A display of heraldrie

SECT. VI. CHAP. V.

* 1.1IN the former Chapters hath been treated of such Coat-Armours as are marshalled within the Escocheon; In order it now succeedeth to speak of Marshalling without the Escocheon.

* 1.2These are certain Ornaments externally annexed to the Coat-Armour of any Gentleman, by reason of his advancement to some Honour, or place of eminency by the gracious favour of the Soveraign, as an Honourable addi∣tion to his generous birth. Of these there are divers particulars, which being conjoyned and annexed to a Coat-Armour do constitute an At∣chievment.

* 1.3An Atchievment, acccording to Leigh, is the Arms of every Gentleman, well Marshalled with the supporters, Helmet, Wreath, and Crests with Mantles and Words, which of Heralds is properly called in Blazon, Heawme and Timbre.* 1.4 The French word Heulme, which we call in English an Helmet, seem∣eth to have given derivation to that word Heawme. And the word Timmer, to our Timbre, for that in the Almain tongue, is the same that we in Latine call Apex, or Summitas acuminata, and betokeneth the Crest, that is usually born upon the Helmet. For so doth Kilianus Dufflene expound it, calling it, Timbe ost Timber van Den Helme, which is as much to say, as Crista galeae, Conus galeae, Summus Apex.

* 1.5Note, that the generall words used by Leigh, in his said description of an Atchievment, must be restrained onely to those particular persons to whom supporters (either by Law, or by Custome) are properly due: for that none under the degree of a knight banneret, may bear his arms supported. And in some Countries (as by name in Burgundy, saith Chassaneus) it is not

permitted to persons inferiour to the degree of a Knight,* 1.6 to Tymber their Arms, that is to say, to adorn them with Helmet, Mantle, Crest, &c. as Chassaneus noteth, saying, Nulli licitum est, nec solet quis Tymbrare Arma sua, nisi sit saltem Eques militaris, Vulgo Chevalier. But with us the custom is otherwise; for in bearing of Arms each particular Country hath some∣thing peculiar to it self, and hath her proper customs which have the vi∣gour of a Law, Quia consuetudo, ubi Lex scripta non est,* 1.7 valet quantum Lex ubi scripta est. Therefore herein the custom of each Country is to be re∣spected: Specialis enim consuetudo vincit legem in eo loco ubi est consuetudo, dum∣modo post legem fuerit inducta, alias vincitur a lege superveniente. But it may seem that such bearing is rather tolerated through custom, then allowed in the strict construction of the Law of Arms.

Now, that the things so externally annexed to Coat-Armour,* 1.8 and also the order of their placing may the better be conceived, I will handle each part by it self, wherein I will ensue that course of Natures method, which Zanchius saith, was by Moses observed in the History of the Creation, which is, a principiis componentibus ad res compositas. The parts compounding are those before mentioned; viz. the Helmet, Mantle, Crest▪ &c.* 1.9 Of which some have place above the Escocheon; some under it; some round about it; some on each side of it.

Of the first sort, are the Helmet, Mantle, Escroule, Wreath, Crown, Cap, &c. and for as much as with us, the Nobles are divided into Nobiles majores,* 1.10 as Dukes, Marquesses, Earles, Viscounts, Barons and Bannerets: and into Nobiles minores, as Knights, Esquires, and ordinary Gentlemen: and that to these par∣ticular degrees, there are allotted sundry forms of Helmets, whereby their severall states are discerned: I will exemplifie their divers fashions, be∣ginning with the Inferiour sort, (for that is the progress proper to degrees or steps) and so ascend to the highest; as in example.

[illustration] helmet

This form of Helmet, placed sidelong, and close,* 1.11 doth Ger. Leigh attribute to the dignity of a ••night, but in mine understanding, it fitteth better the calling of an Esquire, whom we do call in Latine, Scutifer, and ho∣mo ad arma. Of these, each Knight, (in time past) had two to attend him in the Wars,* 1.12 whithersoever he went, who bare his Helmet and Shield before him; for as much as they did hold certain Lands of him in Scutage, as the Knight did hold of the King by Mili∣tary service. And they were called, Scutiferi (saith the Learned Clarenceux) a Scuto ferendo; ut olim scutarii Romanis dicti, qui vel à Clypeis gentilitiis, quos in nobilitatis Insignia gestabant, vel quia Principibus & Majoribus illis Nobilibus ad Armis erant, nomen traxerunt.

This kind of service is exceeding ancient, as we may see of Abimelech, of whom it is said, Quare inclamans celeriter puerum Armigerum edixit ei;* 1.13 stringe gladiam tuum, & morti trade me, ne dicant de me, mulier interfecit me. Also, 1 Sam. 17.7. it is said, Et qui scutum ferebat, antecedebat eum:* 1.14 And a little after, Verse 41. Viro illo, qui ferebat scutum praecedente eo. Sithence then the Office of these Esquires or Pages, as some do name them,* 1.15 was to precede their Commander upon whom they attended, bearing those his Military Habiliments, it fitteth well the respective care that they ought to have for the execution of his directions, oftentimes with a regardfull Eye,

and attentive Ear, to observe and listen what he will prescribe them: and therefore the Helmet, born thus sidelong, (if I erre not in my under∣standing) doth denote unto us,* 1.16 Attention and Obedience, and therefore is properly attributed to the Dignity of a Knight, to whom (among those that we call Nobiles minores) it appertaineth in Martiall affairs, to give, and not attend directions.

