A display of heraldrie

Felices essent Artes, si de his solummodo Artifices judicarent.

THis Fourth Section treateth of Coat-Armours formed of things Artificiall, that is, of such things as are wrought by the Wit, Art, and Endeavour of Man, for the Use of Man: whether we consider such Artificials as appertain to the use of Civill Life, as the Ensigns of Dignities, both Temporall and Ecclesiasticall; and of Professions, both Liberall and Mechanicall: or else as they belong to the Life and Actions Military; for Artificials being made for the behoof and severall Uses of Men, they are here proposed according to the severall Actions and Estates of Men.

Scientia non habet inimi um praeter ignorantem.

The Table of the Fourth Section.

Artificials as they are borne in Coat-ar∣mours, are considered according to Mens e∣states and actions.

• Civill in regard of
  • Prehemi∣nence of dignity
    • Tempo∣rall,
      • Supream, as Empe∣rours, Kings, Free States.
        • and their Ensignes are
          • Borne by the persons themselves having such dignity, as Crowns Chapeaus, Robes of Estate, Scepters, Mounds, &c.
          • Borne before them as tokens of such their dignity, as the Sword of Estate, the Lord Chancellors Purse, the great Mace, &c.
        • Subordinate, as Princes, Dukes, Grand-Officers, Magistrates, &c.
          • and their Ensignes are
            • Borne by the persons themselves having such dignity, as Crowns Chapeaus, Robes of Estate, Scepters, Mounds, &c.
            • Borne before them as tokens of such their dignity, as the Sword of Estate, the Lord Chancellors Purse, the great Mace, &c.
      • Ecclesia∣sticall.
        • Antichristian, as Pope, Cardinals, &c.
          • and theirs likewise either
            • Borne or worne by the persons themselves, as the Triple Crown, Cardinals Hat, Pall, Miter, Croysier.
            • Borne before them, as the Cross, Vierge, &c.
        • Christian and A∣postolicall, as Arch-bishops, and Bishops, &c.
          • and theirs likewise either
            • Borne or worne by the persons themselves, as the Triple Crown, Cardinals Hat, Pall, Miter, Croysier.
            • Borne before them, as the Cross, Vierge, &c.
    • Professi∣ons and Arts.
      • Liberall, which are
        • Cardinall or chief facul∣ties, as
          • Theologie for souls,
          • Physick, for our bodies, to which Surgerie also it referred.
          • Law for our Fortunes.
        • Subordinate, as the 7 Sciences,
          • Grammar.
          • Logick.
          • Rhetorick.
          • Geometry.
          • Musick.
          • Arithmetick.
          • Astronomie.
      • Mecha∣nicall.
        • For necessity, and so princi∣pall, as
          • Agriculture, pasture, vine-dressings, &c.
          • Cloathing, Tailery, &c.
          • Armature, Architecture, Carpentry, &c.
          • Navigation.
          • Venation,
            • Hunting.
            • Hawking.
            • Fishing.
        • For delight only, and so less principall
          • Cookery.
          • Embroidering.
          • Painting.
          • Carving.
          • Playing.
            • On Stage.
            • At Cards, Dice.
            • Tables, &c.
  • Military whereof some serve for
    • Order, where∣of some are of
      • Shew, as Banners, Pennons, Guidhims, Penonsels, Standards, &c.
      • Sound, as Drumme, Trumpet, Fife, &c.
    • Execu∣tion of Order.
      • Invasive of which some are
        • Miffile, as great Ordnances with their parts and Appurtenances, Bowes, Arrowes, Darts, Slings, &c.
        • Manuall, as Swords, Spears, Bills, Partizans, Glaives, &c.
      • Defen∣sive, ser∣ving for
        • Man, and are for
          • Defence onely, as Shields, Pavices, Targets, Buck∣lers. &c.
          • Defence and habit, as Casks, Helmets, Gauntlets, Corslets, Curasses, with their parts.
        • Horse, and are ordai∣ned for
          • Defence and Ornament, as the Shafrone, Cranet, Barde, &c.
          • Common use, as Bits, Bridle, Snaffles, Saddle, Stirrops, Horse-shooes, &c.

SECTION IV. CHAP. I.

AS all Naturall things (of which hitherto we have intreated) were made by the powerfull hand of the Almighty and All-wise God for the use of Mankind,* 1.1 so did God also endue Man with an admirable power infused into him, with a Reasonable Soul, whereby every Man might invent wayes and means to help himself, and one Man to help another by the benefit of Arts, for the better use of those things which God and Nature hath pro∣vided. In which respects Art is reputed Naturae Simia, Natures Ape, for imitating those things which Nature her self hath framed, as we see in Painting, Poetry, and the like: but we may go further (since Art goeth further, and adde, that Art is also Natura Obstetrix, Medica, Leno? Natures Midwife,* 1.2 in helping her for the safer and better producing of her fruits, as is Husbandry, &c. Natures Physician, in preserving Natures workes, as Ar∣chitecture, Armature, and Physick it self. Lastly, Art is Natures Pandor, in set∣ting her out to the most tempting and pleasing fashion by inventing those things that tend either to the adorning or delight, so to please the senses and fancies with those things, which in their own Nature without Art, would not be so contentfull. And therefore Aristotle yeeldeth this reason, of the invention of Arts,* 1.3 Quia natura multipliciter est ancilla & multis au∣gustis oppressa, ideo inventa est Ars, ut suppleat defectum Naturae; Nature is much kept under and oppressed like a Handmaid, and therefore Arts were invented, to supply those defects of Nature.

In this place therefore we intend from the works of Nature,* 1.4 to come to the works of Art, so far forth, as they are used in Coat-armour. And here we must be borne with, if we use the word of Art in his largest significati∣on, including all Sciences, and Knowledge, whether Contemplative, or Opera∣tive and Practick whatsoever; for soa 1.5 one hath defined it, Art is the cun∣ning of doing or teaching any thing by certain Rules [or prescript formes:] And thereforeb 1.6 some have thought Arts to be ab Arctando, Quia arctis brevibusque praeceptis concluditur; Because it is comprised in brief and compen∣dious precepts: whereas those who so call it, quia per Artus operatur, for the work of the lims or joynts, they comprehend onely Arts Mechanicall by that name. Some more probably derive it from the Greek word Arete,* 1.7 which signifieth vertue, because the perfect skill or Art of doing any thing, is pro∣perly the vertue of that Action. In handling these Artificials; I wil follow our prescribed Order,* 1.8 and begin with the Ensigns of the Actions of Estate Civill, and first with the Highest and Soveraign, as in example.

* 1.9

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Crown Mitrall, Imperiall, Sol, garnished and enriched with sundry precious Gems, Proper. These Armes do pertain to the City of Toledo in Spain. This sort of Crown was devised to represent a two-fold dignity united in one, viz. Sacrificall and Imperiall (in which respect I have given it this new-coyned form of blazon:) for in ancient times, Empe∣rours and Kings were also Priests, Tanta est Sacerdotalis dignitas, &c. (saith Ch••ssa.) so great is the Priestly dignity, that in the glorious times of the Romans, no man might be Emperour or King, but he was to be also a Priest; and thence are they stiled in Coines, Imperatores, & Pontifices Maximi; whence we may see that the originall was meerly Heathenish of the Popes usurpation of that title, Pontifex Maximus; surely he could find in his heart also to stile him∣self Imperator Maximus; for that high command he challengeth over all Emperours and Kings. And though this be now the Ensigne of the Empire, yet it is rather in possession of the usurping Papacy.

* 1.10

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Mars, A Crown Imperiall, Sol. This is called an Imperiall Crown, in regard of the Imperiall Jurisdiction and Prerogatives, that an absolute King (to whom such a Crown is due) hath within his King∣dome. The high rising of the Diad••m, doth signifie the greatnesse and perfection of such a King, from whom there is no appellation, forasmuch as he acknowledgeth no earthly Superiour, in any thing pertaining to his Roy∣all Jurisdiction, neither oweth he duty, but onely to the King of all Kings; of whom he holdeth by an Immediate right.

The cause that moved the Aegyptians to insert a Crown amongst their sa∣cred or Hierogliphicall letters, may not impertinently be expressed in this place, where we are to handle their divers forms according to the severall dignities and estates, to whom they do appertain: for as Gamesters make but cold sport when there is no mony at stake; so knowledge doth often∣times faint, if it be not seasoned with the Salt of reason. In this Hierogli∣phick we may observe the foure causes of the Law: The efficient cause is understood by the head of the King that is adorned with this Crown. The finall cause is conceived by the Flowers, or by the profitable use of fruit: which how great the same in (likely-hood) will be, may be conjectured by the flowers. The materiall cause may be gathered by the context or inter∣laced form, and workmanship of the Crown, which carryeth a resem∣blance of the people or Subjects. Finally, by the Orbicular form of the Crown is understood Justice, and amongst Mathematicians the Sphericall form is reckoned the perfectest and most noble, Farnes. 3.65.

The Prince is to the people the author of all goodnesse, inasmuch as from him, as from a plentifull Fountain, doth flow a sweet current of plentifull streams of honour, profit and pleasure. In regard whereof he is reputed to be the common parent of all his Subjects, in that he affordeth unto them whatsoever a Naturall parent oweth to his Children. The platting of these flowers in the Crown doth represent the end of the Law, which end hath his determinate period in utility, Farnes. 4.66. for that Tree which bea∣reth no blossomes, for the most part produceth no fruit at all. Ibid.

Crowns in times past have been of great value, and sumptuously en∣riched with precious stones, as we may read, 1 Chro. 20.2. And David took the Crown of their King from off his head, and found it to weigh a Talent of Gold, and there were precious stones in it. And it was set on Davids head.

In these latter ages the Emperour elected (before his Coronation) doth write himself King of the Romans, as a Title of lesse esteem and dignity than is the title of Emperour. But in ancient times the Romans had three de∣grees of supream dignity, that is to say, a King, a Dictator, an Emperour; and of these the dignity of a King was the chiefest, and next thereto, the dignity of a Dictator was holden the worthiest. And after the Dicta∣torship, the estate of an Emperour held the third place as inferiour to both the other. Hereof we have a manifest proof, in that the Senate and people of Rome minding to give unto Octavian the Emperour (being a man well deser∣ving of them) some advancement or increase of honour and dignity, they purposed to make him Dictator, which he (reverently bowing his knee) re∣fused, for that he reputed the same a Dignity more ambitious; and of grea∣ter esteem, and withall more subjected to spite and envy. Esteeming the Title of the Emperour to be popular and of small account, in comparison of the eminency of a Dictatorship. We may easily perceive by this, that Ju∣lius Caesar (that time he was Dictator) did affect to aspire to the dignity of a King; for which cause he was slain, forasmuch as the Citizens could not endure that he should exercise Royall authority over them: but well could they suffer him to use the power of a Dictator as a jurisdiction of lesse esteem. Leonard. Aretini Epistolar. Lib. 5.

There can be but one King, at one time, in a Realme, whose power must be absolute, for the better managing of the estate and affaires thereof; for if there be more, they will crosse and hinder each other in his government, and so destroy the nature of a King, in that neither of them can sway the whole weale-publick, but each of them should admit a participation in go∣vernment. This do both ancient and modern times manifest unto us by examples: for neither Numa, nor Hostilius, nor Ancus Martius, nor any o∣ther of succeeding Kings of the Romans, could endure any fellow or co∣partner in government, the like also may we observe in Kings of modern times; for neither doth England or France admit more than one King, at once to sway the Soveraign state, but one alone hath the sole government: So that it is a thing meerly repugnant to the naturall Royall Jurisdiction, that two persons at one time should exercise Kingly Authority.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, three Crowns in Pale,* 1.11 Sol. Be∣linus King of this our Britany, having conquered France, Almaine, all Italy, and the City of Rome, toge∣ther with all Greece, he returned into this land, and as∣sumed unto himself new Armes (as Ʋpton reporteth) Tres Coronas auratas in campo Azoreo, quia ipse fuerat terna vice in divesis Regnis coronatus,* 1.12 Three Crowns Or, in a Field, Azure, because he was three times Crowned King in sundry Kingdomes. But this kind of Crown is now held proper to such a King as oweth homage or fealty to some other King, as to his Superior Lord: In which re∣spect some have given it the name of a Crown Homager.

It is in your choice whether you will term the foresaid Crowns, Or, or

not; for it sufficeth onely to mention their Forme, because it is proper to them to be made of Gold. But when they are found to be borne in other kind of Metals or Colours, you should in Blazoning make mention whereof they are.

* 1.13

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Scepter Royall in Pale, insigned with an Eye, Sol. This is the second Ensign that is borne by the person himself that hath the exercise of Royall Jurisdiction and authority, This Coat-Armour is of divers Authors vouched to have been anciently borne by Orysius surnamed Jupiter, the just son of Cham, the cursed son of Noah. The Eye betokeneth Providence in government, Oculus enim est custos corpo∣ris; The Eye is the watchman of the body; and the Scepter signifieth Justice.

A Scepter (with many nations) is holden for an especiall ensigne of Roy∣all Jurisdiction, and authority, and the extending thereof a speciall note of the placability and Royall favour of the King. As we may see Hester 15.14. And he held up his golden Scepter, and laid it upon her Neck. That the Scepter betokeneth jurisdiction and authority, it is manifest by that which is written, Baruc. 6.13. One holdeth a Scepter, as if he were a Judge of the Coun∣try, yet can he not slay such as offend him: Which is here spoken of the vani∣ty of the Idols before mentioned in the same Chapter. Now shall you see in Babylon Gods of Silver and of Gold, and of wood, borne upon mens shoulders to cause them to fear.

* 1.14

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sol, a Mound, Saturne, environed with a circle, and insigned with a Crosse Avellane, Mars. Ba∣ra in his book intituled, Les Blazonnes des Armories, setteth down this for the Coat-Armour of one Chawlas. This kind of Crosse is called a Crosse Avellane,* 1.15 for the resemblance it hath of a Philbert Nut, which in La∣tine is called Avellana. This also is one of the Ensigns that representeth the Soveraign Majesty and Juris∣diction of a King. By the roundnesse of the Mound, and insigning thereof with the Crosse, is signified, that the Religion and Faith of Christ ought to be received, and religiously im∣braced throughout his Dominions, which high duty is residing in his own Soveraign power, and not to be derived from any forrain Spirituall Jurisdiction.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sol, a Cap of Maintenance, Mars, tur∣ned up, Ermine. A like Cap did Pope Julius the second send with a Sword to King Henry the eighth. And after him Pope Leo the Tenth gave him the Title, De∣fender of the Faith, for that he had then lately before written a Book against Martin Luther. The Bull by which this Title was given, is now printed by that worthy and famous Antiquary, Master Selden in his Titles of Honour, page 54, 55. of his last Edition. But howsoever the Cap may seem then and thereof to be first called a Cap of maintenance, yet certain it is, that the Kings of England did long before that time declare and professe themselves Defender of the Faith, as by divers of their Charters yet extant may easily appear, and for

an instance thereof, you may read in the Book of the Acts and Monuments that King Richard the second in his commission (which went forth in the sixth Year of his Reign) used these words, Nos zelo fidei Catholicae cujus sumus & esse volumus defensores in omnibus (ut tenemur) moti salubriter & inducti, &c. page 441.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Luna, a Mantle of Estate, Mars, dou∣bled, Ermine, Ouched, Sol, garnished with strings fa∣stened thereunto fretwayes, dependant, and Tasselled of the same. These Armes do pertain to the Town of Brecknock. The Mantle is a Robe of Estate peculiar to Emperours, Monarchs, Kings, and Free estates, and thereof perhaps received his name, as I here under∣stand the same in the strict construction thereof; but taken in the largest signification, it may represent as well those kinds of Mantles (that together with some Dignity or Jurisdiction) Emperours and Kings do communicate unto such as they advance to some Principality, Dukedome, &c.

Hitherto of Honorary Ensignes, that serve for a Declaration of the Royall Majesty or function of an Emperour or King: and are worne by the persons themselves, that do exercise Soveraign Jurisdiction over their Subjects within their Dominions. To which Ensigns I hold it not impertinent to adde these few Attires or Ornaments following, viz. Garters and Tassels, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, three Garters Buckled and Now∣ed, Argent. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the Fa∣mily of the Sydemers. The Garter here demonstrated, hath some resemblance to that which is the proper Ensign of the noble society of the Knights of the most honourable Order of the Garter, instituted by that Famous King Edward the third: every Knight of which Order is bound dayly to wear (except when he is booted for to ride) on his left leg a Blew Garter, richly decked with gold, and precious stones, with a Buckle of gold, having these words upon it, Honi soit qui maly pense: and when he is booted to ride, it sufficeth to weare upon the same leg under his boote, a Blew Riband of silk in signification of the Garter. Of this Hono∣rable Order, divers have already largely written, as worthy Sir William Se∣gar Garter Principall King of Armes, Learned Master Camden, sometimes Clarenceaux; and the before mentioned judicious Linguist Master Selden, with others, and for the hidden mysteries which seem to lurk under his Noble Ensigne of the Garter, and of every circumstance thereof, you may read the Book intituled Catechismus Ordinis Equitum Periscelidis, long finde compiled, but lately printed; wherein the Author among many other ob∣servations of this Order, and of this token or ensign written, that Sicut la larretiere (he meaneth, Periscelis seu fascia poplitaria) tenet densam caligam caligaque tensa format tibiam, & tibia hominem compositum reddit: ita justitia stringit tibiam, id est, conscientiam, quam ad instar tibiae Deus rectam creavit, page, 9, 10. And now I will shew you an example of three of these borne in Coat-armour dimidiated or divided into halves.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, the perclose of three Demy Garters Nowed, Azure, Garnished of the first. This was the Coat-armour of the Family of the Narboons, for I find that Richard Narboon Richmond, Herald, who lived in the time of Edward the sixth, and was afterward by the High and Mighty Prince Thomas Duke of Nor∣folke, Earle Marshall of England, in the beginning of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Crowned and Crea∣ted Ʋlster King of Armes of Ireland, bore this Coat-ar∣mour with a Martlet, Sable, in chief, for a difference of a fourth Brother, and John Narboon Richmond, Herald, who lived in the time of King Henry the eighth, bore the same Coat-armour also, with a diffe∣rence of a Mullet for a third Brother. Though this Garter be dimidiated or severed into two halves, yet doth the most permanent part thereof re∣main, which is that Buckled and Nowed part of the same, which detaineth and restraineth the Garter being entire, or howsoever dimidiated from dissolution, inasmuch as the Buckle and interlacing thereof, and of the pendant, are the chief stay and fastening thereof, whether the same be whole, dimidiated, or howsoever.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Tassels, Or, by the name of Wooler. The Mantle of Estate which even now I shewed you was Garnished (as you may remember) with strings Tasseled, which kind of Tasseling is an ad∣dition to divers other strings or cordons, as those used about the habit of the Prince of Wales at his creati∣on, and of a Knight of the Garter, when he hath the whole habit on, and to the Prelate of the Garter, and others.

Now of those other Honorary Ensigns that are born before an Emperour or King, or Persons that do exercise Soveraign Juris∣diction, as their Vicegerents holding place of Supream dignity under them, in signification of that their dignity which (for brevities sake) I will here onely name, leaving their examples to be hereafter observed. Such are the Sword of Estate, the Canopy of Estate, the Cap of maintenance, the Purse, wherein the great Seal is borne, the great Mace, &c. All which shall follow hereafter in place convenient.

SECT. IV. CHAP. II.

* 1.16HAving in the former Chapter discoursed of things Honorary, repre∣senting Estate or Dignity Temporall: Let us now consider of such Ornaments as bear a representation of Estate or Dignity Ecclesiasticall, according to the distribution thereof, of which sort are these ensuing examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a Papall Insula,* 1.17 Insigned with a Treble Crown and a Crosse Patee, Or, two Labels pendant, Argent. This kind of Insula or Miter, is worne by the Antichristian Prelate of Rome, to signifie the three-fold Jurisdiction that he doth arrogate to himself as Christs Vicar generall in Heaven, in Earth, and in his supposed Purgatory. Guido Duke of Ʋrbin in Italy, who was elected Knight of the most Honourable Order of the Garter,* 1.18 Anno 23. Henry 7. did beare this Coat quartered next to his own. As touching the installa∣tion of this Duke, Sir Gilbert Talbot Knight, Sir Richard Bere Abbat of Gla∣stenbury, and Doctor Robert Sherbourne Dean of Pauls, being sent Ambassa∣dours to Rome unto Pope Julius, did bear the Collar and Habit of this Order unto the Duke;* 1.19 who receiving the same, sent Balthazar Castalio, Knight (a Mantuan borne) to the King, which Balthazar was installed in his room according to the usuall Ordinance.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, three Clouds radiated, Proper, each a∣dorned with a triple Crown, Or, and is the Coat of the Right Worshipfull Company of the Drapers of London, not a little dignified by having Henry Fitz Alwin Knight, Noble by Birth, a Brother of their Company, who was the first Lord Mayor of this City, in which Dignity he continued twenty foure years and a half, he dyed 1212. aged 72.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Ermines, on a Chief, Gules, three Crowns, Or, with Caps thereunto of the first, and is the Coat of the Right Worshipfull Company of Skinners. This Company hath been highly enobled by six Kings, five Queens, one Prince, nine Dukes, two Earles, and one Lord, who have desired to be admitted into the Freedome of this worthy Society.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a Cardinals Hat,* 1.20 with strings pendant and platted in True love, the ends meeting in Base, ••ules, these are the Armes of Sclavonia a Regi∣on in the Sea Hadriaticum, and is commonly called W••ndeshmarke,* 1.21 Pope Innocentius the fourth, ordained that Cardinals should weare red Hats, whereby he would signifie, that those that entred into that Order ought to be prepared to expose themselves even to the shedding of their blood, and hazard of their lives (if need so required) in the defence of the Ecclesiasticall liberty. And this Institution was made (according to Chassa.) at the councel holden at Lyons, 1273. But they have ever since so far digressed from it, as that they have more justly deserved that censure of a learned man, thus:

Semiviros quicunque patres radiante Galero Conspicis, &c.* 1.22

Whoever makes our carnall Cardinals Weeds, Their Hat, and pandant Robe of purple staine; Beleeve me, 'tis no crimson juyce which breedes This sanguine hew, nor costly scarlet graine: But 'tis the guiltlesse blood of martyr'd Saints, Wherein their thirsty vestures they have dy'de; Or else 'tis blushing, which their Weedes depaints, As shaming at the shamelesse beasts they hide.

* 1.23

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Feld is Jupiter, a Staffe in Pale, Sol, and there∣upon a Crosse Patee, Luna, surmounted of a Pall of the last, charged by 4. other like Crosses Fitched, Saturne, edged and fringed as the second. This Coate belong∣eth to the Archiepiscopall See of Canturbury, which hath annexed with it the title of Primate and Metropo∣litan of all England;* 1.24 to whose high place it of right ap∣pertaineth to Crowne and Inaugurate the Soveraigne Monarkes of this Kingdome. This Ornament is cal∣led in Latine Pallium, Quia ex eo pleni••udo dignitatis Archiepiscopatus in gestante, palam fit omnibus. What a Pall is, Chassaneus sheweth in these words, Pallium est quoddam ornamentum admodum Stolae Sacerdotalis cum quibusdam crucibus nigris contextis, quod desertur super alia ornamenta, circundans pectus & humeros, admodum coronae dependens. In ancient time it was (through the intolerable pride and tyrannie of the Roman Bi∣shop) not lawfull for any to take upon him the title of an Arch-Bishop,* 1.25 be∣fore he had received from the Pope this Ornament which we call a Pall, and that was reckoned to be a manifest demonstration of the lawfulness and fulness of his Archiepiscopall Jurisdiction. Besides, he was to take a Corporal oath,* 1.26 to hold faith and obedience to the Church of Rome, at the receiving of this Pall. No man ought to lend his Pall to any other, but contrariwise the same to be buried with the possessor and owner.

* 1.27

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Miter with two Labels pendant, Argent, garnished, Or. This Coat standeth in S. Thomas Church in Nantwich, otherwise called Wich Mulbanke. Amongst the sundry ornaments ordained for the illu∣stration of the Bishops dignity, Polydore Virgil recko∣neth the Miter for one, and affirmeth the same to have been received from the Hebrewes. And as touching the forked shape thereof,* 1.28 he writeth in this manner, Adduntur bina cornua, quoniam Moses acceptis tabulis, qui∣bus Mandata Dei inscripta erant, visus est suis cornu••us.

* 1.29

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, on a Lyon Rampand, Argent, a Bi∣shops Croysier in Bend sinister, Or, borne by Odo Bishop of Bayon, halfe brother to William Conqueror, by whom he was created Earle of Kent. This Staffe (accor∣ding to Polydore Virgil) was given to Bishops to cha∣stise the vices of the people: and it is called Baculus pa∣storalis, as given to them in respect of their Pastorall Charge, and superintendency over their flock, as well for feeding them with wholesome Doctrine, and for defending them from the violent incursions of the Wo f, wherein they do imitate the good and watchfull Shepherd, of whose

Crook this Croysier hath a resemblance. Besides these Ornaments, the same Author speaketh of a Ring given to a Bishop, in signification of the conjun∣ction or marriage of Christ with his Church, whereof the Ring is a pledge: and of his Gloves, that betokened cleannesse of hands, free from all conta∣gious corruption: and lastly, his Sandals, that betokened his industrious vigilancy over his Flock: all which are said to have been instituted by the Decrees of Pope Clement.

In Blazon here you shall not say, debruised or oppressed, both in respect the Croysier extendeth not to the extremities of the Escocheon, as also in respect of the slender substance thereof, whereby it may be intended, the Lyon may easily free himself thereof, if it were extended throughout to the Corners of the Escocheon. Howsoever most true it is, that those who are advanced to the calling represented by the Croysier, ought to be like Lyons, both for courage and vigilancy, in execution of that great authority and jurisdiction, wherewith Christ and his Church have honoured them, for the repressing of obstinate offenders, and preservation of the Churches Peace and Discipline.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Vert, between six crosse croslets fitched, Gules, three Croysiers, Or, by the name of Weare, of Weare Gifford in Com. Devon. And is quartered by Fortescue of Filley. This Coat standeth in a care Church in com. predict.

To this head must be referred all other Ornaments properly pertaining to persons of Ecclesiasticall Dig∣nity or Function. But this is sufficient in this place to shew their use in Coat-Armour.

SECT. IV. CHAP. III.

OF things Artificiall, borne or worne by Persons in Dignity,* 1.30 and re∣presented in Coat-Armours, we have spoken in the two Chapters preceding: In this shall be delivered examples of such Ornaments, or repre∣sentations of Dignity, as are borne before Persons of such Majesty or Digni∣ty, for the more honour of their place and calling.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Sword of Estate in Pale, the point erected, Ruby, Hil••ed and Pomelled, Topaz, the Scabberd enriched with stones of divers kinds, set in Goldsmiths work, Proper.* 1.31 The manner of bearing this Sword varieth according to the severall Estates and Dignities of the persons for whom they are borne. But the same is not borne before the Head-Officers of Burroughs and other Towns Corporate (saith Leigh) comparable to the Orderly bearing thereof within his Majesties Chamber of London, by reason of the want of judgment therein. It is therefore to be observed, that when the Sword is borne before our Soveraign Lord the Kings most excellent Majesty, the Bea∣rer thereof must carry the point thereof direct upright,* 1.32 the blade opposite and near to the middle part of the forehead. And as to the forme of bea∣ring the Sword before inferiour Estates, as a Duke, Marquesse, Earle, &c. I refer the Reader to the Accidence of Armory.

