamarganton frigid, each a scruple; Sorrel, Carduus and Scabious water, each an ounce with half an ounce of syrup of Limons.

A sixth: Take Treacle and Mithridate, each half an ounce; Electuary of the Egg two drams, species liberantis a dram, Bole prepared half an ounce: with syrup of Sorrel make an Electuary, give two drams.

A seventh. Take Treacle a dram, Vervain half a dram, Saffron and Camphire, each half a scruple; with Nut wa∣ter and Vinegar make a potion.

An eighth. Take Treacle three drams, Ginger, Gam∣phire, Sugar candy, each half an ounce; give a dram.

The ninth: Take Tormeueil, Dittany and Angelica roots, each two drams; Zedoary and Gentian, each a dram; Scordium two drams, Vervaine a dram, Ginger, Camphire and Saffron, each half a dram; make a pouder, add Treacle and Mithridate, each two ounces; give a dram and an half,

The tenth: Take an onyon a little boyled, steep it in Vinegar, and strain it, add Treacle a dram, syrup of Li∣mons an ounce, you may add Garlick for strong Bo∣dies.

An eleventh: Take Castor half a scruple, roots of Birth-wort, Gentian and Treacle, each half a dram, give it with strong Vinegar and Sorrel water.

A twelfth called Mountpelior Wolf: Take juyces of Rue, Sage, Burnet, Centaury, Pennyroyal, Wormwood, Va∣lerian, Mother-wort, green Wall-nuts, each equal parts, Ho∣ney half as much as all: boyl them to a syrup: Take an ounce thereof to Treacle half an ounce, Bole and sealed Earth, of each two drams; with Vinegar and Wine, if he be not hot, give it at the first lying down.

A thirteenth: flower of Brim-stone a s••ruple, Saffron half a scruple, Frankincense half a dram, Treacle a dram, give it with convenient waters.

A fourteenth: Take Treacle a dram, Electuary of the Egg half a dram, Oyl of Vitriol seven drops, strong Vinegar an ounce, Sorrel and Borage water, each an ounce.

A fifteenth very hot: Take Cookow pints or Dragon roots a dram, or each half a dram; Angelica roots a dram, Rue and Vervam, each half a dram; Saffron a scruple, Camphire half a scruple: make a pouder, give a dram, with Trea∣cle a dram, dissolved in Vinegar and Scabious water.

A sixteenth of Laurel prepared in Vinegar: Take of the Saxon Antidote and Treacle, each half a dram, dissolve it in Sorrel water with Vinegar of Roses six drams, syrup of Limons half an ounce.

Some use this Fume to provoke sweat: Take Sorrel, Rue, Scabious, each a handful, with Aloes, Mirrh, Mastick, Saffron, steeped in Water and Vinegar, and sprinkled upon a hot Brick; make a Fume for the whol Bo∣dy.

A certain physitian to provoke sweat boyled Guaja∣cum, Tormentil, Danewort and Burdock roots and with a little Sublimate Mercury, dipt a sheet in it and wrapt the patient hot therein.

Some sweat with the Fume of Cinnabar or Antimo∣ny, as in the pox.

Also Frictions draw forth and cause sweat, or make insensible transpiration. It must be done before sweat appears, it is best with a hand dipt in warm water or with sca••let, and let the body be wel covered and quiet, also Friction is good after spots appear to make them come forth.

Vomiting is also used, when Vomiting is a Symp∣tom especially, and to expel the venom by a violent motion and to cast out the Botch. Some give it at the first, others after a Clyster, or after an Antidote, others give it presently after bleeding, and brag of Mira∣cles.

The gentlest are of loosners and cutters, as syrup of Vinegar, or two ounces of juyce of Erysimum with Scabious, Carduus, or Bugloss water. One saith that he Cured the plague miraculously with water of wood Sorrel, Vinegar and Oyl of Vitriol, others give Asara∣bacca and an Indian Nut.

The Empericks give the strongest Dro••tus writes that a Chirurgion gave a Vomit of Chalcanthum prepared presently after bleeding and did wonders.

Mathiolus gives five grains of Stibium with the Ele∣ctuary Liberantis, and an Emperick did imitate him here in 1564.

Mathiolus also gives praecipitate in Sugar of Ro∣ses.

Or we must give Clysters and purge.

Before bleeding give a Clyster or suppository and it makes an Antidote work better, when no Vein is ope∣ned, but a Clyster given. And one brag'd that he cured the plague by only a Clyster, Bleeding and an Anti∣dote. Therefore we usually give Clysters, if the body be not very weak. Because they work speedily and loose no time.

That which clenseth and loosneth is best. As the com∣mon Decoction, with Cassia, Catholicon or Tryphera Crato gives a Decoction of pauls Bettony with salt-Butter, others add Barley cream to temper the Hu∣mors.

Purging doth little because it cannot expel the cause, except nature being at first stir'd up by a strong purge cast some of the Venom out, but that is dangerous be∣cause it weakneth, & strength is required to go through it. And because they are subject to a Flux of the Bel∣ly and it may carry them away: as one was by stibium given by an Emperick, which he called a present Re∣medy, who died upon the stool with violent evacuati∣on. Therefore first consider whether the body be clean or foul, if clean purge not rashly, for it wil do hurt if foul, from whnce a putrid Feaver may arise, we may purge, not to expel the venom, but the filth which will cause a Feaver. But have a care of the strength: and defer it to the declination when the state of the Disease is best: if strength be at first, purging may do a little good, except the botch comes forth and commands forbearance, nor must they hinder the chief Medicines which expel, for they must be given first, and nature in∣clines to that at first. After an hour or two sweating at the first, if strength be good, and we perceive the pu∣trid Feaver to over top the venom, we give a gentle purge to take away filth which will increase the Feaver, that when that is gone, nature may be stronger. Time permits not long preparatives, but all the time we may give altering Medicines to allay the foul Humors and strengthen the Heart; And when the venom is gone and a putrid Feaver remains, we then begin to prepare and purge as in putrid Feavers.

When need therefore requires, we may give these following, with respect to the Age and constitution. Tryphera persica or Sarracenica a dram, with Sorrel, Scabious or Bugloss water.

Or thus: Take Yellow and Chebs Myrobalans, each a dram and an half; Tamarinds an ounce, Cordial and Sca∣bious flowers, each a pugil; boyl them, and add Rhubarb a dram, Cinnamon half a dram, strain it, and add Try∣phera persica two drams, syrup of Roses laxative half an ounce.

It is good to give at first some Ruffi pills, after which I have presently seen the botch appear.

Rhubarb resists venom, therefore we give the extract and Hartman saith that many have been preserved by canstant use thereof.

We spake of Stibium and Praecipitate among Vo∣mits.

And of Alterers which resist Venom, and drive it out. And of things against putrid fevers. But here we shal choose such which abate heat, resist corruption, and are Cordials, and keep up strength.

Some are given inwardly.

As cold Water in which Harts-horn, Ivory, or Gold is steept or boyled, or Gold quencht in it, is good.

Or a Decoction of Sorrel roots or Tormentil in Water.

Crato commends a Decoction of Groundsel in Ale.

Boyl Sorrel, Borage, Purslane, Scabious, Succory, and Endive in his Broaths.

And put juyce of Limons, Citrons, Oranges, Pome∣granats, Vinegar, green Grapes, Barberries in Broath or Drink.

Also Sorrel, Rose and Scabious water.

And divers sharp Syrups prescribed in continual se∣vers.

For Juleps thus. Take syrup of Citrons or Limons, and Sorrel, each two ounces; of Pomegranates an ounce, Sorrel and Bugloss water, each five ounces; make a Julep.

A second. Take syrup of Ribes or Pomegranate Wine, two ounces, juyce of sharp Apples an ounce, Sorrel, Scabious, Balm and Bugloss water, each four ounces: make a Julep.

A third. Take juyce of Sorrel, Borage, sweet scent∣ed Apples, Scabious, each an ounce and half; Rose-Vinegar half an ounce, water of Carduus, Roses, and Scordium, each four ounces; add Sanders and five grains of Camphire, drink it often.

A fourth. Take Rose, Sorrel, and Borage water, each two ounces; Cinnamon water an ounce, white Wine half an ounce, syrup of Citrons or Limons an ounce and an half, Manus Christi with pearls, half an ounce, Bole one dram, Hearts-horn half a dram, boyl and strain it.

A scruple or half a dram of Lapis prunellae is good to be added to these. Or thus, Take roots of Tormentil an ounce, Angelica roots half an ounce, Zedoary a dram; Cordial and Scabious flowers, each a pugil; Wood∣sorrel a handful, Saunders a dram: boyl, strain, and add syrup of Sorrel or Citrons or Limons an ounce. They add Unicorns horn for great people.

Pouders, the first. Take Bole thrice washed in Rose water, and Coral each a dram; Hearts-horn and Ivo∣ry each half a dram; Cinnamon half a dram, Manus Christi an ounce; make a pouder, take it in Broath or Wine.

A second, Take Confection of Alkermes (if there be no Loosness) a scruple, species Diamargariton frigid, Ivory and Hearts-horn, each half a scruple; Bole pre∣pared a scruple, syrup of Limons half an ounce: with Sorrel and Carduus Water make a Cordial potion.

A third. Take Consection de Hyacyntho (which is proper for the Plague) a scruple, syrup of Limons an ounce: give it with convenient Waters.

A fourth. Take juyce of scabious and Vervain, each an ounce; syrup of Limons half an ounce, Diamarga∣riton frigid, Electuary of Bole and Gems, each half a scruple; with Rose, Bugloss and sorrel water make a Potion.

Distilled Waters are also good as, Take scabious Balm, sorrel, Vervain, each a handful; Tormentil and Dittany roots, each an ounce; Rose, Violet, Bugloss and scabious flowers, each a pugil; sorrel seeds two drams, Citron seeds half a dram: boyl them in Chicken broath, add Diamargariton frigid, Electuary of Bole, Gems or Bezoar, each a dram; juyce of Apples three ounces, Cinamon half an ounce, Sanders a dram, distil in Balneo, and give it in broath or otherwise.

Another: Take a Capon prepared, boyl it, add half a pound of white bread, two sliced Limons, Borage flowers a pugil, Citron seeds half a dram, Coriander seed a dram, Harts∣horn two drams, pouder them, add Sack four ounces, Con∣serve of Cordial flowers, each an ounce; distil them, give the water with Cinnamon water, Julep of Roses or Vinegar and Sugar, or alone.

This restoreth more: Take a Capon dressed from the fat, beat his bones, and add a piece of Veal, cut them,

and a little Salt, a drain of Diam trgariton frigid, conserve of Sorrel, Water-lillies and Bugloss each an ounce; Cinna∣mon three drams, Rosewater an ounce, Wine an ounce: boyl them to a Gelly.

Or thus. Take a Capon or Hen dressed from the fat, break and cut it with a piece of Beef and Veal, with a little Salt, Ginger, and Pepper three corns, a little Marjoram, juyce of Limons, and Wine, each an ounce; boyl them to a Gelly, give it alone, or with other Broaths.

Conserve of Roses, Violets, both Buglosses, Water-lillies, Sorrel and clove Gilli-slowers, Scabious, Balm, Rosemary flowers, Plantane, candied Citron peels, sharp fruits preserved and Berries are good.

These are given alone or mixed in a Bolus, every third day we give Mithridate or Treacle in some of those Conserves.

Or with Pouders and Syrups make an Electuary. As, Take the four cordial Conserves, each an ounce; con∣serve of Scabious flowers an ounce and an half, Citron peels candied an ounce, Bole prepared a dram, Coral half a dram, Ivory a scruple, red Sanders half adram, Diamargariton fri∣gid a scruple, bezoard pou••ler half a scruple, with syrup of Li∣mons: make an Electuary.

Another Cordial. Take the four cordial conserves of Sorrel, each an ounce and an half; conserve of Balm helf an ounce, candied Citron peels an ounce, Bole and Coral prepa∣red, each a dram; Pearl prepared a scruple, Ivory, Unicorn or Harts-horn, each a scruple, seeds of Citrons, Sorrel and Co∣riander, each half a dram; fragments of precious stones a scruple, Bezoar half a scruple, leaves of Gold ten, Camphire five grains: make an Electuary.

Also Lozenges of Diamargariton, Bezoar and Bole. And give for the Liver, Diatrionsantalon and Diar∣rhodon.

Or these. Take red and white Saunders, and Citron seeds, each half a dram; Cinnamon two scruples, Coral, Bole, each a dram; Pearl a scruple, red Coral a scruple, Saphires, Smaragds, Rubies and Granates, each half a scru∣ple, filings of Gold a scruple, Ivory and Harts-horn, each half a scruple: with white Sugar dissolved in the juyce of Limons make Loxenges.

These are good to be put into Broths when they are almost boyled. Take Sorrel seeds half an ounce, Melon seeds two drams, Citron seed half a dram, all the Sanders two scruples, Coral a dram and an half, Diamargariton frigid half a dram, make forms of them.

Pils of the Troches of Camphire, with syrup of Li∣mons are Cordial and do resist Poyson: give two or three.

The Chymists highly commend Aurum Potabile, Salt and Magistery of Pearl, and the Tincture of Coral.

Crato gives an ounce of Oyl of Scorpions to the in∣fected.

Divers Applications may be made to the Heart, Li∣ver, Pulses, Reins, Brain and Stomach, and Testicles, and the Air amended.

After sweating lay Epithems to the Heart and Pulses. Thus Sorrel, Scabious, Vervain, Balm, and Rose wa∣ter, each two ounces; Rose-vinegar an ounce, juyce of Limons half an ounce, Sack an ounce, Sanders, red and white, a dram, Citron peels a scruple, Troches of Camphire a scruple, Diamargariton frigid a dram, make an Epithem.

An Oyntment for the the Heart and Pulses, or to be applied twice a day with Scarlet. Take Treacle half an ounce, juyce of Limons half an ounce, Rose-vine∣gar two drams, Camphire a scruple, Saffron half a scru∣ple, Musk three grains.

Or use Vinegar in which Angelica Roots are stee∣ped.

Or this Emplaster. Take red Roses poudered; boyl them well in Rose-water; with Vinegar, juyce of Ap∣ples, Citron peels, Sanders: make a Plaster for the Pulses.

Mathiolus anoynts the Pulses with Oyl of Scorpi∣ons.

And the Balsom mentioned among the Antidotes is as good.

Or the Bag there mentioned.

Use to cool the Liver cold and strengthening means, as in the cure of putrid Fevers, and to the Reins.

Rose-vinegar to the Head if it be hot.

And to the stomach strengthening Oyntments if it be weak.

And because the Stones have great consent with the principal parts, apply this to moderate the heat. Take Rose Water four ounces, Rose Vinegar half an ounce, Sack an ounce, juyce of Pomegranates half an ounce, wet cloaths therein and apply them.

It is good to change the Air and place, and remove the Patient from others that are infected and change his shirts, sheets, bed, Pillows, and sprinkle the chamber with Rose Vinegar, Lavender, Rose and Citron water; and in summer, to strew Herbs and Fruit, and to per∣fume as we shewed in the Antidotes.

To keep strength use this Diet.

Contrary to all other acute continual Fevers; Let meat be given ofen, but little at a time, and they must be compel'd to eat, if they refuse. Let it be of good nourishment, that a little may serve.

As Broath or Chickens, Kid, wood Fowl, Partridg, Veal, and these make divers dishes and Gellies, avoid Eggs which easily corrupt, and fat things. and give fruits, and things allowed in putrid Fevers. and let this meat be eaten with Vinegar or shap Juyces.

Let the Drink be Juleps mentioned, or Capon Ale, or Broath, or of Veal and Calves feet. Wine tempe∣rately taken is allowed.

This is a pleasant Water. Take the flesh of the Loyn of Veal half a pound, and a Calfs foot wel clensed, add Sugar two ounces, boyl them in Water, add a dram of gross Cinnamon, and strain it.

Let them not sleep while they sweat, some keep them from it twenty four hours after the Botch appears. But in regard sleep refresheth and carrieth the heat outward rather than inward, as I shewed, it must not be hin∣dered.

Let him rejoyce and be in good hope either of Cure or eternal happiness.

The Botch and Carbuncle are the chief symptoms. their cure shal be shewed hereafter, and how the Ve∣nom shal be dawn out.

The first thing is to hold up the strength, as we shew∣ed. And if swouning or Heart-beating come, give Cordials, and apply them outwardly. If swouning be from the stomach, anoynt and comfort that. and give a little Wine, or a sop in juyce of Pomegranates-Grapes and Wine, put the Hands and Feet in warm water, and rub the Face and other parts.

Take away Doting and Watching with a puppy ap∣plyed, or with Opiates, or washing externally. If sleep be much, use Vinegar of Roses.

Asswage thirst with this Julep. Take water newly distilled of Sorrel and Bread, each six ounces; Rose and Scabious water, each four ounces, Vervain and Bugloss water, each two ounces: with Sugar make a Julep.

Or with this. Take conserve of Sorrel and Roses, each an ounce; Rob de Ribes an ounce and an half, Diamargariton frigid a dram, with Sugar of Roses make a Candy.

If a Diarhaea come it is dangerous, then give a Cly∣ster of Barley water and Sugar.

And, Take Tormentil roots half a dram, or Bole with red Wine, and anoynt the Belly with astringents.

Women with Child, do often miscarry, when they are infected, this is deadly, and to be much regar∣ded.

The other Symptoms, as of the Tongue and Jaws are cured, as in putrid Feavers.

The Fevers that come from the biting of venemous beasts, * 1.91 inflam∣ing the Heart: kil in a few hours, or in the first day, except prevented.

The Cure is by drawing the Poyson forth at the Wound; and by an Antidote, as we shewed in Poy∣sons.

If the Feaver be great use Cordials inwardly and outwardly, as I shewed to chear the spirits.

A simple Hectick, whether it follow continual Diary, * 1.92 or putrid burning, or intermiting Fevers (not that which is melting and a Symptom of a burning Fever) or free from that Fever which caused it: is to be Cured, according as it is either in the beginning, or increase, or setlement.

In Children and Infants, because their Heart is easi∣ly altered in temper, it may be sooner Cured, if not confirmed: but it is difficult in Men and Women. And in old people uncurable.

The cause of this disease is the temperament of the Heart and the whol Body made hotter and dryer, not nourished by a Humor or Excrement, when the Body is freed from the Fever that caused it; Therefore pur∣ges are needless, except the Excrements and Crudities increase by long continuance of the Disease, and then gentle Clysters or Laxatives may be given. But we must chang the temper of the Body, And hold up the strength that decaies, And amend the accidents, if any be.

At the first we must alter the dryness, with moistners of the Heart and Limbs, and gentle coolers, because the heat is not violent and may be allay'd by tem∣perate and moderate coolers. Some give Narcoticks or Medicines to cause sleep to cool the Body, but we say they are not cold, and rather inflame the Body, as I shewed, and therefore give them not but when sleep is wanting. In the progress when the Consumption is begun we refresh, with nourishers that are moist, for they will disperse themselves sooner through the Body. This is done by internal and external means.

We give them a moistning Diet that refresheth, boyl'd things, moisten most, and roasted increase the radical moisture more.

Veal, Kid, and Porke, brains of Hogs and Calves are commended.

Also the stones of beasts that are not very Lecherous, as of Sheep, Calves, and young Kids.

And Hens flesh, Capons or Pullets fed with Barley, or crammed with Dow, made up into pills, with Cray∣fish, Frogs flesh, and Wheat flower or Barley flo∣wer.

Also Birds boyled, or moist roasted, for Galen saies meat over roasted turns easily into choller, but I rather lay the fault in the Dripping, the brains and stones of these are best.

Also Brook fish, Cray fish, Turtles of the woods and water Frogs are good meat in Hecticks, and Snailes, but some disallow of them, because they are so slymy. The Carthusian Friers, make up the tailes of Cray∣fish, with Barley, Almonds and Sugar, which is excel∣lent.

And yolks of Eggs boyled with Wine and Sugar cal∣led in Dutch Beinwarme, and green Cheese.

Also a Panado of bread boyled in broath: Or this. Take crums of bread steept in Milk, and add Almond Milk, Rose water and Sugar. Or Barley cream made with broath.

Also Almonds, Pine nuts, Pistachas alone, or with Milk, or Sugar, are good.

In meat give Eryngus and Satyrion roots and purple flowr'd Goats beard, Purslane, Bugloss, Mallows, Vio∣lets, Endive, Spinage, Betts, Colewort and moist fruits.

In drink which they love best, because they must not endure thirst, give these.

Wine that is of a middle sort between sweet and so∣wer is most refreshing, if it be strong, dash it with water, Wine taken much inflames and must not be given here or when there is a Phthisick or cough.

When the Consumption is manifest and there is no suspition of any remainder of the putrid Feaver, give Milk, for a long time every day: rising from four ounces to a pint. Womans Milk that hath been four moneths delivered is best: the next is Asses, which cure, if it be curable. Then Goats milk, after the but∣ter is taken out, and if you fear it will corrupt, add sugar. If your fear a loosness, infuse steel in it: the rest shall be shew'd in the Phthisiek.

Make Almond milk with pine Nuts, seeds of Me∣lons and Gourds or Poppies into Emulsions.

Or give Cock broath, strained from the sat conti∣nually, or a Decoction of Capons flesh and Cray∣fish.

Or Barley in Chicken broath.

Or this Julep: Take Violet and Rose water, each four ounces, white Sugar half a pound, Bugloss water two ounces; boyl them to a Julep, give it with boyled water or lean broath, or Barley water.

Or thus: Take juyce of Purslane (highly commended in this cause) three ounces, of Bugloss an ounce: boyl them to a Julep with Sugar, give a good proportion of∣ten.

Some commend, the juyce Burnet and Turneps.

Another Syrup: Take Bugloss and Eryngus roots, each two ounces; Satyrion roots an ounce, green Liquorish three ounces, Lettice, Purslane, each a handful; Violets, Bugloss and Borage flowers, each a pugil; Jujubs and Sebestens, each eight pair, Cold seeds bruised two drams, boyl them, strain and infuse red Sanders a dram; make a syrup with Sugar, to be taken alone or otherwise.

Give Children that hate Medicines, Purslane and Scabious water. Also waters distilled from Snails, Cray fish and Mans blood, and from new milk.

Or these: Take Capon broath of his flesh, well boyled, add a pugil of Turtle, Cray fish or Frogs flesh, conserve of Roses, Borage, Bugloss, Scabious, Violets, each an ounce; Diamargariton frigid, Diatragacanth frigid, each a dram; Cinnamon two drams, distil a wator from them.

Another very profitable: Take the Lungs and Heart of a Calf, the flesh of six Cray fish or seven, Frogs four, cut them smal, and add Diatragacanth frigid six drams, Cor∣dial temperate species two drams, Cold seeds hull'd and Pur∣slane seeds, each half an ounce; Henbane seeds, if there be a Cough, a dram, add Purslane and Linden flower water, each three ounces; Lilly water four ounces, distil them in Bal∣neo: give this alone, or with Julep of Roses.

There are divers restoring confections that are plea∣sant.

Marsh-pane, thus made: Take the past of which Marsh pane is made a pound, Cold seeds cleansed an ounce, Pine nuts two ounces, steep them in Milk, and bruise

them, Diapenides and Diatraganth frigid, each a dram; Diamargariton frigid half a dram, make Cakes.

Or thus: Take Capons flesh and Frogs, Hips and Cray∣fish tailes, boyled in Purslane and Rose water, each two ounces; beat them, add sweet Almonds blanched two ounces Pine nuts and Pistachaes, steept in milk, each an ounce; Gourd seeds cleansed half an ounce, white Starch two ounces, Sugar four ounces, Pearl half a dram, sprincle them with Cinnamon water, and make a past with Milk and yolks of two Eggs, make Cakes.

Or thus: Take flesh of Frogs Legs and Cray fish or Turtle flesh of the wood, if you can get it, each four ounces; boyl them in Barley and Purslane water, add the four great cold seeds, each a dram; white Poppy seeds two drams, Raysons stoned and Sebesten, each an ounce; then add the species of the resumptive Electuary, Diatragacanth frigid, Diapenidies without species, each half a dram, Penidies and Sugar-can∣dy, each two ounces; Pine and Pistacha Nuts, each half an ounce: make Cakes with Gum Traganth, dissolved in Rose water.

They must often take Sugar of Roses, or Sugar boy∣led in Violet or Purslane water.

Or this mixture: Take conserve of Violets, Purslane, Bugloss, of each an ounce; Conserve of Roses half an ounce, Diamargariton frigid a dram, Sugar: make a mix∣ture.

For outward means and cold Air is better then hot and dry.

Baths do good by moistning and cooling the body which is hot and dry, and by loosning the parts that nourishment may come to them. The antients used them three waies: first they bath'd in hot water to re∣lax: secondly in warm water to moisten: and thirdly in cold to keep in the moisture, by closing the Pores.

We use River or Raine water, which is thought best, so hot as may neither heat the body too much or cause thirst or sweat which must not be. And he must not be in above an houre, once or twice in a day, before meat. Some think it good to let the Patient take in the Fume of the Bath by a Linnen cloth before he goes in.

An artificial Bath is made of roots of Marsh-mal∣lows, Mallows, Violets, Purssane, Bugloss with the roots, Chamomil flowers in tripe broath, Veal or Mut∣ton broath that is fat, And for the Rich we add milk, Oyl or Butter.

I would allow of Sulphur baths, if they be near, used by degrees, because they make the body Oyly, as I have found by experience.

For this cause we anoynt after bathing, or at other times, morning and evening: the Back, Sides and Belly with loosning Oyls.

Or thus: Take Mucilage of Fleabane and Quince seeds each half an ounce; Gum Traganth infused in milk half a dram, fresh butter an ounce, white Hens and Ducks grease, each an ounce; Oyl of sweet Almonds and Violets, each two onnces; with white Wax: make a Liniment.

Anoynt the Breast and Heart thus: Take Oyl of Vio∣lets, Gourd seeds and sweet Almonds, of each half an ounce, Ducks grease an ounce, or use the resumptive Oyntment.

Some anoynt the Liver with the same, but we omit it, because the Liver will have little benefit thereby and the belly may be loosned therewith, which is naught. Neither do we put flesh in Oyntments, as some do.

We apply Epithems to the Breast, Heart and Pulses, because the Arteries are hot: As, Take an Emulsion of sweet Almonds made with Decoction of Barley, Pur∣slane and Violets: add fresh Butter and Capons grease Dip cloths therein and apply them warm.

A Cordial Epithem: Take Violet, Rose, Purslane, Scabious, Bugloss and Borage water, each two ounces; juyce of Apples an ounce, juyce of Housleek or Let∣tice half an ounce, white wine an ounce.

If bruised Purslane, be laid to the Stomach, it is thought to be good.

And gentle Frictions after bathing to draw the nou∣rishment.

The nourishers prescribed, both strengthen and re∣store. It is a good rule for Hecticks to eat often and little, and for all weak persons.

When meat is loathed and they are very weak, some give nourishing Clysters: Thus, Take milk half a pinte Capons broath two ounces, two yolks of Egg, give it often and let it be kept long.

Take heed of things that weaken, as fasting, which they cannot endure. And of strong motions of the Body, Mind. And of watching, for sleep is good. And all Evacuations, especiall Venery, are hurtful.

The chief accident is a loosness of the Belly, and it hastneth death if it continue, we look to that with anoynting the Belly, and the like.

Somtimes constant binding in the Belly is troubsom to them, which we prevent by a gentle moistning Cly∣ster. Thus: Take Chicken or Tripe broath, boyl there∣in Lettice and Mallows, add Cassia or Tamarinds an ounce, Oyl of Violets and Water Lillies, of each two ounces; Honey an ounce, give it.

Or this gentle Potion, Manna with Chicken broath, or Cassia, or syrup of Roses solutive, or of Violets.

We call them Compound Feavers, * 1.93 when divers Feavers are at once, In these the Cure chiefly altereth; For if two putrid Feavers, or three or two con∣tinual Feavers, or double intermitting or triple Fevers meet, being all of a kind and differing only in respect of the cause, in this that it is putrified in divers places, but in the same Vessels, and the fits come not the same daies. These are rather divers then Com∣pounded Fevers, and the Cure must be, as if there were but one, as in putrid intermitting and continual Fevers was said.

But if the Fevers be compounded of divers, which may be two waies, as when a putrid continual is joy∣ned with a putrid intermitting, or a putrid continual, or intermiting with a Hectick; when the causes are divers and meet together. Then the Cure must be directed to both, and it differs from the Cure of simple Fevers.

If a continual putrid be joyned to an intermitting in a Semi-tertian, * 1.94 of what kind soever it be, because the cause is double and the filth is in the hollow Vein and the Meseraicks also, and doth not only constantly perplex the Patient, but brings fits every other or third day, increasing the heat and Symptoms, we say it is very dangerous. Especially if there be swounding when the Fevers meet. There∣fore a Semi-tertian useth to turne into a Hectick, or leave a Dropsie behind it,

The Cure of a Semi-tertian, is as in other Fevers, first taking away the Excrements, and Bleeding and Concoction of both matters, by purging and provo∣king sweat and Urin, often: with things proper for the Humor, whether Choller, Flegm or Melancholly, which breed the Fever. All Physitians first give reme∣dies against the swounding, and Cordials which resist

Poyson and Pestilence. And we apply them inwardly and outward first of all.

And for the Fever we direct evacuations, preparing and altering Medicines agreeable to the constitution and the humor predominating, as the firs rise or abate: as we shewed in continual and intermitting severs; And if other accidents besides swounding do happen, we correct them as was there declared.

If a Hectick be joyned with the Fever that produced it, * 1.95 it wil not be a pure Synoch for that continueth but three or four daies, but a putrid con∣tinual, which we know by the con∣sumption of the body, or an intermit∣ting long Tertian, or Quartan, and then we perceive the Hectick, not only by leanness, but by a feverish Pulse after the fit. This makes us regard both. Thus,

When we concoct the matter and open obstructions we added somthings that resist the Hectick: As, Take syrup of Endive and Violets, of each an ounce; Endive and Purslane water, of each two ounces; with a little Diamarga∣ritum frigid: mix them.

Purge gently: Thus, Take Rhubarb a dram, in∣fuse it in Endive and Purslane water, strain it, add syrup of Roses solutive and Manna, each an ounce.

These praeperatives and purges, if the Fever require and the Hectick be not hurt thereby, are to be repea∣ted.

The altering means must moisten soundly, by reason of the great distemper in the Heart, therefore we let them drink freely. We grant to milk, by reason of the putrid Feaver and Head-ach, as Hippocrates teach∣eth, except out of the fit, we allow a little for custom sake.

In Juleps and Conserves and the like, we put moi∣stners mentioned in the Hectick to open obstructions and resist corruption in the Fever that is joyned there∣with.

At first before the Hectick comes when we fear it, we apply in the Feaver more moistning and cooling Epi∣thems to the Heart and Pulses, then ordinarily.

And we begin to use Baths sooner, especially in Quartans.

Allo accompanied Fevers, with other Diseases joy∣ned, whether they go before the Disease, or are Symp∣and follow after, have a different Cure. As they are joyned with Erysipelas, or Botches, or other hot Dis∣eases, or Meazels, or smal Pox, or Phthysick, or Ca∣checy, or evil habit, or other accidents. And we shall in order set down the cure of the six sorts of accompa∣nied Fevers.

If a putrid Synoch or Epheme∣ra be with an Erysipelas or Botch, * 1.96 it ends in respect of the Fever as a single Fever doth, nor is it more dangerous than that, but in respect of the humor. But it is most troublesome when it comes once a yeer with the Gout, as in old men which are most subject to it.

For whose cause in regard worse accidents are fear∣ed, as internal Inflammations, Pleurisies and Impost∣humes in the Lungs, we shal shew how to prevent ••nd eure if it be come.

We prevent this Synoch, if the blood abound, by hindering its increase; if it be hot, by tempering it; if thin, by thickning it; if impure by purging and clens∣ing it.

In full bodies we let blood spring and fall, and at other times to prevent.

And use scarification every month, and after cupping in the shoulders.

And we purge before and after Winter, and oftner if there be a foul body: but I have observed that violent purges have brought and not hinderd this Fever, by moving of the matter,

Tops of Hops, Fumitory, Elder buds, Senna, Epithymum and Polypody boyl'd in Whey is good to be drunk all the month of May in yong and strong people.

Or with this Apozem. Take Polipody three ounces, Senna an ounce and an half, Carthamus seeds an ounce, Thyme, Epithymum, each half an ounce; Tama∣rinds two ounces, Dock roots an ounce, Liquorish an ounce and an half, Succory roots two ounces, Violet, Endive, Let∣tice and Bugloss, each a handful; Prunes and Sebestens, each twenty pair; Raisons ten pair, Anise half an ounce, Cordial flowers a pugil, cold Seeds half an ounce: boyl them in a pint of the strained liquor, dissolve juyce of Roses and Bug∣loss, each an ounce; juyce of Apples three ounces, with Sugar and a little Cinnamon, make a Syrup, give an ounce by it self, or in Whey, or other Liquor.

Sharp waters drunk often for some weeks hath pre∣served many.

Instead of Spaw waters you may make a Drink to cool a hot Liver, and the blood and spirits.

It is good to sweat often in due season, for thereby the blood is purged from excrements, especially such as are thin. This must be done by Exercise, Stuphes, or Fomentations, and by things taken into the Sto∣mach.

Let the Diet be moderate in quantity. And beware of all things which easily inflame the Blood and Spi∣rits.

The Cure is directed partly to the Fever, partly to the Disease that accompanieth it. As for the Fever, because Nature from the beginning doth of her own ac∣cord send forth the Vapors which rise from the Inflam∣mation of the blood by transpiration or sweat, we must do the same in helping her, that so some part of the cause being taken away, little or none may be carried to the emunctuaries or pores, or other places internal which are worst. Wherefore since Nature in this Fe∣ver goeth about first to expel by sweat, which she doth later in a Synoch, let us at the first give things that cause sweat (but not very strong, least the body hot before be worse inflamed thereby) or that help, and make them sweat more freely.

Let the Patient be quiet and covered, and not ex∣posed to the cold Air, which hath been so dangerous to some, that many fear to apply a cold wet cloth out∣wardly, or to an Erysipelas.

Some advise plenty of Barley water to be drunk, and to boyl Lentiles therein, to send forth the matter, and to sweat, as in the small Pox. And if Nape and Citron seed be added, the Decoction wil cause more sweat.

Also the Decoction of Sorrel roots with burnt Harts∣horn and Lentiles husked, and Nape seed with a little Cinnamon provokes sweat.

And divers distilled waters, but here we make choyce of the most temperate in regard of the Fever, as that of the three colored Violet highly comended, also of Fu∣mitory, Carduus, Marygolds, Chervil, and such as are usually given in other Fevers, which begin in the same manner.

To these Waters we add Rob, or syrup of Elder, or of Danewort, or syrup of Ambrosia or Treacle. Also we refresh in the sweat, or after it especially; with a little Bread tosted and dipt in Water and white Wine, with a little Cinnamon and Sugar, and if you do so at first, they wil sweat the better.

Blood-letting is not so requisite here as in solitary Fevers, except there be fear of greater internal inflam∣mation, and a Plethory; for the sending of blood in∣to the Emunctuaries, and the extremities is not so much to be feared, that it should be stopt by letting blood.

The Belly must be loosned if bound, as in a solitary Synoch, and purged a little, if there be ill humors with Cassia or Manna.

And the Alterers must be given in, and applied out∣wardly, if the heat be great, as in a solitary.

And the Accidents corrected as there said.

As for the Botches, or Buboes, they somtimes va∣nish of themselves, without any application, except in the Neck, where they are kept from the Air with a cloth or a Fur. When they are ill ordered, they burn to an Imposthume, as we shewed.

As for Erysipel as, that departs presently after the Fe∣ver, but if it be hot and painful, asswage it, as shal be shewed. When it is ill cured, it turns to an Ulcer, and somtimes into a Gangrene. And therefore com∣monly they say, that if any Ulcer, or Tumor, or scurf, come after, it was caused from the evil curing or wet∣ting of the Erysipelas.

If a Synoch be joyned to a hot Disease or Inflammation, * 1.97 and their Accidents, and there is an outward Inflammation with a tu∣mor, Contusion, Wound, or Gun∣shot, that causeth a Fever, if it be small, little is given, but such as may be mixed with the medicines against the Tumors: as bleeding which is good for Revulsi∣on. And loosning of the Belly, and other altering Medicines used in other Feavers.

When there is internal Inflammations of the Lungs, * 1.98 or in a Pleurisie, or Perip∣neumony, or in the Liver, Spleen, or other parts, we direct our Medicines to the Inflamation, rather then to the Fe∣ver, which requires no such hast, as the Inflamation, and goes away with the Disease, except as I shewed in the causes, it springs again: Yet we so order the Inflamation that we in∣crease not the Feaver. And the Medicines are best, which are contrary to both.

Blood-letting is excellent in both, for it is the chief remedy in a Synoch, and it hinders Inflamation by drawing the blood from the Noble part. Therefore it must not be neglected, but let out freely and som∣times repeated.

It is good also against both Fever and Inflammati∣on to keep the Belly open with gentle Laxatives or Clysters. Strong Purges are Enemies to both, because they take away more of the cause, but inflame the bo∣dy, and stir up the blood to flow to the Inflammations and abate the strength which is here precious. And they are to be feared least they bring a Diarrhaea which is here dangerous and deadly. Therefore imitate not the Empericks in giving them.

Things that are given cold, though they are contra∣ry both to the Fever and the Inflammation, yet they must be given warily with regard to the part where the Inflammation is, lest they hurt one, when they profit the other. Although much cold water is good against a Synoch, yet it would hurt internal inflammations by a sudden repercussion, Therefore we give it prepared for that part, and in Diseases of the Breast we give Pe∣ctorals, and in Diseases of the Liver openers of Ob∣structions mixed therewith. And therefore sharp wa∣ters though they may do good in Fevers and many in∣ternal inflammations, yet we give them not in diseases of the breast, especially if they bind and are very sour. This rule is to be observed not only in ordinary Drink, but in Juleps, Syrups, and Conserves.

Remedies applied outwardly must be profitable for both, they must not increase Inflammation as Epi∣thems, though they are in all Fevers profitably applied to the Heart, yet in Inflammations of the Lungs, they wil do hurt.

The Diet which is thin for a Fever, is good in an In∣flammation, also while the matter slows, that while the hungry parts catch away blood for nourishment it may less come to the part affected.

But we have shewed at large in our Practice how to order internal Inflammations with a Fever, whether it went afore or followed them.

Fevers with Meazles or Small Pox which are Synochs, or putrid, * 1.99 malignant, or pestilenlial, are judged and cured according to their divers causes and the age of the Patient. These are less dan∣gerous when they come not from a malignant cause, and then they keep the same course with Synochs, So∣litary, Putrid, or not Putrid. But if there be a malig∣nant cause not pestilential, these Fevers alone hil not Infants, because Nature sends out the putrid malignant cause in the blood, by many pustles, outwardly, but if not, they are dangerous, especially if pustles be in the Jaws, Lungs, or Eyes. But in people of age, whether the Fever send forth Pustles or Spots, because the cause is alwaies malignant, and hath long lurked in the blood, never purged out, or not having the small Pox in their Infancy, it is dangerons, and it observe the course of malignant Fevers which are popular, or epi∣demical; though this is seldom. We Prognosticate by the Pustles, for if they come forth when signs of Con∣coction appear in the Urin, and the pulse is better, and the accidents of the Fever abated, it is a good sign, if otherwise, it is ill. If a pestilent Fever brings forth the Pustles rather than others, which is seldom seen, it is deadly: And we have shewed that many thousands of Infants have been so taken away.

The Cure is, when the Fever is come, and we suspect the pustles wil come forth, because it is ordinary in that place, or because they appear; we must help Na∣tures motion to expel them, and the rather when the cause is malignant, with the expulsive medicines men∣tioned, and order the Fever with Evacuations and Al∣terations, look to the strength, and correct the acci∣dents, Thus.

We give the expulsive medicines mentioned to ex∣pel from the Center to the circumference at the first, with respect to the cause, whether putrid, malignant, or pestilential, to yong, weaker; old, stronger; begin∣ning with the weakest means thus.

Take Figs dried twelve, Barley and Lentiles, each a pu∣gil; boyl and drink them.

Or, Take Lentiles and Barley, each a pugil; dried Figs twelve, Jujubes fifteen, Dates four, Raisons twenty pair, Li∣quorish half an ounce: boyl them, you may add Sugar and a little Saffron.

Or add to the same Fennel seed two drams, Quince seeds, Gum traganth and Gum lac, each a dram; Saffron half a dram: boyl them.

The Arabians make it thus. Take dried Figgs seven drams, Lentiles and Gum lac, each three drams: Gum tra∣ganth and Fennel seeds each two drams: boyl them to the third part.

If there be Obstructious and a foul body. Thus,

Take Grass and Asparagus and Fennel roots, each an ounce; Liquorish an ounce and an half, Sorrel and Maidenhair, each an handful; Cordial flowers a pugil, Figs twenty, Raysons stoned twelve pair, Fennel seeds a dram; boyl them, dis∣solve in a draught of it syrup of Citrons or Limons half an ounce, Mithridate a scruple, with waters of Sorrel and Ma∣rygold.

Also: Take Carduus seeds a dram, Nape seeds a scruple, Citron seeds half a scruple, Sorrel seeds half a dram, bruise them, and add Carduus, Sorrel and water of Pauls-Bet∣tony, each an ounce and an half: make an Emulsion, add syrup of Limons or Citrons an ounce, Harts horn burnt a scruple, Pearl half a scruple, Bole half a dram, Diamar∣gariton frigid half a scruple: make a Potion.

Or: Take Barley and Lentil water, and a dram of Sor∣rel seed, Grains of Paradice a scruple, Citron seeds half a dram: boyl them, add sealed Earth a scruple: give it.

Or give our Antidote in Pouder, if the heat be not great mentioned in the Cure of the Plague.

Or thus: Take roots of Mock chervil (which is never omitted, if it be to be had) two ounces, roots of Tormentil, white Dittany, each two drams; Cordial flowers a pugil, Sor∣rel a handful, Lentils half a handful, Earth of Lemnos a dram: boyl them in two pints of water, sweeten it with Sanders, and five ounces of Sugar, drink often.

Or this which makes the Pustles come forth speedily, Take Monckes Rhubarb, Tormentil, white Dittany and Grass roots, each an ounce; steep them in spring water, boyl them to the consuming of the third part, add Su∣gar four ounces, Vinegar an ounce, or juyce of Citrons an ounce, or an ounce and an half of the syrup thereof: drink it two or three daies.

If the Feaver be great: This, Take syrup of Citron, Vinegar or Limons with hoyled water or Sorrel water and Bole and Bezoar stone, drink it.

Anoynt the Back, to fetch out the Pustles, as some do the whol Body. Thus: Take Oyl of sweet Almonds an ounce and an half, Oyl of Chamomil half an ounce, the resumptive Oyntment an ounce.

Or use this Fomentation: Take Chamomil and Me∣lilot flowers, of each a pugil; Mallows a handful: boyl them.

Let the Patient be in bed, and keep from the Air.

Also Scarifications, with Cupping-glasses upon the Shoulders, fetch out the Pustles and Spots, when they appear.

And rubbing with a red cloath.

The vulgar think, the beholding red things, makes the Pustles red, and therefore cover them with scar∣let.

If the Fever be a Synoch it is good to bleed at the first to take out some of the inflamed putrid or malig∣nant Blood, and abate the Cause in Men and big Children, not in Infants. The Spanish Physitians taught by the Jews, did formerly and now also, with the French Physitians open Veins in Children in this Disease, but not when the Spots or Pustles do ap∣pear least natures motion be hindered.

If the Fever be very malignant, which bringeth forth these Pustles, or the Patient in years, give the fol∣lowing.

Loosen the Belly at first, before Blood-letting (if it must be) least the Excrements increase the heat, with a Clyster or Laxative.

Or give this Potion to Men and Children in a less quantity: Take Violets a pugil, Sebestens and Jujubes, of each ten, Tamarinds three drams, boyl them, and add Manna an ounce, Cassia ten drams.

Some men must have stronger purges, but take heed of a Fluz or Dysentery, and add alwaies somthing to resist Malignity.

As thus: Take Rhubarb four scruples, Spike half a scru∣ple, Scordium half a dram, yellow Myrobalans a dram and an half, infuse them in Sorrel and Carduus water: strain and dissolve syrup of Peach flowers and Roses with Senna, each an ounce.

Or: Take Tryphera persica six drams, Manna an ounce and an half, syrup of Limons an ounce, of Violets and Roses each an ounce; with Sorrel, Scabious and Carduus water: make a Potion.

Or these Pills: Take Aloes two scruples, Rheubarb a scruple, Myrobalans half a scruple, Agarick a scruple, with syrup of Sorrel: make Pills.

Or this Clyster: Take Mallows, Beets, Mercury, Sor∣rel, Bugloss, Borage, each a handful; Balm half a handful, Cordial flowers, Bran and Barley, each a pugil; boyl and strain them, add Tryphera persica an ounce, Cassia six drams Honey an ounce, Oyl of Violets three ounces, with a little Salt make a Clyster.

Use alterers to cool, and resist corruption, as in a continual putrid Fever and Malignant. It is not good to use cold things outwardly for fear of Repercussion, or striking in the matter,

Restore strength as there, with Lentils and Barley and give no Wine till the declination.

We have shewed else where how to order the Pustles.

If there be a Diarrhea or Flux in the begining, (for in the end it often cureth) by the venemous Humors in the Guts, you must mix the Troches of Spodium or burnt Ivory with expulsives.

The Cholick is abated, with Clysters or Oyl of sweet Almonds.

Vomiting is stopt with a crust of bread dipt in Vine∣gar, given and applied.

For the Syncope or Swouning: Take Pearl half a dram, Bole a dram, filings of Gold and Unicorns horne, each a scruple; Citron feeds half a dram, fragments of pre∣cious Stones, each a scruple; with Sugar, dissolved in Rose water: make Lozenges.

If the sleep be great and cause astonishment, expel it with Rubbbing, Ligatures or Binding and Cup∣ping.

With other Pustles, * 1.100 as a Car∣buncle not Pestilential, if there be a Synoch pure, or a putrid, or ma∣lignant, but not the Plague, we shal proceed in respect of the Fever, as formerly. Using things to expel the cause, laying upon the Carbun∣cle things that draw out venom, and then we open a Vein, loosen the Belly and strengthen the Heart in∣wardly and outwardly with coolers and resisters of venom, hold up the strength, and correct accidents, and Cure the Carbuncle, as was shewed. A lingring Symptomatical fever tur∣ned into a Hectick, * 1.101 as in the Phthy∣sick is usual, must be as a solitary He∣ctick. But if it be fixed and the Disease not gone that caused it, it is incurable. But if before it is a He∣ctick it hath little heat and smal accidents and is little alone regarded, but the whol cure is directed to the dis∣ease accompanying it, whose Symptoms are more ur∣gent, as shall be shewed, having an Eye to the Fever in other prescriptions for the Disease.

And we must take away no more not less blood, be∣cause there is a Fever.

But we purge in Cachecticks for the Fever with gen∣tle things that inflame not.

If the altering Medicines must be hotter for the Dis∣ease, we must cool them for the Fevers sake. And in a Consumption before the Hectick is confirmed, we may use things that moisten rather then violently cool.

If there be a Fever from retenti∣on of the After birth, * 1.102 a dead Child or congealed Blood, it is gentle and Symptomatical and to be cu∣red as the other: except there be an Inflammation and then it is to be cured, as a Fever with Inflam∣mation above mentioned.

CHAP. III. Of Head-Ach.

The Kinds.

THe internal pains of the Head, which reach not so outward, as to be increased by the touch, as the internal, are either unusual, or accustoined, or soli∣tary, or accompanied: Hence arise all the Kinds of them.

We call them unusual, which are new from lome fresh Cause, * 1.103 and which the patient never had before. This is call'd Cephalalgia or Soda by the Arabians. In this the Head either is pained in some distinct place, or here and there.

The last pain is called an indistinct or wandering pain, over all the Head: one while stretching it, as if it would tear it, which some think to abate by binding or pressing, another while it beats only in the Temples, * 1.104 som∣times it pricks only in the Ears, som∣times it is a heavy pain like a weight & this is call'd heaviness of the Head.

Somtimes the pain is distinctly in the fore part of the Head and Temples, or the right or left side or both or in the Fore-head or roots of the Eyes, as if they would fall out, the Eyes are red and the Temples beat with pricking, somtimes in the Ears, which are oftner in Cephalalgia: somtimes it is behind like a weight, but oftner in Women then Men, Somtimes in the Crown.

They are usual pains which are old or return upon smal occasions, they are on both sides, or in one side only.

When pain is on both sides of the Head, or the greatest part, * 1.105 it is called Cephalaea. In this the pain is continual, which ceaseth not, but is somtimes gentler and stronger othertimes. or intermitting or comming by fits: these are ordinate at certain daies, or weeks, morning, or evening, or in∣ordinate returning from any light Cause.

If the pain be in one side of the Head as if it were cleaved it is called Hemi∣crania; * 1.106 This begins from the beating of the Temples and goes to the Sagital or arrow like suture, dividing the Head long waies, and comes every third or fourth day: There is another sort which at a set hour every day for divers weeks torments the Pati∣ent with a pricking pain in some part of the Skul, with this I was vexed some weeks about my right Eye∣brow.

They are solitary Head-aches that come alone no disease going afore, as that of wine and drunkness, which begins after sottishness and amazment there∣from is past.

Those are called accompanied, which are joyned with other diseases: which they follow for the most part, and are Symptoms, as when the chief Symptom in a Fever is the Head-ach, and those Head-aches that accompany Melancholly and Falling-sickness. Or those which come from a Catarrh, before or behind with heaviness; Or that come in the Diseases of na∣tural parts, accompanied with divers other accidents, as Cachexy and suppression of Terms. Or when in the French Pox there is a Cephalaea that molesteth at night most, both inwardly and outwardly.

The Causes.

Head-ach must needs be, * 1.107 within the Skul, or in the meninges, or filmes, or in the brain it self; It may be in the meninges because they are sensible. And they being two, the one thick the other thin, and close joyned together and to the Vessels can carry the pain from what side soever it begins. So that it is hard to distinguish which of them is most affected, but by conjecture, as when the dis∣ease is in the outward thick Membrane, the pain must be outward by reason of the Pericranium joyned unto it. But if the inward thin filme be afflicted, the pain is deeper and in the Brain as it were. In both the pain may come to the roots of the Eyes, because the Balls of the Eyes have tunicles from the Membranes of the Brain. But in regard both the Tunicles are distinct with the Brain long waies in the middle of the Skul, it comes to pass, that if the discase be only on one side, only half the Head is pained, but if on both sides, the pain is on both sides, now in one, then in the other, as the cause is more or less.

Many assirm that there can be no pain in the sub∣stance of the Brain, because the substance of the brain is insensible: But we affirme that those parts of the brain, to which the tender film, or Meninx grows, which produceth the sensitive Nerves cannot be without sense, and that they may give occa∣sion of pain with the meninges by consent, and yet without hurt to the mind, this pain is stupefying rather then sensible. And in heaviness of Head I suppose that that pain or sence of weight before and behind, comes from the brain offended in the part from whence the Nerves and Marrow proceed.

The Disease which is in the meninges of the brain, or the sensible parts thereof, where the Nerves begin, which causeth Head-ach, is either manifest when a hot distemper inflames the parts or cold, when it plucketh them or solution of continuity, stretching or other∣wise hurting: Or it is a hidden quality which is offen∣sive to these parts. The helping Cause is the disposi∣tion of these parts to suffer. From which cause, if they be little, the Disease is less; if great, or more causes meet the Disease is greater.

A hot distemper is often the cause of Head-ach, * 1.108 for the Head (as I shal shew) easily is inflamed by reason of the plenty of spiritful blood, and is pained by a preternatural heat: And the rather when

there is a matter which raiseth the heat to stretch and disturb it. Or if there be an evil quality in them that offendeth the brain, as it is usually from a hot vapor or humor from blood and choler.

The Head being uppermost ea∣sily receives Vapors, * 1.109 especially thin. these heat and pul, and give occasion to Head-aches by con∣sent. This comes from outward scents, but it is rather the return of an old pain which was usual, than a new. And sometimes from things eaten, that with their Vapors strike the Head. These may cause new Head-aches if they fil the Brain, as in Drunkards who are pained in their Heads, from the thin hot vapors of the Wine, that heat and prick rather than stretch the Brain, by a force, as I shal shew, con∣trary to the Brain and Nerves. This pain comes af∣ter sleep from the stupifying or Narcotick quality of the Wine, and the heat remaining and continues till the Vapors are thrown out by Snorting. Vapors sent to the Head from hot, cholerick, and putrid humors in the Veins, cause the Head-aches in most Fevers; and out of Fevers they cause the fits of the Hemicrania or half Head-ach: And Choler in the Stomach sending Vapors, causeth Suffusions and Vertigoes or Giddiness and also Head-ach by consent.

Much spiritful Blood conteined in the large cavities and passages of the Brain, * 1.110 by stretching, or if it be hot by in∣flaming, it causeth a Dotage, or by heat, a Cephalalgia, or bloody Head-ach called Soda. This is Cholerick, Melancholick, or Flegmatick, as the blood abounding is thick or thin. This Blood comes into the Head, from a plethory in the Body, which is from divers causes. Or it is drawn thither by the heat of the Sun or Baths, Noyse, Cough∣ing, Stroaks, Falls, or great motion of the Body or Mind, and made hotter: Especially in hot Diseases, this is a Symptom, especially in Fevers in which the blood inflamed with the spirits in the Head, as it is al∣so in the great Veins. hence comes Head-ach in all Fevers, or from the Vapors, for in Fevers the Head is made hotter as wel as the body. We know when head∣ach comes from blood, from things foregoing, and from the beating pain, and redness of the Eyes, and other causes.

Also if such excrementitious Choler as comes pure from the Ears separate from the water, go to the Brain and Meninges, it makes a pricking, but it can scarse get thither without moisture, nor doth it then cause pain, because in the Jaundies, except other causes happen, there is no Head-ach.

A cold Distemper may cause head∣ach, * 1.111 as wel as pain in the Nerves, by binding and biting, and by its ad∣verse contrary quality to every sen∣sible part. This may come from flegmatick excrements of the Brain, cooling the mem∣branes and not the Brain (for then there would be sleep or astonishment) as in the Defluxion called Co∣ryza, there cometh somtimes actually cold water from the Nose, and then the pain of the Head ceaseth. Al∣so pain riseth from some external actual Cold, either because it astringeth, or is otherwise an Enemy to the Head; from the Air, or Wind, or cold things applied to the Head, these cause Head-ach if they pierce in∣ward. And a little cold external in such as are used to have the Head-ach and to keep their heads warm, if they stand bare wil cause the Head-ach, therefore they defend their Heads Caps and long Hair. And they who are offended easily with heat, take off their Hair, and say, that if it be long they perceive the head-ach to trouble them, as we have observed in old Men and bald-pated, who use to be night and day bare-headed: Also by accident, external Cold by driving the exter∣nal heat inward (especially when from a cold place one suddenly removes into a hot) may cause Head∣ach, rather by heating than cooling the Head.

Solution of Continuity manifest by external causes, as a stroak, * 1.112 or Wound, that pierceth to the Menin∣ges, make an inward Head-ach with an outward. But distension and twitching pains are caused by Vapors and hot humors, and flegmatick excrements a∣bounding in the Brain, cause the same; not so much by their plenty, as by their coldness and sharpness, which they have by corruption or saltness. And this Headach is joyned with a heat, and is before or behind, as the humor producing it, is in the fore or hinder cavity; and it is heavy like a weight, with stretching and twitching. And it is shorter when the excrements stay not, and longer when they do. and somtimes a Giddiness or Defluxion doth go before or accompany it. And the plenty of these excrements being waterish, thin, sharp, and hot (as we shewed in Coryza with Head-ach) flowing from the Eyes and Nose shew the cause. And we have seen abundance of these humors voided, not only at the Nose, but Ears, which have cured an old Ach.

Any quality that is an Enemy to the Membranes of the Brain will cause pain in them first, * 1.113 and then in the Head, either by a hidden force, or a manifest quality. As Narco∣ticks afflict the Brain with their evil quality being taken, and also cause pain of the Head when they which took them come to their senses, and it continues. And Drunkards are not so much hurt by the heat and vapor of the Wine, as by its evil quality. and after Beer we find Head-aches caused from the Hops, which are narcotick and stupefactive, by which quality we observe that Hops are destructive unto Flies. And we have often observed that Head-ach easily comes af∣ter the use of Opiates. And after the use of other things not narcotick, but otherwise offensive, as of Saffron, Smallage seed, not only much taken, but smelt to. Al∣so Head-ach, as other diseases of the Head may come from evil vapors or humors, as in melancholly and the like. And in infectious Diseases it may come from the Contagion, as in the French Pox where the quali∣ty doth not only outwardly torment the Periostium and Pericranium, causing outward pain, but the inward films or Meninges causing inward, which somtimes are both together. And the Plague or venemous quality hereof, or of any other poyson may cause Head-ach by its enmity to the Brain as wel as the Heart, and not by the heat of the Fever only, though both may be causes of this Head-ach together, as when a putrid Fever is joyned with a malignant.

When the disposition or disposition of the Head is to be pained, * 1.114 it comes from very small occations, & this dis∣positionis the cause of Cephalaea & He∣micrania. we cal this a patible or suffe∣ring disposition; but we know not how to explain it, un∣less we call it too much sensibility, or that which comes from the Parents Hereditary. Or unless it comes from an evil custom in such who have often been pained, or be a weakness which makes the Head more ready to

suffer such as is after long diseases of the head, wounds, or French Pox, caused by long and continual gathering of excrements in the Head.

Evil shape, called Mala conforma∣tio is somtimes cause of a continual Head-ach, * 1.115 as when the sutures or seams in the Skul (especally the Dart-like suture called Sagittalis) is so closed or defective, that there can be no transpration of vapors and sooty excreements. This may come from a preternatural rockey or hard constitution of the Skul in the Crown, as I have felt and seen often.

The Cure.

A hot Cephalalgia comes from a hot, * 1.116 cholerick, or sanguine va∣por, whether pure or impure, which overheats, striketh, and twit∣cheth the brain; and this comes from external or internal causes, of themselves, or by consent, in hot diseases of the Stomach or other parts as in Feavers especially. If it comes of it self by Blood flowing to the Head, it must presently be drawn away, and driven down, and the heat raised thereby allayed, and the pain asswaged, least it renew the flux, and the residue discussed and consumed. If it come by con∣sent from vapors sent up, the Cure is to be directed to the Disease of which this Head-ach is but a Symptom, and the cause of this symptom, especially the fuel from whence these vapors arise must be purged, and the va∣pors are to be stopped, and drawn from the Head and discussed. a cold Head-ach if it come from exter∣nal cold, either of it self departeth, or is cured by moderate heat by degrees easily. A flegmatick Head∣ach if new called Cephalalgia, Cephalaea, or old, called Hemicranaea, must be cured as other diseases arising from the excrements of the Brain, by general and par∣ticular evacuations of the Brain, and by altering and strengthening, and discussing the humors gathered, and fetching them forth by secret or manifest waies opened by Nature or Art. Head-ach from Narcoticks, espe∣cially Wine, or other things that are offensive to the Btain, or from malignant vapors is cured by evacuate∣ing these causes and suppressing their strength. If it be from the French Pox it is strong and not cured but by many and great Evacuations, as I shewed in those Dis∣eases of which Head-ach is a symptom. But we shall shew here what is to be done chiefly against this symp∣tom of pain by evacuations and altering medicines, proper to the several Kinds and Causes of Head∣ach.

Remedies to take away the Cause, are either to draw away the blood, and with that, humors and vapors from the part affected; or the heat; or the humors upward or downward by the Mouth or Nose, or by sweating, or particularly by the Skin of the Head.

Blood-letting when plenty and heat causeth Head∣ach is appointed to repell, or pull it from the place af∣fected, and to derive and direct it. We make Revul∣sion by opening the Veins remote from the Head, and this must be done at the first while the blood floweth to the part: And it wil also prevent an unaccustomed Headach in plethorick persons to bleed Spring and fall. either in the Arm, or Foot, or pained side, opening the Vein most apparent, or that called Cephalick or head∣vein in the Arm. or that in the great Toe proper a∣gainst the Head-ach called by the same name. In wo∣men open the Saphena, especially if the courses be stopt. In all which you must observe the quantity, in a pure plethory you must bleed more, in an impure less, with respect to the constitution of the Body. And if the Disease wil give leave, first loosen the Belly. we de∣rive the blood when much is flown to the part, by the Veins neer the Head: First opening a Vein for Re∣vulsion, after the Flux is stopped, and a new not fear∣ed. This may be done by opening the external jugu∣lar Veins in the Neck (as the Arabians teach and o∣thers that speak of the Cure of old Head-aches) but for the danger of stopping them, by reason of their largeness, and swelling from strong Ligature and Ex∣tension of Voice. And the rather, because when they bleed much, they cause Sterility or Batrenness as Hip∣pocrates saith. Therefore it is better, especially if the dis∣ease be in the Fore-head to open the Branches of the Veins in the Temples or Forehead; And because in the opening of them the Throat must be bound to make the veins appear and drive blood into the Head, it is better to open the Veins under the Tongue, which are branch∣es of the internal jugular in the Mouth. Or you may open other branches in the Nostrils. Or apply Hors∣leeches to the tip of the Nose, or behind the Ears, or upon the external jugulars.

Many commend the opening of an Artery when there is strong pulsation and heat, especially if there be a giddiness called Vertigo, which is done as we shewed in the Fore-head, Temples or behind the Ears.

Cupping-Glasses are used to supply the former, or after other bleeding to advance, because they draw blood, and if scarification be made, evacuate it. These are to be applied to the sides of the Neck, the Shoul∣ders, Arms, Hips and Buttocks, beginning above, and so going down, often the same day or the day follow∣ing. Scarrifying also afterwards if we wil make strong attraction. Also it is good to scarifie between the Thumb and fore-finger, especially in a Vertigo. or in the Wrists. some use it to the Ears.

By Frictions we attract the heat, which are good not only to draw away blood but humors and vapors which cause pain. These are made in the Arms, Back, and Feet, beginning above. It is good to comb the Head often, if it be done gently it causeth dissolving of humors, if strongly, attraction of humors to the superfi∣cies of the Head. This is best in old Head-aches, or in the declining of the other. Ligatures or binding of the extremities, revel more powerfully than frictions or rubbing. Also washing of the body with a hot Decocti∣on of Herbs good for the Head, draws humors and Vapors from the Head, And asswageth pain as we shal shew.

Glysters are good, and usually afore bleeding, be∣cause they supple the belly and take away excrements. and after also, to draw down blood, spirits, and vapors; if they be sharp, and well applied. And in constant heat they must be given often, the belly being bound, for the Disease comes or is increased by excrements re∣tained, which send up vapors.

In a hot cause, especially Fevers, use this. Take Mallows, Violets, Marsh-mallows, Beets, Mercury, red Cole∣worts (which besides their pricking resist Vapors and Drunkenness) each a bandful; Bettony (proper for the Liver) half a handful, Violets a pugil, Chamaemel flowers half a pugil, Barley, Bran, each a pugil; cold seeds half an ounce, Fennel seed a dram: boyl and add Honey of Vio∣lets and red Sugar, each an ounce; Juyce of Beets or Mercu∣ry an ounce and an half, Cassia an ounce, Oyl of Violets two ounces, Butter an ounce: with Salt make a Clyster.

In other Causes, especially old pains; Take Lilly roots two ounces, the Emollients, Beets or Mercury, red Colt∣worts,

Pellitory of the Wall, Bettony, Sage, Hysop, each a handful, flowers of Chamomil, Lavender or Staechas, Rose∣mary and Bran, each a pugil; Figs ten, Annis and Fen∣nel seeds, each a dram; boyl them, and add Hiera prica and Diaphaenicon, each two drams; red Sugar and Honey of Rosemary, each an ounce and an half; juyce of Mercury or Beets an ounce, Oyl of Chamomil and Lillies, of each an ounce and an half; with a little Salt: make a Cly∣ster.

If the pain come from Humors or Vapors from them or evil quality in them, or if the uncleaness of the Body increase or nourish it, we give divers purges such as are for other Diseases of the Head, coming from the same cause, differing in respect of the cause and consti∣tution; when the cause or nature is hot, we use gentle and moderate, but in others stronger and hotter, re∣specting the Head in all: giving before them Cly∣sters: or letting blood, preparing the Humor first if need be. And we purge often, if the cause require, as in the Head-ach from the French Pox. Thus,

In Cholerick Body we prepare before purging: Thus, Take Syrup of Endive two ounces, syrup of Violets and Sor∣rel, each an ounce; Succory and Bugloss water, each four ounces; Vervaine water (which is proper for the Head) two ounces, and Bettony water an ounce, give it at thrice, and a Tablet of Diarrhodon after every draught.

In Melancholly, thus: Take syrup of both Bugloses, each an ounce and an half; syrup of Harts-tongue and Epithymum, of each an ounce; Bugloss, Vervain, Balm and Bettony water, each two ounces: take it as the o∣ther.

In flegmatick and old pains, where the heat is not great: Take Honey of Roses, Oxymel simple and syrup of Maiden hair, each an ounce and an half; syrup of Hysop and Staechas, each an ounce, Marjoram, Bettony, Vervain, Balme, Hysop and Sage water, each as much as is fit, give it as the other with a Tablet of Diamoschum after every draught.

Or this Decoction: Take Fennel roots two ounces, the true Acorus or Calamus an ounce, Liquorish an ounce and an half, Bettony, Marjoram, Sage, Vervain, each an hand∣ful; Lavender, Staechas and Rosemary flowers, each a pugil; Annis and Fennel seeds, each a dram; Raysons stoned two ounces: boyl them, and add Honey, then clense it, and add Nut-meg and Sugar, give it three or four mor∣nings.

As for purges, if the pain come from a hot humor, blood or choller, they are as we shewed in Fevers and other hot diseases that cause Head-ach.

Or thus: Take Cassia, Tamarinds, Prunes, of each half an ounce, take it with Sugar or Whey.

Or thus: Take Cassia six drams, Electuary of juyce of Roses two drams, Diaprunis a dram, syrup of Roses an ounce and an half, with Bugloss and Rose water: make a Po∣tion.

Or give this Decoction: Take Beet roots green an ounce, Dock roots half an ounce, Violets two drams, Bugloss flowers a dram, (if fresh two drams,) Cold seeds, of each two drams; Annis seeds a dram, Prunes and Tamarinds, each six pair; Polypody six drams, Senna half an ounce: boyl them, and to one Dose, add syrup of Roses an ounce, or six drams of the infusion of Rhubarb, this may be repea∣ted often.

Or this infusion: Take Rhubarb four scruples, yellow Myrobalans two drams, Spike half a scruple, bruise them and sprinckle them with a little Wormwood Wine till they are soft, then infuse them in Whey or Endive and Vervain water, strain them, and add Diaprunis two drams, syrup of Violets an ounce: give it.

We use this Apozem often in Cholerick persons, which tempereth the Humor. Take roots of Succory, Bugloss, Beets, each an ounce; Endive, Succory, Borage, each a handful; Mercury half a handful, Cordial flowers, each a pugil; four great cold seeds, each two drams; Purslane, Let∣tice and Annis seeds, each a dram; red Pease a pugil, Ray∣sons stoned and Tamarinds, of each an ounce and an half; Prunes twelve, Sebestens ten pair, Polypody two ounces, Senna an ounce and an half, Carthamus seeds an ounce, boyl them and add juyce of Roses two ounces, Manna an ounce, with Sugar and Cinnamon: make an Apozem for three mor∣nings.

If he had rather have Pills use those of Assajereth, which are good for Head-ach coming from the Sto∣mach, or Aggregative, or sine Quibus, a dram of ei∣ther.

In Melancholick persons, when the cause is not so hot, purge as in other Diseases of the Head caused by Melancholly. Or thus: Take Catholicon half an ounce, Diaphaenicon two drams, Hamech a dram, take it with Sugar, or an ounce of syrup Fumitory, or with Whey, or Cock broath.

Or use this Decoction: Take Bugloss roots an ounce, bark of Tamarisk half an ounce, Bugloss and Scabious flo∣wers, each a pugil; Staechas, french Lavender half a pugil, Melon seeds a dram and an half, Raysons stoned an ounce, Prunes ten, Dates five, Polypody six drams, Senna half an ounce, tops of Time two drams, boyl and infuse them, Indian and chebs Myrobalans, each a dram; strain them, and add syrup of Roses and Peach flowers, each half an ounce with Sugar and Nutmeg: make a Potion, repeat it if need be.

Mesues syrup of Apples made with black Hellebore, or that with white Hellebore corrected by Rondeletius is good, an ounce and an half given alone or with con∣venient Liquor.

Or this: Take the opening roots steep'd in white Wine Vinegar, barks of Capars and Tamarisk, each six drams; Liquorish an ounce, Bugloss with the roots, Fumitory, tops of Hops, Eupatorium, by Mesues, called Ageratum, Maiden∣hair, Cetrach, Germander, Ground-pine, each a handful; Balm and Elder, each half a handful; Cordial flowers and Tamarisk, each a pugil; Staechas and Chamomil flowers, each half a handful; Fennel and Annis seeds, each two drams; Parsley and Dodder seed, each a dram; Raysons stoned an ounce and an half, Figs and Prunes, each ten pair, Dates six, Polypody two ounces, Carthamus seeds an ounce, Senna an ounce and an half, tops of Time and Epithymum, each half an ounce; white Hellebore a dram or more, Schae∣nanth two drams: boyl them, and add of Myrobalans a dram and half, add to the straining, juyce of sweet Apples half a pint, with Sugar, make an Apozem for three or four Doses, or boyl it to a Syrup.

Or these Pills: Take Pill Indy two scruples, Aggrega∣tive half a dram, with juyce of Fumitory or Balm water, make Pills.

Or these: Take species Hiera without Saffron, a dram and an half, extract of Polypody, and all the Myrobalanes, each two scruples; Hellebore and Scammony, each a scruple; Lapis Lazuly prepared half a dram, Oyl of Lavender flowers three drops with syrup of Fumitory, make a Mass, give it from half a dram to a dram.

If a Cephalalgia, or a long Cephalaea, or Hemicrania, come from flegm or waterish humors, they must be purged as other Diseases of the Head mentioned.

Give Pills of Hiera or Allephanginae often, which are good when vapors from the Stomach offend the Head, or stronger, as Cochy, stinking Pills called Faetidae, or more temperate, as of Sarcocol or Agarick.

Or these: Take species of Hiera picra two drams, Aga∣rick, Turbith, each a dram; Troches of Alhandal, Diagri∣dium,

Nut-meg, each half a dram; Ginger a scruple, Sal gem half a scruple, Mastick half a dram, Oyl of Cloves and Lavender flowers, each two drops; with syrup of Staechas, make a Mass, give two scruples, and repeat them in old Head-aches, and add Pills Cochiaee, if they work not enough.

Or this Pouder: Take Turbith two scruples, Diagry∣dium three grains, Tartar of white Wine, Gingar and La∣vender flowers, of each a scruple; with Sugar give it in broath.

Or this of Dr. Ruland called Pulvis Diatartar, it is very pleasant: Take Senna six drams, Crystal of Tartar an ounce, Fennel and Annis seeds, each a dram; Cinnamon half a dram, Sugar of Roses a dram and an half or two drams, make fine Pouder, give a spoonful or more at a time often.

Or give Tablets of Diacarthamum or Diaphaeni∣con.

Or this Potion: Take Liquorish six drams, Calamus Aromaticus half an ounce, Hysop and Marjoram, each half an handful; Staechas and Rosemary flowers, each a pugil; Figs five pair, Dates three, Annis and Fennel seeds, each a dram; Senna two drams, Carthamus seeds three drams, boyl them, and infuse Agarick a dram, Ginger a scruple, strain them, and dissolve Diaphaenicon and Electuary Indy each a dram, make a Potion.

Or this Apozem: Take Liquorish an ounce and an half, Parsley and Grass roots, each an ounce; Acorus, Orris and Galangal, each half an ounce; Bettony, Sage, Marjo∣ram, Hysop, Vervam nnd Maiden hair, each a handful; Rosemary, Staechas, Lavender, Bugloss flowers, each a pugil; Fennel and Annis seeds, of each two drams; Parsley, Carua and Seseli seeds, each a dram; Piony seeds a dram and an half, Raysons stoned twelve pair, Figs eight pair, Dates five pair, sweet Prunes eight, Polypody two ounces, Senna and Carthamus seeds, each an ounce and an half; Agarick half an ounce, Turbith three drams, boyl them, and add Ho∣ney as much as is fit, Cinnamon two drams, Ginger a dram, Cubebs and Nutmeg, each two drams; make an Apozem for three or four Doses, or a syrup if you please.

There are things purge the Head by the Nose and Mouth, good when flegm abounds. And these are best when the Humor was wont to pass that way and is stopped. Also they are good in Choller and Melan∣cholly pains, but they must be used after other Eva∣cuations. Those that cause Neesing, cause heaviness of Head somtimes: if the Head-ach be from vapors, they presently take it away, as it doth from drunkards, whom it comes upon and takes away Head-ach. They are thus made, as in other Head diseases.

A Masticatory to chew: Take Mastick half an ounce, Angelica seeds and Nutmeg, each a scruple: mix them with Wax or chew them in a clour.

A stronger: Take Mastick two drams, Staphisager and Pellitory roots, each a dram; long Pepper, Cubebs and Nut∣meg, each a scruple, make Pouder, and with Wax, make forms to be chewed.

A Gargarism: Take Orris, Capper and Pellitory roots, each half an ounce; roots of masterwort two drams, Hysop, Organ, Sage, Time, each a handful, Staechas and Rosemary flowers, each a pugil; Mustard seed half an ounce, Nettle seed an ounce, Nutmeg two drams, boyl them in Wine and Water, in a pint and half strained, dissolve Oxymel of Squils two ounces.

An Errhine to snuffe up: Take juyce of Marjoram an ounce and an half, juyce of Brooklime, Beets and Vinegar of Squils, each an ounce; Manna half an ounce.

Or this Liniment for the Nostrils: Take Scammony a dram, Gith seeds, Pellitory and Sowbread roots, each a scruple; Gall of any Fish five drops, Oxymel of Squils: make an Oyntment.

Or put in this Pessary to the Nose: Take the Me∣dicine last aforesaid, add Orobus flowers to thicken it, or bruised Marjoram, or a Beet root, the inward being taken off, or if you will neese the inward part of Hellebore, like pith, or the Pouder of it.

It is most convenient to give a Vomit, when Head∣ach comes from vapors, rising from the Stomach, as in drunkness, for it presently takes away the Cause. Therefore if nature doth not of herself, give a vomit, as we shewed in other diseases of the Head, Giddiness and Drunkenness. But in other cases, when the Head suffereth from its self, it is not good to vomit rashly, while the Head akes violently. Because by the strong motion and straining to vomit the Head will be shaken and blood spirits and humors sent to it, which will in∣crease the pain. But a vomit may somtimes be allo∣wed out of the fit to hinder increase of Excrements.

Sweating is good when Head-ach comes from wa∣tery Excrements after general purging, because the Ex∣crements are drawn forth thereby, therefore in old Cephalaeas and in those pains from the French Pox they are given, to Cure the disease and Symptom, by way of Decoction with slender Diet, for some time, as we shall shew. But it is not good in a hot cause or Cepha∣lalgia, because sweat cannot be raised without great heat which will increase pain.

In the extremity of Head-ach, the last remedy is to Evacuate by the Skin of the Head (for so the whol bo∣dy may be cleansed) by applying things thereto, that make great Evacuations, (those that purge only the remainder shall be mentioned in the altering Medi∣cines. But these are good in old disperate Head-achs to draw the Excrements from the Membranes of the Brain and let them out. These are very hot attracters of humors that consume them also. Lixivium or Lie and Oyntments: and Cupping-glasses or things that inflame, or make the Head red, or burning Vesicato∣ries that blister: or Cauteries that cause an Eschar act∣ually or potentially. They are applied behind in the Neck, such as we mentioned in other diseases of the Head.

Cutting or Trepanning in the Head, that is, taking out a peice of the Skul, to make way for the humor, is also a last remedy for old and desperate Head∣aches.

Medicines to alter are given, as in other diseases of the Head, according to the humor predominating cold or hot, and strengthening, and that beat down vapors if the pain come from the stomach, and allay Choller. These are given in Diet as well as Medicine.

First take heed of things that by scent hurt the Head, as Wine, Mustard seed and the like, which in a Flegma∣tick case, would be good, and Wine also, which che∣risheth the Head and Cures the hurt it caused, hence the drunkards take a Hair with the old Dog, and till they drink Wine again are not well, or eat with it to repress vapors. And Milk although being corrupted it causeth Head-ach, yet thus drunk it abates it.

We are somtimes urged to give Stupefactives in great pain of the Head, especially if they cannot sleep and in a hot distemper. As syrup of Poppies or other gentle Narcoticks, as Pouder Diapapaveris. In other cases we give not Narcoticks, or sleeping Medicines, because as we shewed, when their strength is spent, they leave a Head-ach behind them, except well corrected, as Treacle or Mithtidate, or Diacodium, or Requies Galeni, but in a very smal quantity; All this may be also done by a large drinking of strong Wine which hath also a Narcotick quality.

The Remedies to be applied outwardly are of three

sorts, Coolers, Anodynes or Removers of Pain, or Healers. If it come from a hot cause, or Cephalalgia, give Coolers, and at first Binders, when the flowing of blood is to the Head, or is feared. and after mix moi∣stening things therewith to abate the heat. Anodynes which with moderate heat not too dry cherish the part, or by causing sleep or astonishment, keep the pain from being felt; when the pain is great and at the first, to hinder the Defluxion may be given, not so wel alone, as with cold mixture. Hot things which dry and dis∣cuss humors and thin vapors, may be given in the de∣clining of a hot Head-ach to take away the remainder, and fix the weakned part, first mixed with the aforesaid, then alone. With these the Head is washed from an high, or Stuphes, or Clouts, or Spunges are put there∣in, and applied to the Fore-head and Temples, or the parts anoynted therewith, or they are applied in Bags, or Caps, wet or dry, as followeth.

When we wil cool and repell together, we apply Vinegar of Roses thus. Take Rose water four onnces, Rose-vinegar two ounces, Oyl of Roses an ounce: mix them, if you wil astringe more, add more Vinegar.

It is better, Thus with Juyces. Take Rose water three ounces, Rose-vinegar an ounce, juyce of Osiers and Plantane, ••••ch an ounce; with the white of an Egg to make the moi∣sture stick longer. if it come from Drunkenness, add juyce of Ivy. apply it.

Or use this Decoction more repelling and cooling. Take Plantane and Osier leaves, Vine and Nightshade, each a handful; boyl them, to six ounces strained, add juyce of Plantane and Housleek each an ounce an half; Vinegar of Roses an ounce: mix them.

Anoynt the Fore-head and Temples with repelling Oyntments as the Cerote or white Oyntment of Galen or that of Roses.

Or, Take Oyl of Roses, juyce of Osiers, Vinegar of Roses, whites of Eggs, each equal parts: beat them a good while and apply them.

Or this. Take Oyl of Myrtles two ounces, of Roses one ounce, juyce of sour Pomegranates, Vinegar of Roses, each an ounce; Oyl of Olives a dram, Myrtle, Barberry and Co∣riander seed, each half a dram; with Turpentine of the Larch tree: beat them, apply it as the other.

Or this Emplaster. Take juyce of Willow and Vine leaves, or of Plantane in the winter and Housleek each an an ounce and an half; Vinegar an ounce, with Line seed flour, and the white of an Eg, make two Plasters for both the Temples.

Galen makes a Frontal or Plaster for the Fore-head of red Roses steept in Wine, which is red and astrin∣gent, or in Vinegar.

Fresh and green Vine leaves and Willows applied do the same, and better if beaten or bruised or steept as the Roses.

If you wil repel and ease pain also. Take Rose water three ounces, Plantane water two ounces, juyce of Willows, or Plantane an ounce and an half, Vinegar and Poppy flowers, two ounces, Oyl of Roses and Violets, each six drams; whites of Egs and Mucilage of Fleabane seed, each an ounce: beat them wel.

Or use this Cap or Frontal. Take red Roses two drams Violets and Water-lillies, each a dram; Coriander seed two drams, Myrrle seed a dram, rinds of Mandrakes half a dram, red Sanders a dram and an half, red Coral a dram: make a Pouder.

To Cool and Moisten, we use this. Take Lettice, Water-lillies and Nightshade water, each two ounces; Vine∣negar of Roses (to pierce and repel) half an ounce: ap∣ply it to the Head.

Apply Nightshade also and Purslane bruised.

If you intend to allay pain at the same time. Take Lettice and Nightshade water, each two ounces; the mucilage of Marshmallows and Mallow seeds, each half an ounce; Camphire half a scruple: mix them.

Or this Decoction. Take Marshmallow roots, Lettice and Nightshade, each a handful; Housleek half a handful, Roses, Violets, and Water-lillies, each a pugil; Barley half a pugil, Line seed half an ounce: boyl them in Water.

Or this Epithem to asswage pain. Take Rose water two ounces, Henbane water an ounce, Vinegar half an ounce, the Emulsion of fifteen Peach kernels made with the Liquors mentioned, Oyl of Roses half an ounce.

Or anoynt with this Anodynd. Take Oyl of Roses and Violets, each an ounce; Oyl of Poppy seeds, Lettice and Chamaemel, each half an ounce; Vinegar of Roses two drams, Milk an ounce and an half, mix them with the white of an Egg.

This is stronger. Take Oyl of Violets and Roses, each an ounce and an half; Oyl of Poppy seeds half an ounce, juyce of Housleek and Nightshade, each an ounce; Vinegar half an ounce: boyl them till the juyce is consumed, add white and red Sanders rinds of Mandrakes, each half a dram; Lettice and Purslane seed, each a dram; the Mucilage of Fleabane seed an ounce, Camphire dissolved in a little Aqua vitae a scruple: with Wax make an Oyntment.

Populeon is a good Oyntment against pain.

Or this Cataplasm. Take Peach kernels and sweet Al∣monds, each two ounces; beat them, add Starch an ounce, meal of Fleabane seed half an ounce, Henbane seeds two drams, Oyl of Roses and Violets, each an ounce; with Milk make a Cataplasm.

These following are only against pain.

An Anodine Epithem. Milk warm from the Cow, with white of an Egg and any Mucilage, beat them wel and apply.

Or this Decoction. Take the broth of a Sheep or Calfs head, and boyl in it Mallows a handful, Chamaemel flowers a pugil, Lineseed an ounce and an half, Fleabane and white Poppy seed, each half an ounce; boyl and apply them.

Or these Liniments which may be also dropt into the Ears. Take Oyl of Violets and Willows, each half an ounce; Oyl of Poppy seeds two drams, anoynt the Forehead and Temples.

Another. Take Oyl of Apple-bearing Nightshade an ounce, mucilage of Fleabaneseed, cream of Milk half an ounce, mix them.

Of Opium these. Take Aqua vitae an ounce, Opium a scruple, Saffron half a scruple: make a Liniment for the Temples by gentle boyling.

Or thus. Take cream of Milk an ounce, Opium half a dram, Saffron six grains, burnt Ivory and Starch each a dram; mix them, and anoynt, or add Oyl of Violets or Water-lillies.

The leaves of Henbane, Mandrakes and Poppies applied to the Head, take away pain by stupefaction, especial∣ly if first bruised. Some roast Henbane in the Embers in a Clout and apply it. But Rondoletius saith it will cause Madness.

If we wil discuss, and add Coolers and Anodynes, use these. Take Marshmallow roots an ounce, of Willow, Plantane, Bettony, each a handful; flowers of Chamaemel, Elder and Dill, each half a pugil; Senna three drams, Dill seed two drams: boyl them in Wine and Water.

Or this Plaster that discusseth a little. Take Violets, and Water-lillies, each half a pugil; white Poppy and Let∣tice seed a dram: pouder them, and add Barley meal an ounce, with Vinegar make a Plaster,

Some make Frontals of the Conserves of Violets and Wa∣ter-lillies with other things.

Or thus. Take Roses, Violets, Dill, Chamomel flowers, each a pugil; Juniper berries half a pugil: boyl them in Milk, beat them, add Bean flour an ounce, flour of white Poppy seed two drams, Lettice seed a dram, Oyl of Roses and Chamomel, each an ounce and an half: make a Fron∣ral.

Dill any waies applied to the Head discusseth, takes away pain, and causeth sleep.

This discusseth more. Take Oyl of Dill an ounce, Oyl of Lillies and Wall-flowers, each half an ounce; juyce of Vervain an ounce, the infusion of Marygold flowers in Aqua vitae half an ounce; boyl away the Juyces, add Capons grease an ounce, and with a little Wax make a Lini∣ment.

Chiefly the Oyntment of Alablaster discusseth, and is good in all Head-aches without a Fever, whether they be of themselves or from some other part by con∣sent, Thus made. Take juyce of sweet Chamomil four ounces, juyce of Roses and Marshmallow roots, each two oun∣ces; juyce of Rue and Bettony, each an ounce and an half; Sallet Oyl a pint and an half, the sinest sifted Alablaster three ounces: steep, and then boyl them, and with Wax make an Oyntment: to which some add Bramble berries, whites of Egs, and Rue, and the juyce of Vervain.

The Oyntment of Dialthaea is also good.

And the Plaster of Frogs or of Vigo applied to the shaved head is good if continued.

This Pouder for a Cap doth asswage pain and dis∣cuss. Take Coriander seed prepared three drams, Dill seed two drams, Lettice seed, Couchineel, red Roses and Dill, each a dram, all the Sanders half a dram, Nutmeg two scruples: make a Pouder.

Another that discusseth and strengtheneth. Take Co∣riander seeds prepared half an ounce, Dill seed a dram and an half, Chamomel, Melilot, Dill, Lavendar flowers, each a dram, Marjoram, Balm, Rosemary flowers, each half a dram, yellow Sanders a dram, Cloves half a dram.

These Amulets to hang about the body are thought proper, as a wreath or Garland of Vervain.

Or Ivy upon a Drunkards head, or a Snakes Skin, or the stone Ophites.

Some things are snuffed into the Nose to alter, as Sweets not too strong, as Camphire dissolved in Vinegar and Rose water, and smel too.

Or thus. Take Camphire half a dram, Oyl of Storax a dram and an half, which Dioscorides commends, mix them: with a little Labdanum, make a Ball to smell too.

Or thus. Take red Roses and Violets, each a dram; Dill and Chamomel flowers, each half a dram, Coriander seeds prepared a dram, Lettice seed half a dram, all the San∣ders a scruple: with Camphire half a scruple, make a Pou∣der, tie it in a Clout, and dip it in Rose water and Vinegar to smel to.

Or take the Fume of this Decoction hot. Take Willows, Nightshade, Lettice, each a handful; flowers of Roses, Violets, Dill, Water-lillies, Melilot, each a pugil; Lettice seed two drams, Poppy seed a dram, Basil seed half a dram: boyl them, and add Vinegar and Water of Roses.

Or snuff up Vinegar and Rose water.

Or stupefie with this Oyntment. Take Oyl of Wa∣ter Lillies an ounce, Opium and Camphire each six grains.

This is good to be dropt into the Ears also, and the other cooling Anodine (and hot Oyntments mentio∣ned when you wil discuss) And you may mix a little Oyl of Safiron, and Oyl of Dill, and drop it into the Ears.

Washing and stroaking downward, divert from the Head, cause sleep, and abate pain, and if the Head-ach be hot, do cool it. It is made with leaves of Willows' Lettice, Violets, Briony water, Lillies, with Mallows and Chamomel flowers, with Head herbs, as Bettony, Calaminth, Southernwood, and somtimes Narcoticks, as the heads of Poppies boyled in Water with a little Wine or Capital Lee.

Also it is good to wash the Face with Rose water and Vinegar.

Head-ach coming from the ill shape of the Head, * 1.117 as absence of a suture, as the Arrow-suture or rocky constitution of the Skull about that suture or seam called Sagital is in∣curarable, and if you will attempt by reason of the great pain, use the Trepan to take out a piece of the Skul there.

CHAP. IV. Of Pain in the Eyes.

The Kinds,

WE comprehend under the name of Pain in the Eyes; all Diseases in the balls and corners of the Eyes, and in the inside of the Eyelids, and we leave other pains outwardly in the Eybrows to another place. When pain is in the said parts it either hath no other ac∣cident, or is with other accidents, as chiefly Redness, Tumor, or Inflammation in the Eye or great corner, or there is a bladder in the Eye, or unevenness in the Eye∣lids, or a corroding or excoriation, or ulcer, or wound in the Eye or Eyelids. These kinds of pain are accord∣ing to their accidents.

Itching in sound people coming from Wind or Watching, * 1.118 wil cause redness if it be rubbed. Also Prick∣ings are in the Eye alone without any other hurt, or with a Head-ach called Cephalalgia, where the pain comes to the roots of the Eyes. Also some have a twitching pain in their Eyes after sleep, before their Eyes are well opened, which hinders the motion of the Eyes.

When the pain is with Redness and without Tumor or Inflammation, * 1.119 it is called a false Ophthalmy, and it is red all over, or in part, or in the inside only of the Eylids Blood-shot, but the veins are not so swel∣led as in a true Ophthalmy; nor is there so great burning, but a cutting pain, or itching in the corners or the ed∣ges of the Eybrows, and it called Xenophthalmia. * 1.120 In this the Eyes are commonly moist, and the tears are first thin, and then thick. If they flow many and cause another Disease, it is called Epiphora, * 1.121 espe∣cially if pain be in the Eylids, or Taraxis or moist Blear-eyedness, in which at length is thick matter, and the corners are foul, and the Eyelids cling together, especially in sleep, and they cannot be opened til they are clensed. And there is sand in the corners, and it is called the Sclerophthalmy. * 1.122 Sometimes the Eyelids swell outwardly, and fall and rise. When the Eyes are red

and dry it is called Xerophthalmy and is either new or of long continuance, * 1.123 especially an Epiphory in which the Ey-lids are only red and wet and the Eye little offended. This is usual in old men and drun∣kards, and scarse to be cured in them, nor is it troubl∣some except it increase and bring another infirmity by Itching and shooting, these are called Lippi or blear-eyed. If Eyes be red and hotter only then ordinary, without pain, as when the body is hot it fall often out we shall speak of that in Deformity, by reason of the ill-favored sight of the Ey-lids turned out.

It is called a true Ophthalmy, when it is with a Tumor and redness, * 1.124 over all the white, and the Veins appear: when the Tumor is great tis called Chymosis. I have known it as big as my fist. In a true Ophthalmy there is great burning, * 1.125 so that the Eyes cannot be opened, but a true inflammation is seldom in the Eye∣lids.

Agilops is in the great corner of the Eye with tumor and redness, * 1.126 and pain of the Head, Temples and parts adjacent, and beating in the Eye. In this there is a red push in the middle, and a pricking pain, and I have seen their Ey-lids and Cheek inflamed therewith.

When there is a bladder or blister in the white of the Eye, * 1.127 it is red, and the part round about it. And if it be in the black of the Eye, it is not painful, but clear and shining called Phlyctaena. And there are o∣ther filmes and spots of that part that rather hinder the sight then cause pain.

Somtimes there is a sense of roughness in the side of the Ey-lids, * 1.128 especially when they are moved, and then there is com∣commonly somewhat in the Eye, and though it be out again, yet the roughness remaines.

Somtimes in the corners of the Eyes there is a cutting and itching pain with Excoriati∣on and sense of roughness. * 1.129 Dioscorides menti∣ons it, it is often in the side of the Ey-lids, and there is a scab and it is called Pso∣rophthalmia, * 1.130 but some call it a dry blearing, or Lippitude, or Xerophthal∣mia

There is often a pricking and itching pain in the great corner of the Eye, * 1.131 af∣ter an Egilops turned into an impo∣stum and broken. Hence comes a simple Ulcer, * 1.132 that hath concocted matter, or a creeping and malignant called Phagedaenicum, and the matter is somtimes Concocted and somtimes crude, somtimes it eats through the lower Ey-lid, and makes a Tumor in the Skin, which being broken, there is an Ulcer there also ful of the same matter. And when it enlarged, it is a Fistula called Lacrymalis or weeping. In this stinking matter flows through the next Nostril, * 1.133 and tears are still in the Eyes. Somtimes the little flesh of that Eye be∣ing consumed by the long malignity of the Ulcer, there is a little hole in the bone that weeps perpetually, and I have seen some of that thin bone with stinking matter fall forth. Of this we shall speak in deformity.

There is somtimes a pain in the bal of the Eye with an Ulcer, * 1.134 either superfi∣cial blood red and inflamed, or deep following Inflammations, that were Im∣postums, * 1.135 this because it is filthy and mat∣tery, is called Epicauma, and if the Lips be hard it is called Condyloma. This hea∣led leaves a scar, and when it gets into the hollow of the Eye, it causeth the humors to fal out somtimes, within four daies after the Inflamation, and we have seen the Crystalline humor upon a mans beard.

If there be a prick or cut in the Eye there is pain, with redness, * 1.136 weeping and som∣times true Inflammation. And if the wound peirce through the ball of the Eye, the humors of the Eye fall out and the Eye sinkes in. Also if any sharp thing fall into the Eye, the inside of the Ey∣lids may be wounded with pain and redness, as we shewed in Excoriation or rawness.

The Causes.

The Cause of all pain in any part of the Eye, is a disease in some sensible part of the Eye. For the out∣ward skin of the Eye, is very sensible under the Ey-lids, and there are many thick Muscles about the Eye, be∣sides which, the ball of the Eye, made of the horney Tunicle and other Membranes and ful of humors, (as we observe in the pricking of a Cataract without pain) there is no sense, except it be without in the Circum∣ference, by reason of the Tunicle called Adnata for whose cause pain, goes to the Ball of the Eye. The diseases that cause pain in these parts, are either distem∣per or afflux of a bloody waterish humor, or solution of continuity manifest, or hidden.

A simple hot distemper that yet hath caused no flux, * 1.137 causeth rather heat and itching then pain in the Eyes, but when pain comes there is a flux presently, as we may see in hot Diseases when they rub their Eyes, their Nose fals a bleeding. Also a cold distemper from cold Wind, especially, and the like causeth itching of the Eyes by biting. Also too much dryness makes itching and roughness in the Eyes, * 1.138 and therefore they who watch long either in or out of a disease, have itching Eyes, which they rubb, except heavi∣ness of Eyes, when sleep is at hand cause this itch∣ing.

If there be a hot distemper in the Eyes and Lids with a Flux of bloody humor, and redness, * 1.139 in regard the Inflammation is not true, the Oph∣thalmy will be false and not so strong as a true, and it will be moist from the tears, proceeding from the sensibility of the part, or dry when they are wanting, from the dryness of the brain, or it is called dry and hard, if the matter be sly∣my and produce some thing which glueth the Ey-lids together.

But if in this Flux of blood if it flow not only into the Veins but Tunicles and Ey-lids and cause a true Inflam∣mation, the Ophthalmy is called true, * 1.140 with greater accidents and stronger pain, with Head-ach somtimes by reason of the Con∣nexion and consent of the Pericranium with the adnate Tunicle: and the pain is greater when the blood flows into the Muscles of the Eyes, as into the horney Tunicle or under it. And the pain is greater, as the blood is

hotter, * 1.141 more Chollerick or sharp. When this fals into the great corner of the Eye inflaming it, there follows an Egilops. The cause of this flux of blood into the Eyes, is Plethory or abundance, or thinness, sharpness, or heat. When it is from plenty, it is called an Ophthalmy, from plenitude. Moreover if the Veins of the Eyes be disposed to receive this flux, by reason of their larg∣ness having been formerly filled therewith, the dispo∣sition of the Eyes is the helping cause. Also too much light which they cannot endure, who have an Ophthal∣my, they scarse open their Eyes and shut them soon. This is caused also from hot Air, and cold wind that nips the Eyes, or Smoak, or things fallen into them, for the Eyes cannot be safely touched by any thing, especially that is rough or sharp, as Pouders dust or flies. And crooked hairs in the Ey-lids cause the same. Also hot burning things, as Pepper, or sharp things, as Salt getting into the Eyes. Oyl and all unctious things burne, if they get into the Eyes. Great hurts or wounds cause a true and false Ophthalmy. And wee∣ping either makes an Ophthalmy or increaseth it, if the tears be sharp and hot. All these causes trouble in the Eyes, if they cause itching, and makes men rub, this rubbing may cause a new Flux.

A simple waterish humor, or mixt with Flgem fal∣ling into the Eyes or Lids causeth no great pain, if it be near to the Nature of water, but continual flux of tears and somtimes outward swelling of the Ey-lids, of this in the Chapter of Tears over-flowing. But if the humor be serous and partly salt it causeth some itching. * 1.142 If it be sharp and hot then there is an Epiphora, that is a pain redness, itching and burning and weeping in one or both Eyes, (for one suffers often with the other) This Epiphora, if it be ve∣ry painful, causeth a flux of blood and an Ophthalmy. Aboundance of this waterish humor in the heat within or without the Skul, is the material cause of this de∣fluxion, and many Excrements. The efficient cause that moveth the defluxion into this or that part, comes from the things that provoke the Eye either to natural tears or preternatural Tumors, of this we shall spake in the causes of blood-shot and tears.

All these are helped by the disposition of the Eyes to receive them, when they are made weak and loose by former Fluxes, hence it is that when this disease hath long continued and these causes met, they have alwaies red and wet Ey-lids, and somtimes ulcers and little pain but itching,

Some say pains of the Eyes may come from wind, but in regard wind can no way get into the Eyes, nor stay there, and if it were there, it cannot dilate the thick ball of the Eye, or cause pain being the part is insensible, I cannot allow it. But without the ball of the Eye, if vapors get between the Muscles, there is a loosness and a twinkling rather then pain, * 1.143 if they be not many, but if they be many, there may be a short twiching pain before the Eyes are opened, af∣ter sleep. As we shewed in the windy Cramp.

Solution of continuity causeth divers pains in the Eye. * 1.144 If it be hidden and only a twiching, not yet seperating any thing in the Eye it causeth itching and roughness, and if it continue and in∣crease pain, it causeth Ophthalmy and Epiphora. If the solution be manifest and the adnate Tunicle seperated from the Eye, * 1.145 it fils the part with water and causeth a Bladder. If the Tunicle be divided in the cor∣ners or the Ey-brows, there is Cor∣rosion, Scabs or Ulcers. If it be deep it causeth a simple or a hollow Ulcer, or Fistula, or Wound. All these have divers causes. Somtimes they come from outward hurts. As strong and hot rubbing, from itch∣ing causeth the Phlyctaenae and Excoriations of the Eyes. Things falling in, if they be rough, may not only ex∣asperate the Eye, but take of the Skin. Things that are sharp and burn also, do not only inflame, but take of the Skin and cause Phlyctaenae and Erosions, as the juyce of the wild Cowcumber. It often comes from strong Medicines that are used to take away spots, and all these Erosions may turn to true Ulcers. If things that prick or cut fal into the Eye, they may both disturb and wound it, as we see in the couching of a Cataract, there is Inflammation. Also Tears, and waterish hu∣mors that wet and provoke the Ey, do at length cor∣rode and cause Scabs in the Ey-brows, and Ulcers, as also diseases that went before, cause solution of conti∣nuity. As Phlyctaenae broaken leave excoriation behind them. A true Ophthalmy turns into an Impostume, when the Inflammation will not discuss, but supurate, which broken, there is somtimes a deep Ulcer. Also an Aegilops after the flegmon breaks, turns to an Ulcer, either simple or Malignant, as the blood is that caused the Inflammation, or hollow, if the matter be sharp and long kept, before the Impostume opened, corro∣ding within. And lastly if the Lips by continuance of the Ulcer be hard, or grown over with a Skin, there is a Fistula that descends into the Nose. And when the Caruncle, * 1.146 or bit of flesh in the Eye is consumed by sharp matter or Medicines, which they used to heal the Ulcer; the disease called Rhyas follows. And the thin bone adjoyning is eaten away and lost.

The Cure.

The Cure and Prognostick is according to the di∣vers Causes of these pains.

A Simple hot distemper without a Flux, * 1.147 that causeth itching and som∣times pricking, if it come in a Cepha∣lalgia, and the pain of the Head reach to the roots of the Eyes, must be Cured as the Head-ach. In these heat and redness and largness of Veins, in a critical day foretel bleeding at the Nose. But if the Eyes itch or be red from any other cause besides these diseases, as heat, violent motion, wind or watching, these causes must be removed, and the Air amended, and they are easily the cured.

A heaviness of Eyes and Lids after sleep, such as wrings them, and suffers them not to be easily ope∣ned foretelleth heaviness of head and aboundance of Vapors and Humors, these must be preven∣ted.

If a false Ophthalmy come from a Flux of blood there is little danger, except it turn true. But if In∣flammation of the Eyes follow, the true Ophthalmy is more dangerous, especially if a great Tumor cover the black of the Eye. That is worst which suppura•••••• and turns into an Imposthume, and so into an Ulcer, which if deep there is danger of loosing the Eye, also a

not suppurated Ophthalmy true or false if long of con∣tinuance, darkneth the Pupil, or leaves a spot, and cau∣seth dimness or blindness: But the Inflammation made in the outward corner of the Eye in an Aegilops, goes somtimes soon away, but neglected suppurateth and proveth a lasting and perverse Ulcer, which turns to a Fistula and is scarse cured.

An Epiphora also is very stubborn from a waterish humor, and continues many daies or months, some∣times a whol Winter, and in old Persons all their lives.

I have known Phlyctaenae or Pearls coming of out∣ward causes that were cleer and not red, to go away of themselves, and they which are red and painful, and break, leave excoriation behind them.

Excoriations and Scabs by reason of the moistness of the part, are not soon cured, and are worse if they ulcerate, if it turn mattery or callous, it is stubborn, and somtimes incurable, piercing the Eye, and putting it out, or covering it with a Callous or Scar.

When a Wound of the Eye pierceth the Cornea or horney Tunicle the humors fall out and the Eye sinks in and is blind. An outward or superficial wound turns to an Ulcer, hard or easie to be cured. A puncture causeth Inflammation if it be not looked unto.

As for the Cure. when any of these Diseases will not away of themselves, * 1.148 then have at the Causes, which either are exter∣nal as hard bodies that get into the Eye, or hairs of the Eye-brows, or Air, or Light, which molesteth. Or also from things taken in, or from motion extra∣ordinary of mind or body. or from filth or tears. If any of these Causes procure an Ophthalmy, or exulceration, or the like, or increase them, they must be removed, or amended, or prevent∣ed. But if an Ophthalmy come from a Defluxion of blood, or an Epiphora from a Defluxion of flegm•• or if the Eyes formerly weak have new Defluxions, then we must evacuate by opening a Vein or Artery, or cutting or burning of holes, or by Cupping, by Leeches, Frictions, or the like, or by Stool, Nose, Mouth, by Vomitting, Sweat, Urin, or derive the hu∣mor another way, and so consume it by things given or applied, and stop the flux to the Eyes by outward applications. But the cause of the Disease it self must be cured by Topicks to the Eye according to its con∣dition. All which shall be done as followeth by the order declared being appropriated to the Causes and to the Disease.

Things that get into the Eye, if they be thin, come out again of themselves, if they be more solid, they get out by the motion of the Eyes and Lids and tears that come from thence to wash them away. But if they stick, they must be taken out by Art.

This is done easiest when they are in the corners of the Eyes, and may be seen when the Eye is opened or the Eyelids lifted up, And then make a tent of Linnen and the like, and wipe them out.

But if they lie out of sight, or having been seen, re∣turn upon touching, or the motion of the Eye, then they must be taken out with smooth and slippery things put into the Eye, and by putting one Eyelid over the other, these are best when pouderous, as little small Pibbles or precious stones, as the Swallow stone which is made of Mamor, or the Jasperstone, or the Cray∣fish stones called Crabs-eyes, which seem to be made for that very purpose, to be put into the Eye, the one side being hollow or concave for the Ball of the Eye, the other convex for the Eyelid.

Rhasis saies this may be better done with a little Pen∣sil anoynted with Turpentine, drawn through the Eye under the lid, that they may stick unto it, and so be brought forth, but this way wil presently fail by the watering of the Eye.

Sneesing or often blowing of the Nose are good to shake out, or at least to remove things in the Eye, they appear to be strongly driven through the Nose, by which the Eyes are moved, and the tears provoked to wash them out.

For which Washing other things are good that pro∣voke tears, as of often motion of the Eye, when the Eyelids are kept open, this drives things out.

When crooked hair in the Eye-brows prick the Eyes by reason of some fire that singed or dried them, or the like, they must be cut off, and then they will grow bet∣ter, if the pores be not in fault, and then if they be, they must be constantly cut, or pul'd out, or the Eyebrows burnt, which being not to be done without pain, and seeing it is not decent to want hair upon the Eyebrows, they may be set right with the infusion of Gum tra∣ganth, Mastick, or the like, as some do their Musta∣choes to keep them out of their mouth, and which some take for an Ornament.

Hot Air, because it is naught for red inflamed Eyes must be tempered, or avoided, or changed, for cold Air which is good in this case: but very cold Air, espe∣cially with Wind, is hurtful in all Diseases of the Eyes. And Smoaks, especially of new quenched Lime which is sharp and pricks the Eyes, and very strong scents as Oyl of Spike, of stinking things or Jakes, all these are to be avoided in sore Eyes.

Also Brightness from flame especially, which cannot be endured, or from light at which the Patient is unwil∣ling to look. And therefore they ought to have a black Veil before the Eye if other things are not applied to keep away light.

Meats and Drinks must be avoided, that inflame the body and make the Face and Eyes red, as strong Wine, Onyons, Mustard and Radishes. And it is good in an Epiphora to keep a slender Diet, and abstain from Suppers.

Also 'tis hurtful to sore Eyes to move them much, to look too stedfast upon any thing, or to read or write much, or to move the Head too much, or hang down the Head: therefore let him stand upright, and sleep with his Face upward, on the contrary side. Also it is naught to rub the Eye, from which they hardly abstain.

Also to watch long, or lament, to cause crying and shedding tears; these all must be abstained from.

And from things that are apt to get in, as dust flies. And take heed what midicines are used, lest they be too sharp.

Also remove other Impediments as glewing of the the Eyelids together which is painful when they are o∣pened, the glew therefore slime or sand must be gently taken off with the hand, and Rose water if need be, in which some Mucilage or white of an Egg is.

Other filth that is in the Eyebrows before the Pupil especially to hinder the sight, must be gently thrust to the corners, and there taken out.

When tears flow, the less you wipe your Eyes if they be sore, the less you wil offend them, but if you must dry your Eyes, do it gently by pressing not wiping.

Blood-letting is good against sore Eyes if the pain comes from flux of blood thither, as in an Ophthalmy and Aegilops and in an Ulcer or Wound, when we fear a new flux of blood by reason of pain, especially if there be

Inflammation, and Plethory or fulness, then they must bleed much, and often in the same or divers veins. the Shoulder-vein in the Arm is opened for Revulsion or that which appears most, on the same side the Eye is sore while blood flows to the Eye according to the A∣rabians. also in the Thumb or Foot; some open that between the Shoulder-blades. When we intend to fetch the blood and derive it from the part where it is, we open nearer veins, as in the Forehead, Temples, or under the Tongue. Or some wil in the fore part of head. And it is good to take blood from the Nose any waies.

As we shewed in Head-ach opening of an Artery is excellent against an Opthalmy or great old pain of the Eyes, or an Epiphora which hath continued long: for when the serous humor descends by the outward Veins which causeth weeping there is a certain Cure.

Paracentesis or a Seton or opening of the skin of the Head at the root of the hinder part, and so putting a skein of Silk or Hair through it to keep it open, is the last Remedy in an Epiphora to divert the flux.

In a long flux whether Epiphora, or Ophthalmy, or the other, it is an excellent way to burn or cut an Issue in the Neck opposite against the sore Eye, or in the mid∣dle of the Nape, or in the coronal suture of the Head.

Cupping-Glasses are good in all fluxes, whether blood or water in the Eyes, alone or with Scarificati∣on, especially if it be blood, they must be applied to the sides of the Neck upon the Shoulders and Arms, and repeated often if need require, for they revel and derive mightily. Some highly esteem of Scarifying of the Ears on that side the Eye is sore,

I should like of better the making an Issue in that part of the Ear which the Greeks call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the La∣tines Hircus or Goat, and the same is excellent in an old Tooth-ach.

Leeches applied in Head-ach are as good as other bleeding.

And Friction of the body to revell.

Also to loosen the Belly with Clysters or Supposito∣ries to clense the Guts before bleeding, or with Laxa∣tives is good. These revell also if often given, they may be made more mollifying or sharper as you please as we shewed.

Also light purging to take away the binding of the Belly which hurteth the Eyes, and to take away the first excrements, must be given in all cases, as in In∣flammation lest stinking vapors should offend, but we must take heed of hot things in them, without cool to temper them. These are also good in a false Oph∣thalmy which hath no inflammation but heat and red∣ness, in which stronger may be used, especially in the progress of the Disease when tears begin to molest. Examples of these are in cholerick Diseases and in Head-ach from a hot cause, but add to them alwaies things proper for the Eyes.

Prepare first thus. Take syrup of Violets an ounce, sy∣rup of Water-lillies and of red Roses dired, each half an ounce; with Vervain, Rose and Plantane water make a Ju∣lep, drink it often.

Then purge thus. Take syrup of Roses an ounce and an hal, syrup of Violets an ounce, Diagridium two or three grains: with Endive and Rose water drink it.

Or, Take syrup of Roses solutive with the Infusion of Senna (which is thought proper for the Eyes) an ounce and an half: drink it with Whey.

Or, Take Cassia an ounce, Electuary of juyce of Roses two drams: with Sugar make a Bolus, or give it in Bugloss water.

Or, Take Rhubarb four scruples, yellow Myrobolans a dram: sprinkle them with Wine to take out the strength, then infuse them in Rose and Violet water: strain them and add syrup of Roses an ounce.

Or this Decoction. Take Fennel roots half an ounce, Cordial flowers a pugil, Fennel seeds half a dram, Violet seeds a dram, Tamarinds an ounce, Prunes six, yellow Myrobalans three drams, Senna two drams: boyl and dissolve syrup of Roses or Violets half an ounce.

The Pill Sine quibus (proper for the Eye) doth the same in half a dram.

If water flow to the Eyes and tears fall, we use stron∣ger purges, and hotter, especially in Epiphora or Oph∣thalmy when the humor is not so hot, and in Ulcers with Fluxes, as in the weeping Fistula: they are al∣most the same prescribed in melancholick and slegma∣tick Head-ach.

A Preparative. Take Honey of Roses an ounce, syrup of Bettony and Maiden-hair each half an ounce, with Celon∣dine, Bugloss, and Succory water, and a little Sanders give it, and repeat it.

Or When a Flux is more than heat. Take syrup of Hysop an ounce, of Staechas and Bettony each half an ounce; with Fennel, Vervain, and Eyebright water, make a Potion.

Then purge with cooling Purges while redness and heat remain, but if Flux and tears are most, use things to purge flegm, and if the Disease be old, Epiphora or Ophthalmy, or Ulcer, repeat them often.

These are the best Pils of Fumitory, Sine quibus or Lu∣cis majores a dram of either, with Eyebright, Vervain, or Fennel water, or syrup of Staechas. Or Pilcochie or Aggre∣gative may be given.

Or Diacarthamum, Diaphoenicon, or our Diacaryon and other purgers of flegm and water with proper waters for the Eyes.

Or this Decoction. Take Fennel roots an ounce and half, roots of Calamus and Liquorish, each an ounce, green Fennel, Eyebright, Vervain, Celondine, Fumitory, each a handful; Rue half a handful, flowers of Rosemary, Stoechas, and Roses, each a pugil; Fennel seeds and Siler montane, each two drams; Senna two ounces and an half; Cartha∣mus seeds bruised two ounces: boyl, and infuse in it hot Agarick three drams, Rhuharb two drams (this is used in watry fluxes (Spikenard half a scruple, strain them, and with Cinnamon and Sugar give it three mornings.

If this purgeth not sufficiently, give Pils.

We have shewed fit Purges for the Eyes in the Cure of slegmatick humors in the Brain, producing weak∣ness of sight.

And how the Head and Stomach is after to be strengthened.

In a hot Cause it is not good to purge by the mouth or Nose, for that wil inflame them, and cause bleeding and inflammation of the Eyes, nor sneesing which makes the Eyes red and weeping. In other cases when Tears are without Heat, or from Ulcers, things to chew called Masticatories, or Gargle called Gargarisms, draw Humors to the Mouth, by the Nose, from the Eyes: And so the Head is purged, and the Flux stopped, after other Purgings. These may be done by Errhines, or things to snuff, but that by Sneesing, they disturb the Eyes, for tears flow Naturally and preternaturally from the Eyes, through the Nose, and it is good to help it.

Sore Eyes are not to be clensed by Vomir, for by straining, the Blood flows to the Eyes, and Tears are produced, and the Cause is increased or renewed, and the Pain also.

Sweating is not good in hot Diseases of the Eyes, because the Eyes would be inflamed more by it, But if there be Ulcers without heat, and tears then Sweating

is good to dry the body and consume Excrements, and it may be often with sparing Diet.

In the declining of an Ophthalmy Baths are good to consume the reliques, and wine, though both are nought at first while the Eyes are hot.

It is good to provoke Urin to take away the cause and waterish humors. Therefore in Fistulaes of the Eyes, we give drinks that dry and provoke Urin.

Thus: Tansey, red Coleworts, Agrimony, male Fearn, Dropwort, burnet, Ceterach, each a handful, of Myrrh half a handful, roots of Lquorish an ounce, red Pease two pugils, boyl them, take it for five draughts, sweeten it with Su∣gar, give it for the weeping Fistula of the Eye.

We use things to consume the humors in the Head, in an Epiphera and Ulcer in the Eye. These dry and strengthen the Head inwardly and outwardly, such as we prescribed in diseases of the Head. Some are good to be lookt upon, and to be carried about, as in an Ophthalmy it is good to look upon an Agate and to carey a Dock root dig'd up in the Moon increasing, and to put the stone found in the Gall of an Ox into the Nose, as some think.

We stop the humor flowing to the Eyes, whether it be blood or water by the passages, and by coolers to strike them away, in an Ophthalmy or beginning of an Aegilops and in an Epiphora, and in other causes when a Flux is feared. They are applied near to, or upon the Eye, being first closed.

To the parts near which humors flow we apply these on that side the pain is, over all from one Ear to ano∣ther, if both Eyes suffer. Somtimes down upon the Cheeks. They are good in an Ophthalmy to asswage the force of the blood, appli'd upon the jugulars. And they are such as astring and dry and cool, and they are safer near then upon the Eye.

Epithems made of a cloth strained, from convenient Liquor or a Spunge spueezed that more get into the Eye are good in a true Ophthalmy, or in great heat. They repercuss more, when they are actually cold; but very cold as Snow must not be used, for it may hurt, and as I knew, make blind. They are mentio∣ned in hot diseases of the Head. Only leave out Oyls and Vinegar which hurt the Eyes. These may be ap∣plied to the Forehead or jugilares, and mixed with very cold things.

An Epithem of juyce of Plantane with the white of an Egg is good.

Emplasters, because they stick long and fal not into the Eye, may be applied to the said places. And re∣nued every third day if need be. As in other Defluxi∣ons.

Or thus: Take Mastick, Frankincense, Varnish, each two drams; Starch or finer Flour a dram, with the white of an Egg and infusion of Gum Traganth: make a Plai∣ster.

Another: Take Pitch and Oyl of Myrtles, Varnish, Frankincense: make a Plaster, this is good to the nape also.

Or this Astringent: Take Bole half an ounce, Dragons blood, conserve of Sloes, each two drams; Pomegranate peels and Galls, each a dram; make a Pouder, and with the white of an Egg and red Vinegar: make Emplasters for the Forehead and Temples.

A better: Take Bole, burnt Chalk, Blood-stone, each two drams; Vitriol half a dram, Asphaltum, Frankincense, Mastick, Varnish, each a dram and an half; Dragons blood, Conserve of Sloes, Acacia, Pitch, each a dram; flowers and peels of Pomegranats, Galls, Cypres nuts, each half a dram; Pouder them, and add Starch half an ounce, with infusion of Gum Traganth, the yolk of an Egg and Vinegar and Oyl of Roses: make a mixture.

Or a Plaister of Mastick, or that for the Rupture.

Some stop Fluxes with a scruple of Opium in one Pla∣ster, and if there be Head-ach we allow it to help, and for Poppy seed instead of white Poppy seeds, we mix syrup of Poppies.

The ordinary defensative is of Bole, Vinegar and whites of Eggs, this applied behind the Eares, is good also in an Ophthalmy.

Of these with Oyls, you may make Oyntments to anoynt about the Eye, especially if it swel they must be thick, that they may stick and not fal into the Eye, and used at nights when the Eyes are shut.

Such may be made of juyces without Pouders, least when the Oyntments are dry they fal into the Eyes: Take juyce of Plantane two ounces, red Vinegar an ounce, white Vitriol a scruple, Dragons blood, Acacia, Hypocistis or conserve of Sloes, Labdanum, each half a dram; dissolve them, and add white of an Egg and Oyl of Roses and a lit∣tle Turpentine.

Somtimes they are applied upon the closed Eye and Lids, for these are too strong to be put into the Eyes, and Astringents which would make Eyes rough, which ought to be smooth.

Or thus: Take fat Bole three drams, Barley flowers an ounce and an half, infusion of Gum Traganth in Myrtle or Rose water an ounce, Camphire half a dram, with Cream and juyce of Plantane, to keep it moist, make an Empla∣ster, apply it to the closed Eye.

Coolers do the same, as we shall shew for stop∣ping of blood at the first and after in stopping of Tears.

Topicks or Medicines applied to the Eye. Or put in to it, * 1.149 are either Simple waters, or mixed with others, called Colly∣ria are in form of Troches to be at hand for use: and they may be dropt in, injected or put in∣to the great corner of the Eye or upon the Ey-lids. Some have a Silver and Bone Pen, which they rowle in wet Pouders and put into the Eye, then they close the Ey-lids and draw it through leaving the Pouder behind. Somtimes we blow very fine Pouders into the Eye, ground upon a smooth stone, or a little Pla∣ster upon the great corner and the Nose. And others by way of Fomentation. these are divers in respect of the Cause and distemper, if from heat, cold, drouth, or in respect of the Flux of blood in an Ophthalmy, or Ae∣gilops, or of water, as in an Epiphora, or in respect of wounds, as in a Phlyctaena, Excoriation, Ulcer, Fi∣stula.

A simply hot distemper without Flux that causeth only itching, * 1.150 is cured by preventing a Flux with Cold and astringent things.

If they itch, and wax red from cold, add sharp things. These shall be mentioned in Ophthalmy and Epiphora.

If they itch, or are rough from dryness of the Ey-lids use Anodynes, and the Vapors of hot water into the Eye.

If the Eyes be heavy after Sleep, * 1.151 or contracted, open them by degrees and rub with a warm hand.

If an Ophthalmy, true or false, * 1.152 be with a Flux of blood, with or without In∣flammation, then use Topicks, first to allay pain and stop Flux, then to dry and after to degest, and last of all to discuss the re∣liques. Thus,

You must take away pain at first, not only because it is troublesom, but because it will bring a Flux, and also

cool and stop and allay the heat; use this or that as the pain or Flux most requireth.

Thus: Apply the white of a new laid Egg, beat to a froath, to take away pain by it self, or with others. Or that liquor that sweats out of a rosting Egg, or the yolk alone or both together rosted. The white boyled hard and beaten with Rose water, and applied like a Pultis doth best take away pain and heat.

And all sorts of Milk, especialy Womens, are Ano∣dyne.

Also Fresh Cheese, doth the same.

Or Veal new washed and applied, is a brave Empe∣rical Medicine.

Or the Papp of sweet Apples roasted, some think rotten Apples best. The Mandrake Apples, or love Apples do the same against pain, but to strike back the Flux use sharp Apples and Pears or Quinces, as the former.

Housleek, Purslane, Nightshade, Henban, Man∣drakes green, and bruised or heated in a cloth, take away pain, when applied. If you will bind, apply Plantane, Bramble and Mirtle leaves beaten or boyled. It is good to add Barley meal or bran to them, all to make them stick.

Rose water is in great use to cool, and if we will astringe, take the water of the green cups of Roses or of Plantane, Self-heal or Myrtle, or if you will abate pain use water of Purslane, Nightshade, or Strawberries, or the water of hard whites of Eggs.

When we will take away pain and heat toge∣ther.

First: Take the white of an Egg, with Rose water and Milk, beat them. And if you use the Decoction of white Poppies, 'tis better.

The second: Take Fenugreek seeds half an ounce, white Poppy seeds two drams: boyl in Rose water, and add the white of an Egg.

The third: Take crums of Bread steept in Rose water or Milk; apply it or drop the juyce of it.

The fourth, Use sweet Apples, so boyled. Or Bread and Apples.

The Chirurgions apply a Pill of Elder steept in Rose water.

