A display of heraldrie

Nihil est inventum & perfectum simul.

THis first Section sheweth the Originall, be∣ginning, and universality, diverse denomina∣tions, composition and voluntary assumption of Armes and Ensigns; the originall discipline of them, the Equivocation of the Latine word Arma, and in what sense the same is to be understood and taken, the necessity and use of Armes and Ensigns; when and by whom they were first given for remunerations: their Sympathie with their Bearers, and their confor∣mities with names; their Definition, Distribution, Bla∣zon, Accidents, and Parts; their Diminutions or Abate∣ments; together with many Precepts, Rules and Obser∣vations, as well generall as particular, pertaining to blazon.

The Table of the First Section.

The skill of Armory consisteth in

• Blazo∣ning, wherein must be conside∣red,
  • Accidents, which are both
    • Tincture, which consist∣ed of
      • Colours, which are either
        • Generall, As when things are borne in their naturall colours:
        • and Speciall,
          • Single, As white and black.
          • and Mixt,
            • Exactly compounded of white and black, as Red. or
            • Declining more to the one than to the other, with red, as Yellow, Sanguine, Purpure, &c.
      • and Furres which consist either of
        • One colour, namely white, which is the Livits skin or furre.
        • or More than one,
          • Two onely which are ei∣ther
            • with black, as
              • Black with white,
                • Ermine, which is black upon white.
                • Ermines, white upon black.
              • or Black with yellow,
                • Ermynoys, black upon yellow, and
                • Pean, Yellow upon Black.
            • or with∣out black, as
              • Verrey, which is composed of white and blue, or of blue and white.
              • Which is Green with Yellow, or Yellow with Green.
          • or More than two,
            • Ermynytes, differing from Ermyne by a red haire added to each side of the spots.
            • and Vayre, which is of all colours, except Blue and Green.
    • and Differences, which are both
      • Ancient, As Bordures of all sorts.
      • And Moderne, as Files, Cressants, Mullets, Martlets, Annulets.
  • and Parts which are the
    • Esco∣cheon; wherein we must observe the
      • Acci∣dents, viz.
        • Points, of which some are
          • Middle, as the Fesse, Honour, and Nombrill Points.
          • Remote
            • Supe∣rior,
              • Exact Middle point of the chief, and the two extremes thereof, viz. the Dexter and Sinister chief Points.
            • and Infe∣rior,
              • Precise Middle Point of the Base of the Escocheon, and the two Extremes thereof, scil. the Dexter and Sinister Base Points.
        • and Rebate∣ments which consist in
          • Diminu∣tion, which are pla∣ced
            • On the middle point, as the Delfe and the Inescocheon reversed.
            • or Else∣where, and do occupy
              • Some one of the other points alone, as the Dexter point parted.
              • or More Points than one viz.
                • Four, as a point in a point.
                • or Fewer points than 4.
                  • Three, as Point Cham∣pain, Point Plain, & Gore Si∣nister.
                  • or Two, as a Gusset Dexter and Sini∣ster.
          • and Reversing, which is a transposing or turn∣ing upside down of the whole Esco∣cheon.
      • and Kinds, whereof see the Table of the se∣cond Section.
    • and Ornaments without the Escocheon, whereof see in the Table of the sixth Section.
• and Marshal∣ling, whereof hereafter in the sixth Se∣ction.

A DISPLAY OF HERALDRY. SECT. I. CHAP. I.

WHosoever shall addresse himself to write of matters of Instruction, or of any other Argument of importance, it behoveth, that before he enter thereinto, he should resolutely determine with himself, in what order he will handle the same: So shall he best accomplish that he hath undertaken, and inform the understand∣ing, and help the memory of the Reader. For so doth Chassaneus admonish us, saying:* 1.1 Priusquam ad scientiam perveniatur, honum est, modum praescribere docendi & ordinem, quia per ordinem res intellectae magis delectant animos, mentes nutriunt, sensus magis illuminant, & memoriam reddunt clariorem. Such order and course of writing doth also procure in the reader a facility of apprehension, as Erasmus noteth, saying; Facilius discimus quae congruo dicuntur ordine, quam quae sparsim & confusim.

What Order is, S. Augustine doth inform us, saying,* 1.2 Ordo est parium dispari∣umque rerum distributio. This order is twofold; the one of Nature, the other of Discipline: The order of Nature (as Doctor Casius noteth) is a progressi∣on from simples to things compound: contrariwise, the order of Discipline is a proceeding from things compound to simples. As touching the order that I have prefixed to my self in this Display of Heraldry, you shall under∣stand, that forasmuch as the handling of one of these alone, sufficeth not to the effecting of my intended Method, I must of force make use of them both in some sort according to their distinct kinds.* 1.3 Wherein albeit the order of Nature in right should have the precedence, as the more worthy, quia Natura regitur ab intelligentia non errante: nevertheless, in regard my principal pur∣pose tendeth to the prescribing of a form of Discipline, whereunto these to∣kens which we call Arms must be reduced, and therein to manifest rather their location than their generation, their use than their essence, their sha∣dow than their substance; I am constrained to prefer the latter (which ser∣veth

directly for my purpose) before the former, which tendeth thereto but collaterally: whose dignity notwithstanding I purpose regardfully to observe, when I shall come to the distribution of things Naturall in their proper places.

* 1.4But before I enter my Method, I hold it expedient (though I do some∣what digress) by way of introduction to the better conceiving and under∣standing of that which shall be herein handled, briefly to offer to the con∣sideration of the judicious Reader, some few things of necessary note, touching the Subject of this Work: Such are those ensigns or marks which we call Arms in English,* 1.5 and in Latine, Arma; which being a word of equi∣vocation or ambiguity, needeth some explication; Digredi enim quand••{que} licet ex causa, non autem divagari: for so it is very requisite, to the end it may be certainly known in what sense this word is to be here taken, quia discenti ponenda sunt vera & certa.

* 1.6It is therefore to be observed that this word Arma in Latine is sometimes taken for very naturall instruments, and in this sense doth Doctor Casius use the same, where he saith, Arma belluis natura dedit, ut Leoni dentes, Ser∣penti aculeum,* 1.7 &c. Sometimes it is taken for all manner of instruments per∣taining to Mechanicall Trades, as Arma Rusticorum, Rastra, Ligones, & hujus∣modi. Also Arma Coquinaria, lebes, patella, tripus, ol••a, &c. And Virg. Aeneid. 5. speaking of the necessaries pertaining to shipping, saith,

Colligere arma jubet, validisque incumbere remis.

* 1.8Sometimes it is taken for all sorts of warlike instruments; and in this sense doth Doctor Casius take it, saying, At hominibus arma indùstria finxit, eoque finxit, ut pro imperio rationis eis uteretur. But this word Arma here meant is not understood in any of these significations, but must be taken in a meta∣phoricall sense,* 1.9 for that they do assume a borrowed name (by way of figure called Metonymia subjecti) from the Shields, Targets, Banners, Military Cas∣socks, and other Martiall Instruments, whereupon they were ingraven, em∣bossed, embroidered or depicted: which kinds of furnitures and habili∣ments are peculiar unto martiall men, and professed souldiers, to whom onely it pertaineth to bear Armour; which even at this day we do usu∣ally call by the name of Arms. And of them in Process of time did these en∣signs or marks receive their denomination, and were called Arma, in En∣glish Arms, as Abra. Fra. noteth, saying, Arma appellantur, quod olim solis mi∣litibus data fuerunt, qui arma gerere solent. Nam cum ista sit gloria armis, ut in∣strumentis comparata, placuit ipsam quoque mercedem arma appellare.

Claudius Fauchet saith, that Arms have their appellation or denomination, be∣cause Military men bare their devices, or Inventions depicted upon their Coat-Armours, and in and upon their shields: Claudius Fauchet.

Arms were called Symbola, which signifieth signs, tokens, or marks, given in time of hostility, or of Civill Tumults, by Captains to their Souldiers, or by the authors of Rebellion to their pernicious associates and confederates, for distinguishing of particular persons, as well among themselves, as from their Enemies; for the better avoiding of such inconveniencies (as I shall presently shew when I come to speak of them, and use of Arms.)

These Armoriall notes (so much in use with us at this day) are oftentimes called Insignia, which name, as Aldronandus supposeth, proceeded of the bar∣renness of the Latine tongue, his words are these, Insignium nomen ex linguae Latinae videtur fluxisse inopia; & certe vix alium vocabulum huc magis quadrat quod haec praecipue virtutis & gentilitatis sive nota sive signum sit.

How far the extent of this word Insignia, or Ensignes, doth dilate it self, we may perceive by this, that it compriseth generally all Signes, Markes, and Tokens of honour, due to well-deserving persons, either in respect of their Government, Learning, Wisdome, Magnanimity, &c. These albeit they have no government annexed to them, yet have they in them much honour and estimation, as were those Pontificall Ornaments, and Ensigns, wherewith Simeon the high Priest was adorned and furnished at such time as he went to meet Alexander, by means whereof his fury was appeased. In the like sort did Pope Leo attire himself when he went to meet Attylia the Scythian Prince; who having subdued the Country of Hungary, and destroy∣ed Aqui leia in Italy, came forwards to Rome with like intent. So also did Pope Benedict mitigate the fury of Totila, as if there lurked some secret force and majesty in the very Ornaments and Ensigns.

Of the number of these Ensigns, are those notes, marks and shapes of Animals, that martiall men used to adorne the Crests of their Helmets with∣all, to make themselves more eminent in the field: and to the end there might be better notice taken of their valorous actions when they encoun∣tered their enemies in Battell: or should draw on their forces to fight. Whereof we shall have cause to speak hereafter in place more convenient, when we shall come to treat of them particularly.

The use of these was yet extended farther than the adorning of Shields and Helmets onely: For Ships also, and other Navigable Vessels, were also garnished and beautified in their fore-decks, yea, and that in very ancient time, for the distinguishing of one ship from another; as we may see, Acts 28.11. Where Paul saith, he went in a Ship whose badge was Castor and Pol∣lux. Also the fore-deck of Europa that was carryed away, had a form of a Bull painted thereon, which gave occasion to the Fable: That a Bull had stollen away Europa. Neither did the Ancients onely use this, but it hath been a received custom in all Ages sithence, and yet continued with us un∣to this day. Hereof it cometh that we give the Ships the names of the things that are depicted upon them, as the Bull, Bear, Lyon, Tygar, &c.

Arms then as they are here meant, according to their originall and first use, may be thus defined: Arms are tokens or resemblances signifying some act or quality of the Bearer. Or thus, These Signs called Arms are nothing else but Demonstrations and Testimonies of Nobility, and of Worthy prowes∣full exploits performed in Martiall services, especially if they be ancient, and bestowed by a Noble and renowned Prince: and this is according to their use in the time of Alexander the Great, and since untill of later times:* 1.10 But according to their modern (I mean since the time of Charles the fourth) and present use, Arms may be said to be Hieroglyphicall, or Enigmaticall Symboles or Signs, testifying and▪ demonstrating the Nobility or Gentry, ac∣quired by the vertue and good service performed by their Bearer or some of his Ancestors, either in martiall exploits abroad; or by their learning and wisdom which they attained to, by spending their bodies and spirits in continuall study, to make themselves fit for the patronage and defence of the Weal-publick at home.

How great the dignity and estimation of Arms ever hath been, and yet is, we may easily conceive by this, that they do delight the beholders, and greatly grace and beautifie the places wherin they are erected; so also they do occasion their spectators to make serious inquisition, whose they are, who is the owner of the house wherein they are set up, of what family their

Bearer is descended; and who were his next, and who is his remote pa∣rents or ancestors.

* 1.11It is very probable that these Signs, which we call Arms, at this day, how∣soever in former Ages they have been named (whether Emblems or Pictures graven, painted or embossed, or notes representing some secret or hidden Mystery; as Hieroglyphicks, or Enigmaticall, or hidden conceits) they were externall notes of the inward disposition of the mind, manifesting in some sort the naturall qualities of their Bearers, yet so as they were hidden from the vulgar sort, and known to the judicious, onely experimented in the knowledge of the naturall vertues and dispositions of bodies Celestiall, of A∣nimals and of Vegetables, &c.

* 1.12These in their begining and first institution, were not bestowed upon vul∣gar persons, neither were their intendments fitted for common capacity, but such as were extracted out of the bowels, & very intrals of nature, and were neither obscure to the learned, nor over-familiar to the common sort.

* 1.13Between Arms and Names there is a certain conformity, so that as it is a thing unlawfull for a man (but upon great occasion) to change his name; Sic neque arma (saith Chass.) mutare licet, nisi magna & honorifica causa acces∣serit; and another saith, A nominibus ad arma bonum deducitur Argumentum.

There are sometimes Arms borne that may seem to have been devised (in their first institution) according to the Sirnames of the Bearers, as a Bear for Ʋrsonne, three Castles for Castleton, three Conies for Conesby, &c. Whether these be either better or more ancient than other Arms, it is a question of more difficulty to be resolved, than commodious if it were known.

If there were two distinct families of one Sirname, yet bearing severall Coat-Armours, it is no consequence that they are originally issued from the same Ancestors; for their agreement of their Sirnames may be said to be a probability, but yet it is no proof that they are both extracted from the same Ancestors, unlesse there be withall a resemblance of their Coat-Armours, which are the expresse notes of distinction.

In case where there are two families, diverse in name, and issued from severall parents; and both of them do bear one and the selfesame Coat-Armour, and the name of one of them is agreeable to the Coat-Armour, and the other dissonant from the same; The same being in question, to whe∣ther of them this Coat doth properly appertain: it may be probably con∣jectured, that he is interessed in the Coat-Armour whose appellation is a∣greeable therewith; rather than his, whose name hath no conformity with it. For names were instituted for differencing of each person from other severally, according to the saying, Sicut nomina inventa sunt ad cognoscendos homines: Ita Arma & insignia ad recognoscendum homines sunt inventa.

If two men of severall Families shall bear one Coat-Armour, and have their abode in one Country or Territory; and one of them can produce no more proof, why he doth arrogate the propriety thereof, than the other can: In such case the cause shall be questioned before the Soveraign, or be∣fore such as do from him derive their authority, for the hearing, exami∣ning and determining cases of this nature; Otherwise if either of them can prove that his Ancestors received the same of the Kings gift, as a remune∣ration for service done, the Arms shall be adjudged to be his.

* 1.14Also there is between these Arms and their Bearers, a kind of Sympathy or naturall participation of qualities, in so much as who so dishonourably or unreverently useth the Arms of any man, seemeth to have offered indigni∣ty

to the person of their Bearer (so according to some Authors) their owner shall right himself against such an offender, or wrong-doer, Actione injuriarum.

As touching the antiquity of these signs which we call Arms,* 1.15 Diodorus Siculus maketh mention, that Osyris surnamed Jupiter the just, son to Cham the cursed son of Noah, called of the Gentiles Janus, being banished from the blessed Tents of Shem and Japhet; by reason of the curse fallen upon his father, was constrained to seek some remote place wherein he might settle himself, his children, and people: for which purpose he assembled a great army, and appointed Hercules his eldest son Captain. And in this so ancient an expedition of wars, as well Osyris himself, as Hercules, Macedon, and Annu∣bis his sons, and others, did paint certain signs upon their shields, bucklers, and other weapons; which signs were after called Arms: As for example, Osy∣ris bare a Scepter royall, insigned on the top with an Eye: Hercules a Lyon rampant holding a Battle-axe: Macedon a Wolf, and Annubis a Dog. And we find in Homer and in Virgil, that the Heroes had their signs or marks, where∣by their persons were distinctly known, and discerned in Battell, as well as their Kings and commons had their publick Ensigns: For the Athenians bare the Owle; The Persians an Ancher or Sagitary stamped in their coynes: The Romans bare an Eagle, Minotaure, and sundry other shapes, which (according to Pliny) they bare in Battell unto the time of Marius, who bare in his En∣sign an Eagle, Argent: figured and embossed, Sus une haute longue, as may be seen in ancient Medals, and chiefly in which is found this word, Allocutio.

Paulus Emilius saith, That anciently the French Kings did beare, Argent,* 1.16 three Diadems, Gules. Others say, they bare three Toads, Sable, in a field, Vert, alias Sinople, which cannot be good Armory, as the Masters of that Mystery do hold, because of Colour upon Colour.

Whence they received those Arms it is not certainly known, unless they had them from the Romans.

But their opinion is more probable who by the Blazon of the Shield of France, would shew that the first Frankes consist of Sicum'bri (a people of Germany, inhabiting the Marches of Frizeland, towards Holland, Zeland and Gelderland) gave unto them, Azure, which resembleth the water (which be∣ing calme, representeth the colours of the Heavens) and therein three flower de Lis, Or, which do grow plentifully in those Marches, and do flourish in May and June.

Others affirme, that the same was sent by an Angell from Heaven to Clo∣vis, the first Christian King of France.

But Gregory of Towers in his History mentioned no such thing, neither doth it appear that they bear those Arms before the time of King Pippine, but after the time of Lewis Le Crosse: at which time it seemeth that Armories began to become hereditary, and were transferred from Father to Son in each Family.

In the first assumption of these Signs, every man did take to himself some such Beast, Bird, Fish, Serpent, or other creature as he thought best fitting his estate, or whose nature and quality did in some sort quadrate with his own, or whereunto himself was in some respect in quality like or wished to be resembled unto. Ex iis quibus quisque maxime delectatur qualis etiam sit ipse cognoscitur. The reason is, for that no man is delighted but with things that are like himself. Therefore wherein any man is specially delighted, himself also is found to be in quality much like unto them.

Zanchius de immortalitate Animarum 133. Whereof it cometh that our souls, albeit they are naturally delighted with things that please, and de∣light the Externall senses, yet shall we find that by how much the mind is more generous and noble, by so much the more doth it apprehend a more solid delight in things pertaining to the inward faculties, than in such as pertain to the exteriour senses; As we may see in those Arts wherein the Phantasie is chiefly exercised: whereby they receive a greater contentment of things pertaining to the mind, that is to say, as well Morall, as Naturall, and Supernaturall Philosophy. For like as our exterior senses are delighted with corporall, and corruptible things, so in like manner are our minds affected to things Spirituall and eternall, and are wonderfully delighted in them, by reason of the Sympathy of their naturall qualities. Similitudo non currit quatuor pedibus (ut aiunt in Scholis) Many things may be like, yet no∣thing like in all points or respects.

* 1.17As their institution is not new, but very ancient, derived almost from the beginning of the World, so their use was not limited, or restrained to some few particular Nations, Kingdoms and Countries, but most largely spread all the World over, in so much, as there is no Nation, Country or people, so savage or barbarous, but that they have their particular Signs, whereby they may particularly and distinctly be known and discerned from others. As in Example.

The Nati∣ons of the

• ...Israelites
• ...Scythians
• ...Egyptians
• ...Phrygians
• ...Thracians
• ...Romans
• ...Persians

bare for their Ensigns

• The Hebrew letter Tau,
• A Thunderbolt,
• An Oxe.
• A Swine.
• ...Mars.
• An Eagle.
• Bow, and Arrowes.

Corali a Savage people of Pontus, bare two Wheeles.

* 1.18And Plutarch in the life of Marius saith, That the Cymbrians, a people in∣habiting the parts of Denmark, Norway, and the Almaynes, which in those dayes were cruell, and barbarous, neverthelesse had their Shields adorned with the forms and shapes of savage and cruell beasts, as also their Targets and other Military Instruments suted accordingly, and that in such multi∣tudes, and in such glorious and glistering manner, that they dazeled the eyes of the beholders.

* 1.19Neither were these Signs peculiarly restrained unto Nations, Countries, and Provinces, but they were so universall, as that there were no Tribe, par∣ticular person or family, but had their Armoriall Signs, or Notes, whereby they were not onely distinctly known and discerned from other forrain Tribes and Families, but also apparently discerned (amongst themselves) one from another, by means of interposition of some minute or small diffe∣rences, which after-comers were forced to devise for the preservation of Common peace and unity, when the multitude of Bearers (through long tract of time) encreased excessively.

* 1.20Achilles had his Shield beautifully adorned with great variety of things Celestiall, as the motion of the Sun, Moon, Stars, Planets, and other the Celestiall Spheres, the Scituation of the Earth, & the adjacent Islands, the Seas, with the ebbing and flowing thereof, &c. wherof I shall have better occasion offered to speak more at large hereafter. Also Amphiaraus (as Pindarus the Theban Poet affirmeth) in his expedition to Thebes, bare in his Shield, a painted Dragon.

Capaneus one of the seven Captains that besieged Thebes, bare the manifold headed Hydra, that Hercules fought withall, as Statius the Neapolitan Poet re∣porteth. Polynices a Sphinx. Agamemnon in the Trojan Wars bare in his Shield a Lyon, with this Epigram, Terror hic est hominum, & qui hunc gerit est Aga∣memnon.

Ʋlysses bare a Dolphin, and a Typhon breathing out flames of fire:* 1.21 Perseus Medusaes head: Antiochus a Lyon, with a white wand: Theseus an Oxe: Seleucus a Bull, Augustus a Sphynx, with infinite others which I purposely over-pass.

These signs or tokens were in their first production rough-hewen (as I may term them) and rude, as also those other notes or signs that we now call Badges or Cognizances: so as they may be said to have been rather painted Emblems, than exquisite tokens of honour, or absolute signs or badges: in the time of their first Institution they received divers denominations, As Signs, Ensigns, Tokens, Marks, Cognizances, &c. But when in after-Ages, they had been polished and refined, then were these Tokens or Signs,* 1.22 that had been formerly (after a rude fashion) handled together, more carefully distinguished, so as those which we now call Crests or Cognizances, worne upon the Helmets of Military persons in the field, were distinctly known from those that were borne in Shields and Targets, which we now call Arms in English, and in Latine Arma. Men of ancient times devised, and invented many things ingeniously, and with great care and consideration, but fini∣shed them not, but recommended them to posterity, to be by them brought to perfection, according to that saying, Invenit antiquitas, posteri perfecerunt; neither doth this derogate ought from the studious, and Industry of the an∣cient, neither is this any indignity unto them; Non erubescat antiquitas (saith Chassaneus) si quid melius horum quae ipsa tradidit, Novitas adinvenit: for no∣thing is devised and perfected at an instant, but it is continuance of time, and much labour and industry that brings it to perfection.

These Signs, Marks, Notes, Ensigns or whatsoever else you please to name them, are not all of one sort, for some of them may be applyed to peace, and others to military use; and of each of these there are divers kinds or sorts: For some of them are expresse notes of government and authority or jurisdiction, others have no authority at all annexed to them.

Like as there is an absolute authority or jurisdiction royall, free from all limitation, and another said to be a mixt government; yea, and that as well in civill policy, as in Ecclesiasticall jurisdiction: so are also the ensigns seve∣rall, as well those that pertain to the City, or Common-wealth, as also those that belong to Ecclesiasticall government.

Those Ensigns that are remote or exempted from government and au∣thority are diverse, according to the diversity of conceits of the first insti∣tutors or devisers of them. For some of them are in manner Vulgar, and Common, and such as may fall to the lot of a person of mean condition: others again of more subtile and deep invention; exquisite, beautifull and honorable, and are remunerations or rewards of some noble exploits, of meer Divine wits, or of some rare or excellent vertue, as a recompense of memorable and worthy deserts.

I know some are of opinion that these tokens or signs,* 1.23 which we do call Arms, were utterly unknown to the ancient Greeks and Romans; and their memory not to be found with their Nations: They do confesse that the Romans did make the same use of their Images that we do at this day by our Arms, viz. to produce them for testimonies of their generous race.

* 1.24Some other are of opinion, that they were excogitated and brought in use by Charles the Great, and the Lombards, and some again do suppose, they began in the time of Frederick Barbarossa, but the contrary appeareth by Authenticall proof, as I have even now shewed: well may their opinion stand with reason, that do hold, that the discipline of Arms in the reign (or rather) during the imperiall government of Theodosius, and in the time of Charles the Great, was brought to some kind of perfection, and withall more generally propagated and dispersed, according to that saying of Abra. Franc. Corolo potentissimo Imperante haec & distinctius explicata fuisse, & fre∣quentius usurpata elucessit.

The principall end for which these signs were first taken up, and put in use, was, that they might serve for notes and marks to distinguish tribes, fa∣milies and particular person, each from other: but this was not their onely use, for that they served also to notifie, to the ingenious beholder of them, (after some sort) the naturall quality, and disposition of their Bearers; and so behovefull was this invention thought to be, and their use so reasonable as that they have been entertained of all succeeding posterities, among all Nations, and continued (even to this day) without any immutation or alte∣ration of their primary institution. These Armoriall Ensigns thus ingeniously devised had a further use; for they served also for the more commodious distribution of Nations, Tribes, and Families, into Regiments and Bands; as also for assembling, conducting, and governing of them in martiall expe∣ditions, and distinguishing (as I have shewed) of particular persons in wars, as well amongst themselves as from their enemies; because it often falleth out by reason of the likenesse of Armour and Weapons, of Disclipine of War, and of Language and Voice (in default of such signs) that much trea∣chery is wrought, and many men after battell or skirmish do make their retreat to the troops of the Enemy, to the danger of their surprise, or losse of life: So then it is clear that this is one use of these Notes, or Marks of di∣stinction called Arms, that if a man shall meet and encounter us, we do forth∣with discover by the note or mark that he beareth, whether he be friend or enemy; and for some of those uses and ends which I have formerly shew∣ed, These Armoriall Ensigns have received approbation in the highest de∣gree, even from the mouth of God himself (who, when he prescribed unto Moses and Aaron a form of ordering and conducting the Israelites in their passage towards the Land of the promise, did expresly command the use of Armoriall signs, saying, Filii Israelis quisquis juxta vexillum suum cum signis secundum domum Majorum suorum castra habento:) which order he required to be observed, not onely in the conduction of them in their journey, but also in the pitching and raising of their Camp.

In which precept we may observe, that God maketh mention of two sorts of Ensigns; the one generall, the other particular; and that these lat∣ter were no lesse needfull than the former; for the orderly governing and conducting of so huge and populous a multitude as the Israelites were, in a journey so long, and withall subject to infinite dangers. The first sort of these Ensigns, God calleth Vexilla, that is to say, Standards or Banners, which served for the conduction of their severall Regiments. For the Israelites consisted of twelve Tribes which were divided into four Regiments; that is, to wit, three Tribes to each Regiment, of which every one had a parti∣cular Standard, which as they differed in colour one from another, so did they doubtlesse comprehend in them severall and distinct forms.

Here may arise a twofold question concerning these Standards before mentioned; the one, what colour each of them were? the other,* 1.25 what forms and shapes were depicted in them? As to the colour, Lyra upon the second of Numbers, saith, Qualia sunt ista vexilla in Textu non habetur,* 1.26 sed d••c••nta∣liqui Hebraei quod vexillum cujuslibet Tribus, erat similis colori lapidis positi in rationali, in quo inscriptum erat nomen ipsius Reuben, & sic de aliis.

And as to their severall forms,* 1.27 Martinus Borhaus in his Commentary up∣on the same place, hath this saying, Tradunt veteres in Rubenis vexillo Man∣doragoram depictam fuisse, quam ille in agro collectam matri Liae atiu••erat: In Jehudae Leonem, cui illum benedicendo pater Jacobus contulerat. In Ephraim vexillo, Bovis species. In Danis vexillo, serpentis Imago, qui serpenti & colubro a Jacobo comparatus erat, fiat Dan coluber in via. And in conclusion he saith, Sit fides penes Authores.

This sort of Ensigne according to Calepine, is called, Vexillum quasi par∣vum velum, & accipitur (saith he) pro signo quo in exercitu vel classe Imperatores utuntur. The use of these Standards doe consist herein, that they being borne aloft upon a long pole or staffe apparant to every mans view, the Souldi∣ers may be thereby directed (upon all occasions of service) and by the sight of them may be dissevered and united at all times, as the necessity of the service shall require. Of this use, Lyra upon the second of Numbers saith, Vexilla in perticis elevantur,* 1.28 ut ad eorum aspectum bellatores dividantur & uni∣antur: For like as a Ship is guided in the surging Seas by the Sterne or Ruther, even so are the Souldiers ordered in their Martiall exploits by their Standard or Ensigne.

The other sorts of Ensignes,* 1.29 God calleth Signa secundum domum Majorum suo••um: whereby is meant (if I be not deceived) the particular Ensignes or Tok••ns of each particular Family, and of the particular persons of each Fa∣mily. For so doe I understand that exposition of Lyra upon the same place,* 1.30 Signa propria sunt in vestibus & scutis, quibus bellatores mutuo se cognoscunt, & suos ab Adversariis distinguun••.

But here we must put a difference between these words, Arma & Insig∣nia, and we must seperate those things that are proper to Armes from such as pertain to Ensign••s.

Armes therefore being taken in the largest sense (as I have hitherto in this Discourse used the word) may be said to be either Publick or Pri∣vate.

Such are said to be publick Armes, as have some Soveraign Authority or Jurisdiction annexed to them.

Of the first sort are such Armes as are borne by Emperours, Kings, and absolute Princes, and free Estates, having Soveraign authority and power within their severall Empires, and Kingdoms, and Territories. These in pro∣priety of speech cannot be aptly said to be the Armes of their Stock or Family, whereof they are descended, but doe rather represent the nature of Ensignes than of Armes, in regard of the publick authority to them an∣nexed; As also in respect that whosoever shall succeed them in those su∣pream governments shall bear the same Armes as the expresse notes and testimonies of such their severall jurisdictions, though they be extracted from Aliens, or forrain Families. For so neither is the Eagle the peculiar Armes of the house of Austria, nor the Lions of the Family of Plantagenet, nor the Flowers de Lis of the house of Valoys. And these Armes or Ensignes may no man else bear, or yet mark his goods withall, unlesse it be that in

token of loyalty he will set up the Kings Armes in his house, and place his own Armes underneath. And there are certain Ensignes of dignity and office which every man having the same dignity or office may lawfully bear as the Ensignes of a Proconsull, the Ensignes of a Bishop. And these are peculiar to those onely that have the exercising of such dignity or office, if any other shall usurp the bearing or use of them, he incurreth the crime of forgery. Private Armes are such as are proper to private Persons, whether they be numbred in ranck of the greater Nobility, as Dukes, Marquesses, Earles, Vis∣counts and Barons, having no Soveraign or absolute power: or of the lesser Nobility or Gentry, Knights, Esquires and Gentlemen; neither yet are they Ensignes of any ordinary dignity, but peculiar to their Family, and may be infinitely transferred to their posterity.

For Armes or Armoriall tokens, pertaining to some particular Family, doe descend to every peculiar person extracted from the same Agnation, whether they be heirs to their father or Grandfather, or not. Sometimes the Bearers of these do so greatly multiply, as that they are constrained for distinction sake, to annex some apposition over and above their paternall Coat to them descended, for differencing the persons. Quod licitum est, si∣cut nomini addere praenomen, which they may no lesse lawfully doe, than to adde a Christian name to a Surname, to distinguish two Children issu∣ed from one parent.

These Armes are sometimes composed of naturall things, as of some kind of Celestiall bodies, viz. of the Sun, Moon, Stars, &c. Sometimes of four footed Beasts, or of Birds, or of Serpents, or of Fishes, or some other Reptiles, or else of some kind of Vegetables, as Trees, Shrubs, Flowers, Fruits, Leaves, &c. Or else of some solid things, as Castles, Towers, Mountains, &c. Or of things pertaining to Arts Liberall, or trades Mechanicall▪ &c. Some∣times again they are compact of none of these, but doe consist onely of the variations of simple Colours, counter-changed by occasion of trans∣verse, perpendicular, or whatsoever other Line used in Coat-Armour, whether the same be Streight, Crooked, Bunched, &c. Whereby passing through the Escocheon, either traverse, oblique, or direct, the colours be∣come transmuted, or counter-changed; of all which I have occasion to speak hereafter in their particular places.

* 1.31If question happen to arise touching the right of some desolate place, or ruinated building, if in digging up the ruines, or taking up of the founda∣tion thereof, there be found any known Coat-Armour; the questioned place shall be adjudged to appertain to that Family, to whom that Coat-Armour belongeth.

* 1.32If any man be attainted or convicted of Treason, for betraying his Coun∣try, or of Heresie, to the end he should be branded with a greater note of infamy, his Armes are rased, broken down and utterly defaced.

* 1.33Sometimes it falleth out that if a noble Family be extinguished by the death of the last of the same (deceasing without issue) whereby the bearing of the Armes proper to that Lineage is from thenceforth abo∣lished: The Armes are interred in the grave, together with the corps of the defunct.

* 1.34After long tract of time, these tokens which we call Armes became remunerations for service, and were bestowed by Emperours, Kings, and Princes, and their Generalls and chief Commanders in the field up∣on Martiall men, whose valorous merits (even in justice) required due

recompence of honour answerable unto their worthy acts, the remem∣brance whereof could not better be preserved and derived unto posteri∣ty, than by these kindes of honourable rewards. The first we read of, that made this use of them, was Alexander the Great, being moved thereunto by the perswasion of Aristotle his Schoole-master: who having observed his magnificent mind in rewarding his Souldiers to the full of their deserts, did at length prevaile with him so much, as that he caused him to turn the Current of his bounty another way, and to recompence his Souldiers with these markes, or tokens of honour; which he bestowed on them as hereditary testimonies of their glorious merits. In later Ages Charles the fourth the Emperour, gave Armes also unto learned men, and such as had performed any memorable service, or excellent work, therefore Bartholus, being a most expert man in the Lawes, and one of the Councell of the said Charles the fourth, received in reward for his Armes from the said Emperour, this Coat-Armour, viz. Or, a Lion rampant his taile forked, Gules, which afterward descended successively to his children and poste∣rity. But Bartholus (though he were a most singular and perfect Civilian) because he was unexperienced in Martiall discipline, durst not at first assume the bearing of those Armes: But afterwards upon better advise he bare them, knowing how unfit it was to refuse a reward given by so po∣tent an Emperour. And this was a noble institution of Charles the fourth, that not onely the skilfull professors of the Civill Lawes, but the learned proficients, and the judicious students, in other Arts and Professions, might receive remuneration for their vertues, Honos enim alit Artes, omnesque in∣cendun••ur ad studia gloria. Abr. Fra. pa. 76. And without all doubt there is great reason that Armes should be distributed unto men, renowned for their learning & wisdome, who with expence, even of their lives & spirits in continuall study, to enable themselves to be fit for to serve the Weal-publick at home, by magistracy, and civill government, wherein they may no lesse merit reward of their Prince at home, by their politick managing of civill affaires; than the Martiall man abroad, with his brandished slaughtering sword, sithence they oftentimes in their civill government, doe prescribe limits to Martiall affaires also, how farre they shall extend their power, according to that saying of Cicero; Offici. 1. Parva sunt foris Ar∣ma, nisi est consilium domi. And this is the cause that Armes are given for re∣muneration in later times, as well to learned and religious men, as to Mar∣tiall men; yet not so much for their valour, as for their wisdome, and to honour them withall, according to the saying of a certain Author, Arma dantur v••ris religiosis, non propter strenuitatem, sed propter honorem, quia hono∣rabile est Arma portare; ut Doctor in legibus vigin••i annis per legem Armo∣rum fiet miles, non tamen propter ejus strenuitatem, sed propter ejus digni∣tatem.

The examples of these two Great Potentates before mentioned in re∣munerating their well meriting Souldiers, faithfull servants, and vertuous and learned subjects, with these Signes, or Symbols called Armes, the one, viz. Alexander the Great, for service done in wars; The other, namely Charles the fourth, for politick managing of Civill affaires by learning and wisdome at home, have been immitated by divers Emperors, Kings, and Princes, of succeeding ages, using therein the ministery of the Office of Heralds; as subordinate officers thereunto appointed and authorized, re∣serving alwayes to themselves the supream Jurisdiction of judging and

remunerating persons according to their deserts; but using the ministery of the Heralds, as for sundry other uses of great importance in a State, so also for the inventing and devising of congruent tokens of honour, an∣swerable to the merits of those that shall receive the same: to doe which although there is a power seeming absolute, committed to them by the Soveraign, yet the same is restrained into a power ordinary, which is to devise with discretion Armes, correspondent to the desert of the person, that shall be thought worthy to have these honourable badges or tokens of honour bestowed upon him.

Now sithence we have had cause here in this Chapter to make menti∣on of a Herald, it shall not be amisse to shew what this word is, and his naturall signification.

Here-heaulte, by abbreviation (as Verstegan noteth) Herault, as also He∣rauld, doth rightly signifie the Champion of the Army; and growing to be a Name of Office, he that in the Army hath the speciall charge to de∣nounce Wars, or to challenge to Battell, or Combat: in which sense our name of Heraulte approacheth neerest to Fecialis in Latine.

SECT I. CHAP. II.

SO much of such notes as are necessary to be observed for the better understanding of these things that shall be hereafter delivered, touching the subject of this work. Now we proceed to the practick exercise of these Armoriall tokens, which pertain to the function of Heralds, and is termed Armory,* 1.35 and may be thus defined: Armory is an Art rightly prescribing the true knowledge and use of Armes.

Now like as in things naturall the effects doe evermore immediately en∣sue their causes, even so division which is a demonstration of the extent and power of things, must by immediate consequence follow definition, which doth express the nature of the thing defined. Division is a distribution of things common,* 1.36 into things particular or lesse common. The use thereof con∣sisteth herein, that by the assistance of this division, words of large intend∣ment and signification, are reduced to their definite and determinate sense and meaning, that so the mind of the learner be not misled through the ambiguity of words, either of manifold or uncertain interpretations. Moreover it serveth to illuminate the understanding of the learner, and to make him more capable of such things as are delivered, Ea enim quae di∣visim traduntur facilius intelliguntur.

The practise hereof shall be manifested in the distribution of the skill of Armory, with all the parts and complements thereof throughout this whole work.

* 1.37This skill of Armo∣ry consisteth of

• Blazoning, and
• ...Marshalling.

Albeit I doe here make mention of the Marshalling, or conjoyning of di∣verse Armes in one Shield, or Escocheon; nevertheless, sithence it is far be∣sides my purpose, (for the present to have further to doe with them, (in this place) than onely to nominate them, for distributions sake) I will re∣serve this kind, of Marshalling, or conjoyning of the Armes of distinct Fa∣milies in one Escocheon, unto a more convenient time and place, peculiarly destinated to that purpose, and I will proceed to the explication of those

things which doe concern the first member of this distribution, viz. Bla∣zoning.

Blazon is taken,* 1.38 either strictly for an explication of Armes in apt and sig∣nificant terms, or else, it is taken largely for a display of the vertues of the Bearers of Armes: in which sense Chassaneus defineth the same in this manner, Blazonia est quasi alicujus vera laudatio sub quibusdam signis, secun∣dum prudentiam, justitiam, fortitudinem & temperantiam. A certain French Armorist saith, that to Blazon is to express what the shapes, kindes, and colour of things born in Armes are, together with their apt significations.

Like as definitions are forerunners of divisions,* 1.39 even so divisions also have precedence of rules. To speak properly of a rule: It may be said to be a∣ny straight or levell thing, whereby lines are drawn in a direct and even form. In resemblance whereof, we here understand it, to be a briefe pre∣cept or instruction for knowing or doing of things aright, as witnesseth Calepine, saying, Regula per translationem dicitur, brevis rerum praeceptio, that is to say, a compendious or ready instruction of matters.

Rules are taken for brief documents prescribed for the delivery, or ap∣prehension of some Art or Science, by these the wits and inventions of men are much comforted and quickened, according to that saying of Se∣neca, Ingenii vis praeceptis alitur & crescit, non aliter quam scintilla flatu levi adjuta, novasque persuasiones adjicit innatas, & depravatas corrigit. The force of wit is nourished and augmented by Rules or Precepts; like as a spark is kindled with a soft and gentle fire, and doe adde new inducements and perswasions to those that are already apprehended, and correcteth such as are depraved and vicious.

It followeth therefore, by due order of consequence,* 1.40 that I should annex such rules as are peculiar to blazon in genere. For other particular rules must be reserved to more proper places.

The aptest rules for this place, are these immediately following: In Bla∣zoning [Rule 1] you must use an advised deliberation before you enter thereunto, for having once begun, to recall the same, doth argue an unconsiderate forwardnesse meriting just reprehension.

The more compendious your Blazon is, by so much is it holden the more [Rule 2] commendable, Quia quod brevius est semper delectabilius habetur. Therefore you must shun multiplicity of impertinent words in your Blazon, Frustra enim fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora. But herein you must observe this Caution, that whilst you labour to be compendious, you omit no∣thing materiall or necessary to be expressed: for as the one doth eclipse the understanding, so the other is offensive to memory, as Aristotle noteth, saying, Omnis sermo, si sit brevior quam oportet, obscurat intellectum, si autem longior, difficile erit retentioni.

You must take speciall heed to words in Blazon, for a different form of [Rule 3] Blazoning maketh the Armes cease to be the same; Diversitas enim nomi∣nis inducet diversitatem rei, in tantum quod nomina sunt significativa rerum.

You must not be too full of conceits in Blazon, nor over-forward in [Rule 4] speech.

You must use no iteration or repetition of words, in Blazoning of one [Rule 5] Coat:

Especially of any of these four words, viz.

• ...Of.
• ...Or.
• ...And.
• ...With.

For the doubling of any of these, is counted a great fault, insomuch as the offender herein is deemed unworthy to Blazon a Coat-Armour.

[Rule 6] In Blazoning you must have regard of the things that are borne in Armes: as also whereunto they may be resembled, whether they be naturall or artificiall, and so to commend them accordingly.

[Rule 7] In the Blazoning of any Coat, you must evermore observe this speciall rule. First to begin with the Field, and then proceed to the blazon of the Charge, if any be. Moreover if the Field be occupied with sundry things, whether the same be of one or diverse kindes: you must first nominate that which lyeth next and immediately upon the Field, and then blazon that which is more remote from the same. What Field and Charge are, shall be shewed in their proper places; interim oportet discentem credere.

* 1.41Chassan••us holdeth, that where the Chiefe of an Escocheon is of one colour or metall, or more, you should blazon the chief first; but I hold it more consonant to reason, to begin with the Field (because of the priority there∣of in nature, as also in respect that it is the continent) rather than with the Charge, which is the thing contained, and so consequently last in nature. Nevertheless the French Armorists for the most part doe blazon the Charge first, and the Field after, which is a course meerly repugnant to nature: by whose prescript order, the place must have precedence of the thing placed, and the continent of the thing contained: wherefore our Heralds manner of blazon is more agreeable to reason than theirs. There be divers forms of blazon: A certain Dutchman who lived in the time of King Henry the fifth,* 1.42 used to blaze Armes by the principall parts of mans body, as Ab. Fra. writeth, pag. 63. Malorques a French man made use of flowers for this purpose: Faucon an English man, who lived in the time of King Ed∣ward the third, performed it by the dayes of the week; but in former times their predecessors used onely these three kinds following: first, or Metals and Colours, secondly, by precious Stones, and thirdly, by the the celestiall Planets. Out of which sundry forms, I have made choice of these three last which are most ancient and necessary, in respect that these above all other doe best fit my purpose; which is, to apply to each particular state of Gentry, a blazon correspondent. As for example, to Gentlemen having no title of dignity, blazon by Metals and colours: to persons ennoblished by the Soveraign, by precious Stones: and to Em∣perors, Monarchs, Kings and Princes, blazon by Planets.

[Rule 8] The two last of these three selected formes are not to be used in the blazoning of the Coat-Armours of Gentlemen that are not advanced to some degree of Nobility, unlesse they be rarely qualified, or of speciall desert.

These selected formes of blazon, doe seem to imply a necessity of their invention; to the end that as well by Blazon; as by degree, Noble men might be distinguished from Gentlemen; and persons of majesty, from those of noble linage, that so a due Decorum may be observed in each de∣gree, according to the dignity of their persons: for that it is a thing un∣fitting, either to handle a mean argument in a lofty stile, or a stately ar∣gument in a mean.

SECT. I. CHAP. III.

* 1.43SO much of the definition and generall rules of blazon. Now will I pro∣ceed to the distribution thereof.

The principall means of teaching, and the chief part of Method con∣sisteth in distinction, therefore in the explanation or unfolding of this fa∣brick of Armes or Armoriall signes, I will use some manifest kind of distri∣bution.

The blazon of Armes consisteth in their

• Accidents, and
• ...Parts.

I call those notes or marks, Accidents of Armes,* 1.44 that have no inherent qua∣lity or participation of the subsistence or Essence of them, but may be an∣nexed unto them, or taken from them, their substance still remaining; for so doth Porphyrius define the same, saying Accidens potest adesse & abesse sine subjecti interitu. Accidents may be said to be cousin germans to nothing: For so after a sort doth Aristotle reckon of them, saying, Accidens videtur esse propinquum non enti, Metaph. 6. For they have no being of themselves, but as they are in things of being, or annexed to them. As the same Au∣thor further noteth, Metaph. 7. Accidentia non sunt entia, nisi quia sunt entis.

Accidents and formes doe agree in this point, that both the one and the other of them being separated from the substance, yet is not the substance thereby altered from that it was, but remaineth still the same; which oc∣casioned many men to think that forms were accidents. These cannot al∣ter the matter or substance because they are not of the main, but come upon the by, as it were. Nihil enim transmutat materiam, nisi sit in materia.

Accidents are in the subject, as passio in patiente, according to that say∣ing, Accidens ut est in subjecto, non idem est in subjecto, sed ut est passio ejus, est sibi idem.

Such accidents as are here meant are these, viz.

• Tincture, and
• ...Differences.

Tincture is a variable hew of Armes,* 1.45 and is common as well to Differen∣ces of Armes, as to the Armes themselves.

And the same is di∣stributed into

• Colours, and
• ...Furres.

Colour, may be said to be an externall die,* 1.46 wherewith any thing is co∣loured or stained, or else it may be said to be the glosse of a body beauti∣fied with light.

And the colour here mentioned is both

• Generall, and
• ...Speciall.

By generall Colour,* 1.47 I understand the proper and naturall colour of each particular thing, whether the same be Naturall or Artificiall, of what kind soever that are depicted and set forth in their externall and proper beau∣ty. In this respect all colours whatsoever (without exception) may seem to pertain to this Art, for so much as there is nothing in this world sub∣jected to the sight of man, but either is, or aptly may be borne in Armes; so spacious and generall is the scope of Armory. In blazoning of things borne in their naturall or proper colour,* 1.48 you shall onely term them to be borne proper, which is a blazon sufficient for things of that kind, and well fitting their property or nature, for there are no terms of blazon al∣lowed to things borne after that sort.

By speciall colours, I mean such colours,* 1.49 as by a certain peculiar pro∣priety (as it were) doe belong to this Art of Armory.

These are both

• Simple, and
• ...Mixt.

Simple colours are those,* 1.50 whose existence is of such absolute perfection

(in their kind) as that they need not the participation of any other co∣lour to make them absolute, but doe communicate their naturall quali∣ties to all other colours, to make them perfect, in which respect they are called elementa coloris, as shall be shewed hereafter.

And those are

• White, and
• ...Black.

* 1.51To these in right belongeth the first place amongst colours, because in the order of nature they were before all other colours: Priora enim sunt compositis incomposita: and are of A••ist••••l•• called Elementa colorum, saying, Albus & niger sunt elementa colorum mediorum. Onely White and Black are accounted simple colours, b••cause all other colours whatsoever are rai∣sed either of an equall or unequall mixture or composition of these two, which are (as I may term them) their common parents. These are said to be the common parents of all other colours, in respect they have their ori∣ginall being from these, either in an equall or disproportionable mixture. Therefore I will begin with them, and so proceed to the rest that we call colores Medii, in respect of their participation of both. Now forasmuch as practise is the scope of Doctrines, (to the end those things that are, or shall be delivered, may be the better conceived or borne in memory) I have thought good to manifest them by particular examples of ocular demon∣stration, in the plainest manner that I can devise, Quia qua••is est rerum de∣monstratio, talis futura est hominum scientia.

Examples and demonstrations are of great power and efficacie to illu∣strate and bring things to light, wherein brevity, the prop and aide of me∣mory and sweet companion of facility, is higly commended, as Farnesius noteth, saying, Nihil est ad res illuminandas illustrius exemplis, in quibus bre∣vitas adjutrix memoriae, facilitatis socia, semper est commendata.

* 1.52

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

White is a colour that consisteth of very much light; as it is of Scrihoneus defined; Albedo est color simplex in corpore tenuiore multa lumin••sitate constans: to which black is contrary.* 1.53 Note, as colours may be resem∣bled to things of greatest Nobility or reputation, so is their worthiness accounted of accordingly.

* 1.54The colour White is resembled to the light, and the dignity thereof reckoned more worthy than the black, by how much the light and the day is of more esteem than darknesse and the night, where∣unto black is likened. Furthermore white is accounted more worthy than black,* 1.55 in respect of the more worthy use thereof. For men in ancient time were accustomed to note things well and laudably performed (and estee∣med worthy to be kept in memory) with white, and contrariwise what∣soever was holden reproachfull or dishonorable, was noted with black, as the Poet noteth, saying,

Quae laudanda sorent, & quae culpanda vicissim, Illa prius creta, mox haec carbone notasti.

Moreover white challengeth the precedency of black (according to Ʋp∣ton) in respect of the priority of time, for that it was in nature before black, which is a deprivation thereof.* 1.56 Like as darknesse, whereunto black is re∣sembled, is an exemption of light, Omnis enim privatio praesupponit habitum. Finally, Ʋpton preferreth white before black, in regard that white is more easily discerned and furthest seen in the Field.

This colour is most commonly taken in Blazon for the metall Silver, and is termed Argent, wheresoever the same is found, either in Field or Charge. This Metall representeth Water, which (next to the Aire) is the noblest of all the Elements, and in Armory it is termed Argent, for that it approacheth neer to the Luminary Bodies. To this Metall is given the se∣cond place next to Gold, in regard that the Armory cannot be good, that hath not in it either Gold, or Silver: It also for another cause bare the resemblance of Water, which scowreth, clenseth, and putteth away all filth and uncleanness: For in Blazon it betokeneth innoceney, cleannesse of life and chastity; amongst complexions it is likened to fleame, as for the esteem of this Metal Silver, we may observe in all Ages that Emperours, Kings, and Princes had and yet have their vessels of chief use of Silver; As for the abundance of this Metall, you may read 2 Chron. 9. How every man brought unto Salomon presents, being vessels of Silver and vessels of Gold, and Raiment and Armour, and sweet Odors, Horses and Mules from year to year. And the King gave Silver in Jerusalem as stones, &c. Such was the plentifull abundance of this Metall in the dayes of Salomon. In composition of Armes, it is accounted a fault worthy blame to blazon this otherwise than Argent, but in doubling of Mantles it is not so taken: for therein it is not under∣stood to be a Metall, but the Skin or Furre of a little beast called a Litu∣it, so named (as I conceive) Lithuania, now called Luten, a part of Sarmatia confining upon Polonia. this Furre hath been heretofore much used by the ancient Matrons of the honorable Citie of London, even by those that were of the chiefest account, who ware the same in a kind of Bonnet called corruptly a Lettice cap.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Black is a colour contrary to White, having little participation of light, and is of Scribonius thus defi∣ned, Nigredo est color in corpore crassiore exiguae lumi∣nositatis particeps. Wherby it is apparant that black is of lesse perfection than white. For what thing so∣ever there is that hath in it either light or heat, or else a life, either Animall or vegetable, the same be∣ing once extinct, the thing it self becometh forth∣with black, which is said to be the colour of hor∣ror and destruction; for which respect mourning garments are made of that colour, that doth most significantly represent the horrour of death and corruption, Farnes. 3. 104. this colour is called in blazon Sable, of the Latine word Sabulum, which signifieth, grosse, sand or gravel, in respect of the heavy and earthy substance, wherein it aboun∣deth above all others. And this colour is reputed farre inferiour in dig∣nity to white, and is likened to darkensse, called in Latine Tenebrae, eo quod teneant, id est, impediant oculos, & visum prohibeant. Note that the rest of those speciall colours before mentioned, besides white and black are called colores medii, for that they have their primary Essence from these, either by an equall or uneven concorporation or mixture of these two together: and in regard of these two extreams from which they have their being, cannot properly be called colores, nisi per participationem.

Now as touching Colores medii, or mixed colours;* 1.57 it is to be understood that they are raised by the contemperation or mixture of the two Simples formerly handled, as may appear by the Definition of Scribonius, who saith, Mixtus color est, qui ex Simplicium contemperatione producitur.

All mixt or midling Colours, that we call Colores medii, are reckoned more Noble, or Ignoble, by participation; that is to say, as they doe partake more or lesse of the nobility of white, which is resembled to light, or of black, which hath a resemblance of darknesse, or deprivation of light.

Of these according to Scribonius, some are

• Exactly compounded of both Simples.
• Declining more to the one than to the other, in an unequal proportion.

* 1.58

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

That Colour which is said to be exactly compounded, doth participate of the two Simples indifferently in a just proportion, as Red; which Scribonius thus defi∣neth: Rubedo est color aequali simul Alb••dinis & Nigredi∣nis combinatione constans. Amongst Colours (next af∣ter Metals) this Colour, V••rmilion, or Red hath the prime place: forasmuch as it representeth the fire which of all other elements is the most lightsome, and approacheth nearest to the quality and vertue of the Sun. In regard wherof it was ordained, that none should bear this Colour, (which betokeneth noblenesse of courage, and va∣lourous magnanimity) but persons of honourable birth and ranck, and men of speciall desert. This colour inciteth courage and magnanimity in persons, that do grapple together in single or publick sight. We read that when those that strengthened their Battels with Elephants, when they would provoke them to fight they produced before them res••mblances of this martiall Colour, as the blood of Grapes and of M••lberies. This C••••our is likened to the precious Rubie, amongst vertues it is compared to magnani∣mity, or boldnesse of courage. And amongst the complexions, it is resem∣bled to Choler. In Armory it is called, Gules.

* 1.59

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This Colour is bright Yellow, which is compounded of much White, and a little Red, as if you should take two parts of White, and but one of Red. This colour in Armes is blazed by the name of Or, which is as much to say as Aurum, which is Gold: and it is commonly called Gold Yellow, because it doth lively represent that most excellent Metall, the possession whereof inchan∣teth the hearts of fools, and the colour whereof blind∣eth the eies of the wise Of the excellency of this Me∣tall, H••siodus hath this saying: Aurum est in corporibu•• si∣cut Sol inter stellas.* 1.60 And therefore such is the worthinesse of this Colour which doth resemble it, that (as Christine de Pice holdeth) none ought to bear the same in Armes, but Emperours and Kings, and such as be of the Blood Royall, though indeed it be in use more common. And as this Metall exceedeth all other in value, purity, and finenesse, so ought the Bearer (as much as in him lyeth) endeavour to surpasse all other in Prowess and Vertue.

* 1.61

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This Colour is Green, which consisteth of more Black and of less Red, as appeareth by the Definition; Viridis est color Nigredine copiosiore, & Rubedine minore con∣temperatus. This color is blazoned Vert, and is called in Latine Viridis, à vigore, in regard of the strength, fresh∣ness and liveliness thereof; and therefore best resem∣bleth youth, in that most vegetables, so long as they flourish are beautified with this verdue:

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Blew is a Colour which consisteth of much Red,* 1.62 and of little White, and doth represent the colour of the Skie in a clear Sun-shining day. This in Blazon is termed Azure. Coeruleus color, à Coelo dictus est,* 1.63 quod tanquam so∣lers & diligens nescit otiari. Farnes. 2. 18.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Purpure is a Colour that consisteth of much Red,* 1.64 and of a small quantity of Black, and is thus defined: Pur∣pureus color est, qui à multa Rubedine, & pauciore Nigre∣dine commiscetur. Cossaneus having formerly handled those former six Colours, viz. White, Black, Red, Yellow, Green and Blew, saith, That of them all (being com∣pounded and mixed together according to propor∣tion) this Purpure Colour is raised. This Colour usually hath no other name in Blazon.

Purpure Colour hath some resemblance of a withered Red-Rose, which after long gathering, the glorious lustre thereof fading, it becometh somewhat blackish, as if it were a proportionable commixture of Red and Black together. This Colour hath his Denomination, of a certain Fish called in Latine Purpara, a kind of shell-fish, whereof in times past, great store have been found near to that famous City of Tyrus, scituated next to the Sea coast in the Country of Phoenicia: this kind of fish hath in the mouth of it an excellent and precious liquor, or juyce, of singular use in dying of cloathes, the invention and use whereof was first found out by the Tyrians, for which cause this Colour is called Tyrius Color. They must be taken alive, and that chiefly in the Spring season, at which time this juyce is most plentifull in them, at other seasons it is more scarce: They are gathered alive, and cast together on a heap, that so by their con∣tinuall motion they may vent out this rich liquor, together with their spi∣rit, which done in some near place or other provided for the clean keeping thereof, it is taken up and spared for necessary purposes. This Colour in an∣cient time was of that precious esteem, as that none but Kings and Prin∣ces, and their favorites might wear the same, as we may see, Dan. 5.16. Now if thou canst read the writing, and shew me the interpretation thereof, thou shalt be cloathed with Purple, and shalt have a chain of gold about thy neck. Also. 1 Macchab. 10.20. And Alexander sent Jonathan a Purple Robe, and a Crown of gold; And again, When his accusers saw his honour as it was proclaimed, and that he was cloathed in Purple, they fled all away. Hereof (perhaps) it cometh that this Colour is found of so rare use in armoriall signes. Moreover it is said; And the King commanded that they should take off the garment of Jonathan, and cloath him in Purple, and so they did, 1 Macchab. 10.62.

* 1.65

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Tawny (saith Leigh) is a Colour of worship, and of some Hera••ds it is called Bruske, and is most com∣monly borne of French Gentlemen, but very few doe bear it in England. In Blazon it is known by the name of Tenne. It is (saith he) the surest colour that is (of so bright a hew being compounded) for it is made of two bright Colours, which are Red and Yel∣low: neither shall you have any Colour so made a∣mong all that may be devised; and not to be stai∣nand.

* 1.66

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The last of the seven mixed Colours, we doe com∣monly call Murrey, but in Blazon, Sanguine, and is (as most truly saith Leigh) a Princely Colour, being indeed one of the Colours appertaining of ancient time to the Prince of Wales. It is a Colour of great estimation, and very stately, and is in use in certain Robes of the Knights of the Bath. Some Heralds of approved judg∣ment, doe hardly admit these two last mentioned for Col••urs of Fields, in regard they are reckoned Stainand Colours. Yet some Coats of Armes there are, and those of reverend antiquity, whose Fields are of those colours, for which respect they have been allowed for colours of Fields, as Sir John Ferne in his Glory of Generosity noteth. This kind of bearing, Leigh doth instance in two English Gentlemen of ancient Houses, that have of long time Borne Tawny in their Armes: the one of them he nameth Hounzaker, and the other Finers.

I have purposely, for the avoiding of prolixity, omitted here to speak of the Elements, vertues and complexions which every one of these Me∣tals and colours are respectively resembled unto, because Ferne in his Bla∣zon of Gentry hath a large discourse of the same subject, to which I refer the Reader.

SECT. I. CHAP. IV.

HItherto of Colours and Metals: Now of Furs, according to the series and course of our distribution before delivered, pag. 15.

* 1.67Furres (used in Armes) are taken for the Skins of certain beasts, stripped from the bodies, and artificially trimmed, for the furring, dou∣bling, or lining of Robes and Garments, serving as well for state and mag∣nificence, as for wholesome and necessary use. And these thus trimmed and imployed, are called in Latine pellicei, à pellendo, of driving away, (quite contrary in sense,* 1.68 though like in sound, to pellices à pellicendo, for drawing all to them) because they doe repell and resist the extremities of cold, and preserve the bodies that are covered with them, in good tem∣perature.

* 1.69These are used as well in doublings of the Mantles pertaining to Coat-Armours, as in the Coat-Armours themselves.

Furres do consist either of

• One colour alone, or
• More colours than one.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

That Furre that consisteth of one colour alone,* 1.70 is White, which in doubling is taken for the Lituits skin, before spoken of, pag. 17. An example whereof we have in this Escocheon. Some perhaps will expect that in the handling of these Furres, I should pursue the order of Gerard Leigh, who giveth the preheminence of place unto Ermyne, for the dignity and riches there∣of: but that form suteth neither with the Method that I have prefixed to my self; nor yet with the or∣der of Nature, which ever preferreth Simples before Compounds, because of their priority in time: for as Aristotle saith,* 1.71 Priora sunt compositis incomposita: which order, as it is of all other the most rea∣sonable, certain, and infallible; so doe I endeavour by all means to con∣form my self in these my poor labours thereunto: Natura enim regitur ab intelligentia non errante. Note that this,* 1.72 and all other the examples follow∣ing throughout this Chapter (as they are here placed) must be understood to be doublings or linings of Robes, or Mantles of State, or other Garments, wherein (according to Leigh) they all have one generall name, and are cal∣led Doublings: but in Escoch••ons they are called by nine proper and severall names. What those Mantles are, shall be shewed hereafter when I shall come to the handling of the second Member of Division before made.* 1.73 In the blazoning of Armes, this Colour is evermore termed Argent, unlesse it be in the description of the Armes of one that is Reus Laesae Majestatis: but being a doubling, it is no offence (saith Christine de Pice) to call it White,* 1.74 because therein it is to be understood onely as a Furre or Skin.

Furres consisting of more than one Colour, are either of

• Two Colours, or
• More than two.

Such Furres as are compounded of two Colours only, are sor∣ted either

• with Black, and are ei∣ther
  • Black mixt with White, as or
    • Ermyne, and
    • ...Ermynes.
  • Black mixt with Yellow, as
    • Emynois, and
    • ...Pean.
• or without Black: such are, accord∣ing to Leigh,
  • Verrey,scz. A. and B.
  • and Verrey, Or, and Vert,

Knowledge is no way better or more readily attained than by demon∣stration: Scire enim est per demonstrationem intelligere,* 1.75 saith Aristotle. I will therefore give you particular example of their severall Bearings.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Ermyne is a Furre consisting of White distinguished with black spots. You must blazon this by the name of Ermyne, and not Argent powdred with Sable. This is the skin of a little beast, less than a Squirrill (saith Leigh) that hath his being in the Woods of the Land of Armeniae, whereof he taketh his name. The taile thereof is of a thumbs length, which is of co∣lour brown, The Egyptians did propose this little Beast for an Hieroglyphick of Chastity, Farnes. Lib. 2. fo. 15. So greatly is this little Beast affected unto

cleannesse, as that she had rather expose her self to the hazard of being killed or taken by the Hunters, then she would pollute her Coat with the filth of the bird-lime laid before the entrance of the cave to take her at her going in. Leigh in the former part of his Accidence, fol. 132. seemeth therein to contradict himself, in that he affirmeth Ermyne to be no Colour, but a Compound with a Metall, and serveth as Metall onely. For mine own part, I doe not see in doubling of Mantles it should be reckoned a Metall, for that all doublings or linings of Robes and Garments, though perhaps not al∣together, yet chiefely are ordained for the repelling of cold and weathers drift: to which use Metals are most unfit, as King Dionysius declared, when coming into a Church where the Images were attired in most rich golden Robes, he took them away, saying, Such Garments were too cold for Winter, and too heavy for Summer. A fair pretence to cloak his Sacrile∣gious Avarice.* 1.76 The same Author in his said Accidence, fol. 75. making mention of this Furre, taketh occasion to commend a late prescribed order for the distribution of this rich and rare Furre, according to the dignity of the persons to whom the wearing thereof is allowed, which is this; That an Emperour, a King or a Prince may have the pouldering in their appa∣rell as thick set together as they please: a Duke may have in his Mantles cape, onely four Raungs or Ranks of them: a Marquesse three Raungs and a half: an Earle a Cape of three Raungs onely. In some Coats these are num∣bred, but then they extend not to the number of ten. These rowes or rancks before named are of some Authors called Timbers of Ermyne: for no man under the degree of a Baron or a Knight of the most honourable or∣der of the Garter, may have his Mantle doubled with Ermyne.

* 1.77

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This is that other Furre, before mentioned, to con∣sist of a mixture of white and black, and hath some re∣semblance of the former: but differeth in this; that where that is composed of white powdered with black; contrariwise this is black, powdered with white. But neither in that,* 1.78 nor in this, shall you make any mention in blazon of any such mixtures, but onely use the name appropriated to either of them, which doth sufficiently express the manner of their compo∣sition to the understanding of those that are but meanly skilled in blazon;* 1.79 the names peculiarly allotted to this Furre is Er∣mynes.

Master Boswell is of this opinion, that Ermyne and Ermynes ought never to be sorted in Armes with the metall of their colour, because (saith he) they are but Furres, and have no proper blazon with any metall. Yet doth he particularly blazon the Coat of Walcot, fol. 106. in the Atchievement of the Right Honourable Lord, Sir William Cecil, Knight, late Lord Treasurer of England, where he might fitly have taken exception against such bearing, if he could have produced any good ground for warranting such his opi∣nion; in default whereof he there passeth the same over with silence, knowing that Antiquity and Custome (which hath the vigour of a law, where there is no law written) are powerfull in things of this nature: he secretly relinquisheth his opinion, forasmuch as it is manifest, that not onely Walcot but Kingsmell, and many others, both ancient and modern, hath used such bearing without contradiction.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Of those Furres before mentioned, that are com∣pounded of yellow and black, this is the first, and is tearmed in blazon, Ermynois,* 1.80 whose ground or field is yellow, and the Pouldrings black, though this be rich in Armes (saith Leigh) yet in doubling it is not so rich. Of the use of this Furre, Bara maketh mention in his book entituled, Le Blazon des Armoiries, pag. 14. and Edel. H••ryssen in his book entituled Le Jardyn d'armo∣ries, in the Arme of Leefwelt.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This is that other Furre composed of the same co∣lours, but disposed in a contrary manner to the for∣mer; for whereas that consisteth of yellow powde∣red with black, this is black powdered with yellow; and in blazon is tearmed Pean.

There are other sorts of Furs or Doublings consisting also of two onely colours,* 1.81 which as they are much dif∣ferent in form, so doe they also receive a diverse bla∣zon, from these before specified; which are these that follow, and their like.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Verrey, Or and Azure, by the name of Claude de Rochford, somtime Constable of France. In Coats of this sort of bearing, in case where it may be holden doubtfull whether should have the precedence,* 1.82 the Colour or the Metall, the Metall must have the prehe∣minence as the more worthy. The Frenchmen, from whom we do borrow our terms of blazon, do call all sorts of Doublings or Furres of this form, by the name of Vayre; perhaps, Quia ex diversis coloribus altenatim variantur. To this sort of bearing, there are no other terms of blazon allowed. If your vaire doth consist of Argent and Azure, you must in blazon thereof, say onely, he beareth vaire, and it sufficeth: but if it be composed of any other colours, then you must say,* 1.83 he beareth vaire of these or those colours. The Latine blazoners making mention of this sort of bearing, doe thus describe them, Portat arma variata ex pellibus albis & cae∣ruleis, accounting them for skins of little beasts. For that in ancient times they were used for linings of Robes, and Mantles of Senators, Consuls,* 1.84 Empe∣rours and Kings, and thereupon are skilfully tearmed doublings. Of this use of them, Alex. ab Alex. Genial. dierum, lib. 5. fol. 285. saith, Legimus Cali∣gulam depictas penulas induisse.

Sometimes it was permitted to men grown to years, to use a kind of short cloak called Penula, in time of wars, though it were in substance but sleight and thin: For Alexander Severus the Emperour, in favour of aged men, did grant them a priviledge for wearing of this kind of garments: Wolf. Lazius, lib. 8. The garments of the Tribune of the people, and of the Plebeian sect, was most commonly this Penula before mentioned, like as al∣so was Sagum, which was a souldiers Cloak, or Cassock, and Endormis which was an hairy garment much like an Irish mantle, and hood. These were apt garments for repelling of cold; These were not habits beseeming an Emperour or chief Commander to wear: nevertheless we read that Caligu∣la ware oftentime, Depictas penulas, Alex. lib. 5. Amongst the rest this is to

be observed, that Consuls were habited sometimes, in Coat-Armours, cal∣led Paludamenta, and sometimes in Kirtles called Trabeae, which was a kind of garment worn by Kings under their Mantles of State. So that they were sometimes said to be Trabeati, & somtimes to be Paludati, according to these severall habits. Also the Lictores were Officers that usually attended these Consuls, and were like unto Sergeants, or Ministers appointed to inflict cor∣porall punishment upon offenders, and were most commonly in number twelve. These also attended the Consull to the wars, invested also with Coat-Armour.

Concerning those Depictae penulae formerly mentioned, they are said to have been in use with Emperours of later ages, that were addicted to wan∣tonness and delicacie, whereof Tranquillus, in Caligula, writeth in this man∣ner, Vestitu, calceatuque & caetero habitu, neque patrio, neque anili, ac ne virili quidem, ac denique non humano semper usus est: saepe depictas gemmatasque Pe∣nulas indutus. Wolf. Lazius in Comment. Reip. lib. 8. 857. If you observe the proportion of this vaire, you shall easily discern the very shape of the case or skin of little beasts, in them; for so did ancient Governors and Princes of the world (saith Sir John Ferne in Lac. Nob. pag. 86.) line their pom∣pous Robes, with furre of divers colours, sowing one skin to another after the plainest fashion. There is yet another kind of furs much differing from all other the furres before expressed, not onely in shape, but in name also, as in example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This sort of furre or doubling, was (as Leigh noteth) of some old Heralds called varry cuppy, and varry tassa, which (saith he) is as much to say, as a Furre of cups, but himself calleth it Meire, for so he reckoneth it well blazoned, and very ancient, and a Spanish coat. But I hold it better blazoned, Potent counterpotent, for the resemblance it hath of the heads of crowches,* 1.85 which Chaucer calleth Potents, Quia potentiam tribuunt infir∣mis, as appeareth in his description of old age in the Romcant of the Rose.

So old she was that she ne went A foot, but it were by potent.* 1.86

So much of furs consisting of two colours, onely: now of such as are com∣posed of more than two colours, according to the division before delive∣red.

Such are these and their like, Viz.

• ...Ermynites
• ...Vaire of many colours.

* 1.87

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This at the first sight may seem to be all one with the second Furre, before in this Chapter expressed, but differeth in this, that herein is added one haire of Red on each side of every of these Poulderings. And as this differeth little in shape, and shew from that second Furre named Ermyne; so doth it not much differ from the same in name, that being called Ermyne, and this Ermynites.

The other Furre that is composed of more than two colours, is formed of four severall colours at the least, as in example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This differeth much from all the other furs,* 1.88 and (according to Leigh) must be blazoned vaire; this is composed of four distinct colours, viz. Argent, Gule, Or, and Sable. Here I will note unto you,* 1.89 a generall rule that you must carefully observe, not onely in the blazoning of these furs, but generally of all Coat-Armours, viz. that you describe them so particular∣ly and plainly, as who so heareth your blazon, may be able to trick or expresse the forme and true por∣trature thereof, together with the manner of bea∣ring, no lesse perfectly, than if he had done it by some pattern thereof laid before him.

Although I have here in the Blazon of this kind of Fur, as also in the Table of this first Section, put a difference between these three words, vaire, verrey, and varrey, in ascribing to every one of these a particular property in the Blazon of Furs differing in Metals and Colours; in which I must confesse, I have followed Leigh; yet I doe for my own part rather agree with Sir John Ferne, who in the 86. pag. of his Book intituled Lacye•• Nobility, writeth, That there is no other blazon allowed to a Doubling or Fur of this nature, than onely vaire, or variated, for which word variated I have observed, that our English Blazoners use verrey; from the French mascu∣line participle, vaire; and Sir John Ferne there further saith, That these differences of termes verrey, varrey and vaire, are meer phantasies of Leigh his Blazon; and newly by him devised, without any authority of Writer to infer the same; and that before Leigh his time, all Authors had called this sort of Fur or Doubling, Vaire: And if it be varied, or composed of Argent and Azure, then it is so called, and no Colours named: but if it consist of any other Co∣lour, then it is blazed, Vaire, of such and such Colours. And I shall hereaf∣ter in this my present Edition, alwayes blazon a Fur of this nature, of what Metall and Colours soever composed, yea, although it consist of two Me∣tals and two Colours, vaire or verrey, alwayes naming the Metall and Colour, except it consisteth of Argent and Azure: and thus concluding the Chap∣ter of Tinctures, being the first kind of Accidents of Armes, I will now goe on to the second sort.

SECT. I. CHAP. V.

HAving hitherto handled the first part of the distribution before deli∣vered touching the Accidents, viz. Tincture: I will now go forward to handle that other member of the same, namely, Differences; shewing first what Differences are; and so proceed in order to the Division of them.

But before I proceed to the definition and division of them, it is not unnecessary to observe, That Armes may be resembled to Arithmeticall numbers, for like as in numbers, the addition, or substraction of an uni∣ty, maketh the said number to receive a diverse forme, from that it hath before; in like manner the apposition to, or exemption of any one thing from the Coat-Armour, be it either difference, or whatsoever else, the Coat-Armour is not the same; but varieth from that it was before. This variation (occasioned by the addition, or exemption of some adventi∣tious

thing) neverthelesse altereth not the substance of the Coat-Ar∣mour; but maketh the same to differ in forme onely from that it was before, for these adventitious Appositions are of the nature of Accidents, whose property is Adesse & abesse sine subjecti corruptione; as I have for∣merly shewed out of Porphyrus, p. 16.

Differences have no existence of themselves, but are of the quality of Adjectives, which need the aide and support of some substantive, to be annexed to them, and were devised, for the distinguishing of Coat-Ar∣mour, of particular persons, of one and the same Family, each from other among themselves, according to that saying of Cass. Differentiae sunt quae∣dam accidentia per se non existentia, quae inducunt diversitatem separativam, per quam dignoscuntur talia Arma, in qu bus sunt inserta, ab armis alterius. But I will proceed to the definition and division of Differences.

Differences are extraordinary additaments, whereby Bearers of the same Coat-Armour are distinguished each from others, and their nearnesse to the principall Bearer is demonstrated.

Of Differences some are

• ...Ancient.
• ...Modern.

Those I call Ancient differences, that were used in ancient time for the distinguishing, not onely of one Nation or Tribe from another; but also to note a diversity between particular persons also, descended out of one Fami∣ly, and from the same Parents. Such are bordures and imborduring of all sorts. The Bordures that were annexed unto Coat-Armours, in the begin∣ning were plain, and (in all likelihood) were of some one of the colours or metals before spoken of: But afterwards in processe of time (by reason of the multiplication of persons and of Families) men were constrained to devise other sorts of bordures; to induce a variety, whereby each particu∣lar person might be distinctly known, and differenced ab omnibus & singu∣lis ejusdem domus & familiae. Of these there are divers formes, as by these examples following may appear.

* 1.90

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The first devised Bordures were borne plain, after the manner of this, which is thus blazoned. He beareth Argent,* 1.91 a bordure Gules. Here you shall not need to mention the plainnesse of the bordure: for when you say a bordure of this or that colour or metall, and no more, then it is alwayes understood to be plain, albeit the same be not so expressed. But if it have any other form than plain, in such case, you must not omit to make ex∣press mention of the fashion thereof.

The plain bordure, used for differing of Coat-Ar∣mour is resembled to those Fimbria's, or Bordures, that Almighty God by the mouth of his servant Moses commanded the Israelites to wear about the skirts of their Garments, to put in mind of their duties touching their observation of his precepts; In respect that the people were yet rude, and unexercised in obedience, therefore was this ordinance prescribed unto them; As Saint Hierom noteth in these words. Rudi adhuc populo, & hominibus ad obedientiam insuetis, per Moysen, imperatur a Domino: ut in fig∣num memoriae quod praecepta Domini recordentur, per singulas vestimentorum fimbrias habeant cum cocco Hyacinthini coloris Insignia, ut etiam casu huc il∣lucque respicientibus oculis, mandatorum Coelestium memoria nascatur. Of these Bordures were the Pharisees reproved by Christ, because they

perverted the use thereof, by wearing them, not for the putting of them in mind of the observation of Gods precepts, but for a bravery, and their own vain ostentation, and to the end they would seem more strict and se∣vere observers of Gods precepts than others were.

The content of the Bordures, (saith Leigh) is the fifth part of the Field.* 1.92 Also it is to be observed, that when the Field and the Circumference or Tract, about the same, drawn (as in this example) be both of one metal, co∣lour or furre, then shall you not term it a bordure, but you shall say, that he beareth such metall, colour, or furre, imbordured. Leigh reckoneth this sort of imborduring, here spoken of, to be of the number of differences of bre∣thren; but Bartol (saith he) hath committed the distribution thereof to the Heraulds.

Before I proceed to the Compound bordures above specified,* 1.93 I will give some few examples of other severall formes of simple bordures; (Quia sim∣pli i•• p••iora fuerunt compositis,) as followeth.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a bordure ingrailed, argent; This word ingrailed, is derived from the Latine word In∣gredior, which signifieth to enter, or goe in; Quia ista sinea ex qua conficitur Bordura, C••mpum plus aequo ingre∣diatur: or else it is derived of Gradu••, which signifieth a step or degree, and therefore it is called a bordure in∣grailed, Quia (as Ʋpton noteth) ejus color gradatim in∣fertur in campum Armorum.

The next sort of Bordure that I will note unto you,* 1.94 is a bordure invecked, and the same is formed as appear∣eth in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This bordure is formed meerly contrary to the last precedent, and is blazoned in this manner. He beareth Or, a border invecked, Gules. As the former doth di∣late it self by way of incroaching into the Field, con∣trariwise this doth contract it self by inversion of the points into it self; in regard whereof (it seemeth) it receiveth his denomination, and is called Invecked, of the Latine word Inveho, which signifieth, To car∣ry in, Quia ipsa linea gibbosa, in borduram plus aequo in∣vehatur.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This bordure differeth in form from both the other,* 1.95 and is thus blazoned; he beareth, Gules, a bordure in∣dented, Argent. Mr. Wyrly, in his Book intituled,* 1.96 The true use of Armes, treating of the honourable life, and languishing death of Sir John de Gralhye, Capitoll de Buz, and one of the Knights elected at the first foun∣dation of the Garter, by that victorious King Edward the third, doth therein make mention of one Sir Per∣ducas Dalbreth, to whom this Coat-armour did properly appertain, and describeth the same in this manner.

Sir Perducas Dalbreth to the French return'd,

Who Guly shield about his neck did fling Wrapt with dent bordure silver shining.

This bordure is said to be indented, because it seemeth to be composed (as it were) of teeth, whereof the same hath a resemblance as well in pro∣perty

as in form: for teeth (especially those of beasts of ravenous kind, or of prey) have that part of their teeth next to their gums, broad and strong and their points sharp after the manner above specified;* 1.97 and they are cal∣led in Latine dentes à demendo (as Isiodorus noteth) which signifieth to take away or diminish, Quia a••iquid de cibis s••mper demu••t. In the same manner also doe every of these I••dentings, entring into the Field, lessen and take away some part of them as they goe.

* 1.98Note that all sorts of bordu es are subject to charging with things, as well Artificial, as Natura••l; as by examples following, in part shall appear; wherein I purpose not to be curious, either in their number, or yet in their order; but as they shall come to hand, so will I set them down in their proper places.

Hitherto of bordures simple, now of such as are compounded, as fol∣loweth,

* 1.99

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a bordure countercomponed, Or, and Gules, which is as much to say, as compounded of these two Colours counterly placed. Note that Countercompony consisteth evermore of two tracts only and no more. Note further, that the manner of differencing of Coat-Armours by bordure is very ancient, but if you re∣spect their particular formes and charge, they are not so.

* 1.100

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a bordure perflewe, Verrey. Note here that, this term perflewe, is common to all the Furs before handled, so often as they are used in bordures. Therefore whensoever you shall find a bordure of any of these severall kinds, you must (for the more cer∣tainty of the blazon) express by name of what sort of Furres the same is, if there be a peculiar name appro∣priate thereunto. Otherwise if it be one of those kinds, that have no certain name, whereby it may be di∣stinctly known from the rest; or if it be so, that the bordure be composed of some such of the Furres as doe comprehend under one name, divers and distinct Colours, then must you of necessity particu∣larly name the Colours whereof every such bordure is so composed, except it consisteth of Argent and Azure, as this doth, and then it sufficeth to call it onely verrey; as in this example I have done.

* 1.101

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Bordure checkie, Or, and Azure. Albeit this hath a near resemblance of counter-com∣pony before handled, yet is it not the same, for that never exceedeth two tracts or panes, and this is never lesse than of three: therefore you must take speciall heed to the number of the Tracts in Blazon, else may you easily erre in mistaking the one for the other. And this Rule holdeth not alone in Bordures, but also in Bends, Fesses, Bars, &c. borne after those man∣ners.

Sometimes you shall find the Bordures cha••ged with things living, as in these examples.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a Bordure, Azure, charged with Enaluron of Martlets, to the number of eight, Or: In your blazoning of bordures of this kind of bearing, you must mention what sort of Fowle or Bird your bordure is charged withall, for that this term serveth generally for all kinds of bordures charged with things of this kind.

A like bordure did Jasper Earle of Pembroke bear,* 1.102 that was half-brother to King Henry the Sixth, and was created Duke of Bedford, by that most prudent Prince King Henry the Seventh.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a bordure, Gules, Enurny of eight Li∣oncels passant, Or. Otherwise thus. He beareth Azure,* 1.103 a Bordure, Gules, charged with eight Lioncels passant, Or: Such a bordure is set forth for Hamlyne Plantagenet that was base-brother to King Henry the Second. This term Enurny is proper to all bordures charged with any beasts, whose kinds, must be specially observed, and expressed in blazon, for the more certainty thereof.

Sometimes you shall find two of these sorts of bor∣dures before handled, commixt in one, as in these next examples following.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a bordure quarterly, as followeth:* 1.104 Th first Gules, enur••y of three Lioncels passant guardant, Or. The second, Azure, verdoy, of as many Flowers de Lis, Or. The third as the second: The fourth as the first. Such a bordure did Henry Courtney, Earle of Devon, and Marquesse of Exceter, bear, (who lived in the time of King Henry the Eighth) environing the Royall Armes of England, which he received as an augmen∣tation of Honour. And this Coat-Armour may also be thus shortly blazoned, Argent, a bordure quarterly England and France.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a bordure, quarterly composed of purflewe, Ermyne, and Counter-compony, Or, and Azure,* 1.105 Such a Bordure did Henry Fitz-roy bear, who was Duke of Richmond and Somerset, as also Earle of Nottingham. He was base son unto King Henry the Eighth. Some∣times you shall find Bordures charged with leaves or flowers, and other vegetables, as in example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Sable, a bordure, Or,* 1.106 charged with Ver∣doy, of Trefoiles, slipped to the number of 8. proper. Note that this term Verdoy is appropried to all bordures charged with leaves, flowers, fruits, and other the like vegetables. Wherefore, to make your blazon more cer∣tain, it behoveth, that you should expresly mention what kind of vegetable the bordure is charged with∣all.

* 1.107Otherwhiles you shall have bordures charged with other sorts of things inanimate, or without life, as in this next example.

* 1.108

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a bordure, Sable, charged with Entoyre of 8. Besants. Such a bordure did Richard Plantagenet, King of the Romans, and Earle of Cornwall bear, that was Son unto King John, and Brother to King Henry the third. Note, that this term Entoyre is proper to all bordures charged with dead things:* 1.109 therefore you must name what kind of Entoyre the bordure is charged with, whether with Roundles, Crescents, Mullets, Annulets, or whatsoever other dead thing. A Beisaunte, or (as some call them) a Talent, is taken for a Massive Plate or Bul∣lion of Gold, containing (according to Leigh) of Troy weight, 104 l. and two ounces, and is in value 3750 l. sterling, and had for the most part no similitude or representation upon it (as some hold) but only fashioned round and smooth, as if it were fitted and prepared to receive some kind of stamp But others are of opinion, that they were stamped, and that they were called bezants (or rather bizants) of bizantium, the place where they were anciently coyned. Note, that whensoever you shall find any Bezants or Talents borne in Armes, you shall not need to make mention of their colour in blazoning of them, because they be evermore understood to be Gold.

* 1.110

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Sometimes you shall find bordures gobonated of two colours, as in this next example. He beareth Ermyne, a bordure gobonated, Or and Sable: and such a bearing is so tearmed, because it is divided in such sorts, as if it were cut into small Gobbets.

As this Bordure is gobonated, so shall you find Bor∣dures, either Bendy, or Bendwaies, or charged with Bends, as in this next Escocheon in part may appear.

* 1.111

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a bordure, Sable, charged with three Bends, Argent. I give it this blazon in respect that the Sable doth surmount the Argent, and stand∣eth (as it were) instead of a Field, but if they both were of even peeces, then should I have tearmed it a bodure-bendee or bend-waies, of so many pieces Ar∣gent and Sable, or Sable and Argent, as it should happen.

There resteth yet one example more of bordurings, which I have here placed, to the end the same may serve instead of many particular demonstrations, otherwise requisite for the full understanding of the manifold severall sorts of diapering, that may be used in bordures, as in example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent a Bordure, Gules Diapered,* 1.112 Entoy∣re, Enurny, Enaluron, Verdoy, &c. Note, that you may have diaper of any two, three or more of these, or any other their like, in one bordure, and that not onely bordures, but also Fields of Coat-armours, are found diapered. That Field or bordure is properly said to be diapered, which being fretted all over, hath something quick or dead, appearing within the Frets. And albeit things having life and sense, or their parts, may be borne diapered, yet Plants, Fruits, Leaves, Flowers, and other Vegetables, are (in the opinion of some Armorists) judged to be more fit for such kind of bearing.

This kind of bearing diaper in coat-armour, is sometimes seen in Coats of France, and Belgia, but very rare or never in England, as Sir John Ferne no∣teth. Diaper (saith he) is known of every man to be a fantasticall work of knots, within which are wrought the signes or formes of things either quick or dead, according to the invention of the work-master, as it is well known in Ypres, Bruges, and some Cities of Heynault. In the blazon of such Coats you must first name the colour or metall of the Field.

As touching their first severall Charges imposed upon these bordures a∣fore-handled, I should not (I acknowledge) have made mention of them at all in this place (the order of my Method respected) sed propter necessita∣tem nonnunquam recedendum est à regulis. But the occasion offered to treat of the differences of bordures in this place, enforced me to make untimely mention of those Charges, to the intent I might yeeld some satisfaction to the Reader touching these variable formes, which I could no way better perform than by demonstrative examples: Exempla enim ponimus, ut sentiant addiscentes.

Notwithstanding, that I take here onely mentioned a bordure and im∣borduring, for Ancient differences, yet I doe not thereupon conclude,* 1.113 that Antiquity was not acquainted with any other than these; but the reason that I doe not particularly here discourse at large of those other Ancient differences, is, because the use of divers of them now, as differences, is an∣tiquated, and some of them are now used, as Ordinaries, or some other Charge of the Field; which I shall afterward handle, but not here, because it sutes not with my intended method; others of those Ancient ones are still in use, as differences; but to demonstrate some other younger bro∣ther than anciently they did, and therefore now tearmed modern, by changing of their first use. Let it therefore suffice onely to name some of those first sort here mentioned as Orles, Cotizes, Bends, &c. Which how they then were disposed of, in the Terminall, Collaterall and Fixall Coat-Armours, I refer you to Sir John Ferne and others, who have writ plen∣tifully of them; In those elder times also, the variation of Metall or Colour, Transposition of Charge, yea, sometime change of the Charge, or of part of the Charge, transmutation of Metall into Furre, and such like, were used for distinctions of Families, as you may observe in divers Authors, and in the Coat-Armours of younger branches of many Ancient Families.

SECT. I. CHAP. VI.

* 1.114HItherto of the ancient manner of differencing Coat-Armours: Next, such as we call modern differences, come in order to be handled. I call those modern differences, that are of a latter institution, and put in use sithence the invention of bordures. Such are these that follow, and their like, viz. the File, Crescent, Mullet, Martlet, Annulet, Flower de-lis, &c.

* 1.115What these Files are, I cannot certainly avouch, because I find that di∣vers Authors, and those very judiciall in matters of this kind, doe diversly judge of them,* 1.116 according to their severall conceits. Ʋpton, a man much commended for his skill in blazon, and of some Armorists supposed to have been the first that made observation of their use (but they are therein much deceived, for that such use was made of them many ages before Ʋp∣tons time) calleth them Points, such as men usually fasten their garments withall, and saith, they may be borne either even or odde, to the number of nine.* 1.117 Budaeus, an ancient Writer, affirmeth them to be Tongs, and that they may not be borne but odde.* 1.118 Alciatus in his Parergon nameth them Plaitez or Plaits of garments. Bartolus calleth them Candles. Some other Au∣thors call them Files,* 1.119 and others Lambeaux or Labels. In this so great un∣certainty, I forbear to determine any thing, seeing those so learned can∣not certainly resolve among themselves what they are. Onely con∣cerning their diverse manner of bearing, these examples following will give light: wherein I will begin with their single bearing, and so will I proceed to their compound use.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a File, with one Labell, Gules. This form of bearing is found in the Chappell of the Castle of Camphire, alias Trevior, in Zeland. Such is the dignity of the File, as that the Heraulds in their sound discre∣tion, have caused many poor decayed Gentlemen, and persons newly risen, to lay aside the bearing there∣of, because of the dignity of the same, being such, as the Son of an Emperour cannot bear a difference of higher esteem, during the life of his Father.

* 1.120Ʋpton saith, that Files are not borne for Armes, but for differences of Armes: Tales lingulae sive labellae (saith he) non dicuntur pro∣prie signa, sed differentiae signorum. Nevertheless in practice it falleth out o∣therwise, as in this Coat here expressed, and others following may be seen. For we find that Labels are borne both single and manifold without any o∣ther manner of Charge; so that it is clear, that they are borne sometimes for Armes, and not alwayes for Differences of Armes, as by the second Escocheon following, more plainly appeareth.

* 1.121

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a File of three Lambeaux, Ar∣gent: this, saith Leigh, is the first of the nine Differen∣ces of brethren, and serveth for the heir or eldest son, the Father living. Honorius saith, that one of the Labels betokeneth his father, the other his mother, and the middlemost signifieth himself.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a File of five points, or Lambeaux, Azure: this seemeth to me a perfect Coat of it self, for I find the same anciently set up in a glasse-window, in the Church of Estington in the County of Glocester, and is borne by the name of Henlington. Whence may ap∣pear that this File is borne as a Charge sometimes, and not for a Difference of Coat-Armour alwayes.* 1.122 The file of five Lambeaux, saith Leigh, is the difference of the Heir whilst the Grandfather liveth, but his Grandfa∣ther being deceased, then he leaveth this, and taketh that of three, which was his fathers Difference. But herein his Rule faileth; for that they have been anciently borne with five points for the Difference of the Eldest son, in the time of King Edward the first, as appeareth by di∣vers Seals, and other good authentick proofs of Antiquity.

Note, that as the Burdures before mentioned, so also these Files are of∣tentimes charged with things as well quick as dead, whereof I will give you some few examples in thse next Escocheons.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a File of three Lambeaux, Azure, each charged with as Many Flewers de-lis, Or. Such a File did Henry the fourth, Duke of Lancaster bear (over the Armes of England) who was Son to Henry,* 1.123 Earle of Lan∣caster, whose Father was Edmund surnamed Crookback, that was first Earle of Lancaster, and Son to King Henry the third.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a File of three Lambeaux, Argent, each charged on the dexter side of the foot thereof with a canton, Gules.* 1.124 A like File did Lionel Plantagenet bear (who was third Son unto King Edward the third) o∣ver the Armes of France and England, saving that those Cantons, were placed in the highest part of his Labels aforesaid.

The Labell of the Heire apparent (saith Wyrley) is sel∣dom transferred unto the second brother,* 1.125 but when the Inheritance goeth to the daughters of the Eldest brother: in which case, it was permitted unto him, to bear the File as heir male of his family, and as one that remained in expectancy of the Inheritance, if the issue of his Neeces should fail. Note, that the second brother,* 1.126 might not intrude himself into the absolute Signes of his family, the Inheritance being in his Neeces or Kinswomen. Hugh de Hastings, being a second brother, and his po∣sterity did bear a Labell for their difference upon the like occasion, and for the reasons here mentioned.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Vert; a File of three points parted perpale, Gules and Argent, on the first six towers, Or, and the second as many Lionceaux rampant, purpure.* 1.127 Such a File was borne by Edward Plantagenet son and heir to Ed∣mund of Langly, Duke of Yorke, which Edward lived in the time of King Richard the second; by whom he was created Duke of Aubemarle, and was slain in the battell of Agincourt in the time of King Henry the fifth.

* 1.128

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a File of three Lambeaux, Gules, each charged with as many towers, Or. Such a File did Robert D'artois bear, who guided King Edward the third in all his wars against the French. This Robert was a Frenchman, and was thought to have been the first that moved King Edward the third to make his challenge to the Crown of France. Many more exam∣ples might be given of the divers manners of bearing and charging of Files, but these here expressed may suffice to inform the Reader that they are no less sub∣ject to Charges than the bordures before expressed: as also to move him to take a more strict observation of them, as they shall come to hand.

Forasmuch as it hath been anciently questioned (and for ought that I could ever see, resteth as yet undecided) by Bartholus, Budaeus, and other Ju∣dicious persons of their times; whether Files, or Labels should be borne with even points, or odde; some holding that they could not be borne but odde, others maintaining they might be used indifferently as well even as odde. In my former Impression I followed the stronger opinion, and in all the precedent examples have produced patterns of unequall points. Ne∣verthelesse not so resting satisfied, I have sithence endeavoured to examine their use (the faithfullest interpreter of things doubtfull) to which end I took occasion to peruse certain Miscellanean notes of Seals, which I had ga∣thered long agoe: by which Seals it appeared, they had been anciently used to be borne as well even as odde, whereupon (out of my desire to clear all doubts, and to make every thing as perspicuous, and manifold as I could) I resolved to cut such Seals as came to my hands, for the better approba∣tion of this my assertion, and content of the Reader, and withall to set them down according to order of even bearing, viz. 2. 4. 6. &c. before I would conclude this Chapter of files. As in example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Sigillum hoc appendit Chartae cujusdam Joh. ap Howell de Monnemoth fact. Christianae Ball. continenti quoddam escam∣bium unius Curtilagii, in vico vocato Mowkentstreet, &c. Dat. Anno Regni Regis Edvar. III. 32.

This piece of Evidence resteth amongst the writings or deeds of George Thorpe of Wanneswell, Esquire, and one of his Majesties Gent. Pensioners, whose residence is in the Parish of Barckley in the County of Gloucester.

An example of a file with four points, followeth in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, two cheverons, Gules, on a quarter of the second, a File of four points of the first. This Coat was amongst others taken out of an old Masse-book at Gos∣worth, in the County of Chester, wherein they were found fair Limmed many years agoe. As appeareth by a Book of visitation of that Shire, remaining in my own hands, extant to be seen: which visitation was made by William Flower, alias Norrey, King of Armes of the North part beyond the River of Trent, who was associated and accompanied therein, with Robert Glo∣ver, Somerset Herauld, his Marshall, Anno. Dom. 1580.

This Coat might have been more aptly placed hereafter in the second

Section, amongst Ordinaries of diverse kinds, borne one upon another; But that I desired to place all my Labels of even points together without interruption, though I digressed somewhat therein by giving way to ne∣cessity, albeit with breach of Rule and Order; Nonnunquam enim propter excellentiam seu necessitatem receditur à Regulis. This form of bearing of Files with four points, is also warranted by Rowles of great Antiquity; As appeareth by the Coat of Sir Thomas Leyhourne, that bare, Azure, six Li∣onceux Rampant, Or, a File of four points, Gules, which I doe here passe over, as well for brevity, as for impertinency thereof to this place, in respect of the Lions the principall charge thereof. Note here a strange bearing of a File.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

This Seal was affixed unto a certain deed of one Wil∣liam de Curli, as appeareth by a Transcript thereof in my Book of Seals, the effect whereof is brief, as follow∣eth in these words.

Will. de C. fil. Will. de Curli, &c. pro Salute Antecess. &c. terr. in Territorio de Langle. 20. Henr. 3. Teste Hug. le Poer. Vicecom. Warwick. Henr. de Napford, Roberto de Clop∣ton milit. This example serveth to confirm my former assertion; that Files are not onely borne for differen∣ces, but sometimes for the onely Charge of the Coat-Armour, as appea∣reth by the Coat of Henlington, whereof I have given Example, elsewhere: and herein we may observe, a rare form of position thereof, in bend Sinister.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

I have seen a like File of three points borne dexter-waies in Bend, for the onely Charge of the Field, as in this Escocheon, which may receive this blazon, He bea∣reth, Argent, a File of three points in bend, Sable. This Coat-Armour belonged to one Morien an Alien born, buryed in Saint Maries Church in Oxenford.

For the shunning of multiplicity of Examples, I will give an instance of a Coat-Armour, comprehending both sorts of Files, viz. even and odde points, which for that it is simple, and unmixt with any Ordinary or Common Charge, may serve instead of all. As in example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Or, Three files borne barwaies, Gules; The first having five points, the second four, the last Triple poin∣ted, here I am constrained to say, Triple pointed, lest by the iteration of the word Three, I should break the Rule given pag. 13. This is as I take it a Dutch Coat, borne by the name of Liskirk, quasi lis Ecclesia.

Now if any man will demand of me, why I doe spend my oyle and travell in things of so small moment? To such I answer, that so long as I travell to find out the truth, I reckon my travell well bestowed, though the matter be of never so small importance, Suave enim est in minimis e∣tiam vera scire.

There is yet another form of bearing of files, diverse from these before mentioned, which albeit, the same be not in use with us, but seemeth to be a Nationall Custom peculiar to the Kingdome of France: Neverthelesse sithence I have undertaken to treat amongst things of the use of Blazoning Coat-Armour, I would not willingly omit any forme of bearing, or o∣ther remarkable thing, that might make either my self or the Reader more

expert in the use of Blazon. This forme of bearing files which I will now shew you, is not distant some little space from the upper part of the Chief (after the most usuall fashion) but groweth immediatly out of the Chief it self.

* 1.129

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, a file issuing out of the Chiefe without any intermission at all; And is thus blazoned in French; I port D'azure Ʋng file de Gules, movant du Chiefe. These Armoriall differences are (in France) ob∣served upon the Robes of honourable Persons issued out of Princely Families amongst themselves; such Robes (I mean) as are given them, either at the marri∣ages, and funerals of Kings and Queens. As for exam∣ple; It hath been noted that the Lambeaux, Gules, up∣on the Mantles of Orleance, have been adorned with Flowers de Lis. The Lambeaux of Arthois with Castles, Or. Those of Anjou moving out of the Chiefe, only Gules.

In like sort divers other noble Houses of France, viz. of Valois, of berry, and of Allencon, have Bordures either plain or engrailed, or charged with Rey∣sants, those of Ever••ux bastons, Or, and Argent, and they of Burbon bastons, Gules.

Here may rise a question, not unworthy our observation, viz Whether like as the eldest brother is preferred before the second, so the son of the eldest brother, shall in like sort be preferred, or take place before his Ʋncle? And this hath been holden a great and difficult question a long season; un∣till at length O ho the Emperour of Germany, being at Trevere with his Barons this matter was there questioned, he ordained that the cause should be de∣cided by Combat, wherin the Nephew hardly obtained the victory, which because it was deemed to have proceeded by the secret Judgment of God, it was decreed that from thenceforth the Nephew should be preferred be∣fore the Ʋncle. Of this mind are Nich. Boerius, Lucas de Penna, and John de Montoleno; that the Nephew should take place.

The like question hath risen in France between the second daughter, and the son of the elder sister, as well in Avionin a city of Narbone in France, as in other parts therof,* 1.130 which remained long undetermined. At length it was finally adjudged in the Court of Parliament (holden at Paris) for the Nephewes, for whom also it was likewise decreed in the City of Avinon.

If any man shall demand of me, how it commeth to pass that the Dimi∣nutions or Differences of Armes before mentioned, are so diversly borne, not only in forrain Countries, but also in one selfe Nation: Or why there is not one set forme observed in the use of them with all Nations? I an∣swer, that, it is not possible, because of the infinite actions of men, which are no lesse infinitely subject to mutabilitie, and therefore can by no meanes be reduced to a set forme of bearing universally, according to that saying of an uncertaine Author, Res sunt i••finitae, infiniteque mutabiles, id∣circo praecepto generali comprehendi non possunt.

Besides these Differences before mentioned, other sorts of modern differences were devised for the distinguishing of brethren and persons issued out of one Family, which for the reach they extend unto, doe more manifestly ex∣presse, and (as it were) point out with the finger, how far their severall bea∣rers are distant in degree from their originall ancesters; as also, how each of them standeth in degree one to another among themselves; as by the examples ensuing may appeare.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

The First House.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

The Second House.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

The Third House.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

The Fourth House.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

The Fifth House.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

The Sixth House.

To these single differences expressed in the first of these Rancks doth Gerard Leigh adde three other to make up the number of nine; which Number he laboured much to make compleat throughout all his book. The forme of which three, are these: viz. the Rose, the Crosse Molin, and the Double Cater-foile.

[illustration] emblems of degrees of separation

* 1.131It hath been evermore one observation with Nations in bearing of Armes, that as every particular family (saith Sir Iohn Ferne) did bear Armes, different in substance from those of other families, so those that are descended of the selfesame blood, should likewise beare the Armes of that house and Family whereof they are descended, in a different manner each from other, (not in substance but in accidents) for the distinguishing of their Line of Agnation. And the apposition of these Differences, albeit they seeme to make some alteration in the Coate-Armours, wherunto they are annexed, yet is the same but meerely Accidentall, the substance still remaining as it was before; the nature of these Appositions being such as is of all other Acci∣dents, Ʋt possunt abesse, & adesse sine subjecti interitu.

* 1.132And these differences annexed to Coat-Armours are of some Authours termed (& that not improperly) Diminutiones armorum, in respect they doe derogate from the dignity of the Armes whereto they are added, as ex∣presly manifesting them to be of lesse esteem than those from which they are derived: Multiplicitas enim individuorum, in eadem specie diminutionem arguit.* 1.133 But doubtlesse, the conceit of Apposition of these differences to Coat-armours was grounded upon the necessity (the common Parent of all in∣ventions) aswell that thereby all confused bearing of armes might be avoi∣ded; as also that the prerogative of the eldest son should be preserved in∣violable. And for this cause hath the eldest of every noble and generous Family,* 1.134 his peculiar manner of sole and plain bearing, which he will in no case permit any other man to use, though he be of the same Family and Sirname,* 1.135 but with addition of some kind of Difference, because the sole bearing of Armes pertaineth onely to the first begotten: In primogenito e∣nim (saith Lyra) tanquam in capite, stat, & remanet splendor geniturae.

* 1.136As touching the dignity of the first begotten, Tremelius in his Annotations upon the 49 of Genesis maketh mention of two chief Prerogatives, due un∣to Reuben, had he not defiled his Fathers Bed; the one of Honour, where∣by he had his Brethren in Subjection unto him; the other of Strength, by reason of his double portion of inheritance.* 1.137 And Chassaneus saith, Ea quae ac∣quiruntur Primogenito, acquiruntur titulo universali, item acquiruntur ut consti∣tuto in dignitate. For these respects the Armes of the Family ought to re∣maine entire to the Eldest, because the second, third, and fourth begotten Sons, cannot arrogate to themselves any such Prerogative, and there∣fore may not bear their Coat but with Difference.

* 1.138Furthermore, these differences here spoken of, are of some Authors called Doctrinae Armorum; and that very aptly, in regard that by the apposition of them to Coat-Armours, our understanding (upon sight of them) is infor∣med from what Line of Consanguinity the Bearer of such difference doth abstract himselfe; whether from the Line ascending, descending, or colla∣terall, as also in what degree he standeth; as, whether he be the second, third, or fourth begotten child of such a Parent. And such apposition is no lesse lawfull, than is the addition of names of Baptisme unto the Sirname of the Family: Sicut enim nomina inventa sunt ad cognoscendos homines, ita arma vel insignia ad familias & personas distinguendas singulatim.

* 1.139There is yet a further use of these differences, in that they serve to pre∣vent and avoid dissentions, debates, challenges, combats, and slaughters. For as to all Brethren there is but one sirname allowed, yet for difference, that one of them may be discerned from another, there is added unto each Brother a praenomen, or name of Baptisme; so is it necessary, that sithence

the Coat-Armour of the Ancestor is competible to all the children (as the mark of the family, whereof they are descended) that a difference should be added to the Coat-Armour of every brother, to mark and limit out to all mens sight the diversity of their Birth and Line whereupon they depend, that so all occasion of challenge may be prevented, when each man know∣eth not onely his place of precedence, but also his nearnesse and place of title to the Inheritance.

Whereas I have formerly among the examples of bordures,* 1.140 used demon∣strations of differences in the blood-royall, of some of the younger sons of Kings; I hold it fit before I conclude this Tract of differences, to give a lit∣tle touch of the necessity why these should be more eminent than those of ordinary use, with persons of inferior estate. First, in regard that if the Coat-Armour of others should have too near a conformity and resem∣blance with the Soveraign Ensignes, the vulgar sort perhaps might (in some cases or pretences) be seduced to follow such a one as were not their King, to the great disturbance of the State, and no lesse perill to the per∣son of their lawfull Soveraign. And not onely is it so in Coats pertaining to the blood-royall, but also in other inferiour callings: for in ancient time (saith Wyrly) when men could not sufficiently distingush their Coat-Armours by changing their devices into other colours, for the number of leaders, that many times were of one house or family; then were they forced to vary their markes by the said additions. And very seldome should you see in those times, Crescents, Mollets, or such small things borne for a difference: or if any such were, they were made so large, that they might easily be discerned by the distance of forty foot. Furthermore, the Soveraign estate and dignity being compared with the quality of any Sub∣ject, the difference will be found so great between them, and the one so far surmounting the other of them, as that reason it self willeth that so great a difference should be put between the Royall Ensignes and the Armes of a Subject, as there is between their estates and degrees, sith those Ensigns are the marks of their worthinesse and esteem.

For these and other respects, it hath been, and yet still is in use,* 1.141 that in addition of differences to the Armes of Kings younger children, the skilfull Heralds have given some of the Honourable Ordinaries, for more apparent distinctions, as a F••sse, Chief, Bend, Pile, Bordure, and such like, as we may manifestly see in divers ancient Coats borne by such noble Personages as have descended from the collaterall lines of the Kings of England, France, Scotland, &c.

Concerning those modern differences before expressed in the form of six rancks, page 36. viz. Crescents, Mollets, Martlets, &c.* 1.142 notwithstanding their institution was ingenious, yet hath tract of time discovered their use to be dangerous, especially in Martiall affaires, by reason of their dark∣ness and unapparent formes, occasioned by imposition of one difference upon another: the perill whereof hath not a little extenuated their esti∣mation. Nevertheless, their invention is not therefore to be condemned, in as much as the events have not fallen out answerable to the intention of their first Deviser: Neither can it be therefore justly said to be done without ground of reason, as a certain Author noteth: Si finis in intellectu operantis sit rationabilis, etiamsi non sequatur quod intenditur, non idcireo dici∣tur irrationabiliter operari.

Here it is to be observed,* 1.143 that differences doe in no wayes appertain un∣to

Sisters, for that they are reputed to be separated and divided from the Family whereof they are descended, in as much as when they are once married, they doe lose their own surname, and doe receive their denomi∣nation from the Family whereof their Husbands are descended. And so much doth the word Soror notifie unto us, as Sosinus saith: Soror est quasi seorsim nata, & à familia separata.

* 1.144To Daughters it is permitted to bear the Armes of their Father, even as the elder brother doth after his Fathers decease, without any scandall or challenge of their elder brother, for that to daughters never were any diffe∣rences allowed, and that for three causes: First, because their Coats are never, or very seldome advanced in the Field, forasmuch as to that sex war is reputed odious. Secondly, for that the Coat-Armour is no longer borne by them than during their life, for the same extendeth not to their Issue. Lastly, because so long as Issue continueth of any of the Brethrens Lines, they are debarred from the inheritance. Yet in some cases they shall bear the Coat-Armour to them and their heirs, as in example. If all the issue of the Brethren happen to become extinct, then the Daughters shall Inherit the Land of their Ancestor. In which case, they may therewithall assume his Coat-Armour, and bear the same by themselves and their heirs for ever. But betwixt those Sisters be allowed no differences or badges of Pedegrees: the reason whereof is, for that sithence by them the Name of the House cannot be preserved; therefore they are admitted to the Inheritance equally, and are adjudged but one Heir to all intents and purposes, in Lawes as well Martiall as Civill, without any eminent prerogative either of Honour or Possesion, betwixt Elder and Younger.

SECT. I. CHAP. VII.

SO much of the Accidents of Armes. viz. Tincture and Differences, compre∣hended in the first part of our premised distribution.

Now of the second member thereof, viz. Parts of Armes.

The parts of Armes are the

• ...Escocheon.
• ...Ornaments without the Escocheon.

An Escocheon is the form or representation of a Shield of what kind so∣ever, and is so called of the Latine word Scutum, which hath the same sig∣nification: whence also an Esquire or Page takes his name, of Scutiger, signi∣fying primarily a Target bearer. And the Target is not unaptly deduced from the Latine word tergus, a beasts hide, whereof at first Shields were made, whereupon Pliny saith, Tergus ad scuta galeasque impenetrabile, An impene∣trable hide fit to make a Shield. And the Poet Statius,

—caesis clypeos vestire juvencis:

With bullocks hides they clad their Shields.

Whence Virgil calls Ajax his Buckler, Septemplex, for the seven-fold dou∣blings of leather:* 1.145 as elsewhere he describes a Target-duo taurea terga: made of two Oxe hides. But the clearest star of our Profession, Mr. Claren∣ceaux takes it from the British word Tarian, and that from the French Thi∣reos, which Pausanius saith, is the Buckler in use amongst the old Gaules. If any here should ask me, why then Escocheons should be used in Heraldry, sith other men are invested with Ensignes of honour, besides Martiall men; I answer them, that as to Military men that token is proper for reward of

that kind of service; so if others by their Vertues, Arts, or Actions,* 1.146 advance either the honour or the welfare of their Countrey, their service is as be∣hoovefull as the others, and themselves as Defenders or Preservers of their Countries peace and happiness (as I have formerly shewed) deserve like∣wise the reward of the Escocheon, being the Hieroglyphick or Emblem of de∣fence and preserving. In which respect that good Prophet Eliah was cal∣led The Chariots and Horsemen of Israel. And by the Civill Law (Imp. in L. Advoc. C. de Advoc.) an Advocate is sayd to be Miles, a martiall man, and to have the same prerogatives, in that they doe civium vitam & patri∣monium defendere, defend the life and livelihood of the Subjects.* 1.147 Touching the divers formes of Shields, I will not here speak; every Country almost ha∣ving their diverse makings: amongst which, the smallest were in use a∣mongst our old Britans, as being most manageable; & the greatest amongst the Romans and Grecians, as may appear by Alexander, who being to passe a river, used his Sheild for his Boat, and his Spear for his Ruther to guide him∣self over. And it was ever held more dishonorable for a man to lose his Buckler, than his sword in field, because it is more praise-worthy to defend a friend, than to hurt a foe, as a Noble Generall once said: Mallem unum Ci∣vem, &c. I had rather save one good Subject, than kill an hundred enemies.

The Accidents in this Escocheon are

• ...Points.
• ...Abatements.

Points are certaine places in an Escocheon diversly named according to their severall Positions.

Whereof some are

• ...Middle.
• ...Remote.

The Middle Points are those that have their location in, or neere to, the Center of the Escocheon.

Such are these; viz. the

• ...Honour
• ...Fesse
• ...Nombrill

Points.

The Fesse Point is the exact Center of the Escocheon.* 1.148 The Honour Point is the next above the same in a direct line. The Nombril is next underneath the Fesse Point, answering in a like distance from the Fesse Point, as Gerard Leigh hath set them downe.

Remote Points are those that have their situation naturally in places fur∣ther distant from the center of the Escochon.* 1.149

Of these some are

• ...Superiour.
• ...Inferiour.

The Superiour Remote Points are those that have their being in the upper part of the Escocheon.

Of these there are

• ...Middle,
• ...Extremes.

The Superior Middle Point doth occupie the precise Middest of the chiefe, betweene the two extremes. The two Superior extream Points do possesse the corners of the Chiefe part of the Escocheon.

And are termed

• ...Dexter,
• ...Sinister.

The Superior Dexter Point hath his beginning near unto the right corner of the Escocheon in the chiefe thereof. The Superior Sinister point is placed neere the Left Angle of the chiefe, in opposition to the Dexter chiefe; wher∣unto, as also to the Middle chiefe Point, it answereth in a direct line.

The inferior Points do occupy the Base of the Escocheon, and thereof have their denomination, and are called Inferior, because they are seated in the lower parts thereof.

Of these also there are both

• ...Middle,
• ...Remote.

Note, That each of these do answer in opposition unto the several Su∣perior chief Points above mentioned, in a direct line, insomuch as by them the location of these might be easily conceived without any further descri∣ption of them, quia posito uno contrariorum, ponitur & alter. Neverthelesse, because those things that are delivered dividedly, are best conceived and understood, I will particularize these as I have done the former, beginning with the Middle Point.

The Middle Base Point doth occupy the exact Middest of the Base of the Escocheon, and answereth perpendicularly to the Middle Superior and Infe∣rior Points. And in like sort doe both the Inferior Base Extreams answer in

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

an equi-distant proportion to the Extreams of the Su∣perior Points placed in the Corner of the Escocheon. That Extream Base Point, on the right hand is na∣med the Dexter Base Point, and that on the left hand is the Sinister Base. And for the better explana∣tion of that which hath been here delivered touch∣ing the Points of an Escocheon; I have here (because examples adde light) expressed the same by manifest demonstrations, placing severall letters upon every of the said Points, according to the description before mentioned.* 1.150 As there is preheminence in the priority of nomination of things, so is there also in their locall distribution: wherefore you must have respect unto the points of an Escocheon, for therein also consisteth a dignity, in as much as one point or place of the Escocheon, is more worthy than another, whereunto you must have regard in blazoning, Quia à dig∣nioribus semper est incipiendum. What those points of an Escocheon are, ap∣peareth in the last precedent Escocheon; and here made more manifest; as in example.

• A Signifieth Dexter Chief Point.
• B Signifieth Precise Middle Chief Point.
• C Signifieth Sinister Chief Point.
• D Signifieth Honour Point.
• E Signifieth Fesse Point.
• F Signifieth Nombrill Point.
• G Signifieth Dexter Base Point.
• H Signifieth Exact Middle Base Point.
• I Signifieth Sinister Base Point.

* 1.151The knowledge of these Points is very requisite in respect, that when divers of these Points are occupied with sundry things of different kinds (as oftentimes it falleth out in some Escocheons) you may be able thereby to assigne unto each Point his apt and peculiar name, according to the dig∣nity of his place. For no man can perfectly Blazon any such Coat, unlesse he doth rightly understand the particular Points of the Escocheon.

SECT. I. CHAP. VIII.

WE come now from points, the first part in our partition of Accidents of an Escocheon, to the second part, which is Abatements.* 1.152 An Abate∣ment is an accidentall mark annexed to Coat-Armour,* 1.153 denoting some un∣gentleman-like, dishonourable, or disloyall demeanour, quality, or stain in the Bearer, whereby the dignity of the Coat-Armour is greatly a∣based.

Abatements doe consist in

• ...Diminution.
• ...Reversing.

Diminution is a blemishing or defacing of some particular point or points, of the Escocheon,* 1.154 by reason of the imposition of some stainand co∣lour thereupon. Note that all these marks of diminution, in the Escoche∣ons next following, must be evermore of some one of the stainand colours, viz. Tawny, or Murrey, and must in no wise be of Metall,* 1.155 neither must they be Charged in any case, for so should they be additions of worship.

These are placed on

• The Middle.
• Some other part of the Escocheon.

Such as are placed in the Middle are expressed in these next two Esco∣cheons following, whereof the first is a Delfe, as in this example.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Delfe, Tenne.* 1.156 To him that revo∣keth his own Challenge (as we call it) eating his word, (saith Leigh) is this abatement given in token thereof. * 1.157Note, that whensoever you shall find two or more of them in one Escocheon, you shall not reckon of them as signes of Abatement, but of Honour; and in like man∣ner, if either they be of Metall, or Charged upon; and so is it also in some other Abatements, which either by their number or colours, doe change their quality and become Charges of perfect bearing.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, an Escocheon reversed, Sanguine.* 1.158 This is that other abatement that occupieth the Mid∣dle point of the Escocheon, and is given unto him that discourteously intreateth either Maid or Widow a∣gainst their will; or to such an one as flyeth from his Soveraigns Banner: he shall bear his Armes after this sort untill such time as he have done some valiant exploit, worthy to be noted by the Heralds; upon whose true report, it may please the Soveraign to re∣store him to his former Bearing; which admission must be done in no lesse private Assembly than in the Mustering of a Camp.

Such Diminutions as are placed upon some other part of the Esco∣cheon,

Doe occupy

• ...One point alone.
• ...More than one.

That which occupieth one alone, is called a Dexter point parted, an ex∣ample whereof you may see in this next Escocheon.

* 1.159

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a point Dexter parted, Tenne: this Diminution is due unto him that overmuch boa∣steth himselfe of his Martiall acts. If a man doe per∣forme any praise-worthy Action, the self deed will sufficiently commend him though he hold his peace; and therefore Seneca lib. 2. de Beneficijs, doth repre∣hend this kinde of vaine boasting; Res loquatur (saith he) nobis tacentibus, Let our deeds speake, let our tongues be silent: or if we will needs have verball praise, let us seek it by the direction of that wise King, Laudet te alius, & non os tuum, aliena labia non lingua tua. Let another man be thy Trumpeter, and not thine owne mouth. For indeed, that marke wherewith Judicio Virgil brandeth Drances, doth seldome deceive, Lin∣gua melior, sed frigida bello Dextera, Whose tongue is quickest to speak, his arme in fight is weak. And albeit a man be truely valiant in deeds of Arms, yet Laus in ore proprio sordescit, It is ungentlemanlike to boast of it, Plutarch writes of young Marius, that his talk and gesture was so stout, that he got the name of Martis filius, the sonne of Mars; but when it came to the proofe, he was so farre from what he seemed, that he gained a new name of Veneris filius, the sonne of Venus.

Such Diminutions as doe occupy more then one point of the Escocheon,

Doe comprehend,

• ...Foure points.
• ...Lesse then foure.

That diminution of the former sort, is this which you see in this Esco∣cheon, and is due to him that is slothfull in the warres.

* 1.160

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Point in Point, Sanguine, Herein you may see in part how necessary it is to know the Points of the Escocheon before expressed. Inasmuch as this one Abatement compriseth these foure Points, viz. the Honour, together with the dexter and sinister, and the exact base points. For it is very manifest that the one of these Arch-lines hath his being from the dexter, and the other from the sinister base points, and doe meet in an acute Angle in the Honour point, an∣swering perpendicularly to the precise base point. In former ages this vice was chastised by another kind of punishment, saith Chassaneus, Quando Miles se male gesserit in bello, potest Iudex scutum suum per∣forari facere,* 1.161 ut hoc exemplo alij Milites in praelio sint fortiores: If a Souldier demean himself not well in fight, the Judge Martiall may cause his Escoche∣on to be pierced, to teach others by this chastisement, to be more valorous But contrariwise it is honourable for a man of Arms, to have blowes appear in his Bukler, given by his foes; as is memorable in our ancient Countryman Scaeva (the principal man who taught Julius Caesar the way to conquer Bri∣tain) whose valour Caesar hath eternized with this acknowledgement, that it was he alone who saved the fortification against Pompey at Dyrrachium, where Caesar perused his Buckler, and found 230. holes pierced in it. And therefore because the dastard dares not come so neere the Enemy, to beare his strokes on his shield, he must be content to take this piercing of some of his owne side in Armes.

Those Diminutions that doe comprehend fewer than foure,

Are either, of

• ...Three,
• ...Two.

Such are said to comprehend three points, whose lines doe bound so ma∣ny within their limits, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, Point Champain, Tenne.* 1.162 This is the first of those Diminutions, that doe comprehend three points, and is formed of one Arch-line, which taketh his beginning from the Dexter base (and including the middlemost) and endeth in the Sinister base point. This is due unto him that killeth his Prisoner, (hum∣bly submitting himself) with his own hands, though in extream need it is allowed by the Law of Armes, rather to kill, then to hazzard himself to be slain;* 1.163 Alwaies (saith Sir John Froysard) by right Arms of a man ought to grieve his enemy, and good company of Armes is mercy to Knights and Souldiers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a plain point Sanguine.* 1.164 This Abate∣ment comprehendeth the same points that the last precedent doth, but differeth from the same herein, that the former is framed of an Arch-line, and this of a Right-line. This Abatement is due to him that telleth lies, or other false tales, to his Soveraign. For if light eares incline to light lips, harme ensueth; and war is then easily begun but hardly allaid again, when mis∣report and light credence meet together.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Goare Sinister, Tenne.* 1.165 This Abatement consisteth of two Arch-lines drawn from the Sinister chiefe, and bottome of the Escocheon, and meeting in a sharp Angle in the Fesse Point. This is the third and last of the Abatements, that occupieth three points of the Escocheon, and is due to him that is a coward to his enemy. For we must conceive that Gores and likewise Gussets are things in use among women, especially Sempsters, & therfore are fit notes of cow∣ards and womanish dipositions. But as for the Dexter Goare, we must otherwise esteem of it; for (saith Leigh) though it be of Stain and colour, yet is it exempted out of the number of abatements,* 1.166 and it is a good Coat for a Gentlewoman; many of which sex are so far from the stain of Cowardize, as they will not turn their backs to men of grea∣test valour; but like the valiant Penthesilea, Audetque viris concurrere virgo, The damosell faire dares meet the stoutest man; saith Virg. 1. Aeneid. But if there be both Dexter and Sinister (saith he) it is too bad to be borne, for although it be charged, yet doth it dishonour the thing that is thereupon.

That Abatement that comprehendeth onely two points of the Escocheon is called a Gusset,* 1.167 and is formed of a Traverse line drawn either from the Dexter or Sinister chief point of the Escocheon tending to the Honour point, and descending from thence perpendicularly to the extream base parts of the Escocheon; as in this next example appeareth, wherein are expressed both the Dexter and Sinister Gores.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, 2. Gussets, Sanguine. In Abating (saith Leigh) there is but one Gusset: and he that is too much devoted to the smock, shall weare the Gusset on the right side; but he that committeth Ido∣latry to Bacchus, the Gusset on the left side, shall be his reward. If he be faulty in both, then he shall beare both, as in the Escocheon present. Such a Coat as this I finde borne by the name of Coningham, saving that the field is Sable, and the Gussets Argent, and therefore not to be taken to be of this kinde, according to the rule touching the Delfe.

Hitherto of such Abatements as doe abase the estimation of the Coat̄ar∣m u•• whereunto they are annexed, in some parts or points of them onely, being the first sort of Abatements, whereof we prmised to speake.

* 1.168Now followeth the last, and worst of all the rest, which is a Coat-Armour rev••rsed. Reversing is a preposterous manner of location of a Coat-armour, by tur∣ning of the whole Escocheon upside downe, contrary to the usuall forme of bearing, after this manner.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth light blew, 4. Mollets, yellow. 2. in the Fesse, and as many in the Chiefe. This forme of bearing is pe∣culiar to a Traitor, such an one (saith Leigh) was he that owed these Armes, whose name was Sir Armery of Pavy, a Lombard born, an unworthy Captain of Ca∣lice, and Traitor to King Edward the third, in selling the same to Sir G ffrey Charney for 20000. Crowns. To this kind of bearing is this forme of B••••zon (beginning at the Base first) peculiar, and to no other, in respect that as this Escocheon standeth, the Base Point is the high••st part thereof. By this inglorious subversion of the Escocheon, the dignity thereof is not blemished only in some points, as the former, but is essentially annihilated in the whole. In all other Crimes, though Capitall, the punishment transcendeth not the person of the Offender, Qu••a nullum de••ic••um patris innocenti filio poena est (saith Chassaneus) the innocent son shall not bear the punishment of the fathers offence.* 1.169 But in this which we call Cri∣men Laesae Majestatis, or high treason (being an offence so horrible and de∣testable before God and Man) it is far otherwise, for herein as well the children of the Offenders, as the Traitors themselves, shall participate of the heavy vengeance due to so great an impiety, although not in that deep measure that the father doth; and that by the imitation of the di∣vine Justice; that so men might be deterred, not only from the actuall committing,* 1.170 but also from the confederation and concealment of an of∣fence so highly displeasing God, and abhorring Nature. For when a fact is committed or intended against the person of him that swayeth the Sove∣raign State (wherein he representeth the image of the divine government) it is not so much offensive against the person of the Prince, as it is against the Majesty of the Eternall God, whose Image he beareth. And the welfare of the Subjects depending on the safety of the Soveraign, the danger inten∣ded to the one, hath in it a guilt of endamaging the lives of millions.

* 1.171As touching persons convicted of High Treason in the Justice of the Law of Armes, for the further coertion of so hainous a fact as Treason is, and for a further punishment both of the Traitor and of his whole Progeny; it is to

be observed, that if a Gentleman of Coat-armour hath issue divers Sons, and committeth Treason, he hath forfeited his Coat-armour for ever, neither may his issue bear the same, Quia eorum memoria d••strui debet. For that the memory of them may utterly be exstinguished. For sithence it is held they may be lawfully killed, seeing they are said to be enemies to the King and Peo∣ple, much more is it lawfull to prohibit to their Heirs, together with the inheritance, their Armes also, and stile of Gentry: in so much as some are of opinion, that the son loseth Jura Sepulchrorum, the rights and ceremonies of Buriall accustomed to G••ntry. And of Mar••us M••nlius (who was condem∣ned of Treason against the Roman State) we find a Law, that none should ever bear that name. A notable example whereof we saw of late on the instrument or that devillish Parricide on the late puissant King of France, for the obliterating of the name and memory of such a villain out of that Kingdome.* 1.172 And in Ireland such Traitors as are convicted by the Acts and Ordinances of the high Court of Parliament, are by force thereof adjudg∣ed to suffer dammage in their name, state, preheminence, dignities and ho∣nour to them due in fore-passed times. As in all their Offices, Lor ships, Castles M nnors, and in all their Hereditaments whatsoever: Moreover that th••y shall sustain corruption of their blood and family, and both him∣self and his posterity are (by force of such conviction and Judgment) dis∣abled to demand, receive or recover of any man by descent from any of their Ancestors, either lineall or collaterall; neither are the Children of persons so convicted, permitted to make their Pedegree, or to derive themselves from such Parents.

Finally, if such an one were invested with any honourable dignity, the Lawes adjudg not onely his Coat-armour to be razed, and his Shield reversed, but also his Spear trunked, his spurs hewen from his heeles, his horse docked, his sword to be broken upon his helmet, his Crest divided, his Statues pulled down, his blood corrupted, and his body to death, (nisi speciali Regis rescripto intervenerit gratia, without the Kings speciall pardon) his Family at an end, his possessions taken away (and for a greater terror) given to some other Fami∣ly, whose profitable service to the King and State may better deserve it.* 1.173 So loathsome is this offence to Nobility, that she cannot suffer the Markes of him that hath offended in so high a degree, to possesse any place with her Ensigns; but that the same shall be without all reverence defaced, and spur∣ned into some base place: so that by such his degradation, he receiveth far greater shame and ignominy, than ever he received honour by his ad∣vancement; according to the old Proverbe,

Turpius ejicitur, quam non admittitur hospes▪

The shame is lesse ne'r to attain, Than having won to lose again.

The end of the first Section.

Tum Dignum operae pretium venit, cum inter se congruunt Praecepta & Expe∣rimenta.

THE second Section maketh mention of the severall Kinds of Escocheons: Also, what Field and Charge are: The severall kinds of Charges, and their Common Accidents: Of Lines, with their divers Forms and Properties: The Making, and divers manner of Bearing of Ordinaries; and their Subdivisions: Together with divers Notes, Rules, and Observations to them particularly belonging.

The Table of the Second Section.

• Kindes, which are of
  • Some one Tincture, as when a Coat-Armour consisteth of any one of the Metals, Colours, or Furres onely.
  • More Tinctures than one, wherein must be conside∣red the
    • Field, which hath Tincture
      • Predominating: of which form of bearing, there be manifold examples in and throughout the second, third, and fourth Sections.
      • Not Predominating: whereof there are divers examples in the fifth Se∣ction.
    • Charge, which is
      • Proper, which are called Or∣dinaries. Wherein note their
        • Making, which consisteth of lines: wherein observe their
          • Accidents which are their
            • Rightnesse, as when they are evenly carri∣ed throughout the Field.
            • Crooked∣ness, whereof some are
              • Bunched forme, as in lines Engrailed, Invecked, Wa∣ved, &c.
              • cornered,
                • Rect-Anguled, as in Coats Em∣battelled, Cre∣nelle, &c.
                • Acute-anguled, as in Indenting and Dancette.
          • Kindes,
            • Single, which of it selfe maketh a Chiefe.
            • Manifold, viz.
              • Twofold, whereof are for∣med these Ordinaries following, viz. a Pale, Bend, Fesse, Gyron, Can∣ton, Quarter-Pile, &c.
              • More then twofold, which doe constitute a Crosse, Saltire, Inescocheon, and Orle.
        • Manner of bearing which is
          • Simple, compre∣hending
            • One sort, whereof some are
              • Single, as when a Cross, Bend, Pale, Pile, Fesse, or other Ordinary is borne alone, without any other Apposition or Imposition.
              • Mani∣fold, as when more of the same kind are borne
                • One upon another, as a Crosse upon a Cross, a Saltire upon a Saltire, &c.
                • One be∣sides a∣nother, as a
                  • Pallet
                  • Bend
                  • Pale
                  be∣sides
                  • a Pallet
                  • 2 Cotizes
                  • 2 Endor∣ses.
            • Divers sorts borne in like man∣ner,
              • One upon another,
                • Barres
                • Cheuron
                • Escocheon
                up∣on a
                • ...Cheuron.
                • ...Pile.
                • ...Saltire.
              • One be∣sides ano∣ther,
                • Saltire
                • Escocheon
                • Cheuron
                be∣sides a
                • ...Chiefe.
                • ...Crosse.
                • ...Chiefe.
          • Compound, as having in them some kind of mixture, by reason of apposition, or imposition of Common Charges unto or upon these Ordinaries.
      • Common, whereof see the Table of the third Section, at this mark, 69.