* 1.33

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Mace of Majesty in Bend, Sol. I call this a Mace of Majesty, to distinguish the same from the Mace borne by a common Sergeant, not one∣ly in form, but also in use; forasmuch as this is borne in all solemn assemblies before his Majesty, as also be∣fore his Highnesse Vice-Royes. In like manner the same is borne before the Lords Chancellour, Keeper, and Trea∣surer of England, and the Lords President of Wales, and of the North parts, and the Speaker of the Parliament-House in time of Parliament.

The Bearer hereof is called a Sergeant at Armes: whose office is to attend the Estates and persons aforesaid, for the execution of their commands, for the Arrests of Traitors, the Remove of forcible Entries, and the Apprehension of Malefactors. A man that is under the Arrest of a Sergeant at Armes, is pro∣tected all that time from all other Arrests.

* 1.34

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Purse open, the long strings thereof pendant, Fretted, Nowed, Buttoned, and Tassel∣led, Mars, all hatched, Topaz, embroidered all over with the Soveraign Ensigns of his Majesty, ensigned with a Crown Triumphant, and supported of a Lyon Gardant, and an Ʋnicorne, underneath the same an Es∣crole. This Purse is borne before the Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper, as the peculiar Ensign of his High Magistracy,* 1.35 whose Office is to mitigate the rigour of the common Lawes of the R alme, according to the Rule of Equity, and by apposition of his Majesties great Seal, to ratifie and confirme the Gifts and Grants of Dignities, Offices, Franchises, Priviledges, and Immunities, Estates in Fee, for tearm of life, or for years, granted by his Majesty: as also to correct: and reform whatsoever seemeth to him (in any of those Grants) either prejudiciall to his Majesty, his Royall Dignity, Ho∣n ur, or Profit, before he do confirm the same under the Great Seal. He is (according to Chassaneus) the Kings Vicar,* 1.36 for that (in his Majesties stead) he ordaineth Provinciall Governours, nominateth Judges without election by V••ices, and appointeth other officers of inferiour place and service. He hath his name 'a cancellando, of cancelling things amisse, and rectifying of them by the rules of Equity and a good conscience. Of whose dignity Policratus hath this Tetrast••ib.

Hic est qui Leges Regni cancellat iniquas, Et mandata pii Principis aequa facit. Siquid obest populis aut legibus est inimicum, Quicquid obest, per ••um desinit esse nocens.

* 1.37Of Ornaments representing dignity borne before Ecclesiasticall persons, the chiefest are the Crosse before exemplified, and the Vierge, which is borne before them in Cathedrall Churches, within their severall Jurisdictions, which I leave to each mans own Observation.

SECT. IV. CHAP. IV.

* 1.38TO these Honorary Ensigns, as well Temporall as Ecclesiasticall worne by the persons dignified, and borne before them in token of honour, it

shall no infringe our order, if I adde such honourable donations and Badges of dignity, as have in former Ages been bestowed by Emperours, Kings, Prin∣ces, and States upon their Favourites, and upon such others as they esteemed worthy, in respect of their merits, to possesse some pledges of their favour, as testimonies of their own worth, in which number are Rings, Chains, Collars, Chaplets, and such like. That these in former Ages were bestowed upon persons advanced to honour, appeareth by many evident testimo∣nies, both of sacred and prophane Historie. Pharaoh minding to advance Joseph (for that he found by experience that God had bestowed upon him gifts worthy to be highly honoured) put upon his Finger a Ring, and about his Neck a Chain of Gold; Detrahens Pharaoh (saith Moses) annulum suum è manu sua, induit illum in manum Josephi, jussitque illum induere vestes xylinas, & apposuit torquem au••eum collo ejus, &c. And as touching Collars of Gold,* 1.39 they were bestowed for Rewards upon such as were of the Bloud Royall of Kings, or such as were near of Alliance unto them; as appeareth in the first Book of Maccabees: Fuitque ut audivit Alexander Rex sermones istos, ut ampliore honore Jonathanem afficeret, mittens ei auream fibulam, ut mos est dari cognatis Regum, &c. Of these last mentioned Ornaments, Rings are most usually borne in Coat-Armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Gem Rings,* 1.40 Or, enriched with Turkesses, Proper. The Romans having lost three great Battels to Hannibal, one at Ticinum, ano∣ther at Trebeia, and the third at Thrasimene, Mago his brother went to Carthage to make report of his happy Victories to his Country-men there: and for approbation thereof, he powred forth before the Se∣nate (as some report) above a Bushell full, and as o∣thers write, above three Bushels and a half full of Rings,* 1.41 which had been taken from the Roman Knights. And though custome and time hath made the Ring a common orna∣ment for every Mechanick hand, yet of right none should use them but such as either Bloud, Wars, Learning, or Office and Dignity had made capable thereof.

The Lacedemonians waging battell against the Messeni, a people of Pe∣loponnesus in Greece, to the end their people that deceased in the Wars, should have funerall rights, and not be exposed (unburied) to all casual∣ties they had certain Rings about their Armes, wherein their names were engraven.

When Gideon purposed to make an Ephod to signifie his thankfulnesse unto God for his victories against the Midianites, he required of the Isra∣elites, that every man would give him the eare-Ring of his prey, whereto they willingly consented; the value whereof amounted to the weight of one thousand and seven hundred shekels of Gold, besides Collars & Jew∣els, and purple raiment that was on the Kings of Midian. And besides the chains that were about the Camels necks, Judges 8.24, &c..

The Ring is a Type or representation of fidelity, as appeareth in the sa∣cred writs of the Aegyptians, for the ancients did not weare Rings on their fingers, so much for ornament or ostentation, as for use of Sealing, in re∣gard that the Seale gave a better approbation than the writing did, con∣cerning the validity and verity of the charter: therefore in after-ages men used to fortifie their last Wils and Testaments with seven Manuall Seales, or

Rings Manuall of witnesses called thereto, to signifie the verity, and vali∣dity thereof. Hereof came that saying of Cicero, ad Quintum fratrem, An∣nulus tuus non minister alienae voluntatis, sed testis tuae.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Bend, Gules, Cottized, Ar∣gent, a Rose, between two Annulets of the Field. This is the Coat of the Right Honourable Edward Conway, Baron of Ragley in Warwick-shire, Viscount Conway of Conway Castle in Carnarvanshire, and of Kilultagh in Ireland, son of Edward Viscount Conway, son of another Edward Viscount Conway.

* 1.42

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, six Annulets, three, two and one, Or, by the name of Vypount. This Coat is quartered by the right honourable the Earle of Cumberland. These are called Annulets, in respect of their small quantity, wherein they differ from the bigger sort, and do thereupon receive the name of diminution, and are supposed to be the Rings of Maile, which (ac∣cording to Leigh) was an Armour of Desence long be∣fore the hard temper of Steele,* 1.43 and was devised by Missius Massinus, and then called an Habergion, for the nimblenesse thereof: some others take these to be diminutives of the for∣mer Rings. And so from Examples of Artificials representing Dignities, I proceed to Artificials annexed to Professions or Arts of all sorts.

SECT. IV. CHAP. V.

WE now come to Coat-armours betokening or borrowed from the Arts Liberall: which (according to Joh. de Tur. Cremat.) are so de∣nominated for three respects: First, Quia liberam mentem requirunt, to put a difference between them, and those Mechanicall Sciences, wherein Arti∣ficers do more exercise their limbs, than their minds. Secondly, they are called liberall in regard they are attained without any impeachment of credit, or cawterize of conscience. Thirdly, for that in times past, only the Children of noble and free born persons were admitted to be instructed and trained up in them. Patricius saith, that Arts Liberall are so termed, Quia liberos homines efficiunt ab omni turpi & sordido questu, &c. Because they make men to be of liberall and ingenious minds, free from base and sordid covetousnesse and sensuall delights, ennobling them with true wisdome (the most noble endowment of mankind) whereby men are as it were linkt un∣to God, and made most like unto him.

And this especially is effected, by that high and Heavenly Art, Theology, a Science not invented by man, but proceeding from the Eternall wisdome of the Almighty, whereunto all other Arts are but Handmaids, in which respect the Professors thereof are by right, and also by common assent of best approved Heralds, to have the precedency of all worldly professions whatsoever, and this Celestiall Science tending to the eternall happinesse of the Soul, is accompanied with two other Faculties of great esteem (though

inferior to the former) which are, Physick, and Law; the one respecting the good of our Body (and therefore worthily to have the next place af∣ter our Souls) the other tending to our outward estates of fortune, which are not to be neglected of the wisest. And these three we call the Cardinall Sciences, because of their great necessity and noble use above the other seven Liberall Sciences.

Man naturally desireth knowledge, but is not able to attain the per∣fection thereof, no, though he be well read in Naturall Histories, in Chro∣nography and Morall Discipline, as may be seen Eccl. 1.13. And I gave my heart to seek, and search out by wisdome, concerning all things that are done un∣der the Heavens: this sore travell hath God given to the son of man, to be exerci∣sed therewith, and all is but vexation of the spirit. For in much wisdome is much grief, and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow, Verse 18. And further, by these, my son, be admonished, of making many bookes there is no end, and much study is a wearinesse of the flesh. Whereby we are given to understand, that wisdome and knowledge are not gotten without great travell of bo∣dy and mind, and when a man hath attained to the highest pitch, yet is his mind never fully satisfied, wherefore we must depend onely upon God, and acknowledge that there is no true felicity in this life. One ex∣ample I will give you which shall comprehend all the Liberall Sciences, joyntly, which is this next following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Book expansed in Fesse,* 1.44 Luna, garnished, having 7 labels with Seals, Sol, and this in∣scription, Sapientia & Felicitate, Saturne, between three Crowns of the third. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the Famous Ʋniversity of Oxford; the bearing whereof appeareth to be very ancient, by that which is ingraven on the top of Saint Samsons Church in Grekelade, in Glocester-shire, where that University in the old Britains time (as is thought) was first planted. The Book it self some have thought to signifie that Book mentioned in the Apocalyps, having seven Seals; but these here are ta∣ken rather to be the seven Liberal Sciences, and the Crowns to be the re∣ward and honour of Learning and Wisdome; and the Triplicity of the Crowns are taken to represent the three Cardinal Professions or Faculties before specified. The Inscription I find to vary according to variety of times: some having Sapientia & Felicitate; Wisdome and Happinesse: others (and that very ancient) Deus illuminatio mea, The Lord is my light: others this, Veri∣tas liberat, bonitas regnat; Tru h frees us, Godlinesse Crowneth us: and others thus, In principio, &c. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God. This one Escocheon may serve for a pattern of all the other Sciences, yet of some of the rest I will give instance.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, ten Billets, foure, three, two and one, Or, by the name of Cawdrey of Bark-shire. This Billet in Armory is taken for a paper folded up in forme of a Letter, for so I understand by the Author of that French Manuscript which I have so often cited in this Edition, where he writeth of Billets and Bil∣l••ttee, I will presently in my Lord chief Justice Heaths Coat-Armour, shew you the very words; in the mean time I for the easier understanding of that

place of the Manuscript, will observe out of Leigh, page 159. the difference between Billets and Billette, which is this: if the number of the Billets borne in one Escocheon be ten or under, then you must in Blazon of such a Coat-Armour say, he beareth such or such a metal or colour, and so many Billets; as in this present Coat-Armour of Cowdrey I have done, but if the number of the Billets, exceed ten, then you may tell the colour or metal of the Field, and then say Billette, as in this next example is more plainly demonstra∣ted.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Billette, Sable, by the name of Belvale. Now I will shew you one other Escocheon of this kind, with the addition of a charge thereunto of another sort: but first give me leave to tell you that this Billette is by some French Heralds Blazoned, Billets sans nombre.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, ten Billets, Or, a Border en∣grailed, Argent, Torteux, and Heurty, this is the Coat of Edward Salter of Rich-Kings in the County of Buckingham, Esquire, Son and Heir of Sir Willi∣am Salter Knight, Cup-bearer to the Queen, son and heir of Sir Edward Salter Knight, Carver in ordinary to King Charles, and Master of the Chancery.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearl, Billette, Ruby, a Cross engrailed, of the second. This is the Paternall Coat-armour of that worthy Judge Sir Robert Heath, Knight, Lord chief Justice of his Majesties Court of common Pleas. And now according to my promise I will shew you out of the late mentioned ancient French Manu∣script, the very words of that Author, concerning the bearing of Billets and Billette in Armory, and their difference and signification;* 1.45 Billettes cu Billette sont ung peu plus lyngues, quea 1.46 carres & sont une mesme chose si non pour difference de nom, les Billes ou Billets se numbernt; & le Billet∣te est sans nombre; and a little after, Et est Billet senefiance de lettres closes qui sont communement plus longues que lers (I think he means larges) & en plu∣surs pais appelles billes, parles quelles len adiouste foy credence & connoissance servantes a corps dome, & senefie que celvi que premier les porta en armes estoit home hault & bien trenchie de membres, a qui lun adionstoit foy creance & con∣noissance en ses parolles, & en sesb 1.47 fais & segret en ses affaires. The Curious Frenchmen I know will much blame the orthography, but I in this as else∣where in the like case, have with all the care I could, followed the very letter of the Author, punctually; although I know well that since the time that this Author wrote, the French have much varied their Orthogra∣phical•• form of writing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Pens,* 1.48 Argent, by the name of Cowpen. This hath affinity with the Art of Grammar, and is therefore here placed. The wis∣dome of a Learned man, cometh by using well his vacant time: and he that ceaseth not from his own matters and labour, may come by wisdome: Eccles. 38.34. In ancient ages, before the invention of Print∣ing, the onely means of preserving good Arts (with∣out which the World had been over-whelmed in Bar∣barisme) was by this silly instrument, The Pen; where∣by greater matters in the World have been atchieved,* 1.49 than ever could be by Sword or great Cannon: and a great Monarch said, that he more feared one blot or dash of a learned Pen, which might wound his fame amongst all Po∣sterity, than the Armies of his most powerfull enemies.

It is a custom with many men that are slow or dull of apprehension, when they set themselves to write of any serious matter, long to deliberate with themselves, how they may best contrive the same, and during all the time of their meditation, to gnaw or bite their Pen, whereupon it seem∣eth the Proverb grew, Demandere Calamum, which may be applyed to them that bestow much time, and take great pains to accomplish that they undertake. Whom shall he teach knowledge, and whom shall he make to under∣stand the things that he heareth? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts, Isaiah 28.9. For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept, line upon line, line upon line, here a little, and there a little, verse 10.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, a Penner and Inkhorne in Fesse,* 1.50 Gules, stringed, Azure. These are the badges whereby Novices and practitiones in Learning are known, and by means whereof many men by long practise and industrious travell do attain to sundry places of Emi∣nency in the Weale-publick, to the great benefit of themselves, and good of their Country, and oftentimes do merit to be highly rewarded by the Soveraign; than which there cannot be a greater Spurre to good endeavours,* 1.51 or more beneficiall for the universall good, for that it returneth with plentifull interest: As a certain Author noteth; saying, Professoribus atque veris bonarum Artium studiosis quicquid tribuitur, &c. Whatsoever is bestowed upon Professors of Arts, and those that are truely studious, that returneth an hundred fold benefit to the Common-wealth; whilst every man performeth the function whereunto he is called: either by preaching the Word of God, or by forming some politick course of government, or by curing of the diseased. Whereas on the contrary part, that which is bestowed upon Counterfeit Professors, Idle Masse-mongers, and Monks, doth turn wholly to common destruction of the generall good. Rightly therefore did Frederick the Emperour bestow double priviledge upon such as imployed their time and travell in the practice of good Arts.* 1.52

* 1.53

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Text Tees, Sable, by the name of Toste. Letters have not had originally any one prescript form of Character, but have in all Ages and Countries varied their form according to the conceit of their first deviser. As Be∣kenhawb noteth, saying, Literae sunt quaedam elementa figuram ad voluntatem instituentis factae, ad notifican∣dum vota hominum absentium, vel tacentium instituta; Letters were instituted to make known the thoughts of men absent or silent.

The comfortable letter amongst those of ancient time was A; which signified absolution or pardon: contrariwise the sad and wofull letter was C; which betokened condemnation or death, the Text letters are ordained for perspicuity that they may easily be discerned afar off. In such was that vision written that was commanded to Habak. to be put in writing, that it might be legible even to h••m that beheld the same running. And the Lord answered me and said, Write the vision, and make it plain upon Tables, that he may run that readeth it, Habak. 2.2.

* 1.54

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Text Esses, Or, by the name of Kekit-More Commendable was the invention of Artemidorus the Phi••osopher, who read Philosophy to Octavian Augustus. For when he saw him easily incli∣ned to anger (to the end he should do nothing rigo∣rously, whereof he should afterwards repent) he did admonish him to rehearse the twenty four Greek Letters, that so his momentany passion (which ac∣cording to Horace is a fury for the time) might by some like intermission of time be delivered, and so vanish away. This letter S as it hath the forme of a Serpent, so doth it resemble their sound and hissing. So much for Grammaticall Esco∣cheons.

* 1.55Of demonstrable examples of Instruments pertaining to the Arts Libe∣rall, the number is not great, unlesse it be of such as do peculiarly per∣tain to the Art of Musick. As touching the rest, either they have no ma∣teriall Instruments at all, for that their attaining and exercise are altoge∣ther in Discipline and Instructions by speech onely, as Grammar, Logick, Rhetorick, &c. Or if they have instruments, they are such as are common with them to other professions, as the Rule and Compasse, &c. whereof the Carpenter and Mason have use as well as the Geometrician. As for Globes, Spheares, Quadrants, and other Astronomicall Instruments, I find them not usuall in Coat-armour, wherefore I let them passe. The Musicall Instruments are of three sorts, whereof some are wind-Instruments, as are the Organs, Shagbuts, Howboyes, Cornets, Flutes, &c.* 1.56 The second sort consisteth in strings, and in the skilfull fingring of them as are Harps, Viols, Rebecks, Virginals, Clari cords, Bandore, Alpharion, Citterne, &c. The third sort consisteth in striking, as the Taber, Timbrell, ordinary Drums, and Kettle Drums, and such others, whereof in another place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, two Organ Pipes in Saltire,* 1.57 between four Crosses Patee, Pearl. This Coat-armour pertained sometimes to the Lord Williams of Tame. As touching the first finding out of Musicall Instru∣ments, it is clear that Jubal the son of Lamech did de∣vise them, as appeareth, Genes. 4. where it is said, Nomen autem fratris ejus Jubal, is fuit author omnium tractantium Cithram & Organov.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Howboies between as ma∣ny crosse Croslets,* 1.58 Or, by the name of Bourden. Albeit the Harpe or Organs are onely named to be the inven∣tion of Jubal, yet we must by them understand him to have been the first deviser of all other Musicall In∣struments. For so doth Tremel••ius observe in his Anno∣tations upon that place before alleadged, saying, His nominibus Synecd chice comprehendit omnia Instrumenta Musica quae digitis ventoque moventur. Of some wind Instruments, as the Fife and Trumpet, we shall speak a∣mong Military Instruments.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, on a Canton,* 1.59 Sable, a Harpe, Ar∣gent, by the name of Fraunces. By the Harpe (saith Pierius) men used in old time to signifie a man of stayed and of a well composed and tempered judg∣ment, because therein are conjoyned divers distinct sounds in note or accent of accord. Which office man seemeth to performe when he doth moderate and reconcile his discording and repugnant affections unto reason:* 1.60 and therefore this Instrument was wor∣thily approved in praying, and praysing of God, and used by the godly King David in his most devout Meditations.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Treble Violents, transposed,* 1.61 Argent, stringed, Sable, by the name of Sweeting. Dio∣genes (who for his taunting and crabbed Quips, did merit the surname of Cynicus) not without cause used to taxe Musicians in this, that they could skilfully tune and accord the strings of their Instruments, but had the affections of their mind disproportionable and far out of frame. Under these will I comprehend all other sorts of stringed Instruments whatsoever. And now I will proceed to Astronomicall examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, on a Bend Sinister, Argent, three of the celestial Signes, viz. Sagittarius, Scorpio, and Libra,* 1.62 of the first. This Coat is said to appertain to the King of Spain, in respect that he found out an unknown climate under which his Indians have their habitation. But in such conquests, it were to be wished that as well Justice Ballance, as Sagittarius his Arrow, or the Scorpions sting were put in pra∣ctise.

* 1.63

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, on a Bend, Azure, three of the Celestiall Signes, viz. Gemini, Taurus, and Aries; Or. This (like as the other last precedent) contai∣neth a fourth part of the Zodiacke, and hath no ow∣ner that may chalenge any property in him, but is formed by imitation of the former, and may (doubt∣lesse) be aswell borne as that, Quia ab esse ad posse bo∣num deducitur argumentum, From that which is, to that which may be, we may well frame a good Ar∣gument: It is borne, therefore it may be borne; but of the contrary you cannot say, it may be, therefore it is. This is another quarter of the Celestiall Zodiacke.

SECT. IV. CHAP. VI.

* 1.64THough great be the difference of dignity and esteeme betwixt the Noble and Liberall Professions (before intreated of) and those other which we call Mechanicall and Illiberall, because those are the objects of divine spirits and understanding mindes, whereas these are for the most part but the imployments of an industrious hand; yet in these also, as there is great use for the necessity of mans life, so is there much reputation for the exquisite varieties of invention. And albeit they are called Illiberal, Quia libere exerceri non possunt, sine corporis viribus, because they cannot be freely practised without bodily labour; yet in another respect they may be more truely called Liberal, than the Liberal Sciences themselves, for that commonly they bestow more wealth on their professors, whiles, as Virtus, so Scientia laudatur & alget. In the first rancke of these Illiberals, reason exacts, that Agriculture should have precedence, it being the chiefe Nource of mans life, and hath in the times of the ancient Romans, been estee∣med an estate not unbefitting their greatest Dictators and Princes: and it was devised and put in practise soon after the Creation, as appeareth in the Text, where it is sayd, Habel Pastor Gregis, K••iin verò Agricola;* 1.65 for here we understand not onely Tillage, but also Pastorage, Vintage, and all kinde of increase of Beasts, or fruits for food; under this name of Husbandry.

After the Deluge God made a covenant with Noah, that from thenceforth he would never destroy mankind by water, as hath beene before touched: but that his first ordinance concerning the fourefold seasons of the yeare should remaine inviolable unto the worlds end; In assurance of this same infallible promise of God we do fit our actions according to the severall seasons; As our Plowing, Seeding, Mucking, and Dunging of our land, in planting, pruning, and such like.

That Tillage and Husbandry was the first of all the Mechanicall Trades (as we now call them) it is manifest Gen. 2.15. Then the Lord God took the man, and put him into the Garden of Eden, that he might dresse it, and keepe it, Wherein, (saith Zanch.) God would moderate the pleasure and delight that he had given to Adam, in some kind of Trade or course of life, and honest exercise. Whereof Tillage is of all other the most ancient and com∣mendable, inasmuch as it was instituted in Paradice, and that in the time of mans innocency before he had transgressed.

There is a great difference between the Husbandry that man was initia∣ted unto before his fall, and after; For after his transgression it was perfor∣med with much labor, pain and sweat, and to supply necessity, such as is the Husbandry now used: for Husbandmen be forced to till the ground, if they will have wherewith to sustain life; Therefore God said, Maledicta terra propter te, &c. Cursed be the Earth for thy sake; In sudore vultus comedes, &c. In the sweat of thy browes shalt thou eat of it all the dayes of thy life, Gen. 3.17. Thornes also and Thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herbe of the field, verse 18. Before Adams fall he was injoyned to till the ground onely to prevent Idlenesse; such as is the Husbandry that Noble∣men are delighted withall, and do performe the same with great content∣ment.

There is a kind of Tillage much differing from this, whereof Petrarch saith, Ager est animus, cultus intentio, semen cura, messis labor, hunc si colas di∣ligenter uberrimum fructum capies: The mind is the field, intention the Tillage, care the seed, labour the harvest, if thou Husband the field diligently, thou shalt receive a plentifull harvest.

Sometime ease and quietnesse becometh restlesse and troublesome, therefore ought we evermore to be in action and exercised in some good Arts or Studies, as often as we find our selves ill affected with sloth and idlenesse which cannot abide it self. Many are the Instruments pertaining to Husbandry, I will make choyce of some of the chiefest, and of most fre∣quent use in Coat-Armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Plough in Fesse,* 1.66 Argent, by the name of Kroge. It was the manner in ancient time, when a City was to be built, to limit out the circuit thereof, by drawing of a furrow with a Plough, as Alex. ab Alex. noteth. So was it in use also, when they intended the final destruction of a City, to plow it up,* 1.67 and to sow salt therein: as we read, that Abimelech having taken the City of Sichem, put the people to the Sword that were therein, destroyed the City, and sowed salt therein; which was done (as Tremellius noteth) in token of perpetuall detestation thereof: but that kind of cir∣cuiting their Cities, was an ominous token of succeeding abundance, and fertility of all things which the Citizens should stand in need of.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine,* 1.68 three Harrowes conjoyned in the Nombrill of the Escocheon, with a wreath, Argent, and as the second, Toothed, Or, by the name of Har∣row, This is an Instrument of Husbandry, ordained for the breaking of Clods, after the Husbandman hath plowed and seeded his land, for the better preparing of the Corn to take root, and preservation thereof from the Fowles. Moreover, it hath been used some∣time by Conquerors, to torture and torment their ene∣mies withall, and to put them to death. So we read, that David did execute the Ammonites his enemies, where it is said, Popu∣lum vero qui in ea erat eductum dissecuit serra, & tribulis ferreis, & securibus; & sic fecit David omnibus Civitatibus Ammonitarum.

* 1.69

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Scithes in Pale, Barre, Ar∣gent, by the name of Kempley. The condition of this kind of men is well set down, Eccl. 38.25 How can he get wisdome, that holdeth the Plow, and he that hath pleasure in the goad, and in driving Oxen, and is occupied in their labours, and talketh but of the breed of Tullocks?

He giveth his mind to make Furrowes, and is diligent to give the Kine fother.

* 1.70

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gales, three Wheeles, Or. This was the Coat-armour of Sir Payne Roet Knight, who had a daughter marryed to the famous English Poet Sir Gef∣ferey Chaucer, I find in Roman Historie, of a Husband-man who was accused before the Magistrate for be∣ing an Inchanter, for that his grounds were fertill, when others were barren: a day being appointed, he promised to bring forth his Inchantments, and then brought forth his Plowes, Carts, Oxen, &c. say∣ing, Haec mea incantamenta, These are my conjurings: meaning that his industrious care made his grounds fertill, which others neglecting, found the punishment of their Idlenesse.

Wheeles are the Instruments whereby Chariots, Wagons, and such like things are carryed both speedily and with great facility: and they are so behoovefull for these uses, as that if any one of them happen to fall off, the whole carriage must either stand still, or at least is forced forward with great difficulty. As we may see, Exod. 14. where God took off the Wheeles of the Chariots of the Aegyptians, that vehemently prosecuted the Israelites, as appeareth, verse 25. And he took off their Chariot Wheeles, and they drove them with much adoe, so that the Aegyptians said, I will flye from the face of Israel, for the Lord fighteth for them against the Aegyptians.

The Wheele is called in Latin Rota, à rotunditate, or else (as some hold) a ruendo quia in declive faciliter ••uit, because it rowleth down suddenly from the steep declining part of the ground.

Other sorts of Wheeles there are, which albeit they are not meet for Husbandry, yet I have held it fit to annex them to these, in respect of their near resemblance, as in these examples may be seen.

* 1.71

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Katha∣rine Wheeles, Argent, by the name of Rudhall. In the primitive age of the Church, even children and young Virgins, for the profession of their faith, did con∣stantly endure most terrible deaths, as did S. Katha∣rine by this kind of Wheele, wherewith all her tender lims were bruised and rent in peeces. Now men will scarce be true Christians, when they may be such, not onely without punishment, but both with qui∣etnesse and commendation also.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Crosse, Gules, in the first Quarter, a Katharine Wheele of the second,* 1.72 which was sometimes borne by Robert de Stone.