Another Anodyne: Take Mucilage of Fleabane, Quinces, Fenugreek, Gum Arabick, or Traganth, dissolve it with Rose water and Milk.

If pain be great: Take Mucilage of Fleabane seed and Fenugreek, each an ounce; infusion of Gum Traganth, made in Rose water, whites of Eggs, each half an ounce; Camphire five grains, Opium two grains, Saffron a grain.

Or this Emplaster: Take crums of bread steept in Milk, Pap of sweet roasted Apples and Barley meal, each an ounce and an half; Mucilage of seeds of Fleabane and Fenu∣greek, each an ounce; two yolks of Eggs, Camphire half a dram, Saffron three grains, Opium two grains, Oyl of Roses, sweet Butter, or Cream six drams, the Unctious things are to keep the Medicines from being dry) make a Cata∣plasam and put to the closed Eye. Some apply it to the Forehead to ease pain, or mix cooling juyces, as of Purslane, Nightshade, if heat be great.

Or this Anodyne of Dioscorides: Take the yolk of an Egg roasted and with a little Saffron and Oyl of Roses, ap∣ply it to allay pain.

Or this: Take juyce of Chamomil and Melilot, each half an ounce; Womans Milk and whites of Eggs, each two ounces; Rose water an ounce, beat them, and wet a clout for the eyes, two grains of Opium added, will allay pain.

Or this Decoction to foment: Take flowers of Mal∣lows, Violets and Roses, each a pugil; Chamomil and Me∣lilot flowers, each half a pugil; Fenugreek seeed an ounce, Linseed and Fleabane seed, each two drams; white Poppy seed a dram, boyl them.

An Anodyne Cataplasme: Take Chamomil and Me∣lilot flowers, each a pugil; Fenugreek seeds an ounce, boyl them, and strain, add three ounces of crums of Bread, two yolks of Eggs, and a scruple of Saffron with a little Milk; make a Cataplasme:

When you desire rather to repel and astring then cool: Take Rose cup water two ounces, juyce of Plantane an ounce, whites of Eggs half an ounce, mix them, the juyce of Bramble berries added, doth repel also, if dry∣ed.

An astringent Decoction: Take Plantane, dryed red Roses, each a dram; flowers of Pomegranats two drams, boyl them in Rose and Plantane water.

When you will astring and also take away pain: Take Plantane, Purslane, (or Housleek in Winter) Nightshade, each half a handful; Rose and Violets, each half a pugil; Fleabane and white Poppy seed, each two drams; boyl them in Water, and two drams of Mandrake roots, will allay the pain sooner.

Or this Cataplasme: Take Pap of sower Apples or of Pares or Quinces, boyled in Rose and Plantane water, or the astringent Decoction mentioned, or Wine as Galen prescribeth, make a Cataplasm.

Or this: Take the Pap of boyl'd Quinces, or the other two ounces, Barley flowers an ounce, Sumach and Pome∣granate peels, each a dram; with the juyce of Purslane, Housleek and Plantane: make a Cataplasm.

Somtimes ad dryers, to the said repellers and Ano∣dynes to consume moisture, and when the heat is de∣creased and the disease, increase the quantity, and add digesters.

Eye-waters are madee of white Ceruss, thus: Take Ceruss washed with Rose water two drams, Plantane (or Myrtle water, if you will repel, or Womens Milk, if you will asswage pain) two ounces, whites of Eggs half an ounce, mix and apply them.

Or: Take washt Ceruss two drams, Mucilage of Flea∣bane and Quince seed, or Line, or Fenugreek six drams with Rose water and Milk.

The white Troches of Ceruss to make eye waters, are thus made: Take Ceruss washt half an ounce, Starch two drams, Gum Traganth, infused in Rose water half a dram: make Troches. If pain be great, add half a scru∣ple of Opium, dissolve these in Water and Milk, when you have occasion.

Add Sarcocol when you will digest, as in the Troches of Rhasis: Take washt Ceruss ten drams, Sarcocol steept in Womans Milk three drams, Gum Traganth a dram, with Rose water, make Troches, with a scruple of Opium, if you please.

Somtimes add Camphire: As, Take washt Ceruss two drams, Starch a dram, Mucilage of Fleabane, Fenugreek or Lin seed, each half an ounce; Sarcocal steept in Milk a dram, Camphire a scruple, Rose water two ounces, Milk and whites of Eggs, of each half an ounce; add six grains of Opium, or Decoction of Poppy, or Henbane, three or four grains of Saffron, in the increase of the Disease. 'Tis counted a Correcter of Opium, and will make the water yellowish.

Tutty is proper for the eye, and makes a good water, it is burnt and washt for that purpose: or thus, wash it in cold water, Pouder it, and steep it in juyce of Quin∣ces or in a Quince, and in a clout bake the Quince, and then infuse it in white Wine Vinegar, then dry and Pouder it, and put it into Rose water. Af∣ter Water, Make it to fine Pouder for your use.

It is thus used. Take Tutty prepared half a dram, Rose water an ounce, whites of Eggs beaten half an ounce.

With Camphire thus. Take Tutty prepared a dram, Camphire four grains, Plantane, Rose and Fennel water, each an ounce: mix them. a scruple of Sumach will make it stronger, half a dram of Sugar candy is good in the height of the Disease.

Galen makes a white eye-water with Ceruss thus. Take Tutty washed four drams, Ceruss a dram and an half; Starch and Gum Traganth, each a dram; with Rain-water make an Eye-water; add a dram of Opium in pains.

Or thus. Take Tutty prepared a dram and an half, Ce∣russ water a dram, Starch half a dram, mucilage of Faenu∣greek seeds half an ounce, Fennel water an ounce, Rose water two ounces, with half a scruple of Camphire.

In great pain a yellow Eye-water is thus made. Take Tutty burnt and washt in womans milk half an ounce, Ceruss wa sht an ounce, Gum Traganth a dram, Saffron two drams, Opium half a dram, with Rain-water mix them, use it with the white of an Egg.

The Oyntment of Tutty or Nihili are good for the Eyes also.

Or thus. Take Butter, or Hogs grease, or Oyl of Roses, well washt, or new, with white Wax or Oyntment of Roses or of Alablaster an ounce, Tutty prepared a dram and an half, Pompholyx half a dram, mix them, Camphire a scruple, Antimony half a scruple.

When we wil digest as in the beginning of the decli∣nation use these.

The yellow pouder of Sarcocol of Rhasis. Take Sarcocol five drams, Aloes washt in Rose water a dram, Tra∣gacanth half a dram, Opium half a scruple, and Saffron six grains.

Rose water, or Milk, or both having Frankincense quench∣ed in them, is good for the same.

Or this Eye-water. Take Frankincense half a dram, Sarcocol a dram and an half, Aloes half a dram, Saffron half a scruple, Mucilage of Faenugreek seeds half an ounce, Eye∣bright and Rose water, each an ounce and an half, with Fen∣nel water in the declining of the Disease.

The Eye-water of Rhasis digests also and ripens. Take Frankincense five drams, Sarcocol and Ammoniacum, each two drams and an half; Saffron a dram, with juyce of Fennel apply it.

When we wil dry more if there be pain, use this of Galen. Take Frankincense and Tutty, each five drams; Ceruss ten drams, Gum Traganth and Opium, each a dram and an half: make it with Rain-water, somtimes he ads Pompholyx.

To dry and digest. Take Sarcocol a dram and an half, Tutty prepared a dram, Aloes a scruple, Myrrh a scruple, Mucilage of Foenugreek seed half an ounce, Vervain water two ounces, Fennnel water an ounce.

If heat remain. Take Sarcocol four drams, Tutty pre∣pared two drams, Aloes a dram, Sugar candy a dram and an half, Camphire four grains, Saffron thrree grains, Rose water four ounces: mix them and shake often.

In red Itching Eyes. Take Tutty prepared half a scru∣ple, Aloes and Sugar, each five drams, Camphire two grains, white Wine and Fennel water, each two ounces: mix them.

To discuss the remainder in the declination use

This Fomentation. Take Eyebright and Pennyroyal, each a handful; Chamomel, Melilot flowers, and red Roses, and Oat chaff, each a pugil: Foenugreek seed two drams, Fennel seed a dram: boyl them, add a little Wine, dip Clouts and apply to the Eyes. The Fume of the De∣coction is also good.

Or this Cataplasin. Take Southernwood a handful, Chamomel flowers a pugil, Foenugreek seeds an ounce, muci∣lage of Foenugreek seeds an ounce, Fennel seeds a dram, Cum∣min seeds half a dram: boyl and bruise them, add Bean flower an ounce, mucilage of Foenugreek and Line seeds each half a dram; Saffron a scruple, with Milk make a Cata∣plasm.

To strengthen the Eye, use astringent Wine and Fen∣nel water last of all.

A roasted Egg or Apple laid hot to the Eyes takes out the remaining redness.

If the Inflammation Imposthumeth it must be ripe∣ned with a Plaster upon the Eye thus. Take Marsh∣mallows a handful, Chamomel flowers a pugil: boyl them in Milk, beat and add Barley meal and Foenugreek seeds, each an ounce; with Oyl of Chamomel make a Cata∣plasm.

The Eye-water of Rhasis and Oyntment of Tutty doth the seme.

When the Imposthume is broken, cure the Wound as followeth.

If an Aegilops come from cholerick blood in the great corner of the Eye, * 1.153 you must apply things used in the Ophthalmy if there be an Inflammation that repel and take away pain, and then discuss the Tumor with eye∣waters there mentioned which dry and digest, before it come to suppuration, which is sooner when there is little or no inflammation, and the Tumor came by de∣grees.

A Discusser. Take Plantane, Mallows, Chamomel with the flowers: bruise them and with kernels of old Walnuts, make a Cataplasm for the corner of the eye. if you add a little Salt and Hen-dung it wil be better.

The herb Aegilops bruised is good also according to Dioscorides.

Others use Emplaster Diapalma, Divinum, and Cero∣niacum.

If the Tumor imposthumate it must be presently opened, lest the matter retained corrode and cause a hollow Ulcer. Then Cure the Ulcer as we shal shew in Ulcers.

If there be an Epiphora from a wate∣rish humor falling upon the eye-lids chiefly, * 1.154 with redness, Heat, and Itching and pain, we must at the first stop the flux, and abate pain and itching with medicines mentioned in Oph∣thalmy, and with those we must mix afterwards things that dry up moisture, which is plentiful in this case, and use eye-waters of Ceruss and Tutty there menti∣oned.

When Epiphora lasteth long, and there is a weeping, itching and redness without burning we must use stronger Dryers.

As against Itching. Take Ant••••ony prepared half a dram, Rose and Fennel water each two ounces; use it strai∣ned.

A Pouder. Take Lapis Calaminaris a scruple, Tutty prepared a dram, Coral and rinds of Myrobalans torrefied or parched, each a scruple; make a Pouder for the Eye.

Or this. Take Antimony prepared half a dram, Tutty prepared a dram, Coral three drams, Pearl two scruples, the crystal humor of the Eyes of boyled fishes half a scruple: make a fine Pouder.

An eye-water of Blood-stone. Take Blood-stones, Antimony washed, each a dram; Tutty prepared two drams, Lapis Calaminaris a scruple, Aloes a dram, Camphire a scru∣ple, burnt Stones of Myrobalans half a dram, Pomegranate∣wine two ounces, Rose water four ounces.

To digest also. Take Antimony washt, Tutty prepared, each a dram; Myrrh, Aloes, each a scruple; Saffron half a scruple: dissolve them in Fennel and Eyebright water with a little Wine,

Use Fumes also of such things as dry without biting or sharpness, as of Frankincense, Pitch, and the like, but be wary.

A Fume of boyled Salt, drieth well, without any bi∣ting.

Then are stronger drying eye-waters of sharp Juyces to be used, when the Epiphora is stubborn, and itcheth much, which is helped with sharp things which exaspe∣rate pain in other Diseases.

As a little white Vitriol dissolved in Rose water, it is good in Itching, and Redness, and Heat, the Ger∣mans call this Augstein, some apply a little of it in In∣flammations, the Chymists use a drop of Oyl of Vitri∣ol in Water, others the Salt of white Vitriol in Water.

Another. Take white Vitriol half a scruple or twelve grains, Tutty prepared half a dram, whites of Egs hard four, in a Clout bruise them, adding by degrees Rose water four ounces: make Philtration, use this Water cold to the eyes.

Another. Take white Vitriol half an ounce, whites of Eggs fifteen, water a pint: mix and boyl them, then in a Glass, add Camphire tied in a clout one dram.

Or thus. Take white Vitriol two grains, Camphire four grains, Tutty prepared half a scruple, white Pompholyx six grains, Rose water an ounce, Fennel water an ounce: make an Eye-water.

Or: Take white Vitriol two drams, Camphire half a dram, Tutty prepared one ounce, Aloes a dram, Sugar candy two drams: make a Pouder, mix it with Rose, Fennel, Ver∣vain, Celondine water, and a little Wine.

If you fear burning add Narcoticks: as, Take white Vitriol, Tutty each a dram; Nutmeg half a dram, Sugar half an ounce, white Wine two ounces, Cel ondine water a pint: boyl, strain, and keep them for your use.

Or thus. Take white Vitriol half a dram, Camphire a dram, Tutty prepared two drams, Ginger, Cloves, each half a dram; pouder them, and add old white Wine in which a Gad of Steel was quenched an ounce, Rose water, Fennel, and Celondine water each two ounces: boyl or steep, and then strain and keep them for your use.

An Eye-pouder. Take white Vitriol half a scruple, Camphire a scruple, Tutty two drams, Pompholix, Ceruss, Lapis Calaminaris, Coral, Mother of Pearl, rinds of yellow Myrobalans each half a dram; Aloes, Myrrh, each a scru∣ple; Sugar candy a dram, Ginger, Cloves, each a scruple: make a Pouder, and put a little thereof into the Eye.

An experienced Oyntment. Take Verdegrece twelve grains, Camphire a dram, Tutty prepared half an ounce, fresh Butter with Rose water boyled a little, six drams: mix them for an Oyntment, put as much as a Pease in the corner of the Eye. and anoynt the Ey-lids. This is a singular ex∣periment against Epiphora and Itching.

A Verdegreece water very excellent. Take a Bar∣bers Bason and anoynt it with Honey, and turn it with the mouth downward upon Sheeps Dung for fourteen daies, and keep ripe Bramble berries in a Glass close stopt in a Horse Dunghil, after fourteen daies wash the Bason with the Bram∣ble berries, and strain the Berries, and mix with the Li∣quor a little Camphire and white Vitriol.

Another. Take a Bason, put therein six ounces of Bramble berries, Salt two ounces, one above the other in rows, keep them in a Celler three weeks, then strain the Liquor from them, and let it settle til the Salt be at the bottom, and pour it off, and do the same the second time til no Salt remain, put this Water into a Tinn Vessel that it may be sweet kept for your use.

If the tunicle of the eye called Ad∣nata separated from the Cornea raise a Blister full of Water, * 1.155 whence cometh also pain and redness, the pain must be abated, the humor stopt, and the Flux dried, as in Epiphora, and by the medicines mentioned in Ophthalmy. If it break and leave a Corrosion, it must be cured as a Corrosion, with medicines that dry without biting, mentioned in Ophthalmy and Epiphora, and such as we shal shew in Ulcers.

If after the tunicle of the Eye is taken off, * 1.156 there follow a roughness of the eye-lids, and there be also redness, heat, and pain, we use the same Remedies mentioned in Oph∣thalmy, then we dry strongly if it cause no pain, with things mentioned in Ophthalmy increased, and shall be mentioned in Ulcers. Or with these.

Tutty prepared with juyce of Quinces and Vinegar and laid in Pouder upon the eye-lids, cures the Scabs and Roughness.

Or this Pouder. Take Tutty prepared a dram, Egg∣shels steept in Vinegar half a dram; Cuttle bone a scruple: make a Pouder.

A third Pouder. Take Tutty prepared a dram, Pumice stone half a dram, Coral burnt and washed a dram: make a Pouder.

An Oyntment. Take Tutty prepared, Acacia, each a dram; Blood-stone and Antimony, each half a dram; mix them with Gum Traganth, or Honey, or Pomatum: a∣noynt the Eye-lids.

Another: Take Tutty prepared, Ceruss washt, Mar∣chasites quenched in Vinegar, each a dram; Hypocistis, Frankincense and Antimony, each half a dram; burnt Ivo∣ry, Pumice stone and Cuttle bone, each a scruple; Pouder them.

After, use sharp Medicines.

The Remedy of Dioscorides. Take Juyce of Onions and burnt Ivory equal proportions.

Another: Take the Gall of a Tench, or other Fish, and Cuttle-bone equal parts.

Dioscorides useth the Milk of Figs, but because it ulce∣rateth, Tutty and other Driers must be added.

Use also the Medicines mentioned in Epiphora made of Vitriol and Verdegreece.

Somtimes the Scab is taken away with a Rag or rough Leaves til the blood cometh and then we use Driers afterwards.

If a true Ulcer follows excoriati∣on, * 1.157 or be left in an Ophthalmy after an Imposthume, then first clense, and after dry, and make a Scar.

Use gentle Clensers, if the Ulcer be not foul, and stronger, as Causticks if foul, or the Lips hard, such as as we shewed in films of the eye and weakness of Sight.

The gentle are such. Take Goats or Womans milk an ounce, Sugar candy a dram and an half, Myrrh a scru∣ple.

Or: Take Honey water distilled an ounce, Sugar candy half a dram, Lizards dung half a scruple.

Water distilled from Turpentine is good.

A strong Clenser and Healer. Take Turpentine half a dram, a yolk of an Egg, beat them, and add Plantan and Rose water.

If you need stronger, use those mentioned in a Fistu∣la of the Eye.

After all those use Driers mentioned in Epiphora, or the Oyntments to the Eyes and Eyelids.

A white drying Medicine. Take Ceruss washed in Plantane water a dram and an half, Starch a dram, white Coral and Harts horn burnt and washed, each half a dram; the mucilage of Comphrey half an ounce, with the juyce of the Grinding of the Stone Galactides, with Rose water: mix them.

A red drying Oyntment: Take juyce of Hypociflis, Dragons blood, each half a dram; Aloes a scruple, Myrrh half a scruple, barke of Frankincense half a dram, infusion of Gum Traganth in Plantane water half an ounce, the juyce of Blood-stone, ground with water of Horstaile, as much as is fitting.

A black drying Eye-water: Take the soot of burnt Pitch as much as a Hazel-nut, and Oyl as much, mix them with the yolk of an Egg. This Dioscorides approves against corroding of the corners of the Eyes.

Or: Take soot of burnt Pitch and Turpentine as for∣merly and Acacia, each half a dram; the white of an Egg beaten half an ounce, with syrup of dryed Roses: mix them.

Another Eyewater: Take Sarcocol, Frankincense, each half a dram; Mirrh, Aloes, Lycium, each a scruple; Tutty prepared half a dram, Antimony a scruple, mix them Pou∣dered with Honey of Roses.

A stronger: Take Tutty prepared a dram, Antimony a scruple, Brass, Lead, Coral, Hearts-horn, all burnt and washt with Horse-tail water, each half a dram, Sugar two scruples, mix them, with the white of a hard Egg.

Rhasis his Eye water of Lead, good in suppuration after Inflammation and in an Ulcer: Take burnt and washt Lead, Antimony, Pompholyx washt, burnt Brass, Gum Arabick, Traganth, each three drams and an half; Opium half a scruple and six grains, Pouder them, and use them in Rain water.

Eleiser, or the Eye water of Rhasis, good when we fear the Pupil will come forth, after an Inflammation and Ulcer: Take Antimony and Blood-stone, each five drams; Acacia a dram and an half, Aloes half a dram, mix them with juyce of Quinces.

Rhasis his Eye-water, called Polycrestum, that makes flesh in Ulcers, and keeps the pupil from coming forth and cleanseth scars: Take Tutty, Pompholyx, Ceruss wa∣shed, Antimony, Frankincense, each a dram; Mirrh half a dram, Sarcocol two scruples six grains, Cinnabar, Aloes, O∣pium, each half a dram.

An Ulcer after an Impostume in an Aegilops, * 1.158 is to be cleansed and dryed, as we shewed in the Ulcers of the Eye, choosing the strongest meaus, because the water and filth still gathereth to the part.

This is done well by a Lixivium, to wash or squirt into it, though it come out at the Nose, any Lixivium or Lye made of Ashes or burnt bones, will do it, using stronger or weaker, as you may know by the sliminess of it.

Also use Urin used in the same manner.

A stronger Lixivium: Take Lixivium a pint and half, Rose-vinegar half an ounce, Pomgranate flowers and Galls, each half an ounce; Rue half a handful, boyl and use them.

Another: Take Lixivium half a pint, Allum half a dram, white Vitriol a scruple, these must be moderated, as you find occasion.

A drying cleansing Decoction: Take roots of Snak∣weed, Tormentil, Moulin dryed, each half an ounce; Agri∣mony a handful, Rue, Chamomil, each half a handful; an old Nut kernel, Pomegranate flowers and Galls, each half an ounce, boyl them in red Wine, add a little red Vine∣gar.

A clensing Oyntment: Take Aloes a dram, Myrrh half a dram, Honey a dram, Gall and Saffron, each half a scruple; with Turpentine: make an Oyntment.

Another: Take juyce of Plantane and Agrimony, each an ounce; juyce of Rue, red Vinegar and Honey, each half an ounce; Oyl of Roses an ounce, boyl them thick, and with a little Turpentine, make an Oyntment.

An Oyntment to heal, a cleansed Ulcer: Take Antimony, Lead, burnt and washt, Tutty, Litharge, each a dram; burnt Allum two scruples, Verdugreece half a scruple, Blood-stone a dram, Dragons blood, Aloes, dissolved in Vi∣negar, each half a dram; round Birthwort two scruples, burnt Ivory and Coral burnt, each a scruple; with Honey and Turpentine: make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take filings of Iron a dram, and burnt Chal∣cities half a dram, burnt Lead and Antimony, each two scru∣ples; with Butter and white Wax: make an Oynt∣ment.

A good Plaster to Cure the Ulcer: Take Bole a dram and an half, Dragons blood, Mummy, Acacia, Hypo∣cistu, Frankincense, Mastick, each half a dram; Acron cups, round Birth-wort, Gall and Cypress nuts, each two scruples; with Ising-glass, infused in Vinegar: make a Plaster: apply a little Plaster to the corner of the Eye.

If there be a Fistula that weeps alwaies, * 1.159 then take of the Callus with that part of the bone that is foul, and then fill up the Cavity with flesh, with as little scar as may be.

Aegyptiacum takes away a Callus, put in often with a Tent. Or other Oyntments of Verdigreece, or a little qualified Aqua fortis, or sublimate water boyled, or sublimate it self put in, and the like, as here∣after.

I have used my Caustick, which causeth no pain and it hath caused an Eschar. But an actual Cautery doth it sooner, if the bone be foul. Which you may know by opening the flesh with your Lancet. It must thus be burnt, first defend the Eye with a Linnen cloth dipp'd in whites of Eggs, and Rose water, and with a silver spoon, and then conveigh a red hot Iron with a round head, through an Iron quil, to the part, once or twice, til the Eschar fals off, use Mucilages with yolks of Egs and Butter.

Then increase Flesh: As, Take Birth-wort roots, Orris and Frankincense barke, each a dram and an half; Myrrh, Mastick, Sarcocol, Aloes, Lapis Calammaris, each a dram, with Honey and a little Verdigreece: make an Oyntment.

I have seen in this Disease, being old and above a years continuance, that a piece of the bone, with the stinking flesh hath fallen off, of it self, into the Nostrils and neither tears, nor matter, hath often come forth at the Eye. But through the Nose and the part hath been healed up.

If the Eye be hurt from a stroak or wound, you must presently use things to stop blood, dryers and healers. The blood of a Pidgeon, or Hen, or Turtle, put into the Eye stops bleeding.

And this: * 1.160 grind Brim-stone with Milk, put it into the Eye.

Or: Take the red juyce of Blood-stone ground with Milk an ounce, the white of an Egg beaten half an ounce, juyce of Hypericon a dram, Frankincense half a dram, add a little Opium, if then pain'd.

Then: Take the white of an Egge beaten, the Mucilage of Comfrey roots, each half an ounce, Ceruss and Tutty washed in Plantane water, each half a dram; Antimony a scruple, water of St. Johns-wort and Steel'd water, of each an ounce.

Then Cure the Ulcer, as we shewed in Ulcers.

CHAP. V. Of the Pain of the Ears.

The Kinds.

THe Kinds of inward pains in the Ears are from the diversity of the propriety, as there is any thing in them or not, we speak not here of outward pains.

Somtimes there is only an itching in the Ear, * 1.161 such as the finger or an Ear picker can scarse allay.

Somtimes there is a pricking pain and beating, * 1.162 more or less, with bur∣ning, and pain on that side of the Head, and it is either increased or not, with things put into the Ear.

In these pains there is a Disease somtimes apparent, as redness to the whole Ear, or more inward to be seen by the light: or Exulceration. Often blood, matter, floweth out, of it self, or by pressing the lower part. We have seen water come forth in abundance, as in a Girle after a fal, first blood, then water with pain, and after blood and water, and then death followed, after a few daies sleep. Somtimes worms come forth. Somtimes pain is deep without these signs.

The Causes.

The Membranes only are sensible, * 1.163 which are about the Cavities and the pain is from them, either from the Membrane most outward, before the drum, or from that within, be∣hind the drum, being dilated by the Nerve; and then the pain is with noise. The Diseases that cause this pain in the Membranes are cold or hot distemper or Ma∣lignant, a stretching, or manifest hurt of the Mem∣brane.

A hot distemper causeth itching in the Ears, * 1.164 but an Inflamation causeth pain, that is pricking, beating or shooting with burning. This pain is as the blood that flowes thither is hotter, or more inflamed. And they have a little feaver with shivering and with Head-ach. And when the Inflammation turnes to an impostume the pain encreaseth, and when it breaks the pain ceaseth, and bloody matter comes first, then concocted or discoulered: this matter retai∣ned causeth itching and new pain, and corrupting caus∣eth worms somtimes. We thought this matter had come from an Ulcer without the canal of the Eare, because the Ear being pressed near therto, it came forth. The cause of this hot distemper is either pains from outward injuries, that causeth the defluxion into the part: or fulness and heat of blood in the Veins, that flows upon the part, with a Feaver and Head-ach go∣ing afore.

A cold distemper from cold Air outwardly or wind disturbs the Mem∣branes in the outward Cavity of the Ear and causeth pain, * 1.165 or cold water in the Ear: It is somtimes in the in∣ward Chamber of the Ear from the defluxion of a wa∣terish humor, such as we see fall cold from the Nose, which distempers the inward Membranes.

An evil qualitie that causeth the pains in the Head and bony parts in the french Pox and other diseases, * 1.166 may hurt these Membranes in the Cavities of the Ears, and cause a pricking pain.

The itching in the outward part of the Ear or tickling comes often from irritation, * 1.167 or provokling, as from hot blood, boyling in the Vessels of these Membranes, or from matter, or chol∣lerick filth in the Ear, or other things fallen into the Ears, which chiefly offend the outward Mem∣brane.

A stretching by which these Membranes seem to be as it were pulled from the bones to which they are joy∣ned, causeth a stretching pain in the Ears, this same thing is from wind, from which there is rather a strange noise, then a pain, as we shewed in the hurt of hearing, * 1.168 except it sil the inward Chamber of hearing so that pressing the Membranes it causeth a kind of pain. Or being bred under the Membranes of both Cavities internal and external (as wind, may bred in the whol body and is most constrai∣ned between the Membranes) it cause a twiching and tearing pain, by drawing the Membranes from the bones. I have known this distension in the Ears with much pain by consent of the Membranes through the whol body, come from straining much in going to the stool, and in pissing forth a stone from the neck of the Bladder, and in great and loud Vociferation and whooping, and also in difficult Child bearing, as in one who had no pain during her travil, but in her ears. And she was dul of hearing all the time of her lying in and long after.

A manifest hurt from outward in∣juries or things fallen in or thrust into the ears, * 1.169 which prick or cut the Mem∣branes causeth pain. And if there were violence and blood comes forth, there is a mani∣fest wound; And Inflammation come, the pain is in∣creased, and the more, if an Impostume follow, which being broken, matter cometh forth.

The Cure.

The Cure is divers, in respect of the Disease, as it is a hot distemper Inflammation or Ulcer, or a cold dis∣temper Malignant, or other hurt.

If the Ears only inwardly itch from a hot distemper it goes of it self away, * 1.170 espe∣cially, if the Air be cool, or by cold Me∣dicines, which I shall declare; Or if hot blood remaining in the Vessels, cause the itching, it is cured by revelling that, and purging and cooling it. * 1.171 But if In∣flammation cause pain, you must per∣sently draw back the Flux of blood from the part, and stop it from retur∣ning, allay the heat, asswage the pain, and discuss what remains. Or if it come to an Impostume and being bro∣ken, leaves an Ulcer, you must proceed, as in that case. Thus,

We revel and derive the Flux of blood, by let∣ting blood, by Scarifying and Cupping and by Hors∣leeches, and by Friction, as in Opthalmy.

And we use the same Clysters and Purges if the body be bound as in Ophthalmy.

We give to drink things that cool and thicken to stop the course of the blood when hot especially, and things that by propriety asswage pain in the Ears, as they say the flesh of Dormice made up with Honey doth.

We use the medicines mentioned in Ophthalmy to the jugular veins and temples to hinder the Flux, and if there be Head-ach, we use Vinegar of Roses and o∣ther things to oppose both pains.

Into the Ears we drop many Liquors, two or three drops, and if these fill the Ear, after they wet the sides thereof, that they may not longer hinder the Hearing, especially if strong, least they hurt the Drum, you must turn the Head that they may fall out of the Ear again. Or you must apply outwardly hot Cataplasms upon the Ear, so that they may fill the Cavity. or a Fomen∣tation with a Spunge. or a hot Fume. and we use Al∣layers of pain when it riseth, and things that repell or drive back at the first if there be a flux, and Coolers, and in the progress and declination we use Digesters, and if it imposthumate, we use Digesters thus.

To asswage pain, new warm Milk or the white of an Egg beaten to Liquor, Ducks or Hens Grease, Oyl of sweet Almonds and yolks of Eges, or Oyl in which Earth-worms or Snails have been boyled, which have been first taken out of their shels with the slime, or in which Hog-lice or Millipides have been boyled, or Oyl of Poppy, or Henbane seed, or the juyce of Poppy or Henbane.

Or drop these Compositions into the Ears. Take Womens Milk two ounces, the white of a an Egg beaten half an ounce; with Goose Grease two drams: mix them.

Another. Take mucilage of Fleabane and Faenugreek seeds, and whites of Eggs beaten, each half an ounce; Goose grease two drams: mix them with Oyl of Almonds and Milk; add three or four grains of Opium to make it stronger.

A third. Take Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces, juyce of Mallows half an ounce, Myrrh half a dram, Saffron half a scruple, Opium three or four grains.

A fourth. Take Oyl of white Henbane seed a dram, as much Saffron and Castor as a Pease; mix them.

An anodyne Emplaster. Take crums of Bread a pound, boyl them in Milk, add flour of Line seed and Faenugreek each an ounce; Oyl of Chamaemel an ounce and an half, two yolks of Eggs: mix them, and if you add Opium it wil be better.

Or: Take Marshmallow rootts an ounce, Mallows, Nighshade, St. Johns wort, each a handful; flowers Dill, Chamaemel, Roses, each a pugil; Line seed half an ounce, Mallows, Marshamallows, and Poppy seeds, each two drams: make a Decoction in Water or Milk for a Fomentation or Fume: If you add Leaves of Poppy, or Henbane, or Man∣drake roots, or Poppy heads when there is pain it will be better.

O: Take the faeces of this Decoction, and beat them with Hogs grease, Calves marrow, mucilage of Fleabane and Faenugreek, each an ounce; Oyl of Chamaemel and Violets, each an ounce; fresh Butter an ounce and an half, Saffron half a dram: make a Cataplasm.

To drive back and to ease pain. Take Oyl of Roses, and Violets, and sweet Almonds, each equal parts, add Earth∣worms, Sows, Snails, and with a little white Wine, boyl and strain them.

Or: Take Oyl of Roses two ounces, Vinegar an ounce, Saffron half a scruple, Opium three or four grains, boyl them til the Vinegar is consumed, or in stead of Opium and Saffron, add Philonium Romanum two drams, boyl them in Oyl and Vinegar.

To cool and drive back, put in Oyl of Roses or Violets, juyce of Plantane, Nightshade, Willow, Venus navel, and the like.

Or this: Take Oyl of Roses an ounce and an half, juyes of Pomegranates and Plantane, each half an ounce; white Wine Vinegar two drams: boyl them till the Juyces are consumed.

Or this Fomentation. Take Plantane, Willow, Vio∣lets, Lettice, each an handful; red Roses a pugil, Pomegra∣nate flowers half a pugil, Pomegranate Pills half an ounce, boyl them in red Wine, and with a little Vinegar foment the Ear.

Or: Take the residence of this Decoction: add meal of Lentiles a pugil, oyl of Roses and Myrtles, each an ounce and an half; one raw Egg, make a Cataplasm for to be laid upon the Ear.

To discuss the Inflammation, mix hot things, and in the decrease use them alone, as Oyl of Chamaemel, Melilot, Dill, Lillies, dropt into the Ears, and other hot things inwardly and outwardly, such as shal be menti∣oned when it proceeds from a cold cause.

If the Inflammation tends to maturation which is known by the beating and not ceasing of pain use things to digest as Basi∣licon with Line seed Oyl into the Ears. * 1.172

Outwardly apply this Cataplasm which asswageth pain. Take a great Onyon and white Lilly roots, roast them in the Embers, beat them, add Lineseed meal an ounce, Butter an ounce and an half, oyl of Chamomel and Line seed each half an ounce, Saffron half a dram: make a Cataplasm.

The juyce of an Onyon openeth a ripe Imposthume with Leaven dissolved in it.

If an Ulcer follow the Impost∣hume opened first clense, * 1.173 then add Driers, and heal it with the same.

Use the same Clensers as were prescribed for Hear∣ing hindered. And these,

Sugar, or Sugar candy, or Honey dissolved in Whey or Barley water.

These are stronger, Honey of Squils, juyce of Smallage, Fennel, Beets, Onyons, Leeks, Horehound, Wormwood, Cen∣tory, alone, or with Honey.

The Decoction of Lupines and Agarick do the same.

Wine clenseth wel, and also Lixivinm or Lie.

Turpentine with Honey and Wine doth the same.

Aegyptiacum is the strongest, for a sordid Ulcer, tem∣pered with Honey if you please.

To heal and dry. Take Plantane, Shepheards pouch, and Shepheards rod, Scabious, Birthwort, Solomons seal, Fleabane, and the thickned juyces of green Grapes, Oyl of O∣live and Hypocistis alone or with Wine Vinegar and Ho∣ney.

Or the Decoction of Birthwort, Galls, Pomegranate peels, and other Driers in Wine or steeled Water.

Rust of Iron in astringent Wine and a little Vinegar is excellent or the Decoction of Litharge.

This is best. Take fine pouder of Steel half an ounce, Vitriol a dram: boyl them in Wine and Vinegar, or Vine∣gar alone if you wil have it stronger, and strain it.

A good Liniment. Take Cinnabar and Litharge, of each equal parts, and with Honey or syrup of dried Roses: make a Liniment, drop a little into the Ear, or put it up∣on a Tent.

Or this to breed flesh. Take Ceruss, Tutty prepared,

each a dram; roots of Birthwort, Myrrh, Sarcocol, Aloes each half a dram; Orris a scruple, make a fine Pouder: mix them with Honey Or juyce of green Grapes.

It is stronger with Verdegreece and filings of Iron quenched and ground with Vinegar, especially when a Scar is to be raised.

You may use divers Waters for the Eyes here, and the strongest, because the Ear is less offended therewith than the Eye.

To Cure an Ulcer in the Ear, a Fume is excellent, because it gets through and drieth, as of Pitch, Turpen∣tine, Frankincense, and other Gums burned, which are Driers. Or the Pouders mentioned white a little Cin∣nabar which is very drying.

If Worms breed from the filth of the Ear and provoke, * 1.174 you must draw them out or kill them, as was shewed in the Defect of Hearing from things fallen in.

Juyce of Wormwood is the best to kil them, and of Centory, Arsmart, and Peach Leaves, and of wild Cowcumber.

Or a Decoction of Lupins, Coloquintida, white Hellebore in Wine vinegar.

Or Beasts Galls.

Or bitter Oyls, as of Peach kernels, and bitter Al∣monds.

Or thus. Take Coloquintida half a scruple, white Helle∣bore a scruple, Aloes half a dram: with the juyce of Peach leaves make a Liniment.

In the Worms of the Ear for killing and drawing forth, as in the Worms of the Nose and Brain, the Oyntment of Capons Grease, and Oyl of Hazel, with a little Mercury precipitate or sweet is good, if it be put into the Ears with Cotton. And the Decoction of Hemp distilled.

If the pain come from a simple cold distemper, * 1.175 or with matter from Wind, then if the Humor or Wind be present, we use Cupping or Friction to revell it, and Cly∣sters and Purges which do the same, and evacu∣ate the humor. And we derive the matter by the Mouth and Nose, as is shewed in the Hurt of Hearing, from these causes, and we discuss with Baths and other Sudoroficks. If it be only a distemper, we alter it with heat and hot Diet, as with the flesh of Dormice as we shewed, which hath a propriety.

We use the same things inwardly and outwardly to the Ears, or these.

Take Oyl of biter Almonds, of Peach kernels, Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, alone or together.

When the pain is intollerable. Take Oyl of Henbane seeds half a dram, Castor half a scruple, Saffron six grains.

Or: Take a hollow Onyon and put into it Castor, Eu∣phorbium, each half a scruple; Opium six grains, fil it with Oyl of bitter Almonds roasted in the Embers: strain and use it.

Or: Take a piece of a Snakes skin, boyl it in Oyl of Worms, add Sows or woodlice, and strain it, you may add a little Oyl of Scorpions.

Or: Take juyce of Pellitory, Horehound, each an ounce; Oyl of Bayes an ounce and an half, Ox gall a scruple, Hens grease a little: boyl them til the Juyces are spent, anoynt and drop into the Ear.

A little Spunge dipt in Vinegar with a little Salt is good to be applied close to the Ears.

This Decoction or the Fume thereof is good for the Ear. Take Organ, Pennyroyal, Rue, Baies, each a hand∣ful; Wormwood half a handful, Chamomel, Melilot, and Dill flowers, each a pugil; Bay, Elder, or Ivy berries, each an ounce; Faenugreek seeds two drams, Carua seeds a dram: boyl them in Wine and Water.

Make Bags of these Driers.

Or thus: Take Panicum a pugil, Organ, Marjoram, each a handful; Chamomel flowers a pugil, Saffron half a dram: pouder them for a Bag.

Or: Take roasted Onyons and Leeks, each three ounces; beat them, add meal of Line seed and Foenugreek, each half an ounce; Peach kernels an ounce, boyl in Milk and stamp them, add Goose grease an ounce, Oyl of Dill, or Earth-worms, or Butter two ounces, Saffron a scruple.

They say it is good against pain to rub the Ear with Garlick, because it draweth the matter outwards: but the roots of Squils, Sowbread, Cuckow-pints, or Dra∣gons, are stronger.

Some apply green Tobacco leaves to the Ears, and then dry them, and apply them again.

If an evil malignant quality as in a long Head-ach and French Pox produce pricking in the Ears with noise; * 1.176 after long and strong evacu∣ations by Sweat especially, it ceaseth with the Disease, and if any remain it is taken away by the Topicks mentioned in a cold cause and moist, in the Cure.

Provocations, Itchings, and other pains of the Ears, * 1.177 if they come from filth in them, or that falls into them, we shewed you how they may be removed in the hinderence of Hearing.

The violent hurts which cause a Wound, * 1.178 are cured as other pun∣cturs and wounds. First if In∣flammation be feared, let blood, and repell it with things put into the Ears. Then drop in things that asswage pain, and stop the Flux, after use Driers and Healers, as we shewed in Ulcers.

CHAP. VI. Of Diseases or Griefs of the Nostrils.

The Kinds.

THe Kinds of Pains or Diseases in the Nostrils are divers.

There is an often Itching, * 1.179 or Tickling, Sneesing follows it som∣times, and the Nose droppeth.

Somtimes it is Burning, * 1.180 and the Nostrils are hot, and red, and infla∣med, with a tumor within, or In∣flammation that obstructeth the passage.

Somtimes there is a pain like an Ulcer and blood is blown out, * 1.181 or hard flegm: Or Snot or stinking matter, and there is a stink in the Nose which the peo∣ple presently perceive more than the Patient in that cal∣led Ozaena. And there is a deformity of the Nose therewith, which spoileth the whol Face. The Voyce is hoarse, and as coming from a hollow place, the Pa∣late is eaten through with a great hole, and the breath∣ing

is hindered, as we have seen alwaies in the Ele∣phantiasis, often in the French Pox.

The Causes.

The Grief of the Nostrils, proceeds from a Disease, which is either Irritation or Provocation, or a hot dis∣temper or solution of continuity.

The Nostrils being very sensible are easily provoked, * 1.182 hence comes tickling or itching, and somtimes sneesing from the same Causes that we shewed, sneezing proceed, as externally from light and splender, strong scents, things put into the Nose that are sharp, or intetnally from thin blood in the Vessels, or from waterish and sharp blood, with tears that come from the Head and twitch the Nostrils. And Choler which is usually purged at the Ears, may be brought to the Nose and cause the same.

A great heat may cause burning in the Nose, * 1.183 to which is joyned som∣times a true Inflammation with tu∣mor and obstruction, as may hap∣pen from an outward hurt or inter∣nal, when the cause is very pricking, from whence the Nostrils are usual∣ly afflicted, as in Coryza, where the Nose is outwardly red and inflamed, as woll as inwardly.

A Solution of continuity, with∣in or Excoriation, * 1.184 or Wound, or Ulcer, reacheth somtimes out∣wardly. These may be from picking, as with the Nayles, or burning Errhines or Nose Medi∣cines, such as we use in Cure of Polypus. Somtimes from a sharp defluxion that hath long passed that way, the Nose is ulcerated inwardly and outwardly, with the help of often blowing it.

There are in the spungy bones at the bottom of the Nose foul, stubborne and long Ulcers, somtimes such as corrode and creep on, somtimes they pirce the thick runicle of the pallate and eat of the bridg of the Nose which causeth it to fal. Often also the bones which are near the upper Jaw are consumed and leave a great space in the palate through which a stink hath passed that anoyed the whol room where we were. And it is manifest that worms have been bred of this filth and come forth.

These may be from the causes mentio∣ned, * 1.185 as if the Nose be deeply hurt, or the Ulcer neglected, or the remedies come not to the part by reason of its moy∣sture and cannot have operation. These called Ozae∣nae come chiefly from the Flux of burning or malig∣nant humors sent by nature to the part and there are perverse and cancerous Ulcers and tumors. But be∣cause this is not only in this part, but a malignant hu∣mor and quality in other places, especially the Membranes, as in the Elephantiasis and French Pox, then they of the Nose grow together with other putrid and Malignant Ulcers which eate away the Nose and the bones, and produce other accidents.

The Cure.

If the itch of the Nose come from provocation, * 1.186 remove the cause whether internal or external, and if it cease not, qualifie it. As we shewed in neesing which often followeth, and shall be shewed in defluxions and in Coryza.

If the Nose be hot or inflamed then there is redness heat and tu∣mor external, * 1.187 to be cured as we shewed in the greifes that come from diseases in the superficies of the body.

Ulcers of the Nose, * 1.188 internal and sim∣ple, without matter or stink, are cured with strong dryers, because the part is ve∣ry moist. But matter must be first clean∣sed, as it abounds. Or is stinking, or as the flesh grows rank, which is hard to be cured. Somtimes they are incurable and leave deformity. Before these topicks purge Excrements, if they produce these Ulcers or nourish them. If they come from evil and Malignant humors, you must use divers Evacuations of the whol body, as in Elephantiasis, especially by sweat in the French Pox, as shall be declared.

These are put into the Nose, snuffings or oyntments with Cotton, or Suppositories, or Fumes, or Pouders blown up. And if you will not have them fall into the mouth, through the Nostrils, hold cold water in the mouth, when you take them.

Other gentle clensers are made of Whey with Ho∣ney, or red Sugar, or Wine and Honey, or Oxy∣mel.

Lixivium and Urin cleanse more, especially if you add a little Allum, or if you keep them in a brass basin to gather Rust or Verdigreese.

The Decoction of Gujacum in a Lixivium, with Honey will clense more, but astringent Wine will dry more, especially in the French Pox.

The juyce of Ivy clenseth, filleth in the Nose, and is approved by Dioscorides.

A clensing and drying Errhine: Take juyce of Pome∣granates and Plantane, each two ounces; Honey and Wine, each an ounce; with Allum and Vitriol: mix them.

Another Oyntment: Take juyce of Ivy and Plantane, each two ounces; Pomegranate, wine Vinegar and Honey of Roses, each an ounce; Oyl of Roses and Myrtles, of each an ounce and an half; boyl them, add green Wax, made with Verdugreese.

Aegyptiacum. if used in foul Ulcers alone, when you must clense much and when the flesh is foul.

You may with wariness apply Aqua Fortis, or Subli∣mate, or Spirit of Vitriol, with a quil to the Ulcer. Or water of Lime quenched in it.

Make a dry and heating Errhine: Thus, Take Plan∣tane, Horse-tail, Agrimony, Brambles, Solomans seal or Rup∣ture wort, of each a handful; Pomegranate peels an ounce, Galls, Comfrey roots, each half an ounce: boyl them in Wa∣ter and red Wine, and a little Vinegar and Honey.

Or thus, when the Gristle of the Nose begins to be corroded and the Nose bend: Take juyce of Plantane, Agrimony, Mouse-ear, Burnet, Roses and Smallage, each an ounce; Vinegar and Honey, of each an ounce; Allum two drams, Frankincense and Myrrh, each a dram; Chalcitis a scruple: mix them, for an Errhine to be snuft up.

An Oyntment for the same: Take Litharge and Ce∣russ washt in Plantane water, of each half an ounce; Tutty prepared and Lead burnt and washt, each two drams; Myrrh and barke of Fraukincense, each a dram; round Birth-wort half a dram, with juyce of Plantane and Oyl of Roses, mix them.

Or thus: Take roots of round Birth-wort, Pomgranate pecels or flowers, of each two drams; barke of Frankincense,

Myrrh, Aloes, Labdanum, Dragons blood, Gum Traganth a little parcht, of each a dram; Lime often slaked two drams, Allum and Chalcitis, each half a dram; Oyl half an ounce, Mucilage of Ising-glass, infused in Plantane water an ounce with Oyl of Roses, and red Wax, and Cinnabar prepared, make a Liniment, or thick Oyntment, or a Mass to put into the Nose.

A Pouder: Take Tutty prepared, Coral burnt and wa∣shed, of each a dram; barke of Frankincense, roots of Birth∣wort, each half a dram: make a Pouder, and snuff.

Many Medicines mentioned in the Ulcers of Eyes and Ears are good in the Nose.

Smoak which comes best at an Ulcer, when pro∣found or deep, doth well to dry and to burn, if they be vehement and Malignant hold the breath while they are applied, and remove them, till breath be fetcht.

Thus they are made: Take Frankincense, Mastick, Labdanum, each two drams: Storax, Benzoin, Gum of Ju∣niper, each a dram and an half; Sanders a dram, wood Aloes half a dram: make a pouder, sprinkle it upon live coals for to smoak.

In the worst Ulcers: Take the pouder afore said, add Myrrh a dram, Marcasites, red Orpiment, Cinnabar (in the French pox) each half a dram; make pouder for a smoak or fume, make Balls of them with Turpentine or Gum.

The smoake of Cinnabar with which the whol body is fumed in the French pox, coming to the Nose, doth not only Cure this disease, but other diseases of the Nose of the like sort, if the Head be a little held there∣in.

There is a Candle made of red Wax and Cinna∣ber, which if lighted and put out will smoake to the Nose.

Or thus, Wax as much as a Nut, add some of the first or second mentioned pouder, make it with your hands into a Candle with a wick; use it as the former.

Another that maketh much black smoake: Take Pitch and Rosin, each equal parts, with a little Brim-stone, dissolve them at the fire, and with a wick make a Can∣dle, let it be lighted and the smoake pass through a fun∣nel to the Nose, and be presently removed.

If there be crusts in the Nose that stick fast to the Ul∣cer, take them of with Butter or Mucilage.

If there be proud Flesh, Cure it as I shewed in Po∣lypus.

The wounds in the Nostrils are cu∣red with the same means, * 1.189 as they in the Ears, with things put in that stop blood, then dry and heal, if they ulcerate, Cure them as others Ulcers.

CHAP. VII. Of Griefs or Pain of the Mouth.

The Kinds,

THe Griefs of the fleshy parts of the Mouth, as the Tongue, Gums, Cheeks and Palate, in any or all of them: come somtimes to the Jaws, of which we shall speak hereafter: they are distinguished, as they have sense of roughness, or heat, or burning, or prick∣ing, or are ulcerated.

There is molestation in the mouth and tongue, * 1.190 only with sense of roughness, be∣cause the taste and Speech are offended, we speak thereof in the hurt of Speech and Tast.

I have seen some that have had burning and pricking in the sides and tip of the Tongue many years without any appearent disease. * 1.191 Somtimes in this part only, som∣times in the tips and other parts of the body, as we shall shew in pains of the habit of the body.

Somtimes the tongue is troub∣led only with heat, * 1.192 somtimes with burning also and a manifest disease. And then it is not exactly red as other parts that are white, but yellow and swels and is in∣flamed, and is somtimes also ve∣ry dry and rough and is cleft, and hath pimples somtimes, which so molest the Patient that he cannot speak without pain and stammerring, and the part near and the jaws are afflicted therewith, and there is a quinsie and the patient is in danger of suffocation. These are most in feavers; but not alone as I shewed in Feavers continual and malignant, cal∣led in High-dutch Breune. Also this Inflammation of the mouth, may come from the use of quick-silver in the French Pox.

The Gums often swel and are hot, at the roots of the Teeth, with a tumor appearing outward, as in the Tooth-ach, and the pain is great, especially when the inflammation Impostumateth, as shall be shewed in pains of the Teeth.

Also the Checks and Palate by consent of the parts, and of themselves do swel and are inflamed.

There is somtimes such a pain with swelling and Inflamation in the loose flesh under the tongue, * 1.193 in the disease called the Frog, which extendeth also to the parts adjoyning, and being suppurated it turns to an Impo∣stum. * 1.194 And I saw a long stone which came from thence after great pain. Con∣cerning the tumor, without pain I shall speak elsewhere.

There is also in divers parts of the mouth a sharp pain, * 1.195 with burning or without: with Pustles in the tongue or Palate or cheeks or Gums, often in Infants by means of the smal Pox.

Somtimes it is with Excoriation after the Pustles are broken.

And with clefts in the tongue, long and cross, there is great pain, and that with dryness and Inflammation of the tongue. And this pain is increased by hot or sharp meats.

There is also pain with Ulceration, after Excoriari∣on, or Rawness, or Pustles broken, or after an Inflam∣mation impostumated, especially under the tongue, or at the root of the Gums in the Tooth-ach.

Little Ulcers are called Aphthae or Thrush, * 1.196 they are in the Cheeks, Sides of the tongue and root there∣of, Gums or Palate, in one, two, or more places. These are in Children usually, and in the French Pox; they are at the first smal, as Lentiles round and white in the middle, and red about; infla∣med and painful, they spread presently, if you prevent not, and infect the parts adjoyning.

From these neglected cometh a malig∣nant Ulcer in Children especially, * 1.197 or from other causes, it is in the Gums with little or no pain, Rhasis cals it the Cancer of the Gums. It is first white and mattery, then yellow, after black, it creeps on, and is hollow, and eats up the Gums where it is, and the Jaw-bone, and turns to a Sphacelus, And I have seen a piece of a rotten Jaw with the Teeth taken out which deformed the Face. And in two Chil∣dren of a Merchant my Country-man, that bred teeth, I saw an Ulcer that eat up the upper teeth before, and another after the drawing of the tooth, that eat up the lower Jaw-bone, tongue, and palate, and at length af∣ter great torment caused their Death.

The Tumor and Ulcer of the Gums in the usual Disease, * 1.198 in Northern Sea towns called the Scurvy may be referred to this: In which the Gums swell and sweat blood, are rotten and so consumed that the roots of the teeth are bare. We shal only speak here of this Scurvy as it is in the Mouth; but in Diseases that foul the body, we shal speak fully of it as it infects the Feet with Spots, and Swellings, and Ulcers.

Somtimes there is a pain with a Wound made by a Prick, a Cut, or a Bite with Inflammation also. If this pierce the Cheek, it is in the number of outward Wounds.

The Causes.

The Disease which causeth these pains in the mouth is either in the Nerve, and appears not, or in the sen∣sible parts of the Mouth mentioned. And it is either a hot Distemper alone, or with Inflammation or Soluti∣on of Continuity.

There is a burning often of the tongue when no hurt appears from the Nerve afflicted, * 1.199 it is long and tedious. How this is caused we shal shew in Diseases of the habit of the body as we did in A∣stonishment and Palsie.

A hot Distemper alone causeth only heat in the Tongue, if it be with Inflammation, it causeth heat and burning with swelling. And thence come Pustles, and Ex∣coriation or Rawness, if it come from outward things that burn the Tongue. But these come commonly from an inward cause, as a hot Vapor in hot Diseases and Burning malignant Fevers, which flies up and infecteth, and if the inflam∣mation of the, Tongue cause a flux of blood to the jaws with heat and pain, there is a Squinsie. The same may be from a bloody humor pure or impure that comes to these parts, and the Tongue and Gums may be infla∣med chiefly. This may happen in divers Diseases, and in the French Pox.

If it flow to the loose flesh under the tongue it raiseth a tumor there with Inflammation, and that suppurated turns to an Imposthume. This Flux to that part is caused by a Stone bred there from a waterish humor which caused great pain, often from pain of the Teeth, as shal be there mentioned, there is a Defluxion upon the Gums causing an Inflammation and Swel∣ling.

A Solution of continuity is the cause of an Ulcerous Pain, * 1.200 with Excoriation, or Cefts, and ulcer in the Mouth and Tongue.

This comes from things put into the Mouth that wound it, but more usually from a mans biting himself by the Tongue or Cheeks.

Burning things actually or potentially raise up the Skin, and cause bladders and excoriation after they are broken. In a tender Mouth, as of an Infant, sharp things may cause it, they say the Aphtha or Thrush is caused by sharp milk or Bread guawn by Mice: If sharp things are also piercing they do it more, whereof I have observed in my self and others that if young Children eat green Nuts and Grapes together, their Tongues wil be cleft and pained.

Also where the Tongue is too dry from Causes men∣tioned in the hurt of Tasting, it is cleft.

These Pustles or Thrush and Ulcers, somtimes ma∣lignant. may come from hot cholerick melancholick sharp and salt Blood abounding, as in other parts of the body in these moist and tender parts.

And if such matter be in the spittle it may come from thence, as we have observed by the force of Quick-sil∣ver the Spittle hath been so infected in fluxing for the Pox that Inflammation and Ulcers have followed.

Also these Ulcers come from a Disease that went a∣fore, as from an Imposthume after Inflammation. A Wound or simple rawness by reason of the moistness of the part is easily turn'd into an Ulcer, and the Thrush neglected. In an Elephantiasis or Leprosie and in the French Pox though they use no Quick-silver, and in the Scurvy, by reason of their venemous quality (as shal be shewed) there are Ulcers in the Mouth and Jaws.

The Cure.

If Inflammation and preterna∣tural heat of the parts of the mouth come from other Diseases, * 1.201 as Fevers, they must be first cured, as we shewed in Fevers, by let∣ting blood for the Fevers, and Sweating, and by cool∣ing the Heart, Liver, and Reins, restraining the cor∣ruption, and preserving the strength. But chiefly for the Tongue when much afflicted, to prevent a Squin∣sie and Death by the Inflammation going to the Jaws, open the Vein under the Tongue, although you have let blood before for the Fever and use diversions, by Cupping, Scarifying, Rubbing often, and things that heat and keep down foul vapors, and quench the great heat, not only for the Fever, but for the tongues sake: Examples of which we shewed in Fevers. In other Causes, use diversions, as in Fevers by bleeding and the like, as when the Gums are inflamed in the Tooth∣ach.

Lest the mouth be inflamed by the use of quicksilver, before you apply it, wash the mouth often with Milk, fat Broath, Butter, or Oyl of sweet Almonds, and a∣noynt the Tongue therewith.

If it be a simple heat, wash the mouth with cold things, and moisten it, if it be dry, and if you fear In∣flammation Astringe, and Repell, adding Clensers, by reason of the slime in the Mouth, and somtimes Resist∣ers of Venom, and then use Digesters and Ripeners. if it tend to an Imposthume.

We shewed in the hurt of Tasting what wil allay the heat and driness of the tongue.

When in the beginning of an Inflammation, we will repel and cool, together use these following.

Spring-water, and Rain water, astringe a little; and Wine Vinegar or Rose Vinegar added to sharpen it.

Also waters of Violets, Water-lillies, Night-shade, Purslane, Lettice, and these Astringents, Rose water, Plantane, Privet, Honey-suckle, and Myrtle water; chiefly water of Self-heal, used with Vinegar or other waters, for it cooleth not much of it self.

Thus: Take water of Prunella or Self-heal four ounces, Rose, Plantane, Straw-berry and Purslane water, of each two ounces; Rose Vinegar and Honey of Rose, each an ounce; with a little Allum, or a drop or two of Spirit of Vitriol, and then it will bind more.

Also sharp Juyces, as of Mul-berries, Bay-berries, Grapes, Cherries, Oranges, Limons, Citrons and Sor∣rel with Vinegar or alone, and the juyce of Lettice is counted best, these may be chewed or the juyce taken often.

Or you may boyl the Fruits, and wash the Mouth with the Decoction.

Or give the Juyces with Honey or alone.

Or the syrups made of them, chiefly that of Mul∣berries, may be mixed with Mouth water, or licked. In the French Pox, syrup of Violets, with the De∣coction of Barley and Roses, cureth the Inslamma∣tion.

The vulgar High-dutch use the distill'd water of that Liquor, in which they pickle Cabbages, called Sum∣pistbren, or the liquor it self, if it be shaken together. To which you may add other juyces.

A cooling and repelling Decoction: Take Violet leaves, Lettice, Plantane, Prunella or Self-heal, Willow, Sorrel, Vine, Straw-berry, each a handful; red Roses, An∣tirrhinum the great, Mallows, Barley, each a pugil; Gourd seeds two drams, Bar-berries a dram, soure Berries ten pair, soure Prunes six, boyl them in Water and sharp Wine, add a little Sugar and Honey of Roses, use ir so, or with Juyces, or Syrups.

Another more astringent: Take Mouse-ear, Privet, Self-heal, Plantane, Brambles, Myrtles, each a handful; red Roses, Water-lilly, Barley, Vetches, each a pugil; Prunes or Cherries, Cornil berries or Cervises or Quinces some few, Bar-berries dryed an ounce, boyl all in red Wine, add Ho∣ney three ounces, syrup of Pomegranats two ounces, wash the Mouth therewith.

In the increase of the Inflammation, add Digesters, thus: Take Liquorish an ounce, Self-heal two handfuls, Plantane a handful, Hysop half a handful, Mallow flowers, red Roses, each a pugil; Sage and Rosemary flowers, of each half a pugil; Beans and Lentiles, of each an ounce; Fenu∣greek and Linseed, each half an ounce; Acron cups six drams, Figs ten, Raysons not stoned twenty pair, boyl all in Water, add a little Wine and two ounces of Honey, syrup of dryed Roses an ounce, syrup of Mul-berries half an ounce.

Or thus: Take Self-heal two handsuls, Ground-sil, Cross-wort, Honey-suckles, Plantane, Hysop, Sage, Maiden∣hair, each a handful; red Roses a pugil, Myrrh two drams, a little Saffron, and two ounces of Honey: boyl them in Wa∣ter, add a little Allum.

Or thus: Take Water of Self-heal six ounces, Plantane, Rose, Sage and Hysop water, each two ounces; Honey of Ro∣ses, and a little Allum.

I have done much in these Inflammations, with deep Ulcers, with Salt-peter prepared, called Lapis prunellae, dissolved in Sage water, washing the Mouth warm therewith.

In Inflammations ready to ulcerate. from the use of quick-silver, some anoynt with Treacle, Aqua vitae and Vinegar, or distil a water of them, and add Bole or other dryers, by this they believe the Poyson of the quick-silver, is taken away, and they also wash with a Decoction of Lignum vitae.

When Inflammations tend to Maturation: Take Marsh-mallow roots an ounce and an half, Figs twelve, Dates six, Tamarinds and Cassia with the seeds ten, Fenu∣greek and Lineseed, each half an ounce; Mallows and Cha∣momil flowers, each a pugil; boyl them in Goats Milk, dissolve the white of an Egg and a little Honey and Saf∣ron.

If the Inflammation be not only in the Tongue, but in other parts, you may anoynt under the Chin, at first with repelling Oyls, as of Roses, after with discus∣sers, as Oyl of Chamomil and Lillies.

If the Inflammation under the Tongue tend to sup∣puration, make Cataplasmes of Marsh-mallow roots, Linseed, and other meats with Saffron, these asswage pain, and ripen, or boyl them in Milk and wash the Mouth. We shall shew the forms of these and such as open Impostums, in the treatise of Inflammations of the Jaws. If a quinfie be joyned with an Inflam∣mation of the Tongue, or follow it, there are Medi∣cines.

In solutions of continuity, Pustles, * 1.202 Rawness, Clefts and Ulcers, if they come from an internal cause that must first be evacuated. If they come from other causes, yet if the body be foul or Plethorick, the Cure will be sooner done after purging. If the cause be malignant that must be first taken away, as in the French Pox, Leprosie and Scorbute. If that cannot be taken away, the Ulcers that come from thence can never be cured, these first done, apply Topicks for Pustles, Fis∣sures, Rawness and Ulcers.

In Pustles, if there be an Inflammation, the Medi∣cines there, are proper, if they are without Inflam∣mation, they break of themselves and leave an Ulcer, which must be cured, as the Thrush. If they continue long and are troublesome, apply Leaven to ripen, or Starch with Urine, and a little Wine.

If there be an Inflammation, with Clefts, you must look to that first. If it be from dryness Cure it, as in Depraved tasting. If the Clefts are deep, dividing the tongue and causing pain, Cure them with dryers, as other Ulcers; adding some mollifying things, for the tongue which is naturally moist and soft: Such as shall be described in the outward Clefts of the Lips and Skin.

To which add this: Take burnt Allum half a dram, true Bole two drams, with Honey of Roses and Mucilage of Gum Traganth or Fleabane, make an Oyntment to anoynt the Clefts of the tongue.

In other Excoriations or Ulcers in the tongue and cheeks, or palate, or thrush, or ulcers of the Gums, creeping or other wise, corrupting, use strong dryers, by reason the part is moist: adding clensers, if there be soulness, and such as take down proud flesh. If there be Inflammation with the Ulcers, add cold repellers, as in the Inflammation of the Mouth was shewed: they bind and dry: Also if there be malignity, add things against it.

These are diversly applied, the Mouth may be wash∣ed, or they may be chewed, or used in smoake, or ap∣plied only to the Ulcers.

There are divers Mouth waters to be kept long where the Ulcer is.

A drying and clensing Decoction of Plants, sharp binding and clensing: Of Privet, Plantane, Mouse∣ear,

Agrimony, Horstayl, Sun-flowers, Blew-bottles, Olive leaves, Daysies, Honey-suckles, Golden rod, Bramble, Yarrow, Herb Robert or Crains bill, leaves of the wild Pear tree, Beech tree, Solomons seal, Rup∣ture wort, Ceterach, Myrtle, Mastick tree, Hazel, roots and leaves of five leaved Grass, wild Plumes, Comfrey, Barbery barke and Pomegranate peels, red Roses, Pomegranate flowers, Acorn cups, Labrusca, Barberies, Barley, Lentils, Cypress, Myrtle seeds, Co∣riander, Slows, Sumach, Mulberries, Seruises and Gals. If the mouth be slymy and foul, add Sage, wild Time, or Gum, wild Mints, Bay leaves and roots of Flower∣de-luce, and in the Scorbute, Scurvey Grass, Water∣cresses and Brook-lime, of these or some of these make a decoction with water that hath steel quencht in it, adding a little Wine, or Rose, Vinegar, or Honey or Sugar of Roses, or syrup of Roses, Myrtles, Mulber∣ries, or juyce of the Plants aforesaid, or of Pomegra∣granat, with Vinegar, Salt, or Allum, or Vitriol to make it a little sharp, or Bole, or juyce of Blood-stone ground.

It is excellent to use juyce of Oranges, Brook-lime, Water-cresses in Ulcers of the Gums.

Another Decoction to dry strongly: Take Bole an ounce, burnet, Plaster of Paris half an ounce, Allam two drams, Vitriol a dram; boyl them in white Wine.

Or make Mouth waters of Astringents, distilled wa∣ters of Roses, Privet, Plantane, Honey-suckles, and the like, with things aforesaid dissolved in them, increasing their quantity, because distilled waters dry less then Decoctions.

Or: Take unripe Grapes three pounds, Purslane and Plantane, of each two pound; whites of Eggs six, Allum a pound, beat them and still them, wash Ulcers there∣with.

It will be stronger, if before the stilling, you add a pound of Pomegranate peels, three ounces of Vitriol, and four ounces of Vinegar.

Or use this Allum water of Libathious: Take juyce of Plantane, Purslane and Allum, of each a pint; whites of Eggs twelve, stir them and distill them in Balneo.

For Ulcers in the French Pox, use this water to re∣press Venom: Take Tracle with Aqua vitae and Vinegar and distill a water from them. Or use this Gargarisme: Take Rose and Plantane water, of each two ounces; Aqua vitae and Vinegar, each half an ounce; syrup of Mulberries and Honey of Roses, each three drams; Treacle, Bole or Earth of Lemnos, each half a dram.

Mouth waters of the juyce of Fruits, are made more pleasant, then of Herbs, and cleanse more, as Juyce or Wine of Pomgranates, or Wine that is sharp and red, or Rose Vinegar, or Vinegar of Squils alone, or mix∣ed with other waters, Ulcers washt with these will seem as it were boyled afterwards; therefore to make the dryers work better, we first wash with these. Also juyce of Quinces, is excellent.

Some things chewed, leave their strength in the Mouth and heal Ulcers, as sharp Fruits, not ripe, as Mulberries, Cornil-berries, Quinces, Medlers and leaves of Privet, though not so pleasant, these eaten Cure the Thrush. And other Plants mentioned are good to be chewed.

Fumes are also good to dry, and those of Quick-sil∣ver, though it cause Ulcers, when inwardly taken, yet the smoake taken in at the Mouth, doth Cure them.

These following are also good. The Chirurgions use to anoynt the Mouth with Honey of Roses and burnt Allum to clense.

Or with the juyces of Herbs mentioned, mixed with Honey and boyled thick, the juyces of Mulberries and green Grapes are the best, these heal, and when we will clense, we add Allum or white Vitriol.

Pouders made of Plants dryed are used, Honey, juyce of Grapes or Mulberries,

A drying Pouder: Take Myrrh seeds, Bay-leaves, burne Harts-horn or Ivory, of each half a dram; burnt Coral a dram.

Another stronger: Take Galls, Pomegranate peels, each a dram; Dates stones and Acron cups burnt, Cypress roots, each half a dram, red Roses a scruple.

This is strongest: Take Acacia, Hypocistis, of each a dram, white Vitriol half a dram, Sal Gem a scruple, Ange∣lica roots half a scruple: make a Pouder.

A cleanser for the Gums ulcerated: Take Pumice stone two drams, Crab and Snail shels burnt, each a dram; Tutty prepared Allum and Tarter, each half a dram; Orris roots two scruples: make a pouder.

The Pouder of Briony for the Cancer of the Gums: Take Tutty prepared in rose water two drams, Gum Tra∣ganth torrified a dram; Sarcocol, Morlick, Frankincense, each half a dram; Orris roots and Calamints burnt, of each a dram: make ponder and mix it with juyce of Briony, dry it in the Sun then pouder it again, and add more juyce of Briony, do thus five times, rub the Gums with this Pouder and Honey till they bleed.

Or use Aegyptiacum for fordid ulcers of the Mouth and Gums.

When the Gums begin to consume: Take roots of Comphory, Pomgranate peels, each a dram; Frankincense, Myrrh, each half a dram; Chalcitis burnt a scruple, wh ite Vitriol half a scruple: make a Pouder.

Touch Ulcers with strong Liquors and after wash the Mouth with Wine.

As with Inke, made stronge with Verdigreece.

Or with this green Water: Take Verdigreece a dram, Orpiment a dram and an half, pouder and boyl them in white Wine two ounces, to half. When it is cold, add Rose and Nightshade water an ounce and an half.

Or thus: Take Verdigreece, Orpiment, Niter, Allum, each a scruple, and Galls as much: boyl them in Rose and Plantane water.

A simple Decoction of sublimate, is made with a dram of Sublimate, boyled in Rose or Plantane water, touch the Ulcer gently therewith, or make it milder with an ounce or two of Nightshade water.

Or thus: Take Sublimate three drams, red Lead a dram and an half, Verdigreece, Vitriol, each half a dram; burnt Allum an ounce, Bole two drams, white Wine ten ounces, Rosewater two ounces; boyl them.

These Ulcers and the thrush, and Ulcers of the Nose are cured, by being gently touched with Aqua fortis.

Potential Cauteries, also of Lime and Wine Lees are good to touch Ulcers, if by art you can keep them from the sound parts: but an actual Cautery is more certain, if it be used suddenly, for an Eschar wil be made and when that is gone, the Ulcer will be cured.

CHAP. VIII. Of Tooth-Ach.

The Kinds.

THe Tooth-ach is any pain in or about the Teeth, and it is either a true Tooth-ach, or such only as a little disturbeth.

A true Tooth-ach, is in or about one tooth, * 1.203 only somtimes in more, seldom in the Fore-teeth, but in the sides, and com∣monly but on one side, somtimes on both, somtimes in the upper, somtimes in the lower jaw, seldom in both, This is the proper Tooth-ach which is often and grievous.

This pain is in Infants that breed their grinders, * 1.204 which they declare by crying and restlessness, and it is known by the redness and hear of the Cheek, and when the teeth appear out of the swollen and open Gums, there is also a little Feaver known by hear and other signs. Somtimes convul∣sions, but not so dangerous, as when they come from other causes.

There is also a tooth-ach which comes to people of all Ages, from which few are free, especially such as have hollow or broken teeth. This is often violent and lasteth long or returns often, with stretching and bea∣ting, which they suppose they feel in the tooth it self, which is pained. The Gums are then very hot and red somtimes swollen with the Cheek, also which being swollen the tooth-ach abateth, somtimes there is an Impostum at the bottom of the tooth, and when that breaketh the tooth-ach ceaseth, and there cometh fotth foul and stinking matter. And the Ulcer somtime re∣maineth long after, or turns hollow, peircing the lower Jaw and opening it self outwardly, sending forth wa∣terish and somtimes thick matter for a long time.

Somtimes when these appear not, there is a great pain in the teeth, such as we use to feel at our Fingers ends in cold weather. In this the Patient spits much, and if the teeth be hollow, he seems to feel a cold Air coming from them, to his tongue, when he toucheth them there with.

There is a kind of tooth-ach, when a tooth is drawn, * 1.205 somtimes greater, som∣times lesser: but usually it is gone after the tooth is drawn, except by the vio∣lent motion of the part or hurt of the In∣strument, or when a little part is only drawn out, there be a pain after.

There is a Molestation, rather then pain in teeth at the time of eating, * 1.206 in the disease called Haemodia, this is a pres∣fing of the teeth, when one is longer then another.

The Causes.

It is certain that that part is affected in in the tooth-ach which hath the sense of feeling and that most exquisitely, * 1.207 because the pain is great. But we have shewed that the teeth want all senses, because they are all the hardest of bones neither have they a Periostum or Skin about them, as other bones have and there is no Nerve that goes into them. Therefore not the tooth, but that part which is sensible and which is near the tooth, must needs suf∣fer, and the reason why the tooth is thought to ake, is because the part affected is so near unto it. The part is commonly a membrane, which compasseth the holes in which the teeth are fixed, and which is next to the roots of the teeth: to which the Fibers or smal bran∣ches of the Nerves, which go to both Cheeks, are so joyned, that they cause an exact feeling, so that the pain seems not to lie deep, but as it were in the very tooth.

Also the Gums, and the Periostia, or Membranes under the Jaws, if they be hurt, seem to communicate pain to the teeth.

The Diseases, with which these parts affected cause a seeming pain in the teeth, are either a hot or cold distempers, or Irritation, or Solution of Continui∣ty.

A hot distemper with Flux of blood and Inflammation also som∣times, afflicting these Membranes, * 1.208 causeth the tooth-ach so called, not only by heat and stretching, but by swelling in a strait place, which causeth the teeth be∣ing hard to press upon them, this is a stretching and beating pain, which though the beating be in the little Arteries, under the Membra••es, which beat upon the teeth, yet it is so manifestly felt, that Galen thought this beating and Inflammation also was in the tooth it self (which cannot be, because the tooth is a solid bone, having neither Veins nor Arteries, and therefore can neither be inflamed, nor beat:) though he wrote that he experienced this in himself. Moreover if there be a Flux of blood upon the Gums or Periostium under them, as is usual in the beginning or continuance of the pain which raiseth a new Flux, the pain is increa∣sed, and the more if there be an Impostum, till it be broken and made an Ulcer and send forth matter.

The cause of this Flux is as of other Fluxes: Nam∣ly fulness and heat of blood, or pain that was before from another cause, which raiseth the Flux and doubl∣eth the pain: or other external causes.

A cold distemper by its enmity to the Nerves and Membranes, * 1.209 afflicting these parts, causeth also pain, called also the tooth-ach, from the Vicinity or near∣ness. It is so bitter and often, that it is no wonder the vulgar say that cold is an enemy to the teeth.

This comes from external causes, as Air, Meats or Drinks that are cold, that suddenly cool the teeth and make the Membranes adjoyning sensible thereof. And it comes sooner when the tooth is hollow or broken, and the cold strikes presently to the Membranes. Hence it is that bad teeth are soonest pained, and the pain is thought to be in the teeth, though they are dead and not as formerly, which no reasonable man will say can be sensible.

This comes also from a cold flegmatick Defluxion not upon the tooth which cannot receive it, but upon the Membranes underneath. And there is then a tooth-ach, without signs of heat, but of cold, as if cold wind come from the hollow tooth, as I shewed; Ex∣cept the pain causeth a Flux of blood, and then heat, tumor and impostume may follow.

Also Irritation of this ve∣ry sensible Membrane, * 1.210 may cause this pain called the Tooth∣ach.

This comes to the Membrane from the proper tooth when it is broken, or discovered from its place, or o∣therwise unuseful, then it hurteth the Membrane in chewing or keeps them from chewing on that side.

This also may come from pricking the hollow tooth or from hard meat gotten into it, in chewing, because the Membrane cannot endure the touch of a strange body.

And if the teeth be whol and yet there be a force to put them out of order, especially when pained, or of any thing be gotten between them in chewing, which sticketh close, because then the teeth are thrust at one side and the Membranes that grow to the roots of them

are constrained there is also pain. Therefore men are very busie to pick there teeth when any things get ei∣ther into the hollow of the teeth, or the spaces between them.

Moreover not only when the teeth are fowl or streight bound or forced a∣side are these Membranes provoked: * 1.211 but when they are exasperated and loose their smoothness; and then the Membranes feeling this roughness and unevenness are pained in chewing, as if some strange body were fastned to them, as we shew∣ed in Haemodia, with a numness (as we shewed in the hurt of touching) from the coldness of those things, that make the teeth rough infecting the Membranes, so that the teeth seem to be num, by whom the Membrans are so affected (but this is but imaginary, for they are insensible.) this exasperation & cold comes from eating of some kind of fruit, or from some humor like such fruit or from some humors like such fruit, or from vomiting and first the teeth and then the Membranes, as when they are sower; by their binding and sharpness (which is an enemy to the Nerves and bones) they peirce and afflict the teeth and their Membranes. And the sooner when the teeth are soft and not grown hard with Age, therefore is this more usual in young then old peo∣ple.

Also the Tooth-ach comes from a Defluxion of thin sharp, or salt slegm, which provokes the Membranes rather than cools them, & usual to them that are troub∣led with such Excrements, and to such as the Flux fals thither from a loosness and weakness of the part through bad teeth, or the like. And to such that spit much, and have much humor come from their No∣strils.

Solution of Continuity also causeth the same same, * 1.212 as when a Tooth is drawn from the Membrane under it, and the Gums that grow to it, and it is the grea∣ter pain when the Root is deeper, as in the great Teeth. And when it grows to the Jaw, so that some part of it comes away therewith, which causeth great accidents. As befel a Merchant my Country-man, of whom we spake in Pains of the Mouth, who had after the drawing of of a tooth an In∣flammation and Cancerous Ulcer which tormented and killed him. This is thought to be easily done by the common Chirurgeons if the Dog or Eye-tooth be drawn.

Also in Infants while the teeth grow and pierce through the Gums, if they be great teeth especially this pain may be by stretching the Gums. And though this pain comes only fromthe Gums, yet it is called the Tooth-ach, as other pains mentioned from solution of Continuity, in which the sensible parts mentioned do rather suffer than the teeth.

The Cure.

The Cure is according to the diversity of the Cause as it comes either from a Defluxion of blood or other excrements, or from a cold distemper or provocation, from rotten teeth or other compulsion or exasperation, or from solution of Continuity when the Gums are pierced, or the teeth drawn forth.

If tooth-ach come from flux of Blood or Water, * 1.213 then take a∣way the cause of the Defluxion by keeping the humor from fal∣ling upon the part, and sending it another way, and consuming it, and correcting the distemper which comes from thence, and in the mean while asswaging the pain, by these means.

Blood-letting at first when it is from a bloody flux, and there is pain of the Head, is good to revell or draw away from the part.

Also Sacrification and Cupping in the Neck and Shoulders is good in all Defluxions: By these means at certain times used, the Vulgar prevent the tooth-ach. And to take it away, use Sacrification in the Wrist, or in the back of the Hand, between the thumb and fore∣finger, on that side the pain is.

We divert these Defluxions also by Vesicatories and Cauteries as others. And apply Vsicatories to the Wrists and back of the Hand: as a head of Garlick stampt.

And we use Frictions and Ligatures, as in other De∣fluxions.

And Purgers by the Nose in a flegmatick Defluxion to divert it from the part affected. By blowing the Nose often, and using of Errhiens or sneesings to the Nose, amongst whtch juyce of Brooklime and Mary∣golds is accounted the most proper for the tooth∣ach.

Also things that draw slegm from the Mouth which shal be after shewed: But this must be done after ge∣neral purging, especially if humors abound, and are flowing, lest evacuations by the Nose and Mouth draw the humor more to the teeth.

We also purge by stool with divers medicines, as in other Defluxions.

And apply things to the temples in all humors to keep them from the teeth, using such things as were mentioned in Defluxtions of the Eyes, especially Pla∣sters in the hollow between the Forehead and the tem∣ples, upon the side pained night and day, which some∣times retain the humor flowing, that the pain ceaseth, and cometh to the temples.

If the Defluxion be hot, in the beginning we apply to the teeth astringents that heat not, to repell it, but when it ceaseth to flow, we apply to the teeth things that discuss and consumes the humor. In a cold De∣fluxion, at first we use hot things with Repellers, after very hot things alone. In all cases adding things that allay pain. These are of divers forms, somtimes to be held between the teeth, or otherwise applied to them, or put into the hollow, or us'd as Fumes or Smoak, they are made of the following ingredients.

When we astringe chiefly, and so stop the Flux, we make Decoctions to be held hot in the Mouth, as the Decoctions of Tormentil which is best, and of Ver∣vain boyled in Wine, and of the inward bark of an Ash.

Or this compound Decoction. Take roots of Tor∣mentil, Snakeweed, five-leav'd Grass, Mullein, each half an ounce; Cypress roots two drams; bark of Box tree, or Mul∣berry and Capars, each half an ounce; Ivy, Vervain, Plan∣tane, each a handful; Pomegranate flowers and red Roses, each a pugil: Cypress Nuts, Galls, and Acorn cups, each two drams; Coriander soeds, Myrtles and red Sanders, each a dram: boyl them in red Wine, add Vinegar, if you wil have it stronger.

Rose water is good to bind with Plantane water, red Wine and Vinegar.

Water of Mullein is counted excellent.

Or: Take filings of Iron a dram and an half, Vitriol a dram: boyl them in Wine and Vinegar.

After the Defluxion add some hot things thus: Take roots of five-leav'd grass or Tormentil an ounce, roots of Pellitory half an aunce, Cypress roots two drams, Leaves of

Ivy, Sage, Hysop, each a handful; red Roses, L••ntiles, each a pugil; white Poppy seeds two drams, long Pepper a dram: boyl them in Wine.

Or thus: Take Sage, Hysop, Vervain, each a handful; boyl them in a pint of Wine: add two drams of Al∣lum.

Or: Take Galls, Snakeweed roots, each two drams; Orris roots a dram, Hysop a handful, Frankincense, Sanda∣rach, each two drams; Juniper berries an ounce: boyl them in red Wine.

Or: Take Mastich an ounce, Sage, Hysop, each a hand∣ful: boyl them in equal parts in Wine and Vinegar.

Or this Pouder: Take Snakeweed roots a dram, Al∣lum and Pellitory, each a scruple: make a Pouder, apply it or rub therewith.

When we wil heat chiefly, hold these Decoctions in the Mouth, so hot as may be, and take it in again as fast as it cooleth.

The Vulgar use roots of Pellitory, or Pepper, or Ginger boyled in Wine.

Another: Take Calamints, Organ, Pennyroyal, Hysop, Sage, each a handful; Marjoram, Bay leaves, each half a handful; Juniper berries half a pugil: boyl them in Wine.

Or this which hath often profited: Take wild Time' Sage, Rosemary, each a handful; Ginger a dram, Caraway seeds half an ounce, red Pease, Salt, each a pugil: boyl them in white Wine.

Or this: Take Pellitory roots half an ounce, Angelica roots, each two drams; add Garlick and Radish, Hysop, Sa∣vory, Sage, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, wild Time, Rosemary flowers, and red Roses, each a dram; or a handful if they be fresh, long and black Pepper, Cubebs, grains of Paradise, Cloves, Mustard seed, Gith and Stavesacre, each half a dram; Salt or Niter, each two drams: bruise and boyl them in Wine, or infuse them, and use the strained Li∣quor.

The Decoction of Coloquintida in Wine is bitter, but very profitable.

Sage and Rosemary distilled in Wine is also good.

Also Aqua vitae or Spirit of Wine or Juniper berries applied do work quickly and strongly.

Or this: Take Pepper, Ginger, grains of Paradise, each a dram; Cloves two drams, Cinnamon half on ounce: add white Wine, steep and distil them.

Or thus: Take Pellitory, long and black Pepper, each two drams; Mustardseed, Water-cresses and Gith seed, each a dram: pouder them, and with Aqua vitae use it as the other.

Or of the simples in the hot Decoction mentioned dried and poudered, make an Infusion and Distilla∣tion.

The Oyl of Juniper berries, or Spike, or Spices di∣stilled, and dipt in Cotton, and put into the tooth doth well.

Somtimes we use Bags to the teeth to be bitten by the tooth affected thus made: Take Sage leaves, and bruise them, and with a little Salt and Pepper, make a Bagg.

Or thus: Take Pellitory, Pepper, Mustard seed, Salt, each equal parts; pouder them for a Bag, dip it in hot Vinegar and apply it to the teeth.

Or thus: Take Pellitory, long Pepper, Stavesacre, each equal parts: make a pouder, and apply it in a Bag sprink∣led with Aqua vitae.

Somtimes we give things that inflame the Jaws, as bark of Laurel taking of the outward rind that is hard, also the roots of Spurge and Crow-foot, according to Dioscorides, these are put between the teeth, lest they should burn the Jaws by touching them, but if you boyl them in white Wine they they are milder.

This latter Decoction is so used, made of Solomons seal roots, and white Hellebore, and bark of Laurel in Wine and Vinegar.

The Anodynes following are alwaies to be used, when the Defluxion ceaseth especially, because they work by propriety.

Hot Milk, Butter, and common Oyl, or Oyl of sweet Almonds are good to be held in the mouth.

Also Bread chewed and applied as a Cataplasm be∣tween the teeth and Cheeks.

Also warm Broath and the Decoction of Marsh∣mallow roots, Bread, and Lineseed in Milk.

Another that draws forth water. Take rooots of Marshmallows and Liquorish, each an ounce; Sage a hand∣ful, Figs twelve, Faenugreek seeds an ounce: boyl them in Water.

A Decoction of Guajacum and Salt is commended.

Or Leaven applied with Vinegar in the Decoction thereof held in the Cheeks.

Or this: Take Sandarach or Varnish half an ounce, Wine or Vinegar, or both four ounces, or six: boyl them to the consumption of the third part, and hold it in the mouth, or dissolve Sandarach in Vinegar and apply it.

Gum Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Sagapenum, a∣lone, or foftened with Aqua vitae and Vinegar put into a hollow tooth, or spread and laid as a Plaster to the teeth, cures the tooth-ach.

Or this: Take Camphire half a dram, Aqua vitae an ounce: boyl it til the Camphire be consumed, and apply it: or with Wine and Vinegar.

Also Camphire and Oyl of Cloves, or of sweet Al∣monds, or Oyl of Camphire.

The pouder of Camphire with the pouder of Hen∣bane root equal parts, suddenly taketh away the tooth∣ach, the seeds of Henbane may be used for the root, and they wil be stronger.

A Snakes Skin also boyled in Wine and Vinegar, or dried in an Oven, or burnt to pouder and mixt with Oyl, to anoynt the teeth is commended, or the Skin of a Toad used the same way, is an excellent medicine.

Dioscorides writes that the prick in the tail of the Fish Pastinaca applied to the tooth takes awy pain.

In great pain we use Stupefactives with caution that they be not swallowed.

As the Opiate Antidotes fresh made as Philonium Ro∣manum, Treacle, Mithridate, to rub the teeth, to a dram of which a scruple of Pellitory and Nigella or Gith seed, and a grain of Opium may be added.

A small pil of Opium alone put into the tooth pre∣sently takes away the pain, and it is good to add a little Wax that it may not fall out.

Or this: Take Opium and Henbane seed, each four grains Smallage seed two grains, with Aqua vitae make Pils.

Or thus: Take Camphire a scruple, boyl it in an ounce of Aqua vitae til it dissolve, then add Opium three or four grains, dip a little Cotton therein and thrust it into the tooth.

Or thus: Take of spirit of Wine two or thre ounces, add Camphire two drams, set it in the Sun til the Camphire dis∣solve, then distil it: apply this spirit as the other.

Other Stupefactives are made of Henbane seeds, Pepper, roots of Pellitory and burnt Allum equal parts made up with Aqua vitae into a Mass.

Or thus: Take Henbane seed half a dram, Pellitory and Ginger each two drams; Smallage seeds a dram, Mastich three drams, Roses a pugil: boyl them in Wine and Vine∣gar to wash the Mouth.

Or: Take roots of Mandrake a dram, Henbane seed

half a dragm Pepper, Cubebs and Stavesacre, each a dragm, Pellitory two dragms, bark of the root of Mulbery and Ca∣pars three dragms. Boyl them in red Wine.

Or Take Henbane roots a dragm, white wine half a pint. boyl them.

Or use fumes with a Funnel to the teeth, made of wormwood, Savory, and the like hot herbs, in wine and water, and take the vapor hot, add leek seed to make it stronger.

Also a fume of Sandarake cast upon live coals, or leek or onion seed mixt with pitch and wax to make the fume thicker: the fume of burnt henbane seeds is accounted best, but it is best when the seed is first mix∣ed with virgins wax.

Somethings are to be applyed to the cheek outward∣ly, to take away pain.

An Anodine emplaster. Take Crums of bread the pap of apples, each three ounces: boyl them in milk, add line∣seed, oyl of Roses or of Chamomile, each an ounce, Saffron a scruple.

Or use Treacle or other opiats for a plaister.

Another approved, Take the white of an egge, beat it with Rose water and spread it upon flax with a litle pou∣der of Pepper, and apply it all over the cheek where the pain is.

Ot thus, Take the yolke of an egge with Aqua vitae and a litle Saffron, with some meal or flower: make a plaster to dissolve the tumor,

In a hot Cause. Take juice of Nightshade and Hous∣leek each two ounces, Rose-water and Milk, each an ounce and an half, Oyl of Roses an ounce: stirr them and dip a clout therein, apply it to the Cheek.

In a cold cause thus. Take rosted Onyons three ounces, oyl of Dill and Chamomile each an ounce, flower of Foenigreek an ounce and an half: make a Plaster.

Or thus, Take Lilly roots three ounces, Mallows an handful, flowers of Chamomile, Melilot, Dill, each a pugil: Foenigreek and Lineseed, each half an ounce: Cabbage seed two dragms, Peach kernels or bitter Almonds an ounce. boyl them in wine, foment the Cheek without, heat the re∣sidence of the Decoction, and with oyl of Chamoemel and Dill, made a Cataplasme.

Also apply baggs of Milliumor Panicum, Wormewood, Chamoemile flowers, Dill and Salt.

Juice of Garlick, Rue, Ivy, Daffadil roots: dropt into the contrary eare, Cures the toothach.

Also hot oyls as of Rue, Bayes, Costus, Earthwormes, with Castor boyled therein the distilled oyls are best.

Or five Ivy berries, boyled with oyl of roses and pomegranate peels, and the liquor dropt in doth it according to Diascorides.

A Clove of Garlick peel'd and put into the ear on that side the pain is, cureth.

Among Amulets the roots Lepidium hung about the neck, cureth according to Diascorides.

If a tumor arise on that side inwardly or outwardly, or on both sides, and the pain abateth: then it goeth a∣way of it self, or with bags or hot oyls, very easily.

If pain increase with the tumor because then there is an Impostume, the Anodyne Cataplasme wil do wel to ripen it.

Especialy Barley meal boyled in milk and Oliba∣num added in pouder, and applied ripens the Impos∣tume.

Also hot milk held in the mouth in which roots of Marshmallows, Lineseed, Housleek and Lillyes are wel boyled.

The Impostume opened of it self inwardly, or by force turnes to an ulcer, which wil cure of it self: or with the remedies mentioned in the ulcers of the mouth, if it come outwardly it is easier cured as an∣other ulcer: but if the teeth are rotten and the ulcer reach them, it wil hardly be cured til they are drawn, and there is comonly a disfiguring scarr left after the cure.

If the toothach come from a cool distemper from the matter flow∣ing thither, * 1.214 the cure is mentioned in a flegmatick defluxion by hot means: which cureth a simple dis∣temper: Then take heed of al actualy cold things, as Air meat and Drink and medicines, because cool things are so averse to the teeth, that in a hot cause, actualy cool things are not good though they give ease, but after rather increase the pain.

If toothach come from rotten teeth, it will hardly be cured, and return easily, and if a defluxion be, cure it as we shewed in a defluxion.

If toothach be from hollow teeth: * 1.215 Take heed that nothing gets in, and chew upon the sound side, or chew wax or mastick afore to fil the hol∣low, but experience teacheth that that may cause as much pain as the meat. And therefore that is better in stinking breath caused by meat corrupt∣ing in the teeth as we shal shew.

When rotten teeth bring such trouble and pain, up∣on every light occasion, and infect their neighbors, espe∣cially if they be unuseful, they either must be drawn by the arts mentioned in corrupt bones, or the place under them must be made insensible: This is done by burning in the cavity with Aqua fortis or fig milk, or Spurge or Sory, as Diascorides, taken in with Wool or Cotten and stopt in with Wax from falling out, this done often breaks the teeth out, or burn the rotten teeth with a hot Iron, that the part under may loose sense, and the tooth fall out.

If any trouble follows drawing, because the teeth wil be bound by things that get in between them, use a toothpicker of mastick wood or juniper, use it gently in time of pain, for a litle thing disturbs, as only the motion of the tongue against them when pained, or picking with your fingers, and they who think to abate pain by picking, are mistaken, and increase it ra∣ther.

If from the edg or roughness of the teeth you chew with difficulty, * 1.216 chew purslain til it be gone, it is a certain and sure remedy.

Crums of bread or tosted cheese or a yolk of a hard egge chewed hot, doth, it but not so quickly.

Or Almonds, or Nuts, or Wax and salt chew∣ed.

If children feel pain when they breed teeth, * 1.217 from the peircing through their gums, then anoint the gums with the brains of a Cony or Hare, boyled in Wine, or with sweet Butter and Honey, and other gentle mollifying things, often.

Mathiolus saith the stone found in the head of a Snail without a shel, wil do the same.

If the Gums are too hard, and hinder the teeth, which causeth great symptomes, as Convulsions, Fluxes, cal∣led Diarrhaeas and Death, then presently cut them with a Lancet, this may be done safely without fear of infla∣mation, pain or bleeding: By this means I saw a fa∣mous Chirurgion cure many.

We shal shew the cure of other accidents in their pla∣ces.

The pain that is while the tooth is drawing goes away when it is out, * 1.218 & that also that went before, for which cause the tooth was drawn. But if it be only moved or broken, it is worse, and the Patient must suffer again at the drawing of the stump. To stay bleeding is dangerous if it continue; and when an Artery is broken, the Cure where of shall be mentioned in Haemorrhages or Bleeding.

CHAP. IX Of Pain in the Jaws.

The Kinds.

THe Kinds of pains in the Jaws or Throat, either in the uper Jaw, which is the receptacle into which the two Tonsils meet like an Isthmus, and in whose middle there is a Caruncle or lump of flesh called Gargareon root, or Palate: or those pains which are in the lower Jaw joyned to the Neck, whether in one place or more, or these pains which reach to the parts of the Mouth mentioned: are distinguished first as they move divers Senses, Somtimes there is a roughness only or trouble∣some imitation, somtimes a true pain, which is either stretching, or burning, or ulcerous.

Roughness of the Jaws is most hurt∣ful to the Voyce, * 1.219 and therefore decla∣red in Hoarsness.

Somtimes there is felt an Irritation with endeavor to Swallow or Vomit. And then either somthing itches in the Jaws, or the Gargareon or Uvula being grown longer and thicker hangs upon the Jaws, and if it stop them any way, it causeth difficulty of breathing and speech. the enlar∣ging of which is called Columella or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Greek, or the falling of the Uvula.

A stretching pain in the inside of the Jaws, * 1.220 when a Cavity appears in the Neck by reason of the Verte∣bra or bone thrust out, hindereth Breathing of which we spake in the defect of breathing. This from the likeness of a Squinzy, we called The sixth kind of Squin∣zy, which is very seldom seen. There is often this stretching pain from a Desluxion (as we shal shew in the causes) without Burning or Inflammation, sometimes with straitness of Breathing: somtimes with hinderance of Swallowing and Voyce: sometimes with, somtimes without a swelling in the Jaws, or outwardly in the Neck. And this Disease is called A bastard Quinsie.

With the accidents whereof, the tonsils or Almonds somtimes swel in one or both sides round like a Ball, * 1.221 and appear open like a Spunge, This is called Paristhmia.

There is a Burning, Sharp, and Pricking pain, * 1.222 also in the Jaws in the Disease called A true Quinsie with difficulty of Breathing, which is small and often, and fetcht with sigh∣ing, sometimes that endangereth Suffocation, so that Breath cannot be fetcht but by holding the Neck upright, & men gape like tired or mad Dogs. This Disease is called Cinanch. In this swallowing is hindered, & Drink comes forth at the Nose, or it is swallowed with difficulty, & the endea∣vor increaseth pain. There is often a Fever joyned with it, and the accidents thereof, as Heat, Redness of Face. Thirst seen also by the Pulse and Urin. There is som∣times a manifest tumor, somtimes not, for which cause there are three sorts of Quinsies; for if there be no tu∣mor nor Inflammation within or without, it is the first time in which are the worst accidents: But if a tumor appears in the straitness of the Jaws, it is the second kind and hath great symptoms, but if there be an out∣ward tumor in the Neck, it is the third kind, and the symptoms are least.

There is a tumor with Redness and Heat in in the tonsils or Almonds, * 1.223 this is called An∣tiades. Somtimes this pain is in the roof, * 1.224 and is called Uva or Uvula when it swells or grows black with Inflammation. In these the accidents are mild, as in the gentler Quinsie, except that meet with it. If the Inflammations in these three places turn to Imposthumes, pain and other acci∣dents increase, and when it is broken they abate and an Ulcer followeth.

Somtimes there is an ulcerous pain in the Jaws, ei∣ther in the upper part of the throat, or in the Almonds or roof, with an Ulcer reaching to the Palate, and som∣times the roof is consumed wholly in part, or this pain is felt below, or deep, * 1.225 and follows the Quinsie mentioned, and matter is spet forth. Or if it come alone, the pain reacheth downwards to the stomach with great burning, especially when they swallow, which is hin∣dred: But when it is in the upper parts it hinders swal∣lowing, breathing, and voyce also.

The Causes.

The Cause of these Diseases, * 1.226 namely of Molestation with Irritation (we spake of roughness of the Jawes elsewhere) and of pains, with Distension, Inflammation and Ulcer, is either in hidden parts, as in the muscles of the Jaws and parts adjacent, or in the lower Glandules joyning to the rough Artery, or in the passages through the inside of the Neck, Oesaphagus or Gullet (for the Diseases of the rough Artery are described in defect of Breathing) Or is in manifest places of the Jaws, as in the tonsils roof or the tunicle by which it gets often to the Pa∣late. The cause of all these pains is either a Flux of Blood or excrements, or solution of continuity. Of solution of Continuity, we spake in Defect of Breath∣ing, how it comes from a Vertebra or Bone started in the Neck, which causeth sixth kind of Quinsie.

If Blood fall into the Muscles of the Jawes it causeth a true In∣flammation or Quinsie, * 1.227 which is gentler or worse, as the Flux is more inward or outward, for if it fall upon the inward Muscles of the Larynx, Jaws, and bone cal∣led Hyodes which serve for Breathing, Voyce, and swal∣lowing, because the pain is great, and as it were suffo∣cating, it causeth the first and worse sort of quinzy. But if it sal upon the outward muscles of the neck, it less hindereth those offices, and causeth a gentler quinzy, which manifesteth it selfe with an external tumor,

which is the third sort. But if the Defluxion fall upon both inward and outward muscles, it is between both, & causeth the second sott of Quinzy, in which the tumor is not so hidden as in the first, but may be seen in the in∣side of the Jaws: Thus we better distinguish Quinsies, than as the Defluxion falleth upon this or that Muscle for they being hidden it cannot be discerned by us up∣on which they fal) to call them Cynache, Paracynanche, Synanche, Parasynanche. Moreover if the blood flow rather upon the Glandules on both sides of the rough Artery, which are easily inflamed by reason of the veins into which they are wrought, there is a kind of Quin∣sie (and rather because the Muscles adjacent are also inflamed) better or worse as the Inflammation is spread in those muscle. If the Defluxion falls upon the upper Glandules or tonsils, or upon the Weasand, it causeth the Inflammation of those parts called Antiades and Uvula. these Inflammations spread to the parts adjacent, and are more usual than a Quinsie, because the Blood wil sooner flow to these lose Glandules that have many great Veins than to other.

If it fall upon the Gullet or Oesa∣phagus, * 1.228 which is seldom, it causeth a far greater pain, especially in swallowing, from the beginning of the Gullet to the very Stomach, but not with such difficulty of breathing, except it extend to the parts adjacent.

The Cause of this Flux of Blood and Inflammation that cometh from thence is the same with that of other Inflammations, namely plethory or fulness of Blood, or Heat, or thinness of the same, which sends it self thi∣ther rather than to another part by reason of the dispo∣sltion of the place: this comes often from a Synoch Fever, when the Blood is first burnt in the Veins; and then a part therof is sent thither (as I shewed in Fevers) hence Quinsies and Instammations of other parts, as Gullet, Mouth, Tongue, are the symptoms of these Fevers; that begin with them; or come presently after them. Also Blood carried thither from other Causes may make Inflammations in the Throat, but a Fever is not joyned therewith, except it come from other Cau∣ses. But it may come from the pain which these parts receive from other Diseases, or from Inflammation of the Jaws, by actually or potentially hot things, as Pep∣per, Cuckowpints, Laurel, given in jest sometimes. Or from very cold Drink while the body is hot, by reason of the sudden repercussion, when the blood fli∣eth back and returneth again with force, because the blood is stir'd up and sent out of the Veins; except it come from a Synoch, as we said: Also I observed that this came from too much straining in Child-bearing, the blood being driven to the upper Veins of the Neck in a Woman that died. And it is probable that it may come from other strainings, roaring, or holding breath at going to stool.

A Humor falling from the Head, * 1.229 under the tunicle of the Palate, if it be carried to the Mus∣cles of the Throat wil cause a Ba∣stard Quinsie: which is stronger or weaker, as the Flux is upon the inward or outward muscles, as we shewed in the Flux of Blood: and for that Cause wil cause a tumor more or less appa∣rent, but if the Flux fall upon the upper Glandules or Tonsils, or the Palate only, which being a loose and soft piece of Flesh easily receive the humors, it will cause the Paristhmia and Columella.

The natural and efficient cause is the same with that of all Defluxions, the adjuvant or helping cause is a fitness of the parts to receive it, because they are close under the Head, or because they are loose or weak: and they are sooner hurt if they have formerly been of∣tended from other Causes.

The Solution of Continuity causeth pain expressing the sense of an Ulcer. This is an Ulcer, * 1.230 an Excoriation, or Rawness, or Wound in the Jaws from divers causes. An Uulcer comes often after the said Inflammations of the Jaws, Tonsils and and Palate suppurated and turn∣ed to an Imposthume after breaking. or from a sharp defluxion that first caused a tumor, or presently exul∣cerated, there comes an Excoriation of the tunicle of the Jaws, Tonsils or Gullet, which infects the Palate, and eats upon other parts adjacent. Also it may come from a malignant matter which seizeth upon the mem∣branes so much in the Leprosie and French Pox, hence come those stubborn Ulcers in the Palate, and Jawes, and Nostrils, that eat up the Glandule and Uvula. Al∣so the Gullet may be cleft and excoriated from Vapors that are hot and sharp in malignant and sharp burning Fevers, from whence they may feel pain a long time after in swallowing, down to the Sto∣mach. * 1.231 Also a pain in the Gullet may be from sharp and pricking things fallen by chance into the Jaws and Gullet, that would them, and the greater if there be an Inflamma∣tion. If these wounds come externally they shall be spoken of in external wounds.

The Cure.

If these diseases come from a deflux∣ion of humors upon the parts of the jaws, * 1.232 and there is Inflamation in the first sort of a true Quinzy, it is very violent and kils in eighteen houres space, the other is sharp and is judged the second third or fourth day at farthest; The hope of Cure is more when the tumor is outwardly, and admits of applications, and may be better clensed when bro∣ken. The third is less dangerous, because the tumor is outward. That which is in the lower Glandule is more or less doubtful of Cure, as it is joyned with any kind of Quinzy. The safest is the Inflamation of the Tonsills and Palate because they are more visible, or of the Gullet to which Remedies may be swallowed, ex∣cept the Inflamations bring greater danger by spread∣ing to other parts. But if a Defluxion of any other hu∣mor cause a bastard Quinzy, it is not without danger if it obstruct inwardly, that is better which extends out∣wardly and causeth a tumor in the Neck. That humor that fills the Almonds and Pallate is casier cur∣ed.

As for the Cure, * 1.233 it differs as the Defluxion is of blood, or an Inflammation of the Jaws, or Almonds or Tonsill or Palate or Gulet the cure of which agrees in many things, or as the Defluxion is of another humor upon the Jaws in a bastard Quinzy, or upon the Ton∣sills or Uvula or Guler, then the cure differs from the former. In al we proceed as followeth.

In every Inflamation of the Jaws, or any part of them a vein is to be opened when it is great, or to pre∣vent

it from being great, especialy when the body is plethorick, in a Quinzy especialy it must be quickly done, open a vein in the arm first for revulsion, that that which is most visible or the cephalike or head vein which is most usual, or that by the thumb, bleed foundly, and if need be often, Hippocrates perscribes the vein under the breasts to be opened for women, or that in the foot, if their courses be stopt. In women with child bleed also but sparingly, after revulsion open that vein under the tongue for derivation, the same day, or presently after, because the disease is acute. Archi∣genes opens the forehead vein, others that in the neck. In a cold Defluxion if there be pain or streightness, bleed also.

Cupping glasses to the shoulders neck and under the breasts, do the same, especialy if they be placed in a Quinzy in the top of the neck upon the second Vertebra, that they may breath and swollow better and they are better with scarification, which is good also under the Chin and in the Cheeks, also Horsleeches may be ap∣plyed instead thereof, and in great necescity, Vesicato∣ries and Causticks, to the neck or head, this is done by way of prevention to those that are subject to this dis∣ease, all these are good in other Defluxions.

Also Frictions and Ligatures and washings are good in al Defluxions, to cause revulsion.

We apply to the head things that stop fluxes, and strengthen it, after purging.

An Emplaster for the crown or hinder part of the head, Take Pitch two dragms, Frankincense, Mastick, Labdanum each a dragm, with Gum Ammoniak dissolved in Vinegar; Make a large round plaster.

A stronger drawer, Take Pigeons and Mouse Dung two dragms, seeds of Melanthium infused in vinegar a dragm, Frankincense, Mastick, each a dram and half, with Galba∣num dissolved in vinegar and honey anacardine. Make a Plaster.

A Pouder for the Head morning and evening, after rubbing and combing: Take Mastick, Gum of Ivy each a dram and half, Citron peels, Galangal, red Roses, Organ, Gith seeds, and Coriander prepared in vinegar, Bay berries, red Saunders, each a dram, Nutmegs and Cloves each half a dram, grains of Kermes two scruples, Salt a dram.

When other medicines cannot be swollowed, use Clysters, before bleeding, and after if need be, to pro∣voke stools and draw down humors.

If the Inflamation of the Jaws come from flux of blood, of what kind soever, give emollient and cooling Clysters as in Fevers, as this: Take the common Deco∣ction, Cassia an ounce, course Sugar an ounce and an half, oyl of Violets three ounces, with a little Salt.

When you wil provoke more and draw down, Take Mallowes, Beets roots and all, an handful, Bran a pugil, boyl them; add Honey of Violets, an ounce and an half, Electuary of the juice of roses half an ounce, Hiera picra two drams, oyl of Violets three ounces, with juice of Mercury or Beets an ounce, and a little Salt, make a Clyster.

If a bastard Quinzy come from a waterish defluxtion, or swelling of the tonsils, or falling down of the Uvula, use Clysters prescribed in those Defluxions.

Or this, Take Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Arrach, roots and all, each an handful, Orris roots an ounce, Sage and Marjoram, each half an handful, Chamoemel Melilot and Lavender flowers and Bran each a pugil, Carna seeds two drams; boyl them, add Hiera Colocynthidos three drams, Honey of Roses two ounces, oyl of Chamoemile and of Nuts, each an ounce and an half, with Salt, make a Cly∣ster.

we use Errhines to the nose to divert, Flegm from the tonsils and Palate, or masticatories that cut Flegm, and fetch it from the Jaws.

Somtimes instead of Clysters we give if they can swal∣low liquid things, in Inflammations of Cassia, Tama∣rinds, Manna dissolved in syrup of Roses, Violets and the like; as in Fevers. In other Defluxions stronger Remedies are given, as Hiera Picra commended in a Bastard Quinsie two scruples, in Pils, after a short Sup∣per, they say it cured many of the Quinsie in Rome when it was deadly. Also a Decoction of a dram of Turbith with Liquorish, Manna, or Cassia is good if often given.

Prepare the humors with thickners if it be hot, as sy∣rup of Violets, Poppies, an Emulsion of Cold seeds, Rose water, or Diacodium, and other things in a Ca∣tarrh.

Or if the Defluxion be cold give things to correct it, as syrup of Maidenhair, Bugloss, or Scabious water.

Or thus: Take Liquorish an ounce, Maidenhair, Bug∣loss, each a handful; Violets & Scabious, each a pugil; Raysons stoned, Jujubes, Sebestens, each six pair, Barley a pugil, the four cold seeds, each a dram and an half: boyl them, and in a pint and an half dissolve simple Oxymel and Honey of Roses each an ounce and an half; Sugar an ounce: make a Julep for three or four Doses with a dram of Diatragacanth frigid.

Also the Decoction and Water of Violets.

In a cold cause, give syrup of Hysop, Horehound, and Liquorish, with Colts-foot and Horehound Wa∣ter.

Or thus: Take roots of Elicampane two drams, Liquo∣rish six drams, Hysop a handful, Figs ten, Dates five, Anise seeds two drams, Rosemary flowers a pugil: boyl them, and in a pint and an half dissolve Honey of Rosemary two oun∣ces, Sugar an ounce and an half; Sugar candy an ounce, make a Julep for some Doses with a dram of species Diareos.

To the place affected we apply To∣picks inwardly and outwardly, * 1.234 in∣inwardly Mouth-waters or things to lick, or Fumes, outwardly things to the Neck, as the part is affected.

In a Quinsie from what Defluxion soever, you must use Repellers at the beginning, while the matter flows, with Coolers if it be true; or without, if it be a false Quinsie. after a Defluxion add Concocters and Resol∣vers, which we use alone at last, alwaies while there is pain and straitness, give Lenitives to asswage pain and dilate the passages with other things, and things which clense and cut tough flegm which useth to stick there in a cold Defluxion. the examples are as followeth.

At the first give Repellers. the first Gargarism. Take Rose, Plantane, Honey-suckle water, each four ounces; add Vinegar or Pomegranate Wine or the juyce of sour fruits, and two ounces of Diamoron or Honey of Roses.

Another: Take Plantane water four ounces, Rose water two ounces, Sugar of Roses or Honey of Roses an ounce, Allum a dram: boyl them a little or dissolve.

A third: Take Pomegranate peels, flowers of Pomegra∣nates, Cypress nuts, each an onnce; and Teazle, Galls half an ounce, Lentiles, red Roses, each a pugil; Myrtle seeds half an ounce, Plantane seeds two drams: boyl them in Water and Honey and in ia pint dissolve Diamoron, sour Pome∣granate Wine four ounces, add a little Allum to make it stronger, Repelling Pouders are blown in, as of Plantane leaves and red Roses and the like.

In progress of the Disease use Repellers and Dissol∣vers together: As, Take water of Self-heal, Plantane, VVillow, each three ounces, Cassia, Diamoron, each an ounce.

Or: Take Liquorish an ounce, Cypress roots, peels of Pomegranates, each half an ounce; Pomegranate leaves two

drams, red Roses a pugil, Figs six, Dates three, Raisons twelve pair, Jujubes and Sebestens, each six pair; Barly a pugil, Faenugreek and Lineseed, each half an ounce: boyl them, and in a pint, dissolve Diamoron compounded with Saffron and Myrrh two ounces, Cassia and Oxymel each an ounce.

The juyce of Ivy drunk from three drams, to half an ounce, is good to repel and digest. This Plant is so powerful in Diseases of the throat and Neck, that the Vulgar think Spoons made of Ivy do good.

At length use Resolvers, and Concocters and Clen∣sers.

Thus a Gargarism. Take water of Dwarf-Elder and Self-heal water, each an ounce; Hysop and Rose water, each two ounces. Or this Decoction. Take Liquorish an ounce, roots of Dwarf-Elder and Radish, and Oris, each half an ounce; red Roses, Mallow;, Chamaemel and Elder flow∣ers, each a pugil; Hysop half a handful, Radish seed two drams, Faenugreek seed half an ounce, Figs ten, Dates five, Bran a pugil: boyl and in ten ounces dissolve Sapa, Ho∣ney of Roses, each an ounce and an half; Swallows nest, two drams, Myrrh, Mummy, each a dram; Saffron, Sal Ar∣moniack, each half an ounce.

Or this: Take species of Diaireos a dram, Pepper half a dram, Saffron and Myrrh, each a scruple; Juyce of Li∣quorish a scruple, with syrup of Hysop two ounces: make a Lenitive.

Or thus: Take Pepper half a dram, Saffron and Myrrh each half a scruple; Orris roots a dram, Honey three ounces, mix them. Or use the Eclegma of Scribonius Lar∣gus.

A white Dogs-turd called Album Grecum finely pou∣dered and blown into the Mouth, or mixt with these Eclegma's is excellent, or with syrups. A Goose-turd dried doth the same.

Also the pouder of salted and dried Swallows a dram, with convenient Water is good according to Di∣oscorides.

Or a dram of the pouder of a Boars tusk with Linseed Oyl.

Or the Smoak of Amber taken in with a Funnel.

Or these Lenitives and Dilators when there is pain and straitness.

As a Gargle of hot Milk, Goats is best.

Another. Take Milk half a pint, the white of an Egg wel beat, the mucilage of Fleabane, Quince or Line seed each an ounce, Penidies half an ounce.

Bran or Bread boyled in Water and strained or Al∣mond milk doth the same.

The common white Troches are good also to be held under the Tongue.

Or: Take species of Diapapaver or Diatragacanth fri∣gid, each a scruple; with pulp of Tamarinds, make Tro∣ches.

Or hold troches of Diapapaver or Diatragacanth frigid in the mouth.

Or this Eclegma. Take species of Diatragacanth and Diapapaver each a dram; with syrup of Violets and Jujubes make a Loboch.

Lenitives that clense the slime are thus made. Take Liquorish two ounces, pulp of Raisons two drams, juyce of Liquorish half a dram, with Gum traganth infused in Pop∣py water: make a Loboch.

Another in the progress of the Disease. Take species Diapenid and Diaireos, each a dram; with syrup of Hysop make a Lohoch.

Apply outwardly to the Neck or under the Chin, or where a tumor appears at the first, not things that repel, but that draw forth, as these relaxing.

As temperate Oyls, of Olives, sweet Almonds, Vio∣lets: or moderate warm, as Oyl of Chamaemel, Lil∣lies, Orris, Wall-slower, and the like: anoynt the parts and dip Wool therein and lay thereupon. Dioscori∣des commends Oyl of Frogs, or of Wood-lice, or Sows.

Also Oyntment of Marshmallows, and that which restoreth called Resumptivum, with those Oyls and a little Saffron.

Menstrual Blood with Vinegar is good against all Inflammations of the Jaws and parts adjacent. Also the leaves of Hors-radish.

Use Fomentations first before you anoynt, made of flowers of Chamaemel, Lillies, Melilot, Linseed and Faenugreek.

But when you desire not only to draw out the hu∣mors, but also to dry, Consume and Digest, use the fol∣lowing.

Make a Pultis of a Swallows Nest clensed and pou∣dered, and boyled in Wine and Water, and strain or mix the pouder with the Oyls and Oyntments menti∣oned. if you wil Digest, apply it with Honey.

Swallows dung in Pouder, or the Ashes of it burnt, mixed with the rest, or applied with Honey, or a dried Dogs-turd, or Birds dung, chiefly of Hens and Pigeons: For it is neither necessary nor decent to ap∣ply Mans dung when other wil serve.

Also use Sows or Wood-lice dried and poudered with Honey.

Other Digesters. Take Aloes two drams, Ox Gall a dram, Pepper half a dram, Allum a dram, with Honey make a Liniment.

Another. Take juyce of Danewort and wild Cowcumber, two ounces, Ox Gall half an ounce: with Honey make an Oyntment.

Rhasis useth Honey Anacardine.

Another. Take juyce of Danewort two ounces, juyce of Ouyons an ounce, juyce of wild Cowcumbers as much (if it may be had) Oyl of Flower-de-luce and Lillies, each an ounce and an half; boyl them, add Swallows nest prepared half an ounce, Litharge a dram and an half: with Wax make a Liniment, or with Wax and Pitch make a Pla∣ster.

Or this Cataplasm. Take Lillies and Onyons, of each three; roast them, ad half as much of a rotten Apple and a handful of Wormwood, boyl them in Wine and Water beat them, and with Bean flower two ounces, Oyl of Cha∣maemel and Wall-flower, each an ounce and an half; Hens or Pigeous dung two ounces, make a Cataplasm.

If an Imposthume come in a Quin∣sie, * 1.235 as we may know by the pain and other accidents increased, and the hu∣mor cannor be Digested or Resolved by the Remedies internal or external mentioned, use Maturatives or Ripeners inwardly and outwardly.

Inwardly we ripen with this Gargle. Take Lillies, Onyons, or Leeks, each two ounces; Liquorish an ounce, Hy∣sop, Scabious, each a handful; Figs six, Raisons stoned an ounce, Faenugreek and Linseed, each half an ounce; Mallow and Colewort seed, and Swallows nest, each two drams: boyl them in Water and with Honey make a Gargle.

Outwardly ripen with these.

Apply a Pultis of Line-seed meal with Goats Milk.

Or thus: Take meal of Faenugreek and Line-seed, each two ounces; crums of Bread four ounces, with Hogs grease and Oyl of sweet Almonds make a Pultis.

Or this Cataplasm. Take Marshmallow, Mallows roots and all, Henbit and Pillitory of the Wall, each a hand∣ful: green roots of Lillies two ounces, green Orris and Brio∣ny roots an ounce, Chamomel flowers and Violets, each a pu∣gil; Figs twelve, Dates five: boyl and stamp them, add

meal of Line-seed, Foenugreek and Barley, each two ounces: with Butter and Hens grease, Oyl of sweet Almonds and Cha∣momel, mix them.

If the Imposthume in a Quinsie break hot, you must endeavor to open it before it be perfectly ripe.

With this Gargle, hot used. Take juyce of Onyons or Leeks and Lemons equal parts, with Goats milk.

Or: Take of the Gargle mentioned a pint, add and boyl therein Pellitory roots and Mustard seed, each two drams; Myrrhe half a dram, Saffron a scruple, Oxymel simple an ounce.

This is stronger. Take of that Junket that is made of Mustard and Honey, dissolve it in Honey and Water, and with a little Vinegar make a Gargle.

Or: Take Mustard seed two drams poudered, Oxymel an ounce, Vinegar of Squils and Wine, each half an ounce: make a Gargle.

Vociferation or Roaring may do somthing to break it, but swallowing may do more, if it be with great force, and of somthing that is hard as a crust of Bread.

Or: Take a Spunge or a piece of salt Pork and tied to a thred fast, let it be swallowed down and drawn forth a∣gain.

We open the Imposthume if it can be seen and reach∣ed, with an Instrument, or with the Finger or Nayl, or a wax Candle, or other wooden or Iron Instrument that wil cut.

In the Inflammation of the tonsills and Uvnla, * 1.236 we first use inward medi∣cines as in the Quinzy, which are astrin∣gent, after resolvers, and at lasT things only to be swallowed: alwayes mixing things that clense by reason of the slime that sticketh there, and that mitigate pain if it be great, so that many medicines mentioned in the Quinzie are here good, and such as are mention∣ed in the Inflamations of the parts of the Mouth, or these.

An astringent and cooling Gargle, Take Rose and Honey-suckle water, Privet and Plantane water, each two ounces; Juice of Barberyes, or Pomegranates, or sower Cher∣ries three ounces, juice of Quinces, Roses or Sorrel, each an ounce; syrup of Mulberies, Vinegar of Roses or green Grapes half an ounce. mix them.

An astringent and cooling Gargle Take sower Prunes dry twelve, sharp Cherries twelve paire, dried Pears five, Sorrel, Purslain each an ounce, red Roses a pugil. boyl them in a pint add juice of Currans and syrup of Mulberies each two ounces, Vinegar of Roses as much as fit.

When you wil bind more, Take roots of Mulberries an ounce and half, Acorn cups, Pomegranate Peels, each an ounce; Bramble tous, Plantane, Agrimony, Solomons-seal Shepheards purse, Harts tongue, each a handful and half, red Roses a pugil, Pomegranate flowers half an ounce, Galls two drams, make a Decoction, in a pint thereof dissolve syrup of Quinces and red Roses dried, Pomgranate wine each an ounce and half, with a little Allum. mix them.

Cardan comends this following remedy for al Infla∣mations of the Jaws, driness and Clefts of the tongue.

Take a good quantity of Housleek, and to halfe a pint of the juice, add Salt Ammoniak two drams, put it in a moist place under the earth til the Salt be dissolved, then distil it in Balneo and wash the mouth in all Inflamations of the Jaws.

In the Inflamation of the Uvula, a Pouder is made of the stone called Ageratum by Galen or the blood∣stone, this must be laid upon the Uvula, or blown in with a quil.

When you wil astring and clense also; Take Liquo∣rish two ounces, Agrimony, Vervain, Coleworts each an hand∣ful; red Roses and Mallows, each a pugil; Barley, Lentils leaves bruised, each half a pugil: Figs six: boyl them in red Wine and Water, and in a pint, dissolve Oxymel sim∣ple three ounces, Dianucum half an ounce, juyce of Roses an ounce, syrup of Quinces an ounce.