* 1.17

[illustration] helmet

This form of Helmet (in my conceit) doth best quadrate with the dignity of a Knight, though Leigh improperly useth the same; the same, (I say) in re∣gard of the direct standing thereof, but diverse in this, that the Bever of that is close, and this open. For he assigneth this to the degree of an Esquire: wherein I altogether dissent, as well for that the full-faced Helmet doth signifie direction or command, like as the former presenteth attention and obedience, as also for that it is a greater honour to bear the Beaver open then close; the close bearing signifying a buckling on of it, as a preparation to the battell, and the open Beaver betokeneth a return from battel with glory of Victory.* 1.18 So said Ahab King of Israel to the messenger that he sent to Benhadad, King of Syria; Tell him, Let not him that girdeth his harness boast himself, as he that putteth it off: which Tremellius thus interpreteth; Qui in∣duit arma pugnaturus, ne ita gloriator ac si victoria parta illa deponeret; that is, according to the vulgar saying, We must not triumph before the victory. And for a further proof, that this form is more agreeable to the dignity of a Knight then the former; you must observe, that if among Nobiles ma∣jores, or their Superiours (having Soveraign jurisdiction) it be reckoned a chief token of honour to bear their peculiar Helmets full-faced and open; then doubtless, amongst Nobiles minores, it is no less honour for Knights (who amongst them have a kind of superiority) to bear their Helmets after the same manner: Illud enim est melius, quod optimo est propinquius; & in eo∣dem casu idem Jus statuendum est.

* 1.19

[illustration] helmet

This fashion of sidelong Helmet, and open faced, with gardevisure over the sight, is common to all persons of Nobility under the degree of a Duke, whereof a Baron (saith Leigh) is the lowest, that may bear the same on this manner. And of these each one is sub∣ordinate unto other, as well in Jurisdiction, as in rank of Nobility;* 1.20 as Chassaneus noteth, saying, Sicut Rex de∣bet habere sub se decem Duces, ita Dux debet habere decem Comites, seu Marchiones; & Comes seu Marchio decem Barones, & Baro decem Feudatores. And for these re∣spects, if I be not deceived, do they all bear their Helmets sidelong, for that each of them attendeth the directions of the other, to whose Jurisdicti∣on they are subjected.

The word Gardevisure, corruptly imprinted Gardeinsure, is a French term, devised for the more apert expressing of the use thereof, for as much as they do serve for the safegard and defence of the face; for so may we lawfully invent words, in case we want apt terms to express the nature and use of things, as Lipsius well noteth, saying, Datur venia novitati verborum rerum abscuritatibus inservienti.

Moreover, there are more things in the world, then there are names for

them; according to the saying of the Philosopher, Nomina sunt finita, res autem infinitae, ideo unum nomen plura significat; which saying is by a certain, (or rather uncertain) Author approved. Multis speciebus non sunt nomina: Idcirco necessarium est nomina fingere, si nullum ante erit nomen impositum.

[illustration] helmet

This kind of Helmet is proper to persons exercising Soveraign power over their subjects, and inferiours,* 1.21 as Emperours, Monarchs, Kings, Princes, and Dukes, and such as do by an absolute Jurisdiction, manage the Government of free States or Countries. And a Duke (according to Leigh) is the lowest that may bear his Helmet on this fashion. As the first and third sort of Helmets before expressed do signifie attention and ob∣servance (for the reasons formerly delivered) in their severall degrees: so contrariwise the second and this fourth sort in theirs, do betoken authority, direction, and Command; for so do all Soveraigns; as also all Generals, Captains, and Commanders in Marti∣all affaires, and Magistrates and Governours in the managing of civil Govern∣ment, in prescribing of Orders and Directions to the multitude, use a steady and set countenance, fixing their Eyes directly on those to whom they ad∣dresse their Counsels or Commands; and such a gesture beseemeth men of such place, for that it representeth a kinde of Majestie. This property is observed to be naturally in the Frog,* 1.22 whereof Spenser the Poet making mention, termeth it, The Lording of Frogs, because in their sitting, they hold their heads steady; looking directly in a kinde of gravity of State, with∣out any motion at all.

Now, the bearing of the Helmet in Atchievement, is sometimes single,* 1.23 sometimes manifold. It is said to be born single, when the Atchievment is adorned with one onely Helmet, as in those hereafter ensuing shall be seen.

I call that a manifold bearing,* 1.24 when for the garnishing and setting forth of an Atchievment, two Helmets or more are placed upon the Shield or Es∣cocheon, because sometimes for beautifying the Atchievment of some great Personage of Noble birth, or Eminent place, three Helmets are placed joyntly upon the Shield.

Touching the manner of placing diverse Helmets upon one Shield,* 1.25 these Rules following are to be observed; viz. If you will place two for the respects aforesaid, then must they be so set, as the Beaver of the one may be opposite to the other, as if they were worn by two persons aspect∣ing, or beholding each other.* 1.26 But if you place three helmets for any of these respects above remembered, then must you place the middle stand∣ing directly forwards, and the other two upon the sides, after a sidelong man∣ner, with their Beavers turned toward the middlemost, in representation of two persons aspecting the third.

The next in order of these Exteriour parts of an Atchievment,* 1.27 is the Mantle, so named of the French word Manteau, which with us is taken for a long Robe. This was a Military habit used in ancient time of great Com∣manders in the Field, as well to manifest their high place, as also (being cast over their Armour) to repell the extremity of wet, cold and li••t, and withall to preserve their Armour from rust, so to continue thereby the glit∣tering lustre thereof.

* 1.28Of this kind of habit the famous, Sir Geffery Chaucer maketh mention in the Knights Tale; where treating of the adventures of Palemon and Arcite for the love of Emely the Dukes daughter of Athens, he describeth the habits and ornaments of the Kings that accompanied them to the lists of the Com∣bate; where of Demetrius King of India, he saith, that he

Came riding like the God of Arms Mars, His Coat-Armour was of cloth of Thrace, Couch'd with Pearl white round and great, His Saddle was of burnisht gold newly beat. A Mantle on his shoulders hanging, Beat full of Rubies red as fire sparkling.