SECTION II. CHAP. I.

HAving formerly handled in the first Section the Common Acci¦dents of an Escocheon, viz. Points and Abatements:* 1.174 Now will I proceed to shew their severall kinds.

Escocheons are either of

• ...One Tincture.
• ...More than one.

Those Escocheons are said to be of one Tincture that have onely some one Metall, Colour, or Furre, appearing in the Shield of any Nobl••man,* 1.175 or Gentleman. Concerning this forme of bearing, it hath been holden of some Writers a matter doubtfull, whether one Metall, Colour or Furre borne a∣lone in a Shield be ancient or honourable: Sir John Ferne affirmeth, such Bearing to be false Armes, and not worth the receiving, except in some speciall cases; being perhaps thereunto induced, because it was reckoned among the Romans a thing reproachfull to bear a naked Shield without any Portraicture, in regard it was an usuall thing with men of valour and courage to have their Shields painted.

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

White Shields were accustomed to be bestowed up∣on such as were Novices in Martiall affaires,* 1.176 or (as we commonly call them) Freshwater Souldiers, to the end they might in future time merit to have them garni∣shed with the titles and testimonies of their valo∣rous deserts, untill which time such Shields were reckoned inglorious:* 1.177 as Virgil noteth in his Aeneidos lib. 11.

Ense levis nudo, parmaque inglorius alba:

Quick he was with naked Sword, But white Shield did no praise afford.

Contrariwise, Leigh reckoneth such unportraicted bearing to be good, and withall very ancient, grounding his assertion (if I be not deceived) upon the 1 Kings 10.16. where it is said, that King Salomon made 200 Targets of beaten gold, and that 600 Sheckles of gold went to a Target; as also that he made 300. Shields of beaten gold, and that three pound of gold went to one Shield.

Also we read, that Simon, the High Priest of the Jewes, sent Numenius with a Shield of great value to the Roman state, to confirme the league of friendship between them, as appeareth in 1 Macchab. 14.24. in these words; After this Simon sent Numenius to Rome, with a great Shield of gold of a thousand pound weight, to confirme the friendship with them: And in the letter of Lucius the Consull mention is againe made of the thousand pound weight of this golden Shield, 1 Macchab. 15, 16, 17, 18.

* 1.178

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

That these Shields were void of Portraictures, it may be probably conjectured, in that there is no mention of any; for otherwise, such might have been the curiousnesse and excellency of their workmanship, as that it might have been prised above the worth of the gold it self: an example whereof, Ovid in M ta∣mor. lib. 2. giveth, where describing the glorious beauty of the Palace of the Sun, he saith,

Argentei bifores radiabant lumine valvae, Materiam superabat opus; nam Mulciber ille, &c.

The two leaved silver gates bright raies did cast, Rich stuffe, but Vulcans Art therein surpast.

* 1.179Furthermore we read that Alex. Severus the Emperour had certain gol∣den Shields, whose Bearers were named Chrysoaspides, the golden Shield Bea∣rers. And as touching the Bearers of Shields made of clean Silver, we read that Alex.* 1.180 Macedo had such, whose Bearers were named Argiroaspides, Sil∣ver-Shield Bearers, which manner of bearing (saith Alex. ab Alex.) they borrowed of the Samnites. Neither is there any mention that these were garnished with any Emb••ssements, Graving, or Portraictures.

* 1.181Now to prove, that not onely Metals, but Colours also have been anci∣ently borne alone in Shields: I will note unto you the words of the Pro∣phet N hum, Chap. 2. where it is said Clypeus potentum ejus rubricatus, bellato∣res coccinati, &c. The Shield of the mighty ones were red, &c. alluding to their bloudy fights.

We also find that the Grecians used Russet Shields; the people of Lu∣cania in Italy, scituated between Calabria and Apulia, had their Shields wrought of Osiers, or twigges, and covered over with leather. It was the manner of the Scythians, Medes and Persians, to have their Shields of Red colour, to the end that the effusion of their blood should not easily be dis∣covered (when they received any wound) either to the discouragement of themselves, or animating of their enemies. Moreover, these Nations used Scarlet and Red colours i•• their Military garments, and Shields, to the end they might thereby strike the greater terror and astonishment into the hearts of their enemies.

* 1.182

[illustration] example of blazon or coat of arms

Of this sort of Bearing, I find in a note worthy of credit, amongst the Coat-Armours of many Noble Personages,* 1.183 and valorous gentlemen, that did attend the person of King Edward the first (in his Expediti∣on that he made into the parts of Scotland to the siege of Kalavero••k) that one Eumenius de la Brect, did bear in his Shield onely, Gules. Finally, that Furres also have been alone in Shields (without any Charge) as well as Metals and colours (besides the Coat Armour of the Duke of Britain) I could produce many exam∣ples even to this day; were not the use hereof so vulgar, as that it is al∣together impertinent to give instance therein.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

You have received a Rule before pag. 23. and 25. how you ought to Blazon a Furre of this sort. This kind of bearing of a Furre without any other Charge in the Field, is both ancient and good, saith Leigh. And this kind of Furre is much in use with persons Nobly descended, and gentlemen of good reputa∣tion have long borne the same, as Ferrars of Chart∣ley, Beauchamp, Somerset, Marmion, Staunton, and o∣thers.

Yet will I note unto you three Coat-Armours consisting of Furres, for their beauty and rarity, and those of no vulgar bearing, as you may see in these next Escocheons following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Varey, a Chief, Or, by the name of Tich∣borne, of Tichborne in the County of Southampton, at this time dignified with the title of Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth verrey, Ermyne and Gules, by the name of Gresly of Drakelow in the County of Darby. Some∣times you may Observe in this kind of bearing, the Metall part charged with some other thing than Er∣mine, viz. with Drops or such like. Of this Family is the honourable Sir Thomas Gresly of Drakelow Baro∣net now living, 1658.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a Fesse between two Cheverons Vaire, which is the Coat of the ancient Family of Good-yere of Hadley in the County of Middlesex. Hythrope in Com. Oxford, and P••ulsworth in Warwick-shire.

SECT. II. CHAP. II.

FRom Shields or Escocheons consisting of one Tincture onely,* 1.184 we come to such as have more Tinctures than one. Such Escocheon is that, wherein divers colours are represented to our sight.

Of this some have Tincture

• ...Predominating,
• ...Not Predominating.

Tincture is said to be predominate, when some one metall, colour, or fur,* 1.185 is

spread or (at least) understood to be spread all over the Superficies or Sur∣face of the Escocheon, which we usually call the Field thereof. In such Es∣cocheons as have in them more Tinctures than one (as is usuall with the greatest number of them.

We must observe the

• Field,
• Charge.

* 1.186The Field is the whole Surface (if I may so call it) of the Shield overspread with some Metall, Colour or Furre, and comprehendeth in it the charge, if it hath any. Look how many Metals, Colours and Furs there are before named, so many severall Fields of Armes there be. In Blazoning of any Armes, you must (according to the Rule given, pag. 14.) first expresse the Metall, Colour or Furre of the Field, saying, He beareth, Or, Argent, Gules, &c. or thus, The Field is Or, Argent, Gules, &c. but you must not name this word Field, when you use these words, He beareth; saying, He beareth a Field, Or, Argent, Gules, &c. but you shall onely name the Metall, Colour, or Furre; thus, The Field is, Or, Argent, Gules, &c. or, He beareth, Or, Argent, Gules, &c. and then proceed to the Blazon of the Charge, if there be any. The first Metall, Colour or Fur, that you begin to Blazon withall, is alwayes understood among our English Blazoners to be the Field.* 1.187 Also in Blazoning of Armes composed of Field and Charge, if there be severall charges, whereof the one lyeth nearer to the Field than the other, after you have nominated the Metall, Colour or Furre of the Field then must you proceed to the immediate charge that lyeth next to the Field, and after to that which is more remote.

* 1.188Whereas I have formerly made mention of the Tinctures or Colours, when I speak of the Tinctures or colours of Fields, I understand thereby, those speciall colours before named, which as by a certain peculiar right be∣longeth to the Art-armoriall, utterly excluding all those that are named generall or proper colours, as altogether unfit for Fields of Coat-Armours.

SECT. II. CHAP. III.

THese Fields are the parts of Armes, containing: Charges, which are the parts contained, are next to be considered.

A Charge, is that thing whatsoever that doth occupy the Field, and is in the same as Contentum in Continente, whether it be Sensitive or Vegetable, Naturall of Artificiall, and is placed, either throughout all the Superfi∣cies of the Escocheon, or else in some speciall part of the same.

The common accidents of Charges are

• Adumbration, or Transparency.
• Transmutation, or Counter-Changing.

Adumbration or Transparency, is a clear exemption of the substance of the Charge, or thing borne, in such sort, as that there remaineth nothing there∣of to be discerned, but the naked and bare proportion of the outward li∣neaments thereof, or the outward Tract, Purfle, or shadow of a thing; and such kind of bearing is by better Heralds than Gramarians, tearmed transpa∣rent, quasi transparens, because the Field being (as it were) on the further side of the Charge, or underneath the same, yet the Tincture and Colour thereof sheweth clean thorough the Charge, and that no lesse clearly than as if it were thorough a glasse.

* 1.189In Blazoning of Coat-armour of this kind, you shall say that the owner

thereof beareth this beast, bird, tree, &c. umbrated; for that by reason of the exemption of the substance thereof, which was intended to be the Charge, it affordeth no other representation than the simple shadow thereof, which in Latine is called umbra, and thereof is it tearmed umbrated. And the Portracting out of any thing umbrated, is nothing else but a sleight and single draught or Purfle, traced out with a Pensill,* 1.190 expressing to the view a vacant forme of a thing deprived of all substance, which must be done with some unperfect or obscure colour, as Black or Tawny, unlesse the Field be of the same Colour.

Such bearing hath undergone the sharp censure of those that judged it to have been occasioned by reason of some ungentlemanlike or unthrifty quality, in regard that the same representeth a shadow void of substance.* 1.191 O∣thers are of opinion that their owners were such, whose Progenitors in fore∣passed times have borne the same essentially and compleatly according to the true use of bearing; but forasmuch as their patrimony and possessions were much impaired, or utterly wasted; their Nephews and Kinsmen seeing themselves deprived of their Inheritance, and yet living in hope, that in fu∣ture time the same may (by some unexpected accident) revert unto them∣selves or to their posterities (laying aside all ordinary differences) chose ra∣ther to bear their Arms umbrated, that whensoever either that inheritance or any other high fortunes should light on their family, they might again resume the wonted substance to such their umbrated forme, and so reduce their Armes to their ancient bearing. And it is deemed a farre better course (upon such occasion) to beare the Armes of their Proginitors, umbrated, than utterly to reject the same whereby it might (within a few descents) be doubted much, if not denied, that they were descended from such a Fa∣mily.

Whatsoever is borne with Armes umbrated,* 1.192 must not be charged in any case: In Blazoning you must never nominate the colour of such tract of the thing that is umbrated,* 1.193 because they doe onely bear a shew of that they are not, that is to say, of a Charge; and therefore is the colour of such Adrum∣bration esteemed unworthy to be named in Blazon. As touching the distri∣bution of Charges, it is to be observed, that

All Charges of Arms are either

• Proper, or* 1.194
• ...Common.

Those Charges are said to be Proper, which by a certain property do pe∣culiarly belong to this Art, and are of ordinary use therein,* 1.195 in regard wher∣of, they are called Ordinaries: and they have also the title of Honourable Or∣dinaries, in that the Coat-armour is much honored therby,* 1.196 forasmuch as they are oftentimes given by Emperors, Kings and Princes, as Additions of Honour unto the Coat-armours of persons of desert, for some speciall service already past, or upon hope of some future worthy merit. Moreover (as Leigh sheweth) they are also called, most worthy partitions,* 1.197 in respect that albeit the Field be charged in divers parts thereof, whether with things of one or of divers kinds, yet is every of them as effectuall as if it were only one by the Soveraignty of these partitions being interposed between them.

In these we must consider their

• ...Making,
• ...Manner of bearing.

The making of Ordinaries consisteth of Lines diversly composed.* 1.198 Lines therefore are the matter wherof these Ordinaries are formed, and according to the divers Tracts and formes of Lines, they doe receive a divers shape

and variation of Names. For this cause, Lines must be duly considered, and especially their properties: in speaking whereof, I must crave pardon of Euclydes Artists, if I trace not in their steps and definitions, but use such descriptons as shall be fittest for our practise.

The Properties of those Lines are their

• ...Rightnesse.
• ...Crookednesse.

Duae sunt lineae ex quibus figurae omnes componuntur, linea recta, & linea cur∣va, Zanch. Lib. 3. Cap. 422.

* 1.199Rightnesse is a property of a Line whereby it is carryed levelly or equally throughout the Escocheon, without either rising or falling. Crookednesse is a property of a Line meerly contrary to Rightnesse, in that it is carryed une∣venly throughout the Escocheon, with rising and falling.

* 1.200In Blazoning of Ordinaries formed of straight lines, you must only name the Ordinary, without making mention of the straightnesse of the Line where∣of the same is composed: but if the same be made of any of the manifold sorts of crooked Lines, the form of such crookednesse must be especially men∣tioned; as by Examples shall be plain hereafter in their proper places.

These Honourable Or∣dinaries before men∣tioned (according to Leigh) are in number nine, viz.

• ...Crosse,
• ...Chiefe,
• ...Pale,
• ...Bend,
• ...Fesse,
• ...Escocheon,
• ...Cheuron,
• ...Saltire,
• ...Barre,

whose Con∣tent is

• 5. Part of the Escocheon un∣charged, & charged the 3.
• 3. Part.
• 3. Part.
• 5. Part uncharged, and charged the 3.
• 3. Part.
• 5. Part.
• 5. Part according to Leigh: the 3. according to Chas.
• 5. Part uncharged, & char∣ged the 3 part thereof.
• 5. Part.

* 1.201As touching the properties of a Crooked Line, it is to be observed, that

A Crooked Line is

• ...Bunched
• ...Cornered.

* 1.202A Bunched Line is that which is carried with round reflections or bowings up and down, making divers hollow Crooks or Furrows, by reason of the sun∣dry bendings to and fro, as by these examples next following may appear.

Of these some are

• ...Invecked,
• ...Ingrailed,
• ...Waved,
• ...Nebulae,

As in example,

• ...
  [illustration] bunched line
• ...
  [illustration] bunched line
• ...
  [illustration] bunched line
• ...
  [illustration] bunched line

* 1.203A Corner Line is framed of sundry lines meeting together corner-wise.

• Of corner∣ed Lines, some are
  • Rect-anguled: so called of their right corners or angles, and are for∣med after this manner,
    [illustration] corner line
  • Acute-anguled: so na∣med because their corners or angles are acute, or sharp; and these we call
    • Indented, after this manner,
      [illustration] corner line
    • Daunsette, which are formed after this sort,
      [illustration] corner line

Note, That these two last mentioned sorts of Lines, viz.* 1.204 Indented and Daunsette, are both one, secundum quale, but not secundum quantum: for their forme is all one, but in quantity they differ much, in that the one is much wider and deeper than the other. Of all these severall sorts of Lines, ex∣amples shall be given hereafter, as occasion shall arise.

SECT. II. CHAP. IV.

HAving spoken of the properties of Lines, so much as serves for our in∣tended purpose; let us next take a view of the severall kindes of those Lines, as far forth as they have use in Heraldry.* 1.205

For they are used

• ...Single,
• ...Manifold.

Of both which kinds and forms are all the Honourable Ordinaries com∣posed,* 1.206 as we shall shew hereafter. And first for the Single Lines and their use, it is to be understood, that one single line doth make that sort of Or∣dinary which we name a Chiefe.* 1.207 A Chiefe is an Ordinary determined by some one of the severall forms of Lines aforesayd, added to the Chief part of the Escocheon, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Chiefe, Argent, by the name of Woorkesh. When I say, that a Chiefe is determined by one line, I mean not, that one single Line is of it selfe a compleat Chiefe, but that the bounds and pro∣portion of such an Ordinary is designed out and limi∣ted by such a single Line: for otherwise, to speake more properly, a Chiefe containeth in depth the third part of the Field; and the same may be diminished,* 1.208 but in no case divided into halves. The Cheefe beto∣keneth a Senator or honourable Personage borrowed from the Greeks, and is a word signifying a Head, in which sense we call Capitaneus (so named of Caput the Head) a Chiefetaine: though he spake wittily, who derived the name of a Captaine, à capiendo & tenendo, of ta∣king and then holding: For,

Non minor est virtus, quam quaerere, parta tueri:

No smaller praise is in it, To hold a Fort, than win it.

And as the head is the chief part in a man, so the chief in the Escocheon should be a reward of such onely, whose high merits have procured them chiefe place, esteeme, or love amongst men.* 1.209 This Ordinary in our example you see is formed of a streight Line: you must therefore in the Blazon thereof, onely name the kind of Ordinary (as before we admonished) ma∣king no mention at all of the straightnesse of the line: but if the same, or any other Ordinary be framed of any other forme than straight, then must you expresly mention the forme of the line whereof such Ordinary is com∣posed, be it Bend, Cheuron, Fesse, Saltire, &c. shewing the same to be either Invecked, Ingrailed, Wavay, Indented, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, a Chief, Gules, by the Name of Lum∣ley, and is the bearing of that worthy Gentleman Sir Martin Lumley, Baronet, Son of Sir Martin Lumley Knight and Baronet, son of Sir Martin Lumley Knight, Lord Mayor of London, 1623.

* 1.210

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a Chief Crenelle, Argent; by the name of Ryncester. This term is derived of the French word Crene, which signifieth the dent or notch in the horne of a bow, or such other thing. There is a kind of bearing much like unto this in shew, but yet farre different from it in kind: therefore good deliberati∣on must be used, lest being carryed away with a de∣ceivable appearance, we do utterly mistake the truth of things in Blazoning.

* 1.211Chiefes are made of all those severall formes of lines before mentioned, as well as other Charges, as by the examples of Bordures before handled may in part appear, and shall be more fully shewed here∣after in other kinds.

* 1.212

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Tenne, a Chief, Or, charged with a Sha∣pourneth, Ermyne. This tearm Shapournet (if I mistake not) is derived from th•• French word Chaperon, which signifieth a Hood, whereof this is a Diminutive, and beareth a resemblance. Leigh seemeth to take this form of bearing to be a kind of partition, and for that cause doth extend the dividing line (as in this Esco∣cheon) to the extremities of the Chief; for which cause I have inserted the same (although untimely) in this place, which otherwise I would have reserved to some other. For mine own part, I take the same to be rather a Charge to the Chief, than a portion thereof, distinguished from the same only by a conceited line of partition, never heretofore heard of: which moved me to shorten the head of the rising line, whereby the middle part hath the more resemblance of a Chaperon or Hood, in respect that it is made large below, and so ascending with a comely narrownesse to the top of the Chiefe: and if the Chief be the Head, as before we said, what place can be fitter for the Hood to be on, than the Head?

A Chief (saith Sir John Ferne) may be honoured of another, as an Addi∣tion to the former, as in Examples:

* 1.213

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a Chief, Argent, surmounted of an∣other, Or. This is accounted good Armory, and signi∣fieth a double reward given by the Soveraign. So well may a Gentleman deserve in giving counsell to his So∣veraign, that he may be twice rewarded for the same, as was the Bearer hereof a French Counsellour, which when it hapneth, must be placed in this manner: Those Additions of honour that are given in reward for Counsell or wise actions are thought to be placed

most fitly on the chief part or head of the Escocheon, Quia à Capite edenda est omnis ratio, Because all reason proceedeth from the brain. That contrariwise a Chief may be also diminished, this next example may teach us.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, a Chief, Azure,* 1.214 a Fillet in the nether part thereof, Argent. Some perhaps strictly obser∣ving the forme of my undertaken Method, will con∣ceive that this Coat might have been more fitly pla∣ced hereafter among such Ordinaries as are made of a twofold line. Neverthelesse, though it may seem to be of the number of those, yet in very deed, one line be∣ing added to the lower part of the Chief, doth consti∣tute a Fillet, whose Content must be the fourth part of the Chief, and must be placed properly and naturally in the precise lowest part thereof. For a twofold respect was the name of Fillet given it; the one in regard of the thing whereunto it is resembled, by reason of the length and narrowness thereof,* 1.215 and the other because of the place wherein it is bestowed. For as the Fillet is shaped long and narrow for the more commodious use of women in trussing up of their haire, as also for the fastning of their Head-tires, and restraining of their haire from scattering about their browes; so is this very aptly placed on the Chief, which is the head of the Escocheon, and doth confine and encompass the uttermost borders of the same. This Head-tire being taken from wo∣men, may well fit an uxorious or luxurious person, or such an one as in mat∣ters of importance is overswaied by a woman:* 1.216 which doth not a little extenuate and impaire their dignity or estimation amongst those of gra∣ver sort; for that they are deemed to have their head fixed upon the shoulders of others, and those of the weaker sex.

SECT. II. CHAP. V.

HItherto hath our Pencill drawn out to your view, a single line,* 1.217 which doth create an Ordinary, or some other of the Charges last mentioned: it resteth, that I shew what a Manifold line is, and the use thereof according to the project of our prefixed method. I call that a Manifold line, when as more than one Line are required to the perfecting of an Ordinary.

Manifold lines are

• ...Twofold,
• ...More than twofold.

Twofold lines I understand to be there, where is constituted an Ordinary of two lines. Of which kind of Ordinaries are these onely, viz. The Pale, Bend, Fesse, Bar, Quarter, Canton, and their like, as shall appear by example in their severall places, first of a Pale.

A Pale is an Ordinary consisting of two lines drawn perpendiculary from the Top to the base of the Escocheon, comprehending the third part of the Escocheon. The content of the Pale must not be inlarged▪ ••hether it be charged or not.

* 1.218

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a Pale, Or: which Coat was borne very anciently by Hugh de Grandemesnill Lord of Kinkley in Leicester Shire, and Lord High Steward of England, in the time of King Henry the first.

This Ordinary is subdivided into

• ...Pallet,
• ...Endorse.

* 1.219A Pallet is the moyety or one halfe of the Pale, and thereof receiveth his name of Diminution, as being a Demy or little Pale. And an Endorse is the fourth part of a Pallet.* 1.220 Example of each ensueth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a Pallet, Argent. The Pallet is never charged with any thing, either quick or dead, neither may it be parted in any case into two, as some Armorists doe hold: but that it may be parted into four,* 1.221 Leigh maketh no question; for he giveth an ex∣ample of the bearing of the fourth part thereof, which he tearmeth an Endorse; as in this next Escocheon ap∣peareth: But Sir John Ferne saith, it containeth the eighth part of the Pale, which in effect is all one with the fourth part of the Pallet.

* 1.222

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, an Endorse, Gules. This Endorse (saith Leigh) is not used but when a Pale is between two of them. But Sir John Ferne saith, he was very confident and bold to set down such Rules of Blazon.* 1.223 And that an Endorse may very well be borne in any Coat-Armour between Birds, Fishes, Fowles, Beasts, &c. But then (saith he) it sheweth that the same Coat hath been sometimes two Coats of Armes,* 1.224 and after conjoyned within one Escocheon, for some Mystery or secret of Armes. And for the approbation of such bea∣ring,* 1.225 he giveth an instance of an Escocheon of pretence, or Engislet, (so he tearmeth it) borne over these four Coats, viz. of Austria, Burgundy, Sieile and Flanders; which is, Or, an Endorse between a Lyon saliant, and an Eagle displaied. Gules.

Now from the Pale, and the severall Subdivisions thereof, let us come to the bend, and the distinct parts of the same. A bend is an Ordinary consi∣sting also of twofold Lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon, from the Dex∣ter chief to the Sinister base point, of the same, so that the exact point of the Dexter and Sinicter corners thereof, may answer to the precise Middest of those equidistant Lines, whereof the bend is made, as in example.

* 1.226

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a bend, Sable. Which Armes were an∣ciently borne by Peter de Mololacu or Mawley, a noble Baron of this Kingdom; in the time of King Edward the 3. The bend containeth in bredth the first part of the Field,* 1.227 as it is uncharged; but if it be charged, then shall it con∣tain the third part thereof. Of all the Ordinaries there is none divided like this, as by example shall hereafter appear.

The Bend seemeth to have his Denomination from the French word Ben∣der,* 1.228 which signifieth to stretch forth, because it is extended betwixt those opposite points of the Escocheon, viz. the Dexter chief, and the Sinister base. Yet in ancient Rolls I find the Bend drawn somewhat Archwise, or after the resemblance of the Bent of a Bow. Notwithstanding,* 1.229 according to some Armorists, it doth represent a Ladder set aslope on this manner, to scale the Walles of any Castle or City, as shall be shewed hereafter, and betokeneth the Bearer to have been one of the first that mounted upon the enemies walls. This Bend drawn from the right side to the left, is called a bend dex∣ter; but you shall also find a bend exactly drawn like to this on the con∣trary side, having his beginning from the left corner of the chief, and his termination in the Dexter base point of the Escocheon,* 1.230 for which cause it is named a Bend Sinister, as in example hereafter shall illustrate. In Blazoning of bends, if the same be Dexter, you shall onely say, he bears a bend, not using the word Dexter; but if it be drawn from the Sinister chief to the Dexter base, then you must in blazon by no means omit the word Sinister.

Note that the bend, and divers other Ordinaries following,* 1.231 are subject to exemption or voiding. Voiding (as earst we shewed) is the exemption of some part of the inward substance of things voidable, by occasion whereof the Field is transparent through the charge, leaving onely the outward edges, bearing the colour and quantity of the charge, as appeareth in this next Es∣cocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, a bend voided, Gules,* 1.232 by the name of Ireton. Note that if the void part of the bend, were of a different metall, colour or furre, from the Field, then should you tearm the same, a bend bordu∣red, Gules (according to the opinion of some Armo∣rists:) but I am of opinion that it were better blazon∣ed, a bend of such and such metall, colour or furre, edged. For this difference doe I put between them, that when it is blazoned edged, it must be understood, to be an edge or hemme, running along the sides onely; but if it were tearmed in blazon bordured, then must it be conceived that the bend is invironed round, as well the ends as the edges.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The late Right Honourable Henry Earle of Sussex,* 1.233 Viscount Fitz-water, Lord of Egremont, Burnell and Botatoart,* 1.234 Knight of the most noble order of the Gar∣ter, beareth, Pearl, a bend ingrailed, Diamond. This Ordinary is composed of divers other of the formes of Lines, before mentioned, as sundry other of the Ordinaries are, as by these next, and other subse∣quent examples in their due places shall appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Bend engrailed, Gules, which is the Coat-Armour of that right ancient and worthy Family of Colepepper of Kent, now existing in the Per∣sons of one Baron, two Baronets, and severall Knights and Gentlemen of much worth and esteem.

* 1.235

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Bend, Wavey, Sable. This Coat-armour peratineth to Sir Henry Wallop of Farleigh Wal∣lop in the County of Southampton Knight. This is tear∣med Wavey, or waved, in respect it beareth a Repre∣sentation of the Swelling Wave or Billow of the Sea, which being tossed by contrary flawes of wind doe rise and fall after this manner: and this also by some is called unde, of the Latine word unda.

This forme of bearing may put us in mind of the manifold (and those inevitable, yet profitable) affli∣ctions, which doe attend this mortall state of ours, for so hath God or∣dained that they should be means to win and bring us to himselfe, there∣fore must we receive them patiently, as the evident tokens of Gods great love and mercy.* 1.236 As the Preacher admonisheth us, saying, Whatsoever cometh unto thee receive it patiently, and be patient in the change of thine afflictions, for as Gold and Silver is tryed in the fire, even so are men acceptable in the furnace of adversity. Beleive in God and he will help thee, order thy way aright, and trust in him, hold fast his feare, and grow old therein.

* 1.237

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Bend Crenelle, Argent, by the name of Walleyes: what Crenelle is I have before shew∣ed. After this manner, Souldiers in default of scaling Ladders, used to nick or score a piece of Timber with their Swords (for want of better Tooles) and so found means to ascend the walls, and surprise the enemies.

* 1.238

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Sable, a Bend, Flory, Argent, by the Name of Highlord or Helord, and is the Coat-Armour of Highlord of Moreden in Surrey Gent. and of Tho. Highlord of London Merchant.

* 1.239The parts of a bend are

• ...Such as are duduced from it.
• ...Bendelet.

Such as are derived from a bend doe containe

• ...Halfe.
• ...Lesse then halfe.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, three Bendlets, Argent, a Chief, Ermine. This is the Coat of Sir William Martin of Woodford in the County of Essex Knight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Bend between two Mullets, Sable, pierced, this is the Coat of Walter Pell Esquire, Merchant Adventurer of London.

That which containeth half the bend is called a Gartier,* 1.240 whereof you have here an example in this Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, a Gartier, Gules.* 1.241 This is derived ei∣ther from the French word Jartier, or else from the Norman word Gartier, both which are the same that we call in English a Gartier, the forme whereof this Charge doth represent. It is a name of Honourable esteem in English Heraldry, and it gave beginning to the most renowned order of Knight wood, of which Colledge and Society have been more Kings and Princes, and Princely Peeres, than of all the Knightly orders be∣sides in Christendome. This containeth half the bend in bignesse.

Such as doe contain lesse than half the Bend, are

• ...Cost,
• ...Riband:

Both which be exemplified in these next Escocheons.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a Cost, Or.* 1.242 The content of this is the fourth part of the Bend, and halfe the Gartier, and is sometime called a Cotise, and also a Batune (as Leigh noteth:) But Bara maketh a Cotise and the Ba∣tune two distinct things. This word Cost or Cotise is derived from the Latine word Costa,* 1.243 which signifieth a Rib, either of man or beast. And Farnesius saith, Costae a custodiendo sunt dictae. Farn. 1.45. When one of these is borne alone, as in this Escocheon, then shall you tearm it in Blazon a Cost; but if they be borne by couples in any Coat (which is never, saith Leigh, but when a Bend is placed between two of them) then you may name them Cotises, as in Example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Bend, verrey,* 1.244 between two Cotises or Costs, Gules. This Coat pertaineth to Sir Edmund Boyer of Camberwell in the County of Surrey Knight. Not unfittly are these so tearmed Costs or Cotises, in re∣spect they are placed upon each side of the Bend, and doe inclose the same, as the ribs of man or of beast doe bound and defend their intrailes. And concer∣ning such Charges or Fields composed of verrey. I refer you (for the avoiding of needlesse repetition) to the Rules before delivered. Note, that as well the Sub∣divisions of Ordinaries, as the Ordinaries themselves are formed of the se∣verall sorts of lines before expressed, as may be gathered out of Ʋpton,* 1.245 whose opinion you shall hear when we come to speak of Batunes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, a Riband, Gules.* 1.246 This is that other Subdivsion that is derived from a bend, and doth con∣tain the eighth part therof. The Name accordeth well with the forme and quantity of the same, in that it is long and narrow, which is the right shape of a Riband.

Thus much may suffice touching the Benddexter,* 1.247 & the Subdivision thereof: let us now consider the Bend sinister, and how the same is subdivided. A Bend Sinister is an Ordinary consisting of a twofold line, drawn tra∣verse the Escocheon, from the Sinister chief corner to the Dexter base point; and differeth (as we said) from the Dexter Bend onely in this, that it is placed on the opposite part of the Escocheon, as in example.

* 1.248

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Bend sinister, Vert. You may perhaps sometimes finde this Bend borne joyntly with the Bend dexter in one Escocheon, which to look up∣on are much like unto a Saltire. In Coats of such bea∣ring, you must carefully observe which of them lyeth next to the Field, and that must be first named. And this Rule holdeth not alone herein, but also in all o∣ther Coat-armours formed of divers charges, whereof the one lieth nearer to the Field than the other, accor∣ding to the sixth Rule of Blazon formerly given.

The Bend sinister is subdivided into a

• ...Scarpe.
• ...Batune.

* 1.249A Scarpe (as Leigh noteth) is that kind of ornament (much in use with Commanders in the Field) which we do usually call a Scarfe, as may be gathered by the derivation therof from the French word Escharpe, signify∣ing that ornament which usually is worn by Martiall men after the same manner from the left shoulder overthwart the body, and so under the arme on the right side, as in Example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Scarpe, Azure. You need not in Blazon thereof make any mention of this word Si∣nister, because it is never borne otherwise than thus. Notwithstanding this Charge hath some resemblance of the common Note of Illegitimation; yet it is not the same, neither hath it any such signification, for that it agreeth not with the Content thereof, nor with the manner of bearing the same, as is plaine by this next Escocheon.

* 1.250

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bearth Or, a Batune, Gules. This word Batune is derived from the French word Baston, which signi∣fieth a wand or a cudgell. The French men do usually bear their Batune (as it were) couped after this man∣ner; Whereof I do better allow than of that forme which is commonly used among us in England, be∣cause the same being so borne, doth better resemble the shape or form of a Cudgell or Batune. And though this hath the forme and quantity of a Cost, yet it dif∣fereth from the same, in that the Cost is extended to the extremities of the Escocheon,* 1.251 whereas the Batune shell be Couped, and touch no part of the same, as by this Escocheon appeareth. This is the proper and most usuall note of Illegitimation (perhaps for the affinitie betwixt Baston and Bastards; or else for that bastards lost the priviledge of freemen, and so were subject to the servile stroke:) and it containeth the fourth part of the bend sinister; and being thus borne, differeth from all the subdivisions of the Ordinaries before manifested sufficiently, what conformity soever any of them may seeme to have therewith. This Marke was devised both to restraine men truly generous,* 1.252 from the filthy staine of this base (but com∣mon) sinne, when they consider, that such accusation to themselves, and shame to their issue, shall never be severed from their Coat-Armour, which should be the blazon of their honour. For let the spuriours birth have ne∣ver so noble a father, yet he is base-borne; and base will be ever the first

syllable in a Bastards name, till by his owne Vertues hee hath washed off the staines of his Fathers vice, as many high spirits have done;* 1.253 who though so borne, have attained to the highest pitch of glory. Every bastard may have his batune of what colour he will, but not of metall,* 1.254 which is for the bastards of Princes. At the first, bastards were prohibited to beare the Armes of their reputed fathers. Then (saith Sir Iohn Ferne in his Glory of Generositie) they did by suit obtaine a toleration from Soveraignes and Kings, to be made le∣gitimate, and to be matriculated by the Kings Grant, as children lawfully born; which Grant did enable them to be capable of many immunities and prerogatives which others lawfully begotten do enjoy: and so by such legitimation they are discharged of all those dishonours which in for∣mer time they were subject unto, and were acquitted from the staine of their bastardy, Excepto quod ex tali legitimatione non admittebantur ad Jura Sanguinis cum aliis filiis: Except only, that they had not the right of blood and inheritance thereby; to participate with the lawfull inheritance of their Father, as appeareth Judg. 11. And when the Womans children were come to age, they thrust out Jepthah, saying, Thou shalt not inherit in our Fathers house, for thou art the son of a strange Woman. By pretence of these legitimations, they bear the Coat-Armour of their reputed Ancestors, with a sign of bastardy, now commonly known to every man, by reason of frequent use: which Mark (as some do hold) neither they nor their children shall ever remove or lay aside, Ne sordes per errorem inter praecipuos reputentur; Least the fruits of lust should by error gain the estimation of Generosity.

It is not lawfull for those that are base born to usurp the Armes of their reputed Fathers, unlesse it be branded with certain notes or marks pro∣per to men illegitimate, devised of set purpose to separate and distinguish them from such as proceed from lawfull Matrimony. Moreover it is often questioned, whether such as be illegitimated (by Act of Parliament, or whatsoever other means) may bear, or assume the bearing of the Arms of their reputed Fathers? Some are of opinion they may: Others do hold the contrary, unlesse they do bear them with the apposition of some of the before mentioned notes appropriated to the quality of their illegiti∣mate generation and procreation. By legitimate issue, is not to be under∣stood legitimate onely, that is to say, such as be adopted Children: For there is in such but a bare imitation of nature, of such we have no use in this Land of Adoption or Arrogation. But of such as are both naturall and legitimate; naturall so termed, Quia naturaliter generati; legitimate, Ex Legitima parentum conjunctione approbata per Leges. Such as are otherwise be∣gotten are bastards, and the issue of an unlawfull bed.

Consanguinity, is a bond or link of persons descended of the same stocke, derived from Carnall propagation: So called, Consanguinitas, quasi sangui∣nis unitas, viz. the unity or community of blood.

To discern priority or nearenesse in blood, two things must be regarded principally; viz. Linea and Gradus, the line is that, that gathereth together the persons containing their degrees, and distinguishing them in their numbers. This is called Collectio personarum. The other, viz. Gradus, shew∣eth the state or condition of the distant persons, how near they be, or how far distant asunder (in themselves) from their common Stock, or either from other. This is called, Habitudo distantium personarum. Et dicetur Gradus, ad similitudinem sclarum graduum, sive locorum proclivium; quia ita gradimur, de proximo ad proximum.

This before mentioned Line is threefold, viz.

• ...Ascending,
• ...Descending,
• ...Collaterall.

The Ascending Line is, from me to my Father, Grandfather, and so up∣wards.

The Descending Line is, from me to my Son, Nephew, his Son, down∣wards.

The Collaterall Line is placed on either side.

This Line also is twofold, viz.

• ...Equall,
• ...Ʋnequall.

The equall collaterall is that, where equally the persons differ from their Common Stock: as Brothers and Sisters be equally distant from their Fa∣ther; As also Brothers and Sisters children from their Grandfather.

The unequall collaterall is, where one precedeth another: Such are bro∣thers, and their brothers and sisters children.

Affinity is (after the lawes) personarum proximitas proveniens ex justis nup∣tiis; A nearness of persons proceeding from lawfull marriage. So called Af∣finitas, quasi duorum ad unum finem unitas; A union or consolidation of two that be of divers Kindreds by marriage or other copulation conjoyned.

By this, Affinity is contracted two manner of waies, viz.

By

• ...Lawfull Marriage,
• ...Ʋnlawfull Knowledge.

The first is thus contracted; My brother and I are Consanguine in the first degree, He taketh a Wife, her they call, personam additam personae per carnis copulam. This is the first kind of Affinity (contracted by means of my brother) viz. between his Wife and me, and the first degree; for thus they be the kindred and degrees) discerned in Affinity, viz. by the persons that be in consanguinity, or blood, either nearer or farther off. As for example.

My brother is in the first degree to me in consanguinity; his wife in Affi∣nity: My brorhers son in the second, his Nephew in the third, his Ne∣phewes son in the fourth. They in consanguinity: their Wives in the same degrees, second, third, or fourth unto me, but they in Affinity.

Note that they attain not (in me) by their addition, that that I have at∣tained (by blood) in the persons to whom they be added. For herein, that is to say, in Attinency we be distinguished in Consanguinity and Affinity. To make it plain. My brother is my Consanguine, his Wife my Affine, onely they retain and participate with me the degree, whether it be first, second, third or fourth; that I have with the persons that they be car∣nally known by, the which they alter not.

Consequently, they shall be every person in Consanguinity to my wife, in Affinity to me, in what degree in the one, in that degree in the other. But alwaies in the first kind, be they Brother, Sister, Nephew, Neece, &c. But to return to our Batune. Ʋpton calleth this baston or batune, a Fissure: and making mention of the variable formes thereof, saith, Istae Fissurae tot modis variantur, quot modis fiunt bendae: These Fissures have as many varieties of formes as the bends have.

* 1.255For there are of them (saith he)

• ...Planae,
• ...Ingrediatae,
• ...Invectae,
• ...Fusilatae,
• ...Gobonatae.

• Plain.
• Ingrailed.
• Invecked.
• Fusile.
• Gobonated.

And (he saith) it is commonly called a Fissure (which is a cut or rent) pro eo quod findit Arma paterna in duas partes; quia ipse basterdus finditur & di∣viditur à patrimonio patris sui: in that it cuts or rents the Coat-armour in twain, because the bastard is cut off from his fathers Inheritance. In some Countries they used to distinguish these from the lawfull begotten, by setting of two letters upon their garments, S. and P. quasi, Sine Patre, without Father.

Cui pater est populus, pater est huic nullis & omnis.

Brats are priviledg'd above any: We have but one Sire; they have many.

And perhaps S. P. did signifie Situs Populo, the Sanne of the People.* 1.256 Chas∣saneus saith, that bastards are not capable of their Fathers patrimony, ei∣ther by law or custome, Quia filius Ancillae non erat haeres cum filio Liberae: The servants child must not part stakes with her Mistresses. Leigh is of opinion, that the lawfull son of a bastard shall change his Fathers Mark to the right side, observing still the quantity thereof: for so I doe understand him, in respect that he addeth immediately, that the same may at the pleasure of the Prince be inlarged, or broken after this manner.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Bend, double Dauncette,* 1.257 Ar∣gent, by the name of Lorks. This (saith Leigh) shall ne∣ver be called other than a bend, after it is thus parted: but bastards (saith he) have sundry other marks, eve∣ry one according to their unlawfull begettings; which with hundreds of others are the Secrets of Heralds.

Besides those bearings bendwise above demonstrated,* 1.258 we mentioned another by the name of a bendlet, which hath greater resemblance with a bend than a∣ny of the rest, and by the name it may seem to be some subdivision of the bend. It hath yet no certain quantity, but contain∣eth evermore a sixth part of the Field, (according to the observation of Leigh) whereof you have an example in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a bendlet, Gules.* 1.259 Two manner of waies doth this charge differ from the bend: the one, that the bend containeth the fifth part of the Field un∣charged, and the third part thereof charged. And this is limited to the sixth part of the Field, which it may not exceed. Secondly, it is distinguished from the bend, se∣cundum locationem, in place, in as much as the bend is so placed, as that the corner of the Escocheon doth answer to the just middle of the same, between the upper and nether lines thereof: but the bendlet beginneth in the exact corner of the point of the Escocheon; so as the lower line is distant from the corner thereof the full breadth of the bendlet.

SECT. II. CHAP. VI.

OUR prefixed order doth now call upon me to bend my course from bends, with the parts and subdivisions thereof,* 1.260 and to proceed to the Fesse, which challengeth the next place. The Fesse is an Ordinary, form∣ed of a twofold line, drawn overthwart the breadth of the Escocheon; in

the midst where of is the very center of the Shield. And it containeth the third part of the Field, and may not be diminished, albeit the French He∣ralds doe blazon three barres gemels, for a fesse of six peeces.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Vaire, Or, and Vert, a Fesse, Gules, by the name of Duffield. This word Fesse is a French word; and doth signifie the Loines of a man. This Ordinary hath been anciently taken for the same that we cal Baltheum militare, or Cingulum honoris, a belt of honour: because it divideth the Field into two equall parts, it selfe occupying the middle betweene both; even as the Girdle environeth the middle part of a man, and resteth upon his Loines.

This Girdle of honour may seeme to have beene in ancient time given by Emperours, and Kings, and their Generals of the Field unto Souldiers, for reward of some speciall service performed by them: and it is not improbable, that such a reward it was that the General of Davids Army, Ioab, would have given the Messenger that brought him newes that Absalom was hanged by the haire of the head in an Oke, if he had slain him, where Ioab saith,* 1.261 Why hast thou not killed him, that so I might have rewarded thy service with ten Shekles of Silver, and a girdle (or an arming Belt?) For some translate it Cingulum, some Baltheum. Amongst the Macedonians, it was ordained by a Military law (saith Alex. ab Alex.) that the Souldier that had not killed an Enemy, Non Militari Cingulo, sed capistro cingeretur; should not be girt with an Arming girdle, but with a halter. And not without reason is a man adorned with a Military girdle, signifying he must be alwaies in a readiness to undergoe the businesse of the weal publike; for the more speedy performance of which charge; he should have his garments close girt unto his body, that the loosenesse of them should give no impediment to the execution of his assumpted charge and enjoyned services. And these tokens of Chiva••ry were so highly esteemed in ancient times,* 1.262 that Saint Ambrose saith, in his age Duces, & Principes, omnes etiam militantes, operosis cingulis au∣ro ••u gente pretiosi••, ambiunt, &c. Great Captains, Princes, and Martiall men, de∣light to wear their Belts curiously wrought, and glittering with gold, &c.

As the bestowing of this Military Girdle, was reputed very honourable, because none were to receive it but men of merit, so also was it ever ac∣counted most dishonourable for any just cause to be again deprived of the dignity thereof; neither should such an one be restored thereunto, but up∣on very singular and especiall desert, as Ferettus noteth, where he saith, Au∣gustus laudabiliter militarem disciplinam gessit severissi••••e:* 1.263 & privatos militari Cingulo nunquam restituit, nisi illos prae caeteris virtutum merita insignirent: Au∣gustus the Emperor got much honor by the severity of his Military Discipline: for if a man were once deprived of his Arming girdle, he never would restore it unless he performed some excellent service above all others. Notwithstanding, there is also one kind of putting off the Belt, of no lesse honour, than the putting on of it; yea much more glorious it is, in that it is the end and perfection of the other; and that is, when the victory is atchieved, victory being the end of Arming, as peace is of Battle. To which purpose is that saying, 1 Reg. 20.11. Ne jactet se qui se accingit, ut qui discingit: Let not him boast who girds himself as he that doth ungird: meaning we must not triumph (as the saying is) be∣fore the victory; but it being once attained, it is the honour of a generous mind, to put off his Belt, and not to sanguine his blade with cold blood.

For those Gallants, who in times and places of peace, are still drawing their swords, like warriours, in times and places of warre, prove (for the most part) p••••ceabler and calmer then they should be.

But if a Knight be disarmed of his Military girdle by his demerits and of∣fence, he is therewithall deprived of all Military priviledges, like as it fareth with a Captain, who (if he happen to lose his Ensigns, is disabled to advance any other in the Field, untill he hath either regained the same, or by his valor extorted some other from the enemy. Which kind of deprivation of Knights and M••rtiall men for any notable transgression, was of frequent use in times past, and in some places is continued unto this day with grea∣ter severity and much more infamy than in former times. Depositio Cingu∣lorum & Balth••orum (saith Wolfgan.* 1.264) Lazius quod genus poenae proprio seorsim vocabulo discinctura & recinctura vocabatur, manet hodie ad huc in ordine E∣questri, majori quam olim ignominia. Quo ritu (ut nos dicimus) Equites ••urati degradantur. The depriving of the Belt (which was wont to be tearmed, the di∣scincture or ungirding) is at this day still in use amongst Knights, and with more ignominy than was in ancient times: which is nothing else but that which we call degrading of a Knight. If any aske me how this comes about that such Degradation of a Knight, is more infamous than of old: I answer, it is because it is more rare, and therefore more remarkable. If again, you aske why it is more rare than of old: I answer, it is because it is more infamous, and therefore Princes more unwillingly to inflict it. Howsoever, the truth is, that base and unknightly actions and qualites, deserve a base and unknight∣ly chastisement.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, two Cheurons, Gules: this is the Coat of that eminent and ancient Family of Mounson. Of which are worthy Ornaments Willi∣am Viscount Mounson, and Sir John Mounson of Carleton in Lincolnshire Baronet, son and heir of Sir Thomas Mounson created Baronet, 29. of June, 1611.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, four Cheu∣rons, Gules, which is the bearing of Sir Henry Every son of Sir Simon Every or Ivory of Eggington in Com. Derb. Baronet, so created May 26. 1641.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, three Cheurons, Gules, a Labell of three points, Azure, by the name of Barington, and is the Coat of that worthy Gentle∣man Sir John Barington of Barington Hall in Essex, Knight and Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Cheuron, and in the Dexter point a Trefoyle Sable, which with a Crescent for a difference of a second brother is the Coat of that grave Citizen Sir Thomas Foot Knight, Lord Mayor of London, 1651.

* 1.265

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, a Fesse Dauncette, Sable. These Armes pertain to the worthy Gentleman Sir Thomas Vava∣sour, who in the Reign of King James was Knight Mar∣shall of his then Majesties house-hold, and of the vierge thereto appertaining. Whose Family anciently had the addition Le to the name, as being the Kings Valva∣sores, being in times past a degree not much inferiour to a Baron, and given to their Family ex Regio munere, as M. Cambden noteth in York-shire, speaking of Hasel∣wood, being the ancient inheritance of the said Family.

* 1.266So much of a Fesse: now of a Cheuron. A Cheuron is an Ordinary, formed of a twofold line Spirewise or Pyramidall; the Foundation being in the Dexter, and Sinister base points of the Escocheon, and the Acute angle of the Spire near the top of the Escocheon: as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Topaz, a Cheuron, Ruby. This Coat pertaineth to the Honourable and Ancient Family of Stafford, now Barons, and somtimes Earles of Stafford, and Dukes of Buckingham. This Ordinary is resembled to a paire of Bargecouples or Rafters, such as Carpenters doe set on the highest part of the house,* 1.267 for bearing of the roof thereof; and betokeneth the atchieving of some businesse of moment, or the finishing of some Chargable and memorable work. This was anciently the usuall forme of bearing of the Cheuron, as appea∣reth by many Scales and Monuments yet extant, and is most agreeable to reason, that as it representeth the Roof of an house (though I am not igno∣rant that Leigh saith, it was in old times the attire for the heads of Women Priests) so accordingly it should be extended to the highest part of the Es∣cocheon, though far different is the bearing thereof in these dayes. In which respect it were fit that common Painters, the common disorderers of these tokens of honour, were better looked unto; who both in former ages, and much more in these daies, have greatly corrupted these honourable signs, by adding their new fantasticall inventions; that so they might make the things borne in Coat-Armour more perspicuous to the view, or because they would be thought to be well overseen in Heraldry.* 1.268 For indeed they want the eye of judgment, to see and discerne that such is the excellency of these honourable tokens, that the least alteration either by augmentati∣on, diminution, transposition, or whatsoever other means, doth occasion a change in them so great, as that they thereby differ from themselves, not onely in their accidentall, but also in their substantiall parts, and cease to be any longer the same they were before, and their owners are debarred to

challenge any propriety or interest in them, in respect of such alteration. Modica alteratio in membro principali magnam alterationem facit (saith the Philosopher) A little alteration makes a great alteration in a principall part. As the least spot in the Eye, which is the worthiest part of the face, doth more disfigure the same, than ten times so much in any other member of the whole body.

The Content of the Cheuron is the fifth part of the Field (according to Leigh:* 1.269) but Chassaneus reckoneth the same amongst those Ordinaries that do occupy the third part of the Field. You may have two cheurons in one Field (saith Leigh) but not above; and if they exceed that number,* 1.270 then shall you call them cheuronwaies. But I suppose they might be tearmed much better cheuronels, that is to say, Minute or small cheurons; for so is their Blazon more certain. This charge following, and the subdivisions thereof; are diversly borne, as well in respect of the divers location,* 1.271 as of the variable form thereof; for sometimes it is borne on chief, otherwhiles on base, sometimes Enarched, sometimes Reversed, sometimes Fretted, &c. as hereafter by examples appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He b••areth, Or, a Cheuron in chief, Azure.* 1.272 Note that the lower part of this cheuron is far above the ordinary place of a single cheuron; for it is pitched as high as the Nombrill of the Escocheon, whereas others have their rising from or near above the dexter and sinister base points. The Ancestors of this bearer (saith Leigh) have borne the same otherwaies, which was for some good purpose removed, although it were better after the common manner of bearing.* 1.273 There are divers Acci∣dents incident unto this Ordinary, viz. Transposition, as in this last Escocheon, Couping, Voiding and Reversing. Of all which I pur∣pose to give severall examples in their proper places.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, a Cheuron, couped;* 1.274 Sable, by the name of Iones. What couping is, I have before shewed, whereunto (for shunning needlesse repeti∣tion) I referre you.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Cheuron engrailed, voided, Or,* 1.275 by the name of Dudley. What voiding is, I have shew∣ed before. In the blazoning of Coat-Armours of this kinde, I meane of Charges voided, you shall not neede to make any mention of the colour of the exempted part thereof, saying, that it is voided of the Field: for if you say, voided, onely, it is ever understood that the field sheweth thorow the middle part of the charge voided. If the middle part of this cheuron were of a different metall, colour, or furre, from the Field, then should you Blazon it thus: A Cheuron, engrailed, surmounted of another, of such or such colour.

The Subdivisions of this Ordinary are

• ...Cheuronell,
• ...Couple-close.

* 1.276A Cheuronell is a diminutive of a Cheuron, and signifieth a minute or small Cheuron, and containeth halfe the quantity of the Cheuron, as for example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a cheuronell, Vert Of these (saith Leigh) you may have no more than three in a Field, except partition. The. other Subdivision of the cheuron is called a couple close. A couple-close is a subor∣dinate charge derived from a cheuron, and formed of two lines erected cheuronwaies.

* 1.277

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Vert, a couple-close, Argent. This con∣taineth the fourth of the cheuron, and is not borne but by Paires, except there be a cheuron betweene them. Well doth the name of this charge, agree with the use thereof, which is not onely to be borne by couples for the most part, but also to have a cheuron between them which they inclose on each side.

* 1.278The next in order to the Cheuron is the Barre. A Barre is composed of two equi distant lines drawne overthwart the Escocheon, after the manner of the Fesse before mentioned, as in this next Escocheon appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Ordinary differeth from the Fesse, not onely in that it containeth the fifth part of the Field, wher∣as the Fesse occupieth the third part thereof, but also that the Fesse is limited to one certaine place of the Escocheon to wit, the Exact Center or Fesse Point there∣of, whereas the Bar is not tryed to any prescript place, but may be transferred unto sundry parts of the Escocheon. But if there be but one onely Bar in the Escocheon, then must the same occupy the place of the Fesse, as appeareth in this Escocheon. This Charge is of more estimation than is well considered of many that bear the same. If you have two Bars in the Field, they must be so placed, as that thereby the Field of the Escocheon may be divided into five equall parts; so shall each of them receive their just quantity.

* 1.279A Bar is subdivided into a

• ...Closet.
• ...Barulet.

A Closet is a Charge abstracted from a Bar, and consisteth also of two e∣quidistant lines drawn overthwart the Escocheon, as in Example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Closet, Sanguine.* 1.280 This containeth half the Barre, and of these there may be five in one Field, and are very good Armory. The other Subdivi∣sion of a Barre, is called a Barulet, which (after the opi∣nion of Leigh) cannot be borne dividedly, but must be borne by couples, unlesse they be parted with a Barre, whereof you have an example in this next Escoche∣on.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, two Barres, Or. This is the Coat of that eminent ancient Family of Burdet, which flourishes at this day in the persons of Sir Fran. Burdet of Bramcot in Warwick-shire Baronet, and Robert Bur∣det of London Merchant, sons of Sir Thomas Turdet of Bramcot created Baronet, Feb. 25. 1618. which Sir Francis Burdet married, Jane daughter of Sir John Walter Knight, Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Barulet, Argent.* 1.281 The Content of the Barulet is the fourth part of the Barre, whereof is a derivative, as by the name of Diminution imposed thereupon doth manifestly appear. Barulets (saith Ʋpton) are diversly borne in Armes, viz. Plain, En∣grailed, &c. whereunto good heed must be taken in Blazon.

Hitherto of a barre: Now of a Gyronne:* 1.282 A Gyronne is an Ordinary consisting of two straight lines drawn from divers parts of the Escocheon, and meeting in an Acute-angle in the Fesse point of the same.* 1.283 A Gyronne (as one saith) is the same that we call in Latine Gremium, which signifieth a Lappe, and is the space between the thighes: and thence perchance doe we call the Groyne; which name, whether it be given to this charge, because it determines in gremio, in the very lappe or midst of the Escocheon, or because it hath a ben∣ding like the thigh and leg together, I cannot define. Gyrons are borne di∣versly, viz. single, by couples, of six, of eight, of ten, and of twelve, as shall ap∣pear hereafter,* 1.284 where I shall speak of Armes having no Tincture predomi∣nating. For the making this Ordinary, behold this next Escocheon, where you shall find one single Gyronne alone, which doth best expresse the man∣ner thereof, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sanguine,* 1.285 one Gyronne issuing from the Chief Dexter point, Or If these two lines whereof this Ordinary is framed, were drawn throughout to the Extremities of the Escocheon, then would they consti∣tute two Gyrons, as in this next Escocheon appeareth. But if this Gyronne had stood in Fesse in the Dexter part, and the Gyronne Argent, then were it the se∣cond Coat of the Lord de Wolfo of Swesia, whose daughter was married to the Marquesse of Northamp∣ton, and after to Gorge.

* 1.286

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Gyrons, Gules. You need not say, meeting in Point, the one from the dexter Chiefe, the other in the Sinister base, because they do evermore meet in the Fesse Point, be they never so many. Here you see, that as two lines drawn, the one bendwaies from the dexter corner of the chief part of the Escocheon, and resting on the Fesse point, and the other drawn Fesse∣waies overthwart the Escocheon, and meeting with the same in the said Fesse point, do make one Gyron: so do the same drawne throughout produce two Gyrons.

* 1.287So much of a Gyron: Now of a Canton and Quarter: A Canton is an Ordi∣nary framed of two streight lines, the one drawn perpendicularly from the Chief, and the other transverse from the side of the Escocheon, and meet∣ing therewith in an acute Angle, neer to the corner of the Escocheon, as in this next appeareth.

* 1.288

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, a Canton, Argent, charged with a Cheuron, Gules, by the name of Middleton. This Or∣dinary is termed a Canton, because it occupieth but a Corner or Cantell of the Escocheon. Some Armorists do hold, that the Canton is a Reward given to Gentlemen, Esquires and Knights, for service done by them, and not to a Baron. Some others notwithstanding are of a different opinion, that a Canton may well beseem an Earle or a Baron receiving the same at his Soveraignes hand; yet in the Quarter to be preferred in dignity before the same:* 1.289 and before them both, Sir John Ferne preferreth the Es∣cocheon of Pretence, which he calleth an Engislet or Fessy Target. Note that a Canton parted traverswaies, whether it be from the Dexter corner, or From the Sinister, doth make two base Squires. And if the Canton be placed in the Dexter corner of the Escocheon, you must in blazon onely name it a Canton, not making any mention of the locall situation thereof: but if it be pla∣ced on the contrary side, then must you in Blazon ad this word Sinister; as he beareth a Canton Sinister.* 1.290 The Sinister Canton is all one with the Dexter in form, in quantity, and in estimation, but differeth from the same both in regard of the locall position thereof (by reason that it is placed in the sini∣ster corner of the Escocheon) as also in that it is not of so frequent use.

* 1.291Hitherto of a Canton, now of a Quarter. The Quarter is an Ordinary of like composition with the Canton, and holdeth the same places, and hath great resemblance thereof; insomuch as the same Rules and Observations, that doe serve for the one, may be attributed to the other, Quia similium similis est ratio: of like things the reason is alike. The only difference between them is,* 1.292 that the Canton keepeth only a cantle or small portion of the Cor∣ner of the Escocheon, and the quarter comprehendeth the full fourth part of the Escocheon, as in example.

* 1.293

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Verrey, Argent & Sable, a Quarter, Gules, by the name of Estanton.* 1.294 Albeit that (according to Leigh) the Quarter is for the most part given by Empe∣rours and Kings to a Baron (at least) for some speciall or acceptable service done by him; yet doe we find the same bestowed upon persons of meaner dignity for like occasion. Contrariwise, the canton (being recei∣ved at the Soveraigns hand) may beseem the dignity of a Baron or an Earle, as aforesaid.

Having spoken of the Canton and Quarters, as much as for this present is requisite; I will reserve some other their adjuncts to a more conveni∣ent place. And will now speak of a Pile, shewing some variable examples of the diverse bearing thereof.

A Pile is an Ordinary consisting of a twofold line formed after the manner of a Wedge; that is to say broad at the upper end,* 1.295 and so lessening by de∣grees throughout with a comely narrownesse and Taper-growth, meeting together at the lower end in an Acute-angle, as in this next Escocheon ap∣peareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Pile, Gules.* 1.296 This Coat pertain∣ed to the right worthy and valiant Knight Sir John Chandos, Baron of Saint Saviours, le Viscount in France, great Senescal of Poictow, high Constable of Aquitain. All given him by King Edward the third, who also made him one of the Founders of the most noble Or∣der of the Garter. In all fortifications and buildings, in case the ground be distrusted to be unsure & de∣ceivable: Men are accustomed to build upon Piles, and by them to force an infallible, and permanent foundation

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Pile, Ermyne, which was the Coat of Sir Peter Wich, Knighted 1626. sometime Ambas∣sadour at Constantinople for the late King Charles, and is the bearing of Nathaniel Wich, now President to the In∣dies, and severall other worthy Gentlemen and Mer∣chants.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Pile Engrailed, Sable, by the name of Waterhouse, and is the bearing of that Ingenious Gentleman and great lover of Antiquity and Heral∣dry, Edward Waterhouse of Greneford in Com. Mid. Esquire, who is lineally descended from Sir Gilbert Waterhouse, of Kirton in Low-Linsey in Lincolnshire: temps Hen. 3. of which family are divers worthy and well bred Gentlemen now extant.

Sometimes you shall find three of these in a Field, as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, three Piles,* 1.297 meeting near in the Base of the Escocheon, Azure. This Coat was borne by Sir Guy Bryon Knight, one of the Noble Knights of the most honorable order of the Garter, in the time of King Edward the third: and he was also a chief mean unto the said King for obtaining the Charter of Pri∣viledge and freedome of his Majesties Forrest of Deane, in the County of Glocester, for the benefit of the Inha∣bitants of the same Forrest.

Sometimes you shall find this Ordinary borne,* 1.298 tran∣sposed or reversed, contrary to the usuall forme of their bearing, viz. with their points upward, which naturally ought to be downewards, being suppo∣sed

to be a piece of Timber, whose nether part is sharpened, to the end it maybe more commodiously driven into the ground; as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, three Piles, one issuing out of the Chief between the two others transposed or reversed, Sable, by the name of Hullets. The Pile is an ancient Addition to Armory, and is a thing that maketh all foundations to be firm and perfect, especially in Wa∣ter-works.

* 1.299When there is but one Pile in the Field, it must con∣taine the third part of the same at the Chief. This Or∣dinary is diversly formed, and borne, as in these next Escocheons appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Triple Pile, Flory on the tops, issuing out of the Sinister base, in Bend, towards the Dexter corner, Sable, This sort of bearing of the Pile, hath a resemblance of so many Piles driven into some water-worke, and by long tract of time, incorporated at their heads, by reason of an extraordinary weight imposed upon them, which gave impediment of their growth in height.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Pile in Bend, issuing out of the Dexter corner of the Escocheon, Sable, Cotised, In∣grailed, Gules. I have made speciall choice of this Coat-armour, (out of the glory of Generos.) as well for the rarenesse thereof, as for that I find the same there commended for faire Armory, and good in regard of the variety thereof for Blazoners to look upon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Pile waved, issuing out of the Dexter corner of the Escocheon, Bendwaies, Or, by the name of Aldam. As this Pile waved issueth out of the Dexter, so also may the same be borne from the Sini∣ster chief point. Moreover you shall find them borne in Pale, and sometimes issuing out of the Base with the point thereof transposed, which I leave to obser∣vation.

Now the bearing of Waves, or of things waved, may well fit those that are tryed in the furnace of Afflictions, which are the badges and the testimonies of our election in Christ, who suffered for us; the just for the unjust, to bring us unto God. Therefore we should bear our afflictions gladly, forasmuch as if we suffer with Christ, we shall also be glorified with him. For so doth the Apostle ad∣monish us, saying; That no man should be moved with these afflictions, for ye your selves know that we are appointed thereunto, 1 Thess. 3.3. And againe, thou therefore suffer affliction as a good soldier of Christ, 2 Tim. 2.3.

So much of Piles and their variety, as well of Forme, as of Location. There rest yet some other sorts of Ordinaries, that are composed of a twofold line not hitherto spoken of.

Such are these, viz

• ...Flasque.
• ...Flanch.
• ...Voider.

In some mens conceit perhaps these Ordinaries last mentioned might have been more fitly placed amongst such as are before handled, and are composed of a single line, (of which number these may be well reckoned, if we consider them each one apart by themselves:) but forasmuch as none of them are borne single, but alwayes by couples; for conveniency I have chosen rather to sort them with these that are formed of a Twofold Line; and first of a Flasque.

A Flasque is an Ordinary, consisting of one Arch Line,* 1.300 drawn somewhat distant from the corners of the Chief, and meanly swelling by degrees un∣till you come towards the middest of the Escocheon, and from thence again decreasing with a like comely descent unto the Sinister base points, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Or, two Flasques, Azure.* 1.301 This Reward (saith Leigh) is to be given by a King for vertue and learning, and especially for service in Ambassage: for therein may a Gentleman deserve aswell of his Sove∣raign, as the Knight that serveth him in the Field. This is called an Arch line of the Latine word Arcus, that signifieth a Bow, which being bent hath a mode∣rate bowing, void of excesse of tuberosity. This word Flasque is derived, either from the French word Fleschier, or from the Latine word Flecto, which sig∣nifieth to bend or bow.

The next in order is the Flanch, which is an Ordinary formed of an Arch line, taking his beginning from the corner of the chief, and from thence compassing orderly with a swelling embossement untill it come near to the Nombrill of the Escocheon, and thence proportionably declining to the Sinister base point, as in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Ermyne, two Flanches, Vert. This (saith Leigh) is one degree under the aforsaid Flasque, yet it is commendable Armory.* 1.302 This word Flanch (as some doe hold) is derived from the French word flans, which signifieth the flank, of man or beast, that includeth the small guts, because that part stouteth out, cum tumore quodam, as it were a blown bladder. Sometimes you may find this Ordinary made of some other form of Lines than plain, which when it shall happen, you must in the blazon thereof make speciall mention of the form of Line whereof it is composed.

Last of all in our Ordinaries, cometh the Voider;* 1.303 consisting of one Arch Line moderately bowing from the corner of the chief by degrees towards the Nombrill of the Escocheon; and from thence in like sort declining un∣till it come unto the Sinister base, and hath a more near resemblance of the bent of a Bow than the Flanch hath, in that it riseth not with so deep a com∣passe, as in example.

* 1.304

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Tenne, two Voiders, Or. This is the Re∣Ward of a Gentlewoman for service by her done to the Prince; but when the Voider should be of one of the nine furres or Doublings. Such Reward (saith Leigh) might the Dutches of Montfort have given to her Gen∣tlewoman, who served her most diligently, not onely while she kept the Town of Hanybot, but also when she rode armed into the Field and scared the French men from the siege thereof. These are called Voiders, either because of the shallownesse wherein they doe resemble the accustomed voiding Plates with narrow brims used at Tables,* 1.305 or else of the French word voire, which signifieth a looking Glasse or Mirror (which in ancient times were commonly made in that bulging form) especially considering they are given to Gentlewomen in recompence of service, unto whom such gifts are most acceptable; and withall implying that Gentlewomen so well deserving, should be mirrors and patterns to others of their sex, wherein to behold both their duties, and the due reward of ver∣tues. His counsell was so very behovefull, who advised all Gentlewomen of∣ten to look on Glasses; that so, if they saw themselves beautifull, they might be stirred up to make their minds as faire by vertue as their faces were by nature: but if deformed, they might make amends for their out∣ward deformity, with their interne pulchr••••ude and gracious qualities. And those that are proud of their beauty, should consider, that their own hue is as brittle as the Glasse wherein they see it; and that they carry on their shoulders nothing but a Skull wrapt in skinne, which one day will be loath∣some to be looked on.

SECT. II. CHAP. VII.

* 1.306HAving shewed the manner and making of such Ordinaries as are com∣posed of a twofold Line: we will now proceed to that other member of the Distribution before delivered, which maketh mention of Ordinaries, consisting of Lines more than twofold; and will shew how they also are made.

Such Ordinaries doe consist of Lines

• ...Threefold,
• ...Fourfold.

Those that are formed of a threefold line, are the Inescocheon and the Orle. The Inescocheon is an Ordinary formed of a threefold line,* 1.307 representing the shape of the Escocheon, as in example.

* 1.308

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, an Inescocheon, Gules, by the name of Hulgreve: This name of Inescocheon, is pro∣per onely to those that are borne in this place, for if the same were borne in any other place, than upon the Fesse point of the Shield, you should tearm the same then an Escocheon; and not an Inescocheon: so must you also, if there be more than one in the field. This Escocheon is sometimes tearmed an Escocheon of Pre∣tence, as shall appear heareafter.* 1.309 This Ordinary con∣taineth the fifth part of the field (saith Leigh, but his demonstration denoteth the third part) and may not be diminished; and albeit it be subject to some alteration, by reason of the different forms of

Lines before specified, yet keepeth still one set forme of an Escocheon, as we shall see by and by.

The next in rank of this kind is the Orle,* 1.310 which is an Ordinary composed of a threefold line duplicated, admitting a transparency of the field, throughout the intermost Area or space therein inclosed. This hath the forme of an Inescocheon, but hath not the solid substance thereof, being evermore voided, as in these following Examples appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, an Orle, Azure,* 1.311 by the name of Ber∣tram, Lord of Bothall. This word Orle seemeth to be derived from the French word Oreiller, which signifi∣eth a Pillow, and is attributed to this Ordinary, be∣cause the same being of a different tincture from the Field, and formed only of a double tract, in regard of the transparency of the Field within, and the surroun∣ding thereof without, it receiveth the resemblance of an embossed substance, as if it were raised like a Pil∣low above the Field. Ʋpton tearmeth it in Latine,* 1.312 Tra∣ctus which signifieth a Trace, or Traile, because the field is seen both within and without it; and the Traile it self is drawn thereupon in a different colour. If this were flored (saith Leigh) then must it be called a Tressure, which must contain the fifth part of the Field. And if two of these be in an Escocheon, you must tearm them a double tressure. Chassaneus saith, that the Orle is some∣times formed of many pieces, and that they are borne to the number of six. As touching the doubling of this plain Orle, I will not here give Example, for that I purpose to present to your view a Threefold Orle or Tract, which doth include the twofold, as in this next Escocheon appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, an Orle of three pieces, Sable.* 1.313 That this Ordinary is borne of many Tracts, it appeareth by this Example, taken out of Ʋpton for the Readers satisfaction, where it is said, Sunt insuper alii qui habent istum Tractum triplicatum & quadruplicatum, ut nuper in Armis Episcopi Coenomanensis, qui portavit pro Armis unum tractum triplicatum de nigro, in campo aureo: Some beare the Orle tripled and quadrupled, as the late Bishop of Maine, who bare a tripled Orle, Sable, in a field, Or. This Ordinary is born diversly, according to the se∣verall formes of Lines, before handled, as may appeare in the Examples en∣suing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent,* 1.314 an Orle Engrailed on the inner side, Gules. I found this forme of bearing observed by an uncertain Author, whom at first I supposed to have either unskilfully taken, or negligently mi∣staken the Trick thereof; but after I had found in Ʋpton, that in Blazoning of an Orle Engrailed, he Bla∣zoned the same, An Orle engrailed on both sides, I took more speciall notice of this kind of bearing, for that such a form of Blazon (proceeding from a man so ju∣dicious in this kind) seemed covertly to imply a di∣stinction of that from this form of bearing. And because diversa juxta se ap∣posita magis eluces••unt, things differing give light each to other, I will here pro∣duce the Coat it self, and the Blason thereof, as I find it set down by Ʋpton.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Il port (saith he) de Gules ung trace engrailee, de chas∣cun cost d'Or. And in Latine thus: Qui habet ista Ar∣ma, portat unum tractum ex utra{que} parte ingradatum, de Auro in campo rubro.* 1.315 He beareth an Orle engrailed on both sides, Or, in a field, Gules. And no doubt by heedfull observation you may finde these Orles in like sort borne Invecked, Similium enim similis est ratio; for like things have the reason and respect. Note, that divers Charges, as well artificiall as naturall, are born Orle∣wayes, or in Orle; as likewise in form of Crosse, Bend, Cheuron, Saltire, &c. the examples whereof I must passe over, untill a fit place be offered to handle Charges of those kinds. Concerning the bearing of Orles, composed of the sundry sorts of Furs, I hold it needlesse to use ex∣amples to expresse them to the view, for that by consideration of the ma∣nifold sorts of severall Ordinaries before expressed, their divers manner of bearing may be easily conceived: and therefore I will leave them to ob∣servation.

* 1.316Hitherto have we considered the making of such Ordinaries as are com∣posed of a threefold Line: Our order calleth me now to speak of such Ordinaries as do require a fourfold Line for the effecting of them.

Of this sort is the

• ...Crosse,
• ...Saltire.

* 1.317The Cross is an Ordinary composed of a fourfold Line, whereof two are perpendicular, and the other two are transverse, for so we must conceive of them, though they are not drawn throughout, but meet by couples in four acute Angles neer about the f••sse point of the Escocheon; to look upon (if they were couped, as they are sometimes found) like to four Carpenters Squares; as the example following will demonstrate. This Ordinary is cal∣led crux à cruciando, or à cruciatu, because of the unspeakable torture and torment which they do suffer,* 1.318 who undergo this kind of death. The con∣tent of the Crosse is not the same alwaies; for when it is not charged, then it hath only the fifth part of the field; but if it be charged, then must it contain the third part thereof. To give you particular examples of all the different formes of bearing of the Crosse, were as needless as endless, considering the variety set down by other Authors; I will therefore con∣tent my selfe with these ensuing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, a Crosse, Or: This Coat-Ar∣mour pertaineth to the right worshipfull Family of Shelton,* 1.319 in the County of Norfolk, whence descended that Honourable vertuous Lady, Mary Shelton, who was many years of the most Honourable Bedchamber of that Glorious Queen Elizabeth; and was also wife to the right worshipfull Sir John Scudamore, of Home Lacie in the County of Hereford Knight, Standard-bea∣rer to her Majesties honorable band of Gentlemen Pen∣sioners. This Ordinary is oftentimes diversly named, ac∣cording to the diversity of Lines whereof it is composed: for as is the form of Lines whereof it is made, so is the denomination thereof. In the ancientest Institution of the bearing of the Crosse (without all controversie) it had this form;* 1.320 which is taken to be the true shape of the Crosse, where∣upon our blessed Saviour Christ Jesus suffered; whose godly observation

and use was in great esteeme in the Primitive Church; though in later times it hath been dishonourably entertained by two opposed kinds of fantast∣icks; the one, who so superstitiously dote on it, that they adore it like their God: the other, who so unchristianly detest it, that they slander the most godly and ancient use thereof, in our first initiating unto Christ, as if it were some devillish Idoll. But the true Souldiers of such a Captain need not to be ashamed to beare their Generalls ensigne. And this bearing was first bestowed on such as had performed, or at least undertaken, some service for Christ and Christian Profession: and therefore being duly conferred, I hold it the most honourable charg to be found in Heraldrie. But the forme and bearing hereof (as well as the cheurons formerly spoken of) hath been also depraved through the inconsiderate handling of common Painters. For which cause I have caused this precedent crosse onley to be cut after this fashion, in the rest I have ensued the vulgar manner of bearing now used, chusing rather to sway with the multitude in matters of smal importance, than that I would seeme to affect I know not what singularity; Nemo e∣nim errantem arguit, qui cum multis errat. This manner of bearing of the pa∣tible cross is warranted by Rolls of greatest Antiquitity, and is most conso∣nant to reason, that the stem thereof should be much longer than the cross part, by how much it was requisite that the same was to be deeply fixed in the ground: So then if we shall compare this ancient bearing, with that of modern times, we shall find this to be naturall; and that adulterate.

Crosses do receive manifold varieties of Denomination,* 1.321 according to the multiplicity of their different shapes, and variable properties of lines whereof they are formed.

The bearing of the crosse, is the expresse note or badge of a Christian that he bear the same according to the prescript rule and will of his Lord and Master. For as Barth. saith, Insignia ad voluntatem Domini sunt portanda, & non alias.

All Crosses may signifie unto us tribulations and afflictions, which (how burthensome soever they may seem to the flesh) yet is there much comfort to be found in them, to those that make a right use of them, and do under∣goe the burthen of them chearfully, and without recalcitration. For it is the property of Worldlings that have been dandled (as I may say) in for∣tunes lappe, and pampered with worldly delights, to forget both God and themselves, and in their fulness to spurn and kick up the heel; According to that saying of Moses in his Song that he made a little before his death; But he that should have been upright, when he waxed fat, spurned with his heel; He was fat, he was gross, he was laden with fatness, therefore he forsook God that made him, and regarded not the strong God of his Salvation; Deut. 30.15.

Sithence then our Lord and Master (for our sakes) did willingly take up∣on him this grievous, and almost unsupportable burthen, why should we then, that would be counted his professed Souldiers and Servants shrink thereat; Especially sithence by the Discipline of the Crosse, we are brought to the true knowledge of God, his Omnipotency, Wisdome, Justice, Mer∣cy, and all other his divine Attributes, and of our own miserable and dam∣nable estate, through our adherent and inherent corruption of sins as well Actuall, as Originall.

A like form of bearing of this, is that Cross which we find borne in the Shield of S. George; but diversly from this, both in Metall and Colour which of some Armorists of Ʋptons time, (as himself noteth in his discourse of

Armes) received in those dayes a very strange and absurd kind of Blazon, which he there setteth downe after this manner; the Shield, Gules, four Quarters, Argent: whose reason herein (saith he) I doe not allow, for that by such manner of Blazon, the bearing of a plaine Crosse shall never be knowne. Moreover, herein also may we observe the Blazon hereof to be erroneous, in that they say, foure Quarters: which are indeed but so many Cantons; else should they all foure meet in the Center of the Escocheon. This Ordinary is subject to voiding and couping, as these examples following shew.

* 1.322

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Crosse voided, Azur. Panormitan writeth of Alphonsus King of Aragon, (what time he besieged Putcoli, a city by the Sea side in Campania) that resorting daily to the Seashore, for his recreation, up∣on a time he chanced to finde the corps of a man of Genea in Italy, that had been cast out of a Galley; and thereupon alighting speedily from his horse, caused all others that were neer him to light; and comman∣ded some to dig the Grave, whilst others covered the naked Corps: and he himselfe with his own hands did make a Cross of wood, which he sticked fast at the head of the man so in∣terred; to testifie that all Christian offices may beseem the greatest Kings; and that whatever death we die, it is not material, so we live to Christ So great is the Resemblance oftentimes of things born in Coat-Armour: which yet in their Existence, are much differing, that a man well seen in Heraldry, may easily commit an error in the blazoning of them, as by comparing of this Coat-Armour with the next will manifestly appear: wherefore you must use an advised deliberation in blazoning, especially of Armes of neer Resemblance.

* 1.323

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a crosse Patee, Sable, Fimbriated, Gules. The reason wherefore this Cross is called Patee, I will presently shew you, when I come to speak of the Shield of Cadwallader. This approacheth neer to the former in respect of the double tract thereof; yet doth it much differ from the same in substance, forasmuch as the charge of that is a twofold crosse, viz. one sur∣mounted of another, and this a single crosse bordured, or invironed with a hem or edge. Moreover, that this is not a cross of Gules, surmounted of another, Sable, it is cleer, because the edge that goeth about this cross is much narrower than is the space between those two crosses. Besides, it cannot stand with the Rules of good Armory, to bear colour upon colour, or metall upon metall. This is called a crosse Fimbriated, of the Latine word Fimbria, which sig∣nifieth an edge, welt, or hem, for a Garment, and is to be understood to be of the same thickness with it, and not to lie either upon or underneath.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron between ten Cros∣ses, Formee, Argent, and is the Coat of the Right Honourable George Lord Barkley, descended in a di∣rect male line from Robert Fitzharding, a second son of the bloud Royal of Denmark, whose son Maurice Barkley was Father of Thomas, and he of Maurice, Fa∣ther of a second Thomas, called by writ to Parliament the two and twentieth of Edw. the first.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a cross ingrailed, Gules,* 1.324 by the name of Norwood of Lekhampton in the County of Glo∣cester. As this cross is formed of bunched lines, so are there others that are composed of sundry other sorts of lines before shewed, as experience will informe you, and as you may in part see by the example fol∣lowing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a crosse wavey, voided, Sable,* 1.325 by the name of Duckenfield in Devonshire. In Coats of such bearing, you shall not need to say in the blazon of them, that the charge (whatsoever the same be) is ••oided of the field: because when you say only voi∣ded and no more, it is alwaies understood to be voi∣ded of the field.

Of all other sorts of crosses the cross waved is a more speciall note of tribulation, in regard it represen∣teth the turbulent Waves or surges of the Seas, occasion••d by some turbulent gust or flaw of boystrous winds or storms, causing a success of surging billowes: notifying unto us consequent af∣flictions and troubles following immediately one upon anothers ••eck, which the children of God must sustain with a constant resolution, Fol∣lowing therein the instruction of Eccl. 2.1. My son, if thou wilt come ••nto the service of God, stand fast in Righteousness and fear, and prepare thy soul unto tem∣ptation. And again, Settle thy heart and be patient, bow down thine ear, and re∣ceive the words of understanding, and shrink not away when thou art assayled, but wait upon God patiently; Joyne thy self unto him and depart not away, that thou mayest be increased at thy last end, Vers. 3.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Sable, a Crosse, Engrailed, Or, in the first quarter a Mullet, Argent. Tirone, viz. Argent, a Sinister hand coupe, Gules, which is the Coat of that Noble Gentleman Sir Thomas Peyton, son of Sir Samuell of Knolton now first Baronet of Kent. And of Algernoon Peyton of Donington in the Isle of Ely Esquire, son of Sir John, second brother to Sir Thomas Father of Sir Sa∣muel.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, Crusily, a Crosse molline, Or, voided throughout by the name of Knolles, and was the Coat of Sir William Knolles Baron, Viscount Wallingford, and Earl of Banbury, &c.

* 1.326

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a crosse patee fitched in the foote, Gules. This Coat was borne by Galfride de Scuda∣more that lived in the time of King Henry the second; it is termed fitched of the Latine word figo, which signifieth to fasten or make sure, because by the means of the sharpness added to the foot thereof, it becom∣eth more apt to be fastned any where. There is an∣other sort of fitching of crosses that have the whole fourth part sigetive, as in this next Escocheon.

* 1.327

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The field is Jupiter, a crosse Patee on three parts, and fitched on the f••urth, Sol. This (saith Gerard Leigh) was the Shield of blessed Cadwallader last King of Bri∣taine; who slew Lothaire King of Kent, and Ethelwold King of South-Saxons. I confess in tearming this kind of crosse, a crosse Patee, I differ from Leigh who calleth it formy: But Chassaneus blazons it Patee, and giveth this reason thereof, Quia extremitates ejus sunt patu∣lae, because his ends are broad and opened, Chass. fol. 28. Bara is of the same opinion, Bara le blazon des Arm. 67. and with these agree many of our Blazoners.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Sable, a Crosse potent, Or, by the name of Allen, and is borne by Sir George Allen Baronet, by the decease of Sir Edmund Allen his Nephew with∣out issue male. Thomas Allen also of London Alder∣man, and John Allen of Grayes-Inne Esquire, that hopefull and ingenious Professor of the Law, are Ornamentall Branches of this Family.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The field is Jupiter, a crosse potent fitched, Sol. This kind of crosse was borne by Etheldred King of the West Saxons, who lived, Anno Salutis, 946.

What a potent is I have formerly shewed in the first Section, p. 24 It may also be blazoned a crosse crowchee, for the resemblance that it hath of a Crowche, which Chau∣cer calleth a potent, which is properly sigetive: For were it that the overthwart or crosse part hereof should be exempted, then would the middle part shew it self to be a perfect Crowche, used for the stay and sustentation of feeble and aged persons. Like as old Age is a blessing of God, so contrariwise it is a token of his heavy displeasure, to be cut off before a man shall attain thereto: As appeareth by that saying of God unto E••i the Priest, Behold, the dayes come, that I will cut off thine Arme, and the Arme of thy fathers house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house, 1. Sam. 2.31. And again, and there shall not be an old man in thy house for ever, Ver. 32. And further, And all the mul∣titude of thine house shall dye when they be men, Ver. 33. Moreover it is said in the Prophet Zach.* 1.328 on the contrary part, Thus saith the Lord of Hostes, There shall yet old men and old women dwel in the ••••reets of Jerusalem; and every man with his Staffe in his hand for very Age: Whereby is meant, that God would preserve them in life, so long as nature might sustain them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a crosse patonce Sol. You may read in Leigh his accidents of Armory, pag. 59. that, King Egbert did beare in battell a crosse of this forme or fashion in his left hand, and in his Azure-coloured banner likewise. Here you may observe how this cross patonce differeth from the crosse patee, (demonstrated before in the Shield of Cadwallader) and also from the crosse Flourey or Flurtee, which I shall presently shew you in Penthars Coat-Armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a Crosse patee, Or, by the name of Ward, of Kent, London, &c. I know some will quar∣rell at my blazoning this Crosse thus, and not either Flory or Patonce which they do weakly surmise to be two different bearings,* 1.329 whereas it is manifest by ob∣servations of old Seals, Monuments, &c. that it was the Fancy or Error of the Painter or Carver to make the points expand open, or patere, or more erect as is found by hourely experience: now for calling it Patee which is a title given to a Crosse of another forme, as may be seen in the Coate of Scudamore and Cadwallader, immediately before there appear to me great reason to adhear to the o∣pinion of Leigh, and not to expunge the word Formee quite, for what is said of that Crosse may better fit this, extremitates ejus sunt patulae, his ends broad and opened, that Crosse being broad formed, but not opened.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Ermine, a Crosse, Raguly, Gules, a Can∣ton, Ermines, which is the bearing of that worthy and accomplished Gentleman John Laurence now Sheriff of London, 1658.

Whereas I have formerly made mention of Voiding in the Chapter of bends, and of one other Accident, namely Couping in the Chapter of Fesses, I will now expresse them both in one example in this Escocheon following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a crosse voided and couped, Sable, by the name of Woodnoth.

There is another Accident whereunto this Ordinary is subject, that is to say Piercing. Piercing is a Penetrati∣on or Perforation of things that are of solid substance: and it is threefold:

That is to say

• ...Round.
• ...Losengwaies.
• ...Quadrate.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a Fesse between three Crossets, Fitchee, Or, by the Name of Gore, of which Family are the two Sir John Gores of Hertfordshire, Sir Willi∣am Gore of Ireland Baronet, William Gore of Moreden in Surrey Esquire chosen Alderman, Gerrard Gore of Tottenham, and his Brother Robert Gore of London, Merchant Adventurer, Gerad Gore late chosen Al∣derman, and divers other persons of Worth and Reputation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Azure, a Fesse, Dauncette, Ermine, be∣tween six Crossets, Argent, which is the Coat of Bar∣nardiston of Suffolk, a very Ancient and Knightly Family now flourishing in the Persons of Sir Thomas Barnardiston Knight, Nathaniell, Samuell Pelethiah, Wil∣liam and Arthur, Barnardiston, Merchants, of the Le∣vant, Sons of Sir Nathaniell Barnardiston late deceased, Knighted at Therbald, December 1618.

* 1.330As touching Round Piercing, you have an example in this next follow∣ing Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Crosse couped, Pierced, Or, by the name of Grill. If this Round in the middest were of a∣ny other colour than of the Field, then should you ac∣count the same to be a Charge to the Crosse where∣fore good heed must be taken in blazoning of Coats of this kind, and chiefly of the Orbicular form in the middest of the Charge; to the end that you may know when to take the same for a Piercing, and when for a Charge.

* 1.331

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, a Crosse Molinge Pierced Lo∣sengewaies, Or. This is the second forme of Piercing before mentioned, and the Coat was borne by Ri∣chard de Molineux of Lancaster, that lived in the time of King Richard the second. Concerning this Crosse Moline, (Leigh saith) that if it stood Saltire-waies, then should you call it Ferre de Molin, that is to say, a Mill Rinde, or the Inke of a Mill: which to me seemeth a very Paradox, that Transposition (being a thing meerly accidentall) should give a new deno∣mination, to the thing transposed, and consequently alter the essence thereof: Quia novum nomen dat novum esse rei, where are new names, new things are supposed to be. It were a thing worthy of admiration, that Ac∣cidents should have such power in them; for Aristotle Physicorum 1. saith, Accidentia possunt miraculose, & non alias mutare subjectum: Accidents change not the subject but by Miracle. Addition doubtlesse and Substraction, are of greater force than Transmutation or Location, yet is there no such power in them as that they can alter the essence of any thing, Quia augmentum vel diminutio (saith Chassaneus) circa accidentia contractuum non reponunt

contractum in diverso esse, neque per ea intelligitur ab eo in substantialibus re∣cessus: the adding or diminishing of Accidents makes not the thing lose the na∣ture of his being.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Crosse Moline, Quarter-pierced,* 1.332 Or. This Coat was borne by Thomas Molyneux of Haughton, in the County of Notting. that lived in the time of King Henry the fourth. Leigh in blazoning of this form of Crosse, maketh no mention at all of the Piercing thereof, perhaps because it resembleth the Inke of a Mill, which is evermore Pierced. This is termed Quarter peirced, quasi, Quadrate peirced, for that the piercing is square as a Trencher.

So much of the Crosse, with the Accidents thereof:* 1.333 Now of that other Ordinary that is framed also of a four-fold line, that is to say, a Saltire. A Saltire is an Ordinary consisting of a fourfold line, wherof two are drawn from the Dexter chief towards the Sinister base corners, and the other from the Sinister chief towards the Dexter base points, and do meet about the middest by couples in Acute-angles. I know the learned Geometer will find many more lines here than I doe mention: but (as I said of lines in the Crosse) this our description agreeth best with Heralds, and our pur∣pose.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Saltire, Argent,* 1.334 by the name of Aston. In old time (saith Leigh) this was made of the hight of a man, and was driven full of Pinnes, the use whereof was, to scale the walls therewith, to which end the Pinnes served commodiously. In those daies (saith he) the walles of townes were but low, as appear∣eth by the walles of Rome, which Remus easily lea∣ped over: and the walles of Winchester, which were overlooked by Colebrand the Chieftaine of the Danes, who was slaine by Guy Earle of Warwick, who was Champion for King Athelstane.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Saltier, Gules by the name of Gerard, of which Family is that true noble Gentleman the Lord Gerard Baron of Gerards Bromley in the Coun∣ty of Stafford, and also Sir Gilbert Gerard of Harrow Hill in Middlesex.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Saltier, Azure, in Chief three Ermines, by the name of Williams, of London, and is borne by William Williams of London Merchant of the Levant, a person of eminent note and Reputati∣on; and by Daniel Williams his Brother, as also by John Williams and William Williams, and a third Bro∣ther, all Merchants of London.

* 1.335

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Saltire, Verrey, by the name of Willington. This Ordinary is limited to the fifth part of the Field, the same not being charged, but if it be charged, then shall it contain the third part there∣of. This charge also varieth his name in Blazon, accor∣ding to the diverse formes of Lines, whereof the same is composed; for that it is no lesse diversly made in respect of the lineaments thereof, than the Crosse be∣fore handled.

SECT. II. CHAP. VIII.

* 1.336HAving hitherto shewed at large the severall forms of making of such Charges as we call honourable Ordinaries: Order requireth that I should now shew their diverse manner of Bearing, according to our prefixed Di∣stribution.

These are borne

• ...Simple,
• ...Compound.

Those are said to be borne Simple. when onely Ordinaries do appear in the field.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Ermine, a Saltier, Engrailed, Sable, by the Name of Ingoldesby, and was the Coat of Sir Ri∣chard Ingoldesby late of Lethenborough in Buckingham∣shire Knight, who by Elizabeth Daughter of Sir Oliver Cormwell of Hinchingbrook, in the County of Hunting∣ton, Knight of the Bath, hath left a Noble and hope∣full Progeny.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pales, Ermine and Ermines, a Saltire ingrailed, counter-changed by the names of Latton, of Kingston in the County of Berks, a person of good worth and quality.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pale, Argent and Vert, a Sal∣tier counterchanged, and a Canton, Ermine, by the Name of Hunt, and is the Coat of that ingenious Gen∣tleman Richard Hunt of Rumford in the County of Essex.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gyrony of four, Argent and Gules, a Saltire between as many Croslets, all counter-chan∣ged, this is the Coat of Sir Roger Twisden of East Peck∣ham in Kent, Knight and Baronet, a worthy Gentle∣man and judicious Antiquary; as well appears to those whose studies are that way inclined: nor lesse eminent and celebrated for his understanding in the Lawes is his Brother Thomas Twisden Esquire, Serje∣ant at Law, Sons of Sir William Twisden, Knighted May the 11. 1603. created Baronet June 29. 1611. by Ann Finch Daughter of Elizabeth, Countesse of Winchelsey, by whom he had also William, John and Francis, Elizabeth wife of Sir Hugh Cholmley Knight and Baronet, and Anne married to Christopher Yelverton Knight and Baronet, which Family aforesaid by marriage of the Daugh∣ter and heir of Chelmington of Chelmington in Chart. magna, there seated themselves many Ages agoe, though since removed to Roydon Hall in East Peckham, by marrying Elizabeth Daughter and Heir of Thomas Roydon Esquire then Proprietor.

These Ordinaries comprehend

• ...One sort.
• ...Divers sorts.

Ordinaries are said to be of one sort,* 1.337 when only one kind of them is borne in the Field without mixture of any other.

Whose bearing is

• ...Single,
• ...Manifold.

By single bearing I understand some one Ordinary borne alone in the Es∣cocheon:* 1.338 such are these precedent examples before handled.

By Manifold bearing of Ordinaries,* 1.339 I mean the bearing of divers Ordi∣naries of the same kind, whether the same be borne of themselves alone, or else conjunctly with some of their Subdivisions.

Which forme of bearing is twofold, viz

• ...One upon another.
• ...One besides another.

What is meant by the bearing of Ordinaries of one kind, one upon ano∣ther, may be easily conceived by these four Escocheons next following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a crosse, Gules, surmounted of another, Argent, by the name of Malton. Amongst the crosses formerly exemplified, I have given an ex∣ample of one much like to this in shew, but yet much differing from the same, as you will easily find by comparing them together: for in the former the field sheweth thorough the innermost parts thereof, but in this it is farre otherwise; forasmuch as herein are two crosses, whereof that which lyeth next the Field is, Gules, and the other that is placed upon the same is Argent; so as in this it can by no means be conceived to be of that kind before handled, for then should the Ermines appear in the inner part thereof, as well as in the rest of the Field, then might you boldly call the same a crosse voided, as that formerly handled.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a crosse couped, Argent, charged with another, Gules. This example doth more appa∣rantly expresse the double charge shewed in the last precedent Escocheon, for that the crosse that lieth next the field is made more spacious than the former: and withall it doth inform our understanding, that there is great difference betweene the bearing of this, and of the Crosse fimbriated, herein, that in the crosse fimbri∣ated the edges thereof doe occupy the least portion thereof, and in this the surmounting Crosse hath the least part of the same. This therefore cannot by any means de understood to be a Crosse fimbriated, for so should the gard or edge thereof be larger than the thing that is said to be guarded, which were a very absurd affir∣mation.

* 1.340

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Saltire, Or, charged with ano∣ther, Vert, by the name of Andrewes. What hath been formerly said in the last precedent example touching the Cross, doth hold also in this and other like bearings: for in things having a conformity or resemblance one of another, the same reason holdeth in the one as in the other: where contrariwise, of things having no resemblance or likeness, the reason is diverse.* 1.341 This Engine (as Leigh noteth) in old time was of the height of a man, and was borne of such as used to scale the walls of Cities or Towns (which then were but low) and it was driven full of pins fit for that purpose. Ʋpton saith, it was an En∣gine to catch wild beasts, and therefore bestowed upon rich and covetous persons, that willingly will not depart from their substance.

* 1.342Proceed we now to examples of Ordinaries of the same kind borne one besides another: such are these next following, and their like.

* 1.343

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, three Pallets, Gules. This Coat appertaineth to the ancient Family of Berchem, Lord of Berchem in Brabant near Antwerpe. And as there are Ordinaries of this kind borne in straight lines, so are they also borne in lines unde, as in example. The bea∣ring of Piles, Pales, Bends, Barres, and their extracted parts, was called of old Heralds, Restriall, in respect of their strength and solid substance, which is able to abide the stresse and force of any triall they shall be put unto.

* 1.344

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Pallets Wave, Gules, by the name of Downs of Debnam, Suffolke. Note, that such Ordinaries, as either of themselves, or else by rea∣son of some charge imposed upon them, do challenge the third part of the Field, are exempted from this kind of bearing one besides another, because of such the Field can contain but one of them at once. But their Derivatives or Subdivisions may well be sorted with them in the same Escoheon; as a Pale between Two Endorses, a Bend between two Cotises, and such like of the same kind, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, a Bend Ingrailed, Argent, Co∣tissed, Or. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the wor∣thy Family of Fortescue of Devon. As these Cotisses are borne plain, so shall you finde them varied after the divers formes of lines before expressed, as in these ex∣amples following may in part be seene: and Vptons assertion (before delivered) touching their diversitie of shapes approved as by practice the diligent obser∣ver shall easily peceive.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Sable, a Bend, Argent, between two Co∣tisses dauncette, Or, by the name of Clopton, albeit these Cotisses may seeme to be of a divers kind from the Bend wherewith they are sorted: yet is it otherwise inas∣much as they are subdivisions abstracted from the Bend, as hath beene before shewed. Now I will shew you Bends borne one besides the other.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, two bends, Gules. This Coat-Armour I finde in an Ancient Manuscript, of Collection of Englishmens Armes in Metall and Colours, with the Blazon in French, of the time of our Henry the Sixt, as it is apparent by the Character of the letter: over which Coat-Armour is there written the bearers name, viz. Mounsieur John Haget; from whom Master Barthol∣mew Haget, late Consull of Aleppo, deriveth his descent. This booke at this present remaineth in the custody of a worthy friend of mine, a curious Collector and carefull preserver of such ancient monuments.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Or, two Bendlets, Azure, by the name of Doyly, a Family of very great antiquity, and divers hundreds of years agoe Barons of Parliament; for Robert Lord Oy∣ley or d'Oyley came into England with the Conqueror and founded the Castle of Oxford within five years of the Conquest, whose Son Robert the second Lord D'-Oiley was Constable to King Henry the first, and foun∣ded the Abbey of Osney.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, three Croslets, Fitchee between two Bendlets, Or, being the Coat of Sir Norton Knatch∣hull of Marsham Hatch in the County of Kent Knight and Baronet, a Gentleman of much worth and wise∣dome, and generally beloved in his Country.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, three Bends wavey, Azure. This is the ancient Paternall Coat-Armour belonging to Wilbraham of Ch••shire, as appeares by divers Records in the Office of Armes, and elsewhere. The chiefe of which name is Sir Richard Wilbraham of Woodhey Knight and Baronet, lineally descended from Sir Ri∣chard Wilbraham Knight, who lived in the Raigne of King Henry the third, and was high Sheriffe of the aforesaid County in the beginning of King Ed∣ward the first. From which Family of Wilbraham of Woodhey descended Sir Roger Wilbraham Knight, lately one of the Ma∣sters of Requests in Ordinary to King Iames, and Surveyor of his Majesties Court of Wards and Liveries; who at Nantwich (the place of his birth) and elsewhere, hath by his charitable Acts left pious Monuments of his name and memory. Master Boswell in his Workes of Armory observeth that the Bearer of such Bends as these, or of the like Coat-Armour may be thought to have done some great enterprise upon the Seas worthy of perpetuall commendation. As for Ordinaries of other sorts borne likewise one be∣sides another of the same kind, behold these next Examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, three Barres waved, Argent, by the name of Samford. To the end I may make plaine (by demonstration) the use of the severall formes of Lines before expressed; I made choise of this Coat-Armour; to exemplifie the third sort of Bunched lines there men∣tioned. This kind of bearing may put us in minde, that like as in a tempestuous storme, the seas being trou∣bled, do raise their waves one immediatly upon ano∣ther: So likewise hath God ordained that one trouble should succeede an other to keep his chosen in conti∣nuall exercise, and may have manifold experiments of his gracious provi∣dence and fatherly care, in preserving of them in all their troubles, and giveth them a comfortable event, and happy end of all their afflictions: As appeareth. Iob 5.19. He shall deliver thee in six troubles, and in the seventh the evill shall not touch thee. It is a blessed thing to be under Gods correction, as witnesseth Iob 5.17. Behold, blessed is the man whom God correcteth, therefore refuse not thou the chastisement of the Almighty: for he maketh the wound and bindeth it up, he smiteth and his hands make whole, Vers 18. Againe, he delive∣reth the poore in affliction; and openeth their Eare in trouble, Io•• 36.15. By af∣flictions God moveth the hearts of his children to feele their sinnes, that they may come to him by repentance, as he did Manasseh. And if they be bound in fetters and tied with cords of affliction, (Iob 36.8.) Then will he shew them their worke, and their transgressions that they have exceeded, Verse 9. Behold God exalteth by his power, what teacher is like unto him? Verse 22. Affliction bringeth us to knowledge and acknowledging of our sinnes, as we may see, Deuter. 31.17.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Barres Dauncette, Gules,* 1.345 by the name of Delamare. This example serveth to in∣forme our understanding of the use of that sort of A∣cute anguled Ordinaries, that in Blazon we terme by the name of Dauncette; and is in shape like to that other sort of Acute anguled Line, which is there named In∣dented, but differeth from the same onely in quantitie, wherein these doe exceede those, as deing more spa∣ciously drawn than they.

Now from Ordinaries of the same kind borne one upon another, and one besides another, with their extracted Subdivsions,* 1.346 proceede we to Ordinaries of divers kinds, and their Diminitives abstracted from them, eftsoones found likewise borne both one upon another, and one besides another: Such are these next following and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, on a Cheuron, Argent,* 1.347 three Barres Gemelles, Sable, by the name of Throkmorton of Gloucester shire. These are termed in Blazon Barres Ge∣melles, of the Latine word Gemellus, which signifieth a Twin, or children of one birth, as Gemelli fratres, brothers of one birth, for like as these are twins of a birth, so are those in like sort borne by couples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Pile, Argent,* 1.348 surmounted of a Cheuron, Gules, by the name of Dyxton. This Coat is found in the Abby Church of Cirencester in the County of Gloucester; and it serveth fitly to exemplifie a Rule formerly delivered touching the usuall Blazoning of distinct things borne in one Escocheon; viz. that the Charge lying next and immediatly upon the Field, shall be first nominated, and then things more re∣mote.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Satire Engrailed, Argent,* 1.349 an Inescocheon, Or, charged with a Crosse, Gules, by the name of Morris. It may be of some conceived that there is false Armory in this Coat, in respect of the Escocheon, Or, placed upon the Saltire, Argent, which is Metall upon Metall, a kinde of bearing (as also colour upon colour) utterly condemned for false Armorie: but such kind of falsitie is evermore meant of metall upon metall, or colour upon colour, placed in one self-same Escocheon: but here are severall Sheilds, and those pertaining to distinct Families, and therefore not to be holden for false Armorie.

* 1.350

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Pale, Sable; three Crosses Pa∣tee, Or, within a Bordure Engrailed, of the second, by the name of Crowch of Alswike in the County of Hartford. Here you may observe that when you are to Blazon an Escocheon wherein are borne a Pale and a Bodure, that you must mention the Pale before the Bordure.

* 1.351

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, a Fesse and Canton, Gules. This Coat-Armour pertained to the honourable Family of Woodvile, created Earle Rivers in the time of King Ed∣ward the Fourth, who was also L. Treasurer of England: from whom many worthy persons of high calling are descended. As touching Ordinaries of divers kindes borne one upon another, you must observe, that if they be both of one metall, colour, or Furre, their parts contingent are not severed by purfle, for that by their formes it may be easily conceived what Ordinaries they are, notwithstanding the defect of the purfle.

* 1.352

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, two Barres and a Canton, Ar∣gent, by the name of Deane, of Tatton in the County of Hereford. As to the omission of purfle last before mentioned, the Rule there given holdeth not alone in that, but also in these and all other Coats of like bearing, I mean such as have in them a Canton or Quarter borne joyntly (as in these) with some other Ordinary of the same metall, colour, or fur, now I will adde one example of the joynt bearing of a Canton with three Bars, as in this next Escocheon appeareth.

* 1.353

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Bars and a Canton, Gules, by the name of Fuller. Many more examples of Coat-armours of like sort of bearing could I produce, were it not that I hold these few sufficient to inform the understanding of studious Armorists, that as well Or∣dinaries of divers kinds, as those of the same kind, are found born one upon another; & withal to occasion them to prie more narrowly into these curious and nice manners of bearing, which numbers of them do sleightly passe over, as if they held them unworthy of more than ordinary observation. But here the Bars are cut too little.

* 1.354

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Bend and Chief; Or. This is a Coat of rare bearing, which I find cut in stone in the Abby Church of Westminster, in the North part there∣of. The conjoyning of these two Ordinaries doth constitute (on the left side thereof) the forme of a Gyronne; and the Ordinaries themselves thus united, do resemble the form of the Arithmeticall figure of Seven turned backwards.

Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds borne one be∣sides another, you shall have these Examples ensuing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Fesse between two Cheurons, Sable; This Coat-armour was borne by Sir John Lisle Knight, one of the first founders of the most Noble Order of the Garter, as appeareth by his Plate whereon these armes are enameled, and yet remaining in his Stall in the Quier in the Chappel of Saint George at Winsore. Which Sir John Lisle was Lord of the Mannor of Wilbraham in the County of Cambridge, of which said Mannor Wil∣liam Lisle Esquire is at this day Seised. A Gentleman, to whom the Studious in our ancient Saxon tongue are much obliged, for the clear light he hath given therein by his great travell and pains.

Robert Lisle, who was a Baron in the times of King Edward the second, and Edward the third, bore the same Coat-Armour. And diverse Anti∣ent and Eminent Nobles of this Kingdome do rightfully quarter these Armes, being descended from the heirs generall of the Family of Lisle.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Crosse, Argent,* 1.355 in the Dexter Quarter, an Escocheon, Or, charged with three Cheu∣ronels of the first, by the name of Saint Owen; which Family either for affection, or for some Lands which they anciently held of the house of Clare, may seem to have assumed the Armes of the said Clare in the dexter point of the Field; which forme of bearing is of very rare use.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Crosse-floury, Gules, in the Si∣nister quarter, an Escocheon, Sable, charged with a cross of the first; by the name of Penthar. This Coat I have also inserted here, because of the variety and rarity of it, being of no lesse rarenesse than the former, and seldome seen to be borne by any: in Blason of which I break not the Rule formerly given, by twice re∣peating the word cross, because it is in the Eseocheon by it selfe.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Topaz, a Saltire and chief, Ruby;* 1.356 and is the Armes of Thomas Bruce Lord of Kinloss in Scotland, Earl of Elgin, and Lord Bruce of Worleton in the Coun∣ty of Yorke, Persons of much worth, and great Lovers of Arts and Sciences. These Armes sometime belonged to the old Bruses of Anandale, and also to the Earles of Carict; out of which House this▪ right honourable Lord derived his descent.

* 1.357

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, two barres and a chiefe indented, Or, by the name of Hare; and as I take it, derived from the ancient Armes of Harecourt, and is the Coat of Sir Ralph Hare of Stow Bardolph in Com. Norf. and also of the Lord Hare, Baron Colrane, a Family of no mean account, whose Coat-Armour it is if the chief were a∣way. In this Escocheon you may observe in some part, the variable shape of chiefs, occasioned by reason of divers formes of lines (before shewed) whereof they are composed. The rest, time and diligent observation will make plain.

* 1.358

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, three cheuronels, brased in the base of the Escocheon, and a chief, Or. This Coat Ar∣mour pertaineth to the honourable Family of Fitz-Hugh, sometimes ancient Barons of the North parts of this Land; of whom the right honourable the Earl of Pembrook is heir, and writeth himself,* 1.359 amongst his other titles, Lord Fitz Hugh, and also quartereth the Coat. These are tearmed in Blazon Ch••uronels, in respect they are abstracted from cheurons, whereof they have not alone the shape, but also a borrowed name of diminution, as if you should call them minute, or small cheu∣rons.

The end of the Second Section.

Naturalia, sunt specula eorum quae non viden••ur.

THis third Section beginneth to treat of such Charges of Coat-Armours as are called Common Charges, whereof some be Naturall and meerly formall; such are Angels and Spirits: and o∣thers are both Formall and Materiall: as the Sun, Moon, Stars, as also such Natures as are Sublunar, whether they be living after a sort, as all kinds of Minerals, or that they live perfectly, as all man∣ner of Vegetables, and Sensitive Creatures, with their Generall and Particular Notes, Rules, Precepts and Observations.

The Table of the Third Section.

• Common Charges whereof some are
  • Naturall,
    • For∣mall,
      • As all kinds of spirits, which albeit they are Incorporeall Essences; yet in respect that some of them have had assumpted bodies, as those that appeared to Abraham, Lot, &c. they have been borne in Armes according to such their assumpted shapes.
    • Ma∣teri∣all.
      • Simple
        • Constant
          • Heavens.
          • Starres.
            • Fixed.
            • Wandring: as the Sun, Moon, Comets, &c.
        • Inconstant, as the Elements, Islands, Mountains, Fountains, &c.
      • Mixt.
        • Brute as Meteors
          • Fiery, as the Mullet, or falling Star, Lightening, &c.
          • Watery, as Clouds, Rain-bowes▪ and their like.
        • Living,
          • After some sort, as Metals, or Minerals,
            • Liquefiable, as Gold, Silver, &c.
            • Not Liquefiable, as Stones
              • Precious, as the Diamond, Saphire, Escarbuncle, Ruby, &c.
              • Base, as all sorts of stones of vulgar use, and im∣ployment.
          • Perfectly,
            • Plants and other ve∣getives that grow upon a
              • Stump
                • Simple, that doe grow upon one body or stemme, as all kind of trees with their limbs, leaves and other parts.
                • Manifold, as Shrubs of all sorts, whose leaves, flowers and fruits are of more frequent use of bearing in Armes, than is their whole bearing.
              • Stalke: Such are all kindes of herbs and their parts, viz. their leaves and flowers.
            • Sensible Creatures.
              • Cōmon parts
                • Contained, whereof onely bloud is of use in Armes.
                • Contai∣ning.
                  • Adjuncts, scil. their
                    • Support as the bones.
                    • Covering, which is their Skinne.
                  • Their A∣nimall parts de∣stinated to
                    • Sense and Motion together, as the Braine, whose excrement, viz. teares, are onely of use in Ar∣mory.
                    • Motion alone, the use whereof in Armes is the heart.
              • Kinds which are
                • unrea∣sonable, such are Animal,
                  • Terre∣stiall that live
                    • Upon the earth, & are
                      • Four footed and do produce
                        • Living crea∣tures
                          • Whole footed, as the Ele∣phant, Horse, Mule, Asse, &c.
                          • Di∣versly clovē viz.
                            • In two, as Harts, Goats, &c.
                            • Into many parts as Lions Bears, Wolves, &c.
                        • Egges of which some have
                          • Four-feet, as the Tor∣tois, Frog, Lizard, Cro∣codile, &c. More than four feet, as the Scor∣pion, Ante, Grashopper, &c.
                      • Creeping, or rather gliding, as Snakes Snailes, Blind-wormes, &c.
                    • Above the earth, having their feet.
                      • Whole and plain, and are called Pal∣mipedes, as the Swan, Goose, Ducks, and other like river Foules Divided, as Eagles, Hawkes, and all Birds of prey, and domesticall Foules.
                  • Wate∣ry whose cove∣rings,
                    • Soft of which some are
                      • Skinned, as Lampreis, Eeles, Congers, and such like.
                      • Scaled, as the Dolphin, Barhell, Carp, Bream, Roch, &c.
                    • Hard, which are
                      • Crusted, as Lobsters, Crabs, Crevices, Prawns, Shrimps, &c.
                      • Shelled, as Escalops, Oysters, Periwin∣kles, Muskles, &c.
                • Reasonable, which is Man.
  • Artificiall, whereof see the Table of the fourth Secti∣on, at this Character, C.

SECTION III. CHAP. I.

HAving performed the task w••ich our proposed Order imposed on us, touching Proper Ch••rges, together with their making, and divers manner of Bearing: the same orderly Progression now calleth us to the handling of common charges, mentioned in the second member of the same distribution.* 1.360 By Common charges I mean all such other charges hereafter following as are not hitherto handled.

Whether they be

• ...Naturall,
• ...Artificiall.

Things Naturall (according to Philosophers) are Essences by themselvs subsisting.* 1.361 Res naturalis est essentia per se subsistens. Manifold, and in man∣ner infinite are these things Naturall, as Zanchius noteth, saying, Multae sunt, & prope infinitae, non ••am res, quam rerum species, in Coelis, in Aere, in Terris, in Aquis: therefore it is not to be expected, that I should in exemplifying of them, pass through all the particulars of them; but onely touch super∣ficially some of their chiefest, selected out of that innumerable variety, whereby I may manifest in what rankes, and under what heads, each pecu∣liar thing must be bestowed, according to their severall kinds, and so re∣deem them from all former confused mixture.

Of things Naturall, some are

• ...Formall,
• ...Materiall.

* 1.362The formal Nature is most simple and pure, and consisteth of the propri∣ety of its own form, without any body at all: of which sort are Spirits, which (according to Scribonius) are Essentiae formatae rationales & immorta∣les, Essences perfectly formed, reasonable and immortall: I say, perfectly formed, to distinguish them from the soules of men, whose forming is not perfect in it selfe, but is for the informing and perfecting of the body and the whole Man.

Amongst such Formes are numbred

• ...Angels,
• ...Cherubims.

* 1.363Angels (in the opinion of most men) are incorporeal essences of a spiritual Nature, void of all materiall substance▪ Angelus in Latine, is the same that Nuntius is, that is to say, a Messenger; and the same is a name of Office, and not of Nature, as S. Augustine noteth upon Psalme 104. saying, Quaeris nomen hujus naturae? Spiritus est. Quaeris officium? Angelus est. Will you know the nature of it? It is a Spirit. Will you know the office of it? It is an Angell or Messenger.* 1.364 The like may we finde (saith he) in man: Nomen naturae Ho∣mo, officij Miles: nomen naturae Vir, officij Praetor: To be a man, is a name of nature; to be a Souldier or Pretor, is a name of office. Angels are M ssengers, by whom God hath manifested his will and power to his Elect in Christ Iesus: In which respect also, the Ministers of God are called in Scriptures Gods An∣gels, and therefore to be honoured as his Embassadours and Messengers; and

their doctrine is Evangelium, the good Angelicall Message of life eternall with the Angels in Heaven.

All Angels are of like sprituall substance, of like intelligent facultie, of like will and choice; In fine all of them created a like good, and in nature perfect. Neverthelesse, as all men by nature and naturall dignity are alike, but by accident some of them are of more esteeme and worthinesse than others: So it is also with Angels, inasmuch as some of them (if we give cre∣dit to Philosophers) are appointed to attend the motion of the Heavens, others to expresse the rage of Devils, as appeareth Iob 8. Others have charge of preservation of Kingdomes, and to keepe under the rage of Ty∣rants, as is manifest Daniel 20. Some have charge of some particular Church, others of Apostles and Pastours, and others of private persons, Psal. 91. And all of them are by Scripture said to be Ministring Spirits.

Of this diversitie of functions, and severall administrations, it is thought (because some of these offices are of higher imployment than others are) that some of them are simply called Angels, some Archangles, some Vertues, some Dominations, as Saint Hierome expresly sheweth.

And albeit these heavenly Spirits be in their owne nature void of all corpo∣real or material substance, yet is it certain, when it pleased God so to im∣ploy them, they had assumpted bodies for the time, to the end they might the more effectually accomplish the service that God had injoyned them. Such bodies had the three Angels that appeared to Abraham, Gen. 18.* 1.365 Such bodies also had the two Angels that came unto Lot, Genes. 19. And as God gave them bodies for that time, so did he give them also the faculties an∣swerable to such bodies: viz. to walke, talk, eate, drink, and such like. These bodies and bodily faculties were given them, to the end they might more familiarly converse and discourse with the godly, to whom they were sent, and the better perform the charge injoyned them, insomuch as they did unfainedly eate and drink, as Zanchius noteth; whereby they did the better conceal their proper nature, untill such time as they should make known unto men what they were indeed. Hereupon it seemeth the An∣cients of forepassed ages have used the bearing of Angels in Coat-Armours, according to those bodily shapes and habits wherein they appeared unto men, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, an Angell volant in bend,* 1.366 poin∣ting to the Heavens with his right hand, and with his left to the Earth, habited in a Roabe close girt, Sol: having an escrole issuing from his mouth, containing these four Letters: G. I. E. D. The Letters do signi∣fie the words uttered by the multitude of heavenly Souldiers that did accompany the Angell which brought unto the Shepheards the most joyfull tidings of the birth of our biessed Saviour Jesus Christ, praising God, and saying, Gloria in excelsis Deo, & in terra pax: Glory to God on high, and on earth peace. This Coat may well beseem any Ambassador or bringer of happy newes. especially such as first plant Religion both in preserving and propagating the purity of Religion, than any o∣ther of the World.

* 1.367

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Mars, an Angell standing direct, with his hands conjoyned, and elevated upon his brest; habited in a long Roabe close girt, Luna: his wings dis∣plaied, as prepared to flie, Sol. Amongst the Coat-Ar∣mours of such as were assembled at the Councel of Constance, Anno Domini 1413. I find this Coat, borne by the name of Brangor de Cervisia. Furthermore, a∣mongst the persons there assembled, I find that the King of Arabia bare for his Coat an Arch-angel, cou∣ped at the brest, the wings displaied, and insigned in the forehead with a crosse. And that Gideon Episcopus Pellicastrensis did bear an Angel issuing out of the base of the Escocheon, with his hands conjoyned, and elevated on his brest, the wings displaied for readinesse of flight.

* 1.368

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Luna, upon a cheuron Saturne, three An∣gels kneeling, habited in long Robes close girt; with their hands conjoyned, and elevated as aforesaid, and their wings displaied. Sol. This Coat is said to be borne Maellock Krwm of Wales. And indeed this forme of kneeling well fitteth the Angels, to shew their con∣tinuall adoring of their Almighty King; in whose chamber of Presence they dayly wait: but that we should kneele to them, that themselves condmne in the Apocalyps: and Saint Paul expressly forbiddeth Angell-worship. And indeed a madnesse it is, when Christ commands us to pray; O Our Father, that any should teach us to pray, O my Angel. After Angels Cherubims (whose use in Armory is lesse frequent) are to be han∣dled.* 1.369 Of these I find two examples of severall bearing; the one out of Hier. Bara, expressing the sole bearing of a Cherub; another out of Leigh, of a Che∣rub borne upon an Ordinary: to which I have thought fit to add a Coat of name, for a more manifest proof of their use in Arms, as also to shew that they are borne aswell with Ordinaries between them, as upon Ordina∣ries.

* 1.370

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Jupiter, a Cherub having three paire of wings, whereof the uppermost and nethermost are coun∣terly crossed, and the middlemost displaied, Luna. As to the forms of those Cherubims that covered the Arke; it is of some holden, that they had the similitude of certain birds, such as never any man hath seen; but that Moses saw in his most blessed Vision such shapes upon the Throne of God. But Joseph Lib. Antiq. Ju∣daic. 8. saith, Hae cherubicae effigies quanam specie fue∣rint nemo vel conjicere potest vel eloqui: Of what shape these Cherubims were, no mortall man can conjecture or utter.

* 1.371

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

* 1.372 He beareth Luna, on a chief, Jupiter, a cherub dis∣plaied, Sol. The Cherubims were portraicted with wings before the place where the Israelites prayed, to shew how speedily they went about the Lords busi∣nesse. Cherubim (according to Zanchius, Lib. 2. de Nominibus Angelorum) is not the name of any order of Angels, or celestial Hierarchie (as others would have it) but such as may well agree with all Angels;

neither doth that name alwayes signifie their nature, or ordinary office, but for a certain reason, even so long as they do appear to be such, as by those names they are signified to be. And it is to be observed, that Cherub betokeneth the singular number, and Cherubim the plurall number.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Sable, a Cheuron between three Cheru∣bims, Or. This Coat pertained to the right worthy Gentleman, Sir Thomas Chaloner Knight, sometimes Go∣vernour to the most high and mighty Prince Henry, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Rothsay, and Earl of Chester. In our division we distinguished these from Angels, because by most they are taken for a distinct order above ordinary Angels, taking that name from the fulnesse or abundance of divine and mysticall science. Thus have you Examples of Cherubims borne, not onely Sole, but also upon and with Ordinaries.

SECT. III. CHAP. II.

FRom things naturall that are mearly formal,* 1.373 we come to such as are Na∣turall and Materiall. Those are said to be Essences Material, that do con∣sist of a Body subjected to motion and alteration; Natura materiata est essen∣tia in corpore motui obnoxio subsistens, A Material nature is an Essence subsi∣sting in a body subject to motion.

These are

• ...Simple,
• ...Mixt.

Simple, are certain Orbicular or round bodies, or bodily Essences, originally consisting of an unmixted matter.

Of these some are

• ...Constant.
• ...Inconstant.

Those are said to be Constant natures which in respect of their perfection are of most lasting continuance; such are the Celestial Globes and the Stars.* 1.374

The heavenly Sphears or Globes, are

• ...Ʋnmoveable.
• ...Moveable.* 1.375

The Ʋnmoveable is holden to be that uttermost Sphear that glistereth so gloriously as that it dazeleth the sharpest sight of man,* 1.376 and is called Coelum Empyreum, the fiery Heaven: whereof we shall be better able to judge and speak, when God shall bring us thither, and yet our Star-gazers will take upon them to talk so confidently and particularly of those incomprehen∣sible bodies, as if they had been there and surveyed every corner thereof. This celestiall Globe (according to Scribonius) is the Mansion place and Pal∣lace of all the Heavenly Natures; wherein the Angels and other the Blessed of God, do with endless joy behold the presence of Almighty God face to face. To this place (according to the same Author) were Enoch, Elias and Paul rapt up before their deaths.

But now for more orderly progression herein forasmuch as we have oc∣casion here offered to speak of a Sphear, we will first shew what a Sphear is, and so proceed to the rest.

A Sphear is a figure or body exactly round of all parts,* 1.377 and void of all angles and corners. The Sphericall or round forme is of all other the most perfect, as also the most beautifull capable and fit for motion, in as

much as it is voide of all corners, which might give impediment to mo∣ving, therefore is this forme most agreable to the Heavens and Celestiall bodies, which are evermore in continuall and restless motion. It was re∣quisite, that the perfectest body (such as the heavens are) should re∣ceive the perfectest form, which is the orbicular or round figure. Figura Sphaerica (saith Arist. Lib. de Coelo & mundo) est omnium figurarum nobilior.

The motion of the Heavens is the most sincere and unlaboured of all motions, Movetur enim sine labore, & fatigatione, Arist. de Coelo 2. As also it is said in Eccl. 16.26. The Lord hath set his Works in good Order from the be∣ginning, and part of them he sundred from the other, when he first made them. He hath garnished his works for ever, and their beginning so long as they shall en∣dure: they are not hungry, nor wearied in their labours, nor cease from their Of∣fices, Ver. 27. Again, None of them hindreth another, neither was any of them dis∣obedient to his words, Ver. 28. He buildeth his Sphears in the Heaven, and hath laid the foundations of the Globe of Elements in the earth: he calleth the waters of the Sea, and powreth them out upon the open earth; the LORD is his name, Amos 9.6.

The matter whereof the Heavens are composed, hath in it this naturall property, Not to be moved violently, neither yet naturally to rest. As the same Author testifieth in these words, Natura materiae Coeli est innata, non movere violenter & non quiescere naturaliter, Lib. de coelo: without intermis∣sion is the motion of the Heavens. Therefore are high and noble Spirits resembled to the celestiall bodies, according to Lipsius, A••ti ae••her••ique ani∣mi, ut ipse aether, semper gaudent motu: Men of ethereall or heavenly spirits cannot be idle, but are evermore in action, and exercise of things commen∣dable and vertuous, being thereto moved, and quickened by an honest and free disposition and affection of the will and desire of the mind: Omnia e∣nim honesta opera (saith Seneca) voluntas inchoat, occasio perficit. But vertue hardly receiveth her due merit at all seasons. Neverthelesse, Saepe honora∣ta est virtus, etiam ubi eam fefellit exitus.

The circular motion receiveth beginning in it self, and hath the smoo∣thest passage: for in all other forms you shall find Angles, either more or lesse, which do give impediments to motion, whereby they give occasion of some stay or rest (as I have said before.) Therefore it behoveth, that the sincerest body should be fitted with the simplest form and motion. In this kind of motions of the Heavens, is signified the very eternity of God, wherein there is neither beginning nor ending to be found; and therefore it is rightly said by the Apostle, The invisible things of God, are conceived and understood by his creatures: as also his everlasting power and divine essence, whereof his visible works are the expresse Characters.

Mercurius Trismegistus in his description of God, resembleth him to a Sphear, saying, Deus est Sphaera, qui ratione sapientiaque comprehenditur, cujus centrum est ubique, circumferentia vero nusquam, &c. God is a Sphear that is apprehended by reason, whose center is every where, and his circumfe∣rence no where. For God hath neither beginning nor ending, he wants be∣ginning because he was not made by any; but was himself the Creator of all things: and he is void of ending, by reason that he had no beginning: Nam quicquid finitur, in sua principia resolvitur, Whatsoever hath an end, the same is resolved into that it was at the first.

* 1.378As touching the substance of the Heavens, Scribonius saith, that it is Cor∣pus constans ex aqua, in firmissimam essentiam instar pellis extensae concamera∣tum.

It is a body (sath he) co••••••sting of Water, in the most solid substance thereof spread out v••uit-w••••e like a skin.

Though it may seem to th••e (Courteous Reader) that I doe undertake a needlesse labour is manifesting that the glorious Heavens and Earth, were formed and framed by the most powerfull God, a thing so frequent in the sacred Scriptures, and also so clear, as that no man can doubt there∣of: yet give me leave for my own particular, who do labor to apprehend every occasion, to publish the glory of the Eternall and Omnipotent God (which is the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and principall end of our Creation) especially sithence the order of my Method requireth the same; and that bonum aliquod soe∣pius repetitum delecta••; Give me leave, I say, in this my latter impression, to reprove my selfe for my too much neglected duty in my former: that so, though very late, yet at the last, I may prefer the glory of God before the order of Method.

The Moveable Sphear of the Heavens is the Firmament.* 1.379 The Firmament is that continuall moving Heaven, which with his swift Revolution swayeth all the Inferior Orbes, and is called in Latine Firmamentum (according to Scri∣bonius) à firmitate, that is, of the stability thereof; meaning (as I conceive) either the durable subsisting of it, or else the unmoveableness of the two Poles, Artick and Antartick: otherwise, one selfesame thing cannot be said to be moveable and constant, but in a divers respect; even as an Iron wheele in a Clock, though still in motion, yet both in respect of the metalline solidity, and of the sure fastning to the Axell, it may be said to be Firme and Ʋn∣moveable. If any man bear a representation of the Heavens, in his Coat-Ar∣mour, whether the same have the likenesse of a Solid or Armill Sphear, they must be reduced to this head: of this kind did the famous Archimedes choose for his Device, who before his death, commanded that a Sphear should be ingraven on his Sepulchre. And such a bearing is honourable for any great professor of Astronomy, not such witlesse wizards and fortune tellers as usually deceive the world with their idle predictions, but those noble spirits, whose Eagle-eyes search out the true natures, revolutions and pro∣perties of those Supernall Essences.

The regardfull consideration of the Heavens and the Ornaments thereof, together with their certain and orderly motions, should mightily move and provoke us to raise up our thoughts, from the love and contemplation of base and earthly objects (whereon we usually dote) to the admiration of his unspeakable power and love of his incomprehensible goodn••sse, who made such a wonderfull Architecture; first, to serve for our use in this life, and afterward, to be our blessed Palace and Mansion in a better life. For though all creatures demonstrate the wisedome of their wonderfull workmaster, yet the Heavens, especially declare his glory, and the firmament his handy∣work▪ which made the godly King David, to rise out of his bed in the night, to behold the Heavens, and thereby to call to mind the perversi∣ty of Man, which never keeps the course that God prescribeth, whereas those bodies though void of sense, yet from their first creation never fal∣tered in their endlesse journies.

Now sithence I have demonstrated, and laid open unto you what a Sphear is, the form, perfection, dignity, property, motion, substance thereof, and the like; I will now shew unto you, an Example of a Shield, illustrated with manifold variety of Celestiall bodies, &c. Which will be very ne∣cessary and commodious to be inserted in this place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, a Spheare, Azure, beautified and re∣plenished with manifold variety of Celestiall bodies, en∣vironing the Terrestriall Globe, All proper.