You may make Lohochs to clense mentioned in the Q••insie, and Sugar'd or Honeyed Biskets.

When you wil Clense and consume the residue, or Digest. Take Liquorish two ounces, Calamus and Gal••n∣gal half an ounce, Hysop, Pennyroyal, Savory, each a hand∣ful; Rosemary flowers, Violets and Mallows, each a pugil: Barley a pugil, Raisons stoned two ounces, Dates six, Figs twelve, Myrrh and Frankincenss, each two drams; boyl them in red Wine with steeled Water, and in a pint, dis∣solve Honey of Roses threo ounces, syrup of Liquorish two ounces, syrup of Hysop an ounce: make a Gargarism.

A Digesting pouder in the increase of an Uvula in∣flamed. Take Orris half a dram, Frankincense a dram, meal of Orobus half a dram, Saffron a scruple: make a Pouder.

In the Swelling of the Almonds from a flegmatick Defluxion, * 1.237 the former Remedies are good: but you must use loss Coolers, and mix Clensers and Digesters.

In the loosness of the Uvula from a cold Defluxion you must present∣ly use Astringents and Dryers to make it shorter, * 1.238 and bind it that it may not fall down, as those men∣tioned or these following.

A Gargle. Take rooes of Celondine an ounce, Agrimo∣ny, Harts-tongue, Self-heal, Golden Rod, Privet, each a handful; boyl them in red Wine, red Roses and Barley, each a pugil; Galls half an ounce, boyl them in red Wine, add a little Vinegar, and syrup of Mulberries an ounce.

Or: Take Pomegranate peels two ounces, flowers of Pome∣granates half an ounce, red Roses, Lentils, each a pugil; Myrtle seeds two drams: boyl them as formerly, in the increase of the Infirmity, add a little Pepper, and Pelli∣tory roots, and Chamomel flowers.

The Water of Phyllitis or Harts-tongue is a good Gargle.

Or Vinegar and Water.

Also juyce of Pomegranates and sour Grapes,

Troches to be held in the Mouth. Take Acacia Hypocistis, each a dram and an half; the best Bole a dram Starch two drams, Snakeweed half a dram, with Gum Tra ganth make Troches.

If you take fine pouder that is astringent in a little Spoon, or upon a Spatula, and depress the Tongue and touch the Uvula therewith, it wil presently be made shorter.

It is commonly made of Pepper, the long Pepper is best.

Or of Allum or Salt Armoniack burnt, or flour of Brass according to Dioscorides.

Or: Take as much Salt as an Hazel Nut, burn it in an Iron spoon til it be red, add long Pepper a dram, Ginger and Pellitory, each half a dram; make a Pouder.

Also burnt Snails shels, Dill roots and all, and Nut∣shels burnt are good.

Or the Pouder of Sandarach.

Or: Take Galls, or Pomegranate peels a dram, Bole, Mastick Myrrh, Acacia or Hypocistis, each half a dram; Pellitory and Pepper, each a scruple: make a Pouder.

I have often found the Pouder of Lapis prunellae is a special Remedy against the falling of the Uvula, be∣cause it sequeezeth forth the Humors that fils it.

As for the Cutting we have already spoken thereof.

If the Defluxion be only upon the Tonsils or Al∣monds or Palate, we apply outwardly first things under the lower Jaw, as relax not, as in the Quinsie: for there is not such danger, that we need draw it suddenly forth; but such as dry the humor and astringe or bind the part.

They are made of Consumers of the Humors and Digesters, with some Astringents mentioned in the Quinsie.

Or thus: Take a Swallows nest prepared two ounces, dried white Dogs dung and Cypress Nuts, each an ounce; round Birthwort half an ounce, red Roses a dram, with Oxy∣mel apply them.

Or: Take Swallow nest prepared an ounce, Litharge half an ounce, Aloes three drams, Allum two drams, Salt a dram, with Honey of Roses or Oxymel.

In the increase of the Disease, use only Digesters or Emollients lest it turn to a Scirrhus, as in the Scro∣phulus, and if the tumor doth turn Scirrhus, then use things to be mentioned in Scrophulus.

If the Inflammation or Uvula turn to an Impost∣hume of the Almonds, use Ripeners as in the Quin∣sie.

And open the Imoposthume if ripe, which is easie, because you may come better at the part.

This may be done in the Uvula, and also before the suppuration to prevent it, by Scarification.

If the Uvula cannot be cured, but remains corrupt, and black, after the Inflammation, take off the cor∣rupt part. Or if it remain longer or greater by reason of the Defluxion, take off the top of it, because it caus∣eth impediment.

This is done best by a sharp pair of Sizers, this done stop the blood with cold and astringent Mouth-waters or Causticks, as we shal shew in Haemorrhages or blee∣ding.

The same is done by an actual cautery, through an Iron quil, if you allay the pain after with Anodines, or Milk held in the mouth, but a potential cautery cannot be used so wel.

In the Inflamation of the Gullet, use Astringents at the first, then Digesters inwardly as we shewed, or these Lenitives.

Take Cream of Barley, Mucilages, the white and yolk of Eggs, * 1.239 and swallow them with Sugar.

Or Take Sebestens twelve pair, Quince seeds half an ounce, Fleabane and Poppy seeds each two drams, Barley a pugil: boyl them, and in the Mu∣cilage dissolve Penides.

It is good also though the Gulet ly deep, to apply outwardly things, prescribed against Inflamation of the Jaws.

If there be an Imposthume after Inflamation in the Gullet, and break not, things swallowed against the Quinzie are good, and the Imposthume may be opened with an Instrument, such as we mentioned in the dissi∣culty of swallowing, for drawing things out of the Gullet.

It is good in all Inflamations of the Jaws, and parts thereof, to put oyl of sweet Almonds hot into the cars.

Amulets are allowed as the head of a Viper hung a∣bout the neck.

Or if you strangle a Viper in a scarlet string, and af∣ter hang the string, about your neck, it wil do miracles, in this case, according to Galen.

Also hang Paeony roots about the neck.

Or Colewort roots for the diseases of the Uvu∣la.

As for other accidents especially in a Quinzie, we allow a slender Diet; And Drink to allay thirst, if they can swallow with Barley, Raisons and Sugar.

we allow but little Sleep, and let the Ayr be pure and cool.

For fear of Suffocation, let the Patient ly with his head high, and apply other things to the cause of the disease, to preserve strength, and to take away strait∣ness of passage.

If there be an Ulcer after an Im∣posthume in the Quinzie, * 1.240 known by the matter voided, take heed least it get to the Lungs, and swallow it not but spit it out continualy.

Therefore clense the Ulcer dili∣gently, with Gargles of Wine and Honey.

Or with Milk, or warm Whey and Sugar.

Or with Barley, Lentile, and Figg water, with Honey of Roses.

Then use driers as Steeled Milk, or Milk with Comfrey roots boyled in it, or mixed with Bole, or other things to be mentioned in ulcers of the Jawes.

If the Ulcer come outward it must be cured as other external Ulcers.

If there be an Ulcer left after Sup∣puration of an Inflamation of the Almonds and palat, * 1.241 or other extern∣al causes, presently apply topical means. But if it come from evil hu∣mors in other diseases, cure that dis∣ease first as shal be shewed.

As if it came from a Defluxion, first purge the body for that and make other diversions as in other Deflux∣ions, as we shewed in other diseases of the Jaws from Defluxions.

With the aforesaid topical Clensers and Driers be∣ing strong, as we shewed in Ulcers of the mouth, we may cure these profound or deep Ulcers, or with these following proper for the Palate ulcerated or rotten.

As Goats milk, or Cows, or Sheeps milk, with Flints or Steel quenched therein, it will clense and heal the Ulcer.

Comfry, Agrimony, Plantane, Nightshade, and En∣dive water are excellent.

Also juyce of Agrimony, Coleworts, Vervain, Shep∣heards-purse and syrup of Mulberries.

Or the Decoction of Dogs-tongue, and Herb Robert Danewort, and Burnet.

To which Waters, Juyces, or Decoctions, add Su∣gar or Honey of Roses to clense more; and they will be stronger with Oxymel of Squils and Allum.

Also apply to the Uvula Honey of Roses and Al∣lum.

Also to dry strongly. Take fine Bole two drams, Dra∣gons blood a dram, Ceruss, Tutty, each half a dram; burnt Harts-horn a scruple: with juyce of Shepheards-purse, make a Liniment.

Or boyl Frankincense, Sarcocol, or Myrth in Wine and wash.

Or use Allum water prescribed in Ulcers of the Mouth.

Or this: Take Sugar half a pound, Allum two ounces, Salt an ounce: distil a Water.

Or use Lime-water, that is Water with Lime quencht in it.

Or Sublimate Water to touch the Palate warily with them.

A Pouder. Take quick Sulphur two drams, Allum a dram, Mastick, Frankincense, Myrrh, each half a dram; Pellitory roots, and burnt Harts-horn, each a scruple: make a fine Pouder, to which add four ounces of sublimated Wine.

If the Ulcer in the Uvula cannot be cured, cut it off speedily before it eat off the Palate and other parts neer or burn it as we shewed.

If the Ulcer or rawness of the Gullet come from a sharp Defluxi∣on, * 1.242 or a hot Vapor ascending, these must be first turned away if they continue, the Flux must be stopped, and the Jaws lenified, and the sense of feeling a little abated. Or if it be wounded from sharp things that stil stick there, take them out by the Art explained in dissicult swallowing.

Then Cure the Ulcer with Topicks choosing such in a simple excoriation which gently clense and dry and that may be swallowed down to the part affected without trouble.

Such as we shewed in Ulcers of the Jawes after a Quinsie, to Gargle with, which swallowed will cure a sore Throat.

If the Ulcer lie deep and be foul, you must use stron∣ger Clensers and Driers: Also if it be wounded from things swallowed; use the Remedies prescribed in the Ulcers of the Tonsils and Palate made of fat Earths, Bole or Lemnos Earth, and drying fruits juyced, as A∣cacia, green Grapes, and Dragons blood. Or those that are made of Gums, as of Frankincense, &c. and other Astringents and Driers mentioned in the Inflam∣mation of the Jaws.

Also use such Fumes as are in the Ulcers of the mouth mentioned to dry.

And the outward means mentioned in Quinsie.

CHAP. X. Of the Griefs or Pain of the Breast.

The Kinds.

THe inward Greefs or Pains of the Breast, are either Molestations only in divers strait passages of the Breast following divers Diseases. Of these we spake in Breathing hindered, because the Breath is either hin∣dered or depraved thereby.

Of true pains in the Breast, some are alone, others mixed. * 1.243 A Pain alone, is when with∣out other great accidents, there is a pricking in either side, especially in breathing, in some certain place, or moving; hence comes the false Phrensie, but not a true, because there is neither Cough nor Fever, except there be some other accident. If this pricking be great the breathing is little, and short, * 1.244 because if it be great, the pain is increased, and therefore the Party breaths gently. Of this there are two sorts differ∣ing in the Cause, the one is from Wind, the other from Flegm If they come outward with tumor and pain, they belong to external tumors to be mentioned in the habit of the body.

Of mixed pains, especially with a Cough or Fever, some are pricking, * 1.245 called true Pleurisies, and are sometimes in one side somtimes on the other, in a certain place, especially in breathing, which is also little and short, and very hot. This pain is greater when they lie up∣on the sound side, then when they lie upon the Back or the side affected.

Another pain in the Breast unac∣companied with the aforesaid acci∣dents is great, * 1.246 contracting as it were the Breast and Back, and drawing aside the Clavicle, with greater strait∣ness than the other, with pricking of the Breast some∣times before, or behind, or on both sides, this is called Peripneumonia, very like the Pleurisie in all things, but in respect of pain. And the liker if there be a prick∣ing pain in the side, and then is a Pleurisie and Perpneu∣monia mixed together.

There is a Cough in both kinds, more or less, which increaseth the pain, especially if it be pricking; by which at the first sooner or later, there is spit forth spit∣tle mixed with matter or blood, sometimes which is rare, it is without, afterwards there is matter bloodish, and at length true matter white, or yellow, or green, or black, concocted or not, somtimes clammy, somtimes stinking, somtimes otherwise.

In both the Pleurisie and Peripneumonia there is a Fever with a pricking pain, and both Diseases begin with horror and chilness, and a Fever following, Re∣spiration is increased and the pulse, and the Artery is hard and rough as a Saw when the pulse is touched, though some think that in Peripneumony the pulse is soft and wet. The Urin is high, and there is great thirst: and in a Peripneumony the Cheeks are very red, and the Fever continues so long, with exacerbati∣ons or fits in the night til the disease declineth or chan∣geth, as we shewed in Fevers.

There are other symptoms in both, from Diseases of the parts adjacent, as Doting, Swouning, and the like, but then these Diseases are mixed with others.

Besides these there is a pricking pain with burning in the side, * 1.247 with a Fever and Cough, like a Pleurisie, only in that there is no bloody or mattery spit∣tle, but a foul and dry Cough, and in that the pain comes outward, and makes the Breast sore when it is touched, and somtimes there is tumor and redness. This being differrent from the other in respect of the part affected, as shal be shewed in the Causes, and we call it the Pleurisie of the Mem∣brane.

The Causes.

These Diseases are in the inside of the Breast that cause these pains in the Pleurisie and Peripneumony, * 1.248 and are either distensi∣on or Inflammation.

The Distension of the Membrane that girts in the inward parts of the Breast, so great that the Membrane is lifted up and down as it were aside, if not torn or rent from the Ribs and Muscles, causeth that pricking pain in a false Phrensie. This may be from Wind or Humor.

When Wind gets into the spaces, * 1.249 be∣tween the flesh and the membranes, it causeth the pain called windy. And in the Breast when it gets between the Intercostal or Mus∣cles between the Ribs, it distendeth the Membrane

and causeth the pricking pain of the Windy Pleurisie.

This Wind as in other Diseases comes from eating of crude and windy things; and it wil be sooner in the Breast, if there be outward cold; or it is driven to the Breast by straining, roaring, coughing, or the like, when the Muscles are stretched: hence it is that we have seen that after the Breath hath been exposed to the Air, or after great motions there have been pricking pains sudddenly, especially in bodies subject to wind; and they have abated by heat and rest.

A Water or flegmatick humor falling down into the spaces be∣tween the Muscles of the Breast, * 1.250 and stretching them with its plen∣ty, as it causeth external pricking in the Breast (of which in exter∣nal pains) so if it be caried to the inward Membrane which is easie if it be thin, causeth these inward pains, which are outward also, not only in the Breast, but Shoulders, and that false Pleurisie which they call fleg∣matick.

Besides which there is no other (as some hold) which causeth Inflammation and yet comes from flegm, for we shal shew that all Inflammations comes from blood.

An Inflammation of the Lungs somtimes, * 1.251 and in the Membranes and parts adjacent together or a∣sunder, as it is in this or that place causeth a true or false Peripneu∣mony or Pleurisie, or that which is of the Membrane, either alone or mixed, how this is caused we shal declare.

It is the vulgar opinion that the Inflammation of the girding Tunicle causeth a true Plurisie and of the Lungs a Peripneumo∣ny: * 1.252 But we wil prove not on∣ly from anotomies wherein we have seen the Lungs inflamed after a Pleurisie, but by solid reasons, that the Lungs are inflamed in a Pleurisie, as wel as in a Peripneumony. Because the blood which they so soon spit cannot be (especialy so quickly) carried through the Lungs and their vessels, from the Tunicle inflamed, nor matter except the Lungs be ulcerated, but rather if it come from thence, it should flow into the cavity of the breast, and cause an Empye∣ma. Therefore because Blood and Matter are quickly and plentifully set forth in a Pleurisie and Peripneumo∣ny, they must come from the Lungs, and from no oth∣er part, as also the other accidents in both diseases, shew that the Lungs must needs be afflicted. Only this is their argument, that the Lungs are not only in∣slamed in a Pleurisie, because the pricking pain which is manifest in the Pleurisie, is obscure in the Peripneumo∣ny or none, and cannot be from the Lungs affected, but in a sensible and membranous part, which the Lungs are not. But this is not enough, to evince that though these prickings come from the membrane, yet the Lungs are not inflamed in a Pleurisie, as wel as a Peripneumony: But this is all that wil follow, that if the Lungs are only inflamed (as the truth is) the peripneumony is in one side (because the Lungs are divided by the Mediastine or Midriffe) and rather inwardly then outwardly, when there is no pain. But if the Inflammation be in the outside of the Lungs, then the pricking pains are from the Tunicle, but gentle, because the Lungs are not altogether insensible. But if the Inflammation be extended outward so that the Lungs are stretched, especialy in breathing (at which time pain is only felt) and the Fibers and smal veins and Arteries by which they are joyned to the girding Membrane streined, they pul the Membrane from the breast, though there be no Inflammation, (as we shewed in wind,) and then the pain is in the side, and it is greater when the Membrane suffers by consent from the Lungs inflamed by Swelling and Heat.

We deny not but it may be thus, and that the girding Tunicle may be also inflamed, and also the Periostia or bone Tunicles near it, (but we wil not acknowledg that it can be inflamed alone to cause any other kind of Pleurisie, as some write, because it sticks so close to the girding Membrane, where it is covered with Ribbs) which being so, there wil not be the true Pleurisie, which is without the Inflammation of the Lungs, which hath bloody and mattery Spittle, because the girding Membrane cannot be disburdned thereof: But there wil be that kind of Plurisie, which we called pe∣culiarly the Pleurisie of the girding Membrane. In which if there be great Inflammation, there must be pain increased from the pressing the breast, and it wil extend it self outwarly, because the Inflammation can∣not be conteined in the thin Membrane or Periostia but must reach to the muscles joyned thereunto, and so may be felt outwardly, because the Breast is not so thick, (as we have known in the Inflammation of the Perito∣naeum. And in this kind; If the Inflamation suppu∣rate, the Imposthume wil rather be outwaad then in∣ward, and there open: But if it break inwardly, the matter gets into the cavity of the Breast rather then into the Lungs, because it cannot be carried so quickly un∣to them and pierce through them.

But as these Arguments prove, that this may be so, so it is probable that if the girding Membrane be in∣inflamed together with the Lungs, and from them that that Inflammation in the Membrane wil be dis∣cussed rather then suppurated, because the great quanti∣ty of Blood in the Lungs at that time, cannot easily be in so thin a Membrane, or if it could be, it would ra∣ther be carried outward, as we shewed, and fil those muscles, and there come to suppuration. And hence it is that after a true Pleurisie, though the girding Mem∣brane be also inflamed and nothing appear outward, yet an Empyema seldome followeth.

And this is like to be also when the dividing or in∣tercepting Membrane is inflamed with the Lungs, in which as being a different disease, especially when the Inflammation reacheth to the Capsula of the Heart and Diaphragma, there are grevious symptomes that seize upon the mind and endanger the life.

These Inflammations both in a Peripneumony and true Pleurisie, being in any part of the Lungs, or els∣where, come from Blood, with which the Lungs a∣bounding by reason of the many great vessels, and being hotter by reason of the Arteries and the nearness of the Heart, it is easily inflamed: And the Inflam∣mations of the Lungs are more usual then of any other part. This Inflammation comes from Blood, (as o∣thers,) when it is got into the substance of the Lungs, out of its vessels which are the Arterial Veins, and Venal Arterie, and not into the branches of the rough Arterie, (for otherwise there would be a spitting of Blood) this Blood therefore fils the Lungs, and lifts them up, causeth Heaviness and Compression and streightness of the Breast, and inflames the Heart more, that before commonly had a Feaver; And by the Cough which it causeth, when it is sent into the branch∣es of the rough Arterie, it makes the Spittle sometimes mattery and after bloody, at length this Blood being ripened and concocted or suppurated, is coughed up,

til it be all spent: The substance of the Lungs being unhurt, for if they be ulcerated a Phthisis would follow. As we have seen often Blood alone and other humors turnd into Matter, the substance of the part not being suppurated or ulcerated, both in the eyes and other parts and in other Excretions made from the Lungs, by other means. Also it may chance that from Inflam∣mation of the Lungs, the Blood may fall upon the near side upon the girding Membrane and inflame it, but not usualy, because the Vessels are smal and few, and the vein to which the fault is laid called Azygos is only on the right side, and the Pleurisie is often on the left; As from the Inflammation of the Lungs in a true Pleuri∣sie when the sides are attracted and the girding Mem∣brane pulled aside, there may be a pricking. Hence it is that Pleurisies are more usual then the peripneu∣monyes, because the inside only of the Lungs are not so often inflamed, as it is in a peripneumony, but the Inflammation reacheth outward to the side adjacent, in which the pricking is greater when they ly upon the sound side, and the Lungs hang down being Inflamed, and with their weight draw the girding Membrane, then there is more pain then when they ly on the sick side, and the pain is greater if the Membrane be Infla∣med. Upon which if so much Blood fall, from o∣ther causes and inflame it, the Lungs being sound, there wil be another Pleurisie differing from the true as we shewed, in which there is no such Spittle.

All these accidents in the divers kinds of pleurisies, are also in a peripneumony, which sometimes begins of it self and sometimes followes a pleurisie when the Matter is gathered inwardly, and because the Heart is then more inflamed they cause a more sharp Feaver, by which the Blood being heated also in the superior parts of the Body, there is a redness in the Face and Cheeks. This is counted the peculiar signe of this disease, and it may be more observed to be in Peri∣pneumony then Pleurisie, and because this disease is more usual in old people, if their Cheeks be red it is looked upon as a strange thing.

According to the variety of the Blood, these inflam∣mations of the Lungs are divers, for if it be pure, such as is in the veinous Artery it wil be a simple Phlegmon, in which Spittle is mixed with pure Blood; If the Blood be too thin or hot, as in the arterial Vein, there wil be a phlegmon with Erysepelas, in which the Feaver is great∣er, as it is if the Blood cause an Inflammation, which is mixed with pure Choler, and then the Spittle is bloody and yellowish: Because this is usual, it caused some to write that Peripneumony comes from an Erysi∣pelas of the Lungs. Also if melancholy be mixed with the Blood causing the phlegmon, there is blackness with the bloody Spittle. And if Choller joyned with Blood, be the cause of this Inflammation, then there is a Pleurisie, or tertian Feaver, as I have often observed. Oftentimes also without these Diseases, there is a dis∣colouring of the Spittle, and it is not bloody, but yel∣lowish, greenish, blackish, from cholerick humors; when the Blood is any otherwayes impure, and mixed with vitious humors it causeth an impure phlegmon. But if a phlegmon comes from a crude and waterish Blood, it wil be an OEdema, with gentler accidents, and the Spittle less discoloured; as in the Peripneumony, called therefore crude. Also from this diversity of Blood, If the Inflammation be in the girding Membrane, the Symptomes wil be greater or less.

Because no phlegmon comes from any other humor seperated from the Blood, we cannot make the Deflux∣ion of Flegm, or other humor upon the Lungs, or the gathering of it there to be the cause of a true Pleurisie or Peripneumony, as some doe, and call it flegmatick for if these humors are in the lungs, they wil cause o∣ther Diseases that hinder breathing, as we shewed in defect of breathing, and if they fall upon the Muscles of the breast or upon the girding Membrane, they will cause a false Pleurisie as I shewed,

The cause of this flux of Blood that causeth a phleg∣mon, is often a Synoch Feaver which from the Blood inflamed in the Veins sendeth a portion into the sub∣stance of the Lungs, which produceth the Inflammati∣on accompanied with a Synoch from whence it came: And therefore the same causes of a Synoch (as we shewed in Feavers) are the causes of these Inflamma∣tions. As Surfetting, Drunkenness, because they cause Fulness and make the Blood too hot, are the causes of Synochs in young and old men, that live delici∣ously. therefore they are counted the cheif caufes of peripneumony and pleurisie, and therefore they prescri∣bed Abstinence from Wine and sat Flesh and Fish as Eels: from whence they say the peripneumony com∣eth, because the Blood groweth too fat, from eating of fat Meats and therefore may be sooner inflamed, ex∣cept these fish have a peculiar force to inflame, as the Sea-Hare hath to ulcerate the Lungs. Hence it is that in Spring, and in the time when Synochs are rife, these Inflammations are most usual, in these ages especialy which are subject to a Synoch, not only with an out∣ward Erysipelas, but that which produceth a peripneu∣mony.

These Inflammations are sooner in the Lungs, then any other part, If with the causes of a Synoch, there be also a disposition in the Lungs to receive them, which disposition is the natural Heat and plenty of Blood, and thinness of Substance in the Lungs, as also a weak∣ness accquired from a disease, which hath caused a Cough.

To which are added other causes which make them come out of the Vessels and flow to the Lungs, as a hot distemper, from Air, Anger or a hot Disease, as a Fe∣ver, or an outward Cold by Air which pierceth the Breast and Lungs: hence it is that this may be when the Veins are astringed. Also vehement motion, or pain about the Breast, or other things that draw blood to the breast. As in that Woman which conceived with Child in old age when her breasts that were for∣merly lank, grew great by the flowing of blood to them to breed milk, and fell into a Pleurisie. And I have observed that divers Women in the middle of their time of breeding, especially in the Spring after a cold Winter, from a sudden cold and moisture have fallen into Pleurisies by reason of much blood flowing to the breasts to breed Milk.

These Causes, except there be a Synoch scarse produce an Inflammation alone, but rather a spetting of blood. Or if they produce an Inflammation in the Breast without a Synoch asoregoing there will be only a sim∣ple Pieurisie by reason of the Muscles affected from the girding Membrane. Or if the Lungs be also inflamed, in both, the Fever coming from thence will not be a Synoch which is the next cause of a pleurisie and pe∣ripneumony, and begins with these Inflammations or goes before them; but wil be symptomatical, as we shewed in Fevers.

The Cure.

The Cure varieth as the Disease is divers which pro∣duceth these pricking pains in the Breast. And it is ei∣there an Iuflammation of the Lungs in a true Pleurisie

and peripneumony, or of the Membrane in its pleuri∣sie, or a distension from Wind or tumor in the two kinds of false pleurisies called Flatulent and Flegma∣tick.

The Inflammation of the Lungs both in a Pleurisie and Peripneu∣mony is dangerous, * 1.253 but most in a peripneumony by reason of the nearness of the Heart, both cause Death, either in the fourth or fifth day, or in the fourteenth or twentieth. When it tends to health it passeth the second or third week, and first the pricking ceaseth, then the Fever, and last the Spitting of Matter, but if it continue above the time mentioned, and the Fever ceaseth not, but is lin∣gring, it is to be feared that it wil turn to an Empyema or phthisis.

These following rules wil declare how these Disea∣ses wil end. If from the Lungs inflamed they present∣ly spit mixed matter, it is good, especially if they Cough and expel it easily; if otherwise, it is bad. This if it be blood or matter such as cometh from the part inflamed which is the Lungs, it is allowed. But if from the beginning the blood flows plentifully, for some daies, or cease and return again, it snews great hurt of the Lungs. But the sooner they spit matter white or concocted, and the more easily and plentifully it is voided, the better it is; unless it be sent forth in such abundance (as I have seen in a man that had a perip∣neumony und was ready to die) that it fill a Bason, this is a sign that the Inflammation is great and that a suppuration follows and also Death. Purulent mat∣ter though yellowish is not bad till it be Yellow, that whch is green is worse, and black worst of all, that which is white, slimy, and cleer prolongs the Disease. That Inflammation that comes from pure blood, is more gentle, that which comes from cholerick or im∣pure blood is worse and shorter; but that which comes from flegmatick blood is longer, but not so shatp. And that which follows other long and acute Diseases is harder to be cured. The peripneumony especially or the pleurisie in old people is deadly.

Great difficulcy of Breathing shews the greatness of the Inflammation, or a great collection of the matter; which suddenly flowing to the branches of the rough Artery, causeth mote trouble, and they breath with snorting, and if they do not presently spet and hawk it forth, it strangleth.

Cold of the outward parts, the Face sunk, and the pulse little, foreshew Death as in other Diseases.

If the Fever be strong with Heat, Thirst, and Watch∣ing, the danger is more, if gentle, less.

If there be a Delirium or Doting, which useth not to be in these Diseases, nor from the Fever accompany∣ing them, It is a mortal sign because it useth to come upon the distemper of the Septum or Diaphragma.

Bleeding at the Nose cannot be had in the beginning, both in respect of the Fever and also for Revulsion. But towards the end it weakneth, especially if much.

Plentiful voiding of Urin and Sweat, if they come seasonably, cures the Fever: and if they piss matter, they suppose the matter come from the Lungs, and the Diseases to be sent out of the way. But if matter can be carried from the Lungs by the hollow Vein which is more manifest rather than by the other obscure veins in the Breast which joyn to the Emulgent (which some men so diligently seek for, and bragg that they have found out) then in other Diseases there may be such a passage: but this is very rare, because in those that have been extreamly phthisical and empyematous no such thing hath been seen.

A Diarrhaea presageth Death, for, though some have thought otherwise, yet little of the cause of the Disease can be purged by stool. But if the Diarrhaea come at the first from other causes, and stay not long it may be harmless, especially if it take away any filth which may increase the Fever. And I have often seen Pleu∣risies after I have given Oyl of sweet Almonds with pouder of a Bores tooth, to go away with a plentiful Diarrhaea.

The Method of Cure for both is, * 1.254 to divert the Blood that flows to this noble part, & so to prepare that which is flown to the Lungs and inflames them, that it may be coughed and spet forth, because, except Nature do it of her self, it is in vain to purge it by Urin or Stool. Also still abate the pain in the Pleurisie which is very pricking, and in both cases inlarge the Breast, and hold up the strength, alwaies having an eye to to the Fever, as we shewed in Fevers; therefore abstain from hot things, and use temperate things that incline rather to cold; all which are done as followeth.

The Defluxion of Blood to the part is diverted best by Blood-letting, and the heat of the Fever abated, therefore neglect it not, though the Patient be very young, for we observe that in other cases and bleedings by cuts and falls they can loose much blood without danger; and in this Disease they wil find much ease by it: nor let it be omitted in women with Child, or old People: nor when the Disease comes from impure and cholerick blood, nor when the pain goes down to the Hypochondria. But for these causes do it mode∣rately rather than omit it. Blood-letting must be sud∣denly while the matter is flowing, the first day, at what time of day or night soever it be: or if it hath been neglected do it the next or the third day, taking much at a time, or six ounces at a time, often, if the first blee∣ding do not abate the Disease, bleed then thrice a day, or two or three daies together: after the third or fourth day, except you fear the increase of the Discase, or a Relapse from a new Flux of Blood (for which cause after many daies if there be strength you may bleed again) you must not bleed rashly.

You must open a Vein in the Arm (because the Veins are larger and neerer the part) either the middle Vein or that which most appeareth which is al∣waies best. And what vein soever in the Arm is ope∣ned whether it be on the right or left side the blood comes from the hollow Vein, from whose upper part above the heart the veins of the Arm come; and ther∣fore by consequence blood is drawn from the right side of the Heart into which the hollow Vein is joyned be∣fore it ascendeth: and so also blood is drawn from the Lungs by the veiny Artery, by which the blood flows from the right side of the Heart to the Lungs. Except, because the hollow vein is more on the right side, and sends blood into the right side of the Heart, and only sends out the vein without equal, or not paired to the right side only, you desire to open the Vein in the right Arm for a directer way of bleeding. which some think to be necessary in a Peripneumony and Pleurisie. Yet in a Pleurisie it is thought better to open a vein on that side that is pained, than on the contrary side (as the Arabians do who first open the contrary Arm for Re∣vulsion and then for Derivation) not only from the right order and direct flowing of the Vessels on that side, because the same may be good in a Pleurisie as wel as a Peripneumony, the Lungs being (as I shewed) affected in both: but because in a Pleurisie, the veins on that side where the pain is are more swollen with

blood. Therefore if the pain be on the right side, open the Vein in the right Arm if on the left, open the vein in the left Arm by reason of the Defluxion of blood caused through pain. And if the Vein in the Arm ap∣pear not, open that in the Hand on the same side: by which if the blood come freely there will be a greater Revulsion, and if not, a less. Also it is good to bleed in the Foot, or by the Fingers, after bleeding in the Arm, especially in Women who have this disease from stopping of the terms.

Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders, Emunctuaries, and Groyns make Revulsion, and the more if there be Scarification: these help the other bleeding, or supply when the other cannot be.

Also Frictions and Ligatures of the outward parts cause Diversion: or a Decoction to wash and rub the Hands and Feet, but it must be such as doth not heat.

Some adventure to use a Caustick to the sids, but it is neither safe nor profitable, nor Cupping-glalsses to the Breast.

Clysters are given to loosen the Belly before bleed∣ing, if it be bound, they are to be cooling and gentle, such as are mentioned in Fevers, and other internal In∣flammations and Quninsie. And some advise clensing Clysters at the end of the Disease if the matter tend from the Breast to the Guts, lest it should hurt them, which they think to be possible.

Loosners are better than purgers, for it is not conve∣nient in Inflammations of the Breast to give purgers: both because the matter cannot be purged by stool from thence, as also because they heat the body, and cause a Diarrhaea which useth easily to come with much hurt to the patient. These Laxatives must be good for the Breast, whereof Manna is the chief.

Next syrup of Violets three ounces, or Cassia, or simple Diaprunes two ounces, alone or with pectoral Decoction.

Or thus. Take sweet prunes, Raisons stoned, each an ounce; Violets a pugil, boyl and dissolve Cassia half an ounce, Manna an ounce: make a potion.

After the seventh day the Ancients used stronger pur∣ges, the humor being first prepared: but these are best in a false pleurisie as I shewed; or if the true pleurisie ceaseth, they are good against accidents that remain, o∣therwise they hurt more.

We give to drink things that cause easie Coughing and Spitting, because the Humor being fastned to the Lungs and not to the Membranes, girding them can∣cannot be sent a better way. This is done by Leni∣tives to the parts, and such as first thicken the Matter to stop the Flux of Blood if it be thin, and to make it more fit to be spit forth, and then by Concocters, Clensers and Cutters, if it be too thick and slimy. Or by things to ripen and cause matter to be spet forth lest it lying long there, the Lungs be corrupted by it, and a phthisis caused. Or if Nature endeavors to throw it out by stool or Urin (which is rare, and perhaps a meer Fansie) by such things as help Nature therein. These are done as followeth.

Lohochs to be swallowed by degrees, and so com∣municate their Vertue better to the Lungs are the best.

As the usual tablets of Diatragacanth frigid and Di∣a penidies without the species, held in the Mouth.

Or a Lohoch made of them with syrup of Jujubes or Violets to be licked.

Or this: Take the species of Diatragacanth frigid two drams, Penidies a dram, with the Syrup aforsaid make a Lohoch, adding half an ounce of the Diacodium if the Cough be great. others add Conesrve of Violets, but it is not so good to be licked.

Or this: Take Penidies an ounce, Pinenuts and sweet Almonds blancht, each two drams; the great cold seeds and white Poppy seed, each a dram; Starch half an ounce; juyce of Liquorish a dram, Gum Traganth and Arabick, each a dram; infused in Violet water while they swell, pulp of Raisons half an ounce, mix them for a Lohoch with syrup of Poppies, or a Diacodium half an ounce, and Mallow and Cotton seeds a dram.

In the progress of the Disease when the Fever de∣clineth, give tablets of Diaireos simple, Diapenids without the species, Lohoch of Pine.

Or thus: Take Lohoch de pino half an ounce, species of Diatragacanth a dram, species of Diaireos half a dram, pe∣nidies half an ounce, with syrup of Maidenhair and Liquo∣rish make a Lohoch.

Or thus: Take Sugar-candy, penidies, each half an ounce; pine-nuts two drams, of great cold seeds, each a dram; Orris roots two scruples, Gum traganth infused in water of Maidenhair and mucilage of Quince seed half a dram, pulp of Figs or Dates, each half an ounce; juyce of Liquorish a dram, or roots of Briony and Nettle seed, each half a dram; with syrup of Hysop, make a Lohoch.

We use also stronger Expectoratives and cutting Me∣dicines when they spet matter, especially if it be crude and slymy, and when the Fever is gone, and yet matter is voided. As Lohoch of Coleworts, of Coltssoot, Hore∣hound, Lochsanum, and other other medicines used in o∣ther diseases of the Lungs from Flegm and Matter.

Lohochs are made of fat things thus, to open the Breast, to mollifie and help spetting, as of Butter, Su∣gar, or Sugar candy, or Sugar of Violets, used like a Lohoch, the German May Butter called Mehenmuf

The new drawn Oyl of sweet Almonds or Lineseed are good with Sugar to be licked and taken by degrees, or to be drunk in Broath, or any Decoction proper to allay the pains of the pleurisie to which some add juyce of Marshmallows. Oyl of Nuts also in the progress of the Disease concocts the matter and makes it fit to be expelled.

Of which make this Lohoch. Take Oyl of sweet Al∣monds or Line seeds, or both Oxymel simple of Squils (if the matter be tough) each hvlf an ounce; with Sugar candy make a Lohoch.

Also Decoctions though they stay not long in the passage are good in respect of the Fever and Inflam∣mation; give a draught once or twice a day, thus.

If you wil thicken and lenifie use Barley water which allaies thirst, and nourisheth if you increase the quantity of Barley. If you wil clense more make it of whole Bar∣ley, with Raisons, Liquorish, and other sweet things as Sugar or syrup of Violets, Jujubes, and Maiden∣hair.

At first if you wil thicken and expectorate. Take roots of Marshmallows an ounce, Violets and Bugloss flowers, each a pugil; Jujubes and Sebestens, each six pair: Barley half a pugil, the four great cold seeds, each two drams: make a Decoction to a pint, sweeten it with syrups or Sugar∣penidies.

The Decoction of Corn-poppy made with Barley-water or Jujubes adding Sugar is good at first to stop a Defluxion and Inflammation: give three ounces at a time often, after boyl them in Scabious and Burnet∣water to Concoct, or use the water of poppy instead of the Decoction, or give the dried flowers in pouder with Broath or Violet-water, or other Liquor. Nei∣ther ought we fear its coldness, because the force it hath to attenuate and digest, which Galen imputes to the sharpness doth shew otherwise, as in the other Narco∣ticks which we shewed in other places are not cold.

When we wil clense more, give Sugar and Water

boyled twenty parts water and half a part Sugar, and if you clense more yet, use more Sugar and a little Cin∣namon.

Another to clense and lenifie. Take Liquorish an ounce and an half, Violets, Bugloss flowers, each a pugil; Figs six pair, Raisons ten pair, Jujubes six pair, sweet prunes five, Barley half a pugil, Gourd and Melon seeds, each two drams: boyl them, add Sugar or Syrups.

When we wil concoct and prepare thick matter at the end, give boyled Honey with Wine, it is good in old people, or when the Disease is not very hot. Or Honey and Water, which may be made as strong and hot as Sack.

Also the Decoction of Carduus or Leucacanth, or white-thorn roots, or Anthemis flowers.

Another to concoct and prepare. Take Liquorish an ounce, Elicampane root two drams, Maidenhair a hand∣ful, Hysop and Goats Organ (especially in a pleurisie) each half a handful; Violets, Bugloss flowers, each a hand∣ful; flowers of Anthemis half a handful, Raisons twelve pair, Figs ten, Dates five, Melon or Gourd seeds three drams, Cotton seeds, Mallow and Foenugreek seed, each two drams; Anise seeds a dram: boyl them, and add Sugar, Honey or Syrups.

Syrups to thicken are of Violets and Jujubes, to clense, of Liquorish, and to concoct withall, of Mai∣denhair and Oxymel if the matter be tough, two oun∣ces at a time may be given in a Decoction or Water of Violets, Bugloss, Maidenhair, Scabious, Hysop, like Juleps, or give julep of Violets, or the Syrups alone to be licked.

Also Spinage, Carduus, or Milk-thistle water, or of Anthemis flowers, or wild Lentils in a peripneu∣mony.

Or water of ground Ivy four ounces in a pleurisie four times a day, it is good to purge the breast from matter, and to desend from Peripneumony or Phthi∣sis.

Or the following potions. Take Bores tusk or jaw of a Pike, Crabs Eyes, Buls pizle, in pouder, a dram or a dram and an half, with Broath or Wine, or Carduus water, or Vio∣let or Barley water, these are better known by good expe∣rience than by reason.

The tusk of a Bore poudered and given with Oyl of sweet Almonds or Line seed is an excellent medicine in pleurisie or Quinzy.

Or Lapis prunellae given with Purslane water, or of Bramble berries, or of Sorrel, with Coolers in a good quantity often, quickly makes men in pleurisies to spit easily.

The Vulgar give the water wherein a Butchers Knife hath been laid some hours to cure the Pleu∣risie.

The roots of Daffodil or flowers, or of Dog-stones, Dockes, Goulden-hair, Lungwort, In Peripneumony, and seeds of wild Parsnepps and Carduus, pouder of Almonds or Nutshells, each, a dram, or a dram and an half, with the Liquors mentioned: are also good.

Also roots of Centaury, the great Birthwort, and Costus agallochus, Aethiopis, and three leaved Daffadill leavs and seeds, Myrrh, Bdellium, Asla foetida, are comended by Diascorides with wine and water. But he saith not in what kind of Pleurisie true or false.

It is known by experience, that these following are good and presently abate, or take away the pain in a pleurisie: Take a scruple of Bores Tusk, or a dram, with two or three or four onnces of Oyl of sweet Almonds, or with Lineseed Oyl, as in a Quinsie.

Another experiment: Take Nut-shels, red Corral, each a dram, make a pouder, give it with white Wine.

This is highly approved, Take Roots of long Birth∣wort, Piony, Bay-berries, each halfe a dram; Stones of Medlars, a dram; Ivory shavings, Myrrh, each dalf a dram; make a pouder, give it with Tamarisck water or Wine.

Yarrow also bruised and given in Vinegar.

Also Turpentine any wayes taken alone, or with the Yoalk of an Egge, and Violet water, or the like, or in pills with Sugar, and pouder of Liquorish.

They say that pills made of melted Pitch open an Imposthume, and also Watercresses and Mustard seed.

The Chymists give flower of Brimstone alone, or with Salt peter, and Salt of polypody, or St Iohns-wore with Wine.

Instead of ordinaty Beer and Wine and Water to quench Thirst, give Barley water, a little warmed as all Drink must be least Spitting be hindred, and the Breast hurt. We allow Wine to refresh the weak, but not afore the seventh day, a little and mixed with Bar∣ley water, and Sugar to cleanse.

Give a thin Diet for two or four dayes, and such as helps expectoration as Cream of Barley, and of Al∣monds, thicker or thinner as you please; or sweet prunes or Raisons stewed with Sugar.

After use a fuller Diet, especially after the seventh day, or sooner if strength fail, as boyled bread, or Marshpane, or that of Almonds or pine nuts, and good Broaths and Jellies, as in the Hectick Feavor.

Or this. Take the Brawn of an old Cock or Hen, boyl it adding Violet or Bugloss water, or Scabious water, each two ounces; give the Broath with fresh Butter, and a little Salt, and it is stronger if you bruise the Flesh and and strain it with the Broath.

Or add to that Decoction three ounces of Crums of Bread, and to a pint of the Broath add Conserve of Violets, Bugloss, Maidenhair, to each an ounce, species of Diatragacanth frigid and Diaponides, each a dram; Dia∣margariton frigid, half a dram; of the four great could seeds Cotton and Mallow seeds, each a dram; penidies two ounces, distil a Liquor, it wil restore.

To nourish more; Take a Capon prepared, and a peice of Veal, boyl them to a Jelly, give it alone, or with the former Liquoris. or give the juyce of a roasted Capon strained.

Also give according to Mathiolus, Snails in Barley water.

Also take of the top of a sweet Apple and hollow it, and fil it with Olibanum poudered, lay on the head again to cover it, and tye it together and roast it, give it to be eaten, this is thought good to cure and prevent a Pleurisie.

Or give an Apple roasted the same way, with Juyce of Liquorish, Sugar, and Starch.

Some give Diureticks at the end of the Disease, when Nature dischargeth it by Urine to help her.

Also the Decoction of Fennel, Sparagus, Knee∣holm, Liquorish, red pease, Maidenhair, and the great cold seeeds. Such as we shewed in Fevers when we desire to carry away the matter by Urin.

Somtimes we give things to purge when Nature is willing that way to discharge the matter (which is rare) as we said of Clysters which open and clense.

Also it is good to apply things outwardly to the Breast, whether the pain be great as in a pleurisie, or little as in a peripneumony (although the Disease be not in the Breast, but in the Lungs properly) because the strength of these Remedies may reach thither.

Notwitstanding we must not at the beginning, give hot things to try if the Pleurisie be true or false, for they wil inflame and make it worse, for a true Pleurisie is discerned from a false by other waies which are more safe. Nor must we use all those things which are com∣mended against Inflammations which they thought was in the girding Membrane, not in the Lungs, or e∣specially against the Imposthume which they thought was there also, and therefore they apply things out∣wardly to suppurate and open: except the Inflamma∣tion of the girding Membrane follow the Inflammati∣on of the Lungs, or come of it self without them as we shal shew in the pleurisie of the Membrane. But we must apply outwardly to the part pained, things that mitigate it, and dilate or open the Breast that they may spit more freely, and such as digest the matter in the Lungs. This is done by Anodynes that are temperate, and but very little hot and loosning: or if there be no pain, as in a peripneumony, you may use cooling things also against the Inflammation, and after such as ripen and dissolve it. All these must be applied actu∣ally hot.

A Fomentation is chiefly good when there is pain, and if it be only of warm water in a bladder, it wil mi∣tigate and relax.

But more if these following be boyled therein: As, Take Mallows and Marsh-mallows with the roots, Pellitory of the Wall, each a handful; Violets, Chamaemel, Melilot flowers, each a pugil; Lineseed an ounce, Bran a pugil, Figs ten pair, Annise seeds two drams, boyl them for a Fomen∣tation.

You may add Branck-ursine and Colewort, each a hand∣ful; Foenugreek seed half an ounce, Mallow seed two drams, and in the progress if heat be not violent white Lilly roots an ounce and an half, and a little Wine to make it pierce. When the pain is violent the Leaves, Heads, or Seeds of Poppies allay it.

Also a Bag of Bran boyled, strained, and applied a∣bateth the pain. To which you may add the things a∣forementioned.

Also there are Anodynes and ripening Cataplasms made of the residence of the Decoction mentioned bea∣ten with Barley meal, with Hogs grease and fresh Butter, each an ounce; Oyl of Violets two ounces, Oyl of sweet Almonds, Chamaemel or Dill each an ounce.

Or: Take Barley meal four ounces, Line seed and Foe∣nugreek, each two ounces; Ashes of green Coleworts two drams, Sagapen a dram, with Hogs and Goose grease, make a Cataplasm.

Pellitory of the wall also beaten and fried with Oyl or Butter is excellent.

Or Snails boyled and bruised.

An Epithem of lenifying and cooling things may be applied to the breast, but hot, though there be no pain as in peripneumony.

Thus: Take a Decoction of Barley a pugil, Gourd and Lineseed, each an ounce; Violets a pugil, or you may use any Epithem mentioned in the Hectick.

In the beginning anoynt the side with Coolers and Loosners: As, Take Oyl of Violets and sweet Almonds, each an ounce; fresh Butter half an ounce, Mucilage of Quince or Line seeds six drams, with a little Wax.

You may add Oyl of Gourd and Line seed.

When the pain is great in a pleurisie. Take Oyl of sweet Almonds, Chamaemel, Melilot or Dill each an ounce; Duck or Goose, Hens or Capons grease, ca••h half an ounce; mueilage of Foenugreek and Lineseed, each six drams; Gal∣banum, Turpentine, each a dram; Saffron a scruple, with Wax make a Liniment.

The fat Caule of a Beasts Belly laid hot to the side taketh away pain.

Also Unguents and Cataplasms as the Resumptive Oyntment, made of Fats, the Pectoral that of Marsh∣mallows, or that of Zacharies son, or of Mesue.

It is good after anoynting to apply a Colewort leaf warm or anoynted.

Or to sprinkle the Ashes of burnt Coleworts upon the part anoynted.

It is counted also a singular Remedy against a Pleu∣risie, to anoynt with Oyntment of Marsh-mallows, and to sprinkle pouder of Cumminseeds thereupon, or of Orris roots.

Let the patient ly upon the side pained, for so the pain wil be less, with his Head and Breast a little high, that he may breaths omewhat easier: And let him be∣ware of all violent motions of Mind or Body.

For other Symptomes if there be watching, or want of Sleep, give things proper for Disease also, as Al∣mond Milk, with Emulsions of cold seeds and Saffron, ormixing Syrup of Poppyes, or the like, as we shewed in Watching.

If there be a Diarrhaea, because it is dangerous you must use Syrup of Myrtles, with other Medicines, be∣cause it both expectorateth, and stoppeth a Loosness, And anoynt the Belly and Reins, with binders, as we shewed in too much going to stool.

If there be an Inflammation in the girding Tunicle, * 1.255 (which then extends it self to the in∣ward Muscles of the Breast, we distinguish it from the true Pleurisie, mentioned by the name of a Pleurisie of the gird∣ing Tunicle) and if it be with the Lungs also inflam∣ed: Then we use the same way of Cure, as of a true pleurisie, being they are both together, and by reason of this Inflammation joyned, we use such Topical ex∣ternal medicines as are proper to the Inflammation, when alone.

But if the side be only inwardly inflamed and not the Lungs, * 1.256 then we use revellers, and derivers, by bleeding, cupping, and scarrifying, and the like, as in a true Pleurisie, and Clysters, and Laxatives.

For the things given to expectorate in the Inslam∣mation of the Lungs, when the Inslammation is in the girding Membrane, cannot reach the part affected, nor can the matter from thence come to the Mouth, to be spet forth as I shewed; therefore they will do more hurt then good by causing a Cough, and moving the pained Side, therefore let no things be given to cause Spitting, except other Accidents happen, but such things as help in a true Pleurisie, by a propriety, and such as are mentioned there against Thirst, and for Nourishment.

But the Topicks which we declared in a true pleu∣risie, are good here, because they asswage pain, loos∣en the breast, and concoct the Matter there fast∣ned, and the rather because being applyed outward∣ly to the pained side, they come near the part, and sooner and more directly spend their Virtue, then they can to the Lungs; therefore Fomentations, Cataplasms, Oyntments, and plasters, there menti∣oned may be applyed here, especially because by re∣laxing they draw the Matter outward, as I shewed in a Quinzy, and if the Inflammation be not great, and without a Tumor, they discusse and dissolve it.

And as they are used in a Quinsie, to draw Matter, from the streightness of the Jaws, so here to draw it from the breast, least it imposthumate there, & leave af∣ter

it is broken, an Empyema behind it. Therefore in both cases, we abstain from the beginning from all repellers, not because these hinder breathing, by astringing or binding the breast, as the Vulgar Opi∣nion, which cannot be great, and if there were an Inflammation only outward, this could not hinder the use of them: but for the Cause mentioned that we may draw out the Matter, rather then strike it in by Repellers. Also we somtimes apply Cupping-Glasses to the breast, and other things that draw from within deeply, as Pitch malaxed with hot Oyl, with Rosin and a little Brimstone, or with black Soap dissolved with Oyls, these both resolve and concoct the matter attracted, and presently after we use Relaxers or Loos∣ners. If the Inflammation will not cease by so do∣ing, about the end of the Disease, we apply hot∣ter Remedies to discuss the matter, that it suppurate not. Or if this cannot be done thereby but it doth Imposthumate, we apply to the breast outwardly things that ripen it, and that it may open rather out∣wardly than inwardly, as a tumor enlarged useth to do, otherwise than we do in a true Pleurisie.

In the progress of an internal Inflammation of the breast after we have used the Anodynes and Loosners mentioned in a pleurisie, and when the pain begins to cease, but is not quite gone, we use these following to draw out and discuss the Reliques of the Inflam∣mation.

We foment the pained side thus: Take Lilly roots four ounces, Mallows, Orris roots green, two ounces, Mallows, Horehound, Calamints, each a handful; Chamaemel and Elder flowers, each a pugil: Rosemary flowers half a pugil, Foenugreek or Line seed six drams, Carua and Cummin seed, each a dram and an half; Figs six pair, boyl them in Wine and Water.

Make a Cataplasm of the Residents of the Decoction beate with Bean flower two ounces, Ashes of burnt Coleworts two drams, Oyl of Lillies two ounces, Honey an ounce, with an ounce and an half of Doves dung it will draw more.

Or anoynt the side with Oyl of Lillies, Flower-de-luce or Wall-flower.

Or dip Wool therein and apply it, or a Cabbage leaf to draw: for which purpose they use only a Clout dipt in Sulphur.

Or this Oyntment which discusseth very wel. Take Oyl of Lillies two ounces, Oyl of Orris and Dill, each an ounce; juyce of Dwarf-Elder or Onyons an ounce and an half, Aqua vitae two drams, boyl them till the Waters are consumed, add Flower-de-luce root a dram and an half, Cummin seed a dram, Saffron half a scruple, Galbanum and Sagapenum dissolved in Aqua vitae, each a dram; Turpen∣tine two drams, Hogs grease and Oesipus or grease of wool, each half an ounce; with Wax make an Ointment. Goats or Pigeons dung and Brimstone, each a dram, will make it stronger.

If you anoynt with Oyntment of Marsh-mallows, and sprinkle Cummin seed upon the part, it is as good here as in a true Pleurisie.

Also the Plaster of Diachylon with Orris.

But if after the use of Anodynes the pain abate not but rather increase, especially if the pain increase by being touched, and if a Tumor appear outwardly, then be∣cause it tends to suppuration, apply things that may help it forward, such as were mentioned for the Quin∣sie to be applied outwardly, or these.

A Fomentation: Take Marsh-mallow roots three oun∣ces, Roots of Lillies an ounce, Mallows, Scabious, Glassweed, each a handful; Flowers of Melilot and Dill, each a pugil; Figgs six pair, Lineseed an ounce, boyl them in Water and Milk.

Beat the Residents, and with Flower of Lineseed, Muci∣lage of Quinces, and Marsh-mallow roots, each an ounce; Butter two ounces, make a Cataplasm.

This ripens better and opens the Imposthume. Take Onions and Lillies, roast and stamp them, add six ounces of Marsh-mallow roots bruised an ounce, Pease flower two ounces, Barley-leaven, or of French Wheat called Spelt an ounce and half, Pulp of Figgs an ounce, with Butter and Hogs grease make a Cataplasm, if you add Goat or Pige∣ons dung an ounce, and Mustard and Water-cress-seeds, each a dram; it will sooner open it.

It may be broken by violent Motion of the breast, as Roaring, Neesing, Vomiting, but not so safely.

If in a watery or windy pleurisie there be a stretching in the Membranes, * 1.257 from a Humor or Water gotten thither, which causeth pricking, you must use things that stop the Humor, and turn it from the breast if it still flow, or if it be wind, give things that hinder the breeding of it, and keep it from the part. And in both cases apply to the part things that discuss, and digest, and consume Wind and Water.

Diversions are made by cupping, Friction, and wash∣ing, and other things that stop Defluxions and carry wind other wayes: but you must not open a Vein but when by reason of great pain you fear Inflammation, and only in plethorick bodies.

Sharp Clysters revel also, with things to expel Wind, in which Hiera dissolved is highly commended.

And purges with preparatives first, not only gentle to revell, but strong to draw down and send forth wind and humors that produce it: these are better here than in a pleurisie from Inflammation (which some do use in the pleurisie called Flegmatick which they dream comes from an Inflammation) Therefore we rather use Rhubarb, Agarick or Scammony, or Coloquintida or Hellebore as the Ancients, especially Hiera of Coloquinti∣da commended so by Galen against a pleurisie, here then in an Inflammation in which we can give no strong Purges profitable, but with great hurt.

These Purges are mentioned in Diseases from De∣fluxions, here and there, and in palpitation from wind and in Rheums falling upon the breast.

And there you may find Altering Remedies also.

It is in vain here to give expectorating medicines as in a true pleurisie, except a Defluxion fall upon the Lungs. But some things there mentioned which work by a hidden quality or by drying or digesting may be given here.

As the Carduus waters (which some think cures pric∣king pains because of the prickles) as that of the Blessed Thistle called religiously the Carduus of Mary, or their seeds, or an Emulsion made of them and of Hemp∣seed.

The Vulgar Women keep a water for this made of Ice gathered in March.

There are also other Remedies that cure a pleurisie without causing Coughing, as that of a Bores tusk, and the like, which are good here. and many better for a false than a true pleurisie, for divers of them are hot and dry which cannot be good in Inflammations, but by a hidden quality, and those may work in this Dis∣ease by a manifest as wel as a secret vertue. Especially those there mentioned of Dioscorides for pleuresies in general.

Also Oyl of sweet Almonds and Line seed given to dilate the breast, are good here taken in good quantities.

And Wine if nothing else forbid it, and other Meats and Drinks mentioned in Defluxion and Diseases of wind.

Apply outwardly things to dissolve and discuss wind and humors, and to take away pain.

As a great Cupping-glass to the part, with fire, which will draw out the Humor and Wind, by an attractive Vertue, not by Heat, (as some think) for Heat is not used to warm the breast, but to make the Glass stick.

Also actual Heat doth the same, if it be gentle, it qua∣lifyeth the pain, if strong, it discusseth and consumes thin Humors and Wind, as the Heat of the Sun doth the Clouds. This may be done by any warm Cloths, or with warm Water, in a bladder or brass vessels, to keep the heat longer, made on purpose; Olive Oyl in a bladder hot, take away pain, But in a true Pleurisie it must be but luke-warm.

Also Fomentations of things actually and potential∣ly hot, with a Spunge felt, or Wool, squees'd a little that it may not wet too much, or in a bladder rather then in brass, that the vertue may pierce sooner, and changed when cold.

They are made of Decoctions mentioned in Infla∣mation of the Membrane.

Or thus: Take Marsh-mallow roots an ounce, Orris, Galangal, each half an ounce; Calamints, Wormwood, Or∣gan, Thyme, each a handful; Chamomil, Melilot, Rosema∣ry and Stoechas flowers, each a pugil; Caraway, Cummin, and Fennel-seed, each half an ounce; Foenngreek and Linseed an ounce, Bay-berries an ounce and half, bruise and boyl them in Wine and Water.

This is an excellent Experiment in all side-pains.

Take Spirits of Wine six ounces, Camphire a dram, boyl them till the Camphire is dissolved, add where it is hot Pouders of sweet Sanders a dram and half: wet Clouts, therein, and apply them hot.

Also dry baggs hot. As, Take Bran, and the whole Seeds of Milium, or Grumwel, or seeds of Panicum, and Oats, each two pugils; Salt an ounce, fry them, and make baggs to be shifted as in Fomentations. They are better, if you sprinkle a little Wine, or Aqua vitae, or white Wine∣vinegar, to pierce.

This is stronger: Take Bay-berries a pugil, Juniper∣berries half a pugil, Caraway and Cummin, each an ounce; Fennel-seed a dram, dryed Hysop, Savory, Thyme, Organ, Marjoram, each a dram; Rosemary and Chamomil-flowers, each a dram and an half; Orris roots a dram, Salt half an ounce, make a Pouder for a bag, as before.

The residents of the Decoction mentioned, squeezed between two trenchers, is also good.

Or Cataplasms made of them, as we shewed in the Inflammation of the Membrane, with Pouder of Cara∣way and Cummin-seed, each six drams; Oyl of Rue and Orris, each an ounce; Pigeon or Goats dung half an ounce, with two Yolks of Eggs.

Also Oyls or Oyntments there mentioned, sprinkle the part after with pouder of Cummin-seed, which is excellent in all Pleurisies, to consume Humors and Wind.

Or this Cerot: Take Thyme a dram and half, Spike, Cloves, Sanders, each half a dram; Storax a dram, red wax an ounce and half, with Hogs grease make a round Cerot, and a dram of Orris pouder.

Also the Emplaster of Bay-berries malaxed with Oyl of Lillies, or mixed with the Cerot.

Or this: Take Opopanax, Galbanum, Serapinum or Sagapenum, each two drams; dissolve them in equal patts of Aqua vitae, and white Wine-vinegar, add pouder of Cum∣min-seed half an ounce, Caraway, Seseli, Lovage-seed, each a dram; dryed Rue half a dram, Brimstone a dram, with Oyl of Rue, or Penny-royal, and a little Turpentine make a Plaster.

Another Plaister of Honey, and Oyl of Wormwood boyled, is good also.

And many outward Remedies mentioned in out∣ward pains, from Humors or Wind.

CHAP. XI. Of Pain of the Heart.

The Kinds.

THe pain of the Stomach is com∣monly called the Pain of the Heart, * 1.258 this is in the fore part of the Breast, in a soft and naked place, where the Ribs are parted, which is called the Hearts lodge, and reacheth to the left side, as far as the Back. In this place above the rest, there are usual pains and molestations, they differ in that they are either usual or not. The most usual, are such as come new from a new Cause, or a Disease of which they are a Symptom. Their kinds are as they are diversly mani∣fest to sense.

A Compressing or stretching pain called Periodyna, * 1.259 is that in which there is felt a pressing or stretching in the lodge of the Heart, more or less, with loss of Appetite almost, and loathing some∣times, and with belching, and somtimes vomiting, or purging.

This kind comes from some new Cause very often, and either stayeth a while, or comes after meat, and ends with concoction. Somtimes it is the Symptome of divers Diseases, so that there is scarce a person but hath felt it in a Disease, or at other times.

A knawing pain is called Heart-eating, * 1.260 in which there is felt a biting, with prick∣ing in the said region of the Heart, with Compression or Burning somtimes.

This is in many Diseases, and in sound men sometimes when fasting, especially some called Picrocholi, from sharp Choler, have it when they want their Dinner, and it is often with bitterness of mouth, and hindrance of sight.

Some have it chiefly before Supper, when they are given to writing, and lean upon their Stomaches, by which they loose Appetite. They who fear, this pre∣vent it by sitting upright or standing, when they write.

Some have it in the morning before they rise, when they lye long waking, and after they are up, and have been at stool, or broke wind, it is gone. In others it comes as soon as they are up, and goes away with snee∣sing.

Also this Knawing with Compression is after meat, when it is bad, or too much. Of which Bairus makes a private sort of Heart-ach, when they are cold after meat, with sense of this Compression and difficulty of breathing; this is called a turning of the Meat into Flegm: Of which Galen speaks.

This may be at all times, * 1.261 and from other Causes, as it is afore Vomiting, and from outward Injuries and Cold, or from things swallowed that hurt the Stomach. And when any faint∣ing comes with this Disease called Cordiaca, as we shew∣ed in Fainting.

That pain which hath such Heat that it seems to burn, * 1.262 is in sound peo∣ple often, whether full or empty.

That is most usual, in which when they would belch

they feel great burning, the flame as it were, being shut up in the Gullet, and not able to get out, especially af∣ter meat, or violent Exercise: the Germans call it Boyling, * 1.263 we call it a Burning boyling of the Stomach, of which we spake in Difficulty of Belching.

Also this Burning is the Symptom of divers Disea∣ses, of the great pain of the Stomach, where it is bur∣ning, pricking, stretching and beating, and is increased by touching of the part, and reacheth to the Back, and girds the Body like a Girdle, and seems to draw down the Shoulders, and there is labour and pain to swallow and belch, and difficulty of breathing, being quick and little, and there is sometimes a continual Feaver, by which means the Pulse is quick, and Urin high, with Spitting of Blood or Matter. This is called the Infla∣mation or Phlegmon of the Stomach from the Cause of it. And the Imposthume of the Stomach, though it is more properly so called, when it is turned to an Im∣posthume.

Also a most burning pain, with vomiting, and other dangerous accidents, may come from another Disease of the Stomach, called Erysipelas, as we shall shew in the Causes.

The usual pain in the lodge of the Heart is called Cardilaea, * 1.264 distinct from Cardialgia; this comes from a small Cause, and returns often. There are two kinds of it according to the di∣versity of the Nature, in which they are known by this some are of weaker, and others stronger Appetite.

Such Natures as have weak Appe∣tites and other accidents from weak∣ness of Concoction, * 1.265 are subject to u∣sual pains of the Stomach, compres∣sing or stretching, and sometimes knawing, and are troubled from the least offending meat, and other outward things, especial∣ly cold, from which they are forced alwaies to defend their stomaches. These pains come from Weakness of Stomach, and are there described, and are called by the same name.

Those Natures that have stronge ap∣petites, * 1.266 and eat greedily, and gorge themselves, have pains of the stomach, as shall be shewed in the Causes. They are from great excess, and also sharp, or salt Meats: these pains are called a hot distemper, and are described in a hot Constitution.

The Causes.

The place or part affected, is the region or lodge of the Heart, not the Heart it self, for it is not under it, nor is it sensible, as I shall shew, but the Stomach which is in that region, or some parts of the Colon or Midriff, that reach thither.

The Cause of this, is from the Sto∣mach which is on the left side of this Region, * 1.267 and is very sensible, especial∣ly at the mouth of it, which hath very remarkeable Nerves, And this mouth of the Stomach is called Cardia, because it is next under the Heart, and there goeth through the Midriff, and joyneth to the Ventricle, and therefore the pains there∣of are felt, as if they were in the Heart, and as it were communicated unto it, and cause a Swounding, if they be great; as we shewed in Cardiaca. All these pains in this region are called pains of the Heart, or Cardial∣giae. And the pains of the Stomach are divers, by rea∣son of its exquisite Sense, and often injuries by things taken in, and brought to it, and because it sticks out, and is so exposed to more danger. These pains are ei∣ther primarily in the stomach of it self, from some cause afflicting it, as a Disease, which is either a hot or cold distemper, stretching, heaviness, twitching, or irritation, especially when there is a helping Cause, that is a Dis∣position of the Stomach, from a weak or hot Constitu∣tion. Or they are by consent in the stomach, from the nerves that are planted in it. These pains I have seen but seldom, but they were with much grief and mourning, and somtimes a little doting, and they alwayes ceased after vomiting, they are chiefly in Semitertians. Of these in their order.

A hot Distemper alone without mat∣ter, doth scarce cause pain, * 1.268 because the stomach is delighted with hot things, and when it is very hot, from things ta∣ken in, or hot Diseases, as in Feavers, Heat of the Liver, and the like, there is thirst rather then pain, except another accident happen as we shall shew in the hot Constitution of the Stomach.

The Stomach is somtimes so infla∣med, * 1.269 that from the Veins abounding there, Blood is sent into the substance thereof, and then follows that burning pain, which we call an Inflammation. It is somtimes pure, somtimes with an Erysipelas, when the blood that flows to it, is very thin and hot, and then the heat is greater. An Inflmmati∣on is seldom in the stomach, because it feeleth any hurt, and presently rouleth up and down; or never, except it be from great violence, as a contusion or stroak upon the Stomach being full, or from taking of very hot things actually or potentially, as Spanish-flies or Sub∣limate. Also it may be from heat of the blood in the Meseraick Veins in Feavers or other Diseases sent to the Stomach, without any outward Cause. And this Inflammation is turned somtimes into an Imposthume and then the pain increaseth, and when it breaks, mat∣is vomited.

A simple cold Distemper whether dry or moist (though some deny it) being an enemy to the Nerves, * 1.270 causeth pain in the stomach, which is with knawing, and as it were Fainting.

This comes from exposing the na∣ked stomach to the cold air, in lean people especially, when they go not warm cloathed, and are hot or sweat, and then open their breasts: From whence I have known great complaints of Heart-ach, with Fainting. This may come also from other cold things as Water, and the like.

The same may come from drinking cold Water or Wine, with Snow-water, or Milk, especially when the Body is hot, as often people do. From whence many grievous accidents have been to my knowledg.

The same may come from a cold Humor, suddenly falling upon the Stomach from the Head, which cau∣seth Loathing and Compression, or from glassie four Flegm flowing to the Stomach, for that which breeds in it by degrees, moistneth and loosneth it, and rather causeth weakness then pain, except it cause Heaviness by the quantity, as shall be shewed.

When the Stomach is stret∣ched, or burdned, * 1.271 or pressed inwardly or outwardly, it hath a pressing pain, and somtimes knawing, this may come from

divers following causes.

Meat rather then drink (which sooner goeth through, and as Hippocrates saith sooner filleth then meat) being taken abundantly, burdens the stomach and stretcheth it: Especially after a supper, hence the old saying ut sit nox Levis, sit tibi Caena brevis.

If you'l have a good Night. Let your Supper be Light.

For they who feed too freely, hinder the free moti∣on of the Diaphragma thereby, which causeth difficulty of breathing, so that they are in danger of Suffocation, as one whom I knew that eat bread for a wager, and a Virgin that had crammed her self with Chesnuts, were, and an old woman that died with eating of too much Meat and Eggs upon an Easterday. The same may be also when any hard thing is taken into the Stomach as when it is filled with Cherry stones, or other hard substance, as the Mountebancks, that eat flint stones for Money.

Wind filling the stomach, causeth a stretching pain, * 1.272 which is called the In∣flation of the Stomach. This comes from crude, waterish and windy meats and drinks, or a humor of that nature. Or from crudity of the Stomack, or from want of Concoction, which being bred there stretcheth it, and if it be much in quantity, maketh it heavy. The same may come by a humor, that comes out of the Guts into the Stomach, which is rare, and then the belching is sower and as of roasted flesh.

If Air be taken into the stomach, as somtimes by greedy drinking, it doth the same if it be any quantity and remains there: but this is seldom, because after meat taken in, it is forced up again by belching. But if Wind or Air be mixed with meat, as we see in Pud∣dings while they are filling, then it sooner offendeth and stretcheth the stomach.

A crude flegmatick excrementitious humor being in the stomach from crudity, or from the Head by De∣fluxion, offendeth it by distemper, if it be cold, and by compression also, if it be much, and turns into wind. This crudity comes from weakness of the stomach, or want of Concoction. And if thereby crude flegm be produced, it causeth the disease called the turning of meat into flegm.

A hard preternatural tumor in the stomach, as a Call us after some hurt (such as I have seen in the stomach of a Swine that was wounded formerly there, and in the bladder of a Cow) or any other hardness or scirrhus that breeds therein, doth burden and molest it, and the more after meat.

Also the stomack may be afflicted by the parts adja∣cent, when too ful or obstructed, or swollen, or hard, they press upon it, or inflame it. As by the Liver over it, or the spleen under it, or the Reins near to it, or the Diaphragma inflamed, or by the colon Gut growing to it, when it is stretched.

Also from the bending inward of the sword bone, when it is so confirmed, the stomach may be offended, when it is ful and stretched and hits against it. And it will be so, till the meat is digested, or the stomach fals off, by the patients lying upon his Back. This I have known in many.

The same may be from outward, hard and heavy things lying thereupon, not for guarding or keeping warm the stomach, but to make the body slender, which women much delight in, and therefore use busks and streight bodies. These offend the stomach, especially after meat, and they endure it patiently, for pride feels no pain.

Twitching and also tickling of the Stomach, * 1.273 causing straining and vomi∣ting, and turning of the stomach (as they call it) produce the pain that goes before. This is greater and longer in those that cannot vomit, or with much difficulty do it. This is caused by all things that provoke loathing and vomiting, and is in all diseases that have the turning of the Stomach. Also by worms rather moving then sucking the mouth of the stomach, which is very sensible.

A strong provocation doth more turn and offend it, * 1.274 as when vomits are given of Hellebore, Sribium, precipitat, which burn, knaw or prick the mouth of the stomack, or poyson taken, which offends both Stomack and Heart, and causeth both Cardialgia and Cardiaca.

Or sharp Food, as Onyons, Leeks, rotten Cheese, or burning food, as Water-cresses, Water-Parsley or the like, after the eating of which, they especially who have hot stomachs, feel burning and knawing. Also this pain may come from meat, which is not of it self sharp, but turneth so by corruption in some Stomacks which easily corrupt. as from sweet, fat and stinking meats, and moist; As Eggs, Milk, Cowcumbers, and other such fruits, these by corruption, do not cause a cold matter (as they suppose) but that which is sharp and cholerick. The badness also, and corruption of meats in hot stomacks especially, may cause the bov∣ling of the stomach, as when the hot-burning juyce of the meat boyleth, in time of concoction, if there be a violent motion at that time, which disturbeth the sto∣mach, and confuseth the meat therein, it sendeth forth a burning vapor like a flame, from the bubles that break. This vapor laboring to come forth by belching (as we have shewed in difficulty of belching) gets into the sensible streight passages of the mouth of the sto∣mach, and then burneth it, and when it is discussed the pain ceaseth, and when a new vapor ariseth (as we see in the boyling of Hasty pudding) the heat returns, and so long till the concoction is finished, or some drink is taken to quench it, or to allay the sharpness of the juyce from whence the vapors arise.

The stomach is often provoked also from Choller yellow or green, or from Melancholly, and if it stick fast it knaws and burns it.

This choller breeds in the stomach from things eaten, which have evil juyce, or breed choller, or is sent into it by the gut called Duodenum and causeth knawing and biting, especially when the stomach is empty, in those called Picrocholi, or men of a sharp cholerick con∣stitution. If this choller get into the substance of the sto∣mach, the burning will be longer. As it may from the gall touching it, for that part of the stomach that lyeth upon the gal and close unto it, may be dyed yellow thereby, so that the staine may reach to the inside of the stomach, as we have often observed in Anatomyes of such, who had alwaies burning stomacks. This is usual with them, who have much choller in their Gall, which being washed, passeth through the bag that holds it, and infects all the parts near, inwardly and out∣wardly, as I have often seen. And this is most in them, whose stomach is seldom empty, but alwaies gorged. Or in such who writing or the like bend their body, so that they violently press the stomach upon the gall,

and as it were squeeze it, at which time also the bur∣ning is greater.

Also the pian must needs be great and burning and dangerous, * 1.275 when there is an Erysipelas of pure choller, in the substance of the stomach. This is a sad disease with continual vomiting.

If the stomach be cut or prickt from swallowing of Thorns, Needles, or Grass, (as drunkards have often done) there is not only a knawing, but pricking and rearing pain.

The stomach is also pained from malignant and ve∣nemous humors, in other diseases, and there is also fainting.

The weak constitution of the sto∣mach called weakness of stomach, * 1.276 (which others call a distemper which weakneth, and causeth not pain) be∣cause it causeth slow concoction and crudity from thence, produceth di∣vers Symptoms, as lost Appetite, loathing, belching, Cachexy and the like, mentioned elsewhere, and pains by reason of Excrements that come thiether, and the Cardilaea, or Imbecillity of the stomach.

This weakness of stomach, is from want of natural heat, either at the first birth, or by old Age; or from long diseases, by which the stomach hath been often weakned, or from great Evacuations and Venery, which have weakned the whol body and the stomach also. Or from coldness and moistness, which makes the stomach loose, or from dryness, by which it cannot fitly embrace the Food; This distemper may come from external or external causes or diseases that change the temper of the stomach to be cold, moist or dry, which causeth imbe∣cility. Somtimes it comes from a fault in the Organ, or part it self. As when it is too thin from too much distention through gluttony or drunkness. For the thicker the stomach is, the better it concocteth (as we may see in birds, whose thick stomach concocteth the hardest things.

If the stomach be naturally hot, or by use of hot things in youth, * 1.277 sooner then they ought to use them, or made so by a disease, which hath shriveled it though it be not a disease of it self, if it be rightly ordered, yet it is a cause why some meats sooner corrupt, and turn into choller and sharp humors, and so by accident causeth a Cardialgia, which comes from such humors. This disposition of the stomach, is known chiefly by thirst and delight in sour things, and distast of sweet. So that hot, sharp and salt things and wine they leave, and digest the hardest meat soonest, and the other easily corrupteth.

In almost all diseases, * 1.278 with great pain the stomach suffereth by con∣sent of the Nerves, of which the mouth of the stomach is ful. Hence it is that in the colick and stone and other pains in parts distant, as of wounds and contu∣sions, we see not only the Appetite lost, but a pain in the stomach, so that if they receive a wound when the stomach is full, they vomit.

Also the stomach being of most exquisit sense, doth easily receive an injury, though never so smal, and is greatly offended at a great, by reason of the Nerves. So that there is often a Syncope or swounding, more∣over by reason of this consent of the Nerves, in great passions of the mind, there is a Head-ach from the stomach offended, and other hurts, as loss of Appetite and the like.

The pains of the Gut called Colon, which is at the bottom of the Stomach, * 1.279 and joyned unto it by the Caule, are re∣ferred unto Heart-pains also, because they are in the region or lodge of the Heart. As if the Colon be stretched by Wind and Excrements, it comes to pass that the pain seems as if it were in the stomach, yet it stops not long, but runs to the sides downwards. And in other pains of the Heart, we find that they go upwards, and are a∣bout the stomach; so that some pains of the Colon seem to be pains of the stomach: Hence it is that when they lye long a bed in the morning, and sleep not, be∣cause the Excrements which they use to void presently, when they arise being retained in the upper part of the Colon, not being able to go down while they are in bed, do pull and twich the Colon, and provoke the Stomach by consent, and there is Loathing and Heart∣pain, which ceaseth when they are up, and the Excre∣ments descend, especially if they break Wind down∣ward, or go to stool.

And hence it is that after a purging Medicine, when it begins to work, and the evil Excrements pass through the upper part of the Colon, till they have a stool, they feel a noise and Heart-ach often, so that they swound and vomit, and the pain returns when they again to stool. All these things shew that the Cause is not in the Stomach, but the Colon: For if it were in the stomach it would have begun at the first taking of the medicine, and while it was in the stomach, and not a go long time after, when the Medicine was carried with the Excre∣ments into the Colon, and laboured to get out.

When the Midriff is afflicted, which toucheth the stomach all over behind, * 1.280 and groweth to it; there are pains in the region of the Heart, because the Midriff being molested with evil and many vapors, as in the night-mare, mother and the like, it causeth besides short breathing, a pain which girts the Body like a Girdle: And if the stomach consent, that condoleth. As a difficulty of breathing comes from a Disturbance of the Stomach by the Midriff.

The Cure.

The Cure is according to the Causes thus. First we must cure the Diseases of the Stomach, from whence come divers sorts of Heart-ach, hurt of Functions, and Crudities. The Diseases are these; Inflammations of the Stomach, or coldness, or stretching, or windiness, or heaviness, twiching, or irritation; or else the weak∣ness and hot constitution thereof: Or a Discase by consent from the Nerves, and from the Colon and Midriff.

The Inflammation of the Stomach is seldom, * 1.281 and never but from a vio∣lent Cause, and is more dangerous, be∣cause it is in a sensible and noble part, especially if it be great, for then there is a great pain and also Convulsion. And it is better cured by dissolving then by Suppuration; for so it wil turn to an Ulcer, which is a new Disease, and as dan∣gerous as the former, hard to be cured, and which will leave a Callus or Hardness in the Stomach.

If it be beginning, your aim must be to hinder the increase, and abate the Heat, with respect to the Fever, and asswage the pain and fainting fits, which are usual and to dissolve the matter that is there, and if that can∣not be done to bring it to Suppuration, and cure the Ulcer; thus.

At the first let blood in the Arm, for though the veins of the Stomach come from the branches of the Gate∣vein, yet drawing blood from the branches of the hol∣low Vein, is good against the Feaver and for Revul∣sion.

Give also a cooling Clyster to revel and abate pain, for that will reach to the Colon, and communicate its force to the Stomach, under which the Colon lyeth.

You must not give strong Purges, for they going pre∣sently to the part affected, will cause pain, and increase the Distemper by their Heat; but loosning temperate Purges in the progress of the Disease can do no hurt: As Cassia which also asswageth pain, and pulp of Prunes, and Tamarinds, and the like.

Medicines to alter the Distemper must be cold, both actually and potentially, and in the beginning while the Humor floweth must be a little astringent, and af∣terwards moist, mixed with things that abate pain. Thus:

Those Sauces which are good in a hot constitution of the Stomach, and cooling, as we shall shew are good here.

Cabbage chiefly, and Rapes, and other Fruits, boy∣led and kept in pickle, are good against heat.

And cold Spring-water, with Snow or Ice, is good drink in the opinion of some; but I think it not safe, for a sudden Repercussion is dangerous. It is better at first with a little Vinegar, and more pleasant with Sugar boyled like a Julep.

Cold Milk is good, and allayes pain.

Or an Emulsion of the cold Seeds to ease pain, and heat with Poppey-seeds.

Dioscorides commends the Water of wild Vetches, al∣so Plantane, and Rose-water, and Vinegar, and Sor∣rel-water.

And the Julep of Roses and Violets.

Or, Take Rose-water three ounces, Plantane-water two ounces, juyce of Sorrel or Pomegranates an ounce and an half, Sugar of Roses an ounce; boyl and strain them, give two ounces at a time.

Or the Decoction of Barley, cold, with Violets.

Or thus: Take Barley a pugil, Cowcumber-seed half an ounce, Liquorish an ounce; boyl and drink them cold.

This is cordial also. Take Liquorish an ounce, Ci∣tron-peels two drams, cordial Flowers, each a pugil; Flowers of Water-lillies half a pugil, Barley a pugil, the four great cold Seeds two drams, Purslane-seed and white Poppey-seed, each a dram; Citron-seeds half a dram: boyl and sweeten them with Sugar, or these Syrups.

In the beginning give Syrups with spring or distilled Waters, those that cool and bind; as that of dryed Roses, Quinces, green Grapes, Ribes, sour Pomegra∣nates, Bar-berries. In the progress that cool and moi∣sten; as of Violets, Purslane, Water-lillies. And if the Liver be also hot, as it is commonly, and for the Feaver give Syrup of Succory, and Endive. And a∣gainst Fainting, Syrup of Bugloss. And to asswage pain, Syrup of Poppies.

Or thus: Take Syrup of Violets, and Quinces, Syrup of Ribes, or Pomegranates, or of Endive, each half an ounce; Syrup of Poppies three drams.

Also the candyed or preserved and conserved Fruits abovesaid and of Citrons, Gourds, or Lettice, or Cole∣worts.

This is cooling and cordial: Take conserve of Roses an ounce, conserve of Violets, Citrons and juyce of Ribes, each half an ounce; species Diamargariton frigid and Dia∣rhodon and red Coral, each a scruple; with sugar of Roses, make a mixture.

To resolve the residue of the Inflammation, or the Imposthume of the Stomach use these at the end.

First, give Chamomil and Endive water, then six ounces of Chamomil water alone, often

Or: Take Chamomil and Endive water, each an ounce and an half; Sack an ounce, spirit of Wine a dram, with a drop or two of spirit of Vitriol.

Or this Julep: Take syrup of Endive and Wormwood, each an ounce; Mint and Elicampane water, each an ounce and an half, with Triasantalon half a dram, give it now and then.

Turpentine washed with Wormwood water, given twice or thrice, dissolves or ripens the Imposthumes of the Stomach.

Apply outwardly coolers and anodynes, with streng∣theners.

As this Oyntment: Take Oyl of Roses an ounce and an half, Oyl of Violets, Rose Vinegar and juyce of Hawkeweed, each an ounce; boyl them till the juyces are consumed, add red Sanders, a dram, red Roses half a dram, Spike a scruple, Camphire half a scruple, with white Wax, make an Oyntment.

This Cataplasm is good for the beginning of the dis∣ease. Take Violet-leaves, and Snakeweed, and Vine-leaves each a handful: Roses, Violets, and Comfrey-flowers, each a pugil; stamp them, add Barley-meal, or Bran.

In great pain. Take Chamomil, and Melilot-flowers, Roses, and Violets, each a handful; Wormwood half a hand∣ful; boyl them in Milk, add Barley-meal six ounces, Co∣riander-seeds and Sanders, each two drams; Oyl of Chamo∣mil and Dill, each an ounce: make a Cataplasm.

Or this Fomentation against Inflammation. Take Rose and Plantane-water, each three ounces; Wormwood∣water two ounces, Rose-vinegar an ounce, red Sanders two drams.

Or this Epithem against an Erysipelas of the Sto∣mach. Take Rose, Sorrel, Nightshade, and Succory-water, each two ounces, Wormwood-water and white Wine, each half an ounce; Rose-vinegar two drams, Diarrhodon a dram, Coral and Ivory, each half a dram; apply it to the Sto∣mach.

Use these to dissolve the Imposthume, as this with a Spunge. Take Wormwood, Mints, and Snakeweed, each a handful; Chamomil and Dill-flowers, each a pugil; Fae∣nugreek and Bean-meal, each an ounce; Mastick two drams, Nutmeg a dram: boyl them in Wine for a Fomentati∣on.

Then anoint with this: Take Oyl of Wormwood and Chamomil, each an ounce and half; Turpentine half an ounce, Mucilage of Marsh-mallows and Foenugreek-seed, each two drams; Mastick a dram and half, Cloves a dram, with Wax make an Oyntment.

Or this Cataplasm. Take green Wormwood a hand∣ful, and Mints half a handful, stamp them, add Bran and Linseed-flowers, each an ounce; Roses and Chamomil-flo∣wers in pouder, each a dram; Mace half a dram, add Oyl of Wormwood.

Or use Melilot-plaster dissolved with Oyl of worm∣wood.

If the Inflammation do impost∣hume, * 1.282 ripen it with remedies in the Quinzie given at the mouth.

And with things there outward∣ly prescribed, only ad some things that may respect the Stomach, being a more noble part.

As this Cataplasm. Take Orris and Lilly-roots, each two ounces; Wormwood and Mallows, each a handful; Cha∣momil-flowers and Roses, each a pugil; boyl them in Wins and Water, stamp them, and add Wheat-flour four ounces, Lineseed poudered an ounce, yellow Sanders a dram, Saffron

half a dram, Oyl of sweet Almons two ounces: make a Ca∣taplasm.

Or use the Emplaister of Diachylon with Orris and Oyl of Mints.

To open the Impostume, use things mentioned in a Quinsie. Or this, Take Wheat flower four ounces, Pi∣geons dung half an ounce, Oyl of Wormwood an ounce, Ho∣ney an ounce, make a Plaster.

Also Roaring, Neesing, Coughing and rubbing of the Stomach and Vomit, will break the Impost∣hume.

If they vomit matter, give Barley water and Sugar to clense, with Honey of Roses.

Then strengthen the Stomach, as in imbecility. * 1.283

If coldness of stomach come from outward injuries or cold water drunk and produce Cardialgia, give and apply hot things actually and potentially so. And the pain will be abated.

Of which we shall speak in Imbecility of the sto∣mach from cold.

And also of that cold that comes from a humor; for Imbecility, is the cause of both.

But if the cold be so great that not only the stomach, but parts adjacent suffer, & a Dropsie or Cachexy follow (which comes by drinking much cold water, when they are very hot (we shall speak of the Cure of that, in the hurts of the bowels.

As the cause is, so must Distenti∣on, * 1.284 Aggravation or Inflammation of the Stomach be cured.

If it come from Wind, which proceeds from Meat, Humor or weak Concoction, it causeth a stretching pain: because there must be good dyet to hinder the bree∣ding of Wind and Evacuation, and hot remedies used to help con∣coction and discuss wind inwardly and outwardly, we shall speak of it in weakness of sto∣mach, from crude humors.

If the Stomach be stretched by Air, taken in with drink, except it be belched forth again, we shall Cure it, as in the Cure of wind.

If there be stretching and heaviness, from plenty of things eaten, and compression after Concoction and Digestion, by excercise it will away.

But if it be great and will not yeild by reason of the quantity or quality it must be vomited up or purged & the stomach strengthened. All which are used against those causes that weaken the stomach, and because there is also weakness, we shall speak of it in Imbeci∣lity of the stomach.

As also if this stretching or heaviness, comes from a crude humor, we shall speak of it there, because that is the cause of weakness, and this is the cause of that.

If it come from a hard Tumor, after a wound, or a Scirrhus, although it be difficult, and there will be al∣waies some heaviness after meat especially, and weak∣ness, let the Cure against weakness be sufficient: yet use Emollients, as soon as you suspect it, and consume it, if you can.

The best way is to give Turpentine pills with Gum Ammoniack and Mastick often.

Or these: Take Gum Ammoniack, dissolved in juyce of Orris, Mastick, each a dram; Storax, Myrrh, Lada∣num, each half a dram; with juyce of Orris, make pills, give half a dram often.

Or give a drop or two of Oyl of Myrrh or Mastick with Sugar, or otherwise.

And apply outwardly things mentioned in the hard∣ness of Liver and Spleen.

Or thus: Take Mallows or Wormwood, each a handful; Chamomil flowers a pugil, Schaenanth two drams, Figs twelve, boyl them in Wine, stamp them, and add Gum Ammo∣nick and Bdellium, dissolved in the Decoction, and Myrrh, of each two drams; with Honey, make a Cata∣plasm.

If the stomach be oppessed, by the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Colon, Midrife being stopt, stretched, swollen, hardned or inflamed, Cure it, as in these diseases, for the heaviness will not away, till they be removed, nor the difficulty of breathing, though they complain least of them.

If it come from the crookedness of the sword Gristle bent inwards and pressing the Stomach, it is incurable, and no rest can be, till the patient lye upon his Back, that the Stomach may remove from it: or till there is a compleat Concoction.

If it come from hard things, outwardly pressing, remove them, and if they have done any hurt, mend it.

If the twitching of the stomach cause loathing, rather then pain, * 1.285 Cure it, as in loathing. If worms cause tickling, expel them, and any other Disease that causeth it

If there be Irritation or rea∣ching with pain, knawing, * 1.286 prick∣ing or burning caused by things swallowed, that wound the Sto∣mach; first remove them, if pos∣sible, not by force, as vomiting (for so the stomach wil be closed and the things that hurt will stick faster) but by things that make way, and wash, and make them descend, that they may not hurt the entrals for they do not easily fix though sharp, but are cast down by the Stomach and Guts, as other hard things, and stop not, till they come at the straight passage of the Fundament. For we think it impossible (as some say) that they should pass through the Veins, by the Mese∣raick and Gut out at the skin. Yet we have observed, from a Famous Chirurgion, from whose mouth I had it, with great admiration of the hearers, that a Needle swallowed, which stayed long in the body, came out at the Reins, by the right Kidney in an Ulcer. And I my self saw and handled a piece of Glass, which came out by Urin, by a strong Diuretick, after a great and sharp pain in the Uriters and fit of the stone.

These are washed away with great draughts, of fat things especialy, which relax the passages, as of broath, Milk, Oyl or Butter, which done, if by the pain we suppose that a Needle or a thorn be fastned, then we prevent, or Cure an Inflammation, as we shewed in Inflammations. If by reason of great hurt they vo∣mite blood, we must stop it, as we shewed in vomting of Blood. If matter come forth, we must give clen∣sers, as was shewed in Ulcers of the Jaws and Gullet, and then dryers to heal, as was there also shewed. But this is hardly done in this noble part ulcerated, and if it be done it leaves a Callus, which causeth weakness. Here we shall shew how these two last are to be done.

Whether it be from things swallowed or Choller, or evil juyce, vomiting is good, and though it come of it self, yet nature is to be helped, if it be not sufficient tocast out the offence.

The Vomits must be such, which wash the stomach,

and make the vomiting easie. as warm water, Broaths or Drink plentifully taken; with Oyl, Butter or the like, which turn the stomach and allay sharpness; or with Honey and Sugar, which also clense. Also Bar∣ley water is good.

In a cholerick sharp juyce, give things to abate it, as water, or the like, with Vinegar, syrup of Sorrel or Oxymel, and other Vomits mentioned in Fea∣vers.

Also gentle Clysters to draw it out of the Stomach. And though the body be loose (as it needs must be by the provoking of the expulsive faculty) yet Cly∣sters are good to take away pain in the Stomach and Guts, for they can get into the Stomach by the Co∣lon.

Also Suppositories revel and do some thing thereby, examples of all these are in the Colick.

When there is choler, or sharp juyce, or any violent thing swallowed, whether Medicine, or Poyson, or o∣ther things that hurts the stomach, it is good to purge, because nature tends that way. And there are many purgers of choler mentioned in cholerick Feavers, good in this case, if they be so ordered that they may not trouble the stomach: thus.

Take Cassia ten drams, or Catholicon ten drams, or three drams of the Electuary of juyce of Roses, or the like, as Dia∣cydonites with Scammony alone, or with Sugar, or with Wormwood water, or of Endive, when you will temper choler; but when you will clense, with Barley or Pease broath. But when you will loosen more, with a De∣coction of Fruits and old Cocks broath. Rondeletius commends Fish broath, or Whey, or Possets: or if bit∣ter things will down, the Decoction of Wormwood, which is clensing, and is good against both choler and flegm.

Or give three ounces of syrup of Roses, or an ounce and an half of syrup of Roses with Rhubarb, or Senna, or that of suc∣cory with Rhubarh, or of Wormwood.

Or this Decoction: Take sweet Prunes and Tama∣rinds, each half an ounce; Endive a handful, Violets a pugil, Barley a pugil, senna half an ounce, Polypody six drams. Epithymum two drams, Annis seed a dram, boyl them, with sugar, syrup of Violets, or Roses: make a Poti∣on.

Or this infusion: Take Rhubarb four scruples, Senna two drams, Wormwood a dram, Spike half a scruple, bruise and sprinkle them with white wine, and add Endive and wormwood water, infuse them, and add syrup of Roses an ounce, give it. You may mix with it the Laxative afore mentioned.

Another infusion in wine of wormwood, better for the stomach: Take Senna an ounce, Rhubarb a dram and an half, yellow Myrobalans three drams, wormwood two drams, Cordial flowers a dram, Spike a scruple, Fennel seed a dram, steep them, (being bruised) in white wine that is smal, twenty four hours. Give every day a draught.

Pills for the same: Take Aloes (which is good to clense both choler and flegm) a scruple, Rhubarb half a dram, Spike three grains, Scammony two or three grains, with juyce or syrup of Roses: make a Dose of Pills.

Or give a dram of Pills of Rhubarb, or scammoniate Pills, if need require.

If the stomach be provoked by a bad Medicine, or poyson, or burne, or be corroded; give things to alter by moistures to abate the force, or by slyminess to de∣fend the stomach, and that will heal, and resist Poy∣son.

As warm Milk, or Cream of Almonds, or Pinenuts, or of Cold seeds, or Barley Cream.

Or the milky juyce of Goats beard, Hawkweed, Sowthistle, Sycomore, in Corrosions are good.

Or the Mucilage of Lineseed, Fleabane, apples Pears or Quinces.

The Decoction also of Lineseed heals the Stomach, when it is corroded by taking of Spanish Flyes.

Or: Take Marsh-mallow roots an ounce, Comfrey roots half an ounce, Line and Quinceseed, each a dram; boyl them in Water, and add Sugar, drink often there∣of.

Or oyl of sweet Almonds, in a good quantity, or the oyl of Sesamum, commended by Dioscorides.

If the stomach be poysoned, give Treacle and Mi∣thridate and the like, which are proper to take away the cause and the pain. But after a violent purge, they do more by stupifying the expulsive faculty, then by the way of Antidote.

You may also give Antidotes, without Opium, which are contrary to poyson, by a peculiar quali∣ty, or general Antidotes; such as are prescribed against the Plague, and biting, and stinging of venemous beasts.

If the stomach be burnt and reacheth from choller or sharp juyce, give things that moisten, and are sharp and cool, and will hinder the reaching, and also such as take the sensibility away, and asswage the pain.

As sour Fruits take away the burning of the stomach, Citrons, Limons, Orenges, Pomegranats, Apples; Plums, Cherries, Grapes, and Strawberries, and chiefly Currans and Berberries.

Also Lettice, Endive, Violets, Borrage, Sorrel, wood-Sorrel, Vine leaves and Berberry leaves in sallets, or otherwwise.

Dioscorides commends simples against the burning of the stomach and some of them are hot, as scordium, Pennyroyal, spicknard, smallage, flowers of Comfrey, sweet rush, Piony seeds, and wild Laurel, and juyce of Liquorish.

Also Flesh, or Barley broath, with cooling and moistning herbs, and Vinegar, or other sour juyces, or the Decoction of Wormwood, or the juyce of the Fruits aforesaid, or sharp Herbs alone, or with sugar, or syrups, if they be two sharp.

In a cholerick stomach, wormwood wine doth quick∣ly help, by clensing flegm and Choler.

Or a sharp syrup alone, or with waters, or Decocti∣ons, as of sorrel, or Vineger, or Oxysacharum, or of Pomegranate juyce, or of the syrup of them, or of Ap∣ples, Plums, Limons, Citrons, unripe Grapes, of Cur∣rans, Berberies, sorrel, or that of juyce of Quinces boy∣led, or quidiney of Quinces with wine, or Vinegar to make it sharper. And so you may mix other syrups, that are too sweet, to beat down and suppress choler, which two sweet things will breed. Also syrup of Violets, Roses, or Juleps thereof, also of Endive, suc∣cory and Water-lillies, and the like, well mixt with waters, or Decoctions, for so they suppress choler not only by cooling, but wetting, especially if they be sharp, to all which, add syrup of wormwood to clense choler.

Also Conserves and Candites of the same Fruits and Herbs are good, (but alwaies be ware of sweet, they will heat choler) and Conserve of quinces, Citrons, Gourds, Lettice, Colewort.

Also juyce of sharp fruits without sugar, as the an∣cients did, or with Vinegar, usually they are without sugar, as of Currans, Berberries, unripe Grapes, or these.

Make Electuaries of these mixed, as that called

Diacydonites of Quinces without the Spices, which is made of the Pulp of Quinces, boyled with Honey and Pouder of Diacydonites.

Or thus: Take Conserve of Roses and Sorrel, and Citron∣peels, each half an ounce; Conserve of Currance an ounce, of Myrobalans candied one, the pouder of our Diacydonites, or Trionsantalon, or Diarrhodon a dram, with syrup of Sorrel or unripe Grapes make an Electuary.

And this: Take Citron-peels, candied Quinces, and conserve of Quinces, each two dramss juyce of Currance with∣out Sugar, all well dryed half an ounce, the Pouder of our Diacydonites (which I shall after shew) Cinnamon, each a dram; with Rose-water and boyled Sugar make Lozen∣ges.

Or give Crumbs of Bread steept in Juyce of Pome∣granates, Lemmons, or the like, with Vinegar and Rose-water, to make it pleasant.

Or Barley-meal, with Capon-broath, and Juyce of Pomegranates, which is Hippocrates his remedy against the heat and reaching of the stomach.

Or Pine-nuts eaten, and Juyce of Purslane drunk af∣ter, are good against burning of the stomach.

The usual Pouders for Choler in the Stomach are Diatrionsantalon, which hath no other spice but cold seeds, Roses, Gums, Starch, Juyce of Liquorish, burnt Ivory, and Camphyre, and Rhubarb. Also Diarrho∣don Abbatis which hath all the former Ingredients, and other cold, and Mastich, and some spices of hot Seeds and Cordials.

The Pouder of Diacydonites without the hot Spices is added to this Electuary, when we will only cool, and is used after Meat, and Trionsantalon, Barbary, and Sorrel-seeds, Roses, and burnt Ivory.

Instead of which; Take dryed Quinces half an ounce, all the Sanders, each a dram; red Roses two drams, Sorrel and Barberry-seeds, each a dram; the Antispodium of Dios∣corides made of Quinces half a dram, make a Pouder, mix them with Pouders after Meat, or Electuaries.

Also the Pouders of the Troches of burnt Ivory, Camphyre, Bar-berries, allay the heat of Choler (they all have burnt Ivory) and Antispodium of Quinces al∣so.

Instead of all these Pouders for hot Stomaches, use this. Take dryed Quinces half an ounce, Citron-peels a dram, red Sanders two drams, white Sanders a dram, Liquo∣rish two drams, red Roses two drams and half, cordial-flowers a dram, great cold Seeds two drams, small cold Seeds half a dram, Sorrel, Purslane, Barbery, Coriander-seeds, each a dram; white Poppy-seeds, Gum Traganth, and Arabick, each half a dram; Coral a dram, Antispodium made of Ivo∣ry, or Harts-horn half a dram, and to please the Stomach Cinnamon and Aniseseed, each a dram; sweet Sanders half a dram, with Mastick make a Pouder: Give it with Sugar of Roses, or in Lozenges made with Sugar and the Waters mentioned, and a little juyce of a Lemmon or Vinegar.

A bitter Pouder easie to be made against Choler in the Stomach. Take Wormwood a dram, tops of Centau∣ry, and Masterwort-roots, each half a dram; give a spoon∣ful with Wine.

A Pouder against Burning of the Stomach. Take white Chalk half an ounce, Nutmeg a dram, Sugar an ounce: Give a spoonful.

Or this: Take Crabs-eyes two drams, Bole half a dram, red Roses a dram, Sugar of Roses half an ounce: Use it as the other.

In great Pains give things to abate Sense, as Anti∣dotes to be mentioned in Imbecillity, which are good here if new made, though they have many hot things, and opiate Electuaries; as Philonium Romanum two scruples, in Pills or Electuaries of Juyce of Roses to purge Choler, or requires Nicolai half a dram, with Wine.

Or this Drink: Take Syrup of Poppies six drams, Sy∣rup of Roses and Wormwood, each an ounce; give it with convenient Water or Wine.

If you leave out the Syrup of Poppies, and boyl in the other a grain of Opium gently, and give it with Chicken-broath, it is excellent.

In time of danger, give Narcoticks and that often, I have often with good success given my Nepenthe in a cholerick Vomiting from anger, when there hath been great pain and heat of the Body.

Outwardly of what cause soever in heat or corrupti∣on, we use Astringents and Coolers, as to keep the flux of Choler from the Liver, adding alwayes some hot things proper for the Stomach, because outwardly they cannot do hurt, but strengthen, and cause piercing: they must all be used warm.

The usually cold Oyls of Roses and Omphacine, that is of unripe Olives, Quinces, Myrtles, Mastich, with hot; as of Mints and Spike, are used with Vi∣negar to make them pierce, or Wine to strengthen, boyled in them till they be consumed.

A cooling strengthning Oyntment. Take Oyl of Roses and Quinces, each an ounce; Oyl of Myrtles, or Ma∣stick, Wormwood, or Mints, each half an ounce; Vinegar of Roses six drams, boyl them till the Vinegar be consu∣med, add when they cool Pouder of Citron-peels, Corian∣der-seeds, red Roses, Wormwood, each half a dram; Coral a dram, Sanders red and white, each half a dram; Spike two scruples, Camphyre a scruple (to pierce rather then cool) with Wax make a Liniment, or with Labdanum two drams, Aloes a dram, and Turpentine make a Plaister.

Galens cold Oyntment of Roses, and the Cerot of Sanders, are good in Burning of the Stomach, and of other Bowels.

In a great Heat when you will cool more; Take Oyl of Roses omphacine two ounces, juyce of Sowthistle, Solo∣mons-seal, Vinegar, each half an ounce; Pouder of Alaba∣ster half an ounce, with Turpentiine wash'd make an Oynt∣ment.

Or use the Oyntment in the Inflammation of the Stomach mentioned.

Or a Cataplasm of Purslane, Nightshade, Solomons∣seal, Vine, Sowthistle, Harts-tongue, Venus-navel, Water-lillies, wild Vine, Roses, with Wormwood, and Mints, or Chamomil-slowers in pain, boyled in water, or Rose-water, or Horstongue-water, well beaten to a Pultis, with the Oyls aforesaid two ounces, Mastick half an ounce, Alabaster three drams, Horstongue poudered two drams, Sanders and Cloves, each a dram; make a Pultis.

If the pain be great, use an anodyne Cataplasm men∣tioned in the Inflammation of the Stomach.

Or this: Take Toasts of Bread dipt in Vinegar of Roses half a pint, Pulp of Quinces so steeped also three ounces, add a little red Wine, and juyce of Quinces, and pouder of Ma∣stick half an ounce, dryed Wormwood two drams, Chamomil∣flowers and Mace, each a dram; Oyl of Roses and Chamo∣mil, each an ounce; mix and apply them.

Or the Fomentation mentioned in Inflammation, or of the Herbs mentioned, or of the Oyls, with Vinegar, and Juyces of Herbs.

If there be pain: Take Roses, wild Vine, Chamomil, Melilot or Dill, each a pugil; Wormwood or Mints, each half a handful; Marsh-mallow roots six drams, Coriander∣seeds and Myrtles, each half an ounce; Mastick two ounces, Cloves, Sanders, each a dram; with Water and red Wine make a Fomentation.

Or use an Epithem of Rose-water and Vinegar, with a Linnen-clout, or a toast of Bread.

Or, Take Rose-water two ounces, Harts-tongue, and Wormwood-water, each an ounce; all Sanders, or Diatrion∣santalon two drams, Coriander-seeds, Antispodium, each a dram; mix and apply them. Or use that mentioned in Inflammation.

A Pouder for a bag, or to be sprinkled after anointing in Burning of the Stomach. Take Coriander-seeds pre∣pared in Vinegar half an ounce, Myrtles, or Barbery-seeds, red Roses, Sanders and Citron-peels, each a dram and half; Wormwood, red Coral, each a dram; Sanders and Nutmeg, each half a dram; make a pouder.

If Choler rise from the Liver to the Stomach, apply Cupping-glasses to the Liver to draw it back, and it will ease.

Weak Constitution of the Sto∣mach that hinders the Functions, * 1.287 and causeth Excrements, and so Cardilaea or usual pain; If it come from want of Natural heat by birth or age, or by a Disease, and be inhaerent in the Stomach, be∣cause it cannot be cured, we must provide that by decent Diet and Stomach-medicines, that bind gently and strengthen it, and heat, that it may be streng∣thened, and the want of Natural heat supplyed. If this Weakness come from a cold or moist Distemper, and be fixed, it is difficult to be cured as the other (called the Coldness of the Stomach) and we must only keep it from growing worse as the former, and with hotter Medicines. The cold and moist Distemper that is ac∣quired, is taken away with hot Medicines after the Ex∣crements are removed. But when the Stomach is too loose and thin, though it can scarce be mended, yet by use of Astringents and hot Remedies in cold and moist Bodies, or of temperate in other Bodies, we must labor to bring it to its former state. If it be too strait and dry, we use Moistners to loosen it.

The Method of curing of which, and other Diseases of the Stomach, as Coldness, or Stretching, or Humor crude or cold; or Inflation from Wind, is as was for∣merly shewed. Except the dry Distemper of which we shall speak in the Cure of Weakness, because it re∣quires contrary Remedies. And the Medicines must be fitted divers waves, either by Diet, Vomits, Bel∣chings, Clysters, Purges, Alterers, inwardly and out∣wardly as shall be shewed.

First in these Diseases of the Sto∣mach keep a good Diet, * 1.288 because Meats goes directly into it, and must be digested by it, and we must have a care that it fail not therein, from whence most Diseases of the Stomach come, or are increased. This is done by a decent quantity and quality of Food.

In a weak Stomach, these are to be chiefly observed in the quantity, that they eat little at once, taking heed that they be not so filled to feel weight, or compression after Meat; and that they breath not shorter then a∣fore Meat. In the manner, take heed of eating too greedily, but a little at a time, that the Stomach may cover it, not continuing so long at it till concoction be begun, which will be offended by adding more Meat. To refresh them therefore that have weak Natural heat, because they must eat little at a time, let them eat oftner then they that have strong Stomaches. They who have very cold and foul Stomaches, must eat most seldom, and not before the first Food is concocted, and they have an Appetite; therefore one Meal a day is sufficient for a foul stomach. And they whose stomach is pained for abundance of Food, must abstain till it is digested. And in a sit time as in the morning, five or six hours after sleep, and if they can eat twice or thrice a day, three hours afore sleep at night, after a Digestion and when there is an Appetite. And before they sleep after Supper, let there be a kind of Concoction, that the Vapors which arise at the first plentifully, may be partly discussed by waking, and may not go too much to fill the Head, by sleeping presently. This rule is not so strictly to be observed by old and weak persons, that sleep not the whole night, but they may sleep pre∣sently after Meat at noon and night, as they desire, which refresheth them, and doth not hurt them, because the Vapors are not so many as in Youth, wherein more is eaten.

For the quality of Meats observe the substance and the Juyce. Let it be easie of Digestion, least while it is long a concocting, the stomach be grieved, or if it be not, or not sufficiently concocted, there be Crudities and Wind. As the Flesh of young Creatures, or slen∣der, soft, and juycie Food which is easily concocted, when hard, dry, and tough, or slimy is hard, except it be artificially prepared, by roasting, boyling, mincing, and other wayes.: By which means somtimes good Meat is spoiled, as by smoaking, salting. Also it must be of good Juyce, that weak stomaches may be better, and sooner refreshed thereby, and fewer Excrements bred, which is required in all weak stomachs. This commendible Juyce is in all Nourishment from Beasts or Plants that are true, and have not a Medicinal vertue (which is distinguished by tast or scent) except by mustiness, rottenness, and the like, they be corrupted, or made so that they presently corrupt in the stomach, or breed Excrements or Wind by their moist and crude Juyce, which they have besides the good, or otherwise are hard of Concoction, by reason of their tough sub∣stance. Meats that are easie of Concoction and of good Juyce, must have these qualities, and it would be too tedious to mention all. The Meat for Nourish∣ment must be temperate, a little inclining to Heat in cold and windy Stomachs; as it may be made by sau∣ces, which we use for medicine as well as for custom.

As for other things, namely the Motion of the Body and the Mind, Exercise is good afore meat for a weak stomach, and if it be much, and can be endured, it stirs up the Natural heat, and warms the Body, and makes it fit for other Functions, and gets a stomach. After Meat use not strong Exercise to disturb the meat in the stomach but walking or standing, that the meat may go to the bottom of the stomach, and be better concocted. Also moderate rest refresheth and helps the Stomachs actions. And it is better after meat then great Exer∣cise, which may cause corruption or hinder Concocti∣on. Rest by sleep may help Concoction by accident (not by the sleep but by the quietness of the Body and Mind) because we see that when the Animal Functi∣ons are quiet, the Natural are most exercised. For the Concentraction or meeting of Heat in the Center which they say doth concoct in the time of sleep, can∣not be true, because Heat comes outward more in that time, therefore they sooner sweat, and therefore if sleep help Concoction, it is from some other Cause, for in the time of waking, by reason of motion, as we shewed the Concoction and Distribution of Meat is sooner made. And if waking they find Crudities, it is from intemperance and eating of what is not fit, which hin∣dereth sleep. Also there must be a Natural voiding daily of the Excrements to ease the Stomach from them, but too much Evacuation, especially by Venery, as it weakens the whole Body, so it doth the Stomach, and troubles of Mind, but recreation is good.

Vomiting is good in all fulness of the stomach, * 1.289 for if it be pained by stretching it is presently eased thereby, if it can be which is hard, when it is much dilated, when breath is difficult. Especially vomiting is good, when there is heaviness from crude flegmack humors; And from weakness, in which it is good every month; otherwise, if there be no Excre∣ments, it will do hurt, especially if they be unfit, or unacustomed to it. And in wind, when there is no other Humor, vomiting is not to be used rash∣ly.

It is caused by tickling the Throat and rubbing the Stomach, or by gentle vomits, or such as clense and cure, if there be flegm that is tough. As Oxymels or syrup of Sorrel, with warm water, or Decoction of Radishes, Beets, Arach seeds, Asarum, and Agarick, or stilled water of Nuts and Radishes. In weakness we add hot and bitter things, and that Cut, As worm∣wood Wine before, or Syrup thereof with waters, or Decoctions mentioned.

In all these Causes, belching is good, to take off the swelling and the Cause, if nothing but wind.

It comes of it self after meat, by bending, we may willingly hold, but not send out a bulch. For they which make such a noise like belching, do not break wind forth, but Air, that they first suckt in, and which they send from the Gullet, not the stomach.

And it is Caused by Fomentations and hot things actually and potentially, so as follow.

Clysters do well, when the Stomach is burdned with Meat or Humors, or stretcht with wind to stir up na∣ture and open the lower parts and empty the Guts. And in weakness of the stomach, if the belly be bound, they may be somtimes given, especially if they work but little and are not Compounded. Of strong things, which are forbidden in weakness of the Sto∣mach.

But we may use sharp Clysters to draw down, and such to expell wind, if it come from them, such as shall be prescribed in the colick.

If the stomach be desturbed by crude humors, or flegm, or wind from them, or from weakness, it is good to purge often, but with gentle things, that we offend not the stomach. Yet in necessity, we use strong purges, with correctors for such things as offend the stomach; and strengthenres. The forms whereof, we shall mention in relation only to those diseases of the stomach, which we have declared. Because there are purgers in general for the stomach, in other diseases mentioned here and there.

Pills are thought best for the stomach, by reason of the Aloes that is in them, which is thought the best purger for the stomach (though it stinketh and causeth loathing) and by reason of its bitterness and unplea∣santness, can be very ill taken. This Aloes is a thick juyce, as it is brought to us, and the redder it is, the better it is, that is, if it be of a redlike yellow, and it is called Aloes Cuccotrine, or rather Succocitrine, from its Citron color. And when it is hollowed with∣in like a Liver and Brittle, it is called Aloes Hepatica. But it may be made better by praeparation, when it is poudered and washt from its filth, by which means it is never the less operative in purging (though it be commonly thought otherwise) But it is stronger when it is poudered and infused in convenient liquor, and dissolved by steeping, and then juyce that swims at the top poured of from the residents, often, and then brought into a Body: If this liquor be Wine or spirit thereof, or other spiced Drink or Decoction, it will warm and strengthen the stomach the more: and if it be done in wormwood Wine, the cleansing and losning vertue will be the greater.

I am very much pleased with Aloe rosate with Rhu∣barb, thus made: Take the purest succotrine Aloes three ounces, washt it nine times in the juyce of Damask Roses, and dry it as often, then add the pouder of red Roses three drams, Rhubarb a dram, and of the extract of Rhubarb half an ounce, Spicknard a scruple, with syrup of Worm∣wood: make a mass for Pills,

Also the essence of Aloes is thus make: Take Aloes succotrine three pound or sour, pouder it, and put it into a glass, with Sorrel water five fingers above it, put it in Balneo two or three daies, then pour off the Tincture, which is reddish, and add again Sorrel water, but not so much, and put it in Balneo again, and pour of the tin∣cture, do this till the water will take no more tincture, still all these tinctures in Balneo, till there remain in the bottom a matter like Honey, shining and reddish, let this be mixed by degrees with juyce of Roses and dry∣ed so often, till three pints of the juyce be consumed. Keep this essence.

Of this preperation, we give a dram or half a dram, as often as we please, when we will gently loosen, and not hurt, but help the concoction.

With other juyces, they are made stronger and better for the stomach. Let Aloes be finely poudered and sprinkled with juyce of Roses and dryed, and then pou∣dered again, and so thrice ordered, it will less heat, this is called Aloes rosata.

If it be done with juyce of Wormwood, it is better for the stomach, instead of which you may use thick juyce of wormwood, which they call the extract with the Aloes.

You may add other alterers to Aloes, to make it work to your purpose: as when we will heat the sto∣mach, spices: when we will strengthen, Mastick, Ro∣ses, Spike? when we will clense more, Asarum and Myrrh: when we will concoct, Saffron and the like: as in the Pills of Hiera simple and Alephanginae called Aromatical, from the plenty of Aloes; which we use chiefly in a loose and weak stomach, and are called sto∣mach Pills, and the Pills called Asajereth, which have Myrobalans in them.

And we may add to it other purgers, when the sto∣mach is very foul, but they must not be enemies to the stomach. Thus are the Pills to be taken before meat made, with Rhubarb and Aloes, called Aggregative the lesser of Mesue, and Pills of Rhubarb and Agrimony proper for the Liver, or those of Mastich, made with Agarick, or those mixed of both called de Tribus and imperial, which have Senna; or those which have Turbith called the Stomach pills of Turbith. These Pills are used divers waies, by themselves or mix∣ed.

These we sharpen with stronger, when we will have them work more, and rather with those that have Scammony, then that which is more offensive to the Stomach.

In immitation of all which we may make new sto∣mach Pills thus, only to purge the Stomach from Ex∣crements, with Correcters, which help them, rather then alterers, which may be given better without pur∣ging.

In a cold Cause, the most gentle, are these: Take Aloes prepared or extracted, with Wine Simple or Com∣pound, as we shewed, half an ounce, Cloves, Nutmeg or Mace, each half a dram; Pepper, or Ginger a scruple, if the Head-ake not, else half a scruple, with syrup of Mints: make Pills, give a dram two hours afore Supper.

That they may work in half a dram, make them thus with Oyls: Take Aloes prepared, as was said, half an ounce, half a dram of Oyl of Nutmegs, by expression, of the distilled Oyls of Marjoram, Mints or Cinnamon, each three or four drops, with syrup, make Pills.

Or thus, to purge and strengthen: Take Aloes pre∣pared with Wormwood juyce half an ounce, Mastick, Ga∣langal, each half a dram; red Roses, Spike, each a scruple; with syrup of Wormwood, make Pills.

When we will Purge more: Take Aloes prepared with juyce of Roses half an ounce, Myrrh, Asarum, of each half a dram; Ginger a scruple, with Honey of Roses, make a Ma••s.

These are more purging; Take Aloes prepared half an ounce, Rhubarb and yellow Myrobalans poudered and sprink∣led with Wine, each a dram; Mastick half a dram, Cloves, Spike, each a scruple; with the juyce of Wormwood: make Pills, give a dram or more.

They are yet stronger, thus: Take choise or prepared Aloes half an ounce, Rhubarb and Agarick, each a dram; Myrobalons, Chebs and Indian prepared, as abovesaid, each half a dram; Ginger and Cardamoms, each a scruple; Spike half a scruple, with syrup of Roses, make Pills.

They will Purge more yet, if to any of the former receits, vou add half a dram of Scammony prepared with juyce of Quinces, or otherwise that it may not hurt the stomach, or two drams of Turbith rectified.

When we will purge the stomach, a Physick wine is convenient, because the Wine makes the Medicines pleasant, which are generaly unsavory, and if Worm∣wood be added, it will purge Choler and Flegm the better and take away the scent, and the stomach, will be less troubled, because wine is a strengthener: Espe∣cially if we will purge strongly, Wine is better then Pills, in which we can not put gentle things, by reason of the smal quantity.

In cold humors and wind, thus we purge, Take Agarick or Mechoacan two or three drams, Senna six drams, dryed wormwood three drams, Marjoram two drams, Mints a dram, Fennel seed a dram and an half, Ginger a dram, bruise and infuse them in three pints of Sack, for three draughts.

In a loose and weak stomach, that is flegmatick, thus: Take Rhubarb two drams, Myrobalans, Citron and Chebs, each a dram and an half; Senna an ounce, dryed Ci∣tron peels three drams, Galangal two drams, wormwood three drams, red Roses a pugil, Mastick two drams, Spike half a dram, beat and infuse them as former∣ly.

When you will clense and purge more: Take Senna an ounce and half, Turbith two drams, Agarick three drams, Rhubarb two drams, Tartar an ounce, Asaram a dram, wormwood half an ounce, Marjoram two drams, Mints a dram, Galangal and Calamus, each a dram and an half; Fennel seed two drams, Ginger a dram, Spike half a dram, bruise them for four pints of Wine for four Doses.

Of Electuaries that called Hiera of Galen, made only of Aloes that purgeth, and called Picra, because of its bit∣terness, is chiefest, but ill to be taken: because they must take an ounce to move the Belly, but Rhasis prepares it without Saffron.

It may be thus made pleasanter: Take wormwood a handful, red Roses a pugil, Schaenanth three drams, Cubebs, Carpobalsom, each two drams; Fennel seed and Siler moun∣taine, each a dram; infuse them in a quart of wine and water: boyl them a little, and strain them, then add Honey or sugar a pound, boyl and scum it, til be like a Syrup; then add six ounces, of fine Aloes, Mastick two drams, Cinnamon half an ounce, Asarum roots two drams, Spike a dram, Saffron half a dram, make an Electuary: you may give half an ounce, somtimes more and som∣times less. And if you add two or three ounces of Senna, to the infusion, it will purge more.

If there be obstructions, make it thus: Take Liquo∣rish an ounce, Fumitory, Harts-tongue or Ceterach, each a handful; Agrimony half a handful, Cordial stowers a pugil, Raysons four ounces, Polypody an ounce, Senna six drams, boyl them in Fennel and Annis seed water, and add to the straining Aloes five ounces, strain and boyl them to an Electuary, and add Mastick a dram, Frankincense a dram and an half, or two or three ounces of senna, to make it purge better.

Or if you add Hiera Galeni, whose correcter is Aga∣rick or Rhubarb corrected by Spike, it will be nimbler and work in a less quantity, which is very acceptable, and the better with Scamony prepared. It is not good for the stomach, to give Coloquintida.

There are other purging Electuaries, not so bitter, stronger or weaker, here and there mentioned, that less hurt the Stomach, as the Lenitive Electuary, Diaca∣tholicon, Diaphaenicon, of the juyce of Roses, and the like.

Diaspoliticum described by Galen, is an Electuary, made of Salt peter, to purge the stomach from flegm and wind and to clense.

A pleasant and powerful Conserve, is thus made: Take Agarick half an ounce, Rhubarb an ounce and an half, Senna four ounces, Cinnamon half an ounce, Ginger a dram, infuse them in four pints of wine and a pint of juyce of Quinces, boyl them a little, then strain them adding pulp of Quinces and Sugar, each a quarter of a pound, boyl them to an Electuary, give two or three drams, if you will have it stronger, that a less quantity may serve, add the extract of Scammony, which will not hurt the Sto∣mach.