Where I collect, that this Mantle here mentioned, was worn for the purposes formerly spoken, and that in the hanging thereof from the shoulders of Demetrius it did cast it self into many plaits (as naturally all garments of large size do) which form of plaiting in the Art of Painting, is termed Drapery. Wolfang. Lazius, speaking of this kind of habit, calleth the same Chlamys mantuelis, saying, Chlamys mantuelis recensetur itidem a Tribellio inter dona militaria a Galieno Claudio, qui post fuit Angustus, data. Zanchius ait, De nostris Parthicis paria tria, singilones Dalmatenses decem, Chlamydem Dardaniam Mantuelem unam.* 1.29 This sort of habit have some Authors called, Toga Militaris, and other Lacerna: Ego vero, (saith Lazius) togam militarem eandem cum Lacerna extitisse autumo. As we shewed a difference of Helmets used in the garnishing of Atchievments of persons of different estate and dignity, so it may seem there hath been in ancient time, a diverse form of Mantling used for the difference betwixt Nobiles majores and minores. For Franc.* 1.30 de Rosiers, mentioning the Charter of Charles the second, Duke of Lorrain to the Abby of Belprey, 1420. he saith, concerning the Seal thereof, Portat in Tymbre Aquilam cum paludamento Ducali, whereby we may pro∣bably gather, that Dukes in those days, and in that place, had a different form of mantleing, from persons of inferiour degrees: But in these things, each Nation, for the most part, hath some custom peculiar to it self.

Rodolph, Duke of Lorrain, son of Frederick the third, was the first that bare his Arms Tymbered, as the same Author affirmeth, saying, Hic Prin∣ceps fuit Primus qui portavit Arma cum. Galea Tymbrata, ut patet in literis ejus & aliorum ducum: But I suppose the generality of these words must be restrained to that particular place. For Wolf. Lazius seemeth to affirm that such a form of bearing hath been anciently used amongst the Romanes; where he saith,* 1.31 Atque hactenus de Christis quae in majorum nostrorum insignibus magis ad Romanum similitudinem accedere arbitror, sic ea cum pictura nostra in frontispicio operis contuleris.

Neither hath this habit escaped Transformation, but hath passed through the forge of phanaticall conceit, (as well as those Helmets before handled) in so much as (besides the bare name) there remaineth neither shape or shadow of a Mantle: For how can it be imagined that a piece of cloth, or of whatsoever other stuff, that is jagged and frownced, after the manner of our now common received Mantleings used for the adoring of Atchiev∣ments, being imposed upon the shoulders of a man, should serve him to any of the purposes for which Mantles were ordained? So that these being compared with those, may be more fitly termed, flourishings then mantlings.

But as they are used in Atchievments, whether you call them mantles,* 1.32 or flourishings, they are evermore said in Blazon to be doubled, that is, lined throughout with some one of the Furs before handled in the first Section of this Work, as well of those Furs that do consist of more colours then one, as of those that be single and unmixt. For so the Romans used to wear their cloaks or mantles lined throughout, sometimes with one coloured fur, and other whiles with furs of variable colours, whereof they were called,* 1.33 Depictae penulae: of which latter sort, Alex. ab Alex. speaketh, saying, Ta∣metsi legamus Caligulam depictas penulas saepe induisse; and Lazius,* 1.34 Penula picta loscivioris vitae imperatoribus in usu fuit: whereof he giveth an instance out of Tranquillus, who saith of Caligula, that he was saepe depictis gemmatissque penulis indutus.

These were called depictae penulae, because of the variety of the coloured skins wherewith they were furred or lined, which made a shew as if those doublings or linings had been painted. Some of those doublings are of rare use at these days, which have been more frequent in former times, as I find in the Church of Gravenest in the County of Bedford, in a window, a mantle Sable doubled Verrey.

Next to the Mantle the Cognisance doth arrogate the highest place,* 1.35 and is seated upon the most eminent part of the Helmet, but yet so as that it ad∣mitteth an interposition of some Escroll, Wreath, Chapeau, Crown, &c. And it is called a Cognisance, à cognoscendo, because by them, such persons as do wear them are manifestly known whose servants they are. They are also called crests of the Latine word Crista, which signifieth a comb or tuft,* 1.36 such as many birds have upon their heads, as the Peacock, Lapwing, Lark, Heth∣cock, Feasant, Rust-cock, &c. And as those do occupy the highest part of the heads of these fowles; so do these cognisances or crests hold the most perspicuous place of the Helmet, as by the examples following shall ap∣pear in their due place.

Concerning the use of these cognisances or crests amongst the Romanes,* 1.37 Lazius (having spoken of shields, and the garnishing of them with portrai∣tures of living things,) hath these words: Hactenus de clypeorum pictura, sive sculptura Romanae Reipub. celebrata, unde nimirum & nostras caelaturas in his cly∣peis, quas Wappas dicunt, profectas credendum est. Jam enim Galeas illa quoque atque coronas supra positas cum cristis atque avium alis representabat.

But that the wearing of such crests was common to other Nations as well as the Romans, Alex. ab Alex. sheweth,* 1.38 affirming that the Almaines and the Cymbrians used helmets wrought about with shapes of hideous gaping Animals. The Carians had Rust-cocks for their crests. Alexander Magnus did inviron his helmet with a gallant Plume of purest white.

The Galathians bare sometimes horns,* 1.39 and other whiles the shapes of living things. The Trojanes, Mysians, and Thracians bare upon their brazen helmets, the ears and horns of an Oxe. Amongst the rest (saith he) that of Covidius the Centurion, which he used in the battel that he had against the Mysians, was holden to be admirable; that he bare upon his helmet a cup, that one while did flash out flames of fire, and other whiles would suck them in. Many more examples could I give to prove as well the antiquity as the generall use of crests; but holding this to be sufficient, I will now proceed to give examples of things that are interposed between the mantle and the crest, beginning with those of the inferiour reckoning, and so to those of better worth and estimation.