These were the Ornaments wherewith the Shild of that famous and valiant Grecian Captain Achilles was illustrated and garnished: Which he caused to be en∣graven therein, to the end that the mind of the behol∣ders of them might be raised thereby to a considerate contemplation and meditation of the admirable pow∣er and wisedome of the Omnipotent Creator of them: which Duty whosoever performeth, he accomplisheth the summe and effect of all true Nobility.

This Shield did Vulcan garnish with variety of starres of manifold kinds, and added thereto the skilfull feates and practises aswell of Peace as of Warres, and all their rights and Offices; omitting (in a manner) nothing pertaining to the well governing of the assemblies and societies of men.

By this invention did he labor to manifest unto us that there is no shield more powerfull to rest the vehement and violent assaults of adverse for∣tune; than for a man to be furnished throughout with the compleat Ar∣mour of cardinall vertues, so shall he be fitted and prepared to sustaine whatsoever brunt, or forcible encounter shall assaile him.

If we shall compare this Shield of Achilles, thus garnished and furnished with manifold varieties of things, both Celestiall and Terrestriall, with those Coat-Armours that consist of Lyons, Griffons, Eagles, and such other Ani∣mals, or ravenous creatures; we shall find that to be more available to chase away and foil all passionate perturbations of the mind, occasioned by the concurrence of some sudden and unexpected danger, than any, or all of these together can be: by how much that compriseth a mixture of cala∣mities and comforts together. For as the Globe of the earth doth represent unto us the dreadfull and dismall dangers that attend our mortall state, by reason of the manifold mutability of things Sublunar, to the daunting (of∣tentimes) of the most valiant: so contrariwise, the Celestiall forms do re∣present unto us an Antidote or preservative against all dangerous events and Accidents, when we call to mind that those Celestiall powers, or ra∣ther Gods power in them, is able to divert or mitigate in a moment all harmefull events and dangers whatsoever, be they never so deadly. For these Celestiall bodies are Gods mighty and strong Army, wherewith he oftentimes discomfiteth and subdueth his enemies, and such as seek the spoil and destruction of his chosen people. As we may see Judg. 5.20. They fought from heaven,* 1.380 even the Stars in their courses fought against Sisera. The Sun staied his course at the prayer of Josuah,* 1.381 10.12. And the Sun abode, and the Moon stood still, untill the people avenged themselves upon their enemies, ver. 13. And there was no day like that before it, nor after it, that the Lord harkned to the voice of man,* 1.382 for the Lord fought for Israel. And again, Eccl. 46.4 Stood not the Sun still by his means, and one Day was as long as two, ver. 14.

By these visible forms we should be incited and provoked (upon their view) to invocate the most powerfull God, for his aid and deliverance, when we find our selves any way distressed or beset with perils by the ex∣ample of Jos. He called unto the most high governor, when the Enemies pressed upon him on every side, and the mighty Lord heard him, & fought for him with Hail-stones, and with mighty power. So should we receive

like comfort in all distresses, as Josuah did. Thus should their view put us evermore in mind, to raise our thoughts to Godward, and take every occasion to glorifie him, by invocating him for his aide; and say with the Kingly Prophet David, I 〈◊〉〈◊〉 my Eyes to the Hils from whence cometh my help, &c. So should we evermore in all distresses find the comfort of his ever-ready and never failing promise and providence: For in all things, O Lord, thou hast magnified and glorified thy people, And hast not despised to assist them in every time and place, Wisedome 29.21.* 1.383

These kinds of Coat-Armours are so much more noble and excellent, than these that we receive by descent from our Progenitors (as remune∣rations of their vertuous demerits) by how much they have in them store of Art, witty Invention, and of efficacy to admonish and put us in mind to persist in the performance of our Duties.

This manner of adorning of Shields doth Aldrovandus commend above all other garnishings, saying, Nihil aeque atque Philosophia, ab omnibus adversis tuctur, nihil ejus explicatu aptius est ad scutum exornandum & honestius. There is nothing that doth so safely protect a man against the damage of adverse Fortune, as Philosophy doth, neither is there any thing more fit and seem∣ly to beautifie a Shield withall than the explanation thereof.

Emblems, Hi••roglyphicks, and Ensignes of noble Families, inasmuch as they do instruct our eyes unto vertue, they cannot be defaced or blemi∣shed without great wickedness: The reason thereof doth Farnesius give in these words, Cum virtutum imaginibus tantum debemus, quantum mutis praeceptoribus: Si illae tamen mutae dici possunt, qui in silentio omni Doctrina sunt verbosiora. Of all the things that are (saith Cicero) there is nothing in the world that is better, nothing more excellent, nothing more beautifull and glorious to behold; and not only that there is, but that nothing can be thought or imagined to be of more surpassing beauty than the world; whereunto Lipsius annexeth this addition, examine the universa∣lity thereof, consider the great and small parts thereof, and you shall find them composed and compacted in such orderly sort, as that they cannot possibly be bettered for use, or more glorious to behold. The considerati∣on whereof moved King David to break forth in admiration.

The Sphericall figure is of all other forms the fairest, the most capable, and the simplest, and comprehendeth all other forms: In a Sphericall Line the end is all one with the beginning, therefore it doth aptly agree with the noblest and perfectest Body, such as the Heavens are.

There is nothing that more apparently expresseth the Sphericall or round Form of the Heavens than doth the Sun by his Circular motion;* 1.384 The Sun, saith Salomon, Eccl. 1.5. riseth and goeth down, and draweth to his place where he riseth.

To the most simple body, the simplest motion is due, as also the simplest form and shape.

Those things are said to be moved without labour, which are moved without any intermission or rest, or any appetite or desire of rest: such is the motion of the Heavens, because they are Circular or round: in the Circular motion there is no rest at all.

That the world is Orbicular or round it is manifest by the infallible testi∣mony of the Prophet David, Psa. 89. The Heavens are thine, the earth also is thine, thou hast laid the foundation of the round world, and all they that dwell therein, Psa. 24.1. The Orbicular form that we observe to be in Celestial bo∣dies is to them natural, but Accidental to the Elements. According to that

saying, Figura Sphaerica in Coelestibus essentialiter, in Elementis vero acciden∣taliter. Arist. 1. de Coelo.

A Star (which is next to be considered after the Heavens) is a permanent and constant Essence, & the more condensate or compacted part of the Sphear, wherein it is fixed, for the illuminating of inferior bodies: for albeit it be an usuall distinction, that of Stars some are fixed, and some are Planetary or w••ndring, yet they are indeed all fixed alike, and setled in one certain part of the Sphear, but in respect of our eye, and in reference of their motions one of another, they have a divers aspect, and so have gotten a divers name. It is holden that the fixed Stars are discerned by their sparkling or twinck∣ling, by reason that our sight being bound as it were by the forciblenesse of their resplendent raies, our eyes do become wavering and trembling in beholding them; and for this cause ought all Stars to be made with their raies or points waved, as in example.

* 1.385

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Star, Argent, by the name of Ingleby. If this Star were borne Or, which is his pro∣per colour, it would adde much more grace unto it, especially in regard of the Azury-Field, the proper co∣lour of the Heavens, wherein Stars have their naturall mansion. For a Star, saith Farnesius, is a Mysticall Cha∣racter, or Figure of God, to whom all worship and re∣ligion doth properly appertain; for like as Stars are called in Latine, Stellae, à stando, because they be ever∣more fixed in the Firmament: so there is nothing more constant or of more perpetuity than God, whose sacred Will is the Regular di∣rection of all things whatsoever; and therefore may it be said not unfitly that they signifie God and Religion, or otherwise some eminent quality shi∣ning above the ruder sort of men, as a Star in the obscurity of the night.

Now the chiefest, but not the sole end of the Creation of Stars, was not alone to give light, and with their influence to be assisting to the Sun, and Moon, in their procreation, production, and fructification of the Seeds, Sets, Plants and Herbs committed to the Earth; but also to the designation and foreshewing of times and seasons, like as the Sun and Moon were, as shall be shewed in place convenient hereafter. As for example, The rising of the Star Arcturus, placed near to the Bear, called Ʋrsa Major, or the greater Bear denoteth unto us the presence of the Spring.

This Star sheweth it self after the expiration of January and February, as a manifest note of the beginning of the Spring, when the Sun entreth the signe of Aries.

The rising of the Pleiades or seven Stars do demonstrate unto us that the Harvest season is at hand; and so forth of others. We may read hereof Job 38. where he speaketh of the influence of these and of other Stars.

The most part of all the Stars are as it were publishers and proclaimers to admonish us what we ought to do in each season concerning the things serving for the use of this present life.

Stars are Gods Instruments whereby he worketh the effects of his pro∣vidence in these inferiour bodies; Instrumenta autem utitur Artifex pro suo Arbitrio, An Artificer useth his Tool at his pleasure and to serve his wil. In vain therefore are the predictions of them that take upon them to foretell of things contingent, and that shall come to passe in future time, and will confidently affirm what good or evill fortune shall befall a man: A thing that

onely known to the secret will of God, and resteth in his divine provi∣dence to dispose thereof at his good pleasure. As appeareth, Prov. 20.24.

As to the number of points whereof a star consisteth, we must observe, they must never be fewer than six; but when the same is formed of more, then must you in blazoning of them expresse their certain number: for sometimes you shall find a star formed of sixteen points, as in this next ex∣ample shall appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a star of sixteen points, Gules,* 1.386 by the name of Delahay. The field of a Coat-Armour (as some men do hold) being Argent or white doth signifie Literature, and the charge surmounting the same being Gules or Red, which is an Imperiall Co∣lour, and is sometimes, per Synecdochen, taken (as the thing signified) for the sign it self that is thereby re∣presented: And white, being a token of Justice (is in such a Case) surmounted of Red, which is proper to fortitude, betokeneth, as they do conceit it, Learning, which giveth place to Armes; and not Armes to Learning. This did the Poets secretly expresse, when they preferred Pallas to be the Governesse of Learning, and Mars being a man, to the managing of martiall affaires; whom they would have to receive the denomination of Mars, A magni∣tudine Artis.

The excellency of the Stars is highly commended, Eccl. 43.9. where speaking of the glorious beauty of their order and constellations, it is said, that it is a Camp pitched on high, shining in the firmament of Heaven. The beauty of the Heavens are the glorious Stars, and the Ornament that shineth in the high places of the Lord. By the commandment of the Holy one they continue in their order, and fail not in their watch. And the particular Stars (saith Da∣vid) God calleth by their names; as likewise doth patient Job remember the titles of severall constellations.

Stars are sometime found pierced, and other whiles charged:* 1.387 for the dif∣ference of which two forms of bearing, you have had a rule formerly de∣livered. Moreover, it is a rule infallible,* 1.388 that the piercing of Stars must be evermore round; for the piercing square, and Losenge-waies are repugnant to the nature of Stars. Here I will give you a generall observation, touching Bearing of Ordinaries and common charges together.

That in the mixt bea∣ring of Ordinaries and common Charges toge∣ther, all common Char∣ges may be and are borne In, upon, or with

• ...Chiefe,
• ...Pale,
• ...Bend,
• ...Fesse,
• ...Cheuron,
• ...Bar,
• ...Gyronne,
• ...Crosse.
• ...Saltire,
• ...Orle.

or one common Charge,* 1.389 in, upon, or with another.

This Generall rule I have thought good to set downe in this place,* 1.390 here being my first entrance into the handling of common charges, and where their mixt bearing with Ordinaries is first mentioned, to the end that the same may serve as the sterne of a Ship to direct your understanding, tou∣ching such interposed bearing of any of the Common charges with Ordina∣ries;

because I labour to shun all idle iterations, and multiplicity of un∣profitable examples, tending to one and the same end. This form of bea∣ring shall you find dispersedly, yet not confusedly, exemplifyed in this work, that will give approbation to the generality of this note, which doth not warrant this form of bearing alone in these, but also generally in all other Coat-Armours of like kind. Of these severall forms of bearing, I have chosen some particular examples, as in these next Escocheons, and others shall follow in their proper places.

* 1.391

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Star of eight points, between two Flanches, Ermyne, on a Canton, Argent, a Sinister hand, Couped at the wrist, Gules. This is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Hobart, of Blicklinge in the Coun∣ty of Norfolke, Knight and Baronet. Stars are num∣bred amongst the Hoste of Heaven, for that it plea∣seth GOD sometimes to execute his vengeance up∣on the wicked,* 1.392 with no lesse dreadful destruction by them than by Numerous and militant Armies, as ap∣peareth by the place of Scripture, by me formerly cited, Judges, 5. As touching the colour of Stars, I hold it sufficient to name them onely when they be borne properly, and in their naturall colour, which is, Or; but if they be of any other colour, then the same must be named: as for the Canton thus charged, it being an augmentation or remuneration given by our late Dread Soveraign King James, to such as his Majesty advanced to the dignity of Baron (it being an Order and degree by him directed,) One of which number was Sir Henry Hobart, Knight and Baronet, and late Lord chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas; Father to this Sir John Hobart. I shall have better occasion to speak thereof in the sixt Section, and second Chapter. When I come to treat of such Armoriall Signs, as by the Soveraigns favour are sometimes assigned for Augmentations.

* 1.393

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, on a Chief Indented, Gules, three Stars by the name of Escourte, When you find any ordinary charged upon (the Field having no other charge, as in this example) you must reckon their charging to be a dignity unto them, forasmuch as they are deemed to be thereby greatly honoured.* 1.394 In regard whereof they are called Honourable Ordinaries: like as this Chief is charged, so shall you find the Bend, Cheuron, Fesse, Saltire, Bar, and all other the before mentioned Ordinaries, charged upon, as be∣fore we observed, and hereafter shall appear.

* 1.395

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Stars, a Canton, Ermyne, by the name of Leverton. Here I do name three Stars, as if the Canton were away,* 1.396 as well to the end that the manner of their position may be perfectly un∣derstood by such blazon, as also to shew that the Can∣ton doth not rebate the Star in the Dexter point, but onely doth surmount the same.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, an Escocheon, Argent,* 1.397 between eight Stars in Orle. This Coat is borne by Sir John Chamberlen of Priestbury in the County of Glouc. Knight. These Stars are said to be borne in Orle or Orle-waies; but they cannot be properly said to be an Orle of Stars, because they have no connexion to fasten them together, but are borne severally and apart one from another.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Diamond,* 1.398 a Fesse wavey between the two Pole Stars, Arctick and Antarctick, Pearle. Such was the worth of this most generous and renowned Knight, Sir Francis Drake, sometime of Plimmouth, as that his merits do require that his Coat-Armour should be expressed in that selected manner of Bla∣zoning, that is fitting to noble personages, in respect of his noble courage and high attempts atchieved, whereby he merited to be reckoned the honour of our Nation and of Navall profession, in as much as he cutting thorough the Magellanike Straits, An. Dom. 1577. within the com∣passe of three years he encompassed the whole World; whereof his Ship laid up in a Dock near Detford, will long time remain as a most worthy monument. Of these his travels a Poet hath thus sung:

Drake, pererrati novit quem terminus orbis, Qemque semel Mundi vidit uterque Polus; Si taceant homines, facient te Sydera notum: Sol nescit comitis non memor esse sui.

The worlds survaied bounds, brave Drake, on thee did gaze; Both North and Southern Poles, have seen thy manly face; If thanklesse men conceal, thy praise the Stars will blaze: The Sun his fellow-travellers worth will duly grace.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, ten Stars, Or, I take it granted that it is needlesse here to mention the placing of them, this being the best and most usuall forme; This is the Coat of Sir Thomas Alston of Woodhall or Odhill in Bedford-shire Baronet, and Sir John his Brother Knight, as also of that eminent Physitian Docter Edward Al∣ston.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse between three Stars,* 1.399 Gules, by the name of Everard. The three Stars ex∣pressed in this Escocheon, may put us in mind of that threefold path of Religious passage unto the Hea∣venly Canaan, viz. Moderation and sobriety, towards our selves, Piety towards God, and Justice towards men.

The Stars may signifie unto us,* 1.400 a hopefull successe and happy event, in the turbulent time of Tempe∣stuous flawes and turmoiles of this present life.

Like as in the Winter season the Starres shine more clear and resplendent than in the Summer time; even so is the glory and vertue of a generous and magnanimous spirit more evidently discerned in a shattered and broken estate, than in prosperity.

Whensoever there is a separation of common charges borne in Coat-Armours, by reason of the Interposition of some of the before mentioned Ordinaries, then are they not termed Ordinaries, but most worthy Partitions; and they are such (saith Leigh) as though the common charge annexed do occupy more than one point of the Escocheon, yet every of them is in as great effect as though it were one onely thing by the reason of Soveraignty of the same Partition interposed.

Thus I have given you a taste of the Particular and Variable manner of bearing of Ordinaries, commixt with common charges, according to the Ge∣nerall rule formerly given. As for example, that common charges are borne with Ordinaries, you may see in the first and third of these six Escocheons: that they be borne upon Ordinaries, it is manifest by the second Escocheon: that they are parted by Ordinaries interposed betweene them, it appear∣eth by these last Escocheons: that they are borne in forme of Ordinaries, or Ordinary wayes it is clear by the fourth Escocheon.* 1.401 Note, that albeit I have here set downe but one example of each of these particular forms of bear∣ing, yet must you hold that in every of these severall sorts there are di∣vers other particular kinds of composition of Coat-Armours, as shall ap∣peare hereafter at large unto the diligent observer. Furthermore, where∣as I have given onely two examples of Common charges borne with Ordi∣naries, one example of Ordinaries charged upon, one of Ordinaries interposed, and one of common charges borne Ordinary-waies, or in forme of Ordinaries; you must understand by the first sort, all common charges whatsoever, borne with a Pale, Bend, Fesse, Cheueron, or any other of the Ordinaries before named in any sort: by the second, all sorts of Ordinaries charged upon, with any kind of common charge: by the third, an interposition of whatsoever sort of Ordinary betweene common charges: lastly by the fourth, you must under∣stand all sorts of common charges born in forme, or after the manner of a Crosse, Saltire, Pale, Bend, Fesse, or of any other of the said Ordinaries. These have I here handled briefly, because I must of necessity deale more copi∣ously, in each particular of them in places better fitting thereunto.

SECT. III. CHAP. III.

THus farre of such Starres which we called fixed: Now of those Planets whose shapes are of most use in Heraldry;* 1.402 I meane those two glorious Lights, the one for the Day, the other for the Night: for, as for the other five planets, because their aspect is lesse to the view, therefore they cannot easily admit a different form from the fixed Stars. The Sun is the very fountain of Light, and (as some Philosophers think) of Heat also; and all the splendor which the Moone hath, it borroweth from the Sun, and therefore as the Sun goeth further off, or neerer to her, so her light doth increase or diminish.* 1.403 And betweene both these and the Stars there is a great confor∣mity, in respect of their sparkling and resplendent beames, which are in appearance more evident, and in operation more effectuall, or at least more palpably discerned in these, by reason of their neerenesse unto us,

than of those that are from us so far remote. But herein they are unlike, that the beautifull and blazing brightnesse of these is oftentimes subject to the passion of darkning or eclipsing. Of whose glistering, eclipsing and variety of forms, we have bearing, these and other like examples follow∣ing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Sun in his glory,* 1.404 by the name of S. Cleere. To expresse the colour of the Sun being thus borne, I hold it needlesse: for who knoweth not that the chiefest glory and highest commendation that may be given to the Sun doth consist in this, that he is beautified with the brightnesse of his proper beames: which cannot be better expressed than by the colour Gold, or Gold-yellow. But if it be borne of any other than this, which is his natural colour, then must the same be expresly mentioned, as in due place shall appear. The Sun is called in Latine Sol, according to some Authors, vel quia solus ex omnibus sideribus est tantus, vel quia quum est exortus, obscuratis a∣liis solus apparet: for that only he is so great, or for that when he is risen, he so darkneth all the rest with his splendor, as that he alone appeareth in Heaven, as a Monarch in his Kingdome. Of the glory and excellency of the Sun, it is said, Eccl. 42.16. The Sun that shineth, looketh on all things, and all the works thereof are full of the glory of the Lord. And again, Eccl. 43.2. The Sun also,* 1.405 a marvellous instrument, when he appeareth, declareth at his going out the work of the most high. At noon it burneth the Country, and who may abide for the heat thereof? ver. 3. The Sun burneth the Mountains three times more than he that keepeth a fur∣nace with continual heat. It casteth out the fiery vapours, and with the shining beams blindeth the eyes. Great is the Lord that made it, and by his commandment he causeth it to run hastily. And if we consider how many foggy mists it dis∣pelleth, how many noysome vapours it consumeth, and how all creatures are overcome with the heat thereof, we shall find that King David did ve∣ry aptly compare it to a Giant (for strength) refreshed with wine (for the heat) to run his course, for his swift motion.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a chief, Argent, on the lower part thereof a cloud, the Suns resplendent Raies there∣out issuing, Proper, by the name of Lesone of Whit∣field in Northampton-shire. The former example where∣in the Sun is borne, doth represent a visible form of a corporeal shape of a body, from which these Raies or beams here demonstrated may be apparently seen to issue; And these are as it were strained through a Cloud. Sometime one Raie or beame of this glorious Planet is borne in Coat-Armour, without any other charge, as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, one ray of the Sun, issuing out of the dexter corner of the Escocheon Bend-waies, proper by the name of Aldam. Here I do not in the blazon make any mention of the three points or lines which are on either side of the Raie, for in Nature they have no essence, but proceed from the weaknesse of the Eye, which is not able to behold so glorious an object as the Sun.

* 1.406

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Sunne eclipsed, Sable. If this colour were not accidentall in respect of the eclipse of the Sun, the same should not have been named. The Suns eclipse is occasioned by the Interposition of the Moone, which though it be farre lesse in quantity, yet comming be∣twixt us and the Body of the Sun, it doth divert the Beames thereof, and debarreth us of the sight of them, even as the interposition of our hand, or any other small body, before our eyes, doth debarre us from the sight of some greater Mountaine. For to thinke that the Sun doth lose his light by the Eclipse, as doth a candle being extinct, procedeth out of meere rustick ignorance: as the like errour is in those, who thinke the Sunne loseth his light, or goeth to bed every night, wher∣as it doth onely remove it selfe from our Horizon, to inlighten other Countries situated in other parts of the world. As was well expressed by Secundus the Philosopher, who being demanded by Adrian the Emperour, what the Sunne was, taking his Tables in hand, wrote in this manner, Sol est Coeli oculus, caloris circuitus, splendor sine occasu, dici ornatus, horarum distri∣butor: It is the eye of heaven, the Circuit of heat, a shining without decay, the dayes Ornament, the houres distributer. The most miraculous eclipse of the Sunne that ever was, happened then when that Sun of Righteousnesse, the Sonne of God, was on the Crosse, when all the earth was so benighted at noone-day, that Dionysius Areopagita a Heathen Athenian cried out, Either the world was at an end, or the Maker of it was suffering some great agonie. The Starres and Planets hitherto spoken of do shine alike, or after one manner. Now others there are which shine after a divers sort: such are the Moone, and Comets, which we call Blazing Starres. Neither are we ignorant, that in proper speech, and truth of Philosophie, Comets are not Stars, but Meteors: yet the Vulgar opinion, and the received name and shape used in Heraldrie, may warrant me for thus ranking them amongst the Stars. But as touching the Moone, her light is meerely reflective, as the brightnesse of a Looking-glasse against the Sun; and in respect that her substance is very unequall, as in some parts of thicker substance, and in some parts thinner, therefore she is unequally inlightned by the Sun-beams, which maketh the weak eye, and weaker judgment, to fancy a face of a man in the Moon: whence we have gotten the fashion of representing the Moon with a face. But why the Sun should have the like, I wote not, unlesse it be that he should not be outfaced by the Moon being his inferiour. The most wise and pro∣vident God, before the creation of his other works, did first create the Light, to teach man to lay the first foundation of all his actions in the light of true knowledge, thereby to direct his wayes aright, and that his doings be not reproved as works of darknesse: especially sith God would not suf∣fer the Night it self to be so wrapt in darknesse, but that the Moon and stars should somewhat illuminate it. And according to the divers appari∣tions of the Moon, hath she her divers denominations in Heraldry; as her Increment, in her increase; her Complement when she is at Full; her Decremen••, in her Waning; and her detriment, in her Change and Eclipse. And accor∣ding to these varieties, is she also diversly borne in Coat-Armour, as the examples following will shew.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, an Incressant, Or,* 1.407 by the name of Deseus. This is the state of the Moon from her entrance into her first Quarter, which is most usually the seventh day after the change, unto her full. In which time she is more and more illuminated, untill she hath filled her Circle. This word Incressant signi∣fieth the Moons Increment, or increasing estate, and it may fitly represent the rising fortunes of some hope∣full spark illightned and honoured by the gracious aspect and beams of his Soveraign, who is the bright Sun, and fountain of all the light of glorious Nobility, and may confer the Raies of his grace on whom it best pleaseth him.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, three Incressants, Gules. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of the Symmes of Daventree in the County of Northampton.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azre,* 1.408 a Moon in her Complement (which is as much to say, as the Moon illustrated with her full light) proper. Here you need not to name the colour of the Moon, for the reason before delivered in the first example of the Sun.* 1.409 The proper colour of the Moon we in Heraldry take to be Argent, both for the weaknesse of the light, and also for distinction betwixt the blazoning of it and the Sun; and therefore when we blazon by Planets, we name Gold Sol, and Silver Luna. Concerning the use of the Moon, it is said,* 1.410 Eccl. 43.6. The Moon also hath he made to appear according to her season, that it should be a declaration of the Time, and a sign for the World, Verse 7. The Feasts are appointed by the Moon, the light thereof diminisheth unto the end, ver. 8. The Moon is called after the name thereof, and groweth wonderfully in her changing. The Moon is the Mistresse by which all moist,* 1.411 mutable and uncon∣stant things are ruled; as Mulier, Mare, Flumina, Fontes: a Woman, and the Sea, Rivers, and Fountains: the ebbing and flowing of the Sea following the motions of the Moon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a Moon decressant, Proper,* 1.412 by the name of Delaluna. This is the state of the Waning Moon, when she declineth from her-Full, and draw∣eth to her last Quarter, which is accomplished most commonly the seventh day after she hath attained the Full, and receiveth a diminution of her light, to the wasting of the one half thereof; and from the said seventh day after her Full, she diminisheth conti∣nually more and more, untill she become again (as many honest men are) corniculata, sharp-horned, and suffereth continually diminution unto the instant of her Change; and diffe∣reth

from her prime state after the Change, onely in this, that the first (repre∣sented by the first of these Examples) is turned to the right hand of the Escocheon, and this other to the left. And hitherto I have proposed examples of her naturall aspects, you shall now see her accidentall forme, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Moon in her detriment or Eclipse,* 1.413 Sable: the Moon is Eclipsed onely at such time as she is at her full state: and diametrically opposite unto the Sunne; when by interposition of the Earth betweene them, she seemeth to our sight for the time to be deprived of her light, through the shadow of the grosse body of the Earth. This is a passive forme of the Moon; and such her Passions are called in La∣tine, Labores Lunae, the throwes or pangs of the Moone. In former time the old Germans thought the Moon was in a Trance, and used to shout and make a noise with Basons, to wake her: or else they supposed she was angry with them,* 1.414 and therefore they how∣led till she looked cheerefully on them againe. Of this mutable state of the Moon, thus writeth the Poet:

Nec par aut eadem nocturnae forma Dianae, Esse potest usquam, semper hodierna s••quente:

Dame Cynthia imitates the Dames of our Nation; Every day she attires her selfe in a new fashion.

* 1.415Which occasioned a witty Morall related by Plutarch (as I thinke) how on a time the Moon sent for a Taylor to make her a Gown, but he could ne∣ver fit her, for it was ever either too little, or too bigge for her; which was not the Tailors fault but her owne inconstancie: so impossible a thing it is to fit the humours of one that is fickle and unstable.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He Beareth, Or, thre Starres issuant from as many Cressants, Gules, by the name of Bateman, and was borne by Robert Bateman Esquier, Chamberlaine of London, who left a hopefull and flourishing issue, viz. Richard Batemam, William Bateman, Anthony Bateman, now Sheriff of London, 1658. and Thomas Bateman, all Merchants and Members of that noble City.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Fesse indented, Azure, three Stars, Argent, a Canton, of the second, charged with a Sun in glory by the name of Thompson, being thus borne by William Thompson now Alderman of London, Colonel George Thompson, and Maurice Thompson Esq Governour of the East-India Company, sons of Robert Thompson of Wotton in Hertfordshire, Gentlemen of much worth and quality.

Sometimes you shall finde all these severall kinds of Lights before ex∣pressed, borne together in one Escocheon, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, the Sun, the Full Moon,* 1.416 and the seven Stars, Or, the two first in Chief, and the last of orbicular forme in base. It is said that this Coat-Armour pertained to Johannes de fontibus, sixth Bishop of Ely; who had that (after a sort) in his Escocheon which Joseph had in his dream, Gen. 37.9. where the Sun, Moon, and eleven Stars did do him reverence; sig∣nifying, his Father, Mother, and eleven Brethren. For as in Scripture, so in Heathenish devotions also, the Sun and Moon were accounted the Male and Fe∣male, and sometimes Man and Wife; and as the Moon hath all her light from the Sun, so hath the Wife from the Husband; and as the Moon is ever lighter on that side which looks towards the Sun, so should the wife stu∣dy to be fairest in her husbands eye. And many wives in their husbands ab∣sence do truly imitate the Moon in this, that they are lightest when their Sun is farthest from them. Howsoever this marriage betwixt Sun and Moon was made up, it is certain that once the Banes were forbidden; as appeareth by one, who speaking of Queen Maries dayes, and of her Mar∣riage relateth, how when the Sun went first a woing to the Lady Moon,* 1.417 all Nations (especially those of hot Countries) preferred a petition to Jupiter, to hinder the Nuptials; alleadging, that there then being but one Sun, yet he scorched and burned all, but if he should marry, and get other Suns, the heat would so increase, as all must needs perish: whereupon Jupiter, stay∣ed the match for that time; or at least, was so propitious, that no issue came of the conjunction of those fiery flames. The severall states of the Moon increasing and decreasing before handled, are now very rare in bearings and in manner antiquated: inasmuch as in these dayes, not onely their shapes, but their very names also are extinct, and instead of them we have another new coined form, having neither the name, shape, nor yet so much as the shadow of the former remaining, as may be seen in the next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, three Cressants, Gules, by the name of Butuillaine of Northampton-shire.* 1.418 At this day we take no notice of any other form, either of the increasing or decreasing Moon, but onely of this depra∣ved shape, which corrupt custome hath rashly hatched, as a form much differing from those before exem∣plified, if not meerely repugnant to Nature. The pa∣tricians of Rome used to wear the badge of the Moon, on their shooes: as these Cressants are, sometimes the sole Charge of the Field, as in this last Escocheon; so they are also borne upon the honourable Ordinaries as in this next ex∣ample.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Ermyne, on a Chief, Sable, three Cres∣sants, Or, by the name of Preston of Suffolk as appea∣reth in diverse ancient Books remaining in the Of∣fice of Armes. Concerning the chief and furs demon∣strated in this Coat-Armour, I have elsewhere at large spoken of them in their proper places.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a Crescent Argent; This is the Coat of Lucas Lucy of London Merchant, and Ri∣chard Lucy his Brother, a Gentleman of much worth and credit in this City.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, three Crescents, Or, and is the Coat-Armour of the ancient Family of Rider, originally of the North, of which Family is that discreetly accomplisht Gentleman Captain William Rider of London Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Chief, Sable, three Crescents, Argent, by the name of Harvey, and is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Master John Harvy of Antwerpe, Daniel Harvy of Combe Nevill in Surrey, Eliab Harvy of London, and Michael Harvy, Esquires, Sons of four of those seven Harvies Brethren, so eminent some years since in and about this City, the eldest of which was that pro∣foundly learned Doctor William Harvy, the second Thomas Father of John above mentioned, the third John a member of the Parliament the third of Novem∣ber, 1640. the fourth Daniel father of Daniel above mentioned, late high Sheriff of Surrey, who hath to wife the Daughter of Edward Lord Mounta∣gue of Boughton. The fifth Brother is Eliab Harvy of Broadstreet London Esquire, the onely surviving of the seven, Father of Eliab abovesaid, which latter a while since married Elizabeth Daughter of Sir Thomas Whitmore of Aply in Shropshire, Knight and Baronet, not long after his Sister Mistresse Mary Harvy had been marryed to Sir William Whitmore Ba∣ronet, son of the said Sir Thomas. The sixth and seventh of these brethren were Matthew and Michaell Harvy twins, whereof the former dyed with∣out issue, as also did the first and third; But Michaell (whose widow is re∣married to William Steele Chancellour of Ireland) had issue Michael afore∣said, who hath late marryed the Daughter of William Ʋnderwood Sheriff of London, 1652. which Family is a hopefull and spreading Ornament to this Kingdome.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Bars in Chief, three Crescents, Gules, by the name of Nowers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Sable, a Crosse engrailed between four Crescents, Argent, borne by Robert Barnham of Kent Esquire, eldest Son of Sir Francis Barnham descended from Stephen Barnham of Southwick in the County of Southampton, of whom it is thus remembred; Hic Stephanus Barnham oriundus erat ab Waltero Barnham, Capitali Baroni de Scaccario Domini Regis Temopre R. 2. militi.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, three Crescents parted paly wavy, Gules, Azure, by the name of Haynes, which Family is not a little splendid by the actions of two persons of it, Father and Son, whose conduct and management in their commands, at Jamaica, where the noble Colonel unfortunately though honourably fell, and lately at Dunkirke by the Son, may not sleep in Oblivion.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Fesse, between three Cres∣cents, Sable, this is the Coat of that accomplished Gentleman Sir Henry Lee Baronet (who marryed Anne Daughter of Sir John Danvers of Dautsey) and was Son of Sir Henry Son of another Sir Henry Lee of Quarenden in Buckinghamshire, created Baronet June 29. 1611. whose widow was secondly marryed to the Earle of Sussex, and thirdly to Robert Earle of Warwick.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Crescents, Sable, by the name of Withers, of which Family is Master Withers of Wandesworth now living in good account and estimation; this is borne also by Captain George Withers wel known and much celebrated for his Britains Remembrancer, and other Poems.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Azure, a Star issuant from between the Hornes of a Cressent, Argent, this is the Coat of the ancient Family of Minshall of Cheshire; of which is Sir Richard Minshall Knight, a great incourager of Arts and Industry.

The other sort of Stars, that do shine after a diverse sort, are those that we call comets or Blazing-stars, whose Form is commonly as in this next Escocheon is represented.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Blazing-star, or Comet strea∣ming in Bend,* 1.419 proper. The Comet is not of an orbicu∣lar shape, as other the celestiall natures are; but doth protract his light in length like to a beard, or rather dilate it in the midst like a hairy bush, and growing thence Taperwise, after the manner of a Fox-tail, and it doth contract his substance or matter from a slimy exhalation, and hath not his being from the creation, neither is it numbred amongst the things naturall, mentioned in the History of Genesis, but is Aliquid praeter naturam; and yet placed with the heavenly bodies, because they seem to us to be of that kind. They are supposed to prognosticate dreadfull and horrible events of things to come: whereupon Lucan saith,

Ignota obscurae viderunt sydera noctes, Ardentemque polum flammis, coeloque volantes Obliquas per inane faces, crinemque timendi Sideris, & terris minitantem Regna Cometam.

In sable nights new stars of uncouth sight, And fearfull flames all o're the Heavens appear, With fiery Drakes, and Blazing bearded light, Which fright the World, and Kingdomes threat with fear.

SECT. III. CHAP. IV.

* 1.420SO much of the first Member of the distribution before delivered, viz. of Constant essences, which are onely those Celestial creatures, which being void of this corrupt mixture that is found in all creatures Sublunar, have a priviledge by divine appointment from the mutability, whereto all things under the Moon are subject. Now come we to that other member thereof,* 1.421 namely, such as are Inconstant natures, so far forth as there is use of them in Armes. Inconstant natures are bodily Essences of small continuance by reason of their ignoble or base substance, such are the four Elements, viz. Fire, Aire, Water, and Earth.

Fire, Winters treasure: Water, Sommers pleasure: But the Earth and Aire, none can ever spare.

* 1.422Elements are simple essences of small stability, and the wombe of all mixt things (as Scribonius noteth) and according to some Authors called Ele∣menta ab alendo, of nourishing; but Saint Hierom calleth Elementa, quasi E∣levamenta, for their proportionable mixture in the composition of the bo∣dies sublunar, whereby they are made fit for motion: of these Elements these examples next following have a representation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, seven Firebrands Flammant,* 1.423 and Scintill••••••, Proper. Some Writers do affirme that none of the Mechanicall trades were found out by men be∣fore they had fire, which being at the last obtained, and the use thereof known, from thenceforth were produced all manner of Arts behovefull for mans use, and through assistance of fire, they did dayly put in practise some new invention and experimentall proof, whereby they attained their perfection of skill. Yet if we weigh the ma∣nifold mischiefs that sometimes come by fire, we might doubt, whether the good or the hurt thereby insuing be greater. For both fire and water are good servants, but unruly masters.

Fire in the Scriptures is often taken for a speciall token of Gods favour, and that he is pleased with the Sacrifices that are done unto him; as when he answereth (as it were by Fire) like as we read Judges 6.21. Then the An∣gell of the Lord put out the end of his staffe th••t he held in his hand, and touched the flesh and unleavened bread, and there arose up Fire out of the stones, and con∣sumed the flesh and unleavened bread, &c. And as when Eliah contended with the Prophets of Baal touching the manifestation of the true God; Then the Fire of the Lord fell, and consumed the burnt Offerings, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench, 1 Kings 18.38. And again, when Solomon had made an end of praying, Fire came down from Heaven and consumed the burnt offerings, and the Sacrifices, and the glory of the Lord filled the House, 2 Chro. 7.1.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable,* 1.424 between three flames of Fire, Proper. This Coat standeth in the Church of Barkley in the County of Glocester, in a win∣dow on the South side of the same.

The Cheuron being (as we before have said) a me∣moriall and token of building, it may seem the He∣ralds were not well advised to put Flames of fire so near it: but it is no inforced conjecture, to suppose that this Coat-Armour was first given to him who had restored some publick edifice, which Fire had consumed. This next ensuing hath also a resemblance with it.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron voided, Azure, between three flames of Fire, Proper, by the name of Welles. Ma∣ny Coat-Armours seeme to allude to the bearers name, but surely this is not so, this hot Element having little affinity with that watery mansion. Fire betokeneth zeal, and every Sacrifice was offered with Fire, to shew with what zeal we should burn, that come to offer prayer or praise and thanks to the Lord:* 1.425 the Holy Ghost also descended upon the Apostles in Fire, to shew the fervency of them upon whom it rested. But as here this painted fire yeelds little heat,* 1.426 so doth an Hypocrites coloured zeal; and many now adaies might bear such painted Fire upon an Escocheon of Pretence for their Device.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Billets Raguled, and Truncked placed Saltire-wayes, the Sinister surmounted of the Dexter, Azure, inflamed on their tops, Proper. This is a Dutch Coat, and is borne by the name of Shurstab. Not unfitly is the force of counsell shadowed under the Fire of Prometheus,* 1.427 because that as Fire, so counsell doth give light to the darkest obscurity of things.

* 1.428

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Diamond, a bend, Topaz, betweene six Fountaines, proper, borne by the L. Sturton. These six Fountaines are borne in signification of six springs, whereof the River of Sture in Wiltshire, hath his begin∣ning, and passeth along to Sturton the seat of that Bar∣onie. And to this head are referred, Spaciosa Maria, Vada Speciosa, Fluvij lati, Fontes Grati: The sp••••ious Seas, the beuteous Shallowes, Rivers spreading, Foun∣taines pleasing. The Sea is the Riches of a Kingdome, and a faire River is the Riches of a Citie: and there∣fore their Waves are held good bearing for one that hath done service upon either.

Fresh and sweet Waters are reckoned amongst Gods peculiar blessings promised to the observers of his Lawes, and those of chiefest ranke; For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land in the which are Rivers of Waters, Fountaines and depths that spring cut of the Valleyes and mountaines, Levit. 26.7.

* 1.429

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Rocke, Sable, by the name of Securades. A Rocke signifieth safetie, refuge, or protection, as Psal. 31. Thou art my rocke and my fort•• 〈…〉〈…〉 For he that resteth under the defence of the Almighty, is like a Castle of strength situated upon an inaccessible Rocke, whereto none can approach to doe hurt. I have set this as a patterne of the earth, as being one princi∣pall parcell thereof, and withall to represent the stabi∣lity of the earth, which God hath so fixed that it cannot be removed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, a Mountain, Azure, inflamed, Proper.* 1.430 This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Mack∣loide, Lord of the Isles of Skey and Lewes in Scotland. Here you see are two elements borne together, the earthy and fiery. Aetna is like this, or else this like Aet∣na, it being a Hill in Sicily, which uncessantly casteth forth flames of fire, whereto the envious man may be fitly compared, who still disgorgeth his furious malice against others, but it inwardly eateth out Brimstone like his own bowels. One writeth of this Hill Aetna that on the one part it keepeth Snow all the year long, and on the other it ever burneth, like those who can breath hot and cold out of one mouth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, fieteene Ilands,* 1.431 diversly colou∣red. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the King of Spaine in respect of certaine Ilands of that number within his Dominions. And amongst these examples of earthy bearing I have produced the bearing of a Mountaine (a heavie bearing, but much in use among the Germans:) Hillockes and Turfes might I adde, which may sooner be conceived by the undestanding, than delineated by my Pencell. Touching the Element of the Aire, I have represented no shape, for to doe that were as wise an attempt, as to weigh the winde in a ballance: yet some have expressed the boi∣sterous motions thereof by a mans face, with swollen and puft Cheekes,* 1.432 whence issueth as much winde as out of the Witches bottles of Norway, who will sell any winde that a Merchant will aske for: if they sold wines out of bottles, I should sooner believe them, and I thinke the Buyers should be lesse cozened.

SECT. III. CHAP. V.

HAving shewed by particular examples the bearing of simple essences,* 1.433 or (at the least) of such things as have a mutuall participation of qualities with them; I will now proceed to the handling of the next member of the Distribution, which comprehendeth Essences, or Natures of Mixt kindes.

Such are

• ...Brute, or without life.
• ...Living.

By Brute natures I understand all Essences whatsoever of mixt kinde that are meerely void of life. Such are Meteors,* 1.434 which are unperfect kindes of mixture, which by their strang apparitions doe move their beholders to an admiration, and these are called Corpora sublimia,* 1.435 because they are in∣gendred aloft in the Aierie Region. The matter whereof these Meteors are ingendred, is a certain attracted fume drawne up on high by the operation of the Sunne and Starres.

This fume or smoake is

• ...Vapour.
• ...Exhalation.

Vapour is a moist kinde of fume extracted chiefely out of the water, and therefore is easily dissolved againe thereinto, and hence are watery Meators.* 1.436 Exhalation is a drier kinde of fume, attracted up from the earth and apt to be inflamed, and they are fierie Meteors. There are also other Meteors formed of a mixture of both these fumes.

Fierie Meteors are formes consisting of hot Exhalations attracted into the Aiery Region, having a hot quality, which at length breaketh into a Fire.* 1.437

And of these are

• ...Simple.
• ...Mixt.

Simple firie Meteors are of divers sorts and different forms whereof there is little use in Coat-Armour, except of the falling Starre,* 1.438 which of Blazoners is termed a Mullet; which is an Exhalation inflamed above in the Aire, and stricken back with a Cloud, wherby it is forced to runne downwards in such sort, that to the ignorant a Starre seemeth to fall. There is oftentimes found upon the earth a certaine gelly fallen from above, and dispersed in∣to divers points, which of many is taken to be the substance of the

falling Star or Mullet.* 1.439 Note that such Mullets borne in Coat-Armour, are now most usually of five points, but anciently you shall finde them borne of six points, as in the next Escocheon.

And so I have seene them in divers very Old Rolles, in the Custody of that worthy Kight Sir Richard Saint George, now Clarenceaux King of Armes, whose industrious travell in the carefull Collection of such Anti∣quities, and his free communicating of the same to the studious in that way, merits much.

* 1.440

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a Mullet of sixe points, pierced, Gules, be the name Hassenhull. These kindes of Me∣teors have an apparance of Starres, but in existence they are nothing lesse; for they are (saith Bekenhab) certaine Impressions of the Aire, appearing for a time, and in time doe vanish away, because they be of na∣ture fluxible, and nothing permanent. Concerning the bearing of Mullets of five points, behold these ex∣amples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Argent, three Mullets, pierced, Sable, by the name of Wollaston, and was the Coat-Armour of the late deceased Sir John Wollaston Knight, sometime Lord Mayor of London.

* 1.441

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, six Mullets, three, two, and one, Or, by the name of Welsh. In Blazoning of Mullets of, this forme, you shall not neede to make mention of their points, because it is the usuall forme of Bearing, but if they doe consist of more than five points, then must you specially observe their number, as in the former Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ruby, on a Chiefe, Pearl, two Mullets, Diamond. I give this selected form of Blazoning to this present Coat-Armour, because it appertained to that Honoured and right worthy Knight, Sir Nicolas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the great Seale of England, in the Reigne of our late Queene Elizabeth of blessed me∣mory, to whom he was a Privy Counsellour, and for his wisedome, Learning, and Integrity by her ad∣vanced to that high place of Lord Keeper. His eldest Son Sir Nicolas Bacon, was the first Baronet that our late Soveraign King James of ever blessed memory, made by Letters Pa∣tents under the great Seal of this Kingdome: And Sir Francis Bacon, one of his younger Sons, was Lord Keeper, and afterward Lord Chancellor of

England, in the reign of the said King, who created him in the year of Grace, 1617, Baron of Verulam, and in the year following viscount of Saint Albans, and is the Coat-Armour of Francis and Nathaniel Bacon Brothers and Masters of Requests to his Highnesse Richard Lord Protector, and descended from the aforesaid Family of the Bacons of Redgrave in the County of Suffolke where it flourishes to this day.

Though the falling Starre it selfe is but the Embleme of the inconstancy of high fortunes, and unsure footing of Ambitious Aspirers, which may shine for a time, but in a moment fall headlong from the Heaven of their high hopes; yet the Mullet in Heraldry hath a more noble signification,* 1.442 it being supposed to represent some divine quality, bestowed from above, wherby men do shine in vertue, Learning and works of piety, like bright Stars on the earth, and these are Stellae dimissae è coelo, Starres let downe from Heaven by God; not Stellae dejectae, throwne downe, as those which the Taile of the Dragon threw downe, which are Apostatates from God and their Religion; nor yet cadentes stellae, falling starres, such as the stroke of Justice and their owne demerits casts downe from the hight of their honours.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Argent, on a Chief, Gules, two Mullets, Or, by the name of Saint-John, and is the bearing of the Right Honourable the Earl of Bullingbrook, Lord Saint-John of Bletso, of Sir Walter Saint-John of Lydyard Tregos in Wiltshire and Battersey in Surrey Baronet, and of Oliver Saint-John Lord chief Justice of the eommon Pleas, all descended from John a second Son of John Lord Saint-John of Basing, 28 Ed. 1. the elder issue male being extinct by the match with Paulet, thereby Lord Saint-John of Basing, since Marquesse of Win∣chester.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, on a Crosse, Argent, five Mullets,* 1.443 pierced, Sable, by the name of Randall of Ailesford in the County of Kent. Sometimes the round in the middest of the Mullet is not of the colour of the Field, and then you must not take it for a piercing, but for a Charge of other signification. Gerrard Leigh seemeth to prescribe this General Rule touching Mullets; that if the same doe consist of even points, they must be cal∣led Rowels, meaning (as I conceive) Rowels of Spurres. But he might more aptly have applyed the same in particular unto mullets pierced, in respect of their neerer resemblance of such Rowels than those that are not pierced. Some are of opinion, that all mullets, whether they consist of five or six points, pierced, or unpierced are Rowels of Spurres,* 1.444 with this difference that those which are unpierced, are Rowels not fully finished or made up by their maker, and their reason is, because that in old French or Norman Languages, this word mollette signifieth a Rowell of a Spurre; as appeareth in an ancient French Manuscript remaining in the Office of Armes, where the Author there treating of the compleat Ar∣mour of a Combatant a Cape a pee, according to his degree, he there speak∣ing of the Harnesse or Armour of the Leg, useth these words concerning Spurs;—Et ungz esperous d'ores qui seront atachiez a une cordellette autour de la jambe affin que la mollette ne tourne dessoubz le pie. The French is old,* 1.445 and

according to the Orthography of those times, which I, as precisely as I can, have shewed you. Others think that the Heralds have borrowed this word used by them in blazon from a kind of fish so called, not that which is most usually known by the name of mullet, but another not much unlike in shape to that thing which is used in Armory; and as I am informed is often found upon the Sands at the ebbing of the Sea; and is in Kent now by the vulgar people, propter similitudinem called a Taylors bottome or a Five-finger, and in ancient time it was for the like cause known by the name of a mullet; the forme whereof I have procured, according to the best description that I could gain from such as have seen and well known this kind of fish presented unto your view here in the Margent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And I find in a very ancient Rolle now in the cu∣stody of the before mentioned worthy Knight Sir Richard, St. George, Clarenceaux, in the Blazon of Gil∣bert Hausarts Coat-Armour, those which we now in Heraldry blaze by the name of Mullets there to be tearmed Esteiles, I think it is meant Estoeles; yet are not their points, which are five, there waved; but in this variety of opinions I leave every man to follow what in his judgment he shall approve to be best and most probable.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Ermine, on a Fesse, Sable, three Mullets, Or, by the name of Lister, of which Family were Sir William, Sir Matthew, and Sir Martin Lister, and many other Gentlemen of worth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, on a Fesse, Sable, three Mullets of six points, Or, by the name of Grimston, and is the Coat-Armour of that learned Gentleman Sir Harbotle Grimston of Bradfield in Essex Baronet, second son, and at length heir of Sir Harbotle Grimston of the same place, Knighted 1603. created Baronet 1612.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, two Bars, Sable, each charged with three Mullets of six points, Or, by the name of Hopton. As they are born upon Ordinaries, so shall you find them commixt with other common Charges, as also oftentimes sorted with Ordinaries interposed between them, one example whereof I will now pre∣sently shew you, which for the rarity of the form of the Ordinary is worth your observation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron Rompee, between three Mullets, Or, by the name of Sault. This Cheuron in Bla∣zon is called Rompee, or rather Rompu, from the French verbe Rompre, derived from the Latine Rumpo, Rum∣pere, to break. Thus have you examples of the divers bearing of these simple meteors: to wit, the bearing of them sole, unpierced, pierced, some of five points, and others of six.

So much of simple fiery Meteors, so far forth as there is use of them in Coat-Armour:* 1.446 Now of such Mete∣ors as are of mixt kind, according to the distribution before delivered in the next precedent. These are fiery meteors bred of an exhalation some∣what more grosse and impure than those before specified, by reason of a more thick and slimy vapour whereof they be ingendered.

Meteors of this kind are

• ...Thunder.
• ...Lightning.

Thunder is an inflamed Exhalation, which by his powerfull force brea∣keth thorough the Clouds violently, with great noise and terrour.* 1.447 The forcible power thereof is rather apprehended by the eare, than subjected to the sight: neverthelesse, the ancient times have devised a certain ima∣ginarie forme whereby they would expresse the forcible power thereof, as also of the lightning.

Thunder is supposed to be ingendered two manner of wayes, viz. When either a hot or drie vapour is inclosed in a cold and moist Cloud, and being unable to contain it self therein, by reason of the contrariety, it laboureth by all means to find a vent, and so striving by all means to get passage, it maketh way with great vehemency and horror of sound: such as a Glow∣ing Gadd of Iron, or any other fiery matter maketh, when water is infused thereupon in abundance, or that it is therein drenched, it maketh a furi∣ous and murmuring sound. Such is that weak and feeble sort of thunder; that seemeth to be ingendered in some region of the Aire far remote from us, yeelding onely (for a small time) a kind of turbulent noise or murmuring.

Or else it is ingendred in a more violent manner, to wit, when this in∣closed drie and combustible matter, being inflamed in the Clouds of con∣trary qualities, doth break out with vehemency, then doth it yeeld a ter∣rible and forcible sound, not unlike a great piece of Ordnance when it is over-charged. And this sound thus ingendered is called Thunder.

This sort of sound is used oftentimes Metaphorically, as when God threatneth his Judgments against sin, he is said to thunder them out. In this sence doth Petrarch use the same, saying, Deus ideo tonat in Coelis, ut tu in terras bene vivas, quodque amore debueras, saltem metu facias. For unlesse God loved man he would never threaten him, but rather punish him; forasmuch as man doth evermore minister many and those greivous oc∣casions of execution of Gods Judgments.

Lightning is a vehement eruption of an inflamed exhalation,* 1.448 proceeding from Thunder; which though it is in time after the Thunder, yet is first re∣presented to our senses, by reason that our sight is far more subtill and ap∣prehensive than is our hearing. And in regard that Thunder and Lightning do both proceed from one self-cause, they have in such their imaginary fiction conjoyned them both under the Form, after this manner.

* 1.449

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Azure, Jupiters Thunderbolt in Pale, Or, Inflamed at both ends, Proper, shafted ••alti••e waies, and winged Fesse-waies, Argent. Chassaneus descri∣bing the Ensignes of sundry Nations, noteth this for the Ensigne of the Scythians: and in the Glory of G••∣nerosity it is said, that Tomyris Queen of Scythia did bear the same in this manner. The bearing of Light∣ning betokeneth the effecting of some weight•• busi∣nesse with much celerity and foreceab••••••esse; b••••••use in all ages this hath been reputed the most quick, for∣cible and terrible dart, wherewith the Almighty striketh where himselfe pleaseth: which the Heathen religiously acknowledged, though he there∣upon infers an irreligious conclusion, saying,

Si quoties peccent homines, sua fulmina mittat Jupiter, exiguo tempore inermis erit:

If God should Thunder-strike still when he sin doth see, His shafts would soon be spent, and arme un-arm'd would be.

His inference had been truer thus: If God should Thunder-strike still when he sin doth see, All men would soon be spent, yet God still arm'd should be.

Hitherto of Fiery meteors, now of such as be watery. Watery meteors are cer∣tain cold and moist vapours,* 1.450 copiously attracted by the powerfull operati∣on of the heavenly bodies into the Aire, and there transmutated into their severall formes. Of these there are divers sorts, whereof Clouds are most usually borne in Coat-Armour. A Cloud is a Grosse vapour, attracted into the middle Region of the Aire,* 1.451 and there thickned, by reason of the coldnesse of the place having in it store of matter apt to ingender water. A Cloud (ac∣cording to Zan.) is a most thick vapour, attracted from the waters by the heat of the Sun, unto the middle Region of the Aire, and there thickned by the coldnesse thereof, and so continueth untill it be again dissolved by the Suns heat, and so converted into rain, and doth distill down in drops. Zanch. de meteoris aqueis, 483. The Clouds are said to be Gods chariots, as we may see Psal. 104. He layeth the beams of his Chambers in he waters, and maketh the Clouds his Chariot, and walketh upon the wings of the winds. The Clouds are Gods instruments wherein he containeth and retaineth at his pleasure, the showers of Rain as in Bottles: as we may see Job 38.37. Who can number the clouds by Wisedome? Or who can cause to cease the bottles of Heaven?

The Clouds are resembled to a Spunge replenished with Water, and God with the hand of his providence wringeth the Spunge moderately, not pressing out all the moisture thereof at once, but leasurely, and by little and little after a gentle and soaking manner.* 1.452 No pencill can make a true representation of Clouds, because every instant and moment of time, doth adde unto them some kind of alteration, whereby it differeth from that it was late before: neverthelesse, former times have coined (of these al∣so) a conceited forme, as in these next Escocheons may be seen.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Coat-Armour, is Barre Nebule, of eight peeces, Topaz and Diamond; and pertaineth to the Honourable Family of Charles Late Earle of Devon, and Lord Mont∣joy, Lieutenant governour of Ireland, Great Master of the Artillerie of England, Captaine of Portsmouth, Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, and of his Majesties most honourable privie Councell. The bearing of Cloudes in Armes (saith Ʋpton) doth import some Excellencie in their Bearer.

In the Cloudes hath the Raine-Bow his temporarie residence, and therefore next let us cast our eyes on it.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

A Raine-Bow is a divers coloured Arch or Bow,* 1.453 for∣med in a hollow, thin, and unequall Cloud, by the re∣flexion of the Beames of the opposite Sunne. The cause of the rare use of the Raine-Bow in Coate-Armour, perhaps may be for that the colours thereof cannot be aptly counterfeited, as witnesseth Aristotle, Meteor. Lib. 3. saying,* 1.454 Soli colores Iridis non possunt fieri à Picto∣ribus: whereby it seemeth of all other the hardest thing to imitate. The naturall colours of the Raine-Bow (according to Scribonius) are Red, Greene, Blew, and Yellow. The Field hereof is, Argent, Issuant out of two Petit Clouds in Fesse, Azure, a Rainbow, in the Nombrill point a Star, proper. The Rainbow is a token of Gods Covenant made with Noah, and in him with all people;* 1.455 as appeareth, Genesis 9.13. I have set my Bow in the Clouds, and it shall be for a signe of the Covenant between me and the Earth, &c. As touching the Beauty of the Rainbow, it is said, Eccles. 43.11. Look upon the Rainbow, and praise him that made it: very beautifull is it in the brightnesse thereof; it compasseth the Heaven about with a circle, and the hand most high hath bended it, Ibid. 12. And indeed worthily is he to be so praised, who when he could have made a Bow to destroy us, rather chose to make his Bow to assure us, he would not destroy us. A noble president,* 1.456 to teach Nobles to use their strength and their weapons rather to preserve and help,* 1.457 then to overthrow or hurt those who are under their power. Farne∣sius saith, that the Rainbow appearing in the South, betokeneth Rain; in the West, it fore-sheweth Thunder; and in the East, prognosticates faire Weather.

SECT. III. CHAP. VI.

HItherto have we prosecuted our intendment,* 1.458 touching things of mixt nature, which are brute of livelesse: now proceed we to the conside∣ration of things of Mixt nature having life. Mixt Natures that are living are corporeall Essences, endued with a vegetable Soul;* 1.459 for here we use this word Soul, as also the word Life, in his largest signification. A vegetable Soul is a faculty or power that giveth life unto bodies.

Whereby they do live

• After a sort, or
• ...Perfectly.

Such as do live after a sort, or lesse perfectly, are all sorts of Metals; which

because they are supposed to grow and increase in the earth, we will (for our present use) ascribe life unto them.* 1.460 Metals are bodies imperfectly li∣ving, and are decocted in the veins of the Earth.

Of these some are naturally

• ...Liquefiable.
• Not Liquefiable, or lesse Liquefiable.

* 1.461The Liquefiable are Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Lead, and other of like kind.

* 1.462The not or hardly Liquefiable are

• ...Precious.
• ...Brittle.

* 1.463Those that are altogether Hard are Stones of all sorts. Stones are bred of a waterish moisture, and of an oylie kind of Earth firmely compacted together.

Of Stones, some are

• ...Precious.
• ...Base.

* 1.464Stones precious are of that sort that we call in Latine Gemmae; which are of estimation either for that they are rarely to be gotten, or for some ver∣tue fancied to be in them, or for that they are such as wherewith mans eye is wonderfully delighted by reason of their purenesse and beautifull transparent substance. Of which kind are the Diamond, Topaz, Escarbuncle, Emerald, Ruby, and such like. Of which sorts, twelve of chiefest note were appointed by God himself to be used in the principall ornament of the High Priest,* 1.465 when he appeared before the Lord, presenting therein the Names of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, to shew how precious in his sight is the People and Nation which serveth him, as himselfe prescribeth. But of all these severall kinds, the Escarbuncle is of most use in Armes, and is borne as in these next Escocheons appeareth.

* 1.466

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ruby, a Chief Pearle, over all an Escar∣buncle, of eight staves, or raies, pommette & florette, To∣paz. This Coat-Armour pertained anciently to the Earls of Anjou, from whom came Geffrey Plantagenet Earl of Aniou,* 1.467 that married Maud the Empresse, daugh∣ter to Henry the first, King of England. This Stone is called in Latine Carbunculus, which signifieth a little Cole, because it sparkleth like fire, and casteth forth as it were fiery raies. There is another kind of but fi∣ery Carbuncle, which Chirurgeons can best handle, one of those of the Lapidaries, is more to be desired than ten of the other.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Bars, Azure, over all an Es∣carbuncle, of eight raies, Gules, Pommette & Florette, Or. This Coat is cut in stone upon the Church-porch dore of Magnotsfield in the County of Glocester, and is borne by the name of Blount.* 1.468 As there is in all kinds of Mi∣nerals, a vegetable life, even so and much more (saith Zanchius) is it judged that Stones have this life, yea, and that they have a passive capacity of Sicknesse, of Age,* 1.469 and also of Death. Whether this be so or not, sure it is a pretty device, to advance their estimation with those who already too much dote on them; insomuch, as it was said of the Roman Empresses, that some of them did weare whole Kingdomes at their Eares, so now many a one hang whole Mannours on their sleeves.

* 1.470So much of Precious Stones: now of those which are Base; such we esteem all those to be, which both for their ordinary and base imployments, and also for that they are easily to be had of all men, are of small estimation; as are these next following, with their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, three Flint stones, Argent,* 1.471 by the name of Flint. This Coate is quartered by the Right Honourable the Earle of Cumberland. The Flintstone is an ancient Embleme or token used by great persons. Iohannes Digionius Earle of Flanders gave for his De∣vice, Ignitabulum Silicem feriens,* 1.472 a Steele and a Flint stone, which well agreed with his disposition. This Earle was taken Prisoner by Bajazeth the Turke, and when he should have beene put to the sword, a Phy∣siognomer, much esteemed by the Turke, perswaded him to let him goe free, saying, he foresaw in him,* 1.473 that when he came home, he would set a great part of Christendome in a cumbustion; as indeed he did, by reason of the murther of Lewes, brother to the French King, Charles the sixth; which his murder, the Franciscane Friers did as impiously defend, by the examples of Zimri killed by Phinees, Holofernes by Judith,* 1.474 Sisera by Jael, and the Aegyptians by Moses. As the like examples are still produced by the traiterous Parricides of Kings and Princes, set on work y the Grandfather of such holy Treasons. The said Earles son, Philippus Bonus, was Founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece, which hangeth at a col∣ler made with the formes of the said Steeles and Flint stones;* 1.475 which or∣der the King of Spain still upholdeth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Milstones, Argent, by the name of Milveton.* 1.476 The Milstone representeth unto us the mutuall converse of humane Society; because Milstones are never occupied single, but by couples; and each standeth in need of the others help, for the performance of the work whereunto they are ordained. Hereupon our mutuall amities and assistances are tearmed in Latine, Necessitudines Amicitiae, because every man standeth in need of some fast and assured friend,* 1.477 by whose counsell and advice he may be supported for the better compassing of whatsoever affaires of importance he shall undertake. Of all the rare Stones before mentioned, in my judgment men have cause to esteem the Milstone (though here we have placed it amongst baser stones) the most precious Stone of all others;* 1.478 yet I would be loth to wish any Lady to wear it at her Eare.

So much of Metals or Minerals (for I use the word in the largest sense) that are hard and not Liquefiable;* 1.479 there are other also which we recko∣ned to be hardly Liquefiable, in respect of their brittle nature; such are Alome, Salt, Amber, Chalk, &c. but there is no use of them in Armes. Because in this Chapter, I have spoken of Precious stones, divers of which are of use in Heraldry, for Blazoning of the Coat-Armours of Nobili∣ty (as my self have often occasion to do in sundry parts of this Work) before I proceed further I will set down those severall stones, as they answer to their severall metals and colours; together with the Pla∣nets also, which I use onely in the Atchievements of Kings and great Princes.

Selected Formes of Bla∣zon before mentioned

• Metall and Colours.
  • 1 Or.
  • 2 Argent.
  • 3 Gules.
  • 4 Azure.
  • 5 Sable.
  • 6 Vert.
  • 7. Purpure.
  • 8 Tenne.
  • 9 Sanguine.
• Precious Stones.
  • 1 Topaz.
  • 2 Pearl.
  • 3 Ruby.
  • 4 Saphire.
  • 5 Diamond.
  • 6 Emerald.
  • 7 Amethyst.
  • 8 Jacynthe.
  • 9 Sardonyx.
• Planets.
  • 1 Sol.
  • 2 Luna.
  • 3 Mars.
  • 4 Jupiter.
  • 5 Saturne.
  • 6 Venus.
  • 7 Mercury.
  • 8 Dragons head.
  • 9 Dragons taile.

SECT. III. CHAP. VII.

SO much touching examples of such Natures, as do live after a sort: in the next place succeed those things, which do live perfectly or properly; such Natures are those as have in them expresse and manifest tokens of a living soul.

Of this kind, some are

• ...Vegetable.
• ...Sensitive.

Forasmuch as I am now to treat of vegetable Animals, and of their par∣ticular kinds; I must excuse my self in two things before I enter into the Exemplifying of them: The one, that there is no cause that any man should expect at my hands an expresse demonstration of each particular species of them: And that I should run through and display their mani∣fold and almost innumerable kinds, for that would be a tedious travell and (besides) an infinite and unnecessary charge and cost, and withall far wide from the project of my prefixed purpose. The other thing (and the same more pertinent to that I do intend) is, That in handling of vegetables and Sensitives, I purpose onely to distribute their severall ranks of Distri∣bution, according to their Order to them prescribed by Nature, which to ex∣presse is my chiefest drift, and the principall scope that I do aime at.

Of the perfect sort of Creatures there are many kinds, whereof some are of more perfection and more worthy than others, according to their more excellent kind of life, or worthinesse of soul.

Of these the lesse perfect sort of bodies were first created; and then such as were of more perfection. Plants are more worthy than Metals, and A∣nimals of more reckoning than Plants: therefore were these first created, and those afterwards.

Of Animals wherewith God did adorne the Aire, the Waters and the Earth, there are divers kinds, whereof some were more worthy than others; in the Creation of these did God observe the same order.

Between the Creation of Plants and Animals, it pleased God in his un∣searchable wisedome, to interpose the Creation of the Stars wherewith he beautified the Heavens, he did it to this end; to give us to understand, that albeit the Sun with his light and motion together with the Stars do concur in the generation of Plants and Animals, neverthelesse their genera∣tion is not to be attributed simply to the influence and power of these Ce∣lestiall bodies; but onely to the Omnipotency of God, inasmuch as by his powerfull Word he commanded the Earth to produce all sorts of Plants and their fruits, before the Stars were created.

From the most fertile and pleasant Garden of Eden, unto the most bar∣ren and desolate Wildernesse, may we see and behold the great and won∣derfull Works of God, and take occasion to extoll his Omnipotency, Wisdome and Mercy. As we may observe, Esay 41.19. I will set in the Wildernesse the Cedar, the Shittah tree, and the Myrre tree, and the Pine tree; and I will set in the Wildernesse the Firre tree, the Elme, and the Box together. Therefore let them see and know, and let them consider and understand together, that the hand of the Lord hath done this, and that the Holy one of Israel hath created it, Verse 20. Hence we may gather that there is no object so mean that presenteth it self to our view, but will minister some just occasion to glorifie God.

Men are accustomed to attribute the propagation of these, either to the influence of nature, or to the travell and industry of man; but these were produced before any other of like kind could be found upon the face of the Earth, whereof it might be imagined they might receive being; for as yet there had never fallen any raine to fructifie the Earth, whereby it might produce green herbs, nor as yet was Man created, that might ma∣nure and till the ground for that purpose: therefore neither were they produced naturally, or of their own accord, nor yet by the Art, Skill, or industry of Man, but by the immediate Word and commandment of God.

The reason that moved Moses to give an instance of Plants and Herbs, how that they were produced by the vertue and power of Gods word onely, and not naturally, or by the skill and industry of man; neither yet of A∣nimals, nor of any other of the infinite number of things created (Genesis 1.11.) was this, because the generation of Plants and Herbs might be much more doubted of, than the originall of other things.

Of the first springing of Trees in the Creation Moses saith, Et germinare fecerat Jehova Elohim è terra omnem arborem concupiscibilem, id est, visu, & bonam ad escam; which words do comprehend all the desireable qualities of fruit trees▪ for in them we expect that their fruits should be either de∣lightfull to the Eye, or that they should be fit for food and wholesome, and that they be also fragrant and sweet smelling: For the fruits of Trees, the better they be, the more odoriferous they are.

That the Trees, wherewith Paradise was planted, had all these qualities, it is manifest by the words of Moses, in that he saith, Concupiscibilem ad vi∣sum, & bonam ad escam: whereby we gather that the sight is delighted with things beautifull and glorious, the smell with sweet and pleasant savours, and the palate with things of sweet and pleasant taste. And none of these are in themselves evill; for such was the constitution of Adam before he transgressed, that he might have delighted himself in them all without offence; and to that end did God create them, that he should use them with thanksgiving.

Moses describeth unto us two principall qualities of the Garden of Pa∣radise, whereby he layeth before us the pleasantnesse of the scituation thereof, and also the beauty and fertility of the soil: The first of these qualities was that it was replenished with all sorts of Trees, not onely most pleasant and delightfull to the Eye, but also most pleasant to the taste; for that they produced the best and sweetest fruits. The other quality was, that the whole circumference of the Garden of Paradise was surrounded and invironed with a River, being distributed into four heads, which did highly beautifie the same, and made it most pleasant to the view.

In this description Moses maketh mention of two Trees of speciall qua∣lities, that were planted in the middest of Paradise: The one named the Tree of Life, the other the Tree of Knowledge of good and evill.

The first of these had a vivificant power in it self, the fruit whereof was ordained to this end; That being eaten it would enable a Man never to feel sicknesse, feeblenesse, old Age, or Death: but should evermore continue in the same state of strength and agility of body: This was the efficacy and power that was given to this Tree; whereof it was never yet deprived. Therefore was this quality after a sort naturall there∣unto.

For this cause was there a Cherub set at the entrance of Paradise, to keep out such as would enter the same, and eate of the fruit of the Tree of Life; that he should not alwayes live that kind of life.

How behovefull the knowledge of the vertues and operations of Trees, Plants, Herbs and other vegetables are for the extolling and manifesting the Omnipotency, Wisdome, Mercy, loving favour, and fatherly providence of our most gracious God towards sinfull Man, is, in that he hath created for the behoof and use of man, as well touching his necessary food and rayment, as for recreation and delight; we may evidently perceive by So∣lomons industrious investigation of the vertues and operations of all sorts of vegetables, for (besides other his admirable qualities wherewith he was richly endued) he had surpassing knowledge in the vertues, operations and qualities of herbs and other vegetables, insomuch as he was able to reason, discourse, and dispute, not onely of Beasts, Fowles, creeping things and fishes, but of Trees also and Plants, from the Cedar in Lebanon, to the Hyssope that springeth out of the Wall, that is, from the highest and tallest tree to the smallest shrub and lowest herbe. Thus we see the knowledge and skill in naturall Philosophy to be holden in great estimation in all Ages, in∣somuch as it hath been reckoned a study well befitting the dignity of a King, yea of Solomon who was the wisest King that ever was, and a Type of our Saviour Christ. But to returne to the vegetable.

Such are said to be vegetable as have in them a lively power of growing, budding, leafing, blossoming, and fructifying, as Trees, Plants, Herbs, Grasse, &c. and of these some grow on Trunks or solid bodies, some upon flexible Stalks: some again grow upon a single Stemme, as commonly all Trees do, some upon manifold Stemmes, as Shrubs, Roses, &c.

* 1.480Trees are certain Plants, springing from a root with a single Trunk or Stemme (for the most part) shooting up in height, and delineated with lims, sprigs or branches. Of these Trees some are more proper to hot Coun∣tries, as the Frankincense tree to Arabia; the Balsamum, Myrrhe, Mace, and Nutmeg trees, as also the Pepper trees, and such like, which chiefly grow in India, the Plane tree in Aegypt and Arabia; the Pomegranate in Africa, &c. which I purposely passe over, and will onely give examples of other sorts to us better known,* 1.481 whether they be Trees fruitfull or barren. In giving examples whereof I purpose not to observe any precise order, but to mingle then pel-mel one with another, because I hold such curious sor∣ting them, better fitting a professor or Physick or some Herbalist, than an Armorist; to whom it sufficeth to shew superficially, that these, and their severall parts, are borne in Coat-Armour, aswell simply of themselves, as also with things of different nature, as in the examples following may ap∣peare.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Or, on a Mount in base,* 1.482 an Oake acor∣ned, Proper, by the name of Wood. Almighty God, what time by his powerfull word he did enable the Earth to fructifie, and produce Herbs and Trees with their variable fruits, said, Let the earth bud forth according to his kind, the bud of Herb that seedeth seed, the fruitfull Tree which beareth fruit according to his kind, which hath seed in it self upon the earth; and it was so:* 1.483 whereby (saith Zanchius) we are admoni∣shed that they should be preserved and nourished in the earth unto the time of seed for our necessary use, for that they profit little untill they be come unto their full ripenesse. The Oake is of the strongest sort of Trees, and therefore may best challenge the first place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Mount in a Base, a Pine Apple tree, fructed, Proper, by the name of Pine.* 1.484 There is a difference between the production of seed of Trees and of Herbs, aswell for the pro∣pagation as for the preservation of their seve∣rall kinds, for the Herbs do produce their seed in their stalkes without fruit; and the Trees do produce theirs in their fruit.

It is holden of some that the Pine Tree is a re∣presentation of Death, forasmuch as the same being once felled, or cut down by the ground, the root thereof is said never to sprout or spring any more.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Mount in Base, a Peare tree,* 1.485 fructed, Proper, by the name of Pyrton, As God for the necessary sustenance of Man, ordained manifold varieties of nourishment, so likewise many sorts were created not onely for mans necessity, but also for his delight, both to Eye and taste; as too well appeared by the first woman, whose rash affection in this kind, all her Posterity hath since rued. But with∣all God teacheth us by these dumb instructors, that man should not be fruitlesse, lest he become thereby f••ll onely fit for burning.

Those proposed examples are of whole bearing of Trees: Now of their parts, viz. their Leaves, Fruits, Slips, &c. promiscuously, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules,* 1.486 the Stemme or Trunk of a Tree Eradicated, or Mooted up by the roots, as also Cou∣ped in Pale, sprouting out two branches, Argent, by the name of Borough, alias Stockden, of Borough in Leicester shire. Branches must needs wither which have neither shelter from above nor nourishment from beneath: being therein like that Roman Embas∣sage, where the one Embassador had a giddy head, and the other gouty feet, whereof one said, that it had neither head nor foot.

* 1.487

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Oaken slips, acorned, Proper, by the name of Amades of Plymouth. By the words formerly noted to be extracted out of Gen. 1.24. Let the earth bud forth, &c. we do gather (saith Zanchius) a diverse manner of conserving of the severall kinds of Herbs and Trees by propagation (through the production of their Seeds whereby their particular sorts are preserved) the one that do bring forth their seed in their stalks without fruit, and Trees do produce their seed in their fruit.

* 1.488

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three sterved branches, slipped, Sable, by the name of Blackstock. This Example is of different nature from all the former, those bearing the signes of their vegetation and life, but this being mortified and unvested of the verdour which some∣times it had; which is the condition of all mortall men, whose most flourishing estate must have a change, their beauty turned to baldnesse and withe∣red wrinkles, and they leave all their riches, or their riches, leave them: this is the end o•• 〈…〉〈…〉 Tree, an•• fruits of our worldly estate; but the fruits of holinesse will 〈◊〉〈◊〉 perish, and the righteous man shall be as the tree planted by the Waters of life. Other Escoche∣ons of the same kind ensue.

* 1.489

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Bend of the limbe of a Tree, Raguled and Trunked, Argent, by the name of Pen∣ruddock. That which I spake of before touching the Bend Crenelle, fitted by Art for the scaling of a Wal, the same seemeth to be here naturally found. At the first approach of King William and Conq••••••••r, the green boughs of trees, borne by Souldiers▪ ••••ed for an excellent Stratagem of defence; and as helpfull an instrument of offence to the enemy may this trunked tree be, when other helps are wan••••ng to the besiegers.

* 1.490

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Stocks or Stumps ••f Trees, Couped and Eradicated, Sable, by the name o•• Retowre. If the top or boughes be cut off, yet the Root standing there is hope of a new growth: but when the Root is pluckt up, there remaineth no hope of re∣viving. And therefore that was a fearfull warning, Now is the Axe put to the Root; which should quicken us to the bearing of good fruits, lest otherwise we mean to bear that dreadfull stroke, and the issue of that terrible commination.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

H•• ••eareth, Azure, three Laurel leaves slipped, Or, This is the paternall Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Leveson of Lilleshall in the County of Salop who was made Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of our Soveraign Lord King Charles. That the Laurell was in ancient times, thought to be a remedy against poyson, lightning, &c. and in war used as a token of peace and quietnesse, you may at your leasure read in Master Bossewell his book of Coats and Crests.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Topaz, five fig-leaves in Saltire, Emerald.* 1.491 This Coat appertaineth to the Count Feria of Spain. The Fig-leaves are the ancientest wearing that is, being the first cloathing of our first transgressing Parents. And I∣raeneus saith, that they used not the Leaves of any o∣ther Tree, to shew the torture and anguish of Repen∣tance, signified by the roughness and sharpness where∣with this sort of leaf is beset. Our Saviour Christ liked not to see Fig-leaves without Fruit, and therefore cur∣sed the Tree: and accursed will their condition be, the growth of whose Faith and Religion is in shew, and not in substance of fruitfull works.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Ermine, two bars, Sable,* 1.492 each char∣ged with five Elmen leaves, Or, by the name of Elmes of Lilford in the County of Northampton. It is suppo∣sed that there is great love, and a naturall Sympathy be∣twixt the Elme Tree and the Vine, because the Vine ne∣ver prospereth better than when it groweth by the Elme, whereas the Elme it self is of all Trees the most barren. So should those who have few good parts in themselves, yet at least cherish and support such, as Nature and Art have enabled to produce better fruits of their industry.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, Three Woodbine leaves pendant,* 1.493 Azure. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Family of Gamboa in Spain. Sometimes you shall have these Leaves borne bend-waies, as in this next Escocheon. The Woodbine is a loving and amorous plant, which em∣braceth all that it growes near unto; but without hurting of that which it loveth: and is therein con∣trary to the Ivy (which is a Type of lust, rather than of love) for it hurteth that which it most embraceth. Sometimes you shall find Leaves of sundry sorts of Trees borne Ordinary waies, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Woodbine leaves Bend-waies, Proper, 2. and 1. by the name of Theme. These Leaves are all one with those in the last precedent Es∣cochon in shape, but different from them in the man∣ner of their position, in that those are borne with their points downwards, and these naturally or up∣wards. Other whiles they are borne in forme of o∣ther Ordinaries, as by example shall hereafter be

made plaine. Moreover you shall finde them sometimes borne with Or∣dinaries betwene them, as in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Cheuron, Gules, betweene three Nettle Leaves,* 1.494 Proper, by the name of Malherbe, De∣von. The Nettle is of so tetchie and froward a nature, that no man may meddle with it, as many testy-natured men are. One writes, that a little Girle being stung by a Nettle in her fathers Garden, complained to him that there was such a curst Herbe in his Gar∣den, as that it was worse than a Dog, for it would bite them of their owne house. Her Father answered her, that it was the nature of it to be unpartiall, and friend or foe were all alike to it. Yet this property it hath, that the har∣der you presse it the lesse it will sting.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Sable, three Wallnut-leaves, Or, be∣tween two Bendlets, Argent, by the name of Waller, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Waller of Winchester Castle in Hampshire and Groombridge in Kent, Sir Hardress Waller Major Generall of Ireland, and Edward Waller of Beconsfield Esquire, all descen∣ded from Richard Waller of Groombridge Esquire, who at the battell of Angencourt took prisoner the Duke of Orleans, to signalize which action the Fa∣mily have ever since borne hanging on their anci∣ent Crest (viz. a Wallnut tree) the Armes of France with a Labell; this Coat with his due difference belongs to Richard Waller Merchant Adven∣turer of London.

* 1.495

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Holly Leaves pendent, Pro∣per, by the name of Inwine. Note that when leaves are borne after this manner, viz. pendent, you must tell in what fashion they are borne: but if their points onely be upwards, then it sufficeth to say Leaves, because it is their most naturall and proper way when they are in full vigor. Now I will shew you an example, where three leaves are borne Bar-wayes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Holly leaves, Barwaies, two and one, their stalkes towardes the Dexter part of the Escocheon,* 1.496 Proper, by the name of Arnest, Devon. These seeme to have beene, (as still they are) much used in Adorning the Temples an•• Sacred places; es∣pecially at the most solemne time of our Saviours Na∣tivity, and thence to have taken that Holy name. There is a kinde of Holly that is void of these Prickles and of gentler nature, and therefore called Free-holly, which in my opinion is the best Holly; and so it was in his, who saith, that charity (the daughter of true holinesse) is gentle and hurteth not, but rather suffereth all things: farre unlike to those Hedge-hogge holy-ones, whose sharpe censures and bitter words pierce thorow all those who con∣verse with them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, a Pomegranat, in Pale, slipped,* 1.497 Proper. These Armes do pertain to the City and Country of Granata, within the Dominions of the King of Spain, scituated by the Mediterranean Sea. This fruit is holden to be of profitable use in Phy∣sick, for the qualifying and allaying of the scorching heat of burning Agues, for which end the juyce thereof is reckoned to have a very soveraigne vertue.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Peares, Or,* 1.498 by the name of Stukeley, Devon. This fruit, as other, was ordai∣ned for the comfort of man: but as the Devill made use of the Apple to the destruction of man, so did the Divils Imps use the Peare to a wicked end, when the Monkes of Swinsted inviting King John to a Banquet, poisoned him in a dish of Peares, though others write it was in a Cup of Ale.

Concerning the fruits of Trees,* 1.499 God in the begin∣ning gave unto Man a free scope to use them with∣out restraint, onely the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evill ex∣cepted, whereof he was prohibited the eating upon pain to dye the Death whensoever he should taste thereof. In this prohibition God would, that he should not so much respect the fruit of the Tree, as the Soveraign autho∣rity of him that forbade the eating thereof, yea, this chiefly and princi∣pally first, and secondly, the fruit because of the interdiction.

The end for which God did prohibit Adam the eating of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evill, was, that notwithstanding God had gi∣ven him a Soveraign jurisdiction on earth, yet was he not so absolute a governour and commander, but that he had a Lord Paramount to whose hests he was simply and with all reverence to obey, and that he should know that God his Creator was above him, whose will should be unto him the Rule of all Justice, and whereunto he should conforme all his actions, counsels, and cogitations, that he should evermore have an awfull eye unto him, and alwayes hope in him, glorifie, fear, reverence, and love him. The end I say, was this; That Adam should know both God, and himself: God as his true creator, himself to be his creature; God, to be his Lord; him∣self, his servant; God a most bountifull and magnificent giver of all good blessings; himself, Gods foster-child, and such a one as must acknowledge that whatsoever he possesseth, proceedeth from Gods free bounty and mercy; and therefore should render under him continuall praise and thanks for the same, from the ground and bottome of his heart.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gules, a Cheuron, Ermine, between 3 Pine Apples, erected, Or, by the name of Pine.* 1.500 The Pine tree was in much request in ancient times, for ador∣ning of walks about Mansion houses; according to that of the Poet:

Fraxinus in sylvis pulcherrima, Pinus in hortis, Populus in fluviis, Abies in montibus albis:

The Ash in Woods makes fairest shew; The Pine in Orchards nigh; By Rivers best is Poplars hew, The Firre on Mountains high.

* 1.501

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Mulberies, their Stalks trun∣ked, Proper. The Mulbery tree is an Hieroglyphick of Wisdome, whose property is to speake and to do all things in opportune season: And it is reputed (as I may say) the wisest of all ••rees, in regard it never sprowteth, nor buddeth, untill such time as all ex∣tremity of cold Winter season be clearly past and gone. This Fruit hath a Purple blushing colour, in the the one resembling the Judges attire who attempted Susanna,* 1.502 in the other that hue of their face which should have been in them, if they had been so gracious to blush at their fault, as they were hasty to commit it. A greater sin in them than in o∣thers, because they were to punish others for the like offences: but it is no rare thing to see the great Offenders hang the little.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Bend, Sable, three Clusters of Grapes, Argent. This Coat appertaineth to Sir Edmound de Maroley Knight of the County of Yorke. He lived in the time of Edward the First. How profitable the mo∣derate use of the juyce of the Grape may be to man, is as manifest, as the inconvenience that doth attend the too much bibbing of the same is odious.

* 1.503

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Bar, Argent, three Apples e∣rected in Base, or by the name of Harlewin, Devon. An Apple is called in Latine Pomum, which is a gene∣rall word for all sorts of eatable fruits, insomuch as Plin. lib. 15. cap. 22. comprehendeth Nuts also un∣der this name, albeit the same is most commonly ta∣ken for this sort of fruit. If we desire to have Apples to continue longer upon the trees then their accu∣stomed season of ripening,* 1.504 we may effect the same by wreathing of the boughes and platting them toge∣ther one in another; as Farnesius noteth, saying, Praeter naturae tempus, ex arbore pendebunt Poma, si ramusculos contorqueri jusserimus: whereof he yeel∣deth this reason, that by means of such wreathing and platting, the hu∣mour is more slowly concocted or digested, so that they cannot ripen with that maturity, as those which are not hindred of their naturall pas∣sage and action. Hereby we learn, that Art worketh forcibly in things meerely vegetable;* 1.505 how much more effectuall and powerfull is educa∣tion (which is reckoned a second nature) in forming and reforming the conditions and inclinations of men?

SECT. III. CHAP. VIII.

* 1.506HItherto of Plants growing upon a simple body or Stemme with their common parts. Now of such as grow upon a manifold stalk or ten∣der sprigs, as Flowers, Herbs, and such like, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a Rose,* 1.507 Gules Barbed and See∣ded, Proper, by the name of Beverley. Amongst Flow∣ers of ancient time, the Rose was holden in chiefest e∣stimation, as appeareth in Scholiis Epist. St. Hieron. de vit. Hilar. where it is said, Rosis apud Priscos prima gloria fuit inter flores. The Portracture or resemblance of a Rose, may signifie unto us some kind of good en∣vironed or beset on all sides with evils, as that is with prickles, which may give us notice how our pleasures and delights are bejet with bitternesse and sharpnesse. Here I do blazon this Rose Gules, because the word Proper fit∣teth not this flower: for if I should blazon it a Rose Proper, it could not be understood of what colour the same were, forasmuch as White and Crimson are as proper to Roses as Red. Therefore for the more certainty I have blazoned it Gules.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Or, a Cheuron between three Roses, Gules, by the name of Byshe, an eminent Ornament to which Family is Edward Byshe Esquire Garter principall King of Armes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Roses, Gules, on a Chief, of the second as many of the Field, by the name of Caesar of Bennington in the County of Hart∣ford, and of this Family were Sir Julius and Sir Charles Caesar, both Masters of the Rolles.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Lion Rampant, Gules, on a Chief, Sable, three Roses of the Field, this is the Coat of the Honourable Sir Francis Russell of Chippenham in the County of Cambridge Baronet, who hath issue William Russell Esquire, and other Sons and Daugh∣ters, of which Elizabeth is wife of Henry Cromwell se∣cond son of Oliver late Protector of England, which Sir Francis was Son of Sir William Russell, Knighted 1615. created Baronet 1628. many years Treasurer of the Navy-Royall.

* 1.508

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Canton, Gules, a Rose, Or, Barbed, Proper, by the name of Bradston of Win∣terborne in the County of Glocester. This beautifull and fragrant flower doth lively represent unto us the momentary and fickle state of mans life, the frailty and inconstancy whereof is such,* 1.509 as that we are no sooner born into the world, but presently we begin to leave it; and as the delectable beauty and redo∣lent smell of this pleasant flower doth suddenly fade and perish; even so mans life, his beauty, his strength and worldly estate, are so weak, so mutable, and so momentary, as that oftentimes in the same day wherein he flourisheth in his chiefest jollity, his beauty consumeth, his body decayeth, and his vitall breath de∣parteth, and thus he leaveth his life as if he had never been. Of this sud∣den fading of the Rose a certain Poet writeth in this manner.

Mirabar celerem fugitiva aetate rapinam, Et dum nascuntur consenuisse Rosas. Quam long a una dies, aetas tam longa Rosarum, Quas pubescentes juncta senecta premit.

As fades the blushing Rose, so speeds, our flowry youth away: It growes, it blowes, it speeds, it sheds, her beauty in one day.

* 1.510Of such Plants that grow upon a manifold body or stalke, there are some other sorts that do bear fruits, as in part may by this next example appeare.

* 1.511

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Hurts, by the name of Baskervile, in the County of Hereford. These (saith Leigh) appeare light-blew, and come of some violent stroke. But if I mistake not, he is far wide from the matter, in that he likeneth these rundles unto vibices or hurts in a mans body proceeding of a stripe; whereas they are indeed a kind of fruit or small round berry, of colour betwixt Black and Blew, growing upon a manifold stalke, a∣bout a foot high, and are found most commonly in Forrests and Woodland grounds; in some places they are called Wind-berries; and in others Hurts, or Hurtle-berries. They have their time when Straw∣berries are in season. The near resemblance of their names caused Leigh to mistake the one for the other.

SECT. III. CHAP. IX.

* 1.512THus much of Vegetables, growing either on a single or manifold Stemme or Body. Now of such as grow upon a bending Stalke, such are Herbs of all sorts. And of these some are Nutritive, others lesse Nu∣tritive: the first sort are in ordinary use of diet, such are both those which produce Graine, and those serve for seasoning of the Pot, Salades, and the like. Such as do produce Graine are these, and their like, Wheat, Rie,* 1.513 Beans, Pease, Barley, Spelt, Oates, &c. Of these such are most usuall in

Coat-Armour as are accustomed to be bound up in Sheafs, as Wheat, Rie, Commin, &c. As in part by these next examples may appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, Issuant out of a Mount, in Base,* 1.514 three Wheat stalkes, Bladed and Eared, all Proper. This is a Venetian Coat-Armour, and pertaineth to the Fa∣mily of Garzoni. And here we see a Mount borne, which we before mentioned, as a bearing of the na∣ture of one of the four Elements. As before we ho∣honoured the Milstone with the name of the chief of precious stones, so may we justly give precedence to this Plant above all other in the world; no one kind of food being so necessary for preservation of mans life as this, which therefore the Scripture calls the staffe of bread, because it upholds the very being of mankind. For which cause, as the Heathens ac∣counted Ceres and others, as gods for inventing means to increase Corne; so are those to be held Enemies to mankind, whosoever through covetousness overthrow Tillage, as by Inclosures, and depopulations of Villages, &c. And how inestimable a blessing Corne is, may by this be conceived, that no Country is said to have a Famine, so long as it hath Corne, though all o∣ther things be scarce: but if all other things abound, and Corne be wanting, that one want bringeth both the name and the heavy punishment of a Famine.

Among the manifold blessings promised by God to the observers of his Lawes, plenty of Corne is reckoned one of the chiefest, Levit. 26.3. If ye walk in my Statutes, and keep my commandments, and do them; then will I give you rain in due season, and the Land shall yeeld her increase, and the Trees of the field shall yeeld their fruit, and your threshing shall reach unto the Vintage, and the Vintage shall reach unto the sowing time: and you shall eate your bread to the full, and dwell in your land safely. And again, Deuter. 8.7. For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good Land, a Land of brooks of Water, of Fountains and depths that spring out of Valleys and Hils; A Land of Wheat and Barley, and Vines and Fig-trees, and Pomgranates; A Land of Oyle Olive and Honey; a Land wherein thou shalt eate bread without scarcenesse, thou shalt not lack any thing in it. A Land whose stones are Iron, and out of whose Hils thou mayst digge brasse.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Eares of Ginny Wheat,* 1.515 Couped and bladed, Or, by the name of Grandgorge. This is a kind of Grain not much inferiour to our Wheat for use, but for multiplication, beauty and large∣nesse much beyond it: and of this, most undoubted∣ly true is the saying of our Saviour, that one Grain bringeth forth fifty, yea an hundred fold: and such should be the increases of Gods graces in us, which are not put into us there to dye utterly, but to increase to our own good, and the givers glory. Saint Paul makes an excellent argument here to satisfie a very naturall man, touching the Resurrection of the dead, which is no more unpossible than for dead corne to sprout out of the earth, much more flourishing, yea, and more a∣bundant then it was cast in.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, on a Bend, Argent, three Rie stalks, Sable, by the name of Rye, or Reye. Were it that these stalkes had beene borne in their proper kinde,* 1.516 it would have beautified the Coate greatly, and made the same much more commendable for bearing, by how much sweet and kindly ripened Corne is more valuable and to be desired, than that which is blasted and mildewd: that being a speciall blessing of God, and this the expresse and manifest tokens of Gods heavy wrath inflicted upon us for our sins. As appeareth in the Prophet Amos. 4.9. I have smitten you with blasting and Mildew, &c. And likewise in Haggai the second, the same words are used.* 1.517

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Ermyne, two Flaunches, Azure, each charged with three Eares of Wheat, couped, Or, by the name of Greyby of Northampton shire. it maketh not a little to the commenda••ion of this graine, that it is taken in the Scriptures for the faithfull where it is said, Which hath his Fa••me in his hand, and will make cleane his floore, and gather his Wheate into his Gar∣ner, &c.

These sorts of Graine are most usually borne in Coate-Armour bound up in sheafes, and banded of the same Metall or Co∣lour;* 1.518 yet shall you finde their band sometimes of a diverse Metall or Colour from them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, a Garbe, Or, This Coate-Armour pertaineth to the ancient Family of Grav••nor of Che∣shire, whose name was anciently written Grosvenour, or Grosvenor, as it is at this day. They beare this Garbe from their Ancestors who were of consanguinity to the ancient Earles of Chester, as it is proved in the Re∣cord of that famous suite betwixt Sir Richard Scroope plantiff, and Sir Robert Grosvenour defendant for their Armes in Anno 12. Regis Richardt Secundi. For with William the Conquerour came Hugh Lupus his Nephew, and with the said Hugh Lupus came one Gilbert le Grosvenour Nephew to the said Hugh, who was Ancestor to the said Sir Robert Grosvenour: from whom is Lineally descended Sir Richard Grosvenor of Eaton in the County Palatine of Chester, Knight and Baronet, Heire Male of that Family. Of which Family is also that accomplished Gentleman Colonel Gravenor. A like unto this is borne by Holmeshed, saving that the band of that Garbe is Vert. There is a kind of wretched Cormorants, whose Garbes are so fast bound that the poore curseth their mercilesse hearts: and such an one was Hatto Abbot of Fulda,* 1.519 who suffered Rats rather to eat up his Corn, then he would help the wants of the poore; but his punishment was answerable thereun∣to; for the Rats devoured him, though he garded himselfe in a Castle pur∣posely built in the midst of the River Rehene, which is there this day to be seen.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Garbes, Or, by the name of Preston. This Coat-Armour is quartered by the wor∣they Family of Hennage of Lincolnshire, for John Hen∣nage of Hainton in the County of Lincolne married Elizabeth the Daughter and heir of Iohn Preston. Here you may observe that I mention not the bands of Garbes because they differ not in Metall or Colour from the Garbes. Sometimes you shall finde these Garbes borne with an Ordinarie interposed betweene them, as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Pearle,* 1.520 a Cheuron betweene three Garbes, Ruby. This Coate-Armour pertaineth to the right honourable Edmund Earle of Mulgrave, Baron Sheffield of Butterwicke, and Knight of the most Noble order of the Garter. An Escoheon like unto this (but of different Colour and Metall, viz. the Field, Saphire, a Cheuron between three Garbes, Topaz, as here next followeth) was borne by Sir Christopher Hatton late Lord Chancellor of England, Councellour to that Peerelesse Queen Elizabeth of immortall memorie: a Coat well befitting his Magnificencie and bounteous Hospitality, wherein he hath scarce had any Rivall ever since.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Cheuron between three Garbes, Or, by the name of Hatton, this is the Coat of that right worthy Gentleman and excellent An∣tiquary Sir Christopher Hatton Knight of the Bath, Baron of Kirby in Northamptonshire, and also of Sir Thomas Hatton of Long Stanton in the County of Cam∣bridge, Knight and Baronet, lately deceased. Of — Hatton, of London Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, engrailed, Ermine, between three Garbes, Or, by the name of Hill of Somerset-shire, a very ancient Family there, of which is Roger Hill, one of the Barons of the Exchequer.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, on a Fesse, Azure,* 1.521 three Garbes of the first, by the name of Vernon. This is an ancient Family of Cheshire, and descended of the worthy Stemme of Vernons that were Barons of Shipbrooke, and do beare these Garbes for a difference from the elder House that did beare, Or, onely a Fesse, Azure. And the reason of the bearing of their Garbes was, for that they would make knowne that they were descended from the said Barons of Shipbrooke, who anciently held of the Earles of Chester.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse betweene three Garbes, Or, by the name of Le-white of Bromham in Wiltshire. The Garbe, signifieth in Heraldrie plentie, or abun∣dance, and that the first Bearer did deserve well for his Hospitality.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse Dauncette, between six Garbes,* 1.522 Or, by the name of Rayncowrt. Leigh calleth i•• a Sheafe of Wheat; but though it were of Rie, Barley, or Comine, or whatsoever it were (saith he) it is suf∣ficient to call it a Garb (which is a Freneh or rather Teutonicke word, signifying a Sheafe) telling the Colour or Metall whereof it is. As to their sole and diverse bearing upon, and with Ordinaries betweene them, these few examples may suffice for the present. O∣thers shall follow in their places.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Beane Coddes Barrewayes, two and one,* 1.523 Proper, by the name of Hardbeane. The Beane in ancient times amongst the Grecians, was of great authority, for by it they made all the Ma∣gistrates of their Common-Weales, which were chosen by casting in of Beanes in stead of giving of Voices or Suffrages. But Pythagoras taught his Scholars to hate the Beane above all other Vegetables; meaning per∣chance, that they should shunne the bearing of any Office: though others give other reasons of that his doctrine: Some write, that the flowers of the Beanes, though very pleasing to the smell, yet are very hurtfull to weake braines; and that therefore in the time of their flowring, there are more foolish than at other times; meaning belike those, who then distill these flowers to make themselves faire therewith.

To this Head must be referred all other sorts of Nutritive Herbes borne in Coat-Armour,* 1.524 whether they produce Graine in Eare, Cod or Huske; or that they be Herbes for the Pot, or Sallads, as Betonie Spinage, Coleworts, Lettice, Purslain, Leeks, Scallions, &c. All which I leave to observation, because I labour by all means to pass thorough this vast Sea of the infinite varieties of Nature, with what convenient brevity I may, because Quod brevius est, semper delectabilius habetur; in such things as these, The shorter the sweeter.

SECT. III. CHAP. X.

* 1.525NExt after Herbs Nutritive, let us take a taste of Herbs lesse Nutritive, which are either Coronary or Physicall. Coronary Herbs are such as in respect of their odoriferous smell have been of long time, and yet are used for decking and trimming of the body, or adorning of houses, or other pleasurable use for eye or sent: as also in respect of

their beautifull shape and colour, were most commonly bestowed in making of Crowns and Garlands; of which uses they received their name of Coro∣nary. Amongst which, we may reckon the Rose before expressed, to be one of the chiefest, as also Violets of all sorts, Glove-Gilloflowers, Sweet Mar∣joram, Rosemary, White Daffadill, Spikenard, Rose Campion, Daisies, &c. But of all other, the Flower de lis is of most esteem,* 1.526 having been from the first Bearing, the Charge of a Regall Escocheon, originally borne by the French Kings, though tract of time hath made the Bearing of them more vulgar: even as Purple was in ancient times a wearing onely for Princes, which now hath lost that prerogative through custome. Out of these several kinds I have selected some few Examples, as in the Escocheons following appears.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Saphire, a Flower de lis, Pearle, by the name of Digby, of which Family there are many wor∣thy accomplisht branches, as George Earle of Bristol, and the Lord Sherburne his son, Sir Kenelme, and John Digby Esquire his son (who married that excellent Lady the Lady Katharine Daughter of Henry Howard late Earle of Arundell) the Lord Digby of Geshull, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Vert, a Flower de lis, Argent, by the name of Fowke or Foulke, an ancient and spreading Family, of which a deserving Ornament is Thomas Foulke now Alderman of London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a Flower de lis, on a Chief, Sable, a Mullet, Or, by the name of Gaire, and was borne by Sir John Gaire, late Alderman and Mayor of London, who left issue male John Gaire Esquire, since deceased, and Robert Gaire a hope∣full Gentleman.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or,* 1.527 a Cheuron between three Flowers de Lis, Sable. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the very worshipfull Sir Thomas Fanshaw Knight of the Bath, his Majesties Remembrancer of his Highnes Court of Exchequer. This Flower is in Latine called Iris, for that it somewhat resembleth the colour of the Rain∣bow. Some of the French confound this with the Lily; as he did, who doubting the validity of the Salike-Law to debarre the Females from the Crown of

France, would make it sure out of a stronger Law; because (forsooth) Lilia non laborant, neque nent; the Lillies neither labour, nor spin: which rea∣son excludes as well a Laborious Hercules, as a spinning Omphale.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Argent, on a Cheuron, Gules, between three flowers de lis, Sables, an Inescocheon of the first, charged with a sinister hand couped at the wrist as the second. This is the Coat-armour of that Noble Knight and Baronet, Sir Basill Dixwell of Folkston in Kent de∣ceased. Whose reall expressions of true love and af∣fection to his native Country deserves commemoration; and is now borne by the honourable John Dixwell Esquire, a member of this Parliament, and one of the Counsell of State, Nephew to the said Sir Basill. Here I name of the first, and as the second, to avoid iteration of the same words, according to the rule formerly given.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fesse wavy between three Flowers de lis, Or, by the name of Hicks, which is the Coat of Sir William Hicks of Beverston in Glocestershire, Knight and Baronet, now of Essex, and was also the bearing of Sir Baptist Hicks Knight and Baronet, Vis∣count Campden in Glocestershire, a munificent Bene∣factour to that Town, and also to severall places in Middlesex.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Cheuron engrailed, between six crosses Patee-Fitchee,* 1.528 Or, three flowers de lis, Azure, each charged on the top with a Plate, by the name of Smith of Nybley in the county of Glocester. The Plate is the representation of Silver Bullion fitted for the stamp, and therefore need not have other Blazon than its own name. Armorists hold that this bearing of Sable, and Or, answers to Diamond joyned with Gold, whereof each giveth honour to the other; and it may well beseem a Bearer, whose sober and well composed conditions are accompanied with the lustre of shining vertues.

* 1.529

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Bend, Argent, between six Flowers de lis, Or, by the name of Redmere. This Coat-Armour have I added in regard of the variety of bearing hereof from those before handled, inas∣much as in this one Escocheon, is comprehended the full number contained in both the former; as also to make known in what manner, these or other Char∣ges of like Bearing must be placed, the same being borne entire: But if they were strowed, or (as I may better term it) Seminated all over the Field; then were it not a bend between, but upon, or over them; forasmuch as in such bearing onely the halves of many of them, or some greater or lesser portion of them would appear aswell under the Bend, as in the limits or edges of the Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Crosse, Sable, five flowers de lis, of the first: This Coat-Armour in the time of King Henry the fourth, appertained unto Robert le-Neve of Tivetishall in the County of Norfolke (as appeareth by Seals of old Deeds and ancient Rolles of Armes) from whom are descended those of that surname now remaining at Aslactun, Witchingham, and other places in the said County. If this Crosse were seminated all over with Flowers de lis, shewing upon the sides or edges thereof but the halves of some of them, then it should be blazoned Semie de flowers de lis: And the like is to be observed when they be so borne upon any other Ordinary, or Charge.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Saltire, Sable, five flowers de li, Or: This Coat-armour pertaineth to Sir Tho∣mas Hawkins of Nash in Kent, Knight. I have inserted this Escocheon not onely to shew you that this flower is borne upon this kind of Ordinary, but also to give demonstration that the Saltire charged containeth the third part of the field, according to the rule for∣merly given.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse, Engrailed, between three Flowers de lis, Argent, by the name of Ashfield, of which is now Sir Richard Ashfield of Netherhall in Suffolk Baro∣net, son of Sir John Ashfield of the same place, created Baronet July 27. 1626.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Flowers de lis, Argent, a Chief, Vaire, by the name of Palmes of York-shire, and elsewhere.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, six Flowers de lis, Azure, a Chief, Or, being (with the Armes of Ʋlster) the Atchievement of the honourable Sir Wil∣liam Paston of Oxnead in the County of Norfolk Knight and Baronet, a great Patron and Promo∣ter of Arts and Ingenuity.

* 1.530

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, three Lillies slipped, their stalks, seeds, blades and leaves, Argent. These Armes pertain to the Colledge of Winchester, founded by the renow∣ned Architect, William Wickham, Bishop of Winton, who contrived those many and most curious Castles and other buildings of King Edward the third: and besides this goodly Colledge of Winton, built another magnificent Colledge (called the New Colledge) in the Ʋniversity of Oxford: two such absolute Foundations as never any King of this Land did the like. This Wickham having finished the Castle of Windsor, caused to be inscribed on the Wall of the Round Tower, This made Wickham; which caused such as were envious of his high favour, to suggest unto the King, that he arroga∣ted all the honour of that great Work to himself: but he pleasantly sa∣tisfied the King, saying, that he wrote not, Wickham made this; but, This made Wickham; because by his service in these Works he had gained his Soveraigns Princely favour.

* 1.531

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse Nebule, between three treefoiles slipped, Gules. This Coat pertaineh to George Thorpe of Wanswell in the County of Glocester, Esquire, one of the honourable band of his Majesties Gentlemen Pensioners. The Treefoile is accounted the Husbandmans Almanack, because when it shutteth in the leaves, it fore-telleth raine;* 1.532 and therefore the Fesse Nebule, re∣presenting the rainy clouds, is not unaptly joyned with it. This Leafe being grassie, some may marvell I should reckon it amongst the Coronaries: but they must know, that in ancient Roman times, amongst other sorts of Crowns the Graminea corona, or Grassie Crown, was of very high honour to the Wearer.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron, between three Treefoiles, Or, which is the Coat of that worthy Merchant John Lewis Esquire, of an ancient Family of that name in York-shire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron, Azure, be∣tween three Treefoiles, Parted per Pale, Gules, and Vert, as many Bezants, being the Coat of Sir Henry Row of Shakelwell, of Colonel Owen Row, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, two Cheurons, between three Treefoyles, Sable, which is the Coat of Sir Thomas Ab∣dy of Felphall in Essex, Knight and Baronet, and Ro∣bert Abdy of London Merchant, and John Abdy, sons of Anthony Abdy sometime Alderman of London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Quaterfoyles, Ar∣gent, which is the Coat of Sir Francis Vincent, of Stoke Dabernon in Surrey, Baronet; of which Family is also William Vincent Esquire, Alderman of Lon∣don, Sheriff 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable,* 1.533 between three Columbines slipped, Proper, by the name of Hall of Coventrie. The Columbine is pleasing to the eye, as well in respect of the seemly (and not vulgar) shape, as in regard of the Azurie colour thereof; and is holden to be very medicinable for the disolving of impostumations or swellings in the throat.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Bend, Or, in the sinister Chief a Cinquefoyle, Ermine, this is the Coat of Sir Erasmus de la Fountaine of London Knight, whose Lady is Sister to the right honourable Baptist, Viscount Camden.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable, in the dex∣ter point a Cinquefoyle, Gules, and is the Coat of Al∣derman Ricard of London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Cinquefoyles, Or, being the Coat of the ho∣nourable John Thurloe Secretary of State.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron between ten Cinque∣foiles,* 1.534 four, two, one, two, and one, Argent. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the worshipful Family of Bark∣ley of Wymundham, which descended out of the right noble progeny of the Lord Barkley. This Coat is of an usuall kind of Blazon, and therefore I held it the fitter to be here inserted, as a pattern for all such Coat-Armours, whose Charges are marshalled in this or∣der. The Cinquefoile is an Herbe wholesome for ma∣ny good uses, and is of ancient bearing in Escocheons. The number of the leaves answer to the five senses in a man, and he that can conquer his affections,* 1.535 and master his senses (which sensuall and vicious men are wholy addicted unto) he may worthily and with honour bear the Cinquefoile, as the signe of his fivefold victory over a stronger Enemy than that three headed monster Cerberus.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Gilloflowers slipped, Pro∣per,* 1.536 by the name of Jorney. These kinds of flowers for beauty, variety of colour, and pleasant redolencie, may be compared with the choisest attires of the garden: yet because such daintinesse and affected adornings better befit Ladies and Gentlewomen; than Knights and men of valour, whose worth must be tried in the Field, not under a Rose-bed, or in a Garden plot, there∣fore the ancient Generous made choise rather of such Herbs as grew in the Fields, as the Cinquefoile, Tree∣foile, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent a Cheuron, Gules, between three blew Bottles,* 1.537 slipped, proper, by the name of Chor∣ley of Chorley, an ancient Family in the County Pala∣tine of Lancaster. These few examples may suffice, to shew that all others of like kind (which I for brevi∣ty sake voluntarily passe over) are to be reduced un∣to this head of Coronary-Herbs; from which we will now proceed to the Physicall, whose chief and more frequent use consisteth in asswaging or curing of ma∣ladies and diseases: And of these, some are Aromaticall, which for the most part, in respect of their familiar and pleasing nature, do serve for the corroborating & comforting of the inward parts of mans bo∣dy, and for that purpose are oft used in meats; of which sort, are Saffron, Ginger, and such like: other are meerly Medicinall, and such as a man (were it not for necessity) would wish rather to wear in his Escocheon, than in his

belly. Examples of which kinds I will willingly passe over, onely as it were pointing out with the finger, unto what head they must be redu∣ced, if any such be borne in Armes. Of the Plants, Trees, Fruits and Herbs be∣fore mentioned, some are forrein, and some Domesticall,* 1.538 some grow in Mountains, some in Marish and Fenny grounds, some by the Rivers, some by Sea-coast. Concerning their causes, natures and effects, Phylosophers, Physiti∣ans and Herbalists do seriously dispute; and doubtlesse they are the ad∣mirable work of the most Omnipotent God, who hath sent as many kinds of Medicines, as of Maladies, that as by the one we may see our own wretchednesse, so by the other, we might magnifie his goodnesse towards man, on whom he hath bestowed, Fruit for Meat, and Leaves for Medicine.

SECT. III. CHAP. XI.

HAving hitherto handled that part of our distribution which com∣prehendeth things Vegetable; proceed we now to the other,* 1.539 concer∣ning things senstive, which are all sorts of Animals or Creatures indued with senses. The senses, as likewise the sensitive soul, are things in them∣selves not visible, and therefore estranged from the Heralds uses: but because they reside in Bodies of differing parts and qualities from any o∣ther before mentioned; therefore in handling of these sensitive Crea∣tures, I hold it requisite to begin with their parts (for of them the whole is raised) and these are either the parts contained, or containing, or sustaining.

But sithence we are now to speak of things Sensitive and amongst them) first of Terrestial Animals and their parts; it shall not be imperti∣nent to produce some few causes amongst many, why these Terrestial A∣nimals and Man were created in one day, viz. the sixth day.

First, because God had appointed the Earth to be the joynt habita∣tion of Man and Beast together. Secondly, in respect of the near resem∣blance both of bodily parts and naturall properties that these Terrestri∣als have of Man, in respect either of Fowles or of Fishes. Lastly, for that very many of them were to serve for mans ease and necessary use: as Ox∣en to till the ground, Horses for his ease in travell, Dogs to be watchfull keepers of his House, and others for other his necessary and domesticall uses.

There is no Animal but hath at the least these parts, viz. Head, where∣withall to receive food, and wherein their senses have their residence; a Belly, to receive and concoct his meat: intrals, whereby to eject the sup∣perfluities or excrements of aliment; members also, serving for the use, and exercise of the Senses, and others ordained for motion from place to place; for without these members he cannot receive food or nutriment, neither feel, nor move: Therefore there is neither labouring beast, or beast of savage kind, domesticall reptiles, or other, that can be with these bodily parts.

By the name of Soul, and Life, wherewith all sorts of Animals are endu∣ed from God: Moses teacheth us,* 1.540 that there is no living Creature to be found that hath not either true and natural bloud, or at the least some kind of hot humour that is to it instead of bloud, Anima enim cujusque Ani∣malis in sanguine est, as Moses teacheth, Leviticus 17. and in sundry

other places. And in the common received opinion of all men, In humido & calido consistit vita.

That which is spoken of divers kindes of Insecta, that there is no bloud to be found in them, it is to be understood to be meant of true perfect and naturall bloud, but of necessitie they must have in stead thereof some kind of humour in them, that hath the qualitie of bloud, viz. that is both hot and moist, as aforesaid, else can they not live.

Concerning Animals in generall, it is not to be doubted but that all sorts of them, as well those of savage and ravenous kind, as those of domisticall and labouring kind, as also venemous Serpents, of themselves and of their owne nature, were themselves good, and might be good to others, and profitable for mans use; forasmuch as it is said, Et vidit Elohim quod bo∣num: But in that they are now become noisome, and painefull to man, that is per Accidens; for this is occasioned by the sinne and transgression of Man, whereby all things became accursed for his sake.

The utilitie or benefit that commeth to Man by these Terrestriall Animals is twofold; the one, pertaining to the body, the other, to the Soule. The corporall benefit that commeth to man by them, who knoweth not? For daily experience sheweth us how beneficiall the use of Horses, Oxen, Kine, Calves, Sheep, and other sorts of Beast and Cattel of all sorts, are for the service of Man: whereof some serve us for food, some for rayment, some for carriage, some for tillage, and other for divers other uses. Of this use of them Moses saith, That God hath subjected all things to man; Omnia subjecisti sub pedibus ejus, &c. And made him Ruler over the Fishes of the Sea, the Fouls of the ayre, and the Beasts of the Land: whereby he giveth us to understand, that all sorts of Animals were created for the divers uses of man, and each one of them ordained to a severall end. But their spiri∣tuall use is far more noble and excellent, by how much the soule surpas∣seth the body in dignity and worthiness.

And their use consisteth not alone in this, that by the consideration of them we are led to the knowledg of God, and of his wisedome, power and goodnesse (for this use hath all things else that are created) as appeareth Rom. 1. and elsewhere: But also that in these Animals God hath propo∣sed to us such notable examples of imitation, in respect of vices to be es∣chewed; that the sacred Scriptures excepted, there is no morall pre∣cepts can better instruct us than these Animals do, which are daily in our view, and of which we have daily use: amongst these we may produce some examples of Fishes and Foules, but many more may we gather from Terrestriall Animals. And to the end we should shunne the ignorance of things,* 1.541 such especially as are celestiall, David, the kingly Prophet, propos∣eth to us for examples, the Horse and Mule saying, Non eritis sicut Equus & Mulus in quibus non est intellectus.

Like as naturall Philosophy consisteth in other things, so doth it chiefely in the knowledg of Animals, viz. in the understanding of their wisedome, natures and properties, which knowledge hath beene approved by God himselfe from the beginning, and not onely approved but also ordained, and given to Adam; for Moses saith, God brought these Animals unto Adam to the end that he should advisedly view and consider them. To the end that Adam should give them names answerable to their shapes, natures, proportion, and qualities. And that the imposition of these names should not be casually or at adventure (for God abhoreth all disorder and

confusion) but deliberately and according to reason: So as every thing might be aptly distinguished from other, by their particular names, and according to their severall natures and dispositions: And that for our be∣nefit; That we hearing their names, and understanding their significati∣ons may be led to the understanding of their naturall properties, for which Etymologie, or true interpretation and derivation of words is very behovefull and of great use.

The Parts contained are Humours and Spirits, whereof onely the first is used in Coat-armours, wherein are represented sometimes Drops of bloud,* 1.542 and sometimes Tears, which both are naturally Humors contained, though in Armory they are supposed no longer to be contained, but shed forth. The Bearing of this Humour, Bloud,* 1.543 is understood to be evermore borne Drop-meale (as I may so term it) or by Drops. Which manner of bearing is in Blazon termed Gutte, of the Latine word Guttae, which signifieth a Drop of any thing that is either by Nature liquid, or liquefied by Art. These Drops do receive a different manner of Blazon according unto their diffe∣rent colour, or diversity of the substance, whereof they do consist; as by example shall appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Gutte de Sang.* 1.544 by the name of Lemming. These Drops are seldome borne of them∣selves alone, but rather upon or with some other kind of Charge, either ordinary or extraordinary, or else dividedly, by means of the interposition of some of the lines of Partition hereafter to be handled. These are termed Guttae de Sang. Quia ex guttis san∣guinis constant; Because they signifie Drops of Bloud; wherein the life consisteth. And if the bloud of those who boast of their Generous bloud should once drop forth of their veines, no difference should appear betwixt it and the meanest mans bloud; unlesse perhaps it be in this, that usually it is more corrupt and vitiated, whereas in the poorer sort it is more healthfull and pure. Which should teach such great ones not to prize their bloud at too high a rate. But rather to excell others in vertues, since they cannot surpasse in that humor, which is alike in all: and if they look in the first originals of both sorts, they shall find that Adam was the first Ancestor of the Poore, as well as of the Mighty, and so the one of them as anciently de∣scended as the other.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Gutte de Sang. a Crosse, Gules,* 1.545 by the name of Fitz. of Fitzford in the County of Devon. This is the most principall and predominant humor whereby the life of all Animals, is nourished and continued, and whose defect bringeth present death. For the life of all flesh is his bloud, it is joyned with his life: Therefore I said unto the Children of Is∣rael, Ye shall eat the bloud of no flesh, for the life of all flesh is the bloud thereof, whosoever eateth shall be cut off.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Gutte de Larmes, or de Lar∣mettes, a Cheuron voided, Sable, by the name of St. Maure. This is that other humor before mentioned: and this bearing is called Gutte de Larmes, Quia ex La∣crymatum guttis constant, because they represent Drops of Teares falling, these Gutte, are alwayes under∣stood to be of colour blew.

* 1.546In blazoning of Coat-armours charged with drops, you must evermore consider the substance whereof they are, and to give them a denomination accordingly; so shall you not need to name their colour at all, forasmuch as by their sub∣stance their colours are easily conceived, whereof I will give you some few examples in these Escocheons next following; which albeit they may seem to be unduly bestowed with these, yet in respect of their uniforme manner of bearing, to wit, by drops (as the former) I have chosen rather to sort them together with these; than to bestow them confusedly under seve∣rall heads.

* 1.547

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Turnip, Proper, a chiefe, Or, Gutte de Larmes. This is a wholesome root, and yeeld∣eth great reliefe to the poore, and prospereth best in an hot sandy ground, and may signifie a person of good disposition, whose vertuous demeanour flourisheth most prosperously even in that soile where the scorching heat of Envy most aboundeth. This differeth much in nature from that whereof it is said, And that there should not be among you any roote that bringeth forth Gall and wormewood.

* 1.548

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, Gutte de Eau, a Canton, Ermyne, by the name of Dannet. This word Eau is a French word, and signifieth the same that Aqua doth in Latine: which is as much to say, He beareth drops of water: if he should blazon it in English, the proper colour thereof is Argent. This had been a worthy Escocheon for a Souldier of that Christian Legion cal∣led Fulminatrix, at whose prayers in a great drouth, God poured downe raine in the sight of the Heathen, as Eusebius testifieth; and yet they were no Fresh-wa∣ter Souldiers, but were as ready to have embrued their Escocheons with drops of bloud, as to have thus sprinkled them with drops of Rain.

* 1.549

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Gutte de Poix, a Chief Nebule, Gules, by the name of Roydenhall. This word Poix is a French word, and is the same that we call Pitch in English. Yet among our English Blazoners these co∣lours and drops are termed Gutte de Sable. This Coate serveth aptly to give warrantize of the bearing of chiefes, consisting of some of the bunched loines before mentioned in the first Section. There are Ordinaries framed of sundry other former sorts of lines, before expressed in the first Section, which I leave to the stricter observation of the curious searchers of those things.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Crosse ingrailed, Sable,* 1.550 charged with Gutte de Or, by the name of Milke field. These drops may be understood to be drops, either fusible or molten, as Gold, either molten in fire, or otherwise liquefied, whereby it may be distilled dropmeale.

Note, that if such kind of Drops be Or,* 1.551 then shall they be taken as representations of fusible or liquid gold: if they be Vert, then shall they be taken to be drops or oyle Olive, as herafter shall appeare, when I shall speake of Coate-Armours, whose fields have no Tincture predomina∣ting.* 1.552 But to returne to the humour of bloud (from which we have upon occasion hitherto digressed) it is infallible that there is no Animal or living creature but hath in it, either bloud or some other kind of hot humor in quality like thereunto, as I have said before.

These humors before mentioned,* 1.553 in respect of their most and fluent na∣ture, doe stand in need of some other thing to containe them: and such containing parts, are either the outmost includer which is the skinne (of which we have already spoken in the first Section, where wee treated of Furres) or the whole body it selfe, with the severall members and parts thereof; all which because they need their supporters; those we will first speake of, and and so descend unto the whole bearings and parts.* 1.554

But I will first shew you an example of the bearing of dead mens sculls, and then proceed to the supporting parts.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron, Gules, three dead mens sculls of the first, by the name of Bolter:* 1.555 this kind of bearing may serve to put both the proper owner of this Coate-Armour,* 1.556 and also the serious spectators of the the same in mind of the mortality of their bodies and last end.

Parts of support whereof we have use in Armes, are those solid substances which sustain the body, viz. the Bones, whereby the body is not onely under∣propped, but also carryed from place to place, by help of their ligatures and Sinewes. Of the use of these in Coat-armour, you shall have examples in these Escocheons next following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable Shin-bone in Pale, surmounted of another in Crosse, Argent, by the name of Baynes.* 1.557 I do give this form of blazon hereunto, because the first lyeth neerer to the Field than the other doth, for they cannot be properly said to be a Crosse of bones, because they be not incorporated one with another, but are dividedly severed by interposing the purflings.

* 1.558

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two Shinne bones Saltire wayes, the Sinister surmounted of the dexter, by the name of Newton of Derbyshire. To this Coate-Armour I give the blazon in the former, for the reason before delive∣red. Concerning bones, Iesus Syrach recording the fame and vertues of Iosua, Caleb and Samuel, saith; Let their bones flourish out of their place, and their names by succession remain in them that are most famous of their children, Eccles. 46.12. And though they seeme like the withered bones in Ezechiels vision, yet shall they revive againe by vertue and power of him who died on the Crosse, and of whom it was said, Not a bone of him shall be broken. Thus in briefe you see the use of these parts of support.

SECT. III. CHAP. XII.

IN following the tract which our Method first chalked out unto us, we are at length come to such Blazons as doe present to the eyes those sensitive things which we called the Containing, because they are the mansion, in which not onely the bloud and spirits, but also the bones (which we named the parts sustaining) are inclosed.* 1.559 These are Animals or living creatures, with their parts and members. An Animal is any substance con∣sisting both of a Body fitted for diverse functions, and of a Soul giving Life, Sense, and Motion.

Animals (saith Zanchius) especially such as do produce a living creature, have a more near resemblance of Man, both as touching the parts of their Bodies, as also concerning the faculties of their mind, and subtilty, and quickness of wit: for their bodies also do consist (like as ours do) of flesh, sinews, Arteries, bones, gristles and skin, &c. In like sort they have head, neck, breasts, back, a chine or back-bone, thighes, legs and feet: As also heart, lights, liver, spleen, guts, and other inward parts as we have; furthermore they do participate with us in our Actions, as to eat, drink, sleep, watch and move: Albeit in many other things they are much un∣like us.

In the handling of Animals, it might be a scruple, whether the bearing of such creatures whole should have precedence in their bearing before their parts, and also in what rank and order the severall kinds of creatures are to be marshalled by us, that thereby the dignity of their bearing may be best conceived; because th•• dignity of those things that are borne in Coat-armour, being truly known, and duly considered, doth not a little illustrate the worthinesse of the Bearers, in the displaying of their Ensignes: for ta∣king away these scruples, I hold it requisite before I proceed to give Ex∣amples, first to set down certain Notes by way of introduction to that which followeth, shewing how the dignity of these Animals, hereafter to be handled, is to be accounted of, either in a relative respect of things of distinct Natures compared one to another, or in a comparative reference of Animals of the same kind each to other.

This dignity cannot be better understood, than by taking a considerate view of that Order,* 1.560 which the Author of all Order, and the most wise and powerfull Disposer of all things, did observe, not onely in the creation

of the celestial, but also of the elementary parts of the World, with their se∣verall Ornaments, wherein be observed a continuall progression from things of lesse perfection, to things more perfect. For was there not a Chaos, without form and void, before it came to that admirable beauty whereof it is said, Loe, it was very good? In the Celestial, the Sun (the glory thereof) was made after the Firmament, and the Night was before the Day. In the inferi∣our bodies, the vegetables, as Trees,* 1.561 were made before sensitive and living crea∣tures: and amongst these, the Fishes (which have neither breath nor voice, and therefore imperfecter) were before the Foules: and both of them before terrestrial creatures; and all of all sorts before Man, made after Gods Image, for whose service all other things were made, as he was made for Gods Service. Moreover, in the creation of Man, the Body was before the Soul, which yet is a thing incomparably of more perfection.

By this rude draught of God and Natures admirable Method,* 1.562 you may conceive the natural dignity of those creatures, as often as they shall occur in Armorie. But as Art hath not alwayes the same end which Nature hath (be∣cause the one intendeth the being, the other the knowing of things) so is not the Method of both alwayes alike in attaining their ends: for Natures processe is à simplicibus ad composita, from the single parts to the whole, where∣as Art descendeth from the compounds to the simples: in imitation where∣of, we shall in this our progresse, follow this course; that first every whole bearing of any Animal shall precede, and then such parts and members thereof ••s usually are borne;* 1.563 for so every one that first hath seen the whole, will discerne the parts the better, whereas he that seeth a part (ha∣ving never seen the whole) knoweth not whereof it is a part. And in Coat-armour the whole bearing of Animals is most worthy,* 1.564 yet is not the bearing of parts to be misliked, but if we consider both the one and the other re∣spectively, then doth the whole bearing far surmount the parts in honour and dignity.

Neither must we here precisely esteem the worth of every bearing by this order of Nature,* 1.565 because Art doth sometimes stamp a peculiar note of dignity; for some particular respect, as for some especiall use, quality, or action in the things. And this Dignity or Nobility may have a twofold re∣lation; the one, betwixt Animals of divers kinds, as a Lyon and a Spaniel, a Woolfe and a Lambe; the other, betwixt things of one kind, as whelps of one litter, whereof yet one may be nobler than the other; as the one will run to the Chase, the other to the Pottage Pot. And forasmuch as the living things before mentioned, as well vegetable as sensitive, have their peculiar vertues worthy imitation, as also their particular vices to be es∣chewed, and that it is a chief glory to Gentlemen of Coat-Armour, to have their vertues displaied under the types and forms of such things as they bear, it is to be wished that each one of them would considerately examine the commendable properties of such significant tokens as they do bear, and do his best to manifest to the world that he hath the like in him∣self: for it is rather a dishonour than a praise for a man to bear a Lyon on his Shield, if he bear a Sheep in his Heart, or a Goose in his Brain: being therein like those Ships which bear the names of Dreadnought, Victory, and the like, though sometimes it speed with them contrary to their Titles. A true generous mind will endeavour that for his selfe-vertues he may be esteemed, and not insist onely upon the fame and merits of his Progeni∣tors, the praise whereof is due to them, and not to him.

Nam genus, & proavos, & quae non fecimus ipsi, Vix ea nostra voco,

—Ovid. Met. Lib. 13. Verse 140.

Great Birth, and bloud, and Ancestors high worth, Call them not thine, but what thy self bringst forth.

And now we will proceed to some particular precepts, concerning things Sensitive borne in Coat-Armour. Wherein first observe, that all sorts of Ani∣mals borne in Armes, or Ensignes, must in Blazoning be interpreted in the best sense, that is according to their most Generous and noble Qualities, and so to the greatest honour of their Bearers. For example; the Fox is full of wit,* 1.566 and withall given wholly to Filching for his prey: If then this be the Charge of an Escocheon; we must conceive the quality represented, to be his wit and cunning, but not his Pilfering and Stealing, and so of all other. All Beasts of Savage and fierce nature, must be figured & set forth in their most noble and fierce action; as a Lyon erected bolt upright, his Mouth wide open, his clawes extended (as if he were prepared to rent and teare;) for with his Teeth and Clawes he doth exercise his fiercenesse: In this form he is said to possesse his Vigor and Courage: and being thus formed he is said to be Rampand. Action doth the Prophet David approve to be proper to a Lyon, Psal. 22. Where describing the cruelty of the wicked towards him, he saith, They raged upon me with their mouths, as it were a Ramping and Roaring Lyon. A Leopard or Wolfe, must be portraied going (as it were) Pedetentim, step by step; which forme of action (saith Chassaneus) fitteth their naturall dispo∣sition, and is tearmed Passant: All sorts of placable or Gentle-nature, must be set forth according to the most noble and kindly action of every of them as a Horse running or vaulting, a Greyhound coursing, a Deere tripping, a Lambe going, with a smooth and easie pace, &c.

And concerning the true placing of Animals of whatsoever kinds in Ar∣mory according to order,* 1.567 Art and the propriety of their nature; The use of the thing whereupon they are to be placed or depicted, must be first con∣sidered of, and so must they be placed accordingly; whether they be borne bolt upright, passant, or tripping, or howsoever.

