The Scotch military discipline learned from the valiant Swede, and collected for the use of all worthy commanders favouring the laudable profession of armes: By Major Generall Monro, being novv generall of all the Scotch forces against the rebels in Ireland, communicates his abridgement of exercise, in divers practicall observations for the younger officers better instruction; ending with the souldiers meditations going on in service.

MONRO HIS EXPEDITION, AND OBSERVATIONS.

The first Dutie discharged in Holsten at Crempe.

[ A]

THE old Proverb is, A good beginning makes a good ending, and to lead a good life, is the way to a happie death. Immediatly after our landing at Loughstad on the Elve, by command of his Majestie of Denmarke, we were quartered in the fat and fertile soyle of Holsten, nothing inferiour in fertilitie to any part of Dutchland, except in Wines, having Corne in abundance, to the in∣crease Communibus Annis of the twentie eight Corne, Wheat and Barly: in milke, nothing in∣feriour to Holland, and for the most part inhabited by Hollanders, especially the Cities. This Soyle hath also abundance of fresh and salt-water fishes; their Gentry live like Noble men; and their Communaltie live like Gentle∣men. During our enquartring with them, our entertainment was answer∣able to our charges, where some Officers had allowance of a peece a day for keeping good Order. Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse had the Com∣mand over the Regiment in the absence of the Colonell, being hindred by sick∣nesse. Shortly after our going over, the Lievtenant Colonell departed this life, being a Gentleman of much true worth, and a valourous Commander, much regrated by the whole Regiment. Immediatly after his death, Cap∣taine Sanders Seaton was by his Majesties Patent made Lievtenant Colo∣nell to the Regiment, who did bring a strong Company of well exercised Souldiers, which were joyned to strengthen the Regiment. Captaine Iames Dumbarre, who did get Lievtenant Colonell Forbesse his Company, was pla∣ced Sergeant Major, Captaine Sinclaire, Captaine Boswell, and Captaine Ennis Companies were reduced to strengthen the other Companies of the Regi∣ment, which being made complete, were mustred, cloathed, and payd of their muster-moneth. Who then would disdaine to follow warres, might be thought unwise. The Baron of Fowles comming over a voluntier, was al∣lowed a free Table to entertaine an Earle, being ordinarily above sixteene persons at Table; his Visitors, horses and servants entertained accordingly.

The Regiment mustered received colours, wherein his Majestie would have the Officers to carry the Danes crosse, which the Officers refusing they were summoned to compeare before his Majestie at Raynesberge, to know the reasons of their refusalls; at the meeting none would adventure, fearing his Majesties indignation, to gainestand openly his Majesties will, being then his Majesties sworne Servants: and for the eschewing of greater inconveni∣ence, the Officers desired so much time of his maiestie, as to send Captaine Robert Ennis into England, to knowe his Majestie of Great Britaines will, whe∣ther or no, they might carrie without reproach the Danes Crosse, in Scottish colours: answere was returned; they should obey their will, under whose pay they were, in a matter so indifferent.

During the tedious winter, the Regiment was well exercised, and put un∣der good discipline, as well the particular companies, as the whole Regi∣ment, so that mine eyes did never see a more complete Regiment, for bodies of men, and valiant souldiers; as shall be seene in the discharge of their du∣ties, begun with the sheding of Duch-bloud.

A Duch captaine, having out of a mad humour mutilated a souldier of my Captaines company of one finger. The souldier complaining to me, I made my Lievtenant-colonell acquainted with the manner, who sent to the Captaine to know his reason; The Captaine, not repenting of the wrong done, but rather bragging he would second the first, with a greater: he com∣ming through my Quarters, I being exercising the company, the Sergeant o∣vertakes him, and almost kill'd him, who made no defence, neither pressed ever to be repaired of his wrongs. This duty begun with the shedding of Duch-bloud by one of my name, and kindred. In the continuance of the sto∣rie, you shall heare much bloud shed, of all Nations in Europe, and of ours not the least. But of my freinds, and myne, too much.

The first Observation.

THE land of Holsten full of prosperitie at this time, having all things in a golden swimme, and waving carelesly in a swallowing plentie, having her heart full of pleasures, disdaining what was to come, ruine seazed vpon this land within six months, after our rising from quarters, to our first expe∣dition, towards the Waser streame. At our comming into the land, the prou∣dest sort of them, disdained souldiers, saying, they had no neede of strangers, they were sufficiently able themselves to hold out the Emperors forces, their passes were strong, their power in Armes were mightie of Horse and foote, as any Province in Germanie; notwithstanding whereof, in a short time, they felt the wrath of Heaven, and were ruinated in the middest of their fortunes. I wish my Country, by a timely prevention to avoide the like, by suspect∣ing the smooth streame, being ordinarily deepest; lest they should become subject unto their enemies, their land wasted with fire, and sword, their buil∣dings, and plantings destroyed, their riches, and Iewels made spoyle of, their wives abused, and their daughters deflowred, themselves banished, and their Religion persecuted; in so much that their Pastors flying to the Altar for re∣fuge, were cruelly put to death. Since therefore their enemies are our ene∣mies, we ought to beware.

We ought also not to deny our betters in things indifferent, lest the askers love waxe drie, and his revenge grow great: for to a generous spirit, as it is

hard to begge, so it is harsh to be denyed. Our Officers refusing to carrie the the Danes Crosse in their colours, disobliged his Majestie so farre, by their denialls of a thing indifferent, that after the death of our worthy Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse, Lievetennant-Colonell Seaton was preferred a∣gainst the Officers wills, who once placed, would refuse nothing unto his Majestie he would command.

By his Majesties authoritie, against the Colonells will, Captaine Duncan Forbesse, and Captaine Iohn Forbesse, for alleaged insufficiencie, were put off their command, and their companies given to others, whom his Majestie fa∣voured. But time that alters all things, having favoured them, they were re∣stored to their companies againe.

When we have good dayes we slight them, when they are gone, we sinke under the wring of sorrow, for their losse; and want teacheth vs the worth of things more truely: and it is a true saying, Blessings appeare not, till they bee vanished. Our Officers that were discontented under the King of Denmarke without reason, having had both good quarters, and money, there after in o∣ther services would have been contented with lesse. We ought then, [ B] to make use of the present, preserving that we have, and if it goe, to grieve as little, as we may: yet we ought to owe a deare respect to the memorie of the good we lost.

Certainly, a good resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare; that can defend him against all the unwelcome frownes, that the poore world puts vpon him: with this, we can be servants as well as Lords, and have the same inward pleasantnesse in the checkes of fortune, that we car∣ried in her softest smiles; It was Zantippe's observation, that she ever found So∣crates returne with the same countenance, that he went abroad withall. I wish no man so spiritlesse, as to let all abuses presse the dulnesse of a willing shoul∣der: for resolution is alwayes necessary in the waine of fortune, to save vs from discontentments, that usually deject us. A wise man makes the trouble lesse by fortitude, when a foole stoupes to it. The world hath nothing so glorious as vertue, which is like the passage of Haniball over the Alpes, a worke of trying toyle, of infinite danger, but once performed, it lets him in unto the worlds Garden, Italy leaving him a lasting fame.

My Chiefe and cosen, the Baron of Fowles, being in his travels in France a li∣tle prodigall in his spending, redacted his estate to a weake point, being ad∣vised by his friends timely to looke to the wounds of his house and family, and to foresee the best cure to keep burthen off his estate, having engaged his Revenewes, for teene yeares, to pay his Creditors, he went beyond sea a vo∣luntier to Germanie with Mac-Keyes Regiment, well accompanyed with a part of his neerest friends: and having the patience to attend his fortune, his first employment was to be a Captaine of a company of Scots souldiers, lea∣vied by himselfe, and there after advanced to be a Colonell of horse & foot of strangers, under the invincible King of Sweden of worthy memorie.

Thus farre of the Barron of Fowles in my first observation, [ B] to animate o∣ther Cavaliers borne of lesse fortunes to follow his vertues in being patient, though their preferments come not at first, loving vertue for her end.

Here also we see by the example of the Dutch Captaine formerly spoken of, that pride in a noble nature is as rare to be found, as humilitie in an unwor∣thy minde; and arrogancie is a weede that ever growes in a dunghill, and no circumstance can make the expression of pride laudable: for the affronting

man by his owne follie, [ B] should be taught the way to his duetie, as the Dutch Captaine was, who, out of his pride and arrogancie, would second a first wrong with contempt, was taught humilitie, in so much, as he was made be∣holden to those for his life, whom out of his pride he had offended.

The second dutie discharged, of the rising of the Regiment from Quarters going on their first March.

THE Colonell recovered of his sicknesse tooke shipping from Scot∣land to Holland, and from thence over land to Holsten, accompanied with Captaine Mac-Kenyee, and Captaine Pomfrey, arrived in the latter end of March Anno 1627 in Holsten, where he was welcomed by his Regi∣ment. At his comming, orders were given, his Regiment should be brought in Armes at Eittho, where his Majestie would take their Oathes of fidelitie. The Regiment being come together at the Randezvouz, was drawn vp in three divisions, artending his Majesties comming, in good order of battaile, all Of∣ficers being placed according to their stations orderly, Colours fleeing, Drummes beating, horses neying, his Majestie comes royally forward, Sa∣lutes the Regiment, and is saluted againe with all due respect, and reverence, used at such times; his Majestie having viewed Front, Flancks and Reare, the Regiment fronting all wayes towards his Ma^tie., who having made a stand or∣dained the Regiment to march by him in divisions, which orderly done, and with great respect, and reverence, as became; his Majestie being mightily well pleased, did prayse the Regiment, that ever therafter was most praise wor∣thy. The Colonell, and the principall Officers having kissed his Majesties hand, retired to their former stations, till the Oath was publikely given, both by Officers, and souldiers being drawne in a Ring by conversion, as use is, at such times. The Oath finished, the Articles of warres reade, and published, by a Banke of the Drummer Major, and his associates, the Regiment remit∣ted marches off orderly by companies, to their quarters, to remaine till or∣ders were given, for their vp-breaking. The next day the Colonell, and Lieve∣tenant colonell, were commanded to march over the Elve with seaven com∣panyes, and to beset the Towne of Stoade with two companies, and then to march with the other five towards the Waser streame, to joyne with the English forces commanded by Generall Morgan, being foure Regiments of foote.

The Sergeant Major Dumbarre, with the remnant foure companies, was commanded towards Lawenburg, fearing the enemy was to crosse the Elve: our orders dulie followed, we are thus severed, marching to our seve∣rall Randezvouz, entring to take paines, for our former too much pleasure and riot, used in our winter quarters:

On this expedition towards the Waser streame, [ C] unfortunately Captaine Boswell comming after the Regiment was killed by a number of villanous Boores, ever enemies to souldiers: the Cavaliers death was much regrated of all that knew him, and no reparation had for his death. But the Boores being fled, the Dorpe was burnt off.

Being thus joyned to Generall Morgan his forces, where we remayned ten weekes, having had great dutie in watching, many alarummes, but lit∣tle

service, so that our souldiers longing for service said, the Emperialists were no enemies; yet when the service was once offered, the smart came with it in great.

Our Lievetenant colonell and his company did march from vs towards Lawenburg, and joyned with the other foure companyes, and the Sergeant Major Dumbarre was sent to command the Colonells division on the Waser, the Colonell being gone to sollicite moneyes for the Regiment, seeing the English Regiment did get weekely meanes, whereas we were entertained on proviant bread, beere and bacon.

The second Observation.

NOthing procures more faithfull service, then the Masters liberalitie. [ D] This magnanimous King his liberalitie we could not complaine of, having payd us in money, and with assignation of moneys, on our owne King; and good Quarters we had, which were not reckoned unto us; our true fidelitie his Majestie did oft-times commend, and our service both. Therefore in my opinion, that bloud is not to be accounted lost, which is shed for a Noble Master. Diligent, and discreet servants, are the best friends a noble King, or Prince can be blest withall: And as our deserving in this service was good, our respect was more than answerable; having beene many times feasted, and Royally entertained, at his Majesties Table; being of servants, made companions to the King our Master. Let no man then thinke it bondage, to serve a noble Master, and a bountifull King, as this was; yet he that lackes this ambition, to be made companion to earthly Kings, following this worldly warfare, I would admonish him, to be thankfull to the King of Kings, for his peace, and quietnesse at home, and in his prospe∣ritie, to make his acquaintance with God, that if adversitie come, he may be the bolder with his Maker, by prayer, which is the key to open heaven, and the meanes to remove our adversitie: for to reach unto God, wee must hum∣ble our selves by prayer, uniting us unto him, through the greatnesse of our love; for if we love God, we will be painfull to seeke him, and to find him, we must enter in the narrow way; and if wee will be partakers of his meate, we must first taste of his continencie; if we will follow him to the breaking of his Bread, like valiant Souldiers, wee must not faint, till wee drinke of his Cup; and to gaine him, wee must learne to lose our selves, for his sake. Let not then this saying be hard unto us, Forsake your selves, take up your Crosse, and follow me: if we faint at this, and not prove as resolute Souldiers, the next would be harder (the reward of Poultrons) depart from me you cursed unto ever∣lasting fire, I know you not. While then we have peace, and quietnesse, [ E] I wish we may be familiar with this King of Kings, the Lord of Hosts, and say in particular, Thou art my King, O God; enter into his Tabernacle, and salute Iesus Christ thy Saviour, and Redeemer, the head of all principalities, and powers, and let thy desire be, to be with him, in the land of the living. Then let the Heavens rejoyce, let Sathan flee, and Hell tremble, and let thy Conscience cry, Christ is my Saviour; the world thou must despise, Heaven thou must desire, and in truth say, Christ is my Saviour; without this assu∣rance, all our knowledge, all our glory, all our honours, are imperfect, and of no effect: lest therefore, thou should'st check me, being but a vaine Soul∣dier, saying, it is a good world, when the Fox begins to preach, leaving thee

to God, I will returne to my observation, on my Regiments March, the continuance of it, for nine yeares successive, in breadth, in length, in cir∣cle, in turning, in returning, in advancing to, and from our enemies, in weale, and woe, from the Baltick Sea, to the Waser streame, from the Waser streame, to Rapine in the Marke, from Rapine to Wesmar on the Baltick Coast, from Wes∣mar by water unto Holsten toward Ouldenburg, from thence by Sea, to Hens∣berrie in Holsten, from thence to Denmark, where in two yeares time, we did Circuit the Iland, with severall Marches, by land, and expeditions by water, being alike able for both, not like to the High Dutch, whose head nor stomack cannot endure the water. Being thanked of, by his Majestie of Den∣mark, having made peace with the Emperour in May 1629. from Denmark our expedition by water (having taken service anew, under the Lyon of the North the invincible King of Sweden) did continue towards Spruce, from thence to the Baltick Coast againe, and from thence to the River of Danube, that runs from the foot of the Alpes in Swaubland to the Adriaticke Sea, and, had our Master of worthy memory lived, we had crossed the Alpes into Italie, and sa∣luted the Pope within Rome. But the losse of this Lyon to lead us, was the losse of many, and of this old Regiment, the remaines whereof are yet on the Rhine, where with twentie thousand Scots like them, I would wish to be, to doe service to the Iewell of Europe, the Daughter of our King the Queene of Bohemia, and to her Princely Issue.

My first advancement to preferment (through the love of my Colonell,) was on this first March, being without contradiction, though not without en∣vie, placed to command, as Major over the Regiment, in the Major his ab∣sence.

So Iacobs blessing, bred Esaus hate, nature having made some as Antipathits to vertue, they were made sicke by my health. But for me, if another excell me in vertue, I will make him my example to imitate, not my block to stum∣ble on: If in wealth, I'le with him blesse God, for his plentie, seeing God hath enough for me, and him both.

The killing of Captaine Boswell on this March, should be an advertisement to all Cavaliers, comming after a Regiment, or Army, upon March, to looke well unto themselves, not offering any occasion of offence, being weakest, for the Rascall sort of Communaltie, are ever soone stirred to mischiefe, especially an Army having past by, which, for the most part, never goes through Dorpe, or Village, but some notorious Villaine commits some in∣solency or other, for which oft times, the Innocent doth pay.

Having joyned after our March to Generall Morgans forces upon the Wa∣ser, being quartered in open Dorpes, the enemy not farre from us, it was my fortune to have the first nights watch, as Captaine of the watch to oversee all Guards, the Avenue to the Dorpe on all Quarters, being well beset, with convenient Guards, and Centries, under silence of night Generall Mor∣gan, accompanied with foure Gentlemen with fire-locks to try us, being young Souldiers, gaue fire on our outter Centry, our Centry having dischar∣ged, retired to the next Centry. I called the guard to their Armes, finding the Alarum continuing, caused the Sergeant of the Guard, with twelve Mus∣kettiers, advance to Skirmish with them, to know what for Alarum it was, and to see what hinder hault they had: the Generall Morgan finding us dis∣charging the dutie of understanding Souldiers, gave presently notice unto the Sergeant, what he was, and desired to speake with the Captaine of the

Watch, whereupon the Sergeant conveyed his Excellence unto me, to the place of my Guard, being the Randezvouz for the Regiment in case of Alarum to draw up unto, and finding the most part of the Regiment, on suddaine with their Colours in good order, praising them for their good watch-kee∣ping, his Excellence asked for the Colonell, and went to see him.

It is the propertie of our Nation, [ T] an enemie being neere in time of an A∣larum to be in readinesse before any other Nation, though at other times, on watches, or repairing to their Colours, on Marches or in Garrison, they are more carelesse than others. But once comming to earnest, or in great extreamitie of danger; to give them their due, they are not inferiour to any Nation, so farre, as I did ever see, or learne of others, older Commanders than my selfe. Yet many false Alarums, as we had on the Waser make Souldiers, and the most diligent, at last carelesse, till they feele the smart of some suddaine surprise, to rouse them, the better to goe readily to their duties.

The want of pay at the Waser made our souldiers a little discontent, seing the English get due weekely pay; Neverthelesse, I did never heare of our Nations mutinie, nor of their refusall to fight, when they saw their ene∣mies, though I have seene other Nations call for Guilt, being going before their enemie to fight, a thing very disallowable in either Officer, or Soul∣dier, to preferre a little money to a world of credit.

It is a great part of a Colonels dutie, timely to foresee for all things ne∣cessary, that may give content to those under his command, lest being justly discontented, he might be greived, whiles it were not in his power to helpe himselfe, or others.

The liberality of a Colonell and his care in fore-seeing, for his Regi∣ment, returnes to him oftimes with triple profit, being with moderation fa∣miliar with his Officers, making them, as humble friends, not as servant, un∣der command, and he ought by all meanes eschewe to come in question, or publique hearing with his Officers: the onely meanes to make himselfe famous, and his Regiment of long continuance.

The third dutie discharged of our March from the Waser towards Bysenbourg on the Elve.

HAving thus remained the space of ten weekes under the command of Generall Morgan on the Waser side, we got orders to breake up, and to continue out march over the Elve under Hamburgh, and from thence, toward Bysenbourg Skonce, to joyne with the rest of our Regiment, the Colonell and Lievetenant Colonell being absent, Major Iames Dumbar commanded then in chiefe, receiving all necessaries fitting for our march, as ammunition; proviant, and waggons, for our baggage, our sicke souldiers being cared for, were left behinde, and we brake up from the Waser the tenth of Iuly 1627. a Regiment of Horse being commanded with us for our Convoy to the Elve, the first night we quartered at Rottenburg a strong passe, having a great Marrish on both sides, accessible onely by one narrow causey which leades through the marrish to the Castell, which is well fensed on both sides with Moates, Drawbridges, and slaught bomes, without all.

The next day our march continuing, in the morning our fore-troopes ha∣ving gotten Alarum retired on us, whereupon we drawing into Battaile, resolved to fight, and provided our selves accordingly for the enemies com∣ming, which being found, but a false conception, nothing followed on it, but the continuance of our march, without further interruption.

The next night we lying in Quarters, our Guards orderly disposed, before day we had another Alarum, our duety duely discharged of all, both horse and foote, if the enemie had come we were provided; But the Ala∣rum proving false, we brake up, continuing our march toward Buckstehood appointed for our first Randez-vouz: where we were commanded to send to his Majestie at Stoade, for receiving of further Orders, and a company of Horse being directed with me, for my convoy, I was made choise of, to go to his Majesty for bringing Orders unto the Regiment. His Majesty being absent, Orders were given to me by a Generall Commissary to continue our march thorough Buckstehood and to quarter over night in the old land by the Elve side, till the next day we should crosse the River of the Elve at Blancke∣neas, and from thence to march by Hamburgh through their Territories, and passe towards Lovenburgh, where we quartered a mile from it, continuing our march the next morning towards Bysenburgh, where we quartered in the fields, for five nights, till we knew of his Majesties further resolution.

The third Observation.

ALl marches are occasioned by the accidents of the warfare. The rea∣son of this march was the enemies Army drawing strong to a head in Luniburgh land, of intention to force a passage over the Elve to come the easier to Holsten: his Majestie being weake of foote in this quarter, ha∣ving no great feare of his enemie on the Waser, where we lay before; we were therefore called to joyne with the rest of our Regiment at Bysenburgh. Another reason of this march was, the Kings forces in Silesia being also weake of Foote, standing in great neede of a timely supply, we being able to endure a long march, his Majesty resolved, after besetting well the passe on the Elve, to send us for a supplie unto the Silesian Armie: Neverthelesse ma∣ny times we see in warres, though things be long advised on, and prosecu∣ted after advise duely, yet the event doth not alwayes answer to mans con∣jectures: For it is a true old saying; Man proposeth, but God disposeth.

A Commander having the charge of a Regiment, [ G] or partie, on a march, ought in all respects to be as carefull and diligent as a Generall, that leads an Army, being subject to the like inconvenience of fortune. Wherefore he ought to be well provided of all things fitting for his march, that, in time of Rancounter with the enemy, he might the better discharge his duty, especially being provided with good store of Ammunition, both for the mouth and service, with sufficient fix Armes.

He ought also, for his march ever to have good intelligence, lest his ene∣mie should circumvent him. He ought also to order his march, according to the countries scituation he marches thorough, appointing his Randez-vouz nightly, short, or long, as his Quarters may fall in best security.

He ought also to keepe his Officers and Souldiers in continuall good or∣der of discipline, without suffering the one, or the other to fall off from their Stations, without great and urgent occasions; and if any of them chance to fall off, he is obliged to foresee to their timely returnes.

Likewise he ought not in any manner of way suffer violence to be used to Boores, or strangers in his march, and if such doth happen, he is obliged to do justice to all, and to see examplarie punishment done, to terrifie others from the like. He ought also, to be carefull to give none under his com∣mand just occasion of complaint, for want of their dues, either in quarters, or in distributing of their victualls, according to their strengths. He ought also on his march to be provident, in causing to bring their Proviant timely to their Randevouz, or Hawlts; seeing it to be rightly distributed, for avoi∣ding of contentions happening most commonly at such times.

Also he must foresee before he makes a hawlt, that the ground be conve∣nient where he drawes up, whether he be in feare of an enemie, or not; and at such times, he must be carefull, that centries be duly placed, at all parts needefull, and that no man be suffered to wander, or go astray, from the haulting part, for feare he be to seeke, when occasion should present either to breake up, to march, or otherwise, in case of Alarum, to have his Offi∣cers, or souldiers wandering, while as the enemie should charge, were a grosse error.

Likewise, he ought to be of strict command, and authority to punish those that on a march leave their Armes behind them, or that are carelesse in keeping their Armes both fix, and cleane. In quartering either in village, field or Citie, he must give orders for his posts to keepe Guards upon, and he ought himselfe to recognize all avenues, and inquire of the knowne coun∣trimen, the passes, whereby his enemies may come unto him, and of the di∣stance he is from his enemy; he must also direct parties on all quarters of Horsemen to get intelligence, and Conschaift of his enemie, lest unawares he should be surprised.

Likewise at his upbreaking from quarters, he should take notice of all complaints, and do justice accordingly: And he should have a speciall care of the sicke, either to transport them, or to foresee for their good usage, in case necessitie, or weakenesse force him to leave them behind. He ought also, to foresee before he march for his Guides and to give charge to keepe them from running away; and he ought to learne of the guide the inconveniences on the way that may be hindersome unto his march, that timely he might provide a remedie. His Guide should also know how far to go, that when he comes his length, he may timely provide for another. He ought also to learne the best way for his Baggage, and Ammunition to march on, and in case of suspected danger, he ought to ordaine a guard of Musketiers with a sufficient Officer to command for their convoy, and if it be such way, as that on occasion his Ammunition cannot be steadable unto him, in such a case he must not part from his Ammunition waggons; but rather to keepe one way, though it should be far about.

He ought never for pastime, or pleasure, on a suspected march neere an enemy, to go from the sight of his Troopes; for feare he should be absent in greatest neede, or that some misfortune might happen betweene those he commands himselfe, or against others incurring in their wayes. If occa∣sion of service offer, he must never be dejected, but to encourage ever his owne most in the greatest extreamity, shewing testimonies of his inward valour and setlednesse of minde, by his by-past experience, testifying he is no Novice, not taking counsell of others, when he is with resolution to rancounter a brave enemy.

He must be of judgment to consider on the sudden his enemies designe, and timely he ought to oppose his enemy, either with few, or with many, as he finds his best advantage, And if his enemy be too far stronger than he, he must timely resolve how to make a safe retreat, being forced thereto; Pre∣serving his souldiers, to a fitter opportunitie: for once far ingaged, the retreat will be the more difficult to make without great losse; He ought alwayes to keepe a good reserve of fresh, brave, resolute fellowes to keepe faces on their enemies, while as others should be forced to turne backe on them: at such times, and in such occasions the resolution, the courage, and the judgment of a valourous Commander is best knowne; for many can advance rashly, that have never the wit, or judgment to retire bravely, as is ordinarily seene in many such Commanders, more stout, than wise. But lest I should enter too far to this purpose in this observation, for feare to be blamed my selfe for not retiring in time, it being a large field I entred in, let this suf∣fice for this march of the Leaders duty. [ H]

Now to retire, being quartered a mile from Lovenburgh in a Dorpe, where the Boore for feare quit his lodging, so that for want of provision we were forced to send our Suttler called Iohn Matheson, towards Loven∣burgh: in his absence our Boyes made use of his rugge to cover their faces; in drowning of Bee-hives, the rugge being rough did lodge a number of the Bees, which, when the Boyes had drowned the Bee hives, they threw a∣way: The Suttler comming late home we being a bed, went to rest; and putting off his cloathes, drew his rugge to cover him, but as soone as the Bees found the warmenesse of his skinne, they began to punish him for his long stay, That he was forced roaring like a mad man, to rise, and throw off his rugge, not knowing (though well he felt) the smart of his sudden enemies; we called to him, asking, if he was mad: he made no answer, but still cried the Divell had bewitch'd him, in piercing him in a thousand parts, still rubbing and scratching, crying with paine, not knowing the reason, till a candle was lighted, and seeing the Bees, threw his rugge in a draw-well; The gentle reader may judge whether, or not, he was punished, for his long stay. Thus Seria mista jocis.

The fourth dutie discharged of our march from Beysenburgh to Rapine in the Marke, and of the storming of Bey∣senburgh Skonce.

HAving rested here three dayes on the fields, till our Colonell came from Hamburgh with a monethes meanes to the Regiment, our mo∣nies paid, we got orders for a new march towards Rapine in the Marke, where the old Markegrave fon Turlaugh lay at Haggelberge with a part of his Majesties Army, and the enemie lay against him on the other side of the Haggell, our orders were to divide our Regiment againe, and to leave Major Dumbarre with foure companies to beset Beysenburgh Skonce, the enemies army being then within five miles of it, ten thousand strong of foote besides Horse. The other seaven companies were ordained to march with the Colonell and Lievetenant colonell towards Rapine, as said, is; we severed not without teares, both of Officers and souldiers. But he that

serves a master, must obey. The first night our Camerades accompani∣ed us to our quarters. The next morning our march continuing, newes over∣takes us, the enemy is set downe before Beysenburgh Skonce. In the rela∣tion of the service I must be succinct, being loath, having not seene the ser∣vice, to set any thing in Record, but what I know to be truth, neither can I be particular in the declaration of this service done by our countrimen, though it be generally well spoken of, over all Germany, yet I must say somewhat, and if my Report diminish from their credit, I protest it is not for lacke of love, but for want of information.

The enemy hearing we were marched, [ I] and having gotten true intelligence how strong they lay in the Skonce, he marched ten thousand strong, and lay downe within a cannon shot of the Skonce, and having begun his lines of approach, The first night, the Major made an out-fall, where having brave∣ly showen their courage, and resolution, returned againe without great losse.

The enemy longing to be repared of this their bravade, resolved to storme the Skonce at all quarters, but finding resolution joyned with valour against him, after long fighting in vaine, he is beate off from the walles, and forced to retire at that time, with the losse of five hundred men at least. But having redoubled his forces the next time, sets on with greater fury than before, but is beate off the second time also, with losse; the third time he adventured, and, as was reported, the Scots defenders, as is well knowne, behaved themselves so well, that the enemy storming the walles, the defen∣ders for want of powder threw sand in their enemies eyes, knocking them downe with the Butts of muskets, having beene divers times Pell, mel through others; at last the enemy is forced to retire without effectuating any thing.

Yet, gentle Reader, thinke that at such play, the losse was not onely of one side, but of both, for in defence of this Skonce being so oft stormed; that ever praise-worthy Captaine Learmond, Brother to my Lord Balcomy, being twice shot with a musket, received deaths wound, and after died at Hamburgh, in perfect memory, discharging his duety Christianly to God, as he did during his life time both to God and man.

For his sake, and in remembrance of his worth and valour, the whole Of∣ficers of the Regiment did weare a black mourning Ribben: in this conflict also was killed his Lievtenant, called David Martin, an old, stout and expert Officer: many other valourous fellows, that were there, carried the true markes of their valour imprinted in their bodies, for their Countries credit. There was also, a Scottish Gentleman under the enemy, who cōming to scale the walls, said aloud, Have with you Gentlemen, thinke not now you are on the streets of Edenburgh bravading: One of his owne Country-men thru∣sting him through the body with a Pike, he ended there. This Skonce so well maintained by our Country-men, is to their prayse recorded at length in the Dutch Story of the Danes warres, where the curious Reader may learne more of it. The enemy finding this opportunitie to faile, at another passe a∣bove this on the Elve watched by Dutch surprising the watch, did come o∣ver the Elve: the newes comming to his Majestie, he presently sends Orders in the night to Major Dumbarre, who commanded the Skonce to retire, and to bring off his Cannon, and to cut off the bridge, and then to come by wa∣ter

with his troups to Lovenburgh, and to beset the Castle thereof with two Companies, and to retire with the rest to Lukstad, which accordingly was done, to their great credit.

Major Wilson being set with two Companies on the Castle of Loven, the enemy falling downe, Generall Tillie leading the Armie, comming before the Castle, doth summon it to render, the Major refusing, he is besieged, the enemies Batteries having playd a little on the Castle, the Major parlees for accord, before the parle, Generall Tillie is shot through the thigh, pledges delivered, the accord agreed on, he should march out with bag and baggage, Drummes beating, Bale au Bouche, with a Convoy granted to them to Luk∣stad, [ K] the Accord subscribed, but neither circumspectly nor wisely by the Ma∣jor: at his out-comming his Colours are taken from him, having forgot to insert them in his Accord, he complaining of the breach is bidden reade it, and finding it was so, was forced to march without Colours to Lukstad, where, for his over-sight, he was set from charge, with disgrace, and the Company restored againe to the right Owner, Captaine Duncan Forbesse, and incontinent Major Dumbarre, with foure Companies, was commanded to beset Statholder Ransove his Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten; the enemy ha∣ving already falne into the Land. Which discourse I must now leave, and prosecute the continuance of our march towards Rapine.