A good Pouder to purge the Stomach, though bit∣ter: Take Agarick and Rhubarb, each a dram and an half; Turbith four scruples, Tartar a dram, Ginger half a dram, Spike a scruple, Gentian, Zedoary, each half a dram; wormwood a dram and an half, tops of Centaury and Fennel seed, each a dram; make a Pouder, give two dragms with wine and a little Aloes, if the Patient will endure the bitterness. If it be quickned with Diagredium, it will work better and in a less quantity.

You may with Sugar dissolved in Wormwood, or Mints, or Cinnamon-water make Lozenges for the same.

A Stomach purging Potion. Take Rhubarb four scru∣ples, Spike a scruple, infuse them in Wine, strain and add syrup of Roses, with the Infusion of Senna an ounce, syrup of Wormwood half an ounce, give it.

Or this Decoction: Take Galangal half an ounce, A∣sarum roots a dram, Wormwood two drams, Mints a dram, Senna half an ounce, Fennel-seed a dram; boyl and infuse Rhubarb and Agarick as before.

There are other Purges for the Stomach, here and there mentioned in other Diseases.

All remedies given to the Stomach must be accepted of it by propriety and strengthen it, * 1.290 and be hot more or less, according to the diversity of the Cause, and fitted against the Weakness of it through want of Natural heat, or its cold Distemper, or against its Refrigeration, or for the preparation of Humors, altering or expelling of Wind: And as the Stomach is moister or looser, they must astringe more or less, and if the pain be great, abate it. This is done divers wayes.

Among Drinks, sweet Wine and old, as Muscadel.

Sack, Malmsey, either at meat or otherwise, when it is cold, if it be drunk warm.

Also they are good when they are spiced.

Or made of Herbs, by infusing or a little boyling, as that of Wormwood is most usual, but unpleasant to some. It must be made of such quantity as may give it bitterness and good scent; it is good in all Diseases of the Stomach from Repletion.

And Mints and Marjoram make it pleasanter.

Or thus make it: Take Roots of Masterwort, Galan∣gal, Zedoary, each three drams; dryed Citron-peels and Wormwood, each half an ounce; Mints, Marjoram, Cori∣ander-seed, each two drams; Cloves, Nutmeg, each a dram and half; Mastick two drams, Wine four pints, steep them if there must be greater Cleansing, as in a foul stomach and Obstructions, add tops of Centaury a dram and half. If they hate bitter things, leave out the Wormwood and the Centaury.

For a windy stomach give Fennel, or Anise-seed, Wine and the like.

Or this: Take the barke of Fennel-roots, and Roots of Calamus, each half an ounce; Mints, Marjoram, Spondi∣lium, each a handful; Fennel, Caraway, and Seseli-seed, each two drams; Juniper and Bay-berries, each an ounce; infuse them in Wine, add a dram of Cummin-seed, if the scent be not disliked, if they love bitter, ad Wormwood.

Dioscorides teacheth that Melilot boyled, or infused in Wine, is good against pains of the stomach.

Also Wine is made of Infusion of Spices for the sto∣mach, which may be sweetned and strained.

To make Hippocras sweetned. Take Cinnamon an ounce, Sugar a pound, wine four or five or more or less pints, as you will have it more or less sweet, add Pepper, Gin∣ger and Cardamoms, each half a dram.

The Wine of Mountpelior called Pimentum, is thus sweetned. Take Cinnamon six drams or more, Ginger five drams, Pepper two drams, Cardamoms the great, Cloves, Nut∣megs, each a dram; Honey five pints, Wine ten pints, steep and strain them.

A Claret artificial for the stomach. Take Cinnamon an ounce and half, Ginger half an ounce, both Cardamoms, round and long Pepper, each a dram; Nutmegs, Mace, Ga∣langal, Cloves, each a dram and half; Spike, Schaenanth, each half a dram; Honey, or Sugar, or both a pound and half, Wine five quarts.

A spoonful or two of the Infusion of Spirit of Wine, is good. As, Take Cinnamon an ounce, spirit of Wine a pint, Sugar four ounces, set it in the Sun, and add Rose∣water.

Or thus: Take Cinnamon an ounce, Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, each three drams; infuse them in a pint of spirit of Wine, add a spoonful or two of this to, Wine and Sugar, and it will be excellent against the Wind of the Stomach.

Another against Pains of the Stomach. Take Nut∣megs two drams, of Wine two ounces, with Honey of Roses sweeten it: If it must be presently used, boyl it a little, give two or three spoonfuls: some boyl this till the spirit of Wine is gone, and make a Mixture.

Or infuse Wormwood in Aqua vitae, and mix some drops with Wine.

Or other Stomach-herbs.

Dioscorides teacheth that the Broath of an old Cock expels Wind.

Or make Broath with Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, Nut∣meg, Mace, or the like, with a little Saffron.

Some boyle the stones of Bay-berries in Broath, to make it pleasant, and strong to expel Wind.

Or Herbs, as Marjoram, and other Pot-herbs, as Mints, Hysop, Savory-Broath; with Wormwood, is commended if it be not distastful.

If the scent may be endured, it is also excellent to boyl Chamomil and Melilot-flowers in Chicken∣broath.

In a weak and windy Stomach: Take Caraway-seed a dram, whole Pepper ten grains, boyl them in Broath, with a scruple of Mastick.

The only Decoction of Mastick strengthens the sto∣mach.

Syrups to prepare afore Purging, when we will cut. Take syrup of Mints, Hysop or Stoechas, each an ounce; Ho∣ney of Rosemary-flowers half an ounce, with Mints and sweet water make a Julep.

When we will cleanse also. Take syrup of Worm∣wood and Bettony, each an ounce; Honey of Roses, and syrup of Vinegar, each half an ounce; with Wormwood-water.

When we desire most to strengthen. Take syrup of Citron-peels, or of Nutmegs, or of Myrobalans an ounce, sy∣rup of Mints, or Chamomil half an ounce: Give it alone, or with Wine, or Wormwood, or Marjoram-water,

A Compound Syrup. Take Fennel-roots half an ounce, Roots of Masterwort, Calamus, Zedoary, Citron-peels, each two drams; Mints, Savory, Hysop, Marjoram, Betto∣ny, Spondylium, Sage, Rosemary and Stoechas-flowers, each a dram; Fennel and Anise-seed, each three drams; Caraway∣seed a dram, Schaenanth half a dram, boyl them in wine and water, add Nutmeg half a dram, and to the straining of Sugar six ounces, boyl it to a syrup, give an ounce and half alone, or in wine.

Or, Take syrup of Mints an ounce, syrup of Wormwood half an ounce, drink it with Wine.

Or this to strengthen: Take juyce of Mints half an ounce, juyce of Wormwood two drams, give it with wine.

Juyce of Chamomil and Melilot, each half an ounce; gi∣ven with wine takes away pain presently.

Stilled Waters to strengthen and heat the Stomach, are of Wormwood, Mints, Calamints, Marjoram a∣lone, or with Wine, or with other Drinks, or after Ele∣ctuaries.

Cinnamon-water is refreshing and healing, if it be made of Wine, with Sugar.

Or some drops of spirits of Wine or Aqua vitae, pre∣sently do help a cold flegmatick and foul stomach, ther∣fore it is so common, and if it be compounded with spices tis the better. Or with hot Plants, and then di∣stilled.

Some Natural Baths drunk to help the old Weak∣ness of the stomach, when it comes from too great moisture or foulness, especially those of Niter. Itali∣ans commend the Porrectan-Spaws, and Germans have many as good.

Chymical Oyls also of Plants and Spices are excel∣lent, but not given alone, but with distilled Waters, or Wine a drop or two.

As Oyl of Cinnamon or Cloves, the rest are not so pleasant, and burn too much.

Or the Oyl of Marjoram, or Mints, or of Anise-seed and Fennel-seed, proper against Wind.

Also Oyls by expression are good, as of Mace, and Nutmegs, and inflame less, if taken with Broath.

Or Oyl of Palma Christi, and bastard Saffron, expels Wind.

These are given in substance, Mints, Calamints, Greek Mints, Sage, wild Mints, Spikenard, Lavender, Tansey, Goats-organ, Penny-royal-seed, and Root of Lovage. Also Roots of wild Parsley, and sweet Cane to expel wind, according to Dioscorides.

Also Roots of Masterwort, Zedoary, Galangal, Ca∣lamus, Ginger, are drunk in pains of the stomach, and Rhapontick by Dioscorides. Or Bithwort against the pains of stomach and guts.

Onyons eaten, take away the pain, and Pistacha's and Rocker, help Concoction. Also Pears and Quin∣ces.

Or Mints fryed with Eggs. And Wormwood so fryed, is used at great mens tables, where I have been, they seem not so bitter to some whose stomachs delight therein.

Also Anise-seed, Caraway and Fennel, expel wind, and help Concoction.

Or seven or nine corns of Pepper whole, that they may not burn the mouth given with Wine, do quickly help a cold stomach, and also Ginger.

Or a dram of Pepper wrapt in a wafer wet in Wine, and three ounces of Wine after it.

Galen gives Pepper with wine presently after Meat, if it turn to Flegm, and the Patient be cold, with short Breath and weak Pulse. This case Bairus describeth, and saith it is rare, but it is all one with Cardiaca.

Nutmeg helps Concoction, and the Pouder given with Chamomil-water takes away pain of the sto∣mach.

Also Cloves alone, or in Meats, with Cinnamon, and the like; Cubebs are highly commended against wind, and Galangal chewed, breaks the wind, as they say.

Or Mastich swallowed whole, or in pouder a dram, or some grains often taken to strengthen.

And Gum of Ivy so taken, is excellent against pains of the stomach. And Labdanum, and Castor, with Wine, and the polishing Stone.

There are divers compound Pouders for the same called Species, to be given as Meat or Medicine alone, or mixed.

When we will heat much, we choose the Burners, if pleasant, as the Peppers, Ginger, Cardamoms, or the less pleasant, when there is much Flegm, as Zedoary, Cubebs, Pellitory-roots. When we will strengthen and bind, or astringe the loose stomach, we give less sharp, but sweet things, as Nutmeg, Mace, Cloves, Galangal, Calamus, Cypress; or sweet things, as cin∣namon, cassia, or sweet cane, wood-aloes, yellow San∣ders, Spikenard, Schaenanth, with Saffron concoct. Of hot seeds these help concoction, and chiesly expel wind; as the Anise-seeds, Fennel, Caraway, Cum∣min, Smallage, Parsley, Ameos, sesely, or wild Parsley∣seed. Of Herbs, sweet and pleasant, Thyme, Cala∣mints, Lovage, Mints, Marjoram, Savory, with the Roots of Elicampane, and Citron-peels. And when we will strengthen, they add red Roses often, seldom Mastich. And to these species, Liquorish is added to cleanse, and Asarum that is sweet, but in a small quan∣tity, least it turn the stomach, and Galen mixeth Niter. In some compound Pouders they put Musk and Am∣bergreese for the Heart, but some love not the scent of it.

Of these divers Pouders are made, some are for Meat and Broath to make them pleasant, as Cooks do.

These following are sold ready prepared for the cooks in Germany. Take Ginger two ounces and half, Pepper an ounce, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, each two drams; Saffron three drams, this is called the Aromatical saffron pouder.

Another more pleasant. Take Ginger four ounces, grains of Paradise half an ounce, Pepper two drams, Nutmegs, Cloves, each half an ounce; Galangal two drams, Cinnamon two ounces, make a Pouder; this is used alone, or with six drams of saffron.

A more pleasant pouder is thus made. Take Cinna∣mon four ounces, Ginger an ounce and half, Cloves an ounce, Pepper half an ounce, Saffron two drams.

A sweet pouder for meat. Take Cinnamon two drams, Ginger three drams, Cardamoms the greater, Pepper and Nut∣meg, each a dram; Sugar two pound.

You may also mix the other species or pouders with sugar.

There is also a Salt compounded to season Meat for moist and loose stomachs. Thus, Take salt parched an ounce, Galangal a dram, Cinnamon two drams, the Ashes of Hens guts half a dram.

Salt and Caraway-seed with a rear Eg, helps conco∣ction, and keeps the Eg from corruption.

Pouders to heat and strengthen the stomach, and ex∣pel wind and crudities, and cleanse flegm and filth, are made af the aforeseid mixed, to be taken alone, or with Broath, Wine, Waters, Juyces, Decoctions, with, or without sugar; somtimes with eight times as much su∣gar if they be unpleasant, and Lozenges or Electuaries. We shall shew Examples of stomach-pouders.

Of Aromaticks alone to heat, we make pouders, the first; Take round Pepper a dram, long Pepper half a dram, Ginger half an ounce, great Cardamoms, Nutmeg, Mace, cloves and Galangal, each a dram; Cinnamon half an ounce.

The second is more compound by adding to the for∣mer, the lesser Cardamoms, Zedoary, Wood-aloes, or yellow Sanders, Spike, each half a dram; Cubebs, saffrom, each a scruple.

The third: Take Cinnamon an ounce, Ginger half an ounce, great cardamoms half a dram, round Pepper a scru∣ple, Nutmeg, Mace, Galangal, each two drams; cloves three drams.

Of this Pouder with sugar a pound, you may make Lozenges; some leave out the Pepper a•••• carda∣moms; some add cubebs, and alter proportions.

Or we may use the species Diacinamomi of Mesue, which hath besides the other Wood-aloes, Saffron, Eli∣campane, and Musk.

A fourth less healing and more strengthning. Take calamints, Mints, Marjoram, Thyme, savory, each a dram; Liquorish a dram and half, Roots of Masterwort, Elicam∣pane, and Pellitory in flegmatick persons, each half a dram; Asarum-roots, dryed Citron-peels, each a scruple; with red Roses two drams, make a pouder.

A fift Pouder of seeds to expel wind. Take corian∣der-seed, Anise-seed, each half an ounce; caraway two drams, cummin, (if it be not offensive) Ameos, sesely, filer-moun∣tain, Lovage-seeds, each half a dram.

The sixth very hot: Take round and long Pepper, each half an ounce; Ginger a dram, Fennel, and Anise-seeds, and tops of Thyme, each half a dram; make a pouder.

Or use Diatrionpipereon which is hotter, if it be Ga∣lens; or that of Mesue which hath also cassia-wood, Spike, Smallage and Ameos seeds, roots of Asarum and Elicampane.

Or use the species of the Electuary of spices, made by Galen.

Or the Diaspoliticon of Galen, which cutteth flegm best, it is made of Pepper, Niter, Cummin and Rue.

The seventh, not so hot as the first: Take Calamints or Mints, Marjoram, Time, Lovage seed and of siler mon∣tain, each a dram; Pepper and Ginger, each half a dram; Cinnamon a dram and an half: make a Pouder.

Diacalamintha of Galen or Mesue, doth the same thing.

The eight Pouder, which is also a strengthner of the Stomach: Take red Roses an ounce, Cinnamon half an ounce, Cloves three drams, Nutmeg, Mace, each two drams; Galangal a dram, long Pepper, great Cardamons and wood Aloes, each half a darm, Zedoary and Spike, each a scruple; Liquorish two drams: make a Pouder.

The Aromatical species of Gabriel, so much used is like this, it is prepared with and without Musk, and the Aromaticum Rosatum of Mesue, to which is added Cubebs, Troches of Diarrhodon and Gallia Moschata. And

the species Rosata Novella of Nicolas, which hath Storax, and the species of the Electuary of Citrons made by Mesue, and that of Musk.

The ninth Pouder for the same: Take Galangal six drams, Calamus, Cloves, Cinnamon, Mace, each two drams; Ginger, both Peppers, great Cardamoms, each half a dram; Spike, wood Aloes, of each a scruple; Fennel, Carva, Annis seeds, dryed Mints and Marjoram, each two scruples: make a Pouder.

Or instead thereof, use species Diagalangae of Mesue, which hath Lovage and Calamints also.

The tenth is stronger yet: Take Cummin prepared with Vinegar, or Annis seeds, or both, an ounce; Fennel and Carua seeds, each two drams; Ameos, siler mountain, Ca∣lamints or Mints, Marjoram, Savory, Time, Lovage, red Roses, of each a dram; Citron peels dryed, Masterwort or Zedoary roots and Pellitory, each half a dram; Liquorish, Nutmeg, Mace, Cloves, Galangal, Cinnamon, each a dram: Pepper, Ginger, great Cardamoms, Cubebs, Schaenanth, each half a dram; Spike and Saffron, each a scruple; make a Pouder.

Or instead thereof, give species Dianisi of Mesue, which hath Mastick, Diacumini of Nicholas, or the spe∣cies of the Electuary of seeds.

There are also other species, as that Diazingiber of Nicholas, which have spices and other seeds, Roses and Liquorish, also Rhubarb and Pistaches and pine Nuts.

Also Diaxylaloes of Mesue, which is also cordial, and besides many spices, hath Roses, Mastick, Bean roots, Rawsilk, Pearl, Currans, Amber, Citron leaves, Basil, Balm, Gallia-Moschata, Musk and Amber greese.

Also Pleres-Archonticon, is good for the stomach, like Diaxyloaloes and hath Camphire in it.

Also the species of the Electuarium Ducis of Nicolas, is good against crudities and Excrements and wind that breeds from them: and is a proper Medicine a∣gainst the stone and colick.

The species called Diarhodon, is not given alone to cold stomachs, but mixed with others.

There are besides these, bitter pouders to be taken, a spoonful at a time in Wine, as that of Wormwood and centaury in a cholerick cause.

Or this: Take roots of Masterwort, Birthwort, each a dram and an half; Wormwood, Centaury, each a dram; cummin, caraway, Ginger, each a scruple; saffron five grains, make a Pouder; or add half a scruple of castor and make Pills with syrup of Wormwood, give a dram.

Of proper astringents, we make Pouders to be taken after meat, that the stomach may better imbrace and concoct them, and to hinder the breeding of wind, these are not too hot, least they digest too soon.

As: Take coriander seed prepared half an ounce, Fennel and Annis seed, each two drams; caraway seed a dram, cinna∣mon two drams, calamus, Galangal, citron peels dryed, each a dram; red Roses half a dram, with sugar as much as all, make a Pouder to be taken after meat.

In the loosness and moistness of the stomach, we add greater astringents and dryers: As, Take Cinnamon half an ounce, sweet cassia two drams, roots of Galangal and cypress, each a dram and an half; dryed citron peels half a dram, dryed Quinces, red Roses, each a dram; Antispodium of Ivory, burnt Harts-horne, Hens guts burnt, of each half a dram, red Coral a dram, (or a dram of Diacydonium without specis) with sugar of Roses as much as all the rest, make a Po••der for after meat, to astringe the stomach. with F••••••kincense and Mastick it is better.

Gross Pouders to be chewed are divers, these are also given afore meat: and to astringe and help concoction after meat.

They are pleasant: As, Take Annis seeds an ounce, sweet Fennel seed an ounce, Coriander seeds three drams, Caraway seed two drams, Liquorish three drams, Cinnamon half an ounce, make a gross Pouder.

It will be sweeter, with Nutmeg, Mace, cloves and Gin∣ger, each half a dram.

There is a Compound Pouder of this sort, called Priests Pasture, thus made: Take Ginger half an ounce, Nutmeg, cinnamon, each three drams; Galangal, calamus, cloves, of each two drams; great cardomoms a dram and an half, coriander, Fennel and Annis seeds, each half an ounce; caraway seeds two drams, Liquorish two ounces and an half, to these they add comfits of seeds and sugar, or su∣gar.

Also Lozenges may be made of the ten Kinds of pou∣ders mentioned, as of Diacinamomum, Diatriongipereon, Diacalamintha, Aromaticum rosatum, Novella, Diagalanga, Dianisum, Diacuminum, Diazingiber, Diaxylaloes, Pleres-Archonticon, Electuarium Ducis.

Or you may make the Gross pouders, as that called Priests-pasture, into Tablets, adding an ounce of sugar to a dram of the species, boyling the sugar with a little Rose water.

Or thus, when we will heat much: Take of the first, second or third Pouder, or Diacinamomum, a dram; of the sixth or seventh Pouder, or of Diatrionpipereon, or Diaca∣lamintha half a dram, Ginger candied a dram, Oyl of Mar∣joram two drops with sugar dissolved in calamints water: make Lozenges.

To strengthen the Stomach: Take of the eight Pou∣der, or of Aromaticum rosatum a dram. of the ninth Pou∣der, or Diagalanga half a dram, candied Citron peels, or conserve of Roses a dram, Oyl of Cinnamon four drops with Sugar dissolved in Mint water: make Lozen∣ges.

In a windy stomach: Take of the tenth Pouder, or Dianisum a dram, Diacuminum half a dram, conserve of Mints, or of Marjoram a dram, with some drops of Oyl of Annis seeds and Fennel seeds and Sugar dissolved in Fennel water; make Lozenges.

You may make also many sorts of Lozenges, of Spices or Plants with conserves or Oyls.

Also of some drops of Oyl of Annis seeds, Fennel, Caraway, Marjoram, Cinnamon, Cloves, with boy∣led Sugar, these are pleasant, if the Oyl be not added to the Sugar while it is hot, and so fly away.

Also there are conserves and candies, both dry and also moist, made of Sugar and Honey. And these conserves are most usual: conserves of Rosemary flo∣wers, Mints, Marjoram, Staechas, and of Eryngus, ac∣cording to Rondeletius and Dioscorides saith, that the conserve of Bettony made with Honey helps con∣coction, or of Squils.

Also candied Ginger, or the Pouder of Ginger, boy∣led with Honey two drops, or Icikles. Also Calamus candyed, or Nutmegs, Myrobalans, Citron peels, or Wallnuts with Spices prepared, as commonly they are.

Of these, some are given alone, or mixed with o∣thers, or in forms of Electuaries or Tablets.

Also the confection of wisemen so called, is good, Take Calamus candied ten ounces, sweet Almonds blanched and Pine-nuts nine ounces, Pistachoes three ounces, candi∣ed Eryngus nine ounces, the three Peppers, each three drams; Ginger, red Roses, Cardamoms, Mace, Nutmegs, Galangal, each six drams; Aromaticum rosatum half an ounce, red Sanders an ounce, clarified Sugar twelve pound, make a Confection.

Also dryed candied simples with Sugar, as Cinna∣mon, Cloves, Ginger, Zedoary, Galangal, Calamus,

Citron peels, cut in pieces and hardned with Sugar, al∣so Roses and Marjoram, which by some are ingenious∣ly confected with Sugar. Especially seeds to discuss wind, before and after meat, as comfits of Coriander, Annis seeds, Fennel and Caraway seeds, and can∣died Quinces with these seeds sticking in them, are good.

You may make divers Electuaries of the tenth Pou∣der mentioned, or the usual Species with Honey or Su∣gar, boyled to a syrup, or syrup of Mints, Quinces, or of candied Ginger, or citron peels, or of pulp of Quin∣ces.

Such did the ancients make up of Species or Pou∣ders with Honey scummed into soft Electuaties, rather then otherwise. And the spiced conserve of Quinces, by Nicholas was made up with Pouders.

With Fruits and Roots, as Confection Diacydonites, which is made of Quinces, conserved and Pou∣ders.

The moderne Authors use the Electuary of calamus, it is made of calamus, boyled in wine with Honey and spices. The roots of Acorns do as well, for they astringe.

There is also an Electuary called the Electuary of Sea Radish, made with honey and spices of Horsradish and Gentian.

From the divers mixtures of all these, you may make divers Electuaries, and add to them conserves and candyes, and the like.

As when you will heat: Take the Electuary of the three Peppers, or the Lozenges thereof an ounce, or a dram of the species, conserve of Mints, Marjoram, each an ounce; can∣dyed Ginger half an ounce, with syrup of Staechas: make a mixture.

When you will strengthen: Take the Electuary of Aromaticum rosatum, or Diagalanga, or both, or the Tablets made of them an ounce, or the species of them, or our pouders a dram, conserve of old Roses, Citron peels candyed, Calamus candyed, each half an ounce; with syrup of Quinces: make an Electuary.

When you will chiefly expel wind: Take the Electu∣ary Dianisum, or Diacuminum, or Tables, or Species, or our Pouders of the same, in the weight mentioned, and add conserve of Roses, Calamints, candyed Nutmegs, of each half an ounce; with syrup of Mints.

In loose and moist Stomachs, give dryers and bin∣ders: As, Take Quinces candyed an ounce and an half, citron peels candyed an ounce, candyed Ginger half an ounce, one Emblick Myrobalan, of Diacydonites without the species made of burnt Ivory and astringents half an ounce, Aroma∣ticum rosatum, red Coral, each a dram; Ashes of Hens guts, Antispodium of Quinces and Ivory, or shavings of Ivory, each half a dram; with syrup of Quinces: make an Electuary, take after meat as much as a Nut.

There are also dry mixtures: As, Take candyed Quinces half an ounce, conserve of Roses three drams, conserve of Marjoram, Ginger candyed, each two drams; Aromati∣cum rosatum a dram, Cinnamon two drams, Cloves, Nut∣meg, each a dram; with Sugar of Roses; make a mixture, give it in the mornings, or add Coriander, Annis or Fen∣nel seed Comfits.

After meat to astringe the stomach, we use these mix∣tures without the hot Spices: thus, Take candyed Quinces three drams, conserve of Roses and Citron peels candyed, each two drams; Cinnamon a dram and an half, the pouder of Diacydonium without species a dram, red Coral half a dram, Coriander seeds two drams, Annis and Fennel seed, of each a dram; red Roses and Marjoram, each half a dram; with Sugar or Seed Comfits: make a mixture.

Some Opiats take away pain of the Stomach from a cold cause, for Opium doth not cool, as some think, but rather heat by reason of many ingredients with the Opium in Opiats, as we shewed often.

Therefore in pain of the stomach, give Treacle, Mi∣thridate, Asyncriton, or Philonium from a dram to a dram and an half, alone or with other things, and give Wine upon it to help the operation; or other Narcoticks with Spices.

Or this, Treacle with Citrons: Take candyed citron peels half a pound, old Treacle or Mithridate, each six drams; Smaragds prepared half a scruple, Electuary of Gems two scruples, sealed Earth a dram; with syrup of citrons, make an Electuary.

Some mix purgers with them; as Philonium with Diaphaenicon, when the stomach is pained from the Ex∣crements.

Outwardly we anoynt or foment or Plaister the stomach to heat it and expel wind, when it is stretched, * 1.291 or to astringe, when it is weak or loose, they must be proper and applied actu∣ually hot

You must anoynt on the left side, where the lodg of the heart is before, but behind right against sto∣mach, upon the spondils of the Back towards the left side, and spinkle the Pouder following there∣on.

When you will heat, use Oyl of Mints, Spike, Jesa∣min, Elder, or that of Nutmegs by expression, or of Mace which are pleasant, or the distiled Oyl of Spike, Mints, Cloves, and the like, when you will expel wind use Oyl of Rue and Bayberries, or the distil'd Oyl of Juniper berries in a smal quantity with the rest, or that of Fennel, Caraway, Cummin seed by drops with o∣ther; when you will strengthen, use Oyl of Mastich, of Wormwood: when you will astringe use Oyl of Ma∣stich, Myrtles, Roses, Quinces, and that made of pressed Grape seeds.

When pain is to be abated, use Oyl of Chamomil, Spike or Dill; which is good after pain from glutony. Or use Oyl of Herbs boyled.

To hear, expel wind, and strengthen: Take Ma∣stick six drams, Calamus, Galangal, cypress, each half an ounce; Nutmegs, cloves, each three drams; Fennel and An∣gelica seeds, of each two drams: with two ounce of Sack and Oyl, put them in a hot place, or boyl them a lit∣tle.

VVhen you will strengthen more: Take Wormwood, Mints, each two drams; Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, of each an ounce and an half; red Roses three drams, cut them small; add Mastick an ounce, red wine four ounces, Oyl of Nuts three fingers above them; boyl and strain them.

This is best against wind: Take cummin, caraway, Lovage, Fennel seed, each two drams; Bay and Juniper ber∣ries, each half an ounce; Rue, Lovage, Mints, Baies, each three drams; beat them and add Aqua vitae two ounces and with Oyl Olive or of Nuts; boyl as afore∣said.

Of the oyls mentioned, you may make stomach Oynt∣ments with spices, or the like: when you will chiefly heat: Take Oyl of Mints, Spike, of each an ounce and an half; Oyl of Wormwood half an ounce, Oyl of Spike, some drops of cloves, Nutmegs or Mace, each a dram; of wood Aloes and Sanders, half a dram, dryed Mints, Marjoram, Rosemary or Schaenanth, each two scruples; with Wax, make an Oyntment.

The same is good against wind; with Oyl of Rue or Bayes half an ounce, or some drops of distil'd Oyls, as that of juniper berries.

This is good in both cases: Take Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, of Mace or both two drams, Oyl of Cloves three drops, of Anise-seeds six drops, Gallia moschata half a dram, with Wax make an Oyntment; we may add Musk, or Ambergrease, or Oyl of Cinnamon, or Hiera picra.

To dry and astringe a moist and dry Stomach. Take Oyl of Myrtles, Mastick, Quinces, each an ounce and half; Oyl of Wormwood half an ounce, Galangal, Snakeweed, Ci∣tron-peels, each a dram; Roses, wild Vine, Pomegranate-flowers, each two scruples; Hypocistis, Labdanum, each half a dram; Mastick, Frankincense, coral, each a dram; and Bole, and a little with wax make an Oyntment, ad∣ding Allum and Vinegar.

If there be pain; Take Oyntment of Marsh-mallows an ounce, Mastick two drams, Oyl of Dill or Chamomil, each half an ounce; Seeds and Mints, each a dram; with wax make an Oyntment.

Cerots or Plaisters made like a Scutchion are lasting, they are made of the Oyntments mentioned, with more Wax for a Cerot, and Rosin for a Plaister.

Galens Cerot for the Stomach is good, made of Roses, Wormwood, Spike, Mastich, Oyl of Roses and Wax.

Or this instead of it: Take long Birthwort, Calamus, each half an ounce; mints, wormwood, red Roses, each three drams; Spike two drams, mastick six drams, with Oyl of Spike, and mastick and wax make a Cerot.

Or this Stomach-plaister: Take mastick an ounce and half, Frankincense and Labdanum, each an ounce; Storax half an ounce, Aloes two drams (except there be pain) Coral two drams, Galangal, mints, marjoram, wormwood, red Roses, each a dram; Cloves, Spike, Sanders, each half a dram, with Oyl of Spike, mints and Rosin, and Pitch and Wax make a Plaister.

When the stomach is loose, use Emplaster of Mastich. This is best corrected. Take Mastich two ounces, Fran∣kincense an ounce, storax and half Labdanum, each an ounce: Hypocistis, Acacia, each three drams; Gallia or Alipta mos∣chata a dram, cypress-roots and wormwood three drams, Mints, Marjoram, Rosemary, Myrtles, each two drams; red Roses half an ounce, seeds of coriander, cummin, Bar-berries, sumach, each three drams; cloves two drams, sanders, wood-aloes, schaenanth, spike, each a dram; Bole, coral, each half an ounce; with Oyl of Mastich, and spike, Pitch, Rosin, wax and Turpentine make a Plaister.

If there be Wind, use Emplaster of Bay-berries, Ma∣stich, Frankincense, Myrrh, Cypress and Costus, with Honey.

Or this against wind, and to fix the stomach. Take Bay-berries an ounce and half, Juniper-berries half an ounce, caraway, cummin and Ameos-seeds, each two drams; Mints, Rue, each a dram; cypress, costus or Masterwort-roots, each half an ounce; Zedoary two drams, Mastich, Frankincense, each six drams; Aloes, Myrrh, each two drams; or two of Hiera picra, with Honey and Turpentine make a plaister, with Nard-oyl, and chymical Oyl of Seeds a little.

Hiera picra with Honey makes also a good Plaister for the weak stomach.

Cataplasms without Oyl (which are unpleasant) are better, but sooner dry, therefore must be repeated.

Wormwood, Mints, Sage beaten and heated are good to be applied also, or laid upon a hot tyle, and sprinkled with wine, and then applied. Or if they be dry, cut and poudered, and softned with wine.

Or thus: Take dryed Mints, wormwood, red Roses and chamomil-flowers, each half an ounce; toasted Bread two ounces, boyl them in wine, and with Mastich, or other Plaisters, apply them.

Or, Take Mastich half an ounce, Frankincense, Lab∣danum, each two drams; red Roses, Nutmeg, Cloves, Mace, Cinnamon, each a dram; Barley-meal an ounce, with juyce of Mints, Wormwood or Marjoram, make a Paste, apply it watm to the stomach.

The same may be mixed with Quinces or sour Ap∣ples roasted, or crumbs of Bread in Wine boyled and beaten.

In Wine, Take crumbs of Bread and Caraway, Cum∣min Fennel and Bay-berries, each half an ounce; with white Wine make Cakes, bake them, cut them in the middle, and apply the round piece to the stomach, change it as it grows cold for the other part, in this form use other Emplasters.

If these be wet with Stomach-oyls, they need not be so often changed being dry.

Dioscorides saith that Mugwort beaten with Oyl is good.

Also the Emplaster of a Crust of Bread of Oyl of Mastich, Quinces, Bread-crust, Barley-flower, Mastich, Mints, Coral, burnt Ivory. And that called hot Dia∣phaenicum Emplaster of Mesue, made of Oyls, Wax, pulp of Dates, Quinces, Bread and Stomach-pouders.

Also Fomentations with Spunges, and the like in time of pain, or before Oyntments are good to pre∣pare.

In pain: Thus, Take Wormwood, Mints, wild Time, each a handful; Marsh-mallow roots six drams, Roots of long Birthwort half an ounce, Rosemary, Chamomil, Mililot and Dill-flowers, each half a pugil; Foenugreek and Line∣seed, each two drams; Nutmeg and Mace, each a dram and half; boyl them in wine and water.

In a cold Distemper of the Stomach; Take Mints, Marjoram, Balm, each a handful; Galangal three drams, Cloves, Ginger, each two drams; long Pepper a dram, boyl them in Wine for a Fomentation.

The same is good against wind, and this; Take Pen∣ny-royal, Organ, Calamints, Mints, each a handful; Flo∣wers of Chamomil, Elder, Storax or Lavender, each a pugil; Coriander, Fennel, Caraway, Cummin or Ameos-seeds, each two drams; Bay-berries half an ounce, Stoechas, Spike, each two drams; Mace a dram: boyl them.

To strengthen; Take Roots of Calamus, Masterwort, each half an ounce; dryed Citron-peels three drams, Worm∣wood, Mints, Marjoram, Balm, each a handful; red Roses and Rosemary-flowers, each a pugil; Cloves, Nutmeg, Ga∣langal, Zedoary, each two drams; Spike, Schaenanth, wood∣aloes, each a dram; Mastick six drams, boyl them in red Wine for a Fomentation.

For a loose Stomach: Take Citron-peels half an ounce, Pomegranate-peels two drams, Wormwood, Sumach or Myr∣tles, each a handful; red Roses three drams, Pomegranate∣flowers two drams, wild Vine tops a dram, Myrtle and Cori∣ander seeds, each a dram and half; Galangal and Cypress∣roots, each two drams; boyl them in red wine.

Or of Oyls against pains: Take common Oyl with the fourth part of Sack, or the tenth part of Aqua vitoe, and fo∣ment after it hath boyled.

Use other Oyls above mentioned, in the same man∣ner, or mixed with Decoctions of Juyces of Worm∣wood, Mints, Marjoram, with Sack, and the white of an Eg well beaten.

Or use Pouders in baggs to the stomach, made of Scarlet-linnen quilted with wool, apply them warmed with the vapor of Wine.

These may be made of things mentioned in the cold Distemper and Weakness, because they rather heat then strengthen.

Or thus for both ends: Take Mints, Wormwood, each a handful; red Roses a pugil, Nutmegs a dram and half, Cloves ad ram, Mastick two drams, with red Coral make a pouder.

Another; Take Mastick half an ounce, Cloves, Nut∣meg, Mace, each a dram; long Pepper or Ginger half a dram, Cinnamon a dram and half, Wood-aloes and Sanders, each half a dram; with Musk if it offends not, and Amber∣grease, or species of Diomoschu, Diambra or Gallia moschata a scruple, make a Pouder for a bag.

When you will astringe more, use the things mentio∣ned against a loose Stomach.

Or this: Take Mastick half an ounce, Frankincense two drams, red Coral a dram and half, Cypress-roots, Citron∣peels, red Roses, Cypress-nuts and Pomegranate flowers, each half a dram; the spunge of sweet Dogs-rose, which the French call Eglenteria, Nutmeg, each a dram; make a Pouder for a bag.

Of the Fomentation-Medicines for wind, you may make baggs.

Or thus: Take Galangal half an ounce, Mints, Penny∣royal, each two drams; Rue a dram, Fennel, Caraway and Cummin, each a dram; Spike, Schaenanth, each half a dram; with Spices make a bag.

You may make a Bag to ease pain of the anodyne Fomentations.

Or of this Pouder: Take Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, Roses, and Rosemary flowers, each a pugil; Wormood half a handful sew them in a bag.

Against wind and pain: Take Bran, Milium, each half a handful; fry them for to make a bag with Salt or Mints.

You may also sprinkle Pouders upon the hot Bread wet in wine, as I shewed.

As that of Mastich, with Cloves, Nutmeg and Roses.

Or sprinkle them after the use of Oyntments, upon the part anointed; or mix them with Oyntments.

Also keep the Stomach warm, from the Air or other things by warm cloaths.

And many sound people wear Stomachers to pre∣vent Cold.

They are made of thick woollen dyed Scarlet, which is also cordial, or of double Linnen and Cotton basted in; or the Doublet is stuffed therewith.

Instead whereof, they who have weak Stomachs, or have caught Cold therein, use Skins and Furrs, of Fox, Hares, young Wolf, Lynx, wild Cats, slinke Calfe, and feathered Skins of Birds, especially Vulturs, to which they attribute singular Vertue.

And instead of Skins they use Pillows, which have no Quilts but Down, especially of Goose-feathers to the Stomach night and day, if it can endure them, for to help their weak concoction.

And when they are first made, that they may work better upon the Patient, they dip them in wine, or some proper Decoction or Juyce, and strain them, and then dry them before they are applied. Or they quilt into those Pillows, some Stomach-pouders mentioned, but we rather use Baggs, as we shewed in external Applica∣tions.

Hollerius commends twice dyed Purple for a Stoma∣cher, shaved or towed to raggs to stuff a Pillow instead of wool.

It is a good Remedy against a cold Stomach, to lay the stomach of a wife or husband, or of a child unto it all night (which was Davids remedy) or a warm hand.

Or a Dog which is better then another Creature for his Familiarity.

It is good also after Evacuation, to roul the stomach by degrees to keep it down.

Also to draw wind from the stomach, apply Cup∣ping-glasses to the Navel.

If weakness come from dryness with∣out heat (of which we spake in the hot Constitution thereof) when the Sto∣mach is bound and hard, * 1.292 and cannot stretch, in regard this comes not but from some great Cause, especially to old folk, when the whole Body is dryed, or in a Hectick, in which the whole Body is extenuated, or long fasting, as in a melancholy woman which would take nothing for fear of being poysoned, because age cannot be cu∣red, nor Hecticks easily, so in these Dryness of Sto∣mach is incurable; in others it is hard, and there is no way but general moistning of the Body as in Hecticks: By Meats, Drinks, Conserves, and other things prescribed in Hecticks, which moisten and relax the Stomach. And that will cure if it come from long fa∣mine, provided the Stomach be not too dry.

When the Natural Constitution of the Stomach is hot, * 1.293 though it be not yet a Disease, yet because it is apt to turn so from hot meats, which cause thirst and burning, and will easily be there corrupted and turn into Cho∣ler, it must be prevented by good Diet.

They that are subject to this must abstain from meats that easily corrupt, as Fats, especially of Fishes, and Milk, and Eggs, which turns into Choler, and Spawn of Fishes, especially of Barbles, which the vulgar think do purge. And from other Meats and Fruits, which though of easie concoction, yet are hurtful in this Con∣stitution: As other things are good which a weak Sto∣mach cannot concoct.

Spiced Meats must be avoided and poudered, and Meats long kept, which are rancid, especially fat or mouldy, as wild flesh, or Venison, or rotten, or moul∣dy Cheese. which are very pleasant to these Constitu∣tions, by reason of their great Appetites, so that they count stinking, mouldy and worm-eaten Cheese full of Mites, for a great Dainty, which is their great enemy, while their Stomach is so burning hot. Also sweet Meats are too hot, and subject to crruption, and easily turn into Choler, which are Naturally or Artificially so, which are known by their Scent, as sweet wine and Fruits, Melons, Figgs, and the like; and such as have evil Juyce, and that will soon corrupt as Cowcumbers. Also Herbs as Water-cresses, wild Parsley, Onions, Leeks, Garlick after the eating of which they belch, Hiccup, and are burned.

Things that are temperate inclining to cold are good for them, as Lettice, Endive, Bugloss, Spinach and the like, and Fruits. Also cold water hurts not them as o∣thers, alone or mixed with wine. Sour things are best, as sharp wine and fruits, and such as were mentioned in cholerick Stomachs, Thirst and Feavers.

Also divers medicines are good which are there men∣tioned, when the stomach being hot, inclineth to a dis∣sease.

The use of sharp Spaw-waters changeth often the Nature of such Stomachs and succession of Age, but by the use of hot things they will be then hurt, though not so much as in Youth.

If the Stomach suffer from the Nerves when other parts are pained, * 1.294 you must apply the remedies to the original of the Evil, rather then to the stomach.

If the stomach suffer from too exquisite sense, there must be more wariness, least it be quickly disturbed: And if it be, we must stupefie the Sense by Narcoticks.

And if the Heart suffer (as they say) which is of the stomach, from the Nerves in a passion of the Mind, the Nerves must be refreshed, and then the Cardialgia will cease.

VVhen wind or Excrements are retai∣ned in the colon, * 1.295 and there is a Cardial∣gia in the said region of the Heart, when they come away the pain ceaseth. If they come not away use Clysters, as in the Colick, as that of oyl Honey and wine, when the pain comes from a purging Medicine lying long in the colon.

If there be Heart-ach or pain in the said lodg of the Heart, * 1.296 from the Midriff, be∣cause there is difficulty of breathing, which is most troublesome, we shewed in Dyspnaea or difficulty of breathing, what is to be done.

CHAP. XII. Of the Pain of Hypochondria or Sides under the Ribs.

The Kinds.

WE call that the Hypochandriake pain, which is in the Sides of the Belly to the Back, or on either side, not in the outside fleshy, or Musculous part, of which we sake in Superficial pains, but deep under the Bastard or short Ribs, and thence are called Hypochon∣driak. Of these Hippocrates often spake. The Empe∣ricks mention these pains in the Diseases of the bowels under the short Ribs, and call it the pain of this or that Bowel. These differ first in respect of heaviness or burning, pricking or tearing.

A dull pain which is heavy, * 1.297 which increaseth some times by stretching and pricking is in the right or left side. And there is either no hardness or tu∣mor to be felt or seen, or both appear under the short Ribs, or between them. And the Ribs are bent outwards more then usually. And there is al∣so a pressing pain of the stomach and difficulty of brea∣thing, and other Symptoms, as want of Complexion in the Face, with palenese in a Cachexy, yellowness and blackness in the Jaundies: or a tumor of the Belly and Feet in a Dropsie. These accidents are more terrible then the pain, and therefore we shall here speak of them also.

Under the right and left Hypochondrion, by the Back bone, seldom on both sides, there is a heavy pain in the space between the Loyns, which groweth grea∣ter, this is called the stone in the Kid∣neys or Lithiasis. * 1.298 This pain increaseth upon motion of the Body, especially when the Back is bent with the body and at lying down, when the part is prest: and there is a numness of the Thigh on that side, to the Knee or sole of the Foot, with great pain, as I have often seen: with stoppage of Urin or pissing of Blood, after violent excercise, or riding. And the Sediment or bottom is black in the Urinal. This at somtimes is white and muddy, like Whey at the first, and after setling, the bottom is white as Chalk, and much somtimes. Somtimes it is gravely and white or scaly. This pain is also increased by new accidents.

There is somtimes a burning pain in the top of the Hypochondria, * 1.299 be∣fore, on the right side, this is called the Inflammation of the Liver, which is the cause of it, or Hepatitis. Or it is in the left side backwards, and is called the In∣flammation of the Spleen or Splenitis. Somtimes it is below in and about the Hip, and behind about the Back on either side, and it is called the Inflammation of the Kidneys, or Nephritis.

In all these kinds, there is a burning, stretching and heavy pain: also beating, especially if it be the In∣flammation of the Spleen, on the left side. In which there is a tumor to be felt, and somtimes on the right, when the Liver is inflamed, which appeareth more, when the patient bends to the right side, but it is with∣out redness, not as the inflamed Muscles are. In both these Inflammations, the pain reacheth to the Throat, and is increased by the lying on the contrary side: and it is more burning in the Erysipelas of the Li∣ver.

In all kinds, there is a smal dry Cough and in the Inflammation of Liver or Spleen, the Hiccup. And in that of the Liver, choler is vomited, and the Mouth bitter, or voided by stool. Also from Inflammation of Liver or Spleen there is a Jaundies, and from the Liver, or Bloody flux somtimes, and there is often Pissing with heat, when the Reynes are infla∣med.

There is with all kinds a Synoch Fever going afore, or following. With restlesness, thirst and dryness of tongue. Quick and little breath, swift and great Pulse. High Urin and somtimes matterish.

These ceasing, there is a heaviness in the part menti∣oned, and other accidents.

Somtimes there is a pricking pain in sound people suddenly on the left side somtimes on the right, * 1.300 which the Germans call Milkesteehen, pricking of the Spleen, falsly. It comes chief∣ly after meat, upon riding exercise; with a Tumor like that of the Cramp from wind, it is pricking and very tearing, when breath is fetched, and lying upon the Belly abates it, and at length it goes away of it self.

In other Diseases of the right or left side, there is al∣so a heavy pain, with greater Symptoms among which I shall speak of that. Those pains that are outward in the Hypochondria and about the Groyns in Ruptures, are refer'd to the Diseases causing them.

There is a cutting and stret∣ching pain in the Loyns, * 1.301 which is called the pain of the Womb, because it is caused, from thence, At the time of the courses, or when they are stopped. Som∣times in great bellyed Women, often after child bea∣ring and with other Diseases of the Womb, where it is described exactly.

There is often on one side, * 1.302 seldom on both, a twitching, tearing and pric∣king pain most grievous in the Reyns, somtimes by fits, somtimes returning in a month or year, this is called Ne∣phritis from the cause, which is the Stone or Gravel, it somtimes is fixed

and somtimes goes to the Groyns and not the Belly, as the Colick. And the Leg on that side is benum∣med.

At the first there is vomiting of flegm and choler and quick and little breathing.

At the beginning the Urin is with difficulty crude like water, then thick and after bloody, and there is red, yellow or white Gravel found at the bottom, growing together somtimes. Somtimes they are so little, they stick in the sediment and fat and fly up, or stick to the pott. All these last long, or the pain goes to the bot∣tom of the Belly, and then departs in a moment: or there is some hurt in the part, as we shewed in stop∣page of Urin. And this either is not, or ceaseth pre∣sently, if one or more stones be pissed forth: the stone is somtimes sandy and brittle, red or yellow or white, long or round, smooth or uneven, greater or less: or hard and flinty and then white or dunne, somtimes of a strange shape.

The Causes.

The Diseases of divers parts in the Hypochondria un∣der the short Ribs, cause divers pains. These parts are either the fleshy Bowels, as Liver, Spleen, two Kid∣neys with the Ureters; or parts belonging to them, as part of the Porinaeum, or Caul, Stomach and Colon; The diseases whereof reatch thither and are felt under the Hypochondria.

Some diseases of the fleshy Bowels cause pains, these are manifest on that side, where the Bowel lyeth. If from the Liver, it lyeth on the right side foreward, the Spleen one the left side, under the Stomach, the Reyns one both sides with the Ureters, under the other two Bowels. The pain of the right Kidney, is known thus from the pain of the Liver, for when the Liver is afflicted, the pain is more on the right side foreward, where the greatest part of the Liver lyeth, or against the lodg of the Heart, where it lyeth, upon the Sto∣mach: but the pain of the right Kidney remaineth fixed backwards, a little lower in the Back. But the pain of the left Kidney, is not so easily distinguished from the pain of the Spleen, because it is higher then the right Kidney. And contrary to the common opi∣nion, the Spleen lyeth more backward, next to the left Kidney. Not on the left side so forward, as is sup∣posed. Therefore the pains of these parts must not be distinguished by the Scituation, but by other signs.

The diseases that may happen to all these and cause pain, are Inflammation, Weight, Obstruction or Di∣stension, from a Humor or Tumor, or from the Stone.

When there is Inflammation in these bloody Bowels, * 1.303 Liver, Spleen or Kidneys, it is from pure or fowl Blood, and causeth a burning where the Bowel lyeth, on that side. For these Bowels have but dull sense of feeling, from the outward Tunicle, yet when the Inflammation reacheth to the parts adja∣cent, which are very sensible and Membranous, the pain is great, and the Tumor more appearing, when the Inflammation is in the outward gibbous part of the Liver, or when the Spleen, which lyeth lower under the Ribbs, is swollen: and the beating is more, when the Spleen is afflicted, because it aboundeth with Ar∣teries; and there are other accidents, as were shewed, When those Bowels that lye upon the Diaphragma are inflamed, for then Breath is hindered, and there is a Cough, and the stomach disturbed: And when the Li∣ver is inflamed, Choler is vomited, or there is a loose∣ness or Jaundies; and the Reins inflamed, make the U∣rin sharp. And if an Ulcer follow an Inflammation in these parts (as appears by pissing of matter from the Kidneys, and we see in Anatomies in the Liver and Spleen) or if there be a hardness left from the Inflam∣mation not well discussed, there will be accidents that will follow accordingly.

A stroak or contusion, or the like, made outwardly upon the parts, may be the cause of the Imflammation, as also very hot things taken in, may inflame the Liver and Spleen, as well as the stomach which lyeth near them. The chief Cause of Inflammation of the Liver is drinking much cold water in a great heat, which makes a sudden repercussion. And the Cause of the Inflammation of the Kidneys is the stone, which seeks a passage forth, and gets into the Vreters, and causeth great pain and flux of blood: This stone increaseth the Disease, by being together with the Inflammation. All these Causes of Inflammation kindle a symptomatical Feaver. But when blood is hot in a Synoch Feaver without these Causes, as we shewed in Feavers, and sent upon any of the Bowels aforesaid, it may cause these Inflammations which follow a Feaver as their cause. And it may be also from plenty of blood, when a Feaver goes not afore but follows after, which blood breaks out of the Vessels, and causeth an Inflammati∣on. If this Blood, if it be in the Liver impure, and not well purged from Choler, causeth an erysipelated Phlegmon, and the great Heat that comes from thence, by which the Bowels seem to burn, whence comes the burning Feaver called Typhodes. And the same things happen, if there be a true Erysipelas, from pure Choler spread through the substance of the Liver from the Gall. And this may come also from the Causes mentioned, that produce other Inflammations.

If the Liver or Spleen be obstru∣cted by a Humor, * 1.304 so that they are more heavy, there is a weight in the sides. This is seldom from a Hu∣mor in the Kidneys, but from a Stone or Gravel. This heaviness increaseth as if a weight lay there∣on, if there be a hard Tumor, Scirrhus or Oedema in the Liver or Spleen. This may be in the Kidneys, from the same tumors with great pain and heaviness. The Causes of all these shall be mentioned in other great accidents: We shall not speak of Wind which some will have to be a cause of pain in the Liver or Spleen, because it cannot be in such quantity there, as to cause it by stretching, neither is the inside of those parts sensible, neither do we see how it can be in the Kid∣neys.

From a Stone bred in the Liver or the Gall, or from sand or gravel, * 1.305 ga∣thered and returned, there is felt a Heaviness as from a Tumor. This may be, as I have seen in Anatomies, and it hath been observed that much red Gravel like Blood hath been voi∣ded in a Disease of the Liver; and by finding stones in the Livers of Beasts: We may collect that the same may be in a man. These hapning, cause this pain and other Symptoms, such as come from a stopped Liver, as we shall shew, we cannot affirm that Stones may breed in the Spleen, but from that general rule, that they may breed in any part of the Body, because we never saw nor heard of any.

Stones of divers sorts, * 1.306 and gravel in the Kidneys and Vreters, cause the Nephritick pain, which is either a Heaviness only in the Reins, gen∣tle and dull, when the Gravel lyeth still, or the Stones sticks to the kid∣ney; but the pain is greater when much Gravel is ga∣thered there, or the Stones be great or many, with pric∣king and cutting, and numness in the Leg on that side, from compression of the Nerves in the Loins, or pis∣sing of Blood from great motion, which maketh the stone beat upon the substance of the Kidneys, and som∣times of matter, and some part of the stone. These accidents are greater and longer, when the stone is long detained, and grows up in one place, and especially when it grows so that it fills the Reins and swells them, as we have seen great branched stones in Anatomies: Or when the substance of the Kidneys is worn away, and the stone is wrapt in the Membrane only, as in a purse where the Kidney was. Hence must needs be great pain; and I opened a Woman that in her life time complained for many years of such a pain, and often miscarried and found it so. Also I opened a wo∣man that after a mischance pined away and died, in whom besides other accidents, I found both Kidneys eaten away, and full of matter, and two great square stones in the right Kidney, and two in the left, one like a cross, another like an almond, with many other little ones. This is usual, for others have told me as much. I saw also a stone in the outward Fat of the Kidney, that grew to the tunicle which was great, but caused no pain, because it was hollow and light.

If the Stone get from the Kidneys in∣to the Vreters, * 1.307 the pain is greater, and hath the aforesaid Symptoms, first Vo∣miting from the consent of the stomach, and because flegm is vomited, they sup∣pose that the pain come from that, but that came from the stomach, because it could not so suddenly come from the Kidneys. The Urin is then waterish and crude, because the Choler is carried another way by vomiting and pain. That pain which is from the Stone, getting into the entrance of the Vreters, when it returns to the Kidneys again cea∣seth, or is less; but it increaseth when it descendeth through the narrow passages of the Vreters, by stretch∣ing them, and so it lasteth till it gets into the Bladder, and then it ceaseth suddenly. And this pain may come from Gravel that passeth slowly through the Vreters, especially in the strait passages, which have been so en∣larged in some that I have opened, that they have pis∣sed Stones and Gravel without pain.

The Cause that breeds Gravel and Stones is Flegm, according to the vulgar opinion, which is so dry by the heat of the Kidneys, that first it is Earth, then a Stone. But in regard Mudd or Slime is rather bred of dryed Flegm, and it cannot be further hardned by any Art or Nature, nor that that chalky matter which is found in the Joynts, comes from Flegm; as we shall shew in the Diseases of the Joynts, or if it come from it, it can∣not be earthy. And if it came from Flegm, Stones should rather breed in the Stomach and Brain, and o∣ther places where it aboundeth, than in the Kidneys to which that slimy Flegm they speak of, scarce cometh, or if it cometh, it cannot stay long, from these reasons and others, we cannot be of their opinion.

VVe shall rather make an earthy substance to be the cause of this Earthiness, which we have shewed may be in Humors distinct from Flegm, as in the serum or whey, by these arguments. For as water flowing con∣tinually through the passages of the Earth and Chan∣nels, and carrying a terrene or earthy Matter with it, which it leaves upon dry places, causeth Mudd and Sand, and the rather when it is impure and full of clay, or when it is Naturally salt, nitrous or vitriol, by which as we have observed in Spaw-waters, they have caused stones in the Channels, through which they have flow∣ed. In like manner the Serum receiving a salt Juyce and earthy Matter, which is bred dayly of Salt in the first Concoction which a man alwayes useth, and other earthy things (as you may observe in Beasts which love salt, so that they lick the walls as Goats, in which when old, many stones are found) if the Serum have much thereof, it sticketh to the dry and strait parts, through which it passeth and affords matter for sand and stones. Especially in those parts where the Serum separated from the Blood continually passeth through the Kid∣neys, therefore there Sand is first bred. These are red because they breed in the substance of the Kidneys, and grow into the Stones, if they continue long, and there increase by addition of new matter, or if they fall into the Bladder, and stay there, there they increase. And the older they are, the less red they are, but paler and firmer. And while the Serum is in the Blood, it may do the same in divers parts fitted for it: As was shewed concerning the Liver. And if it be mixed with other Excrements it doth the same, and the rather when it takes sharpness and dryness from the Choler. Hence it is that so often we find Stones in the Gall of the co∣lour of Gold, or Silver, from the yellow Choler. And this is done in the Body by the Serum, so when it falls out of the Body, by tears it causeth Sand in the Eye∣lidds: As was shewed in the Diseases thereof. Also in the Serum which is purged in the Bladder, namely the Urin, by which the stones that fall into the bladder are increased, the same may be observed. But it is more plain from Urine made in a Chamber-pot, for if the same Chamber-pot be used long and not scoured, there will be a sandy and gravely matter growing unto it, and and if it continue yet unscoured, it will turn to thick scales and stones. And as this may be done in time from any Urine, especially the saltest and sharpest, so may it be done speedily by Art, when the Urin is boy∣led. Therefore the Chymists make Salt out of Piss and Lye that hath earthy matter. From which as we shewed that Sand and Gravel may come, so may they increase into stones, from a salt, sharp and sour Juyce mixed with the Earthyness which is in the Serum or u∣rin, which fastneth and sends them (as the Stone-cut∣ters use to make a hard Cement like Iron of Filings of Iron, and Juyce of Vitriol and Vinegar) this cannot be from Flegm as some say, which cannot so glew to∣gether the earthy Bodies, that they may make a stone.

Neither can the heat of the Reins which they make the efficient cause of the stone, so dry the Flegm, and burn it, that it may be brought as it were to ashes; in regard stones may breed in other cold membranous parts. And that it should breed in certain places, the straitness of the part, to which the matter may fix lon∣ger and better and the dryness thereof, where it may grow hard, is required and ought to be the assisting Cause. Therefore they who Naturally have dry reins as some Infants, which have in the Cradle stones in the Kidneys, with great pain, and piss them forth, as I have observed, especially in one who had a white clear Stone before it was a year old, which stuck in the Yard, and stopt the Urin, and at length came forth with much Urin after it, and the falling of the horrid shining Tu∣mor in the Belly: Or they who have dry Reins from age or other causes, are most subject to the Stone. And

if it come from the Parents, it is hereditary, and takes the children at the same years as it did the Parents. Fer∣nelius (not explaining the quality) calls this a sandie Constitution of the Kidneys.

Some pains in Hypochondria come from the Perinaeum or cawl which is spread under the Belly before or behind, * 1.308 and is broadest under the Hypochondria, sides and back. And when that is ex∣treamly stretched, and drawn by the parts to whose Tuuicles it groweth, it is as it were pull'd a∣sunder, and hence comes a pricking pain, if it be in one part only, or a tearing and cutting pain, if the largest part of it be so stretched.

The cause of this is often wind, which gets between the Cawle and the Muscles, and stretcheth, and causeth that pricking pain, which they which use Exercise after meat, are subject to in the same manner, as there is a pricking pain in the Breast in a false Pleurisie, from the Membrane or Tunicle succingent, or which girdeth it. The strong attraction of the Muscles of the Belly by strong motion presently after meat, doth bring this, es∣pecially by riding when fitting in the saddle, they bear strongly upon the stirrups, and by forcing with retenti∣on of breath, constringe the Muscles of the Belly. E∣ven as we shewed in the Cramp, how it might come from wind in other parts of the Body, by the same kind of straining. For which cause, as in a windy Cramp the Muscles are lifted in the part pained, and cause a swelling which somtimes appears to the Eye. And if the sides be bound with a garter (as we shewed in the Cramp) and the Muscles drawn down by a contrary straining, as was exactly shewed; the pain ceaseth or abateth. So here is a kind of windy Cramp, and it may be referred to the Disease of the muscles and cawle pluckt asunder (as we shewed) This the vulgar calls the pain of the Spleen, because it is more often in the left then right side, which is by reason of the Stomach that lyeth on the left side, and because more Wind is bred in the left side, as in Hypochondriack Melancho∣ly, yet it comes somtimes on the right side.

These pricking or cutting pains which come from other Causes under the sides, * 1.309 when the Perito∣naeum or Cawle is stretched, are caused from the affliction of the Bowels, as Liver or Spleen, which are joyned to the Cawle, or from the Vessels of the womb which grow to the Back, and by the Cawle. Hence it is that pains of the Womb reach thither; or from the stretching of the Peritonaeum in a Tympany, or in Women with Child, there is a little pricking, or by continuance a great pain, as in the Her∣nia or Rupture. The Causes of all these shall be laid down in other great accidents which befal.

The Stomach being on the left side under the Hypochondrion, * 1.310 is pained about the lodge of the Heart before, with a pain called Cardialgia, on the left side; especially in the Hypo∣chondriack Melancholy, when there is rumbling and burning: As is shewed in Melancho∣ly.

The pain of the Colon which is placed under the Stomach, * 1.311 from one side to the other, is also in the Hypochondrion, but stayes not, but runs about the Belly: As shall be shewed in the Colick.

The Cure.

We shall mention only here the Cure of those Diseases with pain in the Hy∣pochondria. * 1.312 For the Cure of the Dis∣eases of the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Cawle, which we mention here only for the pain sake, because the pain in them is dul, shal be shewed in other Symptoms, as Cache∣xy, Jaundies, Dropsie, and the like, by which they are more manifest then by the pain. * 1.313 Also if there be pain in the Hypochondria from the Stomach, Womb or Colon, reaching thither, be∣cause the pains of the stomach are more in the region of the Heart, and of the Colon and Womb, more in the lower Belly where they lye, we have shewed the Cure of that in Pains of the Heart, and of those Pains in the Belly. And here we shall only declare the Cure of the Pain, where it chiefly shews it self, in respect of its cause, as it comes from the Inflammation of the Liver, Spleen, or Kidneys called Hepatitis, Splenitis, or Nephritis: Or from the Peritonaeum or Cawle, vulgarly called Spleneticus.

The Inflammations and Erysipelas of the Liver and Spleen, * 1.314 are dangerous and often deadly, and if they imposthume, and leave an Ulcer, or be ill cured, and a Hardness or Scirrhus follow, they cause a Dropsie, and incurable Diseases. The Inflammations of the Kidneys are more easily cured, they are worst, when the Stone is there also: If they leave an Ulcer, it is also ve∣ry stubborn, as shall be shewed.

The Method in the cure of all these Inflammations is the same as in others, that is while they are coming to divert the Blood another way from the part, or by re∣pelling and deriving it, and to allay the Heat and Burn∣ing, and to discuss the remainder, or if that may not be to ripen it. And if, there be Hardness, Scirrhus, or Imposthume, and after that is broken, an Ulcer, (which may be both in Liver, Spleen and Kidneys) we shall shew what is then to be done in other Symp∣tomes, that come from thence. Against Inflammation, use the following Remedies.

Blood-letting diverts the Blood while it is flowing to the part another way, especially in the Inflamma∣tion of the Liver or Kidneys which have great Bran∣ches from the hollow Vein: And in the Phlegmon of the Spleen, also it must not be neglected, though it hath Veins only from the Gate Vein, for reasons shew∣ed in Inflammation of the Stomach. Therefore in the Inflammation of all the the three parts, except any thing prohibit, open suddenly that Vein which most appeareth, on the same side, and bleed plentifully for Revulsion, and if there be great Plethory or Fullness, open the same Vein again, or that in the Hand on the same side, either against the Thumb, or little or middle Finger, according to Rhasis. And in the Inflamma∣tion of the Kidneyes open the Vein in the Foot.

The Haemorrhoids being Branches of the Gate Vein if they be opened derive much from the Inflammation of the Spleen, and revell from other Inflammations.

Cupping Glasses to the Hipps and Buttocks, or that side, do revell and derive in the Inflammation of the Reins. The Ancients did use them the day after bleed∣ing,

to the right Hypochondrion, when the Liver was Inflamed after scarification, and applyed them the next day again to the same place others used them only at the Declination, to take away the residue without Scar∣ification.

Also Ligatures and Frictions of the extream parts are good at the first, as in other Inflammations, to re∣vell.

And Clysters before Bleeding, and when the Body is bound, as it useth to be in these Inflammations, or Suppositories are good.

And Clysters because they reach into the Colon, and come near to the part, and cool, are best at the first, and are as altering Topicks; such as are prescribed in Fe∣vers.

A loosning Clyster, that a little provoketh. Take Mallows Roots and all, Beets, and for the Kidneys Pelli∣tory of the wall, each an handfull; Violets, Bran, each a pugil; Lineseed an ounce, Anniseed a dram, boyl and strain them, dissolve Honey, Butter and Oyl, each an ounce and half; Pulpe of sweet Prunes, or Cassia an ounce, with a little Salt, make a Clyster.

A cooling Clyster. Take the emollient Herbs and Roots, Purslane, Gourd leaves, each an handful; Violets, Mallows, and Chamomile flowers, each a pugil; Linseed, six drams, four great cold seeds an ounce, Barley a pugil, boyl and dissolve, Honey of Violets halfe an ounce, Cassia, an ounce, Oyl of Violets, and Water-Lillies, each an ounce and half.

If they cannot take Clysters, give a Laxative, take heed of Purgers for fear of more Flux and Inflammati∣on, Cassia therefore is not very safe.

But we give things that loosen without heat and pric∣king, as Prunes and other loosning fruits, and Spinach, Mallows, Violets boyled in Broaths, Whey, syrup of Violets and Roses, and the like.

In the declination or after the fourth day when heat abates, to take away the reliques, when the Liver or Spleen are afflicted, we give a gentle Purge, because they can discharge themselves by the Meseraicks into the Guts. And the rather, when the Disease is in the hollow part of the Liver, into which the Gate-vein branches it self, and if Choler boyling in the Gall or sent out, causeth an Erysipelas. In these cases we may give Cassia, or some gentle Purger.

Or this Decoction which cleanseth and openeth. Take Liquorish two ounces, Grass and Kneeholm roots, each an ounce; red Pease a pugil, Senna an ounce, Polypody an ounce and half, Cordial-flowers a pugil, Anise-seed three drams, Fennel seed and Dodder, each a dram; boyl them, strain and add syrup of Roses an ounce and half, syrup of the two Roots an ounce, Cinnamon a dram, Schaenanth half a dram, for three or four Draughts.

Or this Infusion: Take Rhubarb four scruples, Cinna∣mon, Spike, Schaenanth, each a scruple; sprinkle them with white Wine, and steep them in Endive and Maiden-hair∣water, add syrup of Roses, with Senna an ounce, make a Po∣tion.

If the Disease be in the Reins, because they have no∣thing to do with the Meseraicks, these are not proper, except some other reason require it, for then it is better to provoke Urin, or when it is in the convex part of the Liver, which hath branches of the hollow Vein, then it is good in the declining to take away the re∣mainder.

In the beginning of Inflammations of Liver, Spleen or Kidneys, we give gentle Astringers and Coolers, and which strengthen them, especially the liver and spleen. Then we leave out the Astringents, and mix Cleansers with Coolers, and then Openers, which take away the remainder by Urin or Stool. Such as were prescribed for the Inflammation of the stomach.

Or these following at first to repel. Take syrup of dryed Roses or Myrtles, each an ounce; syrup of Currance, or Bar-berries, or of Succory, or of Plantane for the Kidneys, each half an ounce; Endive, Rose and Plantane-water, each an ounce and half; red Sanders half a dram: Drink itin the morning, and make it again for the evening.

A cooling, cleansing and opening Julep in the pro∣gress. Take syrup of Violets and Endive, or Sorrel or Bi∣zantine, each an ounce; syrup of Purslane, and Water-lillies in the Inflammation of the Reins chiefly half an ounce, Straw-berry, Liverwort and Lettice-water, each an ounce and half.

Or this Decoction: Take Succory roots an ounce, En∣dive, Succory, Lettice, Strawberry-leaves, each a handful; Violets, Comfrey, Succory-flowers, each a pugil; Barley a pu∣gil, the four great cold Seeds, each a dram; sharp Prunes six, boyl them, strain and add Sugar.

We cool also with ordinary Drink, made of Water, and Barley, and Violets, and other four things, and with Conserves and Candyes, mentioned in Feavers and Inflammation of the Stomach.

In the Declination, when we will cleanse, and open and purge by Urin; We take syrup of Maiden-hair, of Bizant, each an ounce; syrup of Endive, and of the two Roots, each half an ounce; Water of Maidenhair, Agrimo∣ny, Fumitory, each an ounce; Spike and Schaenanth, each a scruple.

Or this Decoction: Take Roots of Asparagus, Fennel, Parsley, Liquorish, each an ounce; barke of Tamarinds for the Spleen half an ounce, Maidenhair for both Liver and Spleen, Agrimony, Ceterach, each a handful; Cordial and Broom flowers, each a pugil; Chamomil-flowers half a pugil, red Pease a pugil, the four great cold Seeds half an ounce, A∣nise-seed two drams, Parsley-seed and Agnus Castus, cach a dram; Raisons an ounce, boyl them, and in the straining dissolve syrup of the five or of the two Roots an ounce and half, with Cinnamon make it for three or four draughts.

Pills to discuss the reliques of the Inflamation. Take Turpentine two drams, Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vine∣gar a dram, Myrrh, Storax, each a scruple, Schaenanth, Spike, Asarum, each half a scruple; with Sugar make Pills, take two scruples, or a dram, with Barley, Pease or Parsley-wa∣ter.

Outward Coolers must be applied at the first which astringe and repel; then mix Dissolvers therewith, and in the Declination, use Discussers alone to dissolve the remainder, or to ring it to Suppuration, if it will not be discussed. To all these you must add Strengthners, when the principal parts are inflamed. And these must all be applied, not actually cold, but temperate at the first, and warm afterwards.

A repelling Epithem to be used at the first. Take Rose-water four ounces, Plantane-water two ounces, Vinegar of Roses an ounce, Sanders a dram, Camphire a scruple (you may ad Juyce of Plantane or Violet-leaves, or of Pears or Quinces) Oyl of Roses half an ounce, or Rose-vinegar.

Then use this; Take of Nightshade-water, Water of Lettice, Violets and Water-lillies, each an ounce; Endive or Succory-water for the Liver two ounces, juyce of Nightshade, or Purslane, or of red Roses an ounce, Vinegar half an ounce, Sanders a dram, with Oyl of Violets make an Epithem.

Or dip Clouts in Juyce only of Nightshade, or of Endive for the Liver, and apply with a little Vinegar and Oyl of Violets, Roses or Water-lillies.

An Oyntment for the beginning of the Inflammati∣on. Take Oyl of Roses, Quinces or My••ties, each two oun∣ces; juyce of Plantane and Vinegar, each an ounce; or juyce of Endive or Succory for the Liver or Spleen an ounce,

boyl them till the Juyces are consumed, add Sanders, red Roses, each a dram; with Wax make an Oyntment.

At the first use the Cerot of Sanders for the Liver or Spleen, and the cooling Oyntment of Galen for the Reins. And Oyntment of Roses for all Parts.

Or this Cataplasm when the noble Bowels are affect∣ed. Take Quinces four ounces, Plantane and Horstongue, each an handful; red Roses a pugil, Pomegranate-flowers half an ounce, boyl and stamp them, ad Barley-meal three ounces, Oyl of Roses two ounces, red Sanders two drams, make a Cataplasm.

In the progress, to dissolve the Inflammation of Li∣ver or Spleen. Take Oyl of Roses two ounces, Oyl of Wormwood, or Spikenard an ounce, Oyl of Chamomil, or Melilot half an ounce, Sanders a dram, Spike half a dram, with Wax make a Liniment.

An old Oyntment for Inflammation of the Liver, made of Poppy tops, Rue, Linseed and Schaenanth, is good at that time.

Or the Cataplasm of Galen, made of Quinces and Dates.

Or this Cataplasm: Take Figgs, Dates, Raisons not stoned, each three ounces; Wormwood, Harts-tongue, each a handful; red Roses a pugil, boyl them in Wine and Wa∣ter, stamp and add Barley and Foenugreek-meal, or Line∣seed, each two ounces; Pouder of Orris a dram, Oyl of Cha∣momil and Lillies, each an ounce and half; Saffron a scru∣ple, Spike and Schaenanth, each half a dram.

In the Declination, the Emplaster of Melilot, Marsh-mallows, or Dyachylum, with Orris, do the same, and also maturate.

In the Inflammation of the Kidneys, use relaxing and resolving Ovls, as that of Oyl of sweet Almonds, or in which Marsh-mallow-roots are boyled, Oyl of Cha∣momile, Lillies, or the like, and Grease or Fats.

Or Oyntments of the same as that called Resum∣ptive.

Also a Bath of Marsh-mallows, and Mallows, Lil∣lies, Chamomile, Faenugreek and Lineseed, and the like, or a Fomentation for the Reins.

A Pain in the Reins from Stone, or Gravel, * 1.315 is not only to be cured when it comes, but to be prevented, by hindring the breeding of Stones, when we fear it, by reason our Pa∣rents had it, or are otherwise dispos∣ed to it. Especially in those who pisse Sand, we must take heed least it cleave to the Kidneys, and breed a Stone. And if we suspect that there is a Stone from former pains, and present Heaviness in the part, we must prevent pain, hinder its growth, and labour to ex∣pell it. This is by taking them of from things that breed the Stone, and heat and dry the Kidneys, and by giving cleansers to keep the Stones from growing to the Kidneys, and to break them and bring them down. But in curing of the pain of the Stone, which sticketh in the Passages, we must relax the passages, break the Stone, and labour to get it forth, all which shall be now related, as also the Diet and Exercise, and Purgers, and Clysters, and alterers and outward remedies.

There must be moderation and choise in meats and Drink, which must be of good juice, because the stone taketh its Original from them, Meat must be Tempe∣rate, and very little salted, very salt and dry things must be forborne, for from these comes the cheif earth∣ly Matter. Also very sharp and hot things that dry and heat the Kidneys, as Sawsages, and Spices, rather then crude glutiners, and things they thought, breed Flegme, for these cause a thick juice, which maketh Obstructions but not the earthly Matter, except there be some other cause, for that is layd aside in the serum, in which they are washed, as we shewed in the Causes Therefore Cheese which they forbid so earnestly, as the great Cause of the Stone, cannot do it but by its saltness, and sharpness; but fresh Cheese, Milk, and milkie meats, and other fresh meats though they be glutinous, cannot breed the Stone.

Modetate Exercise before meat is good to remove the Stone, which fixeth by Idleness. Therefore they void Stones more after exercise, then after Sleep, and the Urine made at that time, is best to judg by. There∣fore when the Stone is little and sticks in the Kidneys, Moderate Exercise is good, but when great, it causeth pain by moving it, and in an old disease, strong and vi∣olent motion of the Loyns, tears the flesh from the Stone, and causeth pissing of Blood, and an Ulcer. Nei∣ther do some allow exercise presently after meat, least it be distributed before concoction, and carried to the Kidneys, to breed matter for the Stone, but this Cru∣dity will rather breed Obstructions and other Diseases then the Stone, as we shewed. Immoderate Venery dries and weakens the Reins, and disposeth them for the stone, and if there be a stone, it stirreth it, and caus∣eth pain. Therefore they who have lived long, with∣out the use of Women, when they marry are subject to the Stone, which they never formerly perceived, being old men, as we have observed often. Also loos∣ness of Body in orderly going to stool hinders the in∣crease of Excrements. And not holding of the Urin when it urgeth, prevents the fixing of the Gravel.

If the Body be foul, purge Spring and Fall, and oft∣ner to prevent, not only Flegm, which some think is the cause of the stone, but all humors. And to take a∣way the cause of the stone, use gentle things that car∣ry the salt and wheyish Matter from the Reins, and cleanse the Blood, as they say; such as shall be menti∣oned for the Cure.

For when the fit of the stone is, we use Laxatives or Clysters to take away Excrements and Wind, then Purges, but not violent, that they may not meddle with the cause which is rather to be looked at in the time of prevention, then of cure. But such as may gently move the stone drawn, mixed with things that break it, as we shall shew.

Cassia is excellent to prevent, and in the fit also an ounce or more, with syrup of Violets or Sugar candy, or with the Decoction of Liquorish, or Sebestens, or convenient Waters, or seeds of Winter-cherries, or Gromwel, or a dram of Pouder of Turpentine, with Oyl of sweet Almonds to abate pain.

Also Turpentine two drams, with the yolk of an Eg, convenient Liquor, Sugar or Honey, or with Cassia.

Or with Benedicta laxativa, or two drams of the pouder thereof, with Sugar.

A loosning and cleansing Decoction. Take Liquo∣rish an ounce and half, Raisons stoned an ounce, Sebestens ten pair, Prunes five pair, Pease a pugil, the four great cold seeds half an ounce, Anise-seeds three drams, Senna and Polypody, each an ounce; Violets a pugil, boyl them, and add Sugar, syrup of Violets or Roses for two draughts.

It is better to add Fennel and Parsley-roots, each an ounce; Saxifrage and Marsh-mallow roots, each half an ounce; Mallows, Maidenhair, each an handful: Dill-flo∣wers a pugil, Alkekengi-berries two drams, and make the quantity of Senna an ounce and half, and to add Rbubarb and Agarick.

A purging Wine: Take Senna an ounce, Carthamus∣seeds a dram, Agarick or Rhubarb two drams, Liquorish an ounce, opening Roots half an ounce, Violets and Mallows, each two drams; Berries of Alkekengi, Anise and Lovage-seed,

each a dram; Currance four ounces, add Wine three pints, drink this to prevent the stone, and when it begins to purge.

A preventing Electuary, and to be taken in the fit. Take Cassia two ounces and half, Prunes and Sebestens, each an ounce; juyce of Liquorish two drams, with syrup of Vio∣lets make an Electuary, give an ounce with things against the stone, and some scammoniate Electuary, as that of Juyce of Roses, Diaphaenicon, Elescoph, and Bene∣dicta laxativa a dram and half.

Or give the gentle Electuaries with Rhubarb and Senna, as Catholicon and Lenitive, and the like, alone or with the Decoction mentioned.

Or gentle Pills, with things that break the stone.

Or these: Take species, Hiera and Benedicta laxativa half a dram, with Turpentine make Pills: Or a dram of Benedicta.

Or this Pouder: Take Senna an ounce and half, Rhu∣barb two drams, Turbith three drams, Ginger a dram, Cin∣namon two drams, Polypody three drams, Gromwel and Bur∣dock-seeds, each a dram; Broom-seeds half a dram, Orris a dram, the four great cold seeds, each a scruple; make a pou∣der, give two drams,

Clysters suddenly take away pain, by taking out the Excrements and Wind, which would increase it, by pressing upon the Ureters and Reins: And also by coming to the part being anodyne, and if they be nar∣cotick especially, and which break the stone. Then do they help in a threefold respect.

As this against the Stone. Take the emollient herbs, roots and all, Pellitory, Bettony, Groundsel, Beets or Mercury, each a handful; Chamomil, Melilot and Dill-flowers, each a pu∣gil; Liquorish two ounces, red Pease, Bran, each a pugil; Figs ten, Bay-berries three drams, Alkekengi-berries two drams, Gourd, Foenugreek and Linseed, each half an ounce; Fennel and Caraway seeds, each a dram and half; boyl them in Water and Wine, or Broath, strain and add Honey or sugar an ounce and half, Cassia an ounce, Benedicta or Hie∣ra two drams, Oyl of sweet Almonds, Nuts, Olives or Butter, each an ounce; Turpentine two drams, with Salt make a Clyster. If the Pain be great, add two drams of Philo∣nium Romanum.

Or you may use the anodyne Clysters for the Co∣lick, adding things proper for the stone. Or thus: Take Oyl of Chamomil, Dill, Lillies, sweet Almonds, each an ounce and half; Oyl of scorpions, Goose grease and sweet Butter, each two ounces; Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg an ounce and half, Saffron a dram, with Milk make a Cly∣ster, add Opium half a scruple, if there be need.

Or this: Take Turpentine two ounces, dissolve it in white Wine half a pint, with the Yolk of an Eg, Oyl of But∣ter, Almonds two ounces, Oyl of scorpions an ounce, Goose∣grease two ounces.

Or this to help the stone to pass foreward. Take Lilly roots two ounces, Lapidium, Smallage, Purslane, Roots and all, each an ounce; Pellitory, Coleworts, Groundsel, sa∣xifrage-roots and all, Bettony, St. Johns-wort, Water-par∣sley, Crateva, Fennel, Dovefoot, Columbines, Beets, each half a handful or a handful; Lillies, Broom, Elder, Lavender and Stoechas flowers, each a pugil; Juniper-berries an ounce, Alke∣kengi-berries two drams, Gromwel, saxifrage, Parsley, smal∣lage, Cummin, Hally-berries and seeds, each a dram; boyl them in Wine and Water, strain and add juyce of Pellitory, St. Johns-wort, Fennel or Parsley, each an ounce; Benedicta laxativa or Indum majus three drams, Oyl of Dill, bitter Al∣monds, Peach-kernels, scorpions, each an ounce; Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg two drams, with salt make a Clyster. Add the Electuary called Justinum or Lithontridon.

Alterers are given also to cleanse away Gravel, that it stick not to the Reins, nor grow to the stone, they are good to prevent and cure, they open the streight passa∣ges where the stone is lodged, and make them slippery And break the stone if it be crumbling or fastned to the Reins, but if it be old or flinty, it cannot be. Some do it by a cutting quality, and sharpness, or by cleansing which takes the Gravel from the Kidneys, and some∣what alwaies from the stone; and the rather, when they are drying and earthy, which they do not by their hardness, as one stone wears another as they suppose. for they are not given whol but finely poudered, but by the clensing quality which is in these dry bodies; and by a propriety known more by custome then reason, as in other things, which do it by their similitude of which hereafter.

Good broath of red pease is approved, with Butter, Sugar, and Honey, or a little Salt, this is used to pre∣vent, adding parsley roots, and Coleworts and topps of Sparagus, with Beans and Fitches.

Or Take; Red Pease a pugil, Parsley roots two ounces, Fennel, and Rest-Harrow roots and Liquorish, each an ounce; Colewort or Malowes, a few Melon seeds two drams, Aniseed a dram. boyl them in Cock Broath, til there be two mess∣es of it streined, give it Morning and Evening.

Or the Decoction of Alisma, Chamomile, Marsh-Mal∣lows, and of Corn Poppy, according to Diascorides, is good for such as make thick sandy Urine. Or the Decocti∣of white Saxifrage.

To this Decoction of white Saxifrage, Orris, Prim∣rose roots, Mallows, Venus Navel, and Holly, are added, also roots of Valerian, Musk; and wild flax may be boyled with Wine.

Some say that the Decoction of Lignum Vitae is good against the stone, by its cleansing and cutting qua∣lity. And therefore they give it in the fit, and to pre∣vent also, as ordinary drink for a long time together, with other clensers sometimes, as Liquorish roots, Rest harrow, and the wood of the Thorne Tree, with Sug∣ar, or Honey.

Of these and others make this gentle and pleasant De∣coction. Take Liquorish an ounce and half, red Pease a pugil, Raisons ten pair, Figgs five pair, the four great cold Seeds, Anise and Mallow-seeds, each a dram; Violets and Mallow-flowers, each a pugil; boyl and strain them, add Sugar or Honey a sufficient quantity for two or three draughts.

This is stronger; Take Marsh-mallow roots, Liquo∣rish, each an ounce; Mallow-flowers two handfuls, red Cole∣worts, Chervil, Bettony, each a handful; Melon seeds two drams, Foenugreek or Linseed a dram and half, seeds of Par∣sley, Alkekengi and Gromwel, each a dram; Chamomil and Broom-flowers, each a pugil; boyl and sweeten it, and use it as the former.

Or thus: Take Roots of Asparagus, Restharrow, low Bramble, each an ounce; Pellitory, Bettony, Poli-montain, each a handful; black Vetches a pugil, boyl them in Rain∣water, add Vinegar of squills an ounce, Goats blood prepared half a dram, Lapis Iudaicus a dram.

Or this Syrup: Take the five opening Roots, each half an ounce; Liquorish, Marsh-mallows, Dropwort, Burnet, sa∣xifrage, Restharrow, Ground-bramble, Horse-radish, each an ounce; Roots of Valerian, Dittany, Madder, Nettle, Bayes, Orris, Elicampane, Birthwort, Piony, Vervain, each half an ounce; Roots of Asarabacca, Cypress, each two drams; Sea∣onyon a dram, Roots of white Saxifrage, inner Rind of Ha∣zel and Elder, each half an ounce; Mallows, Pellitory, Cher∣vil, Lovage roots and all, Saxifrage of Dioscorides (which Dodon takes to be wild Time) Bettony, Pauls Bettony, Maidenhair, Ceterach, Rupturewort, Bupleurus, Ground-I∣vy, ••red Coleworts, wild Parsley, Sea-fennel, Celticknard,

each a handful; Flowers of Chamomil, Lillies, Broom, Wal∣flowers, St. Johns-wort, each a pugil; red Pease a pugil, Peach and Cherry-kernels, each an ounce; Juniper, Winter-cherry and Ivy-berries, each half an ounce; the four great cold seeds and of Mallows and Marsh-mallows, each a dram; the four great and small hot seeds, each half a dram; Foenugreek and Linseed, each a dram; Raisons stoned two drams, Jujubes and Sebestens, each five pair; make a Decoction, add to the straining Sugar or Honey six ounces, with a little Cin∣namon make a Syrup: Take two or three ounces alone, or with convenient Water or Wine. Some boyl Lapis Judiacus and Lyncis in it, but in my Iudgement to no purpose.

Or the opening and cleansing Syrups, which are sel∣dom given alone but with Powders and Electuaries that expel the Stone, as, Oxymel Hydromel, Syrup of Liquorish, Radish, or Byzantine.

There is also an Infusion made of Wine to ex∣pel the stone, as winter Cherries, bruised and steept in Wine.

Or bruised Radishes, or Hors-Radishes steept twelve houres in Wine, which is very good.

Dioscorides commends Wormwood-Wine against the Stone.

And this is better; Take Liquorish, Rest-harrow, Burnet, Saxifrage, Lovage, Fenel, Radish, each an ounce and half; Bettony, and Pauls Bettony, Rupture-wort, Bup∣leur, Maiden-hair, Ground-jvy, all dried, each three drams; Violets, Dillflowers, each a dram; Winter Cherries, Ivy ber∣ries, each two drams; Parsley, Carua, Gromwell, and Broom∣seed, each a dram; bruise them, and infuse them in two quarts of Wine.

Groundjvie infused in Aqua Vitae, is a singular expe∣riment against the Stone.

Or divers Aqua Vitae's made of Herbs, and other things proper against the stone.

Or a Lixivium, or Lye, made of ashes of the same is good in four ounces at a time.

As of Vine ashes, or Bean stalk ashes, when Water or Wine is poured through them, so often til it be sharp.

Another strong enough in half an ounce. It is made of the Ashes of Bean-stalks, Pease, Coleworts, Vervain, Wormwood, Garlick, Ivy, Iuniper, Bayes, and Pali∣urus, if it may be had. Taking as much of them as you can hold in your hand, and letting a pint of Wine, and four ounces of Aqua-Vitae pass nine times through them.

Some Juices break the Stone. (as Hannibal did the Alps with Vinegar) as thin white Wine, and Vinegar, and Water.

A certain man was drunk with white Wine, and held his Water forceably, and then voided abundance of stones and Gravel. And another of our Citizens of a good family, by drinking the diuretick Wine in the Blasine-street, voided often stones of half a dram in weight, and hath shewed to me many of them which came forth with a little pain.

Hollerius teacheth us that the same may be done by much cold water, when the body is hot and dry from the pain, and it is better with Vinegar, also the spaw∣Waters that are sharp, are drank many dayes together against the stone.

Or an ounce of juice of Limons alone or with Sugar, or with three ounces of Wine, also juyce of Oranges, and the like.

Or the juice of winter Cherries, and Yarrow, or the Water of a Beet stalk, taken often in the same quantity, according to Mathiolus.

Or Take Juice of Fennel and Purslane, each half an ounce; white Wine an ounce. Drink it with sugar, or make a syrup thereof.

Or this Potion; Take Juyce of Pellitory clarified, an ounce and half, of Chamomile, Bettony, Honey, or Sugar each an ounce, drink it with Pease Broath or the like, or make a syrup thereof.

Another, Take; a Horse-Raddish, bruise it add the best Wine to make it three ounces, or four, strain it and add Blood of a Goat prepared a dram. this is highly commend∣ed, to which other Juyces and Pouders may be added.

The Urine of a Goat of four yeers old, or of a rock-Goat, is highly commended.

Also distilled waters which pierce to the Reins, in a good quantity as Pellitory water a pint, or Mallow, or Marsh-Mallow water, or of Broomflowers, or Bean flowers, Rest-Harrow, Asparagus, Saxifrage, Parsley, Fenel, Osyris, or that of wild Parsley, sea Fennel, Rad∣dish, Ivy berries, or winter Cherries, or that of Flix∣weed called Osyris, or of Oak leavs, and Leavs and Roots of Brambles, and of Dogs tongue, also of ceter∣ach, Vervaine, Chamomile, or that of Peach kernells or that of Turpentine which is oily. Mathiolus com∣mends the Water of Mans Dung or Pigeons Dung. The spirit of Wine which is thin, breaks the Stone.

These all may be given alone, or with sugar, or with other Pouders, or distilled of divers simples mixed to∣gether.

Or thus; Take the Roots, Herbs, Seeds, of which we make the Wine by Infusion, all dryed and bruised, and so much Wine, as it may be like a Pultes, and four oun∣ces of Turpertine, draw a water by distillation from it: give it as the other.

Or add to the dryed simples that will keep their Virtue, Roots of Spargus, Smallage, Parsley, each halfe an ounce; roots of Asarum, Maddir, Valerian, each two drams; Pellitory of the wall, St. Iohns-wort, Chamomile, and Broom flowers, each two drams; Smallage, Lovage, Sparagus, and Raddish seeds, each a dram; distill a water with Turpen∣tine as before.

All these are better distilled in Aqua vitae.

Or Thus; Take Peach or Cherry kernells, two ounces, Berries of Brambles, Strawberries, Winter Cherries, Ivy, each an ounce; Hors-Raddish three ounces, green Beans with the shales, Pellitory, each an handfull, wild Parsly, Sea Fen∣nell, each a pugil. bruise and distill them.

Or this; Take of Peach kernells, four ounces, Sebesten, and Jujubes, each five pair, four great coldseeds, six drams, Winter Cherries, half an ounce, Gith, and Smallage seed each two drams, Hors-Raddish, half a pound, bruise them, add Turpentine and Honey each a pound, distill a Water, give three ounces alone, or with other Breakstone-Medicines.

Or, distill this Water of Juyces; Take Juyce of Raddishes, Lovage, each six ounces, Juyce of Winter Cherries two ounces, white Wine Vinegar two ounces, distill them give half an ounce.

This is an admirable Water: Take juyce of Radishes a pint and half, of Restharrow and wild Tansey, Saxifrage, Winter-cherries, Pellitory, Burnet, Bettony, Marsh-mallows, Gromwel, each half a pint, Roots of Fennel, Parsley, Eryn∣gus, Restharrow, Orris, Elicampane, each two ounces; Basil, Gromwel, Burdock and Parsley-seeds, each half an ounce; Juniper berries bruised half a pound; infuse them, and stir them often two dayes, add a pound of Honey, and a pound and half of Turpentine, white Vinegar two ounces, distil them in Balneo, give two ounces, or two and an half, with as much syrup of Violets.

It is good to drink Oyls, for we may see them swim after upon the Urin, and therefore know that they pass through, and supple the Ureters.

Therefore in great Pains, when the stone is stopped in the passages, give Sallet-oyl, or Oyl of sweet Al∣monds, or Linseed new drawn or well washt, alone, or in Broaths or Cream.

Some commend an ounce of Sallet-oyl with Wine, wherein Flints have been often quenched.

But some Oyls are proper for the stone, alone given, or with other remedies, as Oyl of Peach, or Cherry-kernels, or of bitter Almonds, or of Scorpions; or that of Citron-seeds, or Dock-seeds; or of chymical Oyls given by drops with others, as that of Turpentine, or the fat Liquors of Calcanthium, or Vitriol called Spi∣rit of Vitriol.

Or this compounded: Take Juniper-berries four oun∣ces, bark of the Roots of Ash three ounces, beat them, add Turpentine two ounces, Honey an ounce, steep them and ad Water, and so distil an Oyl: Give six or seven drops with any convenient Liquor.

Some Simples are good taken in substance, Raddish and Salt in Sallets, Horse-raddish beaten with sweet Almonds, Roots of Lovage boyled or raw eaten in a good quantity before bathing. Roots of Fennel, Par∣sley, tops of Sparagus, Hops, Coleworts, Purslane, wild Parsley and Water-cresses in Sallets, Sea-fennel pickled called Samphire; also Lemmons, Raisons, Figs or kernels of Peaches, bitter Almonds, Cherries eaten with sugar, or made into Comfits. Also the Fruit of sweet Briar called Hepps, Hares flesh, especially the kid∣neys, or Sparrows or Wag-tayls roasted, or Goats blood boyled or five or six ounces of Fox blood, with wine and sugar which is highly commended.

Some Simples of a Rosin quality pierce and cleanse the Reins, and make the Urin sweet as a Violet, and expel the stone and gravel in time of the fit, by provo∣king Urin, as the best Turpentine alone not washed two drams and half in a Wafer, or with Liquorish, Pou∣der or Sugar; and it is better dissolved with the Yolk of an Eg, and given with convenient Liquor; or boy∣led till it may be poudered, two drams.

There are many other Simples for the same given in Pouder, in Wine, or the Waters mentioned, as Ditta∣ny-roots, Bayes, Knotgrass, Rupturewort, Buphleu∣rus called the Hares-ears, the seeds of Paliurus, Grom∣wel, Broom, Xanthium, Winter-cherries and Ivy-ber∣ries.

And pouder of Goats blood thus prepared. Take the blood of a young Goat fed with Herbs good against the stone, neither that which comes first or last, but in the middle of the bleeding, preserve it from putrefaction by a gentle fire, or by the sun, and give a dram in pouder with Wine. The blood of a Hare is as good.

Or the ashes of a whole Hare-skin, and all a spoon∣ful in Wine

Or the ashes of a Wag-tayl.

Or these stronger Pouders of scorpions, sows or hog∣lice, pouder of Earth-worms or ashes, which are very strong, and must be given warily, and in a small quan∣tity; or of Grass-hoppers, Beetles, pouder or rather ashes of Spanish-flies, or of those Hog-lice or sows cal∣led Onisci, which Hartman so commends in his Pra∣ctise of Chymistry.

Or the fine pouder of Lapis Judaicus, or half a dram of Lapis prunellae, with the thin water of Vitriol, given twice a week in the morning. This is a great secret a∣mong some.

Besides these, there are many Pouders and Electua∣ries and Pills, made of Roots of white Saxifrage, Bur∣net, Saxifrage, Dropwort, Restharrow, Valerian, Horse-raddish, Madder, Nettles, Lovage, Fennel, Parsley, Grass, Kneeholm, Sparagus, Bramble, Asara∣bacca, sea-onyons, Orris, Elicampane, Birthwort, Pi∣ony, Dancasonium, Horse-dock, Acorn-shells, middle Rinds of Hazel, the saxifrage of Dioscorides (called Ser∣pillum by Dodon) the Capillars, Celticknard, Bay and Colewort-leaves, Feaverfew, Ground-Ivy, Penny∣royal, Organ, Polymontain, Calamints, Hysop, Sou∣thernwood, Germander, Bettony, Pauls-bettony, Groundpine, Leaves of Oak and Willow, Scordium and Empetrum, the Flowers of Royal Comphrey, Chamomil, seeds of Fennel, Anise, Caraway, Cum∣min, Smallage, Dill, Carrot, Sesely, Parsley, Lovage, siler-mountain, Amcos, Parsley-pert, Coriander, As∣paragus, Kneeholm, Basil, Raddish, St. Johs-wort, white Thorn, Nettle, Ash-keyes, Gith, Water-cresses, Burnet, Saxifrage, Lupins, Vetches, Bay and Juniper-berries, Medlar-stones, Peach and Cherry-kernels, sweet Almonds, red Pease, the spunge in the sweet Bryar, Cherry-tree and Plum-tree, Gum, Gum of the Walnut-tree, Vine, Gum Arabick Traganth, Elemi, Olibanum, Bdellium and Amber. Also the ashes an an Hedghog, Swallow, Asses-liver, Doves-feathers, and pouders of a Hares-kidneys, Mans-skull, Horse∣hoof, Astragalus or Hare, Ivory, Picks or pickerel Jaws of Crayfish and Snails shells; or of Eg shells hat∣ched; or of stones in Cray-fish, Crabs, spunges; or of stones taken from men, commended by Paracelsus, and Oyl of them taught by Hartman: Also pouder of Mouse dung. And of Lynx stone, Ocher the third Alcyon of Dioscorides, and ashes of Glass. To which we add things to enlarge the passages, as Liquorish, Marsh-mallows, Venus-navel, Violets, seeds of Mal∣lows, Cotton, Marsh-mallows, Foenugreek, Linseed, the four great cold Seeds, sweet Almonds, Pistakes ashes of Nuts and Gourds. And things that help con∣coction, and expel wind and obstructions, and spices that expel the stone, and make the Medicines pleasant; as Ginger, Galangal, Calamus, cypress, cinnamon, Wood-cassia, Wood-aloes, red Sanders, Nutmeg, Mace, cloves, Pepper, carpobalsom, cubebs, spike, schaenanth, saffron.

Give of these mixed a dram or two, with Wine, Wa∣ter, Lye, Decoctions or Infusions; or with sugar make gross Pouders or Lozenges, with Gum Traganth, or with Honey or Syrup make Electuaries, with other conserves or candyes, given from two to three drams. Or if they be unpleasant make Pills with Turpentine, and give a dram, and after them give a convenient Draught of proper Liquor to help their working. Ex∣amples of Pouders, Pills and Electuaries, are these.

The first pouder: Take dryed Coleworts a dram, Oak∣leaves dryed and Acorn peels, each half a dram; Pepper and Ginger, each a scruple; make a pouder, give a dram or a dram and half.

A second: Take Peach kernels parched half an ounce, Melon seeds two drams, Fennel seed a dram: Give it with Parsley-broath.

A third: Take Gromwel seed and Winter-cherries, each a dram; Parsley seed half a dram: Give it in five ounces of Lemmon-water.

A fourth: Take Broom seeds half a dram, Amber two scruples, Sugar candy a dram: Give it with Wine.

A fifth pouder: Take stones of Medlars a dram, Pick∣rel-jaws half a dram, Lovage seed a scruple: Give it as the other.

The sixth: Take Crabs-eyes and Astragalus, each half a dram; Broom and Basil seed, each a scruple: Give it at once.

A seventh: Take of the stones that have been voided by the same Patient or others, and Lapis judaicus equal parts, make a fine pouder: Give it with Hydromel or Water of Sea-fennel.

The eighth: Take the ashes of a Wag-taile or Hare a dram, Eg-shels hatched two scruples, with Sugar and Cinna∣mon, make a Pouder.

The ninth: Take boyled Turpentine half a dram, Pou∣der of Earth worms a scruple, burnt Harts horn two scruples, Lapis Iudaicus a scruple, Gum Traganth half a scru∣ple.

The tenth: Take Goats blood prepared a dram, Jews stone half a dram, Ashes of Earth worms a scruple give it as the other.

The eleventh: Take Goats blood prepared or ashes of a Hare two drams, or of each a dram; the Spunge stone and Jews stone, each a dram and an half; Fennel, Parsley, An∣nis seeds, Gromwel seeds, Medlar stones, each a dram; water∣cress seeds half a dram, Mellon seeds a dram, Liquorish half an ounce, Roots of Burnet, Saxifrage half a dram, Cinna∣mon a scruple, sugar two ounces make a pouder, give a spoonful or two; drink after it some convenient Li∣quor.

The twelfth: Take Liquorish three drams, Rest-har∣row, Dittany, Bays, Hors-radish, Burnet, Saxifrage and white Saxifrage, of each two drams: Asarum, Orris roots, each a dram; Dodons, Saxifrage called Serpillum, Mai∣den-hair, Bupleurus, Rupturewort, Pennyroyal, each a dram and an half; Fennel, Seseli, Parsly, Lovege seed, Sea fennel, Radish Basil seed, of each two drams; Watercress and Gith seed, each a dram; Medlarstones a dram and an half: Peach kernels two drams, Plum tree Gum two drams, Crabs Eyes, Pickrel jaws, Egg-shels, Wolves Liver prepared, each a dram; Jews stone and Spunge stone, each a dram and an half; Oker and burnt Glass, of each half a dram: give it as the for∣mer.

A thirteenth excellent Pouder: Take Mouse dung five or seven, Olibanum a scruple, Fennel seed half a dram, Cinnamon a scruple.

A fourteenth stronger: Take one Grass hopper of half a scruple, Crabs eyes two scruple, Cinnamon a scruple, give it with the Decoction of Juniper berries.

The fifteenth yet stronger: Take dryed Spanish flies four, Spung stone two scruples, Melon seeds a dram and an half, Sugar candy a dram, give it with the Decoction of Lineseed or Whey.

The great Electuaries of Nicolas, Lithontribon, Ducis or Justinus: are made of these, and that of Arnoldus de Villa Nova; and that called Nephrocathartike and Phi∣lanthropos, and the Diuretick of Baptista and Montag∣naria.

There is also an Electuary called the Queens Ele∣ctuary, which hath Senna and Turbith in it.

And a red Pouder make thus: Take red Sanders and Cinnamon, each an ounce; Annis, Fennel, Parsley, Gronwel, Creta of the Sea, Winter-cherries, Melon seeds, of each two drams; Spunge and Jews stone and Lynx stone, each a dram; blood of a Goate prepared half a dram.

The Electuary of Ashes, by Avicen is prepared for the stone. Thus: Ashes of Glass, Spunge and Jews stone, Scorpions, Hare, Egg-shels, Pouder of Goats blood, Ashes of Coleworts, Calamus, Penny-royal, Parsley seed, Carrot, Marsh-mallow seeds, Pepper, Wallnut tree, Gum and Gum Arabick made into Pou∣der and with Honey into an Electuary.

This hath been often used by me with good success: Take Liquorish, Bay roots, of each two drams; Rest harrow roots a dram, Winter-cherries, Paliurus seeds, Gromwell, of each two drams; Smallage, Parsley and Fennel seed, each a dram; Water-cresses half a dram, Gum of Cherry or Plum tree and Amber, each a dram; make a Pouder, with Cin∣namon and a little Sanders: and to mitigate pain, Hen∣bane seeds a dram and an half, give a dram with sugar or make Lozenges, or an Electuary, or Pills, with syrup that is proper, with Peach kernels and juyce of Liquorish, instead of Liquorish.

With Conserves, you may mix them thus: Take Conserve of smallage roots or Orris an ounce, Conserve of Broom flowers and Maidenbair, each half an ounce. The tenth, twelfth or thirteenth Pouder. Or the Electuary Ducis, Justinus or Lithantribon a dram and an half. Or if you will have it stronger, the fourteenth Pouder and juyce of Liquorish, each a dram; with syrups aforesaid: make an Electuary.

Agarick is somtimes added: Take Agarick a dram, Pellitory of Spain two drams, roots of Dropwort a dram, Gromwel seeds half a dram, Madder half an ounce, conserve of Maiden hair half an ounce, with Honey of Violets: make an Electuary.

Convenient Pills: Take seeds of Paliurus, Gromwell, Winter Cherries, each a dram; Saxifrage seed and Sea fen∣nel, each half a dram; Mallow seeds two scruples, juyce of Liquorish a scruple, Gum of Cherry and Plum tree, each half a dram; Bdellium a scruple, Goats blood prepared a dram, ashes of Scorpions, or Mouse heads, Earthworms, Hog lice or Sows, each half a dram; with Turpentine, make Pills, give a dram.

F•••• pain, give Anodynes with the former.

An Emulsion: Take Peach kernels four ounces, Melon or Gourd seeds half an ounce, white Poppy seeds two drams, beat them, and with half a pint of Pellitory or Mallow wa∣ter, make an Emulsion with Sugar or Honey, give four ounces.

A pouder again pain: Take white Poppy tops two drams, Henbane seeds a dram and an half, the four great cold seeds and Mallow seeds, each a dram; Gromwel seeds and Winter Cherries and Broom seeds, each half a dram; Liquo∣rish two drams, Restharrow roots a dram, sugar two oun∣ces.

It is good in pains to add white poppy seeds or Henbane seeds, as I shewed in my pouder.

Or to give Opiats, as Asyncriton, Philonium, Roma∣num, with pouders against the stone, or others mentio∣ned in the Colick.

And Narcoticks may be given with purgers: As, Take Asyncriton or Philonium Romanum two scruples or a dram, Diaphaenicon a dram and a half or species Benedicta a dram and an half or six grains of Diagredium with sugar make a Bolus.

Or thus: Take senna half an ounce, Carthamus seeds two drams, Liquorish, parsley roots, each half an ounce; white poppy seeds two drams, Mallows and Lineseed, each a dram; boyl them and dissolve Asyncriton or philonium a dram, Mithridate two drams, or half an ounce of syrup of poppies.

Or these pills: Take species Laxativum two scruples, Opium prepared and dissolved in sack two grains, Storax, saffron, Castor, each three grains; Oyl of sweet fennel seeds a drop with Turpentine, make pills.

We give Anodynes in Clysters also, as in the Co∣lick.

And outward things to remove the stone, by dila∣ting the passages.

Sitting in a moist and hot Bath takes away pain, if up to the Armeholes, in a Vessel made on purpose cal∣led Lumbrorium.

In time of necessity, hot water alone will do well and better then potential heat, to take away pain, though things potentially hot, may be added to help the Decoction, and which loosen, expel wind, open and move the stone, such as Clysters were made of.

Or these, a Decoction of Mallows and parsley and Chamomil flowers in a straight Vessel, the less will serve.

Or adding Lilly roots pellitory and Violets.

Or a Decoction of Coleworts, Spinage, Arrage or

Turneps, or Parsneps, or Scirroots, and Horse-radish, which is best.

Or of Marsh-mallowroots, opening Roots, and all three pugils, Foenugreek and Linseed a pugil, Smallage, Parsley and Caraway seed an ounce.

We add to the former some stronger things to expel the stone, which are mentioned in Remedies taken in∣ward, and may be used outwardly, to remove it as some think.

Chiefly Madder roots, and sea-fennel, or Sisymbri∣um, Columbines, Dropwort, Dovefoot, Bupleur, sou∣thernwood, Mugwort, Broom flowers, and of Verbas∣cum, Gromwel seeds and Winter-cherries, and the like.

For rich people we add Milk, Oyl, Butter to loosen more, and Wine to make it penetrate.

We make Fomentations (when baths cannot be u∣sed) of the Decoctions aforesaid, with a spunge, stu∣phes or bags, with Wine and Oyls.

Some use Embrochations or Infusions upon the pe∣cten if the stone lodge there, to remove it; they are made of the aforesaid Decoctions.

Also to bath in, and to drink of sharp Waters, is good against the stone, as those of Sulphur.

After Bathing or Fomentation anoint the Reins, Pri∣vities and Perinaeum, to take away pain, and open the passages warm, stroaking the Hand downward.

If there be heat of the Kidneys, this Oyntment will open and cool. Take Oyl of Violets and Water-lillies, boyl Marsh-mallows therem, fresh Butter, or Cream and Goose grease, each half an ounce; with white wax make a Liniment.

A stronger Anodyne: Take Oyl of sweet Almonds an ounce and half, Oyl of Chamomil, or Melilot, Dill and wall∣flowers, each half an ounce; Conies grease six drams, Mu∣cilage of Linseed or Fleabane an ounce, Saffron a scruple, with wax make a Liniment.

Or anoint with the Oyntment of Marsh-mallows, or that called Resumptive.

When we will drive along the stone: Take Oyl of bitter Almonds an ounce, Oyl of Peach kernels half an ounce, Oyl of Scorpions and Goose grease, each half an ounce; Tur∣pentine a dram, with wax make a Liniment.

With Juyces thus: Take juyce of Pellitory and Marsh∣mallows, each an ounce and half; wine an ounce, white wine∣vinegar half an ounce, Oyl of wall-flowers and Earth-worms, each an ounce; Oyl of Scorpions half an ounce, boyl them to the consumption of the Juyces, ad Goats grease six drams, and with wax make an Oyntment, or with Turpentine.

Another stronger: Take Oyl of Lillies and bitter Al∣monds, each an ounce and half; juyce of sea-fennel, Horse∣raddish and white wine, each an ounce; boyl them and ad Grass-hoppers, or quick wood-lice, spanish-flies, scorpions dry∣ed twelve, or more.

Or thus: Take Oyl of bitter Almonds, of Peach, or Cherry-kernels two ounces, Oyl of scorpions, or burnt Grass∣hoppers half an ounce, with wax make an Oyntment.

A more compound Oyntment. Take Oyl of Cha∣momil, Dill, Lillies, each an ounce; Oyl of bitter Almonds an ounce and half, of scorpions an ounce, Goat and Badgers∣grease, each half an ounce; Mucilage of Foenugreeck seed an ounce, Madder and Asarum roots, each a dram; water-cres∣ses, Raddish and Lovage seeds, each half a dram; Myrrh a dram, ashes of Grass-hoppers, or Beetles two scruples, ashes of Beech mast a dram, saffron half a scruple, Oyl of Amber half a scruple, with wax make an Oyntment.

Trallianus commends the blood of a Goat newly killed to anoint.

This Cataplasm is good to the pained part. Take roasted Lilly roots half a pound, of Pellitory of the wall heated upon the Tiles and bruised two handfuls, and of Groundpine so prepared three drams, Marsh-mallow roots bruised two oun∣ces, Chamomil flowers and Dill tops, each a pugil; Flower of Foenugreek and Linseed, each an ounce; boyl them in milk, add fresh Butter two ounces, Oyl of Lillies and scorpions, each an ounce; saffron a scruple, make a Pultis.

Also the actual Heat of Bags made of dryed simples, or Chaff of Milium is good here, as in other pains.

Also Pillows, and Skins, or Furrs, Coney-wool, and Hares skins are the best.

Also some Stones tyed about the Waist prevent the stone. Great folks by a greenish stone like the Galacti∣tes. It is called the Nephritical Stone, because it expels stones from the Kidneys, and also strengthens the Sto∣mach.

It is good to apply a Cupping-glass, not upon the Kidneys, least it stir the stone, and cause pain which is not great, till the stone gets into the Ureters, and then apply the Cupping-glass still a little below the stone, and so remove it downwards, beneath the place of the pain, till you have brought the stone into the Blad∣der.

The same may be done by chasing with the Hand or with Cloaths, and hot Oyls that loosen. Especial∣ly after so doing you use a Cupping-glass, alwayes ta∣king heed that we go not too high with these things to the part pained, which will increase pain.

Some rub the Leggs in time of bathing.

Moderate motion also keeps the sand from stopping in the passages; and it is good to stand upright, or to exercise a little to move it.

And if a stone from the Kidneys stick in the entrance of the Ureters, and cause pain, it is good to lay the leg so high that the stone may get back by a little motion, into the hollow of the Kidneys, this will soon take a∣way pain.

Vomiting by its force in straining, doth help to re∣move the stone, therefore at the first if it come not Na∣turally provoke it, or provoke Neesing.

It is good in great pain, when the Patient is pletho∣rick, to open a Vein in the Foot on the same side, least it run to the Kidneys by reason of the pain, and cause Inflammation, or when there is Inflammation.

The pricking pain which is vulgar∣ly called the Spleen, * 1.316 though it be sharp, yet because it comes from a cause that lasteth not long, as attracti∣on of the Muscles and Wind, it goes away of it self, otherwise it must be cured.

If it come often or from little motion, rest prevent∣eth it, and gentle Motion, and good Diet, not windy, but such as expelleth wind, and by keeping the side ve∣ry warm. And if the Party must exercise or ride, let him not do it upon a full stomach, and then bind him∣self about the waist with a Swathband.

When this pricking pain comes, also it is good to bind, with a Rouler as in a windy Cramp, of which this is a sort, and by so doing the Muscles will be drawn into their place, and the pain removed by expelling the wind.

If after rest and binding, or rouling, the pain yet re∣main, you must use the same way of cure; as was shew∣ed in the Cure of a windy Pleurisie.

First, use outward things that are hot actually and potentially that expel wind, and take away pain, as Fomentations, Bags, Oyntments, Plaisters and Baths dry and sweating, such as are described in the windy Pleurisie, and other outward Diseases from wind.

If for all these the pain abare not, you must use di∣verters

and Derivers, as Clysters and Cupping-glas∣ses. And (as is there shewed) if the Body be foul, you must purge, provoke Sweat, and give Alterers, which by a hidden quality take away pricking-pain.

CHAP. XIII. Of Pain of the Belly.

The Kinds.

VVE call that the Pain of the Belly which is be∣fore, where it is soft and covered with no bones; for we shall speak of other Pains in the parts adjacent, that are in Pissing and going to Stool, hereaf∣ter. These in the Belly are first distinguished by their Seats, for some are in the Abdomen or Panch about the Navel; others below the Navel, or above the Pecten, or reach to the Hips and Loins.

There are pains often about the Na∣vel. * 1.317 These are distinguished by Physi∣tians according to the Gut affected, as we shall shew in the Causes, and one is called the Colick, another the Iliack-pain. These are the Symptoms.

The great pains are called Torments they are somtimes about the Navel, * 1.318 above or below, or on each side; somtimes they move with heat burning, and somtimes cold; some∣times they are fixed under the Navel chiefly, and do as it were bore a hole through, but not in the Back, Groins as the Nephritick pains of the stone, or in the Hips, as those of the Womb.

There is also Rumbling of the Guts to and fro to be heard and felt.

Also the belly is bound, and somtimes there is an en∣deavor to belch or fart, but in vain. And if not, or a Loosness follow, the Disease is cured. Somtimes there follows a purging of matter but not of blood, as in a Dysentery. In one sort of this Disease the urin is stop∣ped.

There is also Loathing and Heart-ach called Cardi∣algia, and Vomiting of Flegm or Choler, somtimes of the Excrements which is grievous. this Disease is called Iliacus from the Gut Ilion, * 1.319 or from the Greek Eleos or Eleenos, because it deserves pitty, and therefore called in Latin miserere mei.

There is somtimes also a Feaver going afore or com∣ming after, or joyned with it.

Somtimes Convulsions and Palsies follow un∣known to the Ancients. They are general or in some par¦ticular parts, as we shewed in the Hindrance of Motion.

Also there is a vehement pain be∣low about the Pecten. * 1.320 Somtimes stretching with stoppage of Urin; of which we there spake. Somtimes burning with pricking and tearing, * 1.321 with redness and tumor outwardly, this is called the Inflammation of the Bladder; and then the belly is bound, and Urin stop∣ped, and a Feaver with its accidents, and Dotage also somtimes. After which follows pissing of matter, or hardness of the part.

There is another pain below that reach∣eth to the Hips and Loins, * 1.322 mentioned in the Hypochondriack pain, called the Pain of the Womb; and it is twofold. Either it is stretching in the Belly and Sides, usually in Women be∣fore their Courses break, or when they are stopped: And it is like the Colick, so that many times it is taken for it at the first. And it hath many sad accidents that follow in women, as we shewed in Suffocation of the Womb.

There is also a pain of the womb in women with child chiefly in the Groyns, like that of the Hips, only it is felt before and not behind, when the Leg is mo∣ved.

There is another pain of the womb in women not in travel, * 1.323 but after child∣bearing, not in the Privities, but in the bottom of the Belly, stretching it some hours or dayes, this is called the after birth-pain.

There is another burning, pricking, * 1.324 stretching, beating and tearing pain, called the Inflammation of the Womb before and after Child-bearing, it is like that of the Bladder inflamed, only it extendeth larger, with outward redness and tumor, binding of the Belly, and stoppage of Urin, and a Fea∣ver, which leaves behind it a sharp pricking pain, with voiding of matter by the neck of the womb; and hard∣ness somtimes, and Fainting, and other Hysterical ac∣cidents: As we shewed in other places.

The Causes.

The Diseases of the Nervous bowels in the Cavity of the Abdomen, cause these pains, that is of the Guts, Bladder and Womb in Women.

The Guts fill almost the whole Belly, * 1.325 and they being very sensible, the pain is great. They are thick or thin Guts, and the pain is distinguished according to the Gut. That which is in the thick Guts which come from the Colon, is called the Co∣lick, that in the Skin is called Iliack. And because the thin Guts are most about the Navel, the Iliack pain is more there. But because the thick Guts are placed a∣bout them, and reach from the right side to the left, as high as the Hearts lodge, down to the Fundament, the Colick is chiefly in them. The Diseases of the Guts that cause these pains are stretching or cold, or fleg∣mon Tumor, or burning, or disorder of the Guts, from their place.

Too much stretching of the Guts, * 1.326 especially with irritation, causeth pain; this comes from excrements and wind, when they fill too much, or stop, and cannot pass.

Somtimes excrements and wind are in great measure carried to the Guts, which fill and stretch, * 1.327 and cause pain; but if the passages are open it lasteth not, but goes away with rum∣bling, farting, belching or purging. This pain follows eating of raw Fruits, Crudities and taking of a Purge before it worketh. And it is worse when there is Cho∣ler, or other sharp Humors; as we shall shew in Diarrhaea.

Somtimes the excrements and wind stop in the guts, and cause pain, which is fixed somtimes in the part

stopped. Or else wandereth and is most where the Excrements and wind are most.

This pain is often in the thick Guts, * 1.328 which are full of thick Excre∣ments and wind, as in the great winding of the Colon on the left side in the begining of the straight Gut, when the Excrements stay in the crooked passage, and when they labor to get out the part seems to be bored or peirced, and there is a Tumor to be felt and the pain decreaseth when the Excrements go back, and increaseth when they return. This stoppage is from Excrements, which suddenly stop this crooked passage: or from dryness, hardness or toughness or slyminess of the same; which will not let them rise up, as we shewed in the causes of binding of the Belly.

Also in the Cells or hollows on the sides of the Colon that swel forth like a half circle, * 1.329 when the Excrements are hardned and dryed therein, they cause pain not only by weight and stret∣ching, but by stopping and hindering the others from coming forth; Especially if they have lien long. Also other hard bodies may do the same, if they get in, as stones of fruit or Chesnuts eaten (which have caused the Colick to my knowledg) with other hard meats, and binding of the Belly also. Also little bones taken from Hens Feet boyled, in one that eat many for a Diet, stuck long in the Guts of a Woman and caused the Colick, and after a Clyster, she voided abundance of them and was cured. Also I knew one that had the Colick from eating much Cheese, and voi∣ded it by Clysters, and also Mites or Cheese worms by Urin. Also Fernelius saith that he hath found by dissection, that the colon hath been almost closed up with flegm (if it were not some other Excrescens) and caused the Colick. And he writeth that in a certain Embassador there was a hard body bored through, in the passage of the Colon under the stomach, as appea∣red by the Tumor, which caused the Colick, which after six years he voided, being a foot long, and then was cured. This may come also from stones that breed in the Guts, which the same Fernelius saith he hath seen as big as Wall-Nuts or Chesnuts, and voided by stool. I once saw one Lump like a stone, so voided.

When the passage of the Excrements is stopped in the smal Guts, * 1.330 it causeth the Iliack pain, and this is rather in the straight passage over against the right Kidney, where they joyne to the thick Guts then any where else. Then there is that grievous pain called the Colick vulgarly, both in the right side, from the stop∣page, and in the smal Guts about the Navel, from the Excrements, and there is Costiveness, till Medicines take it away, and it so continueth till the obstruction is quite removed. And if the Excrements retained are Cholerick, or Evil, or Corrupt by long tarrying, and grown sharp, or malignant, the Guts will be twiched and the pain the greater. And although they som∣what provoke nature to void them by their sharpness, yet because they cannot be carried to the thick Guts, while the obstruction lasteth, the Belly continueth bound, but if the obstruction did not hinder them they being many, would cause a Diarrhaea or the Disease of Choler, or by sticking to the Guts a Dysentery rather then that Iliake passion, with costiveness. This they cannot do in the smal Guts, being shut up there, but they cause cruel pains, till the obstruction is removed. And from this choler long detained, come other great accidents as Jaundies, Fevers, and somtimes a Con∣vulsion, from consent of the Nerves and the like (as we shewed) It hapens also from the total stoppage of the straight passage of the Gut, or from neglect, or from its stubbornness that will not yeild to Medicines, that the Excrements are so gathered, that they return back to the stomach, and are vomited up with much detesta∣tion. Hence is the Disease called Ileus or Mise∣reremei.

The cause of this obstruction, whether it be easie or hard to be opened, may be hard tough Excrements; And a natural narrowness of the passage or a continual use of hot things, which dry the Guts and make them narrow there: Or hard meats, or hard bodies that breed there, as we shewed. As Fernelius sheweth that a Maid that had taken a Medicine of Quinces was stop∣ped found in the smal Guts that they break.