As if they be to be placed in Banners they must be so placed as that it be agreeable to the naturall quality of the thing that is borne,* 1.568 Ars enim imi∣tatur naturam in quantum potest: therefore sithence it is proper for a Banner to be carryed upon a staffe, according to the use thereof the staffe doth proceed, and the Banner cometh after: Therefore ought the face to look towards the staffe, that is, directly forwards. So is it likewise in every o∣ther thing whose parts are distinguished per Ante, & Post; in such the fore∣part of the thing borne shall be placed towards the staffe: otherwise it would seem retrograde or going backwards, which were monstrous to behold.

* 1.569If a man do bear onely the head of some Animal (then most commonly) the forepart thereof cannot aptly regard the staffe, but is borne sidewayes chiefly being full faced, whether it be the head of Ram, Bull, &c.

As touching the orderly placing of the feet of Animals, this is a generall Rule, that the right foot must be placed formost, Quia dextra pars est prin∣cipium motus. And withall it is the most noble part in regard it is the stron∣ger and more Active, and therefore thus to describe them, is to set them forth in their commendablest fashion; for Dispositio laudatissima Animalis est, ut in omnibus dispositionibus, suis sit secundum cursum naturae: that is the best disposition of every creature, which is most agreeable to nature.

But here you must observe, that in a Banner,* 1.570 that which is made for the one side, will seem to be the left foot on the contraryside, but that chanceth by accident. And therefore the side next to him that beareth the Banner must be chiefly respected, that the same be formed right in regard of him; like as it is in writing, that side next to the writer is according to order, whereas if we turn the paper, all falleth out after a preposterous fashion. Therefore we must chiefly respect the side next the Bearer, let the rest fall out as it shall.

Armes are sometimes depicted or embroidered upon the Garments of Men, and chiefly upon the uppermost vesture of Military persons: Espe∣cially Emperours, Kings, and their Generals, and other Commanders in Milita∣ry services, used to cast over their Armou••s a kind of short habit, as a Jacket, Mandylian, or such like, whereupon their Armes were richly beautified and curiously wrought. To the end, that in time of service, their Souldiers who could not be directed by the eare (by reason of the far distance that was oftentimes upon occasion between them and their commander) they might by their eye be instructed according to the necessity of the present service, and might by occular observation of their commander (being so eminently clad) know and discerne their fit times and opportunities of marching, making a stand, assailing, retiring, and other their like duties, whereupon this kind of short garment was called a Coat-armour, because it was worn aloft upon their Armour. And it was called Paludamentum, quia ex eo gestans tale vestimentum palam fiebat omnibus. Such was the Coat-armour of Alexander that he left in Elymais in the Country of Persia, whereof men∣tion is made, where it is said,* 1.571 Now when King Antiochus travelled through the high Countries, he heard that Elymais in the country of Persia was a City greatly renowned for riches, silver and gold. And that there was in it a very rich Temple,* 1.572 wherein were coverings of Gold, Coat-armours and harnesse, which Alexander, King of Macedonia the son of Philip that raigned first in Grecia, had left there.

For proof that Emperours used to wear Coat-armours, it shall be to good purpose to produce the verball testimony of Baysius; speaking in these words, Fertur eo die Crassum non purpure, ut Romanorum Imperatorum mos erat, paludamento ad Milites processisse, sed pallio nigro.

And further the same Author saith, Paludamentum vero fuisse Imperato∣rum planum fit ex Tranquillo in Caesare,* 1.573 qui Alexandriae circa oppugnationem pontis, eruptione hostium subita compulsus in scapham, pluribus eodem praecipi∣tantibus cum desiliisset in mare, nando per ducentos passus evasit ad proximam navem elata laeva, ne Libelli, quos tenebat, madefierent, paludamentum mordicus trahens ne spolio potiretur hostis.

Of all creatures apt to generation and corruption Animals are most wor∣thy. All Beasts have a naturall, and greedy desire for the supply of their wants, insomuch as for the attaining thereof, they do rore, bellow, bray, and cry out exceedingly.

All Beasts of Savage and harmfull kind, are naturally armed with some thing wherewith they may hurt a man, for which they are reckoned dan∣gerous to be shunned. As the Boare, with Tuskes, the Lyon with Tallans, the Stag with Hornes, the Serpent with Poyson, &c.

Notwithstanding that the Bearing of things properly (whether vegetable or sensitive) is specially commended,* 1.574 yet must not such peculiar commen∣dation be extended to derogate from the dignity of other Bearings, as if they were of no esteem, in regard they be not borne property: for there are

as good and honourable intendments in these as in them, data p••ritate gestantium, if they be as ancient as the former; and their Bearers of equall estate and dignitie; which is not the least respect that must be holden in the esteem of Coat-Armour,* 1.575 Quia Arma nobilitatem sumunt à persona gestantis: Armes are honoured by the Bearers. And sometimes the variation from the pro∣perty may be of purpose to prevent some other quality, which may be no lesse honourable than the proper. Besides, it is one thing to beare a living creature in colour or in action diverse from Nature; and another, to beare him repugnant or contrarie to Nature;* 1.576 for the former may be borne com∣mendably, but this latter sort of Bearing is holden desgracefull, or rather is condemned for false Armes, and therefore not worthy of Bearing. In the Blazoning of things borne in their naturall Colour, whether the same be celestiall, except the Sunne, Moone and Stars, or sublunar, it sufficeth to say, He beareth this Comet, Meteor, Beast, Birde, Fish, Fowle, Plant, Tree, Herbe, Flower. &c. Proper, without naming of any Colour, for by proper, is evermore understood his naturall colours, and for the Sun and Stars when they be of the colour of the Metall, Or, which is their naturall colour, it sufficeth to say a Sun, or Star, without adding the word proper, or Or. And so it is of the Moone, when she is Argent, which in Heraldrie is holden her proper colour.

* 1.577As touching the Dignity of things borne in Coat-armour, I have alrea∣dy shewed how the same is to be reckoned in the Order of Nature, but if it be considered according to vulgar estimation, then we must hold this for an observation that seldome faileth, that sith every particular Empire, Kingdome and Nation have their distinct Ensigns of their Soveraign juris∣diction, look what Beast, Bird, Fish, Fowle, Serpent, &c. he that swayeth the Soveraignty doth bear for his Royall Ensign in each particular Nati∣on, the same is accounted there to be of greatest dignity. So is the Bearing of the Lyon chiefly esteemed with us in England, because he is borne by his Majesty, for the Royall Ensign of his Highness Imperiall Soveraignty over us: So is the Bearing of the Eagle esteemed amongst the Germans: and in like sort the Flowers de lis, amongst the French-men. Four-footed Beasts, whether they be borne Proper, or Discoloured (that is to say, va∣rying from their Naturall colour) are to be esteemed more worthy of Bearing in Coat-armour than either Fishes or Fowles are, in regard they do contain in them more worthy and commendable Significations of No∣bility. Amongst things Sensitive, the Males are of more worthy bearing than the Females. Some men perhaps will tax me of inconsideration, in not treading the usuall steps of Armorists in the handling of these sensible creatures, for that I do not prefer the Lyon (in respect of his regall Sove∣raignty) before all other terrestrials. For clearing of my self in this point, I must plead, that the project of my prescript method hath tyed me to another forme, and doth enforce me to prefer other Beasts in place, before those which otherwise are preferred in dignity. And albeit I cannot say there was any priority of time in the Creation of Beasts, because God spake the word and it was done, he commanded and they were created; neverthe∣lesse in regard of discipline, there is a priority to be observed; wherein those things that do promise us a more easie access to the distinct know∣ledge and understanding of the succeeding documents,* 1.578 ought to have the precedence.

* 1.579The order that I prefix to my self in treating of these Beasts, shall con∣cur

with the Table of this present Section, as first to set down Animals of all sorts living upon the Earth: Secondly, such as live above the Earth, as Foules: Thirdly, Watery Creatures: and lastly, Man. And because of the first sort, some are Gressible, having feet, and some creeping or gliding as Serpents: we will begin with the Gressible; and first with such beasts as have their feet solid or Undivided, or (as I may tearm them) Inarticu∣late; that is to say, without toes; then will I proceed to such as have their feet cleft in two, and lastly to Beasts that have their feet divided in∣to many.

SECT. III. CHAP. XIII.

HAving delivered divers Rules and Observations concerning living things and their parts in genere,* 1.580 I will now annex such examples as may demonstrate these severall sorts of bearing, forasmuch as demon∣strations give life and light to ambiguous and doubtfull Precepts, as Ari∣stotle Ethic. 7. noteth, saying, Demonstrationes sunt perfectiores & nobiliores, quando inducuntur post orationes dubitab••les: Demonstrations are ever best, af∣ter doubtfull passages. Of these briefly, as in the next Escocheon.* 1.581 The in∣vention of Armes wherein Beasts or their parts are borne, are borrowed (saith Sir John Ferne) from the Hunnes, Hungarians, Scythians and Saxons, cruell and most fierce Nations, who therefore delighted in the bearing of Beasts of like nature in their Armes, as Lyons, Bears, Wolves, Hyenes, and such like; which fashion likewise came into these our Countries when those barbarous people over-ran with conquest the West part of Europe. Now to the end that the Rules, and Observations formerly set down, may receive both life and warrant by Presidents, I will now exemplifie them in their order. And first of whole-footed Beasts with their Members.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, an Elephant passant, Argent, Tusked, Or, by the name of Elphinston. Concerning these Armes that are formed of Beasts, it is to be ob∣served, that generally those are reputed more noble which do consist of whole Beasts, than are those that are formed of their parts: yet sometimes the parts may be given for some such speciall services as may be no lesse honourable than the whole bearing. The Elephant is a Beast of great Strength, but greater Wit, and greatest Ambition;* 1.582 insomuch that some have written of them, that if you praise them, they will kill themselves with labor; and if you commend another above them, they will break their hearts with emulation. The beast is so proud of his strength, that he never bowes himself to any (neither indeed can he) and when he is once down (as it usually is with proud Great ones) he cannot rise up a∣gain.* 1.583 It was the manner of such as used the force of Elephants (in set Bat∣tels) to provoke them to fight by laying before them things of Scarlet or Crimson Colour to make them more furious: as we may see, 1 Mac. 6.34. And to provoke the Elephants for to fight,* 1.584 they shewed them the bloud of Grapes and Mulberries. Furthermore they were placed in the strength and heart of the battell, as in the same Chapter appeareth, where it is said, And they set the beasts according to their ranges, so that by every Elephant there stood a

thousand men armed with coats of maile, and Helmets of brasse upon their heads; and unto every Beast were ordained five hundred Horsemen of the best, Verse 35. Which were ready at all times wheresoever the beast was: and whithersoever the beast went, they went also and departed not from him, verse 36. The hugenesse and incomparable strength of this beast,* 1.585 may be conceived by this, that he bare thirty two fighting men in strong Towers of wood fastened up∣on his back. As we may see expresly set down in the same Chapter in these words: And upon them were strong Towers of wood that covered every beast, which were fastned thereon with instruments: and upon every one were thirty two men that fought in them, and the Indian that ruled him, Ver. 37.

* 1.586

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Parted per Pale, Sable, and Argent, three Elephants heads counter-changes, by the name of Saunders, a Family of good Eminence in Northampton∣shire, Buckingham, London, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Fesse, Gules, between three Elephants heads, Erased, Sable, and is borne by the name of Fountaine, and is the Coat-Armour of John Fountaine Esquire, Serjeant at Law, and now one of the Commissioners of the great Seal of Eng∣land, 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Fesse, between three Ele∣phants heads, Erased, Argent, as many Mullets of the first, by the name of Pratte. When any part is thus borne with ligges, like pieces of the flesh or skin, depending, it is termed erasing, of the Latine word erade, to scrape or rent off, or of the French, Arrasher, the same signification. This being the first place of such bearing, I thought good here to observe that this Erasing and Couping are the two common acci∣dents of parts borne. Couping is when a part is cut off smooth, as in this next example.

* 1.587

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Purpure, the Proboscide, Trunke, or Snout of an Elephant, in Pale, Couped, Flexed and Re∣flexed, after the form of a Roman S, Or. Bara, Pag. 147. setteth down this for the Coat of Cyneus King of Scythia, where also he noteth that Idomenes King of Thessaly, the sonne of Deucalion did beare, Gules, a Proboscide of an Elephant after this manner, Argent. The Elephant hath great strength in this part, and useth it for his Hand, and all other uses of agility, wherein Nature hath recompensed the unaptnesse

of his legs, which other beasts do use to such services. The Roman H stories, do relate of an Elephant of a huge greatnesse carryed in a shew about Rome, which (as it passed by) a little boy pryed in his Proboscis, therewith being enraged he cast up the child a great height, but received him again on his Snowt, and laid him down gently without any hurt, as if the beast had considered, that for a childish fault, a childish fright were revenge e∣nough.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse,* 1.588 between three Horses pas∣sant, Argent, by the name of Stamp. A horse erected boult upright, may be termed enraged, but his no∣blest action, is expressed in a Saliant form. This of all beasts for mans uses, is a most noble and behovefull, either in Peace or War. And sith his service and cou∣rage in the Field is so eminent, it may be marvelled why the Lyon should be esteemed a more honourable bearing. But the reason is, because the Horses service and strength is principally by help of his Rider, whereas the Lyons is his own: and if the Horse be not mounted, he fights averse, turning his heeles to his adversary, but the Lyon encounters affront, which is more manly. It is observed of the Horse (as also of other whole-footed beasts) that their Legs are at the first as long as ever they will be: and therefore young Foales scratch their Eares with their hinder foot, which after they cannot do, because their Legs do grow onely in bignesse, but not in length, Plin. lib. 11. cap. 48.

The Horse is a beast naturally stubborne, fierce, hauty, proud and inso∣lent, and of all beasts there is none that vanteth more after victory obtai∣ned, or dejected if he be vanquished, none more prone in battell or desi∣rous of revenge.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Horse head couped, Argent,* 1.589 by the name of Marshe. The neighing of the Horse is a token of his great courage, as appeareth, Job 29. Hast thou given the Horse strength, or covered his neck with neighing? Whose fiercenesse also he singularly descri∣beth thus: He swalloweth the ground for fierceness and rage, and he believeth not that it is the noise of the Trum∣pet. He saith among the Trumpets Ha, Ha; He smelleth the battell a far off, and the noise of the Captains and shoutings.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, on a Canton, Sable,* 1.590 a Horse-head, Couped, Argent, with a Bit and Rains, Gules, by the name of Brixton. The undantable courage of the horse, Job in the fore-cited Chapter doth por∣tray most lively, saying: Hast thou made him affraid as the Grashopper? His strong neighing is fearfull. He diggeth the valley, and rejoyceth in his strength, and go∣eth forth to meet the Harnessed man. He moketh at fear and is not affraid, and turneth not back from the sword: Though the quiver rattle against him, the glittering Spear and the Shield. To govern him, no lesse needfull is the Bit and Rains some∣times to hold him in, than is the Spur to put him forward: and therefore David likens an unruly man, to a horse, which thou must keep in with bit and bridle, lest he fall upon thee.

* 1.591

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, betweene three Asses Passant, Sable, by the name of Askewe. The Asse is the lively Embleme of patience, whom therefore our blessed Saviour (being Patience and humility it selfe) honored with his owne riding: which have made some to fancy ever since that time, that the blacke line on the ridge of all Asses backes, thwarted with the like over both the Shoulders, is stampt on them as the Marke of his Crosse whereon he was to shew his pati∣ence by suffering for us.

* 1.592

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, an Asse head Erased, Sable, by the name Hocknell of Cheshire. In the second of the Kings we read that Benhadad King of Aram, did beset the Citie of Samaria with his Host, and laid so straight siege thereunto, as that an Asses head (which as it seemeth was reckoned amongst things of least esteeme) was valued at fourescore pieces of Silver. Which perhaps gave occasion to the old Proverbe: Asini caput ne laves Nitro: Wash not an Asses head with Niter; which is a matter white like salt and full of holes as a Spunge: whereby we are admonished not to bestow our time, charge, and travell in matters of small moment: and not (as we say in our English proverbe) make more adoe about the broth than the meat is worth.

* 1.593

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Mule passant, Argent, by the name of Moile. The generation of Mules seemeth to be the invention of Anah the sonne of Zibeon. For it is said, Genesis 36. This was Anah that found Mules in the wildernesse, as he fed his Father Zibeons Asses. Who not contented with those kinds of beasts which God had created, found out the monsterous generation of Mules betweene an Asse and a Mare. A Mule depicted passant; hath his chiefest grace.

SECT. III. CHAP. XIV.

AFter Beasts whole footed, succeed those, who are cloven-footed, whether into two parts or more.* 1.594 And first, for those which have their feet divided into two parts onely, they are for the most part Armed with hornes, as the following examples shall illustrate. And by the way this must be noted, that these horned beasts, besides that their members are borne Cou∣ped, and Erased, (like other beasts) have also their heads borne Trunked: Which of some Armorists is blazoned Cahossed of the word Cabo, which in the Spanish Language doth signifie a head, which forme of blazon giveth us to understand that it is the head of some such beast, borne sole, and of it selfe, having no part of the neck thereto adherent; an accident that sel∣dome befalleth beasts of other kinds, which most usually are borne with the neck conjoyned. Which forme or bearing you shall hereafter see in due place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a bend, Sable, three Calves,* 1.595 Or, by the name of Veale. If these Calves live to weare Hornes which differ either in Metall or in colour from the rest of the body, then must there be speciall men∣tion of such difference in blazoning, as you shall see in the next example. Pliny saith, that Nature seemed to sport her self in making such varietie of hornes of beasts, as so many severall kindes of weapons, where∣with they come armed into the Field; for in some she hath made knagged and branched, as in the Red and Fallow deere; In other plaine and uniforme without Tines, as in Spitters, a kind of Stags which thereupon are called in Latine Subulones, and that their hornes are like to the blade of a Shoomakers Awle; but of all other, the hornes of the Bull may most properly be called his Armes, they being of so piercing and violent a stroke, as hardly can be resisted.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, a Bull passant, Gules,* 1.596 Armed and unguled, Or, by the name of Bevill. The Bull is the ringleader amongst ruther beasts, and through hope of his increase of breed, he is priviledged to range in all pastures with free ingresse and egresse. The Bull being gelt changeth both his nature and name, and is called an Oxe. The Athenians to signifie their gratefulnesse for the laborious travell of the Oxe, did stampe the similitude of an Oxe upon a cer∣tain coine which they called Didrachma, which piece contained two Drachmaes, which maketh of our money little more than Elevenpence halfepenny. Whereupon this Proverbe was grounded, Per lin∣guam bos inambulat: The Oxe walketh up and downe with the tongue. Reproving thereby the dishonesty of those Advocates (that having received bribes of the adverse part) doe from thenceforth seeke to pervert and poison the cause of their Client, either by betraying of his cause to his Adversary, or else by not pleading, or by covenous pleading, utterly to defeat his Cly∣ents right. Ab his & similibus serva nos Domine.

The bearing of a Bull or the head thereof, is a note of valour or magna∣nimity, where contrariwise the bearing of an Oxe, or the head thereof, deno∣teth faintness of courage, as Ʋpton noteth, that their first bearers were either gelt persons, or such as had some notable defect in the generative parts, as that thereby they became altogether unfit for procreation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Bulls head erased, Sable, by the name of Carselack. The Bulls head may signifie a man inraged with desire of revenge, whom nothing can satisfie but the utter spoile and ruine of his ad∣versarie. The strength of the head and the Necke of a Bull is very great, and his forehead seemeth to be made for fright, insomuch as hee is of some thought to be named Taurus à torvitate, in respect of his sterne and gastly looke: his hornes are strong and sharpe, wherewith he tosseth great and weighty beasts into the aire, and receiveth them againe, doubling their elevation with renew∣ed rage and strength, untill they be utterly confounded.

* 1.597

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Luna, a Cheuron, Mars, between three Bulls heads, Couped, Saturne, Armed, Sol. This Coate-Armour pertaineth to the Right Noble Family of Tho∣mas Bulleine Lord Hoo and Hastings, Vicount Rochford, who was created Earle of Wiltshire, and of Ormond, by the renowned King of famous memorie Henry the Eighth, who married the vertuous and beautious Lady Anne, daughter of the same Earle, and Mother to the most Glorious Queene Elizabeth: the memorie of whose long, most prosperous and flourishing Go∣vernment, be blessed and eternized to all future posterities.

* 1.598

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheueron between three Bulls Heads trunked or cabossed, Argent. Armed, Or, by the name of Baynham. Bara a good French Armorist useth neither of these words at all; but blazoneth it a Bulles head onely: because any head thus borne, is under∣stood to be so cut of, as no part of the necke be ap∣pendant to the same.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Goate, passant, Argent, by the name of Baker. The Goat is not so hardy as politicke, therefore that Martiall man which useth more policy than valour in atchieving a victory, may very aptly beare for his Coate-Armour this Beast.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, on a Fesse, counter Battilee be∣tween three Goats passant, Argent, as many Pellets, and is borne by the name of Man, of which Family is many worthy Gentlemen in this City. And there are of this name that vary the Pellets to Torteuxes. Now I will shew you an Example of the bearing the heads of this beast.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermyne, a Goats head Erased, Gules, Attired, Or, by the name of Gotley: by this Blazon you may observe how you ought to terme the hornes of a Goat in Armory, when you find they differ in met∣tall or Colour from the beast, or that particular part of the beast which is borne. The Philosophers write, that the bloud of a Goate will mollifie the Diamond.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, a Fesse, wavee, between three Goats heads erased, Argent, and is borne by the name of Sedley, of which Family are Sir Charles Sedley of Southfleet, and Sir John Sedley of Saint Cleers in Ightam in Kent, Baronets, of Hartford-shire also, and Norfolke.

Sithence we are now come to treat of beasts of the Forrests, I hold it fit to speak somewhat in my first entry of their Numbers, Names, Qualities, Royalties, Armings, Footings, Degrees of age, &c. according as they are termed of skilfull Forresters and Woodmen. And first of their kinds.

Of Beasts of the Forrest, some are Beasts of

• ...Venery.
• ...Chase.

Of Beasts of Venery there are five kinds, viz. the

• ...Hart.
• ...Hynde.
• ...Hare.
• ...Boare.
• ...Wolfe.

As old Woodmen have anci∣ently ter∣med them.

These have been accounted properly Wild Beasts of the Forrest, or beasts of Venery. These beasts are also called Sylvestres (Scil.) beasts of the Wood or Forrest, because they do haunt the Woods more than the Plaines.

Proper Names, Seasons, Degrees and Ages of Beasts of the Forrest and of Chase.

Wherefore you shall understand that the

• First
• Second
• Third
• Fourth
• Fifth
• Sixth.

years, you shall call them

• Hind or Calfe.
• ...Brockett.
• ...Spayade.
• ...Staggarde.
• ...Stagge.
• ...Hart.

But here by the way we must observe that some ancient Writers do re∣port, that in times past Forresters were wont to call him a Stag at the fourth year, and not a Staggard, as we do now; and at the fifth year they called him a great Stag: And so they were wont to distinguish his severall ages by these words, Stag and great Stag.

The knowledge of the Ordure or excrements of every beast of Venery and chase is necessary to be observed, because their ordures are a princi∣pall note whereby good Forresters and Woodmen do know and observe the place of their haunt and feeding, and also their estate. And therefore it is a thing highly to be observed, for that a Forrester or Woodman in making his reports shall be constrained to rehearse the same.

The Ordure of a

• Hart 1
• Hare 2
• Boare 3
• Fox and 4
• all Vermine

is tearmed

• 1 Fumets or fimashing of all Deere.
• 2 Crottelles or Crotizing.
• 3 Lesses.
• 4 Fiantes.

Terme of footing or treading of all beasts of Venery and Chase.

That of a

• ...Hart
• Buck and all
• ...Fallow Deere
• ...Beare

is termed

• ...Slot.
• ...View.
• Tract or
• ...Treading.

That of an Hare is termed accor∣ding to her seve∣rall courses, for when she keepeth In plain fields, and chaseth about to de∣ceive the Hounds: Beateth the plaine High-way where you may yet per∣ceive her footing, it is said she

• ...〈◊〉〈◊〉
• ...Pricke••••.

Termes of the Tayle.

That of a

• 1 Hart
• 2 Buck, Roe, or a∣ny other Deere
• 3 Boare
• 4 Fox
• 5 Wolfe
• 6 Hare and Coney

is termed his

• 1 Tayle.
• 2 Single.
• 3 Wreath.
• 4 Bush, or holy water sprinkle.
• 5 Sterne.
• 6 Scutte.

The fat of all sorts of Deere is called Sueete. Also it may be very well said, This Deere was a high Deeres Greace.

The fat of a

• ...Roe
• Boare and
• ...Hare.

is termed

• ...Bevy Greace.
• ...Greace.

You shall say that a

• ...Hart
• ...Buck
• ...Roe
• ...Hare
• ...Conie
• ...Fox

• ...Harboureth.
• ...Lodgeth.
• ...Beddeth.
• Seateth or Formeth.
• ...Sitteth.
• ...Kenneleth.

You shall say a

• ...Deere
• ...Hare
• ...Fox

• is broken.
• ...Cased.
• ...Ʋncased.

You shall say

• ...Dislodge
• ...Start
• ...Ʋnkennel
• ...Rowse
• ...Bowlt

the

• ...Buck.
• ...Hare.
• ...Fox.
• ...Hart.
• ...Cony.

You shall say

• 1 Hart or Buck
• 2 Roe
• 3 Boare
• 4 Hart or Conie
• 5 Fox
• 6 Wolfe.

goeth to his the

• 1 Rule.
• 2 Tourne.
• 3 Brymme.
• 4 Buck.
• 5 Clicketting.
• 6 Match, or to his Make.

Termes excogitated and used by Forresters;

You shall say, a

• ...Hart
• ...Buck
• ...Roe
• Hare & Conie
• ...Fox
• ...Wolfe.

• ...Belloweth.
• ...Growneth.
• ...Belleth.
• Beateth, or Tappeth.
• ...Barketh.
• ...Howleth.

You shall say, a

• ...Litter of Cubs.
• ...Nest of Rabbets.

Skilfull Forresters and good Woodmen.

Do use to say, a

• ...Heard
• ...Heard
• ...Bevy
• ...Sounder
• ...Kowte
• ...Riches
• ...Brace, or Lease
• ...Brace, or Lease
• ...Brace, or Lease
• ...Couple

Of

• ...Harts.
• All manner of Deere.
• ...Roes.
• ...Swyne.
• ...Wolves.
• ...Marternes.
• ...Bucks.
• ...Foxes.
• ...Hares.
• Rabbets or Conies.

These are apt termes of Hunting pertaining both to Beasts of Venery and of Chase.

Whereas some men are of opinion that a Stag of what age soever he be, shall not be called a Hart, untill the King or Queen have hunted him,* 1.599 that is not so: for after the fifth year of his Age, you shall no more call him a Stag but a Hart. So then at six years old he is called a Hart. Now if the King or Queen do hunt or chase him, and he escape away alive,* 1.600 then after such hunting or chasing, he is called a Hart Royall.

Note that if this Hart be by the King or Queen so hunted or chased that he be forced out of the Forrest, so far, that it is unlike that he will of him∣self return thitherto again, and then the King or Queen giveth him over, either for that he is weary, or because he cannot recover him; for that such a Hart hath shewed the King pastime for his delight, and is also (as Budeus noteth) Eximius Cervus, a goodly Hart, and for that the King would have him return to the Forrest again; he causeth open proclamation to be made in all Towns and Villages near to the place where the same Hart so remaineth. That no manner of person or persons shall kill, hurt,* 1.601 hunt or chase him, but that he may safely return to the Forrest again from whence he came. And then ever after such a Hart is called a Hart Royall proclay∣med.

So that there are three sorts of Harts, viz.

• ...Hart.* 1.602
• Hart Royall, and
• ...Hart Royall proclaimed.

A Hinde hath these degrees.

• First
• Second
• Third

year is called, a

• ...Calfe.
• ...Brockets sister.
• ...Hynde.

Good Forresters have observed that when a Hart hath past his sixth year, he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenne. And afterwards according to the increase of this head.

Whether he be

• ...Crochod,
• Palmed, or
• ...Crowned.

When he breaketh heard and draweth to the Thickets or Coverts, The Forresters or Woodmen do say, he taketh his hold.

Forasmuch as it may oftentimes fall out as well in Coat-armours as in Badges, that the Attires of Deer both Red and Fallow may be borne bendy, barry, or otherwise Counter-coloured, I have thought it for the more apt

blazon of them, to annex such propriety of termes, as the skilfullest For∣resters or Woodmen do attribute unto their severall kinds, so there may be a fit correspondence of Artificiall termes as well Woodman-like as Armo∣riall: Adding withall their formes and shapes of their severall attires, for the better and reddier conceiving of their particular parts, and fit ap∣plication of each particular terme to his proper part, by the help of the Alphabeticall letters that I have for that purpose annexed to each part.

[illustration] diagram of left, right and facing antlered deer labelling their various parts

[illustration] deer's antlered head

Skilfull Woodmen descri∣bing the head of a Hart, do call the
a Round Rolle next the Head	b Main horn	c Lowest Antlier	d Next above thereunto	e Next above that	f Upper part of all
The
Bur.	Beam.	Browanteliers.	Bezanteliers.	Royall.	Surroyall Top.

And in a Bucks head they say,

• ...Bur. c
• ...Beam. b
• ...Braunch. d
• ...Advancers. e
• ...Palme. a
• ...Spellers.

And though every Gentleman is not an Armorist, or a skilfull Woodman, yet it is not well beseeming men of a generous race to have a superficiall skill in either of these professions, forasmuch as they both (especially the former) do well beseem the dignity of a Gentleman, the one tending to the delight and recreation of the mind, and the other to the health, solace, and exercise of the body. That so in their mutuall converse, they may be able to deliver their minds in fit termes in either kind, and not in speeches,

either vulgar or obsolete. For which cause I here set down the termes ap∣propried (by skilfull Forresters and Woodmen) to beasts of Chase, according to their severall names, seasons, degrees, and ages, like as I have formerly done of beasts of Venery, as in example.

Of Beasts of Chase, the Buck is the first,

And is ter∣med the
First	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth	Sixth
year, a
Fawne.	Pricket.	Sorel.	Sore.	Buck of the first head.	Buck, or great Buck.

Next to the Buck is the Doe, being accounted the second beast of Chase.

And is termed the
First	Second	Third
year, a
Fawne.	Prickets sister.	Doe.

¶ The third Beast of Chase is a Fox, which albeit he be said to be Poli∣tick and of much subtilty, yet is the variety of terms of a Fox very scarce.

For in the
First year	Second
he is cal∣led a
Cub.	Fox.

Afterwards an old Fox, or the like.

The Martern, or Marton (as some old Forresters or Woodmen do terme them) being the fourth Beast of Chase, hath these termes.

He is cal∣led the
First	Second
year, a
Martern Cub.	Martern.

¶ The fifth and last Beast of Chase is the Roe, whose proper terms per∣taining to chase are these.

He is said to be the
First	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth
year, a
Kydde.	Gyrle.	Hein use.	Roe Buck of the first head.	Farre Roe Buck.

These Beasts of Chase do make their abode all the day time in the Fields,* 1.603 and upon the Hills and high Mountains, where they may see round a∣bout them afar off, for preventing their danger: for these are more ti∣merous of their own safety, than dangerous and harmfull to men. And in the night time when men be at rest, and all things quiet, then do they make their repaire to the Corn fields and Meadowes for food and relief, for which respect they are called Campesties, because they do haunt the Field and Champion grounds, more than the Woods, and thick coverts or thickets; as we do most usually observe them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Mount, Proper,* 1.604 a Stag lodged, Gules, by the name of Harthill. The Stag is a goodly beast, full of state in his gate and view, and (amongst Beasts of Chase) reputed the chief for prin∣cipall game and exercise: it is observed of him, that finding himself fat, he ever lodgeth and sculketh in secret places, to avoid chasing, as knowing himself worth following, and worth killing (as was said of the great Stagge at Killingworth) but most utfit for flying.

* 1.605

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Stag standing at Gaze, Argent, attired and unguled, Or, by the name of Jones of Mon∣mouthshire. The Stag which erst you saw lodged, you now see standing, as listening to the approach of any danger. And nature having denied this beast other se∣curities, yet hath indued him with two excellent fa∣vours above others; the one, exceeding quicknesse of hearing, to foreknow his hazards, and so the sooner to prevent them, (for which cause, the Stag amongst the Emblemes of the five senses, representeth the Hea∣ring;) the other exceeding speed of foot, to flie from the danger when it approacheth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Stag Tripping, Proper, attired and Ʋnguled,* 1.606 Or, by the name of Holme. The Hart born in Armes (saith Ʋpton) betokeneth sometimes one skilfull in Musicke, or such an one as taketh a fe∣licity and delight in harmony: Also, a man that is wise & politicke, and well foreseeth his times and op∣portunities: A man unwilling to assail the Enemie rashly, but rather desirous to stand on his own guard honestly, than to annoy another wrongfully.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a Stag springing forwards, Or, by the name of Gilstand.* 1.607 Pliny saith, that horns are so mollified with waxe whilst they are yet growing upon the heads of the beasts, that they may be made capable of sundry impressions, and are made divisible into many parts: but Nature needed not this device, neither can Art forme a fashion of more stately decen∣cie, than she hath done on the Stag. All hornes in a manner be hollow, save that towards the pointed tippe they be solid and massie. Onely Deer, both red and fal∣low, have them solid throughout.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Buck Passant, and Chief in∣dented, Or, by the name of Humble or Ʋmble, as it was entred in the Visitation of London, 1634. for George Humble Esquire; as may appear by severall Mo∣numentall Ensignes in Saint Mary Wolnoth Church in Lumbard-street, where divers of the Family lye in∣terd, and in which the chief Branch is now Inhabi∣tant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Stag in his full course, Or, pursued hotly by a Brace of Dogs,* 1.608 Argent, all Bend∣waies and at randome, by the name of Yardly. Though horns be assigned to the Stag, Buck, and other like Beasts, for weapons, both offensive and defensive, yet do they seldome use them to those ends; ••••ing therein like many Gallants well attired and Armed, but it is more for shew than for use, when it comes to proofe. So David speaks of some, who carrying

bowes turned their backes; as having Armes, but wanting hearts. And it may be, the Hart hath his name (as Mons à movendo,) for being heartlesse: but sure it is, that all the Armour in the Tower is not enough to Arme a Da∣stards heart.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a Fesse, betwene three Buckes, in full course, Or, by the name of Robertson.* 1.609 This kind of Deer is called Cervus Palmatus, for the resemblance that his hornes have with the hand and fingers. This Beast reposeth his safetie chiefely in flight, wherein hee is uery swift in case of pursuit: his colour most commonly Sandie, with a black strake along his backe; their Sides and Belly spotted with White, which spots they lose through age: their Females are more varia∣ble in colour; as being sometimes all white.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a Cheuron Argent, between three Robucks in full course, Or, by the name of Robert∣son.* 1.610 Although this Beast as a coward flieth with his weapons, yet two times there are when hee dares turne head on his foe: the one is when it is for his life, as when he is chased out of breath, and his strength so spent, that he cannot by flight escape; Despera••io facit auda∣cem: he is more than a coward that will not fight when he sees his case desperate: and therefore it is a gene∣rall rule in good policie never to put them to the ut∣most exigent and extremity, with whome we desire to prevaile, according to the old English Proverbe, Compell a coward to fight, and he will kill the Di∣vell: which was the cause that the Romans landing in this Kingdome,* 1.611 burnt their owne Navy, thereby to enforce the Army to be resolute, by despair∣ing of any escape or return by Sea again. The other time of the Stags courage is for his Love, at which time he will fight to the death with his Rivall or hinderer of his hot desire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Bucks tripping, Or,* 1.612 by the name of Green, and is the paternall Coat of John Green of Boys-Hall in Navestocke in the County of Essex, Ser∣geant at Law, and one of the Judges of the Shrieves Court London, lately deceased, father of John Green Esq who succeeded him in the said place, and is at present Recorded of the said City. The Buck is a wor∣thy beast, & hath a degree and measure of all the pro∣perties of the Stag, but cometh far short of his stateli∣ness and boldness, (for there are degrees of courage e∣ven among Cowards.) And Nature hath made his horne rather broad, for a defensive buckler, than sharp as the Stags for the thrust. Their best quality is, that they are sociable, and love to keep together in Heards;* 1.613 which is the property of all harmless and peaceable creatures, which are of comfort and courage onely in company; whereas all beasts and birds of prey are given to wander solitary, neglecting societies: and that made the Philosopher say, that a solitarie and unsociable man, was either a Saint, or a Devill.

* 1.614

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse Azure, between three Stagges standing at gaze or gardant, Gules, by the name of Robertson. Sometimes the femals both of Red and Fallow Deere, to wit, Hindes and Does, as well as Stags, and Buckes, are borne in Coat-Armour: but such bea∣ring is holden lesse commendable than that of Males,* 1.615 because Masculinum dignius est Feminino, as Aristotle witnesseth, Topic. 1. the Male is ever nobler than the Female.* 1.616 To prove that Females are borne also, I have (out of many examples) selected one of rare bearing, here next following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two Hindes counter-tripping in Fesse,* 1.617 Argent, by the name of Cottingham. Pliny in his Naturall History, Lib. 9. writeth, that among all sorts of Beasts, the Males are more stomackfull, and of greater courage than the Females, excepting in Pan∣thers and Beares: and that those parts that Nature hath bestowed upon Beasts,* 1.618 to serve them (as it were) in stead of Weapons, as Teeth, Hornes, Stings, and other such like, she hath given them especially un∣to the Males, as to those that are both better and stronger, and hath left the Females altogether disarmed: whereof Martiall writeth in this manner.

Dente timetur Aper; defendunt cornua Cervum: Imbelles Damae, quid nisi praeda sumus?

Martiall.

The Boares Tusks him protect; the Hart trusts to his Horne: We harmelesse armelesse Hindes for prey are left forlorne.

* 1.619

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Stags Heads Couped, Sa∣ble, by the name of Rigmaiden. Some Authors are of opinion, that the attires of Gentlewomens Heads, were first found out and devised, by occasion of the fight of the Horns of this Beast, because they are seemly to behold,* 1.620 and do become the beast right∣well, and that Nature bestowed Hornes on them, more for Ornament than for Assault, appeares by this; that they repose their safety, rather in their Speedie footmanship, than in the strength of their Heads: The Tines of the Stags Head do increase Yearly, untill he hath accomplished the full number of Seven Years, and then decreaseth again.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Diamond, three Stags heads Cabossed, Pearl, attired Topaz, and is the Coat of the Right Honourable William Marquess and Earle of Nawcastle, Viscount Mansfield, and Lord Ogle, &c. And of the Right Honourable William Covendish Earle of Devon∣shire, and Baron of Hardwick.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The field is, Gules, three Stags heads trunked, Or,* 1.621 Ar∣med or Attired, Argent. This Coat is borne by the name of Faldo in the County of Bedford, where there are diverse Gentlemen of that name yet remaining, and some of them yet owners of the said Mannor (as I take it.) For two respects I have inserted this Coat; The one in regard that the Attires are of a different Metall from the heads, which is not usuall: The o∣ther to shew that Sir John Ferne in his book entitu∣led the Blazon of Gentry, pag. 240. setteth down for the Armoriall Ensigns of this Family, a Coat of device, which he supposeth to have been invented by some of the Ancestors thereof. Which (as he saith) was very ancient, yet no Coat of Armes, as indeed it is not, but a meer fantastick device: which being so, he had done much better to have expressed the true Paternall Coat of that Family, as it is here expressed, rather than the adulterate or counterfeit Coat, which neither relish∣eth of true Armory, nor yet of any sharpnesse of ingenious device or in∣vention.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Bucks heads Couped, Or, by the name of Deering.* 1.622 The bearing of the head of any living thing, betokeneth Jurisdiction and Autho∣rity to administer Justice, and to execute Lawes; for the greatest esteem of the head in Coat-armour, is in respect of the more noble use thereof; for by it is the whole body governed and directed, and is cal∣led in Latine Caput: Quia capiat omnes sensus, and he that is a head should be sure to have all his Senses a∣bout him, as the head hath.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Fesse, Sable, three Stags heads Erased, Or, by the name of Bradford,* 1.623 Sir John Ferne in Lacies Nobility saith, that the head of any beast borne Erased, as this is, is one of the best manner of bearings. The heads of such horned beasts were wont to be held Sacred to Apollo and Diana; perchance be∣cause Diana signified the Moon, which is her selfe a horned Creature, and Apollo for being a good Bowman, deserved the hornes for his reward.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Bend, Engrailed, Azure, be∣tween two Bucks heads Cabossed, Sable, and is the Coat of the Right Honourable Robert Needham, Viscount Kilmurrey, and also of Sir Robert Needham of Lambeth Knight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Bucks head, trunked or Cabos∣sed,* 1.624 Gules, by the name of Trye. Of all the parts or members of Beasts, Birds, or other living things, the bearing of the head (next to the whole bearing) is re∣ckoned most honourable, for that it signifieth that the owner of such Coat-Armour feared not to stand to the face of his enemie.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Bucks head Cabossed, between two flanches, Or, by the name of Parker of North Moul∣ton in the County of Devon. This Coat-armour seem∣eth to have some congruity with the name of the bea∣rer, it being a name borrowed from the Office, which it is probable the first Ancestor of this Family held, viz. a Park keeper, which in old English was called Parker, who by office hath the charge of the beast whose head is borne in this Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Passant, Gules, between two Bars, Sable, charged with three Bezants in Chief, the like number of Bucks heads Cabossed, of the third. This is the Coat of that ingenious Gentleman Philip Parker Esquire, and Calthrope Parker of London Merchant, sons of Sir Philip Parker of Arington Hall in Suffolk Knight, of which Family is also the Right Ho∣nourable the Lord Morley and Mounteagle.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three rain Deeres heads, Trun∣ked or Cabossed,* 1.625 Sable, by the name of Bowet. If you should have occasion to make mention of the hornes of any sort of Deere, by reason that they be of a different Metal or Colour from their bodies, you must terme them Attired. If upon like occasion you shall speak of their Clawes, you must say they be unguled, of the La∣tine word ungula, which signifieth the Hoof or Clawes of a beast.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Attires of a Stag, fixed to the scalpe, Argent, by the name of Cockes. The Stag doth mew his head every year, un∣lesse he be castrated or gelt whilest his head is in his prime: for in such case he never meweth his head, nei∣ther doth his beame Burre, or Tynes augment, or di∣minish any more, but continue still in the same state wherein they were at the time of his castration.

Forresters and Hunters do call this yearly mewing of their heads, the beauty of their wildnesse, and not the mewing of their Horns as the Latinists do term it.

These having mewed their heads do betake themselves to the thick brakes and coverts to hide them, as well knowing they are disarmed of their na∣turall weapons. And therefore do never willingly shew themselves abroad in the day times, untill the Spring that they begin to bud, and burgeon, to∣ward their renovation of force.

Hornes do betoken strength and fortitude, inasmuch as God hath be∣stowed them upon beasts to be unto them Instruments, or Weapons, as well offensive as defensive. As we may probably gather by that which is spoken by the Prophet David, Psal. 75.12.* 1.626 All the hornes of the ungodly will I break, but the hornes of the righteous shall be exalted.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Field is, Sol, three Attires of a Stag, borne Paly,* 1.627 Barry, Saturne. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the renowned Family of the most High Puissant and No∣ble Prince Frederick, late Duke of Wirtemberge, and of Tec. Count of Mountbleiard, Lord of Heydenheib, &c. and Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter. The Stags having cast their Hornes do skulke in secret and desolate places, because they find themselves disar∣med and destitute of their former strength, which maketh them more carefull of their safety, as Aelia∣nus noteth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, an Ʋnicorne Seiant, Sable,* 1.628 Ar∣med, and Ʋnguled, Or, by the name of Harling. The Ʋnicorne hath his name of his one Horn on his fore∣head. There is another Beast of an huge strength and greatnesse, which hath but one Horn, but that is grow∣ing on his Snout, whence he is called Rinoceros, and both are named Monoceros, or one Horned: it hath been much questioned amongst Naturalists, which it is that is properly called the Ʋnicorne: and some have made doubt whether there be any such Beast as this, or no. But the great esteem of his Horne (in many places to be seen) may take away that needlesse scruple.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, an Ʋnicorne tripping, Argent,* 1.629 Armed and unguled, Or, by the name of Musterton. Touching the invincible nature of this beast, Job saith, Wilt thou trust him, because his strength is great, and cast thy labour unto him? Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy barne? And his vertue is no lesse famoused than his strength, in that his Horne is supposed to be the most powerfull Anti∣dote against poison. Insomuch as the generall conceit is, that the wild beasts of the Wildernesse, use not to drink of the Pooles, for fear of venemous Serpents there breeding, before the Ʋnicorne hath stirred it with his Horn. Howsoever it be, this Charge may very well be a representation both of strength or courage, and also of virtuous dispositions and ability to do good; for to have strength of body, without the gifts and good qualities of the mind, is but the property of an Oxe; but where both concur, that may truly be called manlinesse: and that these two should consort together, the Ancients did signifie, when they made this one word, Virtus, to imply, both the strength of body, and vertue of the mind.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Ʋnicornes in Pale, Current, Argent,* 1.630 Armed, Or, by the name of Farrington. It seemeth by a question moved by Farnesius, that the Ʋnicorne is never taken alive; and the reason being demanded, it is answered, that the greatnesse of his mind is such, that he choseth rather to die than to be taken alive: wherein (saith he) the Ʋnicorne and the valiant minded Souldier are alike, which both contemne death, and rather than they will be com∣pelled to undergoe any base servitude or bondage, they will lose their lives.

* 1.631

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Ʋnicorns heads Couped, Argent, by the name of Shelley. The Ʋnicorne is an untameable beast by nature, as may be gathered by the words of Job, chap. 39. Will the Ʋnicorne serve thee, or will he tarry by thy crib? Canst thou binde the Ʋnicorn with his band to labour in the furrow, or will he plow the vallies after thee?

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Camel passant, Argent, by the name of Camel. This Coat-Armour standeth in Bury Pomeroy Church in the County of Devon. This beast farre surpasseth the horse in swiftnesse, in travell, to whom he is a hatefull enemie. After all these cloven footed beasts, I will adde one more, no way inferiour in stomack, and absolute resolution to any of the for∣mer.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Boare passant, Gules, Armed, Or,* 1.632 by the name of Trewarthen. The Boare though he wanteth hornes is no way defective in his Armour, nay he is beyond those formerly exemplified, and is counted the most absolute Champion amongst beasts, for that he hath both weapons to wound his foe, which are his strong and sharp Tusks, and also his Target to defend himself, for which he useth of∣ten to rub his shoulders and sides against Trees, there∣by to harden them against the stroke of his adversa∣ry; and the Shield of a Boare well managed, is a good Buckler against that cruell Enemy called Hunger.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Boares heads couped, Sa∣ble,* 1.633 Armed, Or, by the name of Cradock. The Boare is so cruell and stomackfull in his fight, that he foa∣meth all the while for rage, and against the time of any encounter he often whetteth his tusks to make them the more piercing. The Boare hath been much honoured by being the crest of an Earle, which seem∣eth to be given to the House of Vere, because Verres is the name of a Boare in Latine.

The bearing of the Boare in Armes betokeneth a man of a bold spirit, skil∣full, politick in Warlike feats, and one of that high resolution that he will rather die valorously in the Field, than he will secure himself by ignominious flight. He is called in Latine Aper (according to Farnesius) ab asperitate, be∣cause he is so sharp and fierce in conflict with his foe. And this is a speciall property in a Souldier, that he be fierce in the encountring his Enemy, and he bear the shock or burnt of the conflict with a noble and magnanimi∣ous Courage; Miles enim dura & aspera perfringit animi & virium robore.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Boares heads erected and erased, Sable, Armed, Or, by the name of Boothe: here those which are young Students in Armory may learn to be carefull in observing the manner of the position of the charge of the Field, by comparing these two last Coat-Armours together, admitting that they neither of them differ in Metal nor Colour, and that the Boares heads in both Escocheons were couped or erased, yet the very manner of the position of them were sufficient difference to vary one Coat-armour from the other.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Cups, Or, out of each a Boares head erected, Argent, and is the Coat of that truly noble Gentleman the Honourable Sir Robert Bolles Baronet, son of Sir John Bolles of Scampton i•• the County of Lincoln, created Baronet 24. June•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 who was son of Sir George Bolles Knight, 〈…〉〈…〉 from Alane de Swinshead, Lord of the Manne•• 〈…〉〈…〉 hall in Swinshead, and from thence his Prog•••••• so surnamed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Cheuron between 6 Rams, accosted Counter-tripping, two, two, and two, by the name of Har∣man of Rendlesham in the County of Suffolk. The chief∣est strength of the Ram consisteth in his head.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron be∣tween three Rams heads couped, Ar∣gent, by the name of Ramsey of Hitcham in the County of Buck∣ingham, of which Family was A∣dam Ramsey, Esquire for the body to King Richard the second. The Ram is the Captain of the whole flock, I shall not need to mention the great profit that is brought to this Kingdom by the winter garment of this beast.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the Coat of Sir Thomas Bendish of Steeple Bumsted in Essex Baronet, Embassador for many years to the Grand Signeur from the King and Parliament of Eng∣land, son of Sir Thomas Bendish created Baronet 29. of June 1611. and is thus blazoned, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable, between three Rams heads Erased, Azure, Armed, Or, Ʋster.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three holy Lambes, staffe, crosse, and banner, Argent, by the name of Rowe of Lamerton in the County of Devon. The Holy Lambe is a Tipycall representation of our blessed Saviour: who is under∣stood by divers to be that Lambe mentioned in the A∣pocalyps of Saint John: and all the Christian Churches acknowledge him for that Lambe of God that taketh away the sins of the World. This kind of bearing may well befit a brave resolute spirit who undertaketh a war for Christs cause.

SECT. III. CHAP. XV.

* 1.634HItherto of such beasts as we call Animalia biscula, which have their feet parted onely into two clawes: the next part of our distribution, containeth those which are called Multifida, which have many clawes; of which sort, are not onely Lyons, Beares, Wolves, and others of fierce and ravenous kinde, that live by Prey and spoyle: but such also as are of timorous nature, whose chiefest safety consisteth rather in swiftnesse of foot, than in any other m••anes, as Foxes, Hares, Conies, and others of lesse harm••full kinde, whereof I will give particular examples: but first I will ••••er unto your ••eed••ull observation, certaine notes as well of generall, as o•• particular use, concerning beasts of this kind; not forgetting (by the way) such rules and observations▪ as have been already commended to your regard, that especially, touching mixt bearing of Ordinaries, and common charges, which must serve for a regular direction throughout our whole Worke. And in delivery of these Observations and Examples, I hold it fit to begin with Beasts of fierce nature; and first, with the Lyon reckoned the King of beasts: Dignioribus enim digniora loca sunt danda, Highest person highest place.

Some French Armorists are of opinion that the Lyon should never be made Gardant or full faced,* 1.635 affirming that to be proper to the Leopard; wherein they offer great indignity to that royall beast, in that they will not admit him (saith Ʋpton) to shew his full face, the sight whereof doth terrifie and astonish all the beasts of the field; and wherein consisteth his chiefest majesty, and therefore may not be denyed that prerogative, Quia omnia Animalia debent depingi & designari in suo ferociori actu, ex illis enim actibus,* 1.636 magis vigorem suum ostendunt. All Beasts should be set forth in their most generous action, for therein they shew their chiefest vigor. As con∣cerning the true Note whereby the Leopard is distinguished from the Lyon, Ʋpton lib. de Armis, writeth thus, Cognoscitur Leopardus à Leone, quia Leopar∣dus ubi{que} deping••ur habens naturaliter maculas nigras,* 1.637 cum grosso capite, & est Animal planum non hispidum: Leo vero habet unum colorem continuum, cum pectore hispi••••, cum certis jubis in cauda. The Leopard is portraied with black spots and a great head, and no where shaggie: whereas the Lyon is one co∣lour, shaggy brested, with a certain ••uft of haire in his traine. So that it is e∣vident that the Leopard is notably distinguisht both in shape and colour, and not by his full faced countenance as they dream. Moreover, Ʋpton saith, that he had often observed Leopards borne by diverse noble men, as well half faced as gardant.

It is observed that the generous nature of the Lyon, is discerned by his plentifull shaggy locks that do cover his neck and shoulders, which are infal∣lible tokens of his noble courage, especially if those his locks be crisped and curled, and short withall. Such Lyons were those whereof Saint Hirome ma∣keth mention, In vita Pauli cremitae, saying, Talia in anima voluente, ecce duo Leones ex interioris Eremi parte currentes, volantibus per colla jubis ferebantur: Two Lyons came running with their shaggie looks wavering about their shoulders. Moreover the thicknesse of the Lyons Mane,* 1.638 is a testimony of his generous birth, and by the same he is distinguished from the degenerate and Bastard race of Leopards, begotten between the Adulterous Lyonesse and the Parde, which are naturally deprived of this noble mark; and not one∣ly so, but they are also bereft of that bold and invincible courage, that the generous sort of Lyons have. For these respects, the degenerate brood of Lyons are called in Latine, Imbelles Leones, that is, Heartlesse or Cowardly Lyons; whereas the true Lyon is termed in Latine, Generosus Leo,* 1.639 Quia ge∣nerosum est quod à natura sua non degeneravit: That is generous which degene∣rateth not from his kind: by which reason, a man of noble discent, and igno∣ble conditions, is not truly generous, because he degenerateth from the ver∣tues of his Ancestors.

Lyons, Bears, Wolves, and other Beasts of ravening kind,* 1.640 when they are borne in Armes feeding, you must term them in Blazon, Raping, and tell whereon. To all beasts of prey, Nature hath assigned teeth and tallons of crooked shape, and therewithall of great sharpnesse, to the end they may strongly seaze upon and detain their Prey, and speedily rend and divide the same. And therefore in Blazoning of beasts of this kind, you must not omit to mention their Teeth and Tallons, which are their onely Ar∣mour:* 1.641 for by them they are distinguished from those tame and harm∣lesse beasts, that have their Teeth knocked out, and their Nailes pared so near to the quick, as that they can neither bite nor scratch with much harme. Those Teeth and Tallons are for the most part in Coat-armours made of a different colour from the bodies of the Beasts: and therefore in Blazoning of Beasts of this kinde, when you speake of their Teeth or Tallons, you shall say they are thus or thus Armed. So likewise if you please to speake of their Tongues, you shall say they are thus or thus Langued.

To beare a Lyon or whatsoever Animal in a diverse colour from his kindly or naturall colour, as to bare a blew, green, red, purple Lyon, Bear,* 1.642 &c. or whatsoever other colour different from that which is Natural unto him; is not a bearing reproachfull, though disagreeing to his nature, if we con∣sider of the occasion of their primary constitution: for that the custom of such bearing seemeth to have proceeded from eminent persons, who ha∣biting themselves either for their sports of Hunting, or for military servi∣ces (as best fitted their fantasies) would withall sute their Armours and habiliments with Colours answerable to their habits, with the shapes and portraitures of forged and counterfeit Animals.

Or else perhaps by occasion of some civill tumults, as that between the Guelphi and the Gibelini in Italy, they perhaps of each faction bearing Ly∣ons, Beares, and Wolves, or other Animals, to avoid confusion, and to the end the one of them should not be entrapped by the other of the contra∣ry faction, when they were intermixed one with another, and that their valorous actions might be more particularly discerned from the other, they distinguished themselves by different and unlike coloured garments,

that so each Governour and Leader might know those that were of his owne faction.

The like may we observe to have beene of late yeares used amongst our selves, when private factions have sprung amongst us; one sort was knowne from others of the contrary faction by a Carnation R••band, worne about, or in his hat: or by a Crimson feather, or other thing, the contrary faction wearing like thing, but in a different colour, or fashion.

* 1.643The Lyon (saith Ʋpton) passing thorow stony places, doth contract his Tallons within his flesh, and so walketh on his feet, as if he had no Tallons at all, keeping them exceeding choisely, lest he should dull and blunt their sharpenesse, and so become lesse able to attach and rend his prey. And this property seemeth not to be peculiar to a Lyon, but common to all beasts of Rapine: as Pliny ascribeth the same property to Leopards, Panthers, and such other, as well as to the Lyon.

* 1.644Not onely Lyons, but also all other beasts of ravenous kind, (according to Bekenhawb) do bring forth their young in some part defective, as Lyons do produce their whelps dead, Dogges bring them forth blind▪ Beares defor∣med and shapelesse, &c. For Nature would not that they should atta•••• per∣fection in the wombe, in regard of the safety of their Damme, least in their production they should spoyl and rent her wombe by their teeth and t••llons.

Other more particular Rules there are concerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of beasts of Rapine, which shall follow in their more conve∣nient places. In the meane time, let us proceed to Examples that may give life and approbation to those premised Rules: Praecepta enim quantumvis bona & concinna, mortua sunt, nisi ipse auditor variis exemplis ea percipiat: Good and fit precepts, are but dead, unlesse examples give them life. Of which opinion was Leo the Tenth, when he sayd.

Plus valent exempla quam praecepta, Et melius docemur vita quam verbo.

Examples are more forcible than Precepts, And our lives teach more than our words.

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He beareth, Iupiter, a Lyon Dormant, Sol. the He∣brew Rabbies (saith Leigh) writing upon the second of Numbers,* 1.645 do assigne to the Tribe of Judah, a Lyon af∣ter this manner; alluding belike unto that blessing that Jacob (a little before his death) did pronounce upon Judah, saying; He shall lye downe and couch as a Lyon;* 1.646 who dares stirre him up? Wherein one noteth, that Jacob seemeth to allude to that diminution, which hapned at such time as the more part of the People of that Tribe did fall away unto Jeroboam: Tunc enim (saith he) Rex Judae similis esse coepit Leoni dormienti; neque enim erectis jubis timorem suum late effudit, sed quodam modo occubuit in spelunca. Latuit tamen quaedam occulta virtus sub illo sopore, &c. The King of Judah was then like a sleeping Lyon, which did not shew his rage with his erected Shag; but did as it were lurke in his Den, yet so as he lost not his Strength in his sleep, neither durst any the most adventurous to rowse him. This may be true of the King of Judah; but surely the Lyon of the Tribe of Judah, doth nei∣ther slumber nor sleep, though he seemeth to sleep; neither doth their venge∣ance sleep who dare provoke him. It is reported that the Lyon sleepeth with his eyes open, so should Governours do, whose Vigilancy should shew it self, when others are most at rest and secure.

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He beareth, Or, a Lyon couchant. The Lyon cou∣ching after this manner, must not be deemed to have been compelled thereunto, but that he hath so setled himself of his own accord; for it is contrary to his Magnanimous nature to couch by any chastisement, or to be corrected in himself; but if a Whelp or some other beast be beaten or chastised in his sight, he thereupon humbleth himself after this manner: But as touching himself he must be overcome with Gen∣tlenesse, and so is he easiest wonne. Generosus enim a∣nimus facilius ducitur quam trahitur: The generous mind you may easier lead than draw. So when the children of Princes offend, their Pages are whipt before them; and the Persians, if a Noble man offend, brought forth his Garment and beat it with wands.

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He beareth, Gules, a Lyon Seiant, Argent. Though this form and gesture hath affinity with the former, yet the difference is easie to be observed, by compa∣ring the manner of their reposing: and in these kinds the varieties of gestures, you may observe, that by degrees and steps I proceed from the most quiet, to the most fierce gesture and action.

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The Field is Mars, a Lyon passant, Gardant, Sol.* 1.647 This was the Coat-Armour of William Duke of A∣quitane, and of Gwyan, one of the Peeres of France, whose Daughter and Heire named Eleanor, was mar∣ryed to Henry the second King of England: by reason of which Match the Field and Charge being of the same Colour and Metall, that the then royall Ensigns of this Land were, and this Lyon of the like action that those were of; this Lyon was united with those two Lyons in one Shield: Sithence which time the Kings of England, have borne three Lyons Passant, Gardant, as hereafter shall appear.

A like Lyon in a Field, Azure, was borne by Lewellya aur Dorchock Lord of Yale in Wales, Ancestor to Gruffith of Bromfield ap Cadwgan, from whom is descended Edward Bromfield, Alderman of London.

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He beareth, Or, two Lyons Passant, Or, which was the Coat of Sir Robert Ducy, who had issue Sir Richard Ducy, Sir William Ducy Baronets successive∣ly: Robert and Hugh Ducy: The said Sir Robert Ducy was Sheriff of London 1620. Lord Mayor 1630. Knighted July 5. 1631. Created Baronet November 28. 1629. and lyes buried in Saint Laurence Church by Guild-hall, London.

* 1.648

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He beareth, Argent, three Lioncels, passant, Gar∣dant, in Pale bar-wayes, Langued and Armed, Gules. This Coat-armour pertained to that worthy Gentle∣man Sir John Brograve, Knight, sometimes Attorney Generall of the Dutchy of Lancaster. In the Blazoning of Armes consisting of more Lyons in a Field than one,* 1.649 you must term them Lyoncels (according to Leigh) which is as much to say, as so many young or petite Lyons. The reason of this rule I take to be this, that inasmuch as the Lyon hath a Prerogative Royal over all Beasts, and cannot endure that any other should participate of the Field with him, Quia Principes nolunt pares, Princes will admit no fellowes, to the impeachment of their Soveraignty; therefore the bearing of divers Lyons in one Field must be understood of Lyons whelps, which as yet have not so great feeling of their own strength, or inbred noble courage, nor apprehensi∣on of their ingenerated Royal Soveraignty over all beasts as Lyons have. But Leones adulti participationem non admittere solent: When they are of years, they will know their own worth. Note that this Rule must be understood with a certain limitation in some particular cases, Quia non est regula adeo generalis, quin admittit exceptionem in suo particulari: For this rule holdeth not in the Soveraigns Ensignes, where these beasts are said to be Lyons, propter dig∣nitatem Regiae majestatis; next this rule hath no place in Coat-armours wherein any of the honourable Ordinances are interposed between these beasts, for by such interpositions of these Ordinaries (saith Leigh) every one of them is reckoned to be of as great dignity,* 1.650 as if he were borne dividedly in so many severall Escocheons, and that in respect of the Soveraignty of the Ordinary so interposed; for which cause, they have the title of most worthy partitions. And so shall you reckon of all other Coat-armours consisting of things so divided.

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He beareth, Ermine, three Lyons Passant, in Pale, Gules, and is the Coat of Tobias Combe of Helmsted Bury in the County of Hartford Esquire, whose son and heir Richard was Knighted by Oliver late Pro∣tector.

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He beareth, Sable, three Lyons Passant, Argent, by the name of English of Kent, now existing in the persons of William, Henry, Thomas, and Edward, Bre∣theren.

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He beareth, Argent, on a Crosse, Gules, five Lioncels saliant, Or, by the name of Aud••n of Dorchester in the County of Dorset. The Prophet Esay d••scribeth the va∣lorous courage of these kind of beast•• ••••••ugh young, where he saith, that as a Lyon or a L•• 〈…〉〈…〉 roareth upon his prey, against whom if a multitude of Shep∣herds be called, he will not be affrayd 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their voyce, neither will he humble himselfe at their noyse, so shall the Lord of Hosts come downe to sight for Mount Sion, and the Hill thereof, Esay 31.4.

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He beareth, Gules, two Lyons Passant, Argent, by the name of L' Estrange, a Family of great Emi∣nence and Antiquitity yet existing (and where I hope it long may) at Hunsta•••••• in Norf••••ke, a good∣ly and pleasant Seat, not long since in the possession of Sir Hamond L' Estrange Knight, who left issue 3 hopefull and accomplisht G••ntleman Sir Nicholas L' Estrange Baronet, deceased: Hamond L' Estrange, and Roger L' Estrange, both living 16••9. & a daugh∣ter Eliz. married to S••••••••l Spring of Pakenh••m in Suffolk Baronet, which Sir Nicholas left his estate and title to his eldest son Sir Hamond & he as yet in his flourishing spring to his brother Sir Nicholas.

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He beareth, Sable, two lioncels counterpassant, Ar∣gent, the uppermost towards the si••ister side of the Esco∣cheon, both collared, Gules, by the name of Glegg of Gay∣ton in the County of Chester: some blazoners have gi∣ven another blazon to this Coat-Armour thus; Hee beareth, Sable, two lyoncels, the one passant, the other re∣passant, Argent, both collared▪ Gules, but in mine opi∣nion no man by this last blazon is able to tricke, or ex∣presse the true portraiture and manner of the bearing of these lioncels; for it appeareth not by this Blazon, to∣wards which part or side of the Escocheon their heads are placed, which is contrary to the Rule give chap. 4. Sect. 1. pag. ••4. The Lyon and the Lio∣nesse do never go one and the same way▪ either when they seeke their prey or when they go to fight; the skilfull and expert men render this reason for it, that these beasts stand so much upon their strength of body as that neither of them needeth the others helpe.

Now that Lyons and Lyoncels are borne in Armes, the first with inter∣position of some of the Ordinaries, the other charged upon Ordinaries, the following examples will make it manifest, and in Blazoning of such Coat-Armours care must be taken to observe and remember, what concerning this point of their difference I have even now delivered.

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He beareth, Azure, a Fesse, Wavey, between three Lyons passant, Or, Armed and langued, Gules. This is the Coat-Armour of John Hawes, or Hawys of London, who draweth his descent from William Hawys of Wal∣sh••m of the Willowes in Suffolk, which William was seised of lands there, in the time of Edw. the third. The Lyon passing his ground leisurely, and as it were pedetentim, step by step; which kind of gate we usually do call

passant; expresseth his most generous and noble action of Majestie, Clemen∣cy and Circumspection.

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He beareth, Gules, on a Fesse, Argent, three Lyoncels Passant, Gardant, Purpure. These Armes appertained to Arnold Oldsworth Esquire, late Keeper of the Hanaper of the High Court of Chancery. Such is the noble cou∣rage and magnanimity of the Lyon, as that in his greatest rage and fury be never doth tyrannize over those that do prostrate themselves to his mercy: whereof a certain Author thus writeth:

Parcere prostratis scit nobilis ira leonis: Tu queque fac simile, quisquis regnabis in orbe.

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He beareth, Azure, a Lyon passant, Or, between three Griffons heads Erased, Argent, by the name of Box, and is borne by Henry Box of London Esquire.

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* 1.651

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He beareth, Gules, two Bars, Ermine in Chief, a Lyon Passant, parted per Pale, Or, and Argent, by the name of Hill of Hales in the County of Norfolke. This Lyon is different from the former Passants, in that he goeth directly forward, shewing in the Escocheon but half his face, whereby he is distinguished from the Gardant, which sheweth the whole face. This Lyon Pas∣sant seemeth to goe with more confidence and resoluti∣on, but the Gardant, with more vigilancy and circum∣spection; which both being joyned, do make an abso∣lute Commander.

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He beareth, Ermine, a Saltier and Chief, Gules, on the last a Lyon Passant, Or, Ʋlster, this is the Coat of Sir Michael Armine or Aermine of Osgodby in the County of Lincoln Baronet, brother and heir of Sir William, lately deceased, sons of Sir William Ar∣mine, created Baronet No. 28. 1619. son of Sir Willi∣am Armine, Knighted April 23. 1603. descended from Gilbert Aermine Lord of the Mannor of Newland upon Eyre in the County of York 1164.

* 1.652

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He beareth, Or, a Lyon Saliant, Gules, by the name of Felbridge. The Proper forme of a Lyon Saliant, is when his right fore-foot answereth to the Dexter cor∣ner of the Escochron, and his hindmost foot the sinister base point thereof. And he is termed Saliant, a sa∣liendo;* 1.653 because when he doth prosecute his Prey, he pursueth the same leaping, which action he never useth when he is chased in fight (as Pliny noteth) but is onely Passant. And it is sometimes no disho∣nour

to go softly, or retire leasurely out of the Field, but to flye is a reproach; and therefore of all gestures I never find any Lyon Cur∣rent.

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The field is Ruby, a Lyon Rampand, Pearle.* 1.654 This was the Paternal Coat-armour of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolke in the time of King Richard the Se∣cond: and now is quartered by that most Honou∣rable and florishing Family of the Howards. As tou∣ching the bearing of the Lyon after this manner, I hold that then he may be truely said to be Rampand, when he standeth so directly upright as that the Crowne of his Head doth answer to the Plant of his foote, whereupon he standeth in a perpendicular line,* 1.655 and not by placing of the left foot, in the Dexter corner of the Escocheon, as Leigh would have it. As the former example sheweth the gesture of the Lyon pursuing his prey, so this sheweth his gesture in seizing on it when he hath attained it.

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He beareth, Ermine a Lyon Rampand, Azure, Crowned, Or, by the name of Mydhope. A Family of good note, which hath matched with divers o∣ther Families of worthy reputation. As appeareth by the descent of that industrious Gentleman Ed∣mund Mydhope (late Clerk of the Pleas in the Court of Exchequer within the Realme of Ireland) seen, perused and allowed by Master Norroy King of Armes, and ratified by the second part of a certain Lidgier Book, sometime belonging to the late dissolved Abbey of Furneis, containing a transcript of Deeds, concerning Lands given in Frank Almaine to the same Abbey, by divers Gentlemen of worthy Name and Reputation: Amongst which there is extant to be seen a Deed of certaine Lands given to the said Abbey by Roger de Mydhope, Son and Heire of Henry de Mydhope, whose Coat is faire limned in the first letter of the same Deed, in manner as the same is here bla∣zoned; which Deed beareth date Anno Dom. 1290. As may be seen in the said Book.

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Argent, a Lyon Rampant, Sable, by the name of Stapylton, a Family of great Eminence and Worth, whereof there have been two Knights of the Gar∣ter, one whereof, Sir Miles, was one of the Founders being the eighth in order, beside King Edward, yet flourishing in York-shire at Wighill and Myton.

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He beareth, Pearle, three Bars, Gemelles, Ruby, over all a Lyon Rampand, Diamond, his Supporters are two Lyons Rampand, Diamond, purfled, To∣paz, and is the Atchievement of the right Honoura∣ble Thomas Lord Fairfax, Baron, of Camroone in Scotland.

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He beareth, Azure, a Lyon Rampant, Argent, over all a Bendlet, Gules, by the name of Church∣hill of Grays-Inn, Counsellor at Law, Esquire.

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He beareth, parted per-fesse, Sable, and Argent, a Lyon Rampant, counter-changed. This is the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir Richard Vaughan, Knight of the Bath, Earle of Carberie, &c. A great encourager of Vertue and Industry.

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He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampand, the taile elevated and turned over the head, Sable. This is the Coat-armour of John Buxton of Tibenham in the coun∣ty of Norfolke, Esquire. Although this manner of Bearing in respect of the taile is rarely used, yet it is very ancient, as appeareth by an old Table of the said Armes taken out of the Monastery of Bungey in Suffolk, having been before the dissolution of the Abbeyes there hanged up; for one Stiled Le Senes∣chall Buxton, which table now remaineth in the cu∣stody of the said Mr. John Buxton. Here Blazoners may please to observe how requisite it is to take advised consideration in what manner the taile of this beast is borne in signes Armoriall; but I shall presently in this Chapter have further occasion in the Coat-armour of Corke to treat more largely of this point.

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He beareth, Azure, a Lyon Rampand, Argent,* 1.656 a File of three Lambeaux, Gules, each charged with as many Be∣zants: This is the Coat-armour of the worthy Gen∣tleman Thomas Covell, one of the Captains of the City of London: here I tell not the colour of the Bezants, because every Rundle in Armory (of which sort these Bezants are) hath his proper colour and name in Blazon, as shall hereafter be more particu∣larly declared when I come to speak of Rundles in generall.

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The Field is, Or, a Lyon Rampand, parted per-fesse,* 1.657 Azure, and Gules, armed and langued, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of Ralph Sadlier of Standon in the County of Hartford, Esquire, Grandchild and heir male to Sir Ralph Sadlier, the last Knight Banneret that lived in England, a Grave Counsellor of State to King Henry the Eighth, King Edward the Sixth, and Queen Elizabeth. This kind of bearing of a Lyon parted per-fesse, appeareth in a very old Roll of Armes in co∣lours, now in the custody of the before mentioned Sir Richard Saint George, Knight, Clarenceaux King of Armes; wherein is depicted this Coat-armour, viz. Argent, a Lyon Rampand, parted per-fesse, Gules and Sable, and superscribed in French in an ancient letter Joan de Lovetot.

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The Right Honourable William Lord Gray of Warke beareth this Coat, viz. Ruby, a Lyon Ram∣pant within a Bordure Engrailed, Pearle.

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He beareth, Azure, a Lyon Rampant, Argent, Crowned, Or, Bordered, as the second, Pellettee, by the name of Henley.

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He beareth, Girony of foure, Or, and Azure, a Ly∣on Rampant, counter-changed. This Coat may be blazoned thus, per Saltier, Or, and Azure, a Lyon Rampant counter-changed; This is the Coat of Ni∣cholas Gold of London Merchant, a Member of the Par∣liament begun 1659.

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He beareth, Diamond, a Lyon Rampant crowned, between three Croslets, Topaz, Armed, and Langu∣ed, Ruby. This is the Coat of the Right Reverend Father in God Henry Lord Bishop of Chichester, Son of John King Lord Bishop of London.

Now I will shew unto you one other Lyon Rampand; which in regard of the Pale upon which he is charged is worth your observation.

* 1.658

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, upon a Pale Rediant raionee, Or, a Lyon Rampand, Gules, by the name of Colman of Brunt Ely in the County of Suffolk, had not the shining raies of this glistering Pale extraordinarily invited me to gaze upon the rarity of this bearing I should without respect of the Lyon rampand (of which kind you have had already great variety) being this rare Pales onely charge, omitted to have here demonstrated this Coat-armour, but I doubt not if the skilfull Artist in this way observe it well, he cannot but commend the in∣vention of its first deviser.

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He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampand between three Cressants, Sable, a Chief, Verrey. This is the Coat-armour of Thomas Wilkocks of Tottenham-High-crosse in the Coun∣ty of Middlesex.

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He beareth, Argent, three Lioncels Rampand, Gules, a Chief of the Second, by the name of Yelverton, a prin∣cipall branch, of which Family is that worthy Gentle∣man Sir Harvy Yelverton Baronet, Son and Heir of Chri∣stopher Yelverton of Easton Manduit, in the County of Northampton, Knight and Baronet. The Lyon (saith Farnesius) is a lively Image of a good Souldier, who must be valiant of courage, strong of body, politick in counsell, and a foe to feare. Such an one was the most valiant Prince Richard the second, surnamed Ouer-d'∣lion,

whose renowned adventures, suted with all courage and politick care, gave him the eternall name of the Lyon heart. And now I will with your patience shew you an Escocheon wherein you shall find an Ordinary char∣ged with three Lyoncels Rampand.

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He beareth, Azure, on a Cheuron Engrailed, Argent,* 1.659 between three ••refoiles slipped Ermynois, as many Lioncels Rampand, Sables, armed and langued, Gules, by the Name of Barliffe, Bariffe, or Beriffe; for I find the name variously written, which I note here to give a caveat to Gentlemen to be carefull to keep the Ancient and true Orthography of their Surnames, lest in time the differing variety thereof may call their descents and Armes into question; for it is utterly unlawfull by the law of Armes for one Gentleman to bear the Coat-Armour of another, they both being descended from severall Families, al∣though their surnames be near agreeing, or the same.

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He beareth, Sable, a Lyon Rampand, between three Crosses, formee, Or, by the name of Ayloffe of Essex, of which Family is Sir Benjamin Ayloffe Ba∣ronet.

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He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampant, Gules, be-three Trefoyles, Vert, and is the Coat of Sir Michael Livesey of East-church in the Isle of Shipey, in the Coun∣ty of Kent Baronet.

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He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampant, Sable, be∣tween three Holly leaves, Proper, by the name of Sherman: of this Family are Samuel, John, and Ed∣ward Sherman, sons of Samuel Sherman of Dedham in Essex, originally extracted from Yaxley in Suffolk, which Edward Sherman being of London Merchant, hath marryed Jane Daughter of John Wall of Brom∣ley, by Jane Daughter and Heire of Sayer.

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He beareth, Or, Crusily, a Lyon Rampant, Azure, Gules, Armed and Langued, and is borne by the name of Bonnell of Norfolk.

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He beareth, Azure, Crusily, a Lyon Rampant, Argent, Armed and Langued, Gules, by the name of Kinardsley of Loxley in the County of Salop, which Family was of good note before and at the time of the Conquest a singular Ornament of which is at this time Clement Kinardsley of the Wardrobe.

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He beareth, Sable, Semy de Cinquefoyles, a Lyon Rampant, Argent, by the name of Clifton, and is the Coat of Clifford Clifton Esquire, son of Sir Gervis Clif∣ton Knight, created Baronet the two and twentieth of May 1611. (the first day that Honour was con∣ferd) by Frances Daughter of Francis, fourth Earle of Cumberland: which Clifford Clifton marryed Frances, second Daughter of that Honourable Gentleman Sir Heneage Finch Knight.

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He beareth, Pearle, Semy de Cinquefoyles, Ruby, a Lyon Rampant, Diamond, by the name of Pier-point, of which Family the chief and most illustri∣ous Ornament is the Right Honourable Henry Mar∣quesse of Dorchester, a Peer of great Honour, Learn∣ing and respect to learned men. Nor is that great Lover of this Art, and Incourager of other, his Bro∣ther William Pierpoint Esquire to be forgotten.

In a very old Roll in my custody about the time of Henry the third, or Edward the first; I find one Sir Robert Pierpound doubtlesse of this Family, for his Armes are Argent, Semy de Roses (or thus, Argent, within an Orle of Roses) Gules a Lyon Rampant, Sable. Now that Roses for Cinquefoiles (& è contra) are promiscuously used, is very obvious: perhaps its sometimes Vitium pictoris.

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He beareth, Or, two Lyoncels Rampand, Com∣batant, Gules, Langued and Armed, Azure,* 1.660 by the name of Wycombe. Leigh saith, that these were two Lyons of sundry Regions, which of manhood must combate, onely for Government,* 1.661 for the Lyon is as desirous of mastery, as a couragious Prince is ambi∣tious of Honour: which if it be in a just title and claime is a vertue in a King, and no way to be disli∣ked: for it was a Royall Apothegme worthy that great King, Nemo me major, nisi qui Justior; I acknow∣ledge no king greater than my self, but he that is Juster.

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He beareth, Azure, two Lyoncels Rampand,* 1.662 Endorsed, Or. This Coat (saith Leigh) was borne by Achilles the Grecian at the Siege of Troy: and Leigh takes it to be a combate intended between two valiant men, and they both keep appoint∣ment and meet in the Field, but the Prince fa∣vouring both parties, taketh the matter into his hands, and then turne they back to back, and so depart the Field, for their stout stomacks will not suffer them to goe both one way, be∣cause it is counted an injury to hardinesse to goe first out of the Field.

There are yet other formes of bearing the Lyon, than are hitherto ex∣pressed, as in these next Escocheons may be seen.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Mars, a tricorporated Lyon,* 1.663 issuing out of the three corners of the Escocheon, all meet∣ing under one head in the Fesse paint, Sol, Langued and Armed Jupiter. A like Lyon did Edmund sur∣named Crouch-back Earle of Lancaster,* 1.664 and Brother to Edward the first, bear in Device. As appeareth by the Seale of the same Edmund; the circumference of which Seal containeth this inscription, SIGIL∣LUM ED MUNDI FILII REGIS ANGLIAE. Onely herein it differeth from this, that where the middlemost of the bodies in this is borne Rampand, and the other two descend from the corners of the Escocheon; contrari∣wise in the Seale the two lowermost are borne Passant, and the third descended from above, and are all conjoyned in the Center of the said circumference. The like was borne in Device by one of the Ancestors of the Right Noble and Honourable late Lord Carew, Earle of Totnesse. But the Field of this was Topaz, and the Lyon Diamond; more-over the middlemost body of this was Rampand, and the other two after a sort Passant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, per Pale, Gules, and Azure, a Cheu∣ron, Or, between three Lyons Rampant, Argent, by the name of Hoskins of Oxted in Surry, of which Family is also Edmund Hoskins of the Inner Tem∣ple, Esquire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Saphire, three Lyons Rampant, To∣paz, Armed and Langued, Ruby. This is the Coat of the Right Honourable William Viscount Say and Seale, and of his truly noble sons the Lord John Fines, and the Lord Nathaniel Fines, one of his Highnesse Honourable Counsell, and Commissioner of the great Seal 1658.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Lyons Rampant, A∣zure, which is the Coat of Mildmay of Essex, a flou∣rishing and very worthy Family.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Topaz, on a Chief, Saphire, three Ly∣ons Rampant of the first. This is the Coat of the right honourable John Lisle Commissioner of the great Seale of England 1658.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Bend Engrailed between six Lyons Rampand, Or. This is the Coat of Sir An∣thony Ashley Cooper, Baronet, one of the Privy Counsell to his late Highnesse, a Gentleman of much worth and estimation in his Country.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Fesse indented, between three Billets, Azure, (each charged with a Lyon Rampant, as the Field) so many Bezants, this was the Coat-Armour of Henry Rolles, late Lord chief Justice of Eng∣land, Sir Samuel Rolles, and John Rolles of London Mer∣chant, Bretheren, which Henry Rolles left issue that worthy Gentleman Henry Rolles Esquire, living 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, two Bars, Gemelles, in Chief a Lyon Passant, Or, which was the Coat of Sir Richard Sprignall of Highgate in the County of Middlesex, Ba∣ronet, late deceased, Father of Sir Robert Sprignall Ba∣ronet, living 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Bend, Compony, Ermine, and Sable, between two Lyons heads erased, Sable, on a Chief of the last, three Billets, Argent, and is the bearing of the Right Honorable William Steele, late Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer, and now Lord Chancellor of the Kingdome of Ireland.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Demy Lyons and a Chief indented, Gules. This is the Coat of Sir Thomas Fisher of Islington, Baronet, son of Sir Thomas Fisher Knight and Baronet, so created March 12. 1616.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Demy Lyon Rampand, Gules,* 1.665 by the name of Mallory. There are certaine formes of bearing much like unto this at the first sight, but are diverse from it in bearing, and do receive a different forme of blazon, whereof good heed must be taken, Quia diversitas nominis denotat diversitates rei. The diversity of names doth manifest the diversity of things: in as much as names are significant demonstrations of things, and expresse notes of the differences.

* 1.666

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, on a chief, Or, a Lyon Rampand, issuant, Gules, Langued and Armed of the first, by the name of Markham. This Lyon is said to be Issuant, because he doth issue from out of the bottom of the Chief, and so must other things be blazoned which thus arise from the bottome thereof.

* 1.667

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Chief, Gules, a Lyon Rampand, Jessant, his tail forked, Or, by the name of Hastang.

A Lyon Jessant borne in Coat-Armour, is where the Coat is first charged with a Chief, or other Ordinary, and after by some occasion some Animal is added thereunto, but is not subjected to the primary charge, but is borne over both the Field and Charge, and is therefore called a Lyon Jessant, à jacendo, because of such lying all over. Some Blazon this Coat Azure, a Chief, Gules, over all a Lyon Rampand, his tail for∣ked, Or.

* 1.668

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, out of the midst of a Fesse, Sable, a Lyon Rampant, naissant, Gules, armed and langued, Azure. This Coat was borne by S^t. Hen. Emme, K^t. of the most Honorable order of the Garter, and chosen companion thereof by Ed. 3. when he did erect and establish the same. This Lyon is said to be Naissant, because he see∣meth to issue out of the wombe of the Fesse, Quasi nunc esset in nascendo. This forme of Blazon, is peculiar to all living things, that shall be found issuing out of the midst of some Ordinary or common charge.

* 1.669

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Lyons head erased, Gules, by the name of Govis. Concerning the dignity of this part of the body, and how the same is preferred be∣fore all other the parts and members thereof. I have formerly made mention, as also of the commendable bearing of Members Erased.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Topaz, on a Chief, Diamond, three Lyons heads erased of the first, this was the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Richardson, Knight, late Lord Chief Justice of his Majesties Court of Kings Bench, who left issue Sir Thomas Richardson Knight, and he Thomas Richardson, Baron of Cramond in Scotland, now living 1659. I do here give this Coat-armour this kind of blazon by precious stones, in respect of that high place of Justice which its bearer executeth under his Ma∣jesty.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, between three Lyons heads Erased, Argent, which is the bearing of the Right Honourable George Monke, one of the Ad∣mirals of the Sea Forces, and now Generall of the Army in Scotland, duly deriving himself from an Il∣lustrious Stem, his Ancestors having matcht with the Plantaginets more then once.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Azure, a Cheuron, Argent, between three Lyons heads erased, Ermine, crowned, Or, this is the Coat-Armour of Sir Paul Pinder of the City of London, Knight; whose bounteous piety manifest in many other charitable actions, was the yeare 1632. more conspicu∣ous in the richly adorning and exquisite beautifying the Quire of Saint Pauls Church. Erasing is a violent rending of a member from the body, and may signifie some worthy and memorable act of the bearer, that hath severed the Head from the Shoulders of some no∣torious, turbulent, or seditious person.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Lyons Head erased between three Croslets, Or, which is the Coat of Sir Francis Armitage of Kirkleces in the County of Yorke, created Baronet 15. December 1641.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Argent, on a Sable, three Lyons heads erased, of the field, Crowned, Or, this the paternall Coat of John Wroth Esquire, and Sir Henry Wroth his Brother, of Durants in Enfield in Middlesex, where that Family hath flourished many hundred years, and of whence are also descended John Wroth and Anthony Wroth, sons of Sir Peter Wroth of Blenden Hall in Bexley in Kent, deceased.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Sable, between three Lyons Heads erased, Gules, which is the Coat of Sir William Farmer of Eston-Neston in the County of Northampton, Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two Lyons Pawes issuing out of the Dexter and Sinister base points, erected in forme of a Cheuron, Argent, Armed, Gules, by the name of Frampton. The fore-feet of the Lyon have five toes upon each foot, and the hinder feet but foure, whereby nature hath enabled him, for the more sure seizing and retaining his acquired prey, the Lyons Clawes are crooked and exceeding hard, with these he carveth and rendeth his prey, and for this pur∣pose he keepeth them very choicely and tenderly, and is no lesse care∣full to save them from blunting, than a good Souldier is to keep his Armour and Weapons from rust and bluntnesse, by the greatnesse and sharpnesse of the Lyons claw, we may easily conjecture how dan∣gerous a thing it is for a man to encounter him, for wheresoever he seizeth, if he breake not the bones, yet he renteth away the flesh, so also may we give a near guesse, if not make a certaine demonstration of his proportion and bignesse, for so we read that Phydias the fa∣mous Carver of great Images in Gold and in Ivory, upon the sight of a Lyons claw onely, did raise the whole proportion of his body, which gave occasion (as is supposed) of the Proverbe, Leonem ex ungue estimare; whereby is meant, that of one probable conjecture, a man may give a near guesse of the whole businesse.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Gules, three Lyons Gambes or Pawes, Erased, Argent, by the name of Newdigate of Warwick-shire, of which Family a worthy Ornament is Richard Newdigate Serjeant at Law, and one of the Justices of the upper Bench.

* 1.670

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Lyons pawes Erased, in Saltire, the Dexter surmounted of the Sinister, Gules. That Lyons, Panthers, and Leopards do hide their clawes within their skin when they goe or run, it may seem a little miracle; for they do never extend them but when they offer to seize their prey, lest they should be blunted, and so become less servicea∣ble for the apprehension, retention, and division of of their prey.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Lyons pawes, Couped,* 1.671 and Erected, Argent, Armed, Gules, by the name of Ʋsher. Sometimes these pawes are found borne upon Or∣dinaries, as in this next Escocheon, where there is a Ly∣ons pawe borne upon a Canton. And you must observe, that albeit I do here use but one example for an in∣stance, yet shall you by observation find them borne as well upon other Ordinaries as on this.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Canton, Sable, a Lyons pawe erased in bend, Or, by the name of Bowtheby.* 1.672 This one Coat doth minister occasion of a twofold obser∣vation; the one, that this member is borne upon Ordinaries: the other that it is borne after the man∣ner or fashion of Ordinaries, as Cheuron-wayes, Crosse∣wayes, Saltire-wayes, &c. As by the precedent exam∣ples may appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Lyons tailes erected and e∣rased, Argent, by the name of Corke.* 1.673 The Lyon hath great strength in his taile, the much motion whereof is a manifest token of anger: when he mindeth to assaile his enemy, he stirreth up himself by often beating of his back and sides with his taile, and thereby stirreth up his courage, to the end he do nothing faintly or cowardly. The Lyon when he is hunted, carefully provideth for his safety, labou∣ring to frustrate the pursuite of the Hunters by sweeping out his foot-steps with his taile as he goeth, that no appearance of his track may be discovered, whereby they may know which way to make after him.

The Lyon beareth his Taile after a diverse manner, insomuch as we may thereby (if not certainly know, yet give a near guesse) what a moode he is in for the present, viz. whether he be furiously bent, or peaceable, or majestically affected. And these qualities are manifestly discerned by the Inversion, Eversion, or Extention, &c. of his Taile.

Here may rise a question, Whether the bearing of the Taile of the Lyon in any of these severall manners be a sufficient difference to prevent all causes of challenge?

For my own part (albeit I have not read or seen in Gerard Leigh, Boswell, Ferne, or any other Armoriall Writers the state of this question handled) I hold that they be differences sufficient to debar all chal∣lenge: my reasons are these; first, Sufficit quod inter Arma mea & tua talis sit differentia, qua detur diversitas. And again, Nova forma dat novum esse rei: I hold them not onely to be differences, secundum quid; but simpli∣citer, that is to say, absolute and essentiall differences. Furthermore, Data una dissimilitudine etiam paria judicabuntur diversa. Moreover expe∣rience sheweth us, that the least addition or substraction in Armoriall signes maketh them cease to be the same that they were; Omnia Arma

Arithmeticis figuris sunt simillima, quibus si quid addas vel subtrahas non rema∣net eadem species, as I have formerly shewed. Finally, for approbation of these my opinions I will add this infallible assertion; Ea differunt quorum definitiones differunt.

These are my reasons that induce me to be of this opinion, that the di∣verse manner of bearing of the Taile of the Lyon as aforesaid, are or may be (without exception) essentiall differences: which neverthelesse I referre to the Iudicious censure of the learned in this profession, who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds.

But because demonstration is the best of Arguments to convince the in∣credulous, it is apparant that Buxtons Coat before mentioned differs not from that of Smeres, but only in the manner of the bearing of the tail, both of them being Argent, a Lyon Rampand, Sable, onely in Buxtones Coat the taile is elevated and turned over the head of the Lyon, as it more plainly ap∣peares before in this present Chapter.

Now as touching particularizing of the before-mentioned assertion, I say that the Eversion of the taile of the Lyon is an expresse token of his placabilitie or tractablenesse, as contrariwise the Inversion of his taile is a note of his wrath and fury, especially if he doe beate the backe therewith, and doe roare withall: of this property of the Lyon Catullus maketh men∣tion in these words.

Age, coede terga cauda tua, verbera pateant Face, cunctá mugienti fremitu loca retonent.

The gate of a Lyon when he is passant is an apparant note of his juris∣diction, and regall authoritie and Soveragnitie wherewith the extension of his taile doth fitly quadrate and agree: inasmuch as when hee hunteth after his prey, he roareth vehemently, whereat the Beasts being astonish∣ed doe make a stand, whilest hee with his taile maketh a circle about them in the sand, which circle they dare not transgresse, which done out of them he maketh choise of his prey at his pleasure.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is party per Pale, Gules and Azure, a Tiger Passant, Argent. This was the paternall Coat-Armour, of that grave Citizen Iohn Mabb Chamberlaine of Lon∣don in the time of Queene Elizabeth, Grandfather of Ralph Mab, at whose charges the second Edition was presented to the publike view. The Tiger may well take place next to the Lyon, it being a beast of great cruelty and incomparable swiftnesse, whence some thinke the River Tigris had its name.

* 1.674

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tiger Passant, Regardant, ga∣zing in a mirrour or Looking-glass, all Proper. This Coat-Armour standeth in the Chancell of the Church of Thame, in Oxford-shire, in a Glasse window of the same Chancell, Impaled on the sinister side with the Coate-Armour properly pertaining to the Family of de Bardis. Near to this Escocheon is placed this in∣scription, Hadrianus de Bardis Prebendarius istius

Ecclesiae. Some report that those who rob the Tiger of her young, use a po∣licy to detain their dam from following them, by casting sundry looking-glasses in the way, whereat she useth long to gaze, whether it be to behold her own beauty, or because when she seeth her shape in the glasse, she thinketh she seeth one of her young ones, and so they escape the swiftness of her pursuit. And thus are many deceived of the substance, whilst they are much busied about the shadowes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Beare Passant, Argent.* 1.675 It is written of the She Beare that she bringeth forth her young ones unperfect and deformed, like a lump of raw flesh, and licks it till it come to shape and perfection. The She-beare is most cruelly inraged against any that shall hurt her young, or despoile her of them: as the Scripture saith in setting forth the fierce anger of the Lord, that he will meet his adversaries, as a Beare robbed of her whelps. Which teacheth us how carefull Nature would have us to be of the welfare of our children, sith so cruell beasts are so tender hearted in this kind.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Beare Rampand, Sable, muz∣led, Or, by the name of Barnard. The Countries that were reputed famous for the Cruelty of Beares were Lucania, and Ʋmbria in Italy, now called the Dutchy of Spoletum; and so in ancient times was our Island of Britaine; for Beares were carryed from hence to Rome for a shew, where they were holden in great admira∣tion. The Beare by nature is a cruell beast, but this here demonstrated unto you, is (to prevent the mis∣chief it might otherwise do, as you may observe) as it were bound to the good behaviour with a muzle: I must confesse I have often seen a Sable Beare Saliant, in a Field, Argent, borne by the name of Bernard.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Beares heads erased, Sable, muzled, Or, by the name of Pen∣narthe of Cornwall.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Beare is reported to combate with the Bull; in which fight he useth no lesse policy than strength; as evidently may appeare out of Aristotle de Animalibus lib. 8. chap. 230.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse between three Bears heads couped, Sable, musled, Or, which is the Coat of the Honourable Lord John Disborow, one of his Highnesse Privy Counsell, and Generall at Sea, and Major Generall of the West.

* 1.676

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Wolfe Saliant, Argent, lan∣gued and armed, Gules, by the name of Downe. Some such Ensigne did Macedon the son of Osyris (surna∣med Jupiter the just, whose Father was Cham the Son of Noah) beare in his Shield at such time, as he together with divers of his Brethren and Kinsfolke, did warfare under the conduct of Osyris, as wit∣nesseth Diodorus Siculus: Osyridem duo filii, virtute dispares, Anubis & Macedon, prosequuti sunt, uterque Armis usus est insignibus, aliquo animali haud ab eorum natura dissimili: nam Anubis Canem, Macedon Lupum, insigne Armorum tu∣lit. Anubis (saith he) gave a Dog for his device on his Armes, and Macedon a Wolfe. This Coat-armour may serve to exemplifie that which I have formerly delivered, touching the Antiquity of Armes. The ancient Ro∣mans also in their Military ensignes did beare the Wolfe, as appeareth by Vegelius Valturius, and others.

* 1.677

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, two Wolves passant, Argent, by the name of Low. Ʋpton leaveth to the conside∣ration of Heralds, whether the bearing of the Wolfe in Armes be not fit for such persons as in Parliament and places of great Assembly, are accustomed to wrangle and shew themselves contentious; and (quasi Johannes in opposito) to put on a resolute de∣termination to be contrary to all others. For it is the Wolves nature when they assemble together to fall a howling. Some write that those who sud∣denly look on a Wolfe, do lose their voice; it were fit, such wolvish and snarling persons, would look on themselves in a glasse, and so become silent.

Thus ending with the Wolfe, I will perclose this tract of beasts of fierce nature, comprehending all others of this kind, as Ounces, Lynxes, Hyenaes, Panthers, &c. under these before handled. Forasmuch as the greatest part of the generall Rules, as also of the sundry formes of bearing attributed unto Lyons and Wolves, may be aptly applyed to all, or the greatest part of other Beasts of like nature.

SECT. III. CHAP. XVI.

HAving given examples of Ravenous and Fierce kind, that by main force do prosecute and obtain their prey: I will now proceed to the hand∣ling of beasts lesse Fell and harmfull; of which number some are Wilde and Savage, other are Domesticall and Sociable, as Dogs of all sorts, of which I will first intreat; because the Dog, whether it be for pleasure and Game in field, or for thrift and guard at home, deserveth a very high estimation, and of all Dogs, those of chase are most in use in Armory; whereof some prose∣cute their prey speedily, others more leasurably; of the first sort is the Grey∣hound, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Greyhound passant, Sable,* 1.678 by the name of Holford. Such Dogs as do pursue their Game with a more leasurely pace, are Hounds fitted for all sorts of Game: as Hart-hounds, Buck-hounds, Harriers, Otter-hounds, Bloud-hounds, &c. which are of some au∣thors called Odorisequi canes, quia odoratu investigant, for following by the smell; and Cicero calleth them, Sagaces canes, because of their tender and quick sent; and both these and the Greyhound are called canes ve∣natici, Dogs for the chase.

Note that it appeareth in an old Manuscript treating of blazon, that a Greyhound cannot properly be termed Rampand, for it is contrary to his kind to appear so fierce as the Author there writeth in his said book, now remaining in the custody of that worthy Knight, Sir William Seger, Garter, Principall King of Armes, whose great study and travell in this Heraldicall Art, hath by his own works already published, been sufficiently manifest.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Bars, Sable, charged with three Treefoyles of the Field in Chief, a Greyhound Currant of the second; this is the Coat of Sir William Palmer of Clarkenwell Knight, a Learned and Ingeni∣ous Gentleman, who by Dorothy his Lady, a worthy Daughter of so noble a Father Sir John Brampston Knight, Lord chief Justice of the Kings Bench, hath an hopefull issue.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Talbot passant, Argent,* 1.679 by the name of Borgoigne. It is a generall observation, that there is scarce any Vertue incident to a man, but there are singular Sparks & resemblances of the same in the sundry kinds of Dogs: For some are so couragious, as if they be in the encounter, you may cut off a Leg or any Lim before they will let go their Holdfast: in which kind the English Mastiffe hath highest praise; insomuch that Histories report, that the Romans took Mastiffes hence, to carry in their Armies instead of Souldiers: Some others have been so trusty and loving to their Masters, as being by error lost, they have refused meat, though it were to their death,

till they saw their Masters againe. For their admirable Property in finding any thing that is lost, in fetching any thing they are injoyned, in pursuing any man by the sent of his Foote after he is Fled; it requireth a Naturalists large discourse, rather than the touch of an Heralds pencill.

* 1.680

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Fesse Dauncette, between three Talbots passant, Sable, by the name of Carrick. These kinde of dogges, are called in Latine, Canes sagaces, for the tendernesse of their sent, and quicknesse of smell∣ing, because thereby they doe readily discover and finde out the Tracks, fourmes, and lodgings of beasts of chase, and of Savage kinde: which done they doe pro∣secute their undertaken chase with open mouth, and continuall cry; that oftentimes through hot pursuite they do so tire it, as that it is either taken up by the Hunts men, or do become a prey to themselves.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse, betweene three talbots Heads erased, Or, by the name of Burton of Lindley in the County of Leicester. To this head must bee refer∣red all other Sorts of Dogges of Prosecution: As Beagles, Terriers, and such like, so called, Quia feras sub terra prosequuntur (for that they prosecute their prey un∣der the Ground, as the others do above ground) also Land, and Water-spaniels, and such others. Now for the Wild or Savage sort of beasts, some do atchieve their Prey by Subtill meanes, as Foxes, Ferrets, Weasels, Cattes, &c. some by prudent Providence, as the Hedde-hogge, Squirrell, and such like. Others also there are, whose care is, not so much how to come by their prey, as that themselves become not a prey to others; as Hares, Conies, &c. Of these briefely, I will give some few examples, to shew to what head they are to be reduced, as followeth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, two Reynards, counter saliant in bend, the dexter surmounted of the Sinister-like, Gules, by the name of Kadrod-Hard of Wales. These are somewhat unlike Samsones Foxes, that were tyed together at the Tailes; and yet these two agree in Ali∣quo tertio: They came into the Field, like two enemies, but they meant nothing less than to fight, and there∣fore they passe by each other; like two crafty Law∣yers, which came to the barre, as if they meant to fall out deadly about their Clients cause; but when they have done, and their Clients purses well spunged, they are better friends than ever they were, and laugh at those Geese, that will not beleeve them to be Foxes, till they (too late) finde themselves Fox-bitten.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, three Cats-a-mountain in Pale, Passant, Azure, this is the Coat of that worthy Citizen Thomas Adams Esquire, Lord Mayor of this City, 1646. yet living, 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Cat-a-mountains Pas∣sant, in Pale, Sable, and is the Coat of Jonathan Keate of London, an Ingenious Gentleman, son of Gilbert Keate Esquire, deceased.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Azure, betweene three Squerrils Seiant, Gules, by the name of Lovell.* 1.681 This Beast hath his name Sciurus, or Scuitell, by reason of the largenesse of his Taile, which shadoweth all his body. And is therein like one, who carefully keeping the love and affection of his Followers and Retainers, is sure they will sticke to him, protect and shaddow him in time of need: To whom those Villaines (men∣tioned in the Roman history) were much unlike, who betrayed their Proscribed Lords, flying to them for Shelter and secret Coverture: and such a one was the faithlesse Cartismandua, to whom our renowned British King Caractacus, flying to hide himselfe, till he might gather his forces together against the Romans, she betrayed him unto his foes, to the ruine of this Kingdome: that Infamous Queene had not Caudam Sciuri, a Squirels shadowing Tayle; but Caudam Draconis, Fiery and venemous.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The field is Parted per Fesse, Gules and A∣zure, in the first Sixe whole Ermines, Ermyne, Couchant, three and three, This was the Coate-armour of a Bishop in the Kingdome of Scotland who lived Anno Dom. 1474. as I finde it in Master Garters (before mentioned) Manu∣script. The Surname of this Bishop is not there set downe. I have inserted this Coat-armour, in regard of the raritie of the bearing of this Beast whole in an Escocheon, which is seldome so used: but the Skinne of this beast is of very frequent use in Armes, it being that furre in Blazon called Ermyne, of which I have for∣merly treated in this book, Section 1. Chapter 4. I was as curious as I could in procuring this Escocheon to be cut like unto that which is depicted in that Manuscript, because I was desirous to demonstrate unto you the fash∣ion of Escoheons of those times, I must confesse that I finde the Blazon there to differ from this of mine; for there he beginneth to Blazon the Base part of the field first, which manner of Blazon at this day is not approved of by English Blazoners.

To these must be added all other fourefooted beasts that are provident in acquiring their food, as the Hedghog, and such other. It resteth that I should now give example of the last sort of beasts, among them of Savage kinde before spoken of, which are those timerous and fearefull nature. Such are these that follow and their like.

* 1.682

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Conies, Sable, by the name of Strood. Conies are bred in most Countries, but in few are they so plentifull as in England. Amongst the Baleares they were so abundant, as that the people made sute to Augustus to grant them a military com∣pany of Pioneers to destroy them. Of this little beast it seemeth that men first learned the Art of undermi∣ning and subverting of Cities, Castles, and Towers, by the industry of Pioneers.

* 1.683

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He beareth, Gules, three Conies Seiant, Argent a Sable, Bordure Ingrailed, by the name of Conisbie. Though nature hath not given these timorous kinds of beasts such craft or strength as to the former; yet are they not destitute of their succours, in that they have their strong Castles and habitations in the earth, and their food ever growing so nigh them, that they need not put themselves into danger except they list.* 1.684

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He beareth, Argent, on a Fesse Nebule, Sable, three Hares heads couped, Or, by the name of Harewell. The Hare is a simple creature, and reposeth all her safety in swiftnesse, wherein she useth many shifts to help her self withall, both to defend her self from the perill of the Hounds, and to frustrate the endeavours of the Huntsmen. She naturally feareth the Eagle, Hawke, Fox, and Wolfe, her naturall enemies. It is strange which some have written of Hares, that their nature is, for the self same to be sometimes Male, and sometimes Female. Such an one also (as Poets write) was Tiresias, of The∣bes, who being a man, became a woman, and so continued seven years, and then returned again to his former shape. Afterward a great controversie rising betwixt Jupiter and Juno, whether the man or the woman were more insatiate of Venerie, or took most delight therein, he was chosen Arbiter in the matter, and gave the Garland to Juno and the Female Sex, as being invincible in the incounters of Venus.

* 1.685

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He beareth, Vert, a Tortois passant, Argent, by the name of Gawdy. The shels of the Arcadian Tortoises, are very great, therefore out of them they do make Harps, whereof Mercury is said to be the Inventor, who finding a Tortois left upon the Rocks after the falling of the River Nilus,* 1.686 the flesh being consumed, and the sinewes that remained dried up, he strake them with his hand, and they made a kind of Musical sound whereupon he framed it into a Harp, which caused others to imitate his practise, and to con∣tinue the same unto this day.

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He beareth, Azure, A Tortois erected, Or, by the name of Cooper: this Escocheon, I have caused to be in∣serted in this Edition to manifest the various bearing of this Gressible Reptile in Armorie.

And hitherto we have handled such Terrestriall A∣nimals onely, as are called Vivipara, because they do bring forth Living creatures; whereas the other Ter∣restrials do bring forth Egs, and are therefore named Ovipara, of which sort we will speak in the next place.

SECT. III. CHAP. XVII.

THis other sort of four footed Egge-bearing Animals (as I may so terme them) notwithstanding that in many things they have no small re∣semblance with man, aswell touching the faculties of the Vegetable soule, as also the parts of the body: yet are they farre more unlike us than those that bring forth a living Creature. And albeit that these Egge-breeding four footed Animals do consist of the same bodily parts that the Vivipara, or Ani∣mal-producing doe, and of the foure humors that are answerable in qua∣lity to the foure Elements, and have all parts as well internall as externall senses, and many other things wherein they doe communicate with the Vivipara; yet are there many other things wherein they differ not only from these, but also even amongst themselves one from another of them. For neither doe we finde in these that quicknesse of wit that we observe in others, neither like parts of strength of Body that the other have.

Like as man (especially in his soule) approacheth neer unto God in like∣nesse; so, in like manner doe other Animals resemble man, wherein they doe participate with man in likenesse, after some sort, but in diverse de∣grees, forasmuch as some of them have more and some lesse likenesse with us than others have.

There is not (saith Beda) amongst the Universall workes of nature, any one thing so little, or of so base esteeme, wherein a man cannot finde some divine thing worthy of admiration. No lesse (saith Farnesius) may we admire the force of a silly Flea, than the hugenesse and strength of an Elephant.

Not without reason doth the Husband man prognosticate the approach of some great shower of Raine by the croaking of Frogges, more frequent than usuall, whereupon he saith, that they doe cry for Raine. For this observation is grounded upon a Physicall reason, Omne enim simile gaudet suo simili, & suae naturae utili ac convenienti; Every like is delighted with his like, and with that which is commodious and agreeable to his nature; Sithence then that Frogges are exceedingly delighted with water, as with that which best agreeth with their nature, therefore when they doe ap∣prehend a fore-sence of Raine, they doe rejoyce, and doe testifie their joy by singing after their manner.

Animals of base esteeme, and of no industry, have (for the most part) not onely foure but manifold Feet: whereby we are admonished that per∣verse and evill diposed persons have multiplicities of affections, in respect that by the motion of the Feet our bodies are perduced from place to

place; so doe our affections transfer us from one delight to another, ac∣cording to that saying, Pes meus, affectus meus, eo feror, quocunque feror.

Though some perhaps may esteem these Egge bearing Animals unwor∣thy the dignity of Coat-Armour: yet for my own part, I hold their bea∣ring to be no lesse Honourable than many of those that in common estimati∣on are reputed far more worthy; insomuch that they may well beseem the bearing of the greatest Potentate. For if it pleased the Soveraign King of Kings to use them as his speciall instruments to chastise the stubbornnesse of such as rebelled against his Ordinance, and to arme those his minute and weak creatures, with such an incredible boldnesse, as that they feared not the face or forces of men, but that the very Frogs entred the houses and chambers of the Aegyptians, upon the people, into their Ovens, and into their kneading Troughes; yea even into King Pharaohs Chamber, and upon his Bed: Moreover if God hath vouchsafed to give to the Grashopper, the Canker-worme, the Catterpiller, and the Palmer-worm, the honourable title of his huge great Army, why should we prize them at so low a rate, as that we should disdain to bear them in Coat-Armour? Sithence God saith by the Prophet Joel, I will render you the yeers which the Grashopper hath eaten, the Canker-worme, and the Catterpiller, and the Palmer-worm; my great Host which I sent among you.

It is therefore to be observed, that they also have their actions not to be omitted in Blazon, albeit not in that variable manner, nor yet so copi∣ous as some others. And because they are far different from those former∣merly handled, not onely in shape but also in the manner of their living, in their gate and actions, therefore must they receive a divers manner of Blazon. They are called in Latine Reptilia, or Creeping things; Quia rep∣tant super terram; and here we must distinguish between those things, quae reptant, which Creep, as Frogs, Ants, &c. and those quae serpunt, which glide, as Snakes, which latter kind we shall speak of afterward.

But here we mention those Reptiles which are Gressible, such as by means of their feet, are able to go step by step from one place to another, so ter∣med à gradiendo, which is proceeding by degrees; and hitherto also are re∣ferred such as by skipping, mounting or leaping, raise their bodies above ground, and so alter their station, place or seat. Of which kinds, some have four feet, some have more. Such as have four feet only, are these that fol∣low with their like.

I have omitted in my second Edition that Escocheon Sol, charged with three Toades erected, Saturne, which according to some Authors was the Coat Armour of the ancient Kings of France, because since my first E∣dition I find great variety of opinions concerning this matter, of which I have given a touch in the first Chapter of the first Sect. page 5. And in liew thereof I do present you with the Ancient Coat-Armour of the same charge borne by a Family in this Kingdome.

* 1.687

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He beareth, Argent, three Toades erected, Sable, by the name of Botereux of Cornwall, which Family long since there flourished, as you may read in lear∣ned Camden. Toades and Frogs do communicate this naturall property, that when they sit, they hold their heads steady & without motion: which stately action Spencer in his Sheapheards Calender calleth the Lording of Frogs. The bearing of Toades (after the o∣pinion of some Armorists) doth signifie a hasty Cho∣lerick

man, that is easily stirred up to anger, whereunto he is naturally prone of himself, having an inbred poison from his birth.

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He beareth, Argent, three Moules, Sable, their Snout, and feet, by the name of Nangothan or Mangotham, a Family, as I take it of Scotland. I could not well here term these Moules Proper, because there be many white Moules, which colour whether in them it is occasioned by age or not, I will not here dispute. The Moule in Latine is called Talpa, from the Greek word, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. Caecus, Caecitas.

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He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Moles or Wants, Sable, and is the Coat of Sir George Twisleton of Barley in Yorkshire Baronet, of which Fa∣mily is also that of the same surname at Dartford in Kent, Colonel Twisleton and others.

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He beareth, Azure, three Hedg-hogs, Or, by the name of Abrahall. The Hed-hog signifieth a man ex∣pert in gathering of substance, and one that provi∣dently layeth hold upon profered opportunity, and so making Hay (as we say proverbially) whilst the Sun doth shine, preventeth future want.

Bara in his Book intituled, Les Blazones dez Armo∣ries giveth an example of two Lizards, erected one a∣gainst another (as if they were Combatand) and ter∣meth them Rampand, a terme very unfitly applyed to Reptiles, to whom the terms of mounting, leaping, or skipping are much more proper. To this head must be reduced, Crocodyles, Salamanders, Ca∣melions, Ewtes, Lizards, and whatsoever other Egge-bearing Reptile having onely four feet, as to their naturall and proper place. There resteth yet one other sort of this kind of Reptiles, which are diversly shaped from all the former, and are called in Latine Insecta Animalia, because that being divided in their body between their head and belly, their parts do seem so divided as if they hanged onely together by small strings; having no flesh, blood, sinewes, &c. And there are also insecta which flye,* 1.688 but here we speak onely of Terrestrials, leaving the other to their due place; and because such bearing is rare, I am inforced (rather than to passe them over with silence) to use Coats of Device, for expressing their sundry formes, as in example.

* 1.689

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He beareth, Or, a Cobweb, in the Center thereof a Spi∣der, proper. The Spider is borne free of the Weavers Company; she studieth not the Weavers Art, neither hath she the stuffe whereof she makes her thread from any where else, than out of her own wombe from whence she draweth it; whereof through the agility and nimblenesse of her feet, she weaveth ginnes, and dilateth, contracteth, and knitteth them in form of a Net. And with the threads that she draweth out of her body, she repaireth all rents and wracks of the same. Not unaptly is mans life resembled to a Spiders webbe, which is wrought with much care and diligence, and is suddenly marred with the least occurrent that may befall it. For that it is protracted with much care and diligence, and suddenly ended by swallowing of a Crum, or Haire, or some other lesser accident (if lesse may be.) In like manner Sophisticall Ar∣guments are likened to Spiders webbes, for that they are framed with much Artificial cunning, and yet are fit for no use, but to intangle Flies and weak capacities. And to like purpose doth the Poet compare the execution of Lawes to Cobwebs, saying,

Lawes like Spiders webs are wrought, Great Flies escape, and small are caught.

* 1.690Ʋpton saith, that he hath seen Spiders borne in Coat-armour by a certain Lombard. By the Spider we may understand a painfull and industrious person, occupied in some honest and necessary businesse, a man carefull of his pri∣vate estate, and of good foresight in repairing of small decayes, and pre∣venting of wracks. The Spider her self is poysonfull and deadly, yet is her web reckoned an Antidote against poyson, notwithstanding the same is ex∣tracted out of her wombe. In like sort (saith Aelianus) out of the poyson∣full contagion and infectious venome of sin and transgression, the Sove∣raign powers do take occasion to extract and establish wholesome and pro∣fitable lawes,* 1.691 against such notorious crimes. Of the Spider, Salomon writeth in this manner; The Spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in Kings Palaces.

* 1.692A very remarkable note doth Farnesius propose unto us, taken from this poore despised creature the Spider, touching the procreation of Chil∣dren. It is a matter of great consequence of what Parents a man is de∣scended. If we desire (saith he) to have a good rase of Horses, a litter of speciall good Hounds for game, choice Plants and stocks to plant our Or∣chards and Gardens with delectable fruits, do we not use our uttermost endeavour to effect them. How much greater should our care and provi∣dence be in the procreation of our children? The first instruction that the children receive is in the veines and bowels of their Parents, whereof we may take an Example from Spiders, which are no sooner hatched and excluded out of their Egs, but forthwith they practise to make webs; as if they had brought with them (even out of their Mothers wombe) toge∣ther with their life, the Artificiall skill of webbing. Holy and reverent is that piety that we owe to our Parents, Parens enim est genitor, parens pa∣tria, parens denique est ipse Deus. For he that begot us is our parent, our Country is our parent, and lastly God himself is our parent.

It hath been often questioned, why the Father loveth the Son more de••••ly, tenderly and affectionately, than the Son doth the Father. The

reason is this, Quia patris amor in filium a natura est, filii in parentem ab of∣ficio. The affectionate love of the Father proceedeth of Nature, that of the son of duty: Therefore the sacred Law hath decreed, Amabis patrem & matrem tuam, Thou shalt love thy Father and thy Mother, but not contrari∣wise: for where the Law of Nature speaketh, there is no need it should be assisted by Commandement. Notwithstanding (even naturally) the love of the son to the Father is great.

We may learn (saith Zanchius) by these minute Animals, how many and how great instructions we may receive from the universall number of creatures, that God hath given us for instructors and teachers of Morall Discipline, so that we will open our eyes to behold them, and listen to Gods disciplining us in them.

Admirable doubtlesse is the Omnipotency of God in these his creatures; for as Saint Hierome saith, Epist. ad Heliod. Creatorem non in Coelo tantum mi∣ramur, &c. We do not admire Gods power in Heaven only and in earth, the Sun, Elephants, Camels, Oxen, Boares, Lyons, &c. but also in his smallest creatures; the Ant, Flea, Flye, and small Worme, and others of like kind, whose bodies or shapes are better known unto us than their names.

So much were the Israelites assotted in Idolatry, as that they esteemed beasts for Gods, as appeareth Wisdome 12.24. For they went astray farre in the wayes of errour, and esteemed the beasts, which their enemies despised, for gods, being abused after the manner of children, that have no understanding.

So long is any Animal or living creature said to have life,* 1.693 as he hath breath, and the exercise thereof. And this rule holdeth not onely in four-footed Animals, but also in those that we call Insecta, and in gliding Animals also: As both Galen and Pliny do teach: though Aristotle denieth these lat∣ter to have breath, but therein he speaketh comparatively, viz. in respect of other Animals that do attract and deliver their breath more strongly and more sensibly, they seem to have no breath at all.

One example more I will propose which shall be of the Emmet, is in this next Escocheon.

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He beareth, Argent, eleven Emmets, 3.2.3.2.1.* 1.694 Sable. Of this silly creature also doth Solomon make mention, saying, The Pismires a people not strong,* 1.695 yet prepare they their meat in Summer. To this simple and feeble creature is the slothfull man sent to learn wis∣dome, where it is said, Goe to the Pismire O Sluggard, behold her wayes and be wise. For she having no guide, governour nor ruler, prepareth her meat in the Summer, and gathereth her food in Harvest, &c. Very often do the sacred Scriptures propose unto us examples of brute creatures, as well to upbraid us with our vices, as to stir us up unto vertue. For as there are in man sparks of the understanding and practise of heavenly spirits, even so the brute Animals, have certain shadowes or foot-steps of the vertuous qualities, that are or ought to be in men. Moreover,* 1.696 Job 12.7. Aske now the beasts and the fowles of the Heavens, and they shall tell thee; or speak to the earth, and it will shew theee, or the fish of the sea, and they shall declare unto thee. And by the least of Gods creatures may we learn ma∣ny exemplary inducements to vertue, as also many forcible disswasions from vice, by reason of the apparent signes of the wisdome, power and mercy of God that are found in them.* 1.697 By the Emmet or Pismire may be

signified a man of great labour, wisdome and providence in all his affaires, and of a pregnant and ready memory.

The examples hitherto produced, are taken onely from Reptiles gressible, and though of that kind which hath more than four feet, I have alleadged only the two last Examples of Insecta, yet there are some other of many feet, which are not insecta, as the Palmer-worme, Cheeslip, Kitchinbobs, which being touched gather themselves round like a Ball, and such like, which must be referred to the same head. And besides all these, there are yet other some which be both Gressible and volant, such are these, that having their livelihood onely upon the earth, by the help of a kind of wings they oftentimes change their place for the acquiring of their suste∣nance, as in example.

* 1.698

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He beareth, Gules, a Grashopper in Fesse Passant, Or, Grashoppers (saith Pliny) do flye with wings made like Pellicles or fine skins. The Males of the Grashoppers do sing in the Summer season, but the Females are silent. Whereupon the Emmet, who did work (whilst the other did sing) taketh occasion (as it is in the Fable) to taunt their slothfulnes and poverty, saying, Estate quae cantaveris, in Hyeme salta. You that sung all Summer may go shake your heeles in the Winter. Among the Athenians the Grashoppers were holden for a speciall note of Nobility;* 1.699 and therefore they used to weare golden Grashoppers in their haire (as Pierius noteth) to signifie thereby, that they were descen∣ded of noble race and homebred. For such is the naturall property of the Grashopper, that in what soil he is bred, in the same he will live and dye, for they change not their place, nor hunt after new habitations. Hereup∣on Antisthenes took occasion to scoff at the Athenian, saying, that in this property they did communicate with Tortoises and Cockles, born and living in the same shels, Salomon reckoneth the Grashopper for one of the four small things in the earth that are full of Wisdome, saying, The Grashopper hath no King yet go they forth all by bands.

* 1.700There are other of this kind, whose wings are lesse manifest than the Grashoppers, because they are closed in a kind of case that can hardly be dis∣cerned, but when they are preparing to flye for which respect they are called vagipennae (saith Calipine) Quia alas vaginis quibusdam inclusas ha∣bent, for carrying their wings sheathed; as the Hartflye, Beetle, Lady-cow, &c. which together with Locusts, and such other as are both Gressible and vo∣lant, and many-legged, are to be reduced to this head, as to their proper and naturall place. I will close up all these with one example of the Scor∣pion, which Aeianus, and others report, to be winged in Aegypt and India, though he doubts whether they are not rather bred by the heat of the Sun, than by copulation (and if by this latter) whether they come of Egs, or come forth living.

* 1.701

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He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Scorpions reversed, Sable, by the name of Cole. Pierius in his Hieroglyphicks saith, that if a man stricken with a Scorpion fit upon an Asse with his face towards the taile of the Asse, his pain shall passe out of him into the Asse, which shall be tormented for him. In my opinion he that will believe this, is the creature that must be ridden in this case;* 1.702 but that the oyle of

Scorpions is a chief cure against their own stinging, is an ancient observati∣on; and it is a rule of Equity, that where the wrong is offered, there the amends should be made. And as these in this Escocheon are borne with an Ordinary betwixt them, so sometimes are they borne upon Ordinaries (ac∣cording to a generall rule premised) as may be seen in a Window of Saint Giles in the Fields in Middlesex, where is borne in an Escocheon, Gules, three Pallets, Verrey, on a Chief, Or, a Scorpion erected, Sable. And thus much of Gressibles of all sorts.

SECT. III. CHAP. XVI.

NOw touching such Creatures as we termed Gliding:* 1.703 those may pro∣perly be said to be such, which having no Feet at all, do yet move and as it were slide from place to place, some more slowly, but other some with a certain Volubility and flexible Agitation of the Body do make their speedy way upon the Earth, with many pliant Bowings; and of these also, some have for coverture, their Skin onely, some both Skin and Shell also: of the Former sort are those now following, with their like.

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The Field is, Gules, an Adder Nowed, Or,* 1.704 by the name of Nathiley. There is a naturall Antipathie be∣twixt Man and Serpents of all kinds; in which Lite∣••all sense, that was verified which God promised; that there should be Enmity betwixt the Womans Seed and the Serpents, though a Spirituall Enmity betwixt Christ and the Devill (that old Serpent) was principally fore∣told. The Serpent is very Prudent and Subtill, either to Hurt other, or to save himself;* 1.705 but his especiall care is to defend his Head, knowing that part to be the Principall, and withall the weakest. This here enfolded, may seem to be one of the Locks, of that Monstrous Dame Medusa, every Haire of whose Head, was said to be a Snake: and indeed Albertus saith, that the Haire of Women, taken at some seasons and laid in Dung, will become very Vene∣mous Serpents; which some have supposed to befall that Sex, for the anci∣ent familiarity it had at first with that accursed Serpent.

To the four-footed Egge-breeding Animals do the Serpents come very nigh, as also other Reptiles. For all Serpents have blood, flesh, sinewes, and other like parts as four-footed Animals have, although not in that perfection that they have them. They are indowed also with head, nostrils, eyes, tongue, teeth, and with lights and spleen, and other inward parts and bowels of the body, but much discrepant from the members and bowels of all o∣thers.

Notwithstanding that Serpents are farre unequall to four-footed Ani∣mals both in shape and strength; yet will they not give place to many of them for sharpnesse of wit. It is a creature full of subtilty, as Moses testifi∣eth, Gen. 3. And the Serpent was more subtill then any beast of the field; for besides his exterior senses, he is crafty and and subtill in preserving his life, in making choice of his lurking dens, in acquiring his food, in hatch∣ing up his brood, in expelling from him and putting off his old slowgh. So that for good cause did our Saviour exhort us (in goodnesse) to imitate the wisdome of the Serpent.

* 1.706These few examples may serve instead of many, which might be brought of Serpents of sundry other names, and natures, which all are hitherto to be referred. Now let us see one example of such Gliding or Sliding Ani∣mals as are more slow-paced, and have both Skin and Shell to cover them; of which number is the Snaile, reckoned of all other that are borne in Coat-Armour, the slowest: and no marvell, sith it carrieth on her back no lesse a burden than her whole house; for which cause she is called Tardi∣grada Domiporta, the slow-going House-bearer.

* 1.707

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He beareth, Sable, a Fesse, between three House-snailes, Argent, by the name of Shelley. These are cal∣led House-snailes, either because they so carry their houses upon their back, whereby they be aptly di∣stinguished from the Garden snaile, that hath no house or shel, or because usually they breed about old houses. The Bearing of the Snaile doth signifie that much de∣liberation must be used in matters of great difficulty and importance: for albeit the Snaile goeth most slow∣ly, yet in time, by her constancy in her course, she ascen∣deth the top of the highest Tower, as the worthy and learned Gentleman Master Carew of Antony, hath wittily moralized in his Poem intituled the Herrings tail. It is also fabled, that when the Snaile and the Hare were to go a journey for a wager, the Hare confident of his footmanship, resolved to take a nap by the way; the Snaile knowing he had nothing to trust to, but his infatigable perseverance came to his wayes end before the Hare could awake. But a worse thing in the Snailes going is this, that where∣soever he goeth, he leaveth such marks and lines, that a man may as easily track him, as a young thief that is not yet perfect in his trade. And thus by little and little have we also with the Snaile ended one part of our journey concerning Animals Terrestriall, or which live upon the Earth: and be∣cause we have yet much way to travell, we will now take wings, and will mount up with such Creatures as live above the Earth.

SECT. III. CHAP. XIX.

* 1.708A Second general member of our division of living Creatures concerning such as live above the Earth in the Aire, as are the Fowles and Birds of all sorts: and as we distinguished the former by their Feet, so the same Method we will follow in these. Their Feet therefore are in some whole or conjoyned; in others divided: the whole-footed do in a sort resemble the Palme of a mans hand, and are therefore in Latine called Palmipedes; such as the Swan,* 1.709 Goose, Duck, and for the most part all River Fowles, as partly shall appear hereafter by Examples. But here I hold it necessary, en∣tring into this Discourse, to set down some general Rules or Notes concerning the Bearing of Birds or Fowles,* 1.710 that the Reader may know whither to re∣sort for a resolution of such doubts as may arise touching their bearing. Fowles or Birds are of more worthy Bearing in Coat-Armour, than Fishes, because they do more participate of Aire and Fire (the two noblest and highest Elements) than of Water or Earth. All Fowles, of whatsoever kind; must be borne in Coat-armour, as is best fitting the propriety of their natu∣rall

actions, of going, sitting, standing, stying, &c.* 1.711 Otherwise such Armorie shall be said to be false, because Ars imitatur naturam in quantum potest: Art as much as possible it can, doth imitate nature. All Birds are mustered un∣der the name of Fowles as under their Genus or Generall, and so may seem (after a sort) to be one. Neverthelesse, in their Species,* 1.712 or severall kinds they differ much touching their particular qualities: for some of them are simple, some others subtill, some solitarie, some sociable, some melodious, some articulate, some docible, some doltish and indocible, some of long con∣tinuance, and some onely of a few months lasting. Leigh saith, that Birds in an Escocheon shall be numbred unto Tenne, and if they exceed that number,* 1.713 then they shall be said to be sans number, and shall be so Blazoned: but Chassaneus saith, that they shall be numbred unto sixteen; and of such Bearing and Blazoning he giveth instances of Monsieur Montmorancie, and of the Lord Lovale.

Concerning the Beaks or Bills and Feet of Birds, most Armorists finding them to be of a different colour from the rest of the body, do term them all generally, membred. But under reformation of the skill, I hold, that as there is a difference in the Nobility of Birds, so ought they to have distinct terms of blazon: so that all those that either are whole-footed, or have their feet divided, and yet have no Tallons should be termed, membred. But the Cock and also all Birds of prey should be termed in Blazon Armed, for as much as nature hath assigned the Cock (being a Bird much addicted to battle) spurs, and to the birds of prey sharp and hooked Beaks and Tallons,* 1.714 not onely for encounter and defence, but also to seize upon, gripe and rend their prey, and are to them as teeth and clawes unto Lyons, Tigers, and other fierce beasts. Similium enim similis est ratio: Where the things are like, the rea∣son is like. It is generally observed, that amongst Fowles of Prey,* 1.715 the Female is the noblest and most hardie: which Nature did so provide, because (be∣sides her own sustenance) the care of feeding her young doth especially lye on the Female, and therefore if she should be timorous or cowardly, she should not be able to provide food for her self and them. Such Fowles (saith Ʋpton) as either in respect of their uniformity do never change co∣lour naturally, or by nature are diversly coloured, shall be onely named in Bla∣zon, and no mention at all made of their Colours, but shall be termed Pro∣per; unlesse they either in part or in whole be borne of some other Colour than is Naturall to them. In the Blazoning of Fowles much exercised in flight, if their Wings be not displaied, they shall be said to be borne close; as he Beareth an Eagle, Falcon, Swallow, &c. Close. As in other fore-mentioned Creatures, so in Fowles also besides the whole bearing, the Parts or Members are also usually borne in Coat-armour, as the Heads, Wings, Feathers, and Legs: and both Couping and Erasing are as incident unto the parts of Fowles, as of those Terrestrials, as by Examples following shall appear; wherein I will first begin with River Fowles (which for the most part are Whole-footed) using neither Curiousnesse in their form of Placing, or Copious∣nesse in their Number; but onely that by the assistance of some few chief Examples, that which hath been delivered by Precepts and Rules, may be the more easily understood.