After this service the renowne spread so abroad, where ever we came, that the Gentrie of the Country were ready meeting us, providing all necessa∣ries for us. The Duke of Wymar, the Dukes of Meclinburgh, with a number of gallant Ladies, did visit us in our March, to congratulate with us the good fortune, and good service, done by our Camerades. But if we should looke to the outside of Souldiers, these foure Companies were the meanest of our Regiment to the outward appearance. Our March continues to Rapine, where we were to receive further orders of Generall Major Slamersdorffe: our orders were to draw up in Battaile before the Towne of Rapine, where the Generall Major would come, and see us, his intention being to bring the Towne under Contribution, otherwise to fright them with inquartring of the Regiment: his intention effectuated, we were led in quarters or Dorpes, for three dayes to rest us, seeing our intentions were to march unto Silesia.

The fourth Observation.

IN this observation, though the dutie be suddenly discharged, wee have much to amplifie the observation; first, by reason of the dispute that did arise betwixt his Majestie and the Colonell, for offering to Cashiere some of his Officers for alleaged insufficiency, by the information of some malig∣nant Spirits amongst our selves, whose names I will suppresse, and the rea∣sons also, letting some other tongue, not mine, divulge their shame. At this time also before our rising to this expedition we were discontented of the di∣vision made of our Regiment, being absolutely divided by his Majesties au∣thoritie, without the consent of our Colonell, who would have been loath to have left Captaine Learmond behinde, that had done him so many notable good offices, and this noble Gentleman of famous memory, at his leave-ta∣king of his Colonell, my brother and me, being then his intirest Camerades, with teares revealed unto us, whom he thought was the plotter of his stay, and withall did with griefe in a manner foretell his owne fall, alleaging we

should never meet againe. Therefore, for the love I bare to my deare Cam∣merade, I will point at the heart of those, who had a hand in the separation of the Regiment. I must therefore crave pardon a little, to expresse my dutie for the losse of this noble, and vertuous Cavalier, whose heart and eyes were ever fixed upon vertue, and upon his love to his deare friends. He hates not, but with cause, that is unwilling to hate at all. And it is the end that shewes the difference betwixt vertue and vice. Fie then upon those judgements, that, for their owne aymes, hatch the Ruine of their Camerades, in fore-thinking, and pursuing evill. And as the discharge of my last dutie was Tragicall, the reasons of it I will set downe obscurely, pointing at some, that every man may examine his own conscience, that had any hand in plotting, or hatching, (by villanous policie, bred of envie,) the ruine of their Camerades, the re∣ward whereof doth still awaite them with shame in a killing ambush, when the Lord of Hosts will bring to light the hidden plots of the malicious man. Here I could make some to blush, that I know plotted the fall of their Camerades. But I will be dumbe, doing by them, as Ioseph thought to have done by Mary, in seeking to cover blemishes with secrecie, lest I should wound some so with my penne, as to make them by their Camerades, to be push't out of Compa∣ny. But I will rather shew my charitie to the delinquent, by concealing of his fault, and tell him of it in secret, than openly to divulge his mischiefe, seeing I wish his amendment before the world should know his amisse: I will not therefore be too harsh, or virulent, hoping for his penitency, wish∣ing God may enlighten his conscience, that while he hath time, he may crave pardon for his hatched evill. Being sorry for the losse of these two worthy Cavaliers, of famous memory, Learmond and Dumbarre, for whose sakes, with griefe I have pointed thus obscurely at the forger of these Cavaliers fall, whose name I will suppresse, though my heart knows him well; and hoping time may change him to another man, I will let him be his own Beadle, and for his punishment, I would not care, though he were made to sing an In∣vective against himselfe. But I pray God, we may be freed of the like our selves, and not to looke upon another, with a Beam'd eye, but rather to be our owne Antidot's, against all the poyson that another is able to spit upon us. Let us then have our eyes fixed upon vertue, and we shall finde a beautie, that will every day take us with some grace or other: For the world hath nothing so glorious in it as vertue, when shee rides Triumphing, as both these Cavaliers doe after death, in despight of their enemies, like Phoebean Champi∣ons, praysed by their enemies, for resisting their strongest assaults, are now renowned in despight of envie, and the abusive world. [ L] And the worthy Souldiers, their Associats in this memorable conflict, and hot storme, are not to be forgotten, but to be praysed for their valour. For though, as I said, by appearance to looke but on their outsides, they were the meanest in shew of our whole Regiment: yet God that gives hearts, and courage unto men, made them the instruments of our Regiments first credit in the warres of Germany. They were, I confesse, led by brave Officers, which were seconded and o∣beyed by resolute and stout Souldiers, that gained victory, and credit, over their enemies in extremitie, by casting sand in their eyes. This victory puts me in mind of a prettie Story, shewing that some times the meanest things, doe helpe us much against our enemies, especially, when the LORD will blesse our fighting, with meane Instruments, fighting for us for his owne glory.

Iovianus Pontanus reports of Alphons being resolved by assault to take in Vicaro, his Souldiers having at the first past the countersharpe and fossie, scaling the walles, the Inhabitants not able to repulse them with stones, and the enemy unawares having surprised them, that they got not leasure to arme themselves, they threw Bee-hives amongst the enemy, which being disper∣sed, sticking under their Armes, and in their faces, forced the enemy to re∣tire, uneffectuating his designe. Reade Iovian in his seventh Booke of Alphons his deed, Cap. 2.

Ierome Osorius reports the like Story, of one Captaine Baregue, a Portugall, in his eighth Booke of Portugall, who by throwing Bee-hives on his enemies, made them to retire. The like was done of late in Hungaria, on a Fort be∣longing to the Bishop of Agria, neere the Turkes, which with the like helpe was relieved of a sudden assault, the Souldiers not having time to goe to their Armes, used this meane, and were saved thereby. We see then, that an immortall good name is attained unto by vertue, and not by villany.

Here also in this conflict we see, notwithstanding of the enemies eager pur∣suit with fury, that resolution at last prevailes; for the defenders having at first resisted their fury, the enemy with losse being forced to retire, the assai∣lers were discouraged, and the defenders incouraged. Therefore it is the dutie of a brave Captaine, that is to be assailed, to resist the beginnings well, and then the end must needs be glorious.

In such occasions, [ M] happie is that Commander, that, in extremitie of danger, is accompanied with a few trustie friends and Souldiers: He may be assured not to be forsaken, as I have beene some times by strangers. The valiant Souldier is ever best knowne in the greatest extremitie of danger, and a fore∣beaten enemy, once or twice repulsed, will be loath to continue his pursute: But he that would gaine honour, must resolve to contemne death, though ever before his eyes. Wherefore I would wish the brave Souldier to be e∣ver well prepared to die, who should glory in nothing earthly more than in the tokens of his valour, being knowne they were got with credit, and not by infamie; as many unworthy Souldiers oft-times get wounds, but not with credit, while for their cowardise they are running away, y et they will vaunt amongst the unknowne, as if their wounds were credibly gotten. Here also we may see the resolution and courage of our Country-man to be prayse-worthy, though killed serving the Emperour; for though I loved him not, being mine enemy, yet I honour his memory, in serving them truely, whom he did serve, for his owne credit.

Of all professions men of our profession ought to looke neerest to their credits, being attained unto by much toyle, and travell; and is lost with little. Therefore it is said, that a valourous man his credit hangs, as it were, at one haire, and one little errour or oversight in command, can obnubilate all his former glory. Circumspect then had we need to be, to preserve this credit, so dearely bought, and easily lost.

We must not then looke to the outside of a man, but unto his vertues; for he that judgeth men of our profession by Physiognomie, shall oft-times be de∣ceived; for he that is not stout by nature in our profession, having served out a seaven yeares prentiship under such a Leader, as the magnanimous King of Denmarke, such a one, though not stout by nature, by frequencie of danger is made stout, as a sword, fearing nothing, not death it selfe. And Souldiers thus used with danger, for the love of their Leaders, to gaine their

favours and good opinion, will undertake the hazard of the greatest dan∣gers for their Commanders sake. Such then, that have travelled well, should by due have rest, since the Crowne is laid up and ordained for him that fights well. On the other part, to end this observation, as I did begin, there is no punishment more grievous, than the publique ill-will of all men; especi∣ally for just causes. And in my opinion, it is better to be buried in oblivion, than to be evill spoken of to posteritie.

The first Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Rapine to Wismere on the Baltick Coast.

HAving rested eight dayes at Rapine, of intention to have marched to∣ward Silesia, to joyne with the Armie there, God that disposes all things by his providence for our best, provided that we went not; for the Armie there being beaten, and put to rout (whereof few escaped) The enemy after his Victory following downe to us-ward, and having cros∣sed the Elve behinde us, our retreat towards the Kings Armie in Holsten was hindred, the passages being all beset by the enemies forces, so that there was no other passage free for our Armie to passe through, but onely to retire to∣wards the Baltick Sea, to patronize the Isle of Poule for our safetie, till such time as shipping should be provided by his Majestie to transport us unto Hol∣sten. Orders then were given to the whole Armie, to march with all celeritie from Rapine unto the Randezvouz, being appointed at Perlesberg, where ha∣ving come together, we were neere ten thousand strong of horse and foot, being sufficiently provided of Artillery and Ammunition answerable to the strength of our Armie. Our march in great haste, night and day, continues towards Wismere, being afraid of our enemies, we feared we should not gaine so much time, as to put our Armie in assurance, within treaches, before the enemies comming: but being more affrighted, than we had reason, com∣ming there betimes, we intrenched our selves within a Close Leager, be∣fore the Isle of Poule, a mile from Wismere: Where we made a draw-bridge over the passage to the Isle, and fortified it with Skonces and Redoubts on both sides; where we lay five weekes, till his Majestie provided shipping for our transportation unto Holsten, and fearing contrary winds might keepe us long on the Isle, it being in the Harvest time, we provided the Island with Corne and Cattle taken off the Country about, sufficiently to have enter∣tained us the whole Winter in necessitie. In this Leager we had abundance of flesh, and of drinke, but we were slightly provided of bread and salt, where a Souldier had but one pound of bread allowed him in ten dayes, if that he tooke it not off the field. Our Scottish High-land men called this Lea∣ger the flesh Leager, and justly, for the Souldiers were so cloyed with flesh, that Oxen flesh was let lie on the ground, [ N] the Hides taken off by the Souldi∣ers, and sold for a Can of Beere a Hide, the whole body left on the place untouched, and at last, the Souldiers weary of Mutton also, eating onely the heads and feet, being boyld with Wheat brought off the fields. In all this necessitie, the Towne of Wismere did prove very discourteous unto us, in not suffering to help us, with any thing they might spare for our money, but ra∣ther through their pride abused our Officers and servants, that entred their Towne to buy necessaries.

The fift Observation.

HEre we have represented unto us, the mutability, of humane estates, and especially of warres, the whe ele turning, we that looked to go forwards, were forced to retire, humane affaires being opposed as a marke to all the shots of discontentment; so that we ought not to rejoyce too much in a calme, or prove faint hearted in a storme. We reade of a Roman Captaine, who did tremble being victorious, as being uncertaine how long his good fortune might continue. And the Romans (as Scipio tould the Ambassadors of Antiochus) were not puft up by victory, nor cast downe by losse. And Augustine said, this life of ours, was doubtfull, blind, miserable, made of a floud of humors, ebbing, and flowing.

Notwitstanding whereof, it is the duety of a wise Commander to make use of the time, by diligent fore-sight, and wise deliberation, to save him∣selfe, and others so long as he may, and not to be dejected, at every buffet unconstant fortune doth give him.

As this old Generall his resolution at this time, having an enemy before him, was good, the enemy coming also behinde him, tooke his march be∣twixt both, and did come fortunately to his wished forecast, putting him∣selfe and his Army in assurance. This old Generall was of good experience, but not fortunate, neither were they fortunate whom he served, though of invincible courage, and of great understanding in warres: for, to give his Majesty of Denmarke his due, no man breathing, I thinke, carries a stouter heart then he doth: Yet I have seene his Majestie far dejected in spirit, through great losse, and no wonder, as you shall heare more particularly set downe in the seventh observation.

In this Retreat we were not voide of feare, but suspecting the worst, every man bethinking himselfe of his best safety, to eschew an apparēt overthrow, a thing at all times most dangerous in an Army. Our Horsemen, being a∣fraid of a retreat by water, and consequently the losse of their Horses, for want of shipping, and which was more, they feared the losse of their goods, and their owne imprisonment: but it was in vaine they should torment themselves before hand, for things without their powers to eschew. But they ought rather to have made use of the present, and to have foreseene the future so far as lay in them, resolving patiently against all crosses and to re∣ferre the event to God.

Here also I did observe the inconvenience that comes to souldiers, through eating much flesh without salt, or bread, which did bring diseases in the Leager, so that many died of pestilence and flux: but of our Nation fewest, for to speake truth, I never did see more durable men against all Toyle, travell and tediousnesse, than they were.

Likewise I did observe first here, [ O] that the Townes of Germanie are best friends ever to the masters of the field, * 1.1 in flattering the victorious, and in per∣secuting of the loser, which is ever well seene in all estates.

When we are happie in the spring-tide of abundance, and in the rising floud of plenty, then the world would be our servants: but when these plea∣sant waters fall to ebbing, then men looke upon us, at a distance. Where∣fore adversity is like Penelopes night, which undoes all, that ever the day did weave. And our misery is so, that we can never trie a friend, but in the kieke

of malignant chance: so I confesse he is happy, that finds a true friend, but he is happier that findeth not extremitie to trie him.

The sixt duety discharged of our expedition by Water from Wismer to Heligenhoven, and of our service at Oldenburgh.

HAving remained five weekes in this Leager, during which time, pre∣paration was making, for the transportation of the Army unto Holsten; seeing the Emperors forces come from Silesia, and Til∣lies Army were joyned very strong, which barr'd our passage from com∣ming into Holsten by land, which made us ship our Army for going unto Heligenhoven; and from thence to the passe of Oldenburgh in Holsten, of in∣tention to ly secured there, till the rest of his Majesties forces might joyne with us. The Army then consisted of eight thousand Foote, and Horse, besides those that were left behinde on the Iland under the command of Ge∣nerall Major Slamersdorse.

Having all safely landed, at Heligenhoven: we marched towards the passe of Oldenburgh, where arrived before night, our Leager was drawne out into the most convenient part, for maintaining of the passe, where the first night we begin to worke in the Trenches, and continue working the whole night, and the next day, till noone, that the enemy was seene marching to∣wards the passe, in full Battalions of Horse, and foote, which before three of the clocke had planted Batteries, to play with Cannon on our Leager and to force a passage over the passe, which our Generall perceiving, gave or∣ders, to double the Guards both of Horse, and foote; As also strongly to Barricade the passe, and to cast up in the night a redout before the passe: the night drawing on being darke, silence was over all, on both sides of the passe.

But the day cleering, the Guardes on both sides begin the skirmish, the Cannons on both sides begin to discharge, the Horse Guards charge one another, till ours were forced to give ground; the foote Guards beginning to fight, the reliefes were commanded on both sides to second their owne, the service growing hot; and the passe in danger of losing.

My Colonell in all haste was commanded to march with the halfe of his Regiment to maintaine the passe; The Colonell commanded me, [ P] to have the men in readinesse, and to distribute Ammunition amongst the Souldiers; which done the Colonell leading on marches towards the passe under mer∣cy of Cannon, and musket: the Generall meeting us bids aske the souldiers, if they went on with courage; they shouting for joy, cast up their hats, re∣joycing in their march, seeming glad of the occasion. The Generall com∣mending their courage, and resolution, doth blesse them in passing. At our ongoing to the passe, the enemies cannon played continually on the Colours, which were torne with the Cannon: Also to my griefe, my Camerade Lievetenant Hugh Rosse, was the first that felt the smart of the Cannon Bullet, being shot in the leg, who falling not fainting at his losse, did call couragi∣ously, go on bravely Camerades, and I wish I had a Treene, or a woodden leg for your sakes; in this instant of time, and, as I beleeve, with one bullet

the leg was also shot from David Rosse sonne to Rosse of Gannis. The service thus hot, both of Canon and musket, many were hurt at the ongoing, where I received a favourable marke, being hurt in the inner side of my right knee, with the end of mine owne Partizan, being shot off, by the Cannon bullet. And we drawing neere to the passe, The Dutch, that were on service being all fled but the Captaine, the passe neere lost, my Colonell drawes off a plotton of Musketiers of the Right wing, being most of them brave young gentlemen of the Colonells owne companie, which in all haste with an Officer were directed to maintaine the passe, which being hardly pursued, sundry worthy young gentlemen did lie on the place in the defence of it, and sundry were hurt, as Andrew Monro, Hector Monro, Alexander Tul∣lough, Arthur Forbesse, and divers more, of common souldiers. By this time, the rest of the Colonells division were not idle from service, the reliefes go∣ing often on, and the rest doing service along the passe, having a hedge for their shelter, The Body of the Pikes standing, for two howers in battell, un∣der mercy of Cannon and musket, so that their suffrings and hurts were greater both amongst Officers and Souldiers, than the hurt done to the Musketiers, that were on service, for few of their Officers escaped unhurt, as Ensigne Ennis, Ensigne Stewart, Ensigne Monro; divers also were killed, as Andrew Monro, Ferwhar Monro, and Murdo Powlson was killed with a Can∣non. [ Q] In time of this hot service, powder being distributing amongst soul∣diers, a whole Barrell was blowne up, whereby the Colonell was burnt in the face, and many Souldiers spoiled: the enemy seeing our powder blowne up, presse to force the passage, and some comming over, Captaine Iohn Mon∣ro with a few Musketiers was commanded in a flat Champange to encounter the enemy, who forced the enemy to retire, so that the passe was cleered a∣gaine by Captaine Iohn his valour, much to his credit.

The first division of our Regiment having thus maintained the passe for two howres hot service, then comes from the leager, for reliefe of the Colo∣nells division, the Lievetenant Colonell, with the other division nothing inferiour to the first, who falling on fresh with man-like courage, the other division falls off, to refresh themselves: during their Camerades being on service, at the very entry the Lievetenant Colonell was hurt, Sr. Patrick Mackey and Iohn Forbesse of Tullough, both Captaines were hurt; Lievetenant Andrew Stewart, Ensigne Seaton and Ensigne Gordon were also hurt, and many gentlemen and common Souldiers were killed. This service conti∣nued in this manner from seaven a clocke in the morning, till it was past foure in the afternoone, first began, with the halfe of the Regiment, who were relieved by the other halfe, which continued till mid-day; after that the service not being so hot, as before, they went on to service by companies, one company relieveing another, till night that it grew darke, and then darkenesse, the enemy of valour, made the service to cease.

During all this time, our Horsemen stoode bravely in Battell under mercy of Cannon, and Musket, besides the foote, attending to second us, in case the enemy had set over, and forced the passe, which once he adventu∣red to do, but was suddenly beaten backe: all this while, the Generall the Duke of Weimar, and both the Armies, were witnesses to the manly and brave cariage of this praise-worthy Regiment.

In the evening before night ammunition on both sides growing scarce, & darkenesse comming on, the service begins to beare up: by this time, there

is a Barrell of beere sent us, from the Leager, the Officers for haste caused to beate out the head of it, that every man might come unto it, with hat, or head-peece, they flocking about the waggon, whereon the Barrell lay, the enemies Cannonier gives a voley to their beere, which, by Gods providence, though shot amongst the mid'st of them, did no more harme, but blew Bar∣rell and beere in the Ayre, the neerest misse that I did ever see; for many of them were downe to the grounde, whereof my brother, Captaine Obstell of worthy memory was one.

At night the service ceast, I was sent by the rest of the Officers to the Leager to my Colonell for Orders, to learne of the Generall, who should relieve us at night: My Colonell did go to the Generalls Tent, and I with him, to have his Excellences resolution, who haveing Nobly accepted of the Colonell, did praise him and his Regiment, requesting him, that as the Regiment had done bravely all day, in being the instruments under God of his safety, and of the Armies, he would once more request him, that his Regiment might hold out the inch, as they had done the span, till it was darke, and then they should be relieved, as he was a Christian; And drinkeing to me, I returned with a Resolution to my Camerades, leaving my Colonell in the Leager: And as it grew darke, [ R] we were relieved by the Duke of Weimar his earnest and diligent intreaty, having proved our good friend, in urging to take us first off. The Generall having resolved to retire from the enemy, with the whole Army, by reason Ammunition grew scarce, and we having deserved best, were first brought off, getting orders to march in the night to ships.

The sixt Observation.

THe wise Ancients said, it was the principall thing in all things to looke unto the end: but it is the propertie of our Nation to be over wise behinde the hand; as we were after the service, having lost thereat a great many of our friends, we ought to have beene the more cir∣cumspect againe. But our condition is so, that no experience can make us wise, till we be soare beaten by others, and then we will grow kinde one to another.

Amongst the Romans none was admitted to the dignity of a Commander, till first he had past a prentiship under a brave Generall, where he was taught the use of Armes, and Novices durst not be so bould, as to intrude themselves in this honourable profession, in any degree, to take command on them, without long practise, and experience, as was requisite to undergo a charge in so high a calling, and of such importance, as to leade others: Neverthe∣lesse, the ground worke or foundation of Military discipline once well laid, then they were suffered to advance by degrees unto high charges, proposing recompence, and reward unto those, that did merite, and to that effect, they invented severall sorts of Crownes, for the reward of their travells, and wisdome: Amongst others, the Crowne called Obsidionall was ordained, for those that entred first the besieged places, being of the most esteeme of all crownes, which was made of the Roote of the Herbes, or graine, that had taken Roote within the place besieged; also those that first scaled the walls, were wont to get a crowne of the Herbe Woodbinde, or Parietaria, Pelli∣tory growing on the walls, and those that first entred the enemies Ports by

force, had also a crowne given unto them; And the crowne Castean was ordained, for him that first entred the enemies Trenches, and brake the Pale∣sades, making way to enter unto the enemies Leager: Also a crowne was given unto those of the Navall Armie, that first entred the Enemies Gallies, or ships on Sea, this Crowne was made of gold, representing the Combat, and the Generall a foote, being victorious, had given him a crowne made of Hats, and Miters, and triumphing in a chariot, he carried a Hat made of Lawrell. At last, these crownes were made of Gold, laid over with preti∣ous stones. They had also given them, for recompence of their travels, Chaines, and Bracelets, all to the end they might accustome themselves to vertue, and to the discipline and toyle of warres. Who then would not desire to be of this society, to get a crowne for well doing? On the contrary, Cowards, Poultrons, and Effeminate persons, were disdained, degraded and put off charge, while the valiant were honoured, advanced, and recompenced, as the Turke doth practise to this day; to the disgrace of Christians negle∣cting discipline, till they are overthrowne. It should then be the duety of brave Generalls to make choice of brave and vertuous Commanders, not as∣king of whom they come, but where, and how long, have they practised to be vertuous. Then we see here, what was the custome of the Ancient Ro∣mans, in choosing the vertuous, that had past their prentiship, and not Novi∣ces to be Commanders: for we see, that the love of the Publique brings honour, pleasure and profit to the vertuous, who thinke on it sincerely; But those, that would raise their fortunes by the ruine of others, shall never prosper.

The reason of our coming to this passe of Owldenburgh was, to have stay∣ed there in safety from our enemies, till we might joyne with our friends; but the Enemy prevented us, in coming betwixt us and our friends: then there was no remedy, but to hold him up at the passe, till our Army might joyne with us, and of this intention we resolved for best, to maintaine the passe, as we did, till Ammunition grew scant, and then we were forced to retire to our ships.

This King is powerfull by Sea, and is mightily well furnished of all things necessary for warres, of Armes, Artillery, Ammunition, victualls, money, and what else is requisit to set forwards a warre; and, which is more, a noble, and a liberall Master, as ever I did serve.

Here also I observe the slownesse of our Generall, that did not patronize the passe some few dayes before the Enemies coming, that it might have beene fortified: for it was no time for us to fortifie the passe in the night, when the enemie came before us, and the next day, we were not suffered to worke, being otherwise imployed. Another oversight was, that our Generall did not know certainly, how we were provided of Ammunition, for though we had Lead in abundance, we wanted Bullets in the time of need. Where∣upon the Generall was accused, after our comming into Denmarke, and the blame was found in the Commissary, that had the charge of the Artillery, Et jure, for they were all Rogues, and deceived his Majestie, that trusted them too much. Neverthelesse, I cannot excuse the Generall of being ignorant of the provisions ordained for the Armie; seeing he was certaine of the ene∣mies comming: for it is most sure, if we had been provided of Ball, we were sufficiently bastant to have kept the passe against our Enemy, since it came not in the Enemies power, till we had left it voluntarily in the night. The

enemy also retiring from us, hearing the Rhinegraves forces were coming behinde him, of intention to joyne with us. I observed also, that the Gene∣rall was too slow, in the encouragement of his Officers and Souldiers, having delayed his exhortation to the very time of our going on service. And it is easie, at such time, to Prognosticate by the countenance going on service, how they are affected. But never men went on service with more chearfull coun∣tenances, than this Regiment did, going as it were, to welcome death, know∣ing it to be the passage unto life, especially fighting in a good Cause, against the enemies of the Daughter of our King, the Queene of Bohemia, for whose sake, our Magnificke and Royall Master did undertake the warres, and for her sake, we resolved to have followed such a couragious Leader, as the Earth this day affords none stouter, as mine eyes did witnesse divers times: And for her sake, I perswade my selfe, our noble Colonell did ingage his e∣state, and adventured his person, to have ••on her sacred Majesty good service. I did also observe this day, that the best way to eschew danger, is not to per∣ceive it; for a man well resolved perceives no danger, neither doth any thing seeme difficult unto him, that may import his credit. And the best Com∣manders, in my opinion, as they are in measure remisse, not seeming prodigall of their lives, though resolutely adventurous; and for me, I love a man that is modestly valiant, that stirres not till he must needs: for he that is conscious of his inward courage, is confident to shew it to the world, when he will; but a man prodigall of life, oft-times indangers himselfe and others; for though he have courage to lead them on, he lacks wit and discretion to bring them off, in case of eminent danger. And at such times, as I condemne him that runnes away first, I cannot allow of him, that, out of ostentation, will stay after all his Camerades are gone, till he yeeld himselfe prisoner, or die un∣necessarily there, where he might have preserved himselfe with honour for a better occasion. I have also observed, that a base fellow hath been killed running away, when a valiant Souldier stood to it, and came off with credit.

I did also remarke the invincible courage and resolution of that worthy Gentleman Lievtenant Rosse, who having lost his legge, wished for a wood∣den or Treen legge, lying on the ground, as the example of pittie, that he, who was indued with such courage, and Christian resolution, had not time in the warfare, to have given the world greater proofe of his valour.

Here also I must condemne those arrogant Spirits, who contemne God and Fate, that while as being on service, and being hurt, may retire with cre∣dit, and on the contrary will be so foolishly valiant, as to stay on a second hurr, worse than the first; as became that day of a young Gentleman of my name, and kindred, who being shot in the Arme with a musket bullet, would not at my desire retire, but slighting his wound stayed on service, till he was shot dead in the head. David Monro Ensigne, [ S] being shot through the body above the left pappe, went a little aside, till he was drest, and returned againe to his Station, keeping his Colours in his hand, till night, before the ene∣my, never fainting with his wound, an example of rare courage, and of great strength of bodie, neither did he ever thereafter keepe bed or lodging one houre, more than ordinary, for all this hurt.

Here also I did observe, that the former distractions amongst the Officers of the Regiment were taken away, having been companions of equall dan∣ger against their enemies, made them love one another the better ever af∣ter: for Captaine Iohn Monro, helped Lievetenant colonell Seaton, being shot,

to his horse, having on the march two dayes before fallen horribly out: which verifies the Scots Proverbe, Dogges will part Swine, and make them agree amongst themselves. We see oft-times, that those that are feeblest themselves, are most ready to speake Derogatively of others. Here I might inferre divers instances, yet I will inferre, and onely point, for the present a little at those unluckie dispositions, that cannot endure any but themselves to be well thought of, for if one be justly praised, or advanced in recompence of his vertue, they will presently dismount his vertues, and stabbe him to the heart, obnubilating his brightest glory, with a Butt of Detraction bred of en∣vie, nastie indeficient minds devising spots, where they find them not, a base office to make his tongue whip a worthy man. If I knew vice in another, I would nobly shew my charitie in concealing it, if he be absent; if present, I would not flatter: for the valiant man his tongue is ever the greatest coward in absence, for it is not good to deprave the fame of the absent, with a vipe∣rous Tongue: Therefore my advice were to thee, in such a case, to doe like the wise man, to learne somewhat by thine enemies outrage, as King Philip of Macedon learned well the lesson, who many times thanked his enemies for their outrage, which made him afterwards the more wise, more circum∣spect, and more setled: for nothing gives a man more good experience, than warres, lawes, love, and detraction: And for Detraction thou oughtest to be so wise, if thou be made the marke for Calumniators to shoot at, let them shoot, as they please, I would be hard, they should not pierce me. Being armed with a good Conscience, we should not care for their shooting, for though it sometime take root in the eares of some hearers, yet thy com∣fort should be, that one day, he shall kill himselfe, soone or late, as the poy∣sonable birth kils the mother: and such fellows should be punished, as theeves: seeing the one bereaves men but of their substance, but the other bereaves them of life, and death, and of their dearest friends also. And he should be holden as such a one himselfe, till he brought his evidence; as the custome was of old: and for my selfe, I never found better remedie against them, than to disdaine them, as coming about the eares of a deafe man, that did not heare them, and this I found to be the best bridle, to curbe their tongues, for in the end he would hold his peace, and turne his tongue another way: but I must confesse, the tongue of a Calumniatour hath sometimes offended me, and grieved me much, but they profited me, in making me the more circumspect and diligent, in thinking on all circumstances, that might con∣serve my credit and reputation, to be avenged on them. And with the Pro∣verbe, which I know to be true, I will conclude this point, things that grieve us, should lead us to repentance, seeing that which destroyes, instructs; and God oft-times, cleanses the inward man, by the outward, by the con∣trary course, leading us to our wished for Harbour: for there is no such great discommoditie, but brings commoditie with it; for those that are stin∣ged by Scorpions, though at first it be very dangerous, yet at last, the hurt being cured by convenient remedies, it brings fruit with advantage, as ex∣perience hath taught, neither Flie, Bee, nor Wasp can harme those thus cured.

To conclude then this point of Detraction, [ T] men should be circumspect, what to determine of other mens actions, being on service: for I am of the opinion, that in time of hot service, no man doth remember the halfe of his other actions, much lesse to remarke the actions of others, except some

circumstances, which he may remember. Therefore we should be loath un∣necessarily to bring our selves in question, in speaking evill of others: for commonly, at such times, cowards, or feeble men, that are not in action themselves, see more than others that are better employed: yet the feeble man is ever readiest to detract, for to prevent his owne insufficiency, too well knowne to others. But after this dayes service, our detractions, and di∣stractions also, were almost taken away, being companions of the like dan∣ger, against our enemies: And I inferred this discourse of detraction, by rea∣son, that at such service commonly men doe speake, as they doe favour, or ra∣ther, as their envie carries them; which fault as being too much in use in all estates, especially amongst Souldiers, I would wish from my heart that it might be eschewed.

Here also I observed, that want of circumspection in command, especially over young Souldiers, as we had to command, doe many times cause great inconveniences to follow, as was seen in the blowing up of our powder, whereby our Colonell was burnt in the face, and many more. Here I might speake somewhat of the hurt and inconveniency, that doth happen many times by Cannon, and powder, but I will referre it to a fitter place, to be spoken of.