Under this Head may we aptly bestow all other Instruments pertaining either to Husbandry, or to the severall Trades of Shepheards, Vinedressers, Bakers, Brewers, Vintners, &c. for that these are all grounded upon Agriculture or Husbandry.

SECT. IV. CHAP. VII.

AGriculture is for meer necessity; clothing is partly for it, and partly for ornament and decency: but had not Man sinned, he had not needed clothing: which were worth the considering by those who are so proud of their apparell.

As touching such Arts or Trades, that we call Handycraft or Mechanicall professions, so called, perhaps of Moecha which signifieth an Harlot or an Adulterous person, for that as an Harlot covnterfeiteth the modest beha∣viour of a modest Matrone, so do Mechanicall Artizans labour to re∣semble the works of Nature, In quantum possunt: These are not perfor∣med so much by wit and invention (like as the Arts Liberall are) as they be by exercise of the Limbs, and labour of the body. And hereof they are thought to be called Arts, ab artubus, which properly do signifie the muscles, sinewes, or other ligaments of the Body; but metaphorically it is often taken for the limbs themselves that are so combined and con∣nected together.

How meanly soever we reckon of these in a Relative comparison to the Arts Liberall, neverthelesse it is clear that these (no lesse than those) do proceed from the immediate gift of God, as doth plainly appear by B••za∣leel and Aholiab, Exod. 35.3) and are no lesse behovefull and necessary for mans use, and for the support of humane traffick and society; as we may see Ecclesiast. 38.31. Where after he had made mention of the care and diligence the Carpenter, Porter and Smith, and other men of Trade do use in their severall professions, he concludeth thus, All these trust their hands, and every one bestoweth his wisdome in his worke. Without these cannot the Citties be maintained nor inhabited; hereby we see the necessity of these Artificiall or Mechanicall Trades, or professions.

With little reason may any man contemn the Tokens of Instruments, pertaining to Mechanicall Trades or professions, sithence they are express notes of Trades, so very behoovefull for the use of mans life, and their exquisite skil, and knowledge issued out of the plentiful Fountain of Gods abundant Spirit.

In things Artificiall, that manner of translation is reckoned the more worthy from which it is extracted, than that whereunto it is transferred, acording to that saying, Transmutatio in rebus Artificialibus famosius dicitur esse de genere ejus ex quo, quàm ad quod.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Sable, a Cheuron between three Tuns, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of the Worshipfull Com∣pany of Vintners.

* 1.73

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Wooll-Cards, Or, by the name of Cardington. Marcus Varro maketh mention, that within the Chappell of Fortune was kept the very Royall Robe or Mantle of Estate, that Tanaquil the wife of Tarqui••ius Priscus made with her own hands after the manner of Water-Chamlet in wave-work, which Servius Tullius used to weare.

* 1.74

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Fusiles upon Slippers, Gules, by the name of Hobby. These are called Fusiles of the Latine word Fucus, which signifieth a Spindle of Yarne, Marcus Varro reporteth, that in the Temple of Sangus, there continued even till the time that he wrote his Book, the Wooll that the Lady C••ia Cecilia did spin, together with her Distaff and Spindle. As for the Antiquity and necessary use of spinning, we have an undoubted president in the 35. of Exodus, 25, 26. Where it is said, And all the Women that were wise-hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blew and of purple, and of skarlet and fine linnen: And all the Women whose hearts stirred them up in wisdome, spun Goats haire.

* 1.75

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Fusiles upon Slippers trans∣posed, the points downward, Argent. This Coat is quartered by Knowell of Sandford. Closter the son of Arachne, taught first the making of the Spindle for woollen yarne. It was (saith Pliny) a fashion and custome at Rome, that when Maids were to be wed∣ded, there attended upon them one with a Distaffe dressed and trimmed with kembed Wooll, as also a Spindle and Yarne upon it, to put them in mind, that Huswivery and Wivery were to go together. Fusiles (saith Leigh) are never pierced or voided, but are diversely borne, in re∣spect of their locall position or mutation: and the Frenchmen (saith he) take them for Spindles, we take them for Weavers Shuttles, and the Dutch for Mill pecks.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Wharrow Spindles,* 1.76 Sable, by the name of Trefues. This Spindle differeth much from those precedent, in re∣spect of the crook above, and of the Warrow imposed upon the lower part thereof. This sort of Spindle women do use most commonly to spin withall, not at the Turne as the former, but at a Distaffe put under their girdle, so as they oftentimes spin therewith going. The round Ball at the lower end serveth to the fast twisting of the threed, and is called a Whar∣row: and therefore this is called a Wharrow Spindle, where the other are called Slippers, that passe thorough the Yarne as this doth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, between two Habicks in chief, and a Tessell in base, proper. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Company of the Cloath-workers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Weavers Shuttles,* 1.77 Sable, tipped and furnished with Quils of Yarne, the threeds pendant, Or, by the name of Shuttleworth. Weaving was the invention of the Aegyptians, and Arachne was the first Spinner of Flax threed, the Wea∣ver of Linnen and knitter of Nets, as Pliny noteth. But it seemeth that those Arts were at first learned by imi∣tation of Silkewormes, Spiders, and the like, whose subtill works no mortall hand can watch.

Under this Head must be reduced all manner of Tooles and Instruments borne in Coat-armour, and pertaining to the seve∣rall Trades of Weaving, Fulling, Dying, Sheering, &c. As also such as do pertain to the severall mysteries or occupations of Embroiderers, Sempsters, and such others. Amongst Artificers and men of Trade (saith Chassaneus) this is a note of observation, that each one is to be preferred before other according to the dignity of the Stuffe whereon he doth exercise his Trade. Hereto we will annex some examples of Taylory.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Topaz, a Maunch Ruby.* 1.78 This Coat-Armour pertained to the honourable Family of Ha∣stings, sometimes Earles of Pembrook, and is quarte∣red by the right Honourable Henry Gray, now Earle of Kent. Of things of Antiquity (saith Leigh) that are grown out of use, this is one which hath been, and is taken for the Sleeve of a garment. Which may well be; for you may see in old Arras clothes, garments with Sleeves wrought not much unlike to this fashi∣on, but now much altered from the same; for fashi∣on and times do go together. That this is a Sleeve, I will make more ap∣parent by this next example.

* 1.79

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Dexter Arme habited with a Maunch, Ermyne, the hand holding a Flower de Lis, Or. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to William Mohan, alias Sappell, sometime Lord of Dunstore. This word Maunch seemeth to be derived from the Latine word Manica, whic•• signifieth the sleeve of a garment. And the same of some Armorists, is termed Manche mal tailee, Quast manica male talliata, as an ill shapen sleeve.* 1.80 To weare Sleeves unto any sort of Garment, was with some people holden reproachfull, as appeareth in the exposition of the Epistle of S. Hierome ad Eustochium,* 1.81 in these words Objiciebatur quasi delicatum, apud Maronem quod tunicae haberent Manicas. The comming of the hand out in this manner doth shew the same to be a Sleeve. For (if you observe) you may herein discerne the bought of the Arme in the middest, as also the Elbow opposite thereunto, and the widing thereof at the shoulder, as if the same were enlarged with a Gusset under the arme-pit. Also the hanging down of the bag from the Handwrist, doth concur with that form of Sleeve which the women of Galoway in the North part•• of Ireland at this day do use. The same doth the former also expresse, al∣though in a more obscure manner, as if you compare one of them with the other, you may easily perceive.

As touching apparell, we find that though the same be made chiefly to cloath our nakedness, yet shall we find that they were not only ordain∣ed by the invention of Man, but also allowed (and for some speciall end) expresly commanded by God himself to be made and provided, as we•• for glory, as also for ornament and comelinesse, as appeareth, Exod. 2•• Likewise thou shalt embroider the fine linnen coat, and thou shalt make the mitre of fine linnen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needle-work. And for Aarons sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them for glory and for beauty.

Rich Garments and costly Jewels are reckoned ornaments, as appeareth, 2 Sam. 1.24 Ye daughters of Israel weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparell. And they be called Ornaments, because they do illustrate and adorne, or beautifie the person that is garnished with them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between 3 Maun∣ches, Sable, by the name of Maunsell, of which Sir Thomas Mounsell of M••rgan or Morgan in the Coun∣ty of Glamorgan was the third Baronet of England, being so created 22. of May 1611. whose Grand∣son (as I take it) Sir Edward Maunsell now enjoyes the title and estate, there is also another Sir Edward Maunsell Baronet of this Family, also descended from Francis Maunsell of Muddelscombe in the County of Carmarthen, Baronet, so created 14. July 1621.

To this head may be reduced, all sorts of things whatsoever pertaining to the adorning, decking, or trimming of the body, as Combes, Glasses, Head-brushes, Curling-Bedkins, &c. And also Purses, Knives, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Combes,* 1.82 Argent, by the name af Tunstall. The Combe is a neces∣sary instrument for trimming of the Head, and seem∣eth (as touching the forme thereof) to have been devised by imitation of the back-bone of a Fish: and serveth not onely for cleansing the Head from dande∣ruffe and other superfluities; but is of most use with women for shedding and trimming their haire and head-tires, wherein some of them bestow more labor for the adorning of them than their whole bodie is worth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Palmers Scrips, Sable, the Tassels and Buckles, Or. These are the Armes of Sir Henry Palmer of Howlets in the Parish of Beake Burne in the County of Kent, Knight, Controuller of his Majesties Navy Royall, Son of Sir Henry Palmer of the said Place Knight, somtime Admirall of the Narrow Seas, and Controller of the Navy Royall. These Armes, although some part of them allude unto the name, are very ancient, and were inpaled in Ottford Church in Kent before it was burned, where this Knights ancestors had some possessions; with the severall Coats of the Torre••ls, Fitzsimonds and Tirells: And in the Chancell at Snodland in Kent Thomas Palmer that married with the daughter of Eitzsimons, lieth buried, of whom I have read this Epitaph not derogating from the best of versi∣fying in that Age:

Palmers all our Fathers were, I a Palmer lived here And traveld still, till worne wud Age I ended this worlds pilgrimage, On the Blest Ascension Day, In the Cheerfull moneth of May, A thousand with four hundred Seaven, I tooke my Iourney hence to Heaven.

Sir Thomas Palmer of Leigh near Tunbridge in Kent Knight, Grandfather to the Elder Sir Henry Palmer Knight, before recited, was owner of the Mannors of Tottington and Eccles in Aylesford and Boxley adjoyning to Snod∣land aforesaid, which came unto this Family by a match with a daughter of the Lord Poynings: and Katharine Palmer, this S. Thomas Palmers Sister, was married to Jhon Roe of Boxley in Kent Gent. Father of Reginald Roe of Leigh aforesaid, Gentleman, ancestor to Sir Thomas Roe Knight, now living, 1632. whose worthy merit in the discharge of many Embassages, wherein he hath been imployed by this state, deserves to be remembred with an honourable Character.

* 1.83

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, on a Chief, Gules, three Bey∣sants, by the name of Russell (sometime of Durham) in the County of Gloucester. What Beysants are, and of what form, weight and value they were in ancient time, and why they were so named, I have already shewed in my first Section, pag. 30. in the blazon of the bordure of Richard Plantagenet King of the Ro∣mans and Earle of Cornwall; whereto I refer you, for the avoiding of needlesse repetition.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two Bars, Argent, in Chief, three Plates. This is the Coat of that honourable and ancient Family of Hungerfords, sometime Ba∣rons of this Kingdom, till in Henry the fourths dayes, the Heire of Robert Lord Hungerford, Botreux Molins and Moles was marryed to Edward Lord Hastings, and had George first Earle of Huntington.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ermine, on a Fesse, Gules, three Plates. This Coat-armour pertaineth to that worthy Gentleman, John Milward, one of the Captains of the City of London, and first Governour of the Corporation of the Silk-trade. Some Armorists are of opinion that Beisants and Plates in Armory, are Emblems of Justice and equall dealing among men.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This was the Coat-Armour of that Learned Gentleman Sir John Brampston Knight, Lord chief Justice of the Kings Bench, late deceased, and is thus blazoned, Or, on a Fesse, Sable, three Plates.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse Checquie, Argent, and Azure, between three Bezants, by the name of Pits, and is the Coat of—Pits Esquire, who marryed Lady Jane second Daughter of John Earle Rivers, she having been first Widow of the Lord Chandos, and secondly of Sir William Sedley, Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Beysants, each charged with a Crowned King, his Robes, Sable, doubled, Er∣mine, sustaining a covered cup in his right hand, and a Sword in his left, of the second. This Coat pertaineth to John de Lylde the eighteenth Bishop of Ely.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Gules, a demy Virgin, her haire disheveld, Crow∣ned, issuing out, and within an Orle of Clouds, all proper. This is the Coat-armour of the right wor∣shipfull Company of Mercers, being the primer Company of the City of London, as it was most ac∣curately, and lively demonstrated at the inaugu∣ration of the Right Honourable John Dethick, Lord Mayor of the City of London, in the year of our Lord, 1655.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between nine Cloves, Sable. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Com∣pany of the Grocers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, six Plates,* 1.84 3.2. and 1. by the name of Punchardon. These are bullions of Silver, ha∣ving no manner of impression upon them, but are onely prepared ready for the Stamp. In the Blazoning of this, and of the other last precedents, there is no mention made of th••ir colour; because, as the for∣more are evermore Gold, so in like sort, are these al∣wayes Silver.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Topaz, a Cheuron, Saphire, between three Heurts. This is the Coat of Sir John Clepole Knight and Baronet, Clerk of the Haniper, Father of John Clepole Esquire, Master of the Horse, who marryed Elizabeth, second Daughter of Oliver late Lord Protector.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, ten Plates on a Chief, Argent, a Lyon passant of the field, and is the Coat of Sir Orlan∣do, and Sir James Bridgman, sons of that Reverend Prelate John Bridgman, Lord Bishop of Chester, so con∣secrated 1618.

* 1.85

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, on a bend engrailed, Sable, three Plates. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Ancient Family of the Cutts's of Arkesden in the County of Essex, where in the Parish Church remains a Monu∣ment, whereupon these Armes here demonstrated, as the paternall Coat-Armour of this Family, are por∣traied: Neare unto which Tombe lye interred Ri∣chard Cutts Esquire, and his four sons, viz. Richard Cutts Esquire, eldest son, who erected that Monu∣ment, Sir William Cutts Knight, second son (and lately his onely son and heir Richard Cutts, Esquire) Frances third son, and John the fourth son; which Frances marryed Katharine one of the daugh∣ters and coheirs of John Bondivile or Bonvile of Sponton in the County of York, Esquire, who for his Coat-Armour bore Sable, Six Mullets, three, two, and one, Or. Leigh writeth in his Accidens of Armory, pag. 14, 15. That that Coat-Armour whose field consisteth of Argent, and the charge of Sa∣ble (as you see the Coat of Cutts doth) is the most fair kind of Bearing, and with him agree other Armorists: Leigh there sheweth this reason, because Argent or White will be seen in the darkest place, and Sable or Black in the clearest light; And since these two of all other Colours may be discerned farthest off, therefore is the Shield thus borne and charged called the fairest.

* 1.86In respecct we are now come to speake of Stamps and Coines; I hold it not impertinent (by the way) to give some little touch of the Royaltie of Coining. It is therefore to be observed, that the power to Coine money, hath been evermore reckoned to be one of the Prerogatives that in our common Law we doe call Jura Regalia, and pertaineth to the Sovereigne power a∣mongst many regall immunities to that supreme jurisdiction peculiarly belonging, and to none others.

Neverthelesse we read that Monarchicall Kings and Soveraigne States imparted this prerogative or preheminence unto others their inferiours upon speciall acceptable service done, or for whatsoever private respect; as we may see 1 Maccab. 15.6. Where amongst many other preheminences granted by Antiochus the sonne of Demetrius to Simon the high Priest, which had been formerly granted to him by the predecessors of Antiochus, he enableth him to coine money, saying, I give thee leave to coine money of thine own Stampe within thy country.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron, Sable, three Bezants, by the name of Bond of Cornwall a very anci∣ent family, from whence those of London are descen∣ded.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Peny-yard pence, Proper, by the name of Spence: these are so named of the place where they were first coined, which was (as is supposed) in the Castle of Penny-yard near the Mar∣ket Town of Rosse, scituated upon the River of Wye, in the County of Hereford.

To this head must be reduced all other sorts of Bullion or Coine, and whatsoever else pertaineth to Traffick or commerce.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Purse Overte, Gules. This Coat pertaineth to the family of Conradus Wittenber∣gensis Comes, that was first invested by Henry the fourth, Emperour, to whom he gave faithfull ayde in his wars; and did much detest the strife betwixt him, and Rodolph of Swevia, his competitor to the Em∣pire, whom the Pope had nominated Emperour; he much laboured a pacification of the tumults then stirred up in Germany, as Hemingius in his Genealogies noteth.

By this open Purse, we may understand, a man of a charitable disposition, and a franke and liberall Steward of the blessings, which God hath bestow∣ed upon him, for the relief of the needy: Of such an one S. Herome hath this saying, Non memini me legisse mala morte mortuum, qui libenter opera charitatis exercuit; habet enim multos intercessores, & impossibile est multorum preces non exaudiri.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron between three Irish Broges, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Arthure of Ireland:* 1.87 the pulling of a mans Shooe (which in Irish is called a Broge) seemeth to have been a note of reproach, or infamie, as we may ga∣ther by that which Moses hath observed unto us, Deut. 25. where it is shewed, that if a man happen to dye issulesse, then his next kinsman should marry his wife, and raise up to his brother a name amongst the Israelites: which if he refused to do, then upon complaint by her made to the Elders, he was warned before them, if then he refused to marry her, then came the woman to him in the presence of the Elders, and pulled off his Shooe, and did spit in his face, and say, So shall it be done unto the man that will not build up his Brothers house: And his name was called in Israel, The house of him whose Shooe is pulled off.

Though the Shooe be an habit serving for the foot, which is the most infe∣riour part of mans body, yet is it not therefore to be contemned; foras∣much as it is a note of progression, and very behovefull for Travellers: In the Scriptures it is often taken for expedition, as Psal. 60. In Idumeam ex∣tendam calceamentum meum; And proceeding to Idumea, I will cast my Shooe over it.

It was an ancient custom amongst the Israelites (in transferring of pos∣sessions) for him that departed therewith to pluck off his Shooe, and to de∣liver the same to his neighbour, as now it is with us, to passe livery and Seizin of Inheritance by the delivery of a Turffe, and Sprigs taken off the ground, and delivering the same to the purchaser: As appeareth in the book of Ruth, where it is said, Now this was the manner before time in Israel concerning redeeming and changing, for to stablish all things: A man did pluck off his Shooe and gave it to his neighbour, and this was a sure witnesse. By which Ceremony he publickly acknowledged that he had transferred, and put over his whole right unto the purchasor, Ruth. 4.7, 8, 9.

But in after ages, it seemeth the Jewes passed inheritances by Charters, sealed and testified by witnesses (a custom of use with us at this day at the Common Law) as appeareth in the Prophesie of Jeremiah; Men shall buy fields for silver, and make writings and seal them, and take witnesses in the Land of Benjamin, and round about Jerusalem, &c. 3••.44. And again, Jer. 32.25. And thou hast said unto me, O Lord God, buy unto thee a field for silver, and take witnesses. And I bought the field of Hananeel my Ʋncles son, that was in Anathoth, and weighed him the mony; even seventeen Sheckles of silver: and I subscribed the Evidence, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed him the mony in the ballances, &c.

Now sithence, I am casually fallen upon this argument of sealing of Deeds, I hold it not amisse, to give some little touch (by the way) of the first coming in of this custom of Sealing (in this our Nation) which is now of so frequent use amongst us.

First, it is to be observed, that our Ancestors the Saxons, had not the same in use, for they used onely to subscribe their names, commonly ad∣ding the signe of the Crosse: And I need not to prove the same by the testi∣mony of divers witnesses, for this custom continued here in England, un∣till the time that this Realm was conquered by William Duke of Norman∣dy; who together with the state of government (a thing of commom cu∣stom with absolute Conquerours) did alter the before mentioned custom of testification of deeds, into sealing with waxe; whereupon the Norman custom of Sealing of deeds, at length, prevailed amongst us. Insomuch that the before mentioned use of the Saxons, therein was utterly abolished: As witnesseth Ingulphus the Abbot of Crowland, saying, the Normans do change the making of writings, which were wont to be firmed in England with Crosses of gold, and other holy signes, into printing waxe. And they rejected al∣so the manner of English writing: This change was not effected all at once, but took place by degrees, So that first the King onely, and some few of his nobility besides, used to Seal; Afterwards Noblemen for the most part and none others.

At this time also as Joh. Ross. noteth, they used to grave in their Seals their own Pictures, and counterfeits covered with a long Coat over their Armours.

After this Gentlemen of the better sort took up this fashion: And be∣cause

they were not all Warriours, they made seales ingraven with their severall Coats or Shields of Armes for difference sake, as the same Author reporteth.

At length, about the time of King Edward the third, Seales became very common: so as not onely those that beare Armes used to Seal, but other men also fashioned to themselves Signets of their owne devising: Some ta∣king the letters of their owne names, some Flowers, some Knots, and flou∣rishes, and other Beasts and Birds, or some other things, as now we behold dayly in use.

SECT. IV. CHAP. VIII.

HAving exemplified such bearings as are borrowed from the two Arts of nourishing and Cloathing our Bodies; the third place may justly be challenged by that Art, which we call Armature;* 1.88 whereby we are defended from all outward injuries, either of Foes or Weather: for by Armature: we understand not onely those things which appertaine to Military profession, (where of we will speake in it's proper place) but also those defensive Sciences of Masonry and Carpentry and Metall works, which doe concurre to building and other necessary strenghtning for protection of our weak Carcases. For houses are mansions for our Bodies, as our bodies for our Soules; and the weaknesse of the one, must be supplyed by the strength of the other. Escocheons of this kinde are these which ensue, as first, for Masonry and Stone-work

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Pickaxes,* 1.89 Argent by the name of Pigot. This Coat may compare for Autiqu∣ty with any; in respect that it, or some such Instru∣ment, seemeth to have been used by the most Ancient of Mankind, who was appointed to digge and delve in the Garden of Eden. Where we may see, how little cause any (though of Noblest and Ancientest blood) hath to be proud, if he looked unto the Pit whence he first was digged, being the very same from whence the mea∣nest also is derived.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Cheuron between three mil∣pecks, Argent, as many Mulets, Gules, by the name of Mosley of Stafford shire. This is an instrument of great use, by which the bluntnesse of the milstone is amen∣ded; the Mill it selfe, as every one well knoweth, is very usefull in a common-wealth, for with it corn is grownd and made fit for bread, which is the staffe of humane life.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, between three Mallets, Or. this was the Coat of Sis Stephen Some Knight, Mayor of London. A prayse-worthy and no∣ble Citizen; from whom a hopefull progeny are de∣scended.

* 1.90

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Mallets, Gules, by the name of Forte. Touching this and sundry other Instru∣ments, we must observe, that whereas such Instru∣ments are usually made by one Trade, and used by an∣other, (as the Smith maketh the Axe which the Car∣penter doth use,) we thought it fittest to place them under those Arts for whose use they were made (the end and use of each thing being the perfection there∣of) than to refer them to those Arts which forme and make them.* 1.91

* 1.92

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, thee Levels with their Plummets, Or, by the name of Colbrand. This Instrument is the Type of Equity and uprightness in all our Actions, which are to be levelled and rectified by the Rule of Reason and Justice. For the P••ummet ever fals right, howsoever it be held, and what ever betide a Vertuous man, his Actions and Conscience will be uncorrupt and uncon∣troulable.

* 1.93To this head must be reduced all manner of Instruments that do pertain to the severall Trades of Bricklayers, Plaisterers, Pavyers, and such others, whose worke consisteth of Stone, Lime, or Morter. So much may suffice for examples for Masonry. Now we come to Carpentry, as may appear by these next following Escocheons.

* 1.94

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Car∣penters Squares, Sable, by the name of Atlow. Artificers (saith Plutarch) doe use their Squares, their Rules, their Lines, and Levels; they goe by measures and numbers, to the end that in all their workes there should not be any thing found done, either rashly or at adven∣ture: and therefore much more should Men use the like moderation and rules in the performance of those Actions of vertue wherein mans happinesse doth con∣sist; especially those who sit in the Seats of Justice, which in Moses time were wont to be Men Fearing God, and hating cove∣tousnesse, which is the perfect Square which such ought to follow. But Ari∣stotle writeth of a Lesbian Square or Rule, which was made of so flexible a stuffe that it would bend any way the workmen would have it: but most dangerous is the Estate of that Common-wealth, whose Judges worke by such Squares, making the Lawes to bow to their private affections, and sometimes to meane one thing, another time the contrary, as themselves are disposed to incline.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse between three Hatchets,* 1.95 Argent, by the name of Wrey. This Instrument is also much used in Execution for beheading of great of∣fenders. In which sense, Jordanus Ʋrsinus, Viceroy of Sicily, being imprisoned by his own Son, gave for his Imprese, an Axe, and a paire of Fetters, with this Motto, Patientia in adversis; to shew his resolution and patience in so great an indignity. Not many years since, there was a reverend Judge of this Family, with whose function this Coat suted very aptly, forasmuch as he did execute the Office of Chief Justice of Eng∣land.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, three Dolphins naiant in Pale, between two paire of Lucyes Saltier-wayes, proper, crown∣ed, Or, on a Chief, Gules, three couple of Keyes crossed, as the Crowns. This is the Coat-armour of the worshipfull Company of the Fishmongers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a Cheuron Ingrailed, between three Compasses Dilated, Sable. These Armes do per∣tain to the Company of Carpenters.* 1.96

Under this head must be comprehended all sorts of Instruments (whereof there is use in Coat-Armours) pertaining to the severall trades, of Joyners, Milwrights, Cartwrights, Turners, Cowpers, &c.* 1.97 and whatsoever o∣ther Trades, whose use consisteth, and is exerci∣sed in working or framing of ••imber, Wainscot, or a∣ny sort of Wood. And so from Tooles of Masonry and Carpentry borne in Coat-armour, we come to Instruments of Metal-work (the other Species of Armature) whether the same be malleable and wrought by Hammer, or Fu∣sil, and formed by Fire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, on a Cheuron, Gules, between three Gads or pieces of Steele, Azure, as many paire of Shackles or Manicles, Or. This is the Coat-ar∣mour of the worshipfull Company of the Iron-mongers.

* 1.98

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, a Cheuron between three Ham∣mers, Argent, crowned, Or. This Coat-Armour belong∣eth to the Company of Smiths, whose trade of life, as it is most laborious, so is it of most behoofe for the strength both of private mens persons, and of King∣domes: and therefore the Iron Hammer doth well de∣serve the Crowne of Gold on it. Iron it selfe in respect of the use being much more precious and necessary for a Common wealth,* 1.99 than Gold is: which the Enemies of Gods people knew very well, when they would not permit a Smith to live amongst the Israelites, as may be seen, 1 Sam. 13.19. where it is said, Then there was no Smith found throughout all the Land of Israel: for the Philistians sayd, least the Hebrewes make them Swords or Speares. The Hammer and Anvill are two of the chiefest instruments of this Trade, for forging and forming of things malleable for necessary use. Of these doth Ecclesiasticus make mention, Chap. 38. v. 28. where speaking of the laborious travell of the Smith, he saith, ••he Smith abideth by his An∣vill, and doth his diligence to labour the Iron; the vapour of the fire dryeth his flesh, and he must fight with the heat of the fornace: the noyse of the hammer is ever in his ears, and his eyes looke still upon the thing that he maketh: he setteth his minde to make up his work, therefore he watcheth to polish it perfectly.