If the smal Guts are rowled toge∣ther in any other passages, * 1.331 so that the passage is stopt, then the Excre∣ments stop and the Wind, and hea∣ped together do stretch the Guts, and cause the Iliack pain called Con∣volvulus, in which when it is not far from the Duode∣num, they vomit their Excrements, and there is a wandring pain with rumbling about the Navil. The cause of this is Inflammation or wind when alone, or with other Excrements it fils the smal Guts, so that they are like puddings stretched and twisted, as we have seen. This can scarse be from wind alone, except there be obstructions from the causes mentioned, which hin∣der its passage, whereby the Guts are filled and twisted. Also the rowling or tying of the Guts, especially the smal from over exercise or from a fall upon the Belly, when the Stomach and Guts are full of Meat and Ex∣crements, if it be not carefully cured, will cause a dead∣ly Convolvulus: as it did in a Cousin of mine, who leaping over a Ditch, fel with his Belly against the fur∣ther banke, and the second day after vomited his Ex∣crements and dyed. In whose Body I sound the smal Guts tied in knots, and stretched with wind upwards, but empty beneath, when the Guts were put into their places, the wind broak forth by great farts. Another twisting may be from the failing of the smal Guts out the Cavity of the Peritoneum into the Cods in a Rup∣ture, when they stay long there and cannot be put up. The same Symptoms follow, only the pain is then in the Groyn, where the Peritonaeum or Caule is broken As shall be shewed in Ruptures.

Great cold in the Guts causeth tor∣ments, as in the Stomach. * 1.332 Either from outward cold, or from things taken in actually too cold, for the Stomach and Guts joyning to it, and colon that is adjacent. Also Clysters too cold, actually or poten∣tionally, may cause the same. The same may come from cold wind that comes from cold drink or crudi∣ties, which may cause pain by stretching, also if they be many. Also from a cold and crude humor, from sharp meats or fruits.

Although flegm be counted the chief cause of pain, yet it must be only that which is cold, as that called Glassie flegm, which being bred in the Guts, is very cold pierceth and knaws, other kinds of flegm can cause no great pain, either with their quantity or qua∣lity.

Inflammation of the Ileon, * 1.333 or in the smal Guts, causeth the Iliake pain, in the Colick or streight Gut

the Colick. And there is a fixed, inflamed, stret∣ching, beating pain, inwardly in the part with a Feaver and other accidents of Inflammation, with Costiveness, though when the thick Guts are afflicted, * 1.334 there is a vain Needing If the smal Guts are inflamed and the tumor is great, then by reason of their rowling together, because nothing can pass, the Excrements are vomited, this is the usual cause of Convolvulus, in which Tumor I have observed a little blewness. And if the Inflammation, Imposthume and break, matter is voided.

The cause of this Inflammation is blood sent from the Meseraicks into the substance of the Guts, by rea∣son of its plenty or thinness, or by reason of great pain or other hurt, wound or bruise.

Besides the flegmon or Inflamma∣on of the Guts, * 1.335 there may be a burning in the smal Guts causing the Iliack ra∣ther then Colick (though it be com∣monly so called) which is violent long and hath bad Symptoms, when the choler is not in the space within, but in substance of the Guts, as I know by long observati∣on and certain signs. And it infects them and corrod∣eth and burneth, as we shewed might be in the stomach and have found upon dissection, by a yellow spot after death both in the Stomach and Guts. This is the cause that the choller staies so long and so fast, and brings such lasting pains, that return, when they are abated and they are worse, when the choller is worse, and is so hot and so much that it causeth Erysipelas. Hence come grievous accidents, because the Guts are very sensible, being Nervous, and the other Nerves suffer therewith, especially when the choler gets to the Back∣bone and Marrow, where the Guts grow to it by the Mesenterie (as Fernelius saith he found it also Convul∣sions and Palsies, that may come from Choler and evil Humors in the Guts obstructed. From whence, as we may gather, that Choler is the cause, so may we conclude it from other signs of choler in the Urin and the like. And this Choler sticking fast to the Guts, cannot so soon get down, as that which is there from obstruction, and causeth a loosness, as it doth when it gets into the lower parts. Therefore in this case, and in the former from obstruction, though it come from Choler, the Body is not open, as in other Diseases, but bound.

This Choler somtimes coming from the Gall, as it may offend the substance of the Stomach, as I shewtd, so it may also offend the neighbor Guts, to which it is naturally carried. It comes often from evil chyle or two much juyce, and is mixed with the blood in the Meseraicks, being not sufficiently purged in the Gall, by reason of the great quantity and obstructions: when it is carried with the blood to the Guts, through the Meseraicks and Guts into the substance of them, as an Erysipelas. This being gathered and retained in the Meseraicks, causeth divers diseases, and especially fea∣vers (as we shewed) and being sent by nature to the Guts, except it be carried away by a Loosness or Diar∣rhaea through the mouths of the Vessels (which is usual) or by the bleeding of the Haemorrhoids; causeth great pains by infecting of the Guts. These pains are joy∣ned with other Diseases, when the Choler is in the Veins; as Iliake passions and other Diseases of Cho∣ler and Feavers; as I shewed, in intermitting Fea∣vers.

The Bladder lying in the lower part of the Belly before, causeth pain there, * 1.336 especially when it is ful and stretched forth. We shall speak of the Diseases of the Neck of the bladder elsewhere, For they cause pain in pissing. The Diseases that cause pain in the Bladder, are either distention that is stretching or Inflammation of the same.

The Urin is the chief cause of stretching of the Bladder, * 1.337 which when it is in great quantity retained, causeth a pain in the lower part of the Belly, with a swelling and stop∣page of Urin, of which we speak in suppression of Urin. This cannot come from wind, because it cannot get into the Bladder, though it may be bred there by the crudity of Urin long retained and cause a greater stretching. This Wind and Urin is sel∣dom seperated, for the frothing of Urin, when it is rendered or made, comes rather from the external Air, then any internal wind. This stretching cannot be from the stone, because it cannot grow so big, neither doth a stone cause pain in the Bladder, till it gets into the Neck thereof. And then because it hindereth pis∣sing, we shall speak thereof in the Chapter of painfull pissing.

If the Bladder be inflamed in the substance of it, * 1.338 it causeth a pain in the Privities, with redness and tu∣mor, also when the Bladder is wrap∣ped in the Caule, and the tumor is greater, when the Excrements and Urin want passage. This Inflammation somtimes turns to an Imposthume, and then for the time, the pain is yet greater, and when that is broken there is an Ulcer, and painful pissing of matter. Also this In∣flammation may leave a Scirrhus, such a one as I saw gtowing very large, in the Bladder of a Cow, that was broken by accident, and cured again. Also this In∣flammation, if it be not well cured, turns to a Gan∣graene. And I once saw a Bladder black within, when I opened a dead Fryar.

Some external accident, may cause this Inflamma∣tion of the Bladder, or pain from the stone, or an Ulcer to which Diseases an Inflammation is somtimes joy∣ned of the Bladder and Kidneys also, when the body is Plethorick and fit to receive it.

Because the Womb is in the same lower part of the Belly, * 1.339 and lyeth under the Bladder, and the bottome thereof, espe∣cially being stretched, reacheth into the Belly, the pains are alike in both. And because the Ligaments of the Womb, by which it hangeth, reach to the Hips and Loyns, they are pained also; and of them we shall here speak, but we have treated of the pains of the Neck of the Womb in its place. But all the pains of the Womb (in the bottom or Body or Ligaments thereof, some whereof reach to the Neck, as in the Bladder) come from stretching or from Inflamma∣tion.

The stretching pain in the bottom of the womb, * 1.340 comes chiefly from outward Cold taken in after Child∣bearing, while the inward Orifice of the womb is large and open, for want of keeping warm, by which means the Air gets in, and fills and stretcheth and weakneth it, and by cooling causeth

pain. This is called the pain after Child-bearing. At another time this pain cannot come from taking in of Air, because before Conception, the womb is smal and thick, and the cavity which is to be filled with Seed in time of Conception is very straight, and after concep∣tion also, when it grows bigger with the Child, the in∣ward Orifice is close shut, and the womb full. Nor from wind bred in the Body, because if it get into the straight cavity of the womb or breed there, it cannot so stretch the womb to cause pain, because it is very thick. Neither can water cause pain for the same reasons. Though some suppose that the womb may be like a bladder inlarged, and have an Inflammation from wind and water, as they call it. For though the womb be larger in some women by Nature, or by much moi∣sture which loosneth it, yet it cannot be so filled and stretched that pain may follow. And if the repletion be great, there will be rather a weight and heaviness then a pain, as it is when the Child is great, but the weight of the Child by stretching the Ligaments may cause a kind of pain, but it is in the Groins, and not in the Loins as we shewed. So then there is no other stretching pain of the womb but what is after Child-bearing, * 1.341 caused either from the substance of it, or from the Membranes and Vessels, by which it hangeth, but from Humors retain∣ed, and then it may reach to the sides (as we shewed in Hypochondriack pains) as when the courses are stopped, or disordered or foul. This foulness comes from foul blood and humors in women of evil habit, that want their Courses; which do so fill, stretch or provoke the part they that cause pain, especi∣ally when they are hot, and send up Vapors, and pro∣duce other Accidents, especially the suffocation of the womb, as we there shewed.

The Inflammation of the bot∣tom of the womb and neck also, * 1.342 causeth pain with divers accidents, as we shewed: This as that of the Bladder may leave an Impost∣hume, Ulcer, Scirrhus or Gan∣graen. And the cause external may be a Stroak or Bruise, or internal, abundance of blood about the womb, upon stoppage of the Terms, when they flow not into the neck, but into the substance of the womb, and cause Inflammation according to the diversity of the blood. * 1.343 And if the quality thereof be malignant it may cause a Cancer, which shall be mentioned in Diseases of the Neck of the Womb, be∣cause it is commonly in that part. The womb is chief∣ly inflamed from difficulty of De∣liverance, * 1.344 great pain and straining, either while the child or after birth remain, or after they are gone, which causeth a Feaver. And this Inflammation is rather the cause of many womens death, then the re∣tention of the after-burden, and the pain they have, comes from the Inflammation as well as from the Air that gets into it, and is then greater and more dangerous.

The Cure.

The Cure is different according to the part affected, and the variety of Causes, as the Bowels are stretched, cooled or inflamed by Blood or Choler. And is to be applied to the stretching or Inflammation of the blad∣der or womb.

The stretching of the Bowels from what cause soever, * 1.345 if it cause the Coe∣liack and Iliack pain, must be cured the same way, as also when it comes of Cold. And if it come from the abun∣dance of excrements and wind, with pain and rumbling; if they come forth as they use to do, by Fasting, Belching or a Flux, you must take the same course as in Diarrhaea.

If these Excrements cause a stoppage in the thick Guts, and so by stretching the Colick, it is easier cured then in the small Guts, especially when they are evil, and increase continually, for then Iliack passion which is so deadly, and hard to be cured, will return and cause Convulsions and Palsies, and the like, which though the pain cease, destroy the Patient. And if the stoppage be so hard that it cannot be opened, but the thin Guts are so full of Excrements, that they are sent back into the Duodenum, then follows the deadly con∣volvulus, or Spewing up of Excrements; or Iliack, or knots or tanglings of the Guts.

In all which cases (except when the Guts are knot∣ted, or an Iliack pain from a Rupture, for then you must rather look to the putting up the Gut, then to the Iliack Passion) the cure is by softning the Excrements, cleansing and bringing them forth, by loosning and ex∣pelling wind out of the belly, and by abating of the pain. And if Humors be cholerick, sharp or evil, they must be purged and allayed, not with cold and sharp, but with temperate Medicines: And the pain chiefly respected, with Narcoticks to prevent convulsions, and the like. If the pain come from glassie Flegm that cools the Guts, it must be purged and cut, and the coo∣led parts warmed; which will cure a simple Distem∣per. These things are done by the following means.

Clysters are the best in this case, because they go straight to the Guts, for if the cause be in the thick guts, they go to them; and if in the thin, their vertue reach∣eth thither by continuation and vicinity. They are made of Emollients to supple the hard Excrements, which cause pain by binding and holding in of the wind, and purgers that cleanse strongly, when there is great stop∣page by glassie Flegm in the Guts; also of warm things that expel wind, and comfort the Guts. And when there is great pain, they are made of Anodynes, and at length of Narcoticks. The quantity of these Clysters must be from a pint to a pint and half, beginning with less at the first, while the Guts are small, and so enlarg∣ing by degrees the Examples, whereof are these.

An emollient Clyster of a pint of Sallet-oyl and a little Butter or Grease, may presently be made.

Or this which provoketh a little. Take fat Broath of Tripes, or the like, and boyl therein Caraway seede, Bay or Juniper-berries a pugil, Butter or Oyl three ounces, Honey two ounces, with a little Salt make a Clyster.

Or thus; Take Mallows, Marsh-mallow roots and all, Spinage, Arach and Brank-ursine, each a handful; Lilly-roots two ounces, Chamomil and Melilot flowers, each a pu∣gil•• boyl them in fat Breath, add Butter or Oyl three oun∣ces, Hogs grease an ounce, Honey two ounces, and a little Salt.

A stronger to expel wind also. Take Mallows, red Coleworts, Mercury, Beets, Pellitory, each two handfuls; Penny-royal or Organ a handful and half, Beet roots two oun∣ces, Liquorish an ounce, Chamomil and Elder flowers, each a pugil; Bran a pugil, Foenugreek and Linseed, each an ounce; Caraway seeds half an ounce, Cummin seeds two drams, Figs ten; boyl them in Wine and Water, strain and add

Honey and brown Sugar, each an ounce; juyce of Mercury or Beets an ounce and half, Oyl of Nuts three ounces, Tur∣pentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Eg half an ounce, with a little Salt make a Clyster.

It is stronger in Cock broath, with Senna and Cartha∣mus seeds, each six drams; Polypody two ounces, or Mechoa∣can, or Briony, or Sowbread roots six drams, with Cummin-seed two drams, an ounce of Hiera piera, or Diacatholicon, or Benedicta, or Diaphaenicon, Jndum majus, Elescoph half an ounce, or an ounce of the juyce of Sowbread.

When the Obstruction or Binding is great, or when the Flegm is glassie and tough, stronger may be used, but not otherwise, least they increase pain; as three drams of Turbith or Agarick, and somtimes half a dram of Coloquintida in a clout, warily, least it burn the Guts, or three drams of Hiera Colocynthidos, Logadij, Rufi Her∣metis.

The best cleansing Clysters against Flegm, are made of Turpentine two ounces, with the Yolk of an Egg, Honey and Wine, or Oyl alone.

Or thus against wind: Take Boys urin six ounces, juyce of Pellitory four ounces, thick boyled Wine three ounces, Oyl of Rue two ounces, with two Yolks of Eggs and a little Salt, make a Clyster.

Some make Clysters of Spaw-waters to cleanse.

Strong Wine healeth, expels wind and pain, as Hip∣pocras and Claret a pint. If you fear the Hear, you may allay it. And if you will make it hotter, add two ounces of the Spirit of Wine.

Or thus to cleanse and abate pain. Take three quar∣ters of a pint of the best Wine, Oyl of Chamomil, Dill or But∣ter four ounces, Honey two ounces. This Clyster will set any purging Medicine a working; as we shewed in Cardialgia.

Or give true Hydromel, with Wine boyled and Su∣gar, or Mead, which will heat less, and cleanse more.

Or make a Clyster of Onion broath, and Oyl.

Or this hot Clyster to expel wind. Take Lilly and Marsh-mallow roots, each two ounces; Elicampane half an ounce, Bettony, Southernwood, Wormwood, Calamints, Hore∣hound, Rue, Organ, Penny-royal, Balm and Hedg-mustard three handfuls, Chamomil, Melilot, Rosemary, Lavender, Stoechas flowers, each two drams, Foenugreek and Linseed, each an ounce; boyl them in Wine and Water, add Honey of Rosemary two ounces, Oyl of Lillies and Sallet-oyl, each an ounce an half; Hiera picra and Electuary of Bay-berries, each three drams; with Salt make a Clyster.

In glassie Flegm it will heat more, if you add Roots of Pellitory, Calamus or Orris six drams, Centaury flowers a pugil, Gith seeds two drams, and an ounce of Honey of Squills, with two ounces of Wine, and a dram of Castor which is ve∣ry comfortable to the Guts, or half a dram of Euphorhi∣um, or Galbanum, or Opopanax, but Musk, Ambergrease or Civet, will not change the stink of the Excrements, and therefore are superfluous.

A special Clyster against wind. Take Organ, Rue, each a handful; tops of Rosemary, Stoechas, Lavender, each a pugil; Chamomil flowers two pugils, Bay and Juniper-berries, each an ounce; Caraway and Cummin seed, each half an ounce; Fennel seed two drams, Ameos, Parsley, Se∣sely, Carot or Rue seed, each a dram; boyl them in wine and water, add three drams of the Electuary of bay-berries, Hiera picra two drams, Honey of Rosemary an ounce, Oyl of Dill and Nuts, each an ounce and half; with Salt, make a Clyster.

A pint of Oyl of Rue, with two ounces of Sack is good.

An Anodyne mollifying Clyster: Take roots of Lil∣lies and Marsh-mallows, each two ounces; Mallow, Bettony, each a handful; Chamomil and Melilot flowers, each a pugil; Faenugreek and Lineseed, each an ounce; Crums of Bread four ounces, Caraway seed two drams, Aniseed a dram, boyl them in Tripe broath or Milk, add Butter two oun∣ces, Oyl of Dill an ounce and half, Goose grease an ounce, with two Yolks of Eggs make a Clyster. Some say that Wolfes dung is good in Clysters six drams.

Or Oyl of Olives, Walnuts, Acorns, Almonds, Lin∣seed, Jesamnie, or of Chamomil or Dill, are good Ano∣dynes in a good quantity, with the Mucilage of Foenu∣greek and Linseed two ounces, two Eggs, and half a dram of Saffron.

To cleanse and abate pain: Take Honey, Sugar, boy∣led Wine two or three ounces with Oyl.

Or thus: Take Oyl of Chamomil, or Dill and Barley∣cream, each half a pint; Sugar or Honey, or boyled Wine two ounces.

Narcoticks are given safest by Clysters; as Henbane or Mandrake leaves, or two drams of Philonium Romanum, or Requies Galeni, or Treacle and Mithridate, each half an ounce. And as you give Narcoticks at the mouth with Purgers, so you may add Philonium here to benedicta, and other purging Electuaries.

Six grains of Opium dissolved in Wine or Aqua vi∣tae, is excellent in a Clyster to take away pain.

Or half a scruple of Opium, half a dram of Castor, and a pint of Oyl of Rue or Dill.

Suppositories are good to provoke, alter and abate pain. Some give them to expel wind, which they can hardly do.

The common are of Honey and Salt, adding Hiera, Mouse-dung, Coloquintida.

They say that a Snakes skin rub'd upon a brass Ba∣son and burnt, is good to be put into the Fundament against the colick.

And to anoynt inwardly, with Juyce of Lettice and Opium; or with an ounce of Oyl of Dill, a scruple and half Castor, and a scruple of Opium, put in with wool, or any Suppository of Opium.

Purgers are useful, when Clysters are refused to re∣move the cause, and open the Belly, when the cause is high, but beware of strong, which will increase pain; they are good afore clysters, to draw the Matter down, as I do in colicks.

Purging Wines are best for the Guts, when clysters are refused, for they fetch the Excrements out of secret places, better then clysters. And I had rather use them for the Wines sake, that correcteth the Purgers, that they offend not the Stomach and Guts: we give Ex∣amples of them in the pain of the Heart.

This is best for the Guts: Take Grass roots and Fen∣nel roots, each six drams; Roots of Calamus, Elicampane, Masterwort, each half an ounce; dryed Citron peels and wormwood, each three drams; Marjoram, Calamints, Pen∣ny-royal, Groundpine, Rosemary flowers, red Roses, Chamo∣mil flowers, each two drams; Bay-berries three drams, Cara∣way and Smallage seed, each two drams; Fennel seed three drams, Senna two ounces, Agarick half an ounce, Turbith two drams (these are corrected by the wine) bruise and slice them for four pints of wine or more, give a Draught when the Belly is bound, of the Infusion or gentle De∣coction thereof.

This wine is good against Choler or sharp Humors. Take Succory roots an ounce, wormwood half an ounce, Vio∣lets and bugloss flowers, each a pugil; Aniseeds and Violet∣seeds, each two drams; Polypody an ounce and half, Senna an ounce, Rhubarb two drams, Spike half a dram: Use it as the former.

Or make a Decoction or Syrup of the same.

The Broath of an old Cock with coleworts loosneth the Belly, with a little caraway or Fennel seed against the wind.

Or thus: Take an old Cock after sighting, unbowel and stuff him with Mints, Marjoram, Time, Savory, each two handfuls; Chamomil and Rosemary flowers a pugil, Annis, Fennel and Caraway seeds, each half an ounce; Ga∣langal or Calamus three drams, Polypody, Mock-saffron, Senna, each an ounce; Tarter half an ounce, with Sal Gem or common Salt, boyl them in water to Halfes, as I she∣wed in Asthma, drink a good draught.

Or give Turpentine half an ounce, as in the stone, with Hiera Benedicta, or the like.

Or Cassia with Annis, Fennel or Caraway seeds, to loosen.

Also these Electuaries, Catholicon, Diaphaenicon, Indum, Majus, Elescoph, Hiera picra, or of eight or of fifteen things, Benedicta or the like, with a De∣coction of hot plants, with spiced wine.

Or gentle Pills of Hiera, of eight things, of Spices with half a scruple of Castor or stronger, if the binding be great, bewaring of coloquintida or Agarick or Tur∣bith for they twitch the Guts, when given in sub∣stance.

Two scruples or three of Tartar clenseth flegm, or cream of Tartar often washed and dryed again, as I use it, in the purging Decoctions of Senna, Bryony roots, black Hellebor, or the like.

Or that purging Pouder for the stone.

A Plaster of Sea spunge, seeds hulled and beaten with Wax, and laid to the Belly loosneth it.

To prevent; the Humors must be prepared before purging and to cure also.

They must be such as cut flegm, when it is cold and tough, as that with Glasses, as we shewed in Heart-ach, by Syrups, Waters, Decoctions.

Somtimes a Vomit prevents the Colick, and is good at the first, and in the Iliake, Choler-Vomiting, must not be stopp'd.

Oyl of Palma Christi drunk, doth the same and takes away pain.

Let the Dyet be thin and sparing in the fit and be∣fore, bewaring of crude, windy, hard or binding meat, and in the fit when the cause is cold, give hot cutting and discussing Spices; and strong wine without water or at least Spiced water with Cinnamon and Pepper, as in Cardialgia and weakness of Stomach. These hot Spices are not good, when there is Cholerick Excre∣ments. And wine must be given moderately, because it hurts the Nerves, and a Convulsion is feared; nor may sower things be allowed, though they temper cho∣ler, because they cause pain. If the Excrements are still hard, give moist fat Meats and Oyls and But∣ter.

When you fear the Convolvulus, give brown bread poyled and the water cast off, and made into a Pudding with Hogs grease or Butter.

Or a Lark roasted and eaten with Cock broath. Or the broath of an old Cock or of Snails.

Or Decoctions of Calamus grass, Elder, Calamints, Rue, Chamomil, Dill, Melilot or Rocket flowers, in Water or Cock broath, with Wine, Honey or Sugar. Some commend the Decoction of Southernwood, o∣thers Pellitory in Wine with sugar or Wormwood with Cummin seeds or Horse-radish, Wine and Sugar, and Seeds and Spices, as Calamus, Galangal, Nutmeg, Cloves infused or boyled gently in Wine with a little Saffron and Sugar, or those for a weak Stomach men∣tioned.

Also the juyce of Sulphurwort with an Egg.

Or blood of an Eele.

Or water wherein a Dears Pizle was washed.

Or four ounces of distil'd water of Herb Trinity, Dogs tongue; Elder or Broom flowers or flowers of Chamomil, Bean shales, or of Tizil, or of Cow dung, or a spoonful or two of Cinnamon water.

A Compound water: Take Ginger half a pound, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmeg, Zedoary, Galangal, each two ounces; Mastick half an ounce, bruise and infuse them in Wine, distil them and give two or three spoonfuls against wind, add two drams of Mints, Fennel and Anni∣seed, each half an ounce.

The Compound Aqua vitae mentioned in Heart-ach, from a cold cause, is good.

Oyls do good also by slipperyness and mollifying the Excrements, as Sallet Oyl well washed, if it be old and rancid six ounces to asswage pain, or Oyl of sweet Almonds, Nuts or Lineseed taken alone in a good quantity, or with broath, to which Oyls you may add Sugar and Sack the third part, or two drams of Aqua vita, or other distilled waters.

An excellent Remedy: Take Oyl of sweet Almonds, or Salet Oyl for Poor people four ounces, of the best Sack an ounce and an half, syrup of Poppy half an ounce.

Oyl of bitter Almonds, and of Peach kernels are good against the Colick and Iliake, as well against the Stone to be drunk, also Oyl of Bayes, with some drops of the Chymical Oyls of Cinnamon, Cloves or Mace.

Some commend the Oyl of Turpentine or Vitriol, above the rest.

And six drops of the Sky colour'd Oyl of chamomil flowers newly drawn, which is better, when made of Roman chamomil.

There are also good pouders mentioned in cardial∣gia from a cold cause, or from wind, or weakness of the Stomach, which are good in this Disease.

Dioscorides and others use a dram of these following in Pouder with wine, broath or otherwise, as of cala∣mus, Orris, Masterwort, Sallowwort, Squils, with Dit∣tany, Birthwort, Eryngus, Piony, wild parsley, Ros∣mary roots, wild Mints, garden Mints, wild Bettony, Groundpine, herb trenity, wild Laurel, Sea purslane, Spiderwort, cudweed, Wintercresses, Fleabane, Rose∣mary, pennyroyal, Laurel; also of the flowers of petty Mulline, also pouder of the seeds of Ameos, parsley, caraway, cummin, carrots, Annis, Fennel, Seseli, Lovage, Fennel-Gyant, Basil, water Mints, coleworts, Momor∣dica, Almonds, peach kernels, Bay and Juniper berries and the pouders of all Spices and Saffron.

Also pouder of Orange peels, black Ivy seed and ripe Rose seeds and Sagapenum, or Wax given in broath, which is the experiment of Dioscorides and o∣thers. Also pouder of Amber and Jet.

Also the stomach of a hedg-Hog or Hens Gizard, or Cocks for men, the inward Skin, Wolfs guts, Harts Pizle, Colt stones, and young Harts-horn, bones of Hogs feet burnt, white Hen dung, white Dogs dung, or Wolfs dung in pouder, with a little Cinnamon or Angelica root for the scent.

There are also Compound Pouders, besides those in Cardialgia or Heart-ach, made of the things men∣tioned, with a little Pepper, Cummin seed. and Myrrh.

Also the Roots and Herbs mentioned are good in Conserves and Candies.

Also Horse radish candyed and given with Mulberry leaves, and the stones of Medlars.

Or two drams of the Electuary of Bayberries against wind, its made of Rue, Mints, Organ, Bayberries, Ameos, Cumen, Lovage, Caraway, Carot seeds, bitter Almonds, Pepper long and black, Castor, Sa∣gapenum, Opoponax and Honey.

But the Castor and Rue, make that unpleasant, there fore give this: Take Bay berries an ounce, Mints, Mar∣joram, Rosemary tops, each two drams; Rue, Organ, each a dram and an half; Fennel, Caraway, Ameos, Lovage seed, each a dram; Cummin seed half a dram, Pepper and Gin∣ger, each a scruple; Sagapenum dissolved in Wine a dram, Castor half a dram, with a pound of Honey or Sugar, make an Electuary.

Also Diacuminum, Dianisum, Diagalanga, Diacala∣minthes, Diatrionpipereon, and the rest mentioned in Heart-ach, are good here in Electuaries or Lozen∣ges.

In great pain of the Guts, we give Narcoticks, that presently give ease, when all things else fail, and we repeate them as the pain returns. These ingeniously used do no hurt but good, by abating pain, causing sleep, and preserving strength, by which the Physitian is credited, moreover by provoking sweat (as I shew∣ed) they take away much of the cause of the Dis∣ease.

Also we give Antidotes called Opiates for the same, which do good in two respects, when the Humor is evil and venemous, as Treacle and Mithridate and Tri∣phera Magna, and the like; the quantity of two drams, that the Opium may work: or we give a dram with a grain or two of Opium.

The Antidote of Philo the Physitian of Tarsus menti∣oned by Galen, is the best, made of Opium, Henbane∣seeds, with hot things, and correcters of Opium, as Ca∣stor (instead whereof Galen useth Euphorbium) also with Musk, Pepper, Pellitory root, Spike, Saffron and Honey. To this composition, some add other hot things, to expel Wind and leave out the Musk; as Wood-cassia, Cinnamon, Zedoary, Costus, Doroni∣cum, Smallage, Fennel, Carot and Alisander seed; this is called the great Roman Philonium. The Arabians as Hamech and Rhasis, add other things to expel wind, as Rue, Mints, Bay-berries, Ameos seed, Gith and cum∣min seed, and Mandraks. We use this Anodine of Philo when there is great pain to be allayed, but Philonium Romanum, or of Rhasis when there is need of more heat to discuss wind; we give from two scruples to a dram, as we have the strength thereof by Experience. There is another Antidote to allay pain, called Requies. These work better with wine taken with them, or presently after them, which is Narcotick (as I shewed) and we mix them with other Cordials.

Many other Narcoticks are made with Opium, some are unpleasant with castor. The chymists commend their Laudanum: In making of which new, (because opium hurts not by cold, as some without reason suppose, but by a hidden quality, and by the great quantity by which the Brain and Nerves are stupefied) you must see that it be diligently mixed through the whole body of the Medicine, that one dose have not more Opium in it then another. And make tryal at first with a small dose. In this you must be more accurate then in the correction, by hot things (except the stomach be cold or windy) for if Opium stupefie by cold, those things will hinder its operation. Therefore, if leaving out those hot things, you only add to Opium those that correct its evil scent and bitter rast, and so give it in a small quantity, it is safe, as I have often experienced with good success. How this may be done, I shall give you some presidents.

Narcotick Pills instead of Philonimm: Take Opium a scruple, white Henbane seeds two scruples, Pepper two drams, Castor half a dram, Saffron a scruple, dissolve the Opium in Sack, and make a Mass; dry it, and then pou∣der it, and make a Mass of it, with syrup of Poppies. First give half a scruple, and try it, then advance if you think fit, or decline in quantity.

An opiate Electuary for the Heart and Stomach al∣so. Take species Diambrae, or Diamoschi, or Aromatici moschati two drams, Cinnamon a dram and half, red Sanders half a dram, Sugar four ounces, Opium dissolved in Wine two drams, Oyl of Cloves, or of Cinnamon some drops, with syrup of Quinces or Citrons make an Electuary: Give half a dram at first to try it.

You may make Troches of the same with Gum tra∣ganth, and give the same quantity.

Or thus more pleasant: Take Opium two drams, in∣fuse it in three ounces of Wine, after it is dissolved and of∣ten stirred, and settled again, pour off the clear Liquor, and filter it, then add Sugar two ounces, Cinnamon two drams, Musk half a scruple, with Gum Traganth make Troches: Give half a scruple for a tryal.

Many other Narcoticks are good here also, as Syrup of Poppies, only we here speak of such as properly help the Guts.

We often mix Narcoticks with purging Medicines in this Disease, as in the Stone and Heart-ach, to loo∣sen the Belly, and take away pain also, because one doth not hinder the operation of the other; as I have often experienced. Nor doth Treacle, (though Ga∣len think otherwise) stop the purging of Medicines. Therefore Rhasis when he desired to purge and take a∣way pain together, mixed Diagredium with his Philo∣nium.

Dioscorides bids the Belly be washed with Sea-water in fits of the Colick; or with any salt water.

Or apply Aqua vitae with a clout to the Belly.

Or Oyl of chamomil, Dill or Nard, with a Felt.

Or sit in Oyl, or Oyl and Milk.

Or thus; Take warm Oyl and Butter half a pound, Tur∣pentine dissolved with two Yolks of Eggs two ounces, Saffron a dram, with Stuphes or Clouts, apply it to the Belly.

Or in a Decoction of Anodynes and Expellers of wind, as we shewed in the Stone. As of Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Penny-royal, Organ, Calamints, Mints, Wormwood, Southernwood, Rue, Sage, Bayes, Chamomil, Melilot flowers, Dill, Elder, Rosemary, Stoechas, Lavender flowers, Foenugreek, Linseed, ca∣raway, cummin, Fennel seed, Bay and Juniper-berries, more or less; with Orris root, citron peels, Mugwort and Rue seed, Gith, Seseli, Smallage, with cloves, Schaenanth, Spike, with Sulphur vivum and Salt-pe∣ter. Boyl all in water and wine, with a little Vinegar to make it pierce, or Oyl to allay pain. Somtimes boyl it in water and oyl, or in Bath or Spaw-waters, if you have them.

Anoynt with Anodyne, hot Oyls, as of Olives, Nuts, Almonds, Bayes, chamomil, Dill, Rue, Spike, Lillies, Wall flowers, Elicampane; or with Oyl of Lillies of the Vallies, which is chiefly provided against pains in chil∣dren, adding somtimes these hotter, as oyl of castor, Eu∣phorbium, Pepper, Petroleum, Spike.

Or anoynt with the Grease of Mountain or Field Mice.

Or thus; Take Oyl of Chamomil and Rue, each an ounce; Oyl of Spike half a dram, Galbanum dissolved in A∣qua vitae six drams: make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Oyl of Chamomil and Dill, each an ounce and half; Narde-oyl and of Rue, each an ounce; Oyl of Spike half a dram, Sack or juyce of Mints two ounces, Hens grease and Butter, each an ounce; Pouder of Galangal two drams, Cloves, Nutmeg, each a dram; Spike, Gith seed, each half a dram; with wax make an Oyntment. You may add other Spices, also Turpentine and Mastich, or apply Species to the stomach, as Diagalanga.

Or, Take Oyl of Nutmeg or Mace by expression, and mix it with Oyl of Cloves, or the like. Or for the rich with Civet, Musk, Ambergrease, or the Algalea of Holle∣rius dissolved in Oyl de Been, or of sweet Almonds.

Or the Oyntment of Agrippa or Dialthaea.

Also the cawle of a Kid or Lamb or Calf or Heifer, broyled till it melt, and applied to the Belly hot; this is excellent for children: It is better fryed with Oyl of Rue, or the like, and sprinkled with cummin seed or cloves.

Some apply Leaven to the Belly.

Or Goats or Ox dung sprinked with wine, cummin, Bay-berries, and a little Honey.

Or an Emplaster of Soap, Butter, or Oyl and Salt.

Or the Plaster of Bay-berries made of Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, Bay berries, cypress berries, costus and Honey.

Or Wheat flower, or Barley, or Orobus, Foenugreek or Linseed, with Grease, Butter, or Oyl and Honey.

Or Pellitory, Celandine, the great Mints, Rue brui∣sed with Honey and Wine, or boyled; and oyl and meal added for a Pultis, with Cummin seed.

Or Juyce of Henbane or Tobacco mixed with meals mentioned, or the Herb bruised or fryed.

Or burnt Nuts shells, and all added to the former.

Or apply bags hot and dry, or wet with wine or A∣qua vitae. made of Milium parched, Bran and Salt, with Caraway seeds, Chamomil flowers, Bay leaves or bar∣berries.

If from the great pain you fear Inflammation, open a Vein in full bodies, otherwise it is not good in this case, because nothing can be taken out of the Meseraiks thereby.

A great Cupping-glass that will compass the Navel, is good against wind, if applied with Heat to the belly, especially if it be first laid in hot wine, or anoynted with juyce of Garlick.

And in other cases, it is good to apply it a little be∣low the pained part.

Wind also may be drawn out by a clyster syringe, and a clyster set on work by drawing it.

The Amulets are a Girdle to the naked belly, made of the guts of a wolf, or skin of a wolf girt with the hair next to the belly; or a Navel-stringe dryed and kept for this purpose.

Or apply a young wolves skin, or the dung of a wolf.

Or a Nut-shell fill'd with Quick-silver, and hang'd a-about the Neck to the belly, is good to prevent, or which is thought rare, the little bone of the outmost joynt of the right wing of an old Crow; killed in the time of his kawing.

Or Wolfes dung in a Nut-shell, and they say it is better when the string that it is tyed about the Neck which is made of buff, or a thread of sheeps wool, but this sheep must be first kill'd by a wolf forsooth. There are many more which we wilfully omit.

If the Iliack or Colick come from Inflammation, * 1.346 Heat or Erysipelas of the Guts, or be in the small guts from blood, so that the Excrements are vo∣mited up. It is deadly in old men, and in the thick Guts it is dangerous, when the Urin is stopt.

If the substance of the Guts be hot from choler or E∣rysipelas, the Iliack is dangerous, and causeth convulsi∣ons sooner, and worse then when the choler is in the cavities of the Guts obstructed. In these cases when blood or choler is carried to the substance of the Guts, proceed thus.

Let blood in the Inflammation especially if there be a Feaver in the Arm, but if the Inflammation be below and the Urin stopped, bleed in the Foot. And in an Erysipelas when the pain is great, a little bleeding can do no hurt.

A cooling Clyster also is to be given in great Infla∣mations. As, Take Marsh-mallow roots two ounces, Vio∣lets, Mallows, each a handful; Flowers of Chamomil half a pugil, water-lillies a pugil, Roses a pugil, Linseed and Flea∣bane seed, each two drams; cold Seeds half an ounce, Aniseed two drams, add Cream and Butter an ounce and half, Goats grease an ounce, Oyl of Roses at first, or Violets after, two oun∣ces Oyl of sweet Almonds against the pain an ounce, Honey of Roses an ounce and half, Manna or Cassia an ounce. Some boyl sour Apples therein, and in the Declination, they add Oyl of Chamomil, Dill, Lillies.

In choler thus: Take of the Emollients, each a hand∣ful; Barley and Bran, each a pugil; Figs and Prunes, each ten; Chamomil and Melilot flowers, each a pugil, Linseed and Foenugreek seed, each half an ounce; Fleabane and Quince seeds, each two drams; Mallow seeds a dram, boyl and add Goose or Hens grease an ounce, Butter or Oyl an ounce and half, Oyl of Water-lillies and Violets, each an ounce; of Lillies half an ounce, Honey or Sugar of Violets an ounce and half: make a Clyster.

If you will have it purge, add Polypody an ounce and half, or Senna half an ounce, the Electuary of the juyce of Roses half an ounce, or Diacatholicon an ounce.

In both cases, use Astringents, as Plantane, Sumach, Roses, when you fear an Ulcer which follows an In∣flammation or Erysipelas, the cure of this ulcer is men∣tioned in Dysentery.

A Clyster of the Broath of an old cock, with the e∣mollient Herbs is good.

And of new Milk with Sugar, with the white of an Eg, and Mucilage of Fleabane an ounce.

Or of Milk, or an Emulsion of Almonds, or Barley∣cream, with sweet Butter, Sugar and Honey.

Or of Anodynes when the pain is great, such as were mentioned, being temperately hot.

Give only gentle Loosners, if Clysters may not be given; as Syrup of Violets, Roses, the Decoction of Fruits, Raisons, Prunes, Sebestens, Violets, with Rhu∣barb or Cassia; and other Loosners not too hot.

Let the Diet be such as in Inflammations internal, and in cholerick Diseases, and give no Wine, for fear of a convulsion.

Let it be of things that properly help the Guts, which are not too hot; and Anodyne, and also Narcotick at last, mixed with Purgers.

In both cases anoynt with Oyl of Violets, sweet Al∣monds, chamomil, Dill, with Butter and Mucilage of Seeds of Foenugreek and Line, Quinces, and with Fats.

Also use a sweet Bath and a Fomentation made of the clyster and Ingredients.

And a cataplasm of the residents of the clysters, and of Barley-meal, Lime and Foenugreek seed, with But∣ter, Fats and Oyls.

It is good in the Iliack, to apply cupping-glasses with Scarification, in an Inflammation to the Groins.

And Amulets mentioned.

If from tumbling or leaping, * 1.347 or a Fall upon the Belly the Guts be knotted, and the Excrements stopt, so that they begin to be vomited up, you must cut open the belly by way of Longitude, where the pain or tumor is, and so skilfully place the the Guts in order again. This is the last and only Re∣medy.

If stretching of the Bladder and Womb cause pain, * 1.348 we spake of that in the Bladder in the stoppage of Urin, if the stone cause it: we spake thereof in painful Pissing.

If the Womb be stretched by wind or cold external after birth, let the woman be kept very warm, and bound with a rouler below.

If it continue, use Medicines for the womb that are hot.

But if the pains of the womb come from evil humors about the Vessels and Ligaments, such as go before, or follow the stoppage of the Terms; or such as is after, they cease by reason of age and foulness: Then first purge away the filth, and make the courses come, as we shewed. The remedies are the same for pains in the womb as for the Guts, when we desire to heat and expel wind. These hot remedies that expel wind and are anodyne, are mentioned in the Pains of the Guts, and are proper for pains in the womb, when they come after Birth, from cold Air, and continue long, or be joyned with other cold Distempers of the Womb. And because that the Womb and Guts are refreshed with hot things the things that provoke the Courses are to be allowed. Hence it is, that because they observed that hot remedies agreed with both the Womb and Guts, they supposed that these pains of the womb came from Cold, but they agree with the womb for other causes mentio∣ned, and the rather, when those remedies which heat the Guts, and discuss wind, and asswage pain, are mix∣ed with things proper for the Womb, otherwise the Womb-medicines differ little from those of the Bo∣wels; but use them as followeth, and they will better help the pain of the womb. Hence it is that they cal∣led the Pains of the Guts, the Pains of the Womb in both Sexes, Men and Women: And gave things that they observed good for the Guts, for the Womb. These remedies being hot, and expellers of wind, and Ano∣dynes, are chiefly good against pains of the Womb, when they come after Child-bearing, from cold Air, and are joyned with other Diseases.

Bleeding will do little good, except in the Foot to provoke the Courses, or for other Evacuations in ano∣ther part.

The same Purges prescribed for pains of the Guts, are good here. And because Turbith doth trouble the Guts, and cause pain, it must be given for the Womb, from a dram to four scruples in pouder, with a scruple of Gin∣ger, and a little Cinnamon and Sugar, in Nutmeg-water.

Also the Clysters against Pains in the Guts are good here, whether emollient, pricking, heating or expellers of wind, because they go to the straight Gut, and there heat the Womb, which is joyned unto it, especially if you add some Womb-herbs thereunto.

As thus: Take Mugwort, Calamints, Penny-royal, each a handful; Chamomil and Melilot flowers, and Dill tops, each a pugil; Aniseed six drams, Foenugreek and Linseed half an ounce, Bran a pugil, boyl and add Honey of Rose∣mary an ounce, Oyl of Wall flowers three ounces, Benedicta laxativa and Hiera simplex, each half an ounce; red Sugar an ounce, with a little Salt make a Clyster.

Another; Take Oyl of bitter Almonds six ounces, Goose grease two ounces, Turpentine dissolved with two Yolks of Egs half an ounce, give it in Chicken broath.

Mugwort-water is as good for the womb as the guts. And Oyl of bitter Almonds drunk in a good quantity. Some give Oyl of Scorpions. And the juyce of Horse dung alone, or with Wine.

Decoctions to be drunk hot alone, or with Sugar, or Honey and Cinnamon.

The first: Take Schaenanth two drams, boyl it in Mug∣wort-water, give it hot at twice, or a Decoction of Spike, or two drams of both, for four times.

Another: Take Motherwort half an ounce, Nutmeg two drams, boyl them in white Wine: Give it at twice.

A third: Take Juniper-berries two drams, Anise and Ca∣raway seed, each a dram; boyl it in Wine, give it.

A fourth: Take Motherwort six drams, Roots of De∣vils bit half an ounce, Juniper-berries two drams, Aniseed half an ounce, Caraway and Carot seed, each a dram; Nut∣meg half an ounce, Schaenanth and Spike, each a dram; boyl them in Wine, strain it, sweeten it, for three or four doses.

The Infusions mentioned for weak Stomachs, and others in Wine and Aqua vitae, are here good.

And the things given in substance, as follow.

Mints, or great Balm called Greek Mints, is good in Broath or Drink, or Cakes, and Juniper-berries.

Also Pouder of the Roots of Masterwort, Zedoary, Gentian a dram, or a dram and half with Wine.

Another Compound Pouder: Take Roots of Mo∣therwort half an ounce, of Masterwort and Devils bit, each two drams; of white Dittany, Zedoary, Gentian, each a dram; Juniper-berries a dram and half, Aniseed two drams, Carot, Ameos, Cummin seed, each a dram; Schaenanth two drams, Mace, Spike, each a dram; Ginger, Pepper, each half a dram, Saffron half a scruple: make a Pouder, give a dram in Wine, or add a double quantity of Sugar, or make Lozenges, or an Electuary with Honey.

Diacyminum is good in pains of the Womb, and Dia∣margaritum calidum, when there is Weakness.

A pleasant but good Pouder: Take Cummin seed in∣fused in Aqua vitae and dryed a dram, Ameos and Ginger, each half a dram; Castor a scruple, give a dram with wine.

Or a dram of the Jaws of a Trout poudered in Wa∣ter of Chamomil, is excellent when the pain is before the Courses.

Rondeletius saies that the Pouder of a dryed Secun∣dine or After-birth, cureth the pains after Child-birth. And because other Beasts eat them, they have no such pains; and he saith that he took it from his Bitch after she had whelped, and she presently had pains.

Pills; Take Opopanax, Sagapenum, each a dram; Ca∣stor, Gentian, each half a dram, Spike a scruple, Saffron half a scruple, with syrup of Mugwort make Pills: Give half a dram, or a dram.

In great Pains, give Opiats as in the Colick, espe∣cially Triphera magna, proper for the Womb, a dram and half with Wine, or Mugwort-water, with Mace a scruple, and Saffron half a scruple in pouder.

Or give Treacle, and a little Castor therewith.

Foment, make Baths for the Feet, proper for the Womb, with Decoctions of Herbs, Seeds and Spices; as chiefly for the Womb, Mugwort, Motherwort, Bayes, Balm, Nip, Costmary, Grapes, Savin, great Celandine, Swallow-wort roots, Wall-flowers, Misle∣to of the Oak, Carot seed, and the like.

Or bags mentioned in Pain of the Guts.

Anoynt also with Oyls, as that of Bayes, Wall flo∣wers, Orris, Lillies, Water-lillies, Nard, Elder.

Or use Oyntments, with Oyls and Juyces of Herbs and Gums, or Plaisters, as that of Bay-berries.

Or Cataplasms of the Plants mentioned, and Lillies and Onyons boyled, mixing Oyls: or that of Cow dung, and Cummin seed, with Honey and Wine, or with Henbane, if the pain be great.

Use also Injections made of Decoctions and Juyces of Plants, but they reach but to the neck of the womb, and therefore cannot take away pain, nor Pessaries, ex∣cept it be by provoking the Terms.

But Fumes or Smoaks go into the Womb, therefore they are better then Injections, if they be taken into the Body, from a Decoction.

Also sweet things of Musk and Ambergrease, put in∣to the womb, refresh it.

And rubbing of the Feet from the Thighs down∣wards: Cupping-glasses applied to the Hips cause di∣version.

The Inflammations of the Womb and Bladder, * 1.349 if they cause pains in the lower part of the Belly, by reason of the joyn∣ing together of these parts are cured alike, as we shall here shew.

Inflammations are very dangerous in parts so exquisitely sensible, especially in the womb, when it is inflamed from hard travail, which causeth many Women to die in Child-bearing. Also if an Inflammation be in the Bladder from an Ulcer or Stone, it endangers the Patient. In both, if there be an Ulcer or Scirrhus caused by it, the case is, difficult, and if a Gangraene follow, death is at the door.

The cure of both Inflammations is as of others, by revelling or drawing by the matter when it first flow∣eth to the part, by repelling or driving back, and by a∣bating the Heat, and presently (after the Flux is cea∣sed) by consuming and discussing it. And if these In∣flammations produce other Diseases, as is usual in the Neck of the Bladder and Womb; they shall be spoken of in their places: But you must do as followeth a∣gainst the Inflammations.

First open a Vein in the Arm to revel, and then in the Foot to derive, in both cases, except there be any hinderance, as a Flux in Women in Travail, in or after a mischance.

Use Scarification and Cupping to the Thighs and Buttocks. But in the Inflammation of the Womb, if the Terms flow too much, scarifie and cup the parts a∣bove.

Give Clysters to open the Belly, cool, and abate pain; and they are good at the first. For being given in at the straight Gut, they communicate their vertue to to the womb and bladder, to which they are closely seated.

They must be such Clysters as are mentioned for the Inflammation of the Kidneys and Guts: And such as abate pain, being made of Milk, to which when we wil cool to some purpose, we add Juyce of Nightshade, Violets, Mallows, and the like.

Apply outwardly Remedies before and behind, first Coolers and Repellers, but not strong Astringents, as in other Inflammations, least Hardness follow: After∣wards in the increase, we add Dissolvers, which we use at the conclusion alone: And if it tend to Suppurati∣on, we use Ripeners.

A cooling and somwhat repelling Cataplasm. Take Roots of Marsh-mallows, two ounces, Plantane, Shepheards∣purse, Teazel, Vine leaves, and Violet leaves two handfuls; boyl and stamp them, add Meal of Barley and Lentils three ounces, Fleabane seed half an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces, make a Cataplasm.

Or eight ounces of the Decoction distilled Water or Juyce of the said Plants, with an ounce and half of Vi∣negar, is a good Epithem for the same: And it will be stronger with half an ounce of Bole, or Sanguis Dra∣conis.

An Oyntment: Take Oyl of Violets an ounce and half, Oyl of Roses, or Myrtles, each an ounce; add two ounces of juyce of Nightshade, or of the Plants mentioned, and an ounce of Vinegar, and boyl them in the Oyls, or make them up with Turpentine. You may add Bole also to make it more astringent.

A Cataplasm to be used in the increase of the disease. Take Marsh-mallow roots three ounces, Lilly roots an ounce, Housleek, Plantane, Nightshade and Endive two handfuls, Chamomil, Melilot flowers, each a pugil; Figs and Dates, each six pair; boyl and stamp them, add Bean flower, and of Paenugreek and Linseed, each two ounces; Oyl of Roses two ounces, Oyl of Lillies an ounce, Saffron a dram.

The Cerot of Galen made of Housleek, is good.

Or this Oyntment in the progress of the Disease. Take Oyl of Chamomil an ounce and half, Oyl of Lillies and Rosemary and Linseed, each half an ounce; juyce of Housleek and Sowthistle, each an ounce; Mucilage of Foenu∣greek an ounce and half, Conies grease an ounce, Saffron half a dram, with Wax make an Oyntment.

You may use Fomentations also when there is pain, with the Decoction of Henbane, and other Herbs mentioned.

An anodyne Cataplasm: Take Crumbs of Bread half a pound, boyl them in Milk, add two or three Eggs beaten, Mucilage of Linseed and Fleabane, each an ounce; Butter or Oyl of sweet Almonds three ounces, Saffron half a dram.

In the declination of the Disease, use digesting Plai∣sters, as of Melilot, Marsh-mallows, Diachylon, with Orris, and the like.

Or this: Take Bdellium, Galbanum, Opopanax, each half an ounce; Storax two drams, dissolve them in juyce of Motherwort and Chamomil, with a little Aqua vitae, and make a Cataplasm.

A Bath in the Declination to take away the residue, is made of Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Lillies, Flowers of Chamomil, Melilot, Elder, Rosemary, Seeds of Line and Foenugreek. And if the Womb be troubled, of Marjoram, Motherwort, Mugwort, Penny-royal, Wall-flowers, Agnus castus, Spike or Schaenanth.

If it will not be digested, bring it to maturation with this cataplasm. Take Wheat flower four ounce; Meal of Barley and Linseed, each two ounces; Figgs six pair, boyl them in Milk, and bruise them, add three Yolks of Eggs, and Hens grease two ounces.

Or use Ripeners mentioned against other Diseases.

Injections, because they come not easily to the blad∣der in men, and cannot be without pain to both Sexes in the use of the catheter, cannot be in the time of In∣flammation, but when the Urin is stopped, to open the passages of which we spake.

And because the body of the womb, by reason of the straight orifice, will not admit Injections; they are not profitable, except but by what they do outwardly to the neck or bottom of the womb, being inflamed.

And then use the Decoction of the Herbs mentioned for a cataplasm, or the waters, or Juyces of them, to re∣pel at first, and in the progress, use the Decoction of the cataplasm, which we prescribed to be used in the in∣crease.

Or make a Pessary for women, of the Herbs beaten up with Meal.

Pain chiefly requires Injections, as of Milk, and whites of Eggs beaten with Oyl of Henbane, or a little Opium, or of a Decoction of Poppy or Henbane seed, or Marsh-mallow seed, or the Juyce of it, or other nar∣coticks mentioned in Pain of the Belly.

Or Triphera Saracenica.

In the Declination make Injections of things that take away the residue, and soften to prevent Scirrhus, as of Galbanum a dram and half, dissolved in Oyl of Lillies, or Wall flowers an ounce, Storax a dram Marjoram water four ounces.

Or: Take the Decoction of wild Time four ounces, and add the ashes of Mans bones, and two ounces of Balm-water: make an Injection.

Or this Pessary: Take Galbanum, Storax, each a dram; Labdanum half an ounce, Coney, Goose or Ducks grease e∣nough, make a Paste, and put it in a silk bag.

Also a Fume of Sagapenum, Storax, Benjamin, will consume the refidue.

Give Lenitives in both Inflammations, as Prunes cassia, Syrup of Violets, Roses, Whey; and no stron∣ger till the Declination.

Give coolers in Diet, as cool Herbs and Water, and Syrups, Waters and conserves that cool, mentioned in Feavers.

And things to provoke urin by a cleansing moisture, as Emulsions of the cold Seeds, Decoction of Pease or Whey.

CHAP. XIIII. Of the Pain of the Privities.

The Kinds.

THe pain of the Privities is divers, in respect of the Sex (we have spoken of the outward pains in their place.)

The pains inwardly in the Yard, being in the passage to the Bladder, * 1.350 which is for the Piss and Seed, and chiefly in the time of pissing, with discharge of Matter, with great straining, shall be spoken of in things sent forth. And the pain in the Codds or Inflammation, be∣cause it appears outwardly, shall be spoken of in the Ex∣ternals, as if there be a pain and tumor from a Rupture in Ruptures.

The pains in the Privities of Wo∣men, * 1.351 are either where the two passa∣ges of the Bladder, and neck of the womb appear, or deeper, and are divers, either with Heat or Ulcer.

This pain is either with Inflamma∣tion only, * 1.352 or with a Tumor, and that which is in the bottom of the womb is most usual, of which we spake in pains of the Belly. This Inflammation is apparent, and turns somtimes into an Imposthume, Scirrhus, or Gan∣graen.

There is another pain with heat and tumor, * 1.353 in the Cancer of the womb, more usual and apparent, then that in the Body of the womb. In which there is a tumor at the first as in other Causes, with a lit∣tle pricking onely, and then increasing by degrees, it grows heavy and troublesom with burning; and at length it ulcerateth, and turns to a Carcinoma, and then there is a venemous Humor and Blood flowing from the womb, with other great accidents.

The third Pain is called Condylo∣ma, * 1.354 and is with heat and swelling, or excrescens within the womb: It is worse when there is an Inflammati∣on. This is somtimes both in the Privities and Funda∣ment, and in the Fundaments of Men, of which in its place.

A tearing or pricking pain is called the Ulcer of the womb, * 1.355 and it is either inwardly, or more outwardly, and may be touched, and increased by Medicines, or Copulation. And then blood, or thin mat∣ter comes forth: Or thick white concocted, not stinking, or it is crude, and waterish, or green, yellow, or black, and the same matter is sometimes pissed forth. And we have known it come forth of the Fundament, and Excre∣ments come forth of the womb: and some have observed it is in the Bladder or Panch. What kind of Ulcer it is, whether Excoriation onely, or a profound deep Ulcer, whether creeping, or with swollen Lips, hard, or turned in; it may be seen or felt, or else if deep, seen by an In∣strument. With this are divers other Symptoms. And if the Ulcer comes to the Orifice of the Bladder, there wil be burning, and often pissing. If it be malignant, the Vi∣tal Functions are weakned, or if joyned with other Disea∣ses, as the French Pox, there are many Symptoms.

The Causes.

The pains in the Privities of Women, come from Dis∣eases of the neck of the womb or Privities, and they are either Inflammation, or Cancer, or Condyloma, or Ul∣cer.

Inflammation being chiefly in the neck of the womb, or in the womb, * 1.356 causeth pains with heat, burning or tumor, as it is greater or less, pure, or impure, or Erysi∣pelas, where the heat is greater, and no tumor. The internal Cause of this Inflammation is De∣fluxion of Blood, to the menstruous veins in the substance of the womb: Or difficulty of travail may cause it, be∣cause the neck of the womb is very sensible, and the Ori∣fice narrow. And somtimes there is an Inflammation of these parts from the Orifice, which is shut in Virgins with the Hymen or Membrane, when they are much pained at the loss of their Virginity, or at other times, when the wo∣man is straight, and the man large. And it may come also from Pessaries, or corroding Medicines.

A Cancer in the hollow of the womb causeth pain, with burning, and pricking, and swelling, which somtimes turns to an Ulcer. And this is caused by a malignant Humor sent to the Neck of the Bladder. The kinds and causes of which shall be shewed in an external Cancer.

A Condyloma in the womb, causeth the pain above mentioned, and is in the Fundament: Also by reason of the same Causes to be mentioned.

An Ulcer in the Cavity of the womb, * 1.357 or the Privities, causeth ulcerous pains, and other accidents that are more, as the pain is greater. For if it be a simple Ex∣coriation with the skin off, there will the pain be small, by reason of the exquisite Sense of the part. If there be a great hurt or wound, the pain wil be greater, and the blood come. If a simple Ulcer, the pain will be less, but with a Flux of Matter, if it be foul, the Ulcers be eating called Nomae, or when they are dee∣per Phagadaenica, the pain is longer, because there wil be a Flux of Matter. If the Ulcer reach the Neck of the Bladder, there will be painful Pissing. If it eat through the womb and the strait Gut, there will be Matter by stool, and the Excrements that should have passed through the Fundament, come through the womb. Or if the Ulcer reach to the Neck of the Bladder, or the Abdomen, the matter will come forth there, and if it continue long, it eats away the neck of the bladder: As we have known in some Women, who have lost all the womb. And if the Ulcer be cancerous, there will be a Carcinoma, and more pain then in a Cancer not ulcerated, and the Lips wil be swollen, and turned in, and the matter wil flow, and somtimes blood, and that much at the time of the terms, in so much that some have been in danger of death there∣by.

These Ulcers come from Hurts, as Inflammations, as in hard Travail, the first Copulation, or other that is vio∣lent, by which a Vein is broken, as when they loose their Maiden-heads, some bleed from the Terms, by rubbing of the Veins or the neck of the womb, or from hurt of the o∣rifice, which causeth an Ulcer. Some think it comes from the breaking of the Membrane Hymen, and take it for a sign of Virginity, though it happen not alwayes to Virgins at the first Copulation, but to such only whose Veins are easily opened, being tender, and are nigh their Courses at the time of Marriage, and then no Ulcer fol∣lows. This may come also from outward Hurts, or use of sharp Medicines which corrode the neck of the womb, as we knew in a woman that lived long after the loss of the neck of her womb. Also Inflammations turn to Im∣posthumes, and they into Ulcers, and some are very foul, and there is a sharp flux of the womb that causeth Ulcers. Also malignant Humors in the Terms in soul Bodies, and other Diseases, as in the Pox, and running of the Reins, may cause the same. And somtimes the Seed of a man that is foul long kept in the womb, may do the like. And in Women that have a dead Child, the womb may be cor∣rupted,

as I knew in two, who had the Child cut out with the Membranes and Perinaeum, or Cawle corrupted, and one lived long after.

The Cure.

The Cure is divers, as the Diseases that cause these Pains, which are Inflammation, Cancer, Ulcer. The cure of Condyloma shall be mentioned in Diseases of the Fun∣dament.

When the Inflammation is in∣ward and outward, * 1.358 also it must be cured as other Inflammations, with respect to the part, which is very sensible, to prevent pain.

Inflammations in the Womb only must be cured as other inward Inflammations mentioned, taking heed that it turn not to an Imposthume and Ulcer, or Hardness, or Scirrhus, or Gangraen, and corrupt the part. Outward things are best, as in the inflammations of the bottom of the womb as Baths, and Injections, and other things that come direct∣ly to the womb. Revulsion, and Derivation, and things taken inwardly are also good; and we must prevent a Scirrhus when it tends to an Imposthume, and if a Scir∣rhus be, it must be cured as scirrhous Tumors, without pain. If it gangrene, it is incurable, and must be ordered as shall be shewed in Gangraenes.

A Cancer of the Neck of the Womb, * 1.359 because at first it causeth lit∣tle pain or hinderance, or is not known, or regarded, when it grows up, proves often incurable: Nor can it well or conveni∣ently be cut in that secret part, therefore it ulcerates, and causeth death. But to prevent, you must use a palli∣ative Cure, by which the Patient may live longer: Such as are mentioned in the external Cancer. As by Revul∣sions and Derivations, by Bleeding, especially in the Ankle, and Purging, and strengthning, and by drying To∣picks, and things that digest, as was there declared.

The Carcinoma, or Cancers of the neck of the womb must be pallia∣ted also, * 1.360 with respect to the part, and the medicines must be put in with the finger, or by Pessaries, or injected, or by Fumes, as in external Cancers.

All Ulcers in the Womb are bad, by reason of the tenderness and moistness of the part, * 1.361 of that a little skin off will require a great Cure. The eating ul∣cers are worse, which if long lasting, and rooted, and large, are almost incurable, as Carcinoma, which destroy the whole womb, as I shewed: Venereal Ulcers are not cured, except the Pox be cured in general. The Cure dif∣fers, in that some are to be applied as to cancerous and venemous Ulcers: Others generally as to all Ulcers.

The end in curing of all, except Carcinoma and Pox, is to cleanse the Body when foul, for Humors will flow to the womb, and moisten it, and make the Ulcers worse, es∣pecially if they be mlaignant, and then they must be cor∣rected by sparing moderate Diet, and Bleeding, and Pur∣ging, and Sweating, which doth not only take Humors from the whole Body, but from the part affected: As we shewed in other Ulcers. And if the Ulcers bleed, the Blood must be revelled, as we shewed in the Menstrual Flux. And if in a deep Ulcer, the Matter fall into the Bladder or strait Gut, it must be cleansed as in Ulcers of the Bladder and Fundament.

These things first observed, for the Cure of the Ulcer, if it be only the skin off, or a simple Wound, or Ulcer, it must be only dryed with glutinating means, and the blood stopt with astringents, and the pain abated with Lenitives and Narcoticks, if need be. If the Ulcer be foul and deep, it must first be cleansed, then dryed and healed up, and if there be Corruption, use stronger, as followeth.

We give inwardly such as we give other internal ulcers of the bladder or reins, and such as we give in outward ul∣cers, with respect to the part: As shall be shewed.

Or this Decoction to heal old Ulcers. Take Comfrey∣roots an ounce, Plantane, Yarrow, Bayes, each a handful; Agnus Castus seeds a dram, white Wine a quart, Honey a pint: boyl and skum it, till half be confumed, give to drink often, and apply it to the parts, as I shall shew.

Dioscorides saith the Roots of Rhapontick, and small Centaury drunk, cure the Pains and Corrosions of the Womb.

Or Turpentine wash'd in Mugwort-water, or the like, as in Plantane-water, or Rose-water, for an Ulcer, or ta∣ken with Honey or Sugar: Some add Pouder of Hy∣sop.

New Milk and Sugar, or Honey drunk, doth the same.

Or a dram of Pills of Bdellium of Mesue, or a scruple e∣very other day, cures the Ulcer of the Womb, and stops the Bleeding.

Or thus: Take Bdellium three drams, Myrrh, Frankin∣cense, each a dram; Sarcocol, Storax, Amber, Chebs Myro∣balans, each half a dram; red Coral two scruples, with Syrup of Poppies, and a little Opium, (if the pain be great,) make Pills: Give a scruple every other day.

For pain, the Troches of Alkekengi, with Opium, are good.

Or this Pouder to stop Blood, and heal. Take Aca∣cia, Hypocistis, each a dram; Sanguis Draconis, Starch, Plantane, round Birthwort, each half a dram; Earth of Ar∣menia or Lemnos a dram, Mastick, or Sarcocol, each half a dram: make a Pounder, give a dram with Milk, Shep∣heards-purse, Plantane, Rose, or steeled Water.

Use warm Injections to cleanse, and dry after, and heal.

As, three ounces of Barley boyledin two pints of water or Whey, with Sugar or Honey, or of Hydromel alone, Honey and Wine, which is strongest.

Or a Decoction of Barley, Lentils, Beans, Smallage, Pellitory, Plantane, with Honey.

Against Foulness. Take Hydromel half a pint, Juyce of Smallage two ounces, Myrrh a dram.

Or use a Decoction of Orris, Birthwort, and Sowbread, Lupins, Orobus, Horehound, Wormwood, and Cen∣tanry.

To cleanse, add Lye, Urin, and Wine, or a little Al∣lum.

The Juyce of a Nettle, and Urin of a Boy, cures the Ulcers of the Womb.

Also the Gall of an Ox, Goat, Carp, with Honey, and Goats Milk.

Or Unguentum Apostolorum, or Aegyptiacum.

Or the like Cleansers used in outward Ulcers, and Dryers.

A drying healing Decoction is made of Comfrey, Snak∣weed, Plantane, Agrimony, Shepheards-purse, Horstayl, Sanicle, Mousear, Pyrola, Yarrow, Knotgrass, wild Tan∣sey, Bramble, Myrrh, Olive, Ceterach, Shrub, Sumach, Rose of Jerusalem, Wall-sage, Swallow-wort, Rock Com∣frey, Roses, three handfuls or four, Grape, Plantane, and Myrrh feeds an ounce: boyl them in steeled Water for an Injection.

Or add Galls, Cypress-nuts, Acorn-cupps, Peels and Flowers of Pomegranates an ounce, which are good to stanch Blood, or red Wine, or Syrup of red Roses, or Ho∣ney to cleanse.

You may use the Decoction mentioned for an Injecti∣on.

Or Juyce of the Plants mentioned, with Honey.

Or half an ounce of the pouder of the Plants mentio∣ned, with the Ashes of Reeds, Gourds, or Spunge, or of Eg-shells.

When we desire to dry exceedingly use Litharge, Tutty, Ceruss, Bloodstone, Calaminaris, Bole two drams, and Sanguis Draconis, Acacia, Hypocistis a dram, for once in∣jecting.

Or this incarnative Pouder. Take Orris roots, Birth∣wort, and Comfrey, each a dram; Myrrh two drams, Aloes a dram, or a dram of Frankincense, Sarcocol, Mummy, put into the Injection.

Or add to this Pouder two drams of Turpentine, with Plantane-water washed, and dissolved with Honey, and the Yolk of an Eg.

Or use Unguent of Pompholigos, Ceruss, or Lead, six drams for one dose in an Injection.

To allay pain, and heal also. Use,

All sorts of Milk to cleanse, heal, and abate pain. And they will dry also, if you quench Flints therein, and abate pain more, if you add Mucilage of Fleabane, Line seed, Quinces, and Infusion of Gum Traganth, and Arabick, and Whites of Eggs, and Yolks somtimes: And in great pain a little Opium. And if you will cleanse also, Honey or Sugar.

A Decoction to allay tearing and burning pain. Take Barley a pugil, Foenugreek and Line-seed an ounce, Fleabane, and Poppey seed, each half an ounce; the four great cold Seeds six drams, Roots of Marsh-mallows and Mallows, each a hand∣ful; Dill a pugil: boyl them in Milk and Water, adding Honey and Sugar,

If you add Purslane an handful, Water-lillies a pugil: the Heat will be better abated, and the Pain less, if you ad half an ounce of Mandrake roots, and Henbane seeds two drams to be boyled therein.

Also Juyce of Purslane, Lettice, Nightshade, Plantane in Milk, or their distilled Waters.

Or the white Troches of Rhasis, with Opium dissolved in Milk, or the Decoction mentioned, take away pain, and heal.

Add Oyls if need be, as of Roses, Poppies, Henbane∣seed; or of Lovage to astringe.

Also Fomentations and Baths are good, for their strength reacheth to the inward parts, and heals the Ulcers. They are made as the Injections, by choosing things proper to cleanse, dry, and take away pain as you please. And for drying, we add Metals, as Filings of Iron, and the like.

Also drying Baths of Allum, and Sulphur in old ulcers, and we send the desperate Women in this case to the Spawes.

Also we make Pessaries, and thrust them with the finger into the hollow of the Womb to cure Ulcers.

Or an Anodine of Goose grease, or Hens grease, or Hogs, or Dears suet, or Wool grease, with white Wax, and the Yolk of an Eg, and Mucilages, and Saffron, and Oyl of Opium.

Dioscorides puts into Pessaries, Leaves of Vervain, cream of Henbane seeds, and Juyce of Mandraks.

To cleanse; Take Turpentine washed with Juyce of Smal∣lage half an ounce, Myrrh a dram, Birthwort roots two drams, Sugar half an ounce, make a Pessary, with Gall of a Beast, or Alium, it will more cleanse.

You may use Anodine Oyntments also.

Or Dryers mentioned, with Pouders, or Juyces, and with Mucilages, and Wax.

Or Fumes that pierce into the womb, and dry Ulcers, as in the Nose, for which are Fumes mentioned, and they which are strongest, and of worst Scent, may be best used here.

If these Ulcers come from the French Pox, they cannot be cured without a general Cure of the Pox. And then the Fume of Cinnabar doth all together. And the Oynt∣ment of Quick-silver is good to be put into the part. All which shall be declared in the Cure of the French Pox.

CHAP. XV. Of Diseases in the Funda∣ment.

The Kinds.

THe Diseases or in inward Pains of the Fundament, are such as are in it when closed in the end of the strait Gut and Muscles about it, we mean not the Clefts in the outward part, which shall be mentioned in external Cures with those of the Lips. The kinds of the Pains are from the Sense of the pain and swelling.

There is somtimes a pain there, * 1.362 with Burning alone, or with a Tu∣mor. And this is called the Infla∣mation of the Fundament, when it is inwardly hot, swell'd, and red, and outwardly some∣times. This pain is increased by touching, sitting, going to stool, especially with straining. The Belly also and U∣rin are stopped, by the tumor and heat. And this Inflam∣mation leaves somtimes an Imposthume, or the like in the Veins, which coming from other Causes, have an Inflam∣mation. As also the Falling out of the Fundament hath; which also I observed in a Child of a year old, turned to a Gangraene, and caused death. All these may be known by touching and sight, when the Gut is turned out.

The pain in the Fundament with a swelling, * 1.363 and no Inflammation but what is from pain, is called the Haemorrhoides, because it comes from the Veins so cal∣led, and it is called blind, when they bleed not, but it may better be called closed or painful. In this upon straining there is a tumor appears; or else it lyeth deep, and is only felt by the Patient, This pain is sometimes great, from the Excrements going forth, with an Inflam∣mation somtimes, which produceth bleeding, or open Hae∣morrhoids, which are dangerous from their great Flux somtimes. As I have known in two Professors, which from a sedentary life, had the Haemorrhoids, and died of their great Flux and Inflammation.

A Pain in the Fundament with an uneven Swelling, * 1.364 like an Excretion that comes by degrees not suddenly as the Haemorrhoids, is called Condylo∣ma, because it is like the Joynt of the Finger, this we shew∣ed may be in a Womans Privities also, and the Funda∣ment in both Sexes. It is more painful when there is In∣flammation. If this Tumor appears outwardly, is called Ficus, being like a Fig, or Verruca, or a Wart, which hanging down is called Thymus: Somtimes it is like a Grape or Mulberries. I have seen it rough and hard, like a Cocks Comb. And it is either alone, or joyned with the French Pox.

A Pain with sense of an Ulcer in the Fundament is within, * 1.365 and differs from that which produceth a Tenes∣mus or Needing, because there is not so much straining. In this being soul, there is Matter voided alone, or in the first Excrement at stool. Somtimes it is hollow, and a Fi∣stula, as goes either to the Womb and Bladder, out of which parts it after floweth, and sometimes it is pissed forth. And when the Patient farteth, it cometh forth of the womb, if the Ulcer be there. Also Ulcers of the womb, and neck of the bladder, as was there shewed, have gone sometimes before, and ended in an Ulcer in at the Fundament. Hither are also wounds to be referred, which first bleed, and after turning to Ulcers, send forth Matter.

The Causes.

Diseases that Cause pains in the Fundament are either Inflammation, or Haemorrhoids, or Condyloma, or Ul∣cer.

Inflammation causeth burning pain with swelling or without, * 1.366 and it is grievous, because the part is very sen∣sible. And it may come from the same Causes, as a Tenesinus or needing when the streight Gut is ulcerated, and from other outward hurts, as a wound or stroak or from wiping the Arse with a paper that hath had Pepper in it, as I knew, or with the Hand that had Ginny pepper, as I knew in one that complained from thence of the fire of Hell, as he said.

The blind or painful Haemorrhoids, from the Veins in the Arse, which bleed in some, as the Veins of Womens Privities at certain times, is with a swelling, not that the Vein it self is pained so much, being not very sensible, but because the parts adjacent are stretched and pained which are very sensible: this is greater with inflammation when the part is extended. Therefore when blood is brought to the end of the Veins to be purged by the Haemorrhoids, if the mouths of the Veins be not open from whence the Haemorrhoids are called blind, or when they open with difficulty, the blood being stopt and in∣creased and laboring to get forth, forceth and teareth the Veins more or less as it is in quantity And they feel most pain when the Hemorrhoids first break forth. Be∣cause the Vessels were never opened before. And when the blood would get forth at some external Vein in the Fundament, It is hard to be opened, because the Mouth of the Vein is made hard by the hard Excrements. But it gets easier forth when it opens a Vein in the broad part of the streight Gut, where they are softer. But these mouths of Veins may be hurt also by hard Excrements or other straining, as we see in Women in travil, who have the Haemorrioids. This pain from the causes aforesaid is greater, when the blood stopped, is sharp or Malignant. And also the swelling Haemorrhoids have divers forms, according to the diversity of the mouths of the Veins and Flesh and Blood thereabouts.

Candyloma causeth pain in the Arse Privities of Women also, * 1.367 for the parts are alike Nervous. And we know the Humor to be Malignant, when there are Ulcers in the Privi∣ties and Groyns, and also Candylo∣mas in the Privities and Arse. This Humor being venemous is infectious and breeds Figgs or Warts or other Excrescences. And how this comes to pass we shall shew in the French Pox, Bubo and Can∣cer.

An Ulcer of the Arse is somtimes the cause of pain and matter voided, * 1.368 this comes from an Inflamation turned to an Impostum that brake, and ulcerated and when it is deep it is foul also: or from a foul Ulcer in a Tenesmus, or from the causes that produce Inflammation and Ulcer there mentioned. Or from an Ulcer of the Neck of the Womb or Bladder that eateth thither. Or from a wound by external or internal means.

The Cure.

The Cure is in order according to the Disease, the Hae∣morrhoids, Condyloma, Inflammation and Ulcer are cured divers waies.

The blind Haemorrhoids (by which we mean a swolen Vein in the Arse that is stopt and ful of pain) if it be not well or∣dered, * 1.369 will be inflamed and cause an Ul∣cer and other diseases.

This may be prevented when it comes with ease and is not hindered at its usual time but furthered, as we shewed in stoppage of Haemorrhoids.

It is cured by turning away the blood which is the cause and nourisher of it, and allaying the pain to prevent Inflammation, and then by drying and discussing the Tu∣mor. And if it Ulcerate, it must be cured, as other Ul∣cers.

We must revel the blood that it may not flow to that part to stretch or inflame it, especially if there be then an Inflammation by opening a Vein in the Arm, and then derive it by opening a Vein in the Foot, Ankle, or Ham.

Or by Cupping the sides, to revel; and the Hips to derive.

Or by Leeches to the Fundament, if pain or Inflamma∣tion forbid not.

The Belly must be kept loose that the Excrements may not hurt being hard, and by straining; With fruits and herbs in meat and broaths, or with Cassia, Manna, or the like. Or with Clysters, if they can endure the Pipe.

Or with the Decoction of Restharrow, consume them according to Dioscorides.

Or give the Pouder of Moulin with Milk, to abate the swelling alone, or with Barley meal as much, or fryed with Eggs and Butter for some daies, which is a se∣cret.

Or the juyce of Moulin alone, or with Penidies, or in a syrup, or with Liquorish Pouder, make an Electuary thereof.

Also Bdellium and Galbanum sostned with syrup of Plantane or Mullein and made Pills give a dram.

Or Narcoticks in great pain.

Topickes are applied with a Tent, or if liquid by a Syringe, or by sprinkling, or blowing them in.

Anodynes abate pain and heat also, with Stupefactives, many whereof consume the Piles.

Boyl yellow Quinces, or Herb True-love in Oyl. Or make Oyl of Gourd seed, Poppy, Henbane, or yolks of Eggs, or Indian Nuts, or De-been, or Jesamin.

Or use this Liniment of Oyl of Roses, Violet water Lillies, Willows, or Lineseed, or sweet Almonds, with o∣ther Anodynes, or fresh butter, the yolk of an Egg raw or roasted.

You may add Goose grease, or Hens, or Hops, or the grease of Goats, or Dears kidneys, or Marrow of a Veal bone, Pomatum, or Aesypus, or white Wax washt to make an Oyntment.

Mucilage of Fenugreek, Linseed, or white of an Egg.

Pouder of the rinds of Mandrake, Henbane and Poppy seed, and if pain be great to four ounces of the Oyntment a dram of Opium and half a dram of Saffron.

Or use Populeon with Opium, when there is heat, or Saffron.

Fomentations and injections, are made of Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Mulleine leaves and flowers, Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, Elder flowers, VVater-lillies, and Violets, and Faenugreek and Linseed boyled in water or fat broath or with Oyls.

And you may make Cataplasms of the residents boyled in Milk.

Thus: Take crums of Bread and Barley, or Spelt, boyl them in Milk and with Oyl of Roses, Violets or Butter and yolks of Egs, make a Pultis, you may add Papp of Ap∣ples and Mucilages of Time, Fleabane and Althaea and Saf∣fron.

Or fry Purslane, Nightshade, Poppy and Henbane in Oyl.

The Juyce of Veal is a good Anodine.

Give Digesters to consume them, and if they prevail not, then Dryers, that bite not, if there be pain.

Or make Cataplasms of Mullein, Clowns-All-heal, Plantane, black Hawkweed, Scabious, Crownwort, Yar∣row, Shepheards rod, Dogs-tongue, Horehound, Leeks, Coleworts bruised or roasted in the Embers, and mixed with Butter or Oyl. Matthiolus commends the Oynt∣ment of Scrophularia.

Or this: Take Lillies two ounces, Orris an ounce, Moullin, Scrophularia, each three handfuls, Flowers of Chamomil, Meli∣lot Dill, St. Johns-wort, each a pugil; Dates ter, with Snails, without shells: boyl them in steeled Water, stamp, and add Foenugreek and Line-seed, each an ounce; Butter two ounces, Myrrh, Frankincense, each two drams; Sassron a dram, yolks of Eggs four, make a Cataplasin.

Or apply roasted Onions, or Leeks, with Oyl of Roses or the like; or with Dragons, or Cuckow pintles, and Oyl, least they burn, or alone, if they may be endured. All these may be mixed with the former Cataplasms.

You may foment with a Spunge, or a Bag, with the de∣coction of the aforesaid, with Dates, and Snails, to nou∣rish, and with such as consume and dry, as Sumach; Bram∣ble, Pomegranate peels and flowers, Galls, Roses, Myr∣tle berries, and the like mentioned in Ulcers of the Neck of the Womb, with steeled water, and red wine.

Or anoint with Oyl of Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, St. Johns-wort, Lillies, Olive, in which are boyled Raddish∣seed, Spurge seeds, or Earth-worms, or Hog-lice, or Sows, or Wood-lice, or Horsleeches, or red Snails without shels, or with Oyl of Bricks.

Or make a Liniment of the Plants mentioned, with Smallage, or Parsley, or Yarrow, Juyces. Or beat them with Turpentine in a leaden Mortar, and wax.

Some fill a hollow Onion with Oyl, and Verdigrease, and roast it, and anoint with the Juyce.

An Oyntment. Take Frankincense, Mastick or Myrrh, each two drams; Bdellium, Lycium, or Juyce of Sumach, or Hypocistis a dram, Saffren a scruple, Mucilage of Fleabane, and Gum Traganth, each half an ounce; a Yolk of an Eg, with Oyl of Roses, make a Liniment. If there be pain, ad a dram of Opium, or Oyl of Henbane seed, which also con∣sumes them.

To dry more, add Ceruss, washt Lead, Litharge, Tutty three drams, the Arabian Stone according to Dioscorides. And in a leaden Morter, with Mucilage, and white Wax, make an Oyntment.

It will be stronger with Vitriol, burnt Allum a dram, Verdigrease, or Rust of Iron a scruple, Camphire half a scruple.

Give a Suppository, or Suet, the Yolk of an Eg, white wax, and a little Opium.

Or make a Fume of the Decoction hot, or take in only the Fume of Moulin boyled, to ease the pain.

Or sprinkle the Pouder of Darnel, Moulin, Scrophu∣laria upon Coals, or hot Bricks, or Iron, and take the Fume to dry. It is better with Brimstone, or with Honey anacardine.

Some say it is good to sit upon a Stool, made of Pine∣tree, and anointed with Oyl.

When a Condyloma comes from un∣clean Copulation without the Pox, * 1.370 then after purging, and bleeding, and sweating, apply Topicks, as in other malignant Humors. If it be in the Pox, then cure it as the Pox, by purging and sweating, and if they remain, the Disease is not wholly cured, and then use Topicks in the Cure, mixing things that are pro∣per against the pox.

Use the same Topicks to digest and dry, as in the swol∣len Haemorrhoids, especially the strongest, because these are harder, and the pain less, adding stronger Ingredi∣ents.

Also the Cataplasms and Fomentations there mentio∣ned, as Scrophularia, Moulin, Plantane, Bramble, Pelli∣tory, Mercury, Winter-cresses, Savine, Horehound, Mai∣den-hair, Rosemary, Time, Savory, Rue, green and brui∣sed, or boyled with red Wine, or steeled Water, or water and Vinegar, or Lye, and applyed with a Spunge, or Bag•• or ad Roots of five leaved Grass, round Birthwort, and Bay-berries, and other Dryers, as Salt, or Peeter, raw Quinces may be added according to Dioscorides.

Sheeps dung, or Hens dung, with the Gall of a Goat, Soap, and Vinegar mixed, are good.

Or dissolve Tarr, and Ammoniacum in strong Vine∣gar.

Or use the Oyntments for the Piles.

To which add this: Take Juyce of Winter-cresses, Smal∣lage, or Parsley, each an ounce and half; Oyl of Brick two ounces, Bole a dram, with Turpentine make an Oyntment.

Or, Take Oyl of Tartar half an ounce, Lapis Calamina∣ris, Bloodstone, or red Lead two drams.

Or, Take Vine ashes, and Dill ashes, each a dram and an half; Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar a dram, Al∣lum two drams, Bloodstone, or Minium a dram, Galls half a dram, Saffron a scruple, a Yolk of an Eg roasted, Turpentine a dram, with Oyl of Roses and Wax make an Oyntment.

This is stronger. Take Quick-silver two drams, Turpen∣tine an ounce, Oyl of Nuts two ounces, red Lead two drams, Allum, Vitriol, each a dram; Verdigrease half a dram, with Wax make a Liniment, add a little Sublimate.

A Pouder to dry and consume it. Take round Birth∣wort a dram, dryed Savine two drams, Ashes of Hermodacts, and Myrobalans, each a dram and half; Allum a dram, red Vitriol half a dram, red Orpiment a scruple, with Opium, and Mandrake roots make a Pouder.

Or use Sublimate boyled in Water, or Oyl of Vitriol, or of Antimony.

A caustick Oyl to consume the Condyloma, Fistula, Scro∣phulus, and any Excrescens of Flesh without pain. Take Oyl of Bricks, Mastick, and Gum Arabick the best, and Tur∣pentine, each three ounces; distil them in a Glass Alembick, and mix the first Water with Ashes of Ivy, and still it again, keep the Water.

Fumes taken in, do dry up a Condyloma, such as we mentioned for the Ulcers of the Nose. Chiefly of Cinna∣bar, as in the French Pox.

Somtimes they are cut off, when they are hard, as warts, or if they be long, they are tyed with Hair or Thread to rot.

Inflammation in the Fundament a∣lone, or with Piles, or Condyloma, * 1.371 is cured as other Inflammations in Wo∣mens privities, and if it turn to an Ul∣cer, as an Ulcer.

Therefore we let blood in the Ham, to derive and cup to revel and derive, when we fear a Flux to the part.

We loosen the Belly that the Excrements may not hurt. Clysters are not easily given.

We alter with cold and moist Diet and Medicine. Dio∣scorides commends the Water of Lens palustris to be drunk.

VVe use Anodines at the first, because the part is very sensible of pain, and we cool without binding much, least the part should be exasperated, with things against piles mentioned, that ease pain, and slupesie, and cool, as Oyntments, Baths, Fomentations, Cataplasms.

A cool Oyntment. Take Juyce of Purslane, Plantanc, Groundsoyl, each three ounces, Mucilage of Fleabane an ounce, the Yolk of an Eg roasted, with Oyl of Roses, and Violets,

A Pultis: Take Comfrey roots, Althaea roots, each an ounce; Plantane, Moulin, Groundsoyl, Sowthistle, each a handful; Melilot flowers, and Roses, each a pugil; Faenu∣greek and Line-seed, each half an ounce; boyl and stamp them, add Flower of Lentils a pugil, Oyl of Willows, Roses, and Violets, each an ounce; Saffron a dram.

In the end, use Discussers, and if Hardness appear, Softners, and consume the reliquies as in other Inflam∣mations.

An Ulcer or other Solution of Con∣tinuity in the Arse-hole, * 1.372 being a sensi∣ble part, is very troublesom, and will scarce be cured in so strait and moist a part: If it first ulcerate, it is worse, and worse yet, if it cancerate. If it be a wound, cure it as a wound. If the Ulcer come from a wound or Inflamma∣tion alone, or with the piles, after purging, by which a∣lone Ulcers are fitter to heal; Do thus,

Drink Milk often and much, or such things as are good against wounds, when there is a wound, as vulnerary Herbs. Bettony is highly commended in this case, and Mullein any ways taken, is good in al Diseases of the Arse∣hole, & other things mentioned in the Ulcers of the Womb, as pills of Bdellium. And if Blood flow from the wound, use the pouder there mentioned.

Topicks may be used as in Ulcers of womens privities, because the part is very sensible and tender, as they, and will not admit of other Cleansers and Dryers, then are there mentioned, except such Dryers as are mentioned for swollen Haemorrhoids: And if there be a pain in the ul∣cer or Inflammation feared, use the things against pain, prescribed in Ulcers of the womb and Haemorrhoids, as pessaries and Fumes.

Besides which, the Roots of Carduus boyl'd in wine, cures the Ulcers in the Fundament: And Raisons beaten up with Rue, if they be foul and cancer'd.

Or Oyntment of Minium, Litharge, or Chalcitis called Diapalma.

And if there be a Flux of Blood, use such things as are mentioned for stopping of Blood in other Fluxes.

CHAP. XVI. Of Pain in the Habit of the Body.

The Kinds.

VVE call those Pains in the Habit of the Body which are within the Skin, either in the soft or fleshy, or hard, or bony parts. They are of divers sorts, some are greater, and others less then their accidents.

VVe shall mention only by the way those pains whose accidents are grea∣ter, * 1.373 because we spake of them in their places. As in Hurt of the Functions, when there is pain joyned, as pain of weakned Motion, mentioned in Lazi∣ness, voluntary, and after labour; this pain is ulcerated, inflamed, stret∣ching, or beating. Besides, there are somtimes in some kinds of unmoveableness, as in that kind of palsie, where the Sense of Feeling remains, with a pricking, or vehe∣ment pain. Also there are divers pains in the Cramp, especially when it is from wind: As we shewed concern∣ing a moving pain in the Cramp of many years continu∣ance. Also there is pain in Fractures and Dislocations of Bones. All these are spoken of in impotent Motion. And in Depravation of Feeling, there is a pain in divers parts from a false Sense of Cold or Heat. And we shewed in Feavers, that there might be pains, as if the Limbs were bruised or broken. Also pains inwardly may come forth as in the Head-ach, the pain may reach to the Eyes, and and other pains may come to the Neck, Breast, and Belly, as we shewed. And we shall shew how some superficial pains go over the whol Body. And others are from evil Conformity or shape.

Those pains which are in the Habit of the Body greater then their Accidents, * 1.374 are chiefly distin∣guished as they are in the Flesh, Joynts, or Bones.

The Germans call the pains in the fleshy parts of the Habit of the Body, die Fluze, * 1.375 from the cause that is Defluxion, Distillations, or Catarrhs. Of which we shall declare divers kinds, in parts not fleshy, from the Joynts.

These Pains or Defluxions are some∣times in the Cheeks, Chapps, * 1.376 or about the Ears, with Swelling, or without.

Or in the sides, or behind the Neck, with difficult turning of the Neck, or a Creek, and Swelling of the Glandles. And if there be difficulty of swallowing, it is a bastard Quinzy.

Also there is a pain from Defluxion in the fleshy sides of the Breast, heavy, and tearing, that increaseth with tou∣ching, or Motion of the Arms, and hindereth breathing. And if it be pricking, it is a bastard Pleurisie, if the breath be much stopt, it is to be referred to Dyspnaea, or difficul∣ty of breathing.

These pains from Defluxions, are also on both fleshy sides of the Back, either above, towards the Neck, or be∣low towards the Loyns. And are increased by Motion of the Back-bone, or by lying down, or pressing, but if they endure touching; they are spoken of in internall Pains.

These pains from Defluxion, are also in the fleshy parts of the Joynts, in the Arms, or Feet, and in the Nervous parts, if they are about the Shoulder blads, or fleshy parts of the Hipps, they are referred to pains in the Joynts.

A pain in the Joynts is called Arthritis. And it is either more general in many Joynts, as in the Feet, Arms, Hands, Hips, * 1.377 Shoulders, reaching to the Back, and Neck, and somtimes to the Cheeck-bones, and Joynts. Or it is more particular in some small or great Joynts, * 1.378 as in the Hip called the Sciatica. That in the Shoulder is called the pain of the Homoplate; when it is in the small Joynts, in the Toes, or Foot, * 1.379 or Ancles, it is called Podagra; when in the Knee, Gonagra; when in the Fingers, Thumb, or Wrists, Chiragra. This Dis∣ease seldom is constant in the Shoulder a∣lone, as in the Knee; and if it be there, it is called Arthritis, when other Joynts suffer also. Some of these kinds of Gouts have the same accidents.

Sometimes there is a great pain fixed in one or more Joynts. That which is in the Hip is first fixed, then moveth from the Thigh into the Foot, and that in the Shoulder, in∣the Arm. In all kinds, the pain is increased by Motion of the Joynt, and touching, except in the Hip and Shoul∣der, and then when the pain comes outward. These pains come suddenly unto some.

There is usually a Tumor with Redness, Heat, and bea∣ting, in the Podagra, and Chiragra, first or last; and som∣times in the Gonagra, or Arthritis, especially in the Joynts without Flesh. Somtimes it is an Oedema with∣out Redness. But in the pain of the Shoulder and Hip in the fleshy parts there is no such appearance or tumor.

In continuance of time in the Podagra, and Chiragra, there will be knots in the Joynts of the Fingers and Toes. And when they are opened, there comes forth a thin or tough white Matter, or like Chalk. And somtimes they turn to hard uneven stones, which hinder the Motion of the Joynt. And I have seen sometimes such knots from the bending of the Arm to the Wrists, growing as it were to∣gether, and when they have been broken, there hath come forth a white Pultis, and in one troubled with the Gout, it was in his Ear. And another Merchant long and grei∣vously

troubled with the Gout. The same kind of chal∣kie Matter was all over his Body, and the very Eye-brows also, and it turned to knots, and then came forth.

As we shewed in Feavers, there is a Synoch in every ge∣neral Gout, and often in the Podagra, Chiragra, and Go∣nagra, and somtimes in the Hip and Shoulder-gout. It begins first with Chilness, and there is Thirst and Restles∣ness, the Pulse is high, and the Urin red.

There are somtimes other accidents in Arthritis. And we have known a Cramp to follow the Joynt-gout which hath been worse then it self.

The pain about the great Bones (be∣sides that which is in parts without flesh, * 1.380 of which we spake in the Pain of the Joynts, and that without the Skull of which in Head-ach) is of two sorts. The one is chiefly about the Head bones, the other is about many other Bones.

There is a kind of pain about the Head or Forehead, * 1.381 which is lasting, which is called an external Cephalaea, or Head-ach, differing from the internal mentioned. This is about the Bone, and is augmented by being touch∣ed. It somtimes springs from an internal Head-ach, or is joyned with it, or is alone outwardly on both sides, or on the right or left, as a Haemicrania. Some∣times it is like a Nail driven into one part, * 1.382 and called Clavus. Somtimes it makes Nodes in the Forehead, like that in the French Pox, and in other Bones.

There is another kind of outward pain in the Head, * 1.383 which goes before other pains from Defluxion, into the Joynts and fleshy parts. In which somthing seems to lye heavy upon the Head, and there is outward, as if the skin were flead off, and increaseth with touching of the Hair especially. And oftentimes there is a Swelling soft and oedematous, broad, and dispersed a∣bout the Neck, and hinder-part of the Head, and other accidents, as in the Heaviness of the Head, coming with∣in the Skull, especially when they meet together.

There is another kind of pain about many Bones from a Disease not known by the Antients that was brought from the Indiies, * 1.384 first called the Neopolitane, then the French Disease: * 1.385 And because it comes by Copulation, the Venereal Pox. Of which there are divers kinds, as I shall shew, and this pain about the Bones is one, and is called the contagious Pain or Pox.

This pain being near about the Bones, is chiefly in the middle Seat without the Flesh, either in Latitude or Lon∣gitude, as in the naked inside of the Leg, and about the Shoulders, Homoplate, and Arms, and before, in the Breast, which bony part can scarce suffer from another in∣ternal Cause. And therefore the Pox is known only by this sign somtimes. Also there is pain without in the Head, especially in the Forehead to the Eye brows, and about the Temples, sixed like an outward Cephalaea.

This pain is violent and implacable, pulling as it were the skin from the bones, and not to be touched. It in∣creaseth towards night, and is not abated as other pains, but augmenteth by heat. And therefore in bed they are worse, and it comes by degrees, not suddenly as Arthri∣tis.

Somtimes there are hard Tumors or Nodes in the Fore∣head, Skins, and insides of the Hands, which are unequal and increase.

And other accidents, as Falling of the Hair, Spots, Pustles, and Ulcers, as we shall shew,

The Causes.

It is necessary that in all Pains of the Habit of the Bo∣dy mentioned, that the sensible parts be affected as the Muscles, Membranes, and Nerves, from whence come stretching pains, or pains from compression, solution of continuity, simple distemper, congestion of Humors, In∣fluxion, or evil Quality.

Vehement Stretching of the parts cau∣seth this pain, * 1.386 by immoderate Motion in Exercise and Labour: Hence comes the stretching lazy pain mentioned. And violent motion, when the Muscles are contracted with the Cramp: As we shewed in Spasmus. Also it comes from Extension of the Muscles by straining, which cause Bleed∣ing, such as is in inflamed or ulcerated Laziness, or such as increaseth by touching and motion. This pain is som∣times in the broad Muscle of the Breast, which moveth the Arm, coming from strong holding of the bridle in ri∣ding; sometimes in the Feet and Knees, from riding in short Stirrups.

Or in the Back, from stretching of the Membranes and Ligaments, by the great Bowels, lying upon them; or by a Tumor, as in divers Diseases of the Liver, Spleen, Guts, Mesentery, and Womb, and in women with child, as we shewed.

Or it is from wind that is bred by moisture or weak heat, or coming from other parts, which lifteth up and stretcheth the muscles, as we shewed in windy Cramp. And if it be between the membranes, it is a pain like that from Defluxion, but not so fixed, but wandring, and stretching, and not long lasting. And if it come to the skin, the pain is with palpitation or beating, as we shewed.

Also Compression of the parts may cause pain without breaking of the skin which if it is, * 1.387 belongs to Diseases of the skin. As from long lying in a great Disease, when there is a pain in the Back, and in other sensible parts; and from external violence, as when from pressing of the El∣bow, there is a numness and pricking of the two Fin∣gers.

Or when the Bones are out of their places, and lye u∣pon the Muscles, Membranes, or Nerves, there is pain, which is greater and longer, when there is Swelling or Heat, as when there is a great pricking pain, from a vio∣lent motion of the Back or Neck, or from Bones out of Joynt, while they lye upon these parts, and hinder moti∣on: As we shewed in want of Motion from a Disloca∣tion.

The same pain may be from broken Bones out of their place, which tear the parts, and hinder motion, as we shewed in want of Motion from a Fracture. Or from the Spondils of the Back broken out, which cause Pain, Swel∣ling, and Ulcers, before they come forth; as I knew in a Child of seven years old, who was born crook-baked, and had a Tumor in his left Shoulder, out of which came ma∣ny small bones of his Back, with much matter.

Solution of Continuity internal in a sensible part, causeth pain, * 1.388 as when the Membrane about the Belly is broken: Especially when the guts come forth, and there is an Hernia. As for other sensible parts, as Muscles and Nerves, they can scarce be broken without an external force. Of these we shall speak in the Diseases of the Skin.

Also Distemper causeth pain, * 1.389 whether cold or hot. If it be outward, it is to be referred to Diseases of the skin; if in∣ward, it comes from Defluxion, or con∣gestion of Humors: as shall be shewed. And in the Fits of Agues, the pain felt in the Back and Members, comes first from Cold, and then from heat, be∣cause the Cause lyeth in the great Vessels which are near the Back, and inflame the Nervous parts.

An Humor heaped, which is corrupt from evil Nourishment or Weakness of Concoction or crude, * 1.390 causeth pain in the bloodless parts, about the Bones, Periostium, and Membranes; where by reason of Cold, they are more easily heaped up, and more slow∣ly discussed. This is often in the Head, between the skul and skin, by reason of the plenty of Veins, which afford Excrements, which cannot easily be discussed, by reason of the thickness of the skin: Hence comes Cephalaea or Heach-ach external. This may be in other places upon bare Bones, like that in the French Pox, with Swelling, and Nodes, when the Nourishment of the part aboundeth, and turns to a Callus: as shall be shewed in external Tu∣mors.

Also when these Humors are hea∣ped without the Skull, * 1.391 there comes a pain external, which goes before De∣fluxions, and Joynt-gouts.

The same Excrements about the bloodless Region of the Joynts, not flowing from other parts, may cause a kind of Joynt-gout. This comes by degrees, not suddenly, as that which comes from a De∣fluxion, nor doth it cause great pain, and the tumor is only oedematous. This Arthritis or Joynt-gout seldome comes first, but follows the other, which comes from De∣fluxion, when the part is weakned, from which Defluxions & new Excrements are gathered. Hence they are free from the Gout, but there is some sign of it, either from Deflu∣xion or Congestion of Humors. Or if there be another kind of Arthritis from both, as a Sciatica: It lasteth long, and hath great changes.

A Defluxion of Humors causeth sud∣den pains, * 1.392 and they are either simple Defluxions, or Arthritical. The Hu∣mors either flow from within the Ves∣sels, or otherwise.

Humors congested without the Ves∣sels that cause these two sorts of pain, are supposed either flegmatick or waterish, but a waterish Humor, or pure Whey flowing to these parts, causeth resolution or tumor without pain, rather then with great pam. And therefore it must be mixed with other Excrements, and then as it is more cholerick, sharp, or salt, or evil, it stretcheth and tearing the part more or less, and causeth pain accor∣dingly.

The Original of this serous Humor comes from the Head, and flows downwards. And it is somtimes con∣gested in the inward part thereof, within the Skull from the Blood which is plentiful in the Head, when it is crude or impure. And when any part thereof is unfit for Nou∣rishment, and will not be concocted, there are Excrements in the Brain, which fall down, and cause pain. Before which there was a Heaviness in the Head, from the Mat∣ter heaped up, and other accidents. Also excrementiti∣ous blood sent to the Brain, comes from the weakness of the first or second Concoction, or from its Crudity, and the rather if the Brain be weak. Hence it is that though good blood be bred in the first Concoction, yet because it cannot be assimilated, or brought into substance in the third, there are many Excrements, and more when it is not at first well concocted, or mixed with Excrements. This cause of the weakness of the Brain, is either from the Parents, or from age and Disease, especially from Wine and Venery, the one stupefying, and the other spending the Spirits, and both weakning the Nerves and Brain, and taking away strength: Of the excess of which the Gout is the punishment. The plenty of this humor in the brain causeth it to flow down, or external cold wind, or moist∣ness that pierceth the Brain, and straineth and squeeseth it, or heat of the Sun or Baths causeth Defluxions, rather by opening the passages, and stirring up the Faculty to expel, then by melting the Flegm, as they call it. Also great motion that shakes the Head, by Neesing, Coughing, or the like, causeth the abounding Humor to slow down.

And we have shewed that the same humor may be with∣out the Skull, and flow down, and cause pain, before which was Head-ach, or Heaviness, and Swelling of the skin. And also we shewed the Cause why Humors are easily gathered there. And the same Causes that made the Humor flow which was internal, may move the exter∣nal, as cold and heat; and sooner, as we ordinarily may perceive.

The Defluxion of this Humor, which is both within and without the Skull, is divers. For if that flow, which is in the Skull, it causeth Diseases in the Habit of the Bo∣dy, and others also, as it falls into the bottom of the skull into the three cavities. For if it fall into the upper cham∣ber next the Forehead, then it is strained through the holes of the straining Bone, and comes like clear water out of the Nose, and is called Coriza. If it fall into the middle Cell or Chamber, which goeth to the Pallate with many holes, it either passeth thin presently, or continueth, and turneth thick into Snot, and so is blown out at the Nose, or hawked out. Or if it flow towards the Eyes, it is turned to Tears: as we shall shew in things sent forth. But if it follow the passage of the Nerves, in the middle cell, or fall into the hinder Cavity of the Skull, which is lower and larger, through the great hole behind, which contains the the narrow, from whence come the pain of Nerves, it fals into the Habit of the Body, into fleshy parts or Joynts, and causeth the Gout. Also when the Humor gathered with∣out the Skull, flows down under the skin, it causeth pains according to the parts, as we shall shew.

If it flow upon the fleshy parts, either inwardly or out∣wardly, then it gets between the Muscles and nervous Membranes, or between the Flesh and Skin, and Glandles, and causeth Heaviness, when it is much, or stretching, or pricking, when it is of evil Quality, or a Tumor occult or manisest, like an Oedema, and if the pain be great, and cause a Flux of Blood, it causeth Inflammation, which somtimes is known by heat and beating pain. And if it be outward, there is apparent Tumor and Redness. These pains from Defluxions are usually in the Back and Neck, and Face, and Breast somtimes, and Joynts, as we shewed. And when these parts have been used to Defluxions, they are weaker and loofer, and more apt to receive them.

If this Humor from within the Skull, flows by the ways of the Nerves into the Joynts, or from without under the skin, as Fernelius saith it may, then as it is about the Lips, Shoulders, Knees, Arms, Feet, or Finger-joynts, Back, or Cheeks, in one or more places, it causeth divers kinds of Gouts. In which they suppose the Joynt to be the part affected, and some think the inward part chiefly, because the pain is felt there, or increased by motion. But in re∣gard the moving Joynt is compounded inwardly, of two Bones, which have no Periostium in that part, but only a hard Gristle, and there is no Nerve there, and therefore they are all infensible, the pain cannot be within. Nor in the Joynt of the Thigh, where there is an insensible Liga∣ment. Moreover in regard the Bones are so exactly joyn∣ed in the Joynts, that there is no space between, and out∣wardly are closed with Ligaments, so that nothing can get in, how can any humor get in to breed the Gout, when there is no passage nor Vein. Moreover the Ligaments without that bind the Joynt, are infensible, or if they have any feeling, it is from the Periostium to which they grow, and that is very little. How then can there be so great pain in the Gout, if it be there? Neither can it be from the Tendons, which have little or no feeling. Besides, the Tumor without, which is at a distance from the Joynt, and the pain which is remote, shews that the pain is not in the Joynt. Also the chalky Matter, and the Nodes in the Gout, are not alwayes found in the Joynts, but in the parts adjacent. And though they grow in the Joynt som∣times, yet is not the pain therefore in the Joynts, or in the insensible parts whereof they are made. For they are

from other Causes, and cannot cause pain, except it be by hurting the part adjacent, nor other inconvenience, but Deformity and Hindrance of Motion. For no pain can be but from a sensible part, which is not in the Joynts. Therefore the Gout-pain is not from the Joynts, but the parts adjacent, as the Nerves, Muscles, and Membranes. And the reason why the pain is so near the Joynt, is the meeting of the Nerves there about, where they are com∣prehended in a little room, and bound about with Mem∣branes, and Ligaments, and solded together to move the Joynt, when in other places they are free, and go straight along the Body. Hence it is that when any matter falls into these narrow and crooked places, it easily stays there, and afflicts the Nerves causing pain. Which pain, if there be a Humor, is fixed in the strait passages, through which the Nerves run; as in the Sciatica, where the pain is a∣bove the Joynt, almost in the Loins, where the fourth Nerve goes to the Leg, and is bent outwardly, from the Cavity of the Hip, while the Humor sixeth, and when it removeth, the pain removeth to the Knee, to which the Nerve goes, or to the Foot; the pain is the same in the Shoulder. And when the Matter is much the pain is in di∣vers parts, where it is fixed, and in those narrow passages, where the Nerves pass through the holes of the Bone, as in the Back-bone, where it easily stayes, and causeth pain, and chiefly where the net work of the Nerves goes from the Neck to the Arms, and from the Loins to the Thighs.

The Disease that causeth this pain, is either stretching from much Humor, such as when it falls in a fleshy part, differing only in that the humor in this flows to the Mus∣cles next the Joynts, and causeth not so great pain, as when the Nerves are afflicted, and there is an Oedema in in the part. And if the humor be evil and infect the Nerves, the pain will be worse, and heat and redness will come from the Flux of Blood, and lastly a Swelling: as we shall shew in the Gout, from a Flux of Blood. Al these cease when the Excrements are consumed, and return u∣pon a new Defluxion. And after many Defluxions, some reliquies remain not discussed, which if they be glutinous, turn by degrees into Chalk. And if they are earthy, as serous humors use to be, as I shewed in the Stone, they turn to Stones. This is chiefly in the Hands, and Feet∣Joynts, because the humor can fall no further.

The Disposition of the part receiving, is a cause also why the humor goes hither or thither, as when the passages of the Nerves, and the places about the Joynts, are too loose. Or when there is haereditary Weakness in the Nerves or Brain, or when there hath been a Disease, or is a Deflu∣xion constantly stretching the passages. Hence it is that the humor, though it be not in great plenty in these pas∣sages so stretched, and made loose, as it is usually, when it causeth pain, yet it easily goes thither. And because it useth to go to the extremities by its thinness and the o∣penness of the passages, rather then stop by the way; and not only loosen the place, but separate the parts one from another. Hence it is that the Podagra, of Foot-gout, and Chiragra, or Hand-gout, are more usual then the o∣ther Gouts. And why after once, they come again monthy and yearly, and cannot be quite driven away. And the Sciatica, and other Gouts above, though the Matter stop in them, yet it is more seldom, because the matter descends, and the pain will not be so loosned as in the Hands and Feet, except there be a continual Defluxi∣on. And a general Arthritis or running Gout, is not so usual as the other kinds, because the humor that causeth it, must be a great quantity, to go into almost all the Joynts. And because the seldom coming thereof wea∣kens the parts but little, and also because (as I shall shew) it comes often from another Cause then a Defluxi∣on from the Head.

When Blood in the Veins falls about the Joynts, it be∣gets a hot Gout, with a Feaver, and Inflammation, and the like: as it doth Distention and Heat in any other part.

This is from the abundance of it, or when it is too hot, and causeth a Synoch Feaver, which usually presently follows the hot Gout, and attends it. And as an Erysipelas comes in a Synoch Feaver, from the Blood sent to the skin, so doth the Gout from the same sent to the Joynts, and they who are subject to the Gout, are subject to a Synoch, with Erysipelas. And the Patient hopes somtimes it will be but an Erysipelas, when he is subject to have both. Also the Blood being made more impure and thin by excrementi∣tious Whey, may cause an Arthritis, with a smaller Fea∣ver. And when the Gout is more general in many parts, and comes oftner, it is from Blood, which easily goeth through the Body, and not from a Defluxion from the Head, which is seldom the cause, but when it is in great quantity. Although a particular Gout, as the Feet and Hip, may be often from blood, with a Feaver. In these Gouts from blood, if it be very hot, and inflame the Nerves, the pain and burning is greater, with redness and tumor, (except it lye low, as in Sciatica) and with an erysipelated Phelg∣mon. But if the blood be waterish, the tumor will be spread like an Oedema, and the pain less, and not very troublesom, but because it is in divers parts.

The cause of the heat and foulness of the Blood is men∣tioned in Synochs, as the use of stronge wine excessively which weakens the brain by astonishment, and makes the blood increase, grow hot and thin, which is easily there∣fore inflamed, to produce a Feaver, by which a part of it is sent to the Joynts. This is the cause and punishment of the Gout. Hence it is the rich mans Disease, who u∣seth excess in wine, and spiced meats, that inflame the blood. And somtimes the poor mans from other causes, as is the Feaver with Erysipelas. It comes to all by the Disposition of the Part through weakness, and by loosness of the passages; as we shewed in Arthritis from Defluxion, especially if the Flux hath been often, which causeth grea∣ter weakness.

Also Blood sent to other parts that are fleshy in Sy∣nochs, as into the Emunctuaries of the Kernels there, may cause pain, with a Tumor and Feaver: as we shewed in Feavers. Or disturb by its plenty and thinness, when it goes to any part of its own accord, or by labor or pain.

An occult malignant Quality, as ap∣pears by the effect, being external, * 1.393 cau∣seth the pain about the Bones, which is called the fourth sort of French Pox. This Quality comes from the Body of a∣nother infected, whether totally or in part: Therefore Whores infected, though they walk abroad, and have not great accidents, may infect others. And somtimes a Whore takes it, and gives it to the next Customer, and clears her self. This Quality insecteth by touch, especially of the naked tender Privities in Copulation, and so it passeth from one Instrument of Generation to another, and so to the whole Body. Hence it is that it came from the In∣dies to us. And it may come by insected Excrements o∣ther wayes, as Sweat in Hankerchers or Shirts, or from Spittle, even as the poyson of venemous Breasts is com∣municated by biting; therefore beware of Spoons and Cups, wherein they drink, and Kisses by which Nurses in∣fect Children. For in my Fathers time in our honest Fa∣mily, my Mother was infected with her Child that she gave suck to, by that means, through a Harlot that was infected, and her servant. And my Father with the help of a Chyrurgion, cured them both by ordinary means. It may come also from the touching of mattery Clouts. And a Midwise of sixty years old in Paris, delivering a woman that had a venereal Ulcer, had an Ulcer in her Hand, by which means she infected many honest Women, when she touched their Privities, as Lewisa Burgesia, the famous Midwife to the Queen of France, recorded in her Book. Few Bodies are thus infected, but Infants and very tender People often touched. Nor can it come by breath, for then more would be infected; although many to smoo∣ther their unlawful Lechery, pretend it.

This Quality is in a Vapor or Humor, and goes from the Body to Body, and infects the Part it first toucheth, and seldom stayes there, but goes like poyson through the bo∣dy, especially into the membranous parts; and if it be outwards, it is like an Elephantiasis, and causeth loss of Hair, Pustles, and Ulcers: As that shall be shewed in dis∣eases of the Skin from the Pox. If it be deep in the solid parts, then it gets into the Periostium and Membranes, and causeth pain about the Bones, especially when there is no Flesh, and where many Membranes and Nerves meet in the Heart, Breast, Skins, and the like. These pains are increased with heat, and produce Nodes, after the Periostium is eaten away; as we shewed in Cepha∣laea, from congestion of humors. And few other inconve∣niences, but no great change in the Spirits and Humors, nor doth any thing appear of that Nature in the Urin, Ex∣crements, and Hurt of the Functions, except accidents do arise from great pain, and long continuance, or violent medicines, which we must rather study to cure then the Pox.

There is also inwardly a secret Malig∣nity, * 1.394 which being an enemy to some parts, causeth pain in the Habit of the Body, like this, such as we shewed might come from the Pox, taken from with∣out, or a Head-ach external without the Pox, when besides the distemper causeth pain, there is also Malignity, by which it lasteth longer. And some pains of the Joynts that come from Defluxion, * 1.395 when the Hu∣mor is malignant, may produce somthing malignant, and un∣known, formerly in divers Diseases, which is often and la∣sting, and hath its proper accidents, and can scarce be cu∣red. And we may very well con∣ceive that the pain in the Cramp, * 1.396 which runeth through the Body, comes from a perverse quality that is offensive to the Nerves, by the wonderful and strange accidents it produceth for a long time, by the Nerves, through the whole Body, to the ex∣tremity of them, where the pain is greatest. * 1.397 And those Diseases which are called Colds and Heats, come from Malignity, as appears by their prodigious Symptoms.

The Cure.

When accidents are joyned with pains in the Habit of the Body, * 1.398 and are greater we shewed the Cure thereof to be in the accidents that are most urgent. As when pain comes from Distention, and from too much motion, it becomes a stretching pain with Laziness, or a violent with the Cramp: The Cure of one is shewed in the Cramp, and of the other in Laziness. And if the pain increase from too much motion, and a Flux of blood be joyned, you must use the same Cure. And if the pain be chiefly in the Back from inward Diseases, it must be cu∣red as the Symptom of these Diseases. If Wind cause stretching pain, cure it as Spasmus, or Cramp, or Palpita∣tion. If the Members are weary, and broken by long lying and Compression, restore them as in Laziness. If any part is pained from Compression, the cause being ta∣ken away, it ceaseth, except Inflammation follow, which requires a Cure by it self. If pain come from broken or dislocated Bones appointed for motion that press the parts: The Cure is shewed in Immobility. If it be in o∣ther Fractures, that cause no loss of motion, because other internal and external accidents follow with Tumors, cure it as in Tumors. If pain come from a Rupture, see Rup∣tures and Tumors from thence. * 1.399 If there be evil Feeling from a hot or cold Distemper external upon the part, see the Diseases of the Skin. If from Feavers, see Feavers. If external Head-ach come from Humors, see Head-ach. If in a Palsie there be pain from a malignant Defluxion, see the Palsie.

We shall distinguish the Cause of Pains in the Habit of the Bo∣dy, * 1.400 which are greater then their accidents; as the three kinds, either such as are about the Joynts, or Flesh, or Bones, and cure them in respect of their Causes. But if the pain be from Flux of Blood, or Water called the pains of the Joynts: * 1.401 We shall cure it the same way. As if it be arthritis from the congestion of Humors, because it come from a Defluxion first. * 1.402 And the same way of cure shall shew how a heaviness of the Head from congestion of Humors, that goes before an Arthritis and Defluxion may be cured, and they prevented. * 1.403 And if pain like that from Deflu∣xion, come of wind, because the same things that dissolve a flowing Humor expel wind: We shall use the same way to cure and prevent the breeding thereof. But pains from a ma∣lignant quality, will have a particular Cure, as from the Pox, and the like, of which, when we have spoken of the Cure of Defluxions and Joynts.

Defluxions that fall generally into the Habit of the Body, * 1.404 though they are usu∣al, and upon divers parts, molesting more or less, and comming from light Causes and returning, except they fall upon the inward parts, especially the Midriff, are not so dangerous, and are easier cured then the Joynts. And pain from wind, is more easie to be cured. All Joynt∣pains are perverse and last long, and easily return. Among which, though the general Gout be the greatest pain, and somtimes dangerous, with other accidents, yet because the cause must be great, that must send it to so many pla∣ces, it is not so usual, and it comes slower, and seldomer then the rest, and somtimes never returns. Podagra and Chiragra are most usual, and return monthly or yearly, and are hard to be cured when sixed, but kill not but by other accidents, for many have lived long with the Gout, and others by the Gout have been freed from greater Dis∣eases, which the Defluxion using to fall before, upon more noble parts would have caused. The Sciatica and Shoulder-gout, are less usual then the Podagra, and more then the Arthritis, they return seldomer then the Podagra, and sooner then Arthritis, and somtimes are away some years, and return again, and last as long as an Arthritis, for some months, but with less danger. These things observed, we must make our Praedictions accordingly, especially in the Podagra fixed or haereditary, and not promise rashly to cure. But we must try if we can make it less, or come seldomer, and bring it to pass if possible, and comfort the Patient that age abateth the pain.

The Method of curing in Defluxions, * 1.405 and Joynt-pains, is to prevent, and take away the pain: We must prevent so that they may return less and seldo∣mer. By hindering the increase of blood or water in the Head, or the whole Body, by Diet and Evacuations, and Correcters of Distemper and Weakness. We divert the Flux from the Joynts and other parts, with things that stop, or by deri∣vation of the Humor. And we confirm and strengthen the parts, to which they use to flow, when they are loose and weak, that they may not receive the humors, and a∣mend the distemper.

After the Defluxion is fallen, and in the time of pain, we cure by stopping at the Fountain, or straintning the passages, through which the Humor flows, and by Revul∣sion from the part, and Derivation and Repercussion, and we allay the pain, and prevent a new Defluxion, procee∣ding by degrees, especially after the Humor is fallen down to things that digest it, if it be Blood, and discuss, as in o∣ther Inflammations. If it be another Humor, let the means be stronger, and if it lye deep, more attractive, and consuming or opening. And in the Declination, we strengthen the part, and consume the residue. These are done divers wayes, as the Defluxion is upon the Joynts, and Members, or Back, Breast, or Neck, or Face (of which in Tooth-ach) or as it is a general Arthritis, or a Poda∣gra, Chiragra, Gonagra, Sciatica, or Shoulder-gout, cal∣led Pain of the Homoplate, by Diet, or Medicine, by Eva∣cuations, by Stool, Vomit, Spitting, Sweating, Pissing, Cutting, Burning: Also by Alterers inwardly taken, and outwarly applied, as follows.

The Diet must be to prevent Excre∣ments and Humors, * 1.406 or keep them from flowing. Let the Air be temperate and dry, for cold, windy, cloudy, and moist Weather and hot, provokes Defluxions, and the more when it suddenly alters from cold to hot. Let not the Patient wash his Hands or Feet in Water, for it is hurtful, whether cold or hot. And Wine is better, as we shall shew in strengthning the Joynts. Let the Diet be convenient in quantity and quality, with Exercise, Sleep, and other Motions of Mind and Body: As we shewed at large in Weakness of the Stomach, to prevent Excrements. If it comes from Blood, we must diet as in Feavers, espe∣cially in Gouts, that easily return, as the Podagra, and good order of Diet-wine, and Women wil prevent, or abate the Gout: As when there is a simple exquisite Diet, only eating once a day, abstaining from wine, or drinking it sparingly, or with water. Instead whereof they may have Drinks made fit, or Meath. As for Venery, they must either give it over, or use it seldom, and not standing. And this may be the reason why Hippocrates saith that Women have not the Gout, before they have used Venery, and Eunuchs seldom have the Gout.

When the pain is begun, let the Diet be thin, and let them fast as much as they can; and use Medicines proper in their Diet, according to the accidents. In the Arthri∣tis forbid wine. And if they be hot or feaverish, give steeled water, Juleps, and sharp Syrups, if the Defluxion be in its Course. If they be not hot, give the Decoction of Coriander, with Syrups, or Hydromel, and rub the whole parts, and the opposite to derive the Humor instead of Exercise.

To prevent Defluxions and Joynt∣pains, open the Belly, * 1.407 and purge Spring and Fall, and at other times, if the Body be foul, as the Humor is wa∣terish, which requires stronger means, or bloody, which requires less, with Praeparatives if need be: as we shew∣ed. If a Podagra comes from Blood, we shewed the cure in a Synoch, with Erysipelas. If Defluxions and Arthri∣tis come from water, there are Purges mentioned in Dis∣eases of the Brain and Nerves. If the Humor now flow, they must be used warily, least the Defluxion increase thereby, chiefly in the Joynt-pains; not only from Blood, in which it is enough to keep the Belly open, but if from other Defluxions, because they are thin, and easily stirr'd, use gentle Purgers, with Binders, and divert the Matter rather then move it with strong Medicines. This must be observed at the beginning, in the Cure of Arthritis, in the Pains of the Joynts, it is best to avoid strong Purging, not only for the reasons shewed, but to hinder pain by vio∣lent motion, use Laxatives first and after strong Pur∣gers.

Thus, give Clysters to prevent and cure, for they open the Belly, and draw from the Joynts and other parts. Es∣pecially in the Sciatica, and pain of the Back and Loyns, from Defluxions, because they come near to the parts af∣fected, and abate the pain, and if they be strong, draw the Humor away: Let them be such as were mentioned in the like case.