* 1.40

[illustration] escroll

It may seem an inveterate and overworn fashion in this age to bear a Crest upon an Es∣croll made of this or some other like manner; but how obso∣lete soever the same may be thought, Ger. Leigh doth confi∣dently affirm, that both in the time of King Henry the fifth, and long after, no man had his Badge set on a Wreath under the degree of a Knight: But howsoever time and usurpation concurring with prescription, hath so much prevailed, that it will be a matter of great difficulty to reduce men to that form of bearing so long neglected, yet may you observe that our most Noble Prince of Wales himself, to this day, thus beareth his Badge.

[illustration] wreath

This is an ancient Ornament of the head, and much in use with the Turks and Saracens, A∣mongst all the interpositions before mentioned that are placed between the Mantle and the crest, there is none of so frequent use as this; which sometimes is called in Blazon a Wreath, because it is made of two coloured silks, or more, wreathed together; sometimes also a Torce, for the same cause: Nempe quia torquetur, because it is woond or twisted. The mixture of the colours of this Wreath, is most usually taken from the metall or colours contained in the Paternall Coat of the bearer.* 1.41 For the orderly making of this Wreath, Leigh ascribeth this Rule, viz. That you must evermore begin with the Metall, and end with the colour.

* 1.42

[illustration] cap

This kind of Head-tire is called a Cap of digni∣ty; which cap (saith Chassaneus) Dukes accustom∣ed to wear in token of Excellency, because they had a more worthy government then other Subjects. Also they used to wear the same in token of Freedome: Quia debent esse magis liberi apud Principem supremum quam alii. This Cap must be of scarlet colour, and the lining or doubling thereof Ermine. Some do boldly affirm, (saith Sir John Ferne) that as well the Earl and Marquesse, as a Duke, may adorn his Head with this Chapeau or Cap, even by the same reason and custom that they do challenge to wear their coronets, because this cap, as also their crowns are allowed them, not onely for a declaration of their Princely dignities and degrees, but withall for tokens and testimonies of Triumph and Victory. For the wearing of the cap had a beginning from the Duke or Generall of an Army, who having gotten victory, caused the chiefest of the subdued enemies, whom he led captive, to follow him in his Triumph, bearing his Cap, or Hat after him, in token of subjection and captivity.

* 1.43

[illustration] crown

Albeit there are divers other sorts of Crowns more usually born, interposed between the Mantle and the crest; yet because this is sometimes put to like use, and that it is of all the rest the chiefest, I have selected this as an example of Crowns put to such use; the rather, be∣cause

I willingly comprehend all those of lesse esteem under it. That the Romans did bear Crowns upon their Helmets after this manner, it is clear by the testimony of Wolfang. Lazius, aswell in that I have formerly al∣leadged where I have spoken of the use of Crests: as also by his confirma∣tion thereof, where he saith, Caetera Coronarum genera in universum, quae vel Galeis in Armis suspensis ob virtutem donatae militibus, vel capitibus hominum vel Sacerdotum aut Emeritorum imponebantur octodecim invenio. Quarum, ex∣ceptis Aurea & Argentea, reliquae omnes ex plantis passim & herbis conficieban∣tur. The prerogative or preheminence of wearing of Crowns, belongeth not onely to such as have received the same for a remuneration of vertue, but also to persons, to whom the exercise of Soveraign Jurisdiction doth appertain, as the same Author witnesseth, saying, Praerogativam vero Coro∣nas ferendi non hi solum habebant, quibus hoc erat minus ex virtute concessum, verum etiam quibus ex officio licebat, Imperatoribus, Regibus, Sacerdotibus, &c. Touching sundry other forms of Crowns, I refer you to the judicious writings of Sir William Segar now Garter, principall King gf Arms.

HAving omitted in the former Sections, some bearings of signall Note and Augmentations of honour bestowed for eminent service, and some Presidents of bearing. I have thought fit here to insert them, though not in so good Method as I could wish, and first I shall take notice of an eminent Addition, the originall Patent being lately in my hands.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Fesse between two Cheu∣rons, Sable, three Crosses, Formee, of the Field, a Canton, Gules, charged with a Lyon of England, being the Coat of Sir John Walpoole Knight, Cornet to the late King in his own Troop, to memorize whose prudence & courage in his Majesties service, particularly at Croplady-Bridge, Letithiel, the first Newbery, Rowton, Naseby, and other places, his Ma∣jesty by Sir Edward Walker, his King of Arms con∣ferd this Canton for an Augmentation, and for his Crestan Arme holding the Cornet Royall, therein the Kings Motto, Dieu & mon Droit.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, per Pale, indented, Argent and Sable, a Cheuron, Gules, Fretty, Or, by the name of Mack∣worth, of which Family is Sir Thomas Macworth Ba∣ronet, whose Grandfather Sir Thomas was so crea∣ted, June 4. 1619. which Coat also appertains to Colonel Humphrey Mackworth, Governour of Shrews∣bury. This Cheuron (as I am informed from a judi∣cious person, and it seems very probable) was given as an Augmentation about the time of Richard the second to one of this Family by an eminent per∣son an Audley (being his own bearing) to whom the said Mackworth did then belong.