* 1.716

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Swan, Argent, by the name Leigham. All River Fowles have their Tails shorter then other Birds; wherein Nature hath providently ordained, that the length of their Tail should not be any impediment to them in their Swimming, Diving, or Running. The Swan is a Bird of great Beauty and Strength also: and this is reported in honour of him; that he useth not his strength to Prey or tyrannize o∣ver any other Fowle, but onely to be revenged on such as first offer him wrong; in which case (saith Aristotle) he often subdueth the Eagle.

* 1.717

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Swan with her wings expansed, Argent, membred, Or, within a bordure engrailed of the same, by the name of Moore. The Swan never encoun∣ters with any other of his own kind, but in these two cases: First, if any other be a Rivall in his love, or of∣fer to court his mate; in which quarrell he will be revenged to the death: also, if another incroach upon his possession and place of haunt, he is never at quiet till he hath expulsed him: and these two points are causes of most quarrels amongst the noblest spirits.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Gules, between three Ogresses, as many Swans, Proper, this is the Coat of George Clerk of Warford in the County of Northampton Esquire, and his Brethren, Robert and Clement, sons of Sir George Clerk sometime Sheriff of London, as also of Francis Clerk of Ʋlcombe in Kent Esquire, and also of George Clerk, Clement Clerk, George Clerk, and a third George Clerk, and others, Merchants of London, descended all from Willoughby in War∣wickshire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, two Swans, Argent, between two Flanches, Ermine, by the name of Mellish of Sandersted in Surrey.

* 1.718

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Swans necks erased, Pro∣per, by the name of Lacy. It seemeth, these Swans dyed a violent death, by the renting of their Necks: but for their natural death, divers write, that it is so acceptable unto them, that foreseeing the same, they sing for joy, which they never do in their young dayes. In which respect, as also for his whitenesse (the colour of sincerity) he was by the Ancients called Apol∣loes Bird, because those that are learned, know best how to contemn this life, and to dye with resolution 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

and Hawks of all sorts, which are much exercised in flying, and albeit they do build their nests, and have their feeding upon the earth, yet is their agi∣tation above in the Ayre. Therefore in regard of the worthinesse of the Ele∣ment, wherein they are chiefly occupied, I will begin with Birds of Prey, and after our former order, first with their whole bearing, and so descend to the parts (promiscuously) of sundry birds, according to the dignity of their place, or more noble use, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, an Eagle displayed, Pearl,* 1.719 Ar∣med, Ruby, on a Canton of the second, a sinister hand couped at the wrist, as the third. These Armes apper∣tained to the right worthy Sir Robert Cotton of Conning∣ton Knight and Baronet now deceased, a learned Anti∣quary, and a singular favourer and preserver of all good learning and Antique Monuments.

The Eagle having her wings thus displayed, doth ma∣nifest her industrious exercise, in that she is not idle,* 1.720 but continually practiseth that course of life where∣unto nature hath ordained her: and doth signifie a man of action, ever∣more occupied in high and weighty affaires, and one of a lofty spi∣rit, ingenious, speedy in apprehension, and judicious in matters of ambi∣guity. For amongst other noble qualities in the Eagle, her sharpnesse and strength of sight is much commended; and it is a greater honour to one of noble off-spring to be wise and of sharp and deep understanding, than to be rich and powerfull, or great by birth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, an Eagle displayed, Sable, being the Coat of Theophilus Biddulph of London and Greenwich in Kent, Esquire, a person much beloved, and well worthy of it, in this City; and also of Ro∣bert Biddulph of London Merchant Adventurer.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, an Eagle displayed, Or. This is the ancient Coat-armour of the Family of Goddard of Norfolke, and by descent belongeth to Guybon God∣dard Esquire, Recorder of Lynne Regis in the said County, and one of the present Judges of the She∣riffs Court London, 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, an Eagle displayed, Gules, Ar∣med, Or, by the name of Beddingfield. This is an Anci∣ent Family and of good note in the Counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. The Eagle is said to be Altivolans avis, an high-soaring bird, that sometime flyeth so high a pitch, as that she transcendeth the view of man: she hath a tender care of her yong, when they be fligge or flush (as we say) and ready for flight, then she stirreth

up her nest and fluttereth over them; yea, she taketh them on her wings, and so soareth with them through the Ayre, and carryeth them aloft, and so frecth them from all danger. In that she carrieth her young ones rather upon her Wings than in her Tallons, she sheweth her tender care and love that she beareth unto them. She is abundantly full of feathers, by means whereof she glideth through the Ayre very lightly, and maketh way through the same with great expedition and swiftnese. Our persecutors (saith J.r.) are swifter than the Eagles of heaven. And again, 2. Sam. 1.23. Saul and Jonathan were swifter than Eagles. The Crown of her head is enlarged with baldnesse as her years are encreased. As we may see Mic. 1.16. Make thee bald and shave thee for thy delicate children: Enlarge thy baldnesse as the Eagle, for they are gone into Captivity from thee. Wherein the Prophet allu∣deth to the customes of the Gentiles, who in the time of their mourning used to shave their heads, and cut their flesh, and to scortch the same with stigmaticall markes, which customes God did expressely forbid the Isra∣elites to use, as appeareth Deut. 14.1.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, an Eagle displayed Checkey, Sol, and Mars. This Coat-armour (according to Bara) per∣taineth to the Kingdome of Moravia. Albeit that this kind of bearing may seem strange to us in England, yet is it very common in Germany (saith Sir John Fern in his Glory of Generosity) to bear beasts or any quick thing of Colours checkie, as well as any other charge of dead things. And notwithstanding that such bearing be not agreeable to nature, yet (saith he) if it were either as Ancient, or borne by so great an estate (in re∣gard of the Armory) it holdeth comparison with the Coat of Caesar which is Or, an Eagle displayed, with two Necks, Sable, as far dissenting from Na∣ture, since it is monstrous for one body to have two heads. Yet in this and o∣ther like, there are speciall mysteries of as honourable intendments as there is in those that are borne according to Nature.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, three Eagles displayed, in Fesse, Or, by the name of Winne, this is the Coat of Sir Owen Winne Baronet, son and heir of Sir John Winne of Gwidder in Carnarvanshire, created Baronet June 29. 1611. This is also the Coat of Sir John Williams of Minster in the Isle of Thanet, created Baronet Apr. 22. 1642. nor is it strange to see two names bearing the same Coat, considering they are descended from one Tribe, and the different surname is but a late accident.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, an Eagle displayed between two Cotizes, Argent, a Canton sinister, Or, by the name of Jordan of Catwick in the County of Surry. Now I will shew you an example where three of these kind of Birds are borne together upon one Ordina∣ry, but when you find two or more of them so borne, or in one Escocheon without interposition of some Ordinary between them, you must not then terme them Eagles but Eaglets as Leigh hath obser∣ved,

pag. 99. And I take it this Rule of his is grounded upon the same reason, that I have formerly given concerning Lyons and Lyoncels in the 15 chap. of this third Section page 177. for the Eagle is the Soveraign of Birds, as the Lyon is of Beasts.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Gules, three Eaglets displayed, Or, an Annulet (for a difference of a fifth brother) of the second. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the family of Abington of Dowdeswell in the County of Glocester, of which was descended that generous Gentleman Mr. Abington now deceased, sometime Gentleman Ʋsher to Prince Henry, and afterward one of the Gentlemen Pensioners, both to King James and also to our now Soveraign. These Eaglets because they be still in exercise, do lively represent their Sires to be no bastards, or degenerate brood. It is Storied, that the old Ea∣gles make a proof of their young, by exposing them against the Sun-beames, and such as cannot steddily behold that brightnesse, are cast forth, as un∣worthy to be acknowledged their off-spring. In which respect William Ru∣fus, King of this Land, gave for his Device an Eagle looking against the Sun,* 1.721 with this word, Perfero, I can indure it: to signifie he was no whit dege∣nerate from his puissant Father the Conqueror.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Cheuron, Verrey, between three Eagles displaied, Or: this is the Coat-armour of Sir Willi∣am Wilmer of Sywell in the County of Northampton Knight. The true magnanimity and fortitude of the mind is signified by the Eagle, which never seeketh to combate with any small Birds, or those which for their weaknesse be far unequall to her self.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, Engrailed, Ermine, between 3 Eagles, Argent. It may be objected that the usuall way of bearing Eagles nine times in ten, being displayed, these might have been blazoned close for distinction, but I love brevity, and think this significant enough to a punctuall Emblazoner. This is the Coat of the spreading family of Child, and is thus borne by Major John Child of London, Bur∣gesse for Portsmouth in the Parliament called 1658. and was entred in the visitation of London 1634.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Eagles heads erased,* 1.722 Sa∣ble, Armed, Or, by the name of Yellen. The Eagle though he mounteth high, yet is his eye stil roving on the ground; so those who are highest elevated in ho∣nor should yet stil entertain the humblest thoughts: But with this difference from the eagle, in that she loo∣keth downward to seek out some prey; which is most unworthy of any noble spirit, whom it ill befitteth to prie and prole into poor mens states to make a prey of them, as those great ones of whom David saith,

that they humbled themselves that the congregation of the poor may fall into the hands of their captains. The Beake of an Eagle in her old age waxeth so hooked that it hindreth her feeding and so impaireth her strength, then (according to some Authors) she flyeth to the rock, and whetteth the same so long untill she makes it proportionable to the nethermost, where∣by she becometh no lesse capable of food than before: And so reneweth her strength as Psal. 103. Which satisfieth thy mouth with good things, making thee young and lusty as an Eagle.

* 1.723

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ruby, two wings, Inverted and conjoy∣ned, Topaz. The wings are Hieroglyphicks of celerity, and sometime of protection and coverture; as the Psal∣mist often speaks of hiding under the shadow of the wings of Gods favour: because the Hens do shelter their young from the rapine of the mightier, with spreading their wings over them. And therefore some have thought that the displaying of the Roman Eagles wings, did signifie the protection of the obedient, and the extending of her griping Tallons, to betoken the rending and ruin of all that were resistant. Like as the Eagle in her life makes prey of all other fowle, so her feathers being mingled with the fa∣thers of other fowles, are said to consume them all to dust: and therefore one compares them to riches gotten by oppression or fraud, which will eate out in time all the rest though well gotten.

* 1.724

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, five Marlions wings in Saltire, Argent. This Coat pertaineth to Sir Arthur Porter of Newarke in the County of Glocester, Knight. As wings of fowles are borne whole, so are their feathers also, amongst which the Ostriches may justly bear praise for beauty, for distinction from all others, and for frequent use and note in Armory; as I could shew by divers examples of their bearing, both by them∣selves, and with and upon Ordinaries: but these fol∣lowing may suffice.

* 1.725

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Bend, Sable, three Ostrich-feathers, Argent, passing through as many Scroles of the first, by the name of Roger Clarenden, that was base son to the puissant Black Prince. The proper co∣nuzance of the Princes of Wales, being the same three feathers borne all together with one Escrole, having this Motto, ICH DIEN; whereby in Princely modesty they dutifully professe, that which Saint Paul avowes, That the Son as long as he is under tuition, is himself a subject. But the Ostrich feathers in plume were sometimes also the Device of King Stephen, who gave them with this word, VINULLA INVERTITUR ORDO, No force alters their fashion, alluding to the fold and fall of the feather, which howsoever the wind may shake it, it cannot disorder it; as likewise is the condition of Kings and Kingdomes well established.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, six Ostriches feathers, 3.2.* 1.726 and 1. Sable, by the name of Jervis. This man was a prin∣cipall Founder of Exbridge in the County of Devon. Of the Ostrich some have doubted whether he should be reckoned a Beast or a Fowle, in respect of some participation of both kinds: yet doth P. Belon du Mans make no scruple at all to sort him among Birds: therefore I have held it fit to place his feathers here amongst the parts of Birds.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, an Eagles leg in Pale, erased,* 1.727 a la quise, Argent, the Tallons, Gules, by the name of Can∣banser. This is termed, a la quise: and Quise in French signifieth a thigh. It is most undoubted that the devourer shall be devoured in his due time; even as the rending and preying leg, is here it self rent off from the body: A worthy document for all great men, whose bearing is of the ravening and preying kind, to stand in fear how they seize on any prey a∣gainst Justice, because if they escape the like mea∣sure with man, yet it is a just thing with God, to shew no mercy to them which are mercilesse.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, two Eagles legs, bar-wayes,* 1.728 erased 〈◊〉〈◊〉 quise, Sable, Armed, Gules. Though the Eagles strength be much in her legs and beake, yet some∣times she is for to use her wit to rend her prey; as especially she doth in breaking open all shell-fish, which she useth (as fortune doth many great men) to carry them up very high, that they might fall with greater force, & so be broken up for her food. Wher∣of there is recorded one memorable, but pitifull ex∣periment on the Poet Aschylus, who sitting in deep meditation, an Eagle thinking his bald head had been a stone, let fall a Tortois upon it, and so made a Tragicall end of that noble Tragedian.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent,* 1.729 a Cheuron between three Ea∣gles Legs Erased, a la quise, Sable, their Tallons Ar∣med, Gules. To these Legs of Eagles, I hold it not unfit to adjoyne (for company) three Ravens Legs, borne after another sort. The Raven was the Ensign of the Danes when they invaded this Kingdome: whose whole bearing, you shall find hereafter.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Ravens legs erased,* 1.730 Sa∣ble, meeting in the Fesse-point, their Guly Tallons extended into the 3 acute corners of the Escocheon, by the name of Owen of Wales, the son of Madock. The Raven hath his name for his Rapine, whence other like Birds are termed Ravenous; but his stomack is most shewed on Dead carcasses, whereas amongst Generous spirits, it is accounted base to be valiant amongst them that cannot resist, or to hurt the name and reputation of the dead.

As the Terrestrial Animals have their peculiar actions and gestures, so doubtless have Birds and Fowles their gesture according to their kind: for sometime we find them born pearching, which action is more usuall with Birds or Fowles of Prey that are throughly mained and brought to the fist. As in this example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a bend Wavie Argent, in the Sinister chief point a Falcon standing on a Pearch, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Hawkeridge of Hawkworthy in the County Devon.

Now, sithence we are come to treat of Fowles of Prey: Whereof (next to the Eagle which is reckon∣ed the Soveraign Queen of all Fowles, like as the Lyon is reputed the King of all Beasts) the Gos∣hawk, the Falcon, the Ger-falcon, and all other long winged Hawkes; as also all Sparhawkes, Marlyons, Hobbeyes, and other like small Fowles of Prey are the chief, it shall not be al∣together impertinent (though therein I do somewhat digresse from my principall purpose, if I give some litte touch of the propriety of terms commonly used of Fawlconers in mannaging their Hawkes, and things to them appurtenent, according to the slendernesse of my skill: always subscribing herein to the censure and reformation of professed Fawlconers. The cause of this my digression, is the desire I have to give some super∣ficiall taste unto Gentlemen of the terms of Fawlconry; like as I have done, Chap. 14. of the terms of skilfull Woodmen, or Huntsmen. That so in their mutuall conversing together, they may be able to speak properly (though but superficially) and deliver their mindes in apt terms, when in their meetings they happen to fall into discourse of the noble recreations and delights, either of our generous Armorial profession, or of Hunting and Hawking; That so the standers by may say of them (when they shall observe their skilfull discourses) as old Father Simon said to Sofia his late Bondman, touching the delights of his Son Pamphilus, Ter. And.

Quod plerique omnes faciunt adolescentuli, Ʋt animum ad aliquod studium adjungant, aut equos Alere, aut canes ad venandum, aut ad Philosophos: Horum ille nihil egregie praeter caetera Studebat, & tamen omnia haec mediocriter.

It is an usuall thing with the most part of young men, to delight them∣selves either in pampering of Horses, or to cherish Dogs for hunting, or to addict themselves to the study of Philosophy; he fixed not his delight in any one of these more then another, yet was he meetly well seen in them all.

The terms of Fawlconry that I purpose to touch in this place, are briefly these that follow:

First, a Hawk is said to Bate, when she striveth to fly from the fist.

She is said to Rabate, when by the motion of the bearers hand she re∣covereth the fist.

You must say, Feed your Hawk, and not Give her meat.

A Hawk is said (after the hath fed) she smiteth, or sweepeth her Beak, and not wipeth her Beak or Bill.

By the Beak of an Hawk, is understood the upper part which is nooked.

The nether part of the Beak, is called the Hawks Clap.

The holes in the Hawks Beak, are called her Nares.

The yollow between the Beak and the Eys, is called the Sere.

Hawks of long small black feathers like hairs about the Sere, are pro∣perly called Crinites.

You must say, your Hawk, jouketh, and not sleepeth.

Also your Hawk pruneth, and not picketh her self.

But your Hawk cannot be said properly to prune her self, but when she begineth at her legs, and fetcheth moisture at her tail, wherewith she em∣balmeth her feet, and striketh the feathers of her wings through her Beak.

Her fetching of the Oil, is called the Note.

Your Hawk is said to Rowse, and not shaketh her self.

Sometime your Hawk countenances, when she picketh her self.

Then shall you not say, She pruneth her self, but that she reformeth her feathers.

Your Hawk Collieth, and not Beaketh; your Hawk straineth, not clitcheth, or snatcheth.

She mantleth, and not stretcheth, when she extends one of her wings along after her legs, and so the other.

After she hath thus mantled her self, she crosseth her wings together over her back, which action you shall term, the warbling of her wings, and say, She warbleth her wings.

You shall say, your Hawk Mutesheth, or Muteth, and not skliseth.

You shall say, Cast your Hawk to the Pearch, and not Set your Hawk upon the Pearch.

Furthermore, You shall say, She is a fair, long, short, thick Hawk, and not a great Hawk.

Also you shall say, This Hawk hath a large, or short Beak, but call it not a Bill.

Also your Hawk is full gorged, and not cropped.

And that she hath a fine head, or a small head well seasoned.

You shall say, Your Hawk putteth over, and Endueth, but both of them in a diverse kind.

She putteth over, when she removeth her meat from her Gorge, into her Bowels, by traversing with her body, but chiefly with her Neck, as a Crane, or some other Bird doth.

She never Endueth, so long as her Bowels be full at her feeding: but as soon as she hath fed, and resteth, she Endueth by little and little.

If her Gorge be voyd, and her Bowels any thing stiff, then shall you say, She is emboweled, and hath not fully endued.

So long as you finde any thing in her Bowels, it is dangerous to give her meat.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Goshawk, Argent,* 1.731 pearching upon a Stock, fixed in the Base Point of the Escocheon of the second, Armed, Jessed, and Belled, Or, by the name of Weele, and is quartered by Copleston of Eg∣ford. This Coat standeth in Staverton Church in the County of Devon: and it may represent some Bearer who was ready and serviceable for high affairs, though he lived at rest, and not imployed.

* 1.732

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Canton, Azure, a Falcon Vo∣lant, with Jesses and Bells of the first, by the name of Thurston. This Fowle hath her Tallons or Pounces in∣wardly crooked like a hook, and is called in Latine, Falco (saith Calepine) Non quod falcatis unguibus, sed quod rostro & aliis tota falcata sit ad rapinam; because it hath both Tallons, Beak, and all made hooked for to prey. Ʋpon calleth her Alietus, saying, Alietus, (ut di∣cit Glossa super, Deuteron. 14.) idem est quod falco. This Bird (according to the same Author) is very bold and hardy,* 1.733 and of great stomack, for she encountereth and grapleth with Fowls much greater then her self, invading and assailing them with their brest and feet. Others (saith he) affirm, that Alietus is a little Fowle that preyeth upon small birds; of whom it is said,

* 1.734

Obtinet exiguas Alietus corpore vires; Sunt & aves minimae praeda cibusque suus:

The Aliet is a bird of little power; And little birds are all he eats and doth devour.

This bird (according to Ʋpton) doth shew that he that first took upon him the bearing thereof, was such an one as did eagerly pursue, vex and molest poor and sillie creatures.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Cheuron engrailed, between three Falcons, or, Sparhawks, Or, This is the Coat Armour of the Right Honorable, Bulstrode Whitlock, one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal, and now of the Treasureship of his Highnesse, 1658.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Sable, a Cheuron between three Owles, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Prescot, Knight. The Owle in Armoury, signifieth Prudence, Vigilancy and Watchfulnesse by night; it is Miner∣va's Bird, and was born by the ancient Atheni∣ans for their Armorial Ensign, as I have before shewed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Sable, three Owles of the first. This is the bearing of the Right Honourable, Thomas, Lord Savile of Pomfret, Viscount Savile in Ireland, and created lastly Earl of Sussex. Of this Family is also that hopefull Genleman, Sir George Savile Baronet, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron embattiled, between three Owles, Argent, by the name of Sleigh of London, and was the Coat of Edmund Sleigh Sheriff of London 1654. whose Widow is now Wife of the Honourable John Ireton Lord Mayor.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Pellican in her nest,* 1.735 with wings displayed, feeding of her young ones, Or, vulned proper, by the name of Carne of Wenney in the County of Glamorgan. The Aegyptian Priests (as Farnesius no∣teth) used the Pellican for a Hieroglyphick to expresse the four duties of a Father towards his children: whereof the first is generation; the second, is his office of education; the third of training up, or instruction of learning; the fourth and last, this duty of informing the eyes of his children with the example of his ver∣tuous and honest life: for in the institution of civill behaviour, the eyes are more easily informed for the apprehension of instruction, than the eare. This Bird was also borne Topaz, in a Field Saphire, by that Sapient and great Peere of his time, Richard Fox Bishop of Wincester, Lord Privy Seal,* 1.736 and Coun∣sellor to two Great Kings, Henry 7. and Henry 8. which noble Prelates me∣mory shall be eternally blessed for being the cause of the most happy Mar∣rying of the Lady Margaret (Daughter of Henry the Seventh) to James the Fourth King of Scotland; by whose glorious issue, Great Brittany, now en∣joyeth the height of Glory and Happinesse. The said Bishop was the Magnifi∣cent Founder of Corpus Christi Colledge in Oxford, which also beareth the 〈…〉〈…〉.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Raven, Proper, by the name of Corbet. This is good and ancient Armory, as we shew∣ed before in the Escocheon of the Ravens three Legs: It hath been an ancient received opinion, and the same also grounded upon the warrant of the sacred Scrip∣tures (If I mistake not) that such is the property of the Raven, that from the time his young ones are hatched or disclosed, untill he seeth what colour they will be of, he never taketh care of them nor mi∣nistreth any food unto them; therefore it is thought 〈…〉〈…〉 the mean space nourished with the heavenly dew. And 〈…〉〈…〉 ••oth the Kingly Prophet David affirme, Which giveth fodder 〈…〉〈…〉 and feedeth the young Ravens that call upon him, Psal. 147.9. 〈…〉〈…〉 of colour black, and is called in Latine Corvus, or Corax, and 〈…〉〈…〉 Alexander) hath but one kind of cry or sound which is Cras, 〈…〉〈…〉 perceiveth his young ones to be pen-feathered and black like 〈…〉〈…〉 ••oth he labour by all means to foster and cherish them from 〈…〉〈…〉.

〈…〉〈…〉 his manner is clamorous, fraudulent, filching things away 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••ding them secretly; furthermore Alexander saith, That Ra∣vens

do sometimes skirmish amongst themselves with much eagerness, and do assaile each other with their Armors, viz. with jobbing with their bills, scratching with their Tallons, and beating with their wings: in which con∣flict if the Hen do chance to have the better of the Cock, she ever after hold∣eth him in subjection. But howsoever they do coape together in their encounter, certain it is that the victor ever after carryeth a hand over the conquered.

Hitherto of Fowles of Prey, leaving other particulars to each mans ob∣servation: Now of those which are Predable, whereof some are Savage, some Domesticall: the Savage I call those that are not subject to mans go∣vernment, but do naturally shun their society, and usually are commo∣rant in Woods, Forrests, Heaths, &c. and are subject to prey and tyrannicall oppression, as these which ensue.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Gules, between six Cornish Choughs, Proper, by the name of Oneslow of Surrey, and is borne by Sir Richard Oneslow Knight, Father of that much esteemed Gentleman Arthur Oneslow Esquire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Bend, Or, on a Chief, Ar∣gent, two Choughes, Proper, this is the Coat of Sir Thomas Vinor, Lord Mayor of London 1653. Knight∣ed by Oliver Lord Protector, at Grocers Hall, Feb. 8. 1653. and the first Knight he made.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Bust•• 〈…〉〈…〉 name of Nevill. These cannot p•• 〈…〉〈…〉 volant, albeit they may seem t•• 〈…〉〈…〉 more aptly said, according to the 〈…〉〈…〉 zo••ers to be volentes volare, as mu•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••∣ring themselves to make their flig•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••∣tion of Pliny that all Fowles having to 〈…〉〈…〉 their flight) stretch forth their legs Tayles; but such as are short legged 〈…〉〈…〉 to the middest of their bodies.

* 1.737

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Swallowes close 〈…〉〈…〉 name of Watton. This bird is the most 〈…〉〈…〉 benger, shewing the approach of the p•• 〈…〉〈…〉 being therin like feined & temporizing 〈…〉〈…〉 in the Spring of Honours, and Summer o•• 〈…〉〈…〉 will gladly converse with those, whom 〈…〉〈…〉 of Adversity they will forsake, and sca•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••∣ledge they ever saw them before. Su•• 〈…〉〈…〉

that proud Cardinal, who upon his new dignity, not vouch-safing to look on his familiar friends, one of them came to him (while all others did congratulate his felicity) to deplore his misery; who wondering thereat, and asking the cause of such his sorrow, Because (quoth he) since that Red H••t came on your Head, you have quite lost your Eye-sight, and cannot discerne your friends as you were wont.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent,* 1.738 a Bar between three Swal∣lowes volant, Proper, a Chief, Gules, by the name of Swallow. The Swallow (saith Ʋpton) hath a small bill and comely shape of a seemly black, white on the belly, and red about the throat, having little flesh, out well stored with feathers, and large wings, and therefore is swift of flight. Mans industry will hard∣ly suffice to perform that which this little bird doth fashion out in clay, in making her Nest. The bearing of a Swallow fitteth well a man that is industrious, prompt, and ready in the dispatch of his businesse.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a bend,* 1.739 Argent, Cotized, Or, between six Martlets of the same. This Coat-Ar∣mour pertaineth to the ancient Family of de Labere, whereof Richard de Labere of Sowtham in the County of Glocester Esquire, is lineally descended. The Martlet or Martinet (saith Bekenhawb) hath legges exceeding short, that they can by no means go: and there∣upon it seemeth the Grecians do call them Apodes, quasi sine pedibus, not because they doe want feet,* 1.740 but because they have not such use of their feet as other birds have. And if perchance they fall upon the ground, they cannot raise themselves upon their feet as others do, and so prepare themselves to flight. For this cause they are accustomed to make their Nests upon Rocks and other high places, from whence they may easily take their flight, by means of the support of the aire.* 1.741 Hereupon it came that this bird is painted in Armes without feet: and for this cause it is also given for a difference of younger brethren to put them in mind to trust to their wings of vertue and merit, to raise themselves, and not to their legs, having little land to put their foot on.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXI.

FRom Predable Fowles that are Savage, we come to Fowles Domesticall and home-br d,* 1.742 that are delighted with Mans society: Such are these that follow, with their like. And of these I think the Dove as the Em∣blem of peace, mutuall love and other vertues, may deserve the prece∣dence.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, on a Chief, Or, three Martlets, Gules, by the name of Wray, a worthy Family in Lin∣colnshire, of which is Sir John Wray Baronet, son and heir of Sir John Knight and Baronet, son and heir of Sir William Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire▪ Knight∣ed July 23. 1603. created Baronet November 25. 1611. son of Sir Christopher Wray Lord chief Justice of Eng∣land, which Sir William had also a second son Sir Christopher Wray, Knighted 1623. and he William his son and heir.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, an Inescocheon within an Urle of Martlets, Sable, and is the Coat of Sir John Brownlow of Belton, and Sir William Brownlow of Homby in the County of Lincoln Bretheren, Baronets.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, and Chief, Sable, on the last three Martlets of the Field, by the name of Wild, and is the Coat of that Eminent Lawyer William Wild.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beearth, Gules, a Fesse, Ermine, between three Martlets, Or, and is the Coat of the Family of Covert of Sussex and Surrey of good Eminence and Anti∣quity.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, on a Fesse, Counter-battilee, Or, three Choughs, Proper, by the name of Christmas, and is the Coat-armour of William and Robert Christmas of London, Merchant Adventurers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Chief, Azure, three Doves Ar∣gent. This is the Coat of John Frederick Esquire, Alderman of London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Cocks,* 1.743 Argent, Armed, Crested, and Vellopped, Or, by the name of Cock, As some account the Eagle the Queen, and the Swallow or Wagtail the Lady, so may I term this the Knight amongst Birds, being both of noble courage, and al∣so prepared evermore to the battell, having his Comb for an Helm••t, his sharp and hooked Bill for a Fawcheon or Court-l•• to flash and wound his enemy: and as a compleat Soldier armed a Cape a pee, he hath his legs armed with Spurs, giving example to the valiant Souldier to expell danger by fight, and not by flight. The Cock croweth when he is Victor and giveth a testimony of his Conquest.* 1.744 If he be van∣quished, he shunneth the light and society of men. Of all Birds, this may best be said in blazon to be armed, that is thus furnished and prepared to the encounter.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Capons, Sab••e, Armed, Crested, and Jow-lopped, Or, by the name of Capenhurst. I do term these Capons Armed,* 1.745 because Natura sunt bellicosi, tametsi castratione facti sunt omnino imbelles, by nature they were Valorous, though by reason of their Kerving, their courage is not onely abated, but utterly taken away. This Bird, because he waxeth the fatter for being kerved, is brought for one of the Ar∣guments to prove the single life the happiest, and that Caeli••es are Coelites: the single life, the Saint-like life. But Lipsius must bring better witnesses then Capons to approve the truth hereof, before it will be received for truth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Peacocks in their pride,* 1.746 Proper, by the name of Pawne. The Peacock is so proud, that when he erecteth his Fanne of Plumes, he admireth himselfe; and some write that he swallow∣eth up his Excrements, because he envieth man the use thereof: Indeed those which are most proud, are gene∣rally of such sluttish and dirty qualities. He displayeth his Plumes against the rays of the Sun, that they may glister the more gloriously; and he loseth this beauti∣full Train yearly, with the fall of the leaf; at which time he becometh bashfull, and seeketh corners where he may be secret from the sight of men, untill the Spring of the year, when his Train begin∣eth to be renewed. And such is the quality of many Dames, who being painted, and richly attired, cannot keep within doors, but being undressed, and in their own hew, they are loth any man should see them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Crosse Gules, between four Peacocks, Azure, being the Coat-Armour of Smith, alias Carington of Leicestershire, of which Family is Charles Smith, Viscount Carington, of Barrefore in Ireland, and also Henry Smith, alias, Nevil, of Cressingtemple in Essex.

* 1.747

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable, between three Turkicocks in their pride, Proper, by the name of Yeo of Devonshire.

Like as there are Insect Animals that live upon the earth, as hath been before shewed in shutting up the Tract of Terrestrial Animals; so are there in like sort Insects that live above the earth, whereof I purpose to produce some few examples, and so to perclose this Treatise of such Animals as do live above the Earth in the Air.

* 1.748

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Bees, Volant, En arriere, by the name of Bye. The Bee, I may well reckon a Domestick Insect, being so pliable to the behoof of the Keeper: the admirable policy and regiment of whose Commonwealth, both in Peace and War, with the se∣verall duties, both of the soveraign Bee, and of the subjects, is beyond belief, and will ask as large a Vo∣lume as the Common-wealth, either Platoes or Licur∣gus, to set it forth as it deserveth.

These small and slender bodies, are endued with a perfect soul (if I may so say) as by the effects appeareth; for they do not only live and engender, but also have the use of the senses, as sight, hear∣ing, smelling, tasting, and feeling, no lesse than other Volatiles, or flying Ani∣mals, and in some of them we may observe a singular sharpnesse of Wit, and (to speak with Salomon) fulnesse of Wisedom; as in these Bees, and such others. Great is the Lord therefore that made them, and right marvel∣lous also is he in all his works, who hath given this fulnesse of Wisedom to these contemptible creatures

The Bee is reputed to be of a doubtfull kind, in regard that it is uncer∣tain, whether he may be fitly numbered amongst the Savage or Domesticall kind of Animals; therfore they are reckoned his that hath obtained the pos∣session of them, according to our vulgar speech, Catch that catch may: they are said to be, ferae naturae, therefore the Bees that do swarm on your trees, untill you have gathered them into an Hive, they are no more reckoned yours, then the birds that do build their nests in your tree: but being once Hived, they cease to be publike, and shall be adjudged the possessors, though he be not interessed in the ground. And till then, it is lawfull for any man to take the Honey-combes, if they have any at all. Also a swarm escaped out of your Hives is no longer reckoned yours, then you have them in sight, and it is lawfull for you, so long to prosecute them; but if they flie out of your sight, Fiunt occupantis.

The Aegyptians reckoned the Bee, a figure of Regall power, because in him (besides the nature of bruit Animals) he is constituted a King that admi∣nistreth his function (as it were) by deepe counsell, forasmuch as he is void of sting, and governeth his Hive as his common-wealth altogether by lenity.

If a Bee sting a dead carkase she loseth not her sting; but if she sting a living man she loseth her sting: So death stinging us who were as dead flesh, did not lose his sting: But stinging Christ, hath lost his sting. There∣fore we may say, O death where is thy sting? &c.* 1.749 1 Cor. 15. death hath onely the name of death, but not the sting of death, as the Brazen Serpent in the Wildernesse had the forme and shape of a Serpent, but not the life nor sting of a Serpent, Numb. 21.9.* 1.750

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Bee-Hive,* 1.751 beset with Bees di∣versly volant, Sable, by the name of Rooe of Makeles∣field in Cheshire. The Bee (saith the Wiseman) is the least of Birds, but she is of much vertue; and she provideth both Honey for Pleasure, and Wax for thrift. And not onely do they carefully preserve their own petty-state, but by their labours do much sway in all humane states and policies also: as is said in that verse.

The Calf, the Goose, the Bee; The World is ruled by these three.

Meaning that Wax, Pens, and Parchment sway all mens states, Bees have three properties of the best kind of Subjects, they stick close to their King; they are very industrious for their livelihood, expelling all idle drones, they will not sting any but such as first provoke them, and then they are most fierce.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable,* 1.752 a Harvest-fly in Pale, volant, en arriere, Argent, by the name of Bolowre. As touching Insects that live above the Earth in the Aire, Pliny giveth this generall note;* 1.753 that all such as are armed with a sting, in their body or taile, have four wings a piece: and no•• ••gain have above two, that carry their weapon in their mouth. To the former (saith he) nature hath given it for their revenge, to the other onely to feed themselves withall, and to content na∣ture. All Insects (saith the same Author) having hard eyes, have their fore-feet longer than the rest, to the end that with them they may other whiles scoure their eyes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable,* 1.754 three Gad-bees volant, en arriere, Argent, by the name of Burninghill. This Flye maketh a great humming noyse when he flyeth, and of some is called the Gad-bee, and of others the Dun-flye, Brim∣sey, or Horse-flye, which in the Summer time do grie∣vously vex Cattle, having, as Aelianus saith, a sting both great and stiff. These are of the nature of Com∣mon Barrators, Petti-foggers, and Promooters, which are ever disturbing the quiet state of their civill and honest neighbours.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXII.

* 1.755HAving finished our intended survey of Animals, both Terrestriall and Aeriall, and of their use in Armory; I will now (according to order) proceed to the handling of watery Animals, being such as have their princi∣pall abode and relief in the waters, as Fishes of all sorts. As Fishes are of a less compleat nature than Earthly or Aeriall Animals, so must they in reason be of lesse esteem in Coat-Armour; Data paritate gestantium, unlesse the quality of the bearer adde an honour thereto: because those others do ap∣proach much nearer to the nature of man, than the watery sort doth; Et i••lud est melius, quod optimo est propinquius; That is the better, which comes nearest to the best. And the Picture which is the adumbration of the thing pictured, cannot invert or alter the order or worth of the things whereof it beareth the similitude, Quia fictio non plus operatur quam veritas; representations may not alter the truth of the principall.

* 1.756But her•• spake of Armes composed of Fishes, as they are considered in their self-nature; which notwithstanding as they be borne of many persons des••ded of noble and royall Families, are so much enoblished in their estimation, as that they are to be preferred before many that are formed of Beasts or Fowles. This therefore must be here also recom∣mended for a general rule,* 1.757 that the worthinesse of the bearer is not the least respect we should use in considering the dignity of things borne in Coat-Armour.

Like as Birds have their plumes, wings, and trains, by means whereof they do cut their way, and make smooth passage through the Ayre; in like sort, Fishes are furnished with Finnes, wherewith they guide them∣selves in their Swimming, and cut the current of the streames and waves, for their more easie passage, wherein their course is directed by their tail, as Ships are conducted by their Helme or Ruther. And for their kinds of mo∣tion, Fishes are in Scripture tearmed Reptilia:* 1.758 In ipso magno Mari & spatio∣so, illic reptilia sunt, &c. In the great and wide Sea there are things creeping innumerable both small and great▪ which are therefore said to be Rep∣tilia, as Chassaneus noteth, Qui•• ••mnia quae natant reptandi habent vel speciem, vel naturam: because things when they swim seem to creep along in the water.

Fishes, albeit they have not breath (as we may say in a comparative sort) so strong and sensible as four-footed Animals have, because they want lungs or lights, as Aristotle hath taught; yet it behoveth they should have both Attraction and Respiration of breath in some fashion, which we call in La∣tine, Inspiratio, which is a drawing in of breath, and Respiratio which is a venting out of the breath attracted, as both Plato and Galen do teach; who do affirme that Fishes do receive and deliver their breath by their gils; For no longer is any Animal said to have life, than he hath attraction and remission of breath.

Whereas Moses maketh mention Gen. 2.19, 20. That God caused all the Beasts of the field, and the Fowles of Heaven to come unto Adam, that he might see how he would name them: there is no mention of the coming of Fishes unto him, neither that he gave names to them. The reason is, for that such is the nature of Fishes, as that they cannot live long out of their pro∣per

element which is the Water. Besides fishes doe serve men for no other use, but for food and some sorts of them for medicine; whereof it com∣meth that we have not so many names of fishes mentioned in the Scrip∣tures, as of other Animals. For these reasons Fishes were not produc•• before Adam, that he might give them names answerable to their natures. Neverthelesse God gave him Dominion over them aswell as over the rest, when he sayd Dominamini piscibus maris, &c.

Hereof it commeth that man hath lesse familiarity and acquaintance with Fishes than with many other Animals, as Horses, Dogges, small birds of many kinds, which we daily use, either to serve our necessities or for our delights.

Fishes are borne after a diverse manner,* 1.759 viz. directly, upright, inbowed, extended, indorsed, Respecting each other, Surmounting one another, Fretted, and Trianguled, &c. All Fishes (saith Leigh) that are borne feeding shall be ter∣med [Rule 1] in blazon, devouring, because they doe swallow whole without masti∣cation or chewing: and you must tell whereon they feede. All Fishes raised directly upright, and having Finnes, shall be termed in blazon Hauriant, ab hauriendo, signifying to draw or suck ••cause Fishes do oftentimes put their [Rule 2] heads in such sort above the wa•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••fresh themselves with the coole and temperate Ayre, but especia•• 〈…〉〈…〉 waters do so rage and boyle in the depth of the Seas against som•• ••ous storme, that they cannot endure the unwonted heat thereof. ••es being borne Transverse, the [Rule 3] Escocheon must in blazon be termed Naiam, of the word Nato, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 swimme; for in such manner doe they beare themselves in the waters when they swimme.

Concerning both the variety and the innumerable multitude of Fishes Pliny is of a prettey fantasticall conceit, affirming that the seeds and uni∣versall Elements of the World, are so sundry wayes commixed one with an∣other, partly by the blowing of the winds, and partly by the rowling and agitation of the Sea, that it may be truly said, according to the vulgar opi∣nion, That whatsoever is ingendred or bred in any part of the world besides, the same is to be found in the Sea, besides many things more in it, which no where else are to be seene. A Fish (if you will beleeve Farnesius) i•• called piscis à pascendo, Quia ad rem nullam nisi ad pastum natus est, he ••bred onely to eate and to be eaten.* 1.760 Of Fishes some have hard and crusty coverings, others have a softer out-side: and those latter are also of two s••rts, some ha∣ving onely skin, and other scales. Scaled Fishes by their fins are both ador∣ned, and greatly assisted also in their swimming: but Congers, Eeles, Lam∣preies, and such like, may seem (in respect of the smalnesse of their fins) to have received them of nature, rather for ornament,* 1.761 than for use in swim∣ming, especially because these lye most in the bottome of the waters, and therefore lesse need their fins.

Of these severall kinds I will briefly give some few examples, wherein I rather purpose to lay open their diverse formes of Bearing in Coat-Armour, than meddle with their unlimitable particular kinds: as in ex∣ample.

* 1.762

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Eeeles Naiant in Pale, Bar∣rey, Sable, by the name of Ellis. Of this sort are all Lampries, Congers, and others of like kind, whereof some are borne Naiant after this manner, and others H••uriant. This sort of all others doth most neerly resemble in their motions, such Reptiles as having no feet do with a kind of volublenesse make their way in the waters with many intricate doublings. To these may be added Plaices, Soles, Flounders, and whatsoever other Fish whose covering consisteth meerely of skin, and have not the defensible furniture of Scales, such as next ensue, as in example.

* 1.763

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Soles fishes Hauriant, Proper, within a Bordure en∣grailed, Sable. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Soles of Braban in the County of Cambridge. These Armes are agreeable to the Bearers name, which hap∣pen very of•• Armory, for divers men taking their names fr•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 Birds, Fowles, or Fishes, do bear Coat-a•••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••lant thereunto. This fish is known unto t•••••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by three names, Solea, a similitudine Soleae, i. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sole: Sandalium, which cometh from the Gree•• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a kind of shooe open with latchets on the instep: Lingu••aca, quod formam linguae referat: The French call this 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Ʋne sole: the delicatenesse of it in taste hath gained it the name of the Par∣tridge of the Sea.

* 1.764

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Dolphin Naiant, Imbowed, Ar∣gent, by the name of Fitz-James. The Dolphin is a fish of so great strength and swiftnesse, that when the fishes, which he followeth for his prey, flye to the Rocks or Shore for shelter, in the fiercenesse of his pursuit, he sometimes dasheth himself dead against the Rock, and sometimes runs himself on Shore. Such many times is the successe of over-heady and outragious men, who seeking furiously the hurt of others, feele the smart themselves, in their own overthrow.

* 1.765

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The field is Jupiter, a Dolphin hauriant, Sol. This Coat is evermore borne quarterly with the three Flow∣ers de Lis, Sol, in a field, Jupiter, by the Kings Eldest Son, who beareth the title of the Dolphin of France; and is thereby known to be Heire apparant to the Crown of that Kingdome. The Naturalists write, that the She-Dolphin hath dugs abounding with milke wherewith she giveth her young ones suck; and that she is, as in that respect like to women, so also in her affection of love; insomuch that Dolphins have fallen so exceedingly in love with faire youths, as that they became most fami∣liar with them, and afterward wanting their company, have dyed for grief. They are reported also to be great lovers of Musick.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Dolphins Naiant,* 1.766 exten∣ded in Pale, Barrey, Or. This is a Venetian Coat-armour, and is borne by the name of Dolphin. These Dolphins here are in their naturall form of swimming, where∣in they use to marshall their great troopes in admi∣ring order:* 1.767 for in the vantguard swim all their young ones, in the middle all the Females, in the rear-ward all the Males; like good Husbands, looking both to the orderly demeanour of their wives and children, and also having them still in their eye, to defend them from danger.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Dolphins naiant, imbowed, Argent; This is the Paternal Coat-armour of Samuel Bleverhasset, of Lowd∣ham in the County of Suffolk, Esquire. The Dolphin is said to be a fish of such exceeding great swiftnesse, as that oftentimes he out-strippeth a Ship under sayle, in her greatest ruffe and merriest winde, in swift∣ness of course. In this fish is proposed unto us an ex∣ample of charity, and kind affection towards our children, as Pliny in his description of the nature of ••ish sheweth, Lib. 9. Cap. 8. And Aelianus lib. 5. cap. r8. As also of ••lar love towards man, whereof Aelianus produceth strange exam∣•• To this Head must be referreed all other Fishes of hard scale, as the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 &c. Other scaled Fishes there are, but of a more soft and tender ••h as these are which ensue.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Salmons Hauriant,* 1.768 Argent, by the name of Salmon. If Apicius (whose tongue was a touch-stone to try the excellency of all dishes) were to give his sentence in the Senate-house of Gluttons, it is thought he would prefer the Salmon before all o∣ther fishes, though the old Romans made chief reck∣oning of Acipenser, a fish of an unnaturall making and quality, for his scales turne all towards the head, and he ever swimmeth against the stream.* 1.769 These three Salmons here were very fair bearing in a great Charger 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Fishes are borne hauriant, both respecting each other, and also en∣•• as in these next Examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, two Barbels hauriant,* 1.770 respecting each other, Argent. A like Coat to this (but different in colours) is borne by the Family of Colston of Essex. This fish even in his name bewrayeth his shape, which gave occasion thereof, by reason of the small and ten∣der filmes that grow about his mouth, resembling after a sort the form of a Beard, whereupon he re∣ceiveth the name of a Barbell.

* 1.771

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, two Pikes, hauriant endorsed, Or. This Coat is quartered by the high and mighty Prince the now Duke of Wittenberg, for his fourth Coat, and are the Armes of the dominion of Phiert, within the Territories of the said Duke. Sometimes you shall find fishes borne fret-wayes, that is to say, fretted or interlaced one over another, as in this next example.

* 1.772

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Trouts Fretted in Triangle▪ Teste a la Queve, Argent, by the name of Trowtbeck. We use these words Teste a la Queve, in Blazon, to signifie the manner of their Fretting. The Heire of this Family was in the time of Henry 7. marryed to John Talbotte of Albrighton, from whom the Talbots of Grafton now living, are lineally descended, and do Quarter this Coat.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Pale, Sable, a C•• head erected, Coupee, Or, borne by the anci•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••∣mily of Goscoigne of Harwood, and Gawthorpe 〈◊〉〈◊〉 shire.

* 1.773

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Chalbots hauriant, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 This did belong to that worthy Earle Philip C•• Earle of Newblanch, and great Admirall of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 whom King Henry the Eighth vouch-safed t•• Knight, and companion of the most noble O•• the Garter. A Chalbot fish seemeth to have the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of a Gournard, for so doth Bara describe him.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXIII.

* 1.774THE Hardnesse of Scaly fish (whereof we have before spoken) is not Continuate, but Plated fitting for Motion; but there is another sort of hard covering, whieh is continuate: Of which sort, some are crusted, other some are shelled, as Examples shall shew.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron,* 1.775 Sable, between three Crevices upright, Gules. I term these upright, because they wanting fins cannot without breach of the Rule formerly given be properly said to be Hau∣riant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, on a Bend, Or, a Lobster,* 1.776 Sable. Gongulo Argote de Molina, In his book entituled No∣bleza de Andalviza, noteth this for the Coat-armour of Grilla. It is noted by certain Naturalists, that the Lobst••r is subtill in acquiring his food, for he watch∣eth the Escallop, Oyster, and other like fishes that are fenced by nature with a stronger and more defen∣sible Coat than himself, to become a prey unto him, by observing when they do open their shell either to receive food or ayre, and in the mean time with his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 he taketh a stone, and casteth it between the shels of the Oyster, so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 neither save her self, nor annoy her foe; using his wit for a sup∣••••••s strengths defect, according to the old proverbe, Where the Ly∣•••••• is too scant, it must be peeced out with a Fox case.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent,* 1.777 a Lobsters Claw in Bend Sini∣ster, Saltire-like, surmounted of another Dexter∣wayes, Gules, by the name of Tregarthick. Those other Fishes which are said to be shelled, and are na∣turally inclosed in strong and thick walls, do di∣late and open their shels at certain seasons, either to receive the benefit of the ayre, or of food: and again contract them (at their pleasure) and so de∣fend themselves from all harme and violence. Of these, the Shels are of most frequent use in Armes, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 diversly borne, as well with Ordinaries between them, as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 upon Ordinaries, as by Example in the next Escocheons in part ••ppeare.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Barry Wavey of six, Or, and Gules, three Prawnes naiant in the first and of the second, by the name of Sea, alias, Atsea of Herne in Kent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron ingrailed, Sable▪ be∣tween three Sea crabs, Gules, by the name of Bridger. It is an observation amongst Fishermen, that when the Moon is in her Decrement or Wane (as we com∣monly call it) these sort of Fishes have little or no substance at all in them, which moveth them to for∣bear to fish for them in that season, in regard that the Moon is the naturall and secondary cause, that the Crabs of the Sea are either full and plum, or else sheare and (after a sort) empty.

The clawes of the fore-feet of this sort of fish are called forcipata brachia Cancrorum, of forceps, which signifieth a paire of Tongs or Pincers, or such like, alluding to their quality, which is to pinch and hold fast whatsoe∣ver they do seize upon.

* 1.778

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, an Escallop Shell, Gules, by the name of Prelate. This Coat standeth in the Abbey Church of Chirencester within the County of Glocester, and see∣meth to have been of long continuance there. The Escallop (according to Dioscorides) is ingendred of the Dew and Ayre,* 1.779 and hath no blood at all in it self, not∣withstanding in mans body (of any other food) it turneth soonest into blood. The eating of this fish ra•• is said to cure a surfeit.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Cheuron, Ermine, b•• 3 Escallops, Argent, this is the Coat-Armour 〈◊〉〈◊〉 worthy and noble Gentleman Sir Horatio 〈…〉〈…〉 Baronet, son of Sir Roger Townesend, so crea•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 16. 1617. by Mary Daughter and Co-heire 〈…〉〈…〉 Vere Baron of Tilbury, who is re-married to M•• Earle of Westmerland, and has by him severall ••∣dren

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Pearle, a Lyon Rampant, Ruby▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Chief, Diamond, three Escallop Shels of the first 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is the Paternal Coat of the Right Noble and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Family of the Russels, Earle of Bedford. Such 〈◊〉〈◊〉 beautifull shape that nature hath bestowed up•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 shell, as that the Coller of the Order of S. Mic•• France, in the first institution thereof, was richl•• ••∣nished with certain pieces of gold artificially wro•• as near as the Artificer could by imitation exp•• the stamp of Nature.

Which institution doubtless was grounded upon great reason, to shew the steadfast amity and constant fidelity, that ought to be between bre∣thren and companions of one society and brother-hood: for take one of these fishes and divide the shels, and endeavour to sort them with (I will not say hundreds) but millions of other shels of fishes of the same kind, and you shall never match them throughout: therefore do they resemble the in dissoluble friendship that ought to be in fraternities and societies,

because there can be according to Cicero, Offic. 1. Nulla firma Amicitia nisi inter aequales. The consideration whereof (if I be not deceived) moved the first Founders of this Order to sort them in the coller of this order by couples, for that all others do disagree with them, Secundum magis vel mi∣nus, and none do concur together with them in all points, but onely those that nature hath conformed, and made agreeable to each other in all points.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, six Escallop shels,* 1.780 Or, three, two, and one, by the name of Escott of Cornewall. Here I thinke it fit to note out of the number and position of the Charge of this Coat-armour two things: the one con∣cerning the number which you see is six, which some Armorists hold to be the best of Even and Articulate numbers, that can be borne in one Eseocheon; their rea∣son is, because none other even number under ten, can decrease in every rank, one, to the base point of the Es∣cocheon, and produce an odde one in the same point. Next touching this manner of the Position of this number; which suteth most aptly with the figure of a Triangular Escocheon, as in the Elements of Armories, pag. 181. is observed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Bend between six Escallops, Argent, by the name of Frechevile, a Family of very good account and antiquity in Darbishire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, on a Fesse, Azure, 3 Escallop shels of the first, a Bordure engrailed, as the second, in chief, a Cressant, Gules, for a difference of a second brother. This is the Coat-armour of that worthy gen∣tleman John Fenne; one of the Captains of the City of London:* 1.781 I read in a French Manuscript remaining in the Office of Armes, to this effect, that in bearing of the Escallop in Arms signifieth the first bearer of such Armes to have been a Commander, who by his vertues and valour had so gained the hearts and loves of his Souldiers and Companions in Armes, that they desired much to follow him even into dangers mouth, and that he in reciproca∣tion of their loves had ventred to sacrifice himself for their safeguards.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, ten Escallops,* 1.782 4.3.2.1. Sable, on a Canton, Gules, a Mullet pierced, Or, by the name of Kingscot, in the County of Glocester. I do here Bla∣zon the charge to be ten Escallops, although there be but eight to be discerned; for such was the Coat before the addition of the super••acent Canton,* 1.783 which as it is indended, doth over-shadow those other two that are not seen.

* 1.784

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Heron volant, in Fesse, Azure, membred, Or, betweene three Escallops, Sable, by the name of Herondon. Here also you see one gesture of a Fowle volant, in the carriage of his legs, which was not before exemplified. Pliny saith, that all Fowles that stalke with long shanks, as they flie they do stretch out their legs, in length to their tailes; but such as are short legged, do draw them up to the middest of their bellies.

* 1.785

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse engrailed betweene three Welkes, Or, by the name of Shelley. of which family is Sir Charles Shelley Baronet, & also Thomas Shelley of Greys-Inne Esquier, Who so shall advisedly view the infinite varietie of Natures workmanship, manifest even in the very shels of Fishes; shall doubtlesse find just cause to glorifie God, and admire his Omnipotencie & Wisdome, shewed in these things of meanest reckon∣ing. To this head must be reduced all other Shell fish∣es, of what kind soever, that are inclosed with hard Shels.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXIV.

* 1.786VVEE have long insisted in the bearings of Animals or Living Crea∣tures Ʋnreasonable, distinguishing them according to their Kinds, sorting them into several Rankes, placing them under Sundrie Heads, exem∣plifying their manifold Ʋse and Formes of Bearing in Coat-Armour, to the end that they might give better life and warrant to such Rules and Obser∣vations, as concerning them are formerly given. The last place I have here reserved, to the most Noble creature and first in estimation, I meane, Man,* 1.787 whom God hath indued with a reasonable Soule, and for whose sake he created all other things, subjecting them to his Soveraigntie, that they should serve Man, and Man should serve God. Thou hast given him (saith David) Soveraigntie over all the Workes of thy handes, and hast put all things in subjection under his feete; all Sheepe and Oxen; ond all Beasts of the Field, the Foules of the Aire and Fishes of the Sea, &c. For God made Man in his owne Image, not onely in giving him an Ʋnderstanding soule, and an Holy will, but also a Soveraigne jurisdiction over these inferiour creatures; even as Kings are the Image of God, in a more peculiar manner, because God hath given them Soveraigntie over Men: Neither is the Beautie of the Body it selfe lightly to be regarded; whose admirable Proportions and uses, made Galen (an Heathen) to acknowledge the Infinite Wisedom of an Eter∣nall Creator: And that Godly King to breake out into termes of Admiration, saying, Thine eyes did see my substance yet being unperfect, and in thy booke were all my members written, which day by day were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. Inasmuch as we are now come to treate of man the most ex∣cellent of all Gods creatures, and for whose sake all things else were created. Let us take a considerate view of the order of the Creation, and we shall finde many forcible motives to stirre us up to the glorifying of our graci∣ous God, that hath so graciously and abundantly provided for our susten∣tation

and maintainance before we were yet created: that so we may be provoked with more circumspection and regard to meditate upon Gods admirable omnipotency, mercy and gracious providence, and be induced more regardfully to ponder and consider the inexplicable glory of the Heavens, and their most beautifull Ornaments, the fruitfullnesse and riches of the Earth, the infinite varietie of shapes, olours, qualities, and operations of Animals and vegetables; of all which there is not the least; or whatsoever we hold most contemptible, but will minister unto us just cause to glori∣fie Gods omnipotencie, mercie, and wisdome.

Man as touching his body hath a three-fould estate, viz.

• Esse in Creatione,
• Non esse, in Morte,
• Semper esse in Resurrectione.

God hath created man and placed him in this world, to the end he should be a diligent searcher, viewer, and beholder of all his works, and withall that he should not be only a Spectator, but also a serious and zealous E∣narrator of his infinite wisdome, power, and mercy, in that he hath most pow∣erfully created them, most wisely disposed them, and most providentially conserveth them in their several ranks and subordinate places & offices.

But when we speak of man, we must not understand him to be that out∣ward form or lineaments of body, that is subjected to our visible sense; but the minde of each man is the man indeed, not that part of him that may be demonstrated by pointing of the finger.

The mind of man penetrateth and passeth through all things in a mo∣ment, more swiftly then the stars, more speedy then imagination, yea with more celerity than time it self.

So great is the estate and dignity of mans condition and nature, as that there is no good can suffice him, but the chiefest and only good of all.

The Soul of man is of a Divine nature,* 1.788 and therefore immortall and eter∣nall, he ascendeth up by degrees evermore, and never ceaseth until he at∣tain divine and celestial things: Which nature and property is not found in any creature but in man onely.

God indeed hath created man of an upright stature, with his counte∣nance raised up towards heaven,* 1.789 whereas he hath given all other Animals a groveling countenance, fixed upon the Earth: whereby he would noti∣fie, that mans soul is a Celestial thing, and that his ultimum bonum is in hea∣ven; that heaven is his Country, that there is his everlasting habitation, if he love his God, & become pliant and obedient unto his divine will.

Plato calleth man the miracle of God;* 1.790 for, saith he, man is endued with the force of nature of the World. For what is the world, but an universa∣lity of things compacted together in the forme of a Sphear? And what is man, but a compendium or epitome of the universality of things? Therefore was he not misnamed by Aristotle, when he called him a little world: For he understandeth with the Angels, he hath sense with living creatures, he com∣municateth of food, growth and generation with plants, and finally he hath being with all the Elements, and retaineth with the world the form of a Sphear. For as Julius Solinus saith, look how much breadth a man hath when he extendeth his hands to the full, so much is his length from the crown to the heel: So as if you draw a circle about him, you shall com∣prehend him within the form of a compassed Sphear.

Moses speaking of the particular workes of God in his creation before

he had created man, saith, Ea visa fuisse Deo bona; but after he had created man and all things pertaining to his sustentation and preservation, as also all things behovefull for the propagation of all mankind prepared, then did he take a generall view and survey of the whole Fabricke of the world, Et Deo visum fuisse valde bonum: They were exceeding, that is, so perfect good in the highest degree, as nothing could be wished to be added thereto for the bettering thereof.

As touching the food allotted to man, at the first it is most certaine that the same was herbs and fruits, as appeareth Gen. 1.29. Ecce dedi vobis om∣nem herbam, &c. And God sayd, Behold I have given unto you every herbe bea∣ring seede, which is upon all the earth: and every tree, wherein is the fruit of a tree bearing seed, that shall be to you for meate. That is to say, (saith Zanchius) multam, amplissimam, suavissimam & utilissimam; In great plenty, abundant, most delicate and most wholsome; herewith shall ye be satisfied and con∣tented without seeking after other foode.

These three things (saith Zanchius) are most certaine; first, that before the floud, both herbs and fruits of trees were so wholsome and good as that man needed no other foode; in regard whereof there was no need that the eating of flesh should be permitted unto him. Secondly, it is also un∣doubtedly true, that after the floud the earth was so corrupted by the inundation thereof, and consequently mans body became so weakened, that he stood in need of more solid and strong nourishing meats; as the flesh of Oxen, Kine, Sheepe, &c. In regard, whereof God gave him permi∣ssion to use them for foode. Thirdly, this also is without all controversie, that God did not prohibite unto man any sorts of meats, because all things are cleane to the cleane: as also for that every creature of God is good, because they are sanctified by his Word.

Of the mixture and composition of the foure Elements before mentioned; and of the humors of them, and of them engendred, two principall parts of matters of our bodies have their being, viz. Our bones with their nerves or sinewes, wherewith they be conjoyned and knit, and our flesh with the veines, whereby the bloud is conveied throughout all parts of the body, together with her Arteries, whereby the vitall and Animall spirits are carri∣ed into every part and member thereof.

These two parts did Adam well expresse, when speaking of Eve he said, Haec est os ex ossibus meis, & caro de carne mea. First, he maketh mention of bone, as the more solid and substantiall part, and as it were the fundamen∣tall part of the whole body, and after of the flesh, as of the matter where∣with the bones are covered.

To these two parts there is annexed a skinne, wherewith the whole frame of the body (being united and knit together) is covered, and where∣in it is comprehended and contained: and this skinne is not scaly, such as is proper to Fishes, neither feathered after the manner of Fowles, neither hairy and rugged, as many sorts of Beasts are, neither thick-skinned as ma∣ny bruit Animals have, but a soft tender skin, and of a delicate touch, and such as may well beseeme such a mind, as the mind of man is: for where there is store of wit there needeth not a hard skinne, but a soft, tender skin fitteth best a generous and ingenious mind. For so was it the pleasure of the most wise God, to adde unto the Noblest mind, the Noblest flesh, and the tenderest and most daintis skinne, that so the externall shape might be an evident testimony of the inward mind. That this creature Man is aso borne

in Coat-Armour both Lim-meale (as I may terme it) and also entire, with all his Parts conjunct, I will shew by examples, and we will first here set down the whole Bearings, and afterward proceed to the Parts.* 1.791

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Jupiter,* 1.792 our Blessed Lady with her Son in her right hand, and a Scepter in her left, all Topaz. This Coat pertaineth to the Bishopwrick of Salisbury. Sith it hath pleased some (doubtless out of a devout af∣fection) to assume the bearing of the blessed Virgin with her most blessed Babe; I hold it great reason to set this Escocheon in the first place. For, I am far from their o∣pinion who damne it for superstition to portract that glorious Virgin, or her Babe; but yet I hold it undoubt∣ed Idolatry to offer to these, or any other Pictures those services of worship and prayer, which God hath made his own pecu∣liar prerogative, not to be communicated to that holy Virgin her self, much lesse to her Image; which yet are so far oftentimes from being her Image, that it hath been acknowledged, that some lewd Painters have portraied that unspotted Lady to the likenesse of their own Curtizans, and so have proposed her in Churches to be adored. This worship of the Virgin Mary, hath almost worne out the worship of her Son, especially where their ridi∣culous fained miracles dayly broached, do find any credit.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Topaz,* 1.793 a King enthronized on his Seat Royall, Saphire, Crowned, Sceptered, and invested of the first, the cape of his Robe, Ermine. These are the Armes of the City Sivil in Spain. As we formerly prescri∣bed of unreasonable creatures, that they should be set forth in their noblest Action,* 1.794 so much more is it fit, that man (the most excellent of Gods creatures) should be set forth in his greatest dignity. And as amongst men there are manifold degrees and callings,* 1.795 so is it de∣cent (saith Bartolus) that each particular person should be habited as is fitting for his estate, calling, and imployment, viz. Princeps in solio Majestatis, Pontifex in Pontificalibus, Miles in armis, sive e∣questris, sive pedestris, depingi debet: A King in his Throne of Majesty, a Bishop in his Pontificall vestures, and a Souldier in his Military habit, either on foot or Horse-back: So shall they receive such reverence as is answer∣able, both to their persons and functions.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Saphire, a Bishop seated in his Chaire,* 1.796 habited in his Pontificals, sustaining his Croisier in his left arme, staied upon the Chaire, and extending his right hand towards the dexter point of the Escocheon, Pearle. This Coat-armour was quartered by Eberhar∣dus, sometimes Bishop of Lubrick in Saxony, who was descended of the noble progeny of the Hollii. The dig∣nity Episcopall is next unto the Regall, insomuch that Constantine the great (the first Christian Emperour) re∣ceived a Bishop with no less reverence and honour,* 1.797 than if every one of them had been his own Father: and great reason; sithence they directly succeed the Apostles of Christ in the government of the Church; especially if together with this Apostolicall dignity, they joyn the truth of Apostolicall Doctrine, which the Romish Bishops have abolished.

* 1.798

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Saracens Head erased at the Neck, Argent, environed about the Temples with a Wreath of the second, and Sable, by the name of Mer∣gith of Wales. After examples of the whole bearing of Man, it is fit the Head should first be handled before the other Parts; for that amongst all the parts of Li∣ving creatures the Head obtaineth the chiefest prehe∣minence, saith Pierius; and (as Isiodore noteth) it is called Caput, not onely because it is Capeable of the knowledge attained by the Senses; but for that also it comprehendeth and containeth them all. As this Member is chiefest in dignity, so hath Nature appropried thereto, the highest and principall place, it being lifted up on high, as in a Watch Tower, that it might over-see all approaching danger before it come near, for which cause also Na∣ture hath given man more Flexibility to turne about his neck and look on all sides, than other creatures have.

In the workmanship of this principall member of mans body may we behold with admiration the unspeakable power, providence and mercy of God, if we shall attentively consider the order and composition of the head, with the externall and internall parts thereof.

First of all the skull called in Latine, Cranium, is the uppermost bone of the Head, fashioned in the forme of a Globe, and distinguished with their orders of small holes and seames. An example of bearing in Coat-Armour of three of these skulls on a Cheuron, I have formerly given you, pag. 153. where I treated of bones. The skull is outwardly covered with skin and thin flesh, lest the same should be over-burthened with too much weight; This flesh with that skin is therefore made full of pores, or small invisi∣ble holes, for the more commodious evaporation of the grosse humors of the braine, and certain excrements thereof; whereof haires are engende∣red, and may have their passage: The skull is inwardly hollow, to the end that the braine, which is the seat of all the senses, might be the more commodiously conferred therein.

The skull hath God distributed into three parts, viz. into Sinciput, which is the fore-part thereof, and conjoyneth to the forehead; into Occi∣put, which is the hindermost part thereof; and into Verticem, which is the Crowne, or middle part of the same, seated between the fore and hinder part afore named.

Under these three partitions are placed three severall faculties: In the fore-part is the Phantasie, or Sensus Communis, scil. the Judgment of the sen∣ses, or universall notion of things: In the middle the Imagination; And memory in the hinder-part of the head.

Within the concavity of the skull, the braine hath his being, distinguished with three little ventricles or Cels, one in the fore-part, another in the midst, and the last in the hinder-part: in which three ventricles, the formes and Ideas of things, apprehended by the exterior senses, are severally and distinctly imprinted; therefore to the end the same might be more effe∣ctually performed, God made not the braine fluent, like water, for then would it not apprehend or retain those conceited forms, nor yet of solid substance, like bones, for then could it not easily admit the impressions of such imaginary forms, but he made the braine of an indifferent temper, viz. moderately soft, and moderately hard, to wit, of a soft and temperate nature.

Furthermore, God hath made in the brains of man certain concavities or hollownesses, and those hath he replenished with vitall spirits, without which the interior senses could not consist: and these spirits doth the soul use to understand by, and to the performance of other actions which she produceth in the head.

Moreover, in the braine hath he placed the fountain of the sinewes, which from thence are dispersedly conveyed throughout the body, as well those nerves and sinewes as are sensitive, as also those that are motive, viz, those that give motion to the body. But who can expresse or conceive in mind, the manifold instruments of the soule that God hath placed in the head of man?

In the head we may observe (well-nigh) all the uses of the soule: Be∣hold the admirable composition of mans head, which of all other parts of the body is the noblest; and how all and singular the parts thereof are ac∣commodated and applyed by our most gracious Maker, Conserver, and Re∣deemer, to serve for the uses of all the faculties of the soule.

If the framing of this one member (I mean the head of a man) be so ad∣mirable in it self, how much more is the composition of the whole frame of the body, being conjoyned and united together, with sinewes and arte∣ries, in a proportionable manner, and furnished throughout with all the externall and internall parts, and their particular appurtenances to be ad∣mired?

The members of Animals are (of Philosophers) usually distinguished in∣to Externall and Internall, and so to be handled severally, each one apart by it self: but I labouring to be brief herein, will handle those outward and inward parts onely, whose shapes and forms I find to be borne in Coat-armour, leaving the more copious and exact handling of them to the consideration of Physitians, Chyrurgions and Anatomists professed, to whose consideration they do more properly appertain.

The head in Latine is called Caput, because it is the chief and principall beginning of the whole Fabrick of the body, and withall, the noblest of all other the members thereof.

In the head do the two principall faculties of the soul rest, viz. the In∣telligent and Sentinent, and do there execute their functions; albeit that the vegetable faculty also hath his operation there, but the other two do reign, and chiefly predominate therein: Therefore it is the seat and resi∣dence of all the senses, as well Internall as Externall, placed in the head, and that for good cause; for sithence that the faculty Intelligent, understandeth not in any other sort than by inspection of Imagination and Imaginary shapes which are ingendered of Externall formes, and are by the outward senses conveyed to the Phantasie or Image conveyed in the mind. Most wisely therefore hath God there placed the seate and wisdome of all the senses, where the mind hath her being, that so she need not go far to seek those imaginary formes whereof she is to consider, to understand and dispose of according to Order.

Therefore in as much as the senses are become serviceable to the mind, there the seate or residence of the senses is most fitly placed where the mind doth exercise her offices and operations.

From the same head do proceed all the nerves and sinewes wherewith each bone and members, as also the universall body is conjoyned and faste∣ned together, and consolidated, and also receiveth increase and being. In

the head is placed the principall part of manly forme, the visage, whereby he differeth from all other Animals; and doth far surpasse them in fa∣vour and comlinesse; whereof the Poet rightly wrote in these words,

Finxit in effigiem moderatum cuncta deorum. Pronaque cum spectent animalia caetera terram, Os homini sublime dedit, coelumque tueri Jussit, & erectos ad sidera tollere vultus.

Ovid. Met. 1.

—fixt The forme of all th' all-ruling Deities. And wheras others see with down-cast eyes, He with a lofty look did man endue: And bade him Heavens transcendent glories view.

Forasmuch as God would that the faculties both intelligent and sentinent should predominate in the head; therefore did he forme and accommo∣date therein, instruments well fitting for either use: Of these instruments there are onely two sorts, whereof the first containeth the instruments of the inferior senses, and the other of the outward.

The Instruments serving for the use of the externall senses (whereof there is use in Armory) are not many, therefore will I handle them as I shall find use of them in Coat-armour, the rest I will onely name, and so passe them over as impertinent to my purpose. These instruments of the Externall senses are in number five, that is to say, the eyes, nostrils, eares, mouth, with the roofe and palate thereof, and the tongue. Of these I find onely the eyes borne in Coat-armour, therefore of them onely will I treat some thing in their due place, as those that are best known to use.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable, between three Blackmores heads couped, Proper, by the name of Ives. I find that some have given this Coat-Armour another Blazon, thus, He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Jewes heads couped, Sable; but then I take it the Bearers name should have its Orthography thus; Jewes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Mores-heads couped, Sable, banded about the head, Argent, this Coat belongs to Samuel Mico of London, Esquire, and to Edward Mico, and Aaron Mico, Brothers, eminent Merchants of the said City.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Blackemores heads couped, Proper, between two Cheuronels Sable, And is the bearing of Sir George Sondes of Leez-Court in Shelvich in the County of Kent, Knight, of the Honourable order of the Bath, at which place, and his (near ad∣joyning) seate of Throughley, this family hath flou∣rished many Hundred years.

This Order of the Bath is as Ancient as King Alfreds time, of which with all its Rites and Ceremonies you may Read a large description in Master Dugdales excellent booke of the Antiquityes of Warwick-shire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, on a Fesse, Sable, betweene three Blackemors heads erased, Proper, as many Cressants, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of Humphrey Blaka∣more of the Countie of Middlesex: now I will shew you a rare, yet an ancient Bearing of Childrens heads couped, enwrapped about the neckes with Snakes.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron betweene three Chil∣drens heads, couped at the shoulders,* 1.799 Argent, their Pe∣ruques, Or, enwrapped about the necks with as many Snakes, Proper, by the name of Vaughan. It hath beene reported (how truely I cannot say) that some one of the Ancestors of this family, was borne with a Snake about his necke; a matter not impossible, but yet very unprobable: Ideo quaere.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Chevron, Gules, betweene three Peruques,* 1.800 Sable. This Coat standeth in one of the windowes of New Inne Hall without Templebarre in London. Clodius (surnamed Commatus, because of his long hayre) having attained the government of the Sterne in the kingdome of France, at his first com∣ming to the crowne, did institute a Law, that the Frenchmen should in common weare their hayre long, in token of liberty. And so contrariwise shaving off the hayre was a signe of servile bondage: For the Romans (saith Francis de Rosiers) did institute by a publike Edict, that the haires of bondmen should be shaven in token of bondage. But as hayres change according to time, so it is the part of a wise man (saith Farnesius) to con∣form himself to the mutability of times and seasons.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Barrey Nebule of six peeces, Azure and Argent, on a chiefe of the second, three eyes, Gules, by the name of de la Hay of Ireland. The eyes hath God formed with admirable skill in such sort, as that by them the visible spirits are transferred to the soul. For by them, as it were by Windows, the soul doth appre∣hend the forms and kinds of things coloured by way of attraction; therefore to the end the same might be the more commodiously performed; first of all, he made them slippery and round, that they might more easily move and stir every way, and so apprehend the colours of all sorts of things, which are either above, below, on the right hand or upon the left, as it were in a moment: he would that the eyes should consist of 3. distinct humors, to wit, of a watery or whitish humor, of a glassie and chri∣stalline humor, and those severed each from other with most thin fylmes or skins, to the end that they should be capable of the Species or kinds of co∣lours: In the midst of these there is a little ball, (as it were) which we call the Ball, or Apple of the eye, as it were a certain hole through which the sight hath his passage; by which as through a little window or Casement the visible spirits of the soul are sent forth to their objects, and also the Species or kinds of colours are received inward and conveyed to that we call Sen∣sus communis or the Phantasie (which is seated in the fore-part of the brain) by means of Sinews that do bring sight to the eyes.

God hath annexed those two nerves or sinewes, as the Waggons of the shapes and resemblances received into the eyes, to be conveyed to the Phan∣tasie: which sinews albeit there are two of them annexed to each eye, ne∣vertheless when they are protracted to the brain, they do joyn together, and end in one point, for this end and purpose, that the shapes that were two-fold in the two eyes, they should yet end in one; forasmuch as the conceived shapes are simply of one colour, and that so the Judge of the Sensus communis, or the Phantasie should not be deceived.

Furthermore he hath covered the eyes with lids as it were vvith folding doors, both for a defence against harmful objects, and more specially for sleep, that these being shut, man might take his rest and sleep.

These are the means and instruments of sight, that is to say, of the eyes, wherof who can attain the knowledg of the exact workmanship of them.

The rest of the before mentioned external instruments, viz. the Nose, Eares, Mouth, with the Roof and Palat thereof, and the Tongue, I do passe them over, as not being of any or (at the least) frequent use in Armory, but as they are parts of the head, and therewith united and conjoyned. After the head and parts thereof, the heart doth challenge the chiefest place, as in example.

* 1.801

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Heart, Proper, a Chief, Sa∣ble, by the name of Scambler. If the Heart (according to Homer) doth wast and consume in those that by any accidental occasion are attached with some ve∣hement or long lingring sickness; much more must the heart waste in those which are possessed with the fretting canker of envy, against the prosperity of others. According to that saying; Invidus ipse sibi est longè tristissimus hostis; The envious man is a most deadly foe to himselfe.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, on a Chief, Argent, three Hearts,* 1.802 Proper, by the name of Heart. The heart (saith one) is naturally shaped long, and not round; to signifie, that our thoughts and consultations ought to be long, deliberate, and not hasty and inconsiderate. This is the Fountain, Seat, and Treasurie of life, where-through the whole body receiveth the vi∣tall spirits; which are (as it were) certain quick∣ning flames, which by the ministery of the Arteries and Veines, are dispersed throughout all parts of the body, giving thereto life and vigor, and enabling the same to the per∣formance of every action.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse,* 1.803 Gules, between three Hearts vulned, and distilling drops of blood on the si∣nister side, Proper, by the name of Tote. These are termed vulned of the Latine word vulnus, which sig∣nifieth a wound. This noble Member hath Nature pla∣ced in a seat well fitting the dignity thereof, in so much as it may well be said (according to Aristotle) Natura constituit rem nobiliorem in nobiliori loco, ut cor in medio; To the best part the best place. This is that which of all other parts God requireth us to reserve for himself, and to his service, where he saith, My son, give me thy heart; and good reason, sith he was pleased to give us his sons heart, to be pierced to the death for our demerits. And this place may decide their doubt, who make question whether be the more principall part of a Man, the Braine or the Heart, sith God preferreth the heart, as more esteeming the hearty affection of true charity, than a speculative contemplation void of Christian practice.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Heart between two wings displayed,* 1.804 Or, by the name of Henry de Wingham. The Ancients used to hang the figure of an Heart with a lace or chain from the neck upon the breast of a man, signifying thereby a man of sincerity,* 1.805 and such an one as speaketh the truth from the Heart, and is free from all guile and dissimulation, and is far unlike those that the Psalmist mentioneth, say∣ing, They give good words with their lips, but dissemble with their heart. Too rife are they found in this age, whose tongue and heart go two diverse wayes. Therefore well is that saying verified of these and like persons, which is usuall in the mouths of many men, Mel in ore, verba lactis, fel in corde, fraus in factis; Honey in the mouth, Gall in the heart, and guile in their actions,

* 1.806

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, an Arme Sinister, issuing out of the Dexter point, and extended towards the Sinister base in form of a Bend, Gules, by the name of Corne∣hill. The Arme is a member of the body ordained by Nature for labour: and for that purpose she hath for∣tified the same strongly with Arteries, Muscles, and Sinewes: by the Arme therefore is signified a labori∣ous and industrious man, but that no man should re∣ly on his own or any other mans power or industry too much, God hath forbidden us to trust to the Arme of flesh.

* 1.807

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Dexter Armes conjoyned at the Shoulders, and flexed in Triangle, Or, with Fist clenched, Argent. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the Family of Iremaine of Colacombe in Devonshire. These Armes and Hands conjoyned and clenched after this manner, may signifie a treble offer of revenge for some notable injury done to the person or fame of the first bearer, which to an honest man is no lesse dear than life; Nam honor & honestas pari pass•• cum vita ambu arent.

* 1.808

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Chief, Gules, a hand extended ••nd borne transverse the Chief, Argent, by the name of Mainstone. The Hand is the pledge of friendship and fidelity, which was in ancient times confirmed by sha∣king of hands: but latter times have taken up ano∣ther fashion, by embracing with the Armes: but the truth is, a handful of that ancient Amity, is more worth than a whole armefull of the new; which now every where consists in words, not in deeds. The hand is the chief working instrument of the body, and of no lesse comelinesse than use; Quam multarum artium ministrae sunt? saith Zanchius, of how many Arts is the hand the worker? and it is called m••nus (according to some) à manando, Vel quia ipsa è brachio manat, vel quia ex ea manant digiti; either for that it proceedeth out of the Arme, or for that the fingers proceed out of it. This member is divided into five parts, whereof each one hath a name appro∣priate to the particular use therof: as the thumb is called Pollex, quod vir∣tute prae caeteris polleat, for the strength of it. The fore-finger is named Index, Quia homo illo digito omnia indica••, for pointing with it. The next is called of the place, M••dius, the middle finger. The fourth Annularis, or Ring finger. The fifth Auricul••ris, because men use to pick their Eare therewith.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearl, a Cheuron, Saphire, between three sinister hands couped at the wrist, Ruby. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable, William Lord May∣nard of Estaines in England, and of Wicklogh in the Kingdome of Ireland.

In the actions & gestures of the body, of all the mem∣bers thereof the hand is (as I may say) the most talka∣tive. For it is an usual thing with the most sort of men, by the motion of the right hand to crave silence: when we make any speech or protestation of our selves, we

do clap our hands upon our breasts; When we are moved with admiration, we strike our hand upon our thigh; With the hand we do beckon and allure unto us, and therewith we do repell and put from us; When we speak to other men, we do extend our hands towards them. The apposition of the finger to the mouth, is a note of silence craved, the striking of the breast with the fist, is a token of sorrow and repentance, the exalting and shaking of the right hand aloft, is usuall with military persons when they will noti∣fie any prosperous successe.

The hand, as it is comely in sight, so is it also of singular use, and an In∣strument of many Arts: for by their help there is no invention of mans wit left unattempted and brought to perfection, and therefore it is of all other members of mans body, the nimblest and most universall: yet is the same no longer reckoned a part of man, than it can performe her function, as witnesseth Aristotle Metaph: Manus non semper est pars hominis, nisi quando potest perficere opus suum.

The clapping of hands is a token of joy and applause, and hath been in use not onely with men of modern times, when they would signifie their con∣sent and approbation, but also with those of ancient time, as we may see when Jehoiada the Priest caused Joash the son of Ahaziah to be crowned King; Then he brought out the Kings son, and put the Crown upon him, and gave him the Testimony, and they made him King and anointed him, and they clapt their hands, and said, God save the King.

Anciently the cutting off of hands and feet was used for a military pu∣nishment, for such as had committed some capitall crime meriting death. So we read that Aufidius Cassius by a new and un-experimented example did punish divers fugitive Souldiers, that had abandoned their Captain, by cutting off their hands and feet, affirming that such punishment was more exemplary and disciplinable than the putting of them to death: by how much a long and lingering reproachfull life, is worse than death it self, that giveth a speedy end to all lamentable and wretched calamities.

It hath been an ancient custom that when a Master requireth his servant to perform for him any matter of importance (and would oblige him by taking of a solemn oath, to use his best care and diligence for the effectu∣all accomplishing thereof) to cause his servant to put his hand under his thigh, and so to take his oath, as we may see Gen. 24.2, 3. Put now thy hand under my thigh, and I will make thee sweare by the Lord God of Heaven, and the God of earth, that thou shalt not take a wife unto my son of the Daughters of the Canaanites amongst whom I dwell: This Ceremony shewed the servants o∣bedience to his Master, and the Masters power over the servant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Sable, between foure Dexter hands couped at the wrist, Gules, by the name of Quatermaine. The Kissing of the hand so much in use with us at this day, may be thought to be an in∣vention of the latter hatchers; but if we look back into the customs of ancient times; we shall find that it was in use many ages past, and is by the revolution of time become new again: For what is new saith Salo∣mon that hath not been in former times? Of this custom of skissing the hand, we read as followeth, Many, when a thing was lent them, reckoned it to be found, and put them to trouble that helped them. Till he hath received, he will kiss a mans hand:* 1.809 and concerning the Anti∣quitie

of this action of kissing the Hand; you may further reade, Learned Master S••lden in his Titles of Honour. pag. 40.

* 1.810

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Barrey of sixe peeces, Or, and Sable, over all a Pale, Gules, charged with a womans Dugge, distilling droppes of milke proper, by the name of Dodge. And here because I finde in the Office of Armes a copy of the first Grant of this Coate-Armour, and that very ancient, I thinke it convenient to acquaint the Reader with some particulars of the said Patent as I there finde it; whereby appeareth that James Hedingley then Guyen King of Armes, after recitall made of the loyall and valiant service which Peter Dodge, borne in the Towne of Stopworth in the County of Chester, Gentle∣man, had done to King Edward the first, (for as it there appeareth by the Copie; this instrument beareth date the eighth of Aprill in the 34. yeare of that Kings Reigne) in divers battels and sieges, for which the said King had remunerated him the sayd Peter, with the gift of a Seignory, or Lordship there mentioned: He (I say) the sayd King of Armes, after such recitall made, doth give and grant unto the sayd Peter Dodge, that from thenceforth, Il (understand the sayd Peter) porter a son escu d'or & Sables, barre de sixe pieces & ung Pale de Gules, auec une mamelle de femme degoullant; for so are the very words and their Orthographie, in the copie of the Patent, which is in French. Thus much whereof I thought fit to present to the publike view, not doubting but the Judicious Reader by careful observation thereof may make some good use. The function of this number is thus taught us, 2 Esdr. 8. For thou hast commanded the members, even the Brest to give milke unto the fruit appointed for the breasts, that the thing which is crea∣ted might be nourished for a time, till thou disposest it to thy mercy.

The earths fountaines are made to give water, and the brests of women are made to give sucke: but Gentlewomen and Citizens wives are sayd to bee troubled with a perpetuall drought in their Brests, like the gout that haun∣teth the rich and wealthy only: By the Teates sometimes are meant the plentifull fields wherewith men are nourished: as we may read,* 1.811 Esay 32.12. Men shall lament for the teates, even the pleasant fields, and for the fruitfull vines: Like as wholesome and plentifull feeding nourisheth and encrea∣seth milke, so contrary-wise, thin dyet, sorrow, and grief of mind or sicknesse, dryeth up, and much wasteth the same.

The Prophet Esay shewing the untowardnesse of those that should learn the Word of God, saith, Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand the things that he feareth? Them that are weaned from the milke, and drawn from the Breasts, Esay 28.9. Whereby he sharply repre∣hended their backwardnesse in Religion, and compareth them to babes newly weaned from the Breasts.

* 1.812

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Mans Leg Couped at the middest of the Thigh, Azure, by the name of Haddon. The Leg is the member of strength, stabilitie, expedition, and obedience. It was a custome of the ancient World, that servants or Children should put their hand under the Thigh of him to whom they should be obliged by oath▪* 1.813 which ceremony (as some take it) they used as∣well to shew the ready obedience of the servants and

children towards their Masters and Parents, as also the jurisdiction and au∣thority of their Masters and Parents over them, as I have formerly shewed, page 251. So did Abraham cause his servant to do; and the like oath also did Israel require of his son Joseph.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Mans Legge Erased at the Thigh,* 1.814 Sable, by the name of Prime.

In blazoning of Coat-armour consisting of Legs borne after this manner,* 1.815 I hold it needlesse to men∣tion the bearing thereof in pale, because it is naturall for a mans Leg to stand upright: but if the same be borne in any other sort than thus, then shall you make speciall mention thereof.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Leg Couped,* 1.816 below the Knee, Argent, by the name of Shrigley of Cheshire. The Leg being the lowest and lowliest part of the Body, therefore do we use the motion thereof, to shew humility and submission to our Superiours: and of all gestures of the Leg, it is not more plyable to any, than to that whereby we humble our selves before God in kneeling and praying, as if Nature had especially framed our Bodies, as well as our Souls, for that service to him that made us. And in this sense, God doth de∣light in mans legs, though he doth not (as himself saith) in the strength or beauty thereof. And as the Leg cut off from the body, loseth all his former strength, so Man cut off from God, loseth all his grace, power, and felicity, which are onely preserved by our Ʋnion with him.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXV.

IN the processe of our former tracts touching Animals as well Rationall as Irrationall,* 1.817 we have been very carefull to limit every severall kind of creatures with his own Naturall and distinct bounds, formes, and proprie∣ties, whereby it hapneth, that such other kinds of living creatures, as are any way exorbitant from Natures generall course and intendment, either for qualities or essence (and therefore wanted a certain place amongst the rest, have been reserved for this last place. And of these are divers sorts; as first Amphibia,* 1.818 such as live sometimes as if they were water creatures, at other times as if they were land-creatures, as examples here shall shew.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Beaver erected,* 1.819 Sable▪ devou∣ring a fish, proper, Armed, Gules. This Coat standeth in a glasse window in an Inne of Chancery called New-Inne-Hall without Temple Bar, near London. The Bea∣ver is like an Otter, and both of them are like slye dis∣sembling companions, who to make their profit, and feed their own bellies, will closely keep good quar∣ter with contrary sides, in affection to neither, but onely for their own behoof: therefore I could wish they had one other property of the Beaver; which is

to himself, that so he might escape from his pursuers, who hunt him for his testickles, which are much used in Physick. This Beaver hath onely his taile fish, and therefore keeps that part most in the water: he hath his hinder legs like a Swan, and his formost like a Dog, and so swimmeth with the one whilst he preyeth with the other.

* 1.820

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, between three Otters, Sable, by the name of Lutterell. Sir John Maundevile in his Discourses, reporteth that in the Country of Chi∣na they use Otters for water-dogs, bred tame among hem in great number, which so often as they are commanded, go into the waters and bring forth Fish to their Masters.

* 1.821

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, between three Seals feet Erected and Erased, Sable. These Armes do per∣tain to the Town of Yarmouth in Norfolke. The Fins wherewith this Fish doth swim, do serve her turne also as feet to go withall upon the Land. The milk of this Seale (or Sea Calf) is very wholesome against the Falling sicknesse: but she sucketh it out, and spil∣leth it of envy, that it should not profit any other. To this head of Amphibia, all other of like nature are to be reduced.

* 1.822The second sort of Natures un-naturall creatures (as I may call them) are Bigenera, such as are ingendred of two distinct kinds of Beasts, against the prescript of Natures order. Of which prodigious kinds of Beasts, as some have been procreated by means of mans idle invention, and others by ca∣suall accident;* 1.823 so are there sundry sorts of Beasts no lesse un-naturally ingendred, through carelesse neglect of the separating each sort of Cattle by themselves, and by permitting Beasts of distinct kinds, to sort and feed together confusedly in the time of their heat. Such are those that Ʋpton calleth Musimons, ingendred of a Goat and a Ram; Tytiri, of a Sheep and a Goat; Hybrides, of a wilde Boare and a tame Sow; Castorides, Dogges in∣gendred by a Fox and a Beaver; Lyciscus, of a Wolfe and a Mastiffe, and such like.

These bigenerous beasts (saith Ʋpton) may well beseem the bearing of Abbats and Abbesses who bear the Miter and the Crosse, which are represen∣tations of Pastorall jurisdiction, but have not the actuall exercise thereof; as the Mule and Leopard, having the generative instruments of the Horse and the Lyon, yet have not the naturall use of them: though in this property, Abbats and Abbesses have never been very like them, but for the other re∣spect. Whereupon a certain Author hath this saying.

Mulus & Abbates sunt in honore pares:

Mules, Abbats, and Abbesses are alike; They beare the Weapons, but cannot strike.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Musimon, Argent. This is a Bigenerous beast of unkindly procreation (like as the Mule before exemplified amongst whole-footed beasts) and is ingendred between a Goat and a Ram, like as the Tytirus is ingendred between a Sheep and a Buck Goat, as Ʋpton noteth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Leopard passant, Gardant, Or, Spotted,* 1.824 Sable. The shape of the Leopard bewraieth his unkindly birth, forasmuch as he is in all propor∣tion of body more like the Pardus, as well in respect of the slendernesse of his body, as of his spots, and wanteth the courage notified by the plentifull mane wherewith Nature hath invested the Lyon, being the expresse token of his generous and noble spirit. This mis-begotten Beast is naturally enemy to the Lyon,* 1.825 and finding his own defect of courage to en∣counter the Lyon in fair fight, he observeth when the Lyon makes his walk near to his Den, which (in policy) he hath purposely wrought spa∣cious and wide in the double entrance thereof, and narrow in the midst, so as himself being much more slender than the Lyon, may easily passe: when he seeth the Lyon, he maketh towards him hastily, as if he would bid him battell in the open fields; and when he seeth the Lyon prepared to encounter him, he betaketh him to his heeles, and maketh towards his Den with all celerity, whom the Lyon eagerly pursueth with full course, dreaming of no danger by reason of the large entrance into the Den. At length through the vehemency of his swift course, he becometh so straitned in the narrow passage in the midst of the Den (by reason he is much bigger bodied than the Leopard) that he can go neither forwards nor backwards. The Lyon being thus distressed, his enemy passeth tho∣rough his Den, and cometh behind him, and gnaweth him to death. Of this Beast, the head is more usually borne in Coat-Armour than the whole, and that in a diverse manner, as by these examples next ensuing may be seen.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Leopards heads, Or, by the name of Wentworth of Wentworth-Wood-house in York-shire, where they have flourished for many hundred years, of which Family Thomas Viscount Wentworth (Son of Sir William Went∣worth Baronet) was created Earle of Strafford, the first of December, in the seventeenth year of the late King, whose worthy Son William now enjoyes those Titles; from this Family, derives it selfe also that of Nettlested, Earle of Cleveland.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a Cheuron between three Leo∣pards heads, Or, by the name of Fitch of Essex.

He beareth, Or, a Cheuron between three Leo∣pards heads, Sable, by the name of Wheeler, and is the Coat of Sir William Wheeler, Knighted by Oliver late Lord Protector, 26. Aug. 1657.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Leopards heads, Sable, this was the Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Newport of High-Archall in the County of Salop, created Lord Newport the fourteenth of October, 1642.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, two Bars, Argent, in Chief, three Leopards Heads, Or. This is the Coat of Sir Henry Wright Baronet, son of that eminent Physician lately deceased, of which Family was also Nathan Wright of London, Merchant, lately deceased, Father of Benja∣min Wright Esquire, living 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Pile surmounted by a Fesse, between four Leopards heads, Gules, by the name of Garway, and is thus borne by William Garway of Chichester, Esquire, son and heir of Sir Henry Garway, Lord Mayor of London 1639. William Garway Agent to Persia, and his Brothers, John, Robert, and Rowland; and also of John, Thomas, and Philip, sons of John, and he of Richard Garway Governour of Barwick Castle, all descended from Webley in Hereford-shire.

* 1.826

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Verrey on a Pale, Gules, three Leopards Heads, Or, by the name of Ockowld. The Leopard hath a name well fitting his unkindly procreation and double Nature: for being ingendred between the Lionesse and the Pardus, is thereupon called a Leopard. It is oftentimes found in the hot climates, especially in Africa, where, through great scarcity of waters, many Beasts did often convent together at some River to drink,* 1.827 of whose commixtion, many monstrous births have been produced; which gave occasion of that vulgar Proverb, Semper aliquid novi fert Africa: Africa still yeelds new Monsters.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, a Leopards head, Argent, Jessant, a flower delis, Or, a Cressant for a difference of the second. This is the Coat-armour of James Morley, Esquire, one of the Six Clerks of the Kings Majesties high Court of Chancery: what Jessant is, I have formerly shewed you in the 15. Chapter of this third Section, pag. 194. And now I will shew you three Leopards heads Jes∣sant, the like flowers borne in one Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, three Leopards heads Jessant, flowers de lis, Or. This is the Coat-Armour of Bramp∣ton Gordon of Assington in the County of Suffolk, Es∣quire. Some are of opinion that this colour Sable, is the most ancient of colours, and their reason is, for that it appeareth in Gen. Chap. 1.2. that darknesse was be∣fore God made light. Here you see this Sable Field charged with Or. And what kind of qualified and conditioned Bearer a Coat-armour of this colour and me∣tall befitteth, I have already declared in the 10. Chap. of this third Section, page 145.

Now in the Blazon of this next ensuing Escocheon, I in this present Edi∣tion shall upon better consideration differ from that which I gave it in my former, Secundae Cogitationes soepe sunt meliores.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Leopards heads, Or, Jes∣sant, flowers de lis,* 1.828 Azure, over all a bend engrailed of the third, by the name of Dennis. This is that anci∣ent Coat-armour of that Family, as appeareth in the Cathedrall Church of Worcester and Hereford, as also in the Churches of Durham and Auste, and many other places: neverthelesse, some have of late years alte∣red the flowers de lis into Or, wherein they have much wronged the Bearers, in rejecting the ancient forme, which is both warranted by Antique Monu∣ments, and no way discommendable, sith it is borne in the naturall colour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, three Leopards heads reversed,* 1.829 swallowing as many Flowers de lis, Or. This Coat per∣taineth to the See of Hereford. These Leopards heads differ from the former in this, that they are borne reversed; of which form of bearing you must take speciall notice in Blazon, as also of the Flowers de lis, which in these are said to be swallowed, and not borne.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXVI.

ANother sort there is of exorbitant Animals much more prodigious than all the former: such are those Creatures formed, or rather deformed

with the confused shapes of Creatures of different kinds and qualities. These (according to some Authors) are called in Latine Monstra, à Mon∣strando, for fore-shewing some strange events. These Monsters (saith Saint Augustine) cannot be reckoned amongst those good Creatures that God created before the transgression of Adam: for those did God (when he took the survey of them) pronounce to be valde bona, for they had in them neither accesse nor defect, but were the perfect workmanship of Gods creation. And of them Zanchius saith, that Eorum deformitas habet usus, cum & Deo serviant, ad gloriam ipsius illustrandam, & electis ad salutem pro∣movendam. If Man had not transgressed the Law of his Maker, this dread∣full deformity (in likelihood) had not happened in the procreation of A∣nimals, which some Philosophers do call Peccata Naturae, Errors in Nature, Quoniam natura impeditur in horum generatione ne possit quale velit producere animal. Some examples in this kind here ensue.

* 1.830

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Griffon Passant, his wings displayed, Sable, Armed, Gules, by the name of Halton. Leigh in his Blazon of this Beast, addeth this word Sergreant, in regard of his two-fold forme, wherein he doth (as touching his fore-parts) par∣ticipate with the Eagle, and (in the hindmost parts) with the Lyon: If that be the cause, then doubtless that terme cannot be said to be peculiar to the Griffon, as he would have it, but rather common to whatsoever other Animal of double nature: as the Wiverne, Cockatrice, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Griffon Passant, and a Chief, Or, by the name of Evelin, a very spreading and wor∣thy Family in Surrey, Hampshire, London, and other parts.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Griffon, Sergreant, Or, this Coat is borne by two severall Families, not having relation one to the other, viz. by Sir John Read of Brocket-Hall, in the County of Hartford, created Ba∣ronet the sixteenth of March, 1641. created Baronet again by Oliver Lord Protector, the twenty fifth of June, 1656. And this Coat is also borne by the name of Cursellis of London, Merchants, a Family of good ac∣count, descended out of Flanders.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Griffon Rampand,* 1.831 with wings dis∣plaied, Sable, by the name of Morgan. The erecting of the fore-legs of this Griffon, is an evident testimo∣ny of his readiness for action, which addeth a second force to his attempt, and promiseth a successfull e∣vent of his enterprise, by reason he uniteth force and industry together. The Griffon having attained his full growth, will never be taken alive; wherein he doth Adumbrate or rather lively set forth the pro∣perty of a valorous Souldier,* 1.832 whose Magnanimity is such as he had rather expose himself to all dangers, and even to death it self, than to become captive.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Griffon Sergreant, Sable, with∣in a Bordure, Gules, this is the Coat of Boys of Kent, a Family of worthy note now flourishing in the per∣sons of Edward Boys of Fredvile, Sir John Boys of Bon∣nington, Master Boys of Trapham of Ʋffington, and ma∣ny other places in that Country.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Grif∣fons heads erased, Argent, this is the Coat of Sir John Cotton of Lanwade in the County of Cambridge, and of Farningham in Kent, created Baronet July 14. 1641. he was son of Sir John Cotton, Knight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Cheuron, between three Griffons heads Erased, Azure, two Lyons coun∣ter-passant, of the Field, by the name of Gardi∣ner of Wigan in Lancashire, from whence de∣scended Robert Gardiner of London, Esquire, Fa∣ther of that hopefull Gentleman William Gardi∣ner, and of Mary Baronesse Digby of Geshall in Ire∣land.

As a Lyon Rampand is figured erectus, elevatus, mordax ore, radens pedi∣bus, so may a Beare, Griffon, or whatsoever other Animall of fierce nature (as aforesaid) that is shaped in like form and action: For the Lyon is not said to be Rampand, because he representeth the shape of a Lyon, but in re∣spect of his fierce and cruell action; so this in like manner using the same actions, may apertly participate the same terms of Blazon, his double shape notwithstanding, Similium enim similis est ratio.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, per bend, Or, and Gules, three Griffons heads erased, counterchanged on a Chief, Argent, a Flowerdeluce between two Roses of the second, by the name of Rycroft or Roycroft, who from Abivill in Normandy, planted themselves in Lancashire, from whence are derived the severall Stems in Shropshire, Cheshire, Devonshire, and London; and is borne by Josiah Rycroft of London, Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Dragons heads erased, Or, a chief, Argent, by the name of Cutler, this Coat is borne by John Cutler of London, Esquire.

* 1.833

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Wiverne, his wings displaied, and Taile Nowed, Gules, by the the name of Drakes. This word Nowed, is as much to say in Latine as No∣datus. This Taile is said to be Nowed, because it is in∣tricately knotted with divers infoldings, after the manner of a Frette: Like as a Griffon doth partici∣pate of a Fowle and a Beast, as aforesaid: so doth the Wiverne partake of a Fowle in the Wings and Legs, and with a Snake, Adder, or such other Serpents (as are not of Gressible kind, but Glide along upon their Belly) and doth resemble a Serpent in the Taile.

The Poets do feign that Dragons do keep, or (according to our English phrase) sit abrood upon Riches and Treasures, which are therefore com∣mitted to their charge, because of their admirable sharpnesse of sight, and for that they are supposed (of all other living things) to be the most va∣liant. Adag. col. 515. Whereof Ovid. Metamorph. 7.

Pervigilem superest herbis sopire Draconem. The Dragons are naturally so hot, that they cannot be cooled by drinking of water, but still gape for the Aire to refresh them, as appeareth, Jeremiah 14.6. And the wild Asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up the wind like Dragons; their eyes did faile because there was no grasse.

* 1.834

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cockatrice displaied, Argent, crested, membred, and jollopped, Gules, by the name of Buggine. The Cockatrice is called in Latine Regulus▪ for that he seemeth to be a little King amongst Serpents, not in regard of his quantity, but in respect of the infection of his pestiferous and poysonfull aspect, where∣with he poisoneth the Aire. Not unlike those devil∣lish Witches, that do work the destruction of silly

Infants, as also of the Cattell of such their neighbours, whose prosperous estate is to them a most greivous eye-sore. Of such Virgil in his Bucolicks makes mention, saying,

Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat Agnos.

I know not what wicked eye hath bewitched my tender Lambs.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Reremouse displaied,* 1.835 Sable, by the name of Bakster. The Aegyptians (saith Pie∣rius) used to signifie by the Reremouse, a man that having small means and weak power, either of No∣bility, or of Fortune, or yet stored with pregnancy of wit, hath neverthelesse stepped up so suddenly, that he might seem not so much to be supported by the earth, as by a sudden flight to be exalted a∣bove the same. Sometimes you shall find this bird borne in the form of some Ordinary; for so shall you see them borne displayed in Pale, three of them one above another. As in the Ensignes of the Kingdome of India, sorted amongst the Coat-Armours of the innumerous multitude of the great assembly holden at the Councell of Constance, Anno Dom. 1414. This little creature doth par∣take both with beast and bird, in such nearnesse of resemblance to either of them, as that it may (with reason) be doubted, of whether kind he is. By occasion whereof he taketh advantage in the battell between beasts and birds (mentioned in the Fables of Aesop) to flutter aloft above them to behold the event of that dangerous fight, with a resolution to incline to the stronger part. Of all Birds (according to Pliny) this alone bringeth forth young alive, and none but she hath wings made of panicles or thin skins. So is she the onely bird that suckleth her young with her paps, and giveth them milke.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, an Harpey with her wings dis∣closed,* 1.836 her Haire flotant, Or, Armed of the same. This Coat standeth in Huntington Church. Of this kind of bird (or rather Monster) Virgil writeth in this man∣ner;

Tristius haud illis monstrum,* 1.837 nec saevior ulla Pestis & ira deum, Stygiis sese extulit undis, Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima vultus Ingluvies, uncae{que} manus & pallida semper Ora fame.—

Of monsters all, most monstrous this; no greater wrath God sends 'mongst men; it comes from depth of pitchy Hell: And Virgins face, but wombe-like gulfe unsatiate hath, Her hands are griping clawes, her colour pale and fell.

* 1.838

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field, Azure, an Harpey displayed, Crined, Crowned, and Armed, Or. These are the Armes of the noble City of Norenberga, which according to some Authors, is scituate in the very Center of the vast and spacious Country of Germany. The Harpey (saith Ʋpton) should be given to such persons as have committed man-slaughter, to the end that by the often view of their Ensigns they might be moved to bewaile the foulness of their offence.

* 1.839

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Mermaid, Gules, Crined, Or, holding a Mirror in her right hand, and a Combe in her left, by the name of Ellis.

To these must be added, Montegres, Satyres, Monk-fishes. As also Lyons-dragons, Lyons-poisons, and what∣soever other double-shaped Animall of any two or more of the particular kinds before handled.

SECT. III. CHAP. XXVII.

UNto this will I adde some sorts of Animals, which although they be duly shaped,* 1.840 and therefore may seem to agree with those of the same kind formerly treated of, yet do they much differ from them, either in their unnaturall postures and gestures; or else being with some liberty-de∣barring instrument by mans industry and invention, restrained of their na∣turall freedome, as by a chain, or the like; and therefore could not ac∣cording to Methods strict rule have been handled promiscuously among the former. Some few examples of this kind of bearing of Animals of this sort in Coat-armour, I here present unto your view.

* 1.841

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Lyon Rampand, Regardant, Sa∣ble, Armed, Gules, by the name of Gway the Voyde, sometime Lord of Cardagan in Wales. This action doth manifest an inward and degenerate perturbation of the mind, which is meerly repugnant to the most couragious nature of the Lyon, Cujus natura est imper∣territa, according to the saying, Leo fortissimus besti∣arum ad nullius pavebit occursum.

The form of bearing of the Lyon Regardant, albeit in respect of his courage & magnanimity, it be contrary to his natural quality, for that it may be thought, and is indeed generally holden to be a chief note of timorousnesse, which is meerly contrary to his generous nature; yet nevertheless it is good Armory, not only in him, but also in all other Animals of like bearing, so long as they are borne signifi∣cantly; and it fitteth our profession, to interpret all sorts of bearing to the best, that is to say, to the most honour of their bearers. To the end there∣fore that I may give some satisfaction touching the commendable

bearing thereof, to such as do hold the contrary, I hold the same forme of bearing to be borne (not onely in the Lyon, but in whatsoever other Animals) significantly, and therefore commendably: Forasmuch as such action betokeneth a diligent circumspection, or regardfull consi∣deration of fore-passed events of things, and comparing of them with things present, that he may give a conjecturall guesse of the effects of things yet to come, and resting in deliberation, which proprieties are pe∣culiar to men that are carefull and considerate of such businesses as they do undertake.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampand, coward,* 1.842 Pur∣pure, by the name of Rowch. This is termed a Lyon Coward, for that in cowardly sort he clappeth his tail between his legs, which is proper to all kind of beasts (having tails) in case of extremity and fear, than which nothing is more contrary to the magna∣nimity and noble stomack of the Lyon, who will not shrink or be abashed at any encounter, so valiant and resolute is he of nature.

Other sorts of bearing of Animals there be, whose naturall actions are hindred by reason of the apposition of certain Artifi∣ciall Impediments. As shall appeare hereafter in these next following Escocheons.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampand, Sable, Gor∣ged with a Collar and a Chain thereto affixed,* 1.843 reflexing over his back, Or, by the name of Meredith. Such forme of bearing may signifie some Bearer thereof to be captivated by such an one as was of greater power than himself.

No beast can be truly said to be free that is tied a∣bout the neck, which Aristotle observeth, saying, Nullum animal tunc est liberum, quando collum suum vin∣culis habet solutum.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Boare, Argent, Armed, gris∣led, Collared and Chained, Or, tyed to an Holly bush on a mount in base, both proper. This was the paternall Coat-armour of George Owen Esquire, deceased, a singu∣lar lover, and an industrious Collector of Antiquities, as learned Master Camden writeth in the description of Pembroke-shire. He was owner of the Barony of Keimes in the said County, which as the same Master Camden there noteth, consisteth of twenty Knights fees, and twenty six Parishes, over and above the three Burroughes of Newport, Fishgard, and Saint Dogmaels. By this Master Owens industry, the printed Map of the said County, was, as you may see in the said Master Camdens description, composed.

* 1.844

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Horse passant, Argent, Spance∣led on both legs of the nearer side, Gules, by the name of Percivall. Albeit this Horse be now Spanceled as you see, yet must you not account him to be of so base and dejected nature, as that he hath been forced to this subjection, but rather won thereunto by tra∣ctable usage: for such is the quality of noble spirits, as that they are rather brought to conformity by gentlenesse than by severity, according to the memo∣rable saying of Seneca, Generosus animus facilius ducitur quam trahitur. For it is with irrationall Animals, as with the Rationall, who are rather drawn by the Eares than by the Cloake: That is, they are sooner won by perswasion, than forced by compulsary means, which being taken in this sense, the imposition of this Artificiall note of restraint, doth no way derogate from the worth of the Bearer.

In the closing up of this third Section of Irrationall Animals, I will note unto you some few examples (not unworthy your observation) of some other sorts of bearing than have been hitherto spoken of, for that I would not willingly omit any thing worthy of note, that may serve for your better information: for I had rather you were ill furnished at my hands, than that I should leave you altogether disfurnished. The things that I purpose to note unto you in this place, are briefly these: to wit, That there are some Coat-Armours, whose Fields (besides their grand charge) do admit some petite charge to be annexed to the primer charge. Others there are, wherein the field being freed of such petty Charges, the same are im∣posed upon the charge it selfe. Hence it is, that we have so many Lyons and other living things borne Gutte, Billette, Escalloppe, Pellette, &c. as by this that ensueth in part may be seen.

* 1.845

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Lyon Rampand, between eight Crosse Croslets, Fitched, 3.2.2. and 1. Or, char∣ged on the shoulder with a Cressant, Gules, a chief of the second, by the name of Jordane. A like bearing to this (the chief excepted) hath the Lord Delaware for his second Coat, which is Gules, crusule botonne fitchee, a Lyon Rampand, Argent, by the name of Laware, which I do note unto you for a further instance of such bearing.

* 1.846

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Diamond, a Lyon Rampand between eight Crosses Croslets, Pearle. This Coat-armour per∣taineth to the Ancient Family of Long of Wiltshire: whereof that Honourable and vertuous Baronnesse, the Lady Russell, sometime wife to the late right Ho∣nourable and thrice worthy Sir William Russell, Lord Russell of Thornhaw, deceased, was descended: whose severall vertues deserve to be published by a more skilfull pen. Yet can I not, but shew my dutifull af∣fection unto them for those many honourable re∣spects touching my own particular.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, two Lyoncels passant, Argent, be∣tween nine crosses croslets Fitched, Or, an Inescocheon of the second, charged with a Sinister hand couped at the wrist as the first, in chief one Cressant surmounted by another (for a difference of a second Brother of a se∣cond.) This Coat-Armour belongeth to Sir William Acton Knight and Baronet, Alderman of the City of London, who is descended of the Actons of Aldenham in the County of Salop, a Family of good worth and note there. I do here in the blazon mention nine crosse croslets Fitched, although the one of them by reason of the addition of the superjacent Inescocheon is little discerned, and another of them is by the Cressants somewhat obscured: A like Blazon of an undiscerned Charge you may see in the 23. Chap. of this third Section, in the Coat-armour of King∣scot, page 239.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Lyon Rampant, in Chief, three Escallops, Argent, by the name of Clutterbuck.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Lyon Rampant, Sable, Gutte,* 1.847 Or, by the name Bromwich. As this Charge is borne Gutte, so shall the carefull observer find other Charges borne Billette, Pellette, &c. And so concluding this third Section, I will hasten to the next.

The end of the third Section.

Felices essent Artes, si de his solummodo Artifices judicarent.

THis Fourth Section treateth of Coat-Armours formed of things Artificiall, that is, of such things as are wrought by the Wit, Art, and Endeavour of Man, for the Use of Man: whether we consider such Artificials as appertain to the use of Civill Life, as the Ensigns of Dignities, both Temporall and Ecclesiasticall; and of Professions, both Liberall and Mechanicall: or else as they belong to the Life and Actions Military; for Artificials being made for the behoof and severall Uses of Men, they are here proposed according to the severall Actions and Estates of Men.

Scientia non habet inimi um praeter ignorantem.

The Table of the Fourth Section.

Artificials as they are borne in Coat-ar∣mours, are considered according to Mens e∣states and actions.

• Civill in regard of
  • Prehemi∣nence of dignity
    • Tempo∣rall,
      • Supream, as Empe∣rours, Kings, Free States.
        • and their Ensignes are
          • Borne by the persons themselves having such dignity, as Crowns Chapeaus, Robes of Estate, Scepters, Mounds, &c.
          • Borne before them as tokens of such their dignity, as the Sword of Estate, the Lord Chancellors Purse, the great Mace, &c.
        • Subordinate, as Princes, Dukes, Grand-Officers, Magistrates, &c.
          • and their Ensignes are
            • Borne by the persons themselves having such dignity, as Crowns Chapeaus, Robes of Estate, Scepters, Mounds, &c.
            • Borne before them as tokens of such their dignity, as the Sword of Estate, the Lord Chancellors Purse, the great Mace, &c.
      • Ecclesia∣sticall.
        • Antichristian, as Pope, Cardinals, &c.
          • and theirs likewise either
            • Borne or worne by the persons themselves, as the Triple Crown, Cardinals Hat, Pall, Miter, Croysier.
            • Borne before them, as the Cross, Vierge, &c.
        • Christian and A∣postolicall, as Arch-bishops, and Bishops, &c.
          • and theirs likewise either
            • Borne or worne by the persons themselves, as the Triple Crown, Cardinals Hat, Pall, Miter, Croysier.
            • Borne before them, as the Cross, Vierge, &c.
    • Professi∣ons and Arts.
      • Liberall, which are
        • Cardinall or chief facul∣ties, as
          • Theologie for souls,
          • Physick, for our bodies, to which Surgerie also it referred.
          • Law for our Fortunes.
        • Subordinate, as the 7 Sciences,
          • Grammar.
          • Logick.
          • Rhetorick.
          • Geometry.
          • Musick.
          • Arithmetick.
          • Astronomie.
      • Mecha∣nicall.
        • For necessity, and so princi∣pall, as
          • Agriculture, pasture, vine-dressings, &c.
          • Cloathing, Tailery, &c.
          • Armature, Architecture, Carpentry, &c.
          • Navigation.
          • Venation,
            • Hunting.
            • Hawking.
            • Fishing.
        • For delight only, and so less principall
          • Cookery.
          • Embroidering.
          • Painting.
          • Carving.
          • Playing.
            • On Stage.
            • At Cards, Dice.
            • Tables, &c.
  • Military whereof some serve for
    • Order, where∣of some are of
      • Shew, as Banners, Pennons, Guidhims, Penonsels, Standards, &c.
      • Sound, as Drumme, Trumpet, Fife, &c.
    • Execu∣tion of Order.
      • Invasive of which some are
        • Miffile, as great Ordnances with their parts and Appurtenances, Bowes, Arrowes, Darts, Slings, &c.
        • Manuall, as Swords, Spears, Bills, Partizans, Glaives, &c.
      • Defen∣sive, ser∣ving for
        • Man, and are for
          • Defence onely, as Shields, Pavices, Targets, Buck∣lers. &c.
          • Defence and habit, as Casks, Helmets, Gauntlets, Corslets, Curasses, with their parts.
        • Horse, and are ordai∣ned for
          • Defence and Ornament, as the Shafrone, Cranet, Barde, &c.
          • Common use, as Bits, Bridle, Snaffles, Saddle, Stirrops, Horse-shooes, &c.

SECTION IV. CHAP. I.

AS all Naturall things (of which hitherto we have intreated) were made by the powerfull hand of the Almighty and All-wise God for the use of Mankind,* 1.848 so did God also endue Man with an admirable power infused into him, with a Reasonable Soul, whereby every Man might invent wayes and means to help himself, and one Man to help another by the benefit of Arts, for the better use of those things which God and Nature hath pro∣vided. In which respects Art is reputed Naturae Simia, Natures Ape, for imitating those things which Nature her self hath framed, as we see in Painting, Poetry, and the like: but we may go further (since Art goeth further, and adde, that Art is also Natura Obstetrix, Medica, Leno? Natures Midwife,* 1.849 in helping her for the safer and better producing of her fruits, as is Husbandry, &c. Natures Physician, in preserving Natures workes, as Ar∣chitecture, Armature, and Physick it self. Lastly, Art is Natures Pandor, in set∣ting her out to the most tempting and pleasing fashion by inventing those things that tend either to the adorning or delight, so to please the senses and fancies with those things, which in their own Nature without Art, would not be so contentfull. And therefore Aristotle yeeldeth this reason, of the invention of Arts,* 1.850 Quia natura multipliciter est ancilla & multis au∣gustis oppressa, ideo inventa est Ars, ut suppleat defectum Naturae; Nature is much kept under and oppressed like a Handmaid, and therefore Arts were invented, to supply those defects of Nature.

In this place therefore we intend from the works of Nature,* 1.851 to come to the works of Art, so far forth, as they are used in Coat-armour. And here we must be borne with, if we use the word of Art in his largest significati∣on, including all Sciences, and Knowledge, whether Contemplative, or Opera∣tive and Practick whatsoever; for soa 1.852 one hath defined it, Art is the cun∣ning of doing or teaching any thing by certain Rules [or prescript formes:] And thereforeb 1.853 some have thought Arts to be ab Arctando, Quia arctis brevibusque praeceptis concluditur; Because it is comprised in brief and compen∣dious precepts: whereas those who so call it, quia per Artus operatur, for the work of the lims or joynts, they comprehend onely Arts Mechanicall by that name. Some more probably derive it from the Greek word Arete,* 1.854 which signifieth vertue, because the perfect skill or Art of doing any thing, is pro∣perly the vertue of that Action. In handling these Artificials; I wil follow our prescribed Order,* 1.855 and begin with the Ensigns of the Actions of Estate Civill, and first with the Highest and Soveraign, as in example.

* 1.856

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Crown Mitrall, Imperiall, Sol, garnished and enriched with sundry precious Gems, Proper. These Armes do pertain to the City of Toledo in Spain. This sort of Crown was devised to represent a two-fold dignity united in one, viz. Sacrificall and Imperiall (in which respect I have given it this new-coyned form of blazon:) for in ancient times, Empe∣rours and Kings were also Priests, Tanta est Sacerdotalis dignitas, &c. (saith Ch••ssa.) so great is the Priestly dignity, that in the glorious times of the Romans, no man might be Emperour or King, but he was to be also a Priest; and thence are they stiled in Coines, Imperatores, & Pontifices Maximi; whence we may see that the originall was meerly Heathenish of the Popes usurpation of that title, Pontifex Maximus; surely he could find in his heart also to stile him∣self Imperator Maximus; for that high command he challengeth over all Emperours and Kings. And though this be now the Ensigne of the Empire, yet it is rather in possession of the usurping Papacy.

* 1.857

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Mars, A Crown Imperiall, Sol. This is called an Imperiall Crown, in regard of the Imperiall Jurisdiction and Prerogatives, that an absolute King (to whom such a Crown is due) hath within his King∣dome. The high rising of the Diad••m, doth signifie the greatnesse and perfection of such a King, from whom there is no appellation, forasmuch as he acknowledgeth no earthly Superiour, in any thing pertaining to his Roy∣all Jurisdiction, neither oweth he duty, but onely to the King of all Kings; of whom he holdeth by an Immediate right.

The cause that moved the Aegyptians to insert a Crown amongst their sa∣cred or Hierogliphicall letters, may not impertinently be expressed in this place, where we are to handle their divers forms according to the severall dignities and estates, to whom they do appertain: for as Gamesters make but cold sport when there is no mony at stake; so knowledge doth often∣times faint, if it be not seasoned with the Salt of reason. In this Hierogli∣phick we may observe the foure causes of the Law: The efficient cause is understood by the head of the King that is adorned with this Crown. The finall cause is conceived by the Flowers, or by the profitable use of fruit: which how great the same in (likely-hood) will be, may be conjectured by the flowers. The materiall cause may be gathered by the context or inter∣laced form, and workmanship of the Crown, which carryeth a resem∣blance of the people or Subjects. Finally, by the Orbicular form of the Crown is understood Justice, and amongst Mathematicians the Sphericall form is reckoned the perfectest and most noble, Farnes. 3.65.

The Prince is to the people the author of all goodnesse, inasmuch as from him, as from a plentifull Fountain, doth flow a sweet current of plentifull streams of honour, profit and pleasure. In regard whereof he is reputed to be the common parent of all his Subjects, in that he affordeth unto them whatsoever a Naturall parent oweth to his Children. The platting of these flowers in the Crown doth represent the end of the Law, which end hath his determinate period in utility, Farnes. 4.66. for that Tree which bea∣reth no blossomes, for the most part produceth no fruit at all. Ibid.

Crowns in times past have been of great value, and sumptuously en∣riched with precious stones, as we may read, 1 Chro. 20.2. And David took the Crown of their King from off his head, and found it to weigh a Talent of Gold, and there were precious stones in it. And it was set on Davids head.

In these latter ages the Emperour elected (before his Coronation) doth write himself King of the Romans, as a Title of lesse esteem and dignity than is the title of Emperour. But in ancient times the Romans had three de∣grees of supream dignity, that is to say, a King, a Dictator, an Emperour; and of these the dignity of a King was the chiefest, and next thereto, the dignity of a Dictator was holden the worthiest. And after the Dicta∣torship, the estate of an Emperour held the third place as inferiour to both the other. Hereof we have a manifest proof, in that the Senate and people of Rome minding to give unto Octavian the Emperour (being a man well deser∣ving of them) some advancement or increase of honour and dignity, they purposed to make him Dictator, which he (reverently bowing his knee) re∣fused, for that he reputed the same a Dignity more ambitious; and of grea∣ter esteem, and withall more subjected to spite and envy. Esteeming the Title of the Emperour to be popular and of small account, in comparison of the eminency of a Dictatorship. We may easily perceive by this, that Ju∣lius Caesar (that time he was Dictator) did affect to aspire to the dignity of a King; for which cause he was slain, forasmuch as the Citizens could not endure that he should exercise Royall authority over them: but well could they suffer him to use the power of a Dictator as a jurisdiction of lesse esteem. Leonard. Aretini Epistolar. Lib. 5.

There can be but one King, at one time, in a Realme, whose power must be absolute, for the better managing of the estate and affaires thereof; for if there be more, they will crosse and hinder each other in his government, and so destroy the nature of a King, in that neither of them can sway the whole weale-publick, but each of them should admit a participation in go∣vernment. This do both ancient and modern times manifest unto us by examples: for neither Numa, nor Hostilius, nor Ancus Martius, nor any o∣ther of succeeding Kings of the Romans, could endure any fellow or co∣partner in government, the like also may we observe in Kings of modern times; for neither doth England or France admit more than one King, at once to sway the Soveraign state, but one alone hath the sole government: So that it is a thing meerly repugnant to the naturall Royall Jurisdiction, that two persons at one time should exercise Kingly Authority.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, three Crowns in Pale,* 1.858 Sol. Be∣linus King of this our Britany, having conquered France, Almaine, all Italy, and the City of Rome, toge∣ther with all Greece, he returned into this land, and as∣sumed unto himself new Armes (as Ʋpton reporteth) Tres Coronas auratas in campo Azoreo, quia ipse fuerat terna vice in divesis Regnis coronatus,* 1.859 Three Crowns Or, in a Field, Azure, because he was three times Crowned King in sundry Kingdomes. But this kind of Crown is now held proper to such a King as oweth homage or fealty to some other King, as to his Superior Lord: In which re∣spect some have given it the name of a Crown Homager.

It is in your choice whether you will term the foresaid Crowns, Or, or

not; for it sufficeth onely to mention their Forme, because it is proper to them to be made of Gold. But when they are found to be borne in other kind of Metals or Colours, you should in Blazoning make mention whereof they are.

* 1.860

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Scepter Royall in Pale, insigned with an Eye, Sol. This is the second Ensign that is borne by the person himself that hath the exercise of Royall Jurisdiction and authority, This Coat-Armour is of divers Authors vouched to have been anciently borne by Orysius surnamed Jupiter, the just son of Cham, the cursed son of Noah. The Eye betokeneth Providence in government, Oculus enim est custos corpo∣ris; The Eye is the watchman of the body; and the Scepter signifieth Justice.

A Scepter (with many nations) is holden for an especiall ensigne of Roy∣all Jurisdiction, and authority, and the extending thereof a speciall note of the placability and Royall favour of the King. As we may see Hester 15.14. And he held up his golden Scepter, and laid it upon her Neck. That the Scepter betokeneth jurisdiction and authority, it is manifest by that which is written, Baruc. 6.13. One holdeth a Scepter, as if he were a Judge of the Coun∣try, yet can he not slay such as offend him: Which is here spoken of the vani∣ty of the Idols before mentioned in the same Chapter. Now shall you see in Babylon Gods of Silver and of Gold, and of wood, borne upon mens shoulders to cause them to fear.

* 1.861

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sol, a Mound, Saturne, environed with a circle, and insigned with a Crosse Avellane, Mars. Ba∣ra in his book intituled, Les Blazonnes des Armories, setteth down this for the Coat-Armour of one Chawlas. This kind of Crosse is called a Crosse Avellane,* 1.862 for the resemblance it hath of a Philbert Nut, which in La∣tine is called Avellana. This also is one of the Ensigns that representeth the Soveraign Majesty and Juris∣diction of a King. By the roundnesse of the Mound, and insigning thereof with the Crosse, is signified, that the Religion and Faith of Christ ought to be received, and religiously im∣braced throughout his Dominions, which high duty is residing in his own Soveraign power, and not to be derived from any forrain Spirituall Jurisdiction.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sol, a Cap of Maintenance, Mars, tur∣ned up, Ermine. A like Cap did Pope Julius the second send with a Sword to King Henry the eighth. And after him Pope Leo the Tenth gave him the Title, De∣fender of the Faith, for that he had then lately before written a Book against Martin Luther. The Bull by which this Title was given, is now printed by that worthy and famous Antiquary, Master Selden in his Titles of Honour, page 54, 55. of his last Edition. But howsoever the Cap may seem then and thereof to be first called a Cap of maintenance, yet certain it is, that the Kings of England did long before that time declare and professe themselves Defender of the Faith, as by divers of their Charters yet extant may easily appear, and for

an instance thereof, you may read in the Book of the Acts and Monuments that King Richard the second in his commission (which went forth in the sixth Year of his Reign) used these words, Nos zelo fidei Catholicae cujus sumus & esse volumus defensores in omnibus (ut tenemur) moti salubriter & inducti, &c. page 441.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Luna, a Mantle of Estate, Mars, dou∣bled, Ermine, Ouched, Sol, garnished with strings fa∣stened thereunto fretwayes, dependant, and Tasselled of the same. These Armes do pertain to the Town of Brecknock. The Mantle is a Robe of Estate peculiar to Emperours, Monarchs, Kings, and Free estates, and thereof perhaps received his name, as I here under∣stand the same in the strict construction thereof; but taken in the largest signification, it may represent as well those kinds of Mantles (that together with some Dignity or Jurisdiction) Emperours and Kings do communicate unto such as they advance to some Principality, Dukedome, &c.

Hitherto of Honorary Ensignes, that serve for a Declaration of the Royall Majesty or function of an Emperour or King: and are worne by the persons themselves, that do exercise Soveraign Jurisdiction over their Subjects within their Dominions. To which Ensigns I hold it not impertinent to adde these few Attires or Ornaments following, viz. Garters and Tassels, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, three Garters Buckled and Now∣ed, Argent. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the Fa∣mily of the Sydemers. The Garter here demonstrated, hath some resemblance to that which is the proper Ensign of the noble society of the Knights of the most honourable Order of the Garter, instituted by that Famous King Edward the third: every Knight of which Order is bound dayly to wear (except when he is booted for to ride) on his left leg a Blew Garter, richly decked with gold, and precious stones, with a Buckle of gold, having these words upon it, Honi soit qui maly pense: and when he is booted to ride, it sufficeth to weare upon the same leg under his boote, a Blew Riband of silk in signification of the Garter. Of this Hono∣rable Order, divers have already largely written, as worthy Sir William Se∣gar Garter Principall King of Armes, Learned Master Camden, sometimes Clarenceaux; and the before mentioned judicious Linguist Master Selden, with others, and for the hidden mysteries which seem to lurk under his Noble Ensigne of the Garter, and of every circumstance thereof, you may read the Book intituled Catechismus Ordinis Equitum Periscelidis, long finde compiled, but lately printed; wherein the Author among many other ob∣servations of this Order, and of this token or ensign written, that Sicut la larretiere (he meaneth, Periscelis seu fascia poplitaria) tenet densam caligam caligaque tensa format tibiam, & tibia hominem compositum reddit: ita justitia stringit tibiam, id est, conscientiam, quam ad instar tibiae Deus rectam creavit, page, 9, 10. And now I will shew you an example of three of these borne in Coat-armour dimidiated or divided into halves.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, the perclose of three Demy Garters Nowed, Azure, Garnished of the first. This was the Coat-armour of the Family of the Narboons, for I find that Richard Narboon Richmond, Herald, who lived in the time of Edward the sixth, and was afterward by the High and Mighty Prince Thomas Duke of Nor∣folke, Earle Marshall of England, in the beginning of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Crowned and Crea∣ted Ʋlster King of Armes of Ireland, bore this Coat-ar∣mour with a Martlet, Sable, in chief, for a difference of a fourth Brother, and John Narboon Richmond, Herald, who lived in the time of King Henry the eighth, bore the same Coat-armour also, with a diffe∣rence of a Mullet for a third Brother. Though this Garter be dimidiated or severed into two halves, yet doth the most permanent part thereof re∣main, which is that Buckled and Nowed part of the same, which detaineth and restraineth the Garter being entire, or howsoever dimidiated from dissolution, inasmuch as the Buckle and interlacing thereof, and of the pendant, are the chief stay and fastening thereof, whether the same be whole, dimidiated, or howsoever.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Tassels, Or, by the name of Wooler. The Mantle of Estate which even now I shewed you was Garnished (as you may remember) with strings Tasseled, which kind of Tasseling is an ad∣dition to divers other strings or cordons, as those used about the habit of the Prince of Wales at his creati∣on, and of a Knight of the Garter, when he hath the whole habit on, and to the Prelate of the Garter, and others.