Or if the pain come from blood, make a cooling and pricking Clyster of the Decoction of Polypody, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Violets, Beets, Mercury, Bran, and cold Seeds, with Sugar, Honey, Oyl, Butter, Cassia, Yolks of Eggs, and the like.

In other cases of Defluxions and Arthritis, especially in the Hip and Parts adjacent, use this common loosning, pricking, and anodyne Clyster. Take Althaea roots two ounces, Orris an ounce, Mallows, Blues, Beets, Coleworts, Mercury, Bettony, Calamints, Penny-royal, each a handful; Chamomil, Melilot, Dilt, Stoechas, and Lavender flowers, each a pugil; Foenugreek, and Lineseed; each half an ounce; Caraway seeds, and Rue, each a dram; Bran a pugil, boyl and strain, add Honey two ounces, red Sugar an ounce, Tur∣pentine, dissolved with the York of an Eg, a dram and an half, Hiera, Catholicon, or Electuary Indi half an ounce, Oyl of Lillies, and Chamomil, each an ounce and half; Sal Gem half a dram: make a Clyster.

Another that heats and discusseth. Take Orris roots an ounce, Calamus, Elicampane, each half an ounce; Hedg∣mustard, Groundpine, Calamints, or Balm, Time, Marjoram, Bettony, each three handsuls; Flowers of St. Johns-wort, Staechas, Lavender, and Rosemary, each a pugil; Bay-ber∣ries half an ounce, Cummin, and Sasely seed, each two drams; boyl them in Wine, and Water, add Honey of Rosemary an ounce and an half; Juyce of Rue an ounce, Sack two ounces, Benedicta Laxativa an ounce, Castor a scruple, Oyl of Rue three ounces, with a little Salt make a Clyster, if you add half a dram of Oyl of Spike, or a little Oyl of Time, Rosema∣ry, Calamints, it will be stronger.

In the pain about the Loyns, give Oyl of Rue alone.

A sharp diverting and purging Clyster. Take Briony∣roots, and Hermodacts, each six drams, Agarick, Asarum, each two drams; Hedg-mustard, Penny-royal, Wormwood, each a handful; Tops of Centaury a pugil, Rue, and Hedg∣mustard seed, each two drams; boyl, strain, and add Honey an ounce and an half, Ʋrin of a Boy two ounces, Hiera Loga∣dij, Rufi, or Colocynthidos three drams, Juyce of Water cres∣ses an ounce, Oyl of bitter Almonds three ounces, with a little Salt make a Clyster. If you add a dram of Coloquintida, it will be better.

Also Decoctions mixed with the Pickle of Fishes, and u∣rin alone, makes good Clysters. Some add Chymical Oyls

And others give Sory in Wine, which corrodes, and the Pickle of the Fish Silurus.

Suppositories also that are sharp, stir up Nature, and derive from the part. As, Take boyled Honey, and add a dram of Hiera, Esula half a dram, Sal Gem. a scruple, with Mouse dung make a Suppository.

All these Purges composed against the Gout and other Defluxions; if it come from Blood, give gentle things, as Syrup of Roses, Cassia, Manna, Catholicon, Diapru∣nis, Tryphera Persica, and Broath of an old Cock, Dios∣corides.

Or this: Take Rhubarb four scruples, Spike half a scru∣ple, infuse them in Water of Iva, or the like, strain, and dissolve some of the forementioned therein. Or if you will have it stronger, two drams of Electuary of Juyce of Roses.

To cleanse the Blood. Take Hops and Fumitory, each a handful; Cordial Flowers a pugil, Sebestens six pair, Ta∣marinds half an ounce, Liquorish three drams, Polypody half an ounce, Thyme, and Epithymum, each a dram; Senna two drams, boyl, strain, and infuse therein Rhubarb a drams Spike a scruple, Citrine Myrobalans a dram and half, strain them ad Syrup of Roses an ounce, or half an ounce of Catholicon, or Triphera: make a Potion.

Or this Decoction. Take the Broath of an old Cock, Capon, or Veal, boyl therein Bark of Lignum vitae, or the Wood two ounces, and insuse in the hot strained Liquor, Senna two ounces, let it cool by degrees twenty four hours, add Syrup of Roses four ounces. Give it four mornings, with a little Cinnamon-water, this draws Water from the part. And some add an ounce of the Water of Bears Ear to every Dose.

Or this Syrup. Take Myrobalans, Chebs, yellow and in∣dy, each an ounce; Polypody an ounce and half, Raisons sto∣ned twenty pair, Cordial Flowers two drams, Spike half a dram, infuse them in Wormwood-water, boyl, and strain, and add Juyce of Roses six ounces, Manna four ounces, Sugar two ounces, give three ounces at a time.

If it come from a wheyish Humor, give Hiera, Ale∣phangina, Assaieret, or Pills of Rhubarb and Agarick.

An Electuary: Take Catholicon an ounce and half, Senna six drams, Tartar half an ounce, Anise-seed two drams, Rue seed half a dram, Roots of five leaved Grass a dram, Ginger half a dram, Cinnamon a dram, with Syrup of Roses make an Electuary: Give a bolus every week.

A Potion: Take Chips of Guaicum half a pound, Roots of Dwarse elder, Elicumpane, Hermodacts, each half an ounce; Senna four ounces, Agarick half an ounce, Ginger half a dram, with Honey, Wine, and Water, make a Decoction for six doses, every other third day, or twice a week.

A Potion: Take Agarick two drams, Rhubarb a dram and half, Myrobalans, Chebs, and Citrine, each half a dram; Aloes a dram, Roots of five leaved Grass, of Birthwort, Spike, Mastick, Myrrh, Amber, Cubebs, Ginger, each a scruple; with Turpentine make Pills: Give half a dram twice or thrice in a week, add Diagredium, if you will have it stronger.

Or these: Take Rhubarb, Agarick, each half an ounce; Myrobalans, Chebs, and Citrine, each a dram; Aloes two drams, Sarcocol, Rdellium, Sagapenum, each half a dram; Roots of Birthwort, Valerian, Meum, Gentian, Herb Iva, Germander, Tops of Centaury, St. Johns-wort, Parsley seed, each a scruple; Spike, Zedoary, Ginger, Mace, Sal Gem. each half a scruple; with Syrup of Coleworts make a Mass.

Pills of Hermodacts good in the Joynts, may be used to prevent. The Arabians make them of Hermodacts, Cum∣min, and Ginger, with Honey; the Greeks add Cartha∣mus seeds, Euphorbium, Myrrh, Mastick, Anise, Pepper. The strongest are these called the lesser, made of Scammo∣ny, Hermodacts, Myrobalans, Aloes, and Roses, and are good in a hot Cause. Those called the greater, work strongest, and are best in a cold Cause, made of Hermo∣dacts, Coloquintida, Turbith, Myrobalans, Aloes, Bdel∣lium, Sagapenum, Opopanax, Sarcocol, Euphorbium, Castor, Rue seed, Agrimony, Smallage, and Saffron, with Juyce of Coleworts. Arthritical or Joynt-pills, are made of Hermodacts, Turbith, Agarick, Scammony, A∣loes, Sal Gem. with Spices, Gums, and Seeds that break the Stone.

Or make Pills of Hermodacts, choosing alwayes the white, smooth, and easie to be beaten, that have a white Pouder, take heed of the Colchick poyson, whose heads are wrinkled, and are black within, and without, or dark red. Thus, Take true Hermodacts half an ounce, Aloes, Turbith, Agarick, each a dram and half; Rhubarb, Myro∣balans, Citrine, and Chebs, each a dram; Mastick two scru∣ples, Euphorbium a scruple, Ginger, and Cummin seeds, each half a dram; Saffron half a scruple, with Honey, or Syrup of Roses make a Mass, give a dram, add if you will make them stronger, Diagredium a dram, or Troches of Alhandal two scruples, and to two scruples, add a scruple of Rhubarb, and with the Juyce of Iva, Coleworts, or Roses make Pills.

Or thus: Take Aloes six drams, Citrine Myrobalans a dram and half, Turbith, Hermodacts, each half a dram; Rhu∣barb a dram, Sal Gem. Ginger, each half a scruple; Dia∣gredium; Troches, of Alhandal, each three scruples and an half; with Syrup of Roses make Pills.

In Defluxions for to purge strongly, give an Electuary of Citrons, Juyce of Roses, Elescoph (Amoron of the French King, is commended in the Sciatica) and sine qui∣bus Pills, of Myrobalans, and Aggregative. We use also things to purge Flegm from the Head and Nerves, as Dia∣phaenicon, Diacarthamum, Indy majus, Pills of Cochiae Aureae, Foetidae, and of Sagapenum.

An Electuary commended by Galen, and others to take a∣way pain of the Joynts presently. Take Hermodacts, and Diagredium, each two drams; Ginger, Cloves, Cummin, and bitter Costus, each an ounce, with Honey boyled in white Wine three ounces, make an Electuary; give two or four drams in a Wafer dipt in Wine, or drink it in Wine.

Or this: Take Hermodacts, and Turbith, each two drams and an half; Agarick a dram, Aloes, Scammony, each two drams; Lilly roots, and Squills roasted each a dram and half; Tops of Centaury six drams, Olibanum, Galbanum, Ammo∣niacum, each a dram; Mastick a dram, Anise, Fennel, Par∣sley seed, each three drams; Cloves six drams, Cinnamon half an ounce, Cubebs, Spike, each two drams; Carpobalsom, and Wood-balsom, each a dram; three Peppers, each half a dram; Saffron a scruple, Castor half a scruple, make a Pouder, and with Honey an Electuary, give it as the other.

Or the Electuary of Zeno.

Tablets for the same. Take Hermodacts two drams, Turbith a dram and an half, Diagredium a dram, Rhubarb two drams, Spike a dram, Calamus, Cubebs, long Pepper, each half a dram; Sugar four ounces, dissolved in Rose-water, make Lozenges, give two drams.

Or thus: Take Turbith, and Rhubarb, each two drams; Carthamus seeds three drams, Diagredium a dram, Cinnamon, yellow Sanders, and red Roses, each a dram; with two ounces of Sugar dissolved in Rose-water, make Tablets.

Much may be done by Vomit to prevent, because it cleanseth and deriveth, if they who are used to it, vomit once or twice in a month, or more two days together, es∣pecially presently after Meat, which if it were fat, and strong, and much, and the Belly rubbed, the Vomiting will be easier. In all Defluxions, and kinds of Gouts, Vomits, and Clysters, are better then Purges to divert. And in the Sciatica, it is good to vomit two or three days together.

Asarum and Broom are chiefly commended for Vomits in the Gout; as the Decoction of the Seeds or Roots of Asarum boyled in Water or Whey, or the Decoction of Broom flowers, and the Seeds of Ricinus in Broath.

Also the Decoction of Raddish seed, Atriplex, Dill, Water-cresses, Rocket, Dwarse-elder, in the broath of an old Cock, with Oyl of Olive, of Chamomil, or Oxymel, or Honey, and Water, and the like.

By much Spitting we draw Flegm from the Head, as the Fountain to prevent Defluxions, especially when by the heaviness of the Head, we suppose the Humor is ga∣thered there; and when Nature doth not purge that way, we help her with Masticatories and Errhines.

Also Sweating is good to prevent serous humors, breed∣ing the Gout, and they cannot be better sent from the whol Habit of the Body. And because the blood is there∣by purged from water, it is good when the Gout comes from blood, to make it thicker.

They are continued a long time for four or five weeks, by a sweating Potion, in the Morning, and before Supper, made of the Decoction of Guaicum, Sarsa, or China, with Water of Iva arthritica, with a sparing Diet, with the Decoction of the same for Drink. And you may make Wine of the same; as we shewed in the French Pox. Also use Baths for a month, this will strengthen the Joynts.

Also it is good once a week, after Purging to sweat, to take away the Defluxion, by a dry bath, morning, and be∣fore supper, or in bed, with Treacle, Mithridate, or Rob of Elder a dram, Syrup of St. Ambrose six drams. And with the Decoction of Rupture-wort. Or half an ounce of Dwarfe-elder roots, or four scruples of the Seeds infu∣sed a night in white Wine, is good in the Gout.

Also you may sweat by Fumes.

It is not amiss to discuss the Matter, by sweating; as I at large shewed in impotent Motion.; In a Tub that hath had strong Water, and Jumper burnt in it, or in a Cradle made on purpose, with an Alembick under it with proper things.

Also after Purging it is good to sweat, especially if Na∣ture move that way, when the Defluxion is but in the be∣ginning of an Arthitis force it not, least the Humor being thin, flow the faster; but if Nature tend that way, give some gentle Helpers mentioned.

By pissing plentifully, the serous humors are carried from the Veins and whole Body, and it is good to pre∣vent Gouts. And somtimes we provoke Urin in the Fit to derive, with the Decoction of Pease, opening Roots, Asparagus, Melon seeds, and the like in the morning.

We prevent Defluxions and Gouts, by opening a Vein in full and foul bo∣dies, * 1.408 in Spring and Fall, especially when the Gout is from blood. And Galen saith that he prevented the Gout by purging, and bleeding, and tempe∣rate Diet. Open the Arm-vein for ge∣neral Evacuation; or that in the Foot, for particular, which is good in Women, when the Terms are stopt. And it is acknowledged a singular Remedy to prevent the Po∣dagra to let blood twice a year in the Foot. And it de∣riveth and preventeth, if it be done in the sound Foot. And some open the Vein in the Loyns by the Buttocks, to prevent the Sciatica.

For Cure of Defluxions and Gouts from Blood, it is good to bleed at first, for Revulsion in the part distant, as in the arm or hand, to draw from the feet, or to derive by the part, near where it is found. In the Sciatica from blood, open a vein in the arm to revel; Hippocrates ope∣neth them behind the Ears; and the Arabians opened the Veins by the little Finger. This done, open the Vein in the Ham or Ankle within, to derive, or without, if it ap∣pear most, which is called the Sciatica-vein, for its great benefit: This alone cures somtimes. This is done on the same side the Sciatica is, although we have known by ex∣perience, that bleeding on the sound side hath cured. This bleeding in the Foot is good when the pain is not from blood, but then bleed not in the arm before. Otherwise you must not bleed rashly in particular Gouts from water, least you move the humors, except from the great pain, you fear a new Flux of blood, and then you may do it for Revulsion.

We use also Cupping and Scarification to prevent. of what cause soever it come, in the inside of the Leggs or Ankles: It is good in Podagra and Sciatica. It is chief∣ly good every new Moon, to scarifie in the sole of the foot, under the great Toe, to prevent a Podagra. And in the beginning of Defluxions and Joynt-pains; it is good for turning the Matter another way, in the opposite sound part, as in the Sciatica in the Buttocks and Leggs, and in the Shoulder-pain in the Scapulae. And to bleed by Leeches, in the Haemorrhoids especially, where there hath been a custom.

Some teach that they can stop the Flux to the part, by opening and tying the Vein. And some have drawn yel∣low Water from the Hands and Feet, by cutting, which Hippocrates alloweth. But when no certain Matter ap∣pears, the way is doubtful and dangerous. And a light Incision is good when the Nodes or Knots strive to get out, and the skin is there.

Also the Flux of Humors is diverted by burning and blistering, this is the best to prevent, and to cure by draw∣ing forth the matter; and is to be used chiefly when the matter lyeth deep, and will not be discussed by Medicines. as in the Sciatica, and Shoulder-gout, or other kind, or defluxion upon the Members, when the Cause of the Dis∣ease sticks stoutly: This is the last Remedy to take it out.

The gentlest way is to apply things that make the skin red, only in the Hip, Shoulder, and other fleshy parts, upon the pain. As Sinapisms made of Mustard seed, and Vine∣gar one part, and Figgs, or Leaven two or three parts, with Pigeons dung.

Stronger things blister and burn, called Vesicatories and Cauteries, these are applied behind the Neck to prevent, or to the arms to cure, to stop the Flux a little above the part, or when it is flown below it, as in the Joynt-pains, below in the Joynt, in the Sciatica, in the Instep, or to the Buttocks, in the Gonagra to the Ham, or upon the part.

These Vesicatories are Flamula, Crowfoot, Spargrass, Daphnoides, Capsicum, Dragons bruised, or Nettles, or Milk of Figgs, with Bran, and Vinegar.

Or apply a potential Cautery of Spanish Flies, and Lea∣ven, and things that take away pain, mentioned in ope∣ning Imposthumes.

This is done sooner and better, with a hot Iron, and they will not feel so much pain, if you clap first a Plate of cold Iron upon the part, to be burnt, which hath a hole in it, through which the Cautery Iron may pass, for by the Coldness of it, and pressing, and stupefying of the skin, the pain is not felt.

We give to prevent the Gout that re∣turns so often, * 1.409 when it comes of blood things to cool and thicken it. Such as we shewed in Synochs, with Erysipelas, as sharp Waters and Spaws, by use where∣of many have been kept free from the Gout. I knew a man that was troubled with the Gout, and lived many years after, by the use of a Drink made of Bar-berries, Prunes, Plumbs Apples, and four Pears, with a few Juniper-berries; and some have been cured by drinking of ashes, Milk; others with Vinegar, for di∣vers dayes. Dioscorides commends Vinegar, and Honey; others Vinegar of Squills.

If the pain come from a watery Defluxion, then give things to consume it, and to strengthen the brain and Nerves, by which the Gout is prevented, if constantly u∣sed. And the Podagra from blood, is so prevented by temperate things that consume the Serum, and make the blood purer and thicker, These are mentioned in a Pal∣sie from Flegm, and Weakness of Stomach, and other Dis∣eases from Defluxions.

Among which the Water of Groundpine, or Iva arthri∣tica, is best, or the Decoction thereof, in Hydromel, Oi∣nomel, or Honey, and Wine, Water, or Vinegar, called Oxymel, if often drunk; or a syrup of the juyce of it; or a Conserve, or a Pouder of the same; or of Primrose, or Cowslips. Also Bettony, Sage, and Stoechas.

These following taken many weeks together, dry up Defluxions, and are excellent.

As Decoction of Althaea roots, Grass roots, Aspara∣gus, five leaved Grass, white Thorn, Echium, Corn-pop∣pey, and Aethiop leaves, are approved of Dioscorides a∣gainst the Sciatica, in wine, or wine and water, with Ho∣ney and Sugar.

An Electuary. Take Conserve of Groundpine two oun∣ces, of Primrose, Lilly of the Valleys, Broom, and Bettony flo∣wers each an ounce and half, Conserve of Roses an ounce, Cinna∣mon a dram, Cloves, Galangal, Nutmeg, each half a dram; Ginger a scruple, Spike half a scruple, Coral a dram, Harts horn, and Ivory, each half a dram; with Syrup of Bettony, or Groundpine, make an Electuary: Give as much as a Nut∣meg, and drink Bettony water upon it.

Another: Take Seeds of St. Johns-wort, Leaves of Ger∣mander, each two ounces; Groundpine an ounce and an half, Bettony half an ounce, round Birthwort roots an ounce and half, Sarsa an ounce, Angelica six drams, Sassaphras half an ounce, Asphodel roots, if they can be had two drams, Ivory, Harts horn, Amber, each a dram; red Coral a dram and half, Cinnamon two drams, Cloves a dram, Saffron half a dram, add to them poudered being an ounce, two ounces of Honey, give four scruples or a dram. If you would have Pills, mix the Pouders with Turpentine, and some proper sy∣rup, and give half a dram.

Another to be used daily. Take Sarsa four ounces, St. Johns-wort seeds, Leaves of Groundpine, and Germander, each eight ounces; round Birthwort roots six ounces, Angelica three ounces, Cinnamon two drams, Cloves four scruples, Saffron two scruples, with Honey boyled in white Wine, make an Electu∣ary.

Or these Pills: Take Roots of round Birthwort, and An∣gelica, each two drams; Leaves of Groundpine three drams, Rupturewort a dram, Spike half a dram, Saffron a scruple, Ashes of dead mens Skuls a dram and half, with Turpentine, and syrup of Bettony, make Pills: Give a dram.

Sciatica pills: Take Pouder of Groundpine six drams, Gum Ammoniacum, and Opopanax, each a dram; Myrrh half a dram, Castor a scruple, Enphorbium half a scruple, with Turpentine make Pills.

A Sciatica Electuary: Take Groundpine, and German∣der, and Ivy, each half an ounce; Rue, Sage, Mugwort, Sa∣vine, Bettony, Thyme, each a dram; Seeds of St. Johnswort, or Ascyri, or Androsaemum three drams, wild Rue, and Sou∣thernwood seeds, each a dram; Madder, and Monks-Rhu∣barb roots, each a dram and half; Pepper, and Cardamoms, each half a dram; make a pouder, and with a pound of Ho∣ney an Electuary, give a dram.

Or, Take the Pouder last mentioned an ounce and half, Roots of Xyris, Polemonium, and white Poplar barks, each a dram and half; of Heliochrys, Arctium, Chamaecyssus, cal∣led Ground-Ivy, Dasy flowers, and Comfrey, each a dram; Cappar, and Ocimastrum seeds, or wild Basil, each half a dram; with Honey make an Electuary: Give it as the former.

An excellent Syrup against all sorts of Gouts. Take Sarsa two ounces, Calamus, and Roots of five leaved Grass, and Birthwort, each an ounce; Angelica half an ounce, Asarum two drams, Groundpine, Rupturewort, and Bettony, and Ger∣mander, each a handful; Sage, Thyme, Mints, Marjoram, each half a handful; Primrose, and Comfroy flowers, each a pugil; Rosemary, Staechas, and Lavender flowers, each half a handful; Aniseseeds half an ounce, St. Johns-wort seeds two drams, Basil, Seseli, and Rue seed, each a dram; boyl them in Water, and the third part Wine, strain, and add Honey a pint, make a Syrup, with Cinnamon two drams, Cloves a dram: Give an ounce to prevent, alone, or with Water of Groundpine, or Bettony.

A Pouder of ashes to dry up Water. Take Ashes of a dead mans Skull an ounce, of a Bulls pizzle, or Castor half an ounce, of Swallows, Cuckow, or Kites two drams, of Harts∣horn, and burnt Ivory, each a dram; of Amber half a dram, Pearl half a scruple, Cinnamon two drams, Diagalangal and Diamoschum, each half a dram; Sugar of Roses, and Sugar Candy, as much as all the rest: Give a dram and half, and drink wine with proper distilled water thereupon, or make Tablets with Sugar dissolved in Bettony or Ground∣pine water.

In the Cure, give things to stop the Humor, when it falls. If it be blood, let it be cooled and thickned, with syrup of Violets, Water-lillies, Endive dryed, red Roses, Myrtles, Julep of Roses and Violets, with Water of Sor∣rel, Plantane, Lettice, Roses, and the like. Or with a Decoction of Prunes, Sebestens, Jujubes, and the things mentioned in Synochs. To stop the Humor, use things mentioned in Defluxions and Catarrhs.

Somtimes give Narcotick Opiats in both cases, they are not dangerous, for they abate pain, and stop the Flux, as Treacle and Mithridate; and if the Defluxion be wa∣terish, ad a little Bole. Also Philonium Asyncritum, and things mentioned in Colicks that heat, if there be pain and watching.

Adding as followeth, to stop Defluxions. Take Ma∣stick, Frankincense, each a dram; Storax half a dram, fine Bole a dram and half, Ivory and Bedeguar, each half a dram; Spike half a dram, Saffron half a scruple, Opium five grains, with Syrup of Poppies make Pills: Give two mornings and evening.

We apply Remedies to the head and other parts, some at first, * 1.410 others in the declination.

In a Defluxion or Gout, from Rhewm from the Head, after decent purging, we apply dryers and strengthners to the head out of the fit after the Defluxion, and in the fit, when we fear not the Return of the Defluxion; as we shewed in Diseases from Flegm.

As Lotions for the Head, of Sage, Marjoram, Bettony, Groundpine, Stoechas, Lavender, Rosemary, Agarick, and the like boyled in Lye of Vine ashes, with other drying things proper for the Head.

After washing, that it may not raise a Defluxion pre∣sently, dry the Head with a fumed Cloath, with Amber, Mastick, or Sandarach, and then comb it well.

Also Pouders in Caps are good, or for the Hair, made of Head-herbs, and dryers; as Nigella, Mastick.

We apply to the parts receiving the Defluxion to pre∣vent it, things to strengthen, and to consume the residue, and to confirm the Cure.

The Hand or Foot is to be often washed with a Lye of steeled water, and ashes of Beech, Oak, Juniper, Vine, Horse bones, and Dears bones, and the like, Rosemary, Bayes, Hermodacts.

To this Lixivium we add Wine, or Urin, or Salt, or Allum, to make it stronger, sometimes Tartar, and Brim∣stone.

Salt-water whether natural or artificial, doth the same thing, alone, or poured through ashes, to which Myrth added, makes a good Fomentation.

Or the decoction of Juniper, or Salt, or of Rapes, or a Fox inbowel'd.

Or thus, when there is a loose Tumor in the declinati∣on of a Disease. Take Roots of Dwarse-elder a pound, Groundpine a handful, red Roses, Chamomil, and Melilot flo∣wers, each a pugil; Pomegranate flowers, and Myrtle seeds, each a dram; Earth worms many, boyl them in four parts of Lixivium, two parts of Wine, and one of Water.

Or this: Take Dwarse-elder roots, and Hemp two ounces, Sage, Wormwood, Bayes, Organ, Penny royal, Calamints, Mints, Thyme, Groundpine, Bettony, Hysop, Plantane three handfuls, Moulin, Rosemary flowers, and red Roses three pu∣gils, Juniper and Bay-berries a pugil, Myrtle berries half an ounce, Cypress nuts an ounce, Pomegranate peels and flowers half an ounce; make a Decoction in Water, and the fourth part Wine, add Salt an ounce, Allum half an ounce, wash therein to astringe more, add Galls, Acacia, Hypocistis an ounce, and for the poor, Stones, Pears, Services, Medlars.

Oyntments to strengthen the weak loose parts, are. Oyl of Grape stones, with Oyl of Salt, and Oyl of Hazle-nuts, Cherries, de Been, Citrinum Oyntment, and that of O∣range flowers.

A strengthening Oyntment. Take Oyl of Myrtles two ounces, Salt two drams, Myrrh a dram.

It is said that the ashes of a Kites head or bones, with Oyl, is proper.

Another: Take Oyl of Worms, and Froggs, each an ounce and an half; Oyl of Roses, and Goose grease dropt in∣to Vinegar each an ounce; Acacia, and Pomegranate flowers, each a dram, Cow dung dryed two drams, Salt a dram, burnt Allum half a dram, with Wax make an Oyntment.

Or this: Take Bramble tops, Sumach, and Housleek, boyl them in red Wine, add of Barley flower not ripe and parched, called Alphitum as much, with the sixth part of Pouder of Pomegranate peels make a Cataplasm.

This is an excellent Remedy to strengthen and ease pain in the Gout. Take an old Boar Cat that is fat and black if it may be had, gut him, and flea him, cut off his Head and Feet, and put him into the paste following. Take Goose grease, that is the dripping of a Goose, which fell when it is roasted into a Dripping-pan half ful of Wine and Vine∣gar four ounces or six, Pitch, Turpentine two ounces, Badgers grease, Dears sue••, each two ounces; Virgins wax four ounces,

Oyntment of Agrippa an ounce, Frankincense, and Mastick, each half an ounce; make a Paste, stuff the Cat therewith, and roast it, keep the dripping for an Oyntment.

It is good to strengthen weak Hands and Feet, to put them into the Wine-press, where there are black Grapes.

They say Sextus Pompeius was cured with Sweating in a Heap of warm Wheat.

Also Baths of Sulphur, Salt, or Niter, both sweat and strengthen. And bucketing of the Head therewith, as the Custom is, cureth the Disease at the Fountain. And the Mud or bottom of such Waters, applied to the parts strengthneth.

Or artificial Baths of strengthening Herbs mentioned, and the skin of a Dog are proper.

In the time of using all these, least the humors be stirr'd up by heat and moisture, and sent to the part which is weak, and apt to receive them, use the defensive Plaisters mentioned.

For Cure, at the first grudging, apply outwardly things to stay the Flux. In the Arthritis, especially apply them to the Joynt within, and bind them if you can, and rowle them.

Make them of Bole, the white of an Eg, and Vinegar, and apply it with Cotton or Linnen.

Or, Take Bole two ounces, Dragons blood half an ounce, Snakeweed roots, Acorn cupps, each a dram and an half; pou∣der them, and with Vinegar, and whites of Eggs, apply them, you may add Pomegranate flowers, Spunge, Roses, Grape∣seeds, and the like.

Or make it of Litharge, Bole, Vinegar, whites of Eggs, and Mucilage of Fleabane seed.

Add a little Oyl to keep it from drying too soon.

Or, Take Pulp of green Pears, Quinces, Services, Cornil∣berries, Medlars, Dates, Olives, boyl them in red Vinegar, with Crumbs of Bread, and make a Cataplasm.

Or use the Plaisters against Rhewms in the Eyes, men∣tioned in Ophthalmy.

Bind the part affected very hard: and the Thighs that the Humor fall not down.

Upon the part also lay (according to the time of the Disease, as it is in the beginning or progress, or as the Flux is flowing or flowed to the part) Repellers, or Anodynes, or Narcoticks, or Dissolvers.

At the first while the Cause floweth, use astringents and repellers, that bind and are cold, when it comes from blood, and there is Heat in the part. But in the Sciati∣ca and other fleshy parts, where the humor lyeth deep, they profit little. These we use with anodynes somtimes and gentle dissolvers; Thus,

Hippocrates bids us use cold Water to repel and cool, or Snow, or cold Vinegar, applied with a Clout often.

Or three parts Water, and one Vinegar, or red Wine two parts, with Bran, and Lineseed boyled therein, or Lu∣pins, when the disease is in the increase.

Or boyl Vinegar and Water in the same proportion, with Wheat, or Barley-meal, and Lineseed, to a Cata∣plasm.

Or use Plantane, Lysimachia, Housleek, Violets, Pur∣slane, Endive, Solomons-seal, Fleabane, Nightshade, Pel∣litory, and Poplar leaves, of Gourds, Water-lillies, Lens palustris, or wild Lentils, with Oyl of Grease, first incor∣porated with Meals and Vinegar.

Or Coleworts, with Fleabane seed, or Foenugreek, and Vinegar, or roasted Quinces, and Barley meal.

Or Plantane leaves bruised with Barley meal, and Crumbs of bread, and Oyl of Roses.

Or boyl Bran and Barley meal in steeled Water, with Roses, add Oyl of Roses, and at first Vinegar, and in the increase, Flowers or Oyl of Chamomil.

Or mix the Juvces of the Herbs with barley flower, Oyl of Roses or Violets, with the Yolk of an Eg, and Turpentine and Vinegar.

Or thus; Take Oyl of Roses four ounces, Juyce of Lettice, or the like, two ounces, Vinegar an ounce, with two Yolks of Eggs, and Barley-meal, make a Paste.

Or, Take Oyl of Roses, and Vinegar, each two ounces; Bole two drams, red Sanders a dram.

Or a little Ceruss, with Waters, or Juyces, and Vine∣gar, or Oyl of Roses, or Violets, with distilled Waters.

Or the Decoction of the Herbs mentioned, with Vine∣gar, for an Epithem.

Or use Galens cool Oyntment, the Countesses, or Oyntment of Poplar. These are also good when there is a hot Defluxion upon the Loyns.

Or a great pain, use Anodynes, such as by gentle heat, do rarifie and cherish, mixt with Repellers in the begin∣ning, while the Humor flows; and after, when the Mat∣ter is flowed or fallen; things that dissolve more: Thus,

Pour warm Milk thereon, or apply it with a Clout. And at first quench Steel in it, and to allay pain, boyl in it Foenugreek, or Lineseed, Hermodacts, or the like.

Or add an ounce of Sulphur, or Litharge, to a pint of Milk, it will discuss what is gathered to the part.

Or, Take an Eg, and beat it with Oyl of Roses, or Cha∣momil, and Crumbs of Bread, and apply it with a little Saffron.

Or hard Eggs beaten with the fourth part of Myrrh, and Chamomil flowers, and Saffron.

Or foment with Oyl of Roses and Wool, or of Violets, in which Earth-worms are boyled, and after in the pro∣gress, with Oyl of Chamomil, and Foxes, Oyl of Eggs al∣layes pain.

Or, Take Lineseed oyl, Oyl of Earth-worms, and Elder, each half an ounce; Saffron three grains, Camphire two grains, anoint the part, and roule it up with a Rouler dipt in Boys urin,

Or make a Pultis of sweet Apples boyled, and Oyl of Roses, or Froggs, or Chamomil.

Or apply Cassia, with Barley-meal, and Fleabane seed, with Oyls of Roses, or Chamomil, Rose, Nightshade, or Plantane-water.

Or steep or boyl brown Bread Crumbs in Milk, and add to a pint three Yolks of Eggs, and six ounces of Oyl of Roses, or Chamomil. When you will cool and repel, leave out the Oyls, and add Juyce of Nightshade, Plan∣tane four ounces, Vinegar two ounces, or boyl the Herbs first in Milk.

Or use Fleabane, and Lineseed bruised and boyled in Water to a Slime, with Water of Roses, Nightshade, and Housleek, and an Egg, while it is hot, add Mucilage of Lineseed, Wax, Oyl of Roses, or Chamomil, and Vine∣gar.

Or apply Foenugreek bruised and boyled in Oxymel, or Vinegar, and Honey, or with Juyce of Coleworts, and the fourth parts Vinegar, or boyled in Wine, with the Pouder of Chamomil, and Melilot flowers, and Hermo∣dacts, adding Turpentine, Oyls, and Mucilages.

Or add to the aforesaid, Bean, Lentils, or Barley flo∣wer, Oyl of Roses, and Juyces of Herbs mentioned.

Or thus: Take Bean and Faenugreek-meal, each an ounce; Barley and Lineseed, each an ounce; Marsh-mallow roots, Chamomil and Melilot flowers, each half an ounce; Cummin∣seed three drams, boyl them in Wine, Vinegar, and Honey e∣qual parts, add Hens grease two ounces, Oyl of Dill an ounce; make a Cataplasm.

Or, Take Althaea roots two ounces, Turnips four ounces, Mallows, Coleworts, Henbane, each a handful; Pompion two ounces, Flowers of Violets, Chamomil, Melilot, and Mou∣lin, each a pugil, boyl them in Water and Wine, add Flea∣bane, Foenugreek, and Lineseed four ounces, Yolks of Eggs four, Hoggs grease three ounces, Oyl of Dill and Froggs, each two ounces; make a Cataplasm.

Narcoticks stupifie the part, and take away pain, and by their heat (as I proved) dissolve the humor, and are not dangerous. Alone, or with Anodynes, and other re∣solvers: Thus,

The green Leaves of Henbane, Mandrakes, and Pop∣pies bruised or boyled, or Oyls thereof, or their juyces, with Rose and Water-lilly water to foment.

Or Mandrake Roots, and Henbane seed mixed with Bran, or Oyl for a Cataplasm, or with Grease for an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Henbane leaves two handfuls, Night∣shade, Housleek, each an handful; Poppy tops a pugil, Man∣drake roots an ounce, Chamomil flowers and Violets, each a pugil; Fleabane seed half an ounce, Henbane seed two drams, boyl them in Milk and Water, and foment, stamp the resi∣dents, with Lineseed an ounce an half, Barley-meal two oun∣ces, Duck and Hens grease, and Oyl of Chamomil, each an ounce; make a Cataplasm.

Another excellent against pain in the Foot-gout. Take dryed Elder flowers a handful, Leaves of Henbane wrapt in Coleworts and baked, four ounces, bruise and boyl them in Goats milk, or to a Pultis, ad Saffron a scruple, Yolks of Eggs two or three: make a Cataplasm.

Or use Opium and Saffron, with Milk, two ounces of Milk to half a dram of Opium, or two drams with the Plaister of Bread, or the like. Or with Oyntments, but it is of les∣ser force. With Fats, it is best a dram of Opium, with four ounces of Aqua vitae, a little Saffron, and a scruple of Cam∣phire, and safe.

Or apply Mithridate or Treacle, or Philonium.

Or the Skin of a Torpedo, or the Oyl of it causeth Stu∣pefaction.

Use Resolvers to consume the Humor in the progress, when the Defluxion is stopped: Such as are gently hot, and rarefying, and discuss the Matter, if it be Blood, and hotter if it be Water to consume it, that it turn not to Nodes. And if it be deep, as in the Hip, use stronger Drawers and Consumers, adding things proper for the Joynts, Membranes, and Nerves, and that are approved. These are as follow, and are proper for other Deflu∣xions.

As Oyl of Moulin flowers, mixed with Wine, and made in the Sun.

Or of Elder, or Dwarse-elder Flowers, or the Juyce or Oyl of Dwarfe-elder seeds thus made. Beat them being clensed to a paste, boyl it in Water, and take of the skum, put it in a long Glass, and set it three dayes in the Sun, till the Oyl which is green be at the bottom. Also that of the Seeds strained is good, or of Raddish seed, Indian roots, Nuts, and Acorns.

Or Oyl of Cyprian, Ligusticum, or Privet, or of Al∣kanna, or of wild Cowcumbers, in which Flammula was boyled.

Or Oyl of Froggs, and Worms, and Foxes; or Oyl in which a Weezle hath been boyled, or a young Stork, or Swan, or the Livers of the fish Galeus, or Sows or Hog∣lice, called Aselli or Millepedes.

Or Oyl of Mans bones; or Horse-jawes, when they are beaten, and burnt, and mixed with Oyl, and then an Oyl drawn by a retort, or the like. Some commend the Oyl of Deers blood.

And other hot Oyls mixed with them, as Oyl of Bays, Costus, Elder, Nard, Rue, Orris, Wall-flowers, Lillies, St. Johns-wort, Euphorbium, Castor, Bricks, Turpentine, Petroleum. Some add distilled Oyls to them, as of Spike, Juniper-berries a dram, to an ounce of the other. Oyl of Guaicum, and Sulphur, and Tartar, are also good. The Chymists use Oyl of Salt, made with red hot Bricks, and Oyl of Danwort berries. Others boyl Salt in Oyl, and anoint.

Or an Oyl made of the Marrow of Veal bone, and as much old Oyl, and Oyl of Worms, Groundpine, and Saf∣fron gently boyled.

Another: Take Sallat-oyl, and of Bayes, and Turpen∣tine, each equal parts; add Mastick, Myrrh, Frankincense, one part, draw an Oyl.

Or thus: Take Oyl of Turpentine a pound, Sage an hand∣ful, boyl them in Balneo, take out the Sage, when it is cold, and add new three or four times, and add at last pou∣der of Sage, Opopanax, and Ammoniacum, each four ounces; boyl and preserve it.

After you have anointed the Part therewith, lay on a Plaister of Tachamhaca.

An excellent Oyl against Sciatica. Take Oyl of Nuts six ounces, wild Cowcumbers, Flammula, or Iberis, or Sowbread roots bruised, or three ounces of the Juyces sliced, Earth-worms twenty, Sagapenum, Ammoniacum dissolved an ounce, Sack two ounces, Aqua vitae an ounce, boyl them till the Juyces be consumed, and strain it.

Or, Take Pellitory roots, and white Hellebore, each half an ounce; Hermodacts, Turbith Rue, Wormwood, each two drams; Coloquintida, and Euphorbium, each a dram; Salt a dram and half, infuse them in old Oyl, and add Wine, and Aqua vitae an ounce, set it in the Sun, and boyl it.

Or use Mathiolus his Balsom.

Unguents, as of Greases of Men, Goats, Sheep, Hogs, Calves, Geese, Hens, Ducks, Foxes, Bears, Cats, Ser∣pents; also Oesypus, or Grease of Wool, and Marrows of Horses, Dear, Calves with Wine, and Aqua vitae, are also good.

Prepare Goose grease thus, and it is excellent. Gut a Goose, and fil her with flesh of a Fox or a Cat, and Ground∣pine, Sage, Rosemary, Marjoram, Bettony roasted, re∣ceive the dripping into Water and Vinegar, or stuff a fat Goose with Pitch, and the dripping is rate against the Sci∣atica.

Another, take Dears suet, and Ox marrow, and add as much Aqua vitae, set it in a glass, in a Horse dung till fif∣teen dayes.

Or dissolve Sagapenum and Galbanum in Oyl.

Or thus: Take Juyce of Dwarfe-elder, Oyl of Rue, each two ounces, Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Aqua vitae hal, an ounce; Mastick, Frankincense, each a dram; Castor hal dram, with Turpentine make an Oyntment.

Or, Take Juyce of Danewort, and old Oyl, each an ounce; boyl them, add Mummy half an ounce, Camphire a dram.

Or thus: Take Oyl of Roses, Lineseed, Lillies, Chamomil, each an ounce; Juyce of Smallage an ounce an half, Mucilage of Lineseed, and Goats grease, each an ounce; boyl them, and with Wax, and a little Saffron make a Liniment.

Or use the four hot Oyntments, of which Dialthaea is the mildest, Martiatum, Agrippa, and Aregon are stron∣gest. Or use those proper for the Joynts, as Ebulinum, Di∣vinum, Nervinum, Vigonis.

Or these: Take Roots of Orris and Birthwort, each three drams; Pellitory, Turbith, Hermodacts, each two drams; Bay-berries a dram and half, Coloquintida a dram, Pepper, Nutmeg, each half a dram; Saffron a scruple, Storax half a dram, Frankincense two drams, Bdellium a dram, Euphorbi∣um and Castor, each half a dram, pouder them, and add Oyl of Bayes, and Goose grease, and an ounce of Turpentine, Oyl of Spike half a dram, and Cow dung; make a Paste.

Another against the Stiatica. Take Oyl of Lillies two ounces an half, Wall flowers, Worms, Fox grease or Goose, each an ounce an half; Juyce of Elicampane three ounces, Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Aqua vitae an ounce, Sowbread roots a dram and half, Pellitory, Orris, Mustard seed, each a dram; Hermodacts, Castor, Euphorbium, each half a dram; with Turpentine make a thick Oyntment.

Or this Plaster: Take roots of Elicampane, Costus, Orris, each half an ounce; Sowbread and Cookowpints, of each two drams; Hermodacts, Piony and Misletoe of the Oak, each a dram; Mustard, Rocket and Rue seed, each a dram and an half; Cummin seed and Bay-berries, each a dram; Pepper, Mace and Cloves, of each half a dram; Saffron a scruple, Myrrh, Frankincense, Storax, each a dram; Niter and Vi∣triol, each a dram and an half; Euphorbium, Castor, each half a dram: make a pouder, add Ammoniacum an ounce, Bdellium, Galbanum, Opopanax, Sagaponum, each an ounce; dissolved in Vinegar and Aqua vitae, add Storax liquid a dram, Labdanum, Laserpitium, each a dram and an half; with Oyl of Lillies and of Rue, Turpentine, pitch, Rosin and wax, make a plaster and wrap it in a sheeps Skin.

Another: Take black pure and shining pitch, Rosin, each half a pound; Sheeps sewet, Goose grease, each four ounces;

Olibanum half a pound, add to it cold Cummin seed two oun∣ces, Pepper half an ounce, Oyl of Spike half a dram, make a plaster.

Or: Take the Marrow of Veal, Oyl of Roses, of each two ounces, burnt Salt a dram and an half, anoynt the feet, add dryed Ox lungs two drams, and it will be better.

Or thus: Take Oyl of Nuts, Goose and Fox grease and Calves marrow, of each two ounces; Frogs ten, Earthworms washed in wine two ounces, Hog lice thirty, Salt half an ounce, Sack three ounces, juyce of Danewort, Elder, Ivy or Ground∣pine two ounces; boyl them, and add Turpentine and Wax, for an Oyntment.

Or use, Diachylon, to a pound add Sulphure an ounce, Chalcitis half an ounce.

Or this: Take old Oyl a pint, Litharge three ounces, Brimstone a dram, Chalcitis half an ounce, boyl them, and add Mucilage of Linseed and Hogs grease, each two ounces; make plaister, or Oyntments.

Or use Apostolor.

Or: Take Oyl of Bayes two ounces, of Worms and Bricks, each an ounce; Soape an ounce and an half, Calves marrow an ounce, Turpentine half an ounce, Ammoniacum, Opo∣panax, Galbanum, all dissolved in Vinegar, each a dram and an half; Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastick, of each a dram; Birthwort roots half a dram, Litharge, Sulphure, each a dram; Verdigreese and burnt Salt, of each half a dram; with Wax: make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Oyl of privet, Elder or Dane wort two ounces, Oyl of Turpentine and Ox grease, each an ounce; Glew dissolved in Wine, an ounce, Frankincense a dram, Niter and Lime, each half a dram; some add the stone Asius.

Or use plaster of Frogs by Vigo: in strong Defluxions and Sciatica pains, with more Quick-silver and Euphor∣bium; of which we shal speak in the French pox.

For the Sciatita wash with Sage, Lavender, Balm water, and the like, with as much Aqua vitae.

Or dissolve black Sope in Aqua vitae and anoynt: it is a good remedy in all cold Defluxions.

Or boyl urin of a boy till it be as thick as Honey. Or anoynt with Womens terms, as Dioscorides prescribes.

Or with Ashes of a Weezle, Beans, Cole-worts, with Vinegar or Grease.

Or with juyce of Nettles, Rue, Sage and Coloquintida or Indian Nuts.

Or use pouders of Snayles shels burnt, or of rust of Iron Jet, with juyces prescribed.

Or make remedies of other plants, as of Moulin, Net∣tles, Rue, Mugwort, Smallage, Sun-flower, Scordium, Wall-flowers, Mouse-ear, Comfrey, Moss, Sesami seeds and roots, Hemp, Birthwort, Dittany, wild Cowcumber, Daffodil with Honey and Vinegar, or boyled in water and wine, or their juyces with meal.

In the Sciatica bruised Iberis and warmed is good, or Cardamine, Water-cresses.

Or Elicampane bruised or boyled in wine.

Or wild masterwort, like Danewort, which is called Goutwort, for its vertue.

Dioscorides applies Balm and salt.

Or to the Sciatica, Sage, Rue, Juniper berries with wine and Boys urin.

Or Linseed and Chamomil flowers, boyl'd in a bagg in wine.

Or hot bread made of Secaly and Carway seeds.

Or Bran boyled with Sapa and Salt in the Knee Gout.

Or use Bean, Barley and Lentil meal boyled with Oxy∣mel.

Or Bran flower boyled in wine, adding Aqua vitae and Butter.

Or Raysons stoned, with Opopanax.

Or Sea moss, or Pulmo, or Fucus marinus green, or Androsace.

Or Agarick beaten with Goats Milk and Barley meal.

Or Dwarf-Elder, or Elder bruised, or fried in Butter, or Hogs grease with Plantane roots.

Or Rue and Bettony with Hogs grease and Salt.

Or Motherwort with grease and Vingar against a De∣fluxion.

Or Briony roots beaten with Aqua vitae and Hogs grease, or Briony and Cookowpints, or Dragons, or Fig leaves with Cowdung and Honey.

Or: Take Nettles bruised a pound, Oyl of Bayes two ounces, Petroleum half an ounce.

Or Coleworts bruised with Marjoram and Bdellium, dissolved in Aqua vitae, or Vinegar and Coloquin∣tida.

Or: Take Turneps roasted a little, and then boyled a pound, Fenugreek meal two ounces, juyce of Dane-wort two ounces with Honey.

Or Pouder of hermodacts Barley and two yolks of Egs, and Honey.

Or: Take Fenugreek and Lupine meal a pound, Pouder of Darnel, Althaea roots, Chamomil and Melilot flowers three ounces, Cummin seed an ounce, boyl them in Honey and Wine: make a pultis.

Or: Take roots of Althaea, Lillies, Briony, Dwarf-Elder each two ounces, Sage, Ground-pine, Wormwood, Marjoram, each a handful; Chamomi••, Melilot flowers and bran, each a pugil; boyl them in Ale, bruise and add Barley, Lime, and Fenugreek meal two ounces, Mastick an ounce, Oyl of Bricks three ounces, Saffron a scruple.

Or thus: Take dryed Penny-royal, Sage, Savin, Bay-berries, Hermodacts, of each a dram; Mastick half an ounce, Storax two drams, Turpentine three drams, with Honey, make a plaster.

Or: Take pouder of young Nettles a pound, of Sage half a pound, bay Salt a pound, pickled Hering-Rows half a pound, spirit of wine a pint with Benjamin three or four ounces dissolved therein, make a pultis and repeat it if it ease pain, if not, take four ounces of Rose water instead of spirit of wine, with an ounce of Fleabane seeds and with Aca∣cia and Oyntment of Litharge: make a Cataplasine.

Against the Sciatica: Take leaves of Iberis, Water-cresses, or Elicampane, each two handfuls; Calamints a handful, bruise them, or boyl them in wine, add Lupine meal three ounces, Honey two ounces, or Grease and Oyls, or Vingar, or Aqua vitae to make it peirce.

Or: Take roots of wild Cowcumbers and Bryony, Orris and Elicampane a pound, boyl them in wine and Honey, bruise and add Lupine meal two ouncer, Cummin-seed an ounce, Goats dung three ounees, make a pultis.

Another: Take roots of Althaea, Briony, wild Cowcumber, each two ounces; of Orris and Elicampane, each an ounce and an half; Pellitory, Hermodacts, each an ounce; Ibery, Le∣pidium, or Flammula, Calamints, Rue, Penny-royal, Time, Balm, each a handful; Sage, Rosemary, Staechas, Lavander, Chamomil flowers, of each a pugil; boyl them in wine add Honey, Faenugreek, Lupine four ounces, Bay-berries two oun∣ces, Rue seeds an ounce, Goose grease two ounces, Oyl of worms three ounces, Sulphure an ounce, make a Cataplasme.

Or thus: Take Orris, Pellitory roots, of each two drams; Dwarf-Elder and Dragons, each an ounce; Bay-berries an ounce, Cummin seed an ounce, Sulphure six drams, Niter two drams, make pouder, add Barley meal two ounces, with Vi∣negar, Honey and Turpentine: make a plaster.

Dioscorides commends Scammony boyled in Vinegar and mixed with Barley meal, against the Sciatica.

Or: Take Pitch two parts, Sulphure one part, pouder them and lay them upon a paper dipt in Aqua vita, lay it on after bathing especially, let it stick while it fal off of it self.

Or: Take Tar half a pound, white Hellebore and Sulphur vive, each an ounce and an half; Euphorbinm half an ounce, Aqua vitae an ounce, incorporate them with the Aqua vitae last, and stirring continually, apply it warm.

Or apply Frogs spawn, or boyl it in a covered Pipkin and apply the fat that swims.

Or apply Snailes, bruised with their shels.

Also put whol live Snails shels and all, into a strainer, a handful, and a handful of salt, and thereupon a handful of Danewort seeds, and then snailes again, and after that salt and seed, four or five laies on upon the other, and hang the strainer in a Cellar and take the Liquor that drops out which is glutinous, and put it in a glass to the sun for four dayes and then anoynt the part.

Or apply the flesh of Cray-fish, boyl'd and beaten with Briony roots, and Aqua vitae.

Or boyl beaten Harts horn, with white Wine, till it be thick, and apply it.

Or a pickled Herring.

Or Wolfes Flesh, or Veal half roasted.

Or the Skin of a Dog.

Or hot Cow dung, it will presently ease pain, to which add Oyl of Roses at the first, and in the declination, Oyl of Chamomil, or Honey.

If there be a Tumor. Take Cow dung a pound, Sapa an ounce, Bean and Foenugreek flower, each two ounces; Cum∣min an ounce, with Oxymel.

Or thus: Take Goats dung and Bean flower, each equal parts; make a Cataplasm, with Wine and Oyl, add Salt when the pain is abated.

Or white Dogs turd, and Pellitory boyled in strong Vi∣negar.

Also apply Stuphes, or Spunges, or Baths in the Sciati∣ca and Knee Gout and other Defluxions made of Calamus Elicampane roots centaury and to strengthen, of Cy∣pres Nuts, Calamints, Ground pine, Germander Wormwood, fouthern-wood, Bettony, Prim-rose, sage, Marjoram, Rose-mary, Pennyroyal, Mints, Chamomil, Melilot flowers and of Dill, Staechas, Lavender, boyled in water, adding wine, lie or urin. When you will dry more, add an ounce of Sulphure vive and of sal Niter, and sal Gem, each half an ounce.

Or with a Decoction of Turneps and Sowbread, Fo∣ment.

Or with distill'd water of Moulin and red wine, or Ox Galls, or Soap distil'd.

Or: Take Sage, Rue, Groundpine, Wormwood, and others mentioned in Sciatica for Fomentations, four handfuls; Sulphure, Salt, each two drams; Wine two measures, distill a Water and Foment.

Another: Take green and white Vitriol, each an ounce; Camphire two drams, Aqua vitae and white wine, each a pint; Foment with clouts dipt therein.

Or with Salt and Vinegar, Sulphure and Vinegar, wa∣ter and Niter.

Or quench Lime in urin and soment, or in Vinegar.

Or: Take Lime and sulphure, each three ounces; and with Oyl made of Bole and wild Cowbumbers, make an Oynt∣ment, use it hot.

Or hath the feet in a Lie made of Hemp.

Or make bags of the dry Herbs mentioned.

Or of Milium and Bran and salt and Chamomil flo∣wers.

Or rowl the Knee with scarlet spread with salt.

Fumes are good also again the Defluxion and pain and to strengthen, out of the fit, and to dry up the humor, especially in the declination.

Made of a Decoction of proper Plants, as of white Dittany, Pennyroyal, Wormwood, Rosemary, staechas, Chammomil flowers: boyled in Water, Wine or Lie. In the Sciatica, put green Sage in a hollow Tile red hot and stir it that it burne not, and sprinkle it with Vinegar and and apply the Tile, so that the vapor may come to the Hip.

Or use these drying Fumes with Cotten wooll or clouts as of Mastick, Frankincense, Myrrh and Amber, Labda∣num, Benjamin, Storax, Gallia, and dryed Herbs, as Rosemary, and the like, with two ounces of Cinnabar, and half a dram of Orpiment, made into Troches, with Turpen∣••ne, in the Sciatica.

If the fourth sort of French Pox, * 1.411 which is with pain about the bones, come from an evil quality, because the Cure is as the other by divers great evacuations and alter∣ations, as in the Pox with Ulcers, and the like, there∣fore we shall refer the Cure of it thither.

If there be pains about the bones, * 1.412 from an evil quality, or external Head-ach as in the Pox, you must cure it as an old Head-ach, and if that will not do, use stronge Evacuations and Topicks, as in the French Pox, as those of Quick-silver, which cure this malignant pain, when all things fail.

If the humor falling down and causing Arthritis hath perversity in it, * 1.413 it will not be cured, but with strong things and topicks, that have Quick-silver, as Emplaister of Vigo.

As for the malignity, * 1.414 which de∣praveth the sense of feeling, in regard it is in the humor that is fallen down, such as causeth numness and palsie, it must be cured as they are, with strong means. And therefore we shall not here lay down any new Method of curing the same.

CHAP. XVII. Of Pains in the Superficies of the Body.

The Kinds.

VVE call those Pains in the Superficies of the Bo∣dy, which are in the skin and part adjacent and near it: of which there are divers kinds: differing in this respect, that some are alone and others have other appearent diseases with them.

Among the solitary pains of the super∣ficies of the Body, * 1.415 without any other dis∣eases, the first is tickling, which though it seems pleasant, yet if it be much it is ve∣ry troublsom, as in the soles of the seet, under the Arms in the pits, or in the sides, and the like.

Hereunto belongs the Itch in the skin, * 1.416 without other manifest sign: such as goes befor the skab and as is in the parts with Hair, as the Head, Privities, from divers causes, which shall be declared, so troublesome that it causeth scrubbing and tearing the skin with the Nayles. By which means they are so refreshed and plea∣sed that they feel not the pain or hurt.

There are other pains in the superficies of the body without other manifest disease, * 1.417 that come from outward causes, as from heat and excercise, without Inflammation of the skin, but with heat pricking and itching: to which the heat in the palms of the Hands and soales of the Feet, may be referred.

Also there is a tearing and biting pain from cold in the superficies, * 1.418 especially at the fingers end.

To this may be referred the Molestation that comes from touching an uneven and rough body: * 1.419 Which is felt with∣out any manifest hurt, while the skin is pressed and streatched for a time.

There is somtimes great pain from a bruise by a Fall or Stroak, * 1.420 without apparent hurt that pricks and tears; but because usually there is a Tumor or Wound with this pain, we shall speak of them toge∣ther.

Other Pains that have other Diseases joyned, are di∣stinguished by Redness, Swelling, Pustles, Ulcers, or Cor∣ruptions.

Redness and pain without swelling, is called Erysipelas. * 1.421 This comes to many by fits. In this the superficies of the skin, in the Shins somtimes, or Face, or Neck, or other parts hath a broad Redness, which being pressed with the singer, flies away, and presently returns, and then turns yellow after some time, and after pale, and so vanisheth. It is with burning also, therefore it is called holy Fire. And because it is pricking, * 1.422 Avicen calls it the Thorn. After all these Itching use to be and the skin is cleft either of it self, or by rubbing; besides, there are in the parts near, for the most part Glandules or Kernels that swell, and are pained, as in the Groyne and Neck. And as I shewed in Feavers, there is a Synoch therewith, that begins with shivering, and turns hot for a day or two. And somtimes it is without it, or but very little.

Besides this simple Erysipelas, there are two compound kinds thereof. * 1.423 One is like the simple, only there is a little rising that is dispersed, and not colle∣cted into a true tumor, this is called Erysipelas Phlegmono∣des. This ends as the other, but is lon∣ger. * 1.424 Somtimes there are Pustles in Ery∣sipelas, and Blysters about, blew or black, which breaking, produce matter, and the part is ulcerated, this is called Erysipelas ulcerate. And it ends often in a preverse spreading Ulcer, that Gangraens if not well tended.

There is another kind that is less hot and red, * 1.425 but higher and broader, called Erysipelas Oedematodes, with Blisters som∣times also, that are whitish, which brea∣king, send forth water or matter. In this kind, though the Eryfipelas cease, yet the Oedema remains long, and falls into the Leggs in some.

Also if there be Erysipelas in the Leggs that were formerly oedematous from an evil Humor, * 1.426 especially from the Dropsie Ascites, which is easie, then it turns into a true Inflammati∣on, which will gangraene, except it be carefully tended.

We have seen sinall Erisipelases in the skin, * 1.427 with broad, red, burning Spots, not filled up.

Diseases with Tumor in the Superficies of the Body, * 1.428 are some more usual, and come of themselves, and are in divers parts without difference: or in certain distinct parts external: And are called Tumors in general: Or imposthumes, because they follow Tumors. Others are unusual, and come seldom and are called Cancers of which in order.

There are painful Tumors indifferently in any part of the Body, * 1.429 that arise of themselves without any manifest Cause, that are raised and deep, and red, with heat, burning, stretching, and beating, called Phlogoses.

One kind hereof is spread as an Erysi∣pelas, * 1.430 but more swollen, and lifted up, collected, extended, and deep fixed, and is called Phlegmon or Inflammation in general. In this after the redness and pain, the skin is yellow, blew, with Sugillations or Markes, till the tumor quite vanish. Somtimes with increase of pain, it turns to a greater Tumor or Imposthume, and that broken into an Ulcer, and leaves a Scirrhus or Gangrane, as shall be shewed.

Besides this simple Phlegmon, there are two Compound kinds, * 1.431 the one with a larger tumor, but else in all things like an Erysipelas called Phlegmon Erysipela∣todes. The other with a larger tumor, but less hot, red, and burning, called Phlegmon oedematodes.

This Phlegmon whether simple or e∣rysipelated or oedematous, * 1.432 may be in a∣ny part of the Body. If in the Face, it dissigures the Look: If in the Neck or Jawes, it hinders breathing, and makes an outward kind of Quinzie. If in the Breast, and be deep, it is a kind of false Pleurisie; if in the Belly, and deep, it hindereth go∣ing to stool: If in the Hands or Feet, it pains and trouble them.

There is another sort of Phlegmon more collected, * 1.433 and acute, or pointed, like an Inflammation in other things in any part, which because it is less then other Inflammati∣ons is called Tuberculum, rather then a Tumor. One kind most usual, which is like a Wall••ut, which ends usually in an Ulcer These are in divers parts alone, or many to∣gether, swelling and red, with tearing and burning pain, which pain increasing, they end in an Imposthume, which opens, and is an Ulcer which hath either white or bloody matter. And if instead of matter there be a lump of flesh, * 1.434 they call it Furuncu∣lus or a Nail, because it is fixed in the flesh, and the German Chirurgions cal it Crebstin, or a little Cancer.

Contusions are referred to Tumors in the Body, * 1.435 and are so called from the Cause, which is a stroake or fall, in which there is either a gathered or spread Tumor, lifted up more or less, with, or without Inflammation of the same colour; and somtimes blew, and yellow, with markes, vanishing, or turning to an Imposthume, and so into an Ulcer. If this Contusion hath a Wound, it be∣longs to Wounds. And if there be pain in Contusion without Tumor or external appearance, it shall be spoken of in Pains in the Superficies of the Body.

There are often Tumors in the Glanduls that are the in Emunctuaries, * 1.436 especially im∣mediately under the skin, which somtimes are lifted up with the skin, with pain and heat, and somtimes Inflammation. And if this be, and dissolve not, it imposthumes, and then ulcerates. This Tumor what soever it is, if there be Inflam∣mation is called Phygethlon and Panus, * 1.437 and if it be less, and plainer, or evener, and not so red and painful, it is called Phyma, which sooner increaseth, and imposthumeth. There is the like tumor somtimes behind the Ears called Parotis, that grows somtimes very great. Some∣times it is in the lower Jaw, and is called Panus, it comes often in Synoch Feavers, and it is called in high Dutch Kervunkel, though it be not alwayes red, when it is under in the Arm-pits, it doth not so easily imposthume, it is called Panus also and Bubo: And so it is called in the Groynes. * 1.438 Some of these are simple Buboes: Others are from the Cause called Venereal: Others malig∣nant from the Feaver and pestilential, they are small at the first, and then grow great, and have often an Anthra•• or Carbo with them.

Also in the glandulous parts of the Superficies as the Papps and Stones, * 1.439 are outward Tumors as in the Glan∣duls mentioned, when they are inflamed, swollen, hot, red, and pained. This is called Inflammation of the Papps

and stones which turnes often to a scirrhus. Or somtimes these pars swel, without a manifest Instammation and are stretched and pained as the breasts with milk and the stones in the colick.

Also these kinds of Inflammations are in other spungy parts of the body, * 1.440 as in the heels when they swel, are rough and hot and then ulcerate and are often lost, or in the Glans or head of the yard; whose In∣flammation somtimes makes a great tumor so that the praeputium or foreskin streight binds it at the root. This is likewise in the prepuce and in womens Pri∣vities and in the Fundament. And in the Mouth and Lips and Eyebrows with great pain, by reason of exquisite sense; and it often turnes to perverse ulcers and Gan∣grens.

Also in the gristly parts in the superficies, as in the No∣strils and Ears there is Inflamation, and the gristles are made foul thereby, when it increaseth and the Nose fal∣eth.

But Inflammation in the joynts is with greater pain and hurt: as in the Arms and Legs. And this is often in the joynts of the fingers and toes about the roots of the Nayles, * 1.441 and this Inflam∣mation is called Paronychia and Pannari∣tium, which a Sphacelus often followeth, and corruption of the outward bone and somtimes of the inward bone of the finger, whereby it laid bare or lost and the Nerves and Tendons hurt, this is called the worm: because pain seems to creep while it is inflamed and turns to an impostume. There is another Inflammation be∣tween the Thumb and forefinger with a tumor called by the Germans Grippelen or fork, because it is between the fin∣gers. * 1.442

An Impostume, * 1.443 is a tumor which fol∣lows other humors in the superficies, it is called Abscessus, because the skin comes from the flesh: This may come from all sorts of Inflam∣mations except they be insensibly dissolved; as from a flegmon in general, or from Tuberculum whose Im∣postum is called Furunculus. And from Phygethlon whe∣ther it be a Bubo or Parotis, and soonest from a Phyma. Also it may come from swelling of the paps and stone and other spungy parts, or gristly, inflamed. And from the joynts inflamed, which are very troublesome; and that from the Paronychia or Inflammation in the finger, if it Impostumate, is perverse and deep and corrupts the Nerves and bones. All these Impostumes coming from divers Inflammations, are divers. If the Inflammation be only superficial the humor greater or lefs shining and hard at first, and after grows soft and pointed, which is called the Eye, out of which the matter labors to get forth, which you may perceive by the motion of it being tou∣ched, it is of one sort. And it is of another sort when it comes from an Inflammation that lyeth deeper for then it is not so eminent, somtimes it is almost wholly hidden, till by a pustle breaking, which the Chirurgions cal Exi∣tura, or outlet, it appears. This is of the same color with the skin and makes a doubt whether there be an Impostume or not, * 1.444 we conclude that there is mat∣ter, because pain is still felt there and because it is wet like dew, and being pressed with the finger the matter seems to go back and there is a hollow. When an Inflamation turns to an Impostume the pain doth not abate, but increase rather, and creaseth not till it be ope∣ned and it itcheth when the matter labors to come forth. Nor doth a Feaver with Inflammation cease, but increas∣eth with the pain while the Impostume or matter breedeth according to Hippocrates. The matter in an Impostume is divers as pus, or sanies or flesh, which comes from the ulcer.

A Cancer is a tumor which cometh of it self in the superficies of the body that hath more malignity then pain, * 1.445 for which cause the Chirurgions cal other perverse Tumors and Pustles, as a Furuncle and Car∣buncle by the name of Cancer, as that under the Eye, and the Polypus in the Nose and the Gangreen of the Gums, and Ulcers of the prepuce. And they call an Elephantiasis, with Tumors and Ulcers, in divers parts, a Cancer also, as we shew'd. From these a true Cancer called Carcinos differs much. * 1.446 Which is called also Lupus or Wolf, because it devours the flesh and Noli me tangere or touch me not, because it will not endure sharpe Medicines. This may be in any part, Hips, Legs, Knees, Arms, Neck, Face and Breasts often, and in the privities, and in the Mouth and Lips. It begins at first with a little tumor scarse to be seen, then it is as big as a pease, then as an Hazel-nut, then as a great Apple, hence it is called Cancer from creeping on and resembling a crab; not the Astacus, or Crayfish, to whose Legs the Veins are compared, but the true sea Crab called Gallus marinus, which is round as this tumor is, uneven and with tubercles or little swellings and full of Veins swollen about blew and black, hard also and with a crust like a crabs shell, and sticking close to the part; And Archigenes saies it is so called, because it holds whatsoever it catcheth. The pain is little or none at the first, which causeth the neglect, but it is known by the pricking of the skin like a needle, which increaseth with the tumor.

At length this tumor is laid naked, by the opening of the skin, * 1.447 and then it is called Carcinoma or a Cancer ulcerated: out of this comes filthy Sanies, or thin matter, stinking, yellow, green first and then black. * 1.448 The flesh is uneven and corrupt and grows out like Ice∣sickles, with hard and inverted Lips, which are somtimes so big, that they have covered a great part of the face, and made the Ear seem to grow thereto, as I have seen. When this Carcinoma or Cancer ulcerated, is naked, it bleeds, by which through want of strength, with a gentle feaver comes death, which I observed in a Dyer in little Basil in 1552. whose right Cheek was swollen to the great corner of his Eye, with Ulcers, with Lips tur∣ned in and stinking in the hollow all over, which bled often very much and after great misery with a gentle fea∣ver brought his much desired Death.

The chief kinds of Pustles are scabs, Pa∣pulae and Carbuncles, * 1.449 which have divers kinds under them, these are less then Tuber∣cula, yet they itch with burning and Infla∣mation and somtimes without, with pain and knawing or ulceration of the flesh.

Scabies or Scabrities is so called, be∣cause it makes the skin rough and with a crust, and is moist or dry. * 1.450 The moist is with Pustles that have sanies and Pus, one is called vulgar, in which many Pustles called Ephelides do arise, from which broken sanies or thin matter cometh; if they be a little inflamed and red, they impostume and are covered with a dry crust made of the dryed matter, which is blew or black or otherwise Colored. The itch goeth before this scab, which caus∣eth pustles by scratching, which break when the skin is broak, there is after a cutting pain, and if the pustles be inflamed, there is burning pain. This scab or itch is so frequent, that scarse one is freed, but in his life time hath it.

There is Another moist scab less usu∣al then the former, * 1.451 but worse with lit∣tle pustles out of which cometh a rough humor like Honey alwaies moist and covering the parts, with a thick white, green or black scab. Some call this

Fera or Agria. The Germans call it den Herbroten, or Harbroten, when the part affected is like a toast covered with hairs. This is often in Infants heads, seldom in a∣ged, somtimes it is in the Eye-brows, Cheeks and Face, very noysome, and in other parts.

There is another kind of scab, pe∣culiar in the Head, * 1.452 which with many sinal holes peircing to the Skul, out of which come glutinous matter, that being dried causeth a crust or scab: therefore they are called sordid run∣ning Ulcers, by the Greeks Achores, and because the skin looks like Moath-eaten cloth, it is called Tinea a Moth. And the English call it the running scab of the Head and the scald. And if the holes be large and the matter like Honey, * 1.453 it is called Favus from the likeness it hath to a Honey comb. This is perverse and usual in children spoyling the roots of the hairs, which are white and thick, when the hair is pulled off, and after it is cured, it leaves many bear places in the Head, which is ill favoured to be seen.

There are other pustles, which may be referred to the moist scab which have a dryness at the top and sweat and moisture. Some whereof are with greater Imflammation and Ulceration, as those called Terminthi, because they are as big as Lupines or Pease. * 1.454 The Germans call them Huntsblatern, they are black round and red and inflamed about, very bur∣ning and quickly dry: and when the scurfe is taken off, or lifted up matters comes forth. They are most usually in the feet and many together, Galen desicribes them to be most common in Women, and some say they are a kind of Phyma. Epinychtis is not unlike this, it is as big as a Terminthus, * 1.455 blew and very red round about and burns very much at night, and turns to an Ulcer and sends forth s••ymy matter.

Also there are waterish pustles called Phlyctaenae that being broken have a scurse and are painful: * 1.456 they are smal as bubles or greater like bladders, which broaken send forth clear wa∣ter, with pain, and a crust: they may be in any part. There is another kind that hath yellow transparent bladders, * 1.457 which being whol, itch and burne, and being open yellow water comes forth with great burning and Inflammation and a running Ulcer: it is called Herpes Phlyctanodes.

The dry scab or Scabrities is so called in dis∣tinction from the moist, * 1.458 which hath dry pus∣tles without matter and makes the skin rough and itcheth much. It is of two sorts, one is in the extremity of the skin with little pustles dry red and corroding, more or less sweating moisture forth, with intolerable itch called Prurigo or in Greek Cnismos of some Impetigo and Psora or Scab, And Rubrica, it is about the Emunctuaries in the Groyns and Arm-pits, * 1.459 and bending of the Knees and Arms, and most usual in the Neek.

The other kind of dry scab is worse, * 1.460 called foul, and in high Dutch Mager, because it makes the body lean and dry by degrees: it comes of it self or from a Herpes not cured. And is at first greater then Prurigo, making the skin rough and dry: the Greeks call it Lichen, it is chiefly in the Legs and Arms: somtimes if the scabs creep and make the skin more rough, hard and swollen, with chous, and being rub'd bran fals off, and then the Greeks call it Psora. It is not only in the Feet and Arms, but in other parts, espe∣cially the Neck and Face and Head, in the Hair like a scurfe of Clay or Chalk, from which a dry scale falls and it is horrible to behold. If it last long it corrods and makes clefts in the skin, and there fals thick scales yellow or blew, this is the Greek Leprosy, not the Elephantiasis of the Arabians, * 1.461 though they are taken one for the other, but this is more incura∣ble, and returns again, and is as horrible as Elephantiasis, especially if it eat off the Nose. We call this the worst Scab.

Papula or Herpes comes forth with little Pustles, * 1.462 first with itching, and then burning, but with Inflam∣mation or Feaver; and though the Pustles dry, new come about them, as if they were begotten of the former. Some are like Millium seed called Herpes mi∣liaris, which creeps but sooner stayes. * 1.463

Others are dry little Pustles, and are deeper in the skin, and break into Ulcers with one Mat∣ter, and when cured, returns with new dry Ulcers, broad and high. This is called Estheomenus, or in high Dutch Den worm, from its creeping and corroding; if it last long it turns to Impetigo, and then into a Psora, and after into the Greek Leprosie, but not into Elephantiasis. When it ulcerates, it is like Erysipelas ulcerated, and call'd the holy fire or wild fire but Erysipelas comes suddenly with Inflamation, Redness, * 1.464 & Feaver, and being ulcerated hath greater Pustles or Bladders, and after them a moist Ulcer, which is not so in Herpes, but dry and without matter.

The Carbuncle or Anthrax in Greek hath many Pustles, * 1.465 smal like burnings very hot, called thence Persian Fire, with a black Crust like a Cole, and thence called Carbo or live Cole, be∣cause of the redness round about, under which after sup∣puration there is no matter but a blak Lump of Flesh fast∣ned to the Roots, with a Feaver and great weakness. Like this is the Anthrax of the back between the shoulders, with many Pustles together red, which broken, there comes matter forth, as from a spunge which turns to a hollow Ulcer, over all the upper part of the Back, with lumps: This I saw in the year 1530.

There is another Anthrax or Carbun∣cle pestilential, * 1.466 as we shewed in pestilen∣tial Feavers, with one or more Pustles like Phlyctaenae or Clavus red round about, afterwards blew, green, or black, ending in a black Crust, and a lump like flesh like the former. The pain is not in this so great as in the former, at first there is itching and a little burning, and after corruption, the skin and flesh mortifie as I have often observed, and there is no feeling, and at length it falls from the sound flesh, and leaves a hollow Ulcer. There is somtimes a Bubo with it, near to the part, as we shewed in pestilential Feavers, where we shew∣ed also that a Pustle came at the beginning of the Car∣buncle, without a Feaver from the Contagion, and pre∣sently vanisheth.

The Diseases with Ulceration by which with Hippocrates, * 1.467 we under∣stand all Solution of Continuity, are so in the Superficies, dividing and hurting the skin, as a Cleft, Excoriation, or Burning; o∣thers are deep in the flesh, as a Wound or Ulcers: Of which in order.

A Cleft or Fissure or Chinke in the skin, is more or less gaping, * 1.468 according to the deepness thereof. They are chiefly in the Palms of the Hands, and Fingers, and Soles of the Feet: And if they be in the thick skin, the Lips are hard and swollen, they are also in the Mouth, Fundament, and Womens Privities, and Nip∣ples, and in the Praepuce, and Eye-brows, and in the Tongue: As we shewed in the inward Diseases of th•• Mouth.

There is another kind of Chapps or Clefts which are high, * 1.469 by reason of the thick skin, with hard Lips, and end in perverse Ulcers, it is called Pernio or Chi∣metlon, it comes from great Cold in the thick skin of the

Soles of the Feet, especially in the Heel; somtimes in the Palms of the Hands, and Nostrils, and Ears, as shall be shewed in the Causes.

Excoriation, Abrasion, or Attrition, is called Intertrigo, * 1.470 when the supreficial part of the skin is separated from the quick, with pain when it is touched. It differs from a Wound, because that is deeper, it is from divers in∣ternal and external Causes, especially from Riding, when men are galled; or from long keeping in bed; and in Chil∣dren from piss, and the mattery Pustles in the Privities, are Excoriations which itch so grievously.

When the scarfe skin only comes off, and the true skin is not bare, it causeth no pain, but falls off like Bran, and is called Furfur or Scales, as in the Palm of the Hand.

Ustion or Burning is when the scarfe skin, or skin, * 1.471 or flesh also is hurt by actual or po∣tential Heat. And it differs chiefly, in that some is more superficial; others deeper, raising a Blyster, and then there is pain, or burning the true skin, and ma∣king a Crust or Eschar, after which is an Ulcer: Or the skin and flesh also are burned and consumed. And then the pain is greater with Inflammation somtimes and Sup∣puration, leaving a great Ulcer.

A Wound is the Solution of con∣tinuity in the Body, * 1.472 from an out∣ward Cause, it is simple or Com∣pound.

A simple Wound not accompa∣nyed or changed into another, * 1.473 is by a Cut, it is greater or less, even or uneven, * 1.474 or deeper. A wound by a stab is a Puncture or prick, it is with a great or little Orifice. * 1.475 Gun∣shot is of a sudden, with great or small Orifice, deep, dividing, unequal, bruising and break∣ing the parts, and somtimes taking off.

All these may be in divers parts, and wound the Skin, Flesh, Membranes, Nerves, Vessels, and Bones, making lame, and reaching inward to the Brain, Lungs, Heart, Stomach, Guts, Bladder, Liver, Spleen, &c. and cause divers Accidents following.

In all three kinds of Wounds there is bleeing first, large if it be great, or where the Veins are large, or in the Arte∣••ies, but little when small, or in the little Vessels, or a nar∣row prick, through which somtimes, little or no Blood can come. And when the Puncture is large, it may also come to pass that no blood may come forth, because it all falls inward.

When bleeding is stopt, there is Sanies, or Blood, and Matter, and then it grows foul after, like an Ulcer, into which it turns, as we shall shew.

Somtimes other Matter comes forth of a Wound, as Meat and Drink, when the stomach is hurt, and Excre∣ments, when the Guts are wounded, or Urin, when the Bladder is wounded, or some part of the Body comes forth, as the Brain, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Guts.

There is pain in all more or less, and the greater as the part is more sensible.

The part somtimes swells without Inflammation, or withers, or is otherwise deformed or lame.

And the Functions are hurt, as when there are Convul∣sions, Resolutions, Cramps, and Contractions, from Wounds, and when the inward parts are hurt, they are worse.

A Contusion is from a stroak or fall, not only with a Tumor, * 1.476 but without, and with pain only, as we shewed in Tumors, and is with a wound, in which the skin and sub∣ject parts are more or less unequal, bruised, and cut, with little or no bleeding, and a tumor round about, and co∣lour'd as a Contusion with a Tumor only, and it is more easily suppurated, and turned to an Ulcer.

There are also Wounds partly bruised, partly cut and pricked; these are when the edge is blunt, or from a bite when the wounds are many and deep, according to the length of the Teeth, and the flesh bruised by the broad Teeth: These are easily inflamed, and turn to perverse Ul∣cers.

There are also uneven wounds with Saws and Instruments, * 1.477 which cause per∣verse, and somtimes incurable Ulcers.

There are also Compound wounds, as when there is an Inflammation with a wound, * 1.478 then it is called a Wound with a Phlegmon: This is oftnest from a Pun∣cture or Gun-shot. And there is then a Tumor with an Ulcer and new pain, and it may gangraene.

When a Wound grows foul with matter or humors, * 1.479 it changeth its Nature, and is an Ulcer.

And the Ulcer is Compound when the wound is is with a bro∣ken bone. * 1.480

Others are venemous from a poysoned Sword or Bullet, * 1.481 or from biting of Beasts, as a mad Dog or Serpents, and then there are great accidents and dangerous. Also men fast∣ing, especially if they be cholerick, or come from fury, are venemous, if they bite.

To these may be referred the stinging of Bees, Wasps, and Spiders, * 1.482 in which though there is no wound, yet there is pain, redness, and swelling, especially if the Breast be venemous, as the Phanlangius Scorpion.

An Ulcer is the foul solution of continuity, * 1.483 that divides the skin and flesh also, this comes not at first as a wound from an external Cause, but from a Pustle, or Tumor, or a Wound, or of it self. We spake of Ulcers, with Tumors or Pustles, in Cancer, Car∣buncle, Herpes, and Scab. Here we shall speak of Ulcers after Inflammation and Imposthumes, broken with mat∣ter or flesh, or after an Erysipelas, when the Blysters are broken: Or of such as come from foul Wounds or Hu∣mors. They are all simple or Compound.

A simple Ulcer is when there is onely foulness, when it is not hollow, * 1.484 it is called a plain Ulcer, when there is hollowness from lost Flesh, as when it follows an Im∣posthume, and is round, it is called a ca∣vous Ulcer. If it be long, or like a Burrough or Chan∣nel coming forth, it is called sinuous; and if the passage go strait, a fistulated Ulcer. All have filthy matter, but the hollow most; * 1.485 it is white of a mean consistance, called concocted, sweet, and equal: Or discoloured, waterish, or crude, unequal, or stinking. There are also thick sli∣my Matter about Ulcers and Wetness. The pain is not so great in them as in Inflammations or Imposthumes breeding, only it is lancing and increased with touching or tenting. And if Ulcers be in the parts ordained for motion or go to the Bowels, they hurt the Functions.

Compound Ulcers are divers, espe∣cially that with proud Flesh which would be ill cured, * 1.486 if before it be re∣moved.

Other Ulcers are sinuous and girt a∣bout with a Tunicle within, * 1.487 fending forth no humor from the flesh which is not naked, and cannot be cured till the Cavity be filled with flesh. * 1.488 They are called Fistulaes, especially if they be large and strait; as I have seen one that began at the neck and went down the Back to the Hip, voiding much mat∣ter. And I have seen many little Fistulaes in the Perinae∣um that when to the Bladder, through which the Urin al∣wayes dropt. And I saw in my Fathers dayes in a Pala∣tinate Begger a horrid Fistula in the lower Belly, with ma∣ny

holes that sent forth matter like seed. And 1652. I saw a Woman with a Fistula in her Privities and strait gut, with a Tumor and many Holes, who went to a simple bragging Chirurgion who by Causticks caused Inflamma∣tion and Death.

There are also Ulcers with hard Lips called Callous, * 1.489 and cannot be cicatrized or healed, these are called Dysepulota. And they which are malignant shal be spoken of hereafter.

There are other to be cured called Ca∣coethe, * 1.490 not of themselves, but by reason of the part to which they cannot be fixed as a corrupt or rotten Bone, as we shal shew there.

They are worse when there is Inflam∣mation or Erysipelas, * 1.491 with Redness, Tu∣mor and Pain, if the tumor be an Oede∣ma, it swells with less pain, but is harder to be cured.

The corrupt Ulcers whose flesh is white like Bacon are worst, * 1.492 and when it is soft and swollen, and when clear water comes forth. These Ulcers come from wounds in the Joynts, * 1.493 where it is membranous and nervous without Flesh. The German Chiru∣gions call them Glidwasser or water of the Joynts, and fear least it gangraene, by reason of the pain, Contraction, and Corruption. Of this sort is Paranychia or the Inflammation in the Fingers end that corrupteth the Joynt, * 1.494 as we shewed in In∣flammations.

To these are referred Ulcers with stin∣king Flesh, * 1.495 and such as corrode when the Flesh is yellow, * 1.496 green, or black, with stin∣king Matter, and Worms, called Verminous; these somtimes gangraene.

Besides these, * 1.497 there are Ulcers from ma∣lignant Humors or other Ulcers, or from Erysipelas ulcerated; these eat and are hollow called Nomae, and when they eat the skin only Phagedaenica, and because they spred Serpentia or creeping, when they are hard to cure, * 1.498 they are called Cacoethe.

These are in divers parts, but especi∣ally in the Leggs, * 1.499 which are apt to re∣ceive Humors and Erysipelas, above the Ankle, they use to be broad there, and to eat the flesh away. This may be lasting for many years in old men full of Humors, which wets mens clouts, and bleeds upon the least occasion, and is full of pain, with Heat, Redness, and Tumor round about, and somtimes with an oedematous Swelling. Somtimes the Vein upon the Ulcer is swollen and blew, * 1.500 which comes thither, with many windings in the Leggs, and feeds it: this is called a varicous Ʋlcer from Varix, a Vein dilated.

Eating Ulcers that are malignant from the French Pox, * 1.501 besides those in the Jawes, Nostrils, and Privities of Women, are in the Praepuce and Glans of Mens Privities also, which destroy the Yard: this is called Cancer. And that is a leprous Ulcer, * 1.502 which is in E∣lephantiasis, in the Jawes, Nose, Soles of the Feet, and Palm of the Hand and Arm-pits, and o∣ther parts of the Arms and Feet, which are Phagadaenous that is devouring, and have swollen hard Lips without pain, as we shall shew in Elephantiasis.

Corruption in the Superficies is either in the Flesh or in the Bone. * 1.503

Corruption in the Skin, Flesh, Membranes, Nerves, and Com∣pound Vessels is called a Gangraen, * 1.504 usually it follows Inflammations, somtimes it comes from other causes. In this the part begins to lose its natural color and wax blew suddenly, or by degrees and then black, with swelling of the part and pain very great before a total corruption from which poyson constantly flows, that wets the skin and flesh and makes it softer, which being corrupted, either opens of its self and ulcerates, or with Scarification, by which we labor to cure. The wounds lye deep and swell with lips, and at last, if it be not prevented, the part is destitute of all natural heat, pulse and sense, and is very stinking and hollow. * 1.505 And then it is called Sphacelus and Syderation.

If there be foulness of bones, they are either corroded in parts and made rough and uneven, * 1.506 or corruption is so manifest that the part is black and comes from the sound and quick part, or corrupts the whol bone, as in Paronychia, the joynts of the Fingers and mortifyeth, and is called the Caries of the bone. This corruption of the bones is with an Ulcer in the skin and flesh, from which it cometh for the most part and through which it is to be seen, being deep and to the bone. And therefore though of it self, a corrupt bone feel no pain, yet the Ulcer joy∣ned thereto and which cannot be cured whiles the bone is foul, may be painful. Of which as the shape is divers, we shall speak in Deformity.

The Causes.

The Causes of all pains in the superficies of the Body. (as tickling, itching pains of cold or heat, compressions, roughness, contusion, all without an appearent Character also of redness or Erysipelum, Tumors, Inflammations, Impostumes, Cancers, Pustles, Scabs, Clefts, Corrosions, Wounds and Ulcers, in which there are signs, which are the disease it self) are cold, or hot, or dry distemper of blood, or other Humor gathered in those parts, or Solu∣tion of continuity.

When the parts are not used to be touched, as the soals of the Feet, sides, * 1.507 Arm-holes and Privities, they are sub∣ject to ticklishness, or when any thing toucheth the Face gently, or creepeth, there is tickling, or titillation.

A cold distemper, * 1.508 causeth the cold pain in the superficies of the Body, from Air, Wind, or Water, or Snow, or Ice, and not solution of continuity, by freesing that presseth forth, the thin moisture. This pain is greater, when the part is Nervous, or not used to cold, or Air. There∣fore the Face, because it is not covered, though it be very sensible, yet it is not so sensible of cold as other parts, that are usualy covered. Also cold is very grievous to Ulcers or wounds that have the skin off. And this pain is greatest, when there is a sudden change from very hot to very cold. If this happen to the Hands as it is usual, there is that great pain in the the Fingers ends, called in high Dutch Kuneglen.

A hot distemper causeth a hot pain, from the Air, * 1.509 made hot by the Sun or o∣therwise, or from water, or the like, when there is burning in the body and not In∣flammation. Also this hot pain may come from too ma∣ny cloths, which disturb and cause sweat. Also the body is inflamed with excercise. And there may be preterna∣tural heat in the Hands and Feet, from internal causes, which some attribute to the heat of the Liver. Also in hot diseases, especially Feavers, there is a perplexing heat internal and external.

Dryness of the skin causeth that roughness, which offendeth the touch, * 1.510 in tender people especially. This roughness may also come from external

Air that is dry, or from the touching of dry and astrin∣gent things. When the skin is made hard by labor, it rather diminisheth the sense of touching, * 1.511 then depraveth it. Somtimes the skin is extraordinarily cleft; as in the Hands, Feet, Lips, Fundament, &c. This dryness may come from the causes mentioned, or from cold or heat, as in Feavers we find the skin cleft and the Lips, from the heat of breath. And there may be clefts in the Hands and Feet, from cold Air and water. And in extraordinary cold that is long, when it beats upon a part where the skin is thick, there may be great clefts, which turn to Ulcers, they are called Perni∣ones. As in the soals of the Feet and Palms of the Hands and in the Ears and Nostrils, because they want flesh to defend them. This the cold doth by astringing, drying and wrinkling the Skin. And if it extinguish the heat, it is most dangerous.

Blood flowing to any superficial parts, as to the Skin, Flesh and Glandules, causeth divers diseases; When it doth not only moisten the parts, which is natural for nou∣rishment, but fil and inflame them. And if blood flow to the skin, except the scarf skin which admits no blood, it causeth Erysipelas, in which there is redness from the blood, shining through the scarse ski••: * 1.512 and before it is sixed or swol∣len, the part being pressed the red∣ness flies away and returnes again, as we see in other parts, it comes to pass from the blood coming and go∣ing in the Cheeks. But if the blood be hot, the burning is the worst pain, and it is as the blood is. For if it be thin and hot, there is a simple Erysipelas which comes and goes sooner. If it be thick, there is a great Erysipelas Phleg∣mon, if waterish, there is Erysipelas oedematous: this is gentler but longer. If the blood be Cholerick, the Ery∣sipelas turns yellow, and burns more, and eats off the scarf skin. If the choller be green or black it is seen by the color and ends in perverse Ulcers, or malignant if it be infectious.

If the blood be gathered in the flesh and skin, * 1.513 it causeth swelling and Inflammation with redness and pain from distention and heat, and when the blood is discussed the Tu∣mor is gone. If it suppurate or grow ripe, * 1.514 it is an Impostume, which breaking makes an Ulcer, and the matter is more, when the blood is much and the substance of the part corrupted. And if the Inflammation increase and the humor be per∣verse, and corruption follow, espe∣cially a wound in the Nerves, * 1.515 that pernicious Ulcer, called in high Dutch Slidwasser, which gleets with Water is begotten, and the Nerves being corrupted, there is less of motion. But if the Inflammation increase and there comes no suppuration, but corruption of the natural heat be extinct, a Spha∣tel.

If blood flow upon the flesh rather then the skin, as up∣on the Muscles outward in the belly, breast, neck or back there are Inflammations, but not red or manifestly swol∣len, as in other, as in the Pleurisie and Quinsies. If the blood flow to divers places there will be pustles, as I shewed. And if it be in the pores, there will be many little scabs.

These Inflammations are divers in respect of the blood, if it be pure, the Inflammation is simple. If thin and not only gathered, but dispersed partly upon the skin, it caus∣eth a Phlegmon with Erysipelas, if thick the Inflammation will be blewer called a Scirrhus, which rather follows, then accompanyeth an Inflammation. If the blood be waterish, the Phlegmon wil be Aedematous, in which the Serum sent further into the skin, makes an Aedematous tu∣mor about: as we see blood doth, when sprinkled upon linnen. If other humors, as choller, yellow, green or black, or sharp and malignant, be in the blood, the In∣flammation is worse, and the heat of the blood, when the Inflammation lyeth deep, will make the rotten flesh part from the sound, in a Coate which will be in the tumor, when opened, as in furunculus,

If Blood flow upon other parts di∣stinct from the flesh and skin, * 1.516 and ga∣thereth together, it causeth a hot tu∣mor and inflammation: as when it fals upon the kernels or glandules in the Emunctuaries. This is usual be∣cause nature sooner dischargeth her self in ignoble parts, especially being spungy and placed by the divisions of the great veins. Hence comes the pain and hot tumor in Bubo and Parotis behind the Ear, and Inflammation and sup∣puration in Phygethlon or Panus: as we shewed. These differ as the blood is pure or impure, thin or thick, crude, simple, or mixed, with other crude humor or waterish, from whence come Phyma, or with pernitious and in∣fectious humors, from whence comes the Pestilent and Pocky Bubo.

If Blood flow into other parts, * 1.517 as in∣to the breasts or stones, into which it easily floweth, by reason of the plenty of Veins, or into the spungy parts, as the Privities, Fundament and Mouth, or into parts that have gristles, as the Nose and Ears, or into the joynts: it causeth hot tumors and Inflammations in them, which differ as the blood is pure or impure, and as the parts are more tender, nervous and sensible.

The efficient cause of blood thus flowing into the su∣perficial parts, is the expulsive faculty, when it is troub∣led with it, either offending in quantity or quality. The helping cause, is the disposition of the blood being apt to flow, and the readiness of the parts to receive it. These causes whether one or more come from these follo∣wing.

As Plethory or abundance of blood, which is burthen∣some to nature, and therefore sent by her, both to inward and to outward parts. Sometimes it flows of it self and somtimes from some light cause. Therefore young peo∣ple that grow, have swollen or waxing kernels, from a∣bundance of blood; and by handling, they break into Bu∣boes. Or when the blood is too hot or thin, it is apt to flow, and being much it stirs up the expulsive faculty to send it forth, and then it causeth Erysipelas or divers In∣flammations, according to its nature. So in a Synoch Fe∣vers, Erysipelas, as comes from hot blood sent from the Veins into the skin.

Also another humor or quality offensive to nature, may provoke her to send out blood, while she expels the hu∣mor: and thence tumors may be. So when the cause of the disease is sent from the Veins with the blood in the Crisis of a Fever: there is a tumor in the declination of the disease. And when the Pestilent quality is sent to the Emunctuaries with the blood in a Pestilent Fever, there is a Bubo Pestilent: and when the poyson of the Pox is sent to the Groyn, there is a Venereal Bubo: as we shewed.

Pain causeth Tumors and Inflam∣mation, (not by attraction, * 1.518 as it is usually thought) but by stirring up nature to expel the cause, by which means the blood floweth: this is in the outward parts, when they are pressed, strook or b••uised, by which is pain. Or if pain come from any disease, and if the Inflammation be increased a new by the pain, if there be Impostume, Pustle, Wound, burn Ulcer or Inflammation therewith, or with any other dis∣ease

causing this pain. Also Pustles inflamed from scrat∣ching come from pain which follows, though at the first it seems pleasant. Also it often comes to pass, that not on∣ly the part pained swelleth, but the adjacent parts if they be apt to receive Defluxions, as the Kernels in the Groins, Arm-pits, and behind the Ears, when there is any pain from the Causes or Diseases montioned. And a trouble∣som Scab in these parts, hath commonly a Bubo accompa∣nying it. And the pestilential Bubo comes as I shewed, not so much from the Plague, as from the burning and pain of the Carbuncle near it.

Also these Pains are longer and worse, when the blood easily and constantly flows thither, and the part is conti∣nually pained. As when there are swell'd Leggs in a Dropsie, if the skin be open, there is a constant Flux of water which by its corruption through long abiding in the Body, is pernicious and corroding; And also of blood being thin, which causeth the perverse and ulcerated Ery∣sipelas which so easily gangraenes.

When outward heat doth long or much afflict the skin, * 1.519 it doth not only make it thin, but inflames it, and the blood near to it, and makes it flow, causing Erysipe∣las or Inflammations, especially in tender and sanguine Constitutions, and such as are subject thereto. As when they sit too long by the sire and burn their Shins, or inflame them∣selves by long suning. As I did by riding in a hot day when I was young, my Boots were so hot that they made my Leggs burn, and look red two dayes after. This I have had often, and it came at first with red Spots, which tur∣ned first blew, after yellow, and then vanished. They may also come from hot water, and after bathing, as the pustles called in high Dutch Eyssen, when in the time of the Bodies being hot, they use cold water, which causeth a sudden re∣percussion, so that the Blood flies back suddenly and returns with pain. Also other moderate heat may cause Itch, and that scratching, and so pustles. Also Inflammation of particular parts may cause them, as of the Roots of the Nails. Then they are called Paronychiae, as when Maids by washing their Hands in foul hot water often, do cause their Nails to be crooked, and the Roots inflamed.

Also other excrementitious and pre∣ternatural Humors thrown to the skin, * 1.520 and there fixed cause pustles, as blood dispersed into divers parts, and these may grow greater, and turn into Ulcers, small or great, or corroding, or venemous, as the quality is.

Humors that have an occult quality that is malignant, produce a little swelling or pustle, according to their Ve∣nom.

A venemous Humor so infecteth the parts, * 1.521 that somtimes at first there is a little Tumor which only causeth a little pricking, but is most dangerous, in that it will not away; because while it is nourished with the other parts of the Body, it makes the Nourishment like unto it self, and converts it into Venom, and so increaseth by degrees, and grows broader and deeper, and at length becomes a Cancer, consisting of a fleshy substance full of Veins, with no In∣flammation or Tumor, but Blood in the Veins, which itcheth and pricketh, which shews its malignity by its constant increase, till there is an Ulcer, and then it goes no further but with its Claws that come from the Body it creeps on, we know the whole to be malignant, because if it be not taken out by the Root, it cannot be cured, and the least portion remaining will grow again.

It is a hard thing to know whence this Matter and Poy∣son first comes, or to describe the Nature of it but by the effect. But that it came by Touch and Infection, because the Elephantiasis whose Cause is the same with that of the Cancer, and therefore is called the gene∣ral Cancer comes from Contagion, but the Cancer is worst, because the Humors are all in one place. And as there are few that have Cancers, so are there sew Lepers, for the Venom lyeth lurking in the Veins, and comes to the part infected with the Blood, and when the Cancer in∣creaseth, it weakneth the Body by degrees. And this may be an argument, that there is a Contagion in the breeding of a Cancer, because I knew two Women that attended u∣pon two other that had Cancers a long time in their Breasts, that consumed them which were themselves infect∣ed with Cancers, and perished therby after long torment, the one being near of kin to her Mistriss. But we cannot yeeld that it comes from Melancholy, for these reasons: For if it comes from Natural Melancholy, which they say is the Dreggs of the Blood, there would some signs thereof appear, and such blood would be there gathered out of the Vessels, if there should be a Tumor or Inflam∣mation, which are not. And if it come from preternatu∣ral Melancholy, there would be at the first coming a bur∣ning, corroding, and blackness, as in the Carbuncle which is not so, but a Cancer is like Flesh, and not very painful.

A pestilent Pustle comes from poy∣son of another Nature, * 1.522 which we call a Carbuncle, with venemous force, and with little burning, but with itching and pricking, only as I said of a Can∣cer; somtimes with Inflammation round about, and a Bubo hard by, which corrupteth the part, and mollifieth till it falls out back from the sound.

This poyson comes from that pestilent Poyson that got into the Body, and caused a pestilent Feaver by its destru∣ctive quality and heat, as I shewed when it gets outward. And we shewed in pestilential Feavers, that I and others have been infected with pestilent Pustles taken outward∣ly.

Some Humors cause Scabs, Itch, and Carbuncles, * 1.523 by a manifest qua∣lity that corrodes and burns, and Pu∣stles with Ulcers; these are either preternatural, yellow, and green, and black Choler, or salt, sharp, or ma∣lignant, and go the Superficies of the Body, with the blood and serum, and cause pustles and in∣flammations, if they come with blood or pain; or they come without this Flux from the Veins by sweat, accord∣ing to the diversity of these Humors, are different Scabs, Itch, and Carbuncles, as we shall shew.

If in the common moist Scab, there be Itch and corro∣ding without great burning, the Humor is not so hot but salt, and gentle Choler, or tempered with water, is fallen from the Veins upon the skin, when there is no redness or Inflammation: But if there be, they shew it come with blood moved by scratching or pain, as also may appear by the suppuration that follows. When those things are as in the worst Scab, with yellow or green Matter, it comes from thicker and worse Choler, as the colour shews, as in Terminthis and Epinyctis, the pustles are very burning, with Inflammation and Suppuration following. Especially in a Carbuncle are the pustles very burning, which shews that they come from very hot Choler, and the Feaver shews they come from Blood, and their sudden appearing shews that they come from Defluxion. And we cannot gather that black Choler was the Cause, by their black∣ness, because others are black when they are dry. But from the great Heat that burns and corrupts the skin, and makes it black, and will not let them suppurate, we may conclude that either black Choler or green was the cause.

This ••••ews that the pustles in Herpes come not from a Flux of Humors, but from a Collection made there, be∣cause they come by degrees without Inflamation. And if the Herpes be called Miliaris, there is great Heat and Pu∣stles dry, and therefore the Choler was yellow, milder, and thinner, and went to the Superficies of the skin. If it be Herpes Esihiomenus the Choler is worse and green, and

it is deeper in the Flesh. The malignity appears by its corroding and creeping on, and when it creepethno far∣ther, it causeth Impetigo.

In that kind of dry Scab which is called the Itch, be∣cause no moisture appears, we conclude that the Choler is pure, but thinner then in Herpes miliaris: Or that the Humor is salt and dryed, the skin shews which grows red by scratching. And the like Humor is in Impetigo, deeper and broader. This by continuance turns worse, and causeth Psora, which cometh from salt water that is infectious and corroding, as appears by the constant sweat, which vapo∣ring away, wet not but rather dry the skin. This Venom may come from a long continuing Scab, which infecteth the skin when it turneth the Nourishment into corrupt Humors; this is the worse sort of Scab called the Greek Leprosie or Arabian Leprosie, which cannot be cured by reason of the fault in assimulation or nourishment.

As for Phlyctaenae, it is plain that they come from wa∣ter carried under the scarse skin, which divides it from the true skin and maketh Blysters, because water comes forth when they break. If this water be pure, there is no pain while they are whole but when they break, and the true skin is hurt.

But if the water be salt as appears by itching, or mixed with Choler, as appears by the yellowness, when they o∣pen, the heat is greater; and if this Humor sweat forth long, they creep, and then it is called Herpes phlyctae∣nodes.

These salt, sharp, cholerick Humors which cause the Herpes and Carbuncles, come from Diet when it is apt to breed such or turn into Choler, as we shewed in Feavers. For if in the first or second Concoction they are not sepa∣rated from the Blood, but lye long in the Meseraicks, they grow worse, and either get into the hollow Vein, with the Blood and Serum, and ••o to the Superficies of the Body, or there they are heaped up. Therefore intemperate Li∣vers, and such as use bad Diet, and are Chacochymical, are subject to these. Also the same Excrements may be gathered from Distemper of the Bowels, or be derived from the Parents: And some think they come from the menstrual blood. And they go to the skin by Natures benefit, which expels them when they are bound, and by other Causes, as heat and motion. As we shewed speak∣ing of Tumors from Blood.

Solution of Continuity causeth divers kinds of pains in the Superficies of the Body, with Ulcers, as Excoriations, and Wounds, and Clefts, or without Ulcers; as the cause was internal or external.

The external Causes of Solution of Continuity, * 1.524 are Compression, Disten∣sion, or Contusion, with outward hurt, but inward separation of the smal Veins which causeth pain, which we call Distention or stretching, as from a stroak or weight or pulling the Hair: Hence comes the Rhagades or Clefts in the Fundament from hard Excrements.

When the skin is scratched off there is Intertrigo or Rawness, * 1.525 this comes after riding as galling, or long Diseases and lying, and from scratching with the Nails. And the moist Itch is when the skin is most scrat∣ching, and Humors that are salt or cholerick come forth, and it is worse when there are little Tumors from rubbing and they break. Intertrigo or Pustles of the Privities come so, from cholerick sweat which putrefieth in these parts easily, and causeth itching.

Cuts, Pricks, Stroaks, cause Wounds, all these when they suppurate are ulcers. * 1.526 These are with a sharp or blunt Tool. If the Instrument be infected with poyson, the Wounds will be venemous, or rusty, or if the weapon be toucht with Garlick, or a bullet dipt in grease, or if a sword or tool be otherwise poysoned, the wound will be venemous.

Taking off the skin by Medicines or the like, ulcerateth and inflameth, * 1.527 and also sharp Urin doth the same in Childrens Hips.

Burning separates the scarse skin from the true skin, * 1.528 and causeth a bladder or blyster, which breaketh and leaves the skin bare; when it is deeper it causeth an Ulcer or Eschar. This may be from heat of the Sun, which blysters the naked Body, or from hot or sclading Oyl and Water which takes off the skin, inflames and brings perverse Ulcers; or from Fire which makes Blysters and Ulcers; or from burning Me∣dicines, Vesicatories and Cauteries, among which some mortifie, and cause an Eschar without pain. Also a Net∣tle sends in fire with its prickles, which causeth first Heat, then Blysters.

Biting of beasts causeth uneven and deep wounds, * 1.529 which suppurate and turn to ulcers; and these are worse when the spittle is venemous, as in some beasts. And it is known that the biting of a man hath caused dangerous wounds by his spittle, especially when he hath been fasting and angry, because the spittle is most cholerick, as appears by the same. I knew a Fisher-mans Wife that was bitten by her angry Husband in her right hand, and dyed of a venemous Ulcer caused thereby with a Feaver. And I knew two more that lay long sick, and were with great difficulty recovered of Feavers, by bites given by their fellow-drunkards in their fingers. There is from biting of a mad Dog or other Beast, not only a ve∣nemous wound, but other horrid symptoms: As we shewed in Hydrophos. Also if the bite be very small, if the Ve∣nom of the spittle get in, as of a Weezle or Mouse, there may be a perverse wound, or of a Viper or Serpent, or the like, the whole Body is poysoned.

When beasts by their stings or other∣wise make wounds, * 1.530 though solution of Continuity scarse appear, yet because there is a burning or evil quality sent in∣to the part, there is a great pain, inflam∣mation, and tumor; as we see in stinging of Bees or Waspes, when they leave their horny stinges in the wounds: If they come from worse Creatures, as from the crooked stinge of a Scorpion, then the poyson infects the whole Body. And as Nicander and Dioscorides shew the same may be from divers other venemous beasts, whereby the Body being only prickt in one part, may suffer in di∣vers. These we shall not speak of, because they are not troublesom in our Countrys: As also we shal not speak of the Harms, stinging of Flies, Gnats, and Fleas, which are only itching, with a red spot.

The internal Causes of these Solutions of Continuity, * 1.531 are Humors which while they cause tumors and pustles, do also cor∣rode and ulcerate: Or those Tumors ul∣cerate, and cause it as we shewed. Name∣ly how matter bred of Inflammations sup∣purated, produceth Imposthumes and then Ulcers, which with other Humors coming to them, grow worse, as by blood inflamed, or by other malignant Humors, malignant. And also how from this pernicious Matter breeding a Cancer, it may be ulcera∣ted, and how a hollow Ulcer may follow the burnt and corrupt Flesh, that falls out of the pestilential Carbuncle. And how from cholerick Serum and sharp Humors that produce Carbuncles, Herpes, and Scabs of all sorts, there may arise malignant Ulcers, as in Carbuncle, and corroding as in Herpes, and foul with Matter as in the moist Scab, and dry with Clefts, as in the dry Scab: And also how the skin comes off from the Serum that causeth Phlyctenae.

Also without Pustles or Tumors go∣ing before, * 1.532 the skin may be cleft by a sharp, salt, drying Humor, when the part is tender or spungie as the Lips,

Fundament and Privites. Hence come the Rhagades or clefts, which by reason of the exquisite sense of those parts are very painful and burning.

When a thick Salt humor is gathered between the thick skin of the Head and the Skul, * 1.533 and there long kept till it pu∣trefie about the roots of the Hairs, and eates through the skin in divers places, there is a Tinea, Favus or scald Head. And the Humor is Malignant, because it is infectious in Children.

Corroding Phagadaenical Ulcers breed and are nourished with sharp and malig∣nant waterish Humors. * 1.534 Which are cheifly in the Legs, by falling down of the Hu∣mors. Also these Humors carried with the blood to some Vein near to an Ulcer and enlarging and washing the Ulcer; keep it from hea∣ling, as we shewed in a Varicous Ulcer. The Original of these Humors, is as of those that cause Herpes and Scabs.

When the Privities are infected by Malignant Humors, * 1.535 from unclean Co∣pulation, there are Ulcers, as in the Glans and Praepuce. And the Ulcers in the French Pox and Leprosie are a∣like. But the nature of these humors are known only by the effect, being infectious.

The Cure.

The Cure of solitary pains which have no Character external but themselves, as itch and tickling, ho•• and cold pains, or roughness of Skin, because they are not great, nor last long, but depart with the cause removed, is not hard. As thus.

If tickling come of it self it is not long, but if it be by outward force it is a torment into∣lerable and it weakneth and causeth convulsi∣ons, * 1.536 which must be cured.

A light Itch will cease of it self, * 1.537 if you be patient and forbear scratching. If it be great, it is cured by a pleasant scrubbing. If it con∣tinue or return and the cause be external, as Lice &c. It shall be cured as in them. If it be internal from a humor, because it hath with it commonly scabs or pustles, it shall be spoken of in them. But if it be without other mani∣fest disease in divers parts and continue, use Evacuations, Baths, as in the scab. If it be in Womens Privities, you must put Oyntments or the like into them.

If pain come from cold Air, Wind, Water or Snow, * 1.538 and cease not when they are gone, you must by degrees bring the body to a natural heat, least the sudden change, from extream cold to extream heat, bring incon∣veniences, or that called in high Dutch Runeglen or pain in the Hand. It is good to come into a temperate room, or to exercise violently if the feet be cold from riding, or beat the Arms like Watermen, or to apply skins, furrs or feathers, or put the Hands into the Hair, or wash them in warm water before you come to the fire. If after these the native heat be weakned, use Fomentations, Baths and hot Oyntments, as in astonishment and Palsie, as Oyl of Euphorbium and Peppers: Or take Pellitory of Spain, Pepper, each two drams; Euphorbium a dram, Oyl of Wall∣flowers and Wax and Oyl of Spike and Spices with Musk, Amber and Civet.

Oyl of Nettles, or wherein Nettles are boyled, is a sin∣gular remedy: and to preserve the Hands against cold, and also Goose grease.

If a hot pain come from heat of the Sun, or motion, * 1.539 or baths and cease not, the cause being removed, you must not sudenly cool which is dangerous, as we have known some who in violent heats have staied long in Cellars un∣der ground and caught Feavers and dangerous De∣fluxions and Apoplexies. Therefore it is best to go first into some temperate place or Arbor. If the heat conti∣nue to Inflammation or Synoch, Cure that. If it be in the palms of the Hands or soals of the Feet, because it comes from internal causes and foresheweth or accompa∣nyeth diseases, Cure them.

If there be roughness or hardness of the Skin, * 1.540 which hinders and troubles touching in dainty people, use moist∣ners, as in Deformity. If there be clefts see Ulcers.

If there be pain from pressing or stretching without manifest solution of continuity, it ceaseth with it, * 1.541 but if you fear Tumor or Inflammation, we shew you how to prevent them in a Phlegmon.

The Cure of pains in the superficies, that have manifest diseases, is as Erysipelas, Phlegmon and Tumors from contusion or glandules, or as Impostumes from Inflamma∣tion, or as a Cancer, or as Pustles, as Carbuncles, Herpes, Scab, or as Ulcers, or corruption of parts, as Gangreen, or foul bones.

If an Erysipelass be without a Feaver from an external cause, * 1.542 or if the Feaver be little, only Cure the Erysipelas. If a Sy∣noch follow look first to the Feaver, as in Feavers first you must be sure to pre∣vent the Carbuncle, if it be customary, as in old people. And after you must regard the Feaver, if it be not preven∣ted, by sweating, bleeding, purging, altering heat, and o∣ther accidents.

But as to Erysipelas as alone, when it burns not much, it must not be over much cooled, but kept warm to dis∣perse it with gentle means, by wrapping it in Linnen that is soft and a little unctious, as some think.

Or wrap it in a Saffron clout: Take Saffron a dram, Plantane, Privet, Night-shade, Roses, each an ounce; Rose vinegar half an ounce: let them stand warm till the water is dryed, then dip a clout in it, apply it wet at first and warm. Or apply scarlet, which doth dissolve and streng∣then the part.

Or Fume the part with Mastick, Frankincense, Amber, or Juniper or Sanders burnt.

These gentle remedies are most usual, because the pa∣tient feareth strong and moist means.

When an Erysipelas with a Phlegmon or alone, is very burning, or hath Pustles or Blisters. Take heed of an Ulcer, which is dangerous, at first stop the Flux of blood from the part allay heat and abate pain, and then by de∣grees consume and digest the matter.

At first to repel and allay heat, use coolers with a little astringents, by Fomentations. This is approved of others, but ours will not wet the part and think that wet, causeth all accidents. They are deceived from hence, because they hear that a Gangreen comes from a cooled Erysipe∣las, that suppose it is from moisture. But the Refrigera∣tion in a Gangreen, is rather a Mortification and Extin∣ction of the native heat, from two great Inflammation, then from the introducing of a cold quality.

Therefore cold water with the third part Vinegar, may be used as in Arthritis from blood, with a clout or wooll. Dioscorides bids use Vinegar alone with the white of an Egg to allay pain, or Juyces, or distil'd waters of Plants, or Vinegar of Roses.

Apply these Herbs green, bruised, or heated, or boy∣led, or with Bran and Vinegar, as Plantane, Nightshade, Shep-heard purse, Knot-grass, Purslane, Sorrel, Housleek, Vine leaves, Endive, Lettice, Grundsill or Lens-Palustris, Cotyledon, Liver-wort, Lonchytis, Willow Ieaves, Alder, Reeds, Privet, Cypress, Myrtle, Bramble, Sumach, Flea∣bane, flowers of Roses, Violets, Water-lillies, the great Antirrhinum and of Ras-berries.

Or use the juyces with Plantane and Rose water, as an Epitheme or Vinegar and red Wine, the white of an Egg, Camphire and red Sanders.

Or the Decoction of the five-leaved-Grass, Plantane, Housleek, Purslane, Vine leaves, Privet, Myrtles with Barley▪ and in the increase, Chamomil, Melilot slowers, Roses, Fenugreek, Oyntment of Roses, with Camphire and Galens cool Oyntment, or that of Housleek, Oyl of Violets, Goosegrease and Saffron.

Or: Take Oyl of Roses two ounces, of Water-lillies or Vio∣lets an ounce, juyce of Plantane and Nightshade, each an ounce and an half; Vinegar of Roses an ounce, Camphire a dram with the white of an Egg, or Mucilage of Fleabane an ounce and an half, and Turpentine.

Plates of Lead are good to repel.

When you fear an Ulcer, add dryers to your coolers, as Oyntment of Ceruss, Album made of Ceruss, white Wax and Oyl of Roses with the white of an Egg and Camphire, or with Ceruse and Oyl boyled, and Ly∣tharge.

Or: Take Litharge an ounce and half, Ceruss two drams, juyce of Plantane or Nightshade two ounces, Vinegar of Roses half an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces, mix them well in a Leaden Mortar, dip clouts and apply them, or with white Wax, make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take the white Troches of Rhasis two drams, Sarcocol a dram, Lytharge burnt and washed Lead, each a dram and an half; Oyl of Roses two ounces, juyce of Plantane an ounce, white of an Egg and Mucilage of Quince seeds an ounce, add half a dram of Opium to abate pain.

Or to allay pain use Cowcumbers, Anguria, deadly Nightshade, Herb true-love cut and bruised, or pulp of Cassia.

Or Henbane leaves or Tobacco, crude or roasted; Pop∣py heads, roots of Mandrakes with Bran and Vinegar to repel. Dioscorides useth juyce of Hemlock, we use juyce of Henbane.

Half a dram of Opium with half as much Saffron, may be added to the former. And this is the cause why the Chirurgions use Treacle in Oyntments.

Populeon cooleth and easeth.

Or thus: Take Populcon an ounce and an half, Oyl of Henbane, Mandrakes or Poppy seeds half an ounce, Muci∣lage of Fleabane seeds an ounce, Saffron a scruple, and a lit∣tle Opium.

Or this Epithem: Take Milk three ounces, Oyl of Roses an ounce and an half, white of an Egg or Mucilage of Flea∣bane seed an ounce, Vinegar half an ounce, Opium half a dram, Saffron a scruple.

In the progress when the heat abates, to dissolve, when the part looks not so red and is yellowish, or at first if the heat be little: Use Coleworts, Pellitory of the wall, Mal∣lows, white Lillies, Mulleine, also leaves of Ricinus, Stra∣tiotes, Acinos, Fetherfew or Parthenium, roots of Al∣kanet and Lychopsis, and of Clowns-Allheal with the square stalk, which is so highly commended: bruise and apply them.

Or dip clouts in Oyl of Roses and Wine, and squeeze and apply them to ease pain and discuss.

Or boyl Oyl and red wine: thus, Take of them equal parts, cover them in a close Vessel, boyl them gently till they make no noise.

It is good to discuss, to anoynt with hot blood, especi∣ally menstrual, as saith Dioscorides.

Or with Urin to stop itching and to dry. Dioscorides useth the Sediments, or fetling thereof, adding Vinegar and Eggs.

Dioscorides also commends Goats or Sheeps dung boy∣led in Wine or Vinegar.

Others commend Inke, but it is too sharp without cold waters or juyces. And I knew an Impostor that concealed a Gangreen thereby. Dioscorides useth rust of Iron and burnt Vitriol, or Chalcitis, or Salt and Vine∣gar.

These strong Medioines are best in ignoble parts, not in the Face and Nerves: when there is need of great dry∣ing.

Dissolve the residents with Fomentations and Oynt∣ments, and strengthen the part as we shewed in Arth••itis, as with Lyes of divers sorts, and Spaw waters to p••e∣vent.

Wash the Feet with water wherein Vitriol, or Oak, or Ivy leaves, or red Roses, or Sloes, or Grapes are stee∣ped.

Or put them into the Wine press, or into Grapes stampt with Iron water and Vinegar.

If there be Erysipelas in the Face, wash it often with red Wine, Rose, Plantane and Nightshade water, and Vine∣gar.

If the Legs have an Oedema after the Erysipelas, use things as in Oedema, if it ulcerate or grangreen. See them.

Phlegmon or Inflammation is of di∣vers kinds, * 1.543 but we shall speak only of them, which differ not much. Such as are in the skin, as Phlegmon with Erysi∣pelas or Oedema. Or with little Tumors, or Pustles that ulcerate and turn to scabs. Also of In∣flammations in spungy parts, as Privities, Paps, Funda∣ment, Mouth, and in the Gristles of the Nose and Ears. And of those in the joynts and ends of the Fingers called Paronychia, prescribing to all their particular remedies. Of the Tumors and Inflammations of the Glandules, we shall speak hereafter, and of the Impostume that comes from all Tumors.

Of these phlegmons the greatest and fullest of pain are the worst, and they which are in noble parts, or near to them, as in the Face, Organs of sense, or in very sen∣sible parts, as in the Fundament, Yard, or Womb, or in the joynts, or Fingers. Many of these Impe∣stumate, and then ulcerate, and hurt the noble part, other gangreen and cause loss of parts or deaths. Others turn into a Scirrhus, which hinders the bending of the joynts.

Blood-letting, is the chief remedy against all, if there be plethory, both to prevent and cure. Also it revels and derives from the part, and helps the Feaver if it be there.

Also we revel and derive with Scarifications, Cupping, Ligatures and Friction. And it is good in plethory, when the Terms or Haemmorrhoids bleed, and to di∣vert.

If the body be foul, loosen the Belly and purge to pre∣vent, especially when people are subject to Inflamma∣tion. And the Cure will be the easier when the body is clean. Also some Laxatives do revel the blood slowing to the part, they must not be strong to stir or inflame the Body.

Also use alterers against the phlegmon and Feaver in meats and Medicines that cool the blood.

Topicks are to be used in all, first they must repel the blood flowing to the part, and abate heat and pain, and then dissolve the matter; and if it tend to suppuration, they must Cure the Impostume and Ulcer. And they must be chosen according to the Inflammation, as it is great or little and according to the part.

We repel the humor flowing with astringents and coo∣lers, choosing the strongest when the heat is great, especi∣ally in Furunculus; And if the Flux be great and the In∣flammation also, and in the Face, or Joynts and noble parts. In the other we use more gentle repellers. Espe∣cially if the Inflammation be about the Jaws or Breast, least it cause a Quinsie or pleurisie. To these repellers, when the Defluxion abateth, we add gentle resolvers and anodynes, if there be pain: Thus,

Actual coolers are vulgarly used, if we sear Inflamma∣tion, from a stroak, or bruise, to prevent swelling, as a cold Stone, Iron, Lead, or Ice: Or cold water. This

must not be done, but at the first, least the blood congeal and will not after be discussed.

Some commend the putting the Finger presently in cold water, in Paronychia or Fellon: or in hot Vinegar, but boyling water is best.

Make repellers of green Herbs, that are both potenti∣ally and actually cold, as of Plantane, Nightshade, Hous∣leek, knot Grass. With Vinegar, Oyl of Roses, Myrtles, Quinces and Barley meal.

Apply Acrons bruised and Sloes.

Or Bran fryed in Vinegar, or Rice, and Water of∣ten.

Or red Rose Cakes, with red Wine and Vinegar, or Roses.

Or: Take the Juyces of the Herbes mentioned six ounces, Rose vinegar and red Wine three ounces, Oyl of Roses, Myr∣tles, or Privet an ounce and an half, with pouder of Bistort roots and Pomegranate peels, each a dram; Mrytle or Barberry seeds, Bole three drams, after you have stir'd them in a Lea∣den Morter, make an Oyntment, or with Vinegar and whites of Egs and Barley meal, a Pultis.

The usual defensative against Inflammations, is of Bole Vinegar and whites of Egs and Oyl of Roses. You may add Sanguis Draconis, Blood-stone, and rust of Iron and sealed Earth, Coral and Camphire.

When there is pain, repel thus, add the fourth part of red Wine Vinegar to Milk, Bole, and the white of an Eg.

Or wash with Vinegar and Water.

Three or four pound of Quick-silver allayeth heat and pain, being in a Bladder and applied.

So doth Juyce, Decoction and distilled water of Herbs, with pouders aforesaid.

