The cause of defect of Pissing, is either the matter, or Serum when it is not plentifully bred, or when it is car∣ried another way, or the passage hindered. Or from the instruments of Pissing, the Reyns or Kidnies in which the Urin is seperated from the blood, or ureters by which it goeth into the Bladder; or Bladder, which receiveth it, or the Neck thereof which voideth it.
If the Serum be produced in smal quantity, * 1.1 it is necessary that little and seldom Pissing do fol∣low; in people that drink little and are of a dry constitution, and use a drying Diet. * 1.2 But if part of the Serum, which should be attracted by the Kidneys, be carried to the habit of the Body; And there consumed with heat, or sent out by sweat, it comes to pass that they which sweat much Piss little. And this is also from a Diar∣rhaea, when the Whey, or Serum is voided by stool, in abundance, or from purging. And as this is Natural and hurts not, so it is preternatural, and a Disease when it is from obstruction of the Bowels, especially the Li∣ver which stops the Passage of the Serum: which being turned another way causeth the Dropsie ascites, * 1.3 in which there is little pissing. And if the Serum be not thin enough, but is hardly strained from the blood by the Kidneys, it causeth the same. This comes from things taken which thicken the blood and the Serum also; as red wine and the like, by use whereof we observe the Urin is lessened, and by the use of contraries, as hot Diure∣tikes, it is enlarged.
Pissing is seldom stopped from the cause in the Kid∣neys and Vreters; for the Kidneys being two, the one being hurt, the other will supply. But it is selsom seen that both Kidneys are afflicted with the Ureters which are remote from them, so that the Function perisheth: And it cannot be but from a great cause. As the Con∣sumption of the substance of both, as I saw once in an Anatomy; Or an obstruction in the beginning of the ureters, by matter or a stone in both together, * 1.4 which is seldom. Or, when in bur∣ning feavers both the ureters are dryed up, or when one ureter is wanting, or twisted and the other stopped, as I saw in an Anatomy. And if these be the Causes, and the Bladder empty, there is no pain from distention, nor desire to Piss.
There is seldom defect in pissing from the largness of the Bladder ex∣cept it be wounded, * 1.5 as in a Fisher that pissed from a hole in his Groyn and not from the Yard. Pissing is chiefly hindered from the Neck of the Bladder when it is obstructed, and this being a narrow passage is easily stopped, or straitned by cold, and then there is pain, or by out∣ward compression, with long sitting, or the like, in regard of the stoppage of that part between the Funda∣ment and the Yard, through which the Urin passeth in men. Or by inward compression by the streight Gut filled with Excrements or Wind. The same may come from Inflamation of the parts adjacent, or a great Tu∣mor. The Urin is most stopped when after long re∣tention, the Bladder is stretched much, and the Neck thereof so contracted that it cannot be opened: This is incident to them that sit long at banquets and are ashamed to rise and make water; or otherwise for want of a convenient place, stay so long that they cannot Piss. Doting people that are very contemplative forget Pissing and other Functions which de∣pend upon the will in part. * 1.6 Moreover in the Convulsion or twisting of the Neck of the Blad∣der, * 1.7 as we shewed in the convol∣vulus of the Guts, Urin may be wholly suppressed, as we shewed in the Fisherman whose bladder from a Rupture in the Groyn fel into the Cods, and lay stretched out and voided no Urin, but by a Cathe∣ter: while an ignorant Chyrurgion, let it out by cutting thereof, which gave ease to the patient, with great danger: from which being freed, he pisseth yet through a Fistula that remains, by drawing forth a tent wherewith it is stopped. If it come from obstructions of the Neck of the Bladder, * 1.8 it is a stone usually that stops it, if it be a great one, or a lit∣tle one that passeth into the Yard in men: As we shall shew in the pains of the Reines. A Caruncle or Callus, from an Inflamation not well cu∣red, * 1.9 being in the same passage causeth stoppage of Urin, as also Warts, and clotted blood and matter, though not of so long continuance other humors cannot cause it because that they come not to the Bladder, and if they do, * 1.10 they are so mixed with the Urin that they can get easily forth therewith.
When the Nerves of the Bladder are afflicted, and the sting is lost, the expulsive faculty acteth not, as it is the cause, as of not going to stool, so of not pissing. Also when there is no pricking of Urin and the Bladder is not ful, yet we may make water by pressing the blad∣der with the Muscles of the Belly: which cannot be in going to the stool, except the expulsive faculty help by our own will: because there is need of more force to send forth thick humors then Urin. Therefore though the bladder and its Neck and Sphincter be stupefied, yet Urin may be voided: as in the Palsie, and when the Sphincter is loosned there is involuntary pissing, be∣cause it is the office of that Muscle to retain, not expel the Urin.
But it is true that, if the Bladder be Stupified, we piss more seldom: as when it is of exquisite sense, more often. Because the expulsive faculty forceth out will to make water, as we shall shew in often Pissing.