Likewise I cannot here omit to speake somewhat of the resolution of some particular Souldiers, that were hurt on this service. Hector Monro of Cool, [ V] being shot through one of his feet, was desired to goe off, who answered, it was not time, till first he had emptied his Bandeliers against his enemies, before which time he was shot through the other foot also, and then was not able to come off alone, without helpe of others, and some of his Camerades, which helpt him off, going farther with him than he thought needfull for his safetie, or their credit, he wished them to retire, and discharge their du∣ties against the enemy, as they had sufficiently done towards him. Hugh Murrey being desired in time of hot service, to goe and take off his brother being killed; he lacking powder said, going towards his dead brother, I will first emptie my brothers Bandeliers, as I have done mine owne, to be revenged on his enemies, before I take him off: in the meane time, he was shot in the eye himselfe, and that wondrous favourably, the Bullet some few dayes after having come forth at his nose, which is most true, though seeming incredible. This day also I observed an ill custome too common to all Generals, that they make most use, in time of desperate service, of those that doe best serve them, and when once they have experience of their valour, they never omit to employ them on the most dangerous exploits; and for reward, they onely doe commend their valour, when others are scarce remembred at all.

Here also I did see, that on hot service, [ W] nothing can be more comfort∣able, than the getting of a timely reliefe, as we did get of the rest of our Re∣giment, for having long smarted under the mercy of Cannon and Musket, in hot service, so that a Souldier was not able to handle his Musket for feare of burning, having shot so oft, till his shoulder did ake; who can thinke, but to such a one a reliefe was welcome: truely I thinke no man that hath his foot in the fire, but would gladly take it out: yet I perswade my selfe, there were some here, who would suffer to burne before they retired with disgrace, or discredit, their honour being so deare unto them. The best proofes a Souldier can inferre of his valiant courage, are his wounds got

with credit, not running away, and the best exhortation a Leader can give common Souldiers is, to shew himselfe couragious, and then, without words, with a signe, some will follow him, in imitating his example.

Here also I did observe, that the Dutch are not the best Souldiers in ex∣tremitie of danger, though I confesse for the discharge of all dutie, other∣wise very obedient, till it come to extremitie, and then commonly they make a Cloake of discontentment, and call for money, as they did this day. Likewise I cannot say, but Horse-men are usefull many times, as they were here; yet in my opinion, in their service, they are not to be paralleld to foot: For at the in-taking of Townes, and in hilly and mountainous Coun∣tries, that are straight by nature, they are not usefull, neither can they doe but little service, yet for their great charges, they are much harder to be entertained: Therefore my choice shall be ever, as most credible to com∣mand on foote, and if I were worthy to advise a King, or a Generall follow∣ing warres, I would wish him to esteeme more of his foot Officers, than of his horse: then fewer should serve on horsebacke, and more on foote; and as his Charges should be lesse, his profit should be the more, his Armie the stronger, his Countrey lesse spoyl'd, his contribution to maintaine his Armie, the better payd, his treasure richer, his Victories more frequent, and more durable, his Conquest the better maintained.

This I dare presume to affirme to be all true, out of my little experience, and which is more, all the time I have served, where I have heard one fault imputed to a body of foote, I could instance ten defects in our Horsemens service: for the worst sort of them being too much given to plowndring, makes them neglect their duties, which fault also is too Common amongst many of their Leaders, though I have knowne some honest men amongst them free from this imputation: and for a King, or Prince, that must defend his Countrie, by sea, (as our noble Mr: the King of Dennarke was) I would advise him, as unprofitable for his service and country, not to encertaine strangers in this kinde, so being their charges would far surmount the benefit that could redound by their service, yet I cannot say, but the Rhinegrave his Regiment was the only Regiment under the King at this time, that did best service, which was ever praise worthy.

Likewise, I have found by experience that those who fight best in occa∣sions, [ X] have ever the best of it, though they chance to suffer losse, if it come to a retreat, commonly they are most respected and come first off, as we did at this time, and it is ever better to fight well, and to retire timely, then for a man to suffer himselfe to be taken prisoner, as many were that morning after our retreat: and in occasions, I rather choose to die honourably, then to live and to be prisoner to a churlish fellow, that perhaps would keepe me in perpetuall bondage, as many brave men are kept; or other∣wise, at my taking, to be scurvely used, being stript naked by a Villaine, and then, if I lacked monies about me, to be cut and carved, and at last, poorely put to death, being naked without Armes to defend my selfe. My advise then is to him that cannot resolve to fight well, that he resolve accor∣ding to his station, and charge, to be well furnished of money, not onely about him, but also, to have money to the best in a sure place, and in sure hands to maintaine him, being prisoner, and to pay his ransome; or other∣wise, let him resolve to remaine in perpetuall bondage, except some noble friend or other have compassion on him.

Likewise I would advise all worthy Souldiers, and Officers going on service, if they can, never to want some monies about them, that, if they chance to come as prisoners in undiscreete hands, they may cast a bone in the doggs teeth, to curry favour of the cruell curre.

I did also observe here, that continency is a vertue very necessary for a Souldier, for abstaining from many inordinate appetites, that followe his profession, that he may the better suffer hunger, cold, thirst, nakednesse, travell, toyle, heate, and what else patiently, never mutining for any defect: for it is the greatest victory we can attaine unto, to overcome our selves, and our appetites. Likewise I did observe, that Kings, and Generalls are ve∣ry courteous to Cavaliers, while as they stand in neede of their service, [ X] in making their use of them, but the occasion once past, oft times they do looke on Cavaliers at a distance, as if they had not imployment for them; which should teach Cavaliers, to take their time with reason of their Masters also; and then they might care the lesse for them (being strangers or for∣raigne Kings) while as, they would disdaine them, having still a sure re∣treate to their owne King, and Master. Here also I found that a friend in neede was better then gold, for had not the Duke of Wymar beene our friend we had bin left behinde at the passe, and beene prisoners the next day with the rest of the Army. It is therefore ever best to do well, come after what may; for vertue in despight of envy, will not want a reward: And a stout Marriner that hath ridden out the storme with losse, as we did this day, re∣joyces in the calme, when it comes; and he is said to merit the Crowne, that hath fought valiantly.

It is also very necessary, that at such service, as this was, if we have time, that we be carefull, to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service, that died honourably before their enemies, to be laid in the bed of honour, in burying their bodies, as becomes Christians. We are also tied in duety to our Camerades, that were with us in danger, if either they be woun∣ded, or mutilated, to care for their safeties, so far as lieth in our power: And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies, to the publique weale of our Camerades, and countrimen dead or living, but we ought, with the hazard of our owne lives, to bring off the dead and hurt.

An example of this duety, we have in the person of the President of Chas∣sangne treating of the Iewes law, that did command, that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied. Casar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey, and wept at his death, as Valerius Maximus re∣ports in his fift booke, and sixt Chapter. [ Y] Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service, and David calls them blessed, that were so thankefull, as to have buried Saul. Iudas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile, and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne, Hanniball did burie, the body of his enemy Marcellus, as Valerius affirmes. It is also expedient, for the common-weale, that the bodies of the dead be buried: and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus, Alexander, and Cæsar did recommend their funeralls to their friends, as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me, which we performed in the best manner we could, for the time. If Pagans had such regard to their burialls, Chri∣stians should be more carefull, whose bodies sometimes were the recepta∣cles of the holy Spirit, and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image.

Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras. Where thou findest the dead, put them in the grave (with a certaine marke) and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection: and the wise Ancients said, men should looke unto the end. My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen, and women, that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service, to consider, that when these gentlemen, and Cavaliers were borne, that they were marked and ordained to die honourably, fighting in the good cause; and for the liber∣ty of our Kings daughter, the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue, under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master, who for her Majesties libertie, did hazard not onely his life, but his crowne; let them then that are interessed, as said is, in this our losse consider againe, that they died with great honour, and reputation, seeing they live eternally in their fame, having laid downe their lives, as servants of the publique, if not for their country, yet at least, as cannot be denied, for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue: It then became them well, to have died standing. Therefore those mothers, [ Z] friends, or Sisters, are to be condemned, that mourne for them that live (after their death) in their fame, and though their griefe be great, let them shed no teares, for feare it become of them, as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia, mother to Futius Geminus, who was killed at Rome, for having wept at the death of her sonne, that had lost his life in the publique service, as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals, and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead, and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith, Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe, to the end you do not over-mourne, as those do, that are with∣out hope. Therefore, let us forbeare all teares for those departed, and if we should mourne, let us mourne with teares, even those most pretious teares for sinne, these are the Christian teares, that should be shed from our hearts, to reconcile us unto God, those teares are as the bloud of the soule, hurt and wounded with the sense, and feeling of our sinnes, before God these are the teares, that drawe Gods mercy upon us, as David cried unto God in the 56 Psalme. Thou hast counted my wanderings, and put my teares in thy bottle, are they not in thy Register? Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends, and at the losse of the day; Yet ô God, make us thankfull unto thee, for our deliverance, that we may rejoyce at our owne safety.

The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea.

HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg, the night (the friend of Co∣wards) coming on, what we durst not have done by day, being favou∣red by the mooneshine, when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day, begun to take rest, and refreshment by their fires, in the Leager all Guards relieved, and centries set out, being all of us, after a great storme in a quiet calme, we begin to take our retreat to the water:

our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before, and our Colo∣nell also; we follow, having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board, which orders were willingly obeyed, perceiving the dan∣ger was to follow, and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor, and from thence to Denmark to be cured. I supplying the place of the Major, our Regiment orderly re∣tiring from the enemy, Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell, who before were companions in the day of danger, in the night did march toge∣ther leading off the Regiment to be secured, and I bringing up the Reare, ac∣companied with some other Officers; we had no doubt of our safe retreate: the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner, taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men; we marched but softly, Py a Pyano: at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore, and drew up in bat∣tell attending the Colonells command for shipping, who had gone him∣selfe unto the Roade amongst the ships, to provide shipping, but could get no obedience, the feare was so great amongst the marriners; having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day, feare so possest them all, that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey: and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us, we made use of the time, our Camerades the horsemen having come before us, who ever begin confusion, were without orders, forcing ships to take in their horses, and had already possessed the whole Bulworke and shipping with their horse, I asking my Colonells leave, drew our whole Colours in front, and our Pikes charged after them; our musketiers drawne up in our reare by divisions, fortifying our reare in case the Enemy should assault us in our Reare, and then I advanced with our Colours alongst the peere, our Pikes charged we cleered the Peere of the Horsemen, suffring them to save themselves from drowning, where they found the Channell most shallow, and advancing thus to the end of the Peere, we seazed upon one ship with some horses in it, where we set our Colours, and making that ship launch off a little from the shore for feare of being aground, having mann'd the ship∣boat with an Officer, and some musketiers, we sent to force other ships out of the Roade to launch in and serve us, untill such time as the most part of our Regiment were shipped except some Villaines, who were gone a plundering in the Towne; but not knowing the danger they were in, they stayed all night from us and were taken by the enemy the next morning. Thus having shipped our men we were forced to quit our Horses and baggage: the Officers that were most diligent, as Captaine Monro and my brother Obstell, were bu∣sied the whole night ferrying souldiers from the shoare, especially the sicke and wounded, who were not able to helpe themselves: In the morning I shipped three boatefulls of wounded and sicke men, till at the last I was beaten from the shoare by the enemies horsemen. And my Colonells ship being under saile layd up to the winde, attending my comming with the last fraught, and then we followed the Route of the fleete, seeing the enemies Army drawne up in battell, horse, foote and Cannon, and our Army of Foote and horse opposite unto them; where I did see six and thirty Cornets of horse, being full troupes without loosing of one Pistoll give themselves prisoners in the enemies mercy, whereof the most part tooke service: As also I did see above five Regiments of foote, being forty Colours, follow

their examples, rendring themselves and their colours without loosing of one musket. Iudge then, judicious reader, though we were sorrie for the losse of our Army, if we were glad of our owne safeties: I thinke we were, and praised be God with no discredit to us, or our Nation; for none can be blamed that doth what he is commanded: thus following our course the third morning we arrived before Flinesborrie, where our Randezvouz was appointed, and having sent a shoare for some victualls, whereof we stood in great neede, no man was blamed to provide for himselfe at such time, when the whole Country was to be left to our enemies mercy.

His Majesty being there, after hearing the certainty of his great losse, re∣solved to secure Denmark; having lost Holsten & Yewiland we got orders with expedition all of us to ship, and to hold forth our course unto Assens in Den∣mark, where his Majesty promised to meete us to dispose further of us, for his Majesties service, and we making saile follow our course and orders. At our parting the Rhinegrave with his Regiment did come thither the enemy at his heeles, and he at spurres following the King, till he had gotten the passe made good betwixt Holsten, and Yewtland, and his Majestie once safely arrived in Denmark, the Rhinegrave quitting Yewtland unto the enemy follows the King unto Denmark: We landed at Assens of our Regiment eight hundred Souldiers besides one hundred and fifty wounded and sicke men and being put in good quarters, we rest us, leaving the enemy to rest in the fat land of Holsten, and Yewtland, having a good broad and deepe fossey betwixt us, we were by Gods mercy secured.

The seventh Observation.

HEre we see that the losse of a day, [ Z] is the losse of a great part of his Majesties Kingdome: for the losse of his Armie was the losse of Holsten and Yewtland, so that here below we have no assured estate, from the King to the Clowne, whereof we have frequent examples in Hi∣stories, which should make none of all estates to glory too much, either in their peace, or prosperitie, as the Holsteners did: for though now thou be in peace and securitie, as they were before this day, thou oughtst to looke unto thy selfe, and to prevent the worst better than they did.

Therefore to discharge a part of my dutie to my Country-men and friends, I minde here somewhat to touch the misery of man through the in∣constancy of humane affaires. Isidore writes, that it was the custome at Con∣stantinople in the dayes of the Emperours Coronation, while as he sate in his Throne, a Mason came to him, presenting stones, that he might choose which he would to make his Tombe of, thereby putting him in minde of the in∣constancy of humane fragilitie. We reade also of a simple Citizen in Italy, that became one of the most powerfull men in Italy, and coming to the dig∣nitie of a Prince, being thirtie yeares, without interruption, in great prospe∣ritie, tranquillitie and peace, yea ever in the most dangerous time of warre, and his Children raised to high honours and dignities; this man thinking himselfe to be above the winde, a whirle-winde of warres, unlooked for, came on him and his from Florence, that he with his wife and children were taken prisoners, and sent to Millane, his goods consiscated, he was shut up in close prison, and died miserably: the Venetians appropriating unto them∣selves all his money he had in Bancke.

We reade also of one Francis Force, that through his heaping up of wealth came to be made Duke of Millane, and after that intitled himselfe to be the Sonne of Fortune, and the Oracle of the Princes of Italie, being many yeares in prosperitie, was afterwards chased from his goods, as the Holsteners were then, but having recovered his lands and goods againe, he grew so insolent and proud of his prosperitie, that at last he was taken prisoner, and was kept till death in prison; mockt of the whole world, for his pride and greedinesse. The same Author Guicchardine in his seventh Booke in the 157, doth record of the Bentioles chased out of Bullon, where they long were in peace, the sub∣jects of Millane being forbidden to receive them, the chiefest of them died of griefe, having never before tasted the Cup of adversitie: And so became of sundry in Denmark, that for feare did send away their goods by shipping unto the Craggs of Norway, to be kept there, whereof some were lost by Sea, and the owners afterward died of griefe, not having the courage to under∣goe patiently their Crosse. The Lord of his mercie preserve my Countrey and Friends from the like Visitation. Let no man therefore flatter himselfe with prosperitie, riches, or honour, as Agapetus adviseth us in his Politique Apho∣rismes. All are borne alike, come of dust, our glory then should be of ver∣tue, and not in riches, prosperitie, or honours; for we should esteeme of no∣thing so much, as of Gods judgements, praying his Majestie continually to divert them from us, esteeming more of our soules, than of deceivable ri∣ches, whereof the possession is uncertaine, as was seene at this time, both in Holsten and Yewtland, their riches went faster away than they came, and though they could have enjoyed them, yet at last they were forced to leave them to others. Since therefore we can carry nothing with us, but our good name, let us be ever carefull of that, discharging, so farre as we may, with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man, and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of, though the world should turne to nothing.

Here we see this magnanimous King his estate falling for his love to his Niece, the distressed Queene of Bohemia, and her Children, [ A] seeing her bani∣nished from her Kingdome by the sword of her enemies, he hazards the losse of his Crowne and person, to get her restored, bringing the sword of his enemies within his owne Countrey, fortune having crossed him abroad: yet for all this, this Magnanimous King was not dejected, but with a coura∣gious resolution makes use of the time, retiring to one corner of his King∣dome, to prevent the losse of the whole, being naturally fortified with a broad graffe, as the Isle of Britaine; being strong of shipping, having his Majestie of Britaine to friend, and the Estates of the united Provinces, he was carelesse of the Emperours forces by Sea or Land, not being able to harme his Majestie more than they did.

By this example we may see, what advantage our Soveraigne, the Kings Majestie of great Britaine, hath over all forraigne Kings in Europe, through the scituation of his Dominions, being mightie in power of men, shipping, and money, is able to make warre abroad, where he pleaseth, and to make a safe Retreat, when he pleaseth, being Master at Sea, as he can easily be, terrifying his enemies with one Armie abroad, and a strong Armie at Sea, he can offend whom he will, and retire when he list, forcing all Europe to be in feare of him, and his Majestie in feare of none, but of the King of Kings. The Lord therefore preserve his Majestie, his Children and Sub∣jects, from the power of forraigne enemies; and I wish a great part of my

friends and Country-men were so farre addicted, to seeke the restitution of her Majestie of Bohemia, and her Royall Issue, as I am; the warres then should never end, till they were restored, and I avenged of my friends bloud, and mine owne, shed in the quarrell.

Here also I did observe his Majesties circumspection, in preventing the Emperialists, in coming by water unto his Kingdome, having beset all Fin∣land with strong Garrisons of Horse and Foote, which kept strong guards, and good watch by night and by day, at such places on the Coast, as was most in danger of the enemies over-setting, till in the end, the enemy was forced to retire his Armie, leaving but a few men in Garrison in the Townes, which lay on the Coast, which Garrisons his Majestie with shipping did of∣ten visite, to their great hurt, with strong parties, retiring againe, having done his exployt, [ B] at his pleasure in safetie. This Magnanimous King, to my know∣ledge, deserved to have been worthily thought of, and well spoken of, for his noble enterprizing of the warre, being Leader and Generall in so good a cause. And though the successe was not answerable, I dare be bold to af∣firme, it was none of his Majesties fault, for his Majestie not onely bestowed much in advancing of it, but also did hazard himselfe and his Crowne in maintaining of it. Neverthelesse, there are alwayes some Cynicks, that doe barke at his Majesties proceedings, without reason; where we may see, that no man, no nor Kings themselves can escape the lash of censure, and none can eschew to be traduced by the ignominious aspersions of the male∣volent tongue. Therefore it is good to doe well, and then we need not care what is said; except the sayer put his name to his assertion, and then he may be made to foote his Boule, in maintaining of it, or unworthily to refuse it. Here also I did observe, that no Armour nor passe could remove the Generalls feare; for having once imagined the enemies over-coming, he was never fully setled, till he was safe a ship-board. And therefore I did see at this time that verified, that when man distrusteth God, it is then just with God to leave man to himselfe: for after our Retreat, being on the Roade, the Generall, being thronged in his owne Ship, could not command a Ship to transport his servants, till I forced a Ship for his Excellencies service; which should teach all men in Authoritie, while they have command, to command with discretion, lest the wheele should turne, and then they should be beholding to those, whom before they commanded.

Here also I did see mutinous Souldiers well rewarded, and it may be sooner than they thought; for the day before those that call'd for money when they were commanded to goe on service, the next day I being a Ship∣board did see them turne slaves unto their enemies being taken prisoners, robbed both of Cloaths and money, and kept long in bondage, being for∣ced to serve against their Conscience, such was their folly in calling for money when it was no time to tell it. Having at this time left our horses and baggage to our enemies, I observed somewhat on the love of men to those beasts, and the love of beasts to their Masters, as worth the noting, to con∣firme the kindnesse that should be entertained amongst Christians, and men of one profession; [ C] my brother Obstell, of worthy memory, had a Horse of our owne Country-breed, that was so familiarly acquainted with his Soul∣diers, and with the noise and touch of Drumme, that the whole day on our march, when his Master went a foote, he unled followed the Drumme a little aside from the Company, halting when they halted, and moving when

they moved fast or slow. Another Horse I left, that being in Wismer Leager, having rode out one day to a wood, halfe a mile from the Leager, to cause to cut timber, leaving my Horse standing alone, and my Cloake on my Sad∣dle, a Rutter coming by, unknowne to me and my fellowes, steales my Horse away, who finding himselfe in strangers hands, skips loose, and runs to our Leager, being chas't and hunted at by more than a hundred Horse∣men, out-runs them all unto the trenches, and running through the Leager, stands before my Tent, my Camerades wondering what became of mee, thinking I had been killed by the Horsemen, come and make search for me, and finding me, tell me of my Horse.

These beasts I have remembred for their love, for which I will set downe some particulars concerning the addresse, fidelitie, and bountie of some Horses; whereof I have formerly read. Plinie protests their prayses cannot be expressed. We reade of the Numidians, that were so much redoubted of the Romanes, that in their warres, they would at spurres, runne their Horses in middest of their enemies, without a bridle to governe them. In the Bat∣taile of Cannes, Hanniball returning the next day on the place of Battaile, to looke more narrowly to the place, a Romane Knight halfe dead, hearing the noise of people, lifted up his head, of purpose to have spokē, but his voice failing, died: with the last gaspe, by Hanniball there roade a Numidian on that dead Knights Horse, who knowing his Master, begun to move his eares, to bray, and to leape, and rebound with such fury, till he casts the Numidian to ground, runnes through the dead bodies, and stands before his dead Master, and leaning downe his necke and shoulders, sheweth the desire he had that his Master should leape on him, to the great astonishment of Hanniball, and his followers. We reade also in the warres of Germanie, in the yeare 1176 the Dukes of Saxon forced by Armes to submit themselves to the Emperour Henry the fourth, giving the Emperour for pledges of their fidelitie, two yong Princes, Sonnes to a Marquesse, which were carefully kept in a Castle, that was very strong, the Captaine whereof moved by Compassion, and wonne by some presents, suffered them sometimes to goe abroad to take the ayre, and to ride their Horses thereabout: The Captaine going a hunting, takes these young youths with him, the prey found and hunted, shee is followed by all, not thinking of any other thing: The youths spurring hard out of sight, follow their course till they come to the River of the Maine, where they request a Fisherman to transport them in his little Cane or Boate to Mentz, offering him their little scarlet Cloakes for pay: The Fisherman helpes them from their Horses, and takes them in his Boate, and rowes downe the River, their Horses swimming after them to Mentz, where they and their Horses were graciously welcomed.

Plinie writes, that Horses wept at their Masters deaths, and it is recorded, that the Horse of Cæsar wept: foretelling his Masters death, and I perswade my selfe, the gentle Reader could adde somewhat to this purpose, if he li∣sted, but thus farre to animate Christians to love, respect, and cherish their Camerades, and not to kill and backbite them, [ D] as too many are too ready to detract from others, to adde to themselves: a wrong way; for honour is compared well to a chaste Maide, that will never love them who would ra∣vish her, but being courted shee may be moved.

Here I must not forget that dutie I owe to the remembrance of that wor∣thy young Gentleman, Arthur Forbesse, Sonne to a worthy Cavalier, of fa∣mous

memory, Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse, being a worthy valou∣rous sonne, descended of a valiant Father. This young Gentleman being deadly wounded on service, and with hazard brought unto our Ship, within two dayes dyed. Likewise a Gentleman borne in the Isles of Scotland, cal∣led Alexander Mac-Worche, being wounded in the head, and shot in the arme, the enemies Horsemen shooting at him with Pistols, he leapes from the shoare, with his cloathes on, notwithstanding those wounds, and swimmes to my Cosen Captaine Monro his Boate, and being brought in died the next day, and was much lamented for of his Camerades, as a Gentleman of great hope.

I did also observe here, the inconvenience that happens to many brave Officers and Souldiers given to plundering, gathering together a little boo∣tie for spending, which brings them commonly into their enemies hands, their punishment being farre more grievous, than their purchase was delight∣full, and yet I thinke, the Guilt is worse than the punishment. To which purpose I will onely here inferre one Story. A Pythagorian bought a paire of shooes upon trust, the shooe-maker dyes, the Philosopher is glad, and thinks them gaine, but a while after his Conscience touches him, and be∣comes a perpetuall chider, he repaires to the house of the dead, casts in his money with these words; There take thy due, thou livest to me, though dead to all besides. [ E] Certainly, in my opinion, ill gotten gaines are farre worse than losses with preserved honestie. These grieve but once, the others are con∣tinually grating upon our quiet, and he diminishes his owne contentment, that would adde unto it by unlawfulnesse; for looking onely to the begin∣ning, he thinkes not of the end. But in my opinion, if plundering, or making of bootie, at any time be excusable for a Souldier, it is onely in respect of the circumstances. Our friends being forced to quit their Countrey and their goods to their enemies, before it should inrich the enemy, it were not amisse to take it, or destroy it either with fire or water, before it were profitable to our enemies; and in this point onely I doe allow of this bootie making, providing it doe not hinder men from the discharge of their duties, in time and place: otherwise, our best goods, being impediments to the discharge of our honest dutie in our calling, are to be throwne away. And for mine owne part, a few bookes left by my friends, which mine enemy might have burnt, was all the bootie that ever I made: neither doe I repent me of my neglect in this point; having seene many make bootie, who had never the happinesse to enjoy it long. His Majesties care, in fore-seeing the safetie of Denmarke, merits praise: for by the preservation of Denmarke, his Majestie, like a skilfull Gamester, recovered againe all that he lost. Therefore we ought never to grieve for any thing past, but for sinne, and for that alwayes. And he spake well, that said, He that hath himselfe hath lost nothing.

The eight Dutie discharged of our Quartring and Mustring in Fune, and of the Colonels going for a Recreute unto Scotland.

HAving happily arrived in Denmarke, at Assens in Funland, our Colo∣nell goes a shoare to understand of his Majesties will and com∣mand, and being graciously welcomed, is made to dine at his Ma∣jesties Table: after dinner his Majestie discharging then the dutie of a Gene∣rall Quarter-Master, who wrote with his own hand the names of the dorpes ordained for our Quarters: as also did appoint a faire Hoffe, to receive all our wounded and sicke men, where they were to be entertained together, till they were cured, and to that effect, his Majestie graciously ordained skil∣full Chirurgians, diligently to attend them, being an hundred and fiftie, be∣sides Officers; then we got orders to land the Regiment, and to draw up in a convenient part, till our sicke and wounded were first directed to quarters, and then to appoint our Watch (viz.) two Companies to watch at Assens, then having gotten Waggons, for transporting of our Colonels baggage and spare Armes, the severall Companies Quarters dealt out, the Furriers sent before, to divide the Quarters, every Company led by their owne guids, we marched off severally, by Companies, as our severall wayes did lie unto our Quarters, where we had rest for our former toyle, and good entertain∣ment for our spare dyet, so that in a short time, we were all sufficiently re∣freshed, without feare of an enemy. Neverthelesse, our Watches were due∣ly and orderly kept, and relieved by course, every second night: then Or∣ders were given by the Commissaries to give in our Rolles, for mustering of us, that his Majestie might know, what losse we had sustained on service, and that those that served well might be rewarded: we mustered sicke and whole neere nine hundred men under Armes, besides Officers, having lost on service, foure hundred men, that were killed in the place, and taken in our retreate. Before our coming to muster, Newes was come to his Majestie of the losse of the Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten, Stathoulder, Ransowe his chiefe residence, where Major Dumbarre did command, and was killed. The par∣ticulars of this service I referre to the next Dutie discharged.

The Major being killed, I having discharged the duty in his absence, by my Colonels respect to me and his Majesties favour, I had Patent given me, under his Majesties hand and Seale, as Major to the Regiment: as likewise Captaine Lermond his company then at Luckstad, being vacant, through the death of the Captaine at Hamburgh, was also disposed unto me; and orders were given unto the Commissary, that mustred us, according to my Patent to place me, as Sergeant-Major over the Regiment, which all duely obeyed by the Commissary, the Drummer Major, accompanied with the rest of the Drummers of the Regiment, being commanded, beate a bancke in head of the Regiment. The Commissary having his Majesties Patent in his hand, makes a speech, signifying his Majesties will unto all the Officers of the Regiment, and without any contradiction placed me Segeant Major, and delivering me my Patent takes me by the hand, as the Colonell did, Lieve∣tenant-Colonell with the whole Officers of the Regiment, wishing me joy, with the generall applause of the whole Soldateska, which ceremony ended,

the Regiment marched off, by companies unto their severall quarters as be∣fore; The Colonell conveyed by his Officers unto his quarters, the Offi∣cers were appointed the next day, to meete at the Colonells quarter to re∣ceive money, and to understand further of the Colonells resolution, con∣cerning the standing of the Regiment. At their returne the next day, they received two monthes pay for the Officers, and one moneths pay for the Soldateska, with promise of winter clothes. But the Souldiers coming into a good fat soyle, clad themselves honestly, which made them want com∣misse clothes; Yet none of us could say, but we served a liberall, and a bountifull Master: the money first payed by the Commissaries, they give orders in his Majesties name for keeping of good discipline over the Regi∣ment, whereby the Boores should not complaine on the Souldiers Isolencie, which they needed not to use, getting willingly from the Boores both meate, and mony, with some clothes: Neverthelesse, there were alwayes amongst the one and the other, some churlish Rascalls, that caused complaints to be heard which made our proforce or Gavileger get company and money, for dischar∣ging his duety: for neither Officer, nor Souldier escaped due punishment, that was once complained on, untill such time, as his Majestie was satisfied with justice, and the party offended. Thus continuing in our duety, the Colonell anew doth Capitulate with his Majesty, for bringing over from Scotland a thousand men to recreute the Regiment. [ E] Officers were appointed of every company to go for Scotland, and for the most part the Captaines went themselves, leaving their Lievetenants in their absence to command their companies. The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe, did go un∣to Holland: I being left to command the Regiment, the Colonell and his Captaines Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey, Captaine Annane, Captaine Monro of Obstell, Captaine Forbesse, Captaine Sinclaire, Captaine Iohn Monro, and Lievetenant Robert Stewart, the Barron of Fowles followed them in the spring, for leavying a company also. They being gone, I was commanded by his Majesty to take orders from Generall Major Slamersdorph then resi∣dent at Odensee in Funeland, who immediatly after their going away, com∣manded me to take my quarters in Assens, where we kept our watch, seeing that part of the country was most in danger of the enemies pursute; where I had question with the Major of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse, who should give out the orders in the Garrison, which did bring an emulation betwixt our Souldiers and the horsemen, so that in severall rancounters had in the Garrison, three or foure on each side were killed. To prevent this disorder, the Generall Major with some other associats came to Assens and held a Councell of warre, the businesse considered, the Major of Horse is removed to another Garrison, and Rut-master Cratsten is put with his Troupes in Assens, and the command of the Garrison was given unto me. Notwithstanding whereof our camity with the horsemen did continue a long time, till the Rhinegrave himselfe had given orders to his whole Officers, examplarily to punish those insolent Rutters, who should be found to live otherwise then brethren with the whole Scots Regiment, so that by that time the coldnesse removed, we lived at more quiet during my being there, which was not long.

The eighth Observation.