Or foment with Oyl of Roses, or Violets, and rowl the part.

In Paronychia or Fellon, make a Bath for the Finger of five leaved Grass, Wormwood, Agrimony, Straw-berry leaves, Myrtle-berries with Wine.

A repelling Oyntment: Take juyce of Plantane, Hous∣leek two ounces, Vinegar an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces and an half, Vinegar an ounce, Bole half an ounce, with the white of an Egg, and a little Turpentine, afterwards to digest, add Ceruss, Cadmia and Litharge.

Or: Take juyce of sower Pomegranate•• two ounces, of Nightshade and Rose water, each an ounce and an half; Cam∣phire a dram, anoynt; add Barley flower to make it stick. This is approved in Inflammation of the Nose.

As in Etysipelas, so here you may use Oyntments of Roses, Poplar, and Ceruss, and plates of Lead also.

In great Inflammations, and when they are parts ex∣quisitely sensible, use chiefly things to asswage pain. As Anodynes that cherish with their temperate heat. Or Narcoticks that dull the sense. These are not to be used alone, when we sear suppuration, but in case of necessity, because they digest, but at the first, add repellers and in the progress resolvers. But when you desire to digest, you may use Narcoticks alone, safely.

The same Narcoticks and Anodynes may be used, as in Erysipelas and these following: As Snayles not beaten, with the shells, least they be too rough; but taken out may be applied

And leaves of Henbane and Mandrakes baked in the Embers with Hogs grease and a little Saffron.

Or use this Cataplasm: Take white Bread or Flower a pound, boyl it in springe Water and Proper stilled Water and Milk with Mucilage of Fleabane two ounces, three Egs, Oyl of Rose three ounces, Hogs grease an ounce, Saffron a dram.

This is proper against a Paronychia or Fellon: boyl crums of Bread in Milk with the white of an Egg and a little Turpentine, and to ease pain, add Mucilage of Flea∣bane seed, with Barley meal, Opium and Camphire, and after to heal, add Pouder of Galls

Or this Cataplasm against any Phlegmon: Take the Emollient herbs two handfuls, Althaea two ounces, flowers of Chammomil, Melilote, Roses, Bran, each a pugil: boyl and bruise them, add Oyl, Butter, Grease and Saffron.

Or bruise Fleabane, or its seed, with Oyl of Roses and a little Vinegar, and apply it, or boyl it with Milk and Althaea roots and add fats.

Or use the Mucilage of Fleabane with the white of an Egg, Juyces and sats.

The Plaster of Diachylon the less by Mesue made of Mucilages of Fleabane and Henbane easeth pain and di∣gesteth.

Oyl of the Apples of Strychnodendron, and of the fruite of the Balsamine tree called Momordica, is an appro∣ved remedy, and so is Oyl of Henbane seed.

The Chirurgions ease pain with an Egg raw beaten with Oyl of Roses and Bole to repel.

And to digest also they use Oyl of Roses, yolks of Egs and Ceruss.

There is an Oyntment called Anodynum, made of Oyl of Lillies, Dill, Chamomil, Ducks and Hens grease to take away pain.

Or this; Take Juyce of Henbane, Tobacco, Hemlock, or Poppies, Mallows, or Marsh-mallows, each two ounces; Oyl of sweet Almonds, and Roses, each two ounces; boyl them, add Mucilage of Althaea, or the like two ounces, or of Muci∣lage of Henbane seed, which is best, Butter an ounce, make an Oyntment.

The Water of Frog spawn is highly commended, and Juyce of Hemlock applied with a Clout, also raw Cray∣sish.

Also we must dissolve or discuss the Humor which is flown to the part, least by continuance it turn to Matter, and stink; which though Nature doth of her self, if it be thin, yet if she be slow in her work, she must be helped with dissolvers, which in the beginning of the increase of the disease mixed with Repellers, does it rather by dryness then heat; and after they must be used alone, and the rather if the Phlggmon be o••dematous, especially towards the De∣clination, when the heat ceaseth, adding Emollients to gentle Healers, that may discuss the Reliques, and pre∣vent a Scirrhus.

This is done by Herbs mentioned against Erysipelas, as Pellitory, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Orage, Coleworts, Henbit, Coltsfoot, Vervain, Moulin, Scarlea, Bindweed, Elder, Dan-wort, Penny-royal, Feaversew, Achillea, Wormwood, Sesamum, Nettles, Lilly roots, Orris, Brio∣ny, wild Cowcumber, Asphodel, Lyris, Docks, Rhapon∣tick, wild Hemp, Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, Elder flowers, and Water-lillies, Foenugreek, Lineseed, Barley, Wheat, Lupins, Orobus, and Flower of Millium Panicum.

You may apply one or more of them bruised or boy∣led, as Pellitory and Scabious; or lay the whole Leaves thereon, without the Stalks.

Or make an Anodyne Oyntment of Dwarf-elder to a∣noint the part inflamed. Thus, Take Dwarfe-elder cut small, put it in a Glass phial, roule it in Dough and bake it, then take out the glass, and you shall ffnd a thick redish Oyl, a∣noint therewith.

The Herb called Paronychia is good against a Felon from whence it had its Name, the Felon is an Inflammati∣on at the Root of the Nails; as also five leaved Grass, or the skin of an Eg shell, or Dandelion, milkie Stalks, roule about the Finger.

Phlegmons may be wash'd with Juyces, Decoctions, or still'd Waters of Herbs; as that of Moulin which is best, with Rose-water.

Aqua vitae doth so dissolve, that it takes away Tumor and Inflammation presently, allaies pain: when Labourers hurt themselves, they use it.

Dioscorides commends the Lyes of Wine in all Inflam∣mations, it is good to dissolve and to asswage pain.

Also use Oyl of Chamomil, Lillies, Orris, sweet Al∣monds, or Roses, or Fats, as Oesipus of Wool or Propo∣lis.

Or bruise or boyl the Plants mentioned, with Vinegar at first, then Wine, Honey, Oyl, Fats, Turpentine, and Brans, or Meales.

Or apply Raisons as in Furunculus, with Salt, &c.

Or chew Wheat or its Flower, with Water and Honey, or with Leaven.

Or Rose cakes boyled in Lye to dissolve, adding Oyl of Chamomil, or Dill.

Or Smallage, and Henbit beaten with Tartar, and Oyl of Chamomil.

Or this Cataplasm. Take Roots of Althaea, Docks four ounces, Lillies two ounces, Pellitory, Vervain, Coltsfoot, each an handful; Feaversew, Wormwood half an handful, Chamo∣mil flowers and Roses, each a pugil; Barley meal, and Foenu∣greek four ounces, Figgs five pair, boyl them in Water, bruise and add Oyl of Roses, Chamomil, each two ounces; Hens grease an ounce and half.

Or make it of Bran or Wheat flower a pound, Pease, or Lupine flower two ounces, boyl them in Water and Honey, ad pouder of Orris, red Roses, each two drams; Myrtle seeds a dram, Saffron half a dram, Oyl of Roses and Chamomil, each an ounce and half.

A Cataplasm to digest more, and to be used in the De∣clination: Take Lilly roots three ounces, Orris, and Briony roots two ounces, Mallows, Moulin, Bindweed, Dane-wort, each a handful; Chamomil, Melilot, Elder and Rosemary flo∣wers, each half a handful; Meal of Lupins, or Orobus and Foenugreek, each two ounces; Dates six, boyl them in Honey, and Water, add Oyl of Lillies and Orris, each an ounce and an half; of Roses an ounce, Hogs grease an ounce and half, Oesi∣pus an ounce, with Saffron half a dram, make a Cataplasm.

Or this of Juyces. Take Juyce of Pellitory, Coltsfoot, Plantane, each two ounces; Mucilage of Mallows, Foenugreek, or of whites of Eggs three ounces, Honey an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces, anoint and add Brans, Litharge, Ceruss, Saffron, or apply the Ashes of Box tree, with Honey.

Or, Take Cow dung half a pound, Juyce of Housleek, or Nightshade two ounces, Oyl of Chamomil and Roses, each an ounce; Bole half an ounce, anoint or apply it with Meals or Bran.

Or apply Olibanum, with Foenugreek, Meal, Rosin, and Honey.

In Furunculus, especially anoint with Scammony, Ho∣ney and Oyl, or with Juyce of Thapsia, or of Mulberry∣roots.

Or with Sandarack, and Grease, or Earth Cimonia, and Vinegar, or make Plaisters of the Stone Asius, with Pitch and Rosin, according to Dioscorides.

Who commends Earth Cimolia, Samia, Burning Stone, Ostracites, Alabaster, and get also the pouder of a Whet∣stone, when it comes off by whetting Iron alone, or with Honey.

Dioscorides commends pouder of Ivory for a Felon.

And Hartman commends Balsom of Sulphur, with a Clout to be used before and after Suppuration, and ope∣ning for the same.

You may also add Urin, Lye, and white of Eggs, to the Juyces mentioned.

Or use a Decoction of Litharge in Vinegar, with whites of Eggs added, and Ceruss.

Or the Oyntments of Ceruss and Litharge mentioned in Erysipelas.

Or Diachylon magnum, or Ireatum, or Diapalma, or Colcother, or Plaister of Calcitis of Avicen to digest, or Triapharmacum, of Litharge by Mesue.

Dioscorides saith that the Root of Lyons foot is a good Amulet against Furunculus.

If there be a little Tumor from a Con∣tusion, * 1.544 without a manifest or great wound, (for of wounds with contusion and inward Fractures we spake else∣where) it goes of it self away, or by dis∣cussers, and the blewness vanisheth. If it be great, and an Inflammation seared, or come first, use Repellers, then Discussers, not as in Phlegmon, but with respect to the bruised Flesh and congealed Blood. And if it will not be discussed but suppurate, then use Ripeners as in Imposthumes, and after cure it as an Ulcer.

To hinder the Flux of Blood at the first after Blood-let∣ting and other Revulsions mentioned in Phlegmon; If you will use Repellers (when the flesh is bruised and hath much Blood, you must not cool as in a Phlegmon, and bind) but apply them to the circumference of the part con, used, not upon itt least the blood by them by congea∣led and stopped.

Therefore apply Repellers and Discussers also, such as are prescribed for an Inflamation in the progress; as Oyl of Roses and Myrtles, with whites of Eggs, or Mucilage of Fleabane, with astringent Pouders of Myrtles, Roses, Pomegranate flowers, Snakeweed roots, Tormentil, Dra∣gons blood, Bole, Mastick.

Or thus: Take Lentils two ounces, Myrtle seeds, and Po∣megranate flowers, each two drams; Roses, Sumach and Ta∣marisk, each a dram; Acacia, Mastick, each two drams; Frankincense, Aloes, Dragons blood, each a dram; with Oyl of Roses, Turpentine, and Wax, make a Plaister or Lini∣ment.

If there be no fear of Inflammation, discuss the congea∣led Blood, though no Tumor appears but pain only, for then to be sure the matter lyeth deep. And give internal Potions if you fear any part to be broken, or blood to flow into the Cavities or part contused, and there to congeal. These internal Potions do cure alone very often in that case, when there is pain, and little or no tumor. These shall be spoken of with vulnerary Potions, but these following are the external Remedies.

Cataplasms and Emplasters of Wormwood, Chamomil, Melilot flowers, or Roses boyled in Oyl and Wine, ad∣ding Bean flower, or Mummy, Sanguis Draconis, each a dram to a pound.

If the Head be bruised, add Bettony, and Head herbs, but not too hot, if you fear Inflammations from the pain.

Or use pouder of Wormwood, with the white of an Eg.

Or Bran boyled with pouder of wormwood, and Vine∣gar, adding Oyl of Roses or Chamomil.

Or Lilly, Dragon roots, with Honey, and Goats dung.

Or Bean flower, with Oxymel and Tar, if the Nerves be bruised, or Orobus meal.

Or Snails bruised, with Foenugreek or Bean flower.

Or Cow dung, and Oyl of Roses.

An excellent Cataplasm to take away blewness in con∣tusions. Take pouder of Comfrey roots, boyl them in water and Honey to a pound, add Juyce of Rue and Wormwood, each an ounce and an half; Cummin seed two drams.

Or, Take Comfrey roots in pouder a pound, Pouder of Chamomil, Melilot flowers and Wormwood, each an ounce; Bean and Faenugreek meal, each three ounces; Butter and the Oyls mentioned two ounces, Saffron half a dram, make a Ca∣taplasm, add Juyces and Cummin seeds. This dissolves the contused mortified Flesh.

Anoint with hot Oyls, as of Chamomil, Dill, Lillies, Elder, Dane-wort; or add Repellers, as Oyl of Myrtles.

Or, Take Capons grease and Turpentine dissolved in Ho∣ney and Aqua vitae.

Or use the Oyntment made of a Goose in Podagra mentioned, with a little Cummin and Wormwood in pou∣der.

Or use Dialthaea, with Oyl of Violets, Earth-worms, Rue, Chamomil, Goose grease, Butter and Mummy; and it is best when after anointing, you sprinkle upon the part pouder of Cummin seed.

Or Oyntment of Alabaster, Agrippa, Ceruss, or Oxy∣croceum.

Or a Lixivium of Vine ashes, with Vinegar, Salt and Honey.

Or the Asnes of Vines applied with Vinegar.

Or wash with Urin or Aqua vitae, applied with a clout

hot, and quickly after will hinder the swelling, and dis∣cuss the blood.

At the conclusion to dissolve the matter, foment with the Decoction of Dwarf-elder roots, Osmond, Sanamun∣da, wormwood, Penny-royal, Mousewort, Chamomil, Melilot, Elder flowers, and Roses.

Or wrap the part in a hot Sheeps skin new flead off, or in an Ox skin, or put the part into a hot Dunghil.

In the conclusion of the Ears, Dioscorides anoints with Sulphur, Honey, and wine, and applies Onions and Bran.

If the Glanduls swell or be inflamed, or the Stones, you are instructed what to do in the Tumors of the Glanduls.

The Swelling of the Glanduls with pain, * 1.545 chiefly in the Groyns and Arm∣pits, or behind the Ears called Parotis. If it be without Inflamation with pain, as in young people that are growing, or when they swell from scabs and pains in the part adjacent, they are not much to be regarded. But we must prevent the Flux, and keep them from being handled, as Children do, and use revellers and derivers, if need be.

If the Tumor and pain be great or the Inflammation is begun or in being. And comes from pure blood, it is cal∣led Phygethlon or Panus when great, if it be less and from impure blood it is called Phyma, Bubo or Parotis. And these either come alone, or with long acute and malig∣nant Diseases, or in the French Pox or Plague, with, or without, Inflammation. And then first of all we evacuate, revel and derive by Blood-letting and purging, in respect of the Disease accompanying the Tumor, by which means alone, the body being handsomly purged, Veneral Bu∣boes are cured somtimes.

As for Topicks at first, if there be great Inflammation by reason of the pain, you must use Narcoticks and Ano∣dynes. But you must not use repellers, as in other Inflam∣mations, except there be an Inflammation in the Adenes, from an external cause, because the venemous humor, which causeth the Diseases, is commonly purged forth by these Emunctuaries. Therefore this motion of nature is rather to be helped and the tumors to be drawn forth with loosners to make it flow, and gentle heaters that a∣bate pain. And you must use stronge and very hot dra∣wers, when the Bubo, or Parotis are Pestilential; these things being applied at the first, you must then mix things to resolve the Humor gathered, or to ripen it, mixing in Pestilential causes things that attract poyson and abate its force and work by a certain propriety. Also in the pestilence to draw poyson out of the Body, we use Scarifi∣cations and burning. And when there is an impostum, you must cure it, being broken, as an Ulcer.

As for the remedies, if the pain be first to be cured, use the Anodynes mentioned in phlegmon and the Narcoticks which also dissolve, as I shewed, as Herbs Narcotick, A∣qua vitae and Lees of Wine.

As for other remedies to Relax, Attract, Dissolve, Ri∣pen, Open, and Correct, and Resist malignity by potenti∣al or actual propriety: They are as followeth.

The greasie wooll of Sheep, that hath Oesypus, may be applied to the Bubo, Parotis, behind the Ears, which re∣pels by its filth, and so not only abateth pain in Inflam∣mations, but repels and relaxeth, especially if it be first dipt in relaxing Oyls.

A common relaxing Oyl to ease pain: Take common Oyl, or Oyl of sweet Almonds and fresh Butter two ounces, Hons or Hogs grease an ounce, mucilage of Fleabane, Line∣seed or Althaea half an ounce, with the yolk of an Egg.

Another to digest, also is made of Oyl of Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, Elder, Wall-flowers, Lillies, Orris, Jesamin, bitter Almonds, with Hens, Duck or Goose grease, with Mucilage of Fenugrek and Saffron.

Or make a Relaxing, Attracting, Digesting, Fomenta∣tion of the Decoction of Mallows, Lillies, Camomil flo∣wers, and Melilot, as the Inflammation of the Papps and Stones. Also you may apply often a hot Spunge boyled in Wine and Water.

Or Althaea, Mallows, Pellitory, Lillies, Chamomil, Melilot, to relax and dissolve the Bubo and Parotis; or the Roots of Daffodil, Swordgrass, Rue, Bulbus, and Perso∣nata, or Aster Atticus, which is called Bubonium, or Ingui∣nalis, because it is proper for Buboes. Or Scabious, which is siugular in the pestilential Bubo. Or Moulin roots and and all Maidenhair, Plantane, Arage, Brooklime, Elder, Yarrow, Haresfoot, Sclarea, Southernwood, Galiopsis, Acinos, Isatis or Wood, Coriander, Onobrychis, Cony∣za, Pycnocomum leaves, of wild Olive, or the Flowers of Panax asclepias. And when you will dissolve and attract more, Rocket and yellow Crowfoot, and Leaves of Con∣siligo, Nut-tree bark, and black Briony, bruised and boy∣led in Water or Wine, or Oyl and Water, with Vinegar, Honey, or Oyl of Roses, Chamomil or Fats. Dioscorides applies it beaten with Salt; or with Treacle or Mithridate, when the Bubo is pestilential.

Or with Meal of Barley, Pease, Lineseed, Foenugreek, Lupins, Darnel made to a Cataplasin.

Or the Brans alone, with the Liquors mentioned, with Oyls and Honey often applied warm.

Or make Cataplasms of Onions, Lillies, Althaea, and Briony roots, and Orris, with Butter, Grease, or Oyl, and with Figgs, Foenugreek and Lineseed.

Or in the Plague with Treacle, Mithridate, and other Antidotes; or cut the top off from an Onion, and fill it therewith, then cover it, and roaste it, and bruise it, and lay it on, with Vinegar, Juyce of Citrons, or Pomegra∣nates, Oyl of Scorpions, St. Johns-wort and Saffron.

Raddish is good in the plague, if it be sliced and laid on after, with a hole in the middle, to let out the Venom.

Or apply green Crab-apples in the plague.

Or a Pomegranate sliced and boyled in Vinegar, ad∣ding Juyce of Scabious, or Sorrel, or the distilled Waters thereof.

The Yolk of an Eg and Salt, draws and dissolves the Juyce of Scabious. And if the Bubo be pestilent, with Antidotes, or salt Bacon.

Or black Soap, with Lye and Ammoniack, dissolved in Vinegar, to discuss a Phyma.

In the venereal Bubo drink and wash with Water of Celandine.

A Cataplasm to attract, dissolve, and ripen. Take Lillies, Onions, Althaea roots, Raddish, all peeled and clean∣sed four ounces, Mallows and Scabious, each a handful and an half; Chamomil and Melilot flowers, each a pugil; Figgs five pair, boyl and stamp them, add Foenugreek meal two ounces, Gum Ammoniack and Galbanum, each six drams; dissolve them in Wine, and with Oyl of Lillies and Grease make a Cataplasm.

It will be stronger, if you add Mustard seed, pigeons dung.

This is an admirable Cataplasm in the plague. Take a great Onion, and make it hollow, and fill it with Treacle, roast it in the Embers, take off the outward Skins, and bruise it with Meal of Secalis, Honey, Yolk of an Eg, Goose dung, and a little Turpentine, apply it hot.

Emplasters to attract, and then dissolve, that must be cut in the middle to let out the Vapors, are Diachylon mag∣num, and Ireatum, or Melilot, or Althaea, with Rosin, Galbanum and Ammoniack.

Or apply Galbanum alone to the Groyns, when the pockey Bubo appears, and then vanisheth, to draw the Venom to the part.

Or, Take Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, Opopa∣nax dissolved in Vinegar of Squills, or Aqua vitae, and with Oyl of Lillies, and half an ounce of pouder of Orris to four oun∣ces thereof, and two drams of Scabious, or a dram of Euphor∣bium or Cantharides, if you will have it stronger.

Or Treacle, with spirit of Sulphur, and Oyl of Juniper is good to draw out Venom.

Another proper for a Phyma: Take Labdanum, Bdelli∣um, Ammoniacum, dissolved in old Oyl with an ounce of Proplis, or other dissolver, Turpentine half an ounce, Ho∣ney and Hogs grease, of each an ounce; with Pitch and wax, make a Plaster.

At the first in the Plague, especially use these to draw out venom.

A Cock, Hen, or Cicken, or a Puppy, or a Frog, or Toad, which is best divided, or Sheeps lungs hot and bloody, often applied.

The Chymists in the plague, take Toads and make a hole in their Heads and hang them in the Air to dry, and keep the dry being beaten flat. These they lay upon the Bubo to suck out the venom, for they will swel, being laid on, as if they would break. See Paracelsus in his Book of the plague.

Or take a Cock, Hen, or Pidgeon, make the rump bare and cast Salt thereon, and hold the bill fast, that as the vulgar suppose they may suck the poyson in back∣wards.

A Cupping-glass with great slame, is good also to at∣tract poyson, applied upon the part, or about it.

Or Housleeks to suck out venemous blood.

Somtimes we scarifie or cut a pestilent Bubo, to make way for the poyson, or use an actual or potential Cau∣tery.

Some cut it clean off. These are dangerous re∣medies to be used with deliberation, for they draw not much out of the body, and endanger the patient, especial∣ly if there be Inflammation.

If Tumors be in the Breasts and Stones without a true inflammation, * 1.546 from abun∣dance of Milk, there is rather a distenti∣on with pain in the Breasts, this is to be refer'd to magnitude increased, or when the Stones swel without Inflammation, as in the Colick, it ceaseth with the Colick.

But if there be a Tumor in them from other Causes and Inflammation be feared or begun. Which causeth per∣verse Ulcers, often in the Breasts, and hardness or Scirrhus in the Stones. The Cure of them shall be shewed, as in the Inflammation of them.

If blood flow much to them, presently open a Vein, if the paps be inflamed in the Arm, and then in the Foot, especially if Terms be stopt. If the Stones be inflamed, first open a Vein in the foot, then in the Arm to revel and derive, and apply Cupping-glasses to the Arms and Hips with Scarification and Repellers to the part, and Ano∣dynes. Then dissolve that which is flowed to the part, least it turn to matter and cause an Ulcer, which in those parts is not easily cured.

Use the repellers mentioned in Phlegmon and the dige∣sters also, such as have meals in them.

Or thus: Take Plantane, Groundsoyl, mallows, each a handful; boyl them, and add at the end water of Night∣shade and Roses, stamp, and add Barley, Rise, Bean and Pease meal, each three ounces; Oyl of Roses two ounces, Oyl of Chamomil an ounce, make a Cataplasm with Bdellium, dissolved in Vinegar half an ounce.

Also take remedies prescribed in Phlegmon against pain such as are Narcotick and digest rather then Anodynes, which will cause Suppuration, which must here be pre∣vented.

And use dissolvers as in Phlegmon adding the roots of Coriander and Dasies.

Or apply Coriander, Raysons and Honey beaten.

Meal of pease and Beans is best here, if boyled in Wine or dissolving Oyls mentioned in Phlegmon with Honey, Vinegar and Cummin seed.

Or mix Mucilage of Althaea, Foenugreek, Linseed with Farines or Meals and Oyl.

Dioscorides commends Wallnuts, with Rue and Ho∣ney.

And you may use Raysons stoned, or Figs and Dates, boyled in Wine, or the pulp thereof a pound with pease and Bean. Meal, each two ounces; Faenugreek half an ounce, with digesting Oyls, Orris pouder half an ounce, and seeds of Irion a dram, Honey two ounces, to discuss Better.

Dioscorides applies Vine leaves and Salt.

And Leaven with Organ and Salt.

Also dryed Cow dung, boyled with Honey and Wine, is good.

Or Treacle with Saffron, Honey and Oyl.

Or Foment, as in Flegmon, with Althaea, Mallows, Wormwood, Orris roots, wild Cowcumbers, Melilote, Chamomil, Rosemary, Elder, Staechas flower, Roses, Foenugreek, Linseed, common Figs boyled in Wine, add∣ing Honey and Vinegar.

Or dip Wooll in digesting Oyls, and apply it.

Or this Oyntment: Take Oyl of Chamomil and Lillies, each an ounce and an half; Galbanum and Labdanum, dis∣solved in Vinegar, each half an ounce; Cummin seed a dram, dryed Cow dung two drams, Saffron half a scruple, with Wax.

Live Crabs, or unboyled Cray-fish, bruised and applied are highly commended.

If the Inflammation of the Paps, or Stones tend to Sup∣puration, Cure it as impostums.

Imposthums coming after Inflammati∣ons, are a like Cured in all parts. * 1.547 By ripning, and opening, and curing the Ul∣cer.

An Impostume must be ripned as soon as it comes, as when the matter flowed in the Phlegmon, cannot be dis∣solved, that so it may be turned to Pus or Quittor and voi∣ded by an Ulcer. Such an Ulcer is not very difficult, if well looked to, but when we know and perceive that an Inflammtion tends to an Impostume, we must help nature, and the more, when it is apt to suppurate presently, as most little Pustles do. And we must be more diligent, if the suppuration be difficult and long, as in Furunculus, in which instead of matter there is a lump of flesh that is long fixed, and especially in parts of most concernment, or noble, where the matter may prejudice by being long kept in, as about the joynts and in Paronychia or Fellons except the matter be presently concocted, and get forth the bones in that place, and the Nerves grow foul. This Maturation or Suppuration, is commonly done by the benefit of Nature only, which concocts the Humor, and therewith some part of the part afflicted, in which the blood is without any putrifaction, only it turnes to a white matter. Which stinks not, for putrefaction differs much from Suppuration, and follows it when nature ceaseth to Maturate or ripen, or doth it slowly or imper∣perfectly, as in Furunculus, therefore to help her, the Physitian applyeth Suppuratives or ripeners, which are temperate or gently hot, and Emplastick, which by nou∣rishing the natural heat, makes Maturation. This is done by Anodynes, which after the same manner, as I shewed, cause Maturation. And many Suppurative Medicines, would be Anodyne, if the breeding of matter did not cause new pains.

Also many dissolving Medicines, being not too hot or dry, but gently hot, when they cannot dissolve matter, by reason of its incapacity and unsitness, help Suppurati∣on, when nature tends that way, or at least hinder, if not. All these maturating or ripning remedies, being actually warm and gently hot, doth thereby hasten Suppurati∣on.

Also concocting remedies ripening or Suppurating are applied, that they may better operate in forms of Cata∣plasms or plaisters, as Triapharmacum Galeni, made of Wheat floure, Oyl and Water boyled to a pultis, and colored with Saffron to make it concoct the better.

Or instead thereof, use this: Take wheat flour, or of Zea, or Maizi; (which are outlandish grain privatly commen∣ded) or crums of Bread, boyl them in water, or fat broath

not salted, or milk if there be pain, and to a pound, add Oyl or ••utter, or Hogs grease, of each an ounce and an half; two yolks of Eggs and mucilages, if you please.

Or make it of crums of bread or flower, with Lillie roots, Onyons and Milk, adding Butter, Oyl or Grease. You may boyl also Mallows, Althaea roots, Ground-sill Figs.

Or: Take Marshmallow roots and Lilly roots, each two ounces; Bryony roots an ounce, Emollient herbs, Groundsoyl, Coleworts, Eryngus three handfuls Violets a pugil, Figs six pair Raysons stoned ten pair, wheat flower or Bread three ounces, pon∣der of Faenugreek or Linseed two ounces, boyl and bruise them, add of the fat mentioned two ounces, Oyl of Lillies, Violets sweet Almonds an ounce and an half, Saffron half a dram, make a Cataplasm.

Or: Take a white Onyon (which because it is not so sharp as the other sort, doth more maturate or ripen and digest) and Figs sliced, boyl them, mix them with Butter or Oyl and flower, yolks of Eggs and Turpentine.

Or: Take Figs two ounces, Labdanum, Frankincense, each a dram, Storax Liquid and Turpentine, each half a dram, with Flower, Oyl and Hogs grease, make a pultis.

Or roast Henbane leaves in the Embers, and apply it with sats and digesters, for the sats being temperate, will moderate their Heat.

The roots of Dogs Tongue bruised, is good against the Plague, and suppurates well.

Some apply Bird-lime, others liquid Vernish.

Dioscorides applies Birdlime, Wax and Rosin, equal parts.

Or Bird-lime with Mallows, Wormwood, Linseed, Ho∣ney and Oyl boyled,

Or sweet Butter and Wax.

Or Pitch, or Wax, or both with Oyl, Turpentine and Frankincense.

Others apply yolks of Eggs or with the whites, with Oyl or Butter, or Suet, or Marrow and Turpentine, with Frankincense and Saffron.

Or Mucilage of Althaea roots, Faenugreek and Linseed with Oyl of Butter or Grease, and yolks of Eggs.

The usual Maturating plasters, are Tetrapharmacum Galeni made of Pitch, Rosin, Wax and Cows grease, or Oyl, if there be pain, and then it is called the little Basili∣con of Mesue. Also common Diachylon: or the little Dia∣chylon in pain. Or the great, which digesteth most, and if it will not be digested, it will help maturation, if there be much Oyl, and you use other mollifiers, as Oyntments of Althaea resumptive and Aureum. Aetius useth Un∣guentum Macedonicum, to ripen the Furunculus.

Or soment with Water and Oyl, or Oyl alone, or apply it with wooll, before you use other application.

The juyce of Colewort, or the mucilage of its seeds, is good.

Or Flesh, or Fishes, or Cravfish, cause Suppuration, or a warm hand often applied. Therefore we prohibit hand∣ling of any Tumors, when we will not have them Sup∣perate.

When the Impostume is ripe, it must be opened, that is when there is matter, which you may know by its soft∣ness and point, as we shewed.

Somtimes it must be opened, before perfect maturation when it is about the joynts, or noble parts, least the mat∣ter retained should hurt them. And when the Bubo is from a pestilent or mailgnant humor.

Nature or things that ripen do open, when the Skin, Flesh and Blood are concocted, and made more tender and soft by boyling as it were.

Or we open by violence and cutting or breaking the skin, with potential or actual openers.

They which potentially open, are some milder, which ripen and open, also these we use when we defire to open by degrees, others are stronger and suddenly corrode, burn or pierce the Skin.

Leaven added to the above mentioned maturatives, or ripners, or yolks of hard Egs and meal, or Grease and O∣uions, will mature and help to open.

Scabious, Coleworts, Daffodil roots, Bugloss, ony∣on do the same.

Also rotten Nuts, and Watercresses, and Smallage, which are sharp, bruised and applied with Figs, Meal and oyl.

Or Danewort bruised with Hogs grease, is good, if of∣ten applied in the Impostums of the breast.

Or rotten Apples, ripe Bramble berries, or ripe ber∣ries of Herb-true-love open impostums, or an Onyon, or Garlick.

Or ashes of Colewort roots, Figtree with Vinegar o∣pen strongly, but gently with grease.

All dungs are approved to ripen and open impostums, as Ox dung, especially fodder. or Goats dung for the parotis, Goose dung is highly esteemed in the Fellon, or Paronychia, being new and hot, for it presently breaks it. In other Impostumes, use ••ow dung, Hogs Goats and Dogs dung. And when you will open quickly and force∣ably apply Pidgeons and Hens dung. All these may be applied alone, or boyled in Wine, adding Vinegar or dis∣solved in Oyl and mixed with meal.

The Cataplasms made of the things mentioned, will be stronger. If you add to the Plants bruised or boyled, as much Leaven and the part of Doves dung with strong Vinegar, which will boyl the skin, and make it open. And they will be stronger yet, if you add Mustard half an ounce, or Niter and Sulpher vive, each two drams.

A Plaster that presently breaks all Impostums though venemous and pestilential: Take Load-stone half an ounce, Turpentine and Oyl of Scorpions, of each an ounce; Mastick, Amber, Myrrh, Sarcocol, Ammoniacum, Cantharides prepared, each two drams; Rosin four ounces, wax half a pound: make a Plaster, spread it upon Leather, or new cloth, and apply it hot.

Or mix Honey Anacardine, with Pitch and apply it.

Or Euphorbium boyled a little in oyl, because it burns, add dungs and a little Ammoniacum.

Or use Sal Armoniack with Leaven and yolk of an Eg, Saffron and a little opium.

Or quick Lime with Soap Honey or fasting spittle.

Potential cauteries open the skin sooner by burning, with pain, but without when they mortifie and black the skin. And though the escar staies long, yet round about where it seperates presently from the same skins there is passage for the humor, till it fall off. These are appli∣ed in that part of the Impostum, where it is softest, or pointed in a plaster having a hole in the middle, where they are placed, least they should spread and inflame, and if there be pain it must be after asswaged, and the part must be defended round about with the defensive oynt∣ment mentioned in phlegmon

Galen prescribes many as Caustick balls of Polydas, Andro, Musa, Dytinus, made of Calcanthum and Allum and the like. Also the two caustick oyntments of Andro∣machus.

The Arabians have many. Falopius and Paraeus menti∣on the chief, which work quickly without pain and with∣out Opium, which is used but to little purpose, as I ob∣serve.

Among which that is wholly without pain, which is made of Capital Lye boyled by degrees to a stone. This Lye is made of three parts of unsleaked Lime, and two parts of Wine Lees burnt, with water poured on, and of∣ten strained or boyled, and it is stronger, if instead of wa∣ter, you use a Lye of Bean stalks or Oak.

And it will burn the skin sooner, if you add the fourth part of sal Armoniack or Allum, or Calcanthum to the Lime and Lees of Wine, but then it is more painful and therefore they add Opium.

You may boyl up a Caustick stone also of Soap, Lye with Chalcanthum, sal Armoniack or Allum.

Sublimate made into a past with Populeon to abate pain, and Blood-stone to allay Inflammation, doth the same.

Or Cantharides, with Leaven and Vinegar, and Verdi∣greese, or Chalcanthum, or a little Orpiment; which wil work sooner, and the pain will be less.

Some wet the part with Aqua sortis, and six parts Wa∣ter.

A caustick Water: Take Vitriol and Arsnick, each two ounces, Sublimate half an ounce, Juyce of Briony six ounces, pouder of Cantharides two drams, distil them, and apply one drop to the place to be opened.

Or a drop or two of Oyl of Vitriol: This is the way of Nicolas Massa.

Actual opening is quickest, with a Knife or Lancet in the place that is soft and pointed, where we feel the mat∣ter thrusting it in til they come forth, and let the Orifice be large enough. If it be about the bendings, observe the wrinkles, that you may cut according to the lines of them.

When the Imposthume is deep, especially about the Joynts or other parts, where the matter remaining may do hurt, you must open it presently before the parts be corrupted, before the matter is concocted, or the Impo∣sthume appear manifestly. Therefore in Paronychia or Felon if there be great pain, though Suppuration appear not, yet cut it open from the fingers end on the side of the Nail, to the Bone, down to the Joynt, for so shall it pre∣vent the corruption of the bone from the matter.

A ripe Imposthume is somtimes opened with a hot Iron either burning through the skin, or making only an Es∣char as a potential Caustick doth, but sooner. Also in a Felon we burn the corrupt bone, as shall be shewed in Ul∣cers.

A Cancer being a Tumor differing from a Phlegmon, * 1.548 growing by degrees without Inflammation, and of a fleshy substance deeply fixed; and when it is ulcerated differing from other Ulcers by its fixed lump of Flesh, and the claws and turning in of the Lips, hurting by its venemous quality rather then by pain and heat, hath a different Cure from other Tumors and Ulcers.

First you must prognosticate, for if it be newly begun and be little, it is not to be known but by skilful Physiti∣ans, and it is usually neglected: And therefore you must declare that the growth thereof is hard to be hindered. And if it be grown, it is worse, and if it be at the height, it can never be cured; and if it be ulcerated, it is deadly, except it can be taken out by the Roots.

Therefore at the first beginning there is hope, when it is confirmed, there is less or none, especially if it be ulcera∣ted, therefore palliate it thus.

And in regard we have no certain known Antidote a∣gainst the malignant quality and matter that produceth and nourisheth a Cancer, we cannot resist it: For if that were known, we could cure it as other tumors, but it will not be discussed. And if we should go about to soften and suppurate it, as unlearned Chirurgions do, we should make it worse, and sooner ulcerate. Therefore let us en∣deavor by al means to hinder its growth, while it is grow∣ing, and after to keep it from an Ulcer, and if it be ulce∣rated, to keep it from corruption while it may be, or let us at first while there is strength, utterly root it out, or af∣ter when it is desperate. In the mean space all the time, let us keep the Body clean, and preserve the strength, and oppose Symptoms.

To hinder its growth while there is strength in the be∣ginning, and when the Body is plethorick, let blood sca∣rifie, and cup in the parts distant, or near to revel and de∣rive. Against this also the Flux of Haemorrhoids and Terms, is a good help.

We purge also from the beginning, to take away the plenty of Humors, and hinder the growth of the Cancer, than to abate Melancholy, which is thought to be the cause of the Cancer; for purging cannot take away the venemous quality thereof, as of others, as in the French Pox, wherein we purge strongly to cure it, therefore in a Cancer the Body being weak, it is not safe, nor profita∣ble. Forms for Purges are described in other Diseases, therefore we shall not here repeat them.

The Patient must be refreshed with very good Diet as in Hectick Feavers, chiefly with Meats made of Cray-fish or Broath thereof, which hath a propriety as they suppose, from the Name rather then thing, for it is nothing like a Cray-fish in the shape. They must forbear salt and sharp meats, that it may not ulcerate: wine is good for them. And they must have Cordials inwardly given and outwardly applied, as in Hecticks. Especially such as resist Venom mentioned in pestilent Feavers, and such as shall be men∣tioned in venemous Ulcers, they are better then vulnera∣ry Potions, which are ordinarily given in this case of a Cancer ulcerated. And they highly commend that of Pyrola and ground Ivy, boyled in Wine against Cancers in Womens Breasts,

As for Topicks while the Cancer is whole, we labour to hinder the growth and ulceration thereby, by Dryers and Astringents, which have a propriety to fix and harden it.

This is done by many Repercussives mentioned in Ery∣sipelas and Phlegmon, made of Plants and their Juyces, besides the Anodynes and unctious Medicines.

Polytrichum is the best Herb in this case, and Herb Ro∣bert which is called divine, and Cancer-healers. Also Ceterach, Coriander, Agrimony, Polygonum. And Moulin, Plantane, Endive, Nightshade, Shepheards purse, Comfrey, Sanguisorba, Dock, Galiopsis, Housleek, Moon∣wort.

These are to be bruised and applied, with Vinegar, or Juyce of green Grapes.

Or thus: Take Roots of Moulin and Docks, each two oun∣ces; Polytrichum two handfuls, stamp them with Vinegar, add pouder of burnt Cray-fish half an ounce, make a Cata∣plasm.

Another: Take Meal of Lentils, or Pease a pugil, Ker∣nels of rotten Nuts, or parched, bruised six, boyl them in Vi∣negar,

The Flesh of Sea-crabs which are more like a Cancer, or Cray-fish, or Snails, or Froggs, is good boyled and ap∣plied.

You may apply the Juyces of the Herbs mentioned, with Vinegar.

Or thus: Take Juyce of Plantane, Nightshade, Endive, Housleek, and of the rest two ounces, Rose-vinegar an ounce, Oyl of Roses, or Myrtles two ounces, Turpentine half an ounce, stir them in a leaden Mortar, add Pomegranate and Citron peels, each a dram; Bole two drams, burnt and washt Lead a dram, Camphire half a dram, anoint often therewith.

A Plate of Lead is good to keep down a Cancer.

In an ulcerated Cancer we dry and a∣stringe more, * 1.549 to abate the stink and pu∣trefaction, and constant gleeting of blood which bring death. And if any part be corrupt, we must endeavor to take it off with Medicines, and to root out the Cancer by manual Operation.

The Plants mentioned are good to dry, and now in an Ulcer, add Nettles, Rue, St. Johns-wort, Danewort, Sca∣bious, Knotgrass bruised.

Or use the Juyces or Pouders, with Oyl of Roses.

Pouders also, or Ashes of Cray-fish, or Crabs, Snails, Froggs, Weezles brains, Mans dung dryed in an Oven, and other Dryers, as Stones of Myrobalans, or Olives, or Shoo-soles; or of the Herbs mentioned, or of old Willow Psithia, Pomegranate flowers, Seeds of Irion, Galiopsis, pouder of Harts horn; also of Lead burnt and washt, of Ceruss, crude Antimony, Tutty, Pompholix, Litharge: Also of Bole, Milstone, Gypsum burnt, and the rubbing of Whetstones. These may be mixed with Juyces, or stampt Herbs, and applied.

Or apply stampt Raisons, and Rue, and Coleworts boyled in Milk, with Sugar to drive away the stink, or lay on Bay leaves.

A good Oyntment. Take Juyce of Moulin, Herb Ro∣bert, or Polytrichum an ounce, Honey three ounces, pouder of burnt Stones of Myrobalans two drams, Ashes of burnt Crabs a dram, make an Oyntment.

This is better: Take Juyce of Plantane, Shepherds purse, Agrimony, and Vinegar five ounces, Oyl of Roses, or Myr∣tles four ounces, Turpentine an ounce, stir them in a leaden Mortar, add Litharge half an ounce, Lead burnt and washt, Bloodstone, each two drams; crude Antimony a dram, Coral burnt and washt two scraples, ••earl a scruple, Camphire a scruple, Ashes of rabs a dram, make an Oyntment, to which you may add the pouders above mentioned, espe∣cially that of Mans dung.

Also use Oyl of Eggs stirred in a leaden Mortar.

Or Diapompholygos or plaisters of Lead, to dry a can∣cer ulcerated.

Keep it clean washt with Vinegar and Juyces of Herbs, or with stronge Lye of Fig-tree ashes, or Willow, or Juni∣per, or with Urin: They will be stronger if you add Vi∣triol.

The distilled Water of Mans dung and Coriander, is highly commended.

This following pouder preserved an old Man many years in a Cancer, from putrefaction, stink and bleeding, it was all over his Cheek and Neck. Take Galls and Pomegranate peels, each an ounce; Gypsum burnt two ounces; Bole an ounce. Litharge and Cademia, each half an ounce; round Birthwort three drams, burnt Lead two drams, pouder of Crab shells a dram, make a sine pouder, or a plaister of them, with Honey and Turpentine.

We use Sal Gem or Allum, to take away corrupt Flesh, with an equal part of pouder of Earth worms.

Or mix therewith Juyce of Briony, or Dragons.

Or Aegyptiacum to resist putrefaction.

These are stronger, Orpiment and Tartar, equal parts, steep them in Vinegar, and make a pouder.

Or, Take Crystal, Arsnick two drams, Cookowpint roots, an ounce, make a pouder.

Or, Take Orpiment a dram, Verdigreese two drams, white Wine a pint, infuse them, pour of the clear, and boyl it till the third part remain, use it with a little Rose-water.

Or, Take Sublimate a dram, Rose, Plantane, and Night∣shade water four ounces boyl it a little.

The last Remedy is cutting it forth by the roots, if strength will permit. It is in vain to try when it is deep, and grows to the Flesh, Membranes, and Veins; for if a portion remain, it will grow again. And if it be great, and near great Veins. there is danger of great bleeding, which is dangerous, if it be not presently stopt. But som∣times it may be wholly cut out, with a part of the sound flesh: As when it is in the Thigh or Arm. And if you cut a great space above the Cancer, and take it away, it will grow again; as I observed in a Maid who had a can∣cer cut from her Knee. The Cancer in the Breast is ta∣ken away with cutting the breast clean off: But if any Root remain in the Ribs, it will return.

Give me leave to relate the Cure of a Cancer, which was told me by a Friend. Take white Arsnick ••inely pou∣dered one part, Roots of Cookowpints poudered four parts, Chim∣ney soot as much as will make it grey or ash coloured, keep this pouder for your use, the older the better, it will last five years. Sprinkle this pouder as thick as the back of a knife upon an ulcerated Cancer, taking heed that it touch not the sound flesh, lay it thickest in the middle, because the middle Root of the Cancer is commonly biggest, then lay thereon a pledget wet with spittle, that it may stick with the pouder, otherwise it will not work. The Pa∣tient must be dressed thus after meat, and touch not the the cancer, but with wooden Instruments. There are some cautions to be used in the application of this pou∣der, by reason of its divers operations; for in some it cau∣seth pain, in other; not it pierceth to the Veins or Roots of the cancer, and there it sticks fast, so that it cannot be taken away without breaking of them. It must therefore be used but once, because its force remains till it takes all away with it. And no other medicines must be applied but round about in the circum••erance as broad as two ••in∣gers, you must lay De••ensives or Repellers to hinder In∣flammation. As, Take Bole, Arsnick, Oyl of Roses, and Vinegar. Also there is a great flux of blood sometimes from the piercing force of the medicine which breaks the Veins, with yellow and sharp matter, apply then nothing but dry double clouts, as often as they are wet, for it will be but a day or two, and will take away all pain. This done, expect the Cancer to fall from the sound flesh of its own accord, within eighteen or twenty dayes; for if the least Root be broken by force, before that time the cure is dangerous to be begun again. The separation being made of the cancer from sound flesh, use this pouder to the Ulcer. Take fine Olibanum, Mummy, Mastick Myrrh, Aloes, Sarcocol, each a dram; Opopanax half a dram, wash them in Plantane, and Rose-water, and make a fine pouder, you may increase the quantity of Mastick, Olibanum, Myrrh, and Sarcocol to make it sharper. After you have laid this pouder thick upon the Ulcer, use this Oynt∣ment upon a pledget. Take Litharge of Gold two ounces, Mummy an ounce, Oyl of Roses an ounce and half, with a little Rose-vinegar, stir them in a leaden mortar, and make it a soft Oyntment, with Oyl of Roses. It is sufficient to cure the Ulcer, if you apply these two once a day, at first there will come forth a slimy, white, thick matter, which must be dayly wipt away till the Cure is by Gods assistance compleat.

A Carbuncle or Anthrax if it be not pestilent, * 1.550 weakneth and is difficult and dangerous, when it is near the Heart, when it is dry or sends out venom and not mat∣ter, with great Inflammation. A pesti∣lent Carbuncle destroys by the pestilent Feaver which goes with it, and hurts the Joynts, and de∣stroys if it be in the noble Parts.

For cure of both, cleanse the whole Body, and use alte∣rers when it is pestilent, look to the Feaver rather then the Carbuncle, and let blood according to the part it is in: As we shewed in pestilent Feavers. In other Carbuncles bleed and purge in respect of the Plethory, and Cacochy∣my, and Inflammation to revel and derive. Use coolers agreeable to the Feaver; and Cordials inwardly and out∣wardly, and a refreshing Diet, and cause sleep if it be wan∣ting, though in a carbuncle it is forbidden, least thereby ve∣nom should be drawn to the Heart; but by heat external and sweat in time of sleep, we see the contrary that the heat goes outward: Therefore keep them not from sleep, as is usual.

When a Carbuncle is not pestilent, we use Topicks to repress the Inflammation; when it is we attract the Ve∣nom, we open and ripen it in both cases, and then cure it as an Ulcer.

In an Anthrax not pestilent we only lay Repellers round about where the Inflammation is, and that at first; such as are in Phlegmon mentioned, as the Defensive of Bole, and that of Juyces or the Oyntments, as that of Ceruss.

Or we use the Emplaster of Arnogloss to cool and con∣coct at first, or all a long the Cure, it is made of Plantane, Meal of Lentils, or brown Bread, adding Galls at fi••st to repel more, and to concoct more, Meal of Orobus, and Beans, and Honey.

In a pestilent Carbuncle at first we attract poyson, as in a Bubo pestilent as we there shewed; with a Cock cut in two, or a Pigeon, or Frog, or Toad, or with the Rump of a Cock or Pigeon; after the part is scarified, or with Cupping-glasses, or Horsleeches, or with the mouth of a desperate Fellow to suck it, or with the Instrument by which Womens breasts are drawn.

We open both sorts of Carbuncles to let out the venom or humor at first, by scarifying and in the progress, espe∣cially when it waxeth black with deep cuts, least they gangraene, which will cause death, and wash them with salt Water.

We also use Causticks to attract the venom, in both. And when it begins to corrupt, we use an actual Cautery with Gold, or Steel: or potential, as in Impostums, as the part of Galen, or Cantharides. It is usual to lay Sub∣limate or Arsenick upon it, in the middle of a plaster with a little hole in it; Or take four grains of it with a spoonful of the white of an Egg well beaten, and so touch the Carbun∣cle therewith.

We Maturate or concoct it both, as soon as the flesh where it is, begins to corrupt, so that a part of it being turned to matter, where it is joyned to the sound flesh, the rest may come forth whol, or by piece meal. You must choose things for this, that are proper against poyson or malignity.

As Scabious and Comfrey of both sorts, which are chiefly commended: After them Mullein, Dogs tongue, Mous-ear, Yarrow, Horstayl, Shep-herds purse, Goats rue, Coleworts, Althaea roots and Lillies. And accor∣ding to Dioscorides Motherwort, Savin, Cypres, Privet, Hercules, Panax stampt and applied with Salt, or their juyces,

Also Garlick, Leeks, Lilly roots and Radishes, Rocket, Water-cress, Nettles with Salt and Pepper.

Also Pomegranates sliced, and boyled in Vinegar, and bruised, do take off putrifaction and malignity from a Carbuncle.

Or the ripe berries of Herb-true-love, cut or bruised, are good in the plague, and ripe olives dryed are good in both.

Or dried Figs, or Raysons, or kernels of Wallnuts, or sinal Nuts, which are rotten with Salt and Leaven.

Dioscorides commends Raysons and Rue, with Honey and Pitch, to take away the Carbuncle round about.

The yolk of an Egg with a dram of Salt, doth the same, to which you may add Honey, Figs, Meal, and juyce of Scabious: or dissolve the yolk well salted in Vinegar and other proper juyces.

A convenient plaster: Take two cloves of Garlick, Rue, a pugil, Figs four, Leaven half an ounce, Salt a dram and an half, Pepper half a scruple, stamp them.

Or thus: Take roots of wild Cowcumbers or Bryony two ounces, sal Niter a dram, the Gall of a Hog a little dryed half an ounce, meal of Lupines a dram, with Turpentine.

Another: Take Mustard seed half an ounce, meal of Lu∣pines, or Orobus two drams, Figs an ounce, Gum Amoniack dissolved in Vinegar three drams, with Turpentine.

Also the dung of Hens, Pidgeons, Sparrows, Sheep, Oxen, are good to ripen alone, or with Honey, Vinegar, meal or yolks of Eggs, or Leaven: Somtimes we mix Soap, Dung and Vinegar. If you will use mans dung, which is so highly commended, let it be dryed and mixed with the rest.

Also soot of the Chimney, Leaven, yolks of Eggs and Salt are good, or Charcole of oak. Or this oyntment: Take Allum two drams, sal Gem half a dram with Ho∣ney.

Or use Niter and Turpentine.

Or juyce of plants mentioned, as Scabious, Comfrey, Mullein with meal, or yolks of Eggs.

Or oyl of Nuts, or Roses with Salt, Honey and Vine∣gar.

Or Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar with oyl of Lillies and Wax, dissolves a Carbuncle and draws out his poyson.

Or you may use Treacle or Methridate alone, or in a roasted Onyon, or with other herbs, to draw out poyson in the Plague, or to ripen in both.

Some affirme that the Saphire stone bound upon the Carbuncle, doth good.

They say also that if you bind Scabious bruised to a sound part, and lay Athanasia upon the Carbuncle, it will remove where the Scabious is.

The Ulcer left after a Carbuncle, shall be cured as other Ulcers.

Herpes miliar is somtimes goes away of it self, by drying up, or with little help, * 1.551 as fasting spettle, as also Phlyctenodes. Esthio∣menos is more hard to be cured, and through neglect turns to Impetigo or Psora.

The cure of these coming from a Cholerick, Salt and sharp humor, is much a like, As for Evacuations they must be such as purge those humors that cause them. First gentle to drive out the Excrements, and then stronger to purge the blood of its filth. These are to be given by way of prevention to them that are subject to these Dis∣eases. The forms of them are mentioned in Cholerick diseases and Fevers, and we shal speak more of them in the scab. As for Blood-letting it will not be necessary, ex∣cept other Circumstances invite.

We correct the heat and sharpness of humors, by alter∣ers mentioned in Fevers and with good Diet, and we use Topicks in both sorts of Herpes, from the beginning, which are very dry, and cool the sharp humors. By which a miliaris is easily cured, and some times Esthiomenos, but if it creep on, we use stronger dryers and things that clense the foul flesh, or eat it off from the sound, that it may no further corrupt it,

To dry and abate sharpness, use Plantane, Polygonum, Agrimony, Shep-herds purse, Bramble leaves, Privet, Vine leaves, Nightshade, wild Lentils bruised.

Or thus: Take Agrimony, Plantane, or Myrtle, or Olive leaves two handfuls, stamp them, add Sumach and Pomegranate peels, of each an ounce and an half; Barley or Lentil meal two ounces, boyl them in sharp Wine, or Wine and Vinegar, bruise them for a Cataplasm.

Or use the Emplaster of Arnogloss, or Lambs tongue mentioned in Carbuncle with Galls, Pomegranate peels, round Birthwort in ••••erpes Miliaris, or them of the three Pomegranats,

Or use the juyces of the plants mentioned, or of pome∣granats alone, or with the fourth part Vinegar, or the distil'd waters of them, with Rose water and Vinegar, with two drams of Camphire, to half a pint.

Acacia and Hypocistis, dissolved in Juyces or Vinegar, do dry and astringe excellently, and hinder creeping.

Or the liquor that comes from green wood while it burns, as from Vine or Oak, to which you may add other dryers.

These following dry more: Take juyce of Plantane, Po∣lygonum four ounces, Vinegar an ounce, with Barley meal, make an Oyntment.

These dry better, if instead of meal you add the pouder of Galls or Pomegranate flowers two drams, Bole half a dram.

Or thus: Take juyce of the herbs mentioned with Vinegar, Oyl of Roses and Myrtles, of each four ounces; let them boyl till the juyces be consumed, then add the pouders mentio∣ned, or of Pomeganate peels, or Acron cups, of each two drams; Birthwort a dram, and with Wax make an oynt∣ment.

In Esthiomenos to dry more and keep it from creeping, use this: Take the juyces mentioned with Oyls, boyled or not, for juyces are strongest then, add Litharge half an ounce, Tutty burnt and washt, Lead, Antimony, Blood∣stone, Cadmia, each two drams; burnt brass, or rust of Iron and Aloes, each a dram; Coral and Spodium, that is burnt Ivory, stir them in a Leaden mortar with the juyces and Oyls, and a little Turpentine, or if they be boyled, add a little wax for an oyntment.

A strong clenser: Take juyce of wormwood, Celandine the great, or Pellitory, or Elicampane, or of Rue three ounces, Myrrh two drams, Frankincense half an ounce, Salt a dram, with meal of Lentils, make an oyntment; or with meal of Lentils, Beans, or Barley, or an ounce of Oyl Omphacine, to take away putrefaction more powerfully.

Or thus: Take Letharge two drams, Sulphur two drams, Niter or sal Gem a dram, Verdigreese half a dram, with Ho∣ney, make an oyntment.

Or make an oyntment of Allum and Wine Lees.

Or use Ink to dry, because of the Allum, Vitriol and Galls.

Or Pompholygos, white oyntment of Rhasis, with dryers, as Allum, Niter.

Or wild Goats dung, as Dioscorides prescribes, or Cow dung with Wine and Vinegar.

Or pouder of the heads of salt-fish, as Herrings, or wooll and Leather, and pine tree bark burnt to a pouder dry well, when they are sprinkled upon a Herpes or Teter or mixed with oyl.

Or: Take two drams of those burnt pouders, roots of round Birthwort, Pomegranate flowers, Myrrh, each a dram; Oli∣banum a dram and an half, sprinckle it upon the Teter, first rubbing it, and anoynting with Oyl of Ash tree. Dio∣scorides commends the pouder of Snayl shells.

A good somentation for both sorts of Herpes or Teter is a distil'd water of Dock roots sliced and steep'd in Vine∣gar a day or two, or of Citron peels with Allum.

Or thus: Take of plants mentioned three handfuls, with myrtle leaves or Olive, Dock roots or Birthwort, each an ounce, Pomegranate peels and Galls, each six drams; Lupine seeds an ounce, myrtle seeds half an ounce, Acacia, Hypocistis, each six drams; boyl them in Forge water with a little sharp wine. to wash the Herpes Esthiomenus, add Frankincense and myrrh, to cleanse more, half an ounce.

Or wash with Lye and old Wine, wherein the things mentioned have been boyled.

Or with Vitriol dissolved in Vinegar and Water.

Or: Take Sublimate a dram and an half, Lytharge two drams, Borax half a dram, Camphire a scruple; boyl them in two ounces of proper water and wash the Teter: or we stop the eating thereof with things that shall be mentioned in corroding Ulcers.

Or: Take Dock roots three drams, great Celandine a hand∣ful, Allum, Sulphur, each an ounce; Salt a pugil with Wine and Vinegar, boyl them and let the vapor be received, so that it touch the Tetter.

Or apply plates of Lead after the Tetter is anoynted and steep them first in Vinegar, Salt, or Allum water.

In the Tetter called Esthiomenus, it is good to rub it til it bleed. And then the clensers appled, will work the bet∣ter.

Or burn of the corrupt flesh, with an actual or poten∣tial Cautery, as in Carbuncles.

The Scab is of many sorts, as the moist Scab, * 1.552 which is either ordinary, or feirce, spreading, as Tinea or Scald, Terminthus, Epi∣nyctis: or the dry Scab, as the Itch called Prurigo, Impetigo, or Psora, or Greek Leprosie, we shall speak of the Cure of all together, in the Cure of the Itch. The Phlyctaenae are blisters, when the scarf Skin is seperated from the true, and are cured as the corrosions of the Skin.

Of moist Scabs the vulgar is most gentle and easie to be cured, but when it often returns it is stubborn, and if not cured will turn to a worse sort. The next called Fera is worse, but curable, and if neglected, it turns to a worse sort. That which is worst is called Manans, or spreading, it is difficult to be cured, and is insectious in Children, and deformeth the Hair by eating it off. The Terminthus and Epinytis are easily cured. Among the dry Itches Prurigo is easiest to be cured, and Impetigo more hard, and Psora is most difficult, and they are turned from one into another if neglected, and easily return in Spring and Fall. And at length they turn to the Greek Leprosie, which is incurable, though it cease, it will return with an ugly crust consuming the patient and itching. And it is taken for the Elephantiasis, by them that cannot distin∣guish.

Also those may be cured alike, as for general helps, Evacuations and Alterers, because they come from Cho∣lerick, salt, sharp and malignant humors (as in the Cau∣ses) they must be purged, and let blood, and the alterers must be greater or less, according to the disease, with re∣spect to the constitution, and the Excrements abounding, as followeth.

In the moist Itch you must let blood, if Age or other things forbid not, because the Anticedent cause is salt serum, which is cholerick and sharp in the blood, and this will partly come forth by bleeding. Which must be ra∣ther done, when there is Plethory or fulness, which caus∣eth pustles. The Vein opened must be for general or particular Evacuation of that Member, which is most in∣fected. In the dry Itch, though there be not such moist pustles, yet because the blood is very unclean, you must bleed also, especially if the skin be red, as in Prurigo, which shews heat. This must be done before purging often, and every month you must Cup and Scarifie, or apply Horsleeches. And the Terms and Haemorrhoids must be provoked, in them that are used to them, as we shewed in the want of them.

In all kinds of moist or dry Itches, you must purge of∣ten, when the body is foul, and in Psora, which is worst, if every day, or every other day, for a long time, especi∣ally Spring and Fall. And this must be by fit Medicines, that purge cholerick, salt and sharp humors, from the Guts and Meseraicks and so from the Mass of blood, adding alwaies things that resist sharpness of humors. And choosing such as inflame not the body too much.

These purges are to be found in other diseases of chol∣ler and melancholly stronger or weaker. Especially in intermitting feavers and continual putrid. As well such as are prescribed before bleeding to cleanse the Excrements in the belly, as strong purges, and the preparatives to be taken before them. As that Apozem mentioned in a Sy∣noch with Erysipelas, and the purges prescribed against Melancholly: or these.

Let them drink whey morning and evening, especially of Goats Milk, so much as may purge, this is pleasant for Children.

Or dissolve some pleasant things therein, as Manna or syrup of Roses, or Violets, or of Peach flowers; with a little Diagredium, if need be. Or give some other pur∣ging syrup therein, that may be taken.

Or give of Roses, Fumitory, Hops, and of Bugloss, Docks and Apples.

Or make a little at a time, because it will soon decay, as of whey or old Cock broath two pints with Mercury, Beets, Fumitory, Hops, Elder flowers or Danewort buds, Senna, Polypody, Epithymum, Damask Roses, with a lit∣tle Sugar or Honey.

Or give usual syrups to purge unclean blood, as the gentle syrup of Roses, Violets, Peach flowers, made of their infusions or juyces with Sugar or Honey. Juyce of Fumitory, or Hops, or Mercury, or Rhamnus solutive, or the juyce of its berries. Thus: Take the grains, or seeds of the drying thorn called Merla, through ripe, bruise them, and keep them in an Earthen vessel eight daies warm: take a pint of the juyce and as much fine Sugar, mak a syrup with Cinnamon and Ginger, of each six drams; Cloves two drams. This syrup, is not good only for Scabby people, but Gouty, and such as have flegmatick and serous hu∣mors.

Or give syrup of Roses with Rhubarb, of Eupatorium with Rhubarb, of Apples by King Sabor, of the juyce and Senna, or that of Fumitory, Epithymum, Polypody, My∣robalans, Tamarinds, Cassia of Epithymum compound: or that of Fumitory, Myrobalans, Tamorinds and Aga∣rick, of Succory with Rhubarb: of Diasereos, and the like.

Or that of Apples and Hellebore. Thus made: Take Bugloss and Borage roots and all, each two handfuls; Fumi∣tory, Eupatory, Chamaepytis, or Groundpine, Germander, Madenhair, each a handful: Bugloss, Borage and Staechus flowers, each apugil; Raysons stoned an ounce, tops of Time

and Epithymum, each half an ounce; Senna an ounce and an half, Polypody two ounces, black Hellebore steept in white wine three drams, Schaenanth two drams, boyl them, and add to the straining Juyce of sweet Apples twelve ounces, Sugar two pounds make a syrup.

Another by Montanus made of Senna, Rhubarb, Myro∣balans, Epithymum, Polypody, bark of black Hellebore six drams, with an ounce of Cloves, and four ounces of Liquorish boyled to five pints.

Or this purging Decoction for five or six doses. Take Dock roots three ounces, Grass, Asparagus, Kneeholm, Eli∣campane, Liquorish, each an ounce and half; Fumitory and Mercury two ounces, Polypody four ounces, Succory, Dandeli∣on, Sowthistle, Bugloss, roots and all Scabious, Fumitory, Hops, Mercury, Maidenhair, Eupatorium, Endive, Liverwort, Sor∣rel, Violets, Lettice, Balm five or six handfuls, Cordial flow∣wers, Water-lillies, Moulin flowers four pugils, Budds of Hops tops, of Thyme and Epithymum, each a pugil; Aniseseed two drams, Seeds of Dodder, Melons and Sorrel, each a dram; Carthamus bruised three ounces, Raisons stoned two ounces, Prunes six pair, Sebestens or Jujubes eight pair, Tamarinds an ounce and half, infuse the Seeds and Roots in a pint of white Wine, then add as much Water with a little of the Decoction of Lignum vitae, or Wormwood-water, boyl and strain, ad sugar and Cinnamon, give it often as Ishewed

If you will have it work more, infuse three ounces of Sen∣na or four, or make it into a syrup, with half a pound of Su∣gar, give it as you find it works, or mix it with Water of Bu∣gloss, Fumitory, Maidenhair or the like, or with Pulp of Cassia or Tamarinds make an Electuary, you may add also Diagredium to make it stronger.

You may also boyl Soldanella, with the Decoction of Senna or for the stronger people, three or four drams of black Hellebore, and add an ounce of Myrobalans at the conclu∣sion, rub'd with Oyl of Rhubarb, or Agarick, or Mechoa∣can, with their Correctors, and after straining, add Sugar to make an Apozem or Syrup, and it will be better.

Or add to the Decoction Syrup of Fumitory, Docks, Hops, Apples, Bugloss, Roses; or take a good quantity of the Juyces of them, and infuse therein Senna, Rhubarb, Agarick, or make a Syrup.

Or, Take Juyce of sweet Apples four ounces, Juyce of Roses three ounces, Juyce of Fumitory and Plopps, each two ounces; Juyce of Dock roots and Beets, each an ounce and an half; Juyce of Mercury, Borage, Bugloss, Sorrel, each an ounce; boyl them with as much Sugar and with Cinnamon make a syrup: You may if you please add Senna and Rhu∣barb.

A purging Wine for five doses. Take Dock roots, or Monks-Rhubarb two ounces, bark of the Roots of Tamarisk, or Ash and Danewort, each an ounce; Fumitory, budds of Hops, Mercury, Agrimony, Maidenhair, Wormwood, each two drams; Peach, and Cordial flowers, each a dram; Anise∣seeds two drams, Senna two ounces, Thyme, and Epithymum an ounce, Mechoacan, or Briony roots half an ounce, Ginger a dram, bruise them for five or six pints of Wine, and steep them therein, you may ad Sodanella and a little black Hel∣lebore, which is safest in Wine.

Or, Take eight measures of new Wine, add twelve ounces of Senna, Mechoacan, Sarsa, Sassaphras, each three ounces; Wormwood two handfuls.

Another Decoction for other Diseases, and the Scab to be taken thirty dayes, it prevents and cures. Take Gu∣aicum an ounce, Sarsa six drams, Roots of Succory and Liquo∣rish, each half an ounce; boyl and strain them, and for one dose infuse Senna half an ounce, Mechoacan a dram, Ginger half a dram, strain and add Syrup or Juyce of Roses half an ounce, Balm water an ounce: Give it at once.

An Infusion or Decoction of Hellebore is good as in o∣ther stubborn Diseases, made of the small Roots of Helle∣bore, that which is called black Astrintia, or that with a green or purple Flower, which are greater then the white Hellebore, though this may be used in strong Bodies, take off the Bark and cast away the Pith, which may be soft∣ned in Wine, if it will not come off. Take a dram or four scruples of this bark, two drams of Senna, infuse them in wine or Oxymel, if it be white Hellebore or Aniseseed water, add Cloves, Cinnamon, Ginger, boyl gently, and strain them, add the Decoction, or Raisons, and Prunes, or Syrup of Poly∣pody, or of Roses. Or you may make an Extract of black Hellebore by often Infusion, and give a little thereof.

A certain Emperick cured all Scabs and other stubborn Diseases, with the Decoction of Stibium calcined and Sar∣saparilla.

You may also use Potions and Electuaries, as of Tama∣rinds, Cassia, Manna, Lenitive, Diacassia, Diaprunis, Dia∣catholicon, or stronger with Scammony, as Diaprunis so∣lutive, Diasebesten, of Juyce of Roses, Diaphaenicon, Troches of Violets, or Electuary of Lapis Lazuli, Con∣fectio Hamech, Diasenna, Pills of Fumitory, Agrimony, Rhubarb, and Pills of Lapis Lazuli, or of the five Myro∣balans.

After Purging sweat to send out the sharp Humors in both moist and dry Itch, for though it dries the Body more, yet it takes away the cause. For Nature in Impe∣tigo and Psora tends that way, as we may observe.

Therefore use not only hot Houses often, but when the Itch is stubborn and returns, continue them a month, with Decoctions of Guaicum and Sarsa as in the Pox, but not with such slender Diet, least by drying the Body with∣in, you sharpen the Humors, alwayes Purging every third day, by which we have often cured them.

Use Alterers to amend the Constitution, and a sparing Diet, but not so as to exasperate the Humors. Let the Diet be of good Nourishment, temperate and moist rather then dry, and cold rather then hot. Take heed of salt, sharp, and spiced Meats, and Wine that inflames the Body too much. Let the Air be good, the sleep temperate, and let them exercise often to breath out the Excrements by in∣sensible Transpiration.

Medicines must be given to alter the sharpness of the hu∣mors that are cold and moist, to correct the Distemper of the Liver, and open Obstructions: As Conserves, Can∣dyes, Syrups, Waters of Bugloss, Violets, Roses, Succo∣ry, Water-lillies, Maidenhair, Citrons, Pouder of Trion∣santalon, and Diarrhodon: And others mentioned in hot and melancholy Diseases. Also give sharp Spaw-water for many dayes; or Troches of Vipers, with Conserves in Psora and Elephantiasis, and a dram of Gum Lac, with three ounces of the Decoction of Myrtles, is good to pre∣serve against Impetigo.

Many in Psora and other stubborn Scabs, use Chicken∣broath, and Vipers flesh boyled therein, and made into balls, with Crumbs of Bread, and gilded with Gold.

Let the topical Remedies be such as draw out the Hu∣mors fastned in the skin, and abate their sharpness, and dissolve them, and that purge the skin from matter, crust, scurfe and scalds; and heal it, and take away the Inflam∣mation. They must be drying, and cleansing, and hea∣ling, mixed with cold and sharp things, in both moist and dry Itch, to abate cholerick and sharp Humors, and Itch∣ing and Inflamation; as in the vulgar Itch, or that which is called Fera, or Cruel, or Terminthus, or Epinyctis. Also add Emollients to take away the Scabs in the wet Itch, and the scurfe and scalds in the dry. Thus scratching is delightful, till the skin be torn to let out the itching Hu∣mor, but it ends in tearing pain; and though it so hur∣teth, and is the first cause of the scab breaking out, yet be∣cause it allayeth the Itch, and brings out the Humors, it is not amiss, if it be with distinction of the parts, and not so much in some places as in others.

Baths are much used against the Itch, both natural and artificial, dry and moist; and if it be in a particular part, they must be used to that alone.

Among Natural Baths it is good to swim in fresh water, which allayes the Itch by its coldness, and mollisies the scurfe by its moistness, and by its earthy quality, which I shewed in the Causes of the Stone, to be in all Waters, it

dryeth. And the rather if the Water be muddy, or have any chalk-like substance in it when it is boyled. Such are in divers places, although they are sweet and seem pure and clear, and are good against other Diseases as well as the Itch. Hot Water doth all things better, if the Patient continue long in it, and go in often, for thereby the Hu∣mors are better drawn forth and purged; and by the use of it not only the small Itch but the stubborn Scab, hath been often cured.

Sulphur-waters or such as are salt or sharp, which by the bitumen swiming at the top, and by their scent declare they are from Minerals, are the best baths. That of Sul∣phur which is hot upon which Bitumen swims like grease, is best against all sorts of Scabs, because it dries, cleanseth, and digests, and mollifies by its fat, therefore it is good a∣gainst dry scabs as the last remedy. Salt Waters hot or cold are best for the moist scab, for they dry strongly. And all other Mineral Waters are good.

Or Artificial Baths, such as are called dry or hot Hou∣ses to sweat in, by which the humors that cause the scab sweat out with the serum, which takes away the scab by its moistness, and the heat dries up the Excoriation. These do it alone somtimes, but moist baths or other applicati∣ons when the Pores are opened, do better being joyned therewith.

You may make moist Baths to sit in, to cleanse, dry, mollifie and cause sweat of Herbs, Roots, and all, as of Docks, Scabious, Elicampane, five leaved Grass, Snake∣weed, Tormentil, Plantane, Fumitory, Moulin, Fern, Dwarf-elder, Mugwort, Dill, Oak leaves, Ivy, and Wil∣low tops: tops of Briony, Dragons, or Cookowpints, wild Cowcumbers, and to dry more, of Sorrel, Soapwort, Pel∣litory, Beets, Mallows, Borrage, Marsh-mallows, Lillies, Organ, Sage, Chamomil, and Rosemary flowers, Beans, Pease, Vetches, Lupins, Barley, Bran, Foenugreek, Gourd and Lineseed, and the like. Boyled in fresh Water, or Salt, or mineral Water, adding Lye, or Smiths Forge-wa∣ter, or Sulphur, Salt, Allum, Vitriol, Tartar burnt, Gyp∣sum, Bole, and the like.

Thus: Take Lapathium, and Briony roots a pound, Eli∣campane four ounces, Dragons, or Cookowpints two ounces, Sca∣bious, Plantane, Fumitory, Pellitory, Mallows six handfuls, Bean and Lentil meal four pugils, burnt Gypsum a pound, Sulphur half a pound, Salt four ounces, with Water to fill the Vessel, boyl it and add Lye.

In a dry Itch when by use of Oyntments the skin is dry. Take Mallows, Violets, Docks, Beets, roots and all, Pellitory, Scabious six handfuls, Line, Faenugreek, Bran, Pompion seeds an ounce or more, Chamomil flowers three pugils, Brimstone a pound, boyl them.

Another for the same. Take Sulphur two pounds, Salt a pound pouder them and mix them with two pints of Oyl, boyl them gently, put them into a hot Water for a hath, let him sit and sweat there, and after that sweat in his bed, do thus three dayes, and be cured.

It is good once or twice a day to rub and anoint before and after bathing, the Pores being open.

Rub the Body with Dock roots boyled in Vinegar, in both Itches; or bruise Dock roots, with Salt and Vine∣gar, and rub in the bath therewith, that he may be washt after this is a common remedy.

In Impetigo use Briony and Gentian roots, after the same manner, with Dragons and Cookowpints.

Or stamp these Plants, Roots and all, with Vinegar, Salt and Brimstone, as Elicampane, five leaved Grass, Snak∣weed, Tormentil, Alkanet, wild Cowcumbers, Daffodil, Coleworts, Bugloss, black Charlin, Crowfoots, black Hel∣lebore, Plantane, Scabious, Fumitory, Agrimony, Elm∣leaves, lesser Celandine, and against Itching, use Potamo∣getum and Mercury.

Add Meal of Lupins, Darnel, Pease, Barley, Juniper, and Bay-berries; or wild three leaved Grass, and Water∣cresses, with Honey according to Dioscorides. or Cori∣ander, Wormwood, Rue, Cowcumber leaves, and Leeks, Rhus, Coleworts and Plantane, with Bran, Raisons, Ho∣ney, against the Epinyctis.

Or an Apple called Adams-apple cut in two, sprinkled with sulphur within, and then roasted in brown Paper un∣der the Embers, is good to rub with, or an Orange.

Mustard-seed, Turnep, Rocket, Nigella, Staphisager, Briony, Tamarisk, with Vinegar and Oyl, or Glans un∣guentaria, with Urin or seeds of sunflower, are used by Dioscorides against Epinyctis.

You may rub the Plants mentioned, adding Grease, as with Dock or Gentian roots, bruised or boyled with bit∣ter Grease, Oyl of Bayes, and Ginger.

Or, Take Roots of Docks, Elicampane or the like, two oun∣ces, Dragons, or Cookowpints two drams, slice and boyl them in Vinegar, bruise and add Hogs grease, or Butter three oun∣ces, with Salt and Brimstone. If you add a little Quick-sil∣ver or Sublimate, it is excellent in Impetigo and Psora.

Or, Take Roots of black Chamaeleon two ounces and half, bruise them with fine Hogs grease, or Oyl three ounces, add Sulphur half an ounce, Allum two drams, Vitriol a dram.

Or boyl a pugil of Juniper-berries, and a spoonful of salt bruised in fine Hogs grease or Oyl, and strain them for an Oyntment.

Or use Juyces of Herbs mentioned, or of Mercury Xy∣ris, Agrimony, Southernwood, with salt, sulphur and Vi∣negar; or Juyce of Oranges, Lemmons, Citrons, Oyl omphacine and Acacia, or Juyce of Sowbread, Thapsia, Fig milk is used by Dioscorides. Juyce of Henbane takes away Itching.

Or Vinegar made of the Infusion of Oleander, Olive∣leaves.

Aloes dissolved in Vinegar is good against Impetigo.

Storax with Vinegar and Oyl of Roses, cures the scab.

Or Turpentine, or Gum Arabick, of Plum-tree, Al∣monds, Vines, with Vinegar and Oyl.

Dioscorides applies Bird-lime, with a pledget to the E∣pinyctis.

Or the Water that comes out of burnt Olive, or Cot∣nil-tree, or the Tears of Vines, when they are cut off, or pruned.

Or sheeps or Goats dung with Vinegar, cures the Epi∣nyctis according to Dioscorides.

Or the Gall of an Ox, or Blood of a Goose, takes a∣way itching.

Or fasting Spittle, the Herpes and Impetigo.

Or Oyl of Yolks of Eggs, or Wheat or Nightshade∣berries, or Oyl in which live Coals have been quenched. Dioscorides commends Oyl of Cedar, or wild Olives, and Ovl of Rocket, Tamarisk, Ash, Juniper, or Oyl of Hen∣bane seed, Populeon oyntment. Some use Petroleum in the Scab Terminthus, or Oyl of Tartar, with a little Oyl of Vitriol.

A Liniment usual against the Itch. Take fresh Butter, or Oyl of Roses four ounces, Turpentine dissolved with Yolks of Eggs two ounces or three, Salt six drams, mix them well, you may add Sulphur, or which stinks less, six drams of Ceruss, or an ounce of Juyce of Oranges or Lemmons.

Or, Take Oyl of Roses, Violets, Nuts, Lineseed, Lillies, Bayes four ounces, Juyce of Docks, Scabious, Plantane, Fu∣mitory, Oringes, Lemmons, with a little Vinegar four ounces, Turpentine three ounces, Salt six drams: Or boyl the Oyls and Juyces till the Juyces be consumed, and with Turpen∣tine and Wax make an Oyntment, but the first is better.

Or make an Oyntment of Sulphur and Litharge, Oyl and Juyces aforesaid; or with Juyces and Vinegar with∣out Oyls.

Or use the common Oyntment of Litharge or Ceruss, made of Oyl and Vinegar, or without Vinegar; or use Unguent of Roses, or white Oyntment, with Camphire, adding Litharge and Sulphur.

You may quickly make an Oyntment of Gun-pouder which consists of sulphur, Niter and Charcole, with Oyl or Grease: This is the soldiers Oyntment against the Itch.

Or: Take Litharge, Sulphtr, of each six drams; roots of Dragons or Cookowpints two drams: mix them with the for∣mer Oyntment, And half an ounce of Storax.

Or: Take Ceruss, Tutty or Pompholyx, or Cadmia, Li∣tharge, Bole or Chalk, each two drams; Sulphur three drams, Tartar a dram and an half, Gum Sandrack or Sarcocol or Mastick, each a dram; make a pouder with burnt Lead and Antimony and mix it with the oyntments mentio∣ned.

In a stubborn Itch, add Chalcitis or wine Lees burnt half an ounce, or a dram of Oyl of Tartar, a scruple of Oyl of Vi∣triol, or half an ounce of Quick-silver, dissolved with Tur∣pentine with is excellent, or as much Sublimate.

Oyntments for Rich and dainty people, are made of Unguentum Citrinum, which makes the skin fair, and it is best in the face: and Lac Virginis.

Or: Take Ceruss half an ounce, Borax two drams, Tar∣tar a dram and an half, Gersa Serpentaria a dram, Frankin∣cense, Niter, each half a dram; with juyce of Limons, make an oyntment.

For the worst Itch: Take Calcanthum, or Misie, or Chal∣eitis each half an ounce, scales of Brass two drams, or Verdigreese half a dram, Allum three drams, Sulphur an ounce, Aloes, Frankincense, Myrrh, each a dram and an half; Acacia a dram, with infusion of Gum Arabick in Vinegar. Galens adds Amurca or Lees of Oyl and Rosin.

In Tinea, which is the spreading scab or scald: Take Tartar, Niter and Allum, each half an ounce; Litharge an ounce, Sulphur vive six drams, both Hellebors three drams, Orpiment two drams, pouder them, and with Soap and juyce of Docks or Sowbread, make an Oyntment.

Or: Take Litharge an ounce, Allum, Niter or sal Gem, Tartar and Sulphur, each half an ounce; ashes of Nuts with the shels and Garlick burnt, each three drams; Soot whose blackness doth no hurt to the Hair, two drams, both Helle∣bores and Staphsagre, of each a dram; make a pouder, and with Honey, strong Vinegar, and three heads of Garlick and two drams of Ivy or juniper berries: make an Oynt∣ment.

Or with Oyl of Nuts, Juniper or Bayes, and if you boyl the Oyls with juyce of Garlick, Centaury, Docks, Oranges and Vinegar, to the consumption of the juyces, it will be stronger.

This Oyntment for a scald Head will be stronger, with half an ounce of Quick-silver, dissolved in Turpentine or with Cinnabar, or red Lead, or with red Chalcanthum, or Chalcitis, or yellow, which is called Misy, or three drams of Verdigreese, or a dram of Orpiment, or Sublimate, and if they be mixed with the Oyntment made of Honey and Vine∣gar without Oyl, it will be stronger, because unctious things abate the force.

Many scald Heads have been cured with this: Take the Oyntment that Carters grease their wheels with, called in Dutch Rarensalve, a pound, leaves of dryed savin an ounce and an half, Bay berries half an ounce, white Hellebore two drams, sulphur an ounce, Quick-silver half an ounce, dissolve it with Turpentine, and make an Oyntment.

Add the ashes of a Hedghog, or Hippocampus, or ashes of Juniper and Ash, pouder of Earth Cimolia, Adarces and Cardamom and Camphire, they abate the Itch∣ing.

To take away the stink of the Brimstone and the rest, add Storax liquid, or Oyl of Spike, or Juniper, or pouder of Orris.

Or let it be made with flower of Brimstone and besides Storax, add flower of Belzoin, which are sweet and clense and dry.

A Cataplasine for a scald Head: Take three ounces of Garlick, Rue, Savin, Ivy, Nettles; each a handful; rot∣ten Nuts five, Juniper berries an ounce and an half, Pi∣geons dung an ounce: boyl them in strong Vine∣gar.

Or mix meal of Faenugreek with Pumice stone and juyce of Garlick and milk of Figs.

I have known poor people cure the scald, with the fat Earth that lies about spaw waters, laid all over the Head.

Or use pouders aster you have anoynted the Head with Honey and Oyl aforesaid.

Dioscorides sprinkles on Niter and Frankincense.

Or: Take Pumex stone three drams, Borax two drams, Salt, Allum, Chalcitis burnt, of each a dram; Frankincense and Myrobalans each half a dram; Galls, Cypress, Nuts burnt a dram and an half: make a pouder.

You may take of the scab and the Oyntments with De∣coction of five-leaved-Grass, Docks, Scabious and Meal of Lupines.

Or with the Decoction of Hens Dung, sheeps or Goats dung, adding Docks, Plantane, Agrimony, Mallows, Bettony.

Or dissolve burnt Gypsum in Forge water, it cures all scabs, for besides drying it mollifies, and the Hands will not be rough when they are washt therewith, but soft as we see when work men use it, for making Plai∣ster.

Common Salt, or Allum, Niter, or Gem, or Armoni∣ack, dissolved in Vinegar allaies itching, or Tartar, or burnt Allum, you may if it be too strong add water of Myrtles, Roses, Docks, or the white of an Egg, and Oyls.

Or thus: Take burnt Gypsum a good quantity, Bole pou∣dered three ounces, Salt two ounces, Allum an ounce, vitriol a dram with vinegar and Wine, make them as a Lye, or boyl them, wash the mangie parts.

Lac Virginis made of Litharge and Vinegar and Salt or Allum water with juyce of Limons, Oyl of Tartar doth the same in the Face best.

For a Scald wash the Head with Lye or Forge water, wherein are boyled Mallows, Beets, Pellitory, Southern∣wood, Wormwood, Horehound, Centory, Bettany, Mai∣denhair, Savin, Bramble leaves, Pease, Vetches, Beans, Lentiles, Lupines, Faenugreek, Juniper and Ivy berries, Mustard seeds, Cypress Nuts and both Hellebors, adding Vinegar.

In a stubborn scab and Impetigo: Take Litharge of Gold half a pound, Allum an ounce, juyce of Plantane, Docks and Limons, of each an ounce; Vinegar a pint and an half: boyl and filter it off, it is stronger with three drams of Quick-silver, or half an ounce of Chalcitis.

Or boyl Litharge, sublimate, Ceruss, Vitriol, equal parts; in Plantane, Dock or spring water.

Or dissolve sublimate in Aqua fortis and mix a spoon∣ful thereof with Rose or plantane water, try the strength first upon some part and then use it.

Or use the distil'd water of Docks mentioned in the Tetter.

Or: Take juyce of Docks four ounces, of Plantane two ounces, of Limons an ounce, Rose water an ounce and an half, pouder of Sulphur and Salt, each an ounce; Litharge half an ounce, Ceruss two drams, Sublimate a dram.

Or: Take Dock roots three ounces, Bryonie, Elicampane, Gentian roott, each an ounce; Sulphur an ounce and an half, Quick-silver half an ounce, Vinegar eight ounces,, distil a water.

A Lixivium cures the scab, if it be used in time of ba∣thing with soap, this is best in the scald, to get the scabs from the Hair and other filth. It is best made of vine and colewort ashes and of Bean stalk, juniper ash with unslea∣ked Lime, adding Forge water, Urin, vinegar or pickle, salt, Allum, sulphur, Calcanthum.

Or wash with stale Urin, that hath stood long in a brass pot or that which is red and is made by a cholerick person.

Some commend that Water found in the cavities of Oaks.

Or use Medicines mentioned in the Elephantiasis.

Or use a Dropax, that is a plaster of pitch laid on, and forceably drawn off, to pluck out the Hair by the

roots which hinder the cure of a scald Head this is the last Remedy: make it of Pitch, Rosin and oyl dissolved, one Plaster over the whol Head is better than many.

Excoriation, Clefts, Wounds, and Ulcers are cured alike, * 1.553 when the skin, flesh, and o∣ther parts divided grow again together: this is Natures only work, and the Physitian doth only remove the impediments by actual or potential means: and because Driers are chiefly used they say all Ulcers are cured thereby; but they vary accor∣ding to the sorts of Ulcers, as we shal shew, first we shall speak of the cure of superficial abrasions, and Fissures, or Clefts, then of Burnings, then of deeper Wounds and Ul∣cers.

Abrasions called Intertrigines or Galls by Riding, * 1.554 long lying, Piss∣ing in Infants and Pose or Coryza in the Nose, or from Phlyctenae, or Bladders broken, also Fissures or Clefts, or Chinks, or chaps called Rhagades in the Hands, Feet, Lips, Fundament, Paps, Privities, Prepuce of Men, Eye-brows, Nostrils, Ears, come from Heat or Cold, or Driness, or salt and sharp Humors, as Perniones or Kibs and Chilblanes use to be in the Heels in time of great Cold. they are cu∣red alike, and when Kibes turn to Ulcers, they are cured as Ulcers.

First take away that which caused them, or hinders the Cure of them, as by removing outward Causes, and clen∣sing inward, as salt and sharp Humors, and preventing their Increase, as we shewed in the Scab, if the cause can∣not be wel taken away let it be abated, if it come by rid∣ing, mend the Saddle, if by long lying, lay soft things un∣der, and if Children be gall'd by Urine, defend the part.

As for the rest of the Cure, although Nature by Nou∣rishment wil make new skin, and glew up Clefts or Chaps, yet because the torn skin grows rough round about where it presently drieth, especially where it is thicker then ordi∣nary, and moysture falls thereon, which hinders action, you must apply Topicks to mollify the hard and dry Cir∣cumference, and things that dry gently without biting, and moisten and so dry as it is rough or wet more or lesse, Thus.

All Suets lenifie and heat, the chief are Dears, Kids and Goats. You must anoynt a Clout and apply it.

Candle droppings are good against galling by riding, and they are better when they are dropt into Water, or white Wine, this oyntment is called Candle-droppatum, it is easie to be had for Travellers.

When you wil Lenifie more, use Goose, Duck, Hens Grease, or Oesypus which is Grease of Wool, or use Bears Grease, against Kibes or Chilblanes.

Or oyl of Roses, Myrtles, Quinces, bitter Almonds, or yolks of Eggs, for chapt Lips or Nipples, or oyl of a burnt Nutshel, or of Wheat, the oyl of a roasted Turnep cures the Chilblanes.

Or the oyl of Sowbread or Daffadil roots made hollow, and then roasted, or oyl of Nettle seeds, or of Nettles, boyled in oyl with Salt.

Or Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth in Rose-water, or of Quince seeds, or the white of an Egge, Glew, or Size, made of Leather shreds boyled, cures the Chaps of the Nipples and the Grease thereof also.

The Valesians use the Gum, that comes from the Bark of the Larch tree called Drambech in Dutch, or Turpen∣tine.

Pomatum made of Kids Suet is Good for all Chaps, and it is sweet for the Lipps and Nipples.

You may of those sewets, and oyls, and white Wax, make an oyntment with Mucilage, and a little Turpen∣tine.

Or make oyntment of hard yolks of Eggs, with Goats sewet, oyl of Roses, and Grease that is sweet.

Or for the Chaps of the Lips, use Honey, or Syrup of Roses, or Sugar pellets, or Sugar of Roses, or Diatraga∣canth frigid made into a Liniment.

To dry more use juyce of Plantane and Turpentine, with the oyls mentioned wel mixed together.

Or with Starch and Infusion of Gum Tragacanth, with other driers.

or juice of sweet Pomegranates, with Starch, and But∣ter; when there are Chaps in the nostrils, from Coryza or Pose, or Use the Emulsion, of the four great cold seeds.

Or Use the iuices of Comfrey, Cotyledon, Elder, Rue, made as the rest into an oynument; or juyce of Goose-Grass, against the Chaps of the Nipples, or Acacia against Kibes or Chilblanes.

Or Juyce of Briony with Salt, is good against Clefts.

Or leaves of Beech, or Briony, applyed to chapt Lips cures them.

Or a roasted Leek, or Onion, with honey and oyl, or a Squil or Sea onyon, with oyl or Rosin, against Chil∣blanes.

Or add Starch to the Mucilages, or to oyntments, of Sewet, or of Yolks of Eggs.

Or Pouder of Galls, or Turpentine, and Honey.

In Chaps and Kibes, add Ashes of Bran, Squils, Figgs Asses Hoof, Horse-tayl, Cray fish, to Honey of Roses, suets, or oyls.

Or burnt Shoe soals, or Paper with suet, or Tallow, is good, or to be added to Candle droppatum, for Galls by Riding, being at hand.

Mastich, Frankincense or Pitch poudered and mixed with oyl of Roses or Grease and Wax make a good oynt∣ment.

Or thus. Take Sorrel, Sarcocol, Mastich, each a dram; Gum parched half an ounce: pouder them, and with Oyntment of yolks of Eggs mentioned two ounces, or with that of Mucilages for chapt Lips make an Oyntment.

Sulphur and oyl mixed cure the Chaps of the Hands, or if you tie Sulphur in a Clout, or the flour of it, and boyl it in common oyl, or oyl of St. Johns wort or Mou∣lin.

Or Litharge with the white of an Egg, or Mucilage, or oyl, or Grease stirred long in a Leaden Mortar, cures the Excoriations by Piss and other chaps.

Or mixed with the oyntments made of Juyce of Plan∣tane: also Ceruss, Tutty, Starch, and oyl of Yolks of Eggs.

Or thus. Take Litharge, Myrrh, Frankincense, each •• dram; Galls or round Birthwort half a dram, Camphire a scruple, Oyntment of Suet two ounces.

Or use the usual oyntment of Litharge, Ceruss, Pom∣pholyx, with Allum or Unguentum Citrinum.

When the chaps are stubborn, use stronger Driers. Take Litharge, Ceruss, each a dram; Allum, red Lead, each half a dram; Sublimate four grains, with white of an Egg make a Liniment.

A Water for the same. Take Tartar three drams, Allum half a dram, Sublimate four grains, ••eruss, Litharge, each a dram; Frankincense, Mastich, each half a dram; Pomegra∣nate flowers two scruples: boyl them, mix them in twelve ounces of Rose, Plantane, Limon, or Mouse-ear water till a third part be consumed, wash therewith.

Or wash before anoynting with Decoction of Lillies, Mallows, Henbane, Poppy, Violets, Purslane, Groundsil, Housleek, Chamaemel, Melilot flowers, meal of Foenugreek and Line seed with Sheeps suet, let it be of Milk or Water.

It is good to wash chapt hands in their own Urin.

For Kibes and Chilblains foment with a Decoction in Wine and Water of sharp Herbs, as Dragons, Sowbread, Crowfoot; or Clensers, as Turneps, Beets, Orrobus seed: or Astringents, as Myrtle, Verbascum the less, Arction and Pomegranate peels. Also Allum water is good against Kibes and Chilblains.

Or: Take Melilot a handful, red Roses a pugil, pulp of Quinces two ounces: boyl and stamp them, add meal of Len∣tils

an ounce, Pomegranates peels half an ounce; with Oyl of Roses, Frankincense and Ashes, make a Cataplasm.

I have seen the thick lips in a kib'd Heel stitched toge∣her, that it may heal the better.

You may cure chaps in the Hands and Feet with ordi∣nary Glew spread upon a Clout.

You may use against Burning, things against Blisters and Excoriations from them, being broken.

Burning, whether it be from any thing red hot, or from flame, or from Gun-powder (for a Bullet cannot so quick∣ly grow hot as to burn as some suppose) or from scalding water and the like, or from potential Causticks or Nettles the narrower and shallower it is, the sooner and easier it is cured; if otherwise, it is difficult, and leaves an ugly scar, and I have seen Gun-powder stick in the skin after the Cure. That Burning that is in or about noble parts or the Face, or which is very large from falling into the Fire is dangerous and often deadly.

If the skin be burnt by a Cautery, we labor to keep it open, by cutting the Blyster and taking off the Eschar, and use nothing but things mentioned in Flegmon against pain and Inflammation, and they may be used against o∣ther Burnings with Blood letting.

As for the place burned that is hurt and pained, first we take out the Fire, which is thought to be done by hot things, and therefore the Vulgar hold the part to the Fire, but they are most agreeable which have moderate heat and are therefore called Anodynes, and dry without Biting, and digest without great heat, and which hinder the Bli∣sters from breaking. this done at the first, we must use stronger Driers, and such as heal Excoriation and Ulcera∣tion. such as are against the skin flead off, and mentioned in the Itch. But if it turn to a deep Ulcer by suppurati∣on, it must be cured as an Ulcer. and if the Weapon or Instrument made a Wound also you must first use things against Burning. and then cure the Ulcer. against Burn∣ing use these.

Plants bruised or boyled in Water, Wine-vinegar, or Oyl, or Hogs Grease are good, as Leeks, Onions, Daffa∣dil, Hemerocallis, Lillies, Danewort roots, Hemp, Alka∣net, Thorn roots, or leaves of St. Johns wort, Androsae∣mus, Pellitory, Althaea, Mallows, Ivy, wild Verbascum, Mulberry, Myrtles, Poppies, Hounds-tongue, wild Rue, Sesamus flowers, of Spear-grass, Ivy, Cistus, Typha, or apply Beets roots and all.

Or anoynt with the Juyces especially of leaves and Ber∣ries of Ivy, Onyons, Turneps, Nightshade, wild Lettice which hath a milky juyce according to Dioscorides. with Allum or yolks of Eggs, Mucilage or Gum Traganth or Cream.

Or: Take the juyces mentioned three ounces, Oyl of Roses, fresh Butter, Hogs grease, each an ounce; slaked Lime half an ounce, mucilage of Quinces an ounce: with Turpentine make an Oyntment. or boyl away the Juyces and put Wax to it.

The Vulgar apply Elder leaves, but the middle rind is better.

Or: Take the middle rind of Elder an ounce and an half, the juyce of Elder buds an ounce, Lineseed Oyl two ounces, Oyl of Roses and Hogs grease, each an ounce; Wax an ounce and an half, Frankincense an ounce,: boyl them in Water a little and when it is cold, take of the Oyl at the top. Mathiolus useth liquid Varnish: but we Line seed Oyl.

Or apply the root of Fennel stampt with Cream, but first take off the black skin or coat.

Or the middle bark of the Tile tree, which in Rose wa∣ter makes a Mucilage which is excellent in Burnings.

Or use Oyls by Infusion of the fruits of Momordica or Nightshade, Apples, or of red Poppy leaves. or by De∣coction the Oyl in the hollow roots of Daffodil, or Ivy boyled in Oyl and Wine til the Wine be consumed. also Oyl of Elder, Quinces. or by expression, as Oyl of Gourd seeds of Nuts or yolks of Egs.

Or Oyl of Whelps and Worms which is approved a∣gainst Gun-shot fire.

Or Hogs Grease wel clensed and dropt into Water, with the application of a hot Iron. others stick Straws into Ba∣con and set them on fire to make it drop: but it is better to wrap them in a double paper that is larger and set on fire, and so let it drop into water, thus they season roast meat instead of Larding it. Bacon alone so prepared cu∣reth Burnings, and easeth pain with Cream or Yolks of Eggs.

Against Gun-powder fire, use Butter or Hogs Grease dropt into Frog-spawn water, or of Cray-fish, or Earth∣worms boyled.

When there is an Ulcer, use pouders, or otherwise a∣nointing first the part that they may stick, with Oyl, Mu∣cilage or Milk. as Ashes of Gourds, Coleworts, Barley, Shoe soals, shels of Frogs, or as Dioscorides, pouder of Ci∣nabar and Cimolian Earth.

The Vulgar wet the part and apply meal to take out the fire.

To abate pain use whites of Eggs and Oyl of Roses with Lint. or with white Wax make an Oyntment, adding mu∣cilage of Quinces and Hogs Grease or Barley meal, and in an Ulcer Bole and Frankincense.

Or: Take Leeks or Onions roasted, stamp them with yolks of Eggs or Elder Deers or Goats Suet and Turpentine: make a Plaster.

Or use the Oyntment of Quick Lime, steep Lime in wa∣ter til it dissolve, pour off the water and add fresh, seven, ten, or twelve times: keep the Lime in the bottom dry, or use it presently.

This washt Lime with Oyls of Roses, or fresh Butter and white Wax makes an Oyntment. or with whites of Eggs, mucilage of Quinces or Fleabane, Ceruss with Milk and a little Camphire. or Citrine oyntment, Pomatum or Populeum, for the Face.

Or mix this washt Lime with Hogs Grease, with Oyl or Lineseed and Barley meal for a Linunent.

Oyl of St. Johns wort with washt Lime is excellent e∣specially in Gun-shot.

Or it is good to mix the water of washt Lime with Oyl of Roses; and apply it.

Or use this Lime water against Gun-powder fire. Take Flints burnt to Lime, pour Water upon them in a wooden Vessel, and there wil be Fat swimming at the top. use this upper Water with Oyl of Roses and a Clout hot.

Some use Sope against Burnings.

Dioscorides saith that Glew dissolved in hot Water hin∣ders Blysters.

You may make Oyntments of the Ashes, Pouders, Oyls, Hogs Grease, whites of Egs, and Mucilages aforesaid. ad∣ding seeds of wild Rue, St. Johns wort, Acacia, fine pou∣der of Glass, Phrygian Stone according to Dioscorides, who applieth also Stimmi with fresh Grease.

Or Ashes of Myrtles and yolks of Egs, as also Salt peter and Oyl of Roses, hinder Blysters from rising.

Or Ceruss and oyl of Roses washt with Rose water, the white of an Eg and Camphire. or the white oyntment of Rhasis, or of Ceruss.

Or Sheeps Dung, Hen or Pigeon Dung, with Oyl of Roses or Line seed. the Vulgar take out Fire with Cow dung.

Dioscorides saith that Salt and Oyl prevent Pustles. o∣thers uss Niter and Oyl of Egs.

Dioscorides useth Milk and Water.

Or Foment with Coleworts or Cabbage Broath, or with that of Turneps. or use the distilled Water, lay Cole∣wort leaves on to hinder the Inflammation and discuss.

Or use the Decoction of Ivy, Privet, Plantane, Henbane seeds to cure Itching.

Or distilled Water of Flowers of Verbascum, Plantane and Henbane seed to hinder Pustles from rising with red Sanders and Camphire.

Aqua vitae is good against Bruises, and also Burn∣ings.

And cold Water hinders Blysters from rising.

And so doth Juyce of Fennel and white Wine.

You must not forcibly pul off an Eschar from a Burning, for the pain and bleeding wil increase and the hurt wil be larger: but with Lenifiers and Ripners applied, let it fall off of it self. we can scarce get it off in eight daies, and then we take it off with Forceps with little cutting.

Butter spread upon a Colewort or Mallow leaf makes the Eschar fall off.

Or the yolk of an Egg, and Butter or Oyl of Roses, or Hogs or Hens Grease. you may add Althaea roots, or Colewort leaves stamped, or other Emollients.

Or: Take Colewort leaves, and Althaea roots and other Emollients crude or boyled.

Also Triapharmacum Galeni, and Tetrapharmacum are good to make an Eschar fall off.

A Wound is larg, or narrow, or both, * 1.555 or venemous, of these kinds we shal shew divers Cures. We shal speak hereafter of a Wound compounded with a Phlegmon, which may happen to an Ulcer: First then of the large Wound, whither by a Cutt, or Prick called a Puncture, or by Gun-shot, or the like or by Con∣tusion, we shal speak together.

Among which, that which is broad and dividing the part perforating, and laming, the more superficial and aequal it is, and hath less hurt the part, the sooner it is cured. that which is otherwise is more difficult, especially a Contusion, for in that the flesh bruised, and Blood flowing thither presently suppurateth and ulcerateth. and a wound in the Membrane, and Nerves, about the Joynts, and when the Nerves, or Great Veins, or Arteries are divided, these are dangerous by reason of Bleeding, Resolving, or Contraction. They are commonly deadly with pain, through the Scull, and to the Brain, and Membranes, or through the Breast or Belly, to the Bowells, yet we have cured Wounds in the Lungs, and Guts, and Bladder, and Womb, leaving it open below, for Dung and Urine to pass out, and some say they have cured Wounds in the Brain, and other noble parts.

For the Cure; Let the Diet be such, as may keep the Body clean, the Belly be kept open, and a Vein opened if need require, and the Strength preserved, and the acci∣dents removed, as Bleeding, in large Wounds, and loss of Parts, or Inflammation from Gunshot, or Bruise, or great pain. this is don by Blood letting, and other Revulsions, and things mentioned in Wounds with Inflammations, and by binding Plasters, and Blood stanchers. And in respect of a wound, if there be any thing within that hurts it, it must be removed first of all, and then if the lips of the Wound be farr distant, they must be united, and lastly you must labour to make them grow together, Thus;

If any part or peice of a Sword, or other Instrument, or Bullet, which often falls deep▪ or peice of Glass or Splin∣ter, it must be taken out with Forceps with Teeth, or a Cranes bill, and if you cannot lay hold of it as being a Bullet, open the wound to come at it, so you must also do by broken Bones that are loose. And if any part be so cut away that it cannot be united to grow together, it must be cut off, afterwards if the wound be in a hairy part, it must be shaved off, that it fall not into the wound, and all dust or Filth must be wiped or washed away with a clean Sponge dipt in red Wine, which will repell and glutinate, you may for a shift use hot water.

When parts cannot grow together, we joyn them toge∣thet, nor in smal wounds, when the Lips are not farr as∣under, and when the Skin grows to the parts beneath, though it be cut; Therefore in Head wounds there needs no stitching, nor in longe Cutts, as when a Stone is ta∣ken out of the Bladder: In other parts the remote lipps of the Skin that is divided, also the Muscles and Tendons, and whatsoever is at distance, must be joyned together, and so kept some dayes: This is the first business for a Chyturgeon, in dressing of Wounds.

Sometimes by Ligatures alone, sometimes by Plasters also, we joyn and keep the lips of wounds together by a Rowler made of old soft Linnen, not so streight as to cause Pain and Imflammation, which sometimes Gan∣greens, nor so loose, that the Lips may not exactly meet together, according to the Longitude, and Latitude of the Wound. The Chyrurgeons make a threesold Liga∣ture, the first is called retentive, which is made in those parts, where we must not bind hard, as in the Neck and Breast, or in Wounds that are so full of pain, that they cannot abide it. This is done by a single Rowler, which is laid at the end upon the Wound, and sewed on the otherside. Another Ligature is called glutinating, or incarnative, with a double rowler beginning at the part against the Wound about the middle. where it must be be streighter, and sowing it, rather then tying a knot. The third Ligature, is called expulsive, this belongs to hollow Ulcers, and shal be mentioned in them.

The Lipps may be joyned together for a time, with little Buckles or Hooks, but they sall of too easily, and therefore cannot be sufficient for the glutinating of the Wound, which requires some time.

When Wounds are long, and their lipps farr divided, they must be joyned, for otherwise it cannot grow well together, without an ugly Scarr and Desormity, and if then the Tendons can be stitched together, the motion wil be less hindered. And if the great Veins can be stitched, there will be less danger of Bleeding, and want of Nou∣rishment to the part, this is done in the skin as other stitches, by drawing a needle through both Lipps of the Wound, and drawing a Thred through, and tying it, in distant stitches and knots: The Silk must be slender, but strong and even without knots, and the Needle sharp, long, and three square, with a stitching quil, but when Veins and Arteries are stitched, or the Guts, or other in∣ternal membranous parts: then you must make the Glo∣vers stitch, bringing the silk often about the lipps of the Wound.

Sometimes we joyn the lipps of wounds with Needles, by passing them through and fastning them about.

You may cure wounds also by Conglutination, and the Scarr will be less then by stitches, this is for the face. and there are two sorts of Conglutination, the one is by two Plasters on both sides of the wound, stitching them together when they stick fast, they are made of Glew, Gum Tragacanth, whites of Eggs, and Chalk or Pitch.

The other is by joyning the lipps together, and laying upon it a sticking Plaister, that wil not fall of till they grow together. they are made of Blood-stanchers, and Glutinaters, and you may stitch the skin withall, at the first while it bleeds, These plasters are made of fine pou∣ders, whites of Egges, and Gum Traganth or arabick, or Izinglass dissolved in Wine, adding the Furr of a Hare cut smal, or the downe of a Willow or Reed flowers, or of Grunsel, or dried Mushrooms, or Spiders webs, apply them with Linnen and a Boulster.

The Pouder of which this Plaster is made, is of Bole three parts, Frankinsence or Sarcocol, or Varnish, one part, with half a part of Dragons blood, and Hares, as I shewed.

Or of Quicklime, and sine Flower with the rest.

Or of Lime alone, and the white of an Egge, and Mast∣ick, to keep it from burning, or of ••arpenters Glew, o∣ver all the wound, or a plaster of Pitch.

Other Plasters that are more proper for Ulcers, shal be mentioned there.

Though nature attempts the Consolidation of Wounds by bringing nourishment to the part, and glutinating smal Wounds her selse, yet because though there be no Ulcer, there is in many a continual Moisture, which hinders Glu∣tination, we must use things to suck it up and help Nature by removing her obstacles (which a Dog doth only by licking) and applying glutinating Medicines. These be∣sides their drying qualities, mult astriuge and make the

lipps of the Wound grow together by sticking, they are for this called Glutinaters though other wayes they can∣not do it. And the demonstration that Comfrey boyled in a pot with peices of flesh gleweth them together, cannot prove it to be otherwise.

These also stop bleeding, so that we need no other ex∣cept the wound be in great vessels. by the use of these glutinaters, flesh and skin also will grow in Wounds, so that nothing will seem to be lost, except they ulcerate, nor need we use any other Medicines to breed flesh, or make a Scarr, as in hollow Ulers. Moreover those Medi∣cines cause a Glutination of the Callus, which Nature makes a nutriment of Bones, when any thing is lost by Wounds or Contusions. These Glutinaters are outwardly and inwardly applied in smal great and deep Ulcers, in these formes.

Some are Plasters such as we mentioned to hold the lips together, or of Pouders following with whites of Eggs and Hares Furr and Downs, at the first.

As: Take Frankincense, Myrrh, each equal parts, Aloes twice or thrice as much, with Sarcocol.

Or thus: Take burnt Bones washt with Rose water, to two ounces add Pomegranate peels and Hors-tail pouder, each two drams; Allum and burnt Vitriol, each a dram: make a Pouder.

Or: Take Galls, roots of Birthwort, Comfry, Pine barks, or roots of five-leav'd Grass, each two ounces; Sideritis, Goose-grass, Sumach, Myrtle berries or Grape stones, each two drams; burnt Spunge or wool a dram, make a Pouder for an Emplaster. you may add pouder of stones of Myro∣balans, red Kermes, Molochit is stone or Milstone.

Or: Take Colophony, Mummy, Dragons blood, each half an ounce; Ceruss, Litharge or Tutty, each two drams; Lead two drams, Blatta byzantinc, Moloch stone or Galactites, each a dram; fine flower an ounce, with white of an Eg make a Plaster.

In moist Wounds, use Emplasters of Mastich, Mummy, Aloes, and some of the aforesaid with Turpentine.

Or this usual. Take Birthwort roots half an ounce, San∣guis Draconis an ounce, Gum Elemy two ounces, Rosin three ounces, with Turpentine make a Plaster.

Or: Take Bitumen, Colophony, Frankincense, each an ounce; red Lead, Sulphur, Ceruss, each half an ounce; burnt Allum two drams, Coral a dram, Barley flour an ounce, with Gum Traganth or Izing-glass in water of Hors-tail, or Plan∣tane and a little Vinegar: make a Plaster.

Also Oyntments: As, Take Mastich, Sarcocol, Frankin∣cense, Aloes, each two drams; Saffron a dram, Turpentine six ounces, Rosin two ounces, Wax three ounces.

Or use Ʋngentum Aureum made of Frankincense, Ma∣stich, Colophony, Turpentine, Saffron, Oyl and Wax.

Or: Take Bole an ounce, Sanguis Draconis, Comfrey roots, each half an ounce; Mastich, Frankincense, Gum Arabick, each two drams; Mummy three drams, with Oyl of Roses and Rosin make a Plaster.

Or: Take Aloes, Sarcocol, Sagapen, Ammoniack, Gal∣banum, Bdellium, Mastich, Frankincense, Pitch, Bole, San∣guie Draconis equal parts; with Turpentine and Oyl & Blood of a red haird man, boyl them to an Oyntment.

This is a great Drier. Take Turpentine and Wax, each half a pound; Oyl of Juniper and Bayes, each an ounce; Oyl of yolks of Egs an ounce, Frankincense two ounces, Mastich an ounce, Lead stone and Calaminaris, each half an ounce; Vi∣triol and Allum, each six drams, Ceruss and Litharge, each half an ounce: with Rosin make a Plaster or Oyntment.

Oppodaldoch. Take Litharge a pound, Cadmia three ounces, Colophony four ounces, Wax a pound, Oyl a pint and an half, boyl them, and add Ammoniack, Galbanum, Edellium, Sagapen, Opopanax dissolved in Vinegar an ounce and half, Oyl of Bayes and St Johns wort, or Worms, an ounce, Tupentine half a pound: boyl and stir them, when they are taken off from the Fire, add Mastich, Frankincense, Myrrh, Mummmy and Asphaltum each an ounce; with Oyls, Cro∣cue Martis and flour of Antimony, each half an ounce; Am∣ber and Lead stone to draw out things fixed an ounce, make a Plaster.

Or: Take both Comfreys roots and all, five-leav'd Grass, Plantane, Shepherds purse, Mous-ear, Burnet, Yarrow, Ver∣vain, Dogs-tongue, Bettony, in all six handfuls; Earth-worms thirty: cut and bruise them, add red Wine a pint, Aqua vitae an ounce: boyl them to the consumption of the Wine, strain and add Gum Elemi, Frankincense, Mastich, Sarcocol, each an ounce and an half; Izing-Glass, Sanguis Draconis, each an ounce; Myrrh half an ounce, Turpentine two ounces, with Pitch and Wax make a Plaster.

Or thus: Take Birthwort roots, Comfrey, five-leav'd Grass three ounces, Hors-tail, Cypress Nuts, Myrtle berries, Galls, Pomegranate flowers, red Roses, St Johns wort flowers each two ounces, Gum Elemi, Sarcocol, Pine, Galbanum, Am∣moniack, Mummy, Opopanax each three ounces, Colophony, Sanguis Draconis, dried Goats blood, each an ounce; Oylof Roses omphacine, Olive or Myrtles, Grease of a Badger each an ounce, with Rosin, Pitch, and Wax, make a Plaster.

Oyntment of Tobacco. Take green Tobacco Leaves eight ounces, Plantane four ounces, fresh Butter six ounces: In∣suse herbs bruised, in red Wine all night, in the morning boyl them with Butter at a gentle Fire till the Wine and Juyces be consumed, add pouder of Gentian half an ounce, with Wax make a Saffron colored Oyntment.

Another good in Nervous parts: Take Comfrey roots two ounces,, Birthwort roots an ounce, Sulphur-wort roots half an ounce, Plantane, Bugloss, Vervain, Burnet, Yarrow, Dogs∣tongue, Anagall is with the red flower, Agrimony Hors-tail, each a handful; cut, and bruise, and boyl them in Sack till it be thick, stamp them and heat them again, adding Wax, Rosin, Pitch a pound, stir them til they dissolve, boyl them, and when they are off the Fire, add Mastich an ounce and an half, Galbanum dissolved in vinegar an ounce, Turpentine a pound: stir them til they be like a Plaster.

The Plaster made of Worms. Take six handful of the herbs mentioned roots and all, Earth-worms half a pound, boyl them in Wine and Oyl, strain them, and add Gum Ammo∣niacum, Galbanum, Opopanax, each an ounce and an half; Pitch and Asphaltum, each two ounces; Turpentine half an ounce, Stags Suet eight ounces, boyl them again to an Em∣plaster add Mastich and Frankincense each half an ounce.

Against the Tendons cut. Take roots of Daffodil an ounce, roots of Calamus half an ounce, Costus two drams, flow∣ers of Chamoemel, Roses, Lavendar, Stoechas, St. Johns wort, Sage, each a pugil; Earth-worms, thirty, boyl them in Wine and Oyl, adding Oyl of Indian Nuts, strain them, and add Labdanum an ounce, red Storax and Calamita, each an ounce: with Wax make an Oyntment.

Pouder of Earthworms and Honey is good in wounded Nerves.

And pouder of burnt Bones, especially of Men, with pouder of burnt Lead is good also to be sprinkled on, or with Honey.

Or Snayls stampt with Frankincense and Myrrh.

These following are good in wounds of the Head.

Emplaster of Bettony, or Cerot of Nicolas made of Bet∣tony, Mastich, Frankincense, Mummy, Rosin, Turpentine, Wax.

Or the same composition, except Mummy, with Bur∣net, Agrimony, Sage, Pennyroyal, Yarrow, Comfrey, Gallitricum, Orris roots, Birthwort, Gum Elemi, Oyl of Fir tree and Vine.

Or an Emplaster of the juyce of Bettony, Wax, Rosin and Turpentine.

Or de Janua Mesues made of Juyce of Bettony, Plan∣tane, Smallage, Rosin, Turpentine, Pitch, Wax.

Or Gratia Dei, or Cerot of Nicolas called Divine good for all wounds, made of Bettony, Vervain, Burnet, Ma∣stich and Wax.

Or that of Peter de Argelata, that besides the last hath Comfrey, Centaury, St. Johns wort, Hedg-hysop, Oliba∣num, Myrrh, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Birthwort.

Or Catagmaticum of Andromachus by Galen is good a∣gainst broken Bone in the Head, or the Emplaster of Squils by Crito.

They know if the Skull be broken, by laying a Plaster of Frankincense, Labdanum and Wax, after the Head is shaven upon the Contusion, if it be dried in any part, there is the fracture.

These are the usual Plasters for wounds in the Nerves.

Nervinum of Vigo made of roots of Madder, Bettony, Rosemary, Hors-tail, Centaury leaves and seeds, of St. Johns wort, Earth-worms, Litharge, red Lead, Mastich, Gum Elemi, Sagapenum, Galbanum, Amoniacum, Pitch, Rosin, Turpentine, Calves Suet, and Goats; Oyl of Chamaemel, Roses, Mastich, Turpentine, Linseed, Vinegar and Wine.

Galen mentions also Aegyptiacum of Andromachus and that of Philogonus.

And the green Plaster of Dinus, and that of Machaeron. And Avicens Plaster of Flax, and that of Minium by Vigo and Massa.

If the Bones be hurt any waies, Oxycroceum is good, as that of Nicolas made of Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastich, Colophony, Rosin, Pitch, Wax, Vinegar, Saffron.

Or the Oxycroceum of Leyden that hath besides the former, Litharge, Bole, Allum, Storax, red and li∣quid.

Vigoes Oxycroceum is made of Litharge, Minium, Bole, sealed Earth, Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastich, Rosin, Suet, astringent Oyls and Juyces, Ash, Myrtle, Com∣srey.

Or the Sparadrap of the Chirurgeons for hurt Bones, which is Linnen dipt in Oyl and Wax, Ceruss and Lab∣danum, Litharge and Myrrh, Allum and Camphire, or Sanguis Draconis, Mummy, Minium, Mastich.

Or Natural Balsom, or that which is like it, which is of excellent virtue to heal wounds.

Or Artificial Oyls with Lint or Tents to keep the wounds open called Balsoms by the Chirurgeons.

Oyl of Nut, being greasie wil rather hurt than heal used alone: except it be old, and mixed with Wine and Salt Also Oyl of yolks of Egs is good, or Oyl of Myrrh and Rosins which are good alone.

In great wounds, use Oyls with these drying Glutina∣ters, as Oyl of St. Johns wort, Adders tongue, Moulin, Sanicle, Lemmons, Pauls Bettony, Pyrola, wild Sage, Fruit of Monordia, Olive, Lineseed, Roses omphacine, Myrtles, Mastich boyled and mixed with Turpentine and Wax.

Or make this Balsom of Pouders of Herbs. Take Com∣frey roots, bark of the root of Elm, each three ounces; tops of St. Johns wort and Centaury the less with the flowers, each two handfuls; Self-heal, Bettony, Yarrow, each a handful; red Roses a pugil, Earth-worms ten, Sack four ounces, Tur∣pentine two ounces: let them Infuse hot, or boyl and strain out the Oyl, or still out a Liquor.

Or add Hors-tail, Celondine, leaves of Arbutum and Elm flowers, of Chamaemel and Verbascum, and in Head∣wounds Sage, Rosemary a handful, Nutmeg half an ounce: with more Wine and Turpentine and Oyl: boyl or distill them.

Or: Take flowers of St. Johns wort in Oyl and Wine: put them in the Sun, then in a Horse Dunghill fourteen daies, add Turpentine, Myrrh, Mastich: let them boyl, strain out the Oyl: this is Balsom of St. Johns wort so ex∣cellent in Wounds.

Or take the Ingredients of the first or second Balsom, and mix them with the following, and make an Oyl by boyling or distilling.

Or thus: Take Frankincense, Myrrh, Galbanum or Bdellium, Gum Elemi or Ivy, Myrrh, Aloes poudered, each half an ounce; Oyl a pint, Turpentine two ounces, Aqua vi∣tae an ounce and an half, boyl them gently, and strain off the Oyl, if at the conclusion of boyling, you do add half an ounce of Verdigreese, it wil be green and beter.

Or: Take the pouders above mentioned, and with as much Rosin of Turpentine, distil a Water first, then an Oyl.

Or: Take the pouders aforesaid three ounces, add Mummy, Gum Arabick, Sagapenum, Sarcocol, Sanguis Draconis, O∣popanax, each half an ounce; Labdanum, Benjamin, Storax Calamita, each two drams; Amber six drams, Spike three drams, Storax liquid two drams, Turpentine as much as all: distil them. This Balsom will be better with Verdi∣greese.

Some add Spices, that Balsomes may be good in cold Diseases, and pleasant, as Nutmeg, Cloves, Cinnamon, Galangal, Cubebs, Wood Aloes, Zedoary, which do little for wounds: also Musk, and Ambergreese, others ad Castor and Euphorbium, for cold Causes.

So make a Balsom of Rhubarb, oyl of Roses, or Worms with Frankincense, Mastick, Opoponax, Camphire by boyling and straining. Or Take: old Oyl a pint, Wine half a pint, juice of Daffadil, and Sideritis, each three ounces; Turpentine two ounces, Gum Elemi, Frankincense, Mastick, each an ounce and half; Sanguis Draconis, Aloes, each an ounce; Roots of Comfrey, and Birthwort, each six drams; flow∣ers of St Johnswort, halfe an ounce, boyl them gently, and strain out the oyl.