I shall in the next place shew you an example of a Gentleman bearing the Coat-armour of the Company he is free of, impaled with his own; wherein note that were he not of that quality, yet he might bear the Coat of his Company in Seal, Escocheon, or otherwise.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats impaled, first Barry-Nebulee, Argent and Azure, a chief quarterly, Or and Gules, in the first and third, two Roses of the second, in the other a Lyon of England, which is the Coat of the Merchant-Adventurers of London. The second is, per Pale, Argent and Gules, a Rose counter-changed, by the name of Nightingall. I am not ignorant, that sometimes we say seeded, Or, and barbed, Vert, but I think it meerly needlesse, because we alwayes paint them so, some also will object that the first part of the Field ought to be Ermine, tis true, there is of this Family that give it so, but as a distinction, and it was anciently thus, and takes the Eye with the similitude of the Yorke and Lancastrian Badges interwoven or conjoyned. These Coats may thus be borne by Geofrey Nightingall, Merchant-Adventurer, third Brother of Sir Thomas Nightingall of Newport Pond in Essex, Baronet, who with their brother Robert Nightingall of London, Mercer, are Grand-chil∣dren of Sir Thomas Nightingall, created Baronet 1628.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats impaled, first Azure, three Ships under saile, Argent, on a Chief, Or, as many Roses, Gules, a Pale thereon quarterly, of the first and fourth charged with a Flower de lis of France, and a Lyon of England, alternatim, which is the Arms of the East-Indy Company. The second Coat, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Oxen passant, Sa∣ble, Armed, Or, by the name of Oxinden, though there be a clause in this Book to the disrepute of castrated Beasts and Fowles, yet the Athenian Oxe is famous in History, and Capenhursts Coat is anci∣ent: This Coat was borne by Solomon Oxinden, who lived Anno 4. Ed. 3. from whom is descended Henry Oxinden of Deane in Kent, Esquire, George and Christopher, Merchants of East-Indy, who may bear their Coats as above depicted, sons of Sir James Oxinden Knight. Another Branch of this Family is seated at Maydekin in Barham, existing in the person of that ingenious Gentleman Henry Oxinden, who marryed Anne eldest Daughter of Sir Samuel Peyton, Knight and Baronet: This Family took its surname from a place called Oxinden in the Borough of Wolwich, in the Parish of Nonington in Kent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Sable, a Cheuron Engrailed, between three Madder-bags, Argent, banded or corded, Or, which is the bearing of the Company of Dyers of London, being the first Company after the twelve, and in∣corporated in the time of King Henry the sixth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Gules, on a Fesse, Ermine, between three An∣nulets, Or, a Lyon Passant, Azure, a croslet, Argent, for a difference, being the Coat of an eminent and spreading Family of this City and parts adjacent, by the name of Ʋnderwood.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Argent, on a Chief, Sable, two Boars heads coupee, of the field, by the name of Taylor, which is the Coat of that Ingenious Gentleman and Student in matters of An∣tiquity, Thomas Taylor of Kinsted and Shadoxhurst in the County of Kent, Esquire, Son and heir of Thomas Taylor Esq by Anne Sister of Sir Thomas Henley Knight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Azure, a Fesse embatteled, between six Estoiles, Or, by the name of Tryon, and appertains to Sir Samuel Tryon of Layer Marney in the County of Essex, Baronet, Peter Tryon of Edmunton in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, and Francis Tryon of London, Merchant, a Gentleman not to be forgotten for his judgment in Painting, and diligence in collecting (to his no small cost) rarities of severall sorts.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Vert, three Mullets of six points, pierced, Or, which Coat is borne by the reverend Divine Doctor Spur∣stow of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex: and his Brother Henry Spurstow of London, Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth two Coats quarterly. First, Sable, a Lyon passant, Argent, an Annulet, Or, for a difference by the name of Taylor. Secondly, Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, be∣tween three Rams heads erased, Argent, Armed, Or, by the name of Ramsey, which Coats thus marshalled belong to Thomas Taylor of Bradley in the County of Southampton, Esq son of Thomas Taylor of Battersey in Surry, son of John Taylor of Rodmorton in the County of Glocester, by the Sister and sole heir of Sir Thomas Ramsey Knight, sometime Lord Mayor of London, which John was descended from Carlisle in Cumber∣land.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, on a Fesse, between six Arrowes Bend-waies, Or, Feathered and Armed, Argent, three Mores heads, proper: this Coat belongs to that Ingenious Gen∣tleman Captain William Wats of London, an eminent Mer∣chant, a great promoter and incourager of Traffick and English Plantations abroad, descended from an ancient Family of this surname in the County of Somerset, and Wilt∣shire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Argent, on a Bend, engrailed, Sable, three Rams heads cabossed, of the Field, Armed, Or, which Coat-Armour belongs to the Family of Lampen now of Padreda, and Lampen in Cornwall, which latter took name from the by-travailing River, and probably gave a surname to this Family, its ancient Lords, from whom in an unbroken chayn of many Generations, it is now part of the possession of John Lampen of Padreda, Esquire: This name may with∣out strayning the sence or letters, seem to have taken its rise from some Colony of the Romans (who left divers sur∣names in this Isle) for Plutarch in his Apothegmes makes mention of an eminent man of this name of Lampen.