* 1.100

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Coat-Armour is borne by the name of Clovell and is thus blazoned: The Field Argent, two Cheu∣rons, Sable, each charged with five Nailes, Or. The naile hath had his use in Military Service, as well as Domestick Ʋse: for with this did the prudent Lady Jael end the cruell warre betwixt the Caanites and Israelites, by striking a Naile through the temples of Sisera, who was Generall of King Jabins Host. As to the domesticall use of the Naile, we see that Hous∣holders minding to settle themselves in some house wherein they meane to make them a setled habitation; doe drive Nailes into the Walles, for the more commodious and seemely hanging up and bestowing and orderly placing of things necessary. Whereof Ezra in his prayer to God taketh a similitude, saying, And now for a little space grace hath beene shewed from the Lord our God, to leave us a remnant to escape, and to give us a naile in his holy place, &c. Ezra 9.8.

* 1.101

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse between three paire of Pincers, Gules. This Coat is quartered by the right honourable and worthy Gentleman Sir William Russel, Lord Russel of Thornhaw, lately deceased. Though the Pincers be an instrument peculiar to the Smith that formed the same, yet is the use thereof communicated unto the professors of divers other Trades, as Carpen∣ters, Joyners, Farriers, &c. As touching the first in∣vention of this Instrument, Pliny saith, that Cynira the son of Agrippa devised Pincers, Hammers, Iron Crowes and the Anvill or Stythe.

Next will I speake of such as are formed of Fusible Metals, so called a fundendo, because they are liquid, and powred forth into the mould where∣in they are to be framed: but one example shall serve.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Plummets, Sable, by the name of Jenings. The Plummet may aptly serve for an Hieroglyphick of Pru∣dence, in respect that Mariners by the help of this in∣strument, fastned to some line of many fadomes, do sound the depth of the Seas, when by some tempesti∣ous storm, or other accident, they are forced upon an unknown Coast; that so, if necessity require, they may betake them to their Anchor-hold, or divert their course some other way: whereby we are ad∣monished to sound the depth of our intentions, before we put them in practice, lest we hazard our Fortunes or Lives (through want of fore∣sight) upon the shoales of destruction.

Hitherto I have onely given examples of the Instruments of the said Arts: I will proceed to some examples of the Works and Effects of the same.

SECT. IV. CHAP. IX.

AMongst the sundry Works of the foresaid Artizans, some are fixed and permanent, as Buildings, either prophane, for ordinary use of dwelling; or sacred, as Temples for Gods service: and some others are moveable, as Tents, &c. Examples whereof we will now produce.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tower triple Towred,* 1.102 Sable, chained transverse the Port, Or, by the name of Old-castle. Munster reporteth, that Catiphus Governour of the City Susa, had therein a Towerfull of Gold and Jewels, but for avarice would not disperse his heaped treasures amongst his Souldiers. Afterwards Alan King of the Tartarians surprised this City, and taking Catiphus, shut him up in his Tower, saying unto him; If thou hadst not so greedily walled up thy Treasure, thou hadst saved thy self and this City; now therefore eat and drink, and take thy fill of that thou lovedst so dearly. So died he miserably through the famine in the midst of his excessive Treasures.

Castles and Towers are Strengths and fences fortified most commonly on the tops of hils, or other lofty or well-fenced places by nature, as well for descrying of the Enemy afar off, as for repulsing him upon his approach: whereupon they are called in Latine, Arces, ab arcendo, of keeping the ene∣my aloof, or repulsing or foyling him. And do serve rather for a place of retreat for the timorous to lurke in, than for the valorous to perform any noble feat of Martiall activity in: according to Petrarch, where he saith, Arces scito non receptacula fortium, sed inertium esse latibula. The greatest va∣lour is shewed in aperto Marte, in the Champain field; therefore the most valiant and resolute Generals and Commanders, have evermore reckoned it a chief honour to grapple with the Enemy hand to hand, and do reckon those victories most honourable, that are atchieved with most prodigall effusion of blood, as witnesseth the same Author, saying, Militia nisi largo sanguine magnisque periculis honestetur, non militiae, sed militaris ignaviae no∣men

tenet, non Regum modo judicio, sed vulgi. Castles and Towers have proved many times very pernicious unto such as have reposed trust in their safe∣ty. For there have been many that living out of Castles or Towers, lived securely and free from danger, who afterwards taking stomack to them upon a conceived safety in their strength, became turbulent, and betook them to their holds, and have finally perished in them. And so their ad∣venturous temerity have been there chastised or rather subdued, where it took beginning.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tower triple Towred, Sable, on a Mount, proper. This is the Coat of Sir Richard Chiverton Knight, late Mayor of London, descended from an ancient Family of that surname in Cornwall.

* 1.103

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Lyon Rampand, Argent, a Ca∣stle in the Dexter point, Or. These are the Armes of Sir Francis Castilion, of Benhall Vallence in the County of Berke, Knight, descended of the noble Family of the Count Castilion in Piemont, near unto Mantua.

The Lyon is a magnanimous beast, and of an invin∣cible courage, and is not daunted with any occur∣rent, neither (being laid down) will he be rowsed but at his pleasure, as appeareth, Gen. 49.9. Judah, As a Lyons whelp shalt thou come up from the spoyle my son. He shall lye down and couch as a Lyon, and as a Lyonesse, and who shall stir him? Moreover, of his incomparable strength, and noble courage, a certain Au∣thor saith, Leo fortissimus Bestiarum, ad nullius pavebit occursum: The Lyon the strongest of all beasts, feareth not the encounter of any.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Tower triple Towred, and a Chief, Gules. This is the Coat of Netter of Kent, a Daughter and heir of which Family was marryed to John Nower late of Ashford in Kent, by whom she had issue John Nower Esquire, Justice of Peace, now li∣ving.

* 1.104

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Castle triple Towred, Gules, the Port displayed of the Field, Leaved, Argent. Note, that when the Architecture or Masonry extendeth it self all over the Field, from the one side of the Esco∣cheon to the other, then must it be named a Castle. But if it be thus Turretted and environed by the Field,* 1.105 then must it be blazoned (as above) a Tower triple-towred, or a Tower with so many Turrets. The Gate must be conceived to be transparent, so as the

Field doth manifestly shew it self thorough the same: and all the Port should have Or, if the conceited shadow representing the thicknesse thereof did not extenuate a great part of the same.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tower, Sable, having a Sca∣ling Ladder raised against it in Bend Sinister, Or.* 1.106 This Coat is quartered by Sir Edward Maunsell Knight. The Ladder thus raised against the Tower, may put us in mind to stand carefully upon our Guard, who live in this world as in a Castle continually assailed with our spirituall and corporall enemies, that cease not ever∣more to plot, and put in execution whatsoever ten∣deth to our destruction.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Crosse between foure Frets, Gules, a Tower of the Field, by the name of Bence, of which Family is Alexander Bence of London, Esquire, the Father of two hopefull Gentlemen, J hn and Alexander, and one Daughter Anne, wife of Edward Bridgwood of London, Merchant.

After these Buildings of prophane and vulgar use, we should annex ex∣amples of Buildings Sacred, as Churches, &c. instead whereof, we will con∣tent our selves with these examples following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three single Arches,* 1.107 Argent, their Capitals and Pedestals, Or, by the name of Ar∣ches. These are supposed to be Arches of a Bridge: and Nicolas de Ponte, Duke of Venice, gave a Bridge for his device, beaten with the waves, with this Motto; Aliis inserviendo consumor. Pope Xistius the fourth also gave a Bridge, with this word; Cura rerum publicarum. And it may signifie the cares and patient stability of men in Magistracy, who must endure the assaults, ••aunts, and envy of the discontented vulgar.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Bridge of three Arches in Fesse, Gules, masoned, Sable, The streams transfluent, proper, a fane, Argent, by the name of Trowbridge of Trow∣bridge. This Coat standeth in Kirton Church in the County of Devon: and it seemeth to have been given to the first bearer thereof, as an allusion to this sur∣name Trowbridge, quasi Throwbridge, having respect to the current and fall of the streams that do passe through the Arches, wherein the deviser had an in∣genious conceit in the fitting thereof to his name, yet so as it was not so palpably understood of the vulgar sort:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, Apollo in his glory, with Bow in one hand, and Arrow in the other, bestriding the Serpent Py∣thon, all Or. This is the Coat-Armour of the wor∣shipfull Company of the Apothecaries.

* 1.108

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Pillar, enwrapped with an Ad∣der, Argent, by the name of Myntur. The Adder thus enwrapped about the Pillar, may signifie Prudence conjoyned with Constancy, both which being united in men of high spirits, do greatly avail to the atchie∣ving of noble enterprises. Farnesius making mention of the chief vertues that ought to be in a Prince, set∣teth down two in especiall; whereof the one is Pru∣dence, whereby the Helme of the Weal-publick is go∣verned in time of peace; the other, Fortitude, where∣by the attempts of the enemy are frustrated in time of war.

Pillars the Hieroglyphicks of fortitude and constancy, were erected for di∣vers ends and purposes, sometimes to limit out the bounds of the posses∣sions of people that bordered one upon another; sometimes for memories of vows made: as that which was erected by Jacob at Bethel, Gen. 28 18. Sometimes for Ornament, as those of the Temple, 1 Kings 7.15. Sometimes for Testimonies of Covenants, as that which was erected by Jacob for a memoriall between him and Laban, Gen. 31.44, 45. Sometimes for Monu∣ments to extoll the valour, worth and merits of well-deserving men, as those that were decreed by the Senate and people of Rome to men of spe∣ciall desert and approved vertue. Sometimes they were set up for preser∣vation of names of families from oblivion, of which sort is that mentioned in 2 Sam. 18.18. Now Absolom in his life time had taken and reared up for himself a Pillar which is in the Kings dale: for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the Pillar after his own name, and it is called unto this Day Absaloms Place. To these we will adde one example of a Work moveable, as in this next Excocheon.

* 1.109

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Tents, Argent, by the name of Tenton. Tabernacles or Tents were the chief habitation of our Fathers, in the first Age of the World, as we may see Gen. 12.8. Such kind of habitations did best fit their uses, for the of∣ten removing of their Seats to refresh their cattel with change of pastures, sometimes at hand, and o∣ther-whiles in places remote: which they could not commodiously do, if they had been still commorant in solid and setled buildings. Such is the manner of the Tartarians at this day: they have no Cities, Towns, or Villages to in∣habit, but the open and Champian fields, in Tents after the manner of the ancient Scythians, because they are (in manner) all herdsmen: in the Win∣ter season they plant themselves in the Plains and Valleyes: And in the Sum∣mer they live in Mountainous places, where they may find the rankest and best pasture.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, a Tent Royall between two Parliament Robes, Gules, lined Ermine, on a Chief, Azure, a Lyon Passant, Gardant, Or. This is the honoura∣ble Atchievement of the right worshipfull the Company of Merchant-Taylors of the City of Lon∣don, which Company hath been enobled with eight Kings, eleven Dukes, thirty Earles, and four and forty Lords, who have esteemed themselves much honoured, by being admitted Freemen of this worthy Society.

Of this sort are the Ships and Boats hereafter to be handled, and all o∣ther navigable Vessels, in respect that during the time that men do under∣goe any voyage, they are to them a kind of domesticall habitation. Now proceed we to examples of buildings ordained for sacred use, whereof in these immediately ensuing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Crosse crossed,* 1.110 mounted upon three Grieces, Or. This Coat is quartered by Edward Jones of Lanuaire in the County of Denbigh. The Cross thus mounted upon three Grieces, may put us in mind of the means of our Salvation, even Christ Je∣sus, who in the fulnesse of time, thereto appointed by his Father, suffered the ignominious death of the Crosse for our Redemption; whereby he hath joyned us unto God the Father, and by that his one Oblati∣on, hath purchased us eternall Redemption. The three Grieces or steps whereby we mount up to Christ crucified, are Faith, Hope and Charity, the three chief Theologicall Vertues.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Bels,* 1.111 Argent, by the name of Porter. This sort of Bels that are cast by the hand of a Founder, is not of so great Antiquity as some others hereafter handled; yet their use no lesse ap∣proved, than those: forasmuch as both these and those were ordained for good uses; these to assem∣ble the people together, to heare divine Service, the other to move them (being assembled) to attenti∣on, when the high Priest did exercise his office.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse, Ermine, between three Bels, Argent, by the name of Bell: This was the Coat of Sir Robert Bell Knight, Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer, who dyed of that pes••iferous sicknesse at Oxford 1577. together with the other Judge of Assize, Nich. Barham the Queens Attorny, which Sir Robert by Dorothy, Daughter and sole Heir of Edmund Beaupree of Beaupree-Hall in Norfolke, had issue Sir Edmund Bell, and Sinolphus Bell, Esquire. Mary marryed to Sir Nicholas L' Estrange, Dorothy marryed to Sir Henry Hobart Knight and Baronet, Lord chief Justice: and Frances marryed to Sir Anthony Dering of Pluck∣ley in Kent Knight.

Because we have here spoken of Buildings and Houses, it will not be much amisse to adde hereunto such Escocheons as are derived from Instruments of Houshold-use; such are these ensuing.

* 1.112

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Cushions, Ermine, Buttoned and Tasselled, Or, by the name of Redman. Howsoever these are now taken for Cushions, others are of opini∣on, that they are more truly Pillowes, and given to some Ancestors of this bearer (if Fame be true) for that by occasion of a combate challenged upon him by a Stranger, for the performance whereof the day and place being appointed, this man being more forward than the Challenger, came very early to the place at the day appointed, and by chance fell on sleep in his Tent: the people being assembled, and the houre come, the Trumpets sounded to the battell, whereupon he wakened suddenly, ran furiously upon his Ad∣versary and slew him.

These and such other Ʋtensiles, do serve aswell for Ornament as Necessity: whereas others there are which serve for necessity onely, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fesse Humet, between three Trestles, Argent, by the name of Stratford. More aptly (in my conceit) may this transverse charge be ter∣med a Table, than a Fesse Humet, for so have I seen the same anciently blazoned, and so taken, it is a note of speciall Hospitality and house-keeping, a thing in this age much commended, but little practised.

Now in respect we are in hand to speak of hospitali∣ty, it shall not be amisse to give some little touch by the way, of the bountifull hospitality of Kings in for∣mer ages, whereof I find King Salomon to be the most famous president: for his dayly expenses that I read of, wherein he exceeded all others that preceded or succeeded him, as we may see 1 Kings 4.22. where it is said, And Salomons vitails for one day were 30 measures of fine flowre, and 60 mea∣sures of meale; Ten fat Oxen, and twenty Oxen of the Pastures, and one hundred Sheep, beside Harts, and Robucks, and fallow Deere, and fatted Fowle.

From King Salomons house-keeping, descend we now to the hospitality of the ancient Kings of this Land. I find in an ancient manuscript that King Lud commanded his houshold officers to have in dayly custom, to cover the Tables in the Hall from seven of the clock in the morning, till seven in the evening. His dayly diet was not much in rare and delicate viands; but that he kept it constantly with all good cates as could be gotten, and at the foure great Feasts, he caused Proclamations to be made in all Countries, for all manner of people to come thither.

Moreover the same Author maketh mention of a very memorable and most royall Feast, that Cassibelane made upon his second Triumph over the Roman Emperour, and forasmuch as it is a chief point to be observed of those that shall cite authority for any thing that he writeth or speaketh of, to use the expresse words of his Author which he voucheth, I will there∣fore deliver it, as he himself relateth the same.

Domus Regis Cassibelani standeth for a speciall note, which after his se∣cond triumph upon the Emperour, gave out his Royall commandments to all the Gentiles of Britany, to come with their wives to magnifie his feast: For which he slew forty thousand Kine, & Oxen, one hundred thou∣sand Sheep, thirty thousand Deere, and other wild beasts of the wood, besides the diverse kinds of Pullyne, Conies, wilde Fowle and tame, of

Sea, and Land, with much other purveiance of vitaile with many dis∣guisings, plai••s, minstrelsie and sports.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Trevet, Sable,* 1.113 by the name of Trevet. A Trevet seemeth to be so called of its three feet, or à Tripode, which in Greek signifieth a Stoole of so many feet. Amongst the Heathens, Apollo's Priest was said to give Answers from the Oracle, sitting on such a Stoole, whence he that speaketh Oracles, is said to speak, tanquam ex Tripode.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three flesh pots, Gules,* 1.114 by the name of Mounbowchier. It appeareth by History, that the Ancients were wont to seeth their meat in the hides of beasts, which yet is in use in barbarous Coun∣tries, but Art supplyeth that defect. The Flesh-pots of Aegypt are objected to the fleshly minded Jewes, who were contented to forsake the hope of blessed Canaan, to enjoy again their belly-cheere: and Esaus messe of Pottage, is with many of more esteem than the birth-right and inheritance of the heavenly Canaan.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three paire of Bellowes, Sable,* 1.115 by the name of Scipton. The invention of this Instru∣ment for making of wind, was much more witty, than that conceit of the Poets of Boreas, his keeping of Winds in Bottles. The Author of these (as Strabo witnesseth) was Anacharsis.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Lamps, Sable,* 1.116 a File of three points, Gules, by the name of Lampelaw.

We read of a certain Church dedicated to Venus, wherein was a Lamp that burnt continually and never went out, but still gave light, yet was not main∣tained with any kind of Oyle, or other fatty matter or substance, and this was holden for a speciall miracu∣lous thing; yet might the same be performed by some other naturall means, as with a certain kind of stone that is found in Arcadia, and is called Asphestus, which is said to be of that nature, that being once kindled and set on fire, doth never extinguish or go out, neither is it thereby consumed or wasted, Zan. lib. 4. de potent. daemon. chap. 12. pag. 255.

There are doubtlesse both in herbs and stones admirable virtues (not manifest) whereby strange and unwonted effects may be wrought. There∣fore men being ignorant of the efficacy and forcible vertues of things na∣turall, and apprehending only their effects by sight, do forth with conceive that there is wrought some strange or great miracle, whereas indeed it is nothing lesse, but a matter proceeding meerly from some naturall cause.

Besides these aforesaid, there are sundry other Instruments, of Houshold use, as Mortars, Gridirons, &c. which we leave to observation. And to this may be referred, Candles, torches, &c. The great Turke Solimannus, gave foure Candles for his Device, one burning, the other three extinct; to sig∣nifie that other Religions were nothing light, in respect of his: or that the other parts of the World should lose their beauty, by the brightnesse of his glory.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per cheuron, Embateled, Or, and Gules, three Roses counterchanged, slipped, proper, on a chiefe of the second, three Houre-glasses of the first. This Coate pertained to Doctor White sometimes Bishop of Winchester. Albeit the Sunne is the governour and moderator of time, yet because we cannot aptly ex∣presse the same to the view, I have made choice of this Coate to manifest the same thereby, in respect of the Houre-Glasses placed on the chiefe thereof: for as the sun is the measure of time, so is the time also the measurer, not onely of publike, but also of private affaires. For who is he that hath any businesse to performe that desireth not to know how he proceedeth therein, and whether he be before hand with time, or that he be belated. And for this end were Dials, Clocks, Watches and Hour-glasses devised.

Endlesse is the swift passage of time, which we shall better discerne if we looke backwards to the times that have already overslipped us.

The best meanes we can devise to bridle time is to be evermore well exercised in some honest vertuous and laudable worke, so shall it not es∣cape us fruitlessely; acording to that saying of Petrarch, Virtute & indu∣stria, bonarumque artium studijs fraenari possunt tempora, non quia fugiant, sed ne pereant. So shall we be sure to carry a hand over time, and not time over us: so shall we if not clippe his wings that he glide not from us, yet shall we so attach him, that he shall not so passe us, but that we shall make some good use of him, that he passe us not unprofitably.

Time slippeth from us suddenly, and outstrippeth us, which onely we ought greedily to seize upon, and in no case barter or exchange the same for any costly price or reward, let us (though late, yet not too late) begin to love and hold time in estimation, which onely a man may lawfully and honestly covet. Let us bethink our selves of the shortnesse of our time, and our own frailty, and endeavour our selves to make good use thereof: and let us not then (as Seneca admonisheth us) begin to live when life be∣gins to leave us.

To this place, are Clocks, Watches, and such like Instruments (represen∣ting the swift incessant motion of time) to be referred, wherein we may observe that every wheele therein, is moved by some other of more swift motion than it selfe hath; whereby is verified this saying, Quilibet motus mensuratur per velociorem motum seipso.

SECT. IV. CHAP. X.

* 1.117NExt to Armature with the appendices thereof, succeedeth Navigati∣on, whereunto pertain all sorts of Ships and Boats, with their severall

parts, their Huls, Stem, Sterne, Masts, Tops, Tacklings, Sailes, Oares, Cables, Anchors, &c. Whereof divers are borne in Coat-armour, as shall by these next examples partly appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three peeces of Masts Couped,* 1.118 with their tops, Argent, by the name of Cromer. The invention of the Mast, as also of the Crosse peece where∣unto the Saile is fastned, and is thereof called the Sail-yard, came (saith Polydor) from Daedalu••, that ex∣cellent Engineer of Athens, who is famous for making the Artificiall Cow, wherein Pasiphae (that Monster of Mankind) did put her self, and so enjoyed her lust and bestiall desires with a Bull, with whom she was in love.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Sailes, Argent,* 1.119 by the name of Cavell, alias Locavell. Pliny ascribeth the in∣vention of Sails to Icarus the son of Daedalus, who for this device, is said (by Poets) to have flowne with Artificiall wings. In a naturall conflict (saith Alex. ab Alex.) to strike Saile or take down the Flag at the command of another, is a token of yeilding or sub∣mission, which is yet observed by men of Naval profession. There are three things (saith one) which excell all other for beautifull shew; a goodly man at Armes bravely mounted on a Warlike Steed; a Woman of faire and goodly feature, bearing a great belly; and a goodly Ship in her ruffe, and under full Saile.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse in chief, three Anchors, Or, by the name of Terne. This Coat is borne by Chri∣stopher Terne Doctor in Physick, Fellow of the Col∣ledge of Physicians in London, Physician to Saint Bar∣tholomew Hospitall, and Reader of Anatomy to the Company of Barber-Chirurgions, London.

He is second son to Nathaniel Terne of much Wen∣lock in the County of Salop, lately deceased, and of Sarah Daughter and Coheir to Edmund Hill, of the Court of Hill in Tenbury, in the same County, by whom he had also issue William eldest son, Henry third son, & Nathaniel deceased.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, an Anchor in Pale, Argent,* 1.120 the Timber or Crosse-peece thereof, Or, by the name of Good∣reed. Anacharsis (saith Pliny) made Anchors first with two Hooks. The Anchor signifieth succour in extre∣mities: and therefore the Author of the Epistle to the Hebrewes, resembleth Hope to the Anchor, where it is said, Ʋt spem propositam teneamus, quam velut animae anchoram habemus tutam & firmam; Because Hope doth establish and confirme our faith against all the tem∣pestious Gusts of adverse occurrents, Cosmus Medices, Duke of Hetruria gave two Anchors for his impresse, with this word, DUABUS, meaning, it was good to have two holds to trust to. But Richard the first, King of England, gave a Sun on two Anchors, with this Motto, CHRISTO DUCE: a worthy and Princely choice of so heavenly a Pilot.

* 1.121

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Ruther or Helme of a Ship, Ar∣gent. By the help of this Helme doth the Pilot wield the Ship at will, through the most violent Seas. Some men are of opinion that the first invention of the H••lme of a Ship was taken from the observation of a Kite flying, or rather gliding in the Aire, that by tur∣ning of his tayle one while one way, another while another way, doth guide his course in the Aire, wher∣by it seemeth that nature would manifest in the clear Aire, what was behovefull to be practised in the deep waters. So necessary is the use of this Instrument, as that without it no shipping can be directed in a certain course, but would be evermore in perill of splitting upon shoales and Rocks, through the forcible cur∣rent and surging waves of the Sea, and the violence of the boysterous winds, notwithstanding the might of the skilfull Pilots or Marriners to their great hazard and astonishment. As we may see Psal. 107.25, 26, &c. For at his word the stormy wind ariseth, which lifeth up the waves thereof. They are carryed up to Heaven, and down again to the deep, their soul melteth a∣way because of the trouble. They re••le to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits ends. Other parts of Ships have been borne both in Coat-armour and Impreses: Horatius Gonsaga gave the Prow of a Ship tyed to a Plow-wheele, with a Laurell over it, signifying his quiet Country life, af∣ter his Naval-life. And Cardinall Raphael Riarius, affecting the Papacy, gave an Oare on the Globe of the Earth, with this word, HOC OPUS; shewing what a Pilot he would be, if he had the command.

* 1.122

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Lighter Boat in Fesse, Gules. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the family de Wolfo of Swev∣land. Like to this was borne in Devise by the Prince, Jam Bentivolious, who opened his meaning with this Word, ME VIDEO IN MARI SINE GUBERNATORE: I find my self in the Sea without a Pilot. Such is the condition of a Common∣wealth without a Ruler, or a man without Reason, tossed with every wave of affection. But in these tossings of Fortunes waves, wise was the resolution of Vicount Hugo de Melan, whose Device was a Ship without any Tackling to stay it, with this word, IN SILENTIO ET SPE FORTI∣TUDO MEA, My strength is in Silence, Patience and Hope.

* 1.123

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Mars, the Hull of a Ship, having onely a Maine Mast, and a Top without any Tackling, Sol. This is the Coat-armour of the high and mighty Prince Duke Albertus de Alasco of Polonia, who did bear the same also for his Crest, with this Motto, DEUS DABIT VELA: God will give Sailes; shew∣ing that heavenly guidance is that whereby worldly affaires are governed, and that we must not altoge∣ther rely on humane help.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Ship with three Masts, a Saile,* 1.124 trussed up, and hoisted to the top of the Main Yard, shrouded, Sable, by the name of Meeres. Andreas Do∣reo, Admirall of Spain, gave for his Imprese, a Ship un∣der full Sail, with this heavenly Motto, OMNIA FORTUNAE COMMITTO, I commit all to Fortune: but another of that Name (Admirall to Charles the fifth) gave the same Device with a much more Christianlike word, NON DORMIT QUI CUSTODIT; he that is keeper, is no sleeper.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Galley passing under full sail,* 1.125 Or. This is a Coat of Spanish bearing, which Nation much useth this kind of Vessell on the Mediterranean and calmer Seas, the Rowers therein being so many captived Slaves, chained fast to their seat, lest they should rebell against the ministers of their oppres∣sion. The first Ship we read of was made by Noah, for the preservation of increase of all living creatures in the time of the generall Floud: but Jason first made the Galley, which Sesostris King of Aegypt used after him.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XI.

THE last of the aforesaid Arts we reckoned to be Venation, which Plato divideth into three Species, Hunting, Hawking and Fishing; all which because they tend to the providing of sustenance for man, Farnesi∣us doth therefore account a Species of Agriculture. The dangerous chases of the Bear, the wild Boare, Bull, &c. whether the same be performed on horse-back or on foot, hath a resemblance of Military practise: for it ma∣keth a man provident in assaulting, as also valorous in sustaining the brunt of the enemy: it maketh them politick for choice of places of ad∣vantage, and enableth them to tolerate hunger, thirst, labour, stormes, tempests, &c. all which are most requisite for such as do professe a mili∣tary course of life. What valorous commanders those men have proved, that have been trained up in the Art of Hunting, when they have come to the administration and managing of Martiall Affaires, the Persians can suf∣ficiently witnesse unto us; who had no better means to become expert Souldiers, than their dayly exercise of Hunting: As also the History of Mithridates, King of Pontus, who was so much transported with the love of Hunting as that (according to Farnesius) by the space of seven years he took not the benefit of any house, either in City or Country to lye in: by means whereof, he so enabled and enured his body to sustain all hard∣nesse, that afterward he became a scourge and terrour to the Romans. And therefore this noble kind of Venation is priviledged from the title of an Illiberal Art, being a Princely and Generous Exercise:* 1.126 but those onely who use it for a trade of life, to make gain thereof, are to be marshalled in the rank of Mechanicks and Illiberal Artizans.

As touching the number of examples of things pertaining to this noble exercise of Hunting, proposed for the first Species of Venation, I purpose to

be very brief, not in respect of their scarcity, but because of the manifold imployments of the workman for the present, that he is not able to fur∣nish me with more. And having ended with them, I will proceed, accor∣ding to order, with the other two Species of Venation, viz. Hawking and Fishing.

* 1.127

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Bugle or Hunters Horne garni∣shed and furnished, Argent. This Coat-armour is of ve∣ry ancient erection in the Church of Rewardine with∣in the Forrest of Deane in Glocester-shire, and pertained to the Family of Hatheway of the same place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, three Bugle Hornes stringed, Or, garnished, Azure. This is the Paternall Coat-armour of John Thruston of Hoxon or Hoxne in the County of Suf∣folke, Esquire. This colour Sable is resembled to the precious stone called Diamond, which signifieth in Armory durablenesse, and the charge of this Escocheon being of the metall Or, is oftentimes in Blazon descri∣bed by the Topaz stone, the emblem in Heraldry of a sure messenger, as Sir John Ferne noteth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, between two Leo∣pards heads in chief, and a Bugle in base, Argent. This is the Coat of Sir Thomas Slingsby of Redhouse in the County of York, Baronet, and Colonel Thomas Slingsby his Uncle, of which Family and Coat-Ar∣mour, as also divers other worthy Gentlemen: This was the Coat of Scriven, whose heir this Fa∣mily marryed, and bore their Coat in the first place, their own ancient Coat being Argent, a Griffon Sergreant, Sable, supprest by a Fesse, Gules.

* 1.128

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron between three Stags heads couped, Sable, as many Bugles stringed of the first. This Coat pertaineth to Sir George Huntley of Frowcester in the County of Glocester, Knight. Other Coats derived from this noble exercise I might pro∣duce, as three Dog-hooks borne by the name of Mer∣tingham, three Leashes or Slips, by the name of Hay∣ward: but these examples may stand instead of the rest. And hitherto are to be referred Toyles, Hayes, Collars for Greyhounds: of which last sort, I find an Escocheon erected in the Church of Newent in the Forrest of Deane, in Field Sable,* 1.129 three Greyhounds Collars, Argent, Edged, Studded, and Tyretted, Or.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Fesse, Azure,* 1.130 three Hawks bels of the first, by the name of Planke. This sort of Bels is of no late invention, but of great antiquity, and in use amongst the Hebrewes, whose High Priest had lit∣tie Bels at the skirts of his uppermost garment, as ap∣peareth, Exod. 28.33. And beneath upon the skirts there∣of thou shalt make Pomegranats of blew silk, and purple, and scarlet, round about the skirts thereof, and bels of gold round about: to shew that the attention and devotion of Gods people must be stirred up by the ministery of this most sacred function.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron, Or,* 1.131 between three Lewres, Argent, by the name of Prenue. This Coat was quartered by Sir Nicolas Arnold Knight, sometimes of Hyneham in the County of Glocester. A like Coat to this, is borne by the name of Lie, and well accordeth with the name, for Fawlkners use to deceive their Hawks with casting up of this, as if it were some Fowle, and so they give them a Lie for a Truth. And these two examples may suffice for the noble Art of Hawking. The next and last is Fishing.

The Skill of Fishing is diversly exercised: viz. sometimes with Nets, sometimes with Hooks, other whiles with Sammon-spears, or Eele-spears, and sometimes with Ginnes, with Puttes, Weeles, &c. all which are found borne in Coat-armour; now first of Nets. These are most usually borne in Armes piece-meal, or in fragments, which are the same (if I be not de∣ceived) which we call in Blazon, Frets, because the Frenchmen call a Net, Retz, and we by intermixture of Language, have added thereunto the letter F. These fragments are sometimes borne single, and other-whiles manifold, as appeareth by these next examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, eight Mascles, Or, 5 and 3, by the name of Preston. The Mascle is taken for the mash of a Net, as I shall presently shew you by good authority: and Nets are in sacred Writ Hieroglyphicks of perswa∣sion, whereby men are induced to vertue and verity, and so may seem after some sort to be caught. Far diverse from this is that sort of Net which is in use with many men in this age, to catch and ensnare men of honest and plain dispositions, entangling them therein, not onely to decay of their bodies, but also to the utter subversion of their estates, for the enriching of themselves and their posterity: of such the Prophet Habakkuk speaketh, chap. 1.15, 16.

There is also borne, Gules, eight Losenges, Argent, 4.3.1. by the name of Preston.

* 1.132

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Mascles, Argent, by Sir George Belgrave, of Bel∣grave in the County of Leicester. These are by some taken to be the same with Losenges. A Mascle in Ar∣mory (saith Sir John Ferne) is a representation of the Mash of a Net, signifying the Bearer thereof in a Field, Gules, to have been most prudent, and politick in the stratagems of Wars, for that the Field is dedicated to Mars. The bearing of Mascles therefore is of grea∣ter honour than many other Charges are, that in vul∣gar estimation are more accounted of. Sometimes these are borne to the number of six, viz. 3. 2. and 1. joyntly, without the interposition of any Ordinary. Otherwhiles they are borne to the number of seven conjunct, as in this next Escocheon.

* 1.133

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, seven Mascles conjunct; viz. 3. 3. and 1. Or. a Canton, Ermine. This Coat-Armour per∣taineth to Henry Ferrers of Badsley in the County of Warwick, Esquire, a man very judicious in matters of honour. Whereas (Leigh saith) that the Mascle ought alwayes to be square, whether the same be void or whole; I hold, that if they be Mashes of a Net, as Sir John Ferne taketh them to be, then can they not in any case be whole, but must be evermore transpa∣rent and void: for if they be solid, they may better be resembled to Quarrels of Glasse, or some other thing of massie and sound substance, wrought every way square like a Die. From which a Losenge is said to differ, in that the same is longer one way than another.

* 1.134

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fret of eight pieces, Azure. This was the Coat-Armour of a noble Norman wel de∣scended, called Seigneur De Montier aullier, as is testi∣fied by an ancient French Manuscript: if in any Coat of this bearing there be found more than eight pieces, (then (saith Leigh) you shall not need to number the pieces, but in the Blazon of such Coat-Armours you shall say, He beareth Frette; one example whereof fol∣loweth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Emerald, Frette, Topaz, a difference for a second Brother of the third house. This Coat-armour pertaineth to George Whitmore, a few years since Lord Mayor of the Honourable City of London, de∣scended of the Family of the Whitmores of Whitmore of Shropshire. The elder Brother of which Sir George was, Sir William Whitmore, Grandfather of Sir Willi∣am Whitmore of Apsley in Shropshire, Baronet. And now I will give you an example of a Fret of eight pieces, each charged in the joynts or middest.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fret of eight pieces, Gules, each charged in the middest with flowers de lis, Or. This Coat pertaineth to Sir Lawrence Hamelden Knight, who was one of those Knights that exer∣cised the Tornament holden at Dunstable, in the se∣cond year of King Edward the second; like as in this Coat you see the Fret charged, and the Field (other∣wise) free from any other charge: so contrariwise you shall find the Frette free, and the Field charged between, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Frettee, Gules, semy de Castles of the second, by the name of Nechur. Now I will shew you examples of the bearing of Frets, which differ from all the former bearings.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Baptist Nowell, Viscount Camden, and is thus blazoned, Topaz, Fretty, Ruby, a Canton, Ermine.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, diamond, a Fret, Topaz. This was the Coat-armour of Henry Lord Maltrevers or Mautrevers (for I find the Orthography both waies) an ancient Ba∣••on of this Kingdome, and is now quartered by the Right Honourable, Thomas Howard, Earle of Arundell and Surrey, Earle Marshall of England. When the Fret consisteth of six pieces, then (saith Sir John Ferne in La∣cies Nobility, pag. 69.) we say a Fret, without saying any more, but in this we differ from the French Heralds, who blaze such a kind of bearing, a Fret of six pieces; and there he noteth further that a Fret cannot be of less than six pieces, you shall also some∣times find a Fret Ingrailed, as in the next Escocheon but one.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Sable, a Fret, Argent, by the name of Harington, a bearing so excellent, that it is general∣ly known by the name of Haringtons Knot, even to the ignorant in Armory.

* 1.135

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fret Engrailed, Ermine, by the name of Eynefort. If this Fret (saith Leigh) be of more peeces than you see here, then it altereth from the same name, and is blazoned Diaper. Of the manifold sorts of Diapering I have formerly given examples, to∣gether with certain observations thereupon, whereun∣to I do refer you for satisfaction therein. These ex∣amples may serve for Nets, to shew their diverse man∣ner of bearing, and to minister occasion to the Rea∣der, to make a more strict observation of such others, as I do here passe over, because I labour to be brief.

* 1.136

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Fishing Hooks, Argent, by the name of Medvile. Not unpro∣perly (saith Pierius) do men signifie by this kind of Hook, fraud and guile, Quia decipere est unum ostenta∣re, & aliud praeter opinionem inferre: for the Fisher-man under a shew of tendring food to the Fish (ha∣ving subtilly covered the hook all over with the baite) doth give him his deadly bane. And of this trade are more in the world, than will acknow∣ledge themselves of the Company of fisher-men or fish-mongers.

* 1.137

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Eele-spears, Argent, by the name of Stratele. These do Fishermen use for the taking of Eeles, which being (for the most part) in the mud, cannot be taken with Net or other Ginne: which gave occasion of the in∣vention of this Instrument, a long staffe being set in the socket thereof, and so to strike into the depth of the mud, and by means of the Barbes of this Instru∣ment, they detain as many as come within the dan∣ger thereof. And therefore this Engine hath a signifi∣cation of such an action of desert, wherein both strength and policy are conjoyned.

* 1.138

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Weeles, their hoops upwards, Vert, by the name of Wylley. And indeed this is like the insnarings and deceits of wily men; for as this mouth is made broad and easie for the Fish to enter, but is narrow within, that they cannot get forth; so crafty Varlets will make fair pretense to draw men into their dangers, out of which they cannot get forth being once in∣tangled. And this kind of trade is much more base and Illiberal, than any of the afore-specified: and with these are to be ranged all those, Quorum lingua venalis est (saith Tully) who sell their tongue, their skill, their conscience, onely to get a Fee of their Clients. And thus much of Arts mechanicall of the first and princi∣pall rank.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XII.

ARTS Mechanicall of more necessary use for the nourishing and preserving of Mans body, we have proposed in the preceding exam∣ples; there yet rest other Arts of a second rank, which tend rather to the embellishing and beautifying of Natures works, than to the necessary supply of humane uses, yea, some of them, such as are rather boites to please the senses, than means to further mans good. Yet because the cu∣stom of times, and opinion of men, and a certain curious and affected skill hath given esteem and name of Art unto such superfluous curiosities, we will not utterly passe them by, the rather, because all of them being used with moderation, by understanding men, and for good ends, they may deservedly have both approbation and commendation. The first of these, is the skill of Cookery, for the exquisite pleasing of the Palate: unto which kind of men, some have been so addicted, that it is storyed of a certain Prince, that he proposed a great reward, to every man that should invent a new conceited Dish: And the Sybarites were famous in this kind, who bid their guests a year before the Feast, and so long were catering for dainties. It is a Proverb amongst the Jewes, Qui multiplicat carnes, multiplicat ver∣mes: and most true is it, that he that dayly feedeth his body, is but a Cook to dress meat for wormes. Painting, Carving, and Imbroidering, serve to please another sense, the Sight, and therefore is a more ingenious de∣light: and in this kind some have been so excellent and renowned, as that they have been numbred amongst men of admirable wisdome; as Apelles, Phidias, Polycletus, and others, whose works have deserved immor∣tall reputation, and some of their Master-peeces have been prised beyond belief. All these have sundry Instruments, which may be (and doubtless have been) borne in Coat-armour; but because they are not usuall, I will refer them to each mans own observation; and will give instance in the last of this kind of Arts of delight, which we call, playing; which compre∣hendeth either Theatricall recreation, or other Games whatsoever.

And forasmuch as their first institution was good, and that they are in themselves the commendable exercises, either of the body, or of wit and invention; and if there be in them any evill, it is not in them per se, but per accidens, because they are abused by those that do practise and exer∣cise them; I have thought good to annex them unto the same: such are Tables-playing, Chesse, Dice, Racket, Balloone, &c. The things wherewith these Games are practised, are borne in Coat-armour, as by these examples following may appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three paire of Playing-Tables, Argent, bordured, Or, pointed and garnished with∣in of the first, by the name of Pegresse. Recreations which are Honest, are as necessary for the mind which is imployed in great affaires, and cares of impor∣tance, as meat is for the body which is exhausted with dayly Labour: and therefore of all men living, States∣men and Students, are to be borne with, if they are more addicted to the refreshing of their minds sur∣charged with meditation, than other sorts of men.

But the play at Tables is not held so fitting for the Female Sex, thereby they learn to beare a M••n more than they should.

* 1.139

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse between three Chesse-Rooks, Or, by the name of Bodenham. It seemeth these were at first called Rookes, for being the defence of all the rest, and therefore they stand in the uttermost corners of the Chessboard, as frontier Castles. This is a game of noble exercise for the mind, as requiring much forecast and understanding. King William the Conqueror was much addicted to this delight, and lost great Lordships at this play. And indeed were it not too serious a recreation, and going beyond the na∣ture of Games, it might well beseem a King, because therein are compri∣sed all the stratagems of War, or plots of Civill states.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Dice, Sable, each charged with an Ace, Argent, by the name of Ambesace; as appear∣eth by an old Roule late in the hands of Master Starky deceased. There is no successfull event of Dicing, none prosperous or fortunate, but all ominous and lamentable: for he that loseth is tormented, and he that winneth is enticed, and tolled on, untill he be entrapped or insnared in some wily or dangerous plot.

If a man play at Dice, and depart a Winnor, let him try his fortunes again, he shall be sure to lose. If a man win, his gains is wasted by giving away here and there to standers by, and to the Butlers Box, but let him lose never so much, there is none that will afford him one jot of restitution.

In this kind of play, many men do over-shoot themselves, and commit such errours for the losse of a little mony, as otherwise they would not for great sums be hired to do.

In this Game all manner of vices, especially those of covetousnesse and swearing, do predominate and bear chief sway. Neverthelesse many men observing the casuall chance of the Dice, out of a covetous desire of gain, and not being rightly informed of the use of this our mortall life, do with vehemency prosecute their insatiable thirst and desire of gain, as if that were the only scope whereto they ought to direct all their actions of this life; whose folly, or rather extream madnesse is lively expressed in the book of Wisdome, 15.12. But they counted our life a pastime, and our time here a market for gain: For (say they) we must be getting every way, though it be by evill means.

To conclude; the Hazard of Dice playing (according to Petrarch) is an huge and insatiable gulfe, a dreadfull and suddain Consumption of Pa∣trimonies and Inheritances; a Tempest of Wind; a Cloud of fame; a Spur to wickednesse, and the road-way to desperation: And howsoever other re∣creations are sports, yet this is nothing but meer grief and vexation of mind.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent,* 1.140 a Chevron betweene three Dice, Sable, each one charged with a Cinque of the first. This Coate is quartered by Master Fitz-Williams of Malton. This is the game of Fortune, and Fortunes children. The square, which alwayes falleth right howsoever it be cast, is the Embleme of constancy, but the uncertainty of the Picks, is the very Type of incon∣stancy and mutability. He that layes his estate on the Eyes of these Dice, will leave a small estate for his owne Eyes to look on.

To this chapter may be referred all other games; as the Racket, and that of Iacobus Medices, Generall to Charles the fifth, whose Device was a Ball with two Balloones, with this word, PERCVSSVS ELEVOR, The harder I am stricken, the higher I mount. And this may serve for conclu∣sion of all Arts and professions civill, whether Liberall, or Illiberall, neces∣sary or delightfull whatsoever.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XIII.

WHat manifold variety of Coate-Armours (consisting of things Artifi∣ciall) is borowed from the severall Dignities, Arts, and Exercises of men of civill life and condition, the foregoing Tracts and Examples have sufficiently declared. There now remaine such Artificials as are in use a∣mongst men of Military Profession, with which we will shut up this whole Section of things Artificiall. By things Military, I understand all such as doe pertaine to the use and exercise of Martiall Discipline and Service: whereof some doe serve for Order, some for Execution of Order. Of the first kinde are those things which are for direction in Marchings, Encampings, Arisings, Assaults, Retraits, &c. and such are the Banner-Royall, the Standard, Guidon, Penon, Cornet, &c. For albeit it be true, that L••ges silent inter Arma, Lawes cannot be heard amongst clashing of Weapons; yet without certaine Lawes of Discipline and Order, it is impossible for any Martiall Attempt to be successefull. And therefore this is reckoned as Han∣nibals highest glory, that being Captaine of an Armie consisting of men of so sundry Nations and Conditions, he notwithstanding kept them all under quiet Discipline: the want whereof hath commonly been the cause, when any great designe hath proved unprosperous.

The valiant Zisca, being starke blind, yet sitting in the middest of his Armie, whiles they were in any pitched Field with the Enemies, gave such directions upon all occasions, as that his Armie was ever Victorious. And Caesar was in this kind so fortunate, that he fought fifty pitched Fields with honour; wherein he alone surpassed the valourous Marcus Marcellus, who is sayd to have been forty times save one in the Field. And requisite is it in matters of so high nature, as are decided by wars, an exqusite care both in directing and obeying, should be observed, because it hath often happened, that the neglect or mistaking of some one small circumstance hath beene the overthrow of whole Armies, and all the States thereon depen∣ding.

And sithence we are about to treate of such Artificials as are in use a∣mongst men of military profession, I hold it not impertinent to discourse a

little of Military lawes; and some observations concerning Battels and Ar∣mies, beginning with such military lawes and discipline as were divulged to the Israelites, in the beginning of the second month of the second year, after their comming out of Aegypt.

The all-powerfull and most provident God, and wise disposer of all things; having made speciall choice of a people selected out of all the Na∣tions of the World for his own peculiar service, and minding to exercise them under many afflictions to prove what was in their hearts (to the end they might have a feeling sense of his Almighty presence, and ready deliverance at all seasons, out of all their calamities, that so he might humble them, and make them meet for himself) he did not presently lead them into the Land of Promise, so soon as he had brought them out of the Aegyptians servitude; but led them to and fro in the Wildernesse, by the space of forty years, keeping them in continuall exercise, to prove their faith, and to bring them out of liking with this World, and to learn them to depend wholly upon his divine providence; and in all their ne∣cessities to rest solely upon him, and to seek their comfort and relief from him onely.

This most gracious God, having a tender care of these his people, and fore-seeing in his divine providence how needfull discipline was, for the ordering and conducting of so huge and populous a multitude, in a pas∣sage so long, and withall, so full of perils; and knowing that all Civill Di∣scipline consisted in commanding and obeying, prescribed to his servant Moses a regular form of government, whereby he might contain them in their severall offices and duties.

First, he commanded Moses to number the Israelites, saying, Take yee the sum of all the Congregation of the children of Israel, &c. Num. 1.2.

And then, having given Moses and Aaron generall directions for the marshalling and ordering the whole Army of the Israelites, he saith, Num. 2.2. Every man of the children of Israel shall camp by his Standard, and under the ensigne of their fathers house: far off about the Tabernacle of the Congregation shall they pitch.

* 1.141

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And on the East side toward the rising of the Sun, shall they of the Standard of the Campe of Judah pitch, throughout their Armies: and Naashon the son of Am∣minadab shall be Captain of the Children of Judah. And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them were threescore and fourteen thousand, and six hundred.

* 1.142And those that do pitch next unto him, shall be the Tribe of Issachar: and Nethaneel the son of Zuar, shall be Captain of the Children of Issachar.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred thereof, were fifty and and four thousand, and four hundred. Then the Tribe of Zebulun: and Eliab the son of He∣lon shall be Captain of the children of Zebulun.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred thereof, were fifty and seven thou∣sand and four hundred.

All that were numbred in the Campe of Judah, were an hundred, fourescore and six thousand and four hundred, throughout their Armies: These shall first set forth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

On the South side shall be the Standard of the Camp of Reuben, according to their Armies:* 1.143 and the Captain of the Children of Reuben shall be Elizur the son of She∣deur.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred thereof, were forty and six thousand, and five hundred.

And those that pitch by him, shall be the Tribe of Si∣meon: and the Captain of the Children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were fifty and nine thousand, and three hundred.

Then the Tribe of Gad: and the Captain of the sons of Gad, shall be Eliasaph the son of Reuel.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were forty and five thou∣sand, and six hundred and fifty.

And that were numbred in the Camp of Reuben, were an hundred thousand, and fifty and one thousand, and foure hundred and fifty throughout their Ar∣mies: and they set forth in the second rank.

Then the Tabernacle of the Congregation shall set forward, with the Camp of the Levites, in the middest of the camp: as they encamp, so shall they set for∣ward, every man in his place by their Standards.

On the West side shall be the Standard of the Camp of

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Ephraim, according to their Armies:* 1.144 and the Captain of the sons of Ephraim shall be Elishama the son of Am∣mihud.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were forty thousand and five hundred.

And by him shall be the Tribe of Manasseh: and the Captain of the Children of Manasseh, shall be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were thirty and two thousand, and two hundred.

Then the tribe of Benjamin: and the Captain of the sons of Benjamin, shall be Abidan the son of Gideoni.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were thirty and five thousand, and foure hundred.

All that were numbred of the Camp of Ephraim, were an hundred thousand, and eight thousand and an hundred throughout their Armies: And they shall go forward in the third rank.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Standard of the Camp of Dan;* 1.145 shal be on the North∣side by their Armies: and the Captain of the children of Dan, shal be Ahiezur the son of Ammishaddai.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were threescore and two thousand, and seven hundred.

And those that encamp by him, shall be the Tribe of Asher: and the Captain of the children of Asher shall be Pagiel the son of Ocran.

And his hoste and those that were numbred of them, were forty and one thousand, and five hundred.

Then the Tribe of Naphtali: and the Captain of the children of Naphtali, shall be Ahira the son of Enan.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were fifty and three thou∣sand, and foure hundred.

All they that were numbred in the Camp of Dan, were an hundred thousand, and fifty and seven thousand and six hundred: they shall go hindmost with their Standards.

Here have we in this second Chapter of Numbers, an uncontroulable warrant pronounced by the mouth of Almighty God, for the use of two sorts of Ensigns, the one generall being in number four, onely ordained for the leading and direction of the four Regiments (as I may so call them.) And the other particular, serving for the demonstration of the se∣veral families and for the distinguishing of the particular persons of each family for the more commodious distributing of them into bands: a thing most behovefull for the bestowing and conducting of so huge a mul∣titude, considering how many thousand of persons, were comprised in, and under every of the above named Regiments: So as it is most cleare, that those are no lesse requisite (in their kind) than the former in theirs, for the more orderly and effectuall managing of this military expedition of so long a continuance, and withall subjected to infinite dangers.

As touching the Tokens or Signes used in the generall standards, we have shewed what they were after the opinion of Martinus Borhaus (who differeth from Speed) his very words you may read in the first Chapter, and first Section of this Book.

* 1.146But sithence here is mention made of signes pertaining to particular fa∣milies and persons, it may perhaps be questioned what these Signs were? whereto I answer, that they must of necessity be Signa existentium in re∣rum natura, because there cannot be a representation of things that are not. If then they consisted of the similitude of the things in Essence, or be∣ing, no doubt they were such as not onely the skilfuller sort, but the vul∣gar also (through frequent use and custom) did well know by their day∣ly sight and use of them: As being the expresse portraictures either of Ce∣lestial Bodyes, as of the Sun, Moon, Stars, &c. Or of things Sublunar, as Me∣teors fiery, Meteors watery, whereof we have before spoken in their due places: Or else of vegetable, as Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Fruits, Herbs, Flowers, &c. Or else they were resemblances of sensitive creatures; As of Man, Beasts, Fowles, Fishes, Reptiles: Or else of Instruments, or Tooles of familiar use in the exercise of Mechanicall Trades, pertaining to life Civil, or Ru∣stick. Which in respect of their common and ordinary use were best known to men, and therefore served most fitly for notes or marks, or pre∣cise differencing of each particular family and person from other.

When a King or Prince do enter the field to give battell to their enemies, it behoveth that he be strongly fenced of the Army, both before and behind, and that he have his being near the great standard, in the heart of the bat∣tell, for the more safety of his person, and that he may the better give di∣rections upon all occasions to the whole Army, as the necessity of the ser∣vice shall require.

* 1.147It is a thing very dangerous for a King, Prince, or other General, or what∣soever other their great Commander, to be over-forward or venturous to encounter his enemy in battell in his own person: It sufficeth such to command▪ and to give direction, and never to hazard their persons in battell. But if he must needs put his person upon the jeopardy of the un∣certain and dangerous events of a Battell, it behoveth that he deferre

the same to the last conflict; for that upon the safety of his person, de∣pendeth the hopefull good successe of the batell, and the safety of the whole Army.

Besides so long as the Chief Commander is in life and safety; albeit he be foyled and discomfited: yet may he repaire his forces, and subdue him by whom he was foyled: but his person being either slaine or surprised, there is no hope of recovery.

Upon the first Display of the Banner of a King or Prince,* 1.148 or of their gene∣rall or chiefe Commander; it behoveth that some discreet and ancient Counsellor should make knowne publikely the cause why those warres were undertaken, to the intent the same may be knowne to be grounded upon lawfull cause; and that the King or Prince doth not rashly attempt the same, but that he doth it in a lawfull quarrell and upon just cause.

Which done, then should he command the chief Herald to unrole and Display the said Banner, and deliver it to him that is appointed to bear the same (who before he take the same, must receive the order of Knight-hood, if he be not before Knighted) with a straight charge and command to hold the same fast, and to maintain the honour thereof, even with the extream hazard of his life; and thereupon to advance the same in the Name of God, the sole Author and giver of all victory.

Like as the lawes of Civil Magistracy and government were ordained by God, so also were military Lawes and ordinances grounded upon his express commandement uttered by the mouth of the Prophets and Priests. As you may see particularly, for the exhortation of Priests, Deut. 20.1, 2. and of other Officers, Deut. 20.5. and Jud. 7.3. besides, military lawes for Fight, Num. 21.21. that the conditions of peace must be offered, Deut. 20.11, 12, &c. for spoyle, 20.19. and the division thereof, 1 Sam. 30.26, &c. 1 Chron. 26.27. Josh. 22.8. 2 Chron. 28.15. for Victory; that it is the du∣ty of Captains and their Armies (after victory obtained) to ascribe the whole glory thereof to God, and with one heart and one voice to magni∣fie his most glorious Majesty by the example of Judas Maccabeus. Thus they went home and sung Psalms, and praysed the Lord in Heaven, for he is gracious, ann his mercy endureth for ever, 1 Maccab. 4.24.

The skilfull managing of military affaires is a kind of Art; neither doth the publick profession of the name of a Souldier, nor yet his lofty coun∣tenance or change of habit forthwith make a man a Souldier, it is a mat∣ter of greater consequence, and of no lesse secrecy; for a Souldier is to be confident in that he undertaketh, and to wage battell with an assured hope of victory, and to retire himself and his forces (if the necessity of the cause so require) without fear of reproach or danger. For as the common proverb saith, A more valorous man is he that wisely flieth, than he that foolish∣ly exposeth himself to adventure and hazard, Periti enim bellatoris est non mi∣nus scire fugiendi artem, quam pugnandi; for it is a matter of no great diffi∣culty to draw men on to fight, but if the Captain in his providence whilst they be in action, shall discover some unexpected disadvantage or damage that may befall him and his band, and can wisely retire himself with honour and with safety of his souldiers, he sheweth himself both valorous in his encounter, and wise in his retreat.

The greatest victories have not been gotten by handy-strokes alwayes, but many times for safegard of the effusion of blood, either the one part, or the other devised some witty unexpected suddain policy or Stratagem, to

astonish the adverse part; that so they might suddenly slaughter them, or put them to shamefull flight. Large is the field of Stratagems which every Commander hath by particular invention; neither hath there beene more victories or trophees gained by any one meanes than by these Stratagems. Whatsoever commeth beyond expectation maketh a disturbance or a∣mazment in the Enemy: but it must be wrought with this caution, that it be no disturbance to our selves.

Neither is every slight invention fit to be put in practice, but such onely as have foresight and circumspection annexed to them. He must be Argus that is a Generall or chief Commander, he must be eyed, behind, before, in his head, in his feet; and then shall all things be easily disposed according to Order, and take good effect, when orderly distribution, and provi∣dence, and premeditation, have made way thereto.

It is not the length of a mans age, or the number of yeares, that yeeld∣eth the Art or Skill of managing Military affaires, but a continuall medi∣tation, how he may encounter all occurrents and put them in exercise and practise: for if a man receive never so many stipends, yet is the un∣exercised man still but a freshwater Souldier notwithstanding.

There were in former Ages two sorts of dismission, or discharge from military service, the one named ignominiosa, that is to say, opprobrious or in∣famous; as when a Souldier for some notorious crime was discharged from his service, and disgracefully put out of pay and place, as for sloth∣fullnesse, cowardize, forsaking of his Captaine or such like, then he was by the Tribune dismissed of his place, and branded with the marke of infamy and reproach, if he were so by the Tribune discharged, and deprived of his Military ornaments.

The other was called Causaria missio, as much to say as an occasionall dismission or discharge, grounded upon good and lawfull cosiderations: as when in regard of debility, by reason of Age or Sicknesse, Wounds or other infirmities possessing a man; he was licenced to depart to his home, and those that were thus dismissed, did most commonly dedicate their Shields, Swords and Armour, Laribus suis, to their houshold-Gods, as the hea∣then termed them, by hanging them up upon the Walls in some chief or speciall place or roome of their house, for a memoriall of their service per∣formed in defence of their friends and Country.

* 1.149Martiall men are evermore in perill and hazard of life, in regard of their light esteeme of the manifold varietyes, casualties and dangerous events of Warres, whereunto they do evermore expose themselves; for fortune thundereth not her perils more abundantly upon any sort of men, than upon those that set her at naught, such are high spirited and valourous men. And not without cause, for as others do labour to shelter them∣selves from danger, and do shunne the violence thereof; these contrari∣wise do lay open themselves to the utmost hazard that may befall them.

Call to mind the forpassed ages, and examine them to the point, and you shall find that the valiantest men (for the mast part) have beene swallowed up with a violent death. Victory doth oftentimes make men swell with pride, and to insult over others, and provoke them to their own destruction, as we may see 2 Kings 14.8. Where Amaziah sum∣moned the son of Jehoahaz King of Israel to single combate, saying, Come let us look one another in the face. Who answered him, Because thou hast smitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted thee up: glory of this and tarrie at home:

for why shouldest thou meddle to thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou and Judah with thee?

Some men are of opinion, that such as are vanquished in Battell,* 1.150 ought not to be captivated to such as had subdued them, unless the wars were just and lawfull, as Doctor Casius hath observed, but Borreus holdeth that, albeit the ground or cause of the wars that are undertaken be unjust; yet is it not simply unjust, that such as are vanquished in battell, should be subjected under the power of the vanquisher; Quia legislatoris intentio est, ut v••rius vincentis sic honoretur: The purpose of the Law-maker was that the valour of the vanquisher should be so rewarded. Besides, it is no ig∣nominious thing for a man to be subdued by a man accounted of valour, according to that saying, Non tam turpe est vinei, quam contendisse gloriosum; It is not reckoned a matter so reproachfull to be subdued, as it is honou∣rable to have coaped with a magnanimous and valiant man.

Many men are remunerated for the vertues that are found in them, or for the externall tokens of vertue that are observed in their outward car∣riage Hereupon is that law grounded, Quod capti bello victoribus subservi∣ant, not for that the Conquerors are alwayes the better men, but in re∣gard that in them the signes and tokens of vertue and valour, are more apparent than in those that are subdued.

It is a just dominion or superiority,* 1.151 and agreeable to the order of Na∣ture, that the more powerfull should predominate over the weaker sort. And the lawes do seem to approve the same, Cum velint victum captum in bello victoris servum fieri.

It is a Law of perpetuity (saith Zenophon) observed amongst men, that when a Town or City, that held out the Assailants, is surprised, whatsoever is found therein, is due to them that took the same, as well the persons as their whole substance, whose opinion herein Aristotle followeth Polit. 40. And Saint Ambrose, lib. 1. de Patriarch, writeth, that the prey of the King of Sodome was in like sort in the power of Abraham that conquered him.

This custom hath been also observed, that to aske leave to bury the slain in the time of open hostility, and whilst men are in Armes in the field, or depart the Field after battell, is a kind of yeelding of victory: for it be∣seemeth not them that wan the Battell to seek any thing of the enemy by way of intreaty. Like as also the unwillingnesse to joyne battell, and protraction or delay of battell was taken for a yeilding of victory.

And now we will begin with examples of bearing such things in Coat-Armour, whereby Martiall Discipline and Order, which we have now dis∣coursed of, are preserved; whereof some are for shew, other for sound.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, three Banners disvellopped, in Bend, Sol. Virgilius Solis noteth this for the Armes of the Kingdome of Baldachia. Disvellopping is the proper term for spreading or displaying of this Martiall Ensign, as Wyrley noteth, in the life and death of the Capitoll de Bur, saying, With threatning Axe in hand, I was at hand; And my disvellopped Penon me before, &c.

Very behovefull are these ensignes for every parti∣cular band of Foot and troop of Horse, to the end they may know whither to draw together in expectance of the command of their Captain for the performance of all occasions; and that they may by them be directed after any conflict or skirmish, whither

to retire themselves without danger: they also serve for the manifest distinguishing of Bands and Companies. And by these they are all directed in their services, as a Ship is guided through the forcible and violent sur∣ges of the Seas, by the benefit of her Helme, and a skilfull Pilot guiding the same.

The Ensigns that the Romans anciently used, were of divers shapes; the Eagle fixed on the top of a pike or pole, was the chief: but that they had Pennons or Flags also, appeareth by Lazius, who saith they were cal∣led vexilla, à velis navium, from the Sails of Ships, which they resembled, being so named, tanquam minus velum, as it were a little Saile.

* 1.152

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, foure Spears in Bend, garnished with Penoncels dexter-wayes, counterly surmounted of as many other like, Argent. This Coat is borne quarterly by Lazarus van Schwendi, a Dutchman. These Penoncels made of certain small pieces of Taffata or Sarcenet, cut after the form of a Pennon, wherewith Martiall men do oftentimes adorne their Spears and Launces, which albeit of themselves they be things of no moment, yet do they very often (like as also Ban∣ners do) astonish the Enemy through their continu∣all motion, forasmuch as they are evermore wafting and wavering in the wind, whereby they do so occupy the enemies eye, as that it breedeth a terror in the mind of their foes, through a conceived opinion that those that come against them (being all troops of Horsemen that use this kind of Spear) are of a far greater number than indeed they are, as Wyrley in his said book noteth, saying,

To Cockerell ward we light into the way, Where we beheld the Foe-mates proud display; So many Banners wafting in the Aire, They seemed twice the number that they were.

These foresaid Instruments serve for direction and order to the eye, and by shew. To these Ensigns thus borne in the Field, in time of battell, either expected or acted, we may adde this known Ensign of premonstration of eminent hostile invasion, which is the fired Beacon, which giveth a sud∣dain warning of instant intended attempt or invasion of enemies, the no∣tice whereof giveth occasion of the firing of the Beacon, whereupon a Gen∣tleman of good reputation chose to bear for his Imprese, upon a mount a Beacon fired with this Motto annexed, Sic periisse juvat; meaning to die for his Countries safety was his desire. The bearing in Armes of three of these fired Beacons appeareth in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Beacons fired, Or, the flames proper, by the name of Dauntre. As touching the name of Beacons, it seemeth to be a Saxon word derived from the Saxon word, Becuian, which signifieth to call by sign or to becken, as we use the word at this day, and therefore are they called Beacons. Before the time of King Edward the third, they were made of great Stacks of wood, but about the eleventh year of his reign, he ordained that there should be in the County of Kent, high Standards with their pitch pans on the top of them. Lamberts perambulation of Kent, page 69. Now I will

present to your view, some examples of the bearing in Coat-Armour such Military instruments, which direct more distinctly by sound.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Drum in Fesse, between three Drum-sticks erected, Argent. The Drum is of frequent use (with divers Nations) in the Field. The Parthians for this purpose have great Kettle Drums, hollow within, and about them they do hang little Bels and Copper-rings, all which sounding together do make a noise much like a dead sound mingled with the bray∣ing and bellowing of a wild beast. This Instrument as it serves for direction, so likewise is it of use in drow∣ning the fearfull cries of wounded and dying men, lest that ghastly noise should daunt the hearts of the Souldiers. Zisca that renowned Captain of the Bohemians, being sick to death, willed his Soul∣diers to pluck off his Skin and to make a Drum of it, assuring them that when their enemies should hear the sound of it, they would flie before their face.

There is manifold uses of the Drum, Fife, Trumpet, and other musicall instruments used in martiall affaires, in as much as they serve not onely for the direction of Companies and Troops, but also of the whole Army in their marchings, encampings, risings, assaults, retraits, &c. but also to dead and drown the cryes of the maymed and wounded; and to stir up valour and courage in the Souldiers to the fierce encountring and as∣saulting of the Enemy: and for these ends was the use of them ordained in wars, to which purpose do these Instruments much availe, Sonus enim cornuum & Tubarum (in preliis) magnam vim habet ad spiritus, & sanguinem evocandum. For it is not with men, as it is with beasts, which can stir up courage in themselves, as I have before shewed: for men in respect of fear and faint courage, are hardly provoked to fight, therefore had they need to be drawn on and provoked thereto.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron engrailed,* 1.153 between three Trumpets, Sable, by the name of Thunder. This Coat-Armour standeth in a Glasse window in Saint Pe∣ters Church in Drogheda in Ireland. God himself vouch-safed to give direction to Moses for the ma∣king of this kind of Instrument, saying, Make thee two Trumpets of silver, of an whole piece shalt thou make them, that thou maist use them for the assembly of the Congregation, and for the departure of the Camp: Num. 10.12. and Ibid. 14. But if ye blow an Alarum, then the Camp of them that pitch on the East part shall go forward. Ibid. 15. If ye blow an Alarum the se∣cond time, then the hoste of them that lye on the South side shall march, for they shall blow an Alarum when they remove. So that the sound of the Trumpet, is but as the loud and far-reaching voice of the Generall: and though the Trumpet fight not, yet it doth more than many others, because it encou∣rageth them to the fight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Greenvile Knight, a worthy Son of so noble a Father as was Sir Bevill Greenvile: This with the Armes of Ʋlster, is like∣wise the bearing of Sir Richard Greenvile, Knight and Baronet, and is thus blazoned, He bears Gules, three Clarions, Or. They are sometime described Rests, but whether they be understood to be the Rudder, or from the name to be a thing whereon to rest their Lances, I know not, but am rather induced to believe them instruments used in Battell and Tournaments as we do Trumpets, for I find Robert Consuls Coat, base Son to H nry the first, blazoned, Clarions, of these very colours; And in many old De∣scriptions of tilting, we find the Knights to come in with Clarions soun∣ding before them.

* 1.154

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Flutes in Bend, Argent. This Instrument seemeth to have been invented, for the quiet setling and composing the Souldiers minds before the fight: and some such did the L••cedemoni∣ans use who (saith Plutarch) being ready to joyn bat∣tell, did first Sacrifice, and then all adorned with Gar∣lands sung a Martiall Song, their King marching with the whole Army in admirable quiet and composed or∣der. But the Syba••i••es were not so happy in the use of such musick; for themselves being altogether gi∣ven to wantonnesse and pleasure, all their Gentry taught their Horses to daunce at the sound of Musicall Instruments; which their enemies ha∣ving notice of being then in the Field and ready to joyne, they comman∣ded a noise of Musick in the front of the Army to sound; whereupon the Sybarites Horses fell all a dauncing, and overthrew their Riders, whereby their enemies departed Conquerors. And thus much for Instruments of Military Order, either for Eye or Eare.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XIV.

THE next are such things as serve for execution of order, which is the finall end for which Military profession is instituted, viz. propul∣sation or revenge of wrong, or for foiling the wrong-doer, refusing to give satisfaction to the party grieved: and as in the Law politick, so in this Law military, Execution is reckoned the soul thereof. To the accomplishment of Execution of order, sundry sorts of weapons are requisite: some Inva∣sive or Offensive, others defensive; the one to protect our selves, the other to impeach our foes: and of these Invasives, will we speak in the first place; beginning with those which we call M••ssilia, such as are cast or forced by strength of hand, or slight of Ingine, and after we will come to such as are manuall, or managed with the hand.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent,* 1.155 a Culvering dismounted in Fesse, Sable, by the name of Leigh. Before the inventi∣on of Guns, many sorts of weapons, as well Invasive as Defensive, were devised, which (saith Munster) by the space of every hundred years have admitted alte∣ration twice or thrice, like as also the Armour where∣with our bodies are covered and fenced. But one saith that it was the Devill himself who invented this hel∣lish Instrument for confusion of man-kind. Indeed it was a Monke who first invented Gunpowder: and I have read, that the first founder of these huge great Peeces, was himself slain with the breaking of one of them. A certain Captain was wont to call the mouth of the great Gun, Hell-mouth, and said that he who trembled not when one of them thundred, did fear neither God nor the De∣vill.

There are divers sorts of these kind of Guns, but I shall onely shew you an example of bearing of one other sort of them called Chambers; of which you may here see three borne with an interposition of one ordinary sur∣mounted of another between them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable, surmoun∣ted of another, Ermine, between three Chambers,* 1.156 pla∣ced transverse the Escocheon of the second, fired, Pro∣per, by the name of Chambers.

Whether the invention hereof were behovefull and necessary; or (as others reckon it) most pernicious and devillish, I will not take upon to dispute, but refer you to Sebastian Munster lib. 3. of his Cosmogra∣phy, where he maketh mention of Bertholdus Swartz, the Monk that first devised them, Anno Dom. 1354.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, three Murthering chain-shots,* 1.157 Topaz. This Coat-armour is borne by the Right Ho∣nourable the Earle of Cumberland, next to his Pater∣••all Coat; and it is thought to be an augmentation. Some have taken these to be the heads of Clubs called Holy-water sprincles; other suppose them to be Bals of Wild-fire; I rather think them to be some murdering chain-shot. Amadaeus Duke of Savoy gave two Staves topt with wild-fire, with this word, JACTAE CRESCIMUS.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Sable, three Ogresses,* 1.158 or Pellets in Chief, proper, by the name of Langley.

There I tell not the Colour of these Ogresses or Pel∣lets, because they be alwayes Sable, as shall be more plainly shewed in the conclusion of this fourth Se∣ction.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Sable, two Pellets in chief, and one Martlet of the second in Base. This is the Coat-armour of Henry Lee, one of the Captains of the City of London: how proper it is for a martiall Commander to bear in his Armoriall ensignes such military Instruments, I shall not need to prove by strength of Argument, Dum res ipsa loquitur.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Fesse, Gules, between two Matches kindled, Proper, a Martlet, Or. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Family of Leete of Bury Saint Edmonds, in the County of Suffolk. To this head must be referred all other the Appurtenances of great and small Ordnance, as Scowpes, Ladles, Spunges, Flasques, Touch-boxes, &c.

* 1.159

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Swepe, Azure, charged with a Stone, Or, by the name of Magnall. This was an En∣gine of war, in fashion seeming like to that which the Brewers use to draw water withall, and therefore we call it a Swepe as they do. With this Engine they used in ancient time to throw great Stones into the Towns and fortifications of the enemy. Some such Instrument did Ʋzziah King of Jerusalem use among many others for the defence of the City against the assaults of the Philistims, as appeareth where it is said, And he made very artificiall Engines in Jerusalem, to be set upon the Towers, and upon the Corners, to shoot Arrowes and Stones, &c. These are called En∣gines for the ingenious and witty inventions of them; wherein former ages were so exquisite, as that Archimede could draw up the enemies Ships from the Water.

* 1.160

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, three Battering Rams, Barre-wayes, Proper, headed, Saphire, Armed and garnished, Topaz. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Robert Berty, Earle of Lindsey, Ba∣ron Willoughby of Eresby, Lord Great Chamberlain of England, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Gar∣ter, and one of his Majesties most honourable Privie Councell. This Battering Ram was a warlike Instru∣ment much used by the Romans when they besieged any City or hold, with purpose to surprise them. Such an Engine (amongst divers others) did Titus Vespatianus erect against the City of Jerusalem, which were by Josephus and his associates consu∣med with fire. Such is the force of this Engine as that there is no Tower so strong, or circuit of a City so spacious, but if that they resist the first brunt thereof, through often use they will be subverted.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a Crosse-bow, bent in Pale,* 1.161 Gules, by the name of Arblaster, quasi Arcubalista. This Instrument Military (saith Polydor) was first de∣vised by the Cretians. And in former ages was called in Latine S orpio, and out of this they used to shoot stones, as Ammianus Marcellinus noteth, saying, Et Scorpiones quocunque manus perite duxissent, rotundos Lapides evibrabant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, three long Bowes bent in Pale, Gules, by the name of Bowes, and of Sir Thomas Bowes. This kind of Bowe is called in Latine Arcus, ab arcen∣do, of keeping the enemy aloof, and not permit∣ting him to approach near to us, by darting (as it were) out of the arrowes, whereby we do gall, wound or kill them afar off. This is a Military In∣strument of the missile sort, and that not of the mea∣nest rank, if we considerately peruse the Histories of former ages, for we shall find more set battels fought, and famous victories atchieved by English men with bowes and arrowes, than any Nation of Christendome hath obtained by any one Instrument whatsoever, without exception. But this weapon alone sufficeth not of it self to perform any action, but with the Arrowes assistance, whereof you have an example in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Arrowes. Or, Feathe∣red and headed Argent, which is the Coat of that worthy and ancient Family of Hales of Kent, now flourishing in the persons of that Honourable Gen∣tleman Sir Edward Hales of Tunstall in Kent, Baronet, Robert Hales of the Court of Chancery, and o∣thers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three broad Arrowes, Argent. The Arrowe is called in Latine Sagitta (as some do conceit it) quasi satis ictus, for that it annoyeth and galleth the enemy far enough off, so as he cannot approach the Archer to endamage him, because by the smart deli∣very of the Bow, the enemy is put to hazard a great way off: others would have it called (and not unapt∣ly) quod Sagax sic ictus ejus: for that the same being directed by the hand of a cunning and skilfull Archer doth cleave the pinne or mark oftentimes in two, though the same be but of a small scantling.

The Arrow is reckoned one of the number of weapons destinated to avengement, as appeareth, Deut. 32.42. I will make mine Arrowes drunk with bloud (and my sword shall eat flesh) for the bloud of the slain, and of the Captains, when I begin to take vengeance of the Enemy.

Sometimes you shall find both these martiall weapons borne together in one Escocheon, as in this next appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, two long bowes bent in Pale, the strings counterposed, Or, between as many sheaves of Ar∣rowes, Banded, Argent. This Coat standeth in Kirton Church in Devonshire. This sort of bearing may sig∣nifie a man resolved to abide the utermost hazard of battell, and to that end hath furnished himself to the full, as well with Instruments of ejaculation, as also of retention. The Bow and Arrows in former ages, have won more glory to this Kingdome than any other sort of Souldiery whatsoever, as the renowned Victories obtained in France do well testifie. There is yet another form of bearing of Arrows diverse from these, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, A Quiver, Gules, banded and replenished with Arrows, Or, between three Pheons, Sable. This Coat is quartered by Loyd of Hollyrood Ampney, in the County of Glocester. It was a custom amongst the Persians when they went to warfare, every man to cast an Arrow into a Chest, ordained for that purpose, and placed before the Throne of their King: and at their return, every one to take his own Shaft, that so by the number of Arrows re∣maining, the number of the deceased might be cer∣tainly known.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, two Bars, Sable, on a Can∣ton of the second, a Pheon of the first. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of Sir John Bingley Knight, in the Reign of King James, Auditor of his then Ma∣jesties Receipts in the Exchequer.

The Pheon is the head of an Instrument of the Mis∣sile sort, which we call a Dart, the same being a long and light Staff, headed after this manner, and having a Thong fastened to the midst thereof, for the more sleighty and strong forcing the same against the ene∣my, to keep or annoy him afar off. This is called in Latine Jaculum, quia è longinquo jaciatur: it pierceth speedily, and maketh a large wound, by reason of the wide spreading barbs thereof. The bearing of Pheons is both ancient and commendable.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse between three Pheons, Sable, by the name of Rowdon, or Raudon (for I find it written both ways, and that anciently.) This is a Yorkshire Family, and was resident at Raw∣don, or Roudon, as appeareth by divers Deeds in the time of Richard the second, Henry the sixth, and Henry the eighth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, on a Fesse, Gules, between three Pheons, Sable, a Lyon passant, Or. This is the Coat-Armour of Marmaduke Rowdon, one of the Cap∣tains of the City of London. And now this next ex∣ample will shew you a Charge somewhat like unto this Pheon, yet differeth it much from it in name, and in the fashion also, if you observe it with a cu∣rious eye, as it well becommeth a good Blazoner to do.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, on a Cheuron, Argent, three bar∣bed Arrow-heads, Sable, by the name of Kemis of Wick∣wick, in Glocestershire.

And hitherto of Missils: we now come to Manu∣als. Weapons Manual, are so called, because manu tractantur, they are managed by the hand; when by the use of them we do assaile our foes, or put away profered wrong, by encountering or grapling with them at handy strokes. Such are these that follow, and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Sword in Pale, Sable, by the name of Dymock. The Sword is a Weapon fitted for execution and vengeance; as we may see Deut. 32.41. If I whet my glittering Sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment, I will render vengeance to mine ene∣mies, and will reward them that hate me. Furthermore it is said, Jer. 46.10. For the Sword shall devour, and it shall be satiated and made drunk with their blood, for the Lord God of Hostes hath a Sacrifice in the North Coun∣try by the River Perath.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, three Swords in Pale, Argent, an Inescocheon of the second, charged with a Sinister hand couped at the wrist as the first. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of Sir Simon Clarke of Salford in the County of Warwick, Knight, sometimes Cofferer to King James, who deriveth his descent from Anketell de Wood-Church in the County of Kent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules,* 1.162 three Swords conjoyned at the Po∣mels in Fesse, their points extended into the corners of the Escocheon, Argent, by the name of Stapleton. The Galateans, instead of ordinary Swords, used a kind of two handed or bastard long-sword, which they fast∣ned with chains to their right sides. A like manner of fastning our Swords to our right sides was in use with our Horsemen in England in the time of King Edward the third, as may be seen by the great Seal then used. It is a reproachfull thing for a Knight, to be disarmed of his Sword in battell; Quia si gladio spoliaretur, omnem perderet honorem militiae & Privilegium.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Swords, one in Pale point upward, surmounted of the other two, placed Saltire-waies, points downward, Argent, by the name of Norton. A certain Laconian, when his son found fault with his Sword, that it was too short, made his answer, Id∣circo parvum datur forti viro ut addat gressum; There∣fore is a short Sword given to a man of courage that he may lengthen the same with a step: meaning thereby that because his Sword was short, he should ap∣proach so much the nearer to his enemy, and so might he make the same long enough, so may he buckle him hand to hand, and perhaps wrest the weapon out of the adversaries hand, to his great credit, Gloriosum enim est victoriae genus, ab eo cum quo dcertas Arma capere, It is a praise-worthy thing for a man to bereave or despoile his enemy of his Armes or Weapons: yea, so glorious is it reckoned, as that many men having possessed themselves with their enemies weapons, either by sur∣prise or slaughter, have used the same and none other, all the dayes of their life. As appeareth (in part) 1 Maccab. 3 12. So Judas took their spoiles, and took also Apolonius Sword, and fought with it, all his life long.

Which is a good Sword, Seneca sheweth in these words, Gladium bonum dices, non cui deauratus est balthaeus, nec cui vagina gemmis distinguitur, sed cui ad secandum subtilis est acies.

* 1.163

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Swords in Pale, two with their points downward, and the middlemost up∣wards, by the name of Rawline. There are besides these, divers other forms of bearing of Swords, as three Swords points in point, in Bend, Barre, &c. I find another Coat of like Charge and Name, but di∣versly borne from this. As by example appeareth in this next Escocheon.

* 1.164

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Sable, three Swords Barre wayes, their points towards the Sinister part of the Escocheon, Argent, the Hilts and Pomels, Or, a cressant for a dif∣ference by the name of Rawlyns. As touching the in∣vention of Swords, Polydor Virg. saith, their use was found out by the Lacedemonians. The Romans in their Saturnalian feasts, amongst other exercises used the game of Sword-playing, to the end that in time of peace, they being accustomed to behold Fighting, Wounds and Swords, might be the lesse discouraged, when they see the Feats of Armes in the Field against the e∣nemy; and therefore the Chifetain or Generall of the Host was to exhibit to the people a game of Fence or Sword-playing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Swords extended, Barre-wayes, Argent, the Hilts and Pomels, Or, by the name of Chute, and is the bearing of Chaloner Chute of Sutton Court in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, a worthy successour of his Fathers vertues, who was a Gentleman of much Eminence and Knowledge in his practice of the Lawes, and praise-worthy re∣putation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Crosse between foure Swords, Argent, the Pummels and Hilts, Or. This Coat was given to Sir John Philipot Knight, sometime Lord Mayor of London (and used with his ancient Armes which are, Sable, a Bend, Ermine) for a Coat of Aug∣mentation; for this Sir John Philipott at his own charges set forth a fleet of Ships in the year 1378. (which was in the second year of King Richard the second) and scoured the Seas, at that time so sorely infested with Pirats, that the Merchant ships could not traffick in safety. Master Camden in his Brittannia sets forth, that he like a good patriot of his Country, surprised John Mercer a Scottish Rover, and all the Rabble of his adherents, besides fifteen saile of Spanish Ships, richly freighted with Merchandize, which they had taken as prize, where∣of he made no other use, but to give supply to his Soveraign, for he maintained one thousand men in the Kings wars in France, and performed many pious and laudable works in his life time, and ordained many more by his last will extant in the Registers of the Hoysting London. King Ri∣chard the second rewarded his good service with a grant of forty pounds of yearly revenew of land escheated to the Crown, yet in the possession of Sir John Philipott his next heir in Philpot Lane in London; and made him Knight in Smithfield, when he rewarded Sir William Walworth Mayor of London, with that order at the same time, when he vanquished that arch Rebell of Kent, Wat Tyler. He builded a fair Chappell at his Mannor of Granch in Gillingham in Kent, which Mannor is a member of the Cinque∣ports which he bequeathed to his second son,* 1.165 from whom descended Cap∣tain Thomas Philipott that valiantly maintained a challenge in the Low Countries against Captain Debee that had wickedly depraved our late Queen Elizabeth, and slew the said Debee in single combat. And from another son of Sir John Philipott is descended Captain Thomas Philipot of Apston-Hall in Hertfort-shire not far from Woodhall Filpots, the ancient seat of this family who (by following the wars in Queen Elizabeths dayes at an expensive rate) was constrained to alienate those lands. Sir John Philipot now one of the Justices of the Common Pleas in Ireland, but borne in Kent, is branched from those of Gillingham aforesaid. I have seen some evidences which do perswade me to believe that the lands now belonging to Sir John Philipot, the chief of this house at Stepney nigh Lon. came to his Ancestors by mar∣riage with the Sister of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury. The Swords are the truest Emblems of Military honour, and should incite the Bearers to a just and generous pursuit of Honour and Vertue in Warlike-wayes, especially when they intend the defence of the Christian Faith, denoted

sufficiently in the Crosse, as here in this Coat. Much might be spoken here of the bearing of the Sword; it being an Emblem of Government and Ju∣stice, and borne before the King, GODS Leivetenant, and in other pla∣ces to honour Lievetenants to the Kings Majesty: but of a bearing so apt to be displayed, I need say no more.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Curtelasse in Bend, Proper, garnished, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Tatnall in the County of Chester. The old Britans our Ancestors were wont to weare a short and broad Sword; so did the Spartanes also, whom when one of their Enemies mocked for so curted a weapon, it was replyed, that it was not so short but it could reach into their hearts, as often as they met in Field.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Launces in Bend, Or, Ar∣med, Argent, by the name of Carlow. It was a custom amongst the Romans when they did undertake any lawfull wars, after deniall of restitution demanded of things unlawfully taken, or satisfaction for wrongs offered, that the King of Arms (to whom the de∣nouncing of battel and defiance did properly apper∣tain) should amongst other ceremonies, throw a Spear headed with Iron, imbrued with bloud, and scorched with fire, into the Soile of that people a∣gainst whom such war was denounced; to notifie unto them that they would severely prosecute them with fire and force for the wrong by them committed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Barrey of six, Argent and Gules, three Cressants, Ermine, on a Chief of the second, two Laun∣ces in saltire, their heads broken off, Or. This was the Coat-Armour of William Watson Esquire, sometime Keeper of the store of the Ordnance, as well of those in the Tower of London, as of these belonging to the Navy; who was Grandfather to those five brothers, viz. William Watson of Frendesbury in the County of Kent. John Watson of Wolpett in Suffolk, Richard and Norton Watson, both of London; and Thomas Watson, one of the Clerks of his Majesties Court of Kings Bench.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a quarter, Gules, a Spear in Bend, Or, by the name of Knight, Hybern. It was the manner of the Romans to bestow Spears upon the valiant and well-deserving Souldiers in recom∣pence of their acceptable service performed. To this end and purpose (as Festus Pompeius supposeth) be∣cause the Spear is the perfection of Martiall affaires, and Imperiall jurisdiction: and for that it was a cu∣stom to make sale of captives under the same; as also to make them and such Souldiers as had trans∣gressed the Military discipline (whereupon they were disarmed of their Military Belt, and received the ignominious name of Discincti) to passe the

yoke, the first for that they were brought into subjection by force; the other, for transgression of the Lawes Military.

This Yoke consisteth of three Spears, whereof two were pitched up∣right, and the third was bound crosse-wayes to them both; under this Yoke were both enforced to passe, that their reproach might be the greater.

Before a man shall go about to buckle with his enemies, it behoveth that the Army be fully furnished, and provided with all sorts of Military provisions, both defensive and offensive, by the example of Ʋzziah King Judah: of whom it is said,

Ʋzziah had also an hoste of fighting men, that went out to war by bands, ac∣cording to the count of their number, under the hand of Jeiel, &c.

And Ʋzziah prepared them throughout all the hoste Shields, and Speares, and Helmets, and Briggandines, and bowes and stones to sling, 2 Chron. 26.11.14.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Spears heads, Gules, a Chief, Azure. This Coat-Armour belongeth to Robert Reyce of Preston in the County of Suffolk, Esquire, a worthy Gentleman, whose great charge and care in collecting and preserving the Antiquities of that County, merits a large Encomium. The Spears heads being apt and ready to pierce according to the opini∣on of some Authors, betokeneth a dexterity and nim∣blenesse of wit, to penetrate and understand matters of highest consequence.

As concerning the quantity or weight of Spears heads, we find in them in all Ages, answerable to the strength of the persons that were to manage them: So we read that the Speare-head of Golias that encountred with David, weighed six hundred sheckles of Iron, which was correspondent to his speare, that was resembled for bignesse to a Weavers beame; as also to the hugenesse of his stature which was six cubits and a hands breadth, 1 Sam. 17.4. Also we read of Ishbibenob the son of Haraphah (of the race of the Giants) whose head of his speare weighed three hundred sheckles of brasse, even he being girded with a new Sword, thought to have slain David.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable,* 1.166 a Cheuron between three Spears heads, Argent, three points embrued, Proper, by the name of Morgan. Alexander the great, compared an Army without a good Captain to a Speare without a strong head, for that as the shaft of the Speare could have little force without the head, though it be much larger than it, so the greatest Army can little availe without the fore-guidance of a valiant Leader.

Now, I shall I hope without any great breach of Method, demonstrate the bearing in Armory of some part of a Tilt-speare or Tilt-stave, call it which you please, which kind of weapon or instrument, although it be not of any use in the wars, yet the well-managing thereof maketh a man the more expert for military ser∣vice on horseback, and therefore may challenge to be ranked among mar∣tiall weapons managed with the hand.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Cronels of a Tilt-speare, Argent, by the name of Wiseman. These Cro••els or Coronets (for I find them called by both these names) are the Iron heads of Tilt-spears, or Tilt-staves, which usually have six or eight Mournes (for so are those little piked things called, which are on the top or head of this Cronell or Coro∣net) three of which appeare in each of these, the other three which are not here seen, cannot be de∣monstrated by the Art of Cutting or Painting: some have termed, or rather mis-termed these Cronells, Burres; for the confu∣tation of which Errour I have caused the true figure of a Tilt-staffe or Tilt-speare to be here presented unto your view without the vamplet.

[illustration] diagram of spear, labelling its various parts

A sheweth unto you the Burre, which is a broad ring of Iron behind the hand, or place made for the hand, which Burre is brought unto the Rest when the Tilter chargeth his Spear or Staffe. B sheweth the hand, or place for the hand C demonstrateth the Cronell, Cronett, or Coronett; which oc∣casioneth this discourse, and this next figure maketh plain unto you what the vamplet of a Tilt-speare or Tilt-staffe is.

[illustration] diagram of spear, labelling its various parts

This vamplet demonstrated by the letter D is of steele, and is used for the safeguard of the Tilters hand, and is taken off and put on to the staffe or speare at pleasure.

And for the further clearing of this point it is expressed in the Charge, from the Master of the Armory, to the Yeoman of the Tilt-staves thus,

• Tilt-staves with Coronets and Burres
  • Serviceable.—
  • Ʋnserviceable.—
• ...Vamplets
  • Serviceable.—
  • To be repaired.
  • Ʋnserviceable.—

Expressing the particular numbers of every of them.

* 1.167And in an ancient Book remaining in the Office of Armes, I find Wise∣mans Coat Blazoned, a Cheuron between three Cronels.

I could here if it would suit with my intended brevity, enter into a large discourse of the Noble and Knightlike exercise of Tilting, which is the Schoole of Chivalry and Horsemanship, without the knowledge whereof, the Horseman in the wars can do little good service.

Tilting is called Hippomachia from the Greek words, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i. Equus, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i. pugna, it is also called by the Latines Ludus militaris, or Ludus Troiae, for Troy was the place where it was first invented as some are of opinion.

Diverse Statutes and Ordinances have been made by the Commande∣ments of former Kings of this Realme concerning Royall Justs and Tiltings within this Kingdome,* 1.168 which do sufficiently prove their former use to have been more frequent than now they are, and it is much to be wished that this Royall and honourable exercise might be more frequently practised, to which none are to be admitted as actors by the ancient Or∣dinances, but such as are well known unto the King of Armes, of that Pro∣vince where it is to be performed, to be Gentlemen of Coat-armour, Bloud and descent: but no more of this at this time, which deserveth rather a Volume than a Page, for setting out its due Commendation and Antiquity.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Bils in Pale, Sable, by the name of Gibbes. These are taken by some to be Danish Hatchets. To this head must be referred all Glaves, Partizans, Clubs, Polaxes, and whatsoever o∣ther weapons of like kind, wherewith we do either assaile or repulse our enemies by encountering them at handy-strokes. The brown Bill is a notable wea∣pon for execution, and hath been of great use in Mi∣litary services, but now near antiquated, if not al∣together, since the Musket and Caliver have come in use.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Scaling Ladders in Bend,* 1.169 Argent, by the name of Shipstowe.

To this head must all other Martiall Instruments of these natures (not hitherto handled) be reduced, whether they pertain to order and direction, or else to Execution; and bestowed under their particular Heads, according to their propriety of their seve∣rall kinds.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XV.

OF weapons Invasive or offensive we have formerly discoursed: Now come we to the handling of the other member, comprehending wea∣pons defensive, borne in Coat-armour. Of these some do serve for defence onely, others serve both for defence and habit also: of the former sort are such as next ensue and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Escocheons, Sable. This was the Coat-armour of Sir John de Loudham or Lowdham Knight, owner of the Mannor of Lowdham in Suffolk in the time of Edward the third; it is now quartered by the before mentioned Samuel Blever∣hasset Esquire, now Lord of the same Mannour. Unto Dame Joane the relict of this Sir John Loudham, did Sir Edmond de Ʋfford Knight, brother of Robert de Ʋfford Earle of Suffolk, Sir Robert Bacon Knight, and Robert de Prestone, by their deed with their severall seals of their Arms thereunto affixed, release in the forty second year of

Edward the third, their right in certain lands, &c. in Herkesteed, Holbroke, Wolferston, and other Towns in Suffolk.

* 1.170

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Barrulet between two bars Gemewes, Gules, three Escocheons, Verrey, by the name of Gamolle. This was the Coat-Armour of Ala∣nus de Gamoll Knight, that lived about the time of Edward the third King of England. By occasion of which name I am put in mind of a Gentleman of the same name, but of diverse Family, as may ap∣pear by his Coat-armour, the same being Or, three Mallets, Sable; of whom I find mention in an In∣quisition taken in the County of Chester, Anno 13. Edward. 3. in haec verba; Compertum est, quod Henricus Filipnham de Ga∣mul tenet dimidium unius feodi militis in Storton, &c. From whom is descended Edmond Gamull Esquire, one of the Aldermen of the City of Chester: whose endeavours and furtherance to the Common-wealth, there, deserveth a memorable recordation, as well in respect of his par∣ticular actions, as the good examples he shall leave to after-comers of like merit.

* 1.171

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Escocheons, Barrey of six, Verrey and Gules, by the name of Mounchensey. A Lacedemonian Dame, having a son entring into Mili∣tary profession, at his departure gave him a Shield, and therewithall used these words, Fili aut hunc, aut super hunc. Thereby admonishing him briefly, so to bear himself in battell, that either he should return with victory, bringing his Shield with him, or should valiantly dye, and so be brought home dead upon the same. Touching signes in ancient times de∣picted upon Shields, Vegetius hath these words: Ne Milites aliquando in tumultu praelii a contubernalibus aberrarent, diversis Cohortibus diversa in scutis signa pingebant, quae ipsi nominabant digmata, sicut etiam nunc moris est: Praeterea in adverso scuto uniuscujusque Militis literis erat nomen adscriptum, addito ex qua esset Cohorte, quave Centuria. These Shields are meerly for defence.

Touching the variety of Shields or defensible weapons, and their uses, we read that the Roman Captains or Leaders, had their light harnessed Souldiers on foot, armed onely with Sword and Target, and were called Rorarii; whose office was with a light skirmish to give the first onset on the enemy, to see if they could force them to remove their first Sta∣tion, and so make way for the Horesemen, sicut Ros ante gelu, as the Dew or moist goeth before the Frost. Alex. gen. dierum. lib. 6. pag. 369.

This sort of Souldiers were highly rewarded of Kings, in regard of their bold adventure in bearing the first brunt of the battell. Of these some were called Peltati, because they were Armed with a kind of Shield or Tar∣get, like to a half moon; some Cetrati, for that they were armed with light Targets or Bucklers after the Spanish or Africk fashion.

Caius Marius did prohibit his Souldiers the bearing of sleight and small Targets, in regard of their unserviceable use.

After that Romulus had made a league with Tatius King of the Sabines, the Romans laying aside the Grecian Shield (which formerly they used) assu∣med the Sabine Shield; and Romulus did interchange Armours with the Sabines, and continued the use of them. It is a thing that hath been of some men holden for an infallible observation, that all Nations do change (if not the form of Martiall discipline) their military weapons at the least, once in the space of an hundred years, upon some one occasion or other.

Among the Germans it was holden a thing so ignominious for a man to lose his Shield in fight, as nothing could be more reproachfull; Inso∣much as he that was found culpable therein, was excluded from all sa∣cred Rites, and common Councels; yea, so odious was it holden amongst them, as that many (having escaped the battell) were branded with this publick infamy, and being unable to sustain so great reproach, have hanged themselves.

Amongst the Romans it was in use oftentimes to lay their children new born in Shields instead of Cradles; because they held it a presage of future fortitude and valour in the Child: So we read that Hercules, who exceeded all other of that Age in fortitude, was rocked in a Shield.

A certain Lacedemonian skirmishing with his Enemy, and having his Sword drawn, and spying some advantage thereto, was minded to have run him through therewith instantly, the sign of retreat was given, where∣upon he forbare; and being demanded why he slew not his enemy when it was in his power; he answered, melius est parere Imperatori, quam hostem occidere.

Moreover as touching the Shield, we read that it was usuall to hang them up in Churches instead of Epitaphs, as is the use here amongst us at this day, though not to that end, as is gathered by the words of Trebelli∣us Pollio in the History of Claudius Caesar, where he saith, Claudium princi∣pem loquor, cujus vita, probitas & omnia quae in Repub. gessit tantam posteris famam dedere, ut Senatus populusque Romanus, novis eum honoribus post mortem affecerit. Illi Clipeus aureus, vel ut Grammatici loquntur, Clipeum aureum Sena∣tus totius Judicio in Romana Curia collatum est, ut etiam nunc videtur expressa thorace vultus Imago. Lazius lib. 9. 936.

Like as the Shield served in the battell for a defence and safegard of the Body of Souldiers against blowes and wounds; even so in time of peace, the same being hanged up, it did shield and defend the owner a∣gainst the malevolent detractions of the envious sort, who do labour to deprave mens best actions, they themselves never endeavouring any that were laudable; whereby they do verifie in themselves that most true, and no lesse approved saying of Lipsius, livor & invidia bonorum operum sunt impedimenta, aut venena: for if they cannot hinder them from passing, they will labour to corrode them with their venemous teeth of detracti∣on after they be passed. Besides these Shields which we call Armes su∣spence, do (withall) not onely possesse, but also beautifie the room with a military Ornament: wherein each mans particular Armes are expressed at this day, and the Helmets and Crests, consisting of Crowns, horns, and wings of fowles affixed upon them, are placed above the Shields. Lazius lib. 9. 934.

Now will we exemplifie such as are for defence and habit also.

* 1.172

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Close Helmet, Gules, by the name of Kingley. It was the manner of the Romans in their warfare to cover the Habergions and Head-peeces of those that were called, Levis armaturae mi∣lites, or Light harnessed Souldiers (whether they were horse or foot) with the skins of Beares: like as it was of the ancient Grecians to cover their heads with Otters skins instead of Helmets; and both of them to one end; namely that thereby they should seem to be more terrible and ghastly in the sight of their ene∣mies, and their enemies eye being occupied in admiration of the strange∣nesse of such habits, they might be the lesse able to attend their fight, and so (with more facility and lesse danger to themselves) be the more easily over-come.

* 1.173

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Helmets with their Be∣vers open, Sable, by the name of Miniet. The bea∣ring of the Helmets after these severall manners (to wit) sometimes close Bevered, and other whiles with their Bevers open, have their severall intendments; those of Action, and these of Cessation. So much briefly of their diverse bearing, as for the present may suf∣fice. Of the reasons of such their bearings, I shall have occasion to speak hereafter more fitly, when I shall treat of the Atchievements of the particular state of dignities.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Gules, a Helmet in the dexter point, Or, by the name of Trayton. The Helmet thus placed, and being a chief part of milita∣ry habit; may rather seem to be a reward for ser∣vice, than an ordinary charge, and of it self may be∣token wisdome as well as valour, as we may gather by the statue or image of Minerva, whom the Poets do faine to be the goddess of wisdome, and all good Arts and Sciences; which statue is evermore found to be adorned with an Helmet on her head, which doth represent to our understanding, not so much the safeguard and de∣fence of the head from violence, as also that the same is inwardly fraught with wisdome, policy and reason, and is impenetrable by force, or guile∣full practise. The head so armed is securely fortified against invasions, and prepared for answering of all questions: It well fitteth martiall men to discourse and sing of battells and victories, of armour, horses, and military exercises, as the Romans were accustomed to relate, and sing of victories, and the memorable exploits of worthy warriours, according to that saying,

Navita de ventis, de tauris narrat Arator, Enumerat miles vulnera, pastor Oves.

The true Ornaments of Martiall men, are a shattered Shield, a dented Helmet, a blunted Sword, and a wounded face, all received in battell.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Diamond, a Lyon passant, gar∣dant, Topaz, between three Helmets, Pearle. This is the Coat of the noble Family of Compton, of which an eminent Ornament is the right ho∣nourable James Earle of Northampton.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Cheuron, Ruby, between three Morions or Steele Caps, Saphire. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Brudenell of Stouton. This Morion, Steele-cap or Scull was the ancient armour for the head of a foot-man that served in the wars, it is called a Morion, quia Mauri hujusmodi utebantur casside. I confesse this Mo∣rion here demonstrated, differs in form from that which is now in use: and because no bearing in Coat-armour of a modern fashioned Morion at this present occurs unto my memory, I have caused one of them to be cut, as in this next figure you may see.

* 1.174

[illustration] hemlet

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, three left hand Gauntlets,* 1.175 To∣paz. This is the paternall Coat-armour of the Right Honourable Mildmay Fane, Earle of Westmerland, Ba∣ron Le de Spencer and Burghurst, Knight of the Bath. Panormitanus maketh mention of one Duke Reynard, who by a Herald sent a Gauntlet unto Alphonsus King of Aragon, and withall denounced him battell;* 1.176 who willingly accepted the same, and demanded of the Herald whether he challenged him to fight with his Army, or in single combat: who answered, Not with his Army. Whereupon Alphonsus assigned a day and place for the purpose, and came at the prefixed time, but the Duke failed. Such is the Law of Armes, in case of single combat, that the party defendant shall appoint the time and place, for the performance thereof,* 1.177 as witnesseth Spigellius in these words: Jure belli licet provocato diem & locum Prelii dicere.

This is to be understood in private challenges; for otherwise it is where the Combatants are sentenced by the publick magistrate to fight, in which case with us in England, the time, place, and weapons are to be appointed by Judges of that Court, before whom the matter depends.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Dexter Armes vambraced and Proper, by the name of Armestrong. Well do these Armes thus fenced, agree with the name of the bea∣rer, for then are the Armes best fitted for the perfor∣mance of high enterprises, when they are thus for∣tified and made strong against all violent encounters: for by means thereof, the Souldiers are so embold∣ned, as that nothing can daunt them: in which re∣spect men of former ages reckoned Armour the mem∣bers of Souldiers, for that the use thereof is no lesse behovefull for military persons, than are their natural members.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a Barre compony, Argent and A∣zure, between three Curasses of the second; on a Chief as the same, as many fermailes or buckles, like the third, by the name of Baldberny of Scotland. The Curasse is that part of Armour, that serveth to secure the breasts, bowels and intrailes of man, a∣gainst all force and violence whatsoever, from the gullet of the throat, to his loynes, whereupon they do chiefly rest. Damaratus a noble Captain of the Lacedemonians, being demanded why it was lawfull for the Spartanes in coaping with their enemy to forsake their Helmets and Curasses, but in no case to forgoe their Swords: he made answer that these were to guard their private persons, but their swords served to se∣cure the weale-publick: a man may expose himself to danger or to death, but may not in any case leave his Religion, Prince, and Country void of succour.

Concerning the defensive furniture of mans body, we read that anci∣ently they were made of linnen cloath, of exceeding high proof: Such was that much famoused linnen Brigandine of Amasis King of Aegypt, whereof every thread consisted of three hundred and sixty other threads, wherein were portrayed and set forth the forms and shapes of manifold sorts of Animals (that he used to prosecute in his accustomed exercise of hunting) in gold, and divers coloured yarne. And not onely the furniture ordained for the safety of mans body, were made of linnen in those dayes, but also the furniture of the Horses (of such as were called Cataphracti Equites) as their bardings and Caparisons, were also made of linnen, artificially wrought with bars of Iron after the manner of fea∣thers, and both of them so curiously intermixt, and platted together, as that (in fine) it becometh a defence of impenetrable resistance against a∣ny sort of weapons: which kind of furniture was in use with the Ro∣mans, not onely for the safeguard of the Horses, but also for the safety and preservation of the Cataphracti, or such as we term men of Armes compleatly furnished a Cape a pee (as the French phrase is) to withstand and sustain the shock or brunt of the enemy, by whom also the discom∣fited forces have been often repaired.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ruby, three Legs, Armed, Proper, con∣joyned in Fesse at the upper part of the Thigh, flexed in Triangle, garnished and spurred, Topaz. This Coat is quartered by the Right honourable the now Earle of Derby. In ancient time Souldiers that either had sold or otherwise lost their Armour by negligence, were (by a Military Law) punished with death, as he, that run∣neth from his Captain. Thus far of Military furniture of defence, pertaining to men. Now shall be touched such things as belong to Horses of service for the field; though some of them are in common for other Horses.

Of the first sort, are the Shafron, the Cranet, and the Bard, whereof I find no particular examples of Bearing single and apart, but as they are borne conjunct in the totall furniture of Horses for the Field, as shall hereafter in their due place be shewed. I will here therefore set forth such as are of ordinary and common use, as they are severally borne in Escocheons as followeth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Saddles stirropped, Sable.* 1.178 The Saddle is of great use for all sorts of horsemen, as well for ease in journying, as for sure fitting, but most behovefull is the same for Martiall men, that serve on horse-back in the Field; for that by the means thereof, and of the Stirrops thereto affixed, they may be able to sustain the shock of their adversary, as also the more forcibly to incounter him.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron, Sable, five Horse-shooes, Or. This is the Coat-armour of Nicolas Crispe, one of the Captains of the City of London. The Bearing of Horse-shooes in Armory is very ancient as the Armes of Robert Ferrars, Earle Ferras, testifieth, who lived in the time of King Stephen, and bore for his Armes, Argent, six Horse-shooes, Sable.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a bend, Sable,* 1.179 charged with three Horse-shooes, Argent, by the name of Shoyswell of Sus∣sex.

To these may be added whatsoever other parts of the furniture of Horses fitting for the wars: As Snaf∣fles, Bits, Bridles, and such other like tokens, whereby is signified restraint of liberty, or servile subjection, as appeareth where it is said, After this now David smote the Philistims and subdued them, and he took the bridle of bondage out of the hand of the Philistims.

* 1.180

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a barded Hose passant, furnished at all points for the Field, Argent.

A Horse thus furnished, is fitted and prepared for the use of a Souldier of that sort which we call Cata∣phracti milites, or men at Armes, of whom I shall make mention in the next Escocheon. Not much unlike this is the Caparison wherwith we use to set out our horses prepared for the Tilt, in our joyfull triumphs of peace. I read that it was a custom amongst the Ro∣mans (as well in their lesser as greater Triumphs) that no man (but such as by prerogative, either in respect of some honou∣rable or eminent place, or speciall merit, were thereto priviledged) might meet or accompany him that triumphed on horse-back, but altoge∣ther on foot, which custom was of long time observed amongst them.

* 1.181

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a Chevalier armed at all points, a cape a pee, brandishing his sword aloft, Argent, gar∣nished, Or, mounted on a barded Courser furnished throughout of, and as the second. This Coat-Armour (according to Bara) pertaineth to the Dutchy of Li∣thuania.

These were those Souldiers strongly armed in steele called Cataphracti Equites, which I lately spoke of, they were habited with Habergions, which were ei∣ther Coats of Maile or of Plate, and differed much from those that we call Levis Armaturae milites, in respect of the ponde∣rous weight of their furniture, wherby both themselves and their Horses were the better inabled to receive the shock and strong encounter of their enemy. Whose Armour were a Sallad or Head-piece, their Shield, Graves and Brigantines, all of Brasse, their Bassenets or Sculls, Spears and Swords, like those in use with footmen. Such was the force of these Cataphracti milites (or as we call them, men mounted upon Barded Horses) as that they were able to endure the brunt of the enemies, and did oftentimes repaire the forces of the trembling and distrustfull Armies.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XVI.

HAving in the two former Chapters handled Artificials military, both invasive and defensive; I think it not much amisse now a little to treat of Trophees and tokens of Martiall victory, and to shew you some em∣blems of rewards for victory obtained, borne in Coat-armour, since victory and the hope thereof sweetneth all those dangerous Travels, and into∣lerable labours, which the brave Martial man joyfully runneth through; yea, even to the hazard of his life. Trophees (saith Lazius) are spoiles for∣ced from the conquered enemy, all embrewed with blood, and hanged up as they were upon the next tree that could be found to fit that pur∣pose; or else the Conquering Souldiers brought them home to their houses where they hanged them up upon some Pole or Tree called Gentilitia arbor, for a monument of the encrease of Glory that they had atchieved to the family by their valour. The like custom (saith Wolf. Laz.) do we not onely read of in Thucydides: but my self have seen and observed represented in

Ancient Coines, an Oake having the limbs cut off, and upon the snags thereof were hanged a Germain cloak made of Badgers skins (or such other like) called Lacerna Germanica, two Shields, a Barbaria Pipe, and a Germain Ensigne.

There was also another sort of Trophee, when a man had subdued his e∣nemies, the manner was to expresse the memory of the victory atchieved (as it was acted) in letters engraved and cut in stone, together with the names of the People and Kings that were vanquished; and this was usu∣ally set up in some publick place for the perpetuating of the memory of such their famous conquest to all posterities. To this purpose is that which Cicero mentioneth, ad Heren. Hic in Macedonia Trophaea posuit, eaque que bellicae laudis victoriaeque omnes gentes Insignia & monumenta esse volue∣runt. And so is that place of Pliny, lib. 37. cap. 2. where he writeth that Pompey the great, caused an Inscription of a Trophee to be erected in the Py∣renean mountains. Wolf. Lazius lib. 9. 898.

The ancient rewards for victory obtained in the field, borne in Armes, are Garlands, which the Armorists call Chaplets, and in Latine they were anciently called Coronae militum: and of these there then were divers sorts, which were conferred on the victours, and were significant demonstrati∣ons of the manner of the victory obtained; for the Ancient bearers, horse∣men, Captains, and Leivetenants, of Cities, Towns, and Ports, which had valorously sustained and indured the siege of their enemies, and were de∣livered from them, were guerdoned in ancient times with a Garland of Grasse, called in Latine, Corona Graminea sive obsidionaria; which although it were made of grasse (being the only herb that can be supposed to be found in a place long besieged) yet is the same Garland Gramine, as (Pliny witnesseth) most honourable and noble, and to be esteemed above all o∣thers; Gold, Pearl, Olive, Lawrell, Palme, Oke and Ivie, giving place to com∣mon Grasse, that royall herb of dignity.

He also that could prudently delay his enemy, and preserve the Army committed to his charge from losse without giving battell, was wont to be rewarded with this kind of Gramine Garland: such an one was Fabius Maximus, Qui corona Graminea donatus fuit ab universa Italia; quandoquidem non pugnando sed cavendo rem Romanam restituisset & exercitum sibi creditum conservasset.

There was another sort of Chaplet called Corona Civica, which among the Romans was in esteem next to the Corona Graminea. And it was made of Oken leaves and branches, with the fruit of Acorns hanging on it. This Gar∣land or Chaplet was given to him that had saved a Citizen when his life was in extreme perill, killing his enemy, and making good the place where the danger happened: and Pliny maketh mention that this sort of Chaplet was to be given to one who slew the first enemy, that mounted on the walls of a City or Fortress, being defended by, or for the Romans: and I read that Hostius the Grandfather of the Roman King Hostilius, for his prowess was the first that was remunerated by Romulus with a Chaplet, called Corona frondea, and this was quod Fidenam irrupisset: it was Anno Mundi, 3295.

The Triumphall Chaplet, was first made of Laurell, and such an one did Tiberius Caesar use. The Athenian victors had their Chaplets or Gar∣lands of Olive-leaves; and these Chaplets were rewards also as well for Mercuriall or Martiall deeds, some of which at first made of leaves, were afterward altered and composed of Gold; Pliny writeth of the Rose,

the Lily and the Violet, be the flowers wherewith the Chaplets or Garlands of Noble men ought to be adorned, I confesse he there useth the Latine word Corona, but I think under favour there that word Corona cannot be taken for a Crown, I mean such an one as is in use with us at this day made of gold, but rather for a chaplet or garland.

I find also that chaplets are sometimes made of other herbs, as of Rue, as that which is borne bend-wise upon the barres of the Coat-Armour of the Dukedome of Saxony: which as learned Master Selden out of Krant∣zeus hath noted, was at the time of the Creation of Bernard (son of Albert Ʋrse, Marquesse of Brandeburg, and brother to Otho the then Marquesse, and to Sifride Arch-bishop of Breme) Duke of Saxony, granted to the said Bernard by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, upon the request of the said Bernard to difference his Armes from his brothers; Tunc Imperator (are the words as Master Selden citeth them) ut erat coronatus per aestum Rute∣am Coronam injecit ex obliquo supplicantis clypeo: which was afterward borne so on their Coat, being before Barrey, Sable and Or.

And thus much may suffice to have spoken of chaplets; now come we to shew some examples of bearing them in Coat-Armours.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three chaplets, Vert, by the name of Richardson of Shropshire. As these are here borne as the sole charge of the Field, so may you also find some Ordinary interposed between them as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Fesse, Sable, between three chaplets, Vert. I read that Hercules first made himself Garlands of the herb called in Latine Aptum, which is so cal∣led quia ex eo apex, id est, Caput antiquorum triumphan∣tium coronabatur: this herb is alwayes green, as Theo∣phraste observed, it is called in English Merche.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, on a Chief, Gules, three Chaplets of the first. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Morison of Cashio-bury, in the County of Hartford, de∣ceased, divers others there be that bear these Chap∣lets in their Coat-Armours, but these here shewed may suffice to make known unto Students in Armo∣ry how to blazon such a charge when they meet with it.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, parted per Fesse, Argent and Azure, three Chaplets counter-changed, by name of Duke of Devonshire and Kent, now flourishing in the last of those, in the persons of two worthy Gentlemen, George Duke and Richard Duke, Esquires, both of Mai••stone.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XVII.

UNto these before mentioned remunerations of joyfull victory, I will adde such artificiall things wherewith the victorious Martiall man doth commonly deprive of liberty those whom the fortune of the wars have given him as Captives and Prisoners; such be Prisoners Gifts Fetters and Shackles, or prison Boults, which are all notes of subjection and captivity, of the bearing of some of these in Coat-armour, I wil shew you some examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Shackbolt, Sable, by the name of Nuthall in the County of Chester. Some call this a Prisoners Boult: he that by his valour shall in the wars take his enemy and retain him as his prisoner, may well for such his good service be guerdoned with such a kind of bearing as is here demonstra∣ted; which is an honourable bearing in Armory, in regard it doth sufficiently to an Artist declare the first occasion thereof.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two single Shackbolts, and one double, Argent, by the name of Anderton. These kind of Armes may also well be given to such a brave spi∣rit, who by his prowesse can fetch off with strength, or by his charity redeem any of his fellow Souldi∣ers in captivity.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XVIII.

TO these Martial Armorials we may adde as an Appendix of necessary use in warlike businesses, the Water-bowgets, which in ancient times were used to carry and conserve in the Camp that usefull element of Wa∣ter. In such vessels some suppose that Davids three worthies, which brake into the Host of the Philistimes, and drew water out of the well of Bethle∣hem, brought to their King that water he so much longed for. These three mighty men deserved to have been remunerated with such Armo∣rall marks in their Coat-Armours for their valour.

The usuall depicting of these Water-bowgets in Escocheons of our present age, if we shall compare them with those of former times, we shall find these and them much differing in form, as by these three next Escocheons, the first being according to our modern form, and the other two agreeing with the ancient, evidently appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ruby, three Water-bowgets, Pearle. This was the Coat-armour of Sir William Roos, a Ba∣ron of this Kingdom, who lived in the time of our two first Edwards after tne Conquest.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

These Water-bowgets were anciently depicted and portraied in Coat-Armour according to the form in this present Escocheon demonstrated, witnesse old Rolls of Arms and Monuments of stone. The Anci∣ents themselves did some what differ in the portrai∣ture of this Water-bowget, for I find in a very ancient Roll in the custody of the before mentioned Sir Ri∣chard St. George Clarenceux (who I must with a thank∣full acknowledgment confesse hath been very free in communicating such his collections to the fur∣therance of this present second Edition) that Robert de Roos, son of the late mentioned William de Roos, did beare these Water-bowgets depicted, as in this next Escocheon, with a File of five lambeaux or points.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the true figure both of the Escocheon and charge, as they be in the said Roll, which is written in a hand of that time or very near; and these ex∣amples may suffice for Water-bowgets of the ancient form, now I will shew you another Escocheon with a Crosse Engrailed between foure of these Water-bowgets of the modern form, yet are the Arms very ancient.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Crosse Engrailed, Ruby, be∣tween foure Water-bowgets, Diamond. This was the Paternal Coat-Armour of that Honourable family of the Bourchiers, sometimes Earles of Ew in Normandy, from whom are descended the Bourchiers Earles of Bathe. And that truly noble Knight Sir Henry Bour∣chier, a carefull and diligent searcher out of the hid∣den Antiquities not only of this Kingdom but of Ireland also. Leigh in his Accidens of Armory, p. 127. calleth these Water-bowgets, and pa. 176. he termeth this kind of Charge a Gorge.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Varry, Or, and Gules, between three Water-bowgets, Sable, by the name of Dethick, of which family is Sir John Dethick Knight, late Lord Mayor, as also those two ingenious Gen∣tlemen, Thomas Dethick who hath long resided at Li∣gorne, and Henry Dethick of Poylers near London, sons of Henry Dethick, son of Sir William Dethick Knight, son of Sir Gilbert Dethick Knight, both principall Kings of Armes, by the Title of Garter.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fesse between three Water-bowgets, Ermine, by the name of Meeres of Lincoln∣shire, a very ancient family of which is Master Meeres who lately marryed the Daughter of Sir Erasmus de la Fountain.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Argent, a Cheuron, between three Wa∣ter-bowgets, Sable, by the name of Hill, and is borne by those two accomplisht Ornaments to this City, Abraham and Thomas Hill, sons of John Hill Esquire, sometimes Alderman of London, living 1659. descen∣ded from an ancient Family of this surname at Shil∣ston in Devonshire, which Abraham Hill not long since marryed Anne Daughter of Bulstrode Whitlock (Com∣missioner of the great Seal) by Frances Daughter of William Lord Willoughby of Parham.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Chief, Sable, three cove∣red Cups, Or. This is the Coat of Sir Oliver Butler or Botiler of Teston in Kent, Baronet.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XIX.

SIthence there be some things borne in Armes, which have a near re∣semblance among themselves, yet do really differ each from other in name, of which we have not hitherto given any rule: I hope with the readers curteous leave, I may gather such here together, which other∣wise according to strict Method, should have been ranked far asunder, by which means the Student in Armory (for whose benefit onely this work is compiled) may with more facility observe the nice differences

of such charges, which are differenced, and consequently change their names, onely from their

Distinction of their

• Colours or
• ...Formes.

Of the first sort are Roundles, of which Leigh giveth examples of nine sundry, each differing from other in name and Blazon, according to their different Colours, as for example.

If they be
1 Or	2 Argent	3 Vert	4 Light-blew	5 Sable	6 Purpure	7 Tenne	8 Sanguine	9 Gules
Then we call them
1 Besants.	2 Plates.	3 Pomeis.	4 Hurts.	5 Pellets or Ograsses.	6 Golpes.	7 Orenges.	8 Guzes.	9 Torteauxes.

Of some of these, viz. Besants, Plates, Hurts and Pellets, I have given ex∣amples formerly in this Book; examples of Besants and Plates you may see pag. 292, 293. of Hurts, pag. 138. of Pellets, pag. 329.

It is not requisite in Blazon to name the Colours of any of these nine Roundles, except they be the counter-changed charge of a field transmuted, as in Abtots Coat, of which you shall find the Blazon in the fifth Section and second Chapter; and in such a case they are called Roundles, and by no other name. But otherwise it is sufficient to say, he beareth Argent, on a Chief, Gules, three Besants, as I have done in the blazon of Russels Coat-armour, p. 292. without telling of the colour of the Besants; the like you may ob∣serve in Captain Lees Armes, pa. 330. which I have blazoned without tel∣ling the colour of the Pellets: as for the word Proper used in the blazon of the Hurts, p. 138. and of the Pellets in Langleyes Coat, p. 329. they are faults I must confesse escaped me in the correcting of this Edition, therefore I do intreat the curteous Reader with his pen in those two places to put out the word proper; yet I cannot deny but that in ancient blazon I have seen the Colours of some of these Roundles named, yea, and some are of opinion that one or two sorts of these differ their names in the quantity of their figure and not in colour: but of latter times amongst our English Blazoners, it is accounted a great fault to tell their colours, except where they are found counter-changed in a Field Transmuted, as I have formerly said.

If you find above the number of eight Besants borne in one single Coat, according to some Authors you are not then to tell their number, but to say Besantee, for they give concerning this point this Rule, both for Be∣sants and Torteauxes, besanae numerantur usque ad octo, quem numerum si ex∣cedant, dicentur Besantee, and Tortellae numerantur sicut Besanae, and Chassaneus is of the same opinion, Chass. Cato. 1. Glor. mundi pars conclus. 75.

Leigh saith that the Roundle called a Guze, is resembled to the Ball of the eye, and Golpes are in signification wounds, Accidens of Armes, pag. 151. Pomeis are taken for Apples without their stalkes: what Besants, Plates, Pellets and Hurts be, I have formerly in their due places shewed.

Now I will shew some examples of the Bearing of some of these Roundles, viz. Torteauxes in Coat-armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Topaz, three Torteauxes. This is the Coat of that truly noble and ancient family of Court∣ney of Devonshire, particularly of Ponderham, of which is Sir William Courtney, descended in a direct male line from Hugh Courtney second of that name, Earle of Devonshire in the time of King Edward the third; the elder Family being in possession of that honour till the beginning of Queen Elizabeth, divers of which were also Dukes of Exeter. Anciently Blazoners did use to tell the manner of the position of a charge, consisting of three things of one sort or kind placed in triangle, as you see these here are, by saying three Torteauxes, Plates, Mullets, Cressans, or the like, in triangle, or two and one; but it is now observed as a generall rule, that when the number three is rehearsed in Armes, without further de∣claration of the location or position of the charge demonstrated by that number, then are they alwayes placed in the fashion that is shewed in this present Escocheon; but if they have their location in any other form, then you must alwayes tell how and in what manner, as in this next Es∣cocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Torteauxes in Bend, be∣tween two Cotizes, Sable, by the name of Ince of Lan∣cashire, and Juys beareth, Argent, three Torteauxes, be∣tween two Bends, some say Cotizes, Gules. These saith Leigh, pag. 156. have been by old Blazoners called Wastels, which are Cakes of bread, but must be named by none other name than Torteauxes.

And thus much may suffice to have spoken of such Charges, as are dif∣ferenced only from their distinction of their Colours, and consequently change their names; all which you may observe to be composed of a Circular figure, now it remaineth, that I treat of those other, which have a near resemblance among themselves, yet vary their names onely from their distinction of forme.

Of this sort are

• ...Fusils.
• ...Losenges.
• ...Mascles.

The Geometrician calleth the kind of figure whereof every of these is composed, Rhombus, which Keckerman saith,* 1.182 is Parallelogrammum obli∣quangulum & equilaterum; for in truth every one of these consist of four Geometricall lines of equall length, yet these are differently by Armorists, as I shall presently shew you. But I think it first necessary to demon∣strate unto you the figure of every of these, as in example.

[illustration] diagram labelling parts of heraldic bearings

[illustration]

The Fusill.

[illustration]

The Losenge.

[illustration]

The Mascle.

The Fusill is longer than the Loseng, having its upper and lower part more acute and sharp than the other two collaterall middle parts, which acuteness is occasioned by the short distance of the space between the two collaterall or midle parts in the figure demonstrated unto you by the let∣ters BB, which space if the Fusil•• be rightly made is allwayes shorter than any of the four Geometricall lines whereof it is composed, as you may ob∣serve in the figure thereof: in which you finde that the distance between the two Angles demonstrated by the letters A and B, is longer than that which is between the two collaterall or middle Angles marked with B and B, but all this is to be understood of Fusils of the moderne figure or forme, for anciently they were depicted in another shape; and Chassaneus shew∣eth a Fusill somewhat neare to the ancient in proportion thus.

* 1.183

[illustration] outmoded form of heraldic bearing

In this figure you may observe, the sides be not Anguled, but rather round. He there thus describeth Fusils, Fusae sunt acutae in superiori & infe∣riori partibus, & rotundae ex utroque latere.

* 1.184A Losenge differeth from a Fusill in that the space between its two col∣laterall or middle Angles, equals the length of any of the four Geometricall lines whereof it is composed, as its figure before more plainely manifest∣eth, where the space between the Angles demonstrated by the figures 3 and 3, and 1 and 3. are of equall length. I confesse sometimes you may find in things made for losenges, the distance here demonstrated by the figures 3 and 3 to be a little longer than that from 1 to 3, but it can never be shorter, for then it is a Fusill.

A Mascle differeth From both the Fusill and Losenge; first, because the Mascle is alwayes voided, that is, part of the field is transparent through it: I confesse in this I dissent from Leighs opinion, who in his Accidens of Armory, pag, 157. b. seemeth to grant that a Mascle may be whole, but of this I have formerly shewed my opinion and my reason for the same, p. 314. next, a Mascle, differeth from a Fusill and a Losenge in the propor∣tion of space, which is evidently demonstrated in the Mascles figure by the letters C and D, which sheweth a Mascle to be as long as it is broad.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearl, three Fusils in Fesse, Ruby. This was the paternall Coat-armour of William Mon∣tagu Earle of Salisbury. I know well that Mr. Brook, York-Herald, in his Catalogue of the Earls of Salis∣bury, hath blazoned these Losenges: but old Rolls of Arms with their blazon in French do testifie, that these be Fusils, for it is thus written in one of them, Mons. de Montagu Count de Sarum port d'argent a trois Fusilles, &c. This Roll now at this present remain∣eth in the custody of Sir Henry St. George, Knight, Richmond-Herald; whose industrious collections of such Antiquities, and his willingnesse in affording the view of them for the forwarding of this present Edition, cannot without a manifest note of ingratitude be here over-passed in silence. These Fusils may also be borne in Bend or Triangle, as Leigh writeth, pag. 157. b.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Fusils, Ermine. This is the Coat-armour of Sir John Denham, Knight, one of the Barons of this Majesties Exchequer, a good and a∣ble Justicer. The Fusill is never pierced or voyded, as Leigh noteth, what a Fusill representeth in Armory, and how the English, French and Dutch vary in their opinions about it, I have formerly shewed unto you out of the Accidens of Armory, in pa. 288. of this Book. Now I will shew an example of bearing of Losenges in Arms.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Losenges in Fesse, Er∣mine, by the name of Gifford, a family of long conti∣nuance at Halsworth in Devon, from whence descen∣ded that judicious Gentleman, and ingenious Col∣lectour of choice Rarities and Antiquities, Master Humphry Gifford of the Poultry, London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, three Losenges, Or.* 1.185 Losenges are thus described by Chassaneus, Losangiae factae sunt ad modum Lozangiarum quae ponuntur in vitrinis sub for∣ma quadranguli, sed superior & inferior partes plus ten∣dunt in acutum quam aliae duae collaterales seu mediae, & sic plus longae sunt quam largae, Chassaneus pars, 1. a conclusio. 75.

To these charges that thus resemble each other, yet change their names from their nice differing forms, may be referred the Quarter and the Canton, the Delfe and the Billet, and such other like: examples of the bearing of every of which I have formerly given, leaving the student in this way to learn their differences by his carefull observation, to which Leigh in his Accidens of Armory hath given great light.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Sable, three Mascles of the field, by the name of Carleton, a Fa∣mily of ancient note.

Thus have I in this one Section run over this whole Chaos of things Artificiall; which I have so compendiously set down, considering the in∣finite variety of things incident unto Arts of all sorts, as that any judici∣ous Reader will rather approve my brevity therein, than concur in judg∣ment with that rash and unadvised Censurer of this Book who (before it was in Presse) sought to lay this aspersion on it, that it was wholy stuf∣fed with Superficials of things Mechanicall, &c. Which calumny needs no o∣ther refutation, than the view of that which here presents it self to all mens scanning.

The End of the fourth Section.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Power infused into man with a soule.
• * 1.2

  Art natures Midwife, Phy∣sitian, and Pan∣dor.
• * 1.3

  Art wherefore invented.
• * 1.4

  Progression from the workes of Na∣ture to those of Art.
• a 1.5

  Berk.
• b 1.6

  Calep. Art taken in the largest signification.
• * 1.7

  Definition of Art.
• * 1.8

  Etymologie of Art. Order of the Author.
• * 1.9

  A Crown Imperiall Mitrall.
• * 1.10

  A Significati∣on of it eleva∣ted.
• * 1.11

  3 Crowns.
• * 1.12

  Belinus.
• * 1.13

  A Scepter Royall.
• * 1.14

  A Mound.
• * 1.15

  Crosse Avel∣lane, what.
• * 1.16

  Ensignes Ec∣clesiasticall.
• * 1.17

  A Papall Insu∣la.
• * 1.18

  An. 13. Hen. 7.
• * 1.19

  Holinshed, p. 1461.
• * 1.20

  A Cardinals Hat.
• * 1.21

  Anno 1251. Onuph. Veron∣de Cardinal. Institut. p. 162. Chassa. Cat. G. M. part. 1. Conclus. 4.
• * 1.22

  Cardinals Robes.
• * 1.23

  Armes of the Archbishop of Canturbury.
• * 1.24

  Title of Me∣tropolitan of England.
• * 1.25

  Ancient Usage
• * 1.26

  Corporall oath exacted.
• * 1.27

  Sable, a Bishops Miter Argent.
• * 1.28

  The forked shape thereof.
• * 1.29

  A Lyon Ram∣pand with a Bishops Cro∣sier.
• * 1.30

  Things borne by other per∣sons.
• * 1.31

  The Sword of Estate.
• * 1.32

  The Manner of bearing thereof.
• * 1.33

  A Mace of Majesty.
• * 1.34

  The Chancel∣lors purse.
• * 1.35

  Peculiar En∣signe. His Office.
• * 1.36

  The Kings Vicar.
• * 1.37

  Ornaments borne before Ecclesiasticall persons.
• * 1.38

  Badges of dig∣nity.
• * 1.39

  Collars be∣stowed upon such as were of the Blood Royal.
• * 1.40

  Three Rings enriched with Turkesses.
• * 1.41

  Bushels full of Rings.
• * 1.42

  Six Annulets.
• * 1.43

  Annulets what.
• * 1.44

  A Booke ex∣pansed with 3. Crownes.
• * 1.45

  MS. M. 18. pag. 126. re∣manente in Officio Armo∣rum.
• a 1.46

  Quarre, which now thus orthogra∣phed signifieth in English four-square.
• b 1.47

  Faits.
• * 1.48

  Three Pens.
• * 1.49

  Great things performed by the pen.
• * 1.50

  A Penner and Inkhorne in Fesse.
• * 1.51

  Spur to wel-doing.
• * 1.52

  Double privi∣ledge.
• * 1.53

  A Cheuron between three Text Tees.
• * 1.54

  Three Text Esses.
• * 1.55

  Instruments pertaining to Arts Liberall.
• * 1.56

  Musicall In∣struments. Wind-Instru∣ments.
• * 1.57

  Two Organ Pipes.
• * 1.58

  Three How∣boyes with as many Crosse Croslets.
• * 1.59

  A Harpe on a Canton.
• * 1.60

  The significati∣on of the Harp.
• * 1.61

  Three Treble violents trans∣posed.
• * 1.62

  Three Celesti∣all signes on a Bend.
• * 1.63

  A quarter of the celestiall Zodiacke.
• * 1.64

  Differences of Arts Liberall and Mechani∣call.
• * 1.65

  Worthiness of Agriculture.
• * 1.66

  A Plough in Fesse.
• * 1.67

  Plowing of Cities.
• * 1.68

  Harrowes.
• * 1.69

  Scithes.
• * 1.70

  Wheeles.
• * 1.71

  Katharine Wheele.
• * 1.72

  Crosse and Katharine Wheele.
• * 1.73

  Wooll-cards.
• * 1.74

  Fusiles upon Slippers.
• * 1.75

  Fusiles trans∣posed.
• * 1.76

  Wharrow Spindles.
• * 1.77

  Weavers Shuttles.
• * 1.78

  A Maunch.
• * 1.79

  A Dexter Arme with a Maunch.
• * 1.80

  The significa∣tion of a Maunch.
• * 1.81

  Hieron Epist. ad Eustochium.
• * 1.82

  A Cheuron between three Combes.
• * 1.83

  A Chief with three Beysants.
• * 1.84

  Sex Plates.
• * 1.85

  Argent, on a Bend engrai∣led Sable three Plates.
• * 1.86

  Royalty of Coyning.
• * 1.87

  There is ano∣ther family of the Arthurs in Ireland that beareth a Che∣vron between three Sufflues, what a Sufflue is Boswell in his Armour of Honor, p. 124. h. sheweth. Some call Suf∣flues, Rests.
• * 1.88

  What under∣stood by Ar∣mature.
• * 1.89

  Three Pick∣axes.
• * 1.90

  Three Mallets.
• * 1.91

  Use the per∣fection of things.
• * 1.92

  Three Levels with their plummets,
• * 1.93

  Reference.
• * 1.94

  A Cheuron between three Squares.
• * 1.95

  A Fesse be∣tween three Hatchets.
• * 1.96

  Armes of the Company of Carpenters.
• * 1.97

  Reference.
• * 1.98

  Armes of the Company of Smiths.
• * 1.99

  Necessity of Iron.
• * 1.100

  The bearing of Nailes.
• * 1.101

  A Fesse be∣tween three paire of Pin∣cers.
• * 1.102

  A Tower tri∣ple Towred, Sable: Mun∣ster in Cosmo∣graph.
• * 1.103

  A Lyon Ram∣pand, and a Castle.
• * 1.104

  A Castle tri∣ple Towred.
• * 1.105

  Rule.
• * 1.106

  A Tower and Scaling ladder.
• * 1.107

  Three Arches.
• * 1.108

  A Pillar en∣wrapped with an Adder.
• * 1.109

  Tents.
• * 1.110

  Crosse ••∣ted up•• Griec••
• * 1.111

  Three Bels.
• * 1.112

  Three Cushi∣ons.
• * 1.113

  A Trevet.
• * 1.114

  Three fl•• pots.
• * 1.115

  Three paire Bellowes.
• * 1.116

  Three Lamps.
• * 1.117

  The Art of Armature.
• * 1.118

  Three peeces of Masts cou∣ped.
• * 1.119

  Three Sai••
• * 1.120

  An Anchor.
• * 1.121

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Ruther of a ••ip.
• * 1.122

  A Lighter boat.
• * 1.123

  The Hull of a Ship.
• * 1.124

  A Ship with three Masts.
• * 1.125

  A Galley ••¦der full S••
• * 1.126

  The priviledge of Venation.
• * 1.127

  •• Bugle or Hunters ••orne.
• * 1.128

  Stags heads and Bugles.
• * 1.129

  Reference.
• * 1.130

  Three Haw•• Bels.
• * 1.131

  Three
• * 1.132

  ••••ree Mascles.
• * 1.133

  Sev•• Mascles con••••nct.
• * 1.134

  A Fret of 8. pieces.
• * 1.135

  Fret Engrai∣••d.
• * 1.136

  Fishing ••ooks.
• * 1.137

  E••le-spears.
• * 1.138

  three Weeles.
• * 1.139

  A Fesse be∣••ween three Chess-rooks.
• * 1.140

  A Cheuron between three Dice.
• * 1.141

  Order for pla∣cing the four Standards.
• * 1.142

  The Standard of Judah ac∣cording to Borhaus.
• * 1.143

  2 The middle ward.
• * 1.144

  The middl•• ward.
• * 1.145

  The Standard of the Camp of Dan, accor∣ding to Bor∣haus.
• * 1.146

  ••••rticular En∣••••gnes what.
• * 1.147

  The safety of the comman∣der.
• * 1.148

  Place of a ••••¦nerall in ti•• of Battell
• * 1.149

  High spirited men subject to violent deaths.
• * 1.150

  Justnesse of Law of victo∣rie.
• * 1.151

  Law milit••
• * 1.152

  Sp••es garni∣she•• with Pe∣no••ls.
• * 1.153

  A Cheuron engrailed be∣tween three Trumpets.
• * 1.154

  ••e Flutes ••end.
• * 1.155

  A Culvering.
• * 1.156

  Chambers fired.
• * 1.157

  Murthering Chain-shot.
• * 1.158

  Ogresses or Pellets.
• * 1.159

  A Swepe char∣ged with a Stone.
• * 1.160

  Battering rams.
• * 1.161

  A Crosse-bow bent.
• * 1.162

  Three Swords.
• * 1.163

  Three Swords in pale.
• * 1.164

  Three Swords their points towards the Dexter.
• * 1.165

  Captain Tho∣mas Philipott a valiant Gen∣tleman.
• * 1.166

  A Cheuron between three Spears heads.
• * 1.167

  Alphabet. L. 1.
• * 1.168

  Ordin. Stat. and Rules of Joh. Lord Tiptoft Earle of Worc. const. of England, da∣ted 29 Maii 6•• Edward 4.
• * 1.169

  Three scaling Ladders.
• * 1.170

  Three Esco∣cheons.
• * 1.171

  Three Esco∣cheons Barrey.
• * 1.172

  A close Hel∣met.
• * 1.173

  Three Hel∣••ets with ••heir bevers ••pen.
• * 1.174

  The Morion now in use.
• * 1.175

  Three left Gauntlets Panormitan.
• * 1.176

  Baron le De∣spencer and Burghurst.
• * 1.177

  Honour and Armes, pag. 73. M. S. Lordre & for∣me de la Ba∣taille devant le Connestable & marschall Gloss. Dom. Hen. Spelman.
• * 1.178

  Three Saddles.
• * 1.179

  Three Horse-shooes on a Bend.
• * 1.180

  A barded Horse.
• * 1.181

  A Chevalier Armed at All points.
• * 1.182

  Keckerm. Ele∣ment. Geome. p. 123.
• * 1.183

  A Fusill accor∣ding to Chassa. pars 1. Conclu∣sio 75.
• * 1.184

  A Losenge how it differs from a Fusill.
• * 1.185

  Azure, three Losenges, Or. This is Free∣mans Coat.