Or, Take Common Oyl, or of Linsced, eight ounces, Oyl of Bayes two ounces, Oyl of Turpentine an ounce, Oyl of Juniper berries distilled, or of Spike, or Petroleum, half an ounce, Tur∣pentine, two ounces, Colophony, Mastick, each an ounce; Aloes, three drams, burnt Brasse two drams, white Calacanthum, a a dram: Set them hot in a brass Vessel stirring them till they are green, strain it, or boyl it and add Verdigreace three drams, add Oyl of Cloves.

Another Balsome that cures presently, Take Liquid Storax, Myrrh, Sanguis Draconis, Carpobalsome, Gum A∣rabick, Sarcocol, Bdellium, Opopanax, Aloes Hepatick, each a dram; Oyl of Mastick two drams, Venice, Turpentine, as much as all, digest them eight dayes in a hot place, then distill them.

The Chymists Balsamum: Take flowers of Sulphur thrice calcinated, two ounces, Camphire, a dram and half, pouder them, add Oyl of Turpentine, four ounces, distill an Oyl.

Liquid Varnish is added such as Joyners use; A Bal∣some, Take, Oyl of Linseed a pint, Gum of Varnish, Mast∣ich, each an ounce and half; Frankincense half an ounce, Li∣tharge an ounce, Chrystal poudered or burnt Bones, half an ounce, white Calcanthum, three drams, boyl them gently, add Turpentine, oyl of Spike or Petroleum, each half an ounce; and strain it adding Verdigrease two drams, this is our Bal∣some and it is excellent.

Turpentine with Yolks of Egges, and Honey, cures smal Wounds.

Or use Juyces of Herbs, with Honey, Yolks of Egges, and Turpentine, with drying Pouders mentioned.

Or, Take Juice of Roses, Plantane, each two ounces; Vi∣negar an ounce, Oyl of Roses Omphacin, three ounces, Oyl of Yolks of Eggs and Turpentine, each an ounce; boyl them to the Consumption of the Juyces, add Litharge, Ceruse, Tutty, each two drams, Allum, a dram, Omphacium, three drams, and a little Wax.

Or use Juice of Tobacco, with oyl, and Turpentine, Pitch, and wax boyled, this is in great request.

Juice of Nettles and Urine cures wounds wonderfully.

For Head wounds, Take, Juice of Bettony six ounces, Oyl of Roses, Turpentine, Wax, each two ounces, Womans Milk, or Butter, Wine, or Vinegar, each an ounce and half; boyl them to an oyntment, or with Rossin make a Plaster.

Another for the Head, Take Topps of smal Centaury, Leavs of woodbine, dryed Bettony poundered, each two ounces and an half; Steep them in Wine, boyl them, and add Honey two ounces, Milk an ounce, Turpentine and Wax, each six ounces, boyl them till the juices are gone, add Frankin∣cense, Mastick, Gum Arabick or Elemi, each an ounce, and with Turpentine, make a Plaster.

If the Skull be broken, Take Juyce of Vervain, Bettony, Burnet, Periwinkle, Celandine, Smallage, each an ounce; Turpentine, four ounces, wax two ounces, boyl them til the Juyces be consumed; add Comfrey roots, and round Birth∣wort,

each half an ounce, Orris roots, two drams, Sarcocol, Myrrh, Mumy, Amber, each a dram and half, make a Plaster,

Or Take, Honey of Roses two parts, Oyl of Roses or of Eggs, one part, Turpentine half a part, mix and dip a Scarlet Silk therein, and put it into the Fracture, the Chymists use Oyl of Turpentine, and Oyl of Myrrh.

Some use the inward bark of the Tile Tree, to roul the Wound, or Paper wet in Wine.

Or Sponge.

Or Spiders Webs to glew smal Wounds, and stanch Bood.

Or Puffoyst which drieth, and glutinateth.

Or boyl, or steep a Rowler in Allum water.

Or Bruise Herbs with Meal.

Or thus, Take, Comfrey roots and Alkanet, Celandine, Centaury, Acrons, beat them with Oyl of Roses, and Grease.

Fomentatations are made or Injections of Comfrey, Bugle, Selfeheal, or Saracens consound, Rock Comfrey, Sideritis, St Johns-wort, Pyrola, Adders tongue, Crow∣foot, Yarrow, Achillea, Mousear, Dogs tongue, Burnet, Agrimony, Horstaile, Vervain, Strawberry leaves, Pauls Bettony, Hedg-Hyssop, Scordium, Woad, five leaved Grass, Centaury the less, Eupatorium, Lysimachia, Ground∣pine, great Celandine, Tobacco, also of Birthwort, Tor∣mentile, Snake-weed, Smyrnus, Lycopsis, Centaury the great, Poterium, Daffadil roots, bark of Elme, Tile Tree, Pine; Leaves of Cypress, Myrtles, Oaks, Elm, Medlars, Cornil, pear tree, Sumach, Cistus, Helianthemum, Ver∣bascum, Shepherds purse, Plantane, Lonchitis, Moon∣wort, Vitex, Polyenemus, wild Coleworts, Anagallis, Solomans seals, Polygonum, Goosgrass, Clymenus, Ar∣gemone, great white Bottles, Herb Trinity, Balsam, Cony∣za, Erigerus, Goats beard, Bettony, Sage, Polymontane, Rosemary, and Roses, Flowers of Labrusca, Myrtle seeds, Juniper Berries, Acrons, Dates. Boyl them in Water or Wine, adding Vinegar, and drying Pouders and Allum.

Or wash Wounds with the distilled water of them.

Or distill this, Take, Juice of Plantane, Agrimony, St Iohns-wort, twelve ounces, white Wine, three ounces, Allum, three ounces, Mastich, Frankincense, each half an ounce, Orpi∣ment a dram, whites of two Egges, Destill a water.

Or you may still a water with a strong Fire out of pou∣der of Bricks, and Wax washed often in Wine.

Some use the water that is in the Leaves of Elme.

You may make fine Pouders with Allum, to sprinkle upon Wounds of the Ingredients, for the Plaster.

Or for the Head, especially if the Skul be broken, of Orris, Birthwort, Flower of Orobus, and Frankincense, Myrrh, and Sarcocol, or Aloes and Sanguis Draconis, or of bark of Pitch tree, and of All-heal roots, and Capers, and Cypress roots, and when there are scales of Bones, in the wound, use scales of Brass, Pumice stone, and Crocus Martis in pouder, and for the Head, grains of Kermes, Saunders, Cypress nuts and Myrtles, and when you will dry more, Tutty and Antimony.

If the Brain appear, Sprinkle Aloes alone.

Mans Blood, or Goats dryed, is a good Pouder to glu∣tinate wounds.

Or the red Liquor of the Blood-stone, rubbed upon a whet-stone, or the white Liquor of the Galactitis dryed.

There are also Potions to cure wounds, called Vulnera∣ry, good not only when they peirce to the Stomach, and parts whither they can reach, but for wounds in the Breast, and other parts; and some say these Potions are of that sorce that they wil sweat out at the wound, and they wil be under the Skin, til it is opened to let them out, if they be given to men not wounded, this mistake came from some Humor, that they saw like the Potion about the Wound, but experience teacheth us, that they are of great force to heal wounds, but how we doubt. but it is pro∣bable they do it by a drying quality, which though it comes more easily to inward wounds, may come also to outward.

These Decoctions are made of experienced Plants, boyled in white Wine, and taken Morning and Evening, or as much of the Pouder as you can take up with three fingers, in white Wine boyled to the third or fourth part, or in Ale, Honey is usually added, and they may be made into Syrup.

The Decoction of Pyrola alone is the best, or with Sa∣nicle, or Saracons consound, or Ladies-mantle.

Or of wild Angelica in Wine used inwardly and out∣wardly, which is good against Ulcers.

Or: Take Saracens consound, Sanicle, Mugwort and Bur∣net: boyl them.

Or Saracens consound Beets, wild Angelica stalks Sanicle, Ladies-mantle, Pyrola.

Or: Take Comfrey, Tormentil and Madder roots, Pyrola, Ladies-mantle, Srawberry leaves, Agrimony, Yarrow, Hors∣tail, Dogs-tongue, Avens, Bettony, Periwinckle, Burnet, Mous-ear, Golden-rod: boyl them.

Or add to them Consolida the less, Adders-tongue, Knot-grass, Solomons-seal, Herb-trinity, Birthwort, Snakeweed, white Dittany, roots of Costus, Sun flower, Valerian, Sowbread, Balsamina, Lungwort, wild Tanfie, Solsequium, Bears-ear, Moonwort, Sion Craterae or wild Parsley, Moutain-sage, Nep, Hysop, Pennyroyal, the les∣ser Centaury and Gentian, some boyl Cray-fish there∣with.

Or: Take Pyrola, Saracens eonsound, Beets, wild An∣gelica, Carduus, Agrimony, Bettony, sprigs of Savin: take a spoonful of these in Pouder, boyl it in Wine, drink two ounces thrice a day fasting. this wil drive away any thing out of a Wound, and cures Ulcers.

This is approved by the Italians. Take Comfrey, Plan∣tane roots, Dove foot, Dogs-tongue, each a handful; Burnet, Mous-ear, Avens, red Coleworts, Agrimony, each half a handful: boyl them in red Wine, add Honey, strain and drink thereof every morning.

Or thus: Take red Coleworts, Madder, Herb Robert, Plantane, Hemp, Southernwood, Tansie, Rocket seed, Smal∣lage, Parsley and Fennel seed: bruise and cut them: boyl them in Wine, add Honey; give it morning and even∣ing.

Another: Take the stalks of red Mugwort, leaves of white Daisies, Sanicle, Pyrola, Ladies-mantle, Bettony, Sage, La∣vender, Mummy half an ounce: boyl them, some add Castor with great success.

A ra••e secret experienced in Gun-shot. Take Bay∣berries, roots of round Birthwort, each a dram; Cray-fish drieed in an Oven a dram and an half, Self-heal dried half an ounce: make a Pouder, boyl it in three pints of white Wine, to the consumption of one pint, drink an ounce thrice a day, and wash or inject into the Wound.

Another against Gun-shot when the bones are broken: Take Comfrey roots an ounce and an half, Birthwort an ounce, Sowbread and Serpentaria roots, each half an ounce; Selfheal and Herb Robert, each a handful; Savin half a handful, Mummy two drams, Crabs Eyes half an ounce, Galangal two drams: boyl them in white Wine.

In Head-wounds use the the Decoction of Bettony, Lil∣ly of the Valleys, Pauls Bettony, Celandine, Persicaria, Periwinkle, Centaury the less, Nutmeg, Mace and Ga∣langal.

For wounds in the Breast, boyl five-leav'd Grass, Avens, Comfrey, Madder, Pauls Bettony, Burnet, Mugwort, Pel∣litory of the wall, Hemp, Cressio, red Coleworts, Cha∣maemel flowers, Violets, purple Aramanthus or Marjoram, Raisons.

In wounds of the Stomach, give things to stop blood and heal, as Bole, Comfrey, Galangal in red Wine.

In Wounds of the Intestines, give Hors-tail roots and all, and Ground Ivy, boyl them in Water according to Dioscorides.

Mathiolus gives Heifers dung, and the hair under the belly of an Hare boyled with Honey the quantity of a Bean, often.

You may give the Juyces of Herbs mentioned, or steep them in Wine or Water, as Comfrey roots and the like, adding Honey.

Or stamp red Coleworts and Hemp in Wine and drink the straining.

Stilled Waters are not so strong but they do something especially a draught of Water of St. Johns wort, or Sara∣cens consound, morning and evening.

Or six ounces of the water of Horf-tail or Sowbread with Sugar for wounds in the Intestines according to Ma∣thiolus.

You may put pouders into the Decoctions mentioned, as of Hedg-hysop a dram, Crabs Eyes half an ounce, Spermacaeti six drams, Nux Vomiea a dram and an half, with Zedoary Macs and Galangal.

In Breast wounds give pouder of Egshels, and Crabs Eyes with Poppy water.

When the Entrals are wounded, give a spoonful of pou∣der of Momordica.

You may give also every morning half a dram of these Plants conferved with Honey.

Or Oyl of Juniper in Drink to cure inward wounds.

Or Oyl of Crocus Martis and Essence of Coral, each a scruple; with water of Frog-spawn is given by Quercetan to stanch inward bleeding.

This red Oynrment is excellent to be drunk in internal wounds. Take Sanicle, Pyrola, Agrimony, Horehound, each two handfuls; Tormentil roots two ounces, Comfrey roots, Castor, each an ounce; Alkanet roots half a pound, fresh Butter six pound, red Wine twenty two ounces: boyl them ac∣cording to Art, and add Sperma caeti two ounces: make an Oyntment.

Here we may speak of Drinks against Bruises, by Stroaks or Falls, which are to dissolve congealed blood, and to begin at the first, when there is a wound, or only a tumor from the Contusion, or a pain without any appearance, as we shewed in Tumors and Contusions. They are made of the following ingredients.

Ashes of Tile tree with Mummy, or mummy alone.

Or: Take Mummy two drams, Rheubarb a dram and an half, or Monks Rheubarb or Centaury rinds, of citrine Moro∣balans, Madder roots an ounce: make a Pouder, give two drams with the Broth of a black Chicken boyled with the Feathers on after, it is gutted.

When we suspect clotted Blood to be about the mesara∣icks, Stomach or Guts, then we give a dram of the Pou∣or four scruples with Cassia, Diaprunis solutive an ounce, some add Agarick.

In fear of a Fracture and Bleeding to five drams of this we put a dram of Bole, Sanguis Draconis or sealed Earth, with half a dram of Sperma caeti. or pouder of Snake∣weed, Tormentil, flowers of St. Johns wort, great Cyanus or White-bottle, Crabs Eyes a dram, with a Decoction of Wine, and Nutmeg, Fennel seed and Sugar.

Decoctions also of Comfrey roots, Birthwort, Madder, Vincetox, Snakeweed, Tormentil, Baccharus or Ladies-Glove.

Or Yarrow, Self-heal, Sanicle, Bears-ear, Cyamus ma∣jor or White-bottles, Mousear, Shepheards-rod, wild Tan∣sie, Ladies-mantle, Ophris, Moonwort, Plantane.

The pouder of Vinca pervinca or Periwincle and Mug∣wort are approved with Angelica and Coleworts if a Rib be broken.

Some boyl wound herbs in fresh Butter and a little Wine, and give a dram of it strained, in hot Broath or Ale, and anoynt the part pained with the same.

And Waters of Plantane, Sowbread, Comfrey and Bet∣tony.

Discorides gives a dram of the Juyce of Gentian.

A small wound with a little orifice is a puncture, * 1.556 and must be cured as a Wound, if it be only in the skin and flesh it is less difficult, but if it be in the Nervs or Membranes, or any nerv∣ous part very sensible, it is worse, be∣cause it easily causeth Convulsion, and hurt of motion. If a Nerve be pricked it is seldom because it is little and round and gives way, except the Puncture be in the back parts, where the Nervs are larger, as in the Arms, and Leggs, therefore Chyrurgeons say that wounds behind are harder to be cured then before: But if a Puncture be in the great Muscles, or the Heads thereof, Punctures may be oftner then in the Nervs alone, but these are cal∣led Punctures of Nervs also. When Punctures reach into the Belly or Breast, they are dangerous or deadly, if they hurt the Entrails as we shewed in large wounds, and not only so, but by reason of the blood falling into the Cavi∣ites of the body, and congeals and putrisies and therefore the Chyrurgeons say it is an evill Signe to bleed inward∣ly.

For Cure you must use Evacuations, and Revulsions, by bleeding, if need be as in large vvounds, and keep the body clean by a good Diet.

The Method of curing a Puncture, is if any thing stick there to take it carefully away presently, or by degrees, or to draw it out by applications, and if they be deep in, they will not come forth til there is suppuration, and then they will come forth with the matter. Then you must not close the Orifice, as in large wounds, but rather en∣large it, and keep it open, least the blood that flows thith∣er being in a streight place, should cause Inflammation, or the moysture or Excrements reteined, should hinder the Cure, and cause Accidents, and that whatsoever remains, may come forth more easily: Thirdly you must consoli∣date with driers that consume the moist humors, and so help nature, which wil as I shewed cure all wounds alone, if Impediments be removed; these are called Glutmaters, neither need you use such strait Ligatures as in large wounds, let the Medicines be Emplastick and Unctious, to keep open the Orifice, til it be cured; For if they be bad dry and binding, they would too soon close the Orifice, and hinder the cure: And with these Remedies, we may mix things that draw things out, they are as followeth,

We pul out things by Mannual operation, and Instru∣ments, as Thorns and Darts, and the broken peices that stick in the body, by pricking the skin and forcing them out with some of the flesh, and then suck the wound: by this means the Vulgar cure all small ordinary Punctures.

And if the things stick fast and deep, and cause great pain and fear of Inflamation, and other mischeif, we cut the Orifice larger.

If the wound will endure it without pain, keep the O∣rifice open with a small Tent armed with Medicines.

Punctures are commonly cured with Plasters alone, which Mollifie the swollen Lipps, and Orifice, and dry it by degrees, and keep it open til it fall away of it selfe, after the wound is healed: These plasters must not dry so much as in great and foul wounds, but keep their strength and not be so often changed, but one may serve many dayes, and I have known that same plaster to cure a second wound, and if the Puncture pass through the member, a Plaster must be before and behind.

There are Emplasters a purpose for Punctures which dry and draw out things that stick in them, the Germans call them stitch plasters. we shall tell you the best and easiest way to be made, Take, Frankincense, Mastick, Myrrh, Colophony, Mummy, each an ounce, Camphire two drams, Saffron a dram, Thymalus grease an ounce, Wax four ounces, Pitch an ounce, melt the three last, and add the rest, and make a Plaster.

Or, Take Litharge a pound, Cadmia four ounces, Oyl Olive, a pint, Oyl of Bayes four ounces, boyl them to a thickness add Gum Galbanum, Ammoniak and Bdellium, each two ounces boyled in Vinegar til it be consumed, Wax and Tur∣pentine, each half a pound; fat of the fish Thymalus an ounce: stir them hot, and add by degrees Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, each an ounce; make a Plaster.

Or: Take Wax, Pitch, Rosin, Turpentine, Oyl, each four ounces; Oyl of Bayes or worms or Eggs, fat of Thymalus, each

an ounce and an half; melt them, and while they are hot, add Galbanum and Opopanax dissolved in Aqua vitae, pouder of Colophony, Bitumen, Mummy, Mastick, Frankin∣cense, Myrrh, each an ounce; Litharge, Ceruss, each six drams; Lapis Calaminaris, Load-stone, Blood-stone, Coral or mother of pearl, Bole or sealed Earth, Chalcanthum, Cam∣phire, each half an ounce; roots of Birthwort, Comfrey and pouder of Earthworms, each two drams; Saffron a dram, moisten them with fat of Thymalus: make a Plaster.

Another to draw out splinters that are fixed: Take Li∣tharge Sulphur each an ounce; Minium and scales of Brass, each six drams; Allum, Chalcitis, half an ounce; Load-stone, red Coral, each two drams; sealed Earth a dram and an half, roots of Birthwort, Dragons, Sowbread, Juniper berries and Nettle seed, each a dram; Galbanum dislolved in Vine∣gar an ounce, Amber six drams, Frankincense, mastich, myrrh, mummy, Opopanax, each half an ounce; Propolis an ounce and an half: with Turpentine, Pitch, and old wax make a Plaster, if you add Oyl of Turpentine, Myrrh, Sulphur, Am∣ber, it wil be better.

The Plaster of Andromachus draws out things, as A∣vicen with other things hath the head of a Lizard, milk of the Mulberry tree, and Berries found in the Palm∣tree.

Half an ounce of Verdigreese makes these Plasters stronger, or two drams of Oyl of Juniper, Spike, or Cloves.

The black Plaster for the same is made of Olibanum, Myrrh, Mummy, Sanguis Draconis, Corals, Load-stone, Ceruss, Roman and white Vitriol, Earth-worms, Cam∣phire, Oyl of Roses and of Eggs, of Spike, Juniper, grease of a Hen or Thymalus, Colophony, Turpentine, Pitch, Wax.

Against Punctures in the Nerves and Nervous parts at first: Take Bean flower or of Lentils, pouder of Althaea roots each three ounces; Daffodils, two or three roots, Lilly one root, boyl them in Wine and stamp them with Turpentine dissol∣ved with the Yolk of an Eg half an ounce, Honey two drams, Saffron half a dram, Oyl of St. Johns wort and wax, make a Plaster.

Or: Take St. Johns wort and Centaury the less, each two handfuls; Bettony, Rosemary, Self-heal, Plantane, mous-ear, each a handful; Chamaemel and Dil flowers, each a pugil; Daffodil, Comfrey and madder roots, each an ounce: slice them, Earthworms washt in Wine twenty, Oyl of Sack, each a pint and an half: boyl them, strain off the Oyl, add three ounces of Deers, Goats, or Sheeps Suet, Turpentine three ounces, mastich two ounces, Gum Ammoniack, Galbanum, Sagapenum dissolved in Aqua vitae, each an ounce; Litharge an ounce and an half, with wax make an Oyntment, or with Pitch an Emplaster.

Or use Guido's Plaster of Worms or Diarrhaea.

Or Oyls and Punctures of the Nerves.

If the pain be great, pour in hot sallet Oyl, or of Cha∣maemel, Dil, Rue.

Or drop or lay on with a pledget Oyl of St. Jhons wort, Turpentine, Worms, Mastich or Savin, or if the pain be great, Oyl of yolks of Eggs, or the fruit of Momordica.

Or Oyl of Lovage with Grease of a Lyon and Wax makes a rare Oyntment.

Or Oyl with Turpentine, Rosin, Opopanax, Sagape∣num, Euphorbium or Sulphur vivum dissolved in it.

Or other Balsoms mentioned in Wounds.

Or apply Turpentine with the yolk of an Egg and Saf∣fron.

Or Leaves of Groundsil, with Frankincense, according to Dioscorides and leaves of the lesser Dracunculus with Coutchineel.

When the puncture is by a Thorn or Needle, make a Pultis of Hemp leaves with the white of an Egg and Vi∣negar.

To draw things fastned in a puncture, use the Plaster of Garlick by Aetius made of Garlick, Niter, Pitch, marrow of a Deer, Wax and Oyl.

Or Leaven and Propolis with Honey and wax.

Or Snails taken out of their shels, and Earth-worms bruised or boyled in wine, and mixed with meal.

Ordinary Flies bruised and applied draw out splin∣ters.

When a Thorn is drawn out, wash with the Decoction of red Pease, or with old white Wine when the vein is pricked.

Or apply pouder of Crabs Eyes, Harts-horn and Earth∣worms, with Honey and Turpentine.

Or give the Wound-drink mentioned, for they work so strongly that they wil not only expel from inward but outward parts.

If a puncture suppurate, cure it as an Ulcer.

If there be Inflammation, cure it as a wound with In∣flammation. If a Convulsion or Palsie, or Contraction follow, cure it as is shewed in them.

Wounds or Punctures poysoned from a Sword, weapon, Dart, * 1.557 or Bullet poy∣soned with evil juices, or otherwise: or from biting of Serpents, weasels, mad Dogs, of which in Hydrophobia or fear of water, or from Scorpions, Spiders, are according to the Venome better or worse: As when it is from a Scorpion, it is most dangerous, or when the wound is great which cause great Accidents, and leave stubborn Ulcers, some have only Heat, and a little Pain, and are not so bad except that cause inflammation, and so a stubborn Ulcer, such come from our Snakes and Spiders, which are not so dangerous as these from Vipers and Pha∣langies; And the stinging of Bees is such, in all which, though the Hurt be small, the pain is great.

If the Venome be great you must labour to draw it out, and then cure the wound; Thus.

Give Antidotes suddainly, to resist poyson, and proper, as Treacle, Mithridate, Antidote of Esdras: Also that of Skinkey, Bloods, Earth of Lemnos, mentioned by Ga∣len. The Electuary of Asa by Mesue, and others mentio∣ned by Dioscorides and Nicander.

Or that of Mathiolus, and that so much comended made of Laurel called the Saxon Antidote, and others mentioned in the Plague and in Madness. And in a pois∣oned wound, if you use Bole, earth of Lemnos, and Mummy, they both resist Poyson, and heal.

Or this Decoction that heals and tesists poyson, made of Roots of swallow wort, Valerian, Tormentil, wild Angelica steept in Vinegar, and Leavs of Scabious, Net∣tles, small Valerian, Flowers of Conval Lillies, and Per∣wincle; boyled in wine.

Or Juice of Dittany, Scorzonera, and Gentian.

Some say that Cocks or Hens dung boyled, expels poy∣son.

That rare Oyl of Scorpions of Mathiolus to anoynt the pulses and Arteries, resists all poysons as he saith.

Divers things are applied outward to draw forth poy∣son, as we shewed in pestilent Carbuncles, and when we spake of the biting of mad Dogs, and against stinging of Scorpions and Spiders, Burning, Cutting, and Cupping are good.

And things applied that resist Venom.

As this plaster. Take Pigeon or Hens dung an ounce, pouder of Dittany two drams, Niter a dram, with Hares grease Oyl of bitter Almonds, and VVax make a Plaster.

Or this: Take juyce of Scaboius, Rue, Onyons roasted, each two ounces; juyce of Anagallis with the purple Flower, Sowbread, each two drams; great Spurge seeds a dram, Galba∣num dissolved in Vinegar six drams, Oyl of Amber, Sulphur, each half an ounce; Oyl of Saffron a scruple: with Treacle, Mithridate and Turpentine make a Plaster.

Galen mentions divers plasters for venemous wounds and punctures called Icosij, their Ingredients are to cure wounds.

But this plaster called Diadictamnum is more proper to draw out splints and poyson, and so is Ʋnguentum Mace∣donium.

You may find in Dioscorides and Nicander specifical me∣dicines against particular Venoms, as a bruised Scorpion or the Oyl thereof against the sting of a Scorpion. of bi∣ting of mad Dogs we have spoken.

In other Bites or stingings which cause burning rather than, Venom with tumor and dolour, you must use things accordingly. for stinging of Bees, use Potters Earth and herbs that abate tumor mentioned in phlegmon, and things mentioned in Burnings are good against stinging.

For Biting of Fleas and Gnats they cause but a little itching, and a spot and small tumor, therefore we shall o∣mit them.

In wounds with Saws or rugged wea∣pons the torn flesh must be cut away pre∣sently or taken away with an actuall or potential Cautery, * 1.558 and the wounds made even and cured as others.

If an Ulcer come frm a wound or an Im∣posthume which we call sordid, * 1.559 whether it be plain, hollow or sinewous, and not covered over, or putrid, lousie, or that sweats out water, or follows a paronychia or Felon; or comes of foul Juyce and nou∣rished therewith which is eating, or sprea∣ding, or malignant, as in the French pox and Elephantiasis, they must be cured alike because in ma∣ny things they agree. afterward we shal shew the cure of Ulcers that have a Callus or covering, or flesh, or preterna∣tural tumor.

We shewed the cure of Ulcers with Cancer, Carbuncle, Ring-worm and Scabs in the Cure of Tumors and pustles.

Those Ulcers which come from wounds or Imposthumes the less hollow they are the sooner they are cured. Foul & lousie Ulcers are hardest especially in Nervous parts that gleet water, because they make the joynts unmovable or Gangraeene, or the Fellon-ulcer that eats off the Joynts of the Fingers when they are nourished with evil Jnyce, they are worst; as Eating, corroding or spreading Ulcers, these last long, and are somtimes incurable, especially if they be in a part depending, as in the Foot so that the hu∣mor descends continually to them, and when they are nou∣rished with a vein adjoyning, they either must not be cu∣red, lest the humor being stopt cause worse accidents, or cannot. And such as take off the skin, as rotten bark of a tree, are dangerous by reason of the Bones or Gristles which they foul, as in the Nose and Ears which destroy the parts. Also malignant Ulcers in Womens privities or Mens yards are long a curing, and somtimes consume the part. They which from the French pox are not cured til the Pox is cured, Ulcers in Elephantiasis continue, in∣crease, and are desperate, as the Disease is.

For Cure of all these you must thus proceed, first with general helps, as Evacuations when the body is full or foul, by bleeding or purging. then you must look at the Cause, whether it be a salt, cholerick, or waterish humor, and give things particular for that. as particular Purges often in stubborn Ulcers, as in the Scab and other Diseases from evil juyce. sweating is good to through out the hu∣mors, and cures the French pox and the Ulcers also. And a spare Diet as shal be shewed in the Pox. If a Vein di∣lated called Varix do nourish an Ulcer it must be opened to bleed. or the Vein cut off which is more necessary, as we shal shew. In all sorts of Ulcers keep a good Diet and the body, clean that it may cure the better.

Topicks are to be used to remove impediments, for Na∣ture alone must cure as in other excoriations and wounds. these Impediments are either moisture or filthy humors, these removed, Nature nourisheth the part and heals it up. some medicines that remove Impediments are Clensers or Driers up of humors more or less, the gentle Driers breed flesh, the strongest make an Escar. we shal speak first of them that breed flesh, next of them that make the skin grow.

Medicines that breed flesh are Clensers and Driers that purge the matter that fouls the Ulcers or eats it a∣way.

The next are dryers, which suck up the moysture which remains in Ulcers after they are cleansed, these put it into a condition fit to be cured, and breed flesh, these are cal∣led breeders of flesh, as if they did it, as we shewed in wounds; for the Impediments removed, Nature makes flesh of the same Nourishment, which fils up the Ulcer.

Others are stronger dryers, which destroy the evil Hu∣mors that corrupt the Ulcers, and make them spread; these are seldome used alone, but with clensers, that also kill Wormes if there be any, so that we shal not mention a private Cure for Wormes.

To these Cleansers we add Dryers, which are so mode∣rate that they take away that Gleeting which remains in Ulcers, after they are cleansed, and make it fit to produce new flesh. these are called incarnatives, as if they did of their own force breed it, when Nature did it by being freed from the Impediment of Moysture, and making a Glew of the Nourishment of the part which is hurt in a Wound, and flesh in a hollow Ulcer, that grows to the sound part and so fills it up by degrees, and unites that which was divided. These Incarnatives must not dry so much as to dry up the Nourishment with the moysture, that is the Impediment, as when they are to consume a foul Humor, or make a Scarr, nor must they clense nor bind as in wounds, for Ulcers must be filled up with flesh, and not united as wounds, but of some that cleanse not much nor bind but dry, Incarnatives may be compounded and one and the same Medicine may cleanse and heal, more or less, as we shall shew.

Unguents or plaisters which are applyed or put into Ul∣cers cleanse or dry, strongly or moderately, and are as followeth.

The oyntment of the five Meals is the chief cleanser for Ulcers, that is of Lupines, Orobus, Beans, Wheat, Bar∣ley, with Honey, or Sugar, and Vinegar, if you will clense more.

Or this of Smallage, Take Juice of Smallage one part, Honey of Roses two or three parts, with Turpentine dissolved in the Yolks of Eggs: make an Oyntment.

Or boyl the Juice with Honey and Beanflower, to an Oyntment.

Of Milky Juyces, as of Endive, Succory, Dandelion, Sow∣thistle, with Juice of Smallage, Beets, Plantane, Roses, Pellitory, Avens, you may also make cleansing Oynt∣ments.

Or this of bitter Juyces, as Horehound, Wormwood, Centaury, or sharp as Arsmart, Celandiue, Orris, Onyons, or Squills, with as much Honey of Squills, Turpentine, and Meal.

To these three you may add Myrrh and Frankincense, to cleanse more, and when it begins, to be clean; Sarco∣ocol, or when you will cleanse more, Allum, or Calcan∣thum, or burnt Virriol.

Or of the Juyces mentioned, you may make Oynt∣ments with Oyl as much, with Honey and Vinegar, boyling them with other Clensers, til the Juices are con∣sumed, and adding Pouder of Gentian, Birthwort, Myrrh.

Aloes with Beasts Gall, and Honey, is a great Clenser in corrupt Ulcers and lowsie.

You may make clensing Oyntments of Plants thus: Take Radishes, Onyons, each an ounce and an half; Gentian and the green bark of Dwarf-Elder, each an ounce; bark of Capars and Hermodacts, each half an ounce; Wormwood, Horehound, Celandine, Smallage, each a handful; scape and bruise them, boyl them in white Wine then bruise them a∣gain and boyl them in a pound of Butter or Oyl with the fourth part Honey to an Oyntment.

Or: Take green Orris roots, Colewort leaves and Rue: bruise them, add Faemigreek meal, Salt, and Honey, and Vinegar.

Or boyl Colewort leaves with Bean flowrs for Ulcers in

the Breasts, or apply the roots of Asclepias or Swallow∣wort, or Clensers bruised.

Or Herb Robert roots and all, in pouder boyled in Wine and Oyl to a Cataplasm is good in watery Ulcers. or Rose-cake, or Hors-dung.

Of the Astringent pouders following and Honey you make Oyntments with Vinegar and Oyl, or wax and Oyl of Roses.

Or when you wil clense more: Take roots of, Orris, Briony, Sowbread, Dragons, and use them as before.

Or use Oyntment of Agrippa made of Briony, wild Cowcumbers, Squill, Orris, Fern, Dwarf-Elder.

Or this: Take the pouder of the roots mentioned half an ounce, meal of Lupins, Frankincnese, Aloes, Myrrh, each a dram and an half; Oyl omphacine two drams, Honey of Squils an ounce, Oyl of Mastich an ounce and an half, Oyl of Turpen∣tine half an ounce: with Wax make an Oyntment, add to make it stronger, Tartar and Verdigreese.

Or thus: Take Briony roots three drams, Cuckowpint or Dragon roots a dram and an half, Galls, Savine or Pine bark burnt, a dram, Verdigrease half a dram, with Honey make an Oyntment.

Or this green plaster. Take Verdigreese three drams Myrrh, Frankincense, each half an ounce; Wax, Rosin, Tur∣pentine, each four drams; make a Plaster, or with Oyl or Suet an Oyntment.

Or boyl Tartar with Honey.

Or Verdigrease with Honey and Vinegar. or use Ae∣gyptiacum which is best in filthy Ulcers.

Or Oyl of Antimony to clense, which because it cures wounds almost incurable, is called the Wound-oyl, it is thus made. Take Aqua vitae rectified three or four ounces, Glass of Antimony, Mastich, Frankincense, Aloes, Myrrh, each an ounce: pouder them and let them stand in a warm place in a close vessel, til they putrifie them, distill them by an A∣lembick increasing the fire by degrees. first you wil have a stinking spirit, then a sweet, keep them close stopt.

Or mix burnt Sal Armoniack with Tartar, Verdigreese and Honey.

There are Oyntments called Incarnatives which heal Ul∣cers when they are clensed, Sarcocol and Honey is the chief, to produce flesh by drying.

Or you may make five sorts of Oyntments of the five incarnative pouders mentioned, and of other greater Dri∣ers, with Honey of Roses and Turpentine, or Oyl of Ma∣stich, Myrtles or Roses, with wax and Rosin.

To these you may add Colophony, Pitch, Bitumen and Opopanax as much as any of the rest.

Or you may mix the flesh of Snails with the second and sixth pouder, to cloath the bare Bones with flesh again.

Or use that of Nicodemus by Mesue it is made of the first and second pouder of Aloes, Myrrh, Sarcocol, and Honey and Wine, or the great Basilicon of Mesue; made of Fran∣kincense, Myrrh, Pitch, Turpentine, Rosin, Wax. That called Aureum of Mesue is so called made with Colopho∣ny and Saffron, and that called Unguentum Fuscum of Ni∣colas is like them, which hath Galbanum and Sagapenum, and the Tripharmacum of Mesue, and Tetrapharmacum of Galen with Myrrh, Sarcocol, and Orris added, or you may use Ceroneum made of many of the same ingredients and of Litharge and Allum.

You may use other Plasters and Oyntments which glu∣tinate wounds by drying, choosing the least astringent or those that hinder fluxes of humors which make the Ulcers ill habited.

As, Take Galls, Pomegranate flowers, each half an ounce; Frankincense, Aloes, each two drams with Honey.

If Ulcers are wel clensed you may cure them with Plants.

Thus: Take Daffodil and Comfrey roots, each two ounces; Vervain, Burnet, Mous-ear, St. Johns wort, and small Cen∣taury, each a handful: or other Wound-herbs, boyl them in Wine; then take of the thinnest part after they are well stampt six ounces: add Honey and Turpentine, each two ounces; of the first, second or third Pouder an ounce and half; make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Burnet, Bettony, Vervain, each a hand∣ful; cut and boyl them in Wine to the consumption of two parts, strain it, add Rosin half an ounce, Goats suet two drams, Wax five ounces, boyl them thick. when they are cold, ad pouder of Mastich two ounces and an half, Aloes half an ounce: make a Plaster.

Or thus: Take juyce of Agrimony Vervain, Plantane and Daffodil roots four ounces, Wine two ounces, Oyl of Ma∣stich two ounces, Oyl of Roses an ounce, Honey an ounce and an half, Turpentins an ounce: boyl them a little, add the se∣cond or third Incarnative pouder half an ounce, Gum Elemi a dram: make an Oyntment.

There are others that clense and dry more or less, which alone cure not only small, but foul and malignant Ulcers. As,

These following dry more than clense. the gentlest is made of Litharge and Ceruss with Oyl of Roses or Myr∣tles, stird in a Leaden Mortar, with a little Camphire and Gum Traganth infused, if there be pain.

Or of Litharge a pound, Oyl and Vinegar two pints boyled to a Plaster, or an Oyntment, this is cal'd Galen's Oxeleum. If you take Wine instead of Vinegar, it is called Oinelaeum, if Water, Hydreleum.

This dries more. Take Litharge and Oyl, each a pound; Cadmia an ounce: boyl them, add Gum Ammoniack and Bdellium, each an ounce; Galbanum and Opopanax, each half an ounce; dissolve in Vinegar, Wax half a pound at last, add roots of Comphrey, round Birthwort, Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, each an ounce: make a Plaster.

Or: Take Litharge an ounce and an half: boyl them til they are a little black, add Galbanum, Ammoniack, Bdel∣lium, Opopanax dissolved in Vinegar, each half an ounce; Colophony Myrrh, Mastich, Erankincense, each two drams; Tartar a dram, with Wax make a Plaster.

Or use the Plaster of Lapis Calaminaris made of Cad∣mia, Litharge, Tutty, Ceruss, Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, Camphire, Turpentine, Suet.

Or the Oyntment called Ʋnguentum Rubrum, thus: Take red Lead three drams, Litharge two drams, Ceruss a dram and an half, of both Cadmias, each a dram; Oyl of Roses three ounces, Turpentine half an ounce, Camphire a scruple.

Another of Dogs Dung: Take white Dogs dung two oun∣ces, Litharge, Ceruss each an ounce; Bole six drams, Fran∣kincense, Mastich, each two drams; Bean meal an ounce, with Honey, Goats Suet and Vinegar make a Plaster.

Or: Take Tutty prepared two drams, Litharge, burnt Lead, Blood-stone, each a dram; Aloes a dram and an half, Sanguis Draconis, Sarcocol, Galbanum, each a dram; with Oyl of Roses and Wax make an Oyntment.

Or: Take Litharge, Cadmia, or Tutty, Ceruss, burnt and washt Lead or Antimony, each a dram; Pumice stone two drams, Sarcocol, Myrrh, Colophony, each three drams: with Honey or Suet make an Oyntment.

Or the Oyntment of Lead made of burnt Lead, Anti∣mony, Litharge, Ceruss, Oyl of Roses; is good in malig∣nant Ulcers.

For a venemous Fellon: Take Antimony a dram, burnt Lead, and washed Ceruss, each half a dram; Tutty prepared half an ounce, Oyl of Mastich, and Omphacine, each two oun∣ces; white Wax and Rosin, each an ounce: make a soft Pla∣ster.

These Plasters wil dry more with two drams of burnt Brass, Verdigreese a dram, or burnt Vitriol.

These clense more than dry. Take Litharge boyled in Vinegar two ounces, burnt Brass a dram, Bole two drams, Ro∣sin, Wax, each two ounces; with Hogs grease four ounces, make an Oyntment.

Or: Take Oyl of Roses an ounce and an half, Oyl Ompha∣cine half an ounce, Cadmia and Tutty, each a dram and half; rust of Brass and Vitriol, each a dram; with Rosin.

Or: Take Cadmia, Litharge, Ceruss, Mastich, Frankin∣cense, mother of Pearl, Coral, Vitriol, each alike; to four oun∣ces, add five ounces of Wax, Colophony, or Turpentine four ounces: make a Plaster.

Or: Take Oyl of Antimony, Wax, Myrrh, digest them in Balneo fifteen daies, it is a good Balsom against malignant and perverse Ulcers.

A Brain-drying Oyntment. Take Oyl, May-butter, Deers suet, marrow of Ox bones, Turpentine, each two ounces; Litharge, Cadmia, each an ounce and half; Antimony, burnt Lead and burnt Brass, each an ounce; Load-stone, Mastich, Frankincense, Myrrh, each three drams; pouder of Earth∣worms two drams, or other drying pouder, add wax if need be.

Or: Take of the pouders mentioned a dram, Pomgranate peels, flowers of Labrusca, Fennel seed, Aloes, Myrrh, Aca∣cia, each a half dram; Bole, Cadmia, burnt Brass, each a dram; Oesypus or grease of wool, Infusion of Gum Traganth in Plan∣tane water, each half an ounce with Oyl of Roses, Wax, and a scruple of Saffron make an Oyntment.

Or of Plants thus: Take roots of Orris, Birthwort, Tur∣merick, each two drams; Pomegranate peels, or flowers, and Galls, each a dram and an half; flowers of Labrusca, Rose seeds, each a dram; Gourd peels, Savin and Earth-worms burnt, each a dram; Sanguis Draconis and Bitumen, each two drams; rust of Iron three drams, burns Allum and Chalcitis burnt, each a dram and an half; burnt Coral two drams, Oyl and Suet, each six ounces; Rosin three ounces, with wax make a Plaster.

Or: Take the Wound Herbs mentioned, Roots, Leaves, and Flowers: boyl them in Wine and Oyl: take six ounces strained; add Honey and Rosin: and boyl them again a little, when it is thick, add Powders mentioned, Litharge six drams, burnt Brasse or Rust of Iron two drams: with Wax make an Oyntment.

Quick-silver makes these Oyntments better against a∣ny Malignity, especially the French Pox. Or: Take Quick-silver an ounce, Turpentine an ounce and half, Hogs Grease three ounces: stirr them well, then add Cadmia, burnt Brass, each two drams; Sulphur vive three drams, rust of Iron half an ounce.

Another excellent Plaster with which I have often cu∣red perverse Ulcers in the Legs. Take Litharge, Cadmia, Ceruss, each two drams; Frankincense, Mastch, each a dram and an half; Birthwort roots a dram, rust of Brass, Sublimate, each half a dram; Quick-silver three drams: with Turpen∣tine an ounce and an half, Honey half an ounce, Oyl of Roses and juyce of Plantane, each two ounces: make a Plaster.

When an Ulcer is clensed, heal it with Quick-silver, Turpentine, Sarcocol and Honey.

Apostolorum of Avicen is the ordinary Clenser and Dry∣er, and it is better mixed with Aegyptiacum, or with a little Allum or Vitriol when the Ulcer is very soul, it is made of Verdigrece, Litharge, Birthwort, Gum Ammo∣niack, Bdellium, Galbanum, Opopanax, Myrrh, Frankin∣cense, Rosin, Oyl and Wax.

Apostolicon Mesue is the same with Aloes and Sarcocol added.

Apostolicon Nicolai is of the same Ingredients with burnt Brass and Scales, Lapis Calaminaris, Dittany, Sar∣cocol, Mastich, Mummy, Colophony, Propolis, Birdlime, this wil draw any thing forth of an Ulcer.

The Emplastrum called Gratia Dei or Divine made by Nicolas is like these to draw out things fastned, it is made of Litharge, Verdigreece, Birthwort, Blood-stone, Oliba∣num, Myrrh, Bdellium, Mastich, Oyl.

Some add Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Opopanax, and Load-stone.

Diapalma also clenseth, it is made of Chalcitis, Litharge Oyl and Grease.

There are more Clensers and Driers made of Scales of Brass, Ashes, Verdigreece, Allum, Vitriol, by Galen; as the red Greek Plaster, or the black Aegyptian Isis, or Plaster of Asclaupius, Melium of Serapio, Diabotonon of Critonis, the Plaster of Terentinus, the Green Plaster of Andromachus or Panacea Hiroe and other Arabian Plasters, and the Oyntment of Guido against corroding Ulcers: They must be looked for in Dispensatories.

There are also strong, drying and clensing Oyls, as that of the wild Olive, of Wheat, Acorus, Spurge seeds, Radi∣shes by Dioscorides. and others for wounds which wil cure cleansed Ulcers, they are called Balsamelaea. that of Mant dung is commended by some, and that which comes from a Linnen Rag dipt in Oyl and burnt.

The stronger are Oyl of Myrrh and Sulphur, or a Pla∣ster of Myrrh, Colophony, and Wax mixed with them.

Or Oyl of Tartar by deliquium or melting is a great Clenser, and against eating Ulcers, Oyl of Vitriol Anti∣mony and Talcum.

Or this: Take crude Antimony two ounces, unslaked Lime a pugil, Tartar an ounce, boyl them in Lye, then add Vinegar and the Oyl will swim, this is good in foul Ul∣cers.

Balsom of Sulphur is a mighty Drier and Clenser thus made, Take Brimstone a pound and an half, boyl it in spi∣rit of Wine, digest it some daies in a Limbeck, take it from the Fire and put it in a strong vessel, add Vitriol in pouder an ounce and an half, Tartar an ounce, it makes a red Balsom. Ruland makes Balsom of Sulphur thus. Take Oyl ompha∣cine a pint, spirit of Turpentine two ounces, Sulphur six drams, digest it in hot Embers til it be Red, strain and keep it.

There are also Washes, Injections, Fomentations, and Bathes to clense and dry Ulcers.

Old Wine is a good Clenser.

Or Vinegar and Water and Wine is a gentle Clenser.

So is Whey wherein Barley is boyled, with Honey or Sugar.

Posset Curd applied warm is good against the weeping Ulcer, called in Dutch Slidwasser.

Water of distilled Honey or Turpentine clenseth, and more if they be stilled together with Vitriol.

Or a Lye of many Ashes, as of Vine stalks, or Fig-tree or Savin, adding Lime before you strain, or boyl the Lye with Wine and Honey.

The Lye of Soap clenseth more, called Soap-water thus made, of Vine Ashes three parts, unslaked Lime one part, boyl them to a consistence for an Oyntment, use a little, and let it lie til the Ulcer be clean, and then heal it with other things.

This Soap-Lye is made stronger with Sal Armoniack.

Water wherein Quick-silver hath been often quenched, taken clean from the Lime, wonderfully clenseth filthy Ulcers, especially that which is made of burnt Flints, of which we spake in Burnings.

A pound of Vitriol and a good quantity of Water is a good Fomentation in the weeping Ulcer, called in Dutch Slidwasser.

Or Urin, especially if old and stinking.

Or distilled water of Urin, with Allum and Tartar dis∣solved therein.

Also all salt Waters, with salt Armoniack especially, al∣so Brine or Pickle.

Or Allum water and Camphire, which is good against Ulcers in the Privities.

The Water found in the cavities of old Oaks is thought to cure Ulcers.

There are divers Decoctions of Plants for Fomentations or Baths to clense and dry Ulcers. such as are mentioned for wounds, some are applied green, and bruised or boyl∣ed. The chief Decoctions is of Agrimony, Yarrow, Ivy, Avens, Ladies-mantle, Hors-tail, Strawberry leaves, Bur∣net, Bears-ears, Pyrola, Pauls Bettony, Sun-flower, wild Tansie, Vervain, Carduus, Spondylium, Solomons seal, Woad, Personatum, Anagallis, Butterbur, Housleek, Car∣rots, Colymbades, Hemlock, Plantane, Shepheards-purse, Scabious, Gallitricum, Dogs tongue, Celandine, Worm∣wood, Centaury, Horehound, Smallage, Polymountain, Mugwort, Nettles, Cypress, Savin, Oak leaves, wild

Olive, Mastich tree, Rhamnus, Barberries, Sumach, Ce∣terach, Coriander, Roses, Maudlin, Costus, Aesculapius his Allheal, Pomegranate flowers, Comfrey roots, Birth∣wort, Orris, black Chamaelion roots, Allheal, Sulphur∣wort, wild Parsneps, Astragalus, Fern, Anemone, Thali∣ctrum, Alkanet, Daffodil, Pomegranate peels, Ash leaves and Beets: Also Guajacum, which is proper in pocky Ulcers. also bark of the Palm tree, also Galls, Acron cups, Cypress Nuts, Myrobalans, Lentils, Barley, Myr∣tles, Roses, Barberries, Plantane, Coleworts boyled in Wine and Water, and water with Vinegar in soul Ulcers, to Dry and clense, with Acacia and Hypocystis to dry more.

To these Decoctions when you wil clense more. Take Smallage, Plantane, Agrimony, each a handful; Wormwood, Centaury, each half a handful; boyl and dissolve in a pint thereof Honey of Roses four ounces, or in hollow foul Fistu∣laes and Ulcers, add Orris, Hellebore, or Cuckowpint roots boyled in Lye or Ʋrin for to inject or wash.

Or this Injection. Take Gentian roots an ounce, Hermo∣dacts six drams, Hellebore three drams, Wormwood and Cen∣taury, each a handful; boyl them in two pints strained, dissolve Honey of Roses three ounces, Aegyptiacum an ounce: add pouder of Orris and Birthwort, each half an ounce; Aga∣rick, Myrrh, each two drams.

Or: Take Smallage, Sage (which allaies Itching in Ulcers) Bettony, Horehound, each a handful; Radishes an ounce and an half, Onyons an ounce: boyl them, and to two pints add Allum half an ounce or Salt of Tartar two drams, Honey of Roses three ounces.

To dry and heal. Take Comfrey, Plantane, Shepheards∣purse, Horstail, Ceterach, Jews herb, each a handful; Agri∣mody and five-leav'd Grass, each half a handful; Galls, Cy∣press Nuts, Pomegranate flowers, each an ounce; red Roses, Barley, each a pugil; boyl them, and to two pints of the straining, add Frankincense, Mastich, Sarcocol, each two drams; Honey of Roses three ounces.

Or: Take Litharge a pound, boyl it in Vinegar and dip Clouts therein for Ulcers of the Legs.

Or: Take Cadmia or Litharge two ounces, Mastich, Fran∣kincense, each half an ounce, Camphire half a dram, Saffron a scruple: boyl them in Vinegar.

Or, boyl Allum, Tartar and Mastich in Vinegar, or Tar∣tar and Aloes in Vinegar.

Take white Vitriol, Allum, Bole a pound, Camphire an ounce, boyl them in an Earthen vessel, keep the third part of the Water, boyl the rest til it may be poudered, to an ounce of which, add a pint of water, strain it, use the Water.

In Ulcers of the Leg. Take Chalcanthum, Vitriol, Al∣lum, Ceruss, eaqual parts, boyl them in Vinegar til they are hard, dissolve a little in Water or Lye and Wine and wash the Ʋlcer.

Take Allum half an ounce, Tartar two drams, Camphire a dram, Verdigreece, half a dram: beat them, and dissolve them with Aqua vitae eight ounces, and three Yolks of hard Egs, strain them, this is good in Ulcers of the Privi∣ties.

Take Pease, Wheat, Salt, each a pugil; Wine a good quan∣tity: let them stand in a brass Kettle, and stir them some daies, add Verdigreese an ounce, white Vitriol, Aloes, each half an ounce; stir them some daies, and then strain off the Liquor.

Or: Take Litharge, Lapis Calaminaris, each half an ounce; Salt, Allum, Vitriol, each an ounce; boyl them in Water, Wine, or Lye: add Sulphur, Ceruss, Sanguis Draco∣nis and an ounce of Verdigreece.

You may use distilled waters to dry Ulcers, or the Juy∣ces of Plants with Allum and whites of Egs, before it is di∣stilled.

That of Docks and Vinegar mentioned in Tetters or Herpes cures Ulcers after an Erysipelas.

This is better in pocky Ulcers, if the Dock roots are oyled in Guajacum water.

Pouder for hollow Ulcers which cause flesh by drying, and are therefore called Incarnatives, or stronger Driers when the Ulcer is very foul and eating.

The Incarnative pouders are first: Take Frankincense, Myrrh, Aloes, to glew as in the first Wound-plaster.

A second: Take Sarcocol and Myrrh.

A third: Take one of the former pouders, add as much Sanguis Draconis, Orris, and Birthwort.

A fourth: Take of the first or second pouder one part, add meal of Orobus, or Lupines roots, of Sulphur-wort, All-heal, Centaury the less as much.

A fifth: as much Litharge, Cadmia, filings of Iron, and Pumcie stone to the first or second pouder.

The sixth that wil cloath naked bones with flesh again is made of Orris, Daffodil, Sulphur wort, All heal roots, Frankincense and Myrh.

There are other glutinating Incarnatives.

When you wil dry more in moist Ulcers, use pouders of drying Plants, as of Savin, Cypress, Horehound, Vervain, Groundpine, Germander, Juniper berries, Pomegranate peels, Cypress Nuts, Bediguar, Goose-grass, Parsneps, Securidaca, Coriander, Rosemary, Sage, Myrtle leaves, or pouder of Coral, Crystal, Bole, sealed Earth-Eretria, washed Lime, of the stone Aesius, Earth-worms, and Hog∣lice, rotten Posts, and other Driers.

Or Ashes of burnt Southernwood, Dill, Cypress, Savin, Tamarisk, Hemp, Gourd peels, Olives, also of Shoe soals, Paper, Silk, Purple, shels of Oysters, Hedghogs, Snakes, Snails, Corals.

To all these pouders, add Frankincense, Mastich, Pitch Gum of Nu•• tree, Almonds, &c.

The white troches of Rhasis with Camphire, Aloes and Myrh cures Ulcers in the Yard.

Or this experienced. The pouder of Barba sylvatica, with half a part of Mastich and Frankincense, and a fourth part of Cuttle Bone.

When you wil dry more use pouder of Capar roots, Restharrow, Fern, Birthwort, Gentian, Hermodacts, Or-Cuckowpints or Dragons, Briony, Celondine, Hellebore, Agarick, Dogs dung, these clense Fistulaes also, especial∣ly if you add Chalcitis or Verdigreese.

The pouder of Snails is good against the gleeting Ulcer cald in Dutch Slidwasser.

Or this to dry and clense. Take flowers of Pomegranate or peels half a dram, burnt Bones or Cural a dram, Aloes a scruple, Salt or Allum a dram and an half, make a Pouder.

Or mix silings of Iron or Brass with fat clay washt with Allum water, and burn it to pouder.

Salt of pickled Fish, or flower of Salt is good against moist Ulcers.

Or Tartar, or Borax, with Crabs-eyes.

Or burnt Allum, or parched Salt, or burnt Brass.

In a Fellon called Paronychia when the flesh is foul: Take Sal Armoniack half an ounce, Verdigreese two drams, make a Pouder, add Aqua fortis, dip Cotton in it, and dry it, and apply it to the root of the Nail.

Dry Lint is good in moist Ulcers often changed.

Or Sparadrap, which is good also in the French Pox in the Privities, thus made. Take Guajacum pouder four oun∣ces, roots of Gentian, Birthwort, Masterwort, each an ounce; Rhubarb half an ounce, Centaury tops, Scordium, Bettony, each a handful; Rosemary flowers and Roses, each a pugil; Bay and Juniper berries, each half an ounce; Myrtle ber∣ries and Fennel seed, each two drams; Allum three drams: boyl them in red Wine, strain them, and to a pint and an half, add Mythridate an ounce, dissolve it in three ounces of Aqua vitae, dip a Pledget in it often and dry it again, apply a bit of it.

Somtimes we open the Ulcer that the matter better come forth in the lower part, and rouling it above, and wounds also, when we fear the Bones wil be infected, and in the Fellon we open the Imposthume at the first before the bone is foul.

Or we take away rotten flesh with an actual Cautery,

or a potential, especially in that malignant gleeting Ulcer called Slidwasser in Dutch, a Corrosive must presently be applied to that.

You must use the expulsive Ligature to hollow Ulcers to retain things put in, and let the matter come forth not∣withstanding.

Remedies to heal up and make a scar are in wounds with loss of flesh and skin.

And the last of all when the Ulcers are fil'd with flesh, and the Superficies only bare they cure them.

And though Nature doth breed this skin of nourish∣ment that feeds the skin, as it doth breed flesh in hotter Ulcers, yet because a preternatural flux of moisture hin∣ders her, we must use Driers that Nature may do her work and make skin. This Scarf-skin differs from the true, because it is neither sensible nor porous, not made of seed as before, but of nutriment that sweats from the true skin and grows to the flesh, and then it is not called a true skin but Callus, and Cicatrice or Scar, and the medicines that cause it are called Epuloticks.

These must be stronger driers than Incarnatives to make the superficies better turn into a skin or Scar, and they must be more, and therefore are to be used in a dry form rather than a moist and unctious.

Therefore Incarnatives which astringe not so much must not be used when the Ulcer is healed but changed, lest they make proud flesh, for skin they cannot make, nor Glutinaters except some of the chiefest Driers and Binders, which when they have glewed the lips of a wound heal with a smal scar without any more ado, as Cicatrizers called Epuloticks do glutinate small wounds.

Pouders are best for such strong drying, if very fine and sprinkled upon the superficies, and better when burnt and not washed, for things that corrode lose their force by being burnt if they be after washed. The pouders fol∣low.

The first: Take Galls, Pomgranate peels and Birthwoort, burn them and they are stronger.

The second: Take one part of the first pouder with as much Cypress Nuts or Acorn Cups, Roses, Hors-tail, Contau∣ry, burnt Spurge.

The third: Take one part of the first pouder: add as much Tormentil roots, or of Snakeweed, or of Pine bark, or Elm, or Oak, or Sumach, or burnt Paper, Clouts or Leather, Bones or Eg-shels.

The fourth: Take one part of either pouder, add as much of bark of Frankincense and Sanguis Draconis.

The fifth: Take any of the former with as much Litharge, Cadmia or Lapis Calaminaris burnt, with Bole or Chalk.

The sixth stronger. Take Litharge, Tutty, burnt Lead or Ceruss, each half an ounce; burnt Allum a dram, half an ounce of the first pouder, and a dram of burnt Pumice stone.

The seventh which is strongest. Take Brass burnt and washed two drams, Chalcitis burnt and washed a dram and an half, an ounce of any of the pouders aforesaid.

Or use the following alone, or with the former, as Pou∣der of burnt Rosemary, or drying plants, barke of Goards, Plantane roots, Caper barkes, Cypress, Oak, Pear-tree, Myrtle, Fruits of the Aegyptian Thorne, or pouder of burnt shells, Coral, Ivory, sealed Armenian, or Cimolian earth, Bloodstone, Jews stone, Loadstone, and Asius.

Or Use Crocus Martis, which is a strong dryer.

Machiolus comends Tartar burnt, with the pouder of Plantane roots, others Sulphur vive.

Of these pouders you may make Oyntments with ast∣ringent Wine or Honey, or oyl of Roses, Myrtles, or Sew∣et, but they will dry less, except you use the sixth or se∣venth Pouder.

Or Thus. Take six drams of the sixth Pouder, add An∣timony, Scales and Flowers of Brass all burnt and washt, each two drams; Chalcitis or Borax, and Vitriol, each a dram, with Honey make an Oyntment, or with Oyls, if you will have it gentler.

Dioscorides useth Verdigrease with Oyl and Wax.

Or use this of Juices. Take Juyce of Plantane, Ver∣vain, Agrimony, Pears, or Quinces, four ounces, add red Vi∣negar, two ounces, Acacia, half an ounce, Aloes two drams, Litharge an ounce and half, Honey an ounce: boyl them to a thin Oyntment.

Oyl of Vitriol in Water makes a Scarr, by strong dry∣ing.

The usual Epulotike Oyntments and Plaisters, are nutri∣tum, or triapharmacum, or that black of Avicen made of Litharge, Oyl of Vinegar, or Litharge and Ceruse, of the oyntment of Quick-Lime, often washed, as we shewed in burnings, or the white Oyntment with Ceruse, and Litharge, or the Citrine Oyntment, that of Tutty, or of red lead, or that of Lead, or the plaster of Lapis Calamina∣ris, mentioned in Glutinaters, or Emplastrum Diacadmiae, of Gallen.

Before you use these Epuloticks, wash the wounds or Ulcers with Wine by Urine or Allum water, or Decoction of Sumach, or Currans, Rhus which thickens their Leath∣er, and dryes, and thickens the Skin.

You may further the Cure of Ulcers, as well as Wounds by Wound Drinks, for they cleanse and drie, they are men∣tioned in Wounds.

These following are best in hollow Ulcers, or in Fistu∣laes, which be most dryed, therefore they are good in all foul Ulcers: Thus made.

Give Agrimony boyled in Wine, with Solomons-seal, Feather-wood, Burnet, Spatula foetida: to drink some daies.

Or Wine of red Coleworts, with the Seeds and Mad∣der.

A Water called the Mother of Balsom, for hollow Ul∣cers. Take; distilled water of Rosemary and Sage, steeped in white wine one pint. give it with Sugar.

Or add Turpentine two ounces, Gum of Ivy, Frankicense, Mastike, Myrrh, Aloes, each half an ounce; Cloves, Cin∣namon, Nutmegs, Cabebs, Galangal, each two drams; Saff∣ron, a dram. give the distilled water to drink.

An excellent water made of Pyrola roots and all and and ground Ivy, cutt small and steept in old Ale, two daies, with as much Album Graecum as an Egg, distill a water, and add it to the dreggs, and still it over again, give three spoonfull a morning, before Supper, and at bed-time.

In hollow ulcers, in the Perinaeum under the stones, when they pierce to the bladder. Take Comfrey roots, Fennel, Liquorish, each an ounce and half, Birthwortt, half an ounce, Sanicle, perfoliata, or through wax, Saracens Con∣sound, ground Ivy, Betony, each a handful; Hyssop half a handful, winter Cherries half a pugil. boyl them in wine and water each a pint, give it with Sugar.

A Fistulated Ulcer whose inward cir∣cumference grows together, * 1.560 by a skin or tunicle, with Hollowness called a Fistula, is thus cured. it must be filled again with flesh, and therefore the tunicle must be taken away, and then you must use the means mentioned to be∣get flesh, and a Scarr, or Skin; and give things menti∣oned in Ulcers, to keep the body clean, that the Cure may be the easier.

Therefore for taking away of the Tunicle, use cleansers which may take it away, with the thick Excrements while it is soft and slimy. but when it is grown hard, it cannot be taken away, but with strong cleansers, all the kinds of which were mentioned in Ulcers. If the Tunicle be hard and confirmed, eat it away with things that consume proud flesh as in Ulcers, applied with Tents which will keep it open.

These are the cheif takers away of Skin in Fistulaes.

Of Juyces, that of Orris is sharp and burning, and that of Dragons Cookowpints, and Spurge, and Juice of milk∣y Figgs, they may be corrected with milder Juyces, or mixed with Vinegar or Honey.

Oyl Omphacine cleanseth, and more with Juice of Spurge, or the like.

Paracelsus his balsom for Fistulaes. Take Oyl of Bricks two ounces, Oyl of Turpentine six ounces, Oyl of Cloves half an ounce, infuse Mastik, Myrrh, Frankinceose, each two ounces; Mummy three ounces, distill them, pour it in twice a day.

The Chymists commend in Fistulaes, Oyl and Sugar of Lead, or Oyl or Water of Mercury.

As strong Vinegar consumes Egg-shels if they be laid therein, So doth it Fistulaes, mixed with Oyl omphacine, and Labdanum, as Dioscorides, and with other Oyntments to avoid corruption.

Or use Aegyptiacum dissolved in lye with a Tent.

Or this Infusion: Take Verdigrease three drams, Allum an ounce and half, Sugar half a pound, with Wine, boyl and use it.

Or Take Orpiment a dram, Verdigrease half a dram, boyl them in half a pint of wine, and four ounces of Plantane water, Or use the green Water mentioned against Ulcers of the mouth.

It is excellent to dissolve a little Orpiment, in Plantane Rose, or Nightshade water.

Or to use a little Sublimate with Populeon, to abate its force, or Orpiment and Honey.

A Fistula-water to take away and cure. Take Frankin∣cense, Mastike each half an ounce; Verdigrease, Orpiment, each to drams; Allum two ounces, Honey and Turpentine, each an ounce an half; wine a pint and half. distill a Wa∣ter.

Or distill a water of Euphorbium dissolved in Juyce of Plantane, with Myrrh, and Frankincense.

Or use the distilled water of mans Dung.

An Oyl to eat away Fistulaes. Take Antimony two oun∣ces, Sublimate an ounce, Honey four ounces, distill an Oyl by a retort.

Orpiment alone thus prepared cures all Fistulaes. Take yellow Orpiment, an ounce, calcined Tartar two ounces, pow∣der and calcine them in a crucible twenty four hours, powder it upon a Tile, and boyl them in water, till it is evaporated, there will be a white Chalk in the bottome, which is Orpiment prepared, the pouder of it doth cure Fistulaes to a miracle.

This white Orpiment so prepared, and put into a Glass, and set in a moist Cellar, turns to an oyly Liquor, which put into Fistulaes, is excellent.

An Hellebore root put into a Fistula, takes away the Tunicle.

We put a dried Spunge tyed or waxed into Fistulaes, or a root of Gentian or Birthwort, as a Tent to enlarge the Orfice rather then to clense, and the stretching makes the Callus thinner and sooner come of.

If you burn a Fistula with an actuall or potentiall Cau∣tery, there wil be an Eschar, and that falling off, the Tuni∣cle is gone.

If after this, quick flesh appears in a Fistula, it must be cured as other Ulcers, by Incarnatives injected, and then by Cicatrizers.

They say that Fistulaes are cured by Drinks mentioned in Ulcers, but they mean hollow Ulcers not yet covered with a tunicle, for when there is a skin grown in a Fistu∣la they cannot send their vertue so far as to eat off except at the first while it is warm, or work upon the Fistula when the skin is off.

Paracelsus commends this Drink against fistulated Ul∣cers. Take Sowbread two handfuls, Sanicle a handful, So∣phia Chirurgorum half a handful, boyl them in Wine, to the strained Liquor cold, add Oyl of Cloves distilled an ounce and an half, give it thrice a day shaking it first that the Oyl of Cloves may be in evey draught three or four ounces at a time.

A Callus Ulcer with hard Lips must be mollified and clensed. * 1.561

This Cataplasm doth both, made of Dock and Comfrey roots boyled in Water, bruised after and mixed with Butter.

Or use a plaster of Ammoniacum with strong Vinegar.

Or this Oyntment. Take Gum Ammoniack, Bdollium or Galbanum dissolved in strong Vinegar two ounces, Turpen∣tine half an ounce: dissolve it with Oyl of Roses, add two drams of Verdigreese, and three drams of Allum.

Or use other strong Clensers or Eaters mentioned if the Callus be hard.

Dioscorides saith that Spurge boyled in Honey or pie∣ces of Sphondilium laid upon the Callus take it away.

Cut with a Knife or Lancet, and it will more easily heal.

An excrescent Ulcer is when the flesh which fil'd the Ulcer grows out for want of soon making a Scar or Skin, * 1.562 hanging forth and deforming, this must be made even.

By taking away Plethory if that be the cause, by spare Diet and bleeding, and using of medicines outward that cause a scar as soon as the flesh riseth. these by drying cause a skin and hinder flesh from growing, but if the flesh is grown out, you must not use them, left it cause deformi∣ty, because they wil not consume it. but then use stronger Dtiers and Clensers, or things that take away flesh, called Cathereticks, such as we mentioned for Fistulaes, and these are good in Fistulaes.

Pouders are carried in Borax pipes for the same, as pouder of black Hellebore and Hermodacts, of Birth∣wort, Galls, Ashes of Date stones, Wooll, Spunge, Salt Fish, Smaris and Sea-Hedghog, Purple shels, and Shails burnt.

Or sprinkle small cut Hemp thereon.

Or the yellow pouder of dregs remaining after the di∣stillation of Honey.

Or pouder of Borax.

Or of Pumice Stone, Okar, Aetius Stone, Diphryges.

Or of Allum, Chalcitis burnt, or not mixed with other weaker.

As, Take Allum burnt three drams, with Pomegranate flowers and Bole as much.

Or, Take Vitriol half an ounce, Allum two drams, Pome∣granate peels and Galls, each two drams; Myrrh, Birthwort burnt, each a dram; make Troches for your use.

Or you may add burnt Tartar to other pouders.

A Corrosive pouder. Take Vitriol four ounces, Allum and Verdigreese, each half an ounce, Vinegar six ounces, cal∣cine them in a luted Vessel.

Or make it of red Arsnick, Allum and Galls boyled in Vinegar strained and pour upon as much quick Lime, dry the Lime with the residence of the Decoction till it may be poudered.

Or make quick Lime into Troches with Honey, and then burn them.

To make Precipitate or Sublimate to consume flesh with∣out great pain, Take one part of Quick-silver, two parts of Aqua fortis, let it be stir'd in a great Alembick with a great Receiver and hot Fire under, till the Water is gone, and the Alembick broken, leave that which is white and yellow, and take it in the neck of a Glass, pouder it, and se•• it upon the fire till all the fume be gone.

The Troches mentioned in Cauteries to open Impost∣humes, and many things that burn the skin, are good here.

And Troches of Vigo made of crums of Bread, Subli∣mate, red Lead, and Rose water.

Aegyptiacum is the best Oyntment to take away flesh.

Or this, Take Hermodacts or Agarick, black Hellebore, burnt Spunge and Pumice stone, each two drams; burnt Brass and Allum, each a dram and an half; Verdigreese and Chal∣citis, each a dram; with Honey and Oyl of Tartar an ounce, make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Antimony and filings of Iron, each two ounces; Allum, Sal Armaeniack, Sulphur vive and Chal∣canthum, each an ounce and an half; Verdigreese and Orpi∣ment, and Quick-silver, each an ounce; strong Vinegar, and

Lye of Barbars, with Lime each two ounces: calcine them in a Potters vessel, and keep the Pouder close stopt in a Glass.

Anacardine Honey anoynted doth the same.

Or Oyl of Sulphur, Tartar, Vitriol, with Liquor or up∣on a Plaster.

If nothing wil help, cut or burn away the flesh.

My Caustick doth it wel and quickly.

We have mentioned compound Ulcers with tumors and Pustles, we shal speak now of such tumors as do presently follow both Wounds and Ulcers when the tumor is red, as Phlegmonous erysipelated and Oedamatous Ulcers.

Phlegmonous or erysipelated Ul∣cers or Wounds which are so from flux of Blood caused by pain or the like, * 1.563 must be so ordered that blood be first revelled as we shewed in a Phleg∣mon.

Then use repelling Defensatsives about the Ulcers and after Digesters as in a Phlegmon.

The Driers that are put into Wounds or Ulcers must first cool, also as in the Repellers in Phlegmon such as have Litharge, Cadmia, Ceruss.

Or thus against Inflammation and Ulcer. Take Juice of Dogstongue, Plantane, Willow, Night shade, or Housleeke, four ounces, Juice of Pomegranates, an ounce, Vinegar, half an ounce, Oyl of roses or Myrrtles, three ounces, Ceruse half an ounce, Lead burnt and washt, two drams, Camphire half a dram, with Turpentine make an oyntment.

You may use dryers onely when the Inflammation is gone.

The black Cerot of Vigo. Take Litharge, red Lead earths, Rossin, Camphire, Oyls, and Greases, with Poplar oynt∣ments, wine of Pomegranates, Decoction of Myrtles, Barley, Plantane, Nightshade, wood-lime.

In Gun-shot, this Plaster is good at the first. Take Bole two ounces, Sanguis Draconis, an ounce, Ceruse, or Lith∣arge, halfe an ounce, Barley meal an ounce and half, pouder of Earthwormes, half an ounce (especially if the Nerves be hurt) dried Centaury two drams, Sewet dissolved in oyl of Roses an ounce, with Turpentins, make a plaster, you may add white Diachylon to it.

Or this, Take Juyce of Plantane, Nightshade, Housleek, tach an ounce, Vinegar half an ounce, Oyl of Violets, Roses, water-Lillies, and Turpentine, each an ounce; boyl them till the Juices be consumed, add the Pouders of the Plaster a∣fore mentioned.

Against a Prick with a Thorn. Take Juyce of Plantane, Shepherds-purse, Nightshade, Oyl of Roses, each four ounces; boyl them till the Juices be consumed; add Litharge, Ce∣ruse, Cadmia, of both sorts, each half an ounce; Lead burnt and washed, Scales of Brass, each two drams; with Turpentine six ounces and an half.

In an Inflammation of the Puncture of a Nerve, use this Plaster. Take Barley and Lentil Meal, each two ounces; Bean or Lupine, or Orobus flower, each an ounce, boyl them in wine Vinegar and Honey, or Oxymel to a plaster. Then add things against pain, and proper for a Punctures as was there shewed.

For Ulcers of the Leggs with Erysipelas, use Unguent of Roses, Turpentine, and yolks of Eggs, with Oyntment of Line.

Against Pain in Ulcers or Wounds, from Inflammation, or Medicines, you must use Anodynes round about, as in Inflammations, as that of Cow Dung, and Narcoticks if need be. In the Puncture of a Nerve, wee shewed what was to be done against pain from thence.

If there be fear from the Puncture of a Nerve of a Con∣vulsion, as often there is, it is good, to prevent Death, to cut in the place pricked or a little above.

If a wound or Ulcer be Oedematous, we must labour to drye up the Moisture about them which causeth tumor, * 1.564 with the strong∣est driers, and then apply about things, a∣gainst the Oedema.

A Gangreen is the Beginning of the Corruption of a Member: * 1.565 and is hardly cured. Sphacelus is a perfect mortification so that the part is dead, and must be cutt of, least it insect the quick, and cause death.

While there is any hope, and there is Pain and Sense scarrifie quickly, with many and deep Scarrifications.

Or use Horsleeches, or apply them after Scarification.

Let the part scarified be fomented with hot water thrice a day.

Or with strong lye of Barbers of Decoction of Lupines, or Lye of Fig-tree ashes.

Or with Sea, or other Salt water.

The Chyrurgeons use suddain Fomentations before or after Scarification, as follows. Take roots of Briony, Rad∣dish, each two ounces; Leavs of Galeopsis, and ground Ivy, each a handful; Juniper topps a pugil, boyl them in Wine, add Vinegar for a Fomentation with Syrups.

In a Gangreen in the Privities, foment with Decoction of Mugwort, Wormwood, Violets, Strawberries, Althaea, in Wine, it hath made the Corrupt Part fall from the Sound.

Or Take ground Ivy, and Juniper topps, boyled in Milk it is a rare experiment.

Dioscorides useth boyled Coleworts, with Honey or Let∣tice beaten with Meal of Darnel.

Old Wallnutts, or the green Rinds, are also good.

Or Galeopsis and Briony roots and all.

Or Agrymony and Roses beaten with Vinegar, of Raddishes and Salt.

Or flower of Orobus, Darnell Pease, Barley, with Ho∣ney and Salt.

Or this Cataplasine. Take Meal of Lupines, Lentils, Beans, six ounces, Pomegranate peels two drams, dryed Roses a dram, Bole, Myrrh, each half an ounce; Salt an ounce, Juyce of VVormwood, or Nettles, ground Ivy, or Pomegranates three ounces, Vinegar an ounce, with Honey and Turpentine, and three Yolks of Eggs, and Oyl of Nutts, or Roses, that it dry not to soon.

Or add to the residence of the Decoction, for a Fomen∣tation, Old Wallnutts kernells an ounce and half, Meal of O∣robus and Pease, each two ounces, Honey an ounce and half, Salt half an ounce; make a Pultis.

Unctious things as Oyls and Oyntments are not so good, for they cause putrefaction, except it be a little to di∣gest and keep the Pultis moist. An experienced Plaster is made of Savin pouder, with Leaven, oyl of Lineseed, Nuts or Yolks of Eggs, or of Tartar.

After washing, lay on Aegyptiacum with Allum.

Use Causticks as Milk of spurge, if putrefaction con∣tinue.

Or mix Arsenick, with the Pouder of Mans Bones and Mandrake roots are added, to prevent Pain, I suppose o∣thers add roots of five leaved Grasse.

After the foul flesh is gone from the sound, cure it as a wound.

You may use strong cleansers, and that take of flesh mentioned in excrescent Ulcers.

When the Bones are corroded Ca∣reous or black, * 1.566 there is Cares or rot∣tenness of them in evil deep and hol∣low Ulcers that reach to the Bones and defile them, and it hinders cure of the Ulcer and hurts the member if it con∣tinue. To take it away at first you must thrust medi∣cines to the bottom of the Ulcer, opening it first, if it be strait by a dry tent, which when it is moistened from the wound will swel and dilate it, as with a Gentian root, which also clenseth, or with a spunge bound hard, first take a Suppository or the like, or open it by cutting.

This done put in Clensing medicines and Cathereticks or Eaters that wil take away corruption from bones as wel as corrupt flesh.

The chief Scaler of a Bone is Oyl of Vitriol and Anti∣mony, Aqua fortis and Aqua Regia, all these I have used

with happy success in foul bones and venemous Ulcers with foulness of bones, and in the French Pox.

But if this cannot be taken off, as when there is rough∣ness upon the bone, we lay the bone bare and make it e∣ven with a sharp Instrument for that purpose, or we cut off that which is above til the bone be smooth and clean again.

Somtimes we burn the foul bone with actual Cauterys and then the burnt part fall off, from the sound of it self. This is done in divers parts where the bone is foul, and also in the end of the Fingers where the bones use sud∣denly to be corrupted by Paronychia or Fellon, it must be done presently that the foul joynt being taken away the next may be preserved.

This done, and the Bone made clean, you may cure the Ulcer with its proper Remedies, as the nature thereof re∣quireth.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Offence of the Sight or Hearing. The Insuavity of the Smelling or Tasting.
• * 1.2

  Splendor or Bright∣ness causeth the of∣fence of Sight.
• * 1.3

  Noyse hurts the Hearing.
• * 1.4

  A Stink hurts the Smelling.
• * 1.5

  An evil Relish is the cause of Insuavity.
• * 1.6

  Continual Feavers.
• * 1.7

  Simple conti∣nual Feavers.
• * 1.8

  The pure Feaver, is a kind of conti∣nual Feaver.
• * 1.9

  Ephemera, is a kind of pure conti∣nual Feaver.
• * 1.10

  The Pestilent Feaver, is a sort of the con∣tinual Feavers
• * 1.11

  A Putride Fea∣ver, is a short con∣tinual.
• * 1.12

  An inordinate Synochus, Quo∣tidian, or Quar∣tan, is a kind of continual Pu∣trid Feaver.
• * 1.13

  Synochus, a sort of pu∣trid continual Feaver.
• * 1.14

  Causos is a kind of putrid continual Feaver. Leipyria is a kind of Causos.
• * 1.15

  A swooning Fea∣ver is a kind of continual putrid.
• * 1.16

  A melting burning Feaver is a kind of Causon.
• * 1.17

  A putrid malignant Feaver is a sort of a Continual Feaver.
• * 1.18

  The English Sweat is a sort of putrid malignant and Con∣tinual Feaver.
• * 1.19

  The Hectick Feaver is a kind of Conti∣nual.
• * 1.20

  Marasmodes is a Hectick.
• * 1.21

  Compound con∣stant Feavers.
• * 1.22

  A Feaver compound of a putrid and a Hectick.
• * 1.23

  A putrid Feaver mixed with an intermitting is a semi-tertian.
• * 1.24

  Epiala a sort of semi-tertian.
• * 1.25

  A swooning Feaver is a sore of Jemi-tertian.
• * 1.26

  An Intermitting Feaver com∣pounded with an Hectick.
• * 1.27

  Accompanied constant Feavers
• * 1.28

  An Ephemera with an external Inflammation.
• * 1.29

  A pure Synochus and Carbuncle with an ex∣ternal Eryfipelas.
• * 1.30

  An Ephemer, pure Synochus, Pestilen∣eial, or venemous, joyned with a Car∣buncle.
• * 1.31

  An Anthrax or Car∣buncle may be with a pure, or putrid, or malignant pestilent Feaver.
• * 1.32

  A Feever, Synochus putrid and malig∣nant accompanies the small Pox.
• * 1.33

  A Synochus pure, putrid, malignant, pestilent, or vene∣mous is joyned with the Measles.
• * 1.34

  The Tysick ac∣companies a He∣ctick Feaver.
• * 1.35

  Cachexy, or evil habit joyned with a gentle Feaver.
• * 1.36

  A gentle Feaver from the Retention of foul humors, or the like.
• * 1.37

  Intermitting Feavers.
• * 1.38

  An intermit∣ting Tertian.
• * 1.39

  An intermit∣ting Quartan.
• * 1.40

  An intermit∣ting Feaver.
• * 1.41

  A double Ter∣tian. Triple Quar∣tan. Double Quar∣tan.
• * 1.42

  A Quintan, or Sex∣tan Feaver.
• * 1.43

  An Ague, in High∣dutch called Kalt∣wee or Frierer.
• * 1.44

  A swounding feaver, is a sort of intermitting Feaver.
• * 1.45

  A hot distemper is the cause of all Feavers.
• * 1.46

  In all Feavers the whol body is the seat of the hot di∣stemper.
• * 1.47

  A pure heat is the cause of pure or not putrid Feavers.
• * 1.48

  Heat of blood and spi∣rits coming to the heart is thecause of pure con∣tinual Feavers. Heat remaining in the vessels causeth solitary Feavers.
• * 1.49

  Inflamation of the Blood, or Spirits, (from an external cause) in the Vessels may cause an Ephe∣mora.
• * 1.50

  A sanguine Synoch, is caused by blood and spirits inflamed in the Vessels from an ex∣ternal cause.
• * 1.51

  A cholerick Synoch, is caused by Instama∣tion of Blood and spirits in the Ves∣sels, from an external cause.
• * 1.52

  A Synoch which de∣generateth, is caused by Inflamation of blood and spirits in the Vessels of an unclean body.
• * 1.53

  The cause of pure Symptomatical ac∣companied Feavers, is a hot disease that enflames the blood and spirits.
• * 1.54

  A Disease of Blood, is the cause of Ephe∣mera, or Synoch. Or, Symptomatical Fea∣vers.
• * 1.55

  A cholerick disease is the cause of the symptomatical Fea∣ver of the Ephemera or Synochus.
• * 1.56

  Some Blood inflamed & sent out of the ves∣sels into other parts causeth a Synoch pri∣mary & accompanied
• * 1.57

  The effusion of infla∣med blood into the in∣ward pars is the cause of Synochus accompa∣nied with Inflamma∣tion of the Bowels.
• * 1.58

  Inflamed blood sent into the habit of the body causeth a Synoch, these inflammations are red and painful.
• * 1.59

  Inflamed blood in a Feaver sent to the su∣perficies of the body is the cause of Synoch with a Botch, Erysipe∣las, smal Pox, Mea∣sles or Carbuncle.
• * 1.60

  A putrid heat causeth putrid Feavers.
• * 1.61

  Foulness of blood in the vessels continu∣ed to the Heart is the cause of putrid continual Feavers.
• * 1.62

  Corruption of blood in the hollow Vein near the Heart, is the cause of putrid Sy∣noch, causon, Leipy∣ria.
• * 1.63

  Blood corrupted in the hollow Vein remote from the heart, is the cause of a Synoch exas∣perated.
• * 1.64

  A Portion of putrid blood which causeth a putrid Feaver, sent from the hollow Vein into other parts caus∣eth continual Feavers accompanied with o∣ther Diseases.
• * 1.65

  Corruption of blood in the great Artery causeth a burning Feaver.
• * 1.66

  Corruption of tem∣perate blood in the Vessels, is the cause of a putrid Synoch.
• * 1.67

  Corruption of hot blood in the Vessels causeth a burning Feaver.
• * 1.68

  Corruption of hot blood in the hollow Veins and Arteries near the Heart causeth a melting Feaver.
• * 1.69

  Corruption of blood in the meseraicks, is the cause of inter∣mitting putrid Fe∣vers.
• * 1.70

  Corruption of thin blood in the Mesaraicks caus∣eth an intermitting Tertian exquisite when pure. Nothus or Bastard tertian when impure.
• * 1.71

  Corruption of thick blood in the Mesara∣causeth an intermit∣ting quartan, or sex∣tan exquisite or No∣thus as the mater is pure or impure.
• * 1.72

  The cause of a double tertian or triple quar∣tan, or confused, is when thin blood putri∣fieth in one place and thick in another place of the Mesaraicks.
• * 1.73

  Asemi tertian is caus∣ed by corrnption of blood in the Mesara∣icks and vessels conti∣nued to the Heart, at the same time.
• * 1.74

  Corruption out of the Vessels is the cause of gentle symp∣tomatical Feavers.
• * 1.75

  Corruption of some humors out of the vessels causeth gentle symptomatical Fea∣vers.
• * 1.76

  Corruption of some parts causeth gentle symptomatical Fea∣vers.
• * 1.77

  Corruption of pre∣ternatural bodies causeth lingring symptomatical Fe∣vers.
• * 1.78

  A malignant pu∣trid heat causeth putrid malignant Fevers.
• * 1.79

  Corruption of blood in the vessels that go to the Heart causeth pu∣trid malignant conti∣nual Fevers and of di∣vers sorts, from the same causes as other putrid Fevers are divers
• * 1.80

  A malignant heat is the only cause of malig∣nant Fevers.
• * 1.81

  Inflaming poyson is the cause of malignant vene∣mous Fevers.
• * 1.82

  Pestilent Poy∣son causeth Ma∣lignant Pestilent Feavers.
• * 1.83

  Heat fixed in the Body, is the cause of Hect∣ickes.
• * 1.84

  The Cure of an Ephemeral Fever
• * 1.85

  The Cure of a Sy∣noch not putrid.
• * 1.86

  The Cure of Con∣stant putrid Fe∣vers.
• * 1.87

  The Cure of con∣tinual putrid Fe∣vers.
• * 1.88

  The Cure of in∣termitting putrid Feavers.
• * 1.89

  The Cure of con∣tinual putrid Fe∣vers.
• * 1.90

  The preventing and cure of the Plague.
• * 1.91

  The Cure of vene∣mous Feavers.
• * 1.92

  The Cure of a Hectick fe∣ver.
• * 1.93

  The Cure of double or tre∣ble putrid fe∣vers.
• * 1.94

  The Cure of a Semi-terti∣an.
• * 1.95

  The Cure of a Hectick joyned with a putrid Fever.
• * 1.96

  The preventing and curing of Synochs & Ephemeal Fevers that produce Botches and Erysipelas.
• * 1.97

  The Cure of Fevers coming from exter∣nal Inflammations.
• * 1.98

  The Cure of Feavers that produce inter∣nal Inflama∣tions.
• * 1.99

  The Cure of Synochs putrid, malignant, or pestilential, which produce Meazles or small Pox.
• * 1.100

  The Cure of pure Synochs and of pu∣trid Malignant fe∣vers, which produce the Botch or Car∣buncle.
• * 1.101

  The Cure of ling∣ring or Hectick Fevers which are joyned with Phthi∣sick and Cathexy.
• * 1.102

  The Cure of ling∣ring Fevers rising from a dead Child, After-birth, or con∣gealed Blood.
• * 1.103

  Cephalalgia, or the Head-ach cal∣led Soda by the Arabians.
• * 1.104

  Heaviness of the Head is a kind of Cephalalgia.
• * 1.105

  Cephalaea.
• * 1.106

  Hemicrania.
• * 1.107

  The part affected.
• * 1.108

  A hot diflemper of the Brain caus∣eth Head-ach.
• * 1.109

  Vapors going to the Head cause Head∣ach.
• * 1.110

  Bloood in the Head causeth Cephalalgia.
• * 1.111

  A cold distemper of the Brain caus∣eth Head-ach.
• * 1.112

  Distention and Twitching in the Brain is the cause of Head-ach.
• * 1.113

  A quality which is an enemy to the brain causeth Head-ach.
• * 1.114

  Weakness of the Brain or a dispo∣sition to suffer causeth head-ach
• * 1.115

  A fault in the Or∣gan or part caus∣eth Head-ach.
• * 1.116

  The Cure of Cepha∣lalgia Cephalaea or Hemicrania of what cause soever.
• * 1.117

  The cure of a pain coming from the ill fashion of the Head.
• * 1.118

  Itching, Pricking, or contraction of the Eye alone without other sign.
• * 1.119

  A false Oph∣thalmy or pain in the Eye.
• * 1.120

  Xenophthalmy is a kind of false Oph∣thalmy.
• * 1.121

  Epiphora is a kind of Pseudophthalmy. Taraxis or Bleard∣eyedness.
• * 1.122

  Sclerophthalmy a kind of Epiphora.
• * 1.123

  Xerophthalmy, is a kind of false Ophthalmy.
• * 1.124

  A true Oph∣thalmy.
• * 1.125

  Chymosis a sort of Oph∣thalmy.
• * 1.126

  Agilops.
• * 1.127

  The blisters in the Eyes.
• * 1.128

  Roughness in the Eyes.
• * 1.129

  Scabs of the Eyes.
• * 1.130

  Dry Lippitude called Xeroph∣thalmia.
• * 1.131

  Ulcers in the great corner of the Eyes.
• * 1.132

  A malignant Ulcer in the great corner of the Eye.
• * 1.133

  The weeping Fistula in the great corner of the Eye.
• * 1.134

  Ulcers in the ball of the Eye.
• * 1.135

  Epicauma and Condy∣loma, what.
• * 1.136

  Worms in the Eyes.
• * 1.137

  A hot cold or dry distemper causeth itching or pric∣king in the Eye.
• * 1.138

  Dryness caus∣eth roughness of of the Eye.
• * 1.139

  A hot distemper with a Flux of blood, is the cause of an Ophthalmy not true.
• * 1.140

  Inflammation of the Eye caus∣eth a true Oph∣thalmy.
• * 1.141

  Inflammation of the great cor∣ner of the Eye is the cause of Agilopy.
• * 1.142

  A Flux of water to the Eye, causeth itching and Epiphora.
• * 1.143

  Vapors cause Convulsion, or Contraction of the Eyes.
• * 1.144

  Twitching of the Eye causeth itching rough∣ness Ophthalmy and Epiphora.
• * 1.145

  Solution of conti∣tuity, if manifest, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the cause of blad∣ders, roughness, Ul∣cers, Fistulaes and wounds in the Eyes.
• * 1.146

  Rhyas, is the consuming of the little bitt of flesh in the Eye.
• * 1.147

  Prognoflicks in all Eye sores.
• * 1.148

  All kinds of Eye-sores as Itching, Puncture, Ophthalmy true or false, Aegilops, Rough∣ness, Scabs, Ulcers, Wounds, Fistulae's are cured by taking a∣way the Cause.
• * 1.149

  Topicks in all kind of sore Eyes.
• * 1.150

  The Cure of itch∣ing or pricking in the Eye.
• * 1.151

  The Cure of Contraction in the Eye.
• * 1.152

  The Cure of true and false Ophthalmy.
• * 1.153

  The Cure of an Aegi∣lops.
• * 1.154

  The Cure of Epiphora.
• * 1.155

  The Cure of the Bladder in the Eye.
• * 1.156

  The cure of rough∣ness, and taking off the Tunicle of the Eye.
• * 1.157

  The cure of an ul∣cer in the Eye.
• * 1.158

  The Cure of an ulcer in the corner of the Eyes.
• * 1.159

  The Cure of the weeping Fistula.
• * 1.160

  The Cure of Wounds in the Eyes.
• * 1.161

  Itching of the Ears.
• * 1.162

  A pricking, bea∣ting, shooting and burning in the Ears.
• * 1.163

  The place affected.
• * 1.164

  A hot distemper causeth itching in the Ears.
• * 1.165

  A cold distem∣per causeth pain in the Ears.
• * 1.166

  A Malignant quality causeth pain of the Ears.
• * 1.167

  Provoking or rubbing caus∣eth itching of the Ears.
• * 1.168

  Stretching in the Ears, caus∣eth pain.
• * 1.169

  A wound or other hurt causeth pain in the Ears.
• * 1.170

  The Cure of itch in the Ears from a distemper.
• * 1.171

  The Cure of Inflammation in the Ears.
• * 1.172

  The Cure of Impost∣humes in the Ears af∣ter Inflammation.
• * 1.173

  The Cure of an Ul∣cer of the Ear after an Imposthume.
• * 1.174

  The Cure of worms in the Ears.
• * 1.175

  The Cure of pain in in the Ear from a cold distemper and distension.
• * 1.176

  The Cure of pain in the Ear from malignity.
• * 1.177

  The Cure of pain of the Ears and Itching from Irritation or Provocation.
• * 1.178

  The Cure of a pain of the Ear by a wound.
• * 1.179

  Itching or tickling in the Nose.
• * 1.180

  Burning in the Nose.
• * 1.181

  An ulcerous pain in the Nose.
• * 1.182

  The Irritation of the Nostrils, caus∣eth itching and tickling.
• * 1.183

  A hot distemper and Inflammation of the Nostrils, is the cause of bur∣ning pain.
• * 1.184

  Excoriation, wound or ulcer, is the cause of ulcerous pain in the Nose.
• * 1.185

  Worms in the Nose.
• * 1.186

  The Cure of itching of the Nose from provocation.
• * 1.187

  The Cure of heat and Inflammation of the Nose.
• * 1.188

  The Cure of ulcers of the Nose.
• * 1.189

  The Cure of wounds in the Nostrils.
• * 1.190

  Roughness of Mouth and Tongue.
• * 1.191

  Pricking and bur∣ning of the Tongue, when no Disease ap∣peareth.
• * 1.192

  A heat alone or with Tumor and burning and somtimes with clefts and pustles of the Tongue and parts of the Mouth.
• * 1.193

  Frog under the Tongue.
• * 1.194

  The stone under the Tongue.
• * 1.195

  A pain in the Mouth and Tongue with an ulcer, excoriation or clifts.
• * 1.196

  Aphtha or Thrush called Alcola by the Arabians.
• * 1.197

  A Cancer in the Gums.
• * 1.198

  The Scurvy or Scrobute.
• * 1.199

  A Disease in the Nerves is the cause of pricking & burning of the Tongue with∣out an apparent Dis∣ease.

  A hot Distemper causeth heat only, but an Inflammati∣on causeth Swelling, Burning, Clefts, & Pustles in the Toung and other parts of the Mouth.
• * 1.200

  A Solution of Conti∣nuity is the cause of ulcerous pain with ex∣coriation, clefts, and ulcer in the Mouth & Tongue.
• * 1.201

  The Cure of heat & Inflammation of the Tongue, Jaws, Cheeks, and Palate.
• * 1.202

  The Cure of Pustles, Raw∣ness, clefts and ••••••ers of the Mo••th and Tongue.
• * 1.203

  Tooth-ach.
• * 1.204

  Tooth-ach in Children which breed Teeth.
• * 1.205

  Pain of the Teeth when a Tooth is drawn.
• * 1.206

  Numness of the Teeth cal∣led Haemodia.
• * 1.207

  The part affected.
• * 1.208

  A hot distemper and Inflammati∣on, causeth Tooth∣ach.
• * 1.209

  A cold distem∣per, causeth Tooth-ach.
• * 1.210

  Irritation or provoca∣tion, is the cause of Tooth-••ch.
• * 1.211

  Roughness of Teeth, causeth Haemodia, or an edge upon the Teeth.
• * 1.212

  Solution of continuity, causeth Tooth-ach.
• * 1.213

  The cure of Tooth-ach from a hot distemper or cold, or from flux of blood or flegm.
• * 1.214

  The Cure of the Toothach from a simple cold distem∣per.
• * 1.215

  The Cure of tooth∣ach from Irritati∣on, from teeth rot∣ten or bound.
• * 1.216

  The Cure of Haemodia or teeth on edge.
• * 1.217

  The Cure of Tooth-ach in children that breed them.
• * 1.218

  The Cure of pain from a tooth pul∣led out or drawn.
• * 1.219

  Roughness of the jaws. An irritation in the jaws.

  Falling the Gargareon U∣vula or Palate
• * 1.220

  A stretching pain in the jaws with difficulty of Breathing.
• * 1.221

  Paristhmia what.
• * 1.222

  An inflaming pain in the Jaws with difficulut Breathing. A true Quinsie or Cynanch.
• * 1.223

  Antiades
• * 1.224

  Uva or Uvula.
• * 1.225

  Consumption of the Roof.
• * 1.226

  The part affected.
• * 1.227

  Inflommation of the Jaws, Tonsils, Roof, is the cause of a trum Quinsie, the Antia∣des or Uvula.
• * 1.228

  The Inflammation of the Gullet and its Causes.
• * 1.229

  A defluxion into the Jaws, Tonsils, Pa∣late, is the cause of a Bastard Quinsie, fal∣ling of the Almonds, and Uvula.
• * 1.230

  An Ulcer in the Jaws Tonsils, or Almonds, Palate, Gullet, is the cause of an ulcerous pain and Consumpion of the Palate.
• * 1.231

  A Wound in the Jaws and Gullet, causeth an ulcer∣ous pain in them.
• * 1.232

  Praediction or Foretelling.
• * 1.233

  The Cure of a true and false Quinz••, Paristhmia, Uvula Columella, or Gulet inflam∣ed or swallow, by taking a∣way the Cause.
• * 1.234

  The Topicks for a true and false Quinsie.
• * 1.235

  The Cure of an Imposthume in the Quinsie.
• * 1.236

  Remedies for the Tonsils or Palate infla∣med, or for the Antiades or Uvula.
• * 1.237

  Topical Remedies for the Paristhmia or swelling of the Almonds.
• * 1.238

  Topical Remedies for the falling down of the Palate or Columella.
• * 1.239

  Topical remedies in the Inflamati∣on and Impost∣hume of the Gu∣let.
• * 1.240

  Topical remedies against an Ulcer after an Impost∣hume, in a Quin∣sie.
• * 1.241

  The Topical re∣medies for the Ulcers of the Al∣monds and Pal∣ate.
• * 1.242

  Topical Remedies for the rawness or excoriation of the Gullet.
• * 1.243

  A false Pleurisie.
• * 1.244

  A pricking pain.
• * 1.245

  A true Pleurisie.
• * 1.246

  Peripneumonia.
• * 1.247

  A Pleurisie differing from the rest.
• * 1.248

  The place affected.
• * 1.249

  Distension from Wind.
• * 1.250

  A Defluxion of Rheum is the cause of a false Pleurisie called Flegmatick.
• * 1.251

  Inflammation of the Lungs causeth a true Pleurisie and Perip∣neumony.
• * 1.252

  The Inflammation of the Tunicle is the Cause of the girding Plurisie.
• * 1.253

  The Prognesticks of a true Pleurisie and Peripneumony.
• * 1.254

  The Cure of a true Pleurisis and Perip∣neumony.
• * 1.255

  The Cure of a Pleuri∣sie, or Peripneumony, and the Pleurisie of the girding Membrane when they meet togeth∣er.
• * 1.256

  The Cure of the Pleurisie, which is only in the gird∣ing Membrane.
• * 1.257

  The cure of a false pleurisie of wind and water.
• * 1.258

  The pain of the Heart, is the pain of the Sto∣mach.
• * 1.259

  A compressing or stretching pain of the Heart.
• * 1.260

  A knawing pain of the Heart cal∣led Cardi∣ogmos.
• * 1.261

  Cordiaca Fainting.
• * 1.262

  Heart-burning.
• * 1.263

  Boyling of the sto∣mach, or burning.
• * 1.264

  Cardilaea.
• * 1.265

  Weakness of the stomach is called a disturbance of the Heart.
• * 1.266

  A hot stomach is called a di∣sturbance of the Heart.
• * 1.267

  The cause of Heart-ach is in the stomach.
• * 1.268

  A hot distem∣per of the sto∣mach, is the cause of heart∣ach.
• * 1.269

  Inflammation of the stomach is the cause of heart-burning
• * 1.270

  A cold distem∣per of the sto∣mach, causeth knawing of the Heart.
• * 1.271

  A stretching, heaviness, or a compression of the stomach, is the cause of a pressing and somtimes of a knawing pain in the Heart.
• * 1.272

  The inflation of the Stomach and the cause thereof.
• * 1.273

  Twitching of the Stomach, is the cause of the knawing of the Heart.
• * 1.274

  A strong irritation of the stomach is the cause of a knawing or burning pain of the Heart.
• * 1.275

  The Erysi∣pelas of the Stomach.
• * 1.276

  The weak consti∣tution of the Sto∣mach causeth the weakness thereof.
• * 1.277

  The hot consti∣tution of the sto∣mach, causeth the hot distem∣per.
• * 1.278

  The cause of pain of the Stomach, is in the Nerves.
• * 1.279

  The cause of Heart-knaw∣ing, is in the Colon.
• * 1.280

  The cause of pressing-pain is in the midriff.
• * 1.281

  The cure of in∣flammation of the stomach.
• * 1.282

  The cure of an Im∣posthume of the sto∣mach after Inflam∣mation.
• * 1.283

  The Cure of Car∣dialgia, from a cold Stomach.
• * 1.284

  The Cure of Cardi∣algia, from Desten∣tion, Inflammation, and aggravation of the Stomach, by Wind, Meat, Hu∣mor, Tumor or Bo∣wels adjacent, or outward injuries.
• * 1.285

  The Cure of Car∣dialgia, from twitch∣ing and tickling of the stomach.
• * 1.286

  The Cure of Cardi∣algia, from Irritati∣on, or provoking, or from things swallo∣wed, or from Medi∣cines, or from poyson bad Dyet, or evil hu∣mors.
• * 1.287

  The cure of weakness of the stomach from defect of Natural heat, distemper, cold, or moist actual cold, stretching, inflam∣mation, loosness, or o∣ther fault in the mem∣ber.
• * 1.288

  Diet for the weak∣ness of the stomach
• * 1.289

  Romedies fit for to cleanse the stomach.
• * 1.290

  Altering reme∣dies against the weakness of the stomach.
• * 1.291

  Remedies to be applied to alter the weakness of the stomach.
• * 1.292

  The cure of weakness of stomach from dryness.
• * 1.293

  The preserving of a hot to∣mach by Na∣ture, that it turn not to a Disease.
• * 1.294

  The cure of Car∣dialgia from the Nerves.
• * 1.295

  The cure of a cardialgia, from the co∣lick.
• * 1.296

  The cure of cardialgia, from the Midriff.
• * 1.297

  A heavy dull pain in the Hy∣pochondria.
• * 1.298

  The stone in the Kidneys is called Lithi∣asis.
• * 1.299

  A burning pain of the Hypochon∣dria, is from the Liver or Spleen.
• * 1.300

  A pricking pain in the Hypochon∣dria.

  The pain of the Spleen, falsly so called.
• * 1.301

  A cutting and stret∣ching pain in the Hy∣pochondria, is from pain of the Womb.
• * 1.302

  A twitching and grievous pain of the Hy∣pochondria.

  Nephritis or Stone in the Kidneys.
• * 1.303

  Inflammation of the Liver, Spleen, Reyns, is the cause of burning pain in the Hypochondria.
• * 1.304

  The obstruction of the Liver, Spleen, or Kidneys, causeth a blunt and heavy pain in the Hypo∣chondria.
• * 1.305

  A stone and sand in the Liver or Gall, is the cause of heavy and dull pain in the Hy∣pochondria.
• * 1.306

  The stone or sand in the kidneys, is the cause of hea∣viness in the Hy∣pochondria.
• * 1.307

  A Stone and Gravel in the Vreters, is the cause of Ne∣phritis
• * 1.308

  The stretching of the Perinaeum by wind, is the cause of a pric∣king pain in the Hy∣pochondria, Oedema, which some falsly call the pain of the spleen.
• * 1.309

  The stretching of the Cawle from the Ves∣sels and Bowels that are joyned to it, cau∣seth stretching or tea∣ring pain in the Hy∣pochondria.
• * 1.310

  A Disease in the stomach, causeth a Hypochondri∣ack pain.
• * 1.311

  The Colick causeth the Hypochondri∣ack pain.
• * 1.312

  The cure of heavy, dul or stretching pain from the Liver, Spleen, Reins or Cawle.
• * 1.313

  The cure of pains from the stomach, Colon, or Womb.
• * 1.314

  The cure of the Inflam∣mation of the Liver, Spleen and Kidneys.
• * 1.315

  The preventing, and curing of Gravel in the Kidneys.
• * 1.316

  The cure of the pricking pain, called the spleen but falsly.
• * 1.317

  Colick and Iliack-pain.
• * 1.318

  Torments.
• * 1.319

  Miserere mei, is a sort of Iliack∣pain.
• * 1.320

  A straining pain about the Blad∣der.
• * 1.321

  A hot pain about the Bladder.
• * 1.322

  Pain of the womb.
• * 1.323

  The pain after Child-bearing is a kind of womb-pain.
• * 1.324

  A pain after Child-pain, with Inflama∣tion.
• * 1.325

  The cause of the pain of the Belly from the Guts.
• * 1.326

  Stretching of the Guts causeth pain of the belly.
• * 1.327

  Plenty of Excre∣ments and wind in the Guts, cau∣seth pain.
• * 1.328

  Excrements and wind stopping in the windings of the Colon, cause the Colick.
• * 1.329

  Excrements re∣tained inthe cells of the Colon cause the Colick.
• * 1.330

  The Cause of the Iliack pas∣sion, is the stop∣page of the smal Guts.
• * 1.331

  Rowling together or tangling of the Guts causeth Con∣volvulus.
• * 1.332

  Refrigeration of the Guts causeth pain.
• * 1.333

  Inflammation of the Colon causeth the Colick.
• * 1.334

  The Inflamma∣tion of the thin Guts causeth Convolvulus.
• * 1.335

  A burning from choler in the Guts, causeth the Iliack pas∣sion.
• * 1.336

  The cause of the pain of the Belly, about the Bladder, is from the Blad∣der.
• * 1.337

  The cause of the destending pain of the Bladder is the stretching thereof.
• * 1.338

  The Inflamma∣tion of the Blad∣der, is the cause of the burning pain thereof.
• * 1.339

  The cause of pain in the Womb and the Vessels thereof.
• * 1.340

  The stretching of the bottom of the womb, causeth the pain after Child∣bearing.
• * 1.341

  The stretching of the vessels, is the usual cause of pain in the womb.
• * 1.342

  The Inflammation of the bottom of the womb, causeth the burning pain there∣of.
• * 1.343

  The Cancer of the womb.
• * 1.344

  The Inflammation of the womb after Child-bearing cau∣seth the second sort of pain after child-bearing.
• * 1.345

  The cure of the Colick & pain of the womb & Convolvulus, from stretching or cold.
• * 1.346

  The Cure of the Colick or Ili∣ack from Infla∣mation, Bur∣ning or Erysipe∣las.
• * 1.347

  The cure of the Iliack from Knots comming in the Guts.
• * 1.348

  The cure of the stretching pain of the Bladder and urin: and of pains after birth.
• * 1.349

  The cure of the inflam∣mation of the bladder and womb.
• * 1.350

  The pain of the Yard.
• * 1.351

  The pain of the Pri∣vities in Women.
• * 1.352

  The Inflammation of the womb.
• * 1.353

  The Cancer of the neck of the womb.
• * 1.354

  Condyloma in the Privities of women.
• * 1.355

  The ulcerous pain of the Womb.
• * 1.356

  Inflammation is the cause of burning pain in the womb.
• * 1.357

  An Ulcer in the womb is the cause of an ul∣cerous Pain.
• * 1.358

  The Cure of Inflam∣mation of the Womb.
• * 1.359

  The Cure of a Can∣cer in the womb.
• * 1.360

  The Cure of a Carci∣noma in the womb.
• * 1.361

  The Cure of Ul∣cers in the womb.
• * 1.362

  A burning and hot pain in the Funda∣ment.
• * 1.363

  The blind Hae∣morrhoides.
• * 1.364

  The Tumor called Condyloma in the Fundament.
• * 1.365

  An ulcerous Pain in the Fundament.
• * 1.366

  Inflammation is the cause of bur∣ning in the Fun∣dament.
• * 1.367

  An evil Humor is the cause of Condy loma in the Arse and Privities of Wo∣men.
• * 1.368

  An Ʋlcer or Wound in the Arse, causeth an Ʋlcerous pain.
• * 1.369

  The Cure of the blind He∣morrhoids.
• * 1.370

  The Cure of Condy loma in the Funda ment & Privities.
• * 1.371

  The Cure of In∣flammation of the Arse-hole.
• * 1.372

  The Cure of ul∣cers and wounds in the Funda∣ment.
• * 1.373

  Of Pains in the Habit of the Body which have pre∣vailing accidents that are greater then themselves.
• * 1.374

  Of painsin the Habit of the Body which are greater then their acci∣dents.
• * 1.375

  Of Pains in fleshy Parts.
• * 1.376

  Of Defluxions or Distillations in the Habit of the Body.
• * 1.377

  Pains in the Joynts, Ar∣thritis, or Joynt-gout.
• * 1.378

  The Sciatica, or Hip-gout.
• * 1.379

  Pain of the Homoplate, Podagra, Go∣nagra, Chira∣gra.
• * 1.380

  Pains about the Bones.
• * 1.381

  An external Cephalaea.
• * 1.382

  Clavus.
• * 1.383

  Outward Heavi∣ness of the Head.
• * 1.384

  The French Pox or Neopolitane.
• * 1.385

  The contagious French Pox.
• * 1.386

  Distention or Stretching, is the cause of pain, where o∣ther Symptoms are greater.
• * 1.387

  A Compression is the Cause of pain in which the Symptomes are greater.
• * 1.388

  Rupture is the cause of pain in the Her∣nia.
• * 1.389

  Distemper cau∣seth pain, with other Symptoms joyned.
• * 1.390

  Congestion of Hu∣mors causeth an ex∣ternal Head-ach.
• * 1.391

  Congestion of Hu∣mors, causeth out∣ward Heaviness. Congestion of Hu∣mors causeth the Joynt-gout.
• * 1.392

  A Defluxion of Humors, causeth the Joynt-gout and other pains.
• * 1.393

  An evil qua∣lity causeth the French Pox.
• * 1.394

  An evil ma∣lignant quality causeth external malignant Head ach.
• * 1.395

  A malignant Quality causeth a malignant gout.
• * 1.396

  A malignant quality is the cause of the run∣ing pain in the Cramp.
• * 1.397

  A malignant quality is the cause of pain in depraved Touching.
• * 1.398

  The Cure of pains in the Habit of the Body, when o∣ther accidents are greater.
• * 1.399

  The Cure of Head∣ach from Humors,
• * 1.400

  The Cure of Pains in the Habit of the Body which are greater then the accidents.
• * 1.401

  The Cure of Arthri∣tis from Congestion of Humors.
• * 1.402

  The Cure of external heaviness of the Head from congestion of hu∣mors.
• * 1.403

  The Cure of Pain in the Habit of the Body from wind.
• * 1.404

  Prognosticks in Defluxions in general, and in the Gout.
• * 1.405

  The preventing and curing of Defluxions, and Arthritis, and its Kinds.
• * 1.406

  A Diet to cure the Arthritis, and Defluxions.
• * 1.407

  The Cure of pre∣vention of De∣fluxions, and ar∣thritis by Eva∣cuations.
• * 1.408

  The preventing and curing of de∣fluxions, & Gouts by cutting and burning.
• * 1.409

  The preventing and the Cure of the Gout, and Defluxion, by things taken in.
• * 1.410

  The outward cure of Deflu∣xions, & Gouts and Preventi∣on.
• * 1.411

  The Cure of the French Pox.
• * 1.412

  The Cure of an outward Head∣ach from a ma∣lignant quality.
• * 1.413

  The Cure of a sort of ma∣lignant joynt Gout.
• * 1.414

  The Cure of pain coming from malig∣nity when feeling is depraved.
• * 1.415

  A tickling in the superficies of the body without any other dis••a∣ses apparent.
• * 1.416

  Itch.
• * 1.417

  Pain from heat.
• * 1.418

  Pain from cold.
• * 1.419

  Pains from tou∣ching of rough bodies. Pain from com∣pression and de∣stention.
• * 1.420

  Pain from Contu∣sion or bruise.
• * 1.421

  Erysipelas.
• * 1.422

  Holy Fire.
• * 1.423

  An Erysipelas with a Phlegmon
• * 1.424

  An ulcerated Erysipelas.
• * 1.425

  An oedematous Erysipelas.
• * 1.426

  Erysipelas in the legs of them which have the Dropsie Ascites.
• * 1.427

  Small Erysipelas.
• * 1.428

  The Humors in the Super∣ficies of the Body.
• * 1.429

  Phlogoses.
• * 1.430

  Phlegmon or Inflammation.
• * 1.431

  Phlegmon ery∣sipelated.
• * 1.432

  Phlegmon oede∣matous.
• * 1.433

  Tuberculut or Pustle.
• * 1.434

  Furunc••lus, Cla∣vus, or little Can∣ter.
• * 1.435

  Tumor from Con∣tusion.
• * 1.436

  Tumors in the Glanduls or Kernels.
• * 1.437

  Phygethlon. Panus. Phym••. Parotis.
• * 1.438

  Bubo venereal and pestilential.
• * 1.439

  Tumors in the Papps and Stones.
• * 1.440

  Tumors with Inflammati∣on of divers parts.
• * 1.441

  Paronychia Pannaritium
• * 1.442

  Fork or Grippelen.
• * 1.443

  Apostume or Impostume.
• * 1.444

  Exitura or outlet of the Chirurgi∣ons.
• * 1.445

  Canter.
• * 1.446

  Wolf or Noli me tangere.
• * 1.447

  A Cancer ulcerated.
• * 1.448

  Carcino∣ma.
• * 1.449

  Pustles in the superficies of the body.
• * 1.450

  The common moist itch and scab.
• * 1.451

  The Cruel scab called Agria or Fera, in Dutch Herbrolen.
• * 1.452

  Running Ʋlcers of the Head called Tinea, Achores or scald.
• * 1.453

  Favus.
• * 1.454

  Terminthus
• * 1.455

  Epinychtis.
• * 1.456

  Phlyctaenae.
• * 1.457

  Herpes Phly∣ctanodes.
• * 1.458

  The dry scab.
• * 1.459

  Prurigo or Cnismos.
• * 1.460

  The foul scab.
• * 1.461

  Greek Leprosy.
• * 1.462

  Papula or Herpes of the Greeks.
• * 1.463

  Herpes miliaris.
• * 1.464

  Holy or wild Fire.
• * 1.465

  Carbuncle, An∣thrax in Greek or Persian Fire.
• * 1.466

  The pestilential Anthrax.
• * 1.467

  Ʋlcers in the Su∣perficies of the Body.
• * 1.468

  Clefts and Fis∣ures called Rhagae.
• * 1.469

  Pernio or Chi∣metlon.
• * 1.470

  Excoriation or Intertrigo.
• * 1.471

  Burning.
• * 1.472

  Wounds in the Super∣ficies of the Body.
• * 1.473

  Plaga or Cut.
• * 1.474

  Puncture.
• * 1.475

  Gun-shot.
• * 1.476

  A comused Wound.
• * 1.477

  Uneven Cuts.
• * 1.478

  A Wound with a Phlegmon.
• * 1.479

  A Wound vlcerating.
• * 1.480

  A Wound with a Fra∣cture or bone-hurt.
• * 1.481

  Poysoned wounds.
• * 1.482

  Stinging.
• * 1.483

  Ulcers in the Su∣perficies of the body.
• * 1.484

  Simple sordid Ulcers plain and cavous.
• * 1.485

  A sinuous Ulcer.
• * 1.486

  Compound ulcers.
• * 1.487

  Growing ulcers without flesh.
• * 1.488

  Fistula.
• * 1.489

  Callous ulcers.
• * 1.490

  Ulcers of evil Habit.
• * 1.491

  Phlegmonous Ʋlcers.
• * 1.492

  Erysipelated oede∣matous Ʋlcers.
• * 1.493

  Corrupt Ulcers with water.
• * 1.494

  Paronychia ulcerated.
• * 1.495

  Foul ulcers.
• * 1.496

  A vermi∣nous ulcer.
• * 1.497

  Perverse ul∣cers. Eating Ul∣cers. Nomae.
• * 1.498

  Phagadaenica
• * 1.499

  Perverse Ulcers in the Leggs.
• * 1.500

  A varicous Ulcer.
• * 1.501

  A malignant pockie Ʋlcer. A Cancer in the Yard.
• * 1.502

  Leprous Ʋlcers.
• * 1.503

  Corruption in the supersicies of the body
• * 1.504

  Gangraene.
• * 1.505

  Sphacelus, Syderation.
• * 1.506

  Corrupt bones Caries.
• * 1.507

  Want of usual touching causeth tickling.
• * 1.508

  Cold causeth pain.
• * 1.509

  Heat causeth pain.
• * 1.510

  Dryness is the cause of pain from touching of rough things.
• * 1.511

  Dryness is the cause of clefts.
• * 1.512

  Blood flowing to the skin is the cause of Erysipelas and its kinds.
• * 1.513

  Flux of blood to the skin and flesh, caus∣eth Tnmors and In∣flammations.
• * 1.514

  Suppuration, causeth Impostumes.
• * 1.515

  Slidwasser, from a corrupt wound.

  Corruption of the part, causeth Gangren.

  Natural heat extinct, causeth a Sphacel.
• * 1.516

  Flux of blood upon the glandules, caus∣eth the Bubo, Pa∣rotis, Phygthlon, Phyma.
• * 1.517

  Flux of blood into other parts, caus∣eth Tumor and inflammaoions in them.
• * 1.518

  Pain is the cause of divers Tumors and Inflammatio∣ns.
• * 1.519

  External Heat causeth Erysi∣pelas, or Phleg∣mon, and their kinds.
• * 1.520

  Flux of Humors causeth pustles.
• * 1.521

  A pernicious and venemous quality, causeth the Cancer.
• * 1.522

  A pestilent Poy∣son causeth Car∣buncle and pesti∣lent Bubo.
• * 1.523

  Cholerick, salt, and sharp Humors cause the Scab, and cree∣ping Itch, Carbun∣cles, and Phlyctenae
• * 1.524

  Compression, Di∣stention, and Con∣iusion cause pain.
• * 1.525

  Friction is the cause of Scabs.
• * 1.526

  Outward Cuts, Pricks, Contu∣sions, cause Wounds.

  Of poysoned Wounds.
• * 1.527

  Corrosion of the skin.
• * 1.528

  Of Burning.
• * 1.529

  Biting or sting∣ing of venemous beasts.
• * 1.530

  The stinging of beasts causeth venemous wounds.
• * 1.531

  The Humors which cause ulcers that follow Impo∣sthumes, and are joyned with pustles.
• * 1.532

  Humors cause Fissures or Clefts
• * 1.533

  Humors that cause Tinea Favus or scald Head.
• * 1.534

  Humors that cause Corroding and Varicous Ulcers.
• * 1.535

  Malignant hu∣mors, cause Ma∣lignant Ulcers.
• * 1.536

  Cure of tickling.
• * 1.537

  Cure of itching.
• * 1.538

  The Cure of pain from cold.
• * 1.539

  The Cure of pain from heat.
• * 1.540

  The Cure of pain from touching of rough things.
• * 1.541

  The Cure of pain from compression and distention.
• * 1.542

  The Cure of Erysipelas and its kinds.
• * 1.543

  The Cure of divers sor••s of Inflammation.
• * 1.544

  The Cure of a Contusion with Inflammation, or with Tumor not inflamed.
• * 1.545

  The Cure of Bubo and Parotis, with Inflammation which is called Panus & Phyma.
• * 1.546

  The Cure of Inflammation of the Paps and Stones.
• * 1.547

  The Cure of Impostums.
• * 1.548

  The Cure of a Cancer.
• * 1.549

  The Cure of a Cancer ulcera∣ted.
• * 1.550

  The Cure of a simple An∣thrax or Car∣buncle pesti∣lent.
• * 1.551

  The Cure of Herpes milia∣ris and Esthi∣omenos.
• * 1.552

  The Cure of the com∣mon Scab, Itch, Scald, Terminthus, Epinyctis, Impetigo, Prurigo Psora and Greek Le∣prosie.
• * 1.553

  The Cure of Ulcers in general.
• * 1.554

  The cure of Abrasions of the Skin, Chaps, or Gall cal'd Intertri∣go, and of Fissures or Clefts, or Perniones, Kibes or Chiblanes.
• * 1.555

  The Cure of Wounds in divers parts, made by Cutts, Blows, or Gunshot.
• * 1.556

  The Cure of small Punctures in di∣vers parts, and in the Nerves.
• * 1.557

  The Cure of venemous and poisoned wounds Strokes and Bites.
• * 1.558

  The Cure of wounds une∣qually divided.
• * 1.559

  The Cure of plain, hollow, filthy, lousie, eating, sprea∣ding and ma∣lignant Ʋl∣cers.
• * 1.560

  The Cure of a Fistula.
• * 1.561

  The cure of a Callus ••lcer.
• * 1.562

  The Cure of an excrescent Ʋl∣cer.
• * 1.563

  The Cure of phleg∣monous and erysi∣pelated Ʋlcers.
• * 1.564

  The Cure of Oedematous Ulcers.
• * 1.565

  The Cure of a Gangreen.
• * 1.566

  The Cure of Caries or foulness of Bones