I shall here not think it unnecessary to give you an account of the four Innes of Court or Collegia Juris consultorum, being the head or chief of the residue which are called Innes of Chancery, of whose Originall suppression, opulency, and other mat∣ters of moment I refer you to the survey of London, Wevers funerall Monuments, and others, I shall onely give you an account of their Symbols or Arms, and first of the two Temples, of whom briefly thus, It was an house of the Templarii or Knights Templars, and after their suppression their other Lands were conferd on the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem, after called Knights of Rhodes, and this house came to the hands of Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster, on whose attainder it was by the Crown invested on Hugh Le Despencer Earl of Glocester, after to Aymer de Valence Earl of Penbrook. In Edward the thirds time the Students of the Law ob∣tained a long Lease of it for the yearly Rent of ten pound, a third part of this came through many hands to the late Earls of Essex, by the Sister and coheir of the last Earl and possessour, whereof it came to the possession of that worthy Gentleman William Marquesse of Hartford, Lord Beauchampe the instant Proprietor: The Arms of another third part of which House called the Middle Temple, are thus blazond.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, a Crosse, Gules, thereon a holy Lamb, bearing a Banner, proper, which is the Arms of Middle Temple. If I had onely blazoned this Coat thus, The bearing is, on the Crosse of England, a holy Lamb; any man of judgment would have understood the colours sufficiently.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, a Pegasus, the wings ex∣panded, Argent, which is the Coat of the House of the Inner Temple, London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, fifteen Terdemoulins, Or, on a Canton of the se∣cond, a Lyon Rampant, purpure, which is the Coat belong∣ing to the third Inne of Court called Lincolnes Inne, which was anciently, viz. in the time of King Henry the third, the Mansion of Wil. de Haverhall the Kings Treasurer, on whose attainder, from the Crown it came by gift to Ralph Nevill Chancellour of England, and Bishop of Chichester. Afterward it came to Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, from whom it took its denomination, then it was in the possession of Justice Su∣lyard, one of whose posterity Sir William Sulyard in Queen Eli∣zabeths time sold it to the Benchers and Students there for many years before residing. Sir Thomas Lovell was a good Benefactor about Henry the sevenths time, whose Arms stand over the Gate-house: It hath been lately beautified by a stately Chappel, adorn'd with the Arms of the Benefactors.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The fourth Inne (in Juniority) for in Scituation or mag∣nitude it gives place to none of the other, is Grayes Inne, which was sometimes the Ostery or Mansion of the said noble Family.

In the time of King Edward the third, as is confidently averd, Gentlemen Students took a grant of this house from the Lord Gray then Proprietor, which Honourable Society bear for their Coat, Sable, a Griffon Sergeant or Rampant, Or.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

That Honourable City and Metropolis of England beareth for its Coat-Armour in a Field, Argent, Saint Georges Crosse, or the Crosse of England, in the dexter Canton a Dagger, Gules, the Coat was (as is generally believed) borne plain as the Mistress or chief City of England, till Richard the second for the gallant, and eminent Act of Justice done by Sir Willi∣am Walworth (in killing that arch Rebell, Watt Tyler, and dis∣persing his whole Army) conferd the Augmentation of the Dagger, which City hath been the Nursery of many worthy persons, who have been eminent both in Court, Camp, and City, from whence also that late famous Queen Elizabeth sprunge, a City for all manner of Civility comparable, if not exceeding all the Cities in the World.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Bend, Sinister, Ermine and Ermines, a Ly∣on Rampand, Or, Armed and Langued, Gules, and is borne by the worthy Family of the Trevors, the chiefest Ornaments of which are the truly noble for all vertues and piety, Sir Thomas Trevor of Lemington Hastings in the County of War∣wick, Knight and Baronet, onely son of that noble Judge Sir Thomas Trevor, one of the Barons of the Court of Exche∣quer to the late King Charles, and Sir Jo. Trevor of Trevallen in the County of Denby, and Jo. Trevor Esquire, his son and heir apparent, Custos Brevium, of the Court of Common Pleas, and also that worthy Gentleman Arthur Trevor of the Inner Temple, Esquire, and many other persons of much worth and quality, both in England and Ireland.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, two Swans, Argent, between as many Flanches, Ermine, which is the Coat Armour of the ancient Family of Mellish, who for many descents have had their resi∣dence, and been of considerable quality in the City of London, from one of which, viz. John M••••lish Merchant, living 1560. by his son Edward Mellish, are descended John Mellish of Lon∣don, Merchant-Taylor, Robert Mellish of Ragnell in Nottingham∣shire, second Son, and William Mel••ish of Doncaster in York shire, third son, all living 1660 blest in a hopefull issue and faire estates: the said Iohn had also George his second son of Sander∣sted in Surrey, late deceased. This Family derives their rise from the County of Surrey, about Ognersh and Shalford, where they had large estates, and from thence are those also of this name in the Isle of Wight. This Name hath been (as many other) variously written as Mellish Mellis, Mellersh Mellisham, which is so small a distinction as we may rationally gather Sir Peter Mellis Knight, to have been of this Family, who with Dame Anne his wife, and Dame Dunne his Mother ly buried in the Black-Friers at Dunwich in Suffolk, See Wever 721 We find also in Record of that County of Surrey whence this Family is, Petrus de M••l••isham, 7. Hen. 2. 1161. held one Knights fee in Surrey and paid Escuage, ad duas Marcas pro exerci∣tu de Tholosae, scilicet, quando Rex obsedit Tholasam & fuit commune scutagium.

I shall give you a President of a choyce singularity, viz. the Coat-Armour of the Honourable Sir Gervas Clifton, of Clifton in the County of Nottingham, Knight and Baronet, marshalled with his seven wives, which are thus described or blazoned.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears a Baron or Man impaled, or in pale, between his seven Femmes or Wives, four on the dexter side, and three on the sinister, all barwaies, and first in the middle, Sable, se∣my de Cinquefoyles, a Lyon Rampant, Argent, by the name of Clifton: then in the chief dexter, Ruby, a Cheuron be∣tween three Crosses botony, Topaz, being the Coat of the Lady Pènelope Rich, first wife of the said Sir Gervas, Daughter of the right Honourable Robert Earl of Warwick. Secondly, on the same side checky, Topaz and Saphire, a Fesse, Ruby, being the Coat of the Lady Frances Clifford, Daughter of the right Honourable Francis Earl of Cumberland, second wife of the said Sir Gervas. Thirdly, per Pale, Azure and Argent, a Griffon passant, coun∣ter-changed, by the name of Egioke third wife. Fourthly, in the base dexter, Gules, three Cheurons, Argent, by the name of Meek fourth wife. Fifthly, in the chief Sinister, Argent, two Bars, Gules, in chief, a Mullet, Sable, by the name of South, fifth wife. Sixthly, Argent, on a Cheuron, Sable, three Caterfoyles, Or, by the name of Eyre, being sixth wife. Seventhly, Pearl, a Manch, Diamond, which is the Coat of the Lady Alice, Daughter of the right Honourable Henry Hastings Earl of Hu••tington the seventh and present wife of the said Sir Gervas.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Azure, a Bulls head coupee at the neck, Argent, Winged and Armed, Or, which is the Coat of that eminent Citizen Derick Hoast of London, Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Azure, three Dol∣phins Hauriant, Or, being the Coat-Armour of Peter Vandeput of London, Merchant, living 1659. and Giles Vandeput his Brother, lately deceased.