Now of those other Honorary Ensigns that are born before an Emperour or King, or Persons that do exercise Soveraign Juris∣diction, as their Vicegerents holding place of Supream dignity under them, in signification of that their dignity which (for brevities sake) I will here onely name, leaving their examples to be hereafter observed. Such are the Sword of Estate, the Canopy of Estate, the Cap of maintenance, the Purse, wherein the great Seal is borne, the great Mace, &c. All which shall follow hereafter in place convenient.

SECT. IV. CHAP. II.

* 1.863HAving in the former Chapter discoursed of things Honorary, repre∣senting Estate or Dignity Temporall: Let us now consider of such Ornaments as bear a representation of Estate or Dignity Ecclesiasticall, according to the distribution thereof, of which sort are these ensuing examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a Papall Insula,* 1.864 Insigned with a Treble Crown and a Crosse Patee, Or, two Labels pendant, Argent. This kind of Insula or Miter, is worne by the Antichristian Prelate of Rome, to signifie the three-fold Jurisdiction that he doth arrogate to himself as Christs Vicar generall in Heaven, in Earth, and in his supposed Purgatory. Guido Duke of Ʋrbin in Italy, who was elected Knight of the most Honourable Order of the Garter,* 1.865 Anno 23. Henry 7. did beare this Coat quartered next to his own. As touching the installa∣tion of this Duke, Sir Gilbert Talbot Knight, Sir Richard Bere Abbat of Gla∣stenbury, and Doctor Robert Sherbourne Dean of Pauls, being sent Ambassa∣dours to Rome unto Pope Julius, did bear the Collar and Habit of this Order unto the Duke;* 1.866 who receiving the same, sent Balthazar Castalio, Knight (a Mantuan borne) to the King, which Balthazar was installed in his room according to the usuall Ordinance.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, three Clouds radiated, Proper, each a∣dorned with a triple Crown, Or, and is the Coat of the Right Worshipfull Company of the Drapers of London, not a little dignified by having Henry Fitz Alwin Knight, Noble by Birth, a Brother of their Company, who was the first Lord Mayor of this City, in which Dignity he continued twenty foure years and a half, he dyed 1212. aged 72.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Ermines, on a Chief, Gules, three Crowns, Or, with Caps thereunto of the first, and is the Coat of the Right Worshipfull Company of Skinners. This Company hath been highly enobled by six Kings, five Queens, one Prince, nine Dukes, two Earles, and one Lord, who have desired to be admitted into the Freedome of this worthy Society.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a Cardinals Hat,* 1.867 with strings pendant and platted in True love, the ends meeting in Base, ••ules, these are the Armes of Sclavonia a Regi∣on in the Sea Hadriaticum, and is commonly called W••ndeshmarke,* 1.868 Pope Innocentius the fourth, ordained that Cardinals should weare red Hats, whereby he would signifie, that those that entred into that Order ought to be prepared to expose themselves even to the shedding of their blood, and hazard of their lives (if need so required) in the defence of the Ecclesiasticall liberty. And this Institution was made (according to Chassa.) at the councel holden at Lyons, 1273. But they have ever since so far digressed from it, as that they have more justly deserved that censure of a learned man, thus:

Semiviros quicunque patres radiante Galero Conspicis, &c.* 1.869

Whoever makes our carnall Cardinals Weeds, Their Hat, and pandant Robe of purple staine; Beleeve me, 'tis no crimson juyce which breedes This sanguine hew, nor costly scarlet graine: But 'tis the guiltlesse blood of martyr'd Saints, Wherein their thirsty vestures they have dy'de; Or else 'tis blushing, which their Weedes depaints, As shaming at the shamelesse beasts they hide.

* 1.870

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Feld is Jupiter, a Staffe in Pale, Sol, and there∣upon a Crosse Patee, Luna, surmounted of a Pall of the last, charged by 4. other like Crosses Fitched, Saturne, edged and fringed as the second. This Coate belong∣eth to the Archiepiscopall See of Canturbury, which hath annexed with it the title of Primate and Metropo∣litan of all England;* 1.871 to whose high place it of right ap∣pertaineth to Crowne and Inaugurate the Soveraigne Monarkes of this Kingdome. This Ornament is cal∣led in Latine Pallium, Quia ex eo pleni••udo dignitatis Archiepiscopatus in gestante, palam fit omnibus. What a Pall is, Chassaneus sheweth in these words, Pallium est quoddam ornamentum admodum Stolae Sacerdotalis cum quibusdam crucibus nigris contextis, quod desertur super alia ornamenta, circundans pectus & humeros, admodum coronae dependens. In ancient time it was (through the intolerable pride and tyrannie of the Roman Bi∣shop) not lawfull for any to take upon him the title of an Arch-Bishop,* 1.872 be∣fore he had received from the Pope this Ornament which we call a Pall, and that was reckoned to be a manifest demonstration of the lawfulness and fulness of his Archiepiscopall Jurisdiction. Besides, he was to take a Corporal oath,* 1.873 to hold faith and obedience to the Church of Rome, at the receiving of this Pall. No man ought to lend his Pall to any other, but contrariwise the same to be buried with the possessor and owner.

* 1.874

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Miter with two Labels pendant, Argent, garnished, Or. This Coat standeth in S. Thomas Church in Nantwich, otherwise called Wich Mulbanke. Amongst the sundry ornaments ordained for the illu∣stration of the Bishops dignity, Polydore Virgil recko∣neth the Miter for one, and affirmeth the same to have been received from the Hebrewes. And as touching the forked shape thereof,* 1.875 he writeth in this manner, Adduntur bina cornua, quoniam Moses acceptis tabulis, qui∣bus Mandata Dei inscripta erant, visus est suis cornu••us.

* 1.876

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, on a Lyon Rampand, Argent, a Bi∣shops Croysier in Bend sinister, Or, borne by Odo Bishop of Bayon, halfe brother to William Conqueror, by whom he was created Earle of Kent. This Staffe (accor∣ding to Polydore Virgil) was given to Bishops to cha∣stise the vices of the people: and it is called Baculus pa∣storalis, as given to them in respect of their Pastorall Charge, and superintendency over their flock, as well for feeding them with wholesome Doctrine, and for defending them from the violent incursions of the Wo f, wherein they do imitate the good and watchfull Shepherd, of whose

Crook this Croysier hath a resemblance. Besides these Ornaments, the same Author speaketh of a Ring given to a Bishop, in signification of the conjun∣ction or marriage of Christ with his Church, whereof the Ring is a pledge: and of his Gloves, that betokened cleannesse of hands, free from all conta∣gious corruption: and lastly, his Sandals, that betokened his industrious vigilancy over his Flock: all which are said to have been instituted by the Decrees of Pope Clement.

In Blazon here you shall not say, debruised or oppressed, both in respect the Croysier extendeth not to the extremities of the Escocheon, as also in respect of the slender substance thereof, whereby it may be intended, the Lyon may easily free himself thereof, if it were extended throughout to the Corners of the Escocheon. Howsoever most true it is, that those who are advanced to the calling represented by the Croysier, ought to be like Lyons, both for courage and vigilancy, in execution of that great authority and jurisdiction, wherewith Christ and his Church have honoured them, for the repressing of obstinate offenders, and preservation of the Churches Peace and Discipline.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Vert, between six crosse croslets fitched, Gules, three Croysiers, Or, by the name of Weare, of Weare Gifford in Com. Devon. And is quartered by Fortescue of Filley. This Coat standeth in a care Church in com. predict.

To this head must be referred all other Ornaments properly pertaining to persons of Ecclesiasticall Dig∣nity or Function. But this is sufficient in this place to shew their use in Coat-Armour.

SECT. IV. CHAP. III.

OF things Artificiall, borne or worne by Persons in Dignity,* 1.877 and re∣presented in Coat-Armours, we have spoken in the two Chapters preceding: In this shall be delivered examples of such Ornaments, or repre∣sentations of Dignity, as are borne before Persons of such Majesty or Digni∣ty, for the more honour of their place and calling.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Sword of Estate in Pale, the point erected, Ruby, Hil••ed and Pomelled, Topaz, the Scabberd enriched with stones of divers kinds, set in Goldsmiths work, Proper.* 1.878 The manner of bearing this Sword varieth according to the severall Estates and Dignities of the persons for whom they are borne. But the same is not borne before the Head-Officers of Burroughs and other Towns Corporate (saith Leigh) comparable to the Orderly bearing thereof within his Majesties Chamber of London, by reason of the want of judgment therein. It is therefore to be observed, that when the Sword is borne before our Soveraign Lord the Kings most excellent Majesty, the Bea∣rer thereof must carry the point thereof direct upright,* 1.879 the blade opposite and near to the middle part of the forehead. And as to the forme of bea∣ring the Sword before inferiour Estates, as a Duke, Marquesse, Earle, &c. I refer the Reader to the Accidence of Armory.

* 1.880

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Mace of Majesty in Bend, Sol. I call this a Mace of Majesty, to distinguish the same from the Mace borne by a common Sergeant, not one∣ly in form, but also in use; forasmuch as this is borne in all solemn assemblies before his Majesty, as also be∣fore his Highnesse Vice-Royes. In like manner the same is borne before the Lords Chancellour, Keeper, and Trea∣surer of England, and the Lords President of Wales, and of the North parts, and the Speaker of the Parliament-House in time of Parliament.

The Bearer hereof is called a Sergeant at Armes: whose office is to attend the Estates and persons aforesaid, for the execution of their commands, for the Arrests of Traitors, the Remove of forcible Entries, and the Apprehension of Malefactors. A man that is under the Arrest of a Sergeant at Armes, is pro∣tected all that time from all other Arrests.

* 1.881

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Purse open, the long strings thereof pendant, Fretted, Nowed, Buttoned, and Tassel∣led, Mars, all hatched, Topaz, embroidered all over with the Soveraign Ensigns of his Majesty, ensigned with a Crown Triumphant, and supported of a Lyon Gardant, and an Ʋnicorne, underneath the same an Es∣crole. This Purse is borne before the Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper, as the peculiar Ensign of his High Magistracy,* 1.882 whose Office is to mitigate the rigour of the common Lawes of the R alme, according to the Rule of Equity, and by apposition of his Majesties great Seal, to ratifie and confirme the Gifts and Grants of Dignities, Offices, Franchises, Priviledges, and Immunities, Estates in Fee, for tearm of life, or for years, granted by his Majesty: as also to correct: and reform whatsoever seemeth to him (in any of those Grants) either prejudiciall to his Majesty, his Royall Dignity, Ho∣n ur, or Profit, before he do confirm the same under the Great Seal. He is (according to Chassaneus) the Kings Vicar,* 1.883 for that (in his Majesties stead) he ordaineth Provinciall Governours, nominateth Judges without election by V••ices, and appointeth other officers of inferiour place and service. He hath his name 'a cancellando, of cancelling things amisse, and rectifying of them by the rules of Equity and a good conscience. Of whose dignity Policratus hath this Tetrast••ib.

Hic est qui Leges Regni cancellat iniquas, Et mandata pii Principis aequa facit. Siquid obest populis aut legibus est inimicum, Quicquid obest, per ••um desinit esse nocens.

* 1.884Of Ornaments representing dignity borne before Ecclesiasticall persons, the chiefest are the Crosse before exemplified, and the Vierge, which is borne before them in Cathedrall Churches, within their severall Jurisdictions, which I leave to each mans own Observation.

SECT. IV. CHAP. IV.

* 1.885TO these Honorary Ensigns, as well Temporall as Ecclesiasticall worne by the persons dignified, and borne before them in token of honour, it

shall no infringe our order, if I adde such honourable donations and Badges of dignity, as have in former Ages been bestowed by Emperours, Kings, Prin∣ces, and States upon their Favourites, and upon such others as they esteemed worthy, in respect of their merits, to possesse some pledges of their favour, as testimonies of their own worth, in which number are Rings, Chains, Collars, Chaplets, and such like. That these in former Ages were bestowed upon persons advanced to honour, appeareth by many evident testimo∣nies, both of sacred and prophane Historie. Pharaoh minding to advance Joseph (for that he found by experience that God had bestowed upon him gifts worthy to be highly honoured) put upon his Finger a Ring, and about his Neck a Chain of Gold; Detrahens Pharaoh (saith Moses) annulum suum è manu sua, induit illum in manum Josephi, jussitque illum induere vestes xylinas, & apposuit torquem au••eum collo ejus, &c. And as touching Collars of Gold,* 1.886 they were bestowed for Rewards upon such as were of the Bloud Royall of Kings, or such as were near of Alliance unto them; as appeareth in the first Book of Maccabees: Fuitque ut audivit Alexander Rex sermones istos, ut ampliore honore Jonathanem afficeret, mittens ei auream fibulam, ut mos est dari cognatis Regum, &c. Of these last mentioned Ornaments, Rings are most usually borne in Coat-Armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Gem Rings,* 1.887 Or, enriched with Turkesses, Proper. The Romans having lost three great Battels to Hannibal, one at Ticinum, ano∣ther at Trebeia, and the third at Thrasimene, Mago his brother went to Carthage to make report of his happy Victories to his Country-men there: and for approbation thereof, he powred forth before the Se∣nate (as some report) above a Bushell full, and as o∣thers write, above three Bushels and a half full of Rings,* 1.888 which had been taken from the Roman Knights. And though custome and time hath made the Ring a common orna∣ment for every Mechanick hand, yet of right none should use them but such as either Bloud, Wars, Learning, or Office and Dignity had made capable thereof.

The Lacedemonians waging battell against the Messeni, a people of Pe∣loponnesus in Greece, to the end their people that deceased in the Wars, should have funerall rights, and not be exposed (unburied) to all casual∣ties they had certain Rings about their Armes, wherein their names were engraven.

When Gideon purposed to make an Ephod to signifie his thankfulnesse unto God for his victories against the Midianites, he required of the Isra∣elites, that every man would give him the eare-Ring of his prey, whereto they willingly consented; the value whereof amounted to the weight of one thousand and seven hundred shekels of Gold, besides Collars & Jew∣els, and purple raiment that was on the Kings of Midian. And besides the chains that were about the Camels necks, Judges 8.24, &c..

The Ring is a Type or representation of fidelity, as appeareth in the sa∣cred writs of the Aegyptians, for the ancients did not weare Rings on their fingers, so much for ornament or ostentation, as for use of Sealing, in re∣gard that the Seale gave a better approbation than the writing did, con∣cerning the validity and verity of the charter: therefore in after-ages men used to fortifie their last Wils and Testaments with seven Manuall Seales, or

Rings Manuall of witnesses called thereto, to signifie the verity, and vali∣dity thereof. Hereof came that saying of Cicero, ad Quintum fratrem, An∣nulus tuus non minister alienae voluntatis, sed testis tuae.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Bend, Gules, Cottized, Ar∣gent, a Rose, between two Annulets of the Field. This is the Coat of the Right Honourable Edward Conway, Baron of Ragley in Warwick-shire, Viscount Conway of Conway Castle in Carnarvanshire, and of Kilultagh in Ireland, son of Edward Viscount Conway, son of another Edward Viscount Conway.

* 1.889

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, six Annulets, three, two and one, Or, by the name of Vypount. This Coat is quartered by the right honourable the Earle of Cumberland. These are called Annulets, in respect of their small quantity, wherein they differ from the bigger sort, and do thereupon receive the name of diminution, and are supposed to be the Rings of Maile, which (ac∣cording to Leigh) was an Armour of Desence long be∣fore the hard temper of Steele,* 1.890 and was devised by Missius Massinus, and then called an Habergion, for the nimblenesse thereof: some others take these to be diminutives of the for∣mer Rings. And so from Examples of Artificials representing Dignities, I proceed to Artificials annexed to Professions or Arts of all sorts.

SECT. IV. CHAP. V.

WE now come to Coat-armours betokening or borrowed from the Arts Liberall: which (according to Joh. de Tur. Cremat.) are so de∣nominated for three respects: First, Quia liberam mentem requirunt, to put a difference between them, and those Mechanicall Sciences, wherein Arti∣ficers do more exercise their limbs, than their minds. Secondly, they are called liberall in regard they are attained without any impeachment of credit, or cawterize of conscience. Thirdly, for that in times past, only the Children of noble and free born persons were admitted to be instructed and trained up in them. Patricius saith, that Arts Liberall are so termed, Quia liberos homines efficiunt ab omni turpi & sordido questu, &c. Because they make men to be of liberall and ingenious minds, free from base and sordid covetousnesse and sensuall delights, ennobling them with true wisdome (the most noble endowment of mankind) whereby men are as it were linkt un∣to God, and made most like unto him.

And this especially is effected, by that high and Heavenly Art, Theology, a Science not invented by man, but proceeding from the Eternall wisdome of the Almighty, whereunto all other Arts are but Handmaids, in which respect the Professors thereof are by right, and also by common assent of best approved Heralds, to have the precedency of all worldly professions whatsoever, and this Celestiall Science tending to the eternall happinesse of the Soul, is accompanied with two other Faculties of great esteem (though

inferior to the former) which are, Physick, and Law; the one respecting the good of our Body (and therefore worthily to have the next place af∣ter our Souls) the other tending to our outward estates of fortune, which are not to be neglected of the wisest. And these three we call the Cardinall Sciences, because of their great necessity and noble use above the other seven Liberall Sciences.

Man naturally desireth knowledge, but is not able to attain the per∣fection thereof, no, though he be well read in Naturall Histories, in Chro∣nography and Morall Discipline, as may be seen Eccl. 1.13. And I gave my heart to seek, and search out by wisdome, concerning all things that are done un∣der the Heavens: this sore travell hath God given to the son of man, to be exerci∣sed therewith, and all is but vexation of the spirit. For in much wisdome is much grief, and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow, Verse 18. And further, by these, my son, be admonished, of making many bookes there is no end, and much study is a wearinesse of the flesh. Whereby we are given to understand, that wisdome and knowledge are not gotten without great travell of bo∣dy and mind, and when a man hath attained to the highest pitch, yet is his mind never fully satisfied, wherefore we must depend onely upon God, and acknowledge that there is no true felicity in this life. One ex∣ample I will give you which shall comprehend all the Liberall Sciences, joyntly, which is this next following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, a Book expansed in Fesse,* 1.891 Luna, garnished, having 7 labels with Seals, Sol, and this in∣scription, Sapientia & Felicitate, Saturne, between three Crowns of the third. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the Famous Ʋniversity of Oxford; the bearing whereof appeareth to be very ancient, by that which is ingraven on the top of Saint Samsons Church in Grekelade, in Glocester-shire, where that University in the old Britains time (as is thought) was first planted. The Book it self some have thought to signifie that Book mentioned in the Apocalyps, having seven Seals; but these here are ta∣ken rather to be the seven Liberal Sciences, and the Crowns to be the re∣ward and honour of Learning and Wisdome; and the Triplicity of the Crowns are taken to represent the three Cardinal Professions or Faculties before specified. The Inscription I find to vary according to variety of times: some having Sapientia & Felicitate; Wisdome and Happinesse: others (and that very ancient) Deus illuminatio mea, The Lord is my light: others this, Veri∣tas liberat, bonitas regnat; Tru h frees us, Godlinesse Crowneth us: and others thus, In principio, &c. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God. This one Escocheon may serve for a pattern of all the other Sciences, yet of some of the rest I will give instance.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, ten Billets, foure, three, two and one, Or, by the name of Cawdrey of Bark-shire. This Billet in Armory is taken for a paper folded up in forme of a Letter, for so I understand by the Author of that French Manuscript which I have so often cited in this Edition, where he writeth of Billets and Bil∣l••ttee, I will presently in my Lord chief Justice Heaths Coat-Armour, shew you the very words; in the mean time I for the easier understanding of that

place of the Manuscript, will observe out of Leigh, page 159. the difference between Billets and Billette, which is this: if the number of the Billets borne in one Escocheon be ten or under, then you must in Blazon of such a Coat-Armour say, he beareth such or such a metal or colour, and so many Billets; as in this present Coat-Armour of Cowdrey I have done, but if the number of the Billets, exceed ten, then you may tell the colour or metal of the Field, and then say Billette, as in this next example is more plainly demonstra∣ted.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Billette, Sable, by the name of Belvale. Now I will shew you one other Escocheon of this kind, with the addition of a charge thereunto of another sort: but first give me leave to tell you that this Billette is by some French Heralds Blazoned, Billets sans nombre.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, ten Billets, Or, a Border en∣grailed, Argent, Torteux, and Heurty, this is the Coat of Edward Salter of Rich-Kings in the County of Buckingham, Esquire, Son and Heir of Sir Willi∣am Salter Knight, Cup-bearer to the Queen, son and heir of Sir Edward Salter Knight, Carver in ordinary to King Charles, and Master of the Chancery.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearl, Billette, Ruby, a Cross engrailed, of the second. This is the Paternall Coat-armour of that worthy Judge Sir Robert Heath, Knight, Lord chief Justice of his Majesties Court of common Pleas. And now according to my promise I will shew you out of the late mentioned ancient French Manu∣script, the very words of that Author, concerning the bearing of Billets and Billette in Armory, and their difference and signification;* 1.892 Billettes cu Billette sont ung peu plus lyngues, quea 1.893 carres & sont une mesme chose si non pour difference de nom, les Billes ou Billets se numbernt; & le Billet∣te est sans nombre; and a little after, Et est Billet senefiance de lettres closes qui sont communement plus longues que lers (I think he means larges) & en plu∣surs pais appelles billes, parles quelles len adiouste foy credence & connoissance servantes a corps dome, & senefie que celvi que premier les porta en armes estoit home hault & bien trenchie de membres, a qui lun adionstoit foy creance & con∣noissance en ses parolles, & en sesb 1.894 fais & segret en ses affaires. The Curious Frenchmen I know will much blame the orthography, but I in this as else∣where in the like case, have with all the care I could, followed the very letter of the Author, punctually; although I know well that since the time that this Author wrote, the French have much varied their Orthogra∣phical•• form of writing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Pens,* 1.895 Argent, by the name of Cowpen. This hath affinity with the Art of Grammar, and is therefore here placed. The wis∣dome of a Learned man, cometh by using well his vacant time: and he that ceaseth not from his own matters and labour, may come by wisdome: Eccles. 38.34. In ancient ages, before the invention of Print∣ing, the onely means of preserving good Arts (with∣out which the World had been over-whelmed in Bar∣barisme) was by this silly instrument, The Pen; where∣by greater matters in the World have been atchieved,* 1.896 than ever could be by Sword or great Cannon: and a great Monarch said, that he more feared one blot or dash of a learned Pen, which might wound his fame amongst all Po∣sterity, than the Armies of his most powerfull enemies.

It is a custom with many men that are slow or dull of apprehension, when they set themselves to write of any serious matter, long to deliberate with themselves, how they may best contrive the same, and during all the time of their meditation, to gnaw or bite their Pen, whereupon it seem∣eth the Proverb grew, Demandere Calamum, which may be applyed to them that bestow much time, and take great pains to accomplish that they undertake. Whom shall he teach knowledge, and whom shall he make to under∣stand the things that he heareth? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts, Isaiah 28.9. For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept, line upon line, line upon line, here a little, and there a little, verse 10.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, a Penner and Inkhorne in Fesse,* 1.897 Gules, stringed, Azure. These are the badges whereby Novices and practitiones in Learning are known, and by means whereof many men by long practise and industrious travell do attain to sundry places of Emi∣nency in the Weale-publick, to the great benefit of themselves, and good of their Country, and oftentimes do merit to be highly rewarded by the Soveraign; than which there cannot be a greater Spurre to good endeavours,* 1.898 or more beneficiall for the universall good, for that it returneth with plentifull interest: As a certain Author noteth; saying, Professoribus atque veris bonarum Artium studiosis quicquid tribuitur, &c. Whatsoever is bestowed upon Professors of Arts, and those that are truely studious, that returneth an hundred fold benefit to the Common-wealth; whilst every man performeth the function whereunto he is called: either by preaching the Word of God, or by forming some politick course of government, or by curing of the diseased. Whereas on the contrary part, that which is bestowed upon Counterfeit Professors, Idle Masse-mongers, and Monks, doth turn wholly to common destruction of the generall good. Rightly therefore did Frederick the Emperour bestow double priviledge upon such as imployed their time and travell in the practice of good Arts.* 1.899

* 1.900

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Text Tees, Sable, by the name of Toste. Letters have not had originally any one prescript form of Character, but have in all Ages and Countries varied their form according to the conceit of their first deviser. As Be∣kenhawb noteth, saying, Literae sunt quaedam elementa figuram ad voluntatem instituentis factae, ad notifican∣dum vota hominum absentium, vel tacentium instituta; Letters were instituted to make known the thoughts of men absent or silent.

The comfortable letter amongst those of ancient time was A; which signified absolution or pardon: contrariwise the sad and wofull letter was C; which betokened condemnation or death, the Text letters are ordained for perspicuity that they may easily be discerned afar off. In such was that vision written that was commanded to Habak. to be put in writing, that it might be legible even to h••m that beheld the same running. And the Lord answered me and said, Write the vision, and make it plain upon Tables, that he may run that readeth it, Habak. 2.2.

* 1.901

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Text Esses, Or, by the name of Kekit-More Commendable was the invention of Artemidorus the Phi••osopher, who read Philosophy to Octavian Augustus. For when he saw him easily incli∣ned to anger (to the end he should do nothing rigo∣rously, whereof he should afterwards repent) he did admonish him to rehearse the twenty four Greek Letters, that so his momentany passion (which ac∣cording to Horace is a fury for the time) might by some like intermission of time be delivered, and so vanish away. This letter S as it hath the forme of a Serpent, so doth it resemble their sound and hissing. So much for Grammaticall Esco∣cheons.

* 1.902Of demonstrable examples of Instruments pertaining to the Arts Libe∣rall, the number is not great, unlesse it be of such as do peculiarly per∣tain to the Art of Musick. As touching the rest, either they have no ma∣teriall Instruments at all, for that their attaining and exercise are altoge∣ther in Discipline and Instructions by speech onely, as Grammar, Logick, Rhetorick, &c. Or if they have instruments, they are such as are common with them to other professions, as the Rule and Compasse, &c. whereof the Carpenter and Mason have use as well as the Geometrician. As for Globes, Spheares, Quadrants, and other Astronomicall Instruments, I find them not usuall in Coat-armour, wherefore I let them passe. The Musicall Instruments are of three sorts, whereof some are wind-Instruments, as are the Organs, Shagbuts, Howboyes, Cornets, Flutes, &c.* 1.903 The second sort consisteth in strings, and in the skilfull fingring of them as are Harps, Viols, Rebecks, Virginals, Clari cords, Bandore, Alpharion, Citterne, &c. The third sort consisteth in striking, as the Taber, Timbrell, ordinary Drums, and Kettle Drums, and such others, whereof in another place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, two Organ Pipes in Saltire,* 1.904 between four Crosses Patee, Pearl. This Coat-armour pertained sometimes to the Lord Williams of Tame. As touching the first finding out of Musicall Instru∣ments, it is clear that Jubal the son of Lamech did de∣vise them, as appeareth, Genes. 4. where it is said, Nomen autem fratris ejus Jubal, is fuit author omnium tractantium Cithram & Organov.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Howboies between as ma∣ny crosse Croslets,* 1.905 Or, by the name of Bourden. Albeit the Harpe or Organs are onely named to be the inven∣tion of Jubal, yet we must by them understand him to have been the first deviser of all other Musicall In∣struments. For so doth Tremel••ius observe in his Anno∣tations upon that place before alleadged, saying, His nominibus Synecd chice comprehendit omnia Instrumenta Musica quae digitis ventoque moventur. Of some wind Instruments, as the Fife and Trumpet, we shall speak a∣mong Military Instruments.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, on a Canton,* 1.906 Sable, a Harpe, Ar∣gent, by the name of Fraunces. By the Harpe (saith Pierius) men used in old time to signifie a man of stayed and of a well composed and tempered judg∣ment, because therein are conjoyned divers distinct sounds in note or accent of accord. Which office man seemeth to performe when he doth moderate and reconcile his discording and repugnant affections unto reason:* 1.907 and therefore this Instrument was wor∣thily approved in praying, and praysing of God, and used by the godly King David in his most devout Meditations.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Treble Violents, transposed,* 1.908 Argent, stringed, Sable, by the name of Sweeting. Dio∣genes (who for his taunting and crabbed Quips, did merit the surname of Cynicus) not without cause used to taxe Musicians in this, that they could skilfully tune and accord the strings of their Instruments, but had the affections of their mind disproportionable and far out of frame. Under these will I comprehend all other sorts of stringed Instruments whatsoever. And now I will proceed to Astronomicall examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, on a Bend Sinister, Argent, three of the celestial Signes, viz. Sagittarius, Scorpio, and Libra,* 1.909 of the first. This Coat is said to appertain to the King of Spain, in respect that he found out an unknown climate under which his Indians have their habitation. But in such conquests, it were to be wished that as well Justice Ballance, as Sagittarius his Arrow, or the Scorpions sting were put in pra∣ctise.

* 1.910

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, on a Bend, Azure, three of the Celestiall Signes, viz. Gemini, Taurus, and Aries; Or. This (like as the other last precedent) contai∣neth a fourth part of the Zodiacke, and hath no ow∣ner that may chalenge any property in him, but is formed by imitation of the former, and may (doubt∣lesse) be aswell borne as that, Quia ab esse ad posse bo∣num deducitur argumentum, From that which is, to that which may be, we may well frame a good Ar∣gument: It is borne, therefore it may be borne; but of the contrary you cannot say, it may be, therefore it is. This is another quarter of the Celestiall Zodiacke.

SECT. IV. CHAP. VI.

* 1.911THough great be the difference of dignity and esteeme betwixt the Noble and Liberall Professions (before intreated of) and those other which we call Mechanicall and Illiberall, because those are the objects of divine spirits and understanding mindes, whereas these are for the most part but the imployments of an industrious hand; yet in these also, as there is great use for the necessity of mans life, so is there much reputation for the exquisite varieties of invention. And albeit they are called Illiberal, Quia libere exerceri non possunt, sine corporis viribus, because they cannot be freely practised without bodily labour; yet in another respect they may be more truely called Liberal, than the Liberal Sciences themselves, for that commonly they bestow more wealth on their professors, whiles, as Virtus, so Scientia laudatur & alget. In the first rancke of these Illiberals, reason exacts, that Agriculture should have precedence, it being the chiefe Nource of mans life, and hath in the times of the ancient Romans, been estee∣med an estate not unbefitting their greatest Dictators and Princes: and it was devised and put in practise soon after the Creation, as appeareth in the Text, where it is sayd, Habel Pastor Gregis, K••iin verò Agricola;* 1.912 for here we understand not onely Tillage, but also Pastorage, Vintage, and all kinde of increase of Beasts, or fruits for food; under this name of Husbandry.

After the Deluge God made a covenant with Noah, that from thenceforth he would never destroy mankind by water, as hath beene before touched: but that his first ordinance concerning the fourefold seasons of the yeare should remaine inviolable unto the worlds end; In assurance of this same infallible promise of God we do fit our actions according to the severall seasons; As our Plowing, Seeding, Mucking, and Dunging of our land, in planting, pruning, and such like.

That Tillage and Husbandry was the first of all the Mechanicall Trades (as we now call them) it is manifest Gen. 2.15. Then the Lord God took the man, and put him into the Garden of Eden, that he might dresse it, and keepe it, Wherein, (saith Zanch.) God would moderate the pleasure and delight that he had given to Adam, in some kind of Trade or course of life, and honest exercise. Whereof Tillage is of all other the most ancient and com∣mendable, inasmuch as it was instituted in Paradice, and that in the time of mans innocency before he had transgressed.

There is a great difference between the Husbandry that man was initia∣ted unto before his fall, and after; For after his transgression it was perfor∣med with much labor, pain and sweat, and to supply necessity, such as is the Husbandry now used: for Husbandmen be forced to till the ground, if they will have wherewith to sustain life; Therefore God said, Maledicta terra propter te, &c. Cursed be the Earth for thy sake; In sudore vultus comedes, &c. In the sweat of thy browes shalt thou eat of it all the dayes of thy life, Gen. 3.17. Thornes also and Thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herbe of the field, verse 18. Before Adams fall he was injoyned to till the ground onely to prevent Idlenesse; such as is the Husbandry that Noble∣men are delighted withall, and do performe the same with great content∣ment.

There is a kind of Tillage much differing from this, whereof Petrarch saith, Ager est animus, cultus intentio, semen cura, messis labor, hunc si colas di∣ligenter uberrimum fructum capies: The mind is the field, intention the Tillage, care the seed, labour the harvest, if thou Husband the field diligently, thou shalt receive a plentifull harvest.

Sometime ease and quietnesse becometh restlesse and troublesome, therefore ought we evermore to be in action and exercised in some good Arts or Studies, as often as we find our selves ill affected with sloth and idlenesse which cannot abide it self. Many are the Instruments pertaining to Husbandry, I will make choyce of some of the chiefest, and of most fre∣quent use in Coat-Armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Plough in Fesse,* 1.913 Argent, by the name of Kroge. It was the manner in ancient time, when a City was to be built, to limit out the circuit thereof, by drawing of a furrow with a Plough, as Alex. ab Alex. noteth. So was it in use also, when they intended the final destruction of a City, to plow it up,* 1.914 and to sow salt therein: as we read, that Abimelech having taken the City of Sichem, put the people to the Sword that were therein, destroyed the City, and sowed salt therein; which was done (as Tremellius noteth) in token of perpetuall detestation thereof: but that kind of cir∣cuiting their Cities, was an ominous token of succeeding abundance, and fertility of all things which the Citizens should stand in need of.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine,* 1.915 three Harrowes conjoyned in the Nombrill of the Escocheon, with a wreath, Argent, and as the second, Toothed, Or, by the name of Har∣row, This is an Instrument of Husbandry, ordained for the breaking of Clods, after the Husbandman hath plowed and seeded his land, for the better preparing of the Corn to take root, and preservation thereof from the Fowles. Moreover, it hath been used some∣time by Conquerors, to torture and torment their ene∣mies withall, and to put them to death. So we read, that David did execute the Ammonites his enemies, where it is said, Popu∣lum vero qui in ea erat eductum dissecuit serra, & tribulis ferreis, & securibus; & sic fecit David omnibus Civitatibus Ammonitarum.

* 1.916

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Scithes in Pale, Barre, Ar∣gent, by the name of Kempley. The condition of this kind of men is well set down, Eccl. 38.25 How can he get wisdome, that holdeth the Plow, and he that hath pleasure in the goad, and in driving Oxen, and is occupied in their labours, and talketh but of the breed of Tullocks?

He giveth his mind to make Furrowes, and is diligent to give the Kine fother.

* 1.917

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gales, three Wheeles, Or. This was the Coat-armour of Sir Payne Roet Knight, who had a daughter marryed to the famous English Poet Sir Gef∣ferey Chaucer, I find in Roman Historie, of a Husband-man who was accused before the Magistrate for be∣ing an Inchanter, for that his grounds were fertill, when others were barren: a day being appointed, he promised to bring forth his Inchantments, and then brought forth his Plowes, Carts, Oxen, &c. say∣ing, Haec mea incantamenta, These are my conjurings: meaning that his industrious care made his grounds fertill, which others neglecting, found the punishment of their Idlenesse.

Wheeles are the Instruments whereby Chariots, Wagons, and such like things are carryed both speedily and with great facility: and they are so behoovefull for these uses, as that if any one of them happen to fall off, the whole carriage must either stand still, or at least is forced forward with great difficulty. As we may see, Exod. 14. where God took off the Wheeles of the Chariots of the Aegyptians, that vehemently prosecuted the Israelites, as appeareth, verse 25. And he took off their Chariot Wheeles, and they drove them with much adoe, so that the Aegyptians said, I will flye from the face of Israel, for the Lord fighteth for them against the Aegyptians.

The Wheele is called in Latin Rota, à rotunditate, or else (as some hold) a ruendo quia in declive faciliter ••uit, because it rowleth down suddenly from the steep declining part of the ground.

Other sorts of Wheeles there are, which albeit they are not meet for Husbandry, yet I have held it fit to annex them to these, in respect of their near resemblance, as in these examples may be seen.

* 1.918

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Katha∣rine Wheeles, Argent, by the name of Rudhall. In the primitive age of the Church, even children and young Virgins, for the profession of their faith, did con∣stantly endure most terrible deaths, as did S. Katha∣rine by this kind of Wheele, wherewith all her tender lims were bruised and rent in peeces. Now men will scarce be true Christians, when they may be such, not onely without punishment, but both with qui∣etnesse and commendation also.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Crosse, Gules, in the first Quarter, a Katharine Wheele of the second,* 1.919 which was sometimes borne by Robert de Stone.

Under this Head may we aptly bestow all other Instruments pertaining either to Husbandry, or to the severall Trades of Shepheards, Vinedressers, Bakers, Brewers, Vintners, &c. for that these are all grounded upon Agriculture or Husbandry.

SECT. IV. CHAP. VII.

AGriculture is for meer necessity; clothing is partly for it, and partly for ornament and decency: but had not Man sinned, he had not needed clothing: which were worth the considering by those who are so proud of their apparell.

As touching such Arts or Trades, that we call Handycraft or Mechanicall professions, so called, perhaps of Moecha which signifieth an Harlot or an Adulterous person, for that as an Harlot covnterfeiteth the modest beha∣viour of a modest Matrone, so do Mechanicall Artizans labour to re∣semble the works of Nature, In quantum possunt: These are not perfor∣med so much by wit and invention (like as the Arts Liberall are) as they be by exercise of the Limbs, and labour of the body. And hereof they are thought to be called Arts, ab artubus, which properly do signifie the muscles, sinewes, or other ligaments of the Body; but metaphorically it is often taken for the limbs themselves that are so combined and con∣nected together.

How meanly soever we reckon of these in a Relative comparison to the Arts Liberall, neverthelesse it is clear that these (no lesse than those) do proceed from the immediate gift of God, as doth plainly appear by B••za∣leel and Aholiab, Exod. 35.3) and are no lesse behovefull and necessary for mans use, and for the support of humane traffick and society; as we may see Ecclesiast. 38.31. Where after he had made mention of the care and diligence the Carpenter, Porter and Smith, and other men of Trade do use in their severall professions, he concludeth thus, All these trust their hands, and every one bestoweth his wisdome in his worke. Without these cannot the Citties be maintained nor inhabited; hereby we see the necessity of these Artificiall or Mechanicall Trades, or professions.

With little reason may any man contemn the Tokens of Instruments, pertaining to Mechanicall Trades or professions, sithence they are express notes of Trades, so very behoovefull for the use of mans life, and their exquisite skil, and knowledge issued out of the plentiful Fountain of Gods abundant Spirit.

In things Artificiall, that manner of translation is reckoned the more worthy from which it is extracted, than that whereunto it is transferred, acording to that saying, Transmutatio in rebus Artificialibus famosius dicitur esse de genere ejus ex quo, quàm ad quod.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Sable, a Cheuron between three Tuns, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of the Worshipfull Com∣pany of Vintners.

* 1.920

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Wooll-Cards, Or, by the name of Cardington. Marcus Varro maketh mention, that within the Chappell of Fortune was kept the very Royall Robe or Mantle of Estate, that Tanaquil the wife of Tarqui••ius Priscus made with her own hands after the manner of Water-Chamlet in wave-work, which Servius Tullius used to weare.

* 1.921

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Fusiles upon Slippers, Gules, by the name of Hobby. These are called Fusiles of the Latine word Fucus, which signifieth a Spindle of Yarne, Marcus Varro reporteth, that in the Temple of Sangus, there continued even till the time that he wrote his Book, the Wooll that the Lady C••ia Cecilia did spin, together with her Distaff and Spindle. As for the Antiquity and necessary use of spinning, we have an undoubted president in the 35. of Exodus, 25, 26. Where it is said, And all the Women that were wise-hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blew and of purple, and of skarlet and fine linnen: And all the Women whose hearts stirred them up in wisdome, spun Goats haire.

* 1.922

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Fusiles upon Slippers trans∣posed, the points downward, Argent. This Coat is quartered by Knowell of Sandford. Closter the son of Arachne, taught first the making of the Spindle for woollen yarne. It was (saith Pliny) a fashion and custome at Rome, that when Maids were to be wed∣ded, there attended upon them one with a Distaffe dressed and trimmed with kembed Wooll, as also a Spindle and Yarne upon it, to put them in mind, that Huswivery and Wivery were to go together. Fusiles (saith Leigh) are never pierced or voided, but are diversely borne, in re∣spect of their locall position or mutation: and the Frenchmen (saith he) take them for Spindles, we take them for Weavers Shuttles, and the Dutch for Mill pecks.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Wharrow Spindles,* 1.923 Sable, by the name of Trefues. This Spindle differeth much from those precedent, in re∣spect of the crook above, and of the Warrow imposed upon the lower part thereof. This sort of Spindle women do use most commonly to spin withall, not at the Turne as the former, but at a Distaffe put under their girdle, so as they oftentimes spin therewith going. The round Ball at the lower end serveth to the fast twisting of the threed, and is called a Whar∣row: and therefore this is called a Wharrow Spindle, where the other are called Slippers, that passe thorough the Yarne as this doth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, between two Habicks in chief, and a Tessell in base, proper. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Company of the Cloath-workers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Weavers Shuttles,* 1.924 Sable, tipped and furnished with Quils of Yarne, the threeds pendant, Or, by the name of Shuttleworth. Weaving was the invention of the Aegyptians, and Arachne was the first Spinner of Flax threed, the Wea∣ver of Linnen and knitter of Nets, as Pliny noteth. But it seemeth that those Arts were at first learned by imi∣tation of Silkewormes, Spiders, and the like, whose subtill works no mortall hand can watch.

Under this Head must be reduced all manner of Tooles and Instruments borne in Coat-armour, and pertaining to the seve∣rall Trades of Weaving, Fulling, Dying, Sheering, &c. As also such as do pertain to the severall mysteries or occupations of Embroiderers, Sempsters, and such others. Amongst Artificers and men of Trade (saith Chassaneus) this is a note of observation, that each one is to be preferred before other according to the dignity of the Stuffe whereon he doth exercise his Trade. Hereto we will annex some examples of Taylory.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Topaz, a Maunch Ruby.* 1.925 This Coat-Armour pertained to the honourable Family of Ha∣stings, sometimes Earles of Pembrook, and is quarte∣red by the right Honourable Henry Gray, now Earle of Kent. Of things of Antiquity (saith Leigh) that are grown out of use, this is one which hath been, and is taken for the Sleeve of a garment. Which may well be; for you may see in old Arras clothes, garments with Sleeves wrought not much unlike to this fashi∣on, but now much altered from the same; for fashi∣on and times do go together. That this is a Sleeve, I will make more ap∣parent by this next example.

* 1.926

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Dexter Arme habited with a Maunch, Ermyne, the hand holding a Flower de Lis, Or. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to William Mohan, alias Sappell, sometime Lord of Dunstore. This word Maunch seemeth to be derived from the Latine word Manica, whic•• signifieth the sleeve of a garment. And the same of some Armorists, is termed Manche mal tailee, Quast manica male talliata, as an ill shapen sleeve.* 1.927 To weare Sleeves unto any sort of Garment, was with some people holden reproachfull, as appeareth in the exposition of the Epistle of S. Hierome ad Eustochium,* 1.928 in these words Objiciebatur quasi delicatum, apud Maronem quod tunicae haberent Manicas. The comming of the hand out in this manner doth shew the same to be a Sleeve. For (if you observe) you may herein discerne the bought of the Arme in the middest, as also the Elbow opposite thereunto, and the widing thereof at the shoulder, as if the same were enlarged with a Gusset under the arme-pit. Also the hanging down of the bag from the Handwrist, doth concur with that form of Sleeve which the women of Galoway in the North part•• of Ireland at this day do use. The same doth the former also expresse, al∣though in a more obscure manner, as if you compare one of them with the other, you may easily perceive.

As touching apparell, we find that though the same be made chiefly to cloath our nakedness, yet shall we find that they were not only ordain∣ed by the invention of Man, but also allowed (and for some speciall end) expresly commanded by God himself to be made and provided, as we•• for glory, as also for ornament and comelinesse, as appeareth, Exod. 2•• Likewise thou shalt embroider the fine linnen coat, and thou shalt make the mitre of fine linnen, and thou shalt make the girdle of needle-work. And for Aarons sons thou shalt make coats, and thou shalt make for them girdles, and bonnets shalt thou make for them for glory and for beauty.

Rich Garments and costly Jewels are reckoned ornaments, as appeareth, 2 Sam. 1.24 Ye daughters of Israel weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparell. And they be called Ornaments, because they do illustrate and adorne, or beautifie the person that is garnished with them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between 3 Maun∣ches, Sable, by the name of Maunsell, of which Sir Thomas Mounsell of M••rgan or Morgan in the Coun∣ty of Glamorgan was the third Baronet of England, being so created 22. of May 1611. whose Grand∣son (as I take it) Sir Edward Maunsell now enjoyes the title and estate, there is also another Sir Edward Maunsell Baronet of this Family, also descended from Francis Maunsell of Muddelscombe in the County of Carmarthen, Baronet, so created 14. July 1621.

To this head may be reduced, all sorts of things whatsoever pertaining to the adorning, decking, or trimming of the body, as Combes, Glasses, Head-brushes, Curling-Bedkins, &c. And also Purses, Knives, &c.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Combes,* 1.929 Argent, by the name af Tunstall. The Combe is a neces∣sary instrument for trimming of the Head, and seem∣eth (as touching the forme thereof) to have been devised by imitation of the back-bone of a Fish: and serveth not onely for cleansing the Head from dande∣ruffe and other superfluities; but is of most use with women for shedding and trimming their haire and head-tires, wherein some of them bestow more labor for the adorning of them than their whole bodie is worth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Palmers Scrips, Sable, the Tassels and Buckles, Or. These are the Armes of Sir Henry Palmer of Howlets in the Parish of Beake Burne in the County of Kent, Knight, Controuller of his Majesties Navy Royall, Son of Sir Henry Palmer of the said Place Knight, somtime Admirall of the Narrow Seas, and Controller of the Navy Royall. These Armes, although some part of them allude unto the name, are very ancient, and were inpaled in Ottford Church in Kent before it was burned, where this Knights ancestors had some possessions; with the severall Coats of the Torre••ls, Fitzsimonds and Tirells: And in the Chancell at Snodland in Kent Thomas Palmer that married with the daughter of Eitzsimons, lieth buried, of whom I have read this Epitaph not derogating from the best of versi∣fying in that Age:

Palmers all our Fathers were, I a Palmer lived here And traveld still, till worne wud Age I ended this worlds pilgrimage, On the Blest Ascension Day, In the Cheerfull moneth of May, A thousand with four hundred Seaven, I tooke my Iourney hence to Heaven.

Sir Thomas Palmer of Leigh near Tunbridge in Kent Knight, Grandfather to the Elder Sir Henry Palmer Knight, before recited, was owner of the Mannors of Tottington and Eccles in Aylesford and Boxley adjoyning to Snod∣land aforesaid, which came unto this Family by a match with a daughter of the Lord Poynings: and Katharine Palmer, this S. Thomas Palmers Sister, was married to Jhon Roe of Boxley in Kent Gent. Father of Reginald Roe of Leigh aforesaid, Gentleman, ancestor to Sir Thomas Roe Knight, now living, 1632. whose worthy merit in the discharge of many Embassages, wherein he hath been imployed by this state, deserves to be remembred with an honourable Character.

* 1.930

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Argent, on a Chief, Gules, three Bey∣sants, by the name of Russell (sometime of Durham) in the County of Gloucester. What Beysants are, and of what form, weight and value they were in ancient time, and why they were so named, I have already shewed in my first Section, pag. 30. in the blazon of the bordure of Richard Plantagenet King of the Ro∣mans and Earle of Cornwall; whereto I refer you, for the avoiding of needlesse repetition.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two Bars, Argent, in Chief, three Plates. This is the Coat of that honourable and ancient Family of Hungerfords, sometime Ba∣rons of this Kingdom, till in Henry the fourths dayes, the Heire of Robert Lord Hungerford, Botreux Molins and Moles was marryed to Edward Lord Hastings, and had George first Earle of Huntington.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ermine, on a Fesse, Gules, three Plates. This Coat-armour pertaineth to that worthy Gentleman, John Milward, one of the Captains of the City of London, and first Governour of the Corporation of the Silk-trade. Some Armorists are of opinion that Beisants and Plates in Armory, are Emblems of Justice and equall dealing among men.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This was the Coat-Armour of that Learned Gentleman Sir John Brampston Knight, Lord chief Justice of the Kings Bench, late deceased, and is thus blazoned, Or, on a Fesse, Sable, three Plates.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse Checquie, Argent, and Azure, between three Bezants, by the name of Pits, and is the Coat of—Pits Esquire, who marryed Lady Jane second Daughter of John Earle Rivers, she having been first Widow of the Lord Chandos, and secondly of Sir William Sedley, Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Beysants, each charged with a Crowned King, his Robes, Sable, doubled, Er∣mine, sustaining a covered cup in his right hand, and a Sword in his left, of the second. This Coat pertaineth to John de Lylde the eighteenth Bishop of Ely.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Gules, a demy Virgin, her haire disheveld, Crow∣ned, issuing out, and within an Orle of Clouds, all proper. This is the Coat-armour of the right wor∣shipfull Company of Mercers, being the primer Company of the City of London, as it was most ac∣curately, and lively demonstrated at the inaugu∣ration of the Right Honourable John Dethick, Lord Mayor of the City of London, in the year of our Lord, 1655.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between nine Cloves, Sable. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Com∣pany of the Grocers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, six Plates,* 1.931 3.2. and 1. by the name of Punchardon. These are bullions of Silver, ha∣ving no manner of impression upon them, but are onely prepared ready for the Stamp. In the Blazoning of this, and of the other last precedents, there is no mention made of th••ir colour; because, as the for∣more are evermore Gold, so in like sort, are these al∣wayes Silver.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Topaz, a Cheuron, Saphire, between three Heurts. This is the Coat of Sir John Clepole Knight and Baronet, Clerk of the Haniper, Father of John Clepole Esquire, Master of the Horse, who marryed Elizabeth, second Daughter of Oliver late Lord Protector.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, ten Plates on a Chief, Argent, a Lyon passant of the field, and is the Coat of Sir Orlan∣do, and Sir James Bridgman, sons of that Reverend Prelate John Bridgman, Lord Bishop of Chester, so con∣secrated 1618.

* 1.932

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, on a bend engrailed, Sable, three Plates. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Ancient Family of the Cutts's of Arkesden in the County of Essex, where in the Parish Church remains a Monu∣ment, whereupon these Armes here demonstrated, as the paternall Coat-Armour of this Family, are por∣traied: Neare unto which Tombe lye interred Ri∣chard Cutts Esquire, and his four sons, viz. Richard Cutts Esquire, eldest son, who erected that Monu∣ment, Sir William Cutts Knight, second son (and lately his onely son and heir Richard Cutts, Esquire) Frances third son, and John the fourth son; which Frances marryed Katharine one of the daugh∣ters and coheirs of John Bondivile or Bonvile of Sponton in the County of York, Esquire, who for his Coat-Armour bore Sable, Six Mullets, three, two, and one, Or. Leigh writeth in his Accidens of Armory, pag. 14, 15. That that Coat-Armour whose field consisteth of Argent, and the charge of Sa∣ble (as you see the Coat of Cutts doth) is the most fair kind of Bearing, and with him agree other Armorists: Leigh there sheweth this reason, because Argent or White will be seen in the darkest place, and Sable or Black in the clearest light; And since these two of all other Colours may be discerned farthest off, therefore is the Shield thus borne and charged called the fairest.

* 1.933In respecct we are now come to speake of Stamps and Coines; I hold it not impertinent (by the way) to give some little touch of the Royaltie of Coining. It is therefore to be observed, that the power to Coine money, hath been evermore reckoned to be one of the Prerogatives that in our common Law we doe call Jura Regalia, and pertaineth to the Sovereigne power a∣mongst many regall immunities to that supreme jurisdiction peculiarly belonging, and to none others.

Neverthelesse we read that Monarchicall Kings and Soveraigne States imparted this prerogative or preheminence unto others their inferiours upon speciall acceptable service done, or for whatsoever private respect; as we may see 1 Maccab. 15.6. Where amongst many other preheminences granted by Antiochus the sonne of Demetrius to Simon the high Priest, which had been formerly granted to him by the predecessors of Antiochus, he enableth him to coine money, saying, I give thee leave to coine money of thine own Stampe within thy country.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron, Sable, three Bezants, by the name of Bond of Cornwall a very anci∣ent family, from whence those of London are descen∣ded.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Peny-yard pence, Proper, by the name of Spence: these are so named of the place where they were first coined, which was (as is supposed) in the Castle of Penny-yard near the Mar∣ket Town of Rosse, scituated upon the River of Wye, in the County of Hereford.

To this head must be reduced all other sorts of Bullion or Coine, and whatsoever else pertaineth to Traffick or commerce.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Purse Overte, Gules. This Coat pertaineth to the family of Conradus Wittenber∣gensis Comes, that was first invested by Henry the fourth, Emperour, to whom he gave faithfull ayde in his wars; and did much detest the strife betwixt him, and Rodolph of Swevia, his competitor to the Em∣pire, whom the Pope had nominated Emperour; he much laboured a pacification of the tumults then stirred up in Germany, as Hemingius in his Genealogies noteth.

By this open Purse, we may understand, a man of a charitable disposition, and a franke and liberall Steward of the blessings, which God hath bestow∣ed upon him, for the relief of the needy: Of such an one S. Herome hath this saying, Non memini me legisse mala morte mortuum, qui libenter opera charitatis exercuit; habet enim multos intercessores, & impossibile est multorum preces non exaudiri.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron between three Irish Broges, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Arthure of Ireland:* 1.934 the pulling of a mans Shooe (which in Irish is called a Broge) seemeth to have been a note of reproach, or infamie, as we may ga∣ther by that which Moses hath observed unto us, Deut. 25. where it is shewed, that if a man happen to dye issulesse, then his next kinsman should marry his wife, and raise up to his brother a name amongst the Israelites: which if he refused to do, then upon complaint by her made to the Elders, he was warned before them, if then he refused to marry her, then came the woman to him in the presence of the Elders, and pulled off his Shooe, and did spit in his face, and say, So shall it be done unto the man that will not build up his Brothers house: And his name was called in Israel, The house of him whose Shooe is pulled off.

Though the Shooe be an habit serving for the foot, which is the most infe∣riour part of mans body, yet is it not therefore to be contemned; foras∣much as it is a note of progression, and very behovefull for Travellers: In the Scriptures it is often taken for expedition, as Psal. 60. In Idumeam ex∣tendam calceamentum meum; And proceeding to Idumea, I will cast my Shooe over it.

It was an ancient custom amongst the Israelites (in transferring of pos∣sessions) for him that departed therewith to pluck off his Shooe, and to de∣liver the same to his neighbour, as now it is with us, to passe livery and Seizin of Inheritance by the delivery of a Turffe, and Sprigs taken off the ground, and delivering the same to the purchaser: As appeareth in the book of Ruth, where it is said, Now this was the manner before time in Israel concerning redeeming and changing, for to stablish all things: A man did pluck off his Shooe and gave it to his neighbour, and this was a sure witnesse. By which Ceremony he publickly acknowledged that he had transferred, and put over his whole right unto the purchasor, Ruth. 4.7, 8, 9.

But in after ages, it seemeth the Jewes passed inheritances by Charters, sealed and testified by witnesses (a custom of use with us at this day at the Common Law) as appeareth in the Prophesie of Jeremiah; Men shall buy fields for silver, and make writings and seal them, and take witnesses in the Land of Benjamin, and round about Jerusalem, &c. 3••.44. And again, Jer. 32.25. And thou hast said unto me, O Lord God, buy unto thee a field for silver, and take witnesses. And I bought the field of Hananeel my Ʋncles son, that was in Anathoth, and weighed him the mony; even seventeen Sheckles of silver: and I subscribed the Evidence, and sealed it, and took witnesses, and weighed him the mony in the ballances, &c.

Now sithence, I am casually fallen upon this argument of sealing of Deeds, I hold it not amisse, to give some little touch (by the way) of the first coming in of this custom of Sealing (in this our Nation) which is now of so frequent use amongst us.

First, it is to be observed, that our Ancestors the Saxons, had not the same in use, for they used onely to subscribe their names, commonly ad∣ding the signe of the Crosse: And I need not to prove the same by the testi∣mony of divers witnesses, for this custom continued here in England, un∣till the time that this Realm was conquered by William Duke of Norman∣dy; who together with the state of government (a thing of commom cu∣stom with absolute Conquerours) did alter the before mentioned custom of testification of deeds, into sealing with waxe; whereupon the Norman custom of Sealing of deeds, at length, prevailed amongst us. Insomuch that the before mentioned use of the Saxons, therein was utterly abolished: As witnesseth Ingulphus the Abbot of Crowland, saying, the Normans do change the making of writings, which were wont to be firmed in England with Crosses of gold, and other holy signes, into printing waxe. And they rejected al∣so the manner of English writing: This change was not effected all at once, but took place by degrees, So that first the King onely, and some few of his nobility besides, used to Seal; Afterwards Noblemen for the most part and none others.

At this time also as Joh. Ross. noteth, they used to grave in their Seals their own Pictures, and counterfeits covered with a long Coat over their Armours.

After this Gentlemen of the better sort took up this fashion: And be∣cause

they were not all Warriours, they made seales ingraven with their severall Coats or Shields of Armes for difference sake, as the same Author reporteth.

At length, about the time of King Edward the third, Seales became very common: so as not onely those that beare Armes used to Seal, but other men also fashioned to themselves Signets of their owne devising: Some ta∣king the letters of their owne names, some Flowers, some Knots, and flou∣rishes, and other Beasts and Birds, or some other things, as now we behold dayly in use.

SECT. IV. CHAP. VIII.

HAving exemplified such bearings as are borrowed from the two Arts of nourishing and Cloathing our Bodies; the third place may justly be challenged by that Art, which we call Armature;* 1.935 whereby we are defended from all outward injuries, either of Foes or Weather: for by Armature: we understand not onely those things which appertaine to Military profession, (where of we will speake in it's proper place) but also those defensive Sciences of Masonry and Carpentry and Metall works, which doe concurre to building and other necessary strenghtning for protection of our weak Carcases. For houses are mansions for our Bodies, as our bodies for our Soules; and the weaknesse of the one, must be supplyed by the strength of the other. Escocheons of this kinde are these which ensue, as first, for Masonry and Stone-work

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Pickaxes,* 1.936 Argent by the name of Pigot. This Coat may compare for Autiqu∣ty with any; in respect that it, or some such Instru∣ment, seemeth to have been used by the most Ancient of Mankind, who was appointed to digge and delve in the Garden of Eden. Where we may see, how little cause any (though of Noblest and Ancientest blood) hath to be proud, if he looked unto the Pit whence he first was digged, being the very same from whence the mea∣nest also is derived.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, on a Cheuron between three mil∣pecks, Argent, as many Mulets, Gules, by the name of Mosley of Stafford shire. This is an instrument of great use, by which the bluntnesse of the milstone is amen∣ded; the Mill it selfe, as every one well knoweth, is very usefull in a common-wealth, for with it corn is grownd and made fit for bread, which is the staffe of humane life.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, between three Mallets, Or. this was the Coat of Sis Stephen Some Knight, Mayor of London. A prayse-worthy and no∣ble Citizen; from whom a hopefull progeny are de∣scended.

* 1.937

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Mallets, Gules, by the name of Forte. Touching this and sundry other Instru∣ments, we must observe, that whereas such Instru∣ments are usually made by one Trade, and used by an∣other, (as the Smith maketh the Axe which the Car∣penter doth use,) we thought it fittest to place them under those Arts for whose use they were made (the end and use of each thing being the perfection there∣of) than to refer them to those Arts which forme and make them.* 1.938

* 1.939

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, thee Levels with their Plummets, Or, by the name of Colbrand. This Instrument is the Type of Equity and uprightness in all our Actions, which are to be levelled and rectified by the Rule of Reason and Justice. For the P••ummet ever fals right, howsoever it be held, and what ever betide a Vertuous man, his Actions and Conscience will be uncorrupt and uncon∣troulable.

* 1.940To this head must be reduced all manner of Instruments that do pertain to the severall Trades of Bricklayers, Plaisterers, Pavyers, and such others, whose worke consisteth of Stone, Lime, or Morter. So much may suffice for examples for Masonry. Now we come to Carpentry, as may appear by these next following Escocheons.

* 1.941

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron between three Car∣penters Squares, Sable, by the name of Atlow. Artificers (saith Plutarch) doe use their Squares, their Rules, their Lines, and Levels; they goe by measures and numbers, to the end that in all their workes there should not be any thing found done, either rashly or at adven∣ture: and therefore much more should Men use the like moderation and rules in the performance of those Actions of vertue wherein mans happinesse doth con∣sist; especially those who sit in the Seats of Justice, which in Moses time were wont to be Men Fearing God, and hating cove∣tousnesse, which is the perfect Square which such ought to follow. But Ari∣stotle writeth of a Lesbian Square or Rule, which was made of so flexible a stuffe that it would bend any way the workmen would have it: but most dangerous is the Estate of that Common-wealth, whose Judges worke by such Squares, making the Lawes to bow to their private affections, and sometimes to meane one thing, another time the contrary, as themselves are disposed to incline.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse between three Hatchets,* 1.942 Argent, by the name of Wrey. This Instrument is also much used in Execution for beheading of great of∣fenders. In which sense, Jordanus Ʋrsinus, Viceroy of Sicily, being imprisoned by his own Son, gave for his Imprese, an Axe, and a paire of Fetters, with this Motto, Patientia in adversis; to shew his resolution and patience in so great an indignity. Not many years since, there was a reverend Judge of this Family, with whose function this Coat suted very aptly, forasmuch as he did execute the Office of Chief Justice of Eng∣land.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, three Dolphins naiant in Pale, between two paire of Lucyes Saltier-wayes, proper, crown∣ed, Or, on a Chief, Gules, three couple of Keyes crossed, as the Crowns. This is the Coat-armour of the worshipfull Company of the Fishmongers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, a Cheuron Ingrailed, between three Compasses Dilated, Sable. These Armes do per∣tain to the Company of Carpenters.* 1.943

Under this head must be comprehended all sorts of Instruments (whereof there is use in Coat-Armours) pertaining to the severall trades, of Joyners, Milwrights, Cartwrights, Turners, Cowpers, &c.* 1.944 and whatsoever o∣ther Trades, whose use consisteth, and is exerci∣sed in working or framing of ••imber, Wainscot, or a∣ny sort of Wood. And so from Tooles of Masonry and Carpentry borne in Coat-armour, we come to Instruments of Metal-work (the other Species of Armature) whether the same be malleable and wrought by Hammer, or Fu∣sil, and formed by Fire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, on a Cheuron, Gules, between three Gads or pieces of Steele, Azure, as many paire of Shackles or Manicles, Or. This is the Coat-ar∣mour of the worshipfull Company of the Iron-mongers.

* 1.945

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, a Cheuron between three Ham∣mers, Argent, crowned, Or. This Coat-Armour belong∣eth to the Company of Smiths, whose trade of life, as it is most laborious, so is it of most behoofe for the strength both of private mens persons, and of King∣domes: and therefore the Iron Hammer doth well de∣serve the Crowne of Gold on it. Iron it selfe in respect of the use being much more precious and necessary for a Common wealth,* 1.946 than Gold is: which the Enemies of Gods people knew very well, when they would not permit a Smith to live amongst the Israelites, as may be seen, 1 Sam. 13.19. where it is said, Then there was no Smith found throughout all the Land of Israel: for the Philistians sayd, least the Hebrewes make them Swords or Speares. The Hammer and Anvill are two of the chiefest instruments of this Trade, for forging and forming of things malleable for necessary use. Of these doth Ecclesiasticus make mention, Chap. 38. v. 28. where speaking of the laborious travell of the Smith, he saith, ••he Smith abideth by his An∣vill, and doth his diligence to labour the Iron; the vapour of the fire dryeth his flesh, and he must fight with the heat of the fornace: the noyse of the hammer is ever in his ears, and his eyes looke still upon the thing that he maketh: he setteth his minde to make up his work, therefore he watcheth to polish it perfectly.

* 1.947

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Coat-Armour is borne by the name of Clovell and is thus blazoned: The Field Argent, two Cheu∣rons, Sable, each charged with five Nailes, Or. The naile hath had his use in Military Service, as well as Domestick Ʋse: for with this did the prudent Lady Jael end the cruell warre betwixt the Caanites and Israelites, by striking a Naile through the temples of Sisera, who was Generall of King Jabins Host. As to the domesticall use of the Naile, we see that Hous∣holders minding to settle themselves in some house wherein they meane to make them a setled habitation; doe drive Nailes into the Walles, for the more commodious and seemely hanging up and bestowing and orderly placing of things necessary. Whereof Ezra in his prayer to God taketh a similitude, saying, And now for a little space grace hath beene shewed from the Lord our God, to leave us a remnant to escape, and to give us a naile in his holy place, &c. Ezra 9.8.

* 1.948

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse between three paire of Pincers, Gules. This Coat is quartered by the right honourable and worthy Gentleman Sir William Russel, Lord Russel of Thornhaw, lately deceased. Though the Pincers be an instrument peculiar to the Smith that formed the same, yet is the use thereof communicated unto the professors of divers other Trades, as Carpen∣ters, Joyners, Farriers, &c. As touching the first in∣vention of this Instrument, Pliny saith, that Cynira the son of Agrippa devised Pincers, Hammers, Iron Crowes and the Anvill or Stythe.

Next will I speake of such as are formed of Fusible Metals, so called a fundendo, because they are liquid, and powred forth into the mould where∣in they are to be framed: but one example shall serve.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Plummets, Sable, by the name of Jenings. The Plummet may aptly serve for an Hieroglyphick of Pru∣dence, in respect that Mariners by the help of this in∣strument, fastned to some line of many fadomes, do sound the depth of the Seas, when by some tempesti∣ous storm, or other accident, they are forced upon an unknown Coast; that so, if necessity require, they may betake them to their Anchor-hold, or divert their course some other way: whereby we are ad∣monished to sound the depth of our intentions, before we put them in practice, lest we hazard our Fortunes or Lives (through want of fore∣sight) upon the shoales of destruction.

Hitherto I have onely given examples of the Instruments of the said Arts: I will proceed to some examples of the Works and Effects of the same.

SECT. IV. CHAP. IX.

AMongst the sundry Works of the foresaid Artizans, some are fixed and permanent, as Buildings, either prophane, for ordinary use of dwelling; or sacred, as Temples for Gods service: and some others are moveable, as Tents, &c. Examples whereof we will now produce.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tower triple Towred,* 1.949 Sable, chained transverse the Port, Or, by the name of Old-castle. Munster reporteth, that Catiphus Governour of the City Susa, had therein a Towerfull of Gold and Jewels, but for avarice would not disperse his heaped treasures amongst his Souldiers. Afterwards Alan King of the Tartarians surprised this City, and taking Catiphus, shut him up in his Tower, saying unto him; If thou hadst not so greedily walled up thy Treasure, thou hadst saved thy self and this City; now therefore eat and drink, and take thy fill of that thou lovedst so dearly. So died he miserably through the famine in the midst of his excessive Treasures.

Castles and Towers are Strengths and fences fortified most commonly on the tops of hils, or other lofty or well-fenced places by nature, as well for descrying of the Enemy afar off, as for repulsing him upon his approach: whereupon they are called in Latine, Arces, ab arcendo, of keeping the ene∣my aloof, or repulsing or foyling him. And do serve rather for a place of retreat for the timorous to lurke in, than for the valorous to perform any noble feat of Martiall activity in: according to Petrarch, where he saith, Arces scito non receptacula fortium, sed inertium esse latibula. The greatest va∣lour is shewed in aperto Marte, in the Champain field; therefore the most valiant and resolute Generals and Commanders, have evermore reckoned it a chief honour to grapple with the Enemy hand to hand, and do reckon those victories most honourable, that are atchieved with most prodigall effusion of blood, as witnesseth the same Author, saying, Militia nisi largo sanguine magnisque periculis honestetur, non militiae, sed militaris ignaviae no∣men

tenet, non Regum modo judicio, sed vulgi. Castles and Towers have proved many times very pernicious unto such as have reposed trust in their safe∣ty. For there have been many that living out of Castles or Towers, lived securely and free from danger, who afterwards taking stomack to them upon a conceived safety in their strength, became turbulent, and betook them to their holds, and have finally perished in them. And so their ad∣venturous temerity have been there chastised or rather subdued, where it took beginning.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tower triple Towred, Sable, on a Mount, proper. This is the Coat of Sir Richard Chiverton Knight, late Mayor of London, descended from an ancient Family of that surname in Cornwall.

* 1.950

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Lyon Rampand, Argent, a Ca∣stle in the Dexter point, Or. These are the Armes of Sir Francis Castilion, of Benhall Vallence in the County of Berke, Knight, descended of the noble Family of the Count Castilion in Piemont, near unto Mantua.

The Lyon is a magnanimous beast, and of an invin∣cible courage, and is not daunted with any occur∣rent, neither (being laid down) will he be rowsed but at his pleasure, as appeareth, Gen. 49.9. Judah, As a Lyons whelp shalt thou come up from the spoyle my son. He shall lye down and couch as a Lyon, and as a Lyonesse, and who shall stir him? Moreover, of his incomparable strength, and noble courage, a certain Au∣thor saith, Leo fortissimus Bestiarum, ad nullius pavebit occursum: The Lyon the strongest of all beasts, feareth not the encounter of any.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Tower triple Towred, and a Chief, Gules. This is the Coat of Netter of Kent, a Daughter and heir of which Family was marryed to John Nower late of Ashford in Kent, by whom she had issue John Nower Esquire, Justice of Peace, now li∣ving.

* 1.951

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Castle triple Towred, Gules, the Port displayed of the Field, Leaved, Argent. Note, that when the Architecture or Masonry extendeth it self all over the Field, from the one side of the Esco∣cheon to the other, then must it be named a Castle. But if it be thus Turretted and environed by the Field,* 1.952 then must it be blazoned (as above) a Tower triple-towred, or a Tower with so many Turrets. The Gate must be conceived to be transparent, so as the

Field doth manifestly shew it self thorough the same: and all the Port should have Or, if the conceited shadow representing the thicknesse thereof did not extenuate a great part of the same.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Tower, Sable, having a Sca∣ling Ladder raised against it in Bend Sinister, Or.* 1.953 This Coat is quartered by Sir Edward Maunsell Knight. The Ladder thus raised against the Tower, may put us in mind to stand carefully upon our Guard, who live in this world as in a Castle continually assailed with our spirituall and corporall enemies, that cease not ever∣more to plot, and put in execution whatsoever ten∣deth to our destruction.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Crosse between foure Frets, Gules, a Tower of the Field, by the name of Bence, of which Family is Alexander Bence of London, Esquire, the Father of two hopefull Gentlemen, J hn and Alexander, and one Daughter Anne, wife of Edward Bridgwood of London, Merchant.

After these Buildings of prophane and vulgar use, we should annex ex∣amples of Buildings Sacred, as Churches, &c. instead whereof, we will con∣tent our selves with these examples following.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three single Arches,* 1.954 Argent, their Capitals and Pedestals, Or, by the name of Ar∣ches. These are supposed to be Arches of a Bridge: and Nicolas de Ponte, Duke of Venice, gave a Bridge for his device, beaten with the waves, with this Motto; Aliis inserviendo consumor. Pope Xistius the fourth also gave a Bridge, with this word; Cura rerum publicarum. And it may signifie the cares and patient stability of men in Magistracy, who must endure the assaults, ••aunts, and envy of the discontented vulgar.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Bridge of three Arches in Fesse, Gules, masoned, Sable, The streams transfluent, proper, a fane, Argent, by the name of Trowbridge of Trow∣bridge. This Coat standeth in Kirton Church in the County of Devon: and it seemeth to have been given to the first bearer thereof, as an allusion to this sur∣name Trowbridge, quasi Throwbridge, having respect to the current and fall of the streams that do passe through the Arches, wherein the deviser had an in∣genious conceit in the fitting thereof to his name, yet so as it was not so palpably understood of the vulgar sort:

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, Apollo in his glory, with Bow in one hand, and Arrow in the other, bestriding the Serpent Py∣thon, all Or. This is the Coat-Armour of the wor∣shipfull Company of the Apothecaries.

* 1.955

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Pillar, enwrapped with an Ad∣der, Argent, by the name of Myntur. The Adder thus enwrapped about the Pillar, may signifie Prudence conjoyned with Constancy, both which being united in men of high spirits, do greatly avail to the atchie∣ving of noble enterprises. Farnesius making mention of the chief vertues that ought to be in a Prince, set∣teth down two in especiall; whereof the one is Pru∣dence, whereby the Helme of the Weal-publick is go∣verned in time of peace; the other, Fortitude, where∣by the attempts of the enemy are frustrated in time of war.

Pillars the Hieroglyphicks of fortitude and constancy, were erected for di∣vers ends and purposes, sometimes to limit out the bounds of the posses∣sions of people that bordered one upon another; sometimes for memories of vows made: as that which was erected by Jacob at Bethel, Gen. 28 18. Sometimes for Ornament, as those of the Temple, 1 Kings 7.15. Sometimes for Testimonies of Covenants, as that which was erected by Jacob for a memoriall between him and Laban, Gen. 31.44, 45. Sometimes for Monu∣ments to extoll the valour, worth and merits of well-deserving men, as those that were decreed by the Senate and people of Rome to men of spe∣ciall desert and approved vertue. Sometimes they were set up for preser∣vation of names of families from oblivion, of which sort is that mentioned in 2 Sam. 18.18. Now Absolom in his life time had taken and reared up for himself a Pillar which is in the Kings dale: for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the Pillar after his own name, and it is called unto this Day Absaloms Place. To these we will adde one example of a Work moveable, as in this next Excocheon.

* 1.956

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Tents, Argent, by the name of Tenton. Tabernacles or Tents were the chief habitation of our Fathers, in the first Age of the World, as we may see Gen. 12.8. Such kind of habitations did best fit their uses, for the of∣ten removing of their Seats to refresh their cattel with change of pastures, sometimes at hand, and o∣ther-whiles in places remote: which they could not commodiously do, if they had been still commorant in solid and setled buildings. Such is the manner of the Tartarians at this day: they have no Cities, Towns, or Villages to in∣habit, but the open and Champian fields, in Tents after the manner of the ancient Scythians, because they are (in manner) all herdsmen: in the Win∣ter season they plant themselves in the Plains and Valleyes: And in the Sum∣mer they live in Mountainous places, where they may find the rankest and best pasture.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, a Tent Royall between two Parliament Robes, Gules, lined Ermine, on a Chief, Azure, a Lyon Passant, Gardant, Or. This is the honoura∣ble Atchievement of the right worshipfull the Company of Merchant-Taylors of the City of Lon∣don, which Company hath been enobled with eight Kings, eleven Dukes, thirty Earles, and four and forty Lords, who have esteemed themselves much honoured, by being admitted Freemen of this worthy Society.

Of this sort are the Ships and Boats hereafter to be handled, and all o∣ther navigable Vessels, in respect that during the time that men do under∣goe any voyage, they are to them a kind of domesticall habitation. Now proceed we to examples of buildings ordained for sacred use, whereof in these immediately ensuing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Crosse crossed,* 1.957 mounted upon three Grieces, Or. This Coat is quartered by Edward Jones of Lanuaire in the County of Denbigh. The Cross thus mounted upon three Grieces, may put us in mind of the means of our Salvation, even Christ Je∣sus, who in the fulnesse of time, thereto appointed by his Father, suffered the ignominious death of the Crosse for our Redemption; whereby he hath joyned us unto God the Father, and by that his one Oblati∣on, hath purchased us eternall Redemption. The three Grieces or steps whereby we mount up to Christ crucified, are Faith, Hope and Charity, the three chief Theologicall Vertues.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Bels,* 1.958 Argent, by the name of Porter. This sort of Bels that are cast by the hand of a Founder, is not of so great Antiquity as some others hereafter handled; yet their use no lesse ap∣proved, than those: forasmuch as both these and those were ordained for good uses; these to assem∣ble the people together, to heare divine Service, the other to move them (being assembled) to attenti∣on, when the high Priest did exercise his office.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Fesse, Ermine, between three Bels, Argent, by the name of Bell: This was the Coat of Sir Robert Bell Knight, Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer, who dyed of that pes••iferous sicknesse at Oxford 1577. together with the other Judge of Assize, Nich. Barham the Queens Attorny, which Sir Robert by Dorothy, Daughter and sole Heir of Edmund Beaupree of Beaupree-Hall in Norfolke, had issue Sir Edmund Bell, and Sinolphus Bell, Esquire. Mary marryed to Sir Nicholas L' Estrange, Dorothy marryed to Sir Henry Hobart Knight and Baronet, Lord chief Justice: and Frances marryed to Sir Anthony Dering of Pluck∣ley in Kent Knight.

Because we have here spoken of Buildings and Houses, it will not be much amisse to adde hereunto such Escocheons as are derived from Instruments of Houshold-use; such are these ensuing.

* 1.959

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Cushions, Ermine, Buttoned and Tasselled, Or, by the name of Redman. Howsoever these are now taken for Cushions, others are of opini∣on, that they are more truly Pillowes, and given to some Ancestors of this bearer (if Fame be true) for that by occasion of a combate challenged upon him by a Stranger, for the performance whereof the day and place being appointed, this man being more forward than the Challenger, came very early to the place at the day appointed, and by chance fell on sleep in his Tent: the people being assembled, and the houre come, the Trumpets sounded to the battell, whereupon he wakened suddenly, ran furiously upon his Ad∣versary and slew him.

These and such other Ʋtensiles, do serve aswell for Ornament as Necessity: whereas others there are which serve for necessity onely, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fesse Humet, between three Trestles, Argent, by the name of Stratford. More aptly (in my conceit) may this transverse charge be ter∣med a Table, than a Fesse Humet, for so have I seen the same anciently blazoned, and so taken, it is a note of speciall Hospitality and house-keeping, a thing in this age much commended, but little practised.

Now in respect we are in hand to speak of hospitali∣ty, it shall not be amisse to give some little touch by the way, of the bountifull hospitality of Kings in for∣mer ages, whereof I find King Salomon to be the most famous president: for his dayly expenses that I read of, wherein he exceeded all others that preceded or succeeded him, as we may see 1 Kings 4.22. where it is said, And Salomons vitails for one day were 30 measures of fine flowre, and 60 mea∣sures of meale; Ten fat Oxen, and twenty Oxen of the Pastures, and one hundred Sheep, beside Harts, and Robucks, and fallow Deere, and fatted Fowle.

From King Salomons house-keeping, descend we now to the hospitality of the ancient Kings of this Land. I find in an ancient manuscript that King Lud commanded his houshold officers to have in dayly custom, to cover the Tables in the Hall from seven of the clock in the morning, till seven in the evening. His dayly diet was not much in rare and delicate viands; but that he kept it constantly with all good cates as could be gotten, and at the foure great Feasts, he caused Proclamations to be made in all Countries, for all manner of people to come thither.

Moreover the same Author maketh mention of a very memorable and most royall Feast, that Cassibelane made upon his second Triumph over the Roman Emperour, and forasmuch as it is a chief point to be observed of those that shall cite authority for any thing that he writeth or speaketh of, to use the expresse words of his Author which he voucheth, I will there∣fore deliver it, as he himself relateth the same.

Domus Regis Cassibelani standeth for a speciall note, which after his se∣cond triumph upon the Emperour, gave out his Royall commandments to all the Gentiles of Britany, to come with their wives to magnifie his feast: For which he slew forty thousand Kine, & Oxen, one hundred thou∣sand Sheep, thirty thousand Deere, and other wild beasts of the wood, besides the diverse kinds of Pullyne, Conies, wilde Fowle and tame, of

Sea, and Land, with much other purveiance of vitaile with many dis∣guisings, plai••s, minstrelsie and sports.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Trevet, Sable,* 1.960 by the name of Trevet. A Trevet seemeth to be so called of its three feet, or à Tripode, which in Greek signifieth a Stoole of so many feet. Amongst the Heathens, Apollo's Priest was said to give Answers from the Oracle, sitting on such a Stoole, whence he that speaketh Oracles, is said to speak, tanquam ex Tripode.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three flesh pots, Gules,* 1.961 by the name of Mounbowchier. It appeareth by History, that the Ancients were wont to seeth their meat in the hides of beasts, which yet is in use in barbarous Coun∣tries, but Art supplyeth that defect. The Flesh-pots of Aegypt are objected to the fleshly minded Jewes, who were contented to forsake the hope of blessed Canaan, to enjoy again their belly-cheere: and Esaus messe of Pottage, is with many of more esteem than the birth-right and inheritance of the heavenly Canaan.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three paire of Bellowes, Sable,* 1.962 by the name of Scipton. The invention of this Instru∣ment for making of wind, was much more witty, than that conceit of the Poets of Boreas, his keeping of Winds in Bottles. The Author of these (as Strabo witnesseth) was Anacharsis.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Lamps, Sable,* 1.963 a File of three points, Gules, by the name of Lampelaw.

We read of a certain Church dedicated to Venus, wherein was a Lamp that burnt continually and never went out, but still gave light, yet was not main∣tained with any kind of Oyle, or other fatty matter or substance, and this was holden for a speciall miracu∣lous thing; yet might the same be performed by some other naturall means, as with a certain kind of stone that is found in Arcadia, and is called Asphestus, which is said to be of that nature, that being once kindled and set on fire, doth never extinguish or go out, neither is it thereby consumed or wasted, Zan. lib. 4. de potent. daemon. chap. 12. pag. 255.

There are doubtlesse both in herbs and stones admirable virtues (not manifest) whereby strange and unwonted effects may be wrought. There∣fore men being ignorant of the efficacy and forcible vertues of things na∣turall, and apprehending only their effects by sight, do forth with conceive that there is wrought some strange or great miracle, whereas indeed it is nothing lesse, but a matter proceeding meerly from some naturall cause.

Besides these aforesaid, there are sundry other Instruments, of Houshold use, as Mortars, Gridirons, &c. which we leave to observation. And to this may be referred, Candles, torches, &c. The great Turke Solimannus, gave foure Candles for his Device, one burning, the other three extinct; to sig∣nifie that other Religions were nothing light, in respect of his: or that the other parts of the World should lose their beauty, by the brightnesse of his glory.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per cheuron, Embateled, Or, and Gules, three Roses counterchanged, slipped, proper, on a chiefe of the second, three Houre-glasses of the first. This Coate pertained to Doctor White sometimes Bishop of Winchester. Albeit the Sunne is the governour and moderator of time, yet because we cannot aptly ex∣presse the same to the view, I have made choice of this Coate to manifest the same thereby, in respect of the Houre-Glasses placed on the chiefe thereof: for as the sun is the measure of time, so is the time also the measurer, not onely of publike, but also of private affaires. For who is he that hath any businesse to performe that desireth not to know how he proceedeth therein, and whether he be before hand with time, or that he be belated. And for this end were Dials, Clocks, Watches and Hour-glasses devised.

Endlesse is the swift passage of time, which we shall better discerne if we looke backwards to the times that have already overslipped us.

The best meanes we can devise to bridle time is to be evermore well exercised in some honest vertuous and laudable worke, so shall it not es∣cape us fruitlessely; acording to that saying of Petrarch, Virtute & indu∣stria, bonarumque artium studijs fraenari possunt tempora, non quia fugiant, sed ne pereant. So shall we be sure to carry a hand over time, and not time over us: so shall we if not clippe his wings that he glide not from us, yet shall we so attach him, that he shall not so passe us, but that we shall make some good use of him, that he passe us not unprofitably.

Time slippeth from us suddenly, and outstrippeth us, which onely we ought greedily to seize upon, and in no case barter or exchange the same for any costly price or reward, let us (though late, yet not too late) begin to love and hold time in estimation, which onely a man may lawfully and honestly covet. Let us bethink our selves of the shortnesse of our time, and our own frailty, and endeavour our selves to make good use thereof: and let us not then (as Seneca admonisheth us) begin to live when life be∣gins to leave us.

To this place, are Clocks, Watches, and such like Instruments (represen∣ting the swift incessant motion of time) to be referred, wherein we may observe that every wheele therein, is moved by some other of more swift motion than it selfe hath; whereby is verified this saying, Quilibet motus mensuratur per velociorem motum seipso.

SECT. IV. CHAP. X.

* 1.964NExt to Armature with the appendices thereof, succeedeth Navigati∣on, whereunto pertain all sorts of Ships and Boats, with their severall

parts, their Huls, Stem, Sterne, Masts, Tops, Tacklings, Sailes, Oares, Cables, Anchors, &c. Whereof divers are borne in Coat-armour, as shall by these next examples partly appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three peeces of Masts Couped,* 1.965 with their tops, Argent, by the name of Cromer. The invention of the Mast, as also of the Crosse peece where∣unto the Saile is fastned, and is thereof called the Sail-yard, came (saith Polydor) from Daedalu••, that ex∣cellent Engineer of Athens, who is famous for making the Artificiall Cow, wherein Pasiphae (that Monster of Mankind) did put her self, and so enjoyed her lust and bestiall desires with a Bull, with whom she was in love.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Sailes, Argent,* 1.966 by the name of Cavell, alias Locavell. Pliny ascribeth the in∣vention of Sails to Icarus the son of Daedalus, who for this device, is said (by Poets) to have flowne with Artificiall wings. In a naturall conflict (saith Alex. ab Alex.) to strike Saile or take down the Flag at the command of another, is a token of yeilding or sub∣mission, which is yet observed by men of Naval profession. There are three things (saith one) which excell all other for beautifull shew; a goodly man at Armes bravely mounted on a Warlike Steed; a Woman of faire and goodly feature, bearing a great belly; and a goodly Ship in her ruffe, and under full Saile.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse in chief, three Anchors, Or, by the name of Terne. This Coat is borne by Chri∣stopher Terne Doctor in Physick, Fellow of the Col∣ledge of Physicians in London, Physician to Saint Bar∣tholomew Hospitall, and Reader of Anatomy to the Company of Barber-Chirurgions, London.

He is second son to Nathaniel Terne of much Wen∣lock in the County of Salop, lately deceased, and of Sarah Daughter and Coheir to Edmund Hill, of the Court of Hill in Tenbury, in the same County, by whom he had also issue William eldest son, Henry third son, & Nathaniel deceased.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, an Anchor in Pale, Argent,* 1.967 the Timber or Crosse-peece thereof, Or, by the name of Good∣reed. Anacharsis (saith Pliny) made Anchors first with two Hooks. The Anchor signifieth succour in extre∣mities: and therefore the Author of the Epistle to the Hebrewes, resembleth Hope to the Anchor, where it is said, Ʋt spem propositam teneamus, quam velut animae anchoram habemus tutam & firmam; Because Hope doth establish and confirme our faith against all the tem∣pestious Gusts of adverse occurrents, Cosmus Medices, Duke of Hetruria gave two Anchors for his impresse, with this word, DUABUS, meaning, it was good to have two holds to trust to. But Richard the first, King of England, gave a Sun on two Anchors, with this Motto, CHRISTO DUCE: a worthy and Princely choice of so heavenly a Pilot.

* 1.968

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Ruther or Helme of a Ship, Ar∣gent. By the help of this Helme doth the Pilot wield the Ship at will, through the most violent Seas. Some men are of opinion that the first invention of the H••lme of a Ship was taken from the observation of a Kite flying, or rather gliding in the Aire, that by tur∣ning of his tayle one while one way, another while another way, doth guide his course in the Aire, wher∣by it seemeth that nature would manifest in the clear Aire, what was behovefull to be practised in the deep waters. So necessary is the use of this Instrument, as that without it no shipping can be directed in a certain course, but would be evermore in perill of splitting upon shoales and Rocks, through the forcible cur∣rent and surging waves of the Sea, and the violence of the boysterous winds, notwithstanding the might of the skilfull Pilots or Marriners to their great hazard and astonishment. As we may see Psal. 107.25, 26, &c. For at his word the stormy wind ariseth, which lifeth up the waves thereof. They are carryed up to Heaven, and down again to the deep, their soul melteth a∣way because of the trouble. They re••le to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits ends. Other parts of Ships have been borne both in Coat-armour and Impreses: Horatius Gonsaga gave the Prow of a Ship tyed to a Plow-wheele, with a Laurell over it, signifying his quiet Country life, af∣ter his Naval-life. And Cardinall Raphael Riarius, affecting the Papacy, gave an Oare on the Globe of the Earth, with this word, HOC OPUS; shewing what a Pilot he would be, if he had the command.

* 1.969

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Lighter Boat in Fesse, Gules. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the family de Wolfo of Swev∣land. Like to this was borne in Devise by the Prince, Jam Bentivolious, who opened his meaning with this Word, ME VIDEO IN MARI SINE GUBERNATORE: I find my self in the Sea without a Pilot. Such is the condition of a Common∣wealth without a Ruler, or a man without Reason, tossed with every wave of affection. But in these tossings of Fortunes waves, wise was the resolution of Vicount Hugo de Melan, whose Device was a Ship without any Tackling to stay it, with this word, IN SILENTIO ET SPE FORTI∣TUDO MEA, My strength is in Silence, Patience and Hope.

* 1.970

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Mars, the Hull of a Ship, having onely a Maine Mast, and a Top without any Tackling, Sol. This is the Coat-armour of the high and mighty Prince Duke Albertus de Alasco of Polonia, who did bear the same also for his Crest, with this Motto, DEUS DABIT VELA: God will give Sailes; shew∣ing that heavenly guidance is that whereby worldly affaires are governed, and that we must not altoge∣ther rely on humane help.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Ship with three Masts, a Saile,* 1.971 trussed up, and hoisted to the top of the Main Yard, shrouded, Sable, by the name of Meeres. Andreas Do∣reo, Admirall of Spain, gave for his Imprese, a Ship un∣der full Sail, with this heavenly Motto, OMNIA FORTUNAE COMMITTO, I commit all to Fortune: but another of that Name (Admirall to Charles the fifth) gave the same Device with a much more Christianlike word, NON DORMIT QUI CUSTODIT; he that is keeper, is no sleeper.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Galley passing under full sail,* 1.972 Or. This is a Coat of Spanish bearing, which Nation much useth this kind of Vessell on the Mediterranean and calmer Seas, the Rowers therein being so many captived Slaves, chained fast to their seat, lest they should rebell against the ministers of their oppres∣sion. The first Ship we read of was made by Noah, for the preservation of increase of all living creatures in the time of the generall Floud: but Jason first made the Galley, which Sesostris King of Aegypt used after him.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XI.

THE last of the aforesaid Arts we reckoned to be Venation, which Plato divideth into three Species, Hunting, Hawking and Fishing; all which because they tend to the providing of sustenance for man, Farnesi∣us doth therefore account a Species of Agriculture. The dangerous chases of the Bear, the wild Boare, Bull, &c. whether the same be performed on horse-back or on foot, hath a resemblance of Military practise: for it ma∣keth a man provident in assaulting, as also valorous in sustaining the brunt of the enemy: it maketh them politick for choice of places of ad∣vantage, and enableth them to tolerate hunger, thirst, labour, stormes, tempests, &c. all which are most requisite for such as do professe a mili∣tary course of life. What valorous commanders those men have proved, that have been trained up in the Art of Hunting, when they have come to the administration and managing of Martiall Affaires, the Persians can suf∣ficiently witnesse unto us; who had no better means to become expert Souldiers, than their dayly exercise of Hunting: As also the History of Mithridates, King of Pontus, who was so much transported with the love of Hunting as that (according to Farnesius) by the space of seven years he took not the benefit of any house, either in City or Country to lye in: by means whereof, he so enabled and enured his body to sustain all hard∣nesse, that afterward he became a scourge and terrour to the Romans. And therefore this noble kind of Venation is priviledged from the title of an Illiberal Art, being a Princely and Generous Exercise:* 1.973 but those onely who use it for a trade of life, to make gain thereof, are to be marshalled in the rank of Mechanicks and Illiberal Artizans.

As touching the number of examples of things pertaining to this noble exercise of Hunting, proposed for the first Species of Venation, I purpose to

be very brief, not in respect of their scarcity, but because of the manifold imployments of the workman for the present, that he is not able to fur∣nish me with more. And having ended with them, I will proceed, accor∣ding to order, with the other two Species of Venation, viz. Hawking and Fishing.

* 1.974

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Bugle or Hunters Horne garni∣shed and furnished, Argent. This Coat-armour is of ve∣ry ancient erection in the Church of Rewardine with∣in the Forrest of Deane in Glocester-shire, and pertained to the Family of Hatheway of the same place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, three Bugle Hornes stringed, Or, garnished, Azure. This is the Paternall Coat-armour of John Thruston of Hoxon or Hoxne in the County of Suf∣folke, Esquire. This colour Sable is resembled to the precious stone called Diamond, which signifieth in Armory durablenesse, and the charge of this Escocheon being of the metall Or, is oftentimes in Blazon descri∣bed by the Topaz stone, the emblem in Heraldry of a sure messenger, as Sir John Ferne noteth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, between two Leo∣pards heads in chief, and a Bugle in base, Argent. This is the Coat of Sir Thomas Slingsby of Redhouse in the County of York, Baronet, and Colonel Thomas Slingsby his Uncle, of which Family and Coat-Ar∣mour, as also divers other worthy Gentlemen: This was the Coat of Scriven, whose heir this Fa∣mily marryed, and bore their Coat in the first place, their own ancient Coat being Argent, a Griffon Sergreant, Sable, supprest by a Fesse, Gules.

* 1.975

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron between three Stags heads couped, Sable, as many Bugles stringed of the first. This Coat pertaineth to Sir George Huntley of Frowcester in the County of Glocester, Knight. Other Coats derived from this noble exercise I might pro∣duce, as three Dog-hooks borne by the name of Mer∣tingham, three Leashes or Slips, by the name of Hay∣ward: but these examples may stand instead of the rest. And hitherto are to be referred Toyles, Hayes, Collars for Greyhounds: of which last sort, I find an Escocheon erected in the Church of Newent in the Forrest of Deane, in Field Sable,* 1.976 three Greyhounds Collars, Argent, Edged, Studded, and Tyretted, Or.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Fesse, Azure,* 1.977 three Hawks bels of the first, by the name of Planke. This sort of Bels is of no late invention, but of great antiquity, and in use amongst the Hebrewes, whose High Priest had lit∣tie Bels at the skirts of his uppermost garment, as ap∣peareth, Exod. 28.33. And beneath upon the skirts there∣of thou shalt make Pomegranats of blew silk, and purple, and scarlet, round about the skirts thereof, and bels of gold round about: to shew that the attention and devotion of Gods people must be stirred up by the ministery of this most sacred function.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron, Or,* 1.978 between three Lewres, Argent, by the name of Prenue. This Coat was quartered by Sir Nicolas Arnold Knight, sometimes of Hyneham in the County of Glocester. A like Coat to this, is borne by the name of Lie, and well accordeth with the name, for Fawlkners use to deceive their Hawks with casting up of this, as if it were some Fowle, and so they give them a Lie for a Truth. And these two examples may suffice for the noble Art of Hawking. The next and last is Fishing.

The Skill of Fishing is diversly exercised: viz. sometimes with Nets, sometimes with Hooks, other whiles with Sammon-spears, or Eele-spears, and sometimes with Ginnes, with Puttes, Weeles, &c. all which are found borne in Coat-armour; now first of Nets. These are most usually borne in Armes piece-meal, or in fragments, which are the same (if I be not de∣ceived) which we call in Blazon, Frets, because the Frenchmen call a Net, Retz, and we by intermixture of Language, have added thereunto the letter F. These fragments are sometimes borne single, and other-whiles manifold, as appeareth by these next examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, eight Mascles, Or, 5 and 3, by the name of Preston. The Mascle is taken for the mash of a Net, as I shall presently shew you by good authority: and Nets are in sacred Writ Hieroglyphicks of perswa∣sion, whereby men are induced to vertue and verity, and so may seem after some sort to be caught. Far diverse from this is that sort of Net which is in use with many men in this age, to catch and ensnare men of honest and plain dispositions, entangling them therein, not onely to decay of their bodies, but also to the utter subversion of their estates, for the enriching of themselves and their posterity: of such the Prophet Habakkuk speaketh, chap. 1.15, 16.

There is also borne, Gules, eight Losenges, Argent, 4.3.1. by the name of Preston.

* 1.979

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Mascles, Argent, by Sir George Belgrave, of Bel∣grave in the County of Leicester. These are by some taken to be the same with Losenges. A Mascle in Ar∣mory (saith Sir John Ferne) is a representation of the Mash of a Net, signifying the Bearer thereof in a Field, Gules, to have been most prudent, and politick in the stratagems of Wars, for that the Field is dedicated to Mars. The bearing of Mascles therefore is of grea∣ter honour than many other Charges are, that in vul∣gar estimation are more accounted of. Sometimes these are borne to the number of six, viz. 3. 2. and 1. joyntly, without the interposition of any Ordinary. Otherwhiles they are borne to the number of seven conjunct, as in this next Escocheon.

* 1.980

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, seven Mascles conjunct; viz. 3. 3. and 1. Or. a Canton, Ermine. This Coat-Armour per∣taineth to Henry Ferrers of Badsley in the County of Warwick, Esquire, a man very judicious in matters of honour. Whereas (Leigh saith) that the Mascle ought alwayes to be square, whether the same be void or whole; I hold, that if they be Mashes of a Net, as Sir John Ferne taketh them to be, then can they not in any case be whole, but must be evermore transpa∣rent and void: for if they be solid, they may better be resembled to Quarrels of Glasse, or some other thing of massie and sound substance, wrought every way square like a Die. From which a Losenge is said to differ, in that the same is longer one way than another.

* 1.981

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fret of eight pieces, Azure. This was the Coat-Armour of a noble Norman wel de∣scended, called Seigneur De Montier aullier, as is testi∣fied by an ancient French Manuscript: if in any Coat of this bearing there be found more than eight pieces, (then (saith Leigh) you shall not need to number the pieces, but in the Blazon of such Coat-Armours you shall say, He beareth Frette; one example whereof fol∣loweth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Emerald, Frette, Topaz, a difference for a second Brother of the third house. This Coat-armour pertaineth to George Whitmore, a few years since Lord Mayor of the Honourable City of London, de∣scended of the Family of the Whitmores of Whitmore of Shropshire. The elder Brother of which Sir George was, Sir William Whitmore, Grandfather of Sir Willi∣am Whitmore of Apsley in Shropshire, Baronet. And now I will give you an example of a Fret of eight pieces, each charged in the joynts or middest.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fret of eight pieces, Gules, each charged in the middest with flowers de lis, Or. This Coat pertaineth to Sir Lawrence Hamelden Knight, who was one of those Knights that exer∣cised the Tornament holden at Dunstable, in the se∣cond year of King Edward the second; like as in this Coat you see the Fret charged, and the Field (other∣wise) free from any other charge: so contrariwise you shall find the Frette free, and the Field charged between, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, Frettee, Gules, semy de Castles of the second, by the name of Nechur. Now I will shew you examples of the bearing of Frets, which differ from all the former bearings.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Baptist Nowell, Viscount Camden, and is thus blazoned, Topaz, Fretty, Ruby, a Canton, Ermine.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, diamond, a Fret, Topaz. This was the Coat-armour of Henry Lord Maltrevers or Mautrevers (for I find the Orthography both waies) an ancient Ba∣••on of this Kingdome, and is now quartered by the Right Honourable, Thomas Howard, Earle of Arundell and Surrey, Earle Marshall of England. When the Fret consisteth of six pieces, then (saith Sir John Ferne in La∣cies Nobility, pag. 69.) we say a Fret, without saying any more, but in this we differ from the French Heralds, who blaze such a kind of bearing, a Fret of six pieces; and there he noteth further that a Fret cannot be of less than six pieces, you shall also some∣times find a Fret Ingrailed, as in the next Escocheon but one.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Sable, a Fret, Argent, by the name of Harington, a bearing so excellent, that it is general∣ly known by the name of Haringtons Knot, even to the ignorant in Armory.

* 1.982

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fret Engrailed, Ermine, by the name of Eynefort. If this Fret (saith Leigh) be of more peeces than you see here, then it altereth from the same name, and is blazoned Diaper. Of the manifold sorts of Diapering I have formerly given examples, to∣gether with certain observations thereupon, whereun∣to I do refer you for satisfaction therein. These ex∣amples may serve for Nets, to shew their diverse man∣ner of bearing, and to minister occasion to the Rea∣der, to make a more strict observation of such others, as I do here passe over, because I labour to be brief.

* 1.983

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Fishing Hooks, Argent, by the name of Medvile. Not unpro∣perly (saith Pierius) do men signifie by this kind of Hook, fraud and guile, Quia decipere est unum ostenta∣re, & aliud praeter opinionem inferre: for the Fisher-man under a shew of tendring food to the Fish (ha∣ving subtilly covered the hook all over with the baite) doth give him his deadly bane. And of this trade are more in the world, than will acknow∣ledge themselves of the Company of fisher-men or fish-mongers.

* 1.984

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Eele-spears, Argent, by the name of Stratele. These do Fishermen use for the taking of Eeles, which being (for the most part) in the mud, cannot be taken with Net or other Ginne: which gave occasion of the in∣vention of this Instrument, a long staffe being set in the socket thereof, and so to strike into the depth of the mud, and by means of the Barbes of this Instru∣ment, they detain as many as come within the dan∣ger thereof. And therefore this Engine hath a signifi∣cation of such an action of desert, wherein both strength and policy are conjoyned.

* 1.985

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Weeles, their hoops upwards, Vert, by the name of Wylley. And indeed this is like the insnarings and deceits of wily men; for as this mouth is made broad and easie for the Fish to enter, but is narrow within, that they cannot get forth; so crafty Varlets will make fair pretense to draw men into their dangers, out of which they cannot get forth being once in∣tangled. And this kind of trade is much more base and Illiberal, than any of the afore-specified: and with these are to be ranged all those, Quorum lingua venalis est (saith Tully) who sell their tongue, their skill, their conscience, onely to get a Fee of their Clients. And thus much of Arts mechanicall of the first and princi∣pall rank.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XII.

ARTS Mechanicall of more necessary use for the nourishing and preserving of Mans body, we have proposed in the preceding exam∣ples; there yet rest other Arts of a second rank, which tend rather to the embellishing and beautifying of Natures works, than to the necessary supply of humane uses, yea, some of them, such as are rather boites to please the senses, than means to further mans good. Yet because the cu∣stom of times, and opinion of men, and a certain curious and affected skill hath given esteem and name of Art unto such superfluous curiosities, we will not utterly passe them by, the rather, because all of them being used with moderation, by understanding men, and for good ends, they may deservedly have both approbation and commendation. The first of these, is the skill of Cookery, for the exquisite pleasing of the Palate: unto which kind of men, some have been so addicted, that it is storyed of a certain Prince, that he proposed a great reward, to every man that should invent a new conceited Dish: And the Sybarites were famous in this kind, who bid their guests a year before the Feast, and so long were catering for dainties. It is a Proverb amongst the Jewes, Qui multiplicat carnes, multiplicat ver∣mes: and most true is it, that he that dayly feedeth his body, is but a Cook to dress meat for wormes. Painting, Carving, and Imbroidering, serve to please another sense, the Sight, and therefore is a more ingenious de∣light: and in this kind some have been so excellent and renowned, as that they have been numbred amongst men of admirable wisdome; as Apelles, Phidias, Polycletus, and others, whose works have deserved immor∣tall reputation, and some of their Master-peeces have been prised beyond belief. All these have sundry Instruments, which may be (and doubtless have been) borne in Coat-armour; but because they are not usuall, I will refer them to each mans own observation; and will give instance in the last of this kind of Arts of delight, which we call, playing; which compre∣hendeth either Theatricall recreation, or other Games whatsoever.

And forasmuch as their first institution was good, and that they are in themselves the commendable exercises, either of the body, or of wit and invention; and if there be in them any evill, it is not in them per se, but per accidens, because they are abused by those that do practise and exer∣cise them; I have thought good to annex them unto the same: such are Tables-playing, Chesse, Dice, Racket, Balloone, &c. The things wherewith these Games are practised, are borne in Coat-armour, as by these examples following may appear.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three paire of Playing-Tables, Argent, bordured, Or, pointed and garnished with∣in of the first, by the name of Pegresse. Recreations which are Honest, are as necessary for the mind which is imployed in great affaires, and cares of impor∣tance, as meat is for the body which is exhausted with dayly Labour: and therefore of all men living, States∣men and Students, are to be borne with, if they are more addicted to the refreshing of their minds sur∣charged with meditation, than other sorts of men.

But the play at Tables is not held so fitting for the Female Sex, thereby they learn to beare a M••n more than they should.

* 1.986

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fesse between three Chesse-Rooks, Or, by the name of Bodenham. It seemeth these were at first called Rookes, for being the defence of all the rest, and therefore they stand in the uttermost corners of the Chessboard, as frontier Castles. This is a game of noble exercise for the mind, as requiring much forecast and understanding. King William the Conqueror was much addicted to this delight, and lost great Lordships at this play. And indeed were it not too serious a recreation, and going beyond the na∣ture of Games, it might well beseem a King, because therein are compri∣sed all the stratagems of War, or plots of Civill states.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Dice, Sable, each charged with an Ace, Argent, by the name of Ambesace; as appear∣eth by an old Roule late in the hands of Master Starky deceased. There is no successfull event of Dicing, none prosperous or fortunate, but all ominous and lamentable: for he that loseth is tormented, and he that winneth is enticed, and tolled on, untill he be entrapped or insnared in some wily or dangerous plot.

If a man play at Dice, and depart a Winnor, let him try his fortunes again, he shall be sure to lose. If a man win, his gains is wasted by giving away here and there to standers by, and to the Butlers Box, but let him lose never so much, there is none that will afford him one jot of restitution.

In this kind of play, many men do over-shoot themselves, and commit such errours for the losse of a little mony, as otherwise they would not for great sums be hired to do.

In this Game all manner of vices, especially those of covetousnesse and swearing, do predominate and bear chief sway. Neverthelesse many men observing the casuall chance of the Dice, out of a covetous desire of gain, and not being rightly informed of the use of this our mortall life, do with vehemency prosecute their insatiable thirst and desire of gain, as if that were the only scope whereto they ought to direct all their actions of this life; whose folly, or rather extream madnesse is lively expressed in the book of Wisdome, 15.12. But they counted our life a pastime, and our time here a market for gain: For (say they) we must be getting every way, though it be by evill means.

To conclude; the Hazard of Dice playing (according to Petrarch) is an huge and insatiable gulfe, a dreadfull and suddain Consumption of Pa∣trimonies and Inheritances; a Tempest of Wind; a Cloud of fame; a Spur to wickednesse, and the road-way to desperation: And howsoever other re∣creations are sports, yet this is nothing but meer grief and vexation of mind.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent,* 1.987 a Chevron betweene three Dice, Sable, each one charged with a Cinque of the first. This Coate is quartered by Master Fitz-Williams of Malton. This is the game of Fortune, and Fortunes children. The square, which alwayes falleth right howsoever it be cast, is the Embleme of constancy, but the uncertainty of the Picks, is the very Type of incon∣stancy and mutability. He that layes his estate on the Eyes of these Dice, will leave a small estate for his owne Eyes to look on.

To this chapter may be referred all other games; as the Racket, and that of Iacobus Medices, Generall to Charles the fifth, whose Device was a Ball with two Balloones, with this word, PERCVSSVS ELEVOR, The harder I am stricken, the higher I mount. And this may serve for conclu∣sion of all Arts and professions civill, whether Liberall, or Illiberall, neces∣sary or delightfull whatsoever.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XIII.

WHat manifold variety of Coate-Armours (consisting of things Artifi∣ciall) is borowed from the severall Dignities, Arts, and Exercises of men of civill life and condition, the foregoing Tracts and Examples have sufficiently declared. There now remaine such Artificials as are in use a∣mongst men of Military Profession, with which we will shut up this whole Section of things Artificiall. By things Military, I understand all such as doe pertaine to the use and exercise of Martiall Discipline and Service: whereof some doe serve for Order, some for Execution of Order. Of the first kinde are those things which are for direction in Marchings, Encampings, Arisings, Assaults, Retraits, &c. and such are the Banner-Royall, the Standard, Guidon, Penon, Cornet, &c. For albeit it be true, that L••ges silent inter Arma, Lawes cannot be heard amongst clashing of Weapons; yet without certaine Lawes of Discipline and Order, it is impossible for any Martiall Attempt to be successefull. And therefore this is reckoned as Han∣nibals highest glory, that being Captaine of an Armie consisting of men of so sundry Nations and Conditions, he notwithstanding kept them all under quiet Discipline: the want whereof hath commonly been the cause, when any great designe hath proved unprosperous.

The valiant Zisca, being starke blind, yet sitting in the middest of his Armie, whiles they were in any pitched Field with the Enemies, gave such directions upon all occasions, as that his Armie was ever Victorious. And Caesar was in this kind so fortunate, that he fought fifty pitched Fields with honour; wherein he alone surpassed the valourous Marcus Marcellus, who is sayd to have been forty times save one in the Field. And requisite is it in matters of so high nature, as are decided by wars, an exqusite care both in directing and obeying, should be observed, because it hath often happened, that the neglect or mistaking of some one small circumstance hath beene the overthrow of whole Armies, and all the States thereon depen∣ding.

And sithence we are about to treate of such Artificials as are in use a∣mongst men of military profession, I hold it not impertinent to discourse a

little of Military lawes; and some observations concerning Battels and Ar∣mies, beginning with such military lawes and discipline as were divulged to the Israelites, in the beginning of the second month of the second year, after their comming out of Aegypt.

The all-powerfull and most provident God, and wise disposer of all things; having made speciall choice of a people selected out of all the Na∣tions of the World for his own peculiar service, and minding to exercise them under many afflictions to prove what was in their hearts (to the end they might have a feeling sense of his Almighty presence, and ready deliverance at all seasons, out of all their calamities, that so he might humble them, and make them meet for himself) he did not presently lead them into the Land of Promise, so soon as he had brought them out of the Aegyptians servitude; but led them to and fro in the Wildernesse, by the space of forty years, keeping them in continuall exercise, to prove their faith, and to bring them out of liking with this World, and to learn them to depend wholly upon his divine providence; and in all their ne∣cessities to rest solely upon him, and to seek their comfort and relief from him onely.

This most gracious God, having a tender care of these his people, and fore-seeing in his divine providence how needfull discipline was, for the ordering and conducting of so huge and populous a multitude, in a pas∣sage so long, and withall, so full of perils; and knowing that all Civill Di∣scipline consisted in commanding and obeying, prescribed to his servant Moses a regular form of government, whereby he might contain them in their severall offices and duties.

First, he commanded Moses to number the Israelites, saying, Take yee the sum of all the Congregation of the children of Israel, &c. Num. 1.2.

And then, having given Moses and Aaron generall directions for the marshalling and ordering the whole Army of the Israelites, he saith, Num. 2.2. Every man of the children of Israel shall camp by his Standard, and under the ensigne of their fathers house: far off about the Tabernacle of the Congregation shall they pitch.

* 1.988

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

And on the East side toward the rising of the Sun, shall they of the Standard of the Campe of Judah pitch, throughout their Armies: and Naashon the son of Am∣minadab shall be Captain of the Children of Judah. And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them were threescore and fourteen thousand, and six hundred.

* 1.989And those that do pitch next unto him, shall be the Tribe of Issachar: and Nethaneel the son of Zuar, shall be Captain of the Children of Issachar.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred thereof, were fifty and and four thousand, and four hundred. Then the Tribe of Zebulun: and Eliab the son of He∣lon shall be Captain of the children of Zebulun.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred thereof, were fifty and seven thou∣sand and four hundred.

All that were numbred in the Campe of Judah, were an hundred, fourescore and six thousand and four hundred, throughout their Armies: These shall first set forth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

On the South side shall be the Standard of the Camp of Reuben, according to their Armies:* 1.990 and the Captain of the Children of Reuben shall be Elizur the son of She∣deur.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred thereof, were forty and six thousand, and five hundred.

And those that pitch by him, shall be the Tribe of Si∣meon: and the Captain of the Children of Simeon shall be Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were fifty and nine thousand, and three hundred.

Then the Tribe of Gad: and the Captain of the sons of Gad, shall be Eliasaph the son of Reuel.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were forty and five thou∣sand, and six hundred and fifty.

And that were numbred in the Camp of Reuben, were an hundred thousand, and fifty and one thousand, and foure hundred and fifty throughout their Ar∣mies: and they set forth in the second rank.

Then the Tabernacle of the Congregation shall set forward, with the Camp of the Levites, in the middest of the camp: as they encamp, so shall they set for∣ward, every man in his place by their Standards.

On the West side shall be the Standard of the Camp of

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Ephraim, according to their Armies:* 1.991 and the Captain of the sons of Ephraim shall be Elishama the son of Am∣mihud.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were forty thousand and five hundred.

And by him shall be the Tribe of Manasseh: and the Captain of the Children of Manasseh, shall be Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were thirty and two thousand, and two hundred.

Then the tribe of Benjamin: and the Captain of the sons of Benjamin, shall be Abidan the son of Gideoni.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were thirty and five thousand, and foure hundred.

All that were numbred of the Camp of Ephraim, were an hundred thousand, and eight thousand and an hundred throughout their Armies: And they shall go forward in the third rank.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Standard of the Camp of Dan;* 1.992 shal be on the North∣side by their Armies: and the Captain of the children of Dan, shal be Ahiezur the son of Ammishaddai.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were threescore and two thousand, and seven hundred.

And those that encamp by him, shall be the Tribe of Asher: and the Captain of the children of Asher shall be Pagiel the son of Ocran.

And his hoste and those that were numbred of them, were forty and one thousand, and five hundred.

Then the Tribe of Naphtali: and the Captain of the children of Naphtali, shall be Ahira the son of Enan.

And his hoste, and those that were numbred of them, were fifty and three thou∣sand, and foure hundred.

All they that were numbred in the Camp of Dan, were an hundred thousand, and fifty and seven thousand and six hundred: they shall go hindmost with their Standards.

Here have we in this second Chapter of Numbers, an uncontroulable warrant pronounced by the mouth of Almighty God, for the use of two sorts of Ensigns, the one generall being in number four, onely ordained for the leading and direction of the four Regiments (as I may so call them.) And the other particular, serving for the demonstration of the se∣veral families and for the distinguishing of the particular persons of each family for the more commodious distributing of them into bands: a thing most behovefull for the bestowing and conducting of so huge a mul∣titude, considering how many thousand of persons, were comprised in, and under every of the above named Regiments: So as it is most cleare, that those are no lesse requisite (in their kind) than the former in theirs, for the more orderly and effectuall managing of this military expedition of so long a continuance, and withall subjected to infinite dangers.

As touching the Tokens or Signes used in the generall standards, we have shewed what they were after the opinion of Martinus Borhaus (who differeth from Speed) his very words you may read in the first Chapter, and first Section of this Book.

* 1.993But sithence here is mention made of signes pertaining to particular fa∣milies and persons, it may perhaps be questioned what these Signs were? whereto I answer, that they must of necessity be Signa existentium in re∣rum natura, because there cannot be a representation of things that are not. If then they consisted of the similitude of the things in Essence, or be∣ing, no doubt they were such as not onely the skilfuller sort, but the vul∣gar also (through frequent use and custom) did well know by their day∣ly sight and use of them: As being the expresse portraictures either of Ce∣lestial Bodyes, as of the Sun, Moon, Stars, &c. Or of things Sublunar, as Me∣teors fiery, Meteors watery, whereof we have before spoken in their due places: Or else of vegetable, as Trees, Shrubs, Plants, Fruits, Herbs, Flowers, &c. Or else they were resemblances of sensitive creatures; As of Man, Beasts, Fowles, Fishes, Reptiles: Or else of Instruments, or Tooles of familiar use in the exercise of Mechanicall Trades, pertaining to life Civil, or Ru∣stick. Which in respect of their common and ordinary use were best known to men, and therefore served most fitly for notes or marks, or pre∣cise differencing of each particular family and person from other.

When a King or Prince do enter the field to give battell to their enemies, it behoveth that he be strongly fenced of the Army, both before and behind, and that he have his being near the great standard, in the heart of the bat∣tell, for the more safety of his person, and that he may the better give di∣rections upon all occasions to the whole Army, as the necessity of the ser∣vice shall require.

* 1.994It is a thing very dangerous for a King, Prince, or other General, or what∣soever other their great Commander, to be over-forward or venturous to encounter his enemy in battell in his own person: It sufficeth such to command▪ and to give direction, and never to hazard their persons in battell. But if he must needs put his person upon the jeopardy of the un∣certain and dangerous events of a Battell, it behoveth that he deferre

the same to the last conflict; for that upon the safety of his person, de∣pendeth the hopefull good successe of the batell, and the safety of the whole Army.

Besides so long as the Chief Commander is in life and safety; albeit he be foyled and discomfited: yet may he repaire his forces, and subdue him by whom he was foyled: but his person being either slaine or surprised, there is no hope of recovery.

Upon the first Display of the Banner of a King or Prince,* 1.995 or of their gene∣rall or chiefe Commander; it behoveth that some discreet and ancient Counsellor should make knowne publikely the cause why those warres were undertaken, to the intent the same may be knowne to be grounded upon lawfull cause; and that the King or Prince doth not rashly attempt the same, but that he doth it in a lawfull quarrell and upon just cause.

Which done, then should he command the chief Herald to unrole and Display the said Banner, and deliver it to him that is appointed to bear the same (who before he take the same, must receive the order of Knight-hood, if he be not before Knighted) with a straight charge and command to hold the same fast, and to maintain the honour thereof, even with the extream hazard of his life; and thereupon to advance the same in the Name of God, the sole Author and giver of all victory.

Like as the lawes of Civil Magistracy and government were ordained by God, so also were military Lawes and ordinances grounded upon his express commandement uttered by the mouth of the Prophets and Priests. As you may see particularly, for the exhortation of Priests, Deut. 20.1, 2. and of other Officers, Deut. 20.5. and Jud. 7.3. besides, military lawes for Fight, Num. 21.21. that the conditions of peace must be offered, Deut. 20.11, 12, &c. for spoyle, 20.19. and the division thereof, 1 Sam. 30.26, &c. 1 Chron. 26.27. Josh. 22.8. 2 Chron. 28.15. for Victory; that it is the du∣ty of Captains and their Armies (after victory obtained) to ascribe the whole glory thereof to God, and with one heart and one voice to magni∣fie his most glorious Majesty by the example of Judas Maccabeus. Thus they went home and sung Psalms, and praysed the Lord in Heaven, for he is gracious, ann his mercy endureth for ever, 1 Maccab. 4.24.

The skilfull managing of military affaires is a kind of Art; neither doth the publick profession of the name of a Souldier, nor yet his lofty coun∣tenance or change of habit forthwith make a man a Souldier, it is a mat∣ter of greater consequence, and of no lesse secrecy; for a Souldier is to be confident in that he undertaketh, and to wage battell with an assured hope of victory, and to retire himself and his forces (if the necessity of the cause so require) without fear of reproach or danger. For as the common proverb saith, A more valorous man is he that wisely flieth, than he that foolish∣ly exposeth himself to adventure and hazard, Periti enim bellatoris est non mi∣nus scire fugiendi artem, quam pugnandi; for it is a matter of no great diffi∣culty to draw men on to fight, but if the Captain in his providence whilst they be in action, shall discover some unexpected disadvantage or damage that may befall him and his band, and can wisely retire himself with honour and with safety of his souldiers, he sheweth himself both valorous in his encounter, and wise in his retreat.

The greatest victories have not been gotten by handy-strokes alwayes, but many times for safegard of the effusion of blood, either the one part, or the other devised some witty unexpected suddain policy or Stratagem, to

astonish the adverse part; that so they might suddenly slaughter them, or put them to shamefull flight. Large is the field of Stratagems which every Commander hath by particular invention; neither hath there beene more victories or trophees gained by any one meanes than by these Stratagems. Whatsoever commeth beyond expectation maketh a disturbance or a∣mazment in the Enemy: but it must be wrought with this caution, that it be no disturbance to our selves.

Neither is every slight invention fit to be put in practice, but such onely as have foresight and circumspection annexed to them. He must be Argus that is a Generall or chief Commander, he must be eyed, behind, before, in his head, in his feet; and then shall all things be easily disposed according to Order, and take good effect, when orderly distribution, and provi∣dence, and premeditation, have made way thereto.

It is not the length of a mans age, or the number of yeares, that yeeld∣eth the Art or Skill of managing Military affaires, but a continuall medi∣tation, how he may encounter all occurrents and put them in exercise and practise: for if a man receive never so many stipends, yet is the un∣exercised man still but a freshwater Souldier notwithstanding.

There were in former Ages two sorts of dismission, or discharge from military service, the one named ignominiosa, that is to say, opprobrious or in∣famous; as when a Souldier for some notorious crime was discharged from his service, and disgracefully put out of pay and place, as for sloth∣fullnesse, cowardize, forsaking of his Captaine or such like, then he was by the Tribune dismissed of his place, and branded with the marke of infamy and reproach, if he were so by the Tribune discharged, and deprived of his Military ornaments.

The other was called Causaria missio, as much to say as an occasionall dismission or discharge, grounded upon good and lawfull cosiderations: as when in regard of debility, by reason of Age or Sicknesse, Wounds or other infirmities possessing a man; he was licenced to depart to his home, and those that were thus dismissed, did most commonly dedicate their Shields, Swords and Armour, Laribus suis, to their houshold-Gods, as the hea∣then termed them, by hanging them up upon the Walls in some chief or speciall place or roome of their house, for a memoriall of their service per∣formed in defence of their friends and Country.

* 1.996Martiall men are evermore in perill and hazard of life, in regard of their light esteeme of the manifold varietyes, casualties and dangerous events of Warres, whereunto they do evermore expose themselves; for fortune thundereth not her perils more abundantly upon any sort of men, than upon those that set her at naught, such are high spirited and valourous men. And not without cause, for as others do labour to shelter them∣selves from danger, and do shunne the violence thereof; these contrari∣wise do lay open themselves to the utmost hazard that may befall them.

Call to mind the forpassed ages, and examine them to the point, and you shall find that the valiantest men (for the mast part) have beene swallowed up with a violent death. Victory doth oftentimes make men swell with pride, and to insult over others, and provoke them to their own destruction, as we may see 2 Kings 14.8. Where Amaziah sum∣moned the son of Jehoahaz King of Israel to single combate, saying, Come let us look one another in the face. Who answered him, Because thou hast smitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted thee up: glory of this and tarrie at home:

for why shouldest thou meddle to thy hurt, that thou shouldest fall, even thou and Judah with thee?

Some men are of opinion, that such as are vanquished in Battell,* 1.997 ought not to be captivated to such as had subdued them, unless the wars were just and lawfull, as Doctor Casius hath observed, but Borreus holdeth that, albeit the ground or cause of the wars that are undertaken be unjust; yet is it not simply unjust, that such as are vanquished in battell, should be subjected under the power of the vanquisher; Quia legislatoris intentio est, ut v••rius vincentis sic honoretur: The purpose of the Law-maker was that the valour of the vanquisher should be so rewarded. Besides, it is no ig∣nominious thing for a man to be subdued by a man accounted of valour, according to that saying, Non tam turpe est vinei, quam contendisse gloriosum; It is not reckoned a matter so reproachfull to be subdued, as it is honou∣rable to have coaped with a magnanimous and valiant man.

Many men are remunerated for the vertues that are found in them, or for the externall tokens of vertue that are observed in their outward car∣riage Hereupon is that law grounded, Quod capti bello victoribus subservi∣ant, not for that the Conquerors are alwayes the better men, but in re∣gard that in them the signes and tokens of vertue and valour, are more apparent than in those that are subdued.

It is a just dominion or superiority,* 1.998 and agreeable to the order of Na∣ture, that the more powerfull should predominate over the weaker sort. And the lawes do seem to approve the same, Cum velint victum captum in bello victoris servum fieri.

It is a Law of perpetuity (saith Zenophon) observed amongst men, that when a Town or City, that held out the Assailants, is surprised, whatsoever is found therein, is due to them that took the same, as well the persons as their whole substance, whose opinion herein Aristotle followeth Polit. 40. And Saint Ambrose, lib. 1. de Patriarch, writeth, that the prey of the King of Sodome was in like sort in the power of Abraham that conquered him.

This custom hath been also observed, that to aske leave to bury the slain in the time of open hostility, and whilst men are in Armes in the field, or depart the Field after battell, is a kind of yeelding of victory: for it be∣seemeth not them that wan the Battell to seek any thing of the enemy by way of intreaty. Like as also the unwillingnesse to joyne battell, and protraction or delay of battell was taken for a yeilding of victory.

And now we will begin with examples of bearing such things in Coat-Armour, whereby Martiall Discipline and Order, which we have now dis∣coursed of, are preserved; whereof some are for shew, other for sound.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Jupiter, three Banners disvellopped, in Bend, Sol. Virgilius Solis noteth this for the Armes of the Kingdome of Baldachia. Disvellopping is the proper term for spreading or displaying of this Martiall Ensign, as Wyrley noteth, in the life and death of the Capitoll de Bur, saying, With threatning Axe in hand, I was at hand; And my disvellopped Penon me before, &c.

Very behovefull are these ensignes for every parti∣cular band of Foot and troop of Horse, to the end they may know whither to draw together in expectance of the command of their Captain for the performance of all occasions; and that they may by them be directed after any conflict or skirmish, whither

to retire themselves without danger: they also serve for the manifest distinguishing of Bands and Companies. And by these they are all directed in their services, as a Ship is guided through the forcible and violent sur∣ges of the Seas, by the benefit of her Helme, and a skilfull Pilot guiding the same.

The Ensigns that the Romans anciently used, were of divers shapes; the Eagle fixed on the top of a pike or pole, was the chief: but that they had Pennons or Flags also, appeareth by Lazius, who saith they were cal∣led vexilla, à velis navium, from the Sails of Ships, which they resembled, being so named, tanquam minus velum, as it were a little Saile.

* 1.999

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, foure Spears in Bend, garnished with Penoncels dexter-wayes, counterly surmounted of as many other like, Argent. This Coat is borne quarterly by Lazarus van Schwendi, a Dutchman. These Penoncels made of certain small pieces of Taffata or Sarcenet, cut after the form of a Pennon, wherewith Martiall men do oftentimes adorne their Spears and Launces, which albeit of themselves they be things of no moment, yet do they very often (like as also Ban∣ners do) astonish the Enemy through their continu∣all motion, forasmuch as they are evermore wafting and wavering in the wind, whereby they do so occupy the enemies eye, as that it breedeth a terror in the mind of their foes, through a conceived opinion that those that come against them (being all troops of Horsemen that use this kind of Spear) are of a far greater number than indeed they are, as Wyrley in his said book noteth, saying,

To Cockerell ward we light into the way, Where we beheld the Foe-mates proud display; So many Banners wafting in the Aire, They seemed twice the number that they were.

These foresaid Instruments serve for direction and order to the eye, and by shew. To these Ensigns thus borne in the Field, in time of battell, either expected or acted, we may adde this known Ensign of premonstration of eminent hostile invasion, which is the fired Beacon, which giveth a sud∣dain warning of instant intended attempt or invasion of enemies, the no∣tice whereof giveth occasion of the firing of the Beacon, whereupon a Gen∣tleman of good reputation chose to bear for his Imprese, upon a mount a Beacon fired with this Motto annexed, Sic periisse juvat; meaning to die for his Countries safety was his desire. The bearing in Armes of three of these fired Beacons appeareth in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Beacons fired, Or, the flames proper, by the name of Dauntre. As touching the name of Beacons, it seemeth to be a Saxon word derived from the Saxon word, Becuian, which signifieth to call by sign or to becken, as we use the word at this day, and therefore are they called Beacons. Before the time of King Edward the third, they were made of great Stacks of wood, but about the eleventh year of his reign, he ordained that there should be in the County of Kent, high Standards with their pitch pans on the top of them. Lamberts perambulation of Kent, page 69. Now I will

present to your view, some examples of the bearing in Coat-Armour such Military instruments, which direct more distinctly by sound.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Drum in Fesse, between three Drum-sticks erected, Argent. The Drum is of frequent use (with divers Nations) in the Field. The Parthians for this purpose have great Kettle Drums, hollow within, and about them they do hang little Bels and Copper-rings, all which sounding together do make a noise much like a dead sound mingled with the bray∣ing and bellowing of a wild beast. This Instrument as it serves for direction, so likewise is it of use in drow∣ning the fearfull cries of wounded and dying men, lest that ghastly noise should daunt the hearts of the Souldiers. Zisca that renowned Captain of the Bohemians, being sick to death, willed his Soul∣diers to pluck off his Skin and to make a Drum of it, assuring them that when their enemies should hear the sound of it, they would flie before their face.