FIrst here we may see the wisdome and magnanimity of this King not cast downe with the losse of his Army, nor with the losse of the halfe of his country, but preventing his further losse for the safety of his country, and good of his Subjects, he with expedition, drawes himselfe and the remnant escaped of his Army within Denmark, to preserve them for a second fitter opportunity; As also to encourage his Subjects, that through feare, were on the flight by water unto other Nations, carrying their substance with them, feare comming unawares, having heard of their Kings losse and overthrow abroade, fame dispersing the rumours of the losse, [ F] much worse then it was, the people were so afraid, and so fearefull, that they enjoyed nothing without a frighted minde, no not their sleepe: they trembled at the present miseries that might but come, they were anticipa∣ted in a more horrid habit, then any enemy could put them unto, meeting with evill before it came, making things but probable as certaine, as when one may sit even in a boate, he is in no danger, yet through feare stirring, he may drowne himselfe, and others, as we see often in battell that the va∣liant man constantly keeping his ranke, doth live, when as the feeble cow∣ard by stooping thinking to save his life, he loses it; when the brave soule knowes no trembling. Cæsar spake like Cæsar, when he bad the Marriners feare nothing. And this invincible and Magnanimous King, though ruf∣fled by Cæsar, yet he encourages his subjects, by exhorting them to feare no∣thing, going at all times himselfe betwixt them and all dangers, he being the first many times ingaged, and the last coming off, casting as it were, through his valour, a kinde of honour upon God; believing in his goodnesse, casting himselfe in danger, trusting and confiding in his care onely. Not like an unworthy coward that eclipses his sufficiency, unworthily doubting that God will bring him off, unjustly accusing God, his power or his will, making himselfe his owne Saviour, he becomes his owne confounder.

But this magnanimous King setting his care upon God, and using the law∣full meanes, for his country, and kingdomes preservation, winning the love of God, and of his subjects, establisheth himselfe, and his Throne in despight of his enemies. Here also I have observed that good service done to a noble and liberall Master, as this King was, cannot be without reward: Therefore let the servant deserve, and the Master will recompence, if he be such a just Master as we served, where both loved each others, for their generous worthinesse. Who ever then is a servant, if he suppose his lot hard, let him thinke on the other part, that service is nothing els but a free mans calling, and comfort himselfe with the example of Kings, that are but ser∣vants (though more splendid) for the common-weale; and as this King our royall Master served for his country, let us that are servants serving strangers serve truely where we serve, for our countries credit, our owne weale, and our eternall fame which must live after us. This magnanimous King through the experience he had of our former true service, is desirous to have more of our countrimen to serve him, as we may see by the new employment laid on our Colonell and his Officers; Also on divers other Noblemen of our country, to bring unto him three other Regiments as

Nidesdale, Spynie and Murckles Regiments, we being the first that shewed them the way to be employed by his Majesty.

Here I will exhort all brave Cavaliers, of minde to follow the laudable profession of Armes, not to grudge, though their advancement or prefer∣ment come not at first, but with patience to awaite on Gods blessing, since preferment comes neither from the East, nor from the west. But it is the blessing of the Lord, given by man as the reward of vertue.

Who ever then would be famous by preferment, let him first study to be diligent and vertuous in his calling, and then doubtlesse God will dispose of him as he thinketh best for his owne Glory.

Here we see that the Barron of Fowles, of worthy memory, thought it no disparagement at first to follow my Lord of Rhey and his Regiment, as a voluntier, till he had seene some service, and attained unto some experi∣ence, and then beginning with a company, coming at last with credit to be Colonell over horse and foote, and that to animate others of his name, and kindred to follow his example, rather to live honourably abroade, and with credit, then to encroach (as many do) on their friends at home, as we say in Scotland, leaping at the halfe loafe, while as others through ver∣tue live nobly abroade, served with silver plate, and attendance.

Officers of one Regiment ought to live as brethren together, not envying one anothers advancement, entertaining no other emulation, then the e∣mulation of vertue, every one serving truely in their Stations, till such time occasion may be offered, for their advancement by degrees: for though their patience may be the longer, their credits will be the more, and their contentments at last will make them forgo and forget their former toyle, and disturbances having come to their proposed marke, though not altogether to their wished end. [ G] Here also we see that good discipline is requisite for keeping good order, that as vertue is rewarded; so vice may be punished: as we may see by the institution of the Emperiall lawes, whereof one we reade constitute by the Emperor Frederick the second in the code of Iustinian, bea∣ring that the labourers of the ground might live peaceably with assurance o∣ver all, staying in their villages, labouring the ground, so that no man should be so bold, as to presume to take any such men prisoners, or to offer them any violence in destroying their Beasty all, or in takeing their goods from them, condemning them to death that did contemne, or violate his ordi∣nance.

And Cyrus going to warre, commanded no man should trouble the la∣bourers. Xerxes commanded the like, saying, the warres were against those that caried Armes, not against Shepheards.

Bellisarius that brave Commander under the Emperour Iustinian, was so strict against souldiers that troubled the Boores, that the souldiers going by the fruityards durst not throw downe one Apple, and for his good order kept, victualls were cheaper in the Campe then in Townes.

Procopius in his third booke of the Gothes warres in Italy reports, that Totilas King of the Gothes observed the same strict discipline in Italy, suffring the Boores untroubled, for paying the contribution.

Nicephor Gregorius affirmed, that while as in the front of an Army mar∣ched insolency and violence, orderly came in the reare defeate and ruine. And now a dayes the Turkes do observe stricter discipline in their Armies then Christians do; in so much that their Captaines must not suffer their

Souldiers to goe into Orchards or Vineyards, as they march by. And as order is necessary in an Army, so it is in a Regiment requisit to be kept, and punishment also to be used, for banishing all villany from a Regiment, as Gluttony, Drunkenesse, Whoredome, Opression, Playing, Diceing, Roaring, Swaggering: for it is not seemely that those, who should over∣come others, should suffer themselves to be overcome with any such notori∣ous vices; neither ought a brave fellow to vaunt of his valour, since it is not tolerable to kill men with words, without coming unto blowes; But he that comports himselfe modestly is to be commended.

Here also we see that the Emulation and strife begunne amongst Superi∣ours and Officers of quality, [ H] brings at last the same amongst their inferiours and followers; as was seene in the disorders and quarrelling betwixt our Souldiers and the Rhinegraves horsemen, which was wisely prevented and taken away by the wisdome of their Commanders, that carried mutuall love and respect to each others: for the mutuall good deserving of both Officers, which was the chiefe instrument of their reconcilement, and taking away of their jarres, and idle quarrelling, arising of ostentation, an un∣worthy fruit growing out of Dunghills, withering faster then it groweth, their jarres thus once removed, thereafter our love waxed so great, that where we chanced both to be on one service, as at Wolgast, where we stood in neede of helpe, the Rhinegraves Regiment, especially Rutmaster Hoomes un∣der God made our Retreate safe, as you shall heare in its owne place.

Here also I cannot passe over with silence the love that ordinarily is seene betwixt Officers, and their followers: being once put under good discipline they will undergo any thing for love of their Commanders and Leaders, who have taken paines and diligence in excercising them in the perfect use of their Armes, and in leading them bravely on occasions before their ene∣mies, in making with exercise their bodies strong, and their hearts valiant, then I say, what will they not undertake for the love of their Lea∣ders? Truely, I must confesse, they will stand a thousand times more in awe to incurre their Officers wrath, whom once they loved through love, than in any wise, thorough feare of any punishment, that may be enjoyned unto them by Lawes: and if they love and respect their Officers, for feare to of∣fend, even in their Marches, for their Officers credits they will march so or∣derly with Armes in their Rancks and Files, that you would thinke a whole Regiment well disciplined, as this was, were all but one body, and of one motion, their eares obeying the command all as one, their eyes turning all alike, at the first signe given, their hands going to execution as one hand, giving one stroake, yea many stroakes all alike, ever readie to strike, or hold up, as their Commander pleaseth; and thus exercised they were, that their enemies in all Rancounters could not but duely praise them, calling them the Invincible old Regiment: which alwayes rancountred with them on all occasions, so that Mac-Keyes name, was very frequent, through the glorious fame of this never-dying Regiment, never wrong'd by Fortune in their fame, though divers times, by their enemies valour, they sustained both losse and hurt: but would to God, we had alwayes met man to man, or that our Army had consisted all of such men, and such Officers, whereof, I was the unwor∣thieft! If so had beene, our conquest had extended so farre, [ I] as the Romanes of old did extend the limits and borders of their Empire, which for my wish I would bestow on the Prince Elector Palatine, borne by the Iewel of Europe,

the Queene of Bohemia his Royall Mother; and if it were at my distribution, he should have all from the River Euphrates at the East, to the Ocean Sea at the West, the fertillest part of Africke at the South, and the Rhine and the Danube at the North; and yet I durst affirme, that his Grand-father King IAMES of blessed and never-dying memory, might merit a farre greater possession for his Grand-childe, the Illustrious Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine; and to have an Armie of such men, under his command, to be aven∣ged on his enemies. I would wish their cloathes nor mine owne, came ne∣ver off, till his enemies were made his footstoole to tread on, or to shew mer∣cie, at his Highnesse pleasure: And for my wish, his Armie should be all of Britaines, Dutch, and Irish, such as Vegetius describeth the Romane Souldiers of old: and I, as one though unworthiest of a thousand Britaine Officers, would undertake to make such brave lads to dwell Summer and Winter in Tents, ever in readinesse to fight with our enemies, and to endure all incom∣modities, for the credit of such a Master, banishing far from him with vali∣ant hands well armed, all the craft, power, and subtiltie that his enemies were able to devise against him: And we should, for his sake, be contented with such allowance as the Emperiall Lawes allow a Souldier, being one∣ly so much as might maintaine life, or so much as Beasts get that are put to dyet, and we should be content to march with such expedition, without in∣termission, without quarter or Garrison, as neede requireth, never staying behinde, but alwayes advancing, consenting willingly to undergoe cor∣rection, if we did to the contrary: but to march ever orderly in Rancks, as the way lay rough or even, foule or faire, as our Colours and Leaders went before us; Never quitting our Rancks, but with licence, till the cause were wonne, or that our Masters Throne were established. And if otherwise we went astray, we should be content to quit our allowance: and if this dis∣cipline were not strict enough, we should be content to have his Highnesse and Royall Mother restored, to doe as our Fathers did coming out of Egypt, marching alongst the spacious and wide Desert, that our Randezvouz might be appointed and set, till we arrived in Cades, that is to say, in the holy Land, where being victorious, we should bid our Master farewell, and rest with our Fathers.

The ninth Dutie discharged of Major Dumbarre his Service at Bredenberg.

THis noble Cavalier, of famous and worthy memory, having done no∣table good service at Beysenburg Skonce on the River of the Elve, as was formerly set downe, at his retiring to Lugstad, he was com∣manded with foure Companies of Scots, and certaine Dutch, the enemy having falne into Holsten, his order was to beset the Castle of Bredenberg, being a passe, but not strong, nor fortified in Forma. As I was informed by a valourous little Captaine, Captaine William Lumsdell, who then was Ensigne to the Major, who onely at that time escaped with his life, from the fury of the enemy, being within the house, while as the rest, in the fury, were put to the sword: This Gentleman who informed me, was with the Major wal∣king abroad neare to the house at the enemies first approaching, so that the

enemy unawares did come so neare, that they retiring to the Castle, had scarce time to draw up the draw-bridge, when the enemy with his forces, being, as was thought, ten thousand strong, led by Tilley, had the house en∣vironed on all quarters. The enemy sends a Trumpeter, summoning to ren∣der the place, which was refused. Whereupon they entred to approach, and the Defender resists. The service thus begun, Comoedian-like, ends very Tragically, the whole Court and lodgings running with bloud, with which the walles and pavement are sprinkled with our Scottish bloud, to be viewed and seene to this day. To be particular in the discharge of this dutie at large, not having seene the service, I will not, lest I should erre in giving notice un∣to the world, of things I did not know; but by report, which ordinarily holds not so true, as things we have both knowne and seene. In this house of Bredenberg there was a great number of men, women and children, besides the Souldiers, that had taken their flight thither, as to a place of refuge, at the enemies first coming into the land. There was also in this house great store of riches, belonging to the Lord of the house, and to the Fugitives, that was brought from the Country. The Major valourously defended the place for six dayes, untill the time they had approached unto the moate, and shot two severall breaches in the wall, and being so neare, the enemy directed a Drum∣mer unto the Major, to see if he would Parle; But the Drummer returned with an answer, that so long as there was bloud in Dumbarres head, that house should never be given over: which answer so incensed the enemy against them, that they sware, if they got the upper hand over them, they should all die without quarters. Shortly after the answer was returned, the Major was shot dead in the head with a fire-lock; The rest of the Officers were ashamed to Capitulate for an Accord, the Major having refused: immediately after, Captaine Duncan Forbesse was killed, and after him, Lievetenant Barbour, and then Captaine Carmichell, who had no charge there, but came by accident to visit his Camerades before the Enemies coming, whose fortune was not to es∣chew the payment of that debt by longer continuation. The Enemy then passing the Moate or Fossey, with a generall storme, scorned all quarters, and being entred, cruelly put all to the sword, making no difference of qua∣litie, age, nor sex, but all alike cruelly put to death: so that five or six at most escaped, whereof Ensigne Lumsdell miraculously was one.

The Enemy before this house was taken, as I was informed, lost above a thousand men, which made the Enemies crueltie the greater; and of our Regiment were killed above three hundred. And it is reported, that after the fury was past, they made inquisition for the Majors body, and having found it, they ript up his breast, tooke out his heart, sundered his gummes, and stucke his heart into his mouth; they also killed the Preacher, who being on his knees, begging life, was denied mercy.

The ninth Observation.

HAppie is he who opens the fruitfull earth, and croppes her plentie from her fertill bosome, tasting the harmony of peace, singing a∣way his labours all day, having no note drowned with noise of Drumme nor Cannon, but sleepes with peace at night, not over-awde by the Tyrants of the earth, leading the Rancks of bloud and death, as these cruell murderers did at this time, by their monstrous and prodigious massa∣cre,

breaking the peace of God, swimming in Christian bloud, without mer∣cy to Officer, Souldier, or Preacher, heaping up wrath on their own soules, against the day of their appearance before that great Iudge, that shall judge both the quicke and the dead.

Out of our enemies crueltie used here, [ K] we ought to learne to forbeare the like, lest one day we might be used as they used our friends and Country∣men: for we may be revenged on our enemies crueltie, repaying them in a Christian manner, without making Beasts of our selves; in not shewing mer∣cy being sought of us, which is to be more cruell than Lyons, who will not stirre those who stoope unto them. And there is no greater token of inju∣stice, than to doe that unto another, that we would not have done unto our selves. And would'st thou have mercy that refusest to shew mercy, being sought of thee? No truely; it is just with God, that he misse mercy, that re∣fuseth mercy unto others; and to have courage without mercy, is to bragge of vertue, and lacke the right use of it.

Was there greater perfidie in the world than was used here at the in ta∣king of this house, willingly to harme the dead, and the innocent? For to wrong an innocent Preacher, was savage, beseeming a beast, not a man; and to give a stabbe, as was done here, for the innocent smile of an Infant, was devillish blacke at the heart. We reade in the Turkish Story of a childe, that strucke an intending murtherer into a swound with offering to embrace him. Would to God, all those that refuse mercy, were so stricken dead, to terrifie such tyrants as they were! And I perswade my selfe, none but villanous per∣sons, being Commanders ever suffered the like to have beene done without moderation: but, I hope, haughtie and violent minds will never blesse the owners; but that by Domineering they shall fall like Duft.

This worthy Cavalier, of famous memory, after his death thus unchristi∣anly used, let no man judge by his end, that he in his life time used any man but generously: for I dare affirme, though sometimes he was subject unto passion, it continued not long, he being of a good, sweet, and milde nature, and very kinde and constant, where he professed friendship, and as devout in the profession of his Religion, professed in Scotland, as became a good Chri∣stian being sincere. [ L] And commonly his custome was, leading Troopes on service, till he came in Action, he went before them bare-headed, praying for a blessing to his actions, as he hath told me himselfe; having asked a rea∣son for this his manner of carriage, he scorned in all his Onsets to have been any thing but a Leader, alwayes teaching by the strongest authoritie, his owne forwardnesse by his owne example: And as his humour scorned to be so base as to flatter, so he did hate to be so currish as to bite. But he was ever indued with inviolable Amitie, joyned with invaluable love; and as he was couragious, so he was constant; in the one, withstanding his enemies, in the other, entertaining his friend. In a word, he was a resolute Christian, and a man truely honest; and therefore I perswade my selfe, his death was but the beginning of his joy, and the end of his misery: having therefore written nothing amisse of him, I neede desire no pardon. But I know some men will object, as a blame in him, that he refused a Parlé, while as there was no appearance, either of reliefe, or holding out: to which, I cannot other∣wise answer, than he answered himselfe to some of the Officers that were most inward with him, which was, that he was sorry the charge of the bloud of so many soules did lie on his shoulders. But if he should give o∣ver

that house, he was perswaded, the King his Master would cause to hang him, seeing he had enemies about his Majestie, who would make him die, though innocent. Therefore he resolved to die honourablie, rather than his name should be brought in question, and then to suffer at last. Here also we see a poore Minister in his last Act giving good example, not terrified with the horror of death, nor crueltie of his enemies, but on his knees being deni∣ed of mercy from man, begs mercy of God, dying as a Martyr, persecuted un∣to Death.

A happie death to him, being resolved with God and his Conscience, to die innocently, like a valiant Souldier of Christ, incouraging others, even in the last Act of his Calling! A happie man, dying in sinceritie, time shall not out-live his worth; he lives truely after death, whose pious Actions are his pillars of remembrance; for though his flesh moulder to drosse in the grave, yet his happinesse is in a perpetuall growth, no day but addes some graines to his heape of glory.

The tenth Duety discharged of our March unto Lowland, leaving three Companies in Fune.

MY Colonell and his Officers being parted for Scotland to bring over a Recrew, I being left to command the Regiment: In November I received orders from his Majesty to leave three Companies in Funland and to march my selfe, with the other foure Companies, and the Regiment staffe unto Lowland: the reason of our march was: the Emperi∣alists having by shipping crossed the Belt, and taken the Isle of Feamor un∣der their contribution, Lowland the Queene Mothers dowry being next unto it, and without souldiers, his Majesty was afraid the enemy out of Feamor might set over with shipping, destroy the land, and retire againe, seeing there was no fortified City within Lowland, though it was the Fertilest soyle within Denmark: to prevent this inconvenience, I was ordained to march thither, and to quarter the Companies in the most convenient parts of the land, and to remaine there during his Majesties will, having onely charge to watch where our Garrisons lay, and the Boores were ordained to watch night and day alongst the coast, at such places where the enemy might land: This march though short was tedious, being in the middest of winter the wayes deepe and foule, being fat clay ground, the best and fertillest part in Denmark; and the march was the more troublesome, that we were forced in the winter time to crosse the Seas over the Belt twice.

Marching through Langland, having quartered there a night, there happe∣ned an odious complaint to be made on a souldier called Mac-Myer of Monro his Company, for forcing the Boores daughter, where he quartered. The Boore complaines to the Commissary, and the Commissary to me; to satisfie justice, we called a Councell of warres (having our Auditor with us) of the Regiment Officers; the businesse exactly examined, according to his Majesties Articles, the souldier was condemned to die, and to be shot at a post, to terrifie others by his example from the like hainous sinne: The soul∣dier getting time for that night to prepare himselfe for death, the minister

instructing him of his duety, the next morning the companies drawen to Armes, a Guard was directed to see the execution, the souldier couragious∣ly and Christianly resolved, being tied to a post was shot dead by his came∣rades, who without any delay executed the command laid on them by the malefactor, whose Corpes was presently buried. The next day having shipt, we crost over unto Lowland, where, according to his Majesties orders, we were well quarteredand courteously received. The Colonells company and Sr. Patrick Mac-Geys with the staffe, were quartered with me in Marbe, Captaine Mac-kenyee his company were quartered in Rubee, and Captaine Monro his company in Necoppine, where the Queene mother did remaine.

The tenth Observation.

HEre I did observe that wisdome and vertue were the best Guards of safety, [ M] the one securing the soule, the other the estate and body: for this magnanimous and wise king, by his fore-sight and wis∣dome, did prevent the evill (by a timely fore-sight) which his enemies might have brought upon this isle of lowland, being the richest part within the kingdome, for corne a magazin, and a garner for forraine countries: it abounds also in all sorts of fishes, the ponds belong to the gentry, making great commodity of their fish, being sold in the cities and country, that are not licentiat to have the like of their owne. the gentry of this land are much given to policy and oeconomy, following the example of their king, having great stalles and stables, containing above foure hundred oxen, and their stables some threescore horses, being well fed and made lusty, they are sold to the germaines, which yeerely brings unto the gentility great store of money: this iland abounds in deere and wilde foule.

this country is also plentifull of wood for building of ships, where his majesty every yeare hath some builded by his owne master builder, a worthy gentleman begotten of scots ancesters, called mr. sinclaire, who speakes the scottish tongue, and is very courteous to all his countrimen which come thither. the citizens also of this iland, being very rich, build ships for their owne use, and some they sell unto strangers.

my hoste the burgomaster of marbo, sometime furnish'd his majesty for building of his ships, to a reckoning of one hundred thousand rex dolors, so that in a word, in this little ile of lowland I did observe vertue to be habituall in it, and so was the peoples goodnesse distributive unto us and our soul∣diers, so that during our residence there, we were so welcome, that all things smil'd upon us, where it was my fortune one night to have gotten his majesty to be my ghuest, having then my quarter in the burgomasters house, and though he was a king, I perswade my selfe he was contented with his entertainment, being both good and rare, whereof truely I had a good deale, but my ghuest departed by three of the clocke in the mor∣ning without bidding me farewell; yet being his majesties will, I was well pleased, having sate up all night I was not for attendance in the morning, which his majesty at his departure gratiously did excuse.

to returne then to my observation, [ N] I did see and learne here the truth of that proverbe in his Majesties person, that the wise man only is the cun∣ningst sencer; no man can give a blow so soone, or ward and keepe himselfe so safely as the wise man, and nothing is to be placed above him, but God,

the King of Kings and giver of wisdome. To live is common, to be wise and good particular, and granted to a few: many I see wish for honour, for wealth, for friends, for fame, for pleasure; I desire but those two; ver∣tue, and wisdome, which both I saw in this Magnanimous King, and in his country people following his Majesties example. We finde not a man that the world ever had so plentifull in all things, as was Solomon: yet his re∣quest was but one of these two, though indeed it includeth the other; for without vertue, wisdome is not; or if it be, it undoes us at last: and to returne to my observation, in my judgement it may be said of this Magna∣nimous King, as was said of Cæsar, Semi-Deus est: for as he is valiant, [ O] so he is learned, Ex utroque Rex, being valiant and wise, a Prince of an excellent spirit, capable of all good things, as I have seene, and observed in him: he is learned in the liberall sciences, and understands well the Mathematicks and the practise of fortifications, as a souldier studied in the Lawes, joy∣ning Armes with Iustice, two great helpes for the government of a Prince∣ly dignity: he handles well his Armes, and is expert in riding of horses, a strong man for wrestling, as all Europe affords, able for to give strokes, and the levellest shooter with a peece, that ever I did see; for with a pistoll he never misses a dogge in the head he shoots at; for experience in warfare, nothing inferiour to the greatest Captaines we reade of, easie to come to, and very affable, patient to beare with heate, cold, hunger, and most dura∣ble in travell; and if I were to wish for the personage of a man, mine eyes did never see his like, for a stately majesticke person, whom ever I will great∣ly respect and love for the good received, and shall be ever ready to serve him against all his enemies, my Gracious Soveraigne onely excepted, and his deerest Sisters Royall Issue, to whom I have vowed my best ser∣vice.

Here also in this Kingdome I did observe, [ P] that there is nothing mooves subjects more to obedience, then the opinion they conceive of their Princes care and diligence, in the conservation of his Kingdome and subjects; and experience teacheth us, that the obedience due to Kings by their subjects is weake, if it be not grounded on feare and respective reverence. As authori∣ty is gotten by honourable and convenient carriage: so oftimes we see it is lost by evill carriage. So that all greatnesse destitute of vertue doth vanish in an instant; and therefore the Poets did say, that honour and reverence were the childrenbegotten of Majestie and authority: the example wher∣of, we have in the person of Charles called the wise, who having seene France ruin'd by the former warres, under his predecessors Philip and Iohn, Normandie and Piccardie possessed by the English, and having Edward the third to deale with, the best and happiest King ever England had, who defeated the French in two Battells. This Prince resolved to keepe the rest, finding it to be as good to governe by counsell as by force of Armes, he did nothing rashly nor unfore-seene, but his designs were all well prem editated and dige∣sted, making choice of men wise, valiant, and knowing how to command in warres. Edward seeing his sword thus blunted, and the course of his vi∣ctories by the wisdome of Charles interrupted, said, who did ever see one out of his chamber to give a man so much adoe without Armes? Thus Charles was so wise, that his enemies did make no difficulty to praise him, for he not onely freed his people from misery, but also gathered afterward a great treasure for his sonne, being called rich, as he was wise, and being

respected of his subjects, and of his enemies, as this Magnanimous King of Denmark is, for his prudence after his warres, is as much to be commen∣ded, as his valour was in preserving his subjects & Throne from his enemies, being redacted to a corner; and his counsell served also well, for the good of his subjects, the estate of his Throne, and for the recovery of his losses. And therefore Cicero said, that counsell availed for the good of the State as well as Captaines, for it is oft seene in effect, that by the good advice of the one, the others have happily drawne, and governed their swords; And in another place he saith that Agamemnon Generall of Greece, did never wish for ten such great Captaines as Ajax was, but rather ten wise counsellours, as Nester was, which made Cicero so often to proclaime the honour due to eloquence above valour, saying, Cedant arma togæ, concedat laurea linguæ: but joyned together, as in this Magnanimous King of Denmark, they worke one to anothers hands, for the establishment of his Throne, which I wish so long to continue as the world. Here also we may learne to eschevv vice by the punishment inflicted upon this souldier for his exorbitancy, in having ravish'd a virgin of her honour, he was bereft himselfe of life, by Gods justice, punishing man for sinne examplary to others.

Against this sinne of ravishing Emperours ordained punishment, [ Q] to wit, to lose their heads, and their goods also to be confiscate, but the law of the Canonists treates more meekely with ravishers, suffering them to marry those whom they ravished: But the Lord judgeing more severely, steeping his rods in viniger, ordaines stricter punishment for such malefactors. To eschew therefore the committing of such villanies, I will here set downe some remedies to hinder man from such vices, that we may eschew the like punishment. [ R] The first remedy then is to abstaine from the excesse of wine and meates, not to be drunke with wine, wherein there is dissolution. The second remedy is to eschew idlenesse and too much sleeping, which is ene∣my to travell and diligence. The third, to eschew the company of un∣cleane persons, whose delight is in filthy communications, for he that will touch pitch, must be defiled with it. Evill speeches corrupt good manners; and with Wolves we learne to howle and cry. Dina the daughter of Iacob desiring to see what was not convenient, neither for her shamefac'tnesse, nor for the respect she ought to have carried to her fathers house, was ravished, violated, and was the cause of greater evill. The fourth remedy is to keepe both women and maides in a convenient modesty of a chast behaviour, without which there is a doore opened to all villany and filthinesse, which is able of vertue to make vice. The other remedies are, to live soberly and vertuously in ourcallings, eschewing evill company and filthy communi∣tations, loving rather to take paines in our callings, remembring our duty we owe to God, in not delighting in any uncleannesse, that we may eschew the malediction hanging over the heads of those, which continue in their filthinesse without repentance, abusing the long suffering and patience of the Lord our God and Father.

To conclude this observation, there are lawes and justice observed as well among souldiers, [ S] as in other governments, and the strictest justice that is, with least partiality: our lawes are the Kings Articles, we are sworne to obey our President or Iudge, he amongst us present having the command, to whom his Majesty joynes, as assessor to the Iudge, an Auditor for doing of justice, our Assisers or Iury we have not to seeke (viz.) a competent

number of thirteene of our owne Regiment, Officers, Captaines, Lieve∣tenants, Antients, Sergeants and Corporalls, till our number be full: our Proforce or Gavilliger brings in the complaints, and desires justice, in his Majesties name, to the party offended, and to his Master the Kings Majesty or Generall, that fuers or leades the warre; and every Regiment is bound to have an executioner of their owne, which if the Regiment wants, the Colonell is obliged to hire another to doe the execution for paiment, and sometimes as the crime and the person is respected, that is to suffer, he is honoured to be shot by his camerades, or beheaded, not suffering an executioner to come neare him. Other slight punishments we enjoyne for slight faults, put in execution by their Camerades; as the Loupegarthe, when a Souldier is stripped naked above the waste, and is made to runne a furlong betwixt two hundred Souldiers, ranged alike opposite to others, leaving a space in the midst for the Souldier to runne through, where his Camerades whip him with small rods, ordained and cut for the purpose by the Gavilliger, and all to keepe good order and discipline; for other lesser faults, there is ordained slighter punishments, as Irons, standing at a poast, his hands bound up above his head; likewise sitting on a Treen or woodden Mare, in some publicke place, to make him ashamed of his fault: As also sometimes to stand fix or seaven houres longer than ordinary at the centrie posture; as I was once made to stand in my younger yeares at the Louver gate in Paris, being then in the Kings Regiment of the Guards, passing my prenti∣ship, for sleeping in the morning, when I ought to have beene at my excer∣cise, for punishment I was made stand from eleven before noone, to eight of the Clocke in the night Centry, Armed with Corslet, Head-piece, Brace∣lets, being Iron to the teeth, in a hot Summers day, till I was weary of my life, which ever after made me the more strict in punishing those under my Command.

The eleventh Dutie discharged of our expedition by water unto the Isle of Feamer, and of the in-taking of it.

THE twenty-second day of March 1627. his Majestie having come in person to Lowland with two thousand five hundred foote, having appointed Randezvouz at Rubie, I had orders to repaire with all dili∣gence to the Randezvouz, with the foure Companies commanded by me of our Regiment: his Majesties intention being to ship at Rubie, to fall on the Enemy upon the Isle of Feamer, as being too neere in neighbourhood unto Denmarke: for preventing of their evill, his Majestie resolved to visit them before they should visit his Country, and in the extremitie of a bitter frost we were all shipped in open Skouts or Boats, where we lay three dayes with contrary winds in the Road very much perplext, and troubled with the ex∣tremitie of cold weather, being hard frost and snow: the storme continuing we were appointed to come ashoare, and to retire to our former quarters, till orders were sent us to rise againe, so that the sixt of Aprill we shipped a∣gaine. And on the eighth we anchored before the Island, where the enemy with diligence planted Ordnance for hindering of our landing. But was re∣payed againe by our Ordnance ten for one: During which service, we were

landing our Souldiers with small Boats by twenties and thirties. The enemy with Cannon and musket giving continuall fire on us, till at last seeing a strong body of Souldiers landed, and he having no horsemen to second his foote, he was compelled to retire his Cannon, making his Retreat to a strong Fort they had built of purpose on the Island, leaving the rest of the Island and the Cities at our mercy; the Townes being of no strength.

Before it was darke we were all landed, with our Cannon and Amunition, incamping for that night in the Fields, keeping strong Guards and diligent watch. The enemy being discouraged, we had not so much as one Alarum. The next morning his Majestie marched towards the Fort with his Forces and Artillery, and having himselfe recognosced or spied the Fort, retired, giving orders for our severall quarters: Our Souldiers were entred to worke the approaches, which were ordained and assigned to us to approach on. The enemy being scarce of victualls, and knowing of no reliefe, resolved as his best course to Parlé, and having sent forth a Drummer, which being re∣ceived, and the Parlé granted, pledges being delivered Hinc inde, the accord goes on, and is presently agreed upon. The conditions granted to the ene∣my were somewhat hard, (viz.) that they should leave their Armes, Bag∣gage, and Amunition within the Fort, and that they should come forth in his Majesties reverence, of mercy, or of none; which accordingly they did undergoe. But before their out-coming, there was a prohibition given to all our Souldiers, that no man should wrong or injure them: Neverthelesse, at their comming out, the Country Boores (ever cruell to Souldiers) re∣membring the hard usage of the Souldiers to them in the Winter time, see∣ing them come forth unarmed, ranne violently upon the Souldiers, knock∣ing them pittifully downe, they caused great disorder, so that in the fury the Count of Mongomrie, Colonell to a French Regiment, was knockt to the ground, and left for dead, being taken for a Walloone, or one of the ene∣mies Officers. This insolency of the Boores continued (in killing the poore Souldiers) till by his Majesties charge, I was commanded to put my Souldiers to Armes to suppresse the Boores, which was presently obeyed by my Souldiers, who againe robbed the Boores of that they had taken from the enemy, and withall were well knockt. The Tumult appeased, the enemies were sent away by Boats to Holsten, where they were put ashoare, and left; his Majestie then refreshed his Troopes for three dayes, during which time, the Island was brought under Contribution to his Majestie, and a Governour with a Garrison being left on the Island to keepe them in obedience, and to hinder the enemies returne, we were commanded to be in readinesse for a second Expedition.

The eleventh Observation.

SCipio said, [ T] we were most in danger when we wanted businesse, for while we want businesse, and have no foe to awe us, we are readie to drowne in the mudde of vice and sloathfulnesse. So our Regiment having laine six moneths in idlenesse and sloath, eating and drinking, and sometimes doing worse, for lacke of employment in our Callings, falling out amongst our selves unnecessarily, and without reason abusing both Burgers and Boores, so that when we lacked employment, then was the Gavilliger and his Irons best employed, insolency domineering, so that when we came

to endure hunger, thirst, and cold on our shippes, we were growne so effe∣minate, that we could not sleepe without a good bed, our stomackes could not digest a Gammon of Bacon, or cold Beefe without mustard, so farre we were out of use, till this Magnanimous King came to lead us, who in a short time, without the helpe of Physicke, cured our cloyd stomackes, hard∣ned our effeminate sides, in stead of a warme Chamber, made us contented with a hole digged in the ground, to let the winde and Bullets flee over us, making hunger our best sauce, giving us employment, and to our Gavilliger rest and ease at home.

O how bright then doth the soule of man grow with use and Negotiati∣on! Now could our Souldiers having made a little bootie on this Island, speake like Cleanthes, when he had laboured and gotten some Coyne, he shewes it his Companions, that he then could nourish another Cleanthes: even so our Souldiers shewing and telling their Camerades of their bootie, they rejoyced the hearts of their Leaders, whom before they had offended by their exorbitancy in their idlenesse, bringing joy with profit, when they were exercised in their Callings, banishing mischiefe from themselves by their diligence: for it is one of our greatest happinesse in our Calling, to have a minde and love to vertuous exercises, raising us daily to blessednesse and contentation; for every one shall smell of that he is busied in, and every no∣ble Action addes sinewes to the vertuous minde: where on the contrary, surely he must be miserable, that loves not to be diligent in his Calling, when he ought to employ himselfe; for if he growes no better, yet sure it keeps him from doing worse, not having time by his idlenesse to entertaine the Devill. When our enemies least looked for us, then came we with Bello∣na, summoning him to the Combate, but he obeyes not, and for his cowar∣dize we degrade him of his Armes, and banish him to some other corner to lurke in, seeing he lacked the courage to have made us sport at our landing, or to have given us an Alarum in our Quarters; to have once tryed what for Souldiers we were, or what resolution or conduct we had: for he ought to have busied us at our landing, as well with the spade and the shovell, as with the Pike and the Musket, and so we could have said, we had an Ene∣my, as we had not, but a flying dastard or coward.

This Fort was scurvily given over, which any resolute Commander could well have kept for three dayes, during which time, he had added to his owne reputation, and substracted doubtlesse from ours, by diminishing of our number, which at last would have made him get better Conditions of Quarters, and a more honourable Accord: for in such a case, I would choose before I came in my enemies Reverence without Armes, rather to fight to the last man, and if I chanced to be the last, I had rather die, being resolved, with resolution having Armes in my hands, than unawares, being unprepared, to be knockt downe miserably, when I looked not for Death.

Here I did see the Ingenier that built this Fort (who in time of working did oftentimes beate the Boores to make them worke) for his crueltie he was most cruelly beaten againe, and he running to his Majesties feete for re∣fuge (thinking thereby to escape) was on his knees crying for mercy, so hard pursued by the multitude, that before his Majestie he was cruelly bea∣ten dead, as the reward of his former tyranny, and so would God.

Here also we see, that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guil∣tie, as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie, being cru∣elly

beaten by the rascall multitude: which should teach all Cavaliers bea∣ring charge at such times, to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe, when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne, or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety; or if for pleasure they would looke on, they ought to be on their Guard, lest being taken for private men, they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster, as this Cavalier did.

Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of o∣thers. Here also we see, that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude, is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes, who are ever good servants, but more often cruell Masters. It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases, peremptorily to see that his accord be kept, which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow. His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland, so we see him carefull of the keeping of it, as his conquest, by leaving a Gover∣nor with a Garrison in it, to be his retreate, in case of neede, out of Holsten. We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke, accuses under hand the French, that did enlarge their territories by Armes, and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests, but on the contra∣ry did ruine themselves in the end.

The Emperour Augustus, having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East, he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them, as he travelled to winne them. It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany, that where he once set his foote, he was conquerour there. But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest; and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice, that lost his owne in hope of gaine. Examples we have of this at home without warres.

Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes, Toti∣las King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome, in his Harrangue made to his army concluded, that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd, then to winne it: for in conquering oftimes (as here) the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor, & to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice. That custome of the Turkes is commendable, that when he enters into his Chappell, the bed man of the Temple going be∣fore him, cries out aloud, that he remember, that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice, [ W] is to be maintained with the like: so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers, and in all well go∣verned estates. For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades, and for the benefit of my country, I will speake somewhat at large of the fury, cruelty and barbarity of the multitude, mutinous and superstitious, that we may avoid the evill incident thereto, I will set downe here my collections on this point, which occurred in my observation. The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians, sayes, the people are ungratefull, cruell, barbarous, envious, impudent, being composed of a Masse of fooles, naughty, deboist, and desperate: for all that is spoken by the wise, displeases the people that are incensed. And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes, writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth, he answered, it was the vulgar opinion, for all things they praise merite blame, what they thinke is but vanity; what they say is but lies; they condemne the good, and approve the evill, and

magnifie but infamy: And Nicholas Hanap Patriarch of Ierusalem, in his booke of the unconstancy of the people, hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose, and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great; in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne: for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search, or punish the rest, knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine, there was nothing to follow but mischiefe, where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty, as wit∣nesse here the Count of Mongomry, that ranne the hazard of death, being long bedred after his beating, without sense or feeling. And Thucydide did in his third booke, speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu, did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill, how much it was to be doubted, in so much that the Massacre being so cruell, that there was no villany left unpractised, and such strange things he writes of, that the Fathers did suffo∣cate their owne children, and those that were runne to the Churches for re∣fuge, were cruelly put to death; who pleases may reade the story, where it is set downe more at large. As also to reade the late Massacres in France, from the yeare 1560 to this present time, especially the Massacre of the twen∣ty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome, continu∣ing without respect of age or of sex, as well against the dead as the quicke, as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter: humanity was so farre gone from men; that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport, being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud, not sparing the inno∣cent, but doing to all, what the hangman doth to malefactors. Therefore Quintus Cur••ius saith properly, that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves, then the tumultuous multitude hath changes; [ X] especially getting li∣berty by a new government: And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Dec••d saith, so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves, or strike like Tyrants. Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie, a memorable example of sedition, moved in Palerne•• of Sicilie, where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader, amply described in brave termes, he having seene the Tragedy himselfe, where he complaines of the ruine of the City, Iustice and Lawes being abolished, avarice rife, and pride did reigne and domin••••r (a pleasant story to reade and make use of) in th•• day robbing unpunished, spoyling the Church in all confusion. Ari∣st••tle sayes well, that such changes come by them that have eaten up their ••wne, and have no more.

There was also sedition moved at Lisbone, in the yeare 166 by the fantasies of the multitude, that was a flood that tooke away almost all the Iewes, that were turned Christians, whereof there were killed above a thousand, and the Massacre continuing three dayes was never appeased, till at night the third day Arius Silvius and Alvare of Caster gentlemen, and chiefe of the Iustices, came with men of warre in Armes to Lisbone, and appeased the 〈◊〉〈◊〉. The Kings Majesty hearing the newes of this horrible sedition, be∣ing much grieved did presently send unto Lisbone two of the chiefest of the Court, to wit; Iackes Allmod and Iackes Lopes, with full power to punish the Malefactors of such cruelty, where publiquely there was executed a great number of the seditious popular, and the Priests, that moved them to the sedition, were first put off their charge, then hanged, then burnt, the Iudges and Magistrates that were sloathfull to suppresse that popular rage

and fury, were some deprived of their estates, and condemned to great pen∣nance, and the Towne it selfe was deprived of their priviledges and ho∣nours: I pray God to keepe my country from the like. Who pleaseth to reade the story, it is much worth, and of great observance for any good Christian.

Another notable story of the like we have in the beginning of the Reigne of Charles the fift successor to Ferdinand King of Spaine and Sicil, in whom did faile the race of the Kings of Aragon; the people being moved by a Monke continued long in seditions one after another, till God did re∣move it at last, and since they lived peaceable.

To conclude then this point, [ Y] it is a vaine thing to be a follower of the popular sort: for none is the better for their praise, nor the worse for their blame. And therefore Plutarch said well, that one man could not be master and servant of the people, otherwise, perforce it behooveth him to fall into inconveniencie; as we reade in the fable written of the serpent, the taile whereof came one day to quarrell the head, saying, he would goe his day about foremost, and not goe alwayes behinde, which being granted un∣to him by the head, he found it worst himselfe, not knowing how or where to goe, and became the cause that the head was all spoyl'd and rent, being compelled against nature to follow a part without sight or hearing to leade it. The same we have seene happen unto those who in the Government of the publique would do all things to please the multitude, and being once tied to that yoake of slavery, in all things to will and agree with the com∣mon and lower sort, that oftimes are rashly moved and without reason, howsoever they cannot thereafter come off and retire, hinder or stay the fury and rashnesse of the people. And therefore the great servant of God Moses did properly comprehend in the blessings promised unto the Israe∣lites their obedience to Gods lawes, that the Lord might establis•• them in the first ranke a head; in briefe that they should be as Masters, ant should not be subject. Reade Deut. 28.

The twelfth Dutie discharged of our expedition by water to Aickilfourd in Holsten, and of the intaking of it.

THe eleaventh of Aprill 1628 we got orders to ship againe, and being shipped we sayl'd along the coast of Holsten, till we arrived before Aickilfourd, where lay a Garrison of the Emperialists, being five hundred strong, halfe Dragoniers and halfe foote souldiers, having ancho∣red while we were providing for our landing, the Towne being no strength the Dragoniers marched away, leaving the Captaine of foote to defe•••• the place, who had a Skonce without the Towne, with a running line from the Skonce to the Port of the Towne, and thinking us to be but a weake flying party, that durst not remaine long on the land, seeing the enemy lay strong of horse, and foote neere by, he resolved as his best, to defend the Skonce without, whereunto he drew his strength: his Majesty commanded us to land our forces, and to storme the Skonce, he staying a shipboard looking 〈◊〉〈◊〉

us, we land in all haste, being allmost two thousand foote of severall Nati∣ons, English, Scots, Dutch, and French: all about equall strongth; we threw dice for the Avangard, who should fall on first, concluding those threw most should have the leading, and so successively to second one ano∣ther, having throwne sixes, the honour of the Avangarde or leading fell on me and mine; the English falling next unto us, having put our selves in order, and dealt out Amunition, recommending the successe to the Lord, by our preacher Mr. William Forbesse, companion of our dangers, and having di∣rected Ensigne Allane to recognosse or spie the best advantage, being reti∣red, I commanded Captaine Lievetenant Carre with fifty musketiers to a broken house, that flancked on the Skonce, giving him orders to give fire from thence on their backs, as we marched to them in front, and in case of their retreate to the Towne, to cut off their passage, or at least to march in with them. Thus done, I gave charge to my musketiers that no man should give fire till I commanded, but to follow their Leaders still in good order. The ground we were to advance on to the Skonce, was plaine as pavement; the Skonce not being high, our resolution was to storme with∣out giving fire, and as we advanced those of the Skonce did give three seve∣rall salvees of musket thundring amongst us, whereof some felt the smart, and Captaine Mac-kenyee was favourably shot in the legge, and I more fa∣vourably in the hilt of my sword, which afterwards I gave to Mac-kenyee. The most hurt was done to the English marching after us, led then by Cap∣taine Chamberlaine, a worthy and a valorous gentleman. [ C] In this time we were advanceing, our musketiers commanded by Carre, giving fire on their flancks wany were hurt, and the Captaine shot in the Arme seeing us give no fire, but marching hard to storme, he quit the Skonce and retired to the Towne, and enters the Port before us, shutting us out, and leaving a few hurt men behind him; we brake downe the Stacket, and the Towne not walled, we entred the broade side, and follow the enemy to the mar∣ket-place, thinking he would fight us there. But he retired into the Church, and shutting the doores defends the Church, shooting out he did us great hurt: our Souldiers not having forgotten their cruelty used at Bre∣denberg, resolved to give no quarters, and with a huge great ladder and the force of men we ran-forced the doore and entred. I thinking to get the Offi∣cers prisoners, entred withall, but could not finde them: incontinent per∣ceiving a great quantity of powder spread a thwart the Church, fearing the blowing up of the powder, I commanded every man upon paine of death to retire, the word not well spoken, the powder blew up, blowing the top of the Church, above a hundred were killed, and a number burnt piti∣fully, and I with Lievetenant David Monro standing behinde me, was al∣so pittifully burnt: the blast past, Captaine Chamberlaine entring, findes the Officers, and gives them quarters as his prisoners: of the souldiers few or none of two hundred and fifty escaped. The Towne was plundered, and his Majesty fearing the coming of the enemies Horsemen before our retyring, we got orders every man to shippe againe as we might best.

The twelfth Observation.

THis service being but short, having had adoe (as formerly) with a slight Enemy, my observation must be the shorter: but to my great griefe, as we found afterwards the next day, this dayes service was but like a pleasant Weathergall, the fore-runner of a greater storme; for they made bootie this day, that had not the happinesse to enjoy it eight and fortie houres, as you shall heare in the next Observation.

Our hap here and good-successe in making of bootie was soone restrained: no man, no beast, no creature, but hath some thing to ballast their lightnesse. One scale is not alwayes in depression, nor the other lifted ever high, but by the Beame is ever kept in motion; nothing but hath some thing to awe it: man with man is awed and defended, the world is but a perpetuall warre, and a wedding. When the Assyrian fell, the Persian rose, when the Persian fell, the Grecian rose; the losse of one man is the gaine of another. It is vi∣cissitude that maintaines the world. [ Z] Here (I say) our Souldiers made boo∣tie by oppression, which brought a sudden consumption with it, Hodie mi∣hi, cras tibi. The dying Flie lectures out the worlds mortalitie, and though frequent, miserable man never thinkes of his end, till it be too late, ever epi∣curing our selves with this worlds joy, till at last we are seazed on una∣wares.

Here I must not forget the memory of our Preacher Master William For∣besse, a Preacher for Souldiers, yea and a Captaine in neede, to lead Soul∣diers on a good occasion, being full of courage, with discretion and good Conduct, beyond some Captaines I have knowne, that were not so capable as he: at this time he not onely prayed for us, but went on with us, to re∣marke, as I thinke, mens carriage, and having found a Sergeant neglecting his dutie, and his honour at such a time (whose name I will not expresse) having chidden him, did promise to reveale him unto me, as he did after their service, the Sergeant being called before me, and accused, did deny his accusation, alleaging if he were no Pastour that had alleaged it, he would not lie under the injury; the Preacher offered to fight with him, that it was truth he had spoken of him; whereupon I cashier'd the Sergeant, and gave his place to a worthier, called Mongo Gray, a Gentleman of good worth, and of much courage. The Sergeant being cashier'd, never call'd Master William to account, for which he was evill thought of, so that he retired home and quit the warres.

Some men perhaps will blame our Conduct here, for pursuing men re∣tired to a Church, being a place of refuge. First, I answer, our orders we had of our Master, were to beate our enemies, in taking them Prisoners, or by killing them, which we could not effect, neither the one nor the other, without entring the Church.

Secondly; They having banished the Gospell, and the Preachers of it out of the Church, we had good reason to banish them, who had made of the house of God a Denne of theeves and murtherers, as they were at Bre∣denberg, having killed our Camerades, and massacred our Preacher, being on his knees begging mercy, and could finde none.

Thirdly; They treacherously retired themselves to a Loft apart in the Church, for their owne safeties, and left traines of Powder to blow us up

at our entry, which made our Compassion towards them the colder; for when the subject of our hatred is sinne, it cannot be too deepe; and for my owne part, I refused not to shew compassion on those, who did beg it of me, and what others did in their fury, I did tolerate, not being powerfull to hin∣der them: yet truly my compassion was so much, that when I saw the house ordained for Gods service defiled with their bloud and ours, and the pave∣ment of the Church covered over with the dead bodies of men, truely my heart was moved unto the milde streames of pittie, and wept, as is repor∣ted of Cæsar, when he heard how Pompey died. For in my opinion, pittie, [ Z] though she be a downy vertue, yet she never shines more brightly, than when she is clad in steele, and it is thought that a martiall mans compassion shall conquer, both in peace and warre, and by a two-fold way get victory with honour. And generally we have found and observed, that the most famous men of the world, have had in them both courage and compassion, and oft∣times wet eyes as well as wounding hands. Fabius did conquer, as well by delaying, as Cæsar by expedition. To end this observation, reason teacheth us to cast the bloud of the slaine upon the unjust Authors of it. That which gives the minde securitie, is a just cause, and a just deputation; let me have these, and of all others, I shall thinke this one of the noblest and most man∣ly wayes of dying.

The thirteenth Dutie discharged upon our expedition by water to Kele, and of our service there.

HAving retired all unto our shippes, his Majestie made saile againe alongst the Coast of Holsten, till we entred before night, betwixt two lands that goe up unto Kele, where by six a Clock at night we set saile, within musket-shot of the Towne: the Commander over the Gar∣rison doth keepe himselfe and his people very wisely silent and close, ma∣king his Majestie suspect there was no Souldiers in the Towne, providing for the worst, he expected his advantage at our landing: the whole night he was busied, and very provident, in working a running trench alongst the Coast, neare the height of a man under ground, over against our shippes, within the Pallessads, unseene or known of us, where in the dead of the night he lodged, and placed a thousand Musketiers, giving them charge, never to shoot, nor appeare, till first our Souldiers were almost landed: his Majestie not expecting the like, by seaven of the Clocke in the morning, turnes the broad sides of five great Shippes and two Gallies on the Towne, and shoots at once, for the space of an houre, so fast as they could charge, seaventie halfe Cartowes at every Salve, through and through the Towne houses, where many were lamed of legges and armes, and freed of lives. Never∣thelesse, the Souldiers within the Towne never gave one shot of Musket during that time, but the Sling-pieces from the Towne were spreading their Bullets thicke amongst our Fleete, which for the most part, shot over, do∣ing us no great hurt: in the end, our Cannon leaving shooting, his Majestie sent orders to set a partie of two hundred Musketiers a-shoare, we that were Officers met together in the Admirall shippe, and agreed to command out the partie, and having cast Lots, it fell on the Dutch: they suspecting the

danger, delayed, desiring the rest to command our alike, which we refused; seeing the Lot had falne upon them, except his Majestie would give a se∣cond command for it: thus contesting, we goe together towards his Maje∣stie, to know his Majesties further resolution, and we shew his Majestie of the Dutches delay, on whom the Lot had falne; his Majestie considering better resolved, the partie should be commanded proportionally of all Na∣tions alike, and to cast Lots who should send a Captaine to command them, the lot falling upon the English, they command a Lievetenant that supplied the place of his Captaine in his absence, the partie made ready, were sent from his Majestics Ship ashoare, being twelve Musketiers in every Boate, with their Muskets in readinesse; the enemy perceiving them coming, gives a Salve of a thousand shot amongst them, twice before their landing, so that the halfe of them were killed: yet the Lievetenant valourously led on the rest, and begins the fight ashoare, and continues the skirmish hot on both sides for one halfe houre, till the most part of our partie were killed, their powder spent, and perceiving no reliefe was to come, his Majestie ha∣ving considered the danger, the reliefe, though in readinesse, was stayd. The Lievetenant being the last man, retired with credit, being thrice shot, did come off, and died the next night. A Sergeant of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company, called Mac-Clawde, an old expert Souldier, and a diligent, sonne to Neale Mac-Clawde, was killed, and twenty-two Souldiers of the thirtie that I commanded out of our Regiment, the rest being wounded, for fault of Boates, came swimming in their cloathes to his Majesties Ship, and were taken in.

The partie thus lost, the enemy begunne to thunder amongst our Fleete, with two halfe Cartowes and six Sling-pieces, where leaving our Anchors, he was thought the best Master that had his Ship first under saile: His Ma∣jesties Ship being the last, was twice shot through, and two Constables were shot in two in the waste. Thus forced to retire with great losse, we hold on our course towards the Isle of Feamer againe.

The thirteenth Observation.

IN time of this hot service, no man could perceive any alteration in the majestie of this King his Royall face, but rather seemed notwithstanding of his losse, as it were, triumphing over his enemies, and comforting o∣thers, [ A] most graciously said. We ought not to be astonished, when things happen unto us beyond our expectation: and that which was more esteemed as a God amongst the Pagans, was extraordinarily changeable, sometimes taking part with one, and sometimes with another. In a word, this Magna∣nimous King did abate nothing of his former courage, or of his gravitie: So that his very enemies, if they had seene him at so neere a distance as I did, they could not but have humbly reverenced his Majestie for his magni∣ficke stature, higher than any ordinary man by the head: yet ashamed he was, to stoope for a Cannon Bullet, when they flew thickest.

And for the accomplishment of his vertues, Nature hath given him an extraordinary rich Presence, to wit, a face as manly as possible may be seene, worthy of a great King, well mixt in complexion, his eyes flaming and shi∣ning, full of courage, his beard browne, his nose A quiline, or Emperiall, his voice manly, winning the hearts of those that see or heare him; in effect,

A Royall King, full of assurance, without any feare at all, in respect of man: yet full of Majestie, amiable to his friends, and terrible to his enemies.

Here then we may see, that it is the LORD that Guards and keepes Kings and Princes from imminent dangers that environ them, whereof Histo∣ries both ancient and moderne, are full of examples of the miraculous delive∣rance of great personages from dangers.

One notable Story I will bring to confirme this divine protection, in sa∣ving Titus sonne to Vespasian, appointed for the ruining of Ierusalem, to sub∣due and punish the Iewes. Flavius Ioseph in his sixt booke and second Chap∣ter of the Warres of the Iewes, records of him, that before the siege was layd to the Towne, of minde to recognize, he fell unawares amongst an Ambush∣cade of his enemies, where then it was knowne, as much as ever, that it is the LORD who disposeth of the moments of warre, and of the life of Kings: for though Titus had no head-piece nor Corslet on his backe (having not gone to fight, but to recognize) of an infinite number of shot, shot at him, none touched him, though many were shot behind him those darts shot aside at him, he rebated them with his sword, and those shot low, he made his horse skip to eschew them. The Iewes perceiving his resolution, made great noise, exhorting one another to runne at him, and to follow him where ever he went. A rare example of a rare deliverance, where we see that he is well guarded, whom the Lord keepes. Here also we may see, what difference there is betwixt Commanders, he in Feamer shewed himselfe no Souldier; neither yet the Captaine in Aickleford: but this brave follow that comman∣ded in Keele, preserved himselfe and others, and that with credit; where we see, that where wisedome and valour doe meer, oft-times the successe is an∣swerable; and a mans discretion is seene when he abides a fit occasion, as this brave fellow did: where I sinde alwayes, that those are the best Com∣manders, that are resolute and remisse, not hunting before he sees his prey, and then with advantage, if he would catch,

Here also, experience deare bought did teach us, [ B] that it is better in com∣manding men on exployts, to command them proportionally out of divers Regiments, than to command them all out of one, which were to undoe a Regiment: and we see often, that the examples of the noble carriage of Of∣ficers, doe much animate and encourage their followers to well-doing; and it is a comely thing for the servant of the publique, to teach by exam∣ple, which makes his fame live after death, as this worthy English Cavalier did, especially being in the publique view of the King his Master, his Came∣rades, and his enemies, carrying their Characters from service, as the marks of his valour, without fainting, though wounded to death.

Here also our Scottish High-land-men are prayse-worthy, who for lacke of Boats, made use of their vertue and courage in swimming the Seas, not∣withstanding of their wounds, with their cloathes, shewing their Masters, they were not the first came off, but with the last; following the example of their Leader, they would not stay to be Prisoners, as many doe at such times, and never returne.

I did also observe after this dayes service, an alteration in the common Souldiers behaviour, while as before we were to send out a partie of com∣manded men, we were troubled with the Souldiers, striving who should goe out on the partie, every one desiring it should be he, but after this dayes smart once felt by their Camerades, they learned to be more wise, and to

stay till they were commanded, and then they obeyed, though not so freely as before.

Here also I will entreat thee, Iudicious Reader, to give me leave to di∣gresse somewhat, to discourse a little of Sea-fights, which occurred in the discharge of the last dutie, though not properly belonging to my scope. Yet in this retreat-making, as we were in danger of killing, so were we in danger of drowning, by the enemies Cannon piercing our shippes, repaying us for the hurt done by our Shippes and Cannon to their Towne and Soul∣diers, having in one houre discharged amongst them an infinite number of shot.

To give then notice to the Reader of his Majesties power by Sea, I will relate a Story of a Sea-fight, that happened betwixt the Swedens and the Danes, which was in the yeare 1564. the thirtieth of May: the Story is written by Gasperence in his Commentaries of the Swedens warres, as fol∣loweth.

Amongst other shippes, saith he, there was one which in greatnesse and excellent equipage, went beyond all humane apprehension, so that many affirmed, [ C] that fince the memory of man, the like of her was not seene on the North Ocean, which by the Swedens, in their language, was called Make∣lesse, that is to say, Matchlesse, carrying two hundred pieces of Ordnance. The Swedes Admirall, trusting much in this shippe, did employ his whole force against the principall Dane shippe, called the Fortune, furiously cannonading her, till he had shot her fourteene times under water, and a∣bove one hundred times above water, on her Masts and Shrowdes: the Conflict of the first day being doubtfull, both the Armies being much in∣dangered, the next day the Danes being sure of one side, next the land, and on the other side, having the Swedens Fleere, that pressed to make them ground, but the winde turned so, that the Danes having the winde at best, they chased the Swedens Fleete, scattering them so, that the Matchlesse be∣ing almost overthrowne by the strength of the Danes Fleete, was driven on a banke of sand, where she was burnt by the Danes with wilde fire, which the Danes launcht within her; the Admirall of the Swedens, called Iacques Bagg, and Arrold Troll, Councellour of the Kingdome, and a Lord called Christo∣pher Ander, were taken prisoners. The Swedens finding their best strength lost flie, being followed of the Danes, whose ships being shrewdly battered by the Cannon of the Swedens, that it was impossible to sayle, or keepe the Sea longer, but were forced to harbour till they were helped. Where we see, by the ruine of this great Hulck, that GOD is not pleased when men make such Cities of Timber; but on the contrary, ruines them, not suffering any to grow proud of their might.

Paul Iove in his seaventy booke records a story of a Sea-sight, that happe∣ned betwixt the French and the English: Two English Ships having pursu'd one French Ship, of an extraordinary greatnesse, called the Cordeliere, having sought long with Cannon, with fire-staves, and with Artificiall fire pots, in one instant were miserably consumed by fire, having lost above two thou∣sand men, burnt, killed and drowned, and lost in ground thought incredible, neere two hundred peece of cannon, as reports Hubbert Waleus, who amply hath written this story; and of the losse of those ships, he writes in his ad∣dition to the History of Gagwine.

Athene makes mention of some worthy observation, in his fift booke, and

fift Chapter. Ptlomy Ph•…•…adelph King of Ægypt had a great number of ships; amongst which were two, each one having thirty rankes of seates, call'd Trigniti-remes, so that they were marvelous great, and Ptolomy Philopater caused to build a ship, of two hundred and eighty cubits in length, and of f••rty eight cubits in hight from the Keele to the Poupe, with foure hun∣dred Marriners, and foure thousand Rowers: and that ship of Hieron Prince of Siracuse, built by the skill of Archimedes, was yet greater then this other, according to the report of Athene, who reports things seeming incredible being a worthy Author, which according to his account did carry two thou∣sand Tunnes, being a prodigious monster, so that there could not be found a sure harbour for that City built of timber, so that Hieron did send a pre∣sent of all the wheate and provision within her to the King of Aegypt, for the reliefe of his country. Plinius writes of another ship in Clandius Cæsar his time, that carried six score thousand bushells of corne, whereof the mast was so great that foure men could not fathom it, where we may see, how these Princes of ould delighted in making of things out of measure.

More of this we may reade in our owne story, of the ships built by King Iames the fourth King of Scotland, whereof one was such a huge great ship as ever was seene on our seas: she was so great, that Henry the eight and Francis the first, Kings of England and France through jealousie caused to build every one of them a greater ship then the Scottish ship, which being made ready, and put to Sea, were improfitable for Navigation, and this Scottish ship also was improfitable, being lost by Admirall Hamilton on an exployt at Bristoll. Where she being robbed of her equipage, she rotted on that coast by succession of time.

At Venice this day we beare of a faire ship, but not in comparison of these for quantity, of which Iustinian writes as followes, above water she is garnish'd with Columnes, many in number, guilded with fine gold. Whenany Prince or great man coms to Venice, the Duke & Senators to do him honour, leade him unto this ship, where before the mast on the highest stage or de∣gree, is set the Duks chaire, where the Prince is set amongst the Ambassadors, and the Lords of the privy councell, and all men about, on bankes set lower, all the Senators with great silence and gravity, sitting on those bankes un∣der them, are those that leade the ship, even by force against the streame, though the winde be contrary.

The territories of the Dutchie are seene, with the Dukes buckler, clad and covered with blacke, the ship is covered with Tapestry of velvet or scarlet, well bound that the winde may not discover those under it; at the Rudder there is to be seene, the Portrait of Iustice in cleane gold, having in the right hand a naked sword, and in the left a ballance: she is called Bucentaure, bu signifying great, and centaure, as the most ancient marke of ships built in the time of Sebastian Siano Duke of Venice; at the coming of the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa, for treating of the peace betwixt the Pope and the Venetians.

Osorius writes of the mighty ship of Dian, which alone fought against the whole fleete of King Manuell, and at last was taken: and in another place of the same story, he speakes of a great ship, called Resse, that fought va∣liantly against the Portugalls, and they being entred into her, there was made on the suddaine an artificiall fire, that so affrighted the pursuers, that they quit the Reffe, retiring the farthest they could from her, which fire did not

burne, being artificially made, and the makers of it could extinguish it when they pleased.

To conclude then this observation and discourse of ships; I did observe here before Keele, fire being entred into one of our ships, and the souldiers throwing salt water on it, it still burnt the more, till I made them throw fresh water, and then it was quenched, having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes. And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning, as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Ve∣nice, where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt, and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty; which verifies, that fire and water are good servants but evill masters. God make us thankefull for this deliverance, and from many more since, having beene in danger of fire, water, sword, famine, pestilence, and from the cruelty of our enemies.

The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten.