Gules, on a Cheuron, Argent, between three paire of Garbes Saltire-waies, Or, three Tuns, or Barrels, Sable, which is the Coat of the Company of Brewers of London, who were incorporated by the said King Henry the sixth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Argent, a Bend between two Cottizes Engrailed, Sable, a Martlet for the difference of a fourth Brother, which belongeth to John Whitfield of the Middle-Temple, London, Esquire, eldest son of John Whitfield, descended from a fourth house of the Family of Whitfield in Northumberland.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Pale, Baron and Femme, first Gules, a Fesse, Argent, between three Plates, by the name of Minors, impaled, with Or, two Bars, Gules, in Chief, three Torteuxes, by the name of Wake, and is thus borne by Richard Minors of Lon∣don, Merchant, who marryed Elizabeth Daughter of Sir John Wake of Clevedon in the County of So∣merset, Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Pale, Baron and Femme, the fir•• Argent, five Palets, Sable, by the name of Kendrick, secondly, Argent, a Cheuron between three Ravens heads Erased, Sable, by the name of Bradine, and is thus borne by that ingenious honest Gentleman Thomas Kendrick, son of John Kendrick Alderman of London, Lord Mayor 1651.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats impaled, Baron and Femme, the first Argent, on a Bend, Cottized, Sable, three Lozenges, Ermine, by the name of Ryves, secondly, Argent, three Bulls heads cabossed, Sable, Armed, Or, by the name of Walrond, and might be borne by any of the three following Gentlemen.

1. Sir William Ryves Attorny Generall for the Kingdome of Ireland, who marryed Dorothy Daugh∣ter of Sir Richard Waldron or Walrond Knight.

2 Sir Thomas Rives the Kings Advocate married Elizabeth daughter of the said Sir Richard Walrond.

3 Brune Rives Doctor of Divinity and Deane of Chichester married Kathe∣rine Daughter of the same Sir Richard Walrond Knight.

Of this Family is also that worthy Citizen Richard Rives of London Mer∣chant, Deputy of Dowgate Ward, and his brother J••hn Rives Merchant, be∣ing all desce ded from the ancient Family of this sirname at Damerey court near Blandford in the County of Dorcet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Now I shall give you an example of the bearing of a woman not being under Covert Baron, and I can no where finde a more illustrious president then that great and vertuous Lady, Christian, Countesse Dowa∣ger of Devon, Widow of William Cavendish, Baron of Hardwicke, and Earle of Devonshire, deceased, and Moth••r of the Right Honou∣rable William now Earle of Devon: Daugh∣ter of Edward Lord Bruce, and Sister of Tho∣mas Earle of Elgin, which Ladies Arms are thus emblazoned. She beareth as a Widow (viz) in a Lozenge two Coats impaled: First Diamond, three Bucks heads pearle, Atti∣red, Topaz, by the name of Cavendish.

The second Topaz, a Saltier and chiefe, Ruby, by the name of Bruc. I shall for the better illustration of this give you another example or two of Widows, and then treat of Maids.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beareth in a Lozenge per pale, Baron and Femme, the first of two Coats per F••sse, wherefore the former is Ermine, a Flower-de-Lis, and on a chiefe, Sable, a Mullet, Or, by the name of Gaire. The other Ruby, a Cheuron between three Crosses, Boton, To∣paz, a Labell for a difference, by the name of Rich; And on the sinister side pearle, a Ch••veron Diamond, in the dexter point, a Cinquefoyle, Ruby, by the name of Ricard, which said Coats belong to the Right Ho∣nourable the Lady Kensington, onely childe of Andrew Ricard Alderman of London, who was first married to John Gair Esq eldest son of Sir John Gaire Knight, Lord Major, and since his decease to Henry Lo••d Rich of Kensington, Heire apparent to the Earldome of Holland, by whose deplored death she became a second time a Widow.

And in this manner are those bearings to be marshalled, where the wo∣man being a Widow, will make use of both her Husbands Coats.

Some may perhaps object that the Label should have been in cheif, and extended to the sides of the Escocheon; but let them know 'tis a grand er∣rour to draw or paint them so: These Labels as in Prideaux, Barington,

Hellesby, &c. being a charge and part of the Coat, nor is there any reason we should make the eldest brothers difference so large, when we alwayes draw the differences of the younger brothers as small as may be, that of Labels being a very ancient bearing, but these distinctions for brother's a new (though necessary) invention.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beareth two Coats impaled, the first Gules, semy-de-Mullets, Or, three swords barwayes, proper, the middlemost encoun∣tring the other two: A canton per Fesse, Ar∣gent and Vert, thereon, a Lyon of England by the name of Chute. The second Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Flower-De-Lis Sable by the name of Dixwel; Which Coats are borne thus empaled by Elizabeth, daughter of Marke Dixwel of Brome in Barham in Kent, Esquire, late wife, now widow of Edward Chute of Surrenden in Bethersden in the said County, a very hopefull Gentleman, descended from Philip Chute, Captaine of Camber Castle, and Standard bearer to the men of Armes of the Kings band at the siege of Bulloigne, where for his va∣liant service King Henry the 8. gave him the Canton for an augmentation or badge of honour, whose eldest sonne was Father of Sir George Chute of Bristow-Causey in Surry, Knight, Father of George Chute Esquire now there residing, 1659.