There is manifold uses of the Drum, Fife, Trumpet, and other musicall instruments used in martiall affaires, in as much as they serve not onely for the direction of Companies and Troops, but also of the whole Army in their marchings, encampings, risings, assaults, retraits, &c. but also to dead and drown the cryes of the maymed and wounded; and to stir up valour and courage in the Souldiers to the fierce encountring and as∣saulting of the Enemy: and for these ends was the use of them ordained in wars, to which purpose do these Instruments much availe, Sonus enim cornuum & Tubarum (in preliis) magnam vim habet ad spiritus, & sanguinem evocandum. For it is not with men, as it is with beasts, which can stir up courage in themselves, as I have before shewed: for men in respect of fear and faint courage, are hardly provoked to fight, therefore had they need to be drawn on and provoked thereto.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron engrailed,* 1.1000 between three Trumpets, Sable, by the name of Thunder. This Coat-Armour standeth in a Glasse window in Saint Pe∣ters Church in Drogheda in Ireland. God himself vouch-safed to give direction to Moses for the ma∣king of this kind of Instrument, saying, Make thee two Trumpets of silver, of an whole piece shalt thou make them, that thou maist use them for the assembly of the Congregation, and for the departure of the Camp: Num. 10.12. and Ibid. 14. But if ye blow an Alarum, then the Camp of them that pitch on the East part shall go forward. Ibid. 15. If ye blow an Alarum the se∣cond time, then the hoste of them that lye on the South side shall march, for they shall blow an Alarum when they remove. So that the sound of the Trumpet, is but as the loud and far-reaching voice of the Generall: and though the Trumpet fight not, yet it doth more than many others, because it encou∣rageth them to the fight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Greenvile Knight, a worthy Son of so noble a Father as was Sir Bevill Greenvile: This with the Armes of Ʋlster, is like∣wise the bearing of Sir Richard Greenvile, Knight and Baronet, and is thus blazoned, He bears Gules, three Clarions, Or. They are sometime described Rests, but whether they be understood to be the Rudder, or from the name to be a thing whereon to rest their Lances, I know not, but am rather induced to believe them instruments used in Battell and Tournaments as we do Trumpets, for I find Robert Consuls Coat, base Son to H nry the first, blazoned, Clarions, of these very colours; And in many old De∣scriptions of tilting, we find the Knights to come in with Clarions soun∣ding before them.

* 1.1001

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Flutes in Bend, Argent. This Instrument seemeth to have been invented, for the quiet setling and composing the Souldiers minds before the fight: and some such did the L••cedemoni∣ans use who (saith Plutarch) being ready to joyn bat∣tell, did first Sacrifice, and then all adorned with Gar∣lands sung a Martiall Song, their King marching with the whole Army in admirable quiet and composed or∣der. But the Syba••i••es were not so happy in the use of such musick; for themselves being altogether gi∣ven to wantonnesse and pleasure, all their Gentry taught their Horses to daunce at the sound of Musicall Instruments; which their enemies ha∣ving notice of being then in the Field and ready to joyne, they comman∣ded a noise of Musick in the front of the Army to sound; whereupon the Sybarites Horses fell all a dauncing, and overthrew their Riders, whereby their enemies departed Conquerors. And thus much for Instruments of Military Order, either for Eye or Eare.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XIV.

THE next are such things as serve for execution of order, which is the finall end for which Military profession is instituted, viz. propul∣sation or revenge of wrong, or for foiling the wrong-doer, refusing to give satisfaction to the party grieved: and as in the Law politick, so in this Law military, Execution is reckoned the soul thereof. To the accomplishment of Execution of order, sundry sorts of weapons are requisite: some Inva∣sive or Offensive, others defensive; the one to protect our selves, the other to impeach our foes: and of these Invasives, will we speak in the first place; beginning with those which we call M••ssilia, such as are cast or forced by strength of hand, or slight of Ingine, and after we will come to such as are manuall, or managed with the hand.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent,* 1.1002 a Culvering dismounted in Fesse, Sable, by the name of Leigh. Before the inventi∣on of Guns, many sorts of weapons, as well Invasive as Defensive, were devised, which (saith Munster) by the space of every hundred years have admitted alte∣ration twice or thrice, like as also the Armour where∣with our bodies are covered and fenced. But one saith that it was the Devill himself who invented this hel∣lish Instrument for confusion of man-kind. Indeed it was a Monke who first invented Gunpowder: and I have read, that the first founder of these huge great Peeces, was himself slain with the breaking of one of them. A certain Captain was wont to call the mouth of the great Gun, Hell-mouth, and said that he who trembled not when one of them thundred, did fear neither God nor the De∣vill.

There are divers sorts of these kind of Guns, but I shall onely shew you an example of bearing of one other sort of them called Chambers; of which you may here see three borne with an interposition of one ordinary sur∣mounted of another between them.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Cheuron, Sable, surmoun∣ted of another, Ermine, between three Chambers,* 1.1003 pla∣ced transverse the Escocheon of the second, fired, Pro∣per, by the name of Chambers.

Whether the invention hereof were behovefull and necessary; or (as others reckon it) most pernicious and devillish, I will not take upon to dispute, but refer you to Sebastian Munster lib. 3. of his Cosmogra∣phy, where he maketh mention of Bertholdus Swartz, the Monk that first devised them, Anno Dom. 1354.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, three Murthering chain-shots,* 1.1004 Topaz. This Coat-armour is borne by the Right Ho∣nourable the Earle of Cumberland, next to his Pater∣••all Coat; and it is thought to be an augmentation. Some have taken these to be the heads of Clubs called Holy-water sprincles; other suppose them to be Bals of Wild-fire; I rather think them to be some murdering chain-shot. Amadaeus Duke of Savoy gave two Staves topt with wild-fire, with this word, JACTAE CRESCIMUS.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Sable, three Ogresses,* 1.1005 or Pellets in Chief, proper, by the name of Langley.

There I tell not the Colour of these Ogresses or Pel∣lets, because they be alwayes Sable, as shall be more plainly shewed in the conclusion of this fourth Se∣ction.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Sable, two Pellets in chief, and one Martlet of the second in Base. This is the Coat-armour of Henry Lee, one of the Captains of the City of London: how proper it is for a martiall Commander to bear in his Armoriall ensignes such military Instruments, I shall not need to prove by strength of Argument, Dum res ipsa loquitur.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Fesse, Gules, between two Matches kindled, Proper, a Martlet, Or. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Family of Leete of Bury Saint Edmonds, in the County of Suffolk. To this head must be referred all other the Appurtenances of great and small Ordnance, as Scowpes, Ladles, Spunges, Flasques, Touch-boxes, &c.

* 1.1006

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Swepe, Azure, charged with a Stone, Or, by the name of Magnall. This was an En∣gine of war, in fashion seeming like to that which the Brewers use to draw water withall, and therefore we call it a Swepe as they do. With this Engine they used in ancient time to throw great Stones into the Towns and fortifications of the enemy. Some such Instrument did Ʋzziah King of Jerusalem use among many others for the defence of the City against the assaults of the Philistims, as appeareth where it is said, And he made very artificiall Engines in Jerusalem, to be set upon the Towers, and upon the Corners, to shoot Arrowes and Stones, &c. These are called En∣gines for the ingenious and witty inventions of them; wherein former ages were so exquisite, as that Archimede could draw up the enemies Ships from the Water.

* 1.1007

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, three Battering Rams, Barre-wayes, Proper, headed, Saphire, Armed and garnished, Topaz. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Robert Berty, Earle of Lindsey, Ba∣ron Willoughby of Eresby, Lord Great Chamberlain of England, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Gar∣ter, and one of his Majesties most honourable Privie Councell. This Battering Ram was a warlike Instru∣ment much used by the Romans when they besieged any City or hold, with purpose to surprise them. Such an Engine (amongst divers others) did Titus Vespatianus erect against the City of Jerusalem, which were by Josephus and his associates consu∣med with fire. Such is the force of this Engine as that there is no Tower so strong, or circuit of a City so spacious, but if that they resist the first brunt thereof, through often use they will be subverted.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, a Crosse-bow, bent in Pale,* 1.1008 Gules, by the name of Arblaster, quasi Arcubalista. This Instrument Military (saith Polydor) was first de∣vised by the Cretians. And in former ages was called in Latine S orpio, and out of this they used to shoot stones, as Ammianus Marcellinus noteth, saying, Et Scorpiones quocunque manus perite duxissent, rotundos Lapides evibrabant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Ermine, three long Bowes bent in Pale, Gules, by the name of Bowes, and of Sir Thomas Bowes. This kind of Bowe is called in Latine Arcus, ab arcen∣do, of keeping the enemy aloof, and not permit∣ting him to approach near to us, by darting (as it were) out of the arrowes, whereby we do gall, wound or kill them afar off. This is a Military In∣strument of the missile sort, and that not of the mea∣nest rank, if we considerately peruse the Histories of former ages, for we shall find more set battels fought, and famous victories atchieved by English men with bowes and arrowes, than any Nation of Christendome hath obtained by any one Instrument whatsoever, without exception. But this weapon alone sufficeth not of it self to perform any action, but with the Arrowes assistance, whereof you have an example in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Arrowes. Or, Feathe∣red and headed Argent, which is the Coat of that worthy and ancient Family of Hales of Kent, now flourishing in the persons of that Honourable Gen∣tleman Sir Edward Hales of Tunstall in Kent, Baronet, Robert Hales of the Court of Chancery, and o∣thers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three broad Arrowes, Argent. The Arrowe is called in Latine Sagitta (as some do conceit it) quasi satis ictus, for that it annoyeth and galleth the enemy far enough off, so as he cannot approach the Archer to endamage him, because by the smart deli∣very of the Bow, the enemy is put to hazard a great way off: others would have it called (and not unapt∣ly) quod Sagax sic ictus ejus: for that the same being directed by the hand of a cunning and skilfull Archer doth cleave the pinne or mark oftentimes in two, though the same be but of a small scantling.

The Arrow is reckoned one of the number of weapons destinated to avengement, as appeareth, Deut. 32.42. I will make mine Arrowes drunk with bloud (and my sword shall eat flesh) for the bloud of the slain, and of the Captains, when I begin to take vengeance of the Enemy.

Sometimes you shall find both these martiall weapons borne together in one Escocheon, as in this next appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Sable, two long bowes bent in Pale, the strings counterposed, Or, between as many sheaves of Ar∣rowes, Banded, Argent. This Coat standeth in Kirton Church in Devonshire. This sort of bearing may sig∣nifie a man resolved to abide the utermost hazard of battell, and to that end hath furnished himself to the full, as well with Instruments of ejaculation, as also of retention. The Bow and Arrows in former ages, have won more glory to this Kingdome than any other sort of Souldiery whatsoever, as the renowned Victories obtained in France do well testifie. There is yet another form of bearing of Arrows diverse from these, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, A Quiver, Gules, banded and replenished with Arrows, Or, between three Pheons, Sable. This Coat is quartered by Loyd of Hollyrood Ampney, in the County of Glocester. It was a custom amongst the Persians when they went to warfare, every man to cast an Arrow into a Chest, ordained for that purpose, and placed before the Throne of their King: and at their return, every one to take his own Shaft, that so by the number of Arrows re∣maining, the number of the deceased might be cer∣tainly known.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, two Bars, Sable, on a Can∣ton of the second, a Pheon of the first. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of Sir John Bingley Knight, in the Reign of King James, Auditor of his then Ma∣jesties Receipts in the Exchequer.

The Pheon is the head of an Instrument of the Mis∣sile sort, which we call a Dart, the same being a long and light Staff, headed after this manner, and having a Thong fastened to the midst thereof, for the more sleighty and strong forcing the same against the ene∣my, to keep or annoy him afar off. This is called in Latine Jaculum, quia è longinquo jaciatur: it pierceth speedily, and maketh a large wound, by reason of the wide spreading barbs thereof. The bearing of Pheons is both ancient and commendable.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse between three Pheons, Sable, by the name of Rowdon, or Raudon (for I find it written both ways, and that anciently.) This is a Yorkshire Family, and was resident at Raw∣don, or Roudon, as appeareth by divers Deeds in the time of Richard the second, Henry the sixth, and Henry the eighth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Argent, on a Fesse, Gules, between three Pheons, Sable, a Lyon passant, Or. This is the Coat-Armour of Marmaduke Rowdon, one of the Cap∣tains of the City of London. And now this next ex∣ample will shew you a Charge somewhat like unto this Pheon, yet differeth it much from it in name, and in the fashion also, if you observe it with a cu∣rious eye, as it well becommeth a good Blazoner to do.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, on a Cheuron, Argent, three bar∣bed Arrow-heads, Sable, by the name of Kemis of Wick∣wick, in Glocestershire.

And hitherto of Missils: we now come to Manu∣als. Weapons Manual, are so called, because manu tractantur, they are managed by the hand; when by the use of them we do assaile our foes, or put away profered wrong, by encountering or grapling with them at handy strokes. Such are these that follow, and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Sword in Pale, Sable, by the name of Dymock. The Sword is a Weapon fitted for execution and vengeance; as we may see Deut. 32.41. If I whet my glittering Sword, and mine hand take hold on judgment, I will render vengeance to mine ene∣mies, and will reward them that hate me. Furthermore it is said, Jer. 46.10. For the Sword shall devour, and it shall be satiated and made drunk with their blood, for the Lord God of Hostes hath a Sacrifice in the North Coun∣try by the River Perath.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, three Swords in Pale, Argent, an Inescocheon of the second, charged with a Sinister hand couped at the wrist as the first. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of Sir Simon Clarke of Salford in the County of Warwick, Knight, sometimes Cofferer to King James, who deriveth his descent from Anketell de Wood-Church in the County of Kent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules,* 1.1009 three Swords conjoyned at the Po∣mels in Fesse, their points extended into the corners of the Escocheon, Argent, by the name of Stapleton. The Galateans, instead of ordinary Swords, used a kind of two handed or bastard long-sword, which they fast∣ned with chains to their right sides. A like manner of fastning our Swords to our right sides was in use with our Horsemen in England in the time of King Edward the third, as may be seen by the great Seal then used. It is a reproachfull thing for a Knight, to be disarmed of his Sword in battell; Quia si gladio spoliaretur, omnem perderet honorem militiae & Privilegium.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Swords, one in Pale point upward, surmounted of the other two, placed Saltire-waies, points downward, Argent, by the name of Norton. A certain Laconian, when his son found fault with his Sword, that it was too short, made his answer, Id∣circo parvum datur forti viro ut addat gressum; There∣fore is a short Sword given to a man of courage that he may lengthen the same with a step: meaning thereby that because his Sword was short, he should ap∣proach so much the nearer to his enemy, and so might he make the same long enough, so may he buckle him hand to hand, and perhaps wrest the weapon out of the adversaries hand, to his great credit, Gloriosum enim est victoriae genus, ab eo cum quo dcertas Arma capere, It is a praise-worthy thing for a man to bereave or despoile his enemy of his Armes or Weapons: yea, so glorious is it reckoned, as that many men having possessed themselves with their enemies weapons, either by sur∣prise or slaughter, have used the same and none other, all the dayes of their life. As appeareth (in part) 1 Maccab. 3 12. So Judas took their spoiles, and took also Apolonius Sword, and fought with it, all his life long.

Which is a good Sword, Seneca sheweth in these words, Gladium bonum dices, non cui deauratus est balthaeus, nec cui vagina gemmis distinguitur, sed cui ad secandum subtilis est acies.

* 1.1010

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Swords in Pale, two with their points downward, and the middlemost up∣wards, by the name of Rawline. There are besides these, divers other forms of bearing of Swords, as three Swords points in point, in Bend, Barre, &c. I find another Coat of like Charge and Name, but di∣versly borne from this. As by example appeareth in this next Escocheon.

* 1.1011

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Sable, three Swords Barre wayes, their points towards the Sinister part of the Escocheon, Argent, the Hilts and Pomels, Or, a cressant for a dif∣ference by the name of Rawlyns. As touching the in∣vention of Swords, Polydor Virg. saith, their use was found out by the Lacedemonians. The Romans in their Saturnalian feasts, amongst other exercises used the game of Sword-playing, to the end that in time of peace, they being accustomed to behold Fighting, Wounds and Swords, might be the lesse discouraged, when they see the Feats of Armes in the Field against the e∣nemy; and therefore the Chifetain or Generall of the Host was to exhibit to the people a game of Fence or Sword-playing.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Swords extended, Barre-wayes, Argent, the Hilts and Pomels, Or, by the name of Chute, and is the bearing of Chaloner Chute of Sutton Court in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, a worthy successour of his Fathers vertues, who was a Gentleman of much Eminence and Knowledge in his practice of the Lawes, and praise-worthy re∣putation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Gules, a Crosse between foure Swords, Argent, the Pummels and Hilts, Or. This Coat was given to Sir John Philipot Knight, sometime Lord Mayor of London (and used with his ancient Armes which are, Sable, a Bend, Ermine) for a Coat of Aug∣mentation; for this Sir John Philipott at his own charges set forth a fleet of Ships in the year 1378. (which was in the second year of King Richard the second) and scoured the Seas, at that time so sorely infested with Pirats, that the Merchant ships could not traffick in safety. Master Camden in his Brittannia sets forth, that he like a good patriot of his Country, surprised John Mercer a Scottish Rover, and all the Rabble of his adherents, besides fifteen saile of Spanish Ships, richly freighted with Merchandize, which they had taken as prize, where∣of he made no other use, but to give supply to his Soveraign, for he maintained one thousand men in the Kings wars in France, and performed many pious and laudable works in his life time, and ordained many more by his last will extant in the Registers of the Hoysting London. King Ri∣chard the second rewarded his good service with a grant of forty pounds of yearly revenew of land escheated to the Crown, yet in the possession of Sir John Philipott his next heir in Philpot Lane in London; and made him Knight in Smithfield, when he rewarded Sir William Walworth Mayor of London, with that order at the same time, when he vanquished that arch Rebell of Kent, Wat Tyler. He builded a fair Chappell at his Mannor of Granch in Gillingham in Kent, which Mannor is a member of the Cinque∣ports which he bequeathed to his second son,* 1.1012 from whom descended Cap∣tain Thomas Philipott that valiantly maintained a challenge in the Low Countries against Captain Debee that had wickedly depraved our late Queen Elizabeth, and slew the said Debee in single combat. And from another son of Sir John Philipott is descended Captain Thomas Philipot of Apston-Hall in Hertfort-shire not far from Woodhall Filpots, the ancient seat of this family who (by following the wars in Queen Elizabeths dayes at an expensive rate) was constrained to alienate those lands. Sir John Philipot now one of the Justices of the Common Pleas in Ireland, but borne in Kent, is branched from those of Gillingham aforesaid. I have seen some evidences which do perswade me to believe that the lands now belonging to Sir John Philipot, the chief of this house at Stepney nigh Lon. came to his Ancestors by mar∣riage with the Sister of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury. The Swords are the truest Emblems of Military honour, and should incite the Bearers to a just and generous pursuit of Honour and Vertue in Warlike-wayes, especially when they intend the defence of the Christian Faith, denoted

sufficiently in the Crosse, as here in this Coat. Much might be spoken here of the bearing of the Sword; it being an Emblem of Government and Ju∣stice, and borne before the King, GODS Leivetenant, and in other pla∣ces to honour Lievetenants to the Kings Majesty: but of a bearing so apt to be displayed, I need say no more.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Curtelasse in Bend, Proper, garnished, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Tatnall in the County of Chester. The old Britans our Ancestors were wont to weare a short and broad Sword; so did the Spartanes also, whom when one of their Enemies mocked for so curted a weapon, it was replyed, that it was not so short but it could reach into their hearts, as often as they met in Field.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, three Launces in Bend, Or, Ar∣med, Argent, by the name of Carlow. It was a custom amongst the Romans when they did undertake any lawfull wars, after deniall of restitution demanded of things unlawfully taken, or satisfaction for wrongs offered, that the King of Arms (to whom the de∣nouncing of battel and defiance did properly apper∣tain) should amongst other ceremonies, throw a Spear headed with Iron, imbrued with bloud, and scorched with fire, into the Soile of that people a∣gainst whom such war was denounced; to notifie unto them that they would severely prosecute them with fire and force for the wrong by them committed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Barrey of six, Argent and Gules, three Cressants, Ermine, on a Chief of the second, two Laun∣ces in saltire, their heads broken off, Or. This was the Coat-Armour of William Watson Esquire, sometime Keeper of the store of the Ordnance, as well of those in the Tower of London, as of these belonging to the Navy; who was Grandfather to those five brothers, viz. William Watson of Frendesbury in the County of Kent. John Watson of Wolpett in Suffolk, Richard and Norton Watson, both of London; and Thomas Watson, one of the Clerks of his Majesties Court of Kings Bench.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a quarter, Gules, a Spear in Bend, Or, by the name of Knight, Hybern. It was the manner of the Romans to bestow Spears upon the valiant and well-deserving Souldiers in recom∣pence of their acceptable service performed. To this end and purpose (as Festus Pompeius supposeth) be∣cause the Spear is the perfection of Martiall affaires, and Imperiall jurisdiction: and for that it was a cu∣stom to make sale of captives under the same; as also to make them and such Souldiers as had trans∣gressed the Military discipline (whereupon they were disarmed of their Military Belt, and received the ignominious name of Discincti) to passe the

yoke, the first for that they were brought into subjection by force; the other, for transgression of the Lawes Military.

This Yoke consisteth of three Spears, whereof two were pitched up∣right, and the third was bound crosse-wayes to them both; under this Yoke were both enforced to passe, that their reproach might be the greater.

Before a man shall go about to buckle with his enemies, it behoveth that the Army be fully furnished, and provided with all sorts of Military provisions, both defensive and offensive, by the example of Ʋzziah King Judah: of whom it is said,

Ʋzziah had also an hoste of fighting men, that went out to war by bands, ac∣cording to the count of their number, under the hand of Jeiel, &c.

And Ʋzziah prepared them throughout all the hoste Shields, and Speares, and Helmets, and Briggandines, and bowes and stones to sling, 2 Chron. 26.11.14.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Spears heads, Gules, a Chief, Azure. This Coat-Armour belongeth to Robert Reyce of Preston in the County of Suffolk, Esquire, a worthy Gentleman, whose great charge and care in collecting and preserving the Antiquities of that County, merits a large Encomium. The Spears heads being apt and ready to pierce according to the opini∣on of some Authors, betokeneth a dexterity and nim∣blenesse of wit, to penetrate and understand matters of highest consequence.

As concerning the quantity or weight of Spears heads, we find in them in all Ages, answerable to the strength of the persons that were to manage them: So we read that the Speare-head of Golias that encountred with David, weighed six hundred sheckles of Iron, which was correspondent to his speare, that was resembled for bignesse to a Weavers beame; as also to the hugenesse of his stature which was six cubits and a hands breadth, 1 Sam. 17.4. Also we read of Ishbibenob the son of Haraphah (of the race of the Giants) whose head of his speare weighed three hundred sheckles of brasse, even he being girded with a new Sword, thought to have slain David.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable,* 1.1013 a Cheuron between three Spears heads, Argent, three points embrued, Proper, by the name of Morgan. Alexander the great, compared an Army without a good Captain to a Speare without a strong head, for that as the shaft of the Speare could have little force without the head, though it be much larger than it, so the greatest Army can little availe without the fore-guidance of a valiant Leader.

Now, I shall I hope without any great breach of Method, demonstrate the bearing in Armory of some part of a Tilt-speare or Tilt-stave, call it which you please, which kind of weapon or instrument, although it be not of any use in the wars, yet the well-managing thereof maketh a man the more expert for military ser∣vice on horseback, and therefore may challenge to be ranked among mar∣tiall weapons managed with the hand.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, between three Cronels of a Tilt-speare, Argent, by the name of Wiseman. These Cro••els or Coronets (for I find them called by both these names) are the Iron heads of Tilt-spears, or Tilt-staves, which usually have six or eight Mournes (for so are those little piked things called, which are on the top or head of this Cronell or Coro∣net) three of which appeare in each of these, the other three which are not here seen, cannot be de∣monstrated by the Art of Cutting or Painting: some have termed, or rather mis-termed these Cronells, Burres; for the confu∣tation of which Errour I have caused the true figure of a Tilt-staffe or Tilt-speare to be here presented unto your view without the vamplet.

[illustration] diagram of spear, labelling its various parts

A sheweth unto you the Burre, which is a broad ring of Iron behind the hand, or place made for the hand, which Burre is brought unto the Rest when the Tilter chargeth his Spear or Staffe. B sheweth the hand, or place for the hand C demonstrateth the Cronell, Cronett, or Coronett; which oc∣casioneth this discourse, and this next figure maketh plain unto you what the vamplet of a Tilt-speare or Tilt-staffe is.

[illustration] diagram of spear, labelling its various parts

This vamplet demonstrated by the letter D is of steele, and is used for the safeguard of the Tilters hand, and is taken off and put on to the staffe or speare at pleasure.

And for the further clearing of this point it is expressed in the Charge, from the Master of the Armory, to the Yeoman of the Tilt-staves thus,

• Tilt-staves with Coronets and Burres
  • Serviceable.—
  • Ʋnserviceable.—
• ...Vamplets
  • Serviceable.—
  • To be repaired.
  • Ʋnserviceable.—

Expressing the particular numbers of every of them.

* 1.1014And in an ancient Book remaining in the Office of Armes, I find Wise∣mans Coat Blazoned, a Cheuron between three Cronels.

I could here if it would suit with my intended brevity, enter into a large discourse of the Noble and Knightlike exercise of Tilting, which is the Schoole of Chivalry and Horsemanship, without the knowledge whereof, the Horseman in the wars can do little good service.

Tilting is called Hippomachia from the Greek words, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i. Equus, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i. pugna, it is also called by the Latines Ludus militaris, or Ludus Troiae, for Troy was the place where it was first invented as some are of opinion.

Diverse Statutes and Ordinances have been made by the Commande∣ments of former Kings of this Realme concerning Royall Justs and Tiltings within this Kingdome,* 1.1015 which do sufficiently prove their former use to have been more frequent than now they are, and it is much to be wished that this Royall and honourable exercise might be more frequently practised, to which none are to be admitted as actors by the ancient Or∣dinances, but such as are well known unto the King of Armes, of that Pro∣vince where it is to be performed, to be Gentlemen of Coat-armour, Bloud and descent: but no more of this at this time, which deserveth rather a Volume than a Page, for setting out its due Commendation and Antiquity.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Bils in Pale, Sable, by the name of Gibbes. These are taken by some to be Danish Hatchets. To this head must be referred all Glaves, Partizans, Clubs, Polaxes, and whatsoever o∣ther weapons of like kind, wherewith we do either assaile or repulse our enemies by encountering them at handy-strokes. The brown Bill is a notable wea∣pon for execution, and hath been of great use in Mi∣litary services, but now near antiquated, if not al∣together, since the Musket and Caliver have come in use.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Scaling Ladders in Bend,* 1.1016 Argent, by the name of Shipstowe.

To this head must all other Martiall Instruments of these natures (not hitherto handled) be reduced, whether they pertain to order and direction, or else to Execution; and bestowed under their particular Heads, according to their propriety of their seve∣rall kinds.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XV.

OF weapons Invasive or offensive we have formerly discoursed: Now come we to the handling of the other member, comprehending wea∣pons defensive, borne in Coat-armour. Of these some do serve for defence onely, others serve both for defence and habit also: of the former sort are such as next ensue and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Escocheons, Sable. This was the Coat-armour of Sir John de Loudham or Lowdham Knight, owner of the Mannor of Lowdham in Suffolk in the time of Edward the third; it is now quartered by the before mentioned Samuel Blever∣hasset Esquire, now Lord of the same Mannour. Unto Dame Joane the relict of this Sir John Loudham, did Sir Edmond de Ʋfford Knight, brother of Robert de Ʋfford Earle of Suffolk, Sir Robert Bacon Knight, and Robert de Prestone, by their deed with their severall seals of their Arms thereunto affixed, release in the forty second year of

Edward the third, their right in certain lands, &c. in Herkesteed, Holbroke, Wolferston, and other Towns in Suffolk.

* 1.1017

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Barrulet between two bars Gemewes, Gules, three Escocheons, Verrey, by the name of Gamolle. This was the Coat-Armour of Ala∣nus de Gamoll Knight, that lived about the time of Edward the third King of England. By occasion of which name I am put in mind of a Gentleman of the same name, but of diverse Family, as may ap∣pear by his Coat-armour, the same being Or, three Mallets, Sable; of whom I find mention in an In∣quisition taken in the County of Chester, Anno 13. Edward. 3. in haec verba; Compertum est, quod Henricus Filipnham de Ga∣mul tenet dimidium unius feodi militis in Storton, &c. From whom is descended Edmond Gamull Esquire, one of the Aldermen of the City of Chester: whose endeavours and furtherance to the Common-wealth, there, deserveth a memorable recordation, as well in respect of his par∣ticular actions, as the good examples he shall leave to after-comers of like merit.

* 1.1018

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, three Escocheons, Barrey of six, Verrey and Gules, by the name of Mounchensey. A Lacedemonian Dame, having a son entring into Mili∣tary profession, at his departure gave him a Shield, and therewithall used these words, Fili aut hunc, aut super hunc. Thereby admonishing him briefly, so to bear himself in battell, that either he should return with victory, bringing his Shield with him, or should valiantly dye, and so be brought home dead upon the same. Touching signes in ancient times de∣picted upon Shields, Vegetius hath these words: Ne Milites aliquando in tumultu praelii a contubernalibus aberrarent, diversis Cohortibus diversa in scutis signa pingebant, quae ipsi nominabant digmata, sicut etiam nunc moris est: Praeterea in adverso scuto uniuscujusque Militis literis erat nomen adscriptum, addito ex qua esset Cohorte, quave Centuria. These Shields are meerly for defence.

Touching the variety of Shields or defensible weapons, and their uses, we read that the Roman Captains or Leaders, had their light harnessed Souldiers on foot, armed onely with Sword and Target, and were called Rorarii; whose office was with a light skirmish to give the first onset on the enemy, to see if they could force them to remove their first Sta∣tion, and so make way for the Horesemen, sicut Ros ante gelu, as the Dew or moist goeth before the Frost. Alex. gen. dierum. lib. 6. pag. 369.

This sort of Souldiers were highly rewarded of Kings, in regard of their bold adventure in bearing the first brunt of the battell. Of these some were called Peltati, because they were Armed with a kind of Shield or Tar∣get, like to a half moon; some Cetrati, for that they were armed with light Targets or Bucklers after the Spanish or Africk fashion.

Caius Marius did prohibit his Souldiers the bearing of sleight and small Targets, in regard of their unserviceable use.

After that Romulus had made a league with Tatius King of the Sabines, the Romans laying aside the Grecian Shield (which formerly they used) assu∣med the Sabine Shield; and Romulus did interchange Armours with the Sabines, and continued the use of them. It is a thing that hath been of some men holden for an infallible observation, that all Nations do change (if not the form of Martiall discipline) their military weapons at the least, once in the space of an hundred years, upon some one occasion or other.

Among the Germans it was holden a thing so ignominious for a man to lose his Shield in fight, as nothing could be more reproachfull; Inso∣much as he that was found culpable therein, was excluded from all sa∣cred Rites, and common Councels; yea, so odious was it holden amongst them, as that many (having escaped the battell) were branded with this publick infamy, and being unable to sustain so great reproach, have hanged themselves.

Amongst the Romans it was in use oftentimes to lay their children new born in Shields instead of Cradles; because they held it a presage of future fortitude and valour in the Child: So we read that Hercules, who exceeded all other of that Age in fortitude, was rocked in a Shield.

A certain Lacedemonian skirmishing with his Enemy, and having his Sword drawn, and spying some advantage thereto, was minded to have run him through therewith instantly, the sign of retreat was given, where∣upon he forbare; and being demanded why he slew not his enemy when it was in his power; he answered, melius est parere Imperatori, quam hostem occidere.

Moreover as touching the Shield, we read that it was usuall to hang them up in Churches instead of Epitaphs, as is the use here amongst us at this day, though not to that end, as is gathered by the words of Trebelli∣us Pollio in the History of Claudius Caesar, where he saith, Claudium princi∣pem loquor, cujus vita, probitas & omnia quae in Repub. gessit tantam posteris famam dedere, ut Senatus populusque Romanus, novis eum honoribus post mortem affecerit. Illi Clipeus aureus, vel ut Grammatici loquntur, Clipeum aureum Sena∣tus totius Judicio in Romana Curia collatum est, ut etiam nunc videtur expressa thorace vultus Imago. Lazius lib. 9. 936.

Like as the Shield served in the battell for a defence and safegard of the Body of Souldiers against blowes and wounds; even so in time of peace, the same being hanged up, it did shield and defend the owner a∣gainst the malevolent detractions of the envious sort, who do labour to deprave mens best actions, they themselves never endeavouring any that were laudable; whereby they do verifie in themselves that most true, and no lesse approved saying of Lipsius, livor & invidia bonorum operum sunt impedimenta, aut venena: for if they cannot hinder them from passing, they will labour to corrode them with their venemous teeth of detracti∣on after they be passed. Besides these Shields which we call Armes su∣spence, do (withall) not onely possesse, but also beautifie the room with a military Ornament: wherein each mans particular Armes are expressed at this day, and the Helmets and Crests, consisting of Crowns, horns, and wings of fowles affixed upon them, are placed above the Shields. Lazius lib. 9. 934.

Now will we exemplifie such as are for defence and habit also.

* 1.1019

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Close Helmet, Gules, by the name of Kingley. It was the manner of the Romans in their warfare to cover the Habergions and Head-peeces of those that were called, Levis armaturae mi∣lites, or Light harnessed Souldiers (whether they were horse or foot) with the skins of Beares: like as it was of the ancient Grecians to cover their heads with Otters skins instead of Helmets; and both of them to one end; namely that thereby they should seem to be more terrible and ghastly in the sight of their ene∣mies, and their enemies eye being occupied in admiration of the strange∣nesse of such habits, they might be the lesse able to attend their fight, and so (with more facility and lesse danger to themselves) be the more easily over-come.

* 1.1020

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Helmets with their Be∣vers open, Sable, by the name of Miniet. The bea∣ring of the Helmets after these severall manners (to wit) sometimes close Bevered, and other whiles with their Bevers open, have their severall intendments; those of Action, and these of Cessation. So much briefly of their diverse bearing, as for the present may suf∣fice. Of the reasons of such their bearings, I shall have occasion to speak hereafter more fitly, when I shall treat of the Atchievements of the particular state of dignities.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Gules, a Helmet in the dexter point, Or, by the name of Trayton. The Helmet thus placed, and being a chief part of milita∣ry habit; may rather seem to be a reward for ser∣vice, than an ordinary charge, and of it self may be∣token wisdome as well as valour, as we may gather by the statue or image of Minerva, whom the Poets do faine to be the goddess of wisdome, and all good Arts and Sciences; which statue is evermore found to be adorned with an Helmet on her head, which doth represent to our understanding, not so much the safeguard and de∣fence of the head from violence, as also that the same is inwardly fraught with wisdome, policy and reason, and is impenetrable by force, or guile∣full practise. The head so armed is securely fortified against invasions, and prepared for answering of all questions: It well fitteth martiall men to discourse and sing of battells and victories, of armour, horses, and military exercises, as the Romans were accustomed to relate, and sing of victories, and the memorable exploits of worthy warriours, according to that saying,

Navita de ventis, de tauris narrat Arator, Enumerat miles vulnera, pastor Oves.

The true Ornaments of Martiall men, are a shattered Shield, a dented Helmet, a blunted Sword, and a wounded face, all received in battell.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Diamond, a Lyon passant, gar∣dant, Topaz, between three Helmets, Pearle. This is the Coat of the noble Family of Compton, of which an eminent Ornament is the right ho∣nourable James Earle of Northampton.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Cheuron, Ruby, between three Morions or Steele Caps, Saphire. This is the paternall Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Brudenell of Stouton. This Morion, Steele-cap or Scull was the ancient armour for the head of a foot-man that served in the wars, it is called a Morion, quia Mauri hujusmodi utebantur casside. I confesse this Mo∣rion here demonstrated, differs in form from that which is now in use: and because no bearing in Coat-armour of a modern fashioned Morion at this present occurs unto my memory, I have caused one of them to be cut, as in this next figure you may see.

* 1.1021

[illustration] hemlet

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Saphire, three left hand Gauntlets,* 1.1022 To∣paz. This is the paternall Coat-armour of the Right Honourable Mildmay Fane, Earle of Westmerland, Ba∣ron Le de Spencer and Burghurst, Knight of the Bath. Panormitanus maketh mention of one Duke Reynard, who by a Herald sent a Gauntlet unto Alphonsus King of Aragon, and withall denounced him battell;* 1.1023 who willingly accepted the same, and demanded of the Herald whether he challenged him to fight with his Army, or in single combat: who answered, Not with his Army. Whereupon Alphonsus assigned a day and place for the purpose, and came at the prefixed time, but the Duke failed. Such is the Law of Armes, in case of single combat, that the party defendant shall appoint the time and place, for the performance thereof,* 1.1024 as witnesseth Spigellius in these words: Jure belli licet provocato diem & locum Prelii dicere.

This is to be understood in private challenges; for otherwise it is where the Combatants are sentenced by the publick magistrate to fight, in which case with us in England, the time, place, and weapons are to be appointed by Judges of that Court, before whom the matter depends.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Dexter Armes vambraced and Proper, by the name of Armestrong. Well do these Armes thus fenced, agree with the name of the bea∣rer, for then are the Armes best fitted for the perfor∣mance of high enterprises, when they are thus for∣tified and made strong against all violent encounters: for by means thereof, the Souldiers are so embold∣ned, as that nothing can daunt them: in which re∣spect men of former ages reckoned Armour the mem∣bers of Souldiers, for that the use thereof is no lesse behovefull for military persons, than are their natural members.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Vert, a Barre compony, Argent and A∣zure, between three Curasses of the second; on a Chief as the same, as many fermailes or buckles, like the third, by the name of Baldberny of Scotland. The Curasse is that part of Armour, that serveth to secure the breasts, bowels and intrailes of man, a∣gainst all force and violence whatsoever, from the gullet of the throat, to his loynes, whereupon they do chiefly rest. Damaratus a noble Captain of the Lacedemonians, being demanded why it was lawfull for the Spartanes in coaping with their enemy to forsake their Helmets and Curasses, but in no case to forgoe their Swords: he made answer that these were to guard their private persons, but their swords served to se∣cure the weale-publick: a man may expose himself to danger or to death, but may not in any case leave his Religion, Prince, and Country void of succour.

Concerning the defensive furniture of mans body, we read that anci∣ently they were made of linnen cloath, of exceeding high proof: Such was that much famoused linnen Brigandine of Amasis King of Aegypt, whereof every thread consisted of three hundred and sixty other threads, wherein were portrayed and set forth the forms and shapes of manifold sorts of Animals (that he used to prosecute in his accustomed exercise of hunting) in gold, and divers coloured yarne. And not onely the furniture ordained for the safety of mans body, were made of linnen in those dayes, but also the furniture of the Horses (of such as were called Cataphracti Equites) as their bardings and Caparisons, were also made of linnen, artificially wrought with bars of Iron after the manner of fea∣thers, and both of them so curiously intermixt, and platted together, as that (in fine) it becometh a defence of impenetrable resistance against a∣ny sort of weapons: which kind of furniture was in use with the Ro∣mans, not onely for the safeguard of the Horses, but also for the safety and preservation of the Cataphracti, or such as we term men of Armes compleatly furnished a Cape a pee (as the French phrase is) to withstand and sustain the shock or brunt of the enemy, by whom also the discom∣fited forces have been often repaired.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ruby, three Legs, Armed, Proper, con∣joyned in Fesse at the upper part of the Thigh, flexed in Triangle, garnished and spurred, Topaz. This Coat is quartered by the Right honourable the now Earle of Derby. In ancient time Souldiers that either had sold or otherwise lost their Armour by negligence, were (by a Military Law) punished with death, as he, that run∣neth from his Captain. Thus far of Military furniture of defence, pertaining to men. Now shall be touched such things as belong to Horses of service for the field; though some of them are in common for other Horses.

Of the first sort, are the Shafron, the Cranet, and the Bard, whereof I find no particular examples of Bearing single and apart, but as they are borne conjunct in the totall furniture of Horses for the Field, as shall hereafter in their due place be shewed. I will here therefore set forth such as are of ordinary and common use, as they are severally borne in Escocheons as followeth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Saddles stirropped, Sable.* 1.1025 The Saddle is of great use for all sorts of horsemen, as well for ease in journying, as for sure fitting, but most behovefull is the same for Martiall men, that serve on horse-back in the Field; for that by the means thereof, and of the Stirrops thereto affixed, they may be able to sustain the shock of their adversary, as also the more forcibly to incounter him.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Cheuron, Sable, five Horse-shooes, Or. This is the Coat-armour of Nicolas Crispe, one of the Captains of the City of London. The Bearing of Horse-shooes in Armory is very ancient as the Armes of Robert Ferrars, Earle Ferras, testifieth, who lived in the time of King Stephen, and bore for his Armes, Argent, six Horse-shooes, Sable.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a bend, Sable,* 1.1026 charged with three Horse-shooes, Argent, by the name of Shoyswell of Sus∣sex.

To these may be added whatsoever other parts of the furniture of Horses fitting for the wars: As Snaf∣fles, Bits, Bridles, and such other like tokens, whereby is signified restraint of liberty, or servile subjection, as appeareth where it is said, After this now David smote the Philistims and subdued them, and he took the bridle of bondage out of the hand of the Philistims.

* 1.1027

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a barded Hose passant, furnished at all points for the Field, Argent.

A Horse thus furnished, is fitted and prepared for the use of a Souldier of that sort which we call Cata∣phracti milites, or men at Armes, of whom I shall make mention in the next Escocheon. Not much unlike this is the Caparison wherwith we use to set out our horses prepared for the Tilt, in our joyfull triumphs of peace. I read that it was a custom amongst the Ro∣mans (as well in their lesser as greater Triumphs) that no man (but such as by prerogative, either in respect of some honou∣rable or eminent place, or speciall merit, were thereto priviledged) might meet or accompany him that triumphed on horse-back, but altoge∣ther on foot, which custom was of long time observed amongst them.

* 1.1028

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Gules, a Chevalier armed at all points, a cape a pee, brandishing his sword aloft, Argent, gar∣nished, Or, mounted on a barded Courser furnished throughout of, and as the second. This Coat-Armour (according to Bara) pertaineth to the Dutchy of Li∣thuania.

These were those Souldiers strongly armed in steele called Cataphracti Equites, which I lately spoke of, they were habited with Habergions, which were ei∣ther Coats of Maile or of Plate, and differed much from those that we call Levis Armaturae milites, in respect of the ponde∣rous weight of their furniture, wherby both themselves and their Horses were the better inabled to receive the shock and strong encounter of their enemy. Whose Armour were a Sallad or Head-piece, their Shield, Graves and Brigantines, all of Brasse, their Bassenets or Sculls, Spears and Swords, like those in use with footmen. Such was the force of these Cataphracti milites (or as we call them, men mounted upon Barded Horses) as that they were able to endure the brunt of the enemies, and did oftentimes repaire the forces of the trembling and distrustfull Armies.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XVI.

HAving in the two former Chapters handled Artificials military, both invasive and defensive; I think it not much amisse now a little to treat of Trophees and tokens of Martiall victory, and to shew you some em∣blems of rewards for victory obtained, borne in Coat-armour, since victory and the hope thereof sweetneth all those dangerous Travels, and into∣lerable labours, which the brave Martial man joyfully runneth through; yea, even to the hazard of his life. Trophees (saith Lazius) are spoiles for∣ced from the conquered enemy, all embrewed with blood, and hanged up as they were upon the next tree that could be found to fit that pur∣pose; or else the Conquering Souldiers brought them home to their houses where they hanged them up upon some Pole or Tree called Gentilitia arbor, for a monument of the encrease of Glory that they had atchieved to the family by their valour. The like custom (saith Wolf. Laz.) do we not onely read of in Thucydides: but my self have seen and observed represented in

Ancient Coines, an Oake having the limbs cut off, and upon the snags thereof were hanged a Germain cloak made of Badgers skins (or such other like) called Lacerna Germanica, two Shields, a Barbaria Pipe, and a Germain Ensigne.

There was also another sort of Trophee, when a man had subdued his e∣nemies, the manner was to expresse the memory of the victory atchieved (as it was acted) in letters engraved and cut in stone, together with the names of the People and Kings that were vanquished; and this was usu∣ally set up in some publick place for the perpetuating of the memory of such their famous conquest to all posterities. To this purpose is that which Cicero mentioneth, ad Heren. Hic in Macedonia Trophaea posuit, eaque que bellicae laudis victoriaeque omnes gentes Insignia & monumenta esse volue∣runt. And so is that place of Pliny, lib. 37. cap. 2. where he writeth that Pompey the great, caused an Inscription of a Trophee to be erected in the Py∣renean mountains. Wolf. Lazius lib. 9. 898.

The ancient rewards for victory obtained in the field, borne in Armes, are Garlands, which the Armorists call Chaplets, and in Latine they were anciently called Coronae militum: and of these there then were divers sorts, which were conferred on the victours, and were significant demonstrati∣ons of the manner of the victory obtained; for the Ancient bearers, horse∣men, Captains, and Leivetenants, of Cities, Towns, and Ports, which had valorously sustained and indured the siege of their enemies, and were de∣livered from them, were guerdoned in ancient times with a Garland of Grasse, called in Latine, Corona Graminea sive obsidionaria; which although it were made of grasse (being the only herb that can be supposed to be found in a place long besieged) yet is the same Garland Gramine, as (Pliny witnesseth) most honourable and noble, and to be esteemed above all o∣thers; Gold, Pearl, Olive, Lawrell, Palme, Oke and Ivie, giving place to com∣mon Grasse, that royall herb of dignity.

He also that could prudently delay his enemy, and preserve the Army committed to his charge from losse without giving battell, was wont to be rewarded with this kind of Gramine Garland: such an one was Fabius Maximus, Qui corona Graminea donatus fuit ab universa Italia; quandoquidem non pugnando sed cavendo rem Romanam restituisset & exercitum sibi creditum conservasset.

There was another sort of Chaplet called Corona Civica, which among the Romans was in esteem next to the Corona Graminea. And it was made of Oken leaves and branches, with the fruit of Acorns hanging on it. This Gar∣land or Chaplet was given to him that had saved a Citizen when his life was in extreme perill, killing his enemy, and making good the place where the danger happened: and Pliny maketh mention that this sort of Chaplet was to be given to one who slew the first enemy, that mounted on the walls of a City or Fortress, being defended by, or for the Romans: and I read that Hostius the Grandfather of the Roman King Hostilius, for his prowess was the first that was remunerated by Romulus with a Chaplet, called Corona frondea, and this was quod Fidenam irrupisset: it was Anno Mundi, 3295.

The Triumphall Chaplet, was first made of Laurell, and such an one did Tiberius Caesar use. The Athenian victors had their Chaplets or Gar∣lands of Olive-leaves; and these Chaplets were rewards also as well for Mercuriall or Martiall deeds, some of which at first made of leaves, were afterward altered and composed of Gold; Pliny writeth of the Rose,

the Lily and the Violet, be the flowers wherewith the Chaplets or Garlands of Noble men ought to be adorned, I confesse he there useth the Latine word Corona, but I think under favour there that word Corona cannot be taken for a Crown, I mean such an one as is in use with us at this day made of gold, but rather for a chaplet or garland.

I find also that chaplets are sometimes made of other herbs, as of Rue, as that which is borne bend-wise upon the barres of the Coat-Armour of the Dukedome of Saxony: which as learned Master Selden out of Krant∣zeus hath noted, was at the time of the Creation of Bernard (son of Albert Ʋrse, Marquesse of Brandeburg, and brother to Otho the then Marquesse, and to Sifride Arch-bishop of Breme) Duke of Saxony, granted to the said Bernard by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, upon the request of the said Bernard to difference his Armes from his brothers; Tunc Imperator (are the words as Master Selden citeth them) ut erat coronatus per aestum Rute∣am Coronam injecit ex obliquo supplicantis clypeo: which was afterward borne so on their Coat, being before Barrey, Sable and Or.

And thus much may suffice to have spoken of chaplets; now come we to shew some examples of bearing them in Coat-Armours.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three chaplets, Vert, by the name of Richardson of Shropshire. As these are here borne as the sole charge of the Field, so may you also find some Ordinary interposed between them as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, a Fesse, Sable, between three chaplets, Vert. I read that Hercules first made himself Garlands of the herb called in Latine Aptum, which is so cal∣led quia ex eo apex, id est, Caput antiquorum triumphan∣tium coronabatur: this herb is alwayes green, as Theo∣phraste observed, it is called in English Merche.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Or, on a Chief, Gules, three Chaplets of the first. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Morison of Cashio-bury, in the County of Hartford, de∣ceased, divers others there be that bear these Chap∣lets in their Coat-Armours, but these here shewed may suffice to make known unto Students in Armo∣ry how to blazon such a charge when they meet with it.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, parted per Fesse, Argent and Azure, three Chaplets counter-changed, by name of Duke of Devonshire and Kent, now flourishing in the last of those, in the persons of two worthy Gentlemen, George Duke and Richard Duke, Esquires, both of Mai••stone.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XVII.

UNto these before mentioned remunerations of joyfull victory, I will adde such artificiall things wherewith the victorious Martiall man doth commonly deprive of liberty those whom the fortune of the wars have given him as Captives and Prisoners; such be Prisoners Gifts Fetters and Shackles, or prison Boults, which are all notes of subjection and captivity, of the bearing of some of these in Coat-armour, I wil shew you some examples.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Shackbolt, Sable, by the name of Nuthall in the County of Chester. Some call this a Prisoners Boult: he that by his valour shall in the wars take his enemy and retain him as his prisoner, may well for such his good service be guerdoned with such a kind of bearing as is here demonstra∣ted; which is an honourable bearing in Armory, in regard it doth sufficiently to an Artist declare the first occasion thereof.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, two single Shackbolts, and one double, Argent, by the name of Anderton. These kind of Armes may also well be given to such a brave spi∣rit, who by his prowesse can fetch off with strength, or by his charity redeem any of his fellow Souldi∣ers in captivity.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XVIII.

TO these Martial Armorials we may adde as an Appendix of necessary use in warlike businesses, the Water-bowgets, which in ancient times were used to carry and conserve in the Camp that usefull element of Wa∣ter. In such vessels some suppose that Davids three worthies, which brake into the Host of the Philistimes, and drew water out of the well of Bethle∣hem, brought to their King that water he so much longed for. These three mighty men deserved to have been remunerated with such Armo∣rall marks in their Coat-Armours for their valour.

The usuall depicting of these Water-bowgets in Escocheons of our present age, if we shall compare them with those of former times, we shall find these and them much differing in form, as by these three next Escocheons, the first being according to our modern form, and the other two agreeing with the ancient, evidently appeareth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Ruby, three Water-bowgets, Pearle. This was the Coat-armour of Sir William Roos, a Ba∣ron of this Kingdom, who lived in the time of our two first Edwards after tne Conquest.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

These Water-bowgets were anciently depicted and portraied in Coat-Armour according to the form in this present Escocheon demonstrated, witnesse old Rolls of Arms and Monuments of stone. The Anci∣ents themselves did some what differ in the portrai∣ture of this Water-bowget, for I find in a very ancient Roll in the custody of the before mentioned Sir Ri∣chard St. George Clarenceux (who I must with a thank∣full acknowledgment confesse hath been very free in communicating such his collections to the fur∣therance of this present second Edition) that Robert de Roos, son of the late mentioned William de Roos, did beare these Water-bowgets depicted, as in this next Escocheon, with a File of five lambeaux or points.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This is the true figure both of the Escocheon and charge, as they be in the said Roll, which is written in a hand of that time or very near; and these ex∣amples may suffice for Water-bowgets of the ancient form, now I will shew you another Escocheon with a Crosse Engrailed between foure of these Water-bowgets of the modern form, yet are the Arms very ancient.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearle, a Crosse Engrailed, Ruby, be∣tween foure Water-bowgets, Diamond. This was the Paternal Coat-Armour of that Honourable family of the Bourchiers, sometimes Earles of Ew in Normandy, from whom are descended the Bourchiers Earles of Bathe. And that truly noble Knight Sir Henry Bour∣chier, a carefull and diligent searcher out of the hid∣den Antiquities not only of this Kingdom but of Ireland also. Leigh in his Accidens of Armory, p. 127. calleth these Water-bowgets, and pa. 176. he termeth this kind of Charge a Gorge.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Fesse, Varry, Or, and Gules, between three Water-bowgets, Sable, by the name of Dethick, of which family is Sir John Dethick Knight, late Lord Mayor, as also those two ingenious Gen∣tlemen, Thomas Dethick who hath long resided at Li∣gorne, and Henry Dethick of Poylers near London, sons of Henry Dethick, son of Sir William Dethick Knight, son of Sir Gilbert Dethick Knight, both principall Kings of Armes, by the Title of Garter.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Fesse between three Water-bowgets, Ermine, by the name of Meeres of Lincoln∣shire, a very ancient family of which is Master Meeres who lately marryed the Daughter of Sir Erasmus de la Fountain.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Argent, a Cheuron, between three Wa∣ter-bowgets, Sable, by the name of Hill, and is borne by those two accomplisht Ornaments to this City, Abraham and Thomas Hill, sons of John Hill Esquire, sometimes Alderman of London, living 1659. descen∣ded from an ancient Family of this surname at Shil∣ston in Devonshire, which Abraham Hill not long since marryed Anne Daughter of Bulstrode Whitlock (Com∣missioner of the great Seal) by Frances Daughter of William Lord Willoughby of Parham.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Chief, Sable, three cove∣red Cups, Or. This is the Coat of Sir Oliver Butler or Botiler of Teston in Kent, Baronet.

SECT. IV. CHAP. XIX.

SIthence there be some things borne in Armes, which have a near re∣semblance among themselves, yet do really differ each from other in name, of which we have not hitherto given any rule: I hope with the readers curteous leave, I may gather such here together, which other∣wise according to strict Method, should have been ranked far asunder, by which means the Student in Armory (for whose benefit onely this work is compiled) may with more facility observe the nice differences

of such charges, which are differenced, and consequently change their names, onely from their

Distinction of their

• Colours or
• ...Formes.

Of the first sort are Roundles, of which Leigh giveth examples of nine sundry, each differing from other in name and Blazon, according to their different Colours, as for example.

If they be
1 Or	2 Argent	3 Vert	4 Light-blew	5 Sable	6 Purpure	7 Tenne	8 Sanguine	9 Gules
Then we call them
1 Besants.	2 Plates.	3 Pomeis.	4 Hurts.	5 Pellets or Ograsses.	6 Golpes.	7 Orenges.	8 Guzes.	9 Torteauxes.

Of some of these, viz. Besants, Plates, Hurts and Pellets, I have given ex∣amples formerly in this Book; examples of Besants and Plates you may see pag. 292, 293. of Hurts, pag. 138. of Pellets, pag. 329.

It is not requisite in Blazon to name the Colours of any of these nine Roundles, except they be the counter-changed charge of a field transmuted, as in Abtots Coat, of which you shall find the Blazon in the fifth Section and second Chapter; and in such a case they are called Roundles, and by no other name. But otherwise it is sufficient to say, he beareth Argent, on a Chief, Gules, three Besants, as I have done in the blazon of Russels Coat-armour, p. 292. without telling of the colour of the Besants; the like you may ob∣serve in Captain Lees Armes, pa. 330. which I have blazoned without tel∣ling the colour of the Pellets: as for the word Proper used in the blazon of the Hurts, p. 138. and of the Pellets in Langleyes Coat, p. 329. they are faults I must confesse escaped me in the correcting of this Edition, therefore I do intreat the curteous Reader with his pen in those two places to put out the word proper; yet I cannot deny but that in ancient blazon I have seen the Colours of some of these Roundles named, yea, and some are of opinion that one or two sorts of these differ their names in the quantity of their figure and not in colour: but of latter times amongst our English Blazoners, it is accounted a great fault to tell their colours, except where they are found counter-changed in a Field Transmuted, as I have formerly said.

If you find above the number of eight Besants borne in one single Coat, according to some Authors you are not then to tell their number, but to say Besantee, for they give concerning this point this Rule, both for Be∣sants and Torteauxes, besanae numerantur usque ad octo, quem numerum si ex∣cedant, dicentur Besantee, and Tortellae numerantur sicut Besanae, and Chassaneus is of the same opinion, Chass. Cato. 1. Glor. mundi pars conclus. 75.

Leigh saith that the Roundle called a Guze, is resembled to the Ball of the eye, and Golpes are in signification wounds, Accidens of Armes, pag. 151. Pomeis are taken for Apples without their stalkes: what Besants, Plates, Pellets and Hurts be, I have formerly in their due places shewed.

Now I will shew some examples of the Bearing of some of these Roundles, viz. Torteauxes in Coat-armour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Topaz, three Torteauxes. This is the Coat of that truly noble and ancient family of Court∣ney of Devonshire, particularly of Ponderham, of which is Sir William Courtney, descended in a direct male line from Hugh Courtney second of that name, Earle of Devonshire in the time of King Edward the third; the elder Family being in possession of that honour till the beginning of Queen Elizabeth, divers of which were also Dukes of Exeter. Anciently Blazoners did use to tell the manner of the position of a charge, consisting of three things of one sort or kind placed in triangle, as you see these here are, by saying three Torteauxes, Plates, Mullets, Cressans, or the like, in triangle, or two and one; but it is now observed as a generall rule, that when the number three is rehearsed in Armes, without further de∣claration of the location or position of the charge demonstrated by that number, then are they alwayes placed in the fashion that is shewed in this present Escocheon; but if they have their location in any other form, then you must alwayes tell how and in what manner, as in this next Es∣cocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, three Torteauxes in Bend, be∣tween two Cotizes, Sable, by the name of Ince of Lan∣cashire, and Juys beareth, Argent, three Torteauxes, be∣tween two Bends, some say Cotizes, Gules. These saith Leigh, pag. 156. have been by old Blazoners called Wastels, which are Cakes of bread, but must be named by none other name than Torteauxes.

And thus much may suffice to have spoken of such Charges, as are dif∣ferenced only from their distinction of their Colours, and consequently change their names; all which you may observe to be composed of a Circular figure, now it remaineth, that I treat of those other, which have a near resemblance among themselves, yet vary their names onely from their distinction of forme.

Of this sort are

• ...Fusils.
• ...Losenges.
• ...Mascles.

The Geometrician calleth the kind of figure whereof every of these is composed, Rhombus, which Keckerman saith,* 1.1029 is Parallelogrammum obli∣quangulum & equilaterum; for in truth every one of these consist of four Geometricall lines of equall length, yet these are differently by Armorists, as I shall presently shew you. But I think it first necessary to demon∣strate unto you the figure of every of these, as in example.

[illustration] diagram labelling parts of heraldic bearings

[illustration]

The Fusill.

[illustration]

The Losenge.

[illustration]

The Mascle.

The Fusill is longer than the Loseng, having its upper and lower part more acute and sharp than the other two collaterall middle parts, which acuteness is occasioned by the short distance of the space between the two collaterall or midle parts in the figure demonstrated unto you by the let∣ters BB, which space if the Fusil•• be rightly made is allwayes shorter than any of the four Geometricall lines whereof it is composed, as you may ob∣serve in the figure thereof: in which you finde that the distance between the two Angles demonstrated by the letters A and B, is longer than that which is between the two collaterall or middle Angles marked with B and B, but all this is to be understood of Fusils of the moderne figure or forme, for anciently they were depicted in another shape; and Chassaneus shew∣eth a Fusill somewhat neare to the ancient in proportion thus.

* 1.1030

[illustration] outmoded form of heraldic bearing

In this figure you may observe, the sides be not Anguled, but rather round. He there thus describeth Fusils, Fusae sunt acutae in superiori & infe∣riori partibus, & rotundae ex utroque latere.

* 1.1031A Losenge differeth from a Fusill in that the space between its two col∣laterall or middle Angles, equals the length of any of the four Geometricall lines whereof it is composed, as its figure before more plainely manifest∣eth, where the space between the Angles demonstrated by the figures 3 and 3, and 1 and 3. are of equall length. I confesse sometimes you may find in things made for losenges, the distance here demonstrated by the figures 3 and 3 to be a little longer than that from 1 to 3, but it can never be shorter, for then it is a Fusill.

A Mascle differeth From both the Fusill and Losenge; first, because the Mascle is alwayes voided, that is, part of the field is transparent through it: I confesse in this I dissent from Leighs opinion, who in his Accidens of Armory, pag, 157. b. seemeth to grant that a Mascle may be whole, but of this I have formerly shewed my opinion and my reason for the same, p. 314. next, a Mascle, differeth from a Fusill and a Losenge in the propor∣tion of space, which is evidently demonstrated in the Mascles figure by the letters C and D, which sheweth a Mascle to be as long as it is broad.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearl, three Fusils in Fesse, Ruby. This was the paternall Coat-armour of William Mon∣tagu Earle of Salisbury. I know well that Mr. Brook, York-Herald, in his Catalogue of the Earls of Salis∣bury, hath blazoned these Losenges: but old Rolls of Arms with their blazon in French do testifie, that these be Fusils, for it is thus written in one of them, Mons. de Montagu Count de Sarum port d'argent a trois Fusilles, &c. This Roll now at this present remain∣eth in the custody of Sir Henry St. George, Knight, Richmond-Herald; whose industrious collections of such Antiquities, and his willingnesse in affording the view of them for the forwarding of this present Edition, cannot without a manifest note of ingratitude be here over-passed in silence. These Fusils may also be borne in Bend or Triangle, as Leigh writeth, pag. 157. b.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, three Fusils, Ermine. This is the Coat-armour of Sir John Denham, Knight, one of the Barons of this Majesties Exchequer, a good and a∣ble Justicer. The Fusill is never pierced or voyded, as Leigh noteth, what a Fusill representeth in Armory, and how the English, French and Dutch vary in their opinions about it, I have formerly shewed unto you out of the Accidens of Armory, in pa. 288. of this Book. Now I will shew an example of bearing of Losenges in Arms.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, three Losenges in Fesse, Er∣mine, by the name of Gifford, a family of long conti∣nuance at Halsworth in Devon, from whence descen∣ded that judicious Gentleman, and ingenious Col∣lectour of choice Rarities and Antiquities, Master Humphry Gifford of the Poultry, London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Azure, three Losenges, Or.* 1.1032 Losenges are thus described by Chassaneus, Losangiae factae sunt ad modum Lozangiarum quae ponuntur in vitrinis sub for∣ma quadranguli, sed superior & inferior partes plus ten∣dunt in acutum quam aliae duae collaterales seu mediae, & sic plus longae sunt quam largae, Chassaneus pars, 1. a conclusio. 75.

To these charges that thus resemble each other, yet change their names from their nice differing forms, may be referred the Quarter and the Canton, the Delfe and the Billet, and such other like: examples of the bearing of every of which I have formerly given, leaving the student in this way to learn their differences by his carefull observation, to which Leigh in his Accidens of Armory hath given great light.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Sable, three Mascles of the field, by the name of Carleton, a Fa∣mily of ancient note.

Thus have I in this one Section run over this whole Chaos of things Artificiall; which I have so compendiously set down, considering the in∣finite variety of things incident unto Arts of all sorts, as that any judici∣ous Reader will rather approve my brevity therein, than concur in judg∣ment with that rash and unadvised Censurer of this Book who (before it was in Presse) sought to lay this aspersion on it, that it was wholy stuf∣fed with Superficials of things Mechanicall, &c. Which calumny needs no o∣ther refutation, than the view of that which here presents it self to all mens scanning.

The End of the fourth Section.

Simplicitas formae Antiquitatis nota▪

THE Fifth Section comprehendeth Examples of Coat-ar∣mours, having no Tincture predominating in them shewing withall their sundry forms of Partition, as also of the Transmuta∣tions or Counter-changings, that are occasioned by reason of those Lines of Partition.

The Table of the Fifth Section.

• Fields of Coat-armours wherein there is no Tincture predomina∣ting, &c. are
  • Abstracted from
    • Some of the Ordinaries by a derivation.
      • Manifest, as Gyronie, Pale-wayes, Bendy, &c. and are borne
        • Simply of themselves.
        • After a com∣pound sort, viz. charged
          • In part, viz. with some Chief, Canton, Quarter, &c.
          • All over with some other Or∣dinary or Common charge.
      • Obscure, of which sorts some do
        • Keep their Names, as Paly, Bendy, Barry, Bendy, &c.
        • Lose their name, as Checkie.
    • Some Common Charge: Such are those as we term in Blazon Fusely, Losengy, Masculy, &c. Of Fusils, Losenges, Mascles, &c. whereof they bear the forms or representations.
  • Composed of Lines of parti∣tion only.
    • Plain, as those before mentioned in the first Section, which are car∣ryed evenly without rising or falling. These being charged do con∣stitute a form of bearing called Transmuting or Counter-change∣ing.
    • Bunched or Cornered, whereof are created a kind of bearing, which we call in Blazon Messiles, because of their mutuall inter∣mixture one with another.

Those of manifest derivation have their denomination from some of the ordinaries whose forms they do repre∣sent: whose names also they do still retain as a Memoriall of their particular derivations. As Party per Pale, per Bend, per Fesse, per Cheuron, per Saltire, &c. Others though abstracted from Ordinaries, do lose their names.

And both these sorts last mentioned are no lesse subject to be charged in part or all over: with charges both ordinary and common, than any other before mentioned, wherein Tincture is said to predominate.

SECTION V. CHAP. I.

* 1.1033HAving finished the former Section treating of Coat-Armours for∣med of things Artificiall, in which there is tincture (that is to say, Metall, Colour or Furre) predominating: I will now (secun∣dis velis) proceed to give Examples of Coat-Armours having no Tincture predominating in them; these are formed of sundry sorts of lines of partition, occasioning oftentimes Transmutation and Coun∣ter-changing.

* 1.1034Coat-Armours having no Tincture predominating in them, are such as are so composed and commixt of two colours, as that neither of them do surmount other. Such are these that follow and the like, which are for∣med of lines of Partition onely.

* 1.1035In giving Examples of these forms of Bearing, it is requisite that I be∣gin with those which consist of single lines of Partition. And then proceed to such sorts as are formed of manifold lines, as in example.

* 1.1036

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pale, Argent and Gules, by the name of Walgrave Suff. a right ancient family, of which family is Sir Henry son of Sir Edward Walgrave, Ba∣ronet.

* 1.1037Such Coat-armours as are formed onely of lines of Partition, do (generally) yeeld testimony of an ancient family, as Hieronymus Hennings in his Genealogies no∣teth (upon the Coat-armour of the noble race of the Ransouii, which is borne parted after this manner, though of different colours) in this Distichon:

Forma quid haec simplex? simplex fuit ipsa vetustas: Simplicitas formae stemmata prisca notat.

Hiero. Hen∣ning.

What means so plain a Coat? times Ancient plain did go: Such Ancient plainnesse, Ancient race doth plainly show.

* 1.1038After this manner may two Coat-armours of distinct families be conjoy∣ned into one Escocheon as shall be shewed hereafter in place convenient.

* 1.1039

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per Fesse, Or and Azure. These Arms do pertain to the family of Zusto of Venice. Af∣ter this manner also (saith Leigh) may severall Coats of distinct families be borne joyntly in one Escocheon. The consideration whereof shall appear hereafter in the last Section of this Book, where I shall treat of Marshalling divers Coat-Armours together.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, parted per bend, embatteled, Pearle and Ruby. This is the Coat of the right honoura∣ble and excellently accomplished Gentleman, Tam Marte quam Mercurio, Roger Boyle, Baron of Broghill President of the Counsell in Scotland, Brother to the Right Honourable the Earle of Corke, whose Coat it is, ensigned with a Crown.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, parted per Bend, Or and Vert,* 1.1040 by the name of Hawley. In this and the former I give the preheminency in Blazon to the metall, not in respect of the dignity thereof, but for that it occupieth the more eminent and honourable part of the Escocheon which is the Chief; for otherwise the Right side ha∣ving precedence of the Left might have challenged the first place in Blazon, as in Coat-armours parted per pale, it doth.

A Gentleman of blood, being a younger brother, be∣fore apt differences of Coat-armour were devised, used to take two of his nearest Coats, and to marshall them together in one shield, parted per Cheuron, after the manner expressed in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per Cheuron, Sable and Argent,* 1.1041 by the name of Aston, a Family of long continuance and worth in Cheshire, of which is Sir Thomas Aston created Baronet, 1628. These foresaid Coats thus half in Tinc∣ture, are of much better esteem, than the apparell worne by those brethren in Flanders, who having a peasant to their Father, and a noble Lady to their Mother, did wear their upper garment one half of Country Russet, the other of cloth of gold, for a monu∣ment of their mothers matchlesse match. So much of Armes consisting of single lines of Partition, both perpendicular and transverse. Now follow Examples of such as are formed of a mixt kind.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Per Cheuron, Azure and Gules, three covered Salts, Or, sprinkling, Argent. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Company of Salters.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules and Argent. This Coat-Ar∣mour pertaineth to Sir Henry Cock of Bruxborne in the County of Hertford, Knight, late Cofferer to his Ma∣jesty.

Leigh holdeth that this sort of bearing is not other∣wise blazoned than quarterly. But (some Blazoners are of opinion that) when this composition consisteth meerly of metals and colour, or of any the before men∣tioned furres and colour, without any charge occupy∣ing the quarters of the Escocheon, such bearing is more aptly blazoned parted per Crosse, but if they be charged, then they hold it best blazoned quarterly.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Quarterly, Gules and Azure, in the first and fourth a Leopards head, Or, in the second and third a Cup covered between two buckles of the last. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Com∣pany of Goldsmiths.

* 1.1042

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pyle in Point, Or and Sable. Onely the Pyle part of this Coat may be charged (saith Leigh) and no other part thereof, and that (saith he) may be used as one onely Coat. And if it be charged, you shall leave the field untold. In this Coat the Pyle hath the preheminence: for if the Escocheon were made after the antique fashion, you shall see very little of the Field.

Two other sorts of parted per pile I find, which for their rare use I have thought fit to insert into this place, whereof the first is, as in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pyle traverse, Argent and Gules. Were it not that these lines had their begin∣nings from the exact points of the Chief and Base si∣nister, and so extend to the extream line in the Fesse point on the dexter side, I should then hold it to be a charge and no partition; and then should it be said to be a Pile, and not a partition per pile. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Rathlowe in Holsatia: As touching the plainenesse of this Coat, Jonas ab Elvet hath these verses;

Forma quid haec simplex? fuit ipsa vetustas Simplex; est etiam simplicitatis honor.

The other sort of partition per pyle, taketh beginning from the two base points, Dexter and Sinister, and do meet in the exact middle chief point of the Escocheon, as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pyle transposed, Or, Gules and Sable. This kind of bearing is rare, as well in regard of the transposition thereof, for that the natu∣rall and accustomed bearing of Piles is with the points downwards; as also in respect that thereby the field is divided into three distinct colours or Tinctures. This Coat is proper to the Family of Meinstorpe, or Menidorpe in Holsatia. Jonas ab Elvet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per Saltire, Ermine and Gules,* 1.1043 by the name of Restwold. This (according to Leigh) may be good Armory, if all the four pieces be char∣ged with some thing quick or dead; but it is better (saith he) if it be charged but with two things of one kind, and that especially upon the Gules: but best of all it is to have but one onely quick thing all over the field. An example of which last bearing, shall be gi∣ven hereafter in his due place.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, quarterly, Ermine and Gules, by the name of Stanhope, and is the Coat of that accomplisht Gentleman Philip Stanhope, Baron of Shelford, and Earle of Chesterfield.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gyronny of six pieces, Ermine and Azure.* 1.1044 The most usuall manner of blazon is to begin at the dexter corner of the Escocheon; but in this Coat I be∣gin with the middle part, not for that medium est locust honoris, but in respect that the Ermine doth occupy the most part of the Chief; and the Azure but the Cantels thereof; some blazon this Coat, Parted per Gy∣ron of six pieces. Gyrons may be borne to the number of twelve, as hereafter shall be shewed.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pale and base, Gules, Argent, Sable. This bearing is no less strange than una∣ccusto∣med with us, whose rare use hath occasioned me to insert the same here: This coat-armour pertaineth to Jo. a Panowitz that was (amongst infinite others) pre∣sent at the royall exercises on horse-back, and on foot performed without the City of Vienna, Anno Dom. 1560. Proceed we now to coats of this kind charged in part, as in these next.

* 1.1045

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, parted per Fesse, Gules, and Ermine, a File of five points, Argent, by the name of Betfield. Of these forms of bearing I will not produce many ex∣amples, because their use is common: onely I pur∣pose by a few to make known my meaning, touch∣ing the different manner of charging of Coat-armours in part and all over, that so they may be manifestly discerned to be of different kinds, and likewise avoid their confused mixture.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, parted per Fesse, Argent, and Vert, in Chief, a Lyon saliant, Sable, in base, three Stars of the Field, by the name of Adrian, alias Hulton, and is thus borne by that worthy Gentleman John Adrian of London, Merchant.

* 1.1046

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth quarterly, Gules and Or, a Crosse flory on the Dexter quarter, Argent. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to Middleton of Middleton-hall in Lanca∣shire, who marryed Anne sister to Thomas Green, Es∣quire for the body to King Henry the seventh, by whom he had a daughter marryed to John Hare∣well of Wotten, Esquire, whose daughter Anne was wife to James Clifford of Frampton upon Severne, Esquire, Grandfather to James Clifford Esquire, li∣ving 1612.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, quarterly, Gules and Or, a Flowerde∣luce in the first quarter, Argent, and is the Coat of that accomplisht Gentleman, and lover of Arts, and cherisher of Industry and Ingenuity, Elias Ashmole of the Middle Temple, Esquire.

* 1.1047

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Bearer hereof, hath for his Armoriall Ensigns, Gyronny of eight pieces, Azure and Or, a Canton, Er∣mine. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Family of Okton. Besides these examples of Gyrons formerly given, you shall find others that do bear Gyronny of ten pieces: as in the Coat of Crolly, who beareth Gy∣ronny of ten pieces, Argent and Sable. And that of Busingborne which beareth Gyronny of twelve pieces, Verrey and Gules.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Gyronny of six pieces, Or and Sable,* 1.1048 three Nigroes heads couped, Proper, by the name of Cal∣larde. Otherwise may you blazon it thus: Gyronny of six, Or and Sable, three Nigroes heads couped of the second. Coats consisting of Gyronnes are of old Bla∣zoners termed counter-coyned, for that the Coynes or corners of their contrary or different colours, do all meet in the center of the Shield. Therefore coat-ar∣mours of this form of bearing were anciently thus bla∣zoned, Portat Arma contra contraconata.

As touching such coat-armour of partition as are charged all over, these few examples may suffice.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is parted per pale, Ruby and Saphire,* 1.1049 three Eaglets displayed, Pearle. This coat-armour per∣taineth to Sir Edward Cooke, Knight, sometime Lord Chief Justice of his Majesties Court of the Kings Bench.

I do blazon this coat-armour by precious stones in respect the Bearer hereof is enoblished by his rare vertues, and approved loyall services done to Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory, and to the Kings Ma∣jesty late deceased; as also in regard of his so many learned and judicious works publickly manifested in sundry volumes ex∣tant, and approved by men of best judgment in that kind.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, per Pale, Gules and Azure, an Eagle displayed with two necks, Or, and is thus borne by Edward and Thomas Mitton, sons of Peter Mitton of London, Merchant, son of Richard Mitton, Lord of Haberley, Holston and Moothy, in the County of Salop, which Lordships are in the present possession of Ri∣chard Mitton Esquire, Heir male of this Family.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per bend Sinister, Ermine and Er∣mines, over all a Lyon Rampant, within a Bordure En∣grailed, Or. This coat-armour pertaineth to Edward Jones of Gorthkenan in the Parish of Llanvaire Diffrin∣cloyd, in the County of Denbigh, as the Paternall coat of that Family.

* 1.1050

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is quarterly, Topaz and Ruby, over all a Bend, Verrey. This Coat-armour pertaineth to the Right honourable Family of the Sackviles, Earles of Dorset, and Barons Buckhersts of Buckherst.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth quarterly, Gules and Verrey, over all a Bend, Or. This is the Coat-armour of the Ancient and Knightly Family of Constable of Flamborough in the County of Yorke.

* 1.1051

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth party per Saltire, Sable and Ermine, a Lyon Rampant, Or. Armed and Langued, Gules, by the name of Grafton. In the blazon of Coat-armours of this kind, having no Tincture predominating, I think it fit to give preheminence to that Metal, Furre, or Colour, which occupieth the Chief, or the greatest part thereof; as you may observe I have done in the blazon of Hawleys and Restwolds Coats, and the like, in this present Chapter: Master Boswell giveth Graftons Coat the same blazon that I do here, beginning with the colour Sable. Johannes Peronus, Nauclerus, Paradine, Ʋlpian, Gerrard Leigh, and others, both ancient and modern writers, altogether allow the blazon of this Coat-armour to be party per saltire, as afore. Some others (whose conceit herein I utterly dislike) whether nicely or ignorantly, have en∣deavoured to blazon this Coat, Gyronny of four, or of four pieces. But mine opinion is confirmed with that of the said former writers, alleadged to be the seventh partition, per saltire, without any terme of Gyronny at all. The ancestors of this Gentleman enjoyed a large revenue in Lands in the City of Worcester, and in Grafton, Fliford, and Pendock in the County of Worce∣ster, as other Lands in the County of Stafford, as appeareth by a Deed (which I have seen) dated in June, Anno 29. Henrici 8. but at this day dis∣persed into strange hands. Nevertheless, I wish vertue her due reward; then shall not this bearer (a true lover of Arms) depart empty handed.

As these last mentioned Coats are framed of strait lines of partition, so shall you find others composed of sundry lines before spoken of, in the beginning of the second Section of this Book, as well of those sorts that I call cornered lines, as of those that are bunched. And as these last handled do utterly exclude all mixture of the Tinctures whereof they are formed, by reason of the straightnesse of the lines wherewith they be divided: so con∣trariwse those Arms that do consist of those other sorts of lines, do admit participation and intermixture, of one colour with another, for which cause

they are of Leigh termed Missils, à miscendo of mingling; to whom I will re∣fer you, touching Coats of that kind, for that he hath exemplified them at large in his Accidens of Armory.

SECT. V. CHAP. II.

IN the former chapter are comprehended such Coat-armours as consist of single and manifold lines, as well charged as simple.* 1.1052 Now shall be handled such other kinds of bearing, which albeit they consist of lines of Partition as the last spoken of do, yet (by reason of the variable apposition of some one or more lines of partition) they do constitute another form of bearing, and receive also a diverse denomination, being called coats counter-changed or transmuted. All which shall briefly, yet plainly, appear by the few examples following.

Counter-changing,* 1.1053 or Transmutation is an intermixture of severall metalls or colours, both in field and charge, occasioned by the apposition of some one or more lines of partition. Such coat-armours may be fitly resembled to the party coloured Garments, so much esteemed in ancent time,* 1.1054 as they were h••ld meet for the daughters of Kings during the time of their virginity. So we read of Thamar, the daughter of king David: Erat induta tunica versi∣colore, sic enim vestiebantur filiae Regis virgines pallis:* 1.1055 and so we read that Joseph, the speciall beloved son of Israel, was by his father clad in a coat of divers colours. Touching the high estimation of which kind of Garments,* 1.1056 we find, where the mother of Sisera, discoursing with her Ladies, touching her sons overlong stay after the battel against the Israelites, said, Partiun∣tur praedam, puellam unam, imo duas, in personam quamcunque: praeda versico∣lorum est Siserae, praeda versicolorum Phrygionicum opus, &c. Bends, (saith Sir John Ferne) or any other principall charges Ordinary, may be parted of two colours or more.

And such bearing is no novelty in Armes, but are as ancient as the Nor∣man conquest, and before, so as they are both honourable and Ancient. Of which sort of bearing you shall in part see in these next ensuing Esco∣cheons.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is parted per pale, Topaz and Ruby,* 1.1057 three Roundels counter-changed. This was the Coat-armour of Abto•• Earle of Worcester, that lived in the time of King William Rufus. Such bearing doth signifie a stout resolution of the Bearer to undergoe with pa∣tience and manly courage, the bitternesse of all times, and the sharpnesse of all darts,* 1.1058 be they never so pungitive, or full of change: as he saith; Diver∣sorum in Scuto colorum transmutatio, designat latorem omnem telorum ac temporum amaritudinem cum magna∣nimitate perferre voluisse.

* 1.1059

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is parted per pale, Or and Vert, 12 Guttes or Drops in Pale, counter-changed, by the name of Grin∣doure. Whose Family hath been of ancient continu∣ance within the Forrest of Deane, and County of Glocester, and were men of great possessions in the same Forrest. Their Patrimony is now transferred in∣to the generous Family of Baynam of Clorewall, who now quartereth this coat by the match of the heir ge∣nerall. As touching the blazon of this coat-armour, it is in your election, whether you will give it the bla∣zon above mentioned, or attribute unto them their proper terms (accor∣ding to that which hath been formerly delivered, touching this sort of charge) saying,* 1.1060 The field is parted per pale, Or and Vert, six Guttes de Olive, and as many de Or, Pale-wayes.

* 1.1061

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pale, Argent and Gules, a Bend counter-changed. This Coat pertaineth to the famous and learned Poet Geffrey Chaucer Esquire, whom Leiland and others suppose to have been born at Woodstock in Oxford-shire; but some gather by ••is words in the Testament of love, that he was born in the City of London, though his education and aboade were in Oxford and Woodstock, in the eighth year of King Richard the second. This Prince of English Poets was Comptroler of the Custom-house in London, as Tho∣mas Speght in his Additions to the works of Chaucer, noteth: and to this most learned of Poets, the most learned of Antiquaries applyeth those verses;

—Hic ille est, cujus de gurgite Sacro, &c. Lo this is he, from whose abundant stream divine,

Our Poets drink their fits, and draw their fancies fine. And being now to high Parnassus top aspired, He laughs to see the Rout below with clyming tired.

Sometimes you shall find coat-armours parted per pale, Indented and coun∣ter-changed, as in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Barrey of six, parted per pale, indented, Argent and Gules, counter-changed, by the name of Peyto of Warwick-shire. And as these are borne parted per pale, plain and indented, as in these Examples; so shall you by observation see this partition per pale of sundry other forms of lines before mentioned, Sect. 2. Chap. 3. As in part may be seen in this next ex∣ample.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per pale, Nebule, Azure and Or, six Martlets counter-changed. This Coat is borne by Sir Miles Fleetwood, knight, Receiver of his Majesties Court of Wards and Liveries.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per fesse, Gules and Argent, a pale counter-changed, by the name of Lavider. Sometime this kind of bearing hath another Charge added unto it, as in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Per fesse, Argent and Vert, a Pale counter-changed, three Lyons heads erased, Gules, by the name of Ar∣gall. a Family of good account in Kent, Norfolk, and elsewhere, of which Doctor Sam. Argall▪ Doctor of Physick, one of the members of the Colledge of Phy∣sicians of London, third son of John Argall Esquire, of East-Sutton in Kent, now living in Saint Martins Lane, 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per fesse, Azure and Or, a pale counter-changed, three buckles of the second, by the name of Spalding, some Blazon this thus, He beareth, Azure, and Or, counter-coloured in six quarters, three buckles of the second, in the first: others thus, Azure and Or, party per fesse, a pale counter-changed in every piece, of the first, a Buckle of the second.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Paly of six, Argent and Gules, on a chief, as the Field, as many cressants all counter-changed. This is an Italian Coat of rare use, which I thought fit to adde to these former, it is borne by the name of Sileto.

* 1.1062

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth parted per cheuron unde, Sable and Or, three Panthers heads erased, counter-changed, by the name of Smith, of Old Buckenham in Norfolke. Some Au∣thors are of opinion that there are no Panthers bred in Europe, but in Arfrica, Libya and Mauritania, they are plentifull. The Panther is a beast of beautifull aspect, by reason of the manifold variety of his di∣vers coloured spots wherewith his body is over∣spread. As a Lyon doth in most things resemble the nature of a man, so after a sort doth the Panther of a woman, for it is a beautifull beast, and fierce, yet very naturall and loving to their young ones, and will defend them with the hazard of their own lives, and if they misse them, they bewaile their losse with loud and mise∣rable howling.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, three Bucks trippant, regardant, Gules. This is the Coat-armour of the worshipful Company of Leather-sellers.

SECT. V. CHAP. III.

* 1.1063THere are certain other kinds of bearing of Armes, having no colour predominating, and are named of the severall things from whence they are derived, for such are abstracted either from charges ordinary or common. Of the first sort are such, as being derived from some of the Or∣dinaries intreated of formerly, have their derivation either manifest, and do keep their name, or else Obscure, and do lose their name.

Those are said to have a manifest derivation, whose Originall is ap∣parently discerned to be abstracted from some of the said Ordinaries, as from Pale, Bend, Fesse, Barre, &c. Such are these that follow and their like.

* 1.1064

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Paly of six pieces, Or and Azure, by the name of Curnay. Were it that some of the lines of Partition before mentioned were added unto Coat-Armours of these kinds you shall see a strange Meta∣morphosis ensue thereupon, if withall you do varie the colours counterly. For so much will they differ from themselves, as that they may be thought fitter to be ranged with those last handled, than with these. Hereof I will give you one example for all, viz, paly of six, parted per fesse, all counter-changed by the name of Symbarbe: but this Escocheon is not cut.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Barry of six pieces, Or, and Azure,* 1.1065 by the name of Constable. These were anciently the Arms of one Fulco de Oyry, a Noble Baron of this Realm, whose Daughter and Heire, the Ancestor of these Constables had married, and bore the Arms of the said Fulk, according to the usuall custome of that age.

Sometimes you shall find a coat-armour composed of more then of six of these pieces, as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Barry of twelve pieces, Argent and Gules. This is the coat-armour of Sir Randolph Man∣waring of Peuer in the County of Chester, Knight: In the blazon of an Escocheon of this kind of bearing the pieces of which it is composed, are always of an even number; for if they consist of an odde num∣ber, then such a coat must be blazoned otherwise: as where the Field is Argent, three bars, Gules, which consist of seven pieces, and the like is to be observed in coats of the like composition, always well remem∣bring the true quantitie of every such Ordinary, or its derivative where∣with the Field is charged: concerning which quantities, you may receive sufficient satisfaction by the reading of the 3, 4, 5, and 6. Chapters of the second Section.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Barry Nebulee of six, Argent and Azure, on a bend a Lion of England. This is the coat-armour of the Worshipfull Company of Haberdashers.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth bendy of six, Azure and Argent,* 1.1066 by the name of John de Saint Philibert; he was a Noble Knight, and lived in the time of King Edward the third. This is an ancient Family in the County of Norfolk, and have matched with divers Houses of good note, as well in the same County, as elsewhere.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Bendy wavie of six, Argent and Azure. This is the ancient Coat-Armour of Playters of Sot∣terley in the County of Suffolk, as appeareth by di∣vers seals of old Deeds, and many ancient Monu∣numents of that Family yet to be seen in the Parish Church of Sotterley aforesaid. The chief of which Family is Sir Thomas Playters, Knight and Boronet, now Lord Proprietary of the said Town.

Note, that these and such others, are no less sub∣ject to charging both in part and over, then those last exemplified, as by the ensuing examples is apparant.

* 1.1067

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Paly of six, Or and Azure, a Canton, Ermine, by the name of Shirley, a very ancient Gentle∣man of this kingdome, and descended from Henry, son of Sewallus, that lived in the time of king Henry the first, and held of him five knights fees in the County of Darby, from whom in a direct Line is de∣scended, Sir Charles and Sir Robert Shirley lately de∣ceased, Baronets; and that most accomplisht and in∣dustrious collector and cherisher of Antiquities, Sir Thomas Shirley, Knight, their Ʋncle.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Paly of six, Argent and Gules, a Cheuron, Or. This is the Coat of Sir Edward Bark∣ham of Southacre in Norfolk, and of Tottenham Highcross in Middlesex, Knight and Baronet, and of Sir Robert Barkham, Knight, his brother, of Tot∣tenham also.

* 1.1068

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, barrey of six pieces, Or and Azure, a Bend, Gules, by the name of Gaunt. These were the Arms of Gilbert de Gaunt, Earl of Lincoln, a very Noble and Worthy Family, which came in with William the Conqueror to aid him, being his wives kinsman, and descended from the ancient Earls of Flanders.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Paly of six pieces, Argent and Azure, on a bend, Sable, a Sword of the first, by the name of Sanderson of Biddick, within the Bishoprick of Durham, which is as much to say, as filius Alexandri. A like coat-armour I do find born by the same name, which is thus blazoned, Palewayes of six, Argent and Azure, a bend, Gules, charged with three Mullets, of the first.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Paly of six, Pearl and Saphire, on a Bend, Diamond, three Annulets, Topaz. This is the Coat of the Right Honourable, the Lord Sanderson, Viscount Castleton.

Without that charge, this is the coat of another Fa∣mily of this name, of which is that eminent Divine, and Excellent Antiquary, Doctor Sanderson of the Country of Lincoln.

SECT. V. CHAP. IV.

HAving given Examples of Coats abstracted from Ordinaries by a ma∣nifest derivation:* 1.1069 now followeth in order, to speak of such as have their derivation from them after a more obscure manner, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Paly Bendy, Topaz and Diamond,* 1.1070 Here you see, that this coat-armour is composed of a kind of mixture of two Ordinaries of severall kinds, to wit, of pales and of bends, borne one overthwart the other, for which cause the same is termed paly-bendy, a name not unfitly appropried to such bearing, in respect that the participation thereof is no less significantly expressed thereby, then by the self demonstration of the Coat.

Now I will shew you a coat-armour, which although it be of this kind, yet doth it much differ from the former.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Barry of six, Argent, and Sable, in∣dented, the one in the other. This coat-armour is born by the name of Gise. Some others blazon this barry bendy losengie, Argent and Sable, counter-changed; Sir John Ferne gives this same coat the same blazon that I do; but there is no doubt, but that one and the self-same coat-armour may receive two manner of blazons, yet both good.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Barry bendy, Argent and Sable. This coat-armour, as you may observe, consists of a mix∣ture of bars and bends, even as the first Escocheon in this fourth Chapter doth of pale•• and bends; and therefore I give it this blazon, for similium similis est ratio. I confess, Leigh in his Accidens of Armory, pag. 156. demonstrateth this next Escocheon, and Bla∣zons it barry bendy: and sath, it consisteth continu∣ally of eight pieces, and is properly so called with∣out any other name; but it is by other Blazoners thought to be better blazoned, barry pily of so many pieces. And so I shall, under correction of Master Leigh, now blazon it.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Barry Pily of eight pieces, Gules and Or. I doubt not, if the courteous Reader well con∣sider the form of the Pyle used in Armory, and the manner of the position of the charge of this Esco∣cheon, that he will not much condemne this new blazon given to this coat-armour. As for the blazon of Hoyland or Hollands coat of Lincolnshire, I take it to be parted per Pale indented, Gules and Or.

This shall suffice for coat-armours, having an ob∣scure derivation from some of the Ordinaries, and do keep their name. Of such as do lose the name of their Ordinaries whereof they are composed, I find onely one sort, which is checkie. And this form of bearing is also chargeable both in part and all over, as shall ap∣pear by these next examples, wherein I do omit to exemplifie the single sort of bearing,* 1.1071 because the same is manifestly and universally known, but will explain the compound onely, as followeth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth checkie, Or and Gules, a chief, Varry. This is the Coat of the Lord Viscount Chichester of Canckefergus in Ireland, and of Sir Jo. Chichester of Ragley, in Com. Dovon. Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth checkie, Or and Azure, on a chief Gules, three Estrich Feathers in Plume, issuant, of the first, by the name of Drax, and is borne by Sir James Drax of London.

* 1.1072

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth checkie, Argent and Azure, a chief, Gules, by the name of Palmer. This sort of compo∣sition (if you do well observe it) is abstracted from Pallets and Barulets commixt, yet doth it not par∣ticipate either of the one name or the other, but is termed in blazon, checkie. As this coat is charged in part, so are there others also of the same kind that are charged all over, as in this next example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth checkie, Or, and Azure, on a bend,* 1.1073 Gules, three Lioncels Rampand of the first. This coat pertaineth to the worthy Family of Clifford of Framp∣ton upon Severn in the County of Gloucester, being a branch of the Right Noble Stemme of the Earls of Cumberland.

Concerning coat-armous, having no colour predo∣minating, and are derived from Ordinaries, that which hath been spoken is sufficient: I will now conclude with one example of such as are abstracted for common charges, viz. for Fusils, Mascles and Losenges, which being born all over the Field, are termed in blazon, Fusely, Losengie, Masculy, that is, Fusil-ways, Losenge-ways, Mascle-wayes. These also are found charged, and that all over, as in this example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Fusil, Ermine and Sable, on a chief of the second, three Lilies, Argent. These Arms are belonging to Magdalene Colledge in Oxford, which was founded by William Waineflete, Anno, 1456. sometimes Bishop of Winchester.

Jo. Buddenus (in Wainflets life) affirmeth his name to be Patten, of which Family this is the Paternall coat. And that he honoured the same with this chief, to acknowledge his education in the Colledge of Ea∣ton, to which the Lilies do belong. His words are these, A parentibus (saith he) accepit hujus vitae usuram, à collegio decus & dig∣nitatem, utrique pro eo ac debuit respondendum fuit. Gessit idcirco in eodem clypeo utriusque insignia, Rombos cum liliis.

And thus briefly concluding this fifth Section, comprehending examples of Coat-Armours having no Tincture predominating in them; and withall shewing their sundry forms of Partition, Transmutation, and counter-changings; I will address my self to the sixth and last Section.

The End of the fifth Section.

Artis progressio velocius clauditur quam inchoatur.

THis sixth and last Section doth demonstrate the manner of Marshalling divers Coat-Armours (pertaining to distinct Families) in one Escocheon, as well of those that by occasion of some adventitious Accident, are annexed to the Paternall Coat of any Gentleman, as of those that by reason of entermarriage of per∣sons descended of severall Families, are therein to be conjoyned.

The Table of the Sixth Section.

• Marshalling is an orderly be∣stowing of things,
  • Within the Es∣cocheon by a disposition of Coat-armours of distinct Fa∣milies,
    • Manifest betokening,
      • [illustration] blazon or coat of arms
        Marriage,
        • Single, as when two Coat-Armours of distinct Fami∣lies are conjoyned in one Escocheon, palewayes in one Escocheon, which we may call Baron and Fem.
        • Hereditary, signi∣fied by Bearing the Coat of the Femme.
          • Upon an Inescocheon by the Ba∣ron after issue received.
          • Quarterly by their Heire.
      • Gift of the Soveraign, in re∣spect of
        • Speciall favour.
        • Remuneration of service.
    • Obscure, as when persons of distinct Families conjoyned in Marriage, have their Coat-Armours so marshalled, as that they cannot be conceived, thereby to signifie a Matrimoniall conjunction.
  • Without the Escocheon, to wit,
    • Above the Escocheon, such as are the Helme, Mantle, Crown, Chapeau, Wreath, or Torce, and Crest.
    • About ••he Escocheon, such are the severall orders founded by per∣sons of
      • Majesty, as Emperours, Monarchs, Kings. Such are the most Honourable Orders of the Garter, of Saint Michael, Saint Esprite, &c.
      • Inferiour Dignity, as the Orders of the golden Fleece, and of the Annunciation.
    • [illustration] blazon or coat of arms
      In some place neer to the Escocheon
      • On the sides of the Esco∣cheon, which being
        • Living things, the Arms are said to be supported by them.
        • Dead things, the Arms are properly said to be cottised, of or with such things.
      • Underneath the Escocheon, such are the compart∣ments or Escrole, containing the Motto, Conceit, or word of the Beares.

SECTION VI. CHAP. I.

FRom our first ingress in this Book,* 1.1074 hitherto hath been handled at large the first part of the Division of this whole Work, under the generall Head of Blazoning; wherein have been confined and illustrated Examples of the diverse and variable kinds of bearing of all manner of Coat-Armours, of whatsoever substance, form or quality consisting, together with the generall and particular rules in their proper places, for the better instruction of the regardfull Reader.* 1.1075 It now succeedeth in order to explain that our generall Head (being the se∣cond part of the first Division) termed Marshalling. Which term I am not ignorant of how far extent it is, not only in ordering the parts of an Armie, but also for disposing of all persons and things in all solemnities and celebra∣tions, as Coronations, Interviews, Marriages, Funerals, Triumphs, and the like,* 1.1076 in which the office of an Herald is of principall use for direction of others, and therefore his learning, judgement and experience, ought to be able to direct himself in so weighty affairs. But that noble part of marshalling is so absolute∣ly already performed by the industrious Pen of the judicious Sir William Segar, Knight, now Garter and principall King at Arms,* 1.1077 in his Book of Ho∣nour military and civil,* 1.1078 as that it were but arrogancy joyned with ignorance for me to intermeddle, in an argument so exactly handled: neither is here my purpose other, then to confine my self to Armoury only,* 1.1079 and so far only to speak of Marshalling as it concerns Coat-Armours. This marshalling therefore is an orderly disposing of sundry Coat-Armours pertaining to di∣stinct Families; and of their contingent ornaments, with their parts and ap∣purtenances in their proper places. Of these things, some have their place within the Escocheon, some without; and of those within the Escocheon, some have their occasions obscure, other some manifest, as are those whose marshal∣ling (according to ancient and prescript forms) do apparently either be∣token marriage, or some gift of the Soveraign. Such as betoken marriage, do represent either a match single or hereditary: By a single match, I mean the conjoyning the Coat-Armour of a man and a woman, descended of di∣stinct Families in one Escocheon Pale-ways: as by examples following shall appear.* 1.1080 And this form of impaling is diverse according to the severall fun∣ctions of persons, whether Ecclesiastical or Temporall. Such as have a functi∣on Ecclesiastical, and are preferred to the high honour of Pastoral juris∣diction, are reckoned to be knit in nuptial bands of love and tender care to Cathedrall Churches, whereof they are superintendents, insomuch as when a Bishop deceaseth, ejus Ecclesia dicitur viduata.* 1.1081 And therefore their Pater∣nal Coat is evermore marshalled on the left side of the Escocheon, giving the preheminence of the right side to the Arms of their Sea, ob reverentiam

dignitatis Ecclesiae, for the honour due to Ecclesiasticall dignity: as also in re∣spect that the Arms of such severall Sees,* 1.1082 have in them a kind of perpe∣tuity; for that they belong to a Political body, which never dieth. An ex∣ample of such impaling is this which followeth; and this manner of bear∣ing, we may aptly call Baron and Femme.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Reverend Father in God, James Moun∣tague, deceased, when he was Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Dean of his Majesties Chap∣pel royall, bore two coats impaled, viz. Azure, a Saltire quarterly quartered, Or, and Argent, for the Arms appropriated to his then Episcopall See, conjoyned with his Paternall coat, viz. Ar∣gent, three Fusiles in Fesse, Gules, within a bor∣dure, Sable.* 1.1083 Which worthy and Learned Prelate, was after translated to the See of Wincherster, and consequently made Prelate of the most Noble order of the Garter. This form of bearing, with some others before expressed, doth serve fitly to exemplifie the Rule formerly delivered, touching bordures, viz. that a bordure must give place to impaled coats, Quarters, Cantons, Chiefs, &c. I will to this former, adde one other example of this kind of impaling.

The most Reverend Father in God, Doctor William Lawde, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury his Grace, Primate of all England and Metro∣politan, Chancellor of the Ʋniversity of Oxford, and one of the Lords of his Majesties Most Honourable Privie Councel.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth these two coats impaled, viz. The Field is, Jupiter, a Staff in Pale Sol, and there∣upon a Cross Patee Luna, surmounted of a Pall of the last, charged by four other like Crosses Fit∣ched, Saturn, edged and fringed as the second; This Coat belongeth to the Archiepiscopal See of Canterbury conjoyned with his Lordships own Arms, viz. Sable, on a cheuron, Or, between three Stars, as many crosses Patee Fitchee, Gules, Here by the way you may observe, that in this blazon, I neither tell the number of the points of the Stars, they being six, nor their colour, it being Proper, which is, Or, lest I should break the two Rules given, pag. 105.

To these, with the Readers patience, shall be added one other ex∣ample, which in regard it is invironed with the Garter of the Order, merits observation.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Right Reverend Father in God, Lancelot Andrews deceased, when he was Lord Bishop of Winchester, and Prelate of the most Noble Order of the Garter (which Office always pertaineth to the said See) bore two coats impaled, viz. Gules, two Keys endorsed, the bowes interlaced in bend, the uppermost Ar∣gent, the other, Or, a sword interposed between them in bend sinister of the second, Pomell and Hilts of the third, being the Arms belonging to the said See, conjoyned with his Paternal coat, viz. Argent, on a Bend engrailed between two cotizes, Sable, three mullets, Or: both coats with∣in the Garter (for so doth the Prelate of the said Order alwayes bear his Arms.) The Works of this Right Reverend Bishop, lately published, do give sufficient testimony of his worth and Learning.

Now, because the Kings of Arms do sometimes in like manner (as Bishops use) impale the Arms peculiar to their severall Offices together with their own Paternall coats, as Baron and Femme, but alwayes in such case marshalling the Paternall on the left side, I will insert one of their impalements, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

That worthy Knight, Sir William Segar, Garter prin∣cipall King of Arms, thus impaleth the Arms pertain∣ing to his Office of Garter with his own: the coat that is peculiar to his Office, is thus blazoned, Argent, a cross, Gules, on a chief, Azure, a Crown environed with a Garter, buckled and nowed, between a Lion passant gardant, crowned, and a Flower de lis, all Or; conjoyned in pale with his own proper coats, which are two quarterly; the first is, Azure, a cross Moline, Argent, by the name of Segar, the second, Or, a cheuron between three Mullets, Azure, by the name of Cakenthorp: the third as the second, the fourth as the first. In like manner do Master Clarenceaux and Master Norroy, the other two Kings of Arms, marshall their coat-armours belonging to their severall Offices with their own Pa∣ternall Armorial Ensignes, which for brevity sake I here omit.

To the end it may be the better conceived what is meant by the right and left sides of an Escocheon or Coat-Armour born impaled after this man∣ner, you may imagine a man to be standing before you, invested in a coat depicted with the Arms of two severall Families thus conjoyned in pale: and then that part that doth cover his right side, will answer to your left: So then accounting the coat to be his that weareth it, you cannot erre in your judgement touching the true distinction of the dexter side of the Escocheon, that is due to the man as to the more worthy, from the sinister part that is allotted to the woman, or the inferiour.

The manner of such impaling of coat-armours of distinct Families (as Baron and Femme) by persons Temporall, is diverse from this before men∣tioned; for they do evermore give the preheminence (of the dexter side) to the man, leaving the sinister to the woman, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Shield is parted per pale, Baron and Femme: The first is Argent, on a Fesse between three cocks heads erased, Sable, crested, Beaked and Jellopped, Or, a Miter of the third, borne by the name of Shelle∣to. The second is Sable, a cheuron between three bulls heads truncked, Or, cabossed, Argent, by the name of Bulkley. This coat-armour thus impaled, belongeth to George Shelleto of Heth in the County of York, Esquire, one of his Majesties Justices for the con∣servation of the peace within that County, who marryed with Elizabeth, one of the daughters of Sir Richard Bulkley of Beaumarish in Anglesey, knight, and of Mary his wife, one of the daughters of the right honourable William Lord Burgh de∣ceased.

* 1.1084

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Shield is parted per pale, baron and femme; the first, Argent, a Lyon Rampand, Ermines, gorged with a collar, Or, Langued and Armed, Gules, and is borne by the name of Guillim, The second is Pale-wayes of six, Argent and Sable, on a bend, Or, three Phe∣ons heads of the second, by the name of Hatheway.

If these were not hereditary coat-armours, yet should they have this form of Marshalling and none other, because the same is common as well to single marriages having no hereditary possessions, as to those that be hereditary.* 1.1085 Onely in this these have a prerogative, which the other have not, that, the baron having received issue by his Femme, it is in his choyce whe∣ther he will still bear her coat in this sort, or else in an inescocheon upon his own, because he pretendeth (God giving life to such his issue) to bear the same coat of his Wife to him and to his heirs: for which cause this Escocheon thus borne,* 1.1086 is called an Escocheon of pretence. Moreover, the heir of these two inheritors, shall bear these two hereditary coats of his Father and Mother, to himself and his heirs quarterly; to shew, that the inheritance aswell of the possessions, as of the coat-armours, are invested in them and their posterity; whereas, if the Wife be no heir, neither her husband nor child shall have further to do with her coat, than to set up the same in their house, Pale-wayes, after the foresaid manner, so to continue the memoriall of the fa∣thers match with such a family. Example whereof behold in this Escocheon following.

* 1.1087

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Here you see the bearing of hereditary coat-armours, (both of the Father and Mother) by the son; and this Coat-armour must be blazoned after this manner.

He beareth, two coats quarterly, as followeth. The first is Argent, a Lyon Rampand, Ermines, gorged with a collar, Or, langued and armed, Gules, by the name of Guillim. The second is Pale-wayes of six, Argent and Sable, on a bend, Or, three Pheons of the second, the third as the second, the fourth as the first, by the name of Hatheway. And in this manner shall you blazon all coats of like bearing, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears per Pale, Baron and Feme, the first Er∣mine on a Fesse, Gules, three Escallops, Or, by the name of Ingram. The second, Gules, an Inescoche∣on, Argent, within an Orle of Cinquefoyles, Or, by the name of Chamberlain, which first was the Coat of John Ingram, who left Robert and Arthur Ingram, which Arthur marryed—Daughter of Thomas Chamberlayn Esquire, a worthy member of this City.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth two Coats quarterly;* 1.1088 whereof the first is Sable, Platee, two Flaunches, Argent, the second is, Gules, a chief, Ermine, the third as the second, the fourth as the first. These Coat-armours thus mar∣shalled are borne by Sir Henry Spelman Knight, a man very studious, a favourer of Learning, and a care∣full preserver of Antiquities.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Beares divided by Saint Georges Crosse and Cheuron, a Lion of England, in the first and fourth quarter, Sable, a Cheuron between three Fleames, Argent, in the second and third per Pale, Argent and Vert, a Rose, Gules, crowned and seeded Or. This is the bearing of the worshipfull Company of Barber Chirurgions.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats quarterly, viz. first Barry of six, Ermine, and Gules, by the name of Hussey, se∣condly, Or, a Crosse, Vert, by the same name and Family also. This (through a series of many Ages) was the Coat of Thomas Hussey late of London, Es∣quire, Father of Thomas and Peter Hussey now li∣ving.

Sir Thomas Hussey of Hemington in Com. Lin. Ba∣ronet, bears these Coats, but the Crosse commonly in the first place.

Sir William Hussey Justice of the Kings Bench temp. Edw. 4. bare both Coats Alternatim: he was Father of the Lord John Hussey, and of Sir Giles Hussey, from whom these are descended.

And sometimes you shall find four severall Coats borne quarterly, for the reason aforesaid, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth four Coats quarterly; whereof the first is, Sable, a Fesse, Or, betwnen three Asses passant, Ar∣gent, by the name of Ascough. The second is, Or, a Bend, Azure, by the name of Cathrope: The third is Argent, a Saltire, Gules, on a Chief of the second three Escalops of the first, a Cressant for a difference by the name of Talboys: The fourth is, Gules, three Mullets, Ar∣gent, by the name of Hansard. These Coat-Armours thus marshalled, belong unto Sir Edward Ascough of the County of Lincoln Knight.

This form of bearing divers Coats marshalled together in one Escocheon impaled, as aforesaid▪ was in use neer hand within a thousand years sithence within the Realm of France as appeareth by Frances de Rosiers, lib. Stemma∣tum Lotharingiae;* 1.1089 where amongst many Trnascripts of Kings Charters made to religious Houses, under their Seals of Arms, he mentioneth one made by Dagoberi King of France, to Modoaldus, Archbishop of Trevers for the Cell of Saint Maurice of Toledo in Spain; which Charter was sealed with three Seals.* 1.1090 His words are thse; Hoc diploma tribus sigillis firmatum est, primo aureo Dagoberti, which was (as he had formerly described it) habens insculptum scutum liliis plenum, secundo cereo Cuniberti, tertio etiam cereo Clodulphi; in quo est scutum partitum impressum, prior pars decorata cruce, ac Escarbocle, seu Carbuncu∣lo; altera fascia; Dat. Kal. Maii, Anno Dominicae incarnationis, 622.

* 1.1091Concerning the orderly bearing of such Coat-Armours Paleways in one Eschocheon; note that Gerard Leigh, making mention of the marshalling of divers Femmes with one Baron, saith, If a man do mary two wives, they shall be both placed on the left side in the same Escocheon with him, as parted per pale. The first wives Coat shall stand on the Chief part, and the second on the Base, Or, he may set them both in pale with his own, the first wives Coat next to himself, and his second uttermost. And if he have three wives, then the two first matches shall stand on the Chief part, and the third shall have the whole Base. And if he have a fourth wife, she must participate the one half of the Base, with the third wife; and so will they seem to be so many Coats quartered. But here you must observe, that those forms of impalings are meant of hereditary Coats, whereby the Husband stood in expectancy of ad∣vancing his Family, through the possibility of reciving issue, that so those hereditary possessions of his wife might be united to his own Patrimony.

It was an ancient way of impaling, to take half the Husbands Coat, and with that to joyn as much of the wives, as appeareth in an old Roll, where∣in the three Lions being the Arms of England, are dimidiated and impaled with half the Pales of Arragon. The like hath also been practised with quar∣tered Coats by leaving out half of them, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Dering hving married the Daughter and Heir of Haut. Their Grandchilde, leaving out the left half of his Shield, did in that place impale his wives Arms whereof are many examples. This being of the age of Henry the sevenths time is both carved on Monuments and coloured in glass; and is in this manner blazoned. He beareth per pale, Baron and Femme: The first of two Coats per Fesse, Or, a Saltire, Sable, by the name of Dering; The second, Or, a Cross engrailed, Gules, dif∣ferenced with a Cressant, Argent, by the name of Haut,

matched with Azure, a Lion Rampant, Or, crowned, Argent, by the name of Darel. This was thus born by John Dering of Surenden Dering in the Coun∣ty of Kent Esquire, whose Grandmother was the coheir of Haut, and his wife the sister of Sir John Darel of Calehil in the said County, Knight. The heir of which Family and Mannor of Surrenden Dering, is at this present, that excellently accomplisht Gent. Sir Edward Dering, Baronet, from whose modesty (though he be the exact patern of vertuous qualities for the young Gentry of this Kingdom to admire & imitate) I am to fear a check for this too brief Eulogie: from the other coheir of the said Haut, is de∣scended by Goldwel Sir Thomas Roe, Knight, mentioned before, pag. 292. whose deserts in publike service have made him famous: of the same na∣ture is this next ensuing impalement; as it hath been observed out of an old Roll, which receive the like Blazon. From the aforesaid Sir John Darel (of the ancient Family of Sezay in Yorkeshire,) did directly descend Sir Robert Darel of Calehil, Knight, who by Jane, daughter and heir of Christo∣pher Tolderby Esquire, left issue four sons, whereof the three eldest survive, viz. Sir John Darel Knight, (who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Ed∣ward, and sister to the abovesaid Sir Edward Dering; secondly Bridget, daughter of Thomas Denne Esquire) Edward Darel, Christopher Darel, and James darel, and a daughter Mary, married to Francis Clerke, de quo, 214.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per pale, Baron and Femme? the first of the two Coats, Luna, a Lion Rampand, Saturn, as King of Leons: The second Mars, a Castle, Sol, as King of Castile, impaled with Luna, three harrs, Jupiter, a Bor∣dure, Mars, being the Arms of the Earl of Pontife, whose daughter the King of Leons and Castile mar∣ried.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Thus also the Arms of France and England are im∣paled for the French King, Lewis the twelfth, and Mary his wife, sister to our King, Henry the eighth, as is ap∣parent by Escocheons in colours of the same age whilst they lived.

And for the antiquity of bearing divers coats quar∣tered in one Eschocheon, the same Author,* 1.1092 Francis de Rosiers, reciteth a Charter of Renate, King of Angiers, Sicilie, and Jerusalem, &c. Concerning his receiving of the brethren of the Monastery named Belprey, into his protection, Actum Nanceii, Anno 1435. adding in the end thereof these words, Arma Aragoniae, Siciliae, Hierusalem, Andes. Whereby (if I mistake him not) he gives us to understand, that his Seal of Arms did comprehend all these coats born togother quarterly in one Escocheon; be∣cause he holdeth the same form of description of Seals of that kind throughout all his collection of Charters.

As touching this quarterly bearing of many coats pertaining to sundry Fa∣milies together in one Escocheon, William Wicley doth utterly mislike it,* 1.1093 holding the same to be better befitting a Pedegree, to be locked up in a Chest, as an evidence serving for approbation of the alliances of Families or inducements to title of Lands; rather then multitudes of them should

be heaped together in or upon any thing ordained for military use. For Banners, Standards, and other like martiall Ensigns were ordained for no other use, but for a Commander to lead or be known by in the field: to which purpose these marks should be made apparant and easie to be dis∣cerned, which cannot be where many coats are thronged together, and so become unfit to the field, and therefore to be abolished of Commanders.

* 1.1094Only he holdeth it expedient, that a Prince, or Noble man, having title to some Countrey, for the obtaining whereof he is enforced to make war, should shew forth his Standard of the Arms of that Country quartered with his own, amongst those people, which in right and conscience do owe him obedience; that they may be thereby induced the sooner to submit themselves to him, as to their true and lawfull Soveraign, or Lord. So did Edward the third, King of England, when he set on foot his Title to the Kingdom of France, shewing forth the Arms of France quartered in his royall Banner with the Arms of England. But for such persons as are but Commanders under them, it is very absurd, sith thereof ensue oftentimes many dangerous errors: Et irrecuperabilis est error qui violentia Martis com∣mittitur. Having before made mention of an Inescocheon, and of the bear∣ing of the Arms of the Femme by the Baron after issue received by her,* 1.1095 she being an inheretrix; I will now here give you an example, as well to shew the occasion of such bearing, as also the manner and situation thereof.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is Pearl, a cross, raguled and trunked, Di∣amond, the paternall Coat of the Lord Sands, thereon an Ineschocheon of two Coats born quarterly; the first is Pearl, a cheueron between three Eagles legs, erased a laquise, Diamond. The second, Verrey, three Bends, Ruby, both which are born by the name of Bray. This Coat-armor thus marshalled, was boon by Wil∣liam Lord Sands, that was Lord Chamberlain to King Henry the eighth, (by whom he was advanced to that dignity) and took to wife, Margaret Bray, daughter and heir of Jo. Bray and also Neece and heir to Reginald Bray, a famous Baneret. This William Lord Sands, was father to Thomas Lord Sands, and Grandfather to William Baron Sands: and having issue by the said Mar∣garet, did thereupon assume the bearing of her Arms upon his own in an In∣escocheon on this manner, which he could not have done, unless she had been an heir, for otherwise he must have born the same stil impaled, and not otherwise, notwithstanding the issue received by her. One other example of which kind of bearing is demonstrated unto you in this next Escocheon.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth four Coats quarterly, with an Ineschocheon of pretence, viz. The first is Argent, three Cornish Choughs, Proper, by the name of Penneston; The se∣cond is, Gules, a Fesse between six Billets, Or, by the name of Beuchampe of Holt: The third is Gules, a Lion Rampand, Argent, differenced with a Cressant, by the name of Mowbray: The fourth is quarterly, Or, and Gules, a Bend, of the second, by the name of Beauchampe, Baron of Bedford. The Inescocheon is Argent, a Fesse Gules, in chief three crosses bottoney of the second, by the name of Watson, all which, amongst many other quarterings do appertain to Sir Thom. Penneston of Halsted in Kent Knight,

and Baronet, whose wife Elizabeth, was daughter and sole heir of Sir Tho∣mas Watson Knight (relict of Sir William Pope, Knight, eldest son to the Earl of Downe,) by whom he the said Sir Thomas Penneston hath issue; by reason whereof he beareth her Coat-Armour in the Inescocheon: I have omitted to blazon his Baronets mark, because it is not cut in the Escocheon.

As for the antiquity of bearing of Inescocheons;* 1.1096 I find them very ancient∣ly used a long time by the Emperors of Germany; for they always placed an Inescocheon of their Paternall coat on the brest of the Imperiall Eagle. And also divers Noble and Worthy Families of this Land used the like bearing in severall Reigns of sundry of our Kings, viz. In the time of Richard the second, Simon Burley bare in an Inescocheon the Arms of Husly. In the time of Henry the fifth, Richard Beauchamp, the great Earl of War∣wick, bare the Arms of Spenser and Clare, quarterly in an Inescocheon over his own Paternal coat-armour, and many other in like sort.

Concerning the bearing of the wives coat-armour by the husband Im∣paled, or otherwise; there are some that do boldly affirm,* 1.1097 that it is not per∣mitted by Law, but only tolerated through custom: and do (with Chassaneus) alledge for proof thereof, Quod Arma non transeunt ad cognatos & affines,* 1.1098 quia cognati descendentes ex femina non sunt de familia: because by reason of her marriage she renounceth the name of the Family whereof she is descended, and assumeth the name of her Husbands Family, as we formerly shewed, where we intreated of differences which are not permitted to the Females. And an especiall reason thereof may be this, Quia agnationis dignitas semper debet esse salva: the Agnation (which is of the Fathers side) must be preserved entire, and therefore the Honor or Arms of it, not to be carried into another Family.

Now, because some, misunderstanding the Rule given in the sixth Chapter of the first Section, where it is said, that to daughters never were any differences allowed, do hold, that the husband in the impaling of his wives coat-armour with his own, may omit such difference as her father (admitting him to be a younger brother, or descended of a younger brother) bore to di∣stinguish him from the elder brother; I think it not amiss here to observe unto the young Student in Armory, that every Gentleman of coat-armour, which marrieth a Gentlewoman, whose father did bear any difference in his coat, ought in the Impalement of his wives Arms to retain the same difference which her father bore, as in example.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, two Lions, between three Croslets Fitchee, Sable, by the name of Garth, an Inescocheoan, or Scocheon of Pretence of the Arms of Carleton, viz. Argent, on a bend, Sable, three Mascles of the Field, This is the bearing of George Garth of Moreden in Sur∣rey, Esquire, who married first sister and coheir of Sir George Carleton Baronet, Son and Heir of Sir John Carleton of Holcombe, in Com. Ox. created Baronet, 28. May, 1627.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth two coats quarterly, with an Inesco∣cheon of pretence, viz. The first, per bend nebulee, Or and Sable, a Lion Rampant counterchained, by the name of Sympson; The second, Argent, a Fesse, Gules, between three Merlions, or Sparhawks, Sable, beaks and legs, Or, by the name of Oneslow: The third as the second, the fourth as the first. The In∣escocheon, Azure, a Pile, Ermine, by the name of Wiche, which is the bearing of Dr. John Sympson of Charterhouse-yard, London, son and heir as well to his father, Mr. John Sympson of Polton in the County of Bedford, as to his mother, Martha, daughter and heir of George Oneslow of Oneslow, in the County of Salop; he married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Richard Wiche, eldest brother to Sir Peter. This coat was also born by Edward Sympson of Estling in Kent, Dr. of Divinity, Author of the excellent Chro∣nicon-Catholicum, who left a daughter and sole heir, Jane, late wife of Dr. Israel Tong.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Escocheon is parted per Pale, Baron and Femme. The first is, Or, on a Fesse between three cross Croslets, Sable, as many Escallop shels of the first, by the name of Huggen. The seond is Argent, on a bend, Gules, between two Cotizes Sable, three pair of Wings joyned in lewer as the first, in chief, a Flower de lis, for a dif∣ference, by the name of Wingfield. The husbands name, whose Arms are here domonstrated, was A∣lexander Huggen, who took to wife, Elizabeth, daugh∣ter of Humphrey Wingfield of Brantham in Suffolk, Esquire, and of Elizabeth his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Nevil knight, younger son of Richard Nevil, Lord Latimer, which Humphrey Wingfield being descended of Sir Humphrey Wingfield knight, a younger brother of the ancient Family of the Wingfields of Letheringham in the said County, bore his coat-armor so differenced with the Flower de lis. Sir Richard Wingfield, twelfth son of Sir John Wingfield of Letheringham in the County of Suffolk knight, married first Katherine, daughter of Richard Earl Rivers, widow of Henry Duke of Buckingham, upon whose attainder, H. 8. gave him Kimbolton Castle in the County of Huntingdon. His se∣cond wife was Bridget, daughter and heir of Sir John Wiltshire, knight, in whose right he was Lord of Stone-castle in Kent; he was Chancellor of the Dutchie of Lancaster, Gentleman of the Bed-chamber to H. 8. one of his Majesties most honourable Privie Council, and knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, and died Lord Embassador at Toledo in Spain, and there was most sumptuously entombed, from whom W. B. is line∣ally descended.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, per Pale, Baron and Femme; the first, Argent, a cheuron between three Boats Heads coupee, Sable, by the name of Bethel; the second, Gules, a cheuron between two Leopards Heads, and a Hutchet, or Hunters horn, Argent, which is born by the ancient Family of Slingsby, and in the first place, though it be not their own Paternal coat, but of Scriven, whose Heir they long since married, and ever since bore

this in the first place. These two Coats were thus born impaled by Sir Walter Bethel of Alne in Yorkeshire (descended from the ap Ichels of North-Wales,) he marrying Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Slingsby, Knight, sister of Sir Henry Slingsby, Knight and Baronet, who suffered at Tower-hill, 1658. by whom he had issue male yet living, 1659. Sir Hugh Bethel, Knight, Henry the second son, Slingsby the third son, Walter the fourth son, William the fifth son, and Nicolas Bethel the sixth son.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth two Coats impaled, the first being Ar∣gent, three Mascles, on a chief, Sable, as many Lions Rampant of the Field, the second Argent, a cheuron between three Cressants, Azure, by the name of Nor∣ton. These Arms, as they are here demonstrated, are born by the worthy Citizen, Robert Hanson, Deputy of _____ _____ Ward, who took to wife, Barbarah, daughter of George Norton, Citizen and Grocer of London, descended from Great Chart in Kent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per pale, Baron and Femme, first, Sable, a Cross, ingrailed, Argent, by the name of Paget, se∣condly, Sable, a Lion Rampant, Argent, by the name of Cromwel, and is the bearing of that Learned Gentleman, and judicious Physician, Doctor Nicholas Paget, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Cromwel, brother of Sir Oliver Cromwel, Knight of the Bath.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth Ermine, three Wolves Heads, couped and vulned in the neck, all proper, by the name of Milner, impaled with Sherman, viz. Or, a Lion Rampant, Sable, between three Oken leaves proper, and is thus born by John Milner of London, Gentleman, son of Richard, son of Edward Milner, Purveyor to Queen Elizabeth, which John Milner married Anne, daughter of William Sherman, descended from Suffolk.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per pale, Baron and Feme, viz. first, Gules, a Lion Rampant, Argent, crowned between, three crescents, Or, by the name of Salisbury: secondy, Argent, on a Bend, Vert, three Wolves Heads erased of the Field, by the name of Middleton, which was the bearing of Sir Henry Salisbury, of Lleweney in Denbyshire, created Baronet, 1619. He married the daughter of Sir Thomas Middleton, Lord Mayor, Pro∣genitour of a hopefull, though oppressed Family, and was (by his son, Sir Thomas) Grandfather of Sir Thomas Salisbury, Baronet, who died unmarried, and Sir John Salisbury, Baronet, now living. Of which Family, is also William Salisbury of London, Clerk of Diers Hall.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, per Pale, Baron and Femme, viz. first, Or, a Pile engrailed, Sable, by the name of Waterhouse, the second, Or, three Stars issuant from as many Cressants, Gules, by the name of Bateman, which two Coats are thus borne by Edward Waterhouse of Greneford, in the County Middlesex, Esquire, who married Elizabeth, sole Daughter, and Heir of Richard Bateman (eldest Son of Robert Bateman Esquire, Cham∣berlaine of London) by Christian, daughter of William Stone of London, which Elizabeth was Relict of Robert Hawkins of Lyons in Essex, Es∣quire, by whom she had one onely child living, Christian, his daughter and heire, and by Edward Waterhouse aforesaid her second Husband, three children, Edward her onely son, Elizabeth and Bridget her daugh∣ters, all now living, 1659.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Pale, Baron and Femme, in the first, Sable, a Cheuron, Argent, between three Croslets, Fitchee, Or, which by the name of Strut, in the second place or side, three Coats barwayes, viz. first, Ar∣gent, a Fesse, Vert, between three Torteuxes, by the name of Stanesmore, the second, Sable, a Cheuron, between three Cinquefoyles, Ermine, by the name of Woodhouse; the third per Cheuron, Argent, and Gules, a Cressant counterchanged, being the Coat of Chap∣man, which is the bearing of Sir Denner Strut of little Warley in Essex, Baronet, who married first Dorothy, daughter of Francis Stanesmore, of Frowlesworth in Com. Leice∣ster, Esquire; secondly Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Woodhouse, of Kimberley in Norfolk, Knight and Baronet; thirdly, Mary, daughter of Thomas Chapman of London, and hath issue by his second Lady, Thomas Strut, onely son, Blanch and Anne.

But now, to return to marshalling: If a Coat-Armour that is bordured be born sole of it self, then shall the bordure inviron the Coat round; but if such a coat be marshalled Paleways, with another, as a Marriage, then must that part of the bordure which respecteth the coat annexed, give place thereunto, whether the coat bordured be marshalled on the dexter part of the Escocheon, or the sinister, as in Example.

* 1.1099

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

This Escocheon is parted per Pale, Baron and Femme. The first is quarterly, Or, and Gules, a bordure, Sable, charged with Escalop shells, Argent, by the name of Henningham. The second, checkie, Or, and Azure, a Fesse, Ermine, by the name of Calthrop. Here you see that part of the bordure exempted, that is next to the impaled coat: so should it also have been if the same had been marshalled on the sinister side.

By occasion of this Bordure, I will shew you in like manner, how if a Coat-Armour bordured be ho∣noured with a Canton quarter, &c. the bordure must in like manner give place unto them, as in these next examples may be seen.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Gules, a Cheuron between three Lions paws, erected and erased within a bordure, Argent, on a Chief of the second, an Eagle displayed, Sable, by the name of Brown. Here you see the bordure giveth place unto the chief. Though this Coat may seem to be overmuch charged (to be good) yet the occasion of the addition of the chief and Eagle thereupon be∣ing duly weighed, it is both good and commendable bearing, for that it was given for some speciall service performed by the first bearer hereof in Ambassage to the Emperour.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Canton, Gules,* 1.1100 a Spurr with the Rowel downwards, Leathered, Or, a bordure, Sable, by the name of Knight. As the bordure doth here give place to the canton, so must it also to a Quar∣ter, &c. Tilliet, making mention of a Spur, saith, that guilt spurs, were fit for the dignity of a Knight, and white spurs for an Esquire; both spurs and bridles are necessary for men of command; yet with that caution wherewith Phoebus admonished young Phae∣ton in guiding the Horses of the Sun.

Parce puer stimulis, & fortius utere loris.

Ovid.

Be sparing of thy spurs, but bridle strongly use.

Note, that if a bordured Coat be to be Marshalled amongst other coats quarterly, then shall no part of the bordure be omitted, but the bordure shall environ the same round (except it be honoured with a chief, canton, quarter, &c. as aforesaid) even as it were born alone of it self.

SECT. VI. CHAP. II.

FRom such Marshallings as do betoken Marriage,* 1.1101 I come to such as betoken a Gift of the Soveraign by way of augmentation. These are bestowed either for favour or merit; though the very winning of favour with Soveraign Princes must be also reputed merit, because, Principibus pla∣cuisse viris non ultima laus est: To win great Princes love, great praise it merits.

Of the first sort are all those Armoriall signs which the Soveraign (to honour the Bearer, and to dignifie his Coat-Armour) doth annex to the Paternal coat of some especiall favorites, imparting unto them some par∣cel of his Royall Ensigns or Badges, that so he may transfer to posterities some monument of his gracious favour; and of those, some are marshalled paleways, and others otherways.

Of the first sort are the next Escocheons; and their like, wherein the propriety of place is due to those of free gift, which must be marshalled on the dexter side of the Escocheon, before the Paternal coat, Ob reverentiam munificentiae Regalis, As in Example.

* 1.1102

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Lady Jane Seymor, afterwards wife to King Henry the eighth, and mother to the most Noble Prince, King Edward the sixth; received as an aug∣mentation of Honour to her Family, by the gift of the said King her Husband, these Arms born on the dexter side of the Escocheon, viz. Sol, on a Pile, Mars, between six Flowers de lis, Jupiter, three Lions passant gardant, of the first: impaled with her Paternal Coat, viz. Mars, two Angels wings, paleways inverted, Sol.

* 1.1103

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Upon like consideration, the said King Henry the eighth, gave unto the Lady Katharine Howard his fourth wife, in token of speciall favour, and as an augmentation of Honour, these Arms on the dexter part of this Escocheon, which for like respect were preferred before her Paternall Coat, viz. Jupiter, three Flowers de lis in pale, Sol, between two Flanches, Ermine, each charged with a Rose, Mars, conjoyned with her Paternal Coat, viz. Mars, a Bend between six cross Croslets Fitchee, Luna.

* 1.1104

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Moreover, the said King Henry the eighth, for the respect aforesaid, gave unto his sixth and last wife, the Lady Katharine Parre, as an increase of Honor to her and to her Family, these Arms on the dexter side of the Escocheon, viz. Sol, on a Pile between six Roses, Mars, three others, Luna; annexed to her Paternall Coat, scil. Luna, two Bars, Jupiter, a Bordure Ingrailed, Saturn.

* 1.1105These may serve sufficiently to exemplifie the bearing of augmentations or additions of Honour annexed to Paternall Coat-Armours Paleways. Now shall follow such as are Marshalled with them after some other man∣ner, for in some of them there is annexed, a part in a part; in other some, the whole in a part. By a part in a part, I mean, the annexing of a parcel of the Royall Ensigns or Badges of the Soveraign, in or upon some one portion of the Escocheon,* 1.1106 as in or upon a Canton, Chief, Quarter, &c. as followeth in these next examples.

* 1.1107

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, the Wheel of a Water-mill, Or. This was the coat-armour of that worthy Gentleman, Nicolas de Moline, a Noble Senator of the Magnificent State of Venice, who being imployed by the most Noble Duke and the State in Ambassage to the sacred Majesty of our late dread Soveraign, King James, upon acceptable service by him performed, both to his then Majesty, and to the said State, it pleased his High∣ness, not onely graciously to remunerate him with the dignity of Knighthood in an honourable assembly of many noble Peers, Ladies, Knights and Gentlemen; but also for a further ho∣nour by his Highness Letters Patents under his great Seal of England, to

ennoblish the Coat-armour of the said Nicolas de Moline, by way of augmen∣tation, with a Canton, Argent, the charge whereof doth participate of the Royall badges of the severall Kingdoms of England and Scotland, viz. of the red Rose of England, and Thistle of Scotland, conjoyned pale-wayes; as by the said Letters Patents appeareth in these words:* 1.1108 Eundem Dominum Nicholaum de Moline in frequenti Procerum nostrorum praesentia, Equitem aura∣tum merito creavimus. Et insuper equestri huic dignitati in honoris accessionem ad∣jecimus, ut in avito Clypeo gentilitio Cantonem gestet argenteum, cum Angliae Rosa rubente partita & Scotiae Carduo virente conjunctum: Quae ex Insignibus nostris Regiis speciali nostra gratia discerpsimus, ut virtuti bene merenti suus constaret honor: Et nostrae in tantum virum benevolentiae testimonium in perpetuum ex∣taret.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, a Chief, Azure, over all a Lyon Rampant, Gules, Crowned, Or. This is the Coat-ar∣mour of Sir Henry, St. George, Knight, Richmond He∣rald, who being imployed by the Sacred Majesty of our dread Soveraigne King Charles, to Gustavus Adol∣phus King of Swethland, Anno Dom. 1627. When the order of the Garter was sent to that King, was not onely remunerated by the said King of Swethland, with the dignity of Knight-hood, but also by Letters Patents under the Kings great Seal, had his Coat-ar∣mour by way of augmentation, adorned with a Canton, Or, charged with the Armes of the Kingdom of Swethland, viz. In an Escocheon Azure, three Crowns, as by the said Letters Patents bearing date the 26. day of Sep∣tember, in the year of our Lord God, 1627. appeareth. This kind of Aug∣mentation agreeing in nature with the former, I thought not amisse to in∣sert here. These Arms thus marshalled, as in the Escocheon is demonstra∣ted may receive this blazon, He beareth, Argent, a Chief, Azure, over all a Lyon Rampant, Gules, Crowned, Or, on a Canton of the fourth, an Escocheon as the second, charged with three Crowns. Here in this Blazon I tell not the colour of the Crowns, it being Or, for the reason given, pag. 272. And here I think it not impertinent to the matter here handled, to treat of such Augmentations as our late Soveraign King James, of happy memory granted to Baronets of this Kingdome, who for certain disburse∣ments towards the Plantation in Ʋlster, in the Kingdom of Ireland, created divers into this dignity, and made it hereditary. To which Baronets his said Majesty by decree granted, that they and their descendants shall and may bear either in a Canton in their Coat of Armes, or in an Inescocheon at their election, in a Field, Argent, a hand, Gules, examples of which bea∣ring by Baronets, you may find in divers places of this present Book. But here I cannot but give a Caveat to those worthy personages who have been created into this dignity, that they should be more carefull than ma∣ny of them have formerly been, in bearing of this worthy Augmentation, for there are some of these who being mis-instructed by some pretenders to the knowledge of Armory, have very incongruously and contrary to the Rules of Heraldry, without consultation had with any Officer of Armes marshalled this Augmentation with their own Armes in places im∣proper.

Sometimes these Augmentations are found to be borne upon the Chief of the Escocheon, above the Paternall Coat, as in this next example.

* 1.1109

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Topaz, two Bars, Saphire, a Chief quarterly, Jupiter and Mars, on the first two Flowers de lis, Sol; the second charged with one Lion passant gardant of the last, the third as the second, the fourth as the first. This Coat belongeth to the Right Ho∣nourable the Earl of Rutland, Lord Rose of Hamlake, Trusbut and Belvoire, which was given in augmenta∣tion to this Family, they being descended of the blood Royall from King Edward the fourth. This also is a form of bearing of a part in a part: for here is abated one Flower de lis of the Arms of France, and two Lions of the Arms of England, and born on the chief part of the Escocheon.

* 1.1110Now, in the next place, by the whole in a part, I mean, the bearing of the Royall Ensigns of the Soveraign wholy in some part of the Escocheon, as in example.

* 1.1111

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The Field is, Topaze, a Fesse of the Soveraign En∣signs within a bordure Gobonated, Pearl and Saphire. This coat-armour appertained to the most Noble and truly Honourable, Edward Somerset, late Earl of Wor∣cester, &c. deceased, a Noble Peer, whose great ver∣tues were every way correspondent to the greatness of his place and Honour.

Thus much for tokens of the Soveraigns favour: which kind of gifts, though they proceed also from high merit (for the most part) in the receivers, yet we rather entitle them favours then merits, because their gratitude is the greater, by whom such Princely regards are rather imputed to their So∣veraigns meer bounty, then to their own desert.

SECT. VI. CHAP. III.

* 1.1112IN the precedent Chapter, enough hath been said of augmentations, or additions of Honour, bestowed by the Soveraign in token of Prince∣ly favour: Now of such as he giveth in remuneration of merit, either im∣mediately by himself, or mediately by his Generall or Vicegerent, either in re∣quitall of acceptable service performed, or for incouragement to future honourable attempts, which is then chiefly effected when vertue is duly rewarded. Such remunerations are conferred upon men imployed either in warfare, (be it secular or spirituall) or in affairs civil.

* 1.1113Of the first sort were those that were professed in the severall orders of spirituall Knighthood of late use in this Land, but now abolished, viz. the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem, and Knights Templers; of which the first is the chiefest, whose beginning, saith Sir John Ferne, was in the time of Godfrey first Christian King of Jerusalem.

* 1.1114The profession of this order, was to fight for Gods Honour against the Infidels, and (as they were taught by the Romish Synagogue) for holy S. John. This order was begun in the year of grace, 1120. Their habit was a long Gown, or Robe of black, with a white cross upon the brest. The Ensign Armoriall of their Order,* 1.1115 was an Escocheon, Gules, a plain cross, Argent.

And this is now known for the Arms of Savoy, by reason that the first Ama∣deus or Amy, Earl of Savoy, being in Arms with the brethren of this spiri∣tuall Knighthood at the siege of Acres, after that their Grand-master was slain by the Saracens, lest the Infidels should thereupon take a greater con∣fidence of victory by knowledge of his death, at their request, he did put on the Armour of their slain General, and the long robe of black cloth, with the Arms of the said order, and then deameaned himself with such valour in battel, that after he had slain the Admiral of the Saracens with his own hand, he sunk and put to flight the most part of their Foists, Ships and Gal∣lies, and, in fine, redeemed the City of Acres from a perillous Navall siege.

For which benefit done to Religion,* 1.1116 the Knights of the said Order re∣quested the said Earl of Savoy to advance for his coat-armour this Ensign here mentioned. Sithence which time all those that entred the said Order, have also had their Paternall coat-armour ensigned with this Cross on the chief of their Paternal coat, as followeth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth two Coats quarterly,* 1.1117 the first is parted per Fesse undee, Sable and Azure, a castle with four Towers, Argent. The second is, Or, on a cheuron, Vert, three Ravens heads erased, Argent, the third as the second, the fourth as the first, ensigned all over with a chief, Gules, and thereon a cross of the third. This coat-armour thus marshalled, was born by the name of Rawson, Knight of this Order, and sometime Lord Prior of the late dissolved Priory of Kylmane∣ham, situated neer to the City of Dublin within the Realm of Ireland.* 1.1118 Such remunerations as are bestowed upon Military per∣sons secular, are these that follow, and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Argent, on a Bend, Gules,* 1.1119 between three Pellets, as many Swans, Proper, rewarded with a canton sinister, Azure, thereupon a Demy Ram mount∣ing, Argent, armed, Or, between two Flowers de lis, of the last, over all, a Batune dexterways, as the second in the canton. Here you may note by the way, that it is no fault to repeat any word in the blazon of this canton which was used in the blazon of the Paternal coat, this canton being upon the occasion here declared added to the Paternal coat. This coat-armour thus marshalled pertained to Sir William Clark, Knight, deceased, by hereditary descent from Sir John Clark his Grandfather, who took in lawfull wars, Lewis de Orleans Duke of Longevile and Marquess of Rotueline prisoner, at the jour∣ney of Bomy by Terovane, the 16. day of August, An. Hen. 8. 5. In memory of which service the coat-armour of the Duke was given him, marshalled on a canton sinister, in this manner, by special commandment from the King, who sent his Warrant to the Heralds, willing and requiring them to pub∣lish the same Authentically under their hands and seals, for continuance of the memory thereof to Posterity ensuing; which was performed accord∣ingly: the substance and effect whereof, together with this Coat, is expres∣sed upon the Monument of the said Sir John Clark in the Church of Tame, in the County of Oxford. In this coat is confirmed my Assertion formerly set down, touching as well the use, as the dignity of the canton sinister,* 1.1120 which in worth is equall to the dexter canton, though not so usually born.

* 1.1121To these donative augmentations of Arms, I will adde certain Arms Assumptive, which are such as a man of his proper right may assume as the guerdon of his valorous service, with the approbation of his Soveraign, and of the Herald: As if a man being no Gentleman of Blood or coat-Ar∣mour, or else being a Gentlman of Blood and coat-armour, shall captivate, or take prisoner in any lawfull wars any Gentleman, great Lord or Prince (as saith Sir John Ferne) he may bear the shield of that prisoner and enjoy it to him and his heirs for ever.* 1.1122 If the same be not by like infortune regai∣ned, be he Christian or Pagan, for that is but a vain and frivolous distincti∣on. These are such as the bearers or some of their Ancestors have forced from the enemy, either in compelling him to slight, and so to forsake his Armes or ensigns,* 1.1123 or by strong hand surprise him prisoner, in justo bello, or having slain him, so gained to himself (jure gentium) an absolute interest in the ensigns of his conquered foe. And in this sense may that assertion of Bertolus be verified, where he saith, Et jam populares propria authoritate, arma sibi assumere possunt,* 1.1124 but not otherwise, because the base sort of men having no generous blood in them, are not capable of Armoriall ensignes, which are the badges of noble disposition or generous birth, and therefore they ought not to be bestowed upon such persons, Quia entia nolunt male dispo∣ni: Arist. Met. But in this sense it may be understood that he that is not descended of gentle blood, is holden worthy to bear the coat-armour that he hath gained,* 1.1125 for the apparant tokens of vertue and valour that are found in him. That the vanquisher may bear the Arms of the vanquished, I shall make apparent by this next example.

* 1.1126

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The field is Topaz, a Lyon Rampand, Diamond, lan∣gued and armed, Ruby. Peter Balthazar in his Book of the descents of the Forresters and Earls of Flanders, saith, that the Arms now borne by the Earles of that Country were won by Philip of Alsace the sixth Earl thereof, about the year of Redemption, 192. (what time he made his voyage into the holy land) from No∣bilion King of Albania, a Turke, whom he had put to flight and slain with his own hands in a battell. And this is the justice of the law Military; Quia dominium rerum justo bello captarum in victorem transfertur,* 1.1127 as Ayala observeth. Yet this is of many men holden a thing very injurious, for that oftentimes the more valorous man by meer casualty falleth into the hands of the less valiant, and the most worthy is often surprised by him that in comparison is of no worth at all. Neverthelesse the law whereupon this Custom is grounded, is equall and just, albeit the event thereof falleth out oftentimes very hard∣ly, as noteth Cassius, saying, Meliores in bello victi quandoque deterioribus parere compelli videntur.* 1.1128 For the law-makers did providently ordain for encou∣ragement of men of action, that the victor shall be rewarded on this man∣ner: For albeit the faculties and inward indowments of the mind can by no means be discovered, whereby each man ought to receive remunera∣tion answerable to the true measure of his worth and valour, yet did they prudently provide for the rewarding of them:* 1.1129 In quibus vestigia quaedam & quasi expressae imagines verae fortitudinis & magnanimitatis apparent. And Balthazar Ayala saith, Quod dicunt justo bello capta fieri capientium, non solum in rebus sed etiam personis liberis jure gentium & civili receptum

fuit, ut mancipia fierent capientium. If then the persons of the vanquished be subject to this Law, it were an absurd thing to think that the possessarie things of the vanquished should be more priviledged then their owners that are interessed in them.

SECT. VI. CHAP. IV.

COncerning Coat-Armours, marshalled within the Escocheon,* 1.1130 whereof the occasions are manifest, we have hitherto intreated: now of such as have their occasions less manifest. Those are such as being hereditary Coat-Armours are so obscurely marshalled in one Escocheon, as that thereby the beholder can yeild no reason, or yet conjecturall probability of such their union, nor may well discern them to be distinct coats: So as it often falleth out, that they are mistaken for some new coyned coat, rather then two coats of distinct Families; and so reckoned to be a Coat too bad to be born. And such marshalling is either one above another, or one upon another. Of the first sort may we reckon the coat-armour of Brown before exempli∣fied, as also this next following and their like.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, an Eagle displayed, Or,* 1.1131 on a chief, Azure, bordured, Argent, a cheuron between two cressants above, and a Rose below, Or, by the name of Mynors. This form of marshalling of divers coats, doth Ʋpton approve,* 1.1132 in case where a man hath large Possessions by his mother, and small Patrimony from his father, then he may bear his mothers Arms wholly on the nether part of the Shield, and his fathers on a Chief, in this manner. And for the better approba∣tion hereof, he setteth down an exemplary Coat, which he blazoneth after this manner: Portat unum signum capitale de nigro, & tres Rosas rubeas in campo aureo, cum uno capite rubeo, & tribus talentis in eo∣dem. Upon some such like consideration it may seem that these, be∣ing formerly the coat-armours of two distinct Families, were conjoyned as in this Escocheon appeareth, but now being both thus united, and withall invested in the blood of the bearer, through custom and tract of time con∣curring, reckoned but one coat, and born by one name.

Another form of bearing of diverse coats (upon like occasion) much different from this, doth the same Author commend; that is to say, the bearing of the mothers Arms upon the fathers (by the heir) in a Bend: And this doth he reckon to be the best manner of bearing such Arms, saying,* 1.1133 Optimus certè modus portandi diversa arma in uno scuto habetur in istis bendis, quia habens patrimonium à suo patre dimissum, & alias certas terras per matrem sibi provenientes, quibus quidem terris maternis certa appropriantur arma ab anti∣quo, ut fortè quia ipsa arma materna sortiuntur nomen progeniei suae; Tunc ipse haeres, si voluerit, potest portare Arma integra sui patris in scuto plano & in tali Benda potest portare Arma materna. Of this form of bearing you may see a demonstration in this next Escocheon.

* 1.1134

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth. Gules, a Cross flurte, Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Flowers de lis, of the second, by the name of Latimer. The first and undermost of these, was of it self a perfect Coat, and born by the name of Latimer, before the bend thus charged was annexed. And that this Coat born on the bend, is also a per∣fect coat, you shall perceive, if by Ʋptons directi∣on you reduce the bend into the form of an Esco∣cheon, and place the three Flowers de lis in the corners of the same. I see not, but a man may as well say, that the bearing of Arms of the husband or of the wife, one up∣on another on a Fesse,* 1.1135 were as good and lawfull, as upon a Bend, Quia similium similis est ratio. But these may seem rather to be conceited forms, then received grounds of Marshalling; otherwise their use would have been more frequent. But the most approved sorts of Marshalling with us, are those before mentioned, viz. Impaling, Quartering, and bearing in an Inescocheon.

* 1.1136Not unaptly may these Coats be said to be obscurely Marshalled, when the occasion thereof cannot be either certainly discerned, or yet probably conjectured, neither can it be with reason conceived, whe∣ther the Superiour be born for the Fathers Coat, or for the Mothers, And thus much shall suffice concerning Coat-Armours Marshalled within the Escocheon.

SECT. VI. CHAP. V.

* 1.1137IN the former Chapters hath been treated of such Coat-Armours as are marshalled within the Escocheon; In order it now succeedeth to speak of Marshalling without the Escocheon.

* 1.1138These are certain Ornaments externally annexed to the Coat-Armour of any Gentleman, by reason of his advancement to some Honour, or place of eminency by the gracious favour of the Soveraign, as an Honourable addi∣tion to his generous birth. Of these there are divers particulars, which being conjoyned and annexed to a Coat-Armour do constitute an At∣chievment.

* 1.1139An Atchievment, acccording to Leigh, is the Arms of every Gentleman, well Marshalled with the supporters, Helmet, Wreath, and Crests with Mantles and Words, which of Heralds is properly called in Blazon, Heawme and Timbre.* 1.1140 The French word Heulme, which we call in English an Helmet, seem∣eth to have given derivation to that word Heawme. And the word Timmer, to our Timbre, for that in the Almain tongue, is the same that we in Latine call Apex, or Summitas acuminata, and betokeneth the Crest, that is usually born upon the Helmet. For so doth Kilianus Dufflene expound it, calling it, Timbe ost Timber van Den Helme, which is as much to say, as Crista galeae, Conus galeae, Summus Apex.

* 1.1141Note, that the generall words used by Leigh, in his said description of an Atchievment, must be restrained onely to those particular persons to whom supporters (either by Law, or by Custome) are properly due: for that none under the degree of a knight banneret, may bear his arms supported. And in some Countries (as by name in Burgundy, saith Chassaneus) it is not

permitted to persons inferiour to the degree of a Knight,* 1.1142 to Tymber their Arms, that is to say, to adorn them with Helmet, Mantle, Crest, &c. as Chassaneus noteth, saying, Nulli licitum est, nec solet quis Tymbrare Arma sua, nisi sit saltem Eques militaris, Vulgo Chevalier. But with us the custom is otherwise; for in bearing of Arms each particular Country hath some∣thing peculiar to it self, and hath her proper customs which have the vi∣gour of a Law, Quia consuetudo, ubi Lex scripta non est,* 1.1143 valet quantum Lex ubi scripta est. Therefore herein the custom of each Country is to be re∣spected: Specialis enim consuetudo vincit legem in eo loco ubi est consuetudo, dum∣modo post legem fuerit inducta, alias vincitur a lege superveniente. But it may seem that such bearing is rather tolerated through custom, then allowed in the strict construction of the Law of Arms.

Now, that the things so externally annexed to Coat-Armour,* 1.1144 and also the order of their placing may the better be conceived, I will handle each part by it self, wherein I will ensue that course of Natures method, which Zanchius saith, was by Moses observed in the History of the Creation, which is, a principiis componentibus ad res compositas. The parts compounding are those before mentioned; viz. the Helmet, Mantle, Crest▪ &c.* 1.1145 Of which some have place above the Escocheon; some under it; some round about it; some on each side of it.

Of the first sort, are the Helmet, Mantle, Escroule, Wreath, Crown, Cap, &c. and for as much as with us, the Nobles are divided into Nobiles majores,* 1.1146 as Dukes, Marquesses, Earles, Viscounts, Barons and Bannerets: and into Nobiles minores, as Knights, Esquires, and ordinary Gentlemen: and that to these par∣ticular degrees, there are allotted sundry forms of Helmets, whereby their severall states are discerned: I will exemplifie their divers fashions, be∣ginning with the Inferiour sort, (for that is the progress proper to degrees or steps) and so ascend to the highest; as in example.

[illustration] helmet

This form of Helmet, placed sidelong, and close,* 1.1147 doth Ger. Leigh attribute to the dignity of a ••night, but in mine understanding, it fitteth better the calling of an Esquire, whom we do call in Latine, Scutifer, and ho∣mo ad arma. Of these, each Knight, (in time past) had two to attend him in the Wars,* 1.1148 whithersoever he went, who bare his Helmet and Shield before him; for as much as they did hold certain Lands of him in Scutage, as the Knight did hold of the King by Mili∣tary service. And they were called, Scutiferi (saith the Learned Clarenceux) a Scuto ferendo; ut olim scutarii Romanis dicti, qui vel à Clypeis gentilitiis, quos in nobilitatis Insignia gestabant, vel quia Principibus & Majoribus illis Nobilibus ad Armis erant, nomen traxerunt.

This kind of service is exceeding ancient, as we may see of Abimelech, of whom it is said, Quare inclamans celeriter puerum Armigerum edixit ei;* 1.1149 stringe gladiam tuum, & morti trade me, ne dicant de me, mulier interfecit me. Also, 1 Sam. 17.7. it is said, Et qui scutum ferebat, antecedebat eum:* 1.1150 And a little after, Verse 41. Viro illo, qui ferebat scutum praecedente eo. Sithence then the Office of these Esquires or Pages, as some do name them,* 1.1151 was to precede their Commander upon whom they attended, bearing those his Military Habiliments, it fitteth well the respective care that they ought to have for the execution of his directions, oftentimes with a regardfull Eye,

and attentive Ear, to observe and listen what he will prescribe them: and therefore the Helmet, born thus sidelong, (if I erre not in my under∣standing) doth denote unto us,* 1.1152 Attention and Obedience, and therefore is properly attributed to the Dignity of a Knight, to whom (among those that we call Nobiles minores) it appertaineth in Martiall affairs, to give, and not attend directions.

* 1.1153

[illustration] helmet

This form of Helmet (in my conceit) doth best quadrate with the dignity of a Knight, though Leigh improperly useth the same; the same, (I say) in re∣gard of the direct standing thereof, but diverse in this, that the Bever of that is close, and this open. For he assigneth this to the degree of an Esquire: wherein I altogether dissent, as well for that the full-faced Helmet doth signifie direction or command, like as the former presenteth attention and obedience, as also for that it is a greater honour to bear the Beaver open then close; the close bearing signifying a buckling on of it, as a preparation to the battell, and the open Beaver betokeneth a return from battel with glory of Victory.* 1.1154 So said Ahab King of Israel to the messenger that he sent to Benhadad, King of Syria; Tell him, Let not him that girdeth his harness boast himself, as he that putteth it off: which Tremellius thus interpreteth; Qui in∣duit arma pugnaturus, ne ita gloriator ac si victoria parta illa deponeret; that is, according to the vulgar saying, We must not triumph before the victory. And for a further proof, that this form is more agreeable to the dignity of a Knight then the former; you must observe, that if among Nobiles ma∣jores, or their Superiours (having Soveraign jurisdiction) it be reckoned a chief token of honour to bear their peculiar Helmets full-faced and open; then doubtless, amongst Nobiles minores, it is no less honour for Knights (who amongst them have a kind of superiority) to bear their Helmets after the same manner: Illud enim est melius, quod optimo est propinquius; & in eo∣dem casu idem Jus statuendum est.

* 1.1155

[illustration] helmet

This fashion of sidelong Helmet, and open faced, with gardevisure over the sight, is common to all persons of Nobility under the degree of a Duke, whereof a Baron (saith Leigh) is the lowest, that may bear the same on this manner. And of these each one is sub∣ordinate unto other, as well in Jurisdiction, as in rank of Nobility;* 1.1156 as Chassaneus noteth, saying, Sicut Rex de∣bet habere sub se decem Duces, ita Dux debet habere decem Comites, seu Marchiones; & Comes seu Marchio decem Barones, & Baro decem Feudatores. And for these re∣spects, if I be not deceived, do they all bear their Helmets sidelong, for that each of them attendeth the directions of the other, to whose Jurisdicti∣on they are subjected.

The word Gardevisure, corruptly imprinted Gardeinsure, is a French term, devised for the more apert expressing of the use thereof, for as much as they do serve for the safegard and defence of the face; for so may we lawfully invent words, in case we want apt terms to express the nature and use of things, as Lipsius well noteth, saying, Datur venia novitati verborum rerum abscuritatibus inservienti.

Moreover, there are more things in the world, then there are names for

them; according to the saying of the Philosopher, Nomina sunt finita, res autem infinitae, ideo unum nomen plura significat; which saying is by a certain, (or rather uncertain) Author approved. Multis speciebus non sunt nomina: Idcirco necessarium est nomina fingere, si nullum ante erit nomen impositum.

[illustration] helmet

This kind of Helmet is proper to persons exercising Soveraign power over their subjects, and inferiours,* 1.1157 as Emperours, Monarchs, Kings, Princes, and Dukes, and such as do by an absolute Jurisdiction, manage the Government of free States or Countries. And a Duke (according to Leigh) is the lowest that may bear his Helmet on this fashion. As the first and third sort of Helmets before expressed do signifie attention and ob∣servance (for the reasons formerly delivered) in their severall degrees: so contrariwise the second and this fourth sort in theirs, do betoken authority, direction, and Command; for so do all Soveraigns; as also all Generals, Captains, and Commanders in Marti∣all affaires, and Magistrates and Governours in the managing of civil Govern∣ment, in prescribing of Orders and Directions to the multitude, use a steady and set countenance, fixing their Eyes directly on those to whom they ad∣dresse their Counsels or Commands; and such a gesture beseemeth men of such place, for that it representeth a kinde of Majestie. This property is observed to be naturally in the Frog,* 1.1158 whereof Spenser the Poet making mention, termeth it, The Lording of Frogs, because in their sitting, they hold their heads steady; looking directly in a kinde of gravity of State, with∣out any motion at all.

Now, the bearing of the Helmet in Atchievement, is sometimes single,* 1.1159 sometimes manifold. It is said to be born single, when the Atchievment is adorned with one onely Helmet, as in those hereafter ensuing shall be seen.

I call that a manifold bearing,* 1.1160 when for the garnishing and setting forth of an Atchievment, two Helmets or more are placed upon the Shield or Es∣cocheon, because sometimes for beautifying the Atchievment of some great Personage of Noble birth, or Eminent place, three Helmets are placed joyntly upon the Shield.

Touching the manner of placing diverse Helmets upon one Shield,* 1.1161 these Rules following are to be observed; viz. If you will place two for the respects aforesaid, then must they be so set, as the Beaver of the one may be opposite to the other, as if they were worn by two persons aspect∣ing, or beholding each other.* 1.1162 But if you place three helmets for any of these respects above remembered, then must you place the middle stand∣ing directly forwards, and the other two upon the sides, after a sidelong man∣ner, with their Beavers turned toward the middlemost, in representation of two persons aspecting the third.

The next in order of these Exteriour parts of an Atchievment,* 1.1163 is the Mantle, so named of the French word Manteau, which with us is taken for a long Robe. This was a Military habit used in ancient time of great Com∣manders in the Field, as well to manifest their high place, as also (being cast over their Armour) to repell the extremity of wet, cold and li••t, and withall to preserve their Armour from rust, so to continue thereby the glit∣tering lustre thereof.

* 1.1164Of this kind of habit the famous, Sir Geffery Chaucer maketh mention in the Knights Tale; where treating of the adventures of Palemon and Arcite for the love of Emely the Dukes daughter of Athens, he describeth the habits and ornaments of the Kings that accompanied them to the lists of the Com∣bate; where of Demetrius King of India, he saith, that he

Came riding like the God of Arms Mars, His Coat-Armour was of cloth of Thrace, Couch'd with Pearl white round and great, His Saddle was of burnisht gold newly beat. A Mantle on his shoulders hanging, Beat full of Rubies red as fire sparkling.

Where I collect, that this Mantle here mentioned, was worn for the purposes formerly spoken, and that in the hanging thereof from the shoulders of Demetrius it did cast it self into many plaits (as naturally all garments of large size do) which form of plaiting in the Art of Painting, is termed Drapery. Wolfang. Lazius, speaking of this kind of habit, calleth the same Chlamys mantuelis, saying, Chlamys mantuelis recensetur itidem a Tribellio inter dona militaria a Galieno Claudio, qui post fuit Angustus, data. Zanchius ait, De nostris Parthicis paria tria, singilones Dalmatenses decem, Chlamydem Dardaniam Mantuelem unam.* 1.1165 This sort of habit have some Authors called, Toga Militaris, and other Lacerna: Ego vero, (saith Lazius) togam militarem eandem cum Lacerna extitisse autumo. As we shewed a difference of Helmets used in the garnishing of Atchievments of persons of different estate and dignity, so it may seem there hath been in ancient time, a diverse form of Mantling used for the difference betwixt Nobiles majores and minores. For Franc.* 1.1166 de Rosiers, mentioning the Charter of Charles the second, Duke of Lorrain to the Abby of Belprey, 1420. he saith, concerning the Seal thereof, Portat in Tymbre Aquilam cum paludamento Ducali, whereby we may pro∣bably gather, that Dukes in those days, and in that place, had a different form of mantleing, from persons of inferiour degrees: But in these things, each Nation, for the most part, hath some custom peculiar to it self.

Rodolph, Duke of Lorrain, son of Frederick the third, was the first that bare his Arms Tymbered, as the same Author affirmeth, saying, Hic Prin∣ceps fuit Primus qui portavit Arma cum. Galea Tymbrata, ut patet in literis ejus & aliorum ducum: But I suppose the generality of these words must be restrained to that particular place. For Wolf. Lazius seemeth to affirm that such a form of bearing hath been anciently used amongst the Romanes; where he saith,* 1.1167 Atque hactenus de Christis quae in majorum nostrorum insignibus magis ad Romanum similitudinem accedere arbitror, sic ea cum pictura nostra in frontispicio operis contuleris.

Neither hath this habit escaped Transformation, but hath passed through the forge of phanaticall conceit, (as well as those Helmets before handled) in so much as (besides the bare name) there remaineth neither shape or shadow of a Mantle: For how can it be imagined that a piece of cloth, or of whatsoever other stuff, that is jagged and frownced, after the manner of our now common received Mantleings used for the adoring of Atchiev∣ments, being imposed upon the shoulders of a man, should serve him to any of the purposes for which Mantles were ordained? So that these being compared with those, may be more fitly termed, flourishings then mantlings.

But as they are used in Atchievments, whether you call them mantles,* 1.1168 or flourishings, they are evermore said in Blazon to be doubled, that is, lined throughout with some one of the Furs before handled in the first Section of this Work, as well of those Furs that do consist of more colours then one, as of those that be single and unmixt. For so the Romans used to wear their cloaks or mantles lined throughout, sometimes with one coloured fur, and other whiles with furs of variable colours, whereof they were called,* 1.1169 Depictae penulae: of which latter sort, Alex. ab Alex. speaketh, saying, Ta∣metsi legamus Caligulam depictas penulas saepe induisse; and Lazius,* 1.1170 Penula picta loscivioris vitae imperatoribus in usu fuit: whereof he giveth an instance out of Tranquillus, who saith of Caligula, that he was saepe depictis gemmatissque penulis indutus.

These were called depictae penulae, because of the variety of the coloured skins wherewith they were furred or lined, which made a shew as if those doublings or linings had been painted. Some of those doublings are of rare use at these days, which have been more frequent in former times, as I find in the Church of Gravenest in the County of Bedford, in a window, a mantle Sable doubled Verrey.

Next to the Mantle the Cognisance doth arrogate the highest place,* 1.1171 and is seated upon the most eminent part of the Helmet, but yet so as that it ad∣mitteth an interposition of some Escroll, Wreath, Chapeau, Crown, &c. And it is called a Cognisance, à cognoscendo, because by them, such persons as do wear them are manifestly known whose servants they are. They are also called crests of the Latine word Crista, which signifieth a comb or tuft,* 1.1172 such as many birds have upon their heads, as the Peacock, Lapwing, Lark, Heth∣cock, Feasant, Rust-cock, &c. And as those do occupy the highest part of the heads of these fowles; so do these cognisances or crests hold the most perspicuous place of the Helmet, as by the examples following shall ap∣pear in their due place.

Concerning the use of these cognisances or crests amongst the Romanes,* 1.1173 Lazius (having spoken of shields, and the garnishing of them with portrai∣tures of living things,) hath these words: Hactenus de clypeorum pictura, sive sculptura Romanae Reipub. celebrata, unde nimirum & nostras caelaturas in his cly∣peis, quas Wappas dicunt, profectas credendum est. Jam enim Galeas illa quoque atque coronas supra positas cum cristis atque avium alis representabat.

But that the wearing of such crests was common to other Nations as well as the Romans, Alex. ab Alex. sheweth,* 1.1174 affirming that the Almaines and the Cymbrians used helmets wrought about with shapes of hideous gaping Animals. The Carians had Rust-cocks for their crests. Alexander Magnus did inviron his helmet with a gallant Plume of purest white.

The Galathians bare sometimes horns,* 1.1175 and other whiles the shapes of living things. The Trojanes, Mysians, and Thracians bare upon their brazen helmets, the ears and horns of an Oxe. Amongst the rest (saith he) that of Covidius the Centurion, which he used in the battel that he had against the Mysians, was holden to be admirable; that he bare upon his helmet a cup, that one while did flash out flames of fire, and other whiles would suck them in. Many more examples could I give to prove as well the antiquity as the generall use of crests; but holding this to be sufficient, I will now proceed to give examples of things that are interposed between the mantle and the crest, beginning with those of the inferiour reckoning, and so to those of better worth and estimation.

* 1.1176

[illustration] escroll

It may seem an inveterate and overworn fashion in this age to bear a Crest upon an Es∣croll made of this or some other like manner; but how obso∣lete soever the same may be thought, Ger. Leigh doth confi∣dently affirm, that both in the time of King Henry the fifth, and long after, no man had his Badge set on a Wreath under the degree of a Knight: But howsoever time and usurpation concurring with prescription, hath so much prevailed, that it will be a matter of great difficulty to reduce men to that form of bearing so long neglected, yet may you observe that our most Noble Prince of Wales himself, to this day, thus beareth his Badge.

[illustration] wreath

This is an ancient Ornament of the head, and much in use with the Turks and Saracens, A∣mongst all the interpositions before mentioned that are placed between the Mantle and the crest, there is none of so frequent use as this; which sometimes is called in Blazon a Wreath, because it is made of two coloured silks, or more, wreathed together; sometimes also a Torce, for the same cause: Nempe quia torquetur, because it is woond or twisted. The mixture of the colours of this Wreath, is most usually taken from the metall or colours contained in the Paternall Coat of the bearer.* 1.1177 For the orderly making of this Wreath, Leigh ascribeth this Rule, viz. That you must evermore begin with the Metall, and end with the colour.

* 1.1178

[illustration] cap

This kind of Head-tire is called a Cap of digni∣ty; which cap (saith Chassaneus) Dukes accustom∣ed to wear in token of Excellency, because they had a more worthy government then other Subjects. Also they used to wear the same in token of Freedome: Quia debent esse magis liberi apud Principem supremum quam alii. This Cap must be of scarlet colour, and the lining or doubling thereof Ermine. Some do boldly affirm, (saith Sir John Ferne) that as well the Earl and Marquesse, as a Duke, may adorn his Head with this Chapeau or Cap, even by the same reason and custom that they do challenge to wear their coronets, because this cap, as also their crowns are allowed them, not onely for a declaration of their Princely dignities and degrees, but withall for tokens and testimonies of Triumph and Victory. For the wearing of the cap had a beginning from the Duke or Generall of an Army, who having gotten victory, caused the chiefest of the subdued enemies, whom he led captive, to follow him in his Triumph, bearing his Cap, or Hat after him, in token of subjection and captivity.

* 1.1179

[illustration] crown

Albeit there are divers other sorts of Crowns more usually born, interposed between the Mantle and the crest; yet because this is sometimes put to like use, and that it is of all the rest the chiefest, I have selected this as an example of Crowns put to such use; the rather, be∣cause

I willingly comprehend all those of lesse esteem under it. That the Romans did bear Crowns upon their Helmets after this manner, it is clear by the testimony of Wolfang. Lazius, aswell in that I have formerly al∣leadged where I have spoken of the use of Crests: as also by his confirma∣tion thereof, where he saith, Caetera Coronarum genera in universum, quae vel Galeis in Armis suspensis ob virtutem donatae militibus, vel capitibus hominum vel Sacerdotum aut Emeritorum imponebantur octodecim invenio. Quarum, ex∣ceptis Aurea & Argentea, reliquae omnes ex plantis passim & herbis conficieban∣tur. The prerogative or preheminence of wearing of Crowns, belongeth not onely to such as have received the same for a remuneration of vertue, but also to persons, to whom the exercise of Soveraign Jurisdiction doth appertain, as the same Author witnesseth, saying, Praerogativam vero Coro∣nas ferendi non hi solum habebant, quibus hoc erat minus ex virtute concessum, verum etiam quibus ex officio licebat, Imperatoribus, Regibus, Sacerdotibus, &c. Touching sundry other forms of Crowns, I refer you to the judicious writings of Sir William Segar now Garter, principall King gf Arms.

HAving omitted in the former Sections, some bearings of signall Note and Augmentations of honour bestowed for eminent service, and some Presidents of bearing. I have thought fit here to insert them, though not in so good Method as I could wish, and first I shall take notice of an eminent Addition, the originall Patent being lately in my hands.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Or, on a Fesse between two Cheu∣rons, Sable, three Crosses, Formee, of the Field, a Canton, Gules, charged with a Lyon of England, being the Coat of Sir John Walpoole Knight, Cornet to the late King in his own Troop, to memorize whose prudence & courage in his Majesties service, particularly at Croplady-Bridge, Letithiel, the first Newbery, Rowton, Naseby, and other places, his Ma∣jesty by Sir Edward Walker, his King of Arms con∣ferd this Canton for an Augmentation, and for his Crestan Arme holding the Cornet Royall, therein the Kings Motto, Dieu & mon Droit.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, per Pale, indented, Argent and Sable, a Cheuron, Gules, Fretty, Or, by the name of Mack∣worth, of which Family is Sir Thomas Macworth Ba∣ronet, whose Grandfather Sir Thomas was so crea∣ted, June 4. 1619. which Coat also appertains to Colonel Humphrey Mackworth, Governour of Shrews∣bury. This Cheuron (as I am informed from a judi∣cious person, and it seems very probable) was given as an Augmentation about the time of Richard the second to one of this Family by an eminent per∣son an Audley (being his own bearing) to whom the said Mackworth did then belong.

I shall in the next place shew you an example of a Gentleman bearing the Coat-armour of the Company he is free of, impaled with his own; wherein note that were he not of that quality, yet he might bear the Coat of his Company in Seal, Escocheon, or otherwise.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats impaled, first Barry-Nebulee, Argent and Azure, a chief quarterly, Or and Gules, in the first and third, two Roses of the second, in the other a Lyon of England, which is the Coat of the Merchant-Adventurers of London. The second is, per Pale, Argent and Gules, a Rose counter-changed, by the name of Nightingall. I am not ignorant, that sometimes we say seeded, Or, and barbed, Vert, but I think it meerly needlesse, because we alwayes paint them so, some also will object that the first part of the Field ought to be Ermine, tis true, there is of this Family that give it so, but as a distinction, and it was anciently thus, and takes the Eye with the similitude of the Yorke and Lancastrian Badges interwoven or conjoyned. These Coats may thus be borne by Geofrey Nightingall, Merchant-Adventurer, third Brother of Sir Thomas Nightingall of Newport Pond in Essex, Baronet, who with their brother Robert Nightingall of London, Mercer, are Grand-chil∣dren of Sir Thomas Nightingall, created Baronet 1628.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats impaled, first Azure, three Ships under saile, Argent, on a Chief, Or, as many Roses, Gules, a Pale thereon quarterly, of the first and fourth charged with a Flower de lis of France, and a Lyon of England, alternatim, which is the Arms of the East-Indy Company. The second Coat, Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Oxen passant, Sa∣ble, Armed, Or, by the name of Oxinden, though there be a clause in this Book to the disrepute of castrated Beasts and Fowles, yet the Athenian Oxe is famous in History, and Capenhursts Coat is anci∣ent: This Coat was borne by Solomon Oxinden, who lived Anno 4. Ed. 3. from whom is descended Henry Oxinden of Deane in Kent, Esquire, George and Christopher, Merchants of East-Indy, who may bear their Coats as above depicted, sons of Sir James Oxinden Knight. Another Branch of this Family is seated at Maydekin in Barham, existing in the person of that ingenious Gentleman Henry Oxinden, who marryed Anne eldest Daughter of Sir Samuel Peyton, Knight and Baronet: This Family took its surname from a place called Oxinden in the Borough of Wolwich, in the Parish of Nonington in Kent.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Sable, a Cheuron Engrailed, between three Madder-bags, Argent, banded or corded, Or, which is the bearing of the Company of Dyers of London, being the first Company after the twelve, and in∣corporated in the time of King Henry the sixth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Gules, on a Fesse, Ermine, between three An∣nulets, Or, a Lyon Passant, Azure, a croslet, Argent, for a difference, being the Coat of an eminent and spreading Family of this City and parts adjacent, by the name of Ʋnderwood.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Argent, on a Chief, Sable, two Boars heads coupee, of the field, by the name of Taylor, which is the Coat of that Ingenious Gentleman and Student in matters of An∣tiquity, Thomas Taylor of Kinsted and Shadoxhurst in the County of Kent, Esquire, Son and heir of Thomas Taylor Esq by Anne Sister of Sir Thomas Henley Knight.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Azure, a Fesse embatteled, between six Estoiles, Or, by the name of Tryon, and appertains to Sir Samuel Tryon of Layer Marney in the County of Essex, Baronet, Peter Tryon of Edmunton in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, and Francis Tryon of London, Merchant, a Gentleman not to be forgotten for his judgment in Painting, and diligence in collecting (to his no small cost) rarities of severall sorts.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Vert, three Mullets of six points, pierced, Or, which Coat is borne by the reverend Divine Doctor Spur∣stow of Hackney, in the County of Middlesex: and his Brother Henry Spurstow of London, Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth two Coats quarterly. First, Sable, a Lyon passant, Argent, an Annulet, Or, for a difference by the name of Taylor. Secondly, Sable, a Cheuron, Ermine, be∣tween three Rams heads erased, Argent, Armed, Or, by the name of Ramsey, which Coats thus marshalled belong to Thomas Taylor of Bradley in the County of Southampton, Esq son of Thomas Taylor of Battersey in Surry, son of John Taylor of Rodmorton in the County of Glocester, by the Sister and sole heir of Sir Thomas Ramsey Knight, sometime Lord Mayor of London, which John was descended from Carlisle in Cumber∣land.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, on a Fesse, between six Arrowes Bend-waies, Or, Feathered and Armed, Argent, three Mores heads, proper: this Coat belongs to that Ingenious Gen∣tleman Captain William Wats of London, an eminent Mer∣chant, a great promoter and incourager of Traffick and English Plantations abroad, descended from an ancient Family of this surname in the County of Somerset, and Wilt∣shire.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Argent, on a Bend, engrailed, Sable, three Rams heads cabossed, of the Field, Armed, Or, which Coat-Armour belongs to the Family of Lampen now of Padreda, and Lampen in Cornwall, which latter took name from the by-travailing River, and probably gave a surname to this Family, its ancient Lords, from whom in an unbroken chayn of many Generations, it is now part of the possession of John Lampen of Padreda, Esquire: This name may with∣out strayning the sence or letters, seem to have taken its rise from some Colony of the Romans (who left divers sur∣names in this Isle) for Plutarch in his Apothegmes makes mention of an eminent man of this name of Lampen.

I shall here not think it unnecessary to give you an account of the four Innes of Court or Collegia Juris consultorum, being the head or chief of the residue which are called Innes of Chancery, of whose Originall suppression, opulency, and other mat∣ters of moment I refer you to the survey of London, Wevers funerall Monuments, and others, I shall onely give you an account of their Symbols or Arms, and first of the two Temples, of whom briefly thus, It was an house of the Templarii or Knights Templars, and after their suppression their other Lands were conferd on the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem, after called Knights of Rhodes, and this house came to the hands of Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster, on whose attainder it was by the Crown invested on Hugh Le Despencer Earl of Glocester, after to Aymer de Valence Earl of Penbrook. In Edward the thirds time the Students of the Law ob∣tained a long Lease of it for the yearly Rent of ten pound, a third part of this came through many hands to the late Earls of Essex, by the Sister and coheir of the last Earl and possessour, whereof it came to the possession of that worthy Gentleman William Marquesse of Hartford, Lord Beauchampe the instant Proprietor: The Arms of another third part of which House called the Middle Temple, are thus blazond.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Argent, a Crosse, Gules, thereon a holy Lamb, bearing a Banner, proper, which is the Arms of Middle Temple. If I had onely blazoned this Coat thus, The bearing is, on the Crosse of England, a holy Lamb; any man of judgment would have understood the colours sufficiently.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, a Pegasus, the wings ex∣panded, Argent, which is the Coat of the House of the Inner Temple, London.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Azure, fifteen Terdemoulins, Or, on a Canton of the se∣cond, a Lyon Rampant, purpure, which is the Coat belong∣ing to the third Inne of Court called Lincolnes Inne, which was anciently, viz. in the time of King Henry the third, the Mansion of Wil. de Haverhall the Kings Treasurer, on whose attainder, from the Crown it came by gift to Ralph Nevill Chancellour of England, and Bishop of Chichester. Afterward it came to Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, from whom it took its denomination, then it was in the possession of Justice Su∣lyard, one of whose posterity Sir William Sulyard in Queen Eli∣zabeths time sold it to the Benchers and Students there for many years before residing. Sir Thomas Lovell was a good Benefactor about Henry the sevenths time, whose Arms stand over the Gate-house: It hath been lately beautified by a stately Chappel, adorn'd with the Arms of the Benefactors.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

The fourth Inne (in Juniority) for in Scituation or mag∣nitude it gives place to none of the other, is Grayes Inne, which was sometimes the Ostery or Mansion of the said noble Family.

In the time of King Edward the third, as is confidently averd, Gentlemen Students took a grant of this house from the Lord Gray then Proprietor, which Honourable Society bear for their Coat, Sable, a Griffon Sergeant or Rampant, Or.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

That Honourable City and Metropolis of England beareth for its Coat-Armour in a Field, Argent, Saint Georges Crosse, or the Crosse of England, in the dexter Canton a Dagger, Gules, the Coat was (as is generally believed) borne plain as the Mistress or chief City of England, till Richard the second for the gallant, and eminent Act of Justice done by Sir Willi∣am Walworth (in killing that arch Rebell, Watt Tyler, and dis∣persing his whole Army) conferd the Augmentation of the Dagger, which City hath been the Nursery of many worthy persons, who have been eminent both in Court, Camp, and City, from whence also that late famous Queen Elizabeth sprunge, a City for all manner of Civility comparable, if not exceeding all the Cities in the World.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Bend, Sinister, Ermine and Ermines, a Ly∣on Rampand, Or, Armed and Langued, Gules, and is borne by the worthy Family of the Trevors, the chiefest Ornaments of which are the truly noble for all vertues and piety, Sir Thomas Trevor of Lemington Hastings in the County of War∣wick, Knight and Baronet, onely son of that noble Judge Sir Thomas Trevor, one of the Barons of the Court of Exche∣quer to the late King Charles, and Sir Jo. Trevor of Trevallen in the County of Denby, and Jo. Trevor Esquire, his son and heir apparent, Custos Brevium, of the Court of Common Pleas, and also that worthy Gentleman Arthur Trevor of the Inner Temple, Esquire, and many other persons of much worth and quality, both in England and Ireland.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, two Swans, Argent, between as many Flanches, Ermine, which is the Coat Armour of the ancient Family of Mellish, who for many descents have had their resi∣dence, and been of considerable quality in the City of London, from one of which, viz. John M••••lish Merchant, living 1560. by his son Edward Mellish, are descended John Mellish of Lon∣don, Merchant-Taylor, Robert Mellish of Ragnell in Nottingham∣shire, second Son, and William Mel••ish of Doncaster in York shire, third son, all living 1660 blest in a hopefull issue and faire estates: the said Iohn had also George his second son of Sander∣sted in Surrey, late deceased. This Family derives their rise from the County of Surrey, about Ognersh and Shalford, where they had large estates, and from thence are those also of this name in the Isle of Wight. This Name hath been (as many other) variously written as Mellish Mellis, Mellersh Mellisham, which is so small a distinction as we may rationally gather Sir Peter Mellis Knight, to have been of this Family, who with Dame Anne his wife, and Dame Dunne his Mother ly buried in the Black-Friers at Dunwich in Suffolk, See Wever 721 We find also in Record of that County of Surrey whence this Family is, Petrus de M••l••isham, 7. Hen. 2. 1161. held one Knights fee in Surrey and paid Escuage, ad duas Marcas pro exerci∣tu de Tholosae, scilicet, quando Rex obsedit Tholasam & fuit commune scutagium.

I shall give you a President of a choyce singularity, viz. the Coat-Armour of the Honourable Sir Gervas Clifton, of Clifton in the County of Nottingham, Knight and Baronet, marshalled with his seven wives, which are thus described or blazoned.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears a Baron or Man impaled, or in pale, between his seven Femmes or Wives, four on the dexter side, and three on the sinister, all barwaies, and first in the middle, Sable, se∣my de Cinquefoyles, a Lyon Rampant, Argent, by the name of Clifton: then in the chief dexter, Ruby, a Cheuron be∣tween three Crosses botony, Topaz, being the Coat of the Lady Pènelope Rich, first wife of the said Sir Gervas, Daughter of the right Honourable Robert Earl of Warwick. Secondly, on the same side checky, Topaz and Saphire, a Fesse, Ruby, being the Coat of the Lady Frances Clifford, Daughter of the right Honourable Francis Earl of Cumberland, second wife of the said Sir Gervas. Thirdly, per Pale, Azure and Argent, a Griffon passant, coun∣ter-changed, by the name of Egioke third wife. Fourthly, in the base dexter, Gules, three Cheurons, Argent, by the name of Meek fourth wife. Fifthly, in the chief Sinister, Argent, two Bars, Gules, in chief, a Mullet, Sable, by the name of South, fifth wife. Sixthly, Argent, on a Cheuron, Sable, three Caterfoyles, Or, by the name of Eyre, being sixth wife. Seventhly, Pearl, a Manch, Diamond, which is the Coat of the Lady Alice, Daughter of the right Honourable Henry Hastings Earl of Hu••tington the seventh and present wife of the said Sir Gervas.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Azure, a Bulls head coupee at the neck, Argent, Winged and Armed, Or, which is the Coat of that eminent Citizen Derick Hoast of London, Merchant.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears, Azure, three Dol∣phins Hauriant, Or, being the Coat-Armour of Peter Vandeput of London, Merchant, living 1659. and Giles Vandeput his Brother, lately deceased.

Gules, on a Cheuron, Argent, between three paire of Garbes Saltire-waies, Or, three Tuns, or Barrels, Sable, which is the Coat of the Company of Brewers of London, who were incorporated by the said King Henry the sixth.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears Argent, a Bend between two Cottizes Engrailed, Sable, a Martlet for the difference of a fourth Brother, which belongeth to John Whitfield of the Middle-Temple, London, Esquire, eldest son of John Whitfield, descended from a fourth house of the Family of Whitfield in Northumberland.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Pale, Baron and Femme, first Gules, a Fesse, Argent, between three Plates, by the name of Minors, impaled, with Or, two Bars, Gules, in Chief, three Torteuxes, by the name of Wake, and is thus borne by Richard Minors of Lon∣don, Merchant, who marryed Elizabeth Daughter of Sir John Wake of Clevedon in the County of So∣merset, Baronet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth per Pale, Baron and Femme, the fir•• Argent, five Palets, Sable, by the name of Kendrick, secondly, Argent, a Cheuron between three Ravens heads Erased, Sable, by the name of Bradine, and is thus borne by that ingenious honest Gentleman Thomas Kendrick, son of John Kendrick Alderman of London, Lord Mayor 1651.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He bears two Coats impaled, Baron and Femme, the first Argent, on a Bend, Cottized, Sable, three Lozenges, Ermine, by the name of Ryves, secondly, Argent, three Bulls heads cabossed, Sable, Armed, Or, by the name of Walrond, and might be borne by any of the three following Gentlemen.

1. Sir William Ryves Attorny Generall for the Kingdome of Ireland, who marryed Dorothy Daugh∣ter of Sir Richard Waldron or Walrond Knight.

2 Sir Thomas Rives the Kings Advocate married Elizabeth daughter of the said Sir Richard Walrond.

3 Brune Rives Doctor of Divinity and Deane of Chichester married Kathe∣rine Daughter of the same Sir Richard Walrond Knight.

Of this Family is also that worthy Citizen Richard Rives of London Mer∣chant, Deputy of Dowgate Ward, and his brother J••hn Rives Merchant, be∣ing all desce ded from the ancient Family of this sirname at Damerey court near Blandford in the County of Dorcet.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

Now I shall give you an example of the bearing of a woman not being under Covert Baron, and I can no where finde a more illustrious president then that great and vertuous Lady, Christian, Countesse Dowa∣ger of Devon, Widow of William Cavendish, Baron of Hardwicke, and Earle of Devonshire, deceased, and Moth••r of the Right Honou∣rable William now Earle of Devon: Daugh∣ter of Edward Lord Bruce, and Sister of Tho∣mas Earle of Elgin, which Ladies Arms are thus emblazoned. She beareth as a Widow (viz) in a Lozenge two Coats impaled: First Diamond, three Bucks heads pearle, Atti∣red, Topaz, by the name of Cavendish.

The second Topaz, a Saltier and chiefe, Ruby, by the name of Bruc. I shall for the better illustration of this give you another example or two of Widows, and then treat of Maids.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beareth in a Lozenge per pale, Baron and Femme, the first of two Coats per F••sse, wherefore the former is Ermine, a Flower-de-Lis, and on a chiefe, Sable, a Mullet, Or, by the name of Gaire. The other Ruby, a Cheuron between three Crosses, Boton, To∣paz, a Labell for a difference, by the name of Rich; And on the sinister side pearle, a Ch••veron Diamond, in the dexter point, a Cinquefoyle, Ruby, by the name of Ricard, which said Coats belong to the Right Ho∣nourable the Lady Kensington, onely childe of Andrew Ricard Alderman of London, who was first married to John Gair Esq eldest son of Sir John Gaire Knight, Lord Major, and since his decease to Henry Lo••d Rich of Kensington, Heire apparent to the Earldome of Holland, by whose deplored death she became a second time a Widow.

And in this manner are those bearings to be marshalled, where the wo∣man being a Widow, will make use of both her Husbands Coats.

Some may perhaps object that the Label should have been in cheif, and extended to the sides of the Escocheon; but let them know 'tis a grand er∣rour to draw or paint them so: These Labels as in Prideaux, Barington,

Hellesby, &c. being a charge and part of the Coat, nor is there any reason we should make the eldest brothers difference so large, when we alwayes draw the differences of the younger brothers as small as may be, that of Labels being a very ancient bearing, but these distinctions for brother's a new (though necessary) invention.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beareth two Coats impaled, the first Gules, semy-de-Mullets, Or, three swords barwayes, proper, the middlemost encoun∣tring the other two: A canton per Fesse, Ar∣gent and Vert, thereon, a Lyon of England by the name of Chute. The second Argent, a Cheuron, Gules, between three Flower-De-Lis Sable by the name of Dixwel; Which Coats are borne thus empaled by Elizabeth, daughter of Marke Dixwel of Brome in Barham in Kent, Esquire, late wife, now widow of Edward Chute of Surrenden in Bethersden in the said County, a very hopefull Gentleman, descended from Philip Chute, Captaine of Camber Castle, and Standard bearer to the men of Armes of the Kings band at the siege of Bulloigne, where for his va∣liant service King Henry the 8. gave him the Canton for an augmentation or badge of honour, whose eldest sonne was Father of Sir George Chute of Bristow-Causey in Surry, Knight, Father of George Chute Esquire now there residing, 1659.

Thus much for the bearing of Widows, who may on no pretence what∣soever beare either their paternall Coat or their Husbands Coate simple, or alone; for if in an Escocheon or Shield, then all people take it for the bear∣ing of a man; If in a Lozenge, then is it the bearing proper onely to a Maid, as the following examples will demonstrate.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beares (in a Lozenge as the bearing of a Maiden Lady) two Coats quarterly: First, Gules, two wings conjoyned or impaled Or. by the name of Seymor. The second Or. a Fesse engrailed, Azure, between three Escal∣lops Gules, by the name of Prinne, the third as the second, the fourth as the first.

This is the proper Coat of Frances Seymor, daughter of Francis Lord Seymor of Trow∣bridge, by Frances daughter and Co-heire of Sir Gilbert Prinne Knight. I shall double this example in a Cousin German of this Ladies.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

She beareth in a Lozenge, two Coats quar∣terly, viz. Hastings and Prin: First Argent, a Manch, Sable, secondly, Or, a Fesse engrailed, Azure, between three Escallops, Gules, the third as the second, the fourth as the first, thus borne by Katharine Hastings, Daughter and Co-heire of Sir George Hastings, brother of Henry Earle of Huntington, and of Seymour Daughter and coheir of Sir Gilbert Prin, Knight. This manner of bearing in Lozenges by unmarryed women, may seem to take its rise or originall from tne Fusill or spindle of Yarne, single women being called spinsters, Nunquam a Lancea transibat ad fusum, sayes Fa∣vine, speaking of Salique Land, it never past from the Launce to the Fusill, Lozenge, or Spindle: But lets find a much more noble and ancient derivation or ground, and this is it; Plutarch tels us in the life of Theseus, that in the City of Megara (in his time) were the Tombes of Stone, wherein their Bodies (speaking of the Amazones) were interred, which were cut in the forme or fashion of a Lozenge, in imitation of their Sheilds, according to the manner of Greece.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Sable, a Cheuron between three Flower de lis, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of divers Ancient and Worshipfull Families in Carnarvanshire, and other Counties in North-Wales, principally by the name of Elis Bodvell, and Bodurda, descended of Coll∣wyn, one of the Princes or Heads of the fifteen Tribes of Gwynedd, Vidz. North-Wales.

[illustration] blazon or coat of arms

He beareth, Azure, a Fish springing Bend-wayes, Argent, on a chief of the second, a Rose, Gules, be∣tween two Torteauxes, and was borne by Henry Ro∣binson, sometimes Provost of Queens Colledge in Ox∣ford, esteemed a second Founder there, he was after∣wards Bishop of Carlile, a Pious, Reverend, and Learn∣ed man, and much honoured there, being his Native place, where his Grandfather and Grandmother lived there so long in Wedlock, till they did see above three hundred proceed from their Loynes. This is recor∣ded by his Nephew Humphrey Robinson, that the memory of so eminent a person might not be buried in Oblivion.

SECT. VI. CHAP. VI.

* 1.1180THus far have I touched things placed above the Escocheon: now I will proceed to such as are placed else-where; of which some are Peculiar, some more Generall.

By such as are peculiar, I meane those that are appropriate to persons

having Soveraign Jurisdicton, and to such as we called Nobiles Majores, of which Rank a Banneret, or (as some call them) a Baronet is the lowest. These have their name of a Banner: for unto them it was granted in re∣muneration of their approved valour in Military services to bear a square Banner after the custome of Barons; and therefore are called Knights Ban∣nerets: as Master Camden hath noted, saying, Baneretti, qui allis Baronetti cum valvasorum nomen jam desierat, à Baronibus secundi erant, quibus inditum nomen a vexillo, concessum enim erat illis militaris virtutis ergo quadrato vex∣illo perinde ac Barones uti, unde & Equites vexillarii a nonnullis vocantur, &c. This order of Knight-hood, was much esteemed for the honour received in the Field for Military service, with great solemnity under the banner Royall displayed in the presence of the Soveraign: and this hath been re∣puted a middle degree between Nobiles majores & minores: but of this dignity none hath been known alive in England, since Sir Ralph Sadler, &c. But amongst the particular Ornaments belonging to the Coat-armours of persons having either Supreme or Inferior dignity, there are some that do environ the Coat-armour round about, and do chiefly belong to persons exercising Soveraign Jurisdiction, and to such others as they out of their speciall favour shall communicate the same unto, by associating them in∣to the fellowship of their Orders. Such are the most honourable Order of the Garter, the Orders of the Golden fleece, of Saint Michael, of the Annunciation: of all which Sir William Segar now Garter, King at Arms, hath written so learnedly, that to his Works I must again refer the Reader for satisfacti∣on therein; the discourse thereof being altogether impertinent to my intended purpose in this present Work.

Yet here you must observe, that a man being admitted into the Society and Fraternity of any two of the Honourable Orders before mentioned, he may in setting forth his Atchievement adorne the same with the chief Or∣naments or Collars of both these Orders, whereof he is elected and admitted a fellow and companion, by placing one of the Ornaments next to his Shield, and the other without the same.* 1.1181 In such manner did the most high and mighty Lord Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and Earle Marshall of England, bear the chief Ornaments of the Orders of the Garter and of Saint Michael.

But leaving those peculiar Ornaments of Soveraigns or others, I return to those that are communicable (by a certain right) as well to those called Nobiles majores, as to Soveraigns. Such are those which are said to be pla∣ced on the sides of the Atchievements representing sometimes things living and sometimes dead.

But these of some Blazoners are termed Supporters,* 1.1182 whose conceit there∣in I can hardly approve, Quia diversorum diversa est ratio: and therefore the Blazon that I would give unto things so different in Nature is;* 1.1183 that if things be living and seize upon the Shield, then shall they be called pro∣perly Supporters; but if they are Inanimate and touch not the Escocheon, then shall such Arms be said to be (not supported, but) Cotised,* 1.1184 of such and such things: For, how can those be properly said to support that touch not the thing said to be supported by them? Therefore, Nomina sunt aptanda rebus secundum rationis normam.

To persons under the degree of a Knight Banneret,* 1.1185 it is not permitted to bear their Arms supported, that honour being peculiar to those that are called Nobiles majores.

And these Cotises have their name agreeable to the thing whose quality

they represent, and are so called (as we elsewhere shewed) of Costa, the Rib, either of Man or Beast: for it is proper to the Rib to inclose the En∣trailes of things Animall, and to adde form and fashion to the body; in like manner do these inclose the Coat-Armour whereunto they are an∣nexed, and do give a comely grace and ornament to the same.

* 1.1186Another ornament there is externally annexed to Coat-armour, and that is the Motto, or Word which is the Invention or Conceit of the Bearer, suc∣cinctly and significantly contrived (for the most part) in three or four Words, which are set in some Scrole or Compartment, placed usually at the foot of the Escocheon: and as it holdeth the lowest place, so is it the last in blazoning.* 1.1187 Of this word Abra. Franc. writeth in this manner, Quod à recentiorius verba quaedam ipsis Armis subjiciantur, videtur id nuper inventum ad imitationem eorumquae Symbola à nobis appellantur. And indeed the Motto should expresse something intended in the Atchievement, though use hath now received whatsoever fancy of the deviser: and this Motto is of uni∣versall use to all Gentry and Nobility, of what rank soever.

* 1.1188Now as touching the Blazoning of these Ornaments exteriorly annexed to any Coat-Armour, it is to be considered that we are not tied to that strict observation in them as in the blazoning of things borne within the Escocheon; for these are the Essentiall parts of Coats, and those meerly Ac∣cidentall. For the Crest or Timber, Wreath, Mantle, Helme, &c. (saith Ferne) are no part of the Coat-armour, but Additions to Atchievements added not many hundred years agoe to the Coats of Gentry. And therefore when you haye aptly set forth all the Fields and Charges, and their colours contained within the Escocheon, your Blazon is done: so that when we shall describe any of those exteriour Ornaments, we stand at liberty for naming of our colours, and in those it is held no fault to name one colour twice.

* 1.1189Having thus set down all the parts of Atchievements, I will now repre∣sent them conjoyned to your view: and for the order prescribed to my self, in setting forth of the same according to the severall sorts before spoken of; I will begin with those that are accounted Nobiles minores (of which a Gentleman is the lowest) and so proceed in order to the highest: Quasi à rivulis ad fontem: As in examples following shall appear.

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LOYAL AV MORT

THis is the Atchievement of that industrious Gentleman Belchier late of Gilsborough in the County of Northampton, a man very compleat in all Gentleman-like qualities; a lover of Arts, and a diligent searcher after matters pertaining to Honour and Antiquity: It is thus blazoned, He bear∣eth in a Shield quarterly of four, as followeth. The first is Or, three Pal∣lets, Gules, a Chief, Varrey, which he beareth as his Paternall Coat, by the name of Belchier. The second is Sable, a Cheuron between three crosses croslets fitched, Argent, and is borne by the name of Rand. The third as the second, the fourth as the first, Insigned with an helmet fitting his degree, and thereupon a Mantle of Antique form, Gules, doubled, Argent, above the same a Torce, Or, and Gules, therein a Greyhounds head, collered, Gules, gar∣nished,

Or, his eares, Azure. in an Es••r••le underneath his Motto, or Device, viz. LOYAL AU MORT, that is, Faithfull to the death. A word well fitting his honest mind, and his assured constancy to those whom he professed love unto; in regard of which his vertuous disposi∣tion, I have thought good to honour him after his death with this poor remembrance, for many particular respects. In this you may observe the form of the helmet,* 1.1190 befitting the degree of a Gentleman. The Temple of ho∣nour (amongst the Ancient Romans) had before it a stately Porch dedicated to vertue: to notifie, that in that common-wealth there was no hope to attain to place of dignity, but by treading the path of desert. Doubtlesse this was the best policy that could be to uphold a State: for so, places of importance were best discharged, and persons well affected were most encouraged to deserve well: and out of question, such was the reason of the advancing of noble families in most States: whose first raisers were honoured for their good services, with titles of dignity, as badges of their worth; and therefore if their off-spring vaunt of their Linage or titular dignity, and want their vertues, they are but like base serving men, who carry on their sleeves the badge of some Noble Family, yet are they them∣selves but ignoble persons.* 1.1191 In which respect Aristotle discoursing of nobility, makes foure parts thereof; the first of Riches, the second of Bloud, the third of Learning, the fourth of Vertue: and to the two last he ascribeth the first place of true Gentry; because Boores may be rich, and Rake-hels may be of ancient bloud, but vertue and knowledge cannot harbour but where God and nature hath left their noble endowments. Which made Bartholus to say that good men and wise men were nobles in Gods sight, as rich men and great men were nobles in mens eyes.* 1.1192 Yet the same Bartholus ascribeth the due honour unto each kind of Nobility, which he maketh to be three-fold, Theologicall, Naturall, Politicall: the first and chief consisteth in Piety and vertues of grace, the second in the noble qualities of Nature, the third in the degrees of estimation in the Common-wealth. This last is it we here chiefly meddle with; not that we reject the two former, but that we suppose we live in such a State where the two first kinds of Nobility are re∣warded with the last kind, and thereby made more illustrious. The com∣mon phrase of forrain Nations is different from ours,* 1.1193 concerning the Titles of men of reputation: they esteeming every man Noble, which hath any excellency remarkable, above others; (so saith Iodocus Clicthovius, Nobi∣litas est generis, vel alterius rei excellentia ac dignitas:) whereas we English, repute none noble under the degree of a Baron, and with them Generosus is a greater title than Nobilis, whereas with us it is much inferiour. The truth is, that the two titles of Nobility and Gentry are of equall esteem in the use of Heraldry, though custom hath equally divided them, and ap∣plyed the first to Gentry of the highest degree, and the latter to Nobles of the lowest rank.* 1.1194 And amongst these Gentlemen of low note there are also sundry Orders, as some by bloud, some by office, some by possessions, some by sacred Academicall dignity; all which come not within the verge of this our purpose, till the State hath honoured them with the bearing of Coat-Armours, as the Ensigns of their worth.

[illustration] achievement

CONCILII NVTRIX TACI TVRNIAS

The Atchievement of a Gentleman.

HE beareth two Coats quarterly, first Argent, a Fesse, Ermine, cot∣tised, Sable, by the name of Harlstone, secondly, Sable, a Cheuron be∣tween three Leopards heads, Or, by the name of Wentworth; and for his Crest on a Helmet, befitting his degree, mantled, Gules, doubled, Argent, out of a Crown, Or, a Stags Head, Ermine, attired, Or, bearing a Haw∣thorne

bush with berries, proper: And for his Motto, Concilii nutrix taci∣turnitas. This is the Atchievement or Bearing of Robert Harlestone (now Secretary to the Right Honourable William Lenthall Esquire, Master of the Rolls, and Speaker of the Parliament begun the third of November, 1640.) second Son of John Harlestone of South Osindon in the County of Essex; and of Jane Daughter and Coheire of Philip Wentworth, a younger Brother of the Lord Wentworth of Netlested: Of this Family have been divers eminent persons, as Sir John Harl ston Governour of Hauure-du-grace in the time of Edward the fourth. Richard Harleston Valectus de Came∣ra, to the King, and conquered for the Crown of England the Islands of Garnesey and Jersey.

[illustration] achievement

COLENS DEVM ET REGEM

The Atchievement of an Esquire.

HE beareth two Coats impaled, Baron and Femme, the first, Gules on a Bend, Or, three Martlets, Sable, by the name of Collins, the se∣cond, Azure, a Fesse between three Chesse-rooks, Or, by the name of Bodenham, ensigned with Helmets befitting the persons quality, on Wreaths of the Colours of the Coats: on the first, a demy Griffon, Or, collered, Argent, the second, a Dragons head erased, Sable. The Motto, Colens deum & regem. This is the bearing of Samuel Collins Doctor in Phy∣sick, late Fellow of Trinity Colledge in Cambridge, onely Son of John Col∣lins, late Parson of Retherfield in Sussex, descended from the ancient Fami∣ly of the Collins of the Counties of Somerset and Devon, which Doctor marryed Anne eldest Daughter of John Bodenham Esquire, lineally descen∣ded from the Knightly and ancient Family of the Bodenhams of Wiltshire and Herefordshire, alli'd to divers of the ancient Families of the Nobility and Gentry. The Dignity of an Esquire is the second degree of Gen∣try, the reason of whose denomination we gave elsewhere. As in the first rank of Gentry, so in this there are sundry kinds according to the cu∣stom of this Kingdom, concerning which point you may read learned Master Cambden in his Britannia, and by the custom of England, Doctors, whether of Divinity, Civil Law, or Physick, are esteemed Esquires.

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HE bears two Coats quarterly, viz. First, Argent, three Bears heads erased, Sable, musled, Or, by the name of Langham. Secondly, Er∣mine, a Cheuron, Gules, within a Bordure engrailed, Sable, by the name of Revel; the Creast on a Helmet befitting his quality, and Wreath of his Colours, a Bears head erased, Sable, musled, Or, mantled, Gules, doubled, Argent, which is the bearing of that worthy Gentleman John Langham of London and Cottesbrook in the County of Northampton, Es∣quire, descended in a direct male line from Henry de Langham, who pro∣bably took the denomination deriv'd to his posterity from Langham in

the County of Rutland, for his son William de Langham held three Cara∣cuts of Land in Langham in that County, who (by his son William) was Grandfather of Robert Langham, living the forty fourth of Edward the third, who marryed Margaret, Daughter and Heir of Sir John Revell of Newbold in Warwick-shire, relict of Sir Stephen Mallory of Leicestershire, Knight; which John Langham by Elizabeth his wife,* 1.1195 Daughter of James Bunce Esquire, is the happy Father of a hopefull and accomplisht issue, viz. James Langham Esquire, William, Stephen, and Thomas Langham, and as many daughters, Elizabeth lately deceased wife of Philip Botiler of Woodhall in Hertford-shire, Esquire, Anne wife of Sir Martin Lumley Baro∣net, Rebecca and Sarah unmarried, 1659.

[illustration] achievement

FE MID VN BVEN HIDALGO

The Atchievement of a Knight.

HE beareth eighteen Coats quartered: The first, Azure, a Fesse be∣tween three Chesse-rooks, Or, by the name of Bodenham. Second, Or, on a Fesse, Sable, a Lyon passant, Argent, by the name of Huish. Third, Gules, three Bars gobony, Argent and Sable, by the name of De∣labau. Fourth, Sable, a Bucks head cabossed, Or, by the name of Wells. Fifth, Or, a Lyon Rampant, Vert, a la double queve by the name of Dud∣ley. Sixth, Argent, a quarter, Sable, a Cressent, Gules, by the name of Sutten. Seventh, Or, two Lyons passant, Azure, by the name of Some∣ry. Eighth, Azure, a Crosse patee, Argent, by the name of Lexington. Ninth, Sable, three Garbes, Argent, banded, Gules, by the name of _____ _____ Tenth, Gules, a Cinque-foyle, Ermine, Bellamont. Ele∣venth, Argent, three Bars embattilee, Gules, Barry. Twelfth, Or, on a Fesse, Gules, three Waterbougets, Argent, Bingham. Thirteenth, Argent, a Crosse patee, Azure, M••lpas. Fourteenth, Sable, three Sal∣tiers engrailed, Argent, Lexington. Fifteenth, Argent, on a Crosse, Gules, five Mullets, Sable, Bodenham. Sixteenth, Sable, three Pick-axes, Argent, Pigot. Seventeenth, Argent, a Crosse patee▪ Azure, a La∣bel, Gules, Bevercote. Over all in an Escocheon of pretence, France, a Lyon Rampant, Or, a Cressent for a difference by the name of Beaumont. Hereon three Crests, first on a Wreath or Torce, Or and Azure, a Dra∣gons head erased, Sable, mantled as the Wreath. Secondly, or middle∣most, a plume of Feathers, Argent and Sable, on a Wreath, Argent and Azure, mantled, Azure, doubled, Argent. Thirdly, a Foxes head era∣sed, Gules, on a Wreath, Argent and Sable, mantled, Sable, doubled, Argent, set on three open Helmets befitting the degree of a Knight, Mot∣to, Fe mid un buen hidalgo, being an Anagram of his name thus englished, Faith measures a good Cavalier. This is the Atchievement of Sir Wing∣field Bodenham, son of Sir Francis Bodenham, son of Sir William Bodenham of Ryhall in the County of Rutland, Knights, descended of a younger son of Sir John Bodenham of Nonington in the County of Hereford, Knight.

Here you may observe the difference betwixt the Helmet of an Esquire and a Knight, being the third degree of Gentry.

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OMNIA DESVPER

THe next in order and degree of precedency is an hereditary honour entituled, Baronets, quasi Petit Barons, of whose creation, priviledges and other concernments you may be more fully satisfied in a supplement to this Book, being a peculiar account of this Order.

He beareth two Coats quarterly, First, Or, two Lyons Passant, Gar∣dant, Gules. Secondly, Or, a Fesse, Varry, between three Cinquefoyles, Gules, and are both borne by the name of Ducy. An Inescocheon with the Armes of Ʋlster or Tyrone, viz. Argent, a sinister hand coupee, Gules, the Crest on a Helmet befitting a Baronet, a Chapeau, Gules, lined Ermine, thereon an Estrich rowsant, Or, Mantled, Gules, doubled,

Argent, which is the bearing of the Honourable Sir William Ducy of Tort∣worth in the County of Glocester, Baronet, heir to his Brother Sir Richard Ducy Baronet, deceased, sons of Sir Robert Ducy Lord Mayor of London 1630. created Baronet 1629. Nov. 28. Knighted 1631. who by his wife Elizabeth Daughter of Richard Pyot Alderman of London, had issue beside the said Sir Richard, and Sir William Ducy, Robert third son, Hugh Ducy fourth Son, and John Ducy fifth Son, deceased.

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DE BON VOVLOIR SERVIR LE ROY

THis is the Atchievement of the Right Honourable William Grey, Baron Grey of Warke in the County of Northumberland, who was by King James created Baronet June 15. 1619. Son of Sir Ralph Grey of Chil∣lingham in the said County, Knight, extracted from a long continuation of Knights of eminence and large estates in that County, one of whom Sir John Grey was by King Henry the fifth for his good service in France, created Earle of Tanquerville there, see Vincent. This Noble Gentleman was by the said King created Lord Grey of Warke to him and his heirs males, 11. Feb. 1623. and is living 1660. he married the virtuous Lady Cecilia eldest Daughter and Co-heir of Sir John Wentworth of Costiel in Suffolk, Knighted 1603. created Baronet 1611. (by Katharine Daughter of Sir Moyle Finch, and Elizabeth Countess of Winchelsey) by whom he hath issue living, the Honourable Thomas Grey, Esquire, eldest son, Ralph second son, and two Daughters, Elizabeth and Katharine.

He beareth, Ruby, a Lyon Rampant within a Bordure engrailed, Pearl, by the name of Grey: a Scocheon of pretence, Diamond, a Cheu∣ron between three Leopards heads, Topaz, by the name of Wentworth. For his Creast on a Barons Helmet, and Wreath of his colours, a Scaling Ladder, Topaz, the Grapple or iron Hooks, Saphire, his Supporter on the dexter side, a Lyon gardant, Purple, purfled and crowned, Topaz, on the sinister side a Cat-a-mountain, Proper, viz. greyish, erect on a Scroll therein, his Lordships Motto, De bon Vouloir Servir Le Roy.

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DIEV DEFENDE LE DROIT

THis was the Atchievement of the Right Honourable Sir Robert Spenser Knight, Baron Spenser of Wormeleiton in the County of Warwick, deceased, father of William now Baron Spenser, which Robert Lord Spenser was most worthily advanced to that degree by our late Soveraign Lord King James, Anno regni sui primo, in regard of his Lordships many Noble vertues be fitting that Dignity, who bare eight Coats marshalled in one Shield, as followeth, viz. First quarterly Pearle and Ruby, the second and third charged with a

Fret, Topaz, over all on a Bend, Diamond, three Escalops, of the first, being the ancient Coat belonging to this noble Family, as a branch descended from the Spensers, Earles of Gloucester and Winchester. The second is, Saphire, a Fesse, Ermine, between six Sea∣mewes heads erased▪ Pearl, born also by the name of Spenser. The third is Ruby, three Stirrops leathered in Pale, Topaz, by the name of Deverell. The fourth is Topaz, on a Crosse, Ruby, five Stars, Pearl, by the name of Lincolne. The fifth is, Pearl, a Cheuron be∣tween three Cinquefoiles pierced, Ruby, by the name of Warsteede. The sixth is, Ermine, on a Cheuron, Ruby, five Beisants, a Cressant in chief of the second, by the name of Graunt. The seventh is Pearl, on a bend between two Lyons Rampand, a Wiverne with the wings overt of the first, by the name of Rudings. The eighth and last is party per Cheu∣ron, Saphire and Topaz, three Lyoncels passant, gardant, counter-changed, a chief, Pearl, by the name of Catlyn, all within the Escocheon. And above the same, upon a Helmet fitting the degree of a Baron, a Mantle, Ruby, doubled, Pearl, thereupon within a Crown, Topaz, a Griffons head with wings displayed, Pearl, gorged with a Gemew, Ruby. And for his Supporters on the Dexter side a Griffon parted per fesse, Pearl and Topaz, gorged with a Collar, Diamond, charged with three Escalops, Pearl, whereunto is affixed a Chain reflected over his loynes, Diamond, Armed, Ruby. And on the Sinister side a Wiverne, Pearl, gorged also with a Collar, whereunto is affixed a Chain reflexed over the hinder parts, Diamond. His Motto, DIEV DEFENDE LE DROIT, God defend the right; being a worthy testimony both of his own honourable affection to right and equity, and also of his Lordships repose and confidence, not in the as∣sistance of earthly honour and wealth, but in the only providence of the all-righteous and all-righting God. This noble Lord was a president and patern of all honourable vertues, munificence, and affection to Heroick profession and knowledge; I (out of the obligation of my devoted mind) thought it best to produce his Coat-Armour, as ••e patern of all other Atchievements of that degree.

Of Barons.

THe reason of the name of Barons is not so well known in England, as is their great∣ness. Some derive it from a Greek word, Baru, signifying, Gravity, as being men whose presence should represent that which their Title doth imply. The French Heralds take Barons to be Par-homines, Peeres, or men of equall dignity; the Germans, Banner-hires, as being Commanders, displaying Banners of their own in the Field. These the Saxons called Laford, (whence our Word Lord) and the Danes call them Thanes.

In ancient times the name of Barons was very large, Citizens of chief Cities, and Gen∣tlemen of certain possessions enjoying that Title; and about those times every Earle had a certain number of Barons under them, as every Baron had Capitaneos under him. But times have altered the limits of this Honour; Barons being now reputed no less ab∣solute Lords, though lower than Earles: and as a Gentleman is the first and lowest degree of Nobilitas Minor; so now with us a Baron is reputed the First step of Nobilitas Major.

In which respect some have thought that in Atchievements, none under a Baron, may use Supporters; but by ancient examples, you shall find that Knights Bannerets also had that Ornament allowed them, and therefore though a Banneret hath a middle place be∣twixt ordinary Knights and Barons; yet I have omitted his Atchiemement, the diffe∣rence being so little betwixt it and the Barons. Banneret (or Baronet as some will have it) by some is derived from Banner-rent, because in their creation, after certain Cere∣monies, the top of their Pennons is rent or cut off, and so reduced into the form of a little Banner, which they may display as Barons do. But it is more probable that the Germane word, Banner-hires, was the originall both of Barons and Bannerets; which matter skilleth not much, sith this order (as before we touched) is now quite ceased in this Land.

The Atchievement of a Vicount.

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LOYAL AV MORT

THis Atchievement belongeth to the Right Honourable Sir Adam Loftus, Knight, Viscount Loftus of Ely within the Kingdom of Ireland, Lord Chancellor of the said Realm, and one of his Majesties Justices of that Kingdom: who beareth, Diamond, a Cheuron engrailed, Ermine, between three Treefoyl is slipped, Pearl, and above the same

upon an Helme fitting the degree of a Viscount, a Mantle, Ruby, doubled, Ermine: next above which is placed on a Torce, Pearl and Diamond, a Boares head erased and erected, Pearl, Armed, Topaz: supported with two Raine Deere, Ermine, Attired, Or, and for his Motto in a Scrole, LOY∣ALL AV MORT, expressing his Lordships loyall obedience to his Soveraign.

This Noble Lord was for his many vertues befitting such a dignity worthily advanced to this degree of Viscount, by our late Soveraign King James in the twentieth year of his Raign.

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TOVT BIEN OV RIEN

THis is the Atchievement of the Right Honourable Baptist Noel, Viscount Cambden, Baron Noel of Ridlington, and Hickes of Ilmington, son and heir to Sir Edward Noel of Brook in the County of Rutland, Knight, created Baronet 1611. and afterward Baron of Ridlington, to whom by vertue of the Intaile descended the Title of Viscount Cambden, conferd on Sir Baptist Hickes who was created Viscount Hickes of Cambden in the Coun∣ty of Glocester in the fourth of his reign, which Baptist Viscount Cambden hath issue by his third Lady, Hester second Daughter and Coheir of Tho∣mas Lord Wotton deceased, the Honourable Edward Noel Esquire, son and heir, a very hopefull and excellently accomplisht young Gentleman (of whose qualities I am not a more just admirer, then to his civilities a debt∣or) now in forrain parts.

He bears two Coats quarterly, First, Topaz, Fretty, Ruby, a Canton, Ermine, by the name of Noel. Secondly, Ruby, a Fesse, Wavy, between three Flowers de lis, Topaz, by the name of Hickes, the third as the second, the fourth as the first, a Scocheon of pretence, Pearl, a Crosse formed fitchee at the foot, Diamond, by the name of Wotton: The Crest on a Wreath of his colours, a Stag passant, Pearl, Attired, Or, plac't on a Vis∣counts Helmet and Crown supported by two Buls, Pearl, Armed and Cri∣ned, Diamond, Mantled, Ruby, doubled, Ermines. This Family derives it self from the ancient Family of this surname at Dalby in Leicestershire, Hilcot Staffordshire, and Newbold in Derby-shire.

Of a Viscount.

A Viscount is a degree of dignity between a Baron and an Earle; and be∣gan first to be honorary here in England, in the time of our King Henry the sixth, who by Patent in Parliament made John of Beaumont Viscount of Beau∣mont.

Here in this Atchievement you may observe that the Viscounts Coat-Armour is adorned with a Chaplet of sleighter making than the Coronet which beautifieth the Earles Escocheon.

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NEC ELATA NEC DE IECTA

THis is the Atchievement of the Right Honourable Heneage Earle of Winchelsey, and is thus blazoned. He bears four Coats quarterly. First, Pearl, a Cheuron between three Griffons passant, Diamond, by the name of Finch. Secondly, Ruby, three Lyons rampant, Topaz, by the name of Fitzherbert. Thirdly, Ruby, a Mule passant within a Bor∣dure, Pearl, by the name of Moyle. Fourthly, Topaz, a Greyhound cur∣rant, Diamond, between three Leopards heads, Saphire, a Bordure en∣grailed, Ruby, by the name of Heneage, and for his Crest on a Wreath of his colours, a Pegasus currant, Pearl, gorged with a Crown, winged and crined, Topaz, Mantled, Ruby, doubled, Ermine, supported by a Pega∣sus, as the Crest on the dexter side, and on the sinister a Griffon, Sable, erected on a Scrole, the Motto, Nec elata nec dejecta. I could say much of

the Antiquity and Eminence of this Family, but I should seem onely to repeat what is obvious in Master Philpots Kent, and elsewhere, onely thus, They are descended in a direct male line from Henry Fitzherbert Chamberlain to King Henry the first (common Ancestour also to the Herberts Earles of Penbrook.) And after many Generations in the time of King Edward the first, from the Mannour of Finches in Lidde were writ∣ten Fitzherbert alias Fynch, sometimes Herbert dictus Fynch, and since onely Finch, from whence in a continued line of persons eminent in their Country, descended Sir Moyle Finch Knighted in the time of Queen Eliza∣beth, created Baronet 1611. who married Elizabeth Daughter and sole Heir of Sir Thomas Heneage Vice Chamberlain, Treasurer of the Cham∣ber, Chancellor of the Dutchy, and one of the Privy Councel to Queen Eliz. of a very ancient Family of that surname at Haynton in the County of Lincoln, which Lady in her Widow-hood was by King James in the one and twentieth year of his reign, created Viscountess Maidstone, and by K. Ch. in the fourth of his reign, created Countesse of Winchelsey in Sussex, to her and her heirs male. She dying 1634. the honour fell to her (then) eldest son: Sir Thomas Finch Knight and Baronet, Earl of Winchel∣sey, and Viscount Maidstone: who in the year 1639. left his honour and estate to the succession of his son Heneage now Earl of Winchelsey 1660. who, by his second wife the Lady Mary Daughter of the right Honou∣rable William Marquess of Hartford, hath issue William Viscount Mayd∣stone: Heneage second son, &c. The said Lady Elizabeth Countess of Winchelsey had diverse other sons, of whom no issue continues, except from her fourth son Sir Heneage Finch Knight, Serjeant at Law, and Re∣corder of London, who (by Frances Daughter of Sir Edmund Bell) left issue three sons, Gentlemen of signall accomplishments, Heneage Finch Esquire of the Inner Temple, London, first son, a Person of eminent abilities and candid integrity: Francis Finch of the same House, Barrester at Law, second Son, and John Finch third son, hopefull and ingenious branches of this Noble Family.

Of this Family is also Sir John Finch Knight, sometime Lord Keeper of the great Seal of England, created Lord Finch of Fordwich the sixteenth of King Charles, living 1659. son of Sir Henry Finch Knight, second Bro∣ther of Sir Moyle above mentioned.

The Atchievement of an Earle.

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HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE

VIRTVTIS LAVS ACTIO

THis Atchievement thus marshalled is here set forth for the peculiar Ensigns of the Right Noble and truly Honourable Thomas Howard, Earle of Arundell and Surrey, Primier Earle of England, Earle Marshall of the same Kingdom, Lord Howard, Mowbray, Segrave, Brus of Gower, Fitz-Alan; Clun, Oswaldstre and Mautravers, Knight of the most Noble order of the Garter, and one of the Lords of his Majesties most honourable Privy

Councel; which noble Lord beareth Quarterly eight Coats: The first whereof is Ruby, on a Bend between six crosse croslets fitchee, Pearl, an Es∣cocheon, Topaz, thereon a demy Lyon pierced through the mouth with an Ar∣row within a double Tressure, counter-flowred of the first, and is the paternall Coat of the noble flourishing Family of the Howards. The second is, Ruby, Three Lyons passant, gardant, Topaz, in chief, a File of three points, Pearl, which was the Coat-armour of the Lord Thomas of Brotherton fifth son of King Edward the first, and Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk. The third is Check∣ey, Topaz and Saphire, which was the peculiar Armoriall Ensigns of the Earls of Warren. The fourth is Ruby, a Lyon Rampand, Pearl, Armed and Langued, Saphire, by the name of Mowbray. The fifth is Ruby, a Lyon Rampand, Or, Armed and Langued of the first, by the name of Albaney. The sixth is Pearl, a Chief, Saphire, by the name of Clun. The seventh is Dia∣mond, a Fret, Topaz, by the name of Mautravers. The eighth is, Pearl, a Fesse and Canton, Ruby, by the name Woodvile; all within the Garter: And above the same upon an Helme a mantle, Ruby, doubled, Ermine, next upon which is placed on a mount, Emerald, within a Torce, Topaz and Ruby, a Horse passant, Pearl, holding in his mouth a slip of an Oake fructed, Proper, supported on the dexter side with a Lyon, and on the sinister with an Horse, both Pearl, the last holding in his mouth an Oaken slip fructed, Proper. And for his Motto to make the same Atchievement absolute, these words in a Scrole, VIRTUTIS LAUS ACTIO.

This Atchievement is here proposed as instar Omnium, for a patern of the Coat-Armours of Earls, of which this Noble Lord is the Primier of England, and therefore is his Lordships Atchievement the fittest to be here demon∣strated: besides, whose Coat-Armour could more properly challenge a due place in a work of this nature than his who is not onely by his office of Earl Marshall, proper Judge of Honour and Arms, but also in his affecti∣on the most Honoured Maecenas and Noble Patron as of all learning in ge∣nerall, so more particularly of this of Armory: which Earl some years since deceasing, left these honours to Henry his eldest son, who by Eliza∣beth Sister of James Stuart late Duke of Richmond, and Lennox, has left a hopefull issue, viz. Thomas Earl of Arundel, &c. Henry second son, in whom are concentred the Loyalty, Courage, Learning, Generosity, and what has else exalted the reputation of his Ancestors in the Kingdom, Philip third son, Charles fourth son, Edward fifth son, Francis sixth son, and Bernard seventh son, all living, 1660.

Of Earls.

The Title of an Earl is very ancient, the dignity very honourable, their calling being in sign of their greatness adorned with the lustre of a Coro∣net, and themselves enobled with the stile of Princes. Comites among the Ancient Romans were Counsellors and near Adherents to their highest Commanders, which honour and Title being then but temporary and for life,* 1.1196 is since by tract of time made perpetuall and hereditary. The Saxons called them Ealdermen, the Danes, Earls; they being (as may seem) at first selected out of the rest of the Nobility for commendation of their Gravity, Wisdom, and Experience.

The next degree above an Earl is a Marquess, whose Atchievement I have omitted in respect that the same is chiefly differenced from that of an Earls in this, that the Marquess his Coronet is Meslee, that is, part flowred, and part Pyramidall pearled, the flowers and points of equall height: and the Earles is Pyramidall, pointed and pearled, having flow∣ers intermixt, but much shorter than the pearled points.

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PIE REPONE TE

THis is the Atchievement of the Right Honourable Henry Mar∣quess of Dorchester, Earl of Kingston upon Hull, Viscount Newarke, Lord Pierrepont, and Maunvers, and Herris, and is thus blazoned: His Lord∣ship bears eight Coats quarterly: First, Pearle, semy de Cinquefoiles, Ruby, a Lyon Rampant, Diamond, by the name of the Lord Pierrepont: Secondly Pearl, six Annulets, Diamond, by the name of the Lord Maun∣vers. Thirdly Saphire, three Hedg-hoggs Topaz, by the name of the Lord Herris. Fourthly Diamond, a Lion Rampant Pearle, Crowned Topaz, which is the bearing of Lord Segrave. Fiftly Ruby, a Lion with∣in a bordure Engrailed, Topaz, by the name of Rees ap Teuder Prince of

South-Wales. Sixtly Diamond, three garbes Pearl, being the Coat of the King of Lemster. Seventhly Ruby, three wheat sheaves Topaz, a bor∣dure of Scotland, by the name of Coming Earle of Northumberland. Eightly Ruby, a lion rampant a la double queve Pearle, by the name of the Lord Mantfort Earle of Lycester, for his Crest on a helmet placed on a Mar∣quesses crowne, a Torce or Wreath of his colours, thereon a Fox pas∣sant Ruby, supported by two Lyons, Diamond, mantled Ruby, doub∣led Ermine, his motto PIE: REPONE: TE. This noble Person not more illustrious by his quality then by the Advantages of nature and industry, the great assertor of Learning in this Nation, decended from a noble family of signall eminence out of which is Robert de Petra∣ponte sive Pierpont, who was cal'd by writ among the Peers of England to the Parliament by King Edw. 3. and afterwards in process of time, Robert Pierpont was Created Viscount Newarke and Lord Pierpont, afterwards Created Earle of Kingston upon Hull, after whose death, our Soveraign King Charles conferd the honour of Marquess of Dorchester, on Henry Earle of Kingston his Son, the present Inheritor of these Titles, enno∣bled also by his Mother, who was Gertrude, Daughter and Coheir of Henry Talbot, Son of George, and brother to Gilbert Earle of Shrews∣bury: Lord Talbot, Strange, Furnivall, Verdon, and Lovetoft.

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FOY POVR DEVOIR

THis is the Atchievement of the Right Honourable William Seymour, Marquess and Earl of Hartford, Baron Seymour, and Beauchamp in∣vested in the Title of Marquess Hartford, by King Charles June the third, 1641. in the seventeenth year of his reign, Grandchild and Heir to Ed∣ward (created Earl of Hartford in the first year of Queen Elizabeth) by Katharine Daughter and Heir of Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, and Frances his Wife, eldest Daughter and Coheir of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk,

and Mary his Wife, Queen Dowager of France, second Sister, and (at last) Coheir of King Henry the eighth, which Earl Edward was Son of Edward Seymour Duke of Somerset, &c. Brother to Queen Jane, Mother of King Edward 6. to whom he was Protectour. He bears six Coats quarterly. First, Topaz, on a Pile, Ruby, between six Flowers de lis, Saphire, three Lyons of England, which was an Agumentation of King Henry the eighth. Secondly, Ruby, two wings impaled, Topaz, (Milles calls them two wings volant, Brook two wings conjoynd in Fesse, and another two wings in Lure) by the name of Seymour. Thirdly, Varry, by the name of Beauchampe. Fourthly, Pearl, three demy Lyons Rampant, Ruby. Fifthly, per Bend, Pearl and Ruby, three Roses counter-changed. Sixthly and lastly, Pearl, on a Bend, Ruby, three Leopards heads, Topaz, on which a Marquesses Crown, thereon a Helmet of the same quality, then for his Crest out of a Crown a Phoenix sacrificing her self, all proper, Mant∣led, Ruby, doubled, Ermine, Supported on the dexter side by an Unicorn Pearl, gorged with a Crown, chained, Armed and Crined, Topaz, on the sinister side by a Bull, Saphire, gorged with a Crown and String re∣flexed, Armed and Crined, Topaz, his Motto, Foy pour devoir, these have been the ancient quarterings of this noble Family, and are continued, though they have the same right as above appears to Grey, Brandon, and the Arms of England also with a due difference.

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FIDEI COTICVLA CRVX

THis is the Atchievement of the High and Mighty Prince George, Duke, Marquess, and Earl of Buckingham, Earl of Coventry, Viscount Villiers, and Baron of Whaddon, whose Family were of signall note in Leicestershire for many hundred years: whose Marshallings are thus blazoned. He bears six Coats quarterly. First, Pearl, on a Cross,

Ruby, five Escallops, Topaz, which was an Augmentation (as I am in∣form'd) conferd upon one of this Family for service in the holy Land, as appears by the bearing. Secondly, Diamond, a Fesse between three Cinquefoyles, Pearl, by the name of Villiers. Thirdly, Topaz, two Bars, Saphire, a Chief, quarterly, two Flowers de lis of France, and a Ly∣on of England, by the name of Manors. Fourthly, Ruby, three Water∣bougets, Pearl. Fifthly, Saphire, a Catherne Wheele, Topaz. Sixthly, Topaz, two Cheurons, and a Border, Ruby, by the name of Trusbut, a Martlet for a difference, which foure last Coats are borne by his grace as the principall of many he may quarter in right of his Mother Katha∣rine Daughter and sole heir of Francis Manors sixth Earl of Rutland, Lord Roos of Hamelake, Belvoir and Trusbut, &c. And for his Crest on a Crown Ducall, and Helmet befitting that degree, a Lyon Rampant, Pearl, Crowned, Topaz, standing on a Wreath or Torce of his colours, Mantled, Ruby, and Ermine, supported by a Horse on the dexter side, daple Grey, and on the sinister by a Stag, Pearl, Attired, Proper, his Motto, Fidei coticula Crux.

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The chief Attributes of God are, his Power, Wisdome, Goodnesse; in all which the nearer any King cometh to the imitation of that prime Idea, the more truly doth he deserve that glorious name, and expresse the no∣ble nature of a King. Which all Countries (in part) have shewed by the severall Titles given to their Soveraigns: most Nations calling them, Reges, for government, which cannot be as it should be, without the said three Regall properties; and the Saxons (our ancestors) call them Kings, of Cynning, a word signifying both cunning or wisdome, and also Power, where∣by all Kings can do much more than good Kings will do.

The beginning of Kingly power was from the first created man, who was made an absolute (but fatherly) Soveraign over all; and the neces∣sity of such a Chief, was so great even in the eye of Nature, that as there are no flocks or heards of beasts but have one leader of their own kind, so there is no Nation so brutish or barbarous, but have found the necessi∣ty and use of having a King over them, to rule them and administer ju∣stice to them, which is the prime office of a King: and that such hath al∣wayes been the office of Kings of this our Island, our own ancient and learnedst Lawyers testify: For Rex (saith Bracton) non alius debet judica∣re, si solus ad id sufficere posset, &c. Whence a latter learned Lawyer ga∣thereth most truly, that though the King substitute other to minister justice under him, yet himself is not discharged of that authority, when himself please (as often as our Kings have done) in person to sit and take notice of causes; and likewise the Royall Oath at his Coronation runneth, Facies, fieri in omnibus judiciis tuis aequam & certam justitiam, &c. And that such was the Kings absolute Jurisdiction in this Kingdom before the Conquest also, the same Author so copiously proveth, that it is ignorance to deny it, and folly to enlarge the proof of it. And yet saith Aeneas Silvius. It is the manner of Kings in writing to use the plurall number, as Mandamus, Volumus, Facimus, &c. As appeareth, Epist. 105. where he saith, Reges cum scribunt, etsi dominatum habent ut quicquid placet, Legis vigorem habeat; ea tamen moderatione utuntur cum scribunt, ut aliquid praecipientes non se solos videri velint fecisse, sed cum aliorum consilio. They do temper their Soveraign Jurisdiction with such moderation, that it may appear they prescribe and command not without counsell and advice of others.

Touching the greatnesse of the Kings of this Island and precedence be∣fore any other Kings, these are two main reasons: First, that, the King of this Land Lucius, was the first Christian King of the world, as also Con∣stantine the first Emperour, publickly planting Christianity. Secondly, for that of all Kings Christian the King of Britain is the most (and indeed one∣ly) absolute Monarch, he being no way subordinate to any Potentate, Spi∣rituall or Temporall, in causes either Ecclesiasticall or Civill, as other Kings are, through their own default.

Moreover the King of England is both Anointed, as no other King is, but onely the French, of Sicilie, and of Jerusalem: and he is also crowned, which honour the Kings of Spain, Portugall, Arragon, Navarre, and many other Princes have not. God grant that as our Country hath been blessed with prerogatives above all other Kingdoms, and with the blessing both of all earthly felicities and Heavenly graces, beyond any other, and with more puissant, victorious, learned, religious Kings than all the people whatsoever (as the world seeth at this day) so we may go beyond all

Nations in thankfulnesse to so mercifull a God, and in dutifulnesse to so gracious a Soveraign; whose Crown let it flourish on his Royall head, and on his Posterities till the Heavens leave to move, and Time be no more. Amen.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Cassan.
• * 1.2

  Definition of order.

  Aug. de civit. Dei.

  Order two∣fold.

  Cas. Dialect.
• * 1.3

  Order in this Work obser∣ved.
• * 1.4

  Digression.
• * 1.5

  Equivocation of the word Arma.
• * 1.6

  Instruments naturall.
• * 1.7

  Instruments Mechanicall.
• * 1.8

  Instruments Military.
• * 1.9

  Metaphoricall sense.
• * 1.10

  3. Difinition of them.
• * 1.11

  Armes, exter∣nall demon∣strations of the mind.
• * 1.12

  Armes, ab∣stracts of Na∣ture.
• * 1.13

  Their confor∣mity with Names.
• * 1.14

  The sympathy of Arms with their Bearers.
• * 1.15

  The Antiqui∣ty of Arms and Ensigns Armoriall.
• * 1.16

  The ancient Arms of the French Kings.
• * 1.17

  Use of Arms, universall.
• * 1.18

  Anciently Arms borne in Shields and Targets.
• * 1.19

  Arms gene∣rally used for particular di∣stinction.
• * 1.20

  Shields divers∣ly adorned.
• * 1.21

  First producti∣on of Arms rough and rude.
• * 1.22

  Diverse Deno∣minations of Arms.
• * 1.23

  Opinion of some concer∣ning the Anti∣quity of Arms.
• * 1.24

  Another opi∣nion.
• * 1.25

  Question.
• * 1.26

  Resolution. Lyra upon Num. 2.
• * 1.27

  Martinus Bor∣haus, Num. 2. Formes borne in Standards.
• * 1.28

  Lyra. Num. 2.
• * 1.29

  2 Sort.
• * 1.30

  Lyra.
• * 1.31

  Armes a token of propriety.
• * 1.32

  Arms defaced.
• * 1.33

  Armes int••r∣red with the Corpes.
• * 1.34

  Opinion of some concer∣ning the Anti¦quity of Arms.
• * 1.35

  Definition of Armory.
• * 1.36

  Of Division and Use.
• * 1.37

  Distribution.
• * 1.38

  Definition of Blazon.
• * 1.39

  Of a rule.
• * 1.40

  Rules of Bla∣zon in genere.
• * 1.41

  Preposterous Blazons
• * 1.42

  Selected Kinds of Bla∣zoning.
• * 1.43

  Distribution.
• * 1.44

  Accidents of Armes what?
• * 1.45

  Tincture.
• * 1.46

  Colours.
• * 1.47

  Colour gene∣rall.
• * 1.48

  Blazon of things proper.
• * 1.49

  Speciall co∣lours.
• * 1.50

  Simple co∣lours what.
• * 1.51

  Elements of colours.
• * 1.52

  White defined.
• * 1.53

  Note.
• * 1.54

  Resemblance of white.
• * 1.55

  Dignity.
• * 1.56

  Precedency.
• * 1.57

  Colores medii.
• * 1.58

  Red exactly compounded.
• * 1.59

  Yellow.
• * 1.60

  Dignity of Gold.
• * 1.61

  Green.
• * 1.62

  Blew.
• * 1.63

  Definition.
• * 1.64

  Purpure.
• * 1.65

  Tawny.
• * 1.66

  Murrey.
• * 1.67

  Furres.
• * 1.68

  Why called Pellicei.
• * 1.69

  Use.
• * 1.70

  White Furre.
• * 1.71

  Order of disci∣pline.
• * 1.72

  Doublings what.
• * 1.73

  White furre blazoned in doublings.
• * 1.74

  Rules for dou∣blings.
• * 1.75

  Ermyne Rule.
• * 1.76

  Order for the wearing of Ermyne.
• * 1.77

  Doublings Ermyne.
• * 1.78

  Rule.
• * 1.79

  Ermynes.
• * 1.80

  Ermynois.
• * 1.81

  Other Furres.
• * 1.82

  Rule.
• * 1.83

  Robes of estate furred after this manner.
• * 1.84

  Alex. Gen. Dier.
• * 1.85

  Potent coun∣ter-potent.
• * 1.86

  Potent what.
• * 1.87

  Ermynites.
• * 1.88

  Vaire.
• * 1.89

  Rule generall.
• * 1.90

  Plaine.
• * 1.91

  Rule.
• * 1.92

  Rule. The content of a bordure.
• * 1.93

  Simple bor∣dures.
• * 1.94

  Bordures in∣vecked.
• * 1.95

  Dent border.
• * 1.96

  Wyrly.
• * 1.97

  Isiodor.
• * 1.98

  Note.
• * 1.99

  Bordure countercom∣poned.
• * 1.100

  Bordure pur∣flewe of vaire, Rule.
• * 1.101

  Bordure checkie.
• * 1.102

  Iasper Earle of Pembroke. Bordure Ena∣luron of Mart∣lets.
• * 1.103

  Hamlyne plan∣tagenet, base brother to King Henry the second.
• * 1.104

  Examples of Bordures charged with living and ve∣getable things. Hen. Courtney Earle of Devon, and Marquess of Exceter.
• * 1.105

  Hen. Fitz-roy Duke of Rich∣mond.
• * 1.106

  Bordure ver∣doy.
• * 1.107

  Bordure char∣ged with things inani∣mate.
• * 1.108

  Richard Plan∣t••genet King of the Romans.
• * 1.109

  Entoyre. Note.
• * 1.110

  Bordure gobo∣nated.
• * 1.111

  Bordure Ben∣dy.
• * 1.112

  Bordure dia∣pered. Note.
• * 1.113

  Ancien diffe∣rences, their first use Anti∣quated.
• * 1.114

  Modern diffe∣rences.
• * 1.115

  Files what.
• * 1.116

  Opinion of Upton.
• * 1.117

  Of Budaeus.
• * 1.118

  Of Alciatus.
• * 1.119

  Of Bartolus.
• * 1.120

  Upton.
• * 1.121

  Leigh.
• * 1.122

  Leigh.
• * 1.123

  Henry Duke of Lancaster.
• * 1.124

  Lionel Planta∣genet.
• * 1.125

  The Labell transferred upon occasion Wyrley.
• * 1.126

  Rule.
• * 1.127

  Edward Plan∣tagenet Duke of Aubemarle.
• * 1.128

  Robert D'ar∣tois.
• * 1.129

  Pet. Matthew of the life and death of H. 4. King of France.
• * 1.130

  Chassa in Cata∣logo suo de Glor.
• * 1.131

  Observation in bearing of Armes.
• * 1.132

  Differences called Diminu∣tiones Armo∣rum, and why.
• * 1.133

  Occasion of invention of Differences.
• * 1.134

  Use of diffe∣rences.
• * 1.135

  Lyra in Genes. 49.
• * 1.136

  Tremelius in Genes. 49. Dignity of the first begotten.
• * 1.137

  Chassa. Conolu. 76. part. 1.
• * 1.138

  Another use of differences.
• * 1.139

  A further use of differences.
• * 1.140

  Differences of Bloud-Royall more eminent, and why. The first rea∣son.
• * 1.141

  Honorable Ordinaries, used for diffe∣rences.
• * 1.142

  Crescents, Mollets, &c.
• * 1.143

  Note. No differences for daughters.
• * 1.144

  Armes of Daughters. Why Daugh∣ters are not allowed dif∣ferences.
• * 1.145

  Camden, Brit∣tan.
• * 1.146

  Escocheon, an Hieroglyphike of defence.
• * 1.147

  Advocate termed Miles.
• * 1.148

  Fesse, Honour, and Nombrill Points.
• * 1.149

  Remote Points.
• * 1.150

  Preheminence in nomination and location.
• * 1.151

  Note the ne∣cessity of the knowledge of these points.
• * 1.152

  Abatements.
• * 1.153

  Abatement what.
• * 1.154

  Diminution what.
• * 1.155

  Note the Tin¦ctures of Di∣minutions.
• * 1.156

  A Delfe for revocation of challenge.
• * 1.157

  Note.
• * 1.158

  Escocheon re∣versed for de∣flouring either maid or widow
• * 1.159

  Point dexter parted for too much boasting.
• * 1.160

  Point in point for sloath in warre.
• * 1.161

  Piercing of the Shield a pu∣nishment for Cowardize.
• * 1.162

  Point Cham∣pain for killing of a Prisoner.
• * 1.163

  Froysard.
• * 1.164

  Point plaine or lying.
• * 1.165

  A goare for Cowardize.
• * 1.166

  Leigh.
• * 1.167

  Gusset.
• * 1.168

  Reversed Coates for Treason. Reversing what.
• * 1.169

  Crimen Laesae Majestatis.
• * 1.170

  See Num. 16 & Num. 27.1, 2, 3.
• * 1.171

  Punishment of Treason by the Law of Armes.
• * 1.172

  Statut. Hyler. Fol. 175.
• * 1.173

  Hainousnesse of Treason.
• * 1.174

  Severall kinds of Escocheons.
• * 1.175

  Escocheons of one Tincture.
• * 1.176

  White Shields.
• * 1.177

  Virgil▪
• * 1.178

  Golden Shields.
• * 1.179

  Alex. Severus Impe.
• * 1.180

  Alex. Macedo.
• * 1.181

  Shields of Colours.
• * 1.182

  Eumenius de la Brect.
• * 1.183

  Only Furres. borne in Shields.
• * 1.184

  Shields of ma∣ny Tinctures.
• * 1.185

  Tincture pre∣dominate
• * 1.186

  Field what.
• * 1.187

  Rule 2.
• * 1.188

  Tinctures of Field what.
• * 1.189

  Rule.
• * 1.190

  Protracting of things umbriated.
• * 1.191

  Opinions of bearing um∣brated.
• * 1.192

  Rule.
• * 1.193

  Rule.
• * 1.194

  distribution of Charges.
• * 1.195

  Proper Charges.
• * 1.196

  Ordinaries, and why so called.
• * 1.197

  Most worthy partitions and why so called.
• * 1.198

  Their making.
• * 1.199

  Consisting of Rightnesse, Crookednesse.
• * 1.200

  Rule.
• * 1.201

  Lines crook∣ed.
• * 1.202

  Bunched.
• * 1.203

  Cornered.
• * 1.204

  Note.
• * 1.205

  Severall kinds of lines.
• * 1.206

  Single lines.
• * 1.207

  A Chief.
• * 1.208

  Signification.
• * 1.209

  Rule.
• * 1.210

  Chiefe Cre∣nelle.
• * 1.211

  Their formes.
• * 1.212

  Chiefe char∣ged.
• * 1.213

  Chiefe sur∣mounted of another.
• * 1.214

  A Fillet.
• * 1.215

  So named for two respects.
• * 1.216

  Fillet to home fitting.
• * 1.217

  Manifold Lines.
• * 1.218

  Pale.
• * 1.219

  Pallet.
• * 1.220

  Leigh.
• * 1.221

  Leigh.
• * 1.222

  Endorse.
• * 1.223

  Ferne.
• * 1.224

  Endorse may be borne a∣lone.
• * 1.225

  Instance of such bearing.
• * 1.226

  Bend.
• * 1.227

  Content.
• * 1.228

  Denominati∣on.
• * 1.229

  Representati∣on of a scaling ladder.
• * 1.230

  Bend Sinister. Rule.
• * 1.231

  Voiding what.
• * 1.232

  Bend Voided.
• * 1.233

  Henry Earle of Sussex.
• * 1.234

  Engrailed.
• * 1.235

  Wavey.
• * 1.236

  Eccl. 2.4, 5, 6.
• * 1.237

  Crenelle.
• * 1.238

  Flory.
• * 1.239

  Parts of a Bend.
• * 1.240

  Gartier.
• * 1.241

  Derivation of a Gartier.
• * 1.242

  Cost what, and the content thereof.
• * 1.243

  Why named a Cost.
• * 1.244

  Bend verrey.
• * 1.245

  Notes.
• * 1.246

  Riband what, and the con∣tent thereof.
• * 1.247

  Bend Sinister what.
• * 1.248

  Rule.
• * 1.249

  Scarpe what.
• * 1.250

  Batune what.
• * 1.251

  Note of illegi∣timation.
• * 1.252

  The use of this marke.
• * 1.253

  Leigh.
• * 1.254

  Legitimation of Bastards.
• * 1.255

  Severall formes of Fissure.
• * 1.256

  Signification of the letters S.P.
• * 1.257

  Sundry notes of bastardy.
• * 1.258

  Bendlet.
• * 1.259

  Difference of the bend and bendlet.
• * 1.260

  Fesse and con∣tent thereof.
• * 1.261

  2 Sam. 18.11.
• * 1.262

  St. Ambrose.
• * 1.263

  Augustus Im∣perat.
• * 1.264

  Wolfgangus Lazius.
• * 1.265

  Fesse Dauncet.
• * 1.266

  Cheuron what.
• * 1.267

  Ancient form of bearing thereof.
• * 1.268

  Idle inventi∣ons of Pain∣ters.
• * 1.269

  Content of a Cheuron.
• * 1.270

  Note.
• * 1.271

  Cheuron re∣versed.
• * 1.272

  Cheuron in chief.
• * 1.273

  Accidents of an Escocheon.
• * 1.274

  Cheuron Couped.
• * 1.275

  Cheuron En∣grailed.
• * 1.276

  Cheuronell what.
• * 1.277

  Couple-close what, and the content there∣of.
• * 1.278

  Barre.
• * 1.279

  Subdivision.
• * 1.280

  Content of a Closet.
• * 1.281

  Barulet what it containeth.
• * 1.282

  A Gyronne what.
• * 1.283

  Signification of a Gyronne.
• * 1.284

  Forme of making thereof.
• * 1.285

  Single Gy∣ronne.
• * 1.286

  Two Gyronnes.
• * 1.287

  A Canton what.
• * 1.288

  Whereof so named.
• * 1.289

  Preheminence of certaine Ordinaries. Note Base Squires how made. Rule.
• * 1.290

  Canton Sini∣ster.
• * 1.291

  Quarter what.
• * 1.292

  Difference of a quarter and Canton.
• * 1.293

  Estanton.
• * 1.294

  The quarter a reward for ser∣vice.
• * 1.295

  A Pile what.
• * 1.296

  Use of the Pile.
• * 1.297

  Sir Guy Bryan.
• * 1.298

  Note.
• * 1.299

  Rule.
• * 1.300

  A Flasque what.
• * 1.301

  A Flasque what kind of reward.
• * 1.302

  Note.
• * 1.303

  Voider what.
• * 1.304

  Reward for a Woman.
• * 1.305

  Voiders why so called.
• * 1.306

  Ordinaries of lines more than two fold.
• * 1.307

  Inescocheon what.
• * 1.308

  Inescocheon named Esco∣cheon of Pre∣tence.
• * 1.309

  Note.
• * 1.310

  Composition of an Orle.
• * 1.311

  Derivation.
• * 1.312

  Upton.
• * 1.313

  Orle of three pieces.
• * 1.314

  Orle Engrai∣led.
• * 1.315

  Note.
• * 1.316

  Ordinaries of four-fold lines.
• * 1.317

  Crosse.
• * 1.318

  Crux dicitur a cruciatu, in regard of the unspeakeable torture it gave to the execu∣ted thereupon.
• * 1.319

  Shelton.
• * 1.320

  Content of the Crosse.
• * 1.321

  Divers deno∣minations of Crosses.
• * 1.322

  Alphonsus K. of Aragon.
• * 1.323

  Crosse Fim∣briated.
• * 1.324

  Crosse En∣grailed.
• * 1.325

  Crosse wavey.
• * 1.326

  Crosse Patee Fitched.
• * 1.327

  Crosse Patee on three parts, and Fitched on the fourth.
• * 1.328

  Zach. 8.4.
• * 1.329

  Crosse voided and Couping. Piercing what.
• * 1.330

  Round Pier∣cing.
• * 1.331

  Crosse Moline Losenge pier∣ced.
• * 1.332

  Crosse Moline quarter-pier∣ced.
• * 1.333

  A Saltire what.
• * 1.334

  The use of a Saltire.
• * 1.335

  A Saltire verrey.
• * 1.336

  Divers bearing of Ordinaries.
• * 1.337

  Ordinaries of one sort what.
• * 1.338

  Single bearing what.
• * 1.339

  Manifold bea∣ring what.
• * 1.340

  Saltire Char∣ged.
• * 1.341

  Saltire what use thereof.
• * 1.342

  Ordinnaries borne one be∣sides another.
• * 1.343

  Three Pallets.
• * 1.344

  Pallets waved.
• * 1.345

  Dauncette.
• * 1.346

  Ordinaries of divers kinds.
• * 1.347

  Cheuron with Barres Gemelles.
• * 1.348

  Pile and Cheuron.
• * 1.349

  Saltire and In∣escocheon.
• * 1.350

  Pale and bor∣dure.
• * 1.351

  Fesse and can∣ton.
• * 1.352

  Barres and canton.
• * 1.353

  Three Barres, and canton.
• * 1.354

  Bend and Chief.
• * 1.355

  Crosse and Escocheon Dexter.
• * 1.356

  Saltire and the Chief.
• * 1.357

  Barres and Chiefe inden∣ted.
• * 1.358

  Cheuronels and Chiefe.
• * 1.359

  Earle of Pen∣brooke.
• * 1.360

  Common Charges what.
• * 1.361

  Zanch. lib. 1. de operibus. p. 55.
• * 1.362

  Formall na∣tures.
• * 1.363

  Etymologie of the word Angell.
• * 1.364

  Ministers Gods messen∣gers.
• * 1.365

  Assumpted Bodies.
• * 1.366

  Angell volant.
• * 1.367

  Angell stan∣ding.
• * 1.368

  Angels knee∣ling.
• * 1.369

  Bearing Che∣rubims.
• * 1.370

  Cherub, Sol.
• * 1.371

  Cherubim up∣on an Ordi∣nary.
• * 1.372

  This and the following Esco∣cheon are tran∣sposed.
• * 1.373

  Of naturall and materiall things. Materiall de∣fined.
• * 1.374

  Constant na∣tures.
• * 1.375

  Sphears.
• * 1.376

  Immoveable.
• * 1.377

  Sphear what. Sphericall forme perfect∣est.
• * 1.378

  Substance of the Heavens.
• * 1.379

  Moveable Fir∣mament.
• * 1.380

  Judg. 5.
• * 1.381

  Iosuah 10.
• * 1.382

  Ecclesiast. 1.5.
• * 1.383

  Wisedome 29.21.
• * 1.384

  Ecclesiast. 46.
• * 1.385

  Starres of six points.
• * 1.386

  Starre of six∣teen points.
• * 1.387

  Piercing what.
• * 1.388

  Starres ever∣more pierced round.
• * 1.389

  Rule.
• * 1.390

  The use of the generall rule.
• * 1.391

  Star of eight points.
• * 1.392

  Stars why cal∣led Gods Ar∣my.
• * 1.393

  Indented Chief.
• * 1.394

  Ordinaries when, and why called Honou∣rable.
• * 1.395

  A Canton.
• * 1.396

  Why blazoned three Stars. Star not reba∣ted.
• * 1.397

  Escocheon within an orle.
• * 1.398

  Pole Arctick, & Antarctick.
• * 1.399

  A Fesse be∣tween three Stars.
• * 1.400

  Ordinaries called most worthy partiti∣ons.
• * 1.401

  Note.
• * 1.402

  The aspect of the Planets is lesse to the view.
• * 1.403

  The borrow∣ed light of the Moon. Con∣formity of pla∣nets with Pla∣nets.
• * 1.404

  The Sun in his glory.
• * 1.405

  The forcible power of the Sun.
• * 1.406

  Occasion of the Suns E∣clipse.
• * 1.407

  Entry of the Moon into her first quar∣ter.
• * 1.408

  Complement of the Moon what.
• * 1.409

  Proper colour of the Moon.
• * 1.410

  Use of the Moon.
• * 1.411

  The Moon Mistresse of mutability.
• * 1.412

  The Moon in her decrement.
• * 1.413

  The Moone in her detriment.
• * 1.414

  Passive formes of the Moone.
• * 1.415

  Witty morall.
• * 1.416

  Sun, Moon, and seven Stars.
• * 1.417

  Holinsheds Chron. in Q. Mary.
• * 1.418

  Comets.
• * 1.419

  Comets.
• * 1.420

  Inconstant natures.
• * 1.421

  Inconstant na∣tures what.
• * 1.422

  Elements what.
• * 1.423

  Profitable use of fire.
• * 1.424

  Whereupon this Coat was given.
• * 1.425

  Fire what it signifieth.
• * 1.426

  Hypocriticall zeal.
• * 1.427

  Force of Counsell.
• * 1.428

  A Bend be∣tween six Fountains.
• * 1.429

  A Rock what.
• * 1.430

  A Mountain enflamed.
• * 1.431

  Fifteene Ilands.
• * 1.432

  Witches of Norway.
• * 1.433

  Natures of mixt kind.
• * 1.434

  Meteors un∣perfect.
• * 1.435

  Corpora subli∣mia.
• * 1.436

  Vapour what.
• * 1.437

  Fierie meteors what.
• * 1.438

  Meteors of divers sorts.
• * 1.439

  Divers bea∣ring of Mul∣lets.
• * 1.440

  Mullets of 6. Points.
• * 1.441

  Of five Points.
• * 1.442

  Noble signifi∣cation of Mul∣let.
• * 1.443

  Rule prescri∣bed by Leigh.
• * 1.444

  Divers opini∣ons concer∣ning Mullets.
• * 1.445

  M.S▪ Nt. 18. fol. 135. b.
• * 1.446

  Meteors mixt. Fiery Meteors what.
• * 1.447

  Thunder what.
• * 1.448

  Lightning what.
• * 1.449

  Thunderbolt.
• * 1.450

  Meteors wate∣rie.
• * 1.451

  A cloud what.
• * 1.452

  Coined form of Clouds.
• * 1.453

  Rainbow what.
• * 1.454

  Difficult re∣presenting of the Rainbow.
• * 1.455

  The Rainbow a token of Gods Cove∣nant.
• * 1.456

  A president for Nobles.
• * 1.457

  Farnesius.
• * 1.458

  Things living what.
• * 1.459

  Soul taken in the largest signification.
• * 1.460

  Metals what.
• * 1.461

  Liquefiable.
• * 1.462

  Not Liquefi∣ble.
• * 1.463

  Stones.
• * 1.464

  Precious Stones.
• * 1.465

  Escarbuncle of most use in Armes.
• * 1.466

  Escarbuncle of eight staves.
• * 1.467

  Geffrey Planta∣genet.
• * 1.468

  Blount.
• * 1.469

  Passive capaci∣ty of Minerals.
• * 1.470

  Stones base.
• * 1.471

  Flint-stonè.
• * 1.472

  Digionius Earl of Flanders.
• * 1.473

  Censure of a Physiogno∣mer.
• * 1.474

  Franciscane Friers.
• * 1.475

  Steeles.
• * 1.476

  Three Mil∣stones.
• * 1.477

  Whereto re∣sembled.
• * 1.478

  Needfull use thereof.
• * 1.479

  Minerals used in the largest sense.
• * 1.480

  Trees what.
• * 1.481

  Examples of fruits better known to us.
• * 1.482

  An Ooak.
• * 1.483

  Genes. 1.24.
• * 1.484

  Pine Apple Tree.
• * 1.485

  Peare Tree.
• * 1.486

  Trunke.
• * 1.487

  ••••••ee Oaken ••••••ps.
• * 1.488

  Sterved bran∣ches.
• * 1.489

  Limbe of a tree.
• * 1.490

  Stock.
• * 1.491

  Fig-leaves.
• * 1.492

  Elmen leaves.
• * 1.493

  Woodbine leaves.
• * 1.494

  Nettle leaves.
• * 1.495

  Holly leaves.
• * 1.496

  Borne bar∣wayes.
• * 1.497

  Pomegranats.
• * 1.498

  Peares.
• * 1.499

  Prohibition of the Tree.
• * 1.500

  A Cheuron between three Pine Apples.
• * 1.501

  Three Mul∣beries.
• * 1.502

  Susanna
• * 1.503

  Apple called Pomum.
• * 1.504

  Slow ripning how procured.
• * 1.505

  Force of Art.
• * 1.506

  Plants grow∣ing on a manifold stalke.
• * 1.507

  Sole bearing of a Rose.
• * 1.508

  A Rose upon a Canton.
• * 1.509

  Whereunto re∣sembled.
• * 1.510

  Fruit bearing plants of ma∣nifold stalks.
• * 1.511

  Hurt berries.
• * 1.512

  Of such as grow on a single stalke.
• * 1.513

  Producing Graine.
• * 1.514

  Wheat stalkes
• * 1.515

  Wheat stalks.
• * 1.516

  Three Rie stalkes.
• * 1.517

  Amos 4. Hag 2.
• * 1.518

  A Garbe of Wheate.
• * 1.519

  Munst. Cos∣mograph.
• * 1.520

  Cheuron be∣tween Garbes.
• * 1.521

  Garbe upon a Fesse.
• * 1.522

  Fesse dauncet∣tie between Garbs.
• * 1.523

  Bean Cods.
• * 1.524

  Reference.
• * 1.525

  Herbs lesse nutritive.
• * 1.526

  Estimation of the Flower de-lis.
• * 1.527

  Cheuron be∣tween three Flowers de lis.
• * 1.528

  Cheuron char∣ged upon.
• * 1.529

  Bend interpo∣sed.
• * 1.530

  ••olledge of Winchester.
• * 1.531

  Treefoiles slipped.
• * 1.532

  The husband∣mans calender.
• * 1.533

  Columbines slipped.
• * 1.534

  The Cinque∣foile.
• * 1.535

  Resemblance thereof.
• * 1.536

  Gilloflowers slipped.
• * 1.537

  Blew Bottles.
• * 1.538

  Of Plants, Trees, &c.
• * 1.539

  Things Sensi∣tive.
• * 1.540

  Natural bloud▪ or supplemen∣tall Humour.
• * 1.541

  Psal. 32.
• * 1.542

  Humors.
• * 1.543

  Bloud.
• * 1.544

  Drops of bloud.
• * 1.545

  Gutte de Sang.
• * 1.546

  Gutte de Larmes.
• * 1.547

  A Turnip, proper.
• * 1.548

  Gutte de Eau.
• * 1.549

  Gutte de Poix.
• * 1.550

  Gutte de Or.
• * 1.551

  Note.
• * 1.552

  Bloud what.
• * 1.553

  Humors di∣vided.
• * 1.554

  Covering.
• * 1.555

  Support.
• * 1.556

  Bones.
• * 1.557

  A Shin-bone surmounted of another.
• * 1.558

  Two shinne bones Saltire-wayes.
• * 1.559

  Definition of Animals.
• * 1.560

  Dignity of Animals how understood.
• * 1.561

  Order of God in Nature.
• * 1.562

  Divers ends of Art and Na∣ture.
• * 1.563

  Whole bearing needfull to be first known.
• * 1.564

  Whole bearing better than the parts of Ani∣mals.
• * 1.565

  Twofold dig∣nity.
• * 1.566

  Rule. 1.
• * 1.567

  True placing of Animals.
• * 1.568

  In Banners.
• * 1.569

  Head onely borne how to be placed.
• * 1.570

  Naturall and Accidentall bearing.
• * 1.571

  1 Macca. 16.1.
• * 1.572

  Coat-armour of Alexander.
• * 1.573

  Coat-armour of Emperours
• * 1.574

  Note.
• * 1.575

  A chief re∣spect.
• * 1.576

  Note.
• * 1.577

  Rule. 2. Generall ob∣servation.
• * 1.578

  Priority to be observed.
• * 1.579

  The Authors prefixed order.
• * 1.580

  Use of demon¦strations.
• * 1.581

  Bearing of beasts, of whom bor∣rowed.
• * 1.582

  Pride of the Elephant.
• * 1.583

  Elehpants how provoked to fight.
• * 1.584

  1 Mac. 6.34.
• * 1.585

  The incompa∣rable strength of the Ele∣phant.
• * 1.586

  Three Ele∣phants heads.
• * 1.587

  A proboscide of an Ele∣phant.
• * 1.588

  A Fesse be∣tween three Horses.
• * 1.589

  A Horse head couped.
• * 1.590

  A Horse head couped on a Canton, Er∣mine. Job 39.
• * 1.591

  Three Asses passant.
• * 1.592

  An Asse head erased.
• * 1.593

  A Mule pas∣sant.
• * 1.594

  Beasts whole footed.
• * 1.595

  A bend with three Calves.
• * 1.596

  A Bul passant.
• * 1.597

  Cheuron be∣tween three Bulls heads couped.
• * 1.598

  Bulls heads trunked.
• * 1.599

  Stagge when properly cal∣led an Hart.
• * 1.600

  Hart Royall, when so na∣med.
• * 1.601

  Hart Royall proclaimed.
• * 1.602

  Harts of three sorts.
• * 1.603

  Fallow Deere more fearfull than hurtfull.
• * 1.604

  Stag on a Mount.
• * 1.605

  A Stag stan∣ding.
• * 1.606

  A Stag trip∣ping.
• * 1.607

  A Stag spring∣ing.
• * 1.608

  A Stag in his full course, pursued by a brace of dogs.
• * 1.609

  Three Bucks in full course.
• * 1.610

  Three Ro∣bucks in full course.
• * 1.611

  English Pro∣verbe.
• * 1.612

  Three Bucks tripping.
• * 1.613

  Sociablenesse