THis Magnanimous King, yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet, with the hazard of his person, lan∣ded againe in Holsten, his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen: of intention, there to bring his Army together, he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it, having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammu∣nition, to furnish his Army during that Summer, and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard, he advanced himselfe with a thousand men, to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode, a mile from the shore, naturally well situated, which might be put in defence with little paines, to hold up an Army. His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment, the Boores set to worke, I with the English and two Dutch companies, were made choise of, to Guard his Majestie and the workemen; the enemie lying strong with horse and foote, within two miles of us. The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers: by breake of day, a Corporall and twelve horse∣men of the enemies were sent to try our watch, or rather, to betray us, which were holden up by our outer centry, who calling to the Guard, the Guard taking Armes: I directed a Sergeant, and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance, and to speake with those horsemen: The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong, pretended an excuse, alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie, and then retired: whereof incontinent I did in∣forme his Majesty, who presently considered he was a spie sent from the e∣nemy: before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse, and some Dragoniers; our intrenchment not ready, we draw to Armes, his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes, and finding his per∣son in danger retired, with a few musketiers, and leaving me and the En∣glish, being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe, promising to provide me of amunition, and to send us reliefe: his Majesty thus retired, I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe, where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres, giving him charge,

if the enemy should advance to discover, or recognize, then to give fire on them, and not otherwise; This done, the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe, and the English were appointed, as our reserve, to lye at Armes, to be in readinesse to second us; the ene∣my finding us provided, and their foote not being come up, they stand in Battell, and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes, meaning to come betwixt us and our ships, to cut off our retreat, but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers, they were forced to retire backe, with the losse of three horsemen.

By this time, his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me (being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome) to desire me, if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe, that I should retire to the Church∣yard, which was but cold comfort, so being his Majesty had no inten∣tion to relieve us, and consequently, at last we should be the enemies priso∣ners, after losing of our Colours, which grieved us most. But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty, that seeing I knew of no reliefe, if the ene∣my pursued us hard, I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire be∣hinde us, and then commit my selfe, and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate, rather then to become prisoners to the enemy. The Colonell gone, we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game, doubling our Guards before night, and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy, his foote not come up, and seeing our resolution, he retired be∣fore night, where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity, and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us, we retired to our ships, giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us, so soone as they thought we were safely retired. Before midnight, the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him, returned to the Dorpe, and the next morning advances towards us, till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships. In the meane time, his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke, fini∣shing the Leager, and royall Fort in the midest of it, whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon, the Fort being higher then the Leager, did com∣mand the fields about, which being complete, the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort, and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland, his Majesty having understood, that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound. The second night, after our going away, the enemy coming to pursue the Fort, the Dutch retire quitting the same, and their Cannon also, with the losse of fourescore men, so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine, the Dutch retiring from it un∣foughten.

The foureteenth Observation.

IT is much to be lamented, when Kings, [ D] or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale, suffering it to be overthrowne: on the contrary part, it is worth much commendation, when a King, or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body, for the safety of his people, to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine, with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects. Therefore men ought to call to minde often, the wise counsell of Pericles, who said that when the publique state was ru∣in'd, he that lived well at his ease, for his owne particular, should not escape

unruin'd, where on the contrary, the publique state being well, the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner. Cæsar was of this opinion, when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants, no man could so well establish his condition, as that it could not perish, if the pu∣blique state were hurt: But if the publique state did florish, he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons. And the Emperour An∣tony called the Debonnaire, was of that minde, when he tooke away the pen∣sions of some pensioners of the publique, that did no service, saying, there was no people more cruell, or more villanous, then those that did eate up the publique. Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries, that had misguided his rich Treasure, and were the undoing of his Army, where they should rather have died then wronged their King and country, and should rather have left by will and testament to their children, an example of their fidelity and honesty, then a rich Patrimony.

The Rogues, the Commissaries did much differ in their love to their King and Country, from that worthy gentleman of famous memory, we reade of in our owne Stories, called William Seaton, who is worthily recorded of, for his love to the publique, preferring it to his owne children, who being Governour of Barwicke, he and his wife did choose rather to quit their owne lives, and the lives of their children, then to give over the place un∣to the English, choosing rather to keepe it, for the weale of the publique, and for the honour of their King and Country: preferring the publique∣weale, to their owne particular: the story I neede not amplify, being well knowne. This Magnanimous King, scorning the attempts of his ene∣mies, ceaseth not still to hazard his owne person and Crowne for the safety of his people: for he trusted and confided so much in God, that he knew well the Scepter was ordained for those that slighted it, and not for those did cover it greedily, as his enemies did.

Here also we see that the enemies forces being drawne towards Traile∣sound, minding that way to come unto Denmark, his Majesty was diverted from his resolution, and was forced to joyne with Trailesound to make a de∣fensive warre, for the safety of his Country and people, for if the enemy had gotten Trailesound, he had an easie way to come into Denmark, where∣in there were no great strengths, and getting shipping, Artillary and A∣munition, (whhereof his Majesty was well provided) he had then the passe open unto Britaine, when he pleased. But he was wisely prevented by his Majesty and his Councell, God bringing things to passe according to his secret decree, and not according to the will of man.

Here also we see, that it is the duty of a Generall lying neere an enemy, to know all avenues well, and betimes to beset them well with diligence, and good watches; for if this passe at Gottenbrode had not beene timely well be∣set, his Majesty might have fallen into the enemies hands, the passage be∣ing cut off betwixt his Majesty and the ships.

Also in all extremities, it is the duty of Commanders to encourage their inferiours, otherwise the passengers may be affraid, if the Skipper or steers∣man gives over: as Commanders do looke to their owne credits, so they ought to be carefull of their followers saferies.

The English and our Nation are good seconds, [ E] one of another, being a∣broade, for commonly they take part one with another against any other

Nation; as happened here at Grotenbrode, where I did see fifty English and Scots chase above a hundred Danes, with swords into the sea, deeper than their waste, running into the Sea for their safeties, whereupon there was a complaint made unto his Majesty by the Commissary on my Camerade Cap∣taine Chamberlaine and me, for not suppressing our Souldiers insolency, from abusing of the Danes Souldiers. The occasion of their quarrelling was, the Danes Boores being commanded out for the Kings service, and for the de∣fence of their Countrey, they had fortie dayes provision with them, and be∣ing well furnished with dry Beefe and Bacon, while as our Souldiers did get nothing but hard Bisket and Beere, they devised that one coming behinde the Danes Souldiers for taking up his knapsacke, while as another should cut the strings before, and then to runne away with it; this Stratagem being oft practised by the English and Scots against the Danes; at last, the Danes resol∣ved being stronger in the fields than they both were, to fight for their Knap∣sackes: the occasion being offered, they yoake or joyne with swords, and fight in the Leager, and the Danes were forced to give ground, and to retire within the Sea for their safeties, sundry on both sides being hurt, their Offi∣cers appeased the Tumult, and after Captaine Chamberlaine and I, though in∣nocent of the fault, were mightily chidden by his Majestie: his Majestie as∣suring us, if the like happened againe, he would punish us, and not our Soul∣diers, which made us afterwards looke more narrowly to their behaviour and carriage, making them live more peaceable with their Camerades, in not oppressing them; for it is a hard time when one Wolfe eats up another.

The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March from Low∣land to Alzenheure, and from thence to Trailesound by water.

THE eight of May 1628. I being at Copemanhagen, soliciting for our Regiment, orders were given unto me, to be sent to Lowland and to Fune, to make our Regiment march in all haste to Alzenheure, and there to attend for their orders: the orders I did direct to Captaine Mac-Kenyee, commanding him to keepe good discipline in his March, and strict, being in his Majesties owne Land; he receiving the orders breakes up the twelfth of May from Lowland, and continues his March to the Randezvouz. The Garrisons also in Funeland breake up the said day, and continued their March towards their Randezvous. On the March through Zeland, Cap∣taine Mac-Kenyee his Souldiers being quartered in a Dorpe, the Boores take Armes, stayd not to be led by their Officers, but entered the skirmish with the Boores, where at the first Salve, foure of the Boores were killed dead, and sundry hurt, the rest flie away, leaving the Dorpe to the Souldiersto be quartered in; the blame of this accident was laid on the Commissary ap∣pointed for the Convoy, who being absent was to answer for the wrong; but the Commissary caused for revenge, a Boores daughter to complaine on three Souldiers of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company, alleaging they had all three forced her, so that the Souldiers were apprehended, conveyed in

Irons to Copemanhagen, to be examined there before the Generall Commis∣sary, the State-holder and me: who being examined, no proofe was found against them but accusations, whereupon they were remitted to prison till fur∣ther triall, where there was an act made, they should suffer no tryall, except I were present. Neverthelesse, in my absence, they were all three executed, (viz.) Donald Rosse, Iames Dumbarre, and Alexander Caddell, who went to death without acknowledging the fact, still pleading their innocency. The Lieverenant Colonell Alexander Seaton, being then come from Holland, was ordained by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies, and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound, I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming; they being come to Alshenure, were shipped al∣so, and arriving at Copemanhagen, it behoved me in all haste to ship, and follow the Lievetenant Colonell, for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd, where I entred the twenty-eight of May, and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place, but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore, to relieve the other Division, that had watched three dayes and three nights to∣gether uncome off, that being the weakest part of the whole Towne, and the onely poste pursued by the enemy, which our Lievetenant Colonell made choice of, being the most dangerous, for his Countries credit; where we watched fortie eight houres together, till we were relieved againe by the o∣ther Division, and so Singulis noctibus per vices, during six weekes time, that my cloathes came never off, except it had beene to change a suite or lin∣nings.

The fifteenth Observation.

THis Towne of Trailesound being hard beleager'd by the Emperialists, they desired humbly the protection and assistance of his Majestie of Denmarke, which was willingly granted unto them: having accorded on their Conditions, his Majestie made choice of our Regiment to be sent thither, having had sufficient proofe of our former service, in his Majesties presence, and under command of others his Majesties Generalls; So that be∣fore others we were trusted on this occasion, where we did come with a time∣ly reliefe to those Burgers, that were wearied and toyled with watching, and also hurt by their enemies, whom they had beaten from their walles twice before our coming.

In this accident, [ F] which hapned in Zeland betwixt the Boores and our Soul∣diers, we may see the Antipathy that is betwixt Souldiers and Boores, where the one cannot with patience indure the sight of the other, without some present jarre, so that it were impossible to make them agree together, if Military Discipline were not strictly observed, and the transgressours ex∣emplarily punished.

Here also I cannot omit the over-sight committed by those Belly-gods the Cōmissaries, that serve the publique State worst, yet are oft-times best recompenced; whose neglect on this March, was the cause of shedding the innocent bloud of the poore Labourers, and of the Souldiers also: and it was pittie, such a King should entertaine so many of this sort of belly-gods, that studied nothing so much, as to fill their own Coffers, and to raise their hou∣ses, without any care had of the Publique Weale.

Here also I cannot allow of that vaine custome amongst the Officers, that

will make a bad choice for a little ostentive credit, having the good in their election, to make choice of the worst; for in occasions against our enemies, we should rather take all advantages, as of strength, of ground, of Sunne and winde: and shall he not be thought yet unwiser, who may be the Instrument to save his people on service, that willingly will make choice of a place to lose them.

No menagrie in my opinion comparable to that which spares the lives of men from losing, and I perswade my selfe, [ G] I need not insist in this reprehen∣sion, seeing the actor, though out of time, was sorrowfull enough for his evill choice.

Here also I did observe, that frequent danger doth encourage the feeblest Souldier, who by daily dangers, and the familiaritie made with death, in stepping every day over the bodies of dead men, who perhaps never before had seene one die naturally, much lesse to see daily and hourely examples of violent death, learning wit, by by-past losses, and experience had in the ex∣ercise of our Calling, being hardned with toyle and travell. Therefore, in my judgement, no man is more worthy of the name of a Souldier, than he that indures best wearisome toyle and travell in this honourable Calling, not withdrawing the shoulder, but by pushing it forwards couragiously, having once begun: for though in all affaires of this kinde, the beginnings seeme hard and difficult, yet soone after we finde it lighter, according to the measure of our advancement, and reward in the end, we enjoy still the grea∣ter contentment, as became of me the first time my friends led me up a steepe hill, when my breath begun to faile me, looking behinde, and seeing what way I had put by, the rest to the top of the hill seemed nothing unto me, being so neare the end of my travell, but was pleasant rather than te∣dious. And therefore we use to say, He that beginneth well hath halfe ended.

At our entry in this Towne, our travell and toyle once begun, continued night and day for six weekes, till we grew hard with travell, yet not hard, as many of the Dutch, that are hard against the Musket Bullet, this proofe we lacked. He that shews himselfe honest in his calling and Travells, the Tra∣vell passeth, the honestie remaineth: But on the contrary, when we have taken delight in evill, the delight passeth, and the evill remaineth. Happie there∣fore are those who travell in well-doing; for when the paines are gone, then doe they enjoy the pleasure.

We reade of Cincinnatus brought from the plough to the Senate, to be made Consull for his Travell: the like we reade of Quintus taken from his plough to be Consull also; a great change. No wonder then to take a man from the plough to be a Souldier; as the Porter of Fowles, called Mac-Weattiche, who, in this Towne of Trailesound did prove as valiant as a sword, fearing nothing but discredit, and the down-looke or frowne of his Officers, lest he should offend them.

The sixteenth Dutie discharged of our Watches and Accidents, that occurred in this Towne, before the Enemy did storme our Workes.

THE twenty-eight of May 1628, not without danger both by water and from land, we entred the Towne of Trailesound, the Emperiall Armie lying before it, having their batteries neere the water; at our in-coming they shot our Mast, having grounded before our in-coming, we ranne the hazard both of drowning and killing; but being againe without hurt come off, our Camerades wearied of watching, immediatly after our entry we relieved the watch at Franckendor, being the onely Poast in the Towne most pursued by the enemy.

The order of our watch was after this manner: [ H] of the seaven Companies one Company watched still on the Island before the Towne, called the Hollomne; the other three Companies were ordained by foure a clocke af∣ternoone, to parade in the Market place, and afterwards to march to their Poast at Franckendor, without the walles on scurvie outworkes, which were but slightly fortified with a dry Moate, the enemy lying strong before us, and approaching neare, we fearing a sudden on-fall, those that were relieved of the watch by five of the clocke, were ordained againe to meet by nine of the clocke at night, and to watch againe on the by-watch, till foure of the clocke in the morning, whereof the one halfe were appointed to he in readi∣nesse at their Armes without the Port neere the workes, while as the other halfe were appointed also to lie in readinesse at their Armes on the Market place, to attend all occasions of Alarums, either within or without the Towne: and thus we watched nightly, relieving one another, for the space of six weekes.

The rest of the Postes, above the walles, were also beset by the Dutch, but none had the halfe of our duties to discharge, by reason the whole ap∣proaches were made by the Enemy to us, as being the weakest part. Not∣withstanding of this our great nightly watch and dutie kept, the Burgers of the Citie did prove very ungratefull and unthankfull to us, in not quartring our Souldiers, as they ought to doe: for Captaine Monro his Company did lie on the streets foure nights unquartred, till the fortnight that they came off the watch, unknowne to their Officers, they went to the Burgo-master his owne house, and said, they would quarter with him, if there were not orders taken for their quartring, but receiving a soft answer, they retired for that night: in the meane time, the Burgo-master did complaine to Colonell Holke, then Governour, who did cause to assemble a Councell of warre, where the Lievetenant and Company were both accused, as mutiners; the Lievetenant proving he knew nothing of it, and that the Souldiers had done it without his knowledge, he was assoyled and made free by the sentence of the Councell of warre: But the Company were ordained, being divided in three Corporalships, that out of every Corporalship one should be hang'd, who were to draw Billets out of a Hatt, which were all blankes, till one had the Gallowes on it.

The order and sentence of the Councell of warre being duly obeyed, three were led aside, and committed to prison, to be resolved against the exe∣cution,

and the rest were remitted to their Quarters, of the three ordained to be executed, it was concluded againe, by the intercession of the Officers made to the Governour, that one might suffer, who againe being two Scots and a Dane, having drawne lots, it fell to the Dane to be hang'd, the Governour himselfe being a Dane also, he could not of his credit frustrate ju∣stice, seeing before he was so earnest to see our Nation punished for a fault, whereof he was rather guilty himselfe, not having appointed them quarters as he ought, so that the Dane suffred justly for a Danes fault.

The Captaines of some Companies being absent in Scotland, having gone for recruets, the duety being great, Lievetenant Saunders Hay was made Captaine to Annan his company, being informed the Captaine was to re∣maine in Scotland: Ensigne Gordon being made Lievetenant to Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey, being long sicke in Lowland, and having a little recovered, on his journey to Trailesound, at Copmanhaggen in Denmark, died suddainely be∣ing a resolute brave young Cavalier, and of good parts, was much la∣mented.

He being dead Ensigne Gawin Allen was made Lievetenant, and Patrick Dumbarre, a young gentleman, of worth and merit, was advanced to be Ensigne.

During our residence here, our orders were so strict, that neither Officer, nor souldier was suffered to come off his watch, neither to dine or suppe, but their meate was carried unto them, to their poste. The enemy approaching hard, and we working fast, for our owne safeties, where sometimes, we saly∣ed out, and did visit the enemy, in his Trenches, but little to their content∣ment; till at last, the enemy did approach right under our worke, where sometimes, being so neere, we begun to jeere one another, so that the Dutch one morning taunting us, said, they did heare, there was a ship come from Denmarke to us, laden with Tobacco and Pipes, [ I] one of our souldiers shew∣ing them over the worke, a Morgan sterne, made of a large stocke banded with Iron like the shaft of a halbert, with a round Globe at the end with crosse Iron pikes, saith, here is one of the Tobacco pipes, wherewith we will beate out your braines, when ye intend to storme us.

We did also nightly take some prisoners of them, sometimes stealing off their centeries, which made many Alarums in the night, and in the day time. Here a man might soone learne to exercise his Armes, and put his courage in practise: and to give our Lievetenant Colonell his due, he had good orders, and he did keepe both Officers and souldiers under good disci∣pline, and he knew well how to make others understand themselves, from the highest to the lowest.

The sixteenth Observation.

WHen Cannons are roaring, and bullets flying, he that would have honour must not feare dying: many rose here in the morning, went not to bed at night, and many supped here at night, sought no breakefast in the morning: many a Burger in this City, [ K] coming forth in his holy-dayes-clothes, to take the ayre, went never home againe, till he was carried quicke or dead, where some had their heads se∣perated from their bodies, by the Cannon; as happened to one Lievete∣nant and thirteene Souldiers, that had their foureteene heads shot from them

by one Cannon bullet at once: who doubts of this, he may go and see the reliques of their braines to this day, sticking on the walles, under the Port of Franckendore in Trailesound.

It is said, that valour is then best temper'd, when it can turne out of sterne fortitude, unto the mild streames of pitty: who could behold these acci∣dents, and not be moved with pitty and compassion? and who will not weepe at the casuall miseries our calling is subject unto, in following oft∣times the leading of an ambitious Generall, yea and of an ambitious Cap∣taine, yea the following of an ambitious Souldier, delighting sometimes to treade over his enemies, as happened many times unto us during this siege?

Who then is more compassionate, in peace or warre, then the martiall man? Observe generally, and you shall finde, that the most famous men have both courage and compassion; of which in this City we had neede; of courage against our enemies, and of compassion to our friends, Came∣rades, and sometimes to our enemies.

You see here we were made to keepe double watch, as wise men ought to do: for when we kept steddy watches, the enemy could not harme us much, being wary of our selves, and he that can do this, he surely merits the name of a good Souldier, but oftimes, we are our owne worst enemies, and killing our selves we neede no other enemy against us. Therefore at such a Siege as this was, sobriety and temperance were requisite to a Soul∣dier, as well as valour to defend him from his enemies.

Here our enemies were our pedagogues teaching us vertue, every mo∣ment minding us of our duety to God and man: yea minding us both of Death, and of Iudgement: here we needed no dead mans pawe before us, to minde us of Death, when Death it selfe never went night or day with his horror from our eyes, sparing none, making no difference of persons, or quality, but aquo pede, treading alike on all came in his way, whose houre was come.

Here I wish not the gentle reader to mistake this insurrection of Monre his company for a mutiny. It was not; neither against their Officers, nor yet in prejudice of their Masters service. Therefore I would rather terme it, a rude ignorance in seeking their due, though unformally, whereof their Officers had no part, and therefore were made free by a Councell of warres, but the unthankefulnesse of the Citizens (in sparing their meanes from fee∣ding of those that kept them, [ L] their wives and children, from the furious rage of their enemies, at such time as they themselves did looke for no safe∣ty, till they came for to relieve them) cannot be well excused, but their unthankefulnesse was so much the greater, that they err'd against the very lawes of hospitality, being in their unthankefulnesse farre inferiour to Beasts. For we reade, that the Athenians did bring those guilty of un∣thankefulnesse before the Iustice, to be punished, and that justly; because he that forgets a benefit received, without making any satisfaction, doth take away humane society, without which the world could not subfis•• and therefore such Citizens, as would not acknowledge the good received, ought to be banished the City, as unthankefull, for a man evill in particu∣lar, cannot be a good member of the publique, as many villanous traitors were in this Towne of Trailesound during the Siege, that for their particu∣lars would have sold the Towne, and the common good to their enemies;

such fellowes some of them were made slaves, being not worthy the name of free Citizens: and the Canon lawe makes the ungratefull the most de∣testable of all men; And therefore they were cruelly punished.

To make then the ingratitude of the Citizens of Trailesound towards Souldiers the more odious, I will inferre the Stories of Beasts here to ac∣cuse them; Elian writes of a Dragon mindfull of the good done to him (as these Rogues were not) in these termes, in his thirteenth booke. In Achaia there was a Towne called Petra, where a young boy did buy a Dragon very little, feeding it diligently, making of it, playing with it, and making it ly in his Bed, till it became great, and a Dragon in effect: those of the place fearing some evill by it, did cause it to be carried unto a desert: the boy becoming a man also, and certaine yeares after, returning from a feast, with some of his Camerads, they met with Robbers, and crying out for helpe, there comes the Dragon running on the Robbers, killing some, put∣ting the rest to flight, saves the life of him that had done him good. A memorable acknowledgment to convince those of Trailesound.

We may joyne to this story, the memory of the Lion healed by Androt the Roman slave, whose life afterwards the Lyon saved. The story is written by Gellius and Elian, and also now set out in verse by Dubartas, in the sixt day of the first weeke.

Here also we may see the profit and benifit good order doth bring uno the observers of it: though we thought hard, not to be suffered to come off our Postes for our ordinary recreation, nor yet to sleepe from our Postes, we found at last the benefit redounded unto our selves: for while as the ene∣my pursued us hard, we were at hand to defend our selves, and to maintaine our credits; otherwise, it had become of us, as it became in the Swedens wars in Germany of Magdeburg on the Elve, and of Franckeford on the Oder, being both lost through negligence and carelesse watch, which made much inno∣cent bloud to have bin shed in both. And therefore I cannot but praise the worth of my Lievetenant Colonell, for his good order and strict discipline kept in Holke his absence, being in Denmark at his wedding, we being then in greatest danger of our enemies.

The seventeenth Dutie discharged of the storming of our Poast, and of our losses and the enemies.

THe twenty sixth of Iune 1628, the Duke of Fridland Walenstine Gene∣rall to the Emperiall Army, having come to visit the beleaguering, and finding Felt Marshall Arnehem had line six weekes, and not got∣ten it in, the Generall being offended, at his coming he did Recognosse the whole Towne, and finding our Poast to be the weakest part thereof, by rea∣son of the situation and of the insufficiency of the workes, the wall not ex∣ceeding the hight of a man, he resolved to pursue it by storme, swearing out of a passion he would take it in, in three nights, though it were hanging with Iron chaines, betwixt the earth and the heavens. But forgetting to take God on his side, he was disappointed by him, who disposeth of all

things at his pleasure, being the Supreme watch-man himselfe, that neither slumbers nor sleepes.

We having then gotten intelligence of Walenstine his coming, we look't the better unto our selves, and having in the evening or twilight set out our Perdues, we strengthened all our Poasts, and we placed our by-watch in the Ravelin, to be in readinesse, as also I commanded foure score musketiers, un∣der the command of Captaine Hay, to sit by their Armes and to be in rea∣dinesse, to supply all defects might happen by a timely succours, as they should be commanded; likewise I caused to double all centries, and so sit∣ting downe to rest us, we were passing the time by discourse, betwixt ten and eleven a clocke at night, when as our centry gives fire and calls us to our Armes: at our rising we finde the enemy approaching above a thousand strong, with a shoute, Sa, Sa, Sa, Sa, Sa, Sa, thus it went on cheerefully, and every man to his Station. The worst was, we had without a halfe moone un∣finished, where Ensigne Iohnston was with fifty musketiers, that were for∣ced to retire under ground one after another at a sorting Port, where some were lost before their entry: they being entred, then begun our souldiers to make service, and I give charge to Quarter Mr. Bruntfeild, a valorous gen∣tleman, [ M] with a guard to keepe the enemy from entring at the sorting Port: thus the service being hot on all quarters, especially Mac-kenyees quarter, being next the enemy, was hardest prest, where I having visited him, did send him fifty musketiers of supply, and then I did visite Lievetenant Beaton his Poast, whom I found both carefull and vigilant in resisting the Ene∣mies entry valiantly, with his associats, who were two capable Segeants called Embrey and Simpson, who were both killed this night.

Then I did visit the Dutch quarters, being betwixt me and the Ravelin: which I thought to be in least danger. The Cavalier their Captaine being a Beamish gentleman, both stout and diligent, the most part of his Souldiers, the Dutch having left him, he was much over-prest with the enemies, them also I was forced to supply with fifty musketiers of our Nation, under the command of Captaine Hay, otherwise the enemy had fallen in betwixt us and the Raveline. But this valorous gentleman the Beamish Captaine being killed; Captaine Hay by his valour maintained the Poast, till the fury of the enemy begun a little to settle. In this time, for one houre and a halfe, the service being hot, sundry were killed of us, but three for one of the enemy, which finding himselfe resisted with valour, being relieved by a fresh supply of another thousand men, set on more furiously then before, where sundry of our Officers were shot, as Lievetenant Beaton, Ensigne Dumbarre, Lievete. nant Arburthnot, quarter Mr. Bruntfield, & my selfe; divers others were killed, as Sergeant Mac-kenyee, Sergeant Young, Mōsieur Gordon, Monsieur Stewart, Mon∣sieur Tullough, all gentlemen of my Colonells company, with divers more, and Captaine Mac-kenyee was also shot favourably a thwart the Belly, and I be∣ing wearied and growne stiffe with my wounds, being helpt off, did meete a fresh reliefe coming to us, led by Lievetenant Andrew Stewart, a valorous gentleman, and of good conduct, Brother to the noble Earle of Traquare: I did exhort them en passant, to carry themselves well, they answered me cheerefully, as became resolute Souldiers, who were desirous to vindicate their camerades bloud against their enemies: the reliefe being come, the service went on a fresh on both sides, the enemy storming againe with the third reliefe, which continued so long, till a number of our Officers more

were killed and hurt, as Lievetenant Stewart, Ensigne Seaton, Ensigne Ennis, Captaine Armes, Andrew Monro, and divers more were hurt. During this time, our Lievetenant Colonell was busied within the Towne, in comman∣ding the reliefes, and in sending orders to the other Poasts to looke unto themselves, who would not misse one man to succour or helpe us in our greatest neede. Notwithstanding, that the whole force of the enemies was imployed against us alone.

The second reliefe that came to our Poast, was led by Colonell Frettz, [ N] newly come to Towne, with some Swedens, who, though not admitted to Command, out of his generositie, being accompanied with his Lievetenant Colonell Mac-Dougall, and his Major, called Semple, with fourescore Mus∣ketiers, voluntarily did come to succour and helpe our Nation; who at his first coming, received deaths wounds, whereof he died shortly after. His Lievetenant Colonell also was taken prisoner, and was missing for six moneths, we not knowing whither he was dead or alive. The Major also was killed instantly at his first coming to service; so that the last time, and on the last storme, by the breake of day the enemy was once entred our workes, and was beate backe againe with great losse, with swords and pikes and butts of Muskets, so that the day cleering the enemy was forced to retire, having lost above a thousand men, and we neare two hundred, besides those who were hurt. He that was on this nights service from the beginning to the ending, being in action, might avouch he did escape danger. The enemy forsaking our workes unconquered, the graffe filled with their dead bodies, equall to the bancks, the workes ruin'd in the day time could not be repair'd, which caused the next nights watch to be the more dangerous.

The seventeenth Observation.

THE Emperour Alexander Severe had reason to say, that Military Discipline did conserve and maintaine the Estate: And so might the magnanimous King of Denmarke say of this service, and the Towne of Trailsound, the Citizens of it, before this time being sluggish, dis∣solute, cowards, spend-thrifts and voluptuous, are now by this Discipline made active, menagers, valiant, sparing and honest: the thankes whereof they owe unto our Nation, whose bones lie in their ground, and to our Country-man, who since hath beene their Governour, for the reward of his vertue, was appointed by his Majestie of Sweden, of worthy memory, and set to Command over them and their Citie. And it is most sure, [ O] that the ob∣servance of good discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes, Cities, and Common-wealths, making them to flourish; where discipline is well kept, as it was here during our beleagering, for then we had no thought of gathe∣ring of money, but of gaining of credit; here were no Novices, but expert Souldiers to resist both the craft and valour of their enemies, who did feele the smart of their valourous resistance, in heaping their dead bodies one upon another in the graffe.

During the time of this hot conflict, none that was whole went off at the coming of the reliefe, but continued in the fight assisting their Camerades, so long as their strength served, ever esteeming more of their credit than of their safetie, through the desire they had to be revenged of the losses sustai∣ned by their Camerades. On the other part, it was reported of Walestine,

that he was so eager to get in the Towne, that his Officers retiring off servce being hurt, he caused to shoot them dead, calling them Cowards for retiring with so small hurt. Here also I purpose to speake somewhat of the Emperia∣lists custome, entring on service, shouting like Turkes, as if crying would ter∣rifie resolute Souldiers: No truely; we were more encouraged, having long expected for their coming, being all of us well resolved for the Combat, we were greedie of honour, and therefore we longed to try our enemies valour: Seeing we were more overjoyed of their coming, than any wise terrified; and we received them with Volees of Cannon and Musket in their teeth, which faire and well come was hard of digestion unto some of them: and it might be well said of them, [ P] as the Proverbe is amongst the Bactrians, that the dogges did barke more than they did bite, especially the Fleete Curres; for true courage consists not in words, neither ought we to looke for much cou∣rage, where we heare many boysterous words. But on the contrary, true valour doth consist in the greatnesse of courage, and in the strength of the valiant Arme, and not in the Tongue: and the first people, that did practise this lowde crying of martiall resolution, and of rejoycing in battell, were the Israelites, who in the most part of their fighting used those cryes, as testi∣monies of their faith, and of their earnest calling for the helpe of the Almigh∣tie. And a Lord of Africke being to fight against the Portugalls, his Troopes ready to fight, he said unto them, they should not cry but strike hard, for saith he, those men whom you see, are not accustomed to be afraide with words nor voyce; for it is not in cryes, but in valour, that men should esta∣blish the hope of Victory. Neverthelesse, we reade in Histories, that the Romanes, and other warlike Nations, were wont in Battells, as to this day in approaches, even as in fields, to cry alowd: and therefore we say among our selves at home, that he is to be pittied, that is surprized with the cry of his Enemies. We reade also of the Savages, whom the French doe call Tokniam∣bous, that before they come within halfe a mile, they cry like Devills at the first sight of their enemies, redoubling their cryes coming neare hand, soun∣ding their hornes, lifting their Armes here and there in a boasting manner, fighting so long as they are able to move hand or foote, never giving ground or turning backe till they die.

Tacitus reports, that the Germanes of old, did sing going to fight: and wee reade of Cate the Censor, that he taught young men to fight standing in one place, and he used to say often, that words were more powerfull to terrifie, and to chase an enemy, than the stroaks of the hand. And the same Cato said, he loved not the Souldier that did shake his hands marching, that staggred with his feet in fighting, & snorted lowder in sleeping, than he did cry coming to fight. And Cæsar said, that in every man was seene a certaine moving and naturall readinesse and promptitude, that kindled them with a desire to fight: which Generalls and Commanders of Armies ought diligently to intertaine, and not extinguish. [ Q] Wherefore it was, that the Ancients before they fought, caused to sound their Trumpets, beate their Drummes, and made their Soul∣diers cry hard, esteeming that did encourage their Troopes, and affright their enemies. The Macedons also began their fighting with crying and shout∣ing; and Curtius reports, that as soone as the Armies saw one another within shot of Musket, the Persians began to cry furiously, and the Macedons, though fewer in number, did so answer them, that the tops of the Mountaines and Woods resounded againe to the Echo of their Cryes. The like we reade in

our owne Story, where the Author in his ninth Booke makes mention of Henry Piercie Earle of Northumberland, and Regent of England at the East, being come unawares into Scotland with seven thousand men, was driven a∣way by the Boores and Herds, by the helpe of Stone-Bagges, as they are called to this day in our High Lands of Scotland, being used by the Inhabi∣tants to fright Wolves, and to chase Deere and other Beasts from their gra∣sings: the Instrument is made of dry skinnes made round like a Globe, with small stones in it that make a noise, as they did neere the English Campe, that their Horses brake loose through the fields, where after long flying they were taken by the Boores of the Country. If then we should cry at all, let it be such a noise as may terrifie our enemies, being strong, couragious, and brave.

Plutarch reports, that the cry of Souldiers made a Raven flying in the ayre to fall downe being astonished: and Titus Livius saith, that when the mul∣titude of people did imbarke, that few or none were left in Italie and Sicile, coming together, and crying, the Birds astonished fell out of the ayre: and Paulus Aemilius reports the like, that when the Christians besieged Tyre, a Pi∣geon was seene in the Ayre, which made the Christians raise such a noise, that the Pigeon fell downe, as if it had beene stricken with thunder, and that they found a Letter about the necke of the Pigeon, that the Sarazens had sent to the besieged, shewing they should be soone relieved, if they would take good courage, and maintaine the Towne for certaine dayes: and the Chri∣stians having men with them, who understood the same language, did write another Letter, which they tyed to the necke of the said Pigeon, and let him goe; which Letter carried, that the besieged had neede to looke to them∣selves, that they had given good proofe of their valour and fidelitie, and that their Fortune was, not to give them hope of reliefe; the passages being clo∣sed up by their enemies, and the Tyrians thus deceived, give over the Towne unto the Christians.

The like we reade practized at the siege of Harlam, which made the Towne hold out long: and it is certaine, such Poasts are made fall downe with the noise of crying, and of Cannon and Musket, so that their packetts are taken from them. Here also was wonderfull, the losse and dammage done by Cannon, especially the Morters of the enemy, carrying Bullets of Stone within the Towne of three hundreth pound weight, [ R] and some that carried Bullets of one hundreth and sixtie pound, and in one day there were shot on the Port of Franckendore, where we went out to our watch, above seven hun∣dreth and sixtie shot of Cannon, the noise whereof was heard above thirtie English miles. Also we reade, that at the Battell of Lepanto, in the yeare 1572. where the Turkes were defeated with great losse, that the noise of the Can∣non was heard from the place, above sixtie Scottish miles. But on the Sea they are heard a great deale farther, as having neither hill nor wood to hin∣der the sound in the Ayre.

Here also I did observe, how happie it is when Officers and Souldiers love one another, refusing to undertake no danger to supply their Camerades, their lives being dearer unto them than their owne: which was evident by the timely reliefe, which discouraged the Enemy, and made them at last per∣ceiving their owne losse to be great, having effectuated little, in the end to settle. To speake in particular of any mans valour, at this time, seeing to my knowledge, I perceived no defect neither in Officer nor Souldier; but so

farre as to my griefe, I did speake of the Dutch that left their Captaine, which since I confesse to be a warlike Nation, being now long hardned by the custome of warres, but on desperate service, as this was, I would wish, if I had libertie to choose, other seconds: neither can I commend those Dutch that would not send us reliefe in our great danger; for though we ought to looke to our owne houses, when our neighbours are on fire, yet Christian compassion ought to move us to supply the defects of our brethren; but when Souldiers and Officers preferre their ease, [ S] with whole skinnes, to the safetie of their Camerades in danger, then such may be justly called sim∣ple, without moderation, abandoning their Camerades, they lose their good name, and bring their reputation and valour in question. Who will not then blame such, and who will not praise those, th••t in extremitie, contemned life and their ease, to relieve their Camerades: as Colonell Fretts his Lievetenant Colonell and Major did, fighting against our enemies? Him then I esteeme as a valiant Souldier, that fights against the enemy, embracing wounds for his Mistresse, and that is contented to lie on the ground, being weary, and that makes no difference of food to serve his appetite, without sawce; being contented with a nod for a sleepe; to such a Souldier nothing is impossible or hard to attempt; and such Souldiers to command were my choice, that cared not for gold nor money, but for credit: and Souldiers have most feare when they are best fed, best clad, best armed, and when their purses are best furnished; but when the Souldier glorieth in his povertie, then doth the Armie flourish, then doe they overthrow their enemies. And therefore it was the saying of Demetrius to Xerxes King of Persia, going to make warre in Greece, that Greece did ever entertaine povertie, and lodged vertue brought in by wisedome and severe discipline: by which meanes their dominion remai∣neth unconquered, so long as they were enemies to vice, and were glad in their povertie, as may be well spoken of our owne Nation at home, that hath suffered and done so much and more for our freedomes, than any Kingdome in Europe, which this day makes our Soveraigne to say, Nobis hæc invicta mi∣serunt centum & septem proavi, being left unconquered in his succession of one hundred and seven Kings: for what have we to doe with gold or great riches, so long as we can command our owne appetites and desires? And if we thirst after gold, let us valiantly bring it from a farre with credit, to in∣rich our Countrey with, and to supply the necessities of our poore at home; and then having served long credibly abroad, his Majestie our Soveraigne may grant unto us after our dismission from other service, the liberties and priviledges which were granted by Charlemaine unto his Souldiers, after he had subdued the Saxons and Lumbards, [ T] which I will wish his Majestie to grant untous, saying, Goe your wayes my Souldiers, you shall be called va∣liant, companions of Kings, and Iudges of the wicked, live henceforth free of Travell, give good advice to Princes for the Common-weale, be pro∣tectors of widdowes, helps to the fatherlesse, waite on great men, with your wisdome, and desire of them life, cloathes, and entertainement, and he that refuseth you, let him be detested and infamous, and those that wrong you, let them be accused, as of treason. But take heede yee spoyle not through drunkennesse, pleasure, or other vices, the great honour and priviledge you have attained unto, through your just travell in warres, for feare, that, that which we grant unto you for honour, may not redound to your dishonour and punishment; which we reserve to our selves, and to our Successors Ro∣mane

Kings, if by chance you commit any excesse. It is a good thing and worth commendations, to have defeated Kings, assaulted Townes and Pro∣vinces, Strengths and Castles. But it is a thing much more worth commen∣dations, to overcome your own passions, a marvaile surpassing all marvailes, that he who did overcome so many, at last overcomes himselfe. The first and best of all Victories, which cannot be attained unto without contem∣ning of riches.

To conclude then this observation, happie are those Cavaliers that ended their lives in the defence of their Countries credit, a brave interchange, where worthy Cavaliers, in undergoing a temporall death for eternall fame and glory, gaine life after death. Miserable is the brevite, and more miserable the uncertaintie of life. Since then, we are sure we cannot live long, and un∣certaine if we live at all, being like leaves on trees, we are the sport of every puffe that bloweth, and with the least guste, may be shaken from our life and nutriment: we travell, we study, we fight, that labour may pay us the losse of our ill expended time, while death whiskes about us with a Pegasean speede, flies unawares upon us, and with the kicke of his heele, or the dash of his foot, we are driven downe to dust, and lie there. Many a stout fellow this night at Trailesound, and five weekes before, [ V] did expire in their oppug∣nations, leaving their breath in the places where they laid their Siege. Cer∣tainly, if we could thinke of lifes casualties, we would neither be carelesse nor covetous. What availes then a man, to exhaust his very vitals, for the hoording up of fatall gold, not thinking how a haire or a flie may snatch him in a moment from it? Why should we then straine our selves for more than is convenient? We should never care too much for that we are not sure to keepe; yet we should respect somewhat more than for our owne time, that we may be beneficiall to posteritie; but for mine owne part, I will cast this, as my life on Gods providence, and live here as a Pilgrime of one night, not being sure to see the morrow.

The eighteenth Duty discharged of the second nights storme at Trailesound and of the successe thereof.

THe Lievetenant Colonell having visited me the next day at my lodging, being not able to stirre out of my bed, he declared unto me the losse sustained by the Regiment, both of Officers and Soul∣diers, and he suspecting the enemy would storme againe at night, being battering the walles furiously the whole day, [ W] having shot at Frankendore neere eight hundred shot, he desired to heare my opinion, how I would have the Poaste beset at night with the Regiment; my advise was, to cause beate a bancke by the Drummer Major; and the whole Drummers of the Regi∣ment athwart the City, commanding upon paine of death, that all Officers, and Souldiers able to carry Armes under the Regiment should repaire at parad time, to the market place, there to receive further orders, and that at their coming, to appoint all the Officers, that were not hurt, to command the whole Souldiers, to be all put under the Colonells company, till such

time, as the Recreuts should come from Scotland, and then every man should be suffered to serve againe under their owne companies, as before, and this order being followed, they would be well commanded having sufficient Officers to leade them, giving them orders how to behave themselves, in case the enemy should storme their workes, seeing they were not able to defend them long, being weake of forces, and the workes almost ruin'd the night before.

This determined, the watch being drawne up, they march to the for∣mer Poast, getting orders from the Lievetenant Colonell, if the enemy should presse them hard, they should retire themselves orderly to the Rave∣lin, and quit the outer workes, seeing that from the Towne wall, and Ravelin, they were able with Cannon and musket to cleanse out the enemy againe.

So entring on their watch, and the night being come on, the enemy furiously did invade them, and they defended the workes a long time, till in the end being prest hard, they retired according to their orders, to the Ravelin, whereupon the enemy followed them with a shout and a cry, as if the Towne had beene wonne, which did put the Burgars, and the rest of the Souldiers that were on other Poasts, in great feare, thinking all was past recovery.

Notwithstanding of this sudden feare, our Souldiers valiantly and brave∣ly defended the Ravelin with Pikes and fire-workes, the enemy having advan∣ced bravely to the cutting of the Pallessades, pressing also to undermine the Ravelin by working under it, which our folkes did hinder, by counter∣mineing.

The enemy also, had another fortell, or advantage by reason of a new worke, which was uncomplete, betwixt the Ravelin and the outward workes, where he did lodge himselfe, having the new workes as a Breast∣worke, to defend him from our shot.

The night thus past furiously on both sides, not without great losse, be∣ing well fought, both of the pursuer and defender, in the morning our Souldiers some of them being Armed with Corslets, head-peeces, withhalfe pikes, Morgan sternes and swords, being led with resolute Officers they fall out, Pell mell amongst the enemies, and chase them quite out of the workes againe, and retiring with credit, maintained still the Triangle or Ravelin; The enemy considering his losse, and how little he had gained, the Towne also being not void of feare, thinking the third night, the enemy might enter the walles, being thus doubtfull on both sides, the enemy sends a Trumpeter, to know if they will treate for conditions, our Lievete∣nant Colonell having the command, for the time (in Colonell Holke his absence) I thinke was glad of the offer, to prolong time, till his Majesty of Denmark might send a fresh supply. Pledges delivered hinc inde, a still-stand or cessation of Armes was concluded on by both parties, for a formights time, then Articles were drawne up, to be advised on, which continued in advising certaine dayes, [ X] in the end the treaty being almost agreed on, to the subscription, orders come to our Lievetenant Colonell to dissolve the treaty, seeing his Majesty of Denmark had folke in readinesse to come in all haste with Colonell Holke, for their reliefe. Whereupon my Lord Spynie, a Scots Noble man, with his Regiment, with sufficient provision of money and Amunition, were sent unto the Towne, and being entred, the treaty was rejected, and made voide.

At this time also Sr. Alexander Lesly, (an expert and a valorous Scots Com∣mander) with some Swedens forces, was sent to governe the Towne, his Majesty of Sweden having condescended with his Majesty of Denmark, that his Majesty of Denmark should dismisse the protection of Trailesound in fa∣vour of his Majesty of Sweden, and to that effect the Danes forces should be drawne out of the Garrison, for to give place to the Swedens; in the meane time, the command was turned over upon Sr. Alexander Lesly, whom Colonell Holke did assist with the Danes forces, till they were removed, the absolute command being given to Sr. Alexander Lesly, as Governour for his Maj sty of Sweden.

In time of the still-stand, I tooke a foare loffe under my Lievetenant Co∣lonell his hand, & scale, to goe by Sea to Copmanhagen, to be cured there, see∣ing no Chirurgian in Trailesound would undertake to cut the bullet out of my knee, without hazarding me to be lame, which to prevent, I choosed rather, though with infinite paine, to keepe the bullet a fortnight, till I came to Copmanhagen, where happily I found better cure.

The eighteenth Observation.

TWo things we must respect, so long as we live, [ Y] our inward inte∣grity, and our outward uprightnesse, our piety towards God, and our reputation amongst men, the one makes our life famous, the o∣ther our death happy, so both together bring credit to the name, and felici∣ty to the soule, Then whensoever our breath is made but aire, we shall be blessed, leaving a sweete odour behinde us, and men will regrate our losse, as at this time they did our hurt.

He whom before I was wont to obey and visite, came now, and visited me, I not being able to stirre, my Lievetenant Colonell came to comfort me, having neede to be comforted himselfe by good advise, how to de∣fend the workes the second night, a generall feare having possessed the hearts both of Burgers and Souldiers, and I, to encourage him, did tell him a story of Augustus the Emperour, who being neere death commanded, that after his decease, all his friends should clap their hands, and laugh unfainedly, as the custome was when a Comedy was well acted: even so said I, though I was sorry at our losse; yet I was glad for being hurt, when I looked to be kill'd, and having acted my part of the play, for that time, and retired off the Stage, all I could doe was but to minde my Camerads of their duties. In the meane time, the Enemies cannon having shot foure great bullets of a hundred and sixty pound weight, out of mor∣ters, through the top of my lodging even to the bottome, where I did lie, affrighting me still, when my feete were not able to shift away my body; yet recommending my soule to God, I resolved, he was well guarded, whom the Lord had a care of, and having delivered me from many dangers, I still confided he would not suffer me to be smother'd under walles: For which and all his blessings I doe infinitly thanke his Majesty, in giveing me time to doe any thing, that may please his Majesty, for my deliverance.

To make my Lievetenant Colonell laugh, [ Z] I did tell him a story of a visi∣on, that was seene by a Souldier of the Colonells company, that morning be∣fore the enemy did storme, being a predictive dreame, and a true. One Murdo Mac-claude borne in Assen, a Souldier of a tall stature, and valiant

courage, being sleeping on his watch, awakened by the breake of day, and jogges two of his Camerades lying by him, who did finde much fault with him for sturring of them, he replied, before long you shall be other∣wise sturred, a Souldier called Allen Tough a Loghaber-man, recommen∣ding his soule to God, asked him what he had seene, who answered him, you shall never see your country againe, the other replyed, the losse was but small if the rest of the company were well, he answered no, for there was great hurt and death of many very neere, the other asked againe, whom had he seene more, that would dye besides him, sundry of his Camerades he tould by name, that should be killed: the other asked what would be∣come of himselfe, he answered, he would be killed with the rest: in effect, he describeth the whole Officers by their cloathes that should be hurt: a pretty quicke boy neere by asked him, what would become of the Major, meaning me, he answered, he would be shot, but not deadly, and that the boy should be next unto me, when I were hurt, as he was.

This discourse ended, I wished my Lievetenant Colonell to set all care a∣side and to looke to himselfe, and to the credit of his Nation, in main∣taining of the place, till the reliefe should come, and so we parted.

Here I did observe, that no city, be it never so strong, or so well beset, nor no Armour, be it of what proofe it will, is able to encourage a fearefull heart, as in this City, and at this time, were many of the Burgars, Souldi∣ers, strangers, Officers, of women and children, who were tormented by the feare of death, and of their meanes, whose feare was generally so great, that they were bereft both of wisdome, and courage, as people given over, so that their feare in some sort did frustrate their lawfull defences: the like I did never see, neither wish to see againe, for the enemy could not, though victorious, put them in a worse habit, nor make them seeme more misera∣ble, [ &.] than I did see them at this time, making themselves unfit to resist their enemies, and they were all of them in mine eyes, like to the sword∣fish, having weapons, but they wanted hearts; they had quaking hands without use: and in a word, if the enemy had seene them, as I did, he would rather pitty them as cowards, then kill them like gallants.

Notwithstanding of this feare, which possessed the burgars, and those Souldiers that had not beene on occasion, yet our Nation, that are ever most couragious in greatest extremity, failed nothing of their wonted va∣lour, but having once retired to the Ravelin, maintained it couragiously, repelling the enemies valour, with resolution built on vertue, and love of credit, so that they made their enemie with great losse, to be frustrate of his hoped for victory, finding the valour of the Scots tempered with con∣stant resolution and vigorous spirits, his fury was made to setle by little and little, till at last, resolution, the strong Armour of the descreete Soul∣dier prevailed against all the shuffles and cries of the enemy, and the defen∣der, seeing the storme past, and the tempest cease, he laughes and smiles, with as much honour, quiet and safety, as before he suffered toyle, griefe, or injury.

Here we see the use of treaty, and still-stand (or truce) ordained of Policy, that every man may presse to winne his owne aymes. The Souldiers that in six weekes before, were wounding, and killing one another, are now coming and discoursing together as friends, where I did remarke and observe, that it is much easier to be reconciled with an enemy, then to conquer him.

Now in time of these still-stands, by discourse they presse to finde out one anothers actions, and to observe one anothers faults and excursions, treasuring up against the day of advantage, for the confounding of one ano∣ther, at their first out-falling, and like the Crocodile, they slime one ano∣thers way, to make one another fall, coming in occasions againe: and therefore it was the answere that Seneca gave unto himselfe, when he asked Quid est homini inimicissimum? he answered, Alter homo. Our enemies stu∣dies are the plots of our ruine, leaving nothing unattempted, which may in∣duce our dammage, and the danger is ever most, when we see it not. Yet I thinke, he that can be a worthy enemy, can, reconciled, be a worthy friend; and he that, in a just cause, can fight against us, [ A] can likewise in the like cause, being reconciled, fight with us, and if he be unworthy re∣concile him too, if it were but to be freed of his scandalous tongue, and that also will be worth thy labour, and he that upon good termes refuseth re∣concilement, may be stubborne, but not valiant nor wise: for he that wil∣fully continues an enemy, teacheth his enemy to do him a mischiefe if he can: and that endeavour is well spent, that unmaskes an enemy, or makes a friend: for as the one begets a treasure; the other, it may be, raiseth a siege; and that man is wise, that is kinde to his friends and sharpe to his enemies: but he is wiser, that can entertaine his friends in love, and make his enemies like them, as our Nation did here at Trailesound, in keeping their Masters love to the best, for their loyalty, and in making their enemies thinke well of them, and love them for their brave carriage and valour.

Likewise I did observe here the benefit that ariseth to a Kingdome, City or State through a good Government; and what a blessing it was to a Towne perplexed, as this was, to get a good, wise, vertuous and valiant Governour, in time of their greatest trouble, which shewes that we are govern'd by a power above us: for oftimes, that, which we desire or feare, doth seldome happen. This City having feared the Emperours tyranny to come over them, desired the King of Denmark as their protector, yet God, by his providence, gave them another, to wit, the invincible King of Swe∣den, who provided them an able Governour in their greatest neede, to wit, Sr. Alexander Lesly, who immediatly after his entry tooke the command upon him, keeping both the Dane, their Souldiers, and the Burgars under his command, and direction, as worthy of his authority, flowing from the King his Master of most famous and of never dying memory, it faring then with Trailesound, as with Sara; [ B] she became fruitfull when she could not believe it, and they became flourishing having gotten a Scots Governour to protect them, whom they looked not for, which was a good Omen unto them, to get a Governour of the Nation, that was never conquered, which made them the onely Towne in Germany free, as yet, from the Em∣periall yoake, by the valour of our Nation, that defended their City in their greatest danger.

To conclude then, for the love I beare to the Crowne, that doth protect them, knowing their dispositions by experience to be froward, factious, and proud, having as yet some Wolves amongst them, that the folde may be quiet, let the factious heads be made higher by a pole than their bodies, cut∣ting off the tumultuous; whereby their Governour, by a majesticke awe, may keepe the rest in a strict subjection, lest slacknesse and connivence may undermine an unsetled Government; for it is no crueltie to denie false men

libertie, that are so infected, though there be some honest men amongst them; let them serve their Governour, and let him beare the sway, as be∣comes the dignitie of the place, that having once wonne the field, he may be sure to keepe it: for though I hate the evill people, for their former unthank∣fulnesse to our Souldiers and Nation, yet the love I beare to their Protector and Governour, makes me thus plaine; whose happinesse I wish to endure while there remaineth a stone in the Citie, and his fame eternally.

The nineteenth Dutie discharged of the out-fall made by Spynies Regiment, and of their Retreate made good by Captaine Mac-Kenyee.

THE treatie dissolved, the new supply being come out of Denmarke, Sir Alexander Leslie being made Governour, he resolved for the credit of his Country-men, to make an out-fall upon the Enemy, and desirous to conferre the credit on his owne Nation alone, being his first Essay in that Citie. [ C] And therefore made choice of Spynies Regiment, being their first service, to make the out-fall, ordaining Captaine Mac-Kenyee, with the remainder of our Regiment, in the Lievetenant Colonell his absence, to second them, for making good of their retreate.

My Lord Spynie being present with his Regiment, consisting of brave and valourous Officers, being all worthy Cavaliers of noble descent, and of good families, having action, valour, and breeding answerable to their charges, they were desirous to gaine honour and credit against a powerfull enemy, with whom they were to be ingaged; they went on with boldnesse and con∣fident resolution, and falling into the enemies workes, they forced the ene∣my to retire, and to give ground, even to the body of their Armie: And de∣lighting in the shedding of their enemies bloud, who had shed so much of their Country bloud before, they pursued them hard, following them unto their maine reserve or battell, where they seazed on their Cannon: but the enemy being too strong, and his forces still augmenting, they were made to retire with the losse of some brave Cavaliers, especially the losse of Sir Iohn Hume of Aiton, the first Captaine of the Regiment, who, after many bloudy wounds received, was taken prisoner, being a brave resolute Cavalier, of good carriage and moderation in all his actions, who after died of his wounds with the enemy, being a prisoner long, and was much lamented of all that knew him.

Here also was killed the valourous Captaine Mac-Donald, who in valour succeeded his worthy predecessors; for with his owne hands, as is credibly reported, he killed with his sword five of his enemies, before he was kill'd himselfe. Divers also of these Officers were hurt, as Capt: Lundesey of Bainsho, who received three dangerous wounds, Lievetenant Pringle, who was hurt al∣so, and divers more, they being made to retire, their powder being spent, to make their retreate good, falls up Captaine Mac-Kenyee with the old Scottish blades of our Regiment, to suppresse the enemies fury, they keeping faces to their enemies, while their Camerades were retiring, the service went on a∣fresh, where Lievetenant Seaton his Company alone led by Lievetenant Lums∣dell

(in absence of their owne Officers, being then all under cure) there was lost of Seatons Company above thirtie valourous Souldiers, and the Lieve∣tenant seeing Colonell Holke retiring, desired him to stay a little, [ D] and to see if the Scots could stand and fight or not. The Colonell perceiving him to jeere, shooke his head, and went away: in the end Captaine Mac-Kenyee re∣tired softly from his enemy, keeping faces towards them with credit, till he was safe within workes. And then made ready for his march towards Wol∣gast, to finde his Majestie of Denmarke.

The nineteenth Observation.

HEre we see, that when his Majestie of Denmarke did quit the pro∣tection of Trailesound unto his Majestie of Sweden, Sir Alexander Les∣ly being made Governour, following the example of Iustinian the Emperour, to put his authoritie in practize, He commanded out a partie, and was obeyed by those he commanded: which should incourage all brave Cavaliers to serve well and faithfully, where they serve, without spot or blemish, that in the end they may expect so great a reward, from so great a Master, as we see here bestowed for valour and fidelitie upon our Country∣man, being trusted with such a charge on a frontier Garrison, though a stran∣ger, before his Majesties owne Country-men; where he againe following the example of Alexander the Great, who caused a Combat to be fought with one of Darius Captaines, before the Armie should fight, and his Cap∣taine returning victorious, he (I say) tooke that as a good presage of his future fortune, in beating of Darius his Armle. Tacitus saith also, that the Germanes were wont to fight, and try their valour, first after this manner, by parties, for presages of greater service to follow. And we finde, that the valourous Generall Scanderbegge, King of Epirus, did fight many Combats himselfe, for to give good presages of future victories, whose fortune was till his death to be ever victorious. The like fortune I heartily wish to this noble and worthy Cavalier, happie alreadie and blest in bringing honour to his Coun∣try, being in all his time, beyond apprehension, happily excellent.

To conclude then this observation, here we may see the bene fit of good order, where those that were in great danger, are happily preferved by the goodnesse of good order and discipline, and by the timely succours of their valourous Camerades, taking the enemies blowes and shots in their owne bosomes, to rescue their friends from danger, to the great prayse of that noble Sparke, Captaine Mac-Kenyee, being full of worth, [ E] as the purest orientall Diamond, shining amongst the greatest Stones, who did scorne to turne face from his enemies, but retired orderly, offending his enemy in de∣fending his friends, till both he and they were returned with credit, though with losse: for where order is kept, as in this retreate was done by that no∣ble Sparke, all things flourish and thrive, and I wish from my heart, he had followed his profession; for though he be honourable enough, as he ••s, none can blame me for wishing him better, he having once commanded me, and shall still while I live.

The twentieth Dutie discharged of the Regiments March to Wolgast, and of their Retreate unto Denmarke.

HIS Majestie of Denmarke having given over the protection of Trail∣sound unto the King of Sweden, immediatly after he did ship some forces of foote and horse in Denmarke, which he did land at Wolgast in Pomeren, of intention to patronize the Dukedome of Pomeren against the Emperour: And being come to Wolgast, his Majestie did recall the remain∣der of our Regiment from Trailesound, who were not then foure hundred strong at their out-coming, having lost in six weekes neare five hundred good men, besides Officers; the Regiment led then by Captaine Mac-Kenyee, in the absence of his Superiours, he continued his March towards Wolgast, where they joyned with his Majesties Armie: being no sooner arrived, they were instantly commanded on service. The enemy having falne strong a∣gainst his Majestie, he did plant fourteen pieces of Ordnance, and playd on the Kings battell, till his Majestie perceiving the danger, not being bastant to resist the enemy, retired confusedly in great haste to Wolgast; and having lost without fighting the greatest part of his Armie, our Regiment and the remnant of Spynies Regiment had beene cut off, [ F] had not Rutmaster Hoome and some of his Camerades, of the Rhinegraves Regiment of horse charged the Enemy thrice, keeping them up till the most part of his Country-men were retired in safetie, and then were made by their enemies to retire at the spurres themselves, having endangered their owne safeties for the good of their Camerades. His Majestie finding the enemy pressing hard, fearing much to be surprized or taken, he did give Captaine Mac-Kenyee charge to cō∣mand the whole Scots that were there, and divers others, and to skirmish with the enemy before the Ports, till his Majestie were retired, and then to make his retreate over the Bridge, and to set it on fire, which the Captaine did or∣derly obey, doing his Majestie the best service was done him in the whole time of his warres, not without great danger of the Captaine and his follow∣ers, where the Bridge once burning, he was then the happiest man that could first be shipped; Ensigne Lindesey brother to Bainsho was shot with a Cannon-Bullet in his shoulder, and notwithstanding was brought off, and miraculous∣ly cured.

The Regiment thus shipped, they met with their Colonell, being come from Scotland with the Recreut, who retired with his Majestie unto Denmarke, and were mustered.

The twentieth Observation.

IN defence of this Towne of Trailesound, our Regiment did lose neare five hundred men, and of the remnant escaped, both of Officers and Souldiers, I doe not thinke one hundred were free of wounds received honourably, in defence of the good cause. Who will then say, but that bloud was better lost than kept, when it returnes with advantage, having brought eredit to themselves and Countrey? Let none then mourne for the losse gotten so honourablie. Let none then, I say, bedew their eyes for them we

left behinde us, seeing the gaine is equall to the losse, if not more; for them we had, we knew were not alwayes to stay; yet what we have gained, is permanent and eternall; those we lost, I confesse, we loved, yet that love ought not to be so violent as to undoe our selves with wanting of it. Neither can we so slenderly forget their memory, being our noble friends, and who were ornaments to our Regiment and Country, and helpers of our credits. Shall we not then be sorrowfull for their losses, that lost themselves to make us renowned in their deaths, and, while they lived, were our most faithfull and loving Camerades, even unto their last breath? But since they are gone before us, to take in quarters in heaven, following their great Captaine, who hath made the way open for them, being stricken, as Iob saith, by the hand of the Lord, and yet placed at his right hand, shall we be sorry for them? No; we will rather rejoyce, and thinke we must follow them, when we have fought that good fight against our enemies, we shall be crowned with them in glory, and rejoyce following the Lambe where ever he goeth, and till then his right hand will sustaine us, as before; for he is our helper, and hath sworne by his right hand, and the Arme of his strength, that he will not forsake us, till we rest with him in glory.

Here also we see, that his Majestie having trusted our Nation more than his owne, or the Dutch, he doth leave them ingaged with the enemy, till his Majesties retreate were made sure, both first and last. Where we see, [ G] that friendship and true service is best tryed in extremitie; for no greater testimo∣ny can be given of true service, than when the servant doth endanger his own life and honour for the reliefe of his Master; as that young Cavalier, Cap∣taine Mac-Kenyee did here, being a generous act, for the safetie of a King, which ought to be recorded; to vindicate his honour from oblivion, whose memory merits to be rewarded, that others might imitate his noble ex∣ample.

Here also we see, that sufferance in a noble manner causeth love, for that young Cavalier Henry Lindesey, then an Ensigne, not able to helpe himselfe, his Camerades loving him dearely, and the more for his noble sufferance, they helpt him off from the crueltie of his enemies, to preserve his life for a better occasion, who by Gods providence was miraculously healed, ha∣ving lost a great part of his shoulder, a wonder in an age, such wounds to be cured.

The twenty-one Dutie discharged at Copemanhagen, where the Regiment was completed a∣gaine with the Recreut.

AS all things are preserved by a glorious order; so his Majestie after his retreate, beginneth againe to make up the body of an Armie, to be setled all Winter in quarters within Denmark, that against the Spring he might either beate the enemy out of Holsten, or otherwise with his sword in his hand, make an honourable peace: after which resolution taken, there was order sent to my Colonell, to bring his Regiment to the fields, and to reforme the weake Companies, that have no Recreut brought over, and to

strengthen the rest of the Companies, till the Regiment was made com∣plete.

Sir Patrick Mac-Gey having stayd in Scotland, his Company was cashier'd, and Captaine Annans also, in place whereof the Colonell did get from his Majestie two Companies, that were sent over by Colonell Sinclaire, (viz.) Captaine George Stewart, and Captaine Francis Trafford, which were both joy∣ned to the Regiment. The Lord of Fowles having leavied a Company in Scot∣land, joyned also to the Regiment, & Iohn Sinclaire was made Captaine Lieve∣tenant to the Colonels Company, Lievetenant Stewart being married, having stayd in Scotland with his wife, his place was given to Eye Mac-Key, and William Brumfield was made Ensigne to Captaine Mac-Kenyee. The Lieve∣tenant Colonell having quit the Regiment, I succeeded to his place, and his Lievetenant Andrew Stewart, the Earle of Traquairs brother, succeeded Cap∣taine to the Company, Ensigne Seaton being made Lievetenant, the Cap∣taines brother William Stewart was made Ensigne, Tullough his Company was recreuted, and was full by his old Officers Beaton and Iohnson: Iohn Mon∣ro his Company being recreuted, long David Monro was made Lievetenant, and long William Stewart Ensigne; Captaine Monro of Obstell his Company being complete, William Carre was made Lievetenant, and Hector Monro En∣signe. The Regiment thus complete was mustred, and received a moneths meanes, together with a reckoning of their by-past rests, with an assignation on his Majestie of great Britaine, for the payment of the moneys.

The Regiment thus contented, the Colonell, Captaine Monro of Obstell, and Captaine Mac-Key returning for Britaine, the Regiment being left un∣der my command, was directed to winter Garrisons, as followeth.

The Colonels Company commanded by Iohn Sinclaire as Captaine, Iohn Ennis Lievetenant, and William Mac-Kenyee Ensigne, were quartered in Lang∣land, Captaine Monro of Fowles his company was sent to lie in Feamer, An∣drew Monro being his Lievetenant, and Iohn Rhode Ensigne.

Captaine Monro of Obstell his company was quartered there also, and the foresaid Officers.

Captaine Iohn Monro his company and his Officers were also quartered there.

Captaine Forbesse of Tullough his company and Officers were quartered in Malline in Skoneland. Captaine Mac-Kenyee his company and Officers fore∣said, were quartered with me in Malline in Skoneland. Captaine George Stew∣art, Robert Hume Lievetenant, and Iohn Sanders Ensigne, were quartered in Alzenburgh.

Captaine Francis Trafford his company, being Welsh, with his Officers were quartered in a Dorpe in Skoneland.

Captaine Andrew Stewart his company and Officers were quartered in London in Skoneland.

My company which was Lermonds, with the Officers did lie in Garrison in Luckstad in Holsten.

The Officers that were reformed went to seeke their employments (viz.) Captaine Sanders Hay went to Sweden, and was made Major to Sir Patricke Ruthven in Spruce.

Patricke Dumbarre was made Captaine to a Company of Danes Souldiers. There happened also a mis-fortune this Winter in Feamer, where Lievetenant Andrew Monro, a valourous young Gentleman, was killed in Combate by a

Dutch, called Ranso, and Lievetenant William Mac-Key succeeded in his place, being made Lievetenant to Fowles when William Gunne was preferred by me, as Ensigne to the Colonells Company: the rest of the Garrisons lay in quiet all Winter, during which time his Majesties Commissioners lay at Lubeck, treating for a peace with the Emperour.

The twenty-one Observation.

IN the Firmament we see all things are preserved by a glorious order; the Sunne hath his appointed circuite, the Moone her constant change, and every planet and Starre their proper course and place, the Earth al∣so hath her unstirred stations, the Sea is confined in limits, and in his ebbing and flowing dances, as it were, after the influence and aspect of the Moone, whereby it is kept from putrefaction, and by strugling with it selfe, from over flowing the land. So that in this world, order is the life of Kingdoms, Honours, Artes: for by the excellency of it, all things florish and thrive; and therefore we see, that this order is requisite to be observed in no∣thing more than in military discipline, being the life of it. Regiments then maintained in good order, the Army can be but well ordered, and the Ar∣my well ordered, the King and country cannot but stand, both in peace and warre, for seldome we see any goodnesse in the refusing to obey good or∣ders. And we heare ordinarily, that one bad voice puts twenty out of tune, and that it is the chiefe property of a good Souldier, first to learne to obey well, in keeping of good order, and then doubtlesse, in time being advan∣ced, he cannot but command well, so that here in ordering of this, as in all things, we see vicissitudes and alterations, some Regiments made up and continue in florishing order, other Regiments reduced taking an end, as oc∣casion and accidents of warre doe happen, Spynies Regiment was reduced, and my Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe. Where we see, that as vicissitude maintaines the world; even so concord is a great meanes of con∣tinuance, as discord is too often of discontinuance, and ruine. Likewise we see, that no estate is free from mutability, and change, which is the great Lord of the World, who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile: but where order is kept, [ H] and concord (as in this Regiment) change hath no place to ruine, though well to alter; for order was so kept by this Regiment, like to brave Souldiers, who in a running skirmish come up, discharge, fall off, flie, and yet reinforce themselves againe, having kept order in their proceedings, which though now she admits of some change, being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect, she admits of no confusion or ruine; but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies, one day to be revenged of their former losses, as, God willing, shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations, of this new reformed body of the old Regiment.

My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat, I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight, where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case, both of soule and body, than he that is killed. Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand, called Monomachia, hath bin much practised, both amongst Pagans and Christians, even amongst all Nations, as it is yet. Of old it did serve for

proofe of things hidden, being in one rancke with the burning iron, and scalding water, to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty: this kinde of violence of proofe was so common, that Fronton King of Den∣mark made a law, as reports the Saxon history, that all differences whatso∣ever should be decided by the combat, and Leoden reports, that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove. But wise men finding this custome deceivable, in deciding the truth, and so uncertaine, that many times the innocent doth succumbe; and therefore it was forbidden by the civill, and canon law, as is evident by severall ancient constitutions, inserted in the Decretalls.

Notwithstanding whereof, amongst the Romans it became so common, as to be thought but a sport; which made the name of fighters esteemed of a∣mongst the Romans, as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatortbus, and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Iustinian, he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge, and said, that valour with∣out justice, was not to be allowed of. This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both, in presence of many witnesses; where it was thought, that the Dutch-man was hard, so that a sword could neither pierce him, nor cut him. This fashion of fighting is so common, that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories, either ancient or moderne; but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point, let them but reade Preasack his Cleander, a story well worth the reading. And truely dayly experience teacheth us (as in this accident) that the end of combats doth shew often that he, [ I] who ap∣peales, often times doth receive the reward of his temerite, which might be cleered by many examples, amongst the ancients. We have one very notable, written by Quintus Curtius, where Dioxippus the Athenian, that brave fighter being all naked, and smered over with oyle, as the fashion was then, with a hat of flowers on his head, carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve, and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber, durst enter in combat a∣gainst Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse, and a short pike in the right hand, a jacdart-staffe as we terme it, or something like it, and a sword by his side: at their approaching, Dioxippus with a nimble slight, and a pretty cunning shift of his body, eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe, and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike, the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell, and quickly closing with his ad∣versary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes, that he fell to the ground, his heeles above his head, tooke his sword from him, and would have kill'd him with his batton, had not the King saved him. Thus much of combats, which for my part, though I cannot allow of, neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell, but would rather referre the suc∣cesse to God, to determine of, then to let that be called in question, which is dearest unto me.

The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke, of our expedition by water unto Holsten.

HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629, with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour; or o∣therwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Em∣periall Army, and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark, where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten: so that orders were given to me, his Majesty having provided shipping, to transport our Regiment from all quarters, and to meete at An∣gle. Before our parting, Captaine Forbesse of Tullough, and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar, I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment, we sailed unto Holsten, and landed at Angle: where the Regiment being come together, we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers, and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded, his Majesty did thanke off, or dismisse his Army, save a few number that was kept a moneth longer, till the enemy had marched out of the country: we being discharged of service, and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed, by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall to∣ward Funeland, with orders from his Majesty, that he should reckon with us, and give us contentment accordingly. The reckoning made, we were for∣ced to accept of two parts, and to discharge the whole, having made no reckoning but for us who were present, leaving our Colonell being ab∣sent, to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty.

Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for our Officers and Souldiers, to transport them for their country, which accordingly was obeyed. As also his Majesty did give orders to ordaine us, both Officers and Souldiers free quarters in Al∣zenheur, till the shipps were ready to saile. So that we being free from our honourable Master his service, we were ready to imbrace new conditions from a new Master.

The twenty-second and last Observation on our Danes service.

HEre concluding our Danes service, we see that the end of warres is peace, and that the end of this peace was the beginning of greater warre, under a new Master. Happy therefore is that man, or that Regiment that can say, while as they are thanked off, we have served truely and with credit our last Master; and then they may be assured of a second Master, having wonne a good name, as this Regiment did, under his Ma∣jesty of Denmarke, in whom the least omission could never be found, much lesse to have committed any grosse errour worthy imputation: And there∣fore we were Graciously dismissed, and honestly rewarded according to the time.

Captaine Andrew Stewart (brother to the noble and worthy Earle of Tra∣quaire) being soliciting businesse at Copmanhagen contracted a feaver and died there, [ K] being in his Camerades absence honourably buried by the Stathoul∣ders direction; whose death, as untimely, was much regrated by all his Camerades, he being a valorous and expert Commander.

Likewise Iohn Hampeseede, an old true servant to my cozen the Barron of Fowles, he dying of a feaver at Angle leager, was honourably buried there.

This Danes warre thus ended, was the beginning of a greater warre, as is said: for the Emperour (in Summer 1629. The Danes peace being made in August 1629) did send assistance of men unto the Pole, against his Maje∣sty of Sweden, under the command of the Felt-marshall Arnhem, which the next summer did bring the sword of the Sweden against himselfe. So that we see there is nothing here on earth to be expected by us, more then a con∣tinuall warfare. Lord therefore make us dayly to warre in that spirituall war∣fare, serving truely the King of Kings and Lord of hosts, fighting that good fight against our spirituall enemies, where he that overcomes, receives for a reward (instead of worldly glory) an immortall Crowne of Glory in the Heavens.

The Colonells Observation of the Kingdome of Denmarke.

HAving had the honour to have dined with his Majesty at his Table, then in the gorgeous, & pleasant Palace of Freddesborree, taking leave of his Majesty, having kissed his hand, I retired to Alzenheur; where I began to thinke, that this King could have said of his whole King∣dome, as Scipio said, you see not a man amongst all those, but if I command him, he will from a Turret throw himselfe into the Sea: even so this Mag∣nanimous King, to my knowledge, was of absolute authority in his King∣dome, as all Christian Kings ought to be in theirs ever obeyed in the Lord, without asking the head a reason; Why doe you command us thus? For we reade that the favour of the Lord was in Iuda, in giving them one heart in doing, and obeying the commandements of the King, and of their Magistrates and Principalls, as I did cleerely observe in this Kingdome of Denmarke the goodnesse of government, for the florishing of the Kingdome; where Totus orbis componebatur ad exemplum Regis. He commanding, they obeyed; both lived in prosperity, the Ruler or King Heroick, wise, noble, magnanimous and worthy.

The Gentry, Citizens and Communalty obedient, which made their joy and felicity to continue, in despite of their mighty foes, and that by rea∣son of his Majesties Government in military discipline, who doth entertaine a great number of Officers yeerely, having good allowance for comman∣ding of Souldiers trained up in peace, against warre, such as Colonells, Lievetenant-Colonells, Majors, Captaines and other inferiour Officers, which are still entertained at the countries charge, in exercising of Souldiers for his Majesties emploiment, being alike ever ready in all Provinces for peace or warre. Would to God we were so well provided in our owne country at home, and then we needed not to feare any forraine enemy, that are enemies to God, to our King, and to our Religion.

And for the better maintaining of warre, no Kingdome or King I know, is better provided of a Magazin, then this magnanimous King, for Armes, brasse ordnance (whereof every yeere his Majesty doth cast above a hun∣dred peeces) being sufficiently provided of Amunition and of all sorts of fiery Engines, to be used by Sea or Land, together with Armour sufficient for to arme a great Armie of Horse. His Majestie is also sufficiently well provided of shipping, and yearely doth adde to the number, which ships are built by two worthy Scottish-men, called Mr. Balfoure, and Mr. Sinclaire, being both well accounted off by his Majestie, who in like manner hath a Reprobane at Copmanhagen, for making of Cords and Cables for his ship∣ping and Kingdome, where I was informed, that in twenty foure houres time, they were able to furnish the greatest ship the King had, of Cables and of all other tackling and cordage, necessary to set out the Ship.

Likewise by his Majesties Artizens within the Kingdome, all sort of stuffes and silkes are woven, sufficient to serve the Kingdome, and his neighbours that please to buy.

Moreover this Kingdome is worthy commendation, for the order of Iu∣stice and Lawes, having their Law-books deciding all controversies amongst them, and if it come to any great difference, the Kings Majestie, as being above the Law, sits in judgement as the Interpreter and Director of Iustice, and according to his Princely dignity, mitigates as pleaseth his Majestie the law, and decides the controversie.

This Kingdome also is praise-worthy, for the purity of their Gentry, be∣ing as ancient and noble, as any other Kingdome, and can bragge of a puter and cleerer bloud of Gentility, then many Nations can: for they never ally or enter into marriage with any inferiour to themselves, be they never so rich, if they be Burgars or Plebeians, they never marry with them; and if one of their daughters will, through love, miscarry in her affection, to marry a Citizen, they will not thereafter doe so much as to honour her with their company, but on the contrary, shee loseth both her portion and ho∣nour, not suffering her to carry the armes of her familie.

Moreover, this Nation is praise-worthy for their entertaining of learning, and of the liberall Sciences professed in their owne Vniversities, where their children are well taught and trained up, after a noble and heroick manner, within their owne Kingdome, not onely in their Studies of the liberall Sci∣ences, but also in their exercise of body, as fencing, dancing, singing, play∣ing of Instruments, and riding of horses, and what else are noble Recrea∣tions, as learning of forraine languages, Spanish, Italian, French, Dutch, and such like, and afterwards their youth being well travell'd, returning from their Travells, they attend on the Chancellarie, as under-Secretaries to States-men, to enable them to be profitable members in the Common∣weale. And being foris familiat, according to their gifts and qualities, they are preferred to Government and charges under his Majestie, in all Pro∣vinces of the Kingdome of Denmarke, Tewtland, Holsten, and Norway.

His Majestie also is praise-worthy, for his Oeconomie in keeping of Store∣houses to feed Oxen, and stalles for keeping of milch Cowes, whereof is re∣ceived yearely great income of moneys, for Butter and Cheese made in great quantitie by Hollanders in Denmarke, Holsten, and Yewtland: which parts a∣bound also with all sorts of Fish, which inricheth his Majesties treasure in∣finitely, together with their trading by Sea to the fishing in Greeneland,

bringing great commoditie to the Subjects, in serving themselves, as also in bringing of money into the Kingdome, by furnishing of others. Also this Land abounds in Corne, which makes great cheapnesse in this King∣dome, where I have lived nobly entertained with two servants for twelve shillings sterling a weeke, being a whole winter in Garrison at Malemce in Skoneland. Where I did see and observe the custome used by the Danes Gen∣trie in their house-keeping, wherein they are not prodigall, but yet very no∣ble, not differing much from our owne customes at home, entertaining many persons attendant, but not with costly or daintie fare, but aboundant in meate and drinke; obliging also they are in entertaining strangers of fashi∣on; they keepe long Tables, at which there sit sometimes above thirtie per∣sons: ordinary Tables they use besides, ordained for the attendants of the familie, who sit not till their Masters have halfe din 'd or sup't: they keepe al∣so many horses, hounds and hawkes, with attendance answerable, which makes their families great.

Here I did observe, that the Subjects doe follow the example of their King, in their apparrell, in their vertues, and Oeconomie, where I did see vertue to have beene alike habituall in King, Gentry, Citizens, and Coun∣try, being all in their degrees extraordinary rich, not onely in money, but also in Iewells and plate; nothing inferiour, in my judgement, to any neigh∣bour Country. It was observed in the Court of the Emperour Maximilian the second, a good Prince and a vertuous, that many Lords and great Seig∣nieurs not onely clad themselves according to the colour he wore, but also had the same vessells and moveables: the greatest Ladies also followed the Empresse; so that those kindes of cloathing that before were disdained and out of request, were then followed, all being clad with skinnes and leather. The Emperour and the Empresse not disdaining to carry and weare them, the rest followed: the pearles and precious stones did rise to the great price, that they are now at by the rich, that made the price so high, that the poore could not attaine unto them. To shew this by example, we reade of Sabina Poppæa, to whom nothing was wanting, but shame and honestie, being ex∣tremely beloved of Nero, had the colour of her haire yellow, like Amber, which Nero esteemed much of, in singing Verses made on her on the Cit∣tern: and from this came that the whole Damsels of Rome and Italie did like best to have that colour of haire in their Buskins, Bracelets and cloathing, and the Amber, which before was in no esteeme, became very deare, seeing Nero esteemed of it; which makes Plinie report, speaking of the Comoedians apparell, that they carried so much Amber, that it was admirable to behold; which shewes, that the examples of great personages have great power, in matters of moment and consequence, as it hath in things of lesse impor∣tance.

For as Villeius Paterculus spake of the Emperour Augustus, a good Prince teacheth his Subjects to doe well, and as he is the greatest in estate, even so he is the greatest in example, the people casting their eyes on their Prince, sitting high, in sight of all, they delight narrowly to consider all he doth and saith, and they looke unto the most hidden things of his actions, as through little holes: and therefore before all places, the Kings Court ought to be holiest, and cleerest of all vices, and endued with most honestie, which be∣times will make the whole Kingdome conforme. To confirme this, we reade in our owne story a memorable example; how the King Iosina tooke

pleasure and delight to discourse much with Physicians and Chirurgians; in a short time the Lords and Gentrie did accommodate themselves to the Princes humour, that many ages after, there was no noble familie in Scot∣land, that was not expert and well taught in dressing and healing the wounds of the body. A knowledge very necessary for men of our profession, that oft-times are lost for want of good cure. And we reade, that King IAMES the fourth, following the laudable custome of his Ancestors, was very ex∣pert in this kinde, in healing of wounds. A noble knowledge of so noble a Prince, and so great a Captaine, as he was! And the common Proverbe is, that the little prettie dogges or puppies doe any thing to please their Mi∣stresses; and we say, he smells of the pot he hath licked. Here then you see the power of good and bad examples.

To conclude then. Let us learne by the good examples aforesaid, to follow the vertuous examples of our noble Master and King, not neglecting the service and dutie we owe to the King of Kings, since our lives here are but like bubbles of the water, now seene, now vanisht.

THE TABLE OF THE FIRST PART.

A.	Page.	Letter.
THE Affronting man should be taught the way to his duty.	4	B.
Andrew and Ferwhar Monroes killed at Oulden∣burg.	18	Q.
No Armor is able to resist feare.	30	B.
The Ancients of old, before they fought, cansed to sound their Trumpets and beate their Drummes, and made their Souldiers cry hard,	70	Q.
A sound Advise in distresse is most comfortable to friend.	73	W.
The Appealer oftimes doth receive the reward of his Temerity.	84	I.
Andrew Monro killed in combat.	84	I.
B.
Booty made by oppression never blesseth the owner long.	52	Z.
That Bloud is not to be accounted lost, which is shed for a noble Master.	5	D.
Bruntfield a valorous Officer hurt at Trailsound.	68	M.
A Bemish Captaine being a valorous Cavalier, was killed resisting the storme at Trailsound.	68	M.
Boistrous words betoken not much courage.	70	P.
C.
Captaine Lermond received his deaths wound.	11	L.
Captaine Mackey and Captaine Forbesse of Tullough shot at Ol∣denburg.	18	Q.
Captaine Mack-donald having valorously behaved himselfe, was slaine at Trailsound.	78	C.
Captaine Mackenyee as a pure sparke amongst Diamonds did shine amongst Officers for his valour at Trailesound.	79	E.

Captaine Boswell killed by Boores.	4	C.
Captaine Mackenyee under God, was the instrument of his Maje∣stie of Denmarks safety at Wolgast.	81	G.
Change hath no place to ruine, though well to alter where order and concord is kept, as was in our Regiment.	83	H.
Captaine Andrew Stewart, brother to the Earle of Traquare, died at Copmanhagen, and was buried there.	86	K.
Captaine Monro his valour in clearing the passage.	18	Q.
Citizens of Trailsound compared to the Swordfish, having weapons but wanting hearts, and had quaking hands without use.	76	&
Colonell Mackey with his owne division defends the Passe at Ol∣denburg.	17	P.
Colonell Mackey had his face spoyled with Gunpowder.	18	Q.
Colonell Frets a Leeflander was slaine on our post at Trailsound.	69	N.
Count of Mongomery cruelly beaten by the Rascall Boores, being mistaken.	47	V.
The nature of the Common people, is to serve as slaves, or to strike like Tyrants.	40	X.
A Caveat for making Booty.	32	E.
Citizens of Trailsound forgetting benefit, were more unthankefull then beasts.	66	L.
Charlemaine his priviledge granted to those had served well.	72	T.
A Cavalier ought patiently to attend his preferment.	3	B.
Continency in all things is most necessary for a Souldier.	25	X.
Men ought patiently to undergoe their Crosses, and not to despaire, as some did in Denmarke.	86	&.
He that thinkes on deaths Casuality, ought neither to be carelesse nor covetous.	86	V.
Cowards may be compared to dogs, that doe barke more then bite.	70	P.
The Cruelty was great the enemy used in harming the dead and inno∣cent.	40	K.
D.
It is a worthy and brave enterchange when men attaine unto eternall fame and glory after Death for a temporall Death.	41	L.
The strictnesse of Discipline is the conservation of an Army.	36	G.
It were impossible to make Boores and Souldiers agree together without the strictnesse of Military Discipline	62	F.
It is never good in plenty, to Disdaine Souldiers, lest in adversity they may prove unusefull.	2	A.
The observance of Discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes, Cities and Common-wealths.	69	O.
Dumbarre renowned in despite of envy.	13	L.
It is the Duty of valorous Commanders, to care for the buriall of the slaine though their enemies.	25	Y.
We are Drowned in the mud of vice and slothfulnesse, while we want bu∣sinesse, and have no foe to awe us.	46	T.

E.
An English Cavalier being deadly wounded, retired bravely at Keel.	55	B.
Ensignes six of Scots shot at Ouldenburg.	18	Q.
A rare Example of strength and courage in Ensigne David Monro.	21	S.
Emulation of Superiours by example groweth amongst inferiours.	37	H.
The whole Officers were hurt except one Ensigne Ihonston.	68	M.
He that wilfully continues an Enemy teacheth his enemy to doe him a mis∣chiefe if he can.	77	A.
Though the Enemy be unworthy, reconcile with him to be freed of his scandalous tongue.	77	A.
The Enemy studies all the plots of our ruine, and the danger is ever most that is least seene.	77	&.
Experience teacheth that neither Fly, Bee, nor Waspe can harme those that are healed of the sting of Scorpions.	22	T.
The best Exhortation a Leader can give Souldiers, is to shew himselfe va∣lorous.	23	W.
Enemies prove oftimes good pedagogues, setting both death and judgment before us.	66	K.
F.
Feare doth put us in a more horrid habit then any enemy can doe.	22	F.
It is not good to Feele the ill of the sturdy popular having once loosed the reine.	48	W.
Friends that are trusty, the best companions of danger.	14	M.
To be a Follower of the popular sort is a vaine thing.	50	Y.
The Foote is alwayes more usefull in warres and lesse chargable then Horse.	23	W.
Fortune having crossed his Majesty of Denmarke in his warres abroade brought the sword of his enemies within his owne Kingdome.	29	A.
G.
The Germans are commonly friends to the victorious et e contra.	16	O.
Germans of old did sing, going on service.	70	P.
Those that thirst after Gold, let them bring it valiantly from afarre, to supply the poore at home, or to decore and enrich their Coun∣try.	72	S.
A man is glad to come off with credit being hurt, as I was at Trailsound, where I thought to be slaine.	75	Y.
Ill Gotten gaines is farre worse then losses with preserved ho∣nesty.	31	D.
Gentlemen, three of my Colonells Company slaine at Trailsound, Gor∣don, Stewart, and Tullough.	68	M.

H.
Honour compared to a chaste made.	31	D.
Happie are those that travell in well-doing, for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure.	63	G.
Hugh Murray, his brother being slaine, would not carry him off till he had beene revenged, and then himselfe shot in the Eye, the Bullet came out at his Nose.	23	V.
Hector Monro being shot in one foot, would not retire till first he emptied his Bandeliers, and being shot then through the other foote, was carried off by others.	23	V.
We ought never to glory too much in peace or prosperitie, as the Holsteners did, but rather to prevent the worst.	28	&.
The Highland Souldier his predictive Dreame seene at Trailsound.	75	Z.
I.
A just cause and a just deputation, is that which gives the minde securi∣tie. And he dyeth well that dyeth fighting for a just cause.	53	&.
Iustice the strictest that is observed amongst Souldiers.	44	S.
An Isles Gentleman being deadly wounded, did swimme with his Cloaths and wounds to escape the fury of his Enemies.	32	D.
K.
As forraine Kings make use of Cavaliers in their need, so they ought with reason if not rewarded, make their retreat to their King and Master, be∣ing disdained without respect.	25	X.
Our Knowledge is of none effect without assurance in God through Christ.	5	E.
The King of Denmark deserved praise for enterprising the warre, though the successe was not answerable.	30	B.
The King of Denmark commended for his care.	32	E.
The King of Denmark contrary to feare through his valour did cast a kinde of honour upon God confiding in his care onely.	35	F.
The King of Denmark did establish his Throne in despite of his Ene∣mies.	35	F.
Kings are but servants, though more splendid, for the Common∣wealth.	35	F.
The Kings Majestie of Denmark commended.	43	O.
The King of Denmark did comfort his Officers after their losse sustained before KEEL.	29	A.
Kings are kept and guarded from eminent danger by the Lord.	29	A.
A King or a Prince that undertakes toyle and travell in his body for the safetie of his people, is commendable.	59	D.

L.
Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse dyed in Holstein.	1	A.
A Leaders dutie set downe at large.	8	G.
Lievetenant Martin killed at Bisenburg-Skonce.	11	I.
Lievetenant Hugh Rosse having lost his leg, wished he had a woodden Leg.	17	P.
Lievetenant Colonell Seaton shot at Ouldenburg.	18	Q.
A Lievetenant and thirteen Souldiers killed with one shot of Cannon.	65	K.
The Love of horses wonderfull to their Masters.	30	C.
Lievetenant Colonell Seaton commended for keeping strict Discipline.	66	L.
Lindesey of Bainshow a valorous Cavalier, received three dangerous wounds at Trailsound.	78	C.
Lievetenant Lumsdell in time of hot service desired Colonell Holk, being retiring, to stay and to see if the Scots durst fight.	79	D.
M.
Major Dumbar his custome commendable going on service.	40	L.
The Majestie of a King ought never to be denyed by his subjects in things indifferent.	1	A.
Major Wilson his over-sight in making his Accord lost his Colours.	12	K.
The meanest things doe helpe against the Enemy, as the casting of sand and Bee-hives.	13	L.
Murdo Poulson killed at Ouldenburg by the Cannon.	18	Q.
Mutiny should ever be detestable in all estates, as amongst Souldiers.	48	W.
The multitude tumultuous hath more changes than the deepe Sea in a tem∣pest hath waves.	24	X.
The Makelesse, the Sweden Ship, by report, did carry two hundred pieces of Ordnance.	56	C.
No Menagrie comparable to that which spares the lives of men.	63	G.
N.
A Nation being enemies to vice, and glad in their povertie, they may haply remaine unconquered.	72	S.
O.
Officers are well rewarded when their followers are well disciplined.	37	H.
The opinion Subjects doe conceive of their Princes care in the conserva∣tion of his Kingdome moves them to obedience.	43	P.
Officers by their noble carriage, and good example, doe often encourage their followers to well-doing.	55	B.
Officers ought never out of ostentation to make choice of a weake Poste to defend, as Seaton did at Trailsound.	62	F.

Officers or Souldiers that preferre their safetie before the reliefe of their Camerades, may be justly called simple.	72	S.
P.
The Properties of a valiant Souldier.	72	S.
Poule Leaguer called the Flesh-Leaguer, where a great Oxe-hide was sold for a Can of Beere.	15	N.
The publique State being ruin'd, he that lives at ease for his particular, shall not escape from being ruin'd.	59	D.
Panick feare entering into Towne, Strength, or Armie, is most dangerous in the night.	73	W.
Our Piety towards God, and our reputation amongst men, are the two things we ought to respect so long as we live.	75	Y.
Pittie never shines more cleerely, than when shee is clad in steele.	53	Z.
A Pigeon carrying a Letter unto a beleaguered Towne, taken and let loose.	71	Q.
R.
Resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare.	3	B.
A Roman Captaine did tremble being victorious.	16	N.
Our Regiment was beholding to Duke Barnard of Wymar.	19	R.
A Reliefe in time is the most comfortable thing can come to a Souldier in time of hot service.	23	W.
The Roman Empire too little for a possession for the Prince Elector Pala∣tine.	37	I.
Ravishers were punished with the losse of life and goods.	44	Q.
Remedies to hinder men from vice.	44	R.
Rutmaster Hoome and his Camerades helped to make the Scots retreat safe at Volgast.	80	F.
S.
Scots readiest of all Nations to take a true Alarum.	7	F.
A Scots Suttler punished by Bees for his long stay.	10	H.
The Scots at Bisenberg resisted well the Storme.	11	I.
Souldiers of all professions should looke nearest to credit.	14	M.
Sinewes are added to the vertuous mind by noble actions, and every one shall smell of that he is busied in.	46	T.
Scots Highland-men before Keel; in necessitie made use of their swim∣ming, though wounded, in their Clothes.	55	B.
Scots and English in forraine warre ever good seconds.	60	E.
A Souldier at Trailsound made a prettie reply to his Camerade being jee∣ring.	65	I.

A Story notable of a Dragon and a Lyon.	66	L.
Sergeant Mackey and seven more killed in one night at Trailsound, be∣ing all of our Regiment.	68	M.
A Stratagem whereby the Boores in Scotland made the English Horses to breake loose.	70	Q.
Seven hundred and threescore Shot of Cannon in one day were shot upon Frankendore in Trailsound.	71	R.
Spiney's Regiment entered into Trailsound.	74	X.
Souldiers are in policie like to the Crocodile, for, to make one another to fall, they slime the wayes.	76	&.
Sir Alexander Lesly being made Governour of Trailsound, conferred the credit of the first out fall on Spiney's Regiment.	78	C.
Sir Iohn Hume of Ayton being pittifully wounded, was taken prisoner and dyed with the Enemy.	78	C.
A Servant that doth endanger his owne life for the reliefe of his Master, testifies his true service, as Mackenyee did.	81	G.
Sufferance in a noble manner begets love, as Henry Lindesey dyed at Wolgast.	80	T.
T.
Treatie or Still-stand the use of it.	76	&.
Trailsound became flourishing by their hopes, having got Sir Alexander Lesly for their Governour.	77	B.
V.
Vertue and wisedome are the best guards of safetie.	42	M.
VV.
The Watch on the Elve surprised.	24	X.
Wounds gotten with credit are the best tokens of courage in a Soul∣dier.	23	W.
Women are forbidden to shed teares for their children that dyed standing serving the Publique.	26	Z.
The wise man is onely the cunningest Fencer.	42	N.
Watch in beleaguered places is the maine point to be looked unto.	64	H.
In Warres Summum Ins is found to be Summa Injuria.	64	H.
Walestein his pride was great when he caused to kill the hurt Officers re∣tired with slight wounds.	69	O.
A worthy Enemy reconciled can be a worthy Friend.	77	A.

That man is wise that is kinde to his Friend and sharpe to his Enemy, but he is wiser that can entertaine his Friend in love and make his Enemy like him.

77

A.

Notes

• * 1.1

  H. F. obs.