Thus much for the bearing of Widows, who may on no pretence what∣soever beare either their paternall Coat or their Husbands Coate simple, or alone; for if in an Escocheon or Shield, then all people take it for the bear∣ing of a man; If in a Lozenge, then is it the bearing proper onely to a Maid, as the following examples will demonstrate.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beares (in a Lozenge as the bearing of a Maiden Lady) two Coats quarterly: First, Gules, two wings conjoyned or impaled Or. by the name of Seymor. The second Or. a Fesse engrailed, Azure, between three Escal∣lops Gules, by the name of Prinne, the third as the second, the fourth as the first.

This is the proper Coat of Frances Seymor, daughter of Francis Lord Seymor of Trow∣bridge, by Frances daughter and Co-heire of Sir Gilbert Prinne Knight. I shall double this example in a Cousin German of this Ladies.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beareth in a Lozenge, two Coats quar∣terly, viz. Hastings and Prin: First Argent, a Manch, Sable, secondly, Or, a Fesse engrailed, Azure, between three Escallops, Gules, the third as the second, the fourth as the first, thus borne by Katharine Hastings, Daughter and Co-heire of Sir George Hastings, brother of Henry Earle of Huntington, and of Seymour Daughter and coheir of Sir Gilbert Prin, Knight. This manner of bearing in Lozenges by unmarryed women, may seem to take its rise or originall from tne Fusill or spindle of Yarne, single women being called spinsters, Nunquam a Lancea transibat ad fusum, sayes Fa∣vine, speaking of Salique Land, it never past from the Launce to the Fusill, Lozenge, or Spindle: But lets find a much more noble and ancient derivation or ground, and this is it; Plutarch tels us in the life of Theseus, that in the City of Megara (in his time) were the Tombes of Stone, wherein their Bodies (speaking of the Amazones) were interred, which were cut in the forme or fashion of a Lozenge, in imitation of their Sheilds, according to the manner of Greece.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Flower de lis, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of divers Ancient and Worshipfull Families in Carnarvanshire, and other Counties in North-Wales, principally by the name of Elis Bodvell, and Bodurda, descended of Coll∣wyn, one of the Princes or Heads of the fifteen Tribes of Gwynedd, Vidz. North-Wales.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fish springing Bend-wayes, Argent, on a chief of the second, a Rose, Gules, be∣tween two Torteauxes, and was borne by Henry Ro∣binson, sometimes Provost of Queens Colledge in Ox∣ford, esteemed a second Founder there, he was after∣wards Bishop of Carlile, a Pious, Reverend, and Learn∣ed man, and much honoured there, being his Native place, where his Grandfather and Grandmother lived there so long in Wedlock, till they did see above three hundred proceed from their Loynes. This is recor∣ded by his Nephew Humphrey Robinson, that the memory of so eminent a person might not be buried in Oblivion.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Marshalling without the Escocheon.
• * 1.2

  Externall or∣naments.
• * 1.3

  Atchievment, what.
• * 1.4

  Heawme and Timbre, what.
• * 1.5

  Restraint of words general.
• * 1.6

  Chassa. conclus. 49. part 1.
• * 1.7

  Justin. Instit. Lib. 1.
• * 1.8

  Order of ex∣ternall Orna∣ments.
• * 1.9

  Zanchius.
• * 1.10

  Cambden. Brit. de Ordinibus Anglica.
• * 1.11

  Esquire, or Gentlemans Helmet.
• * 1.12

  Cambden. in Brit.
• * 1.13

  Judges 9.
• * 1.14

  1 Sam. 17.7.
• * 1.15

  Scutage an∣cient.
• * 1.16

  Signification of the sidelong Helmet.
• * 1.17

  Helmet due to a Knight.
• * 1.18

  1 Reg. 10.11.
• * 1.19

  Sidelong Hel∣met.
• * 1.20

  Subordinate ranks of No∣bility.
• * 1.21

  This Helmet is for Sove∣raigns and free States.
• * 1.22

  Ed. Spenser in his Eglogues.
• * 1.23

  Atchievments born single.
• * 1.24

  Atchievments born manifold.
• * 1.25

  Rules for pla∣cing divers Helmets on one Shield.
• * 1.26

  Rule.
• * 1.27

  Mantle.
• * 1.28

  Sir Geffrey Chaucer.
• * 1.29

  Wolf. Lazius, lib comet. Re∣publ. Rom. 8.
• * 1.30

  Franc. de Ros. Lib. stem. Lo∣tharing. fol. 17.
• * 1.31

  Wolf. Lazius lib. 9.
• * 1.32

  Habits in bla∣zon called doublings.
• * 1.33

  Robes furred with divers colours.
• * 1.34

  Alex ab Alex. lib. 5. Gen. dier. Wolf. Lazius lib. 8. in com∣ment. Rei. Rom. Why called penulae pictae.
• * 1.35

  Cognisance how placed.
• * 1.36

  Whereof cal∣led cristae.
• * 1.37

  Wolfang. Lazi∣us Comment. Reipub. Rom. lib. 9 pag. 35.
• * 1.38

  Variety of crests.
• * 1.39

  The Galatians Trojans, My∣sians, Thra∣cians.
• * 1.40

  Crest upon an Escroll.
• * 1.41

  Rule.
• * 1.42

  Cap of Digni∣tie.
• * 1.43

  Other sorts of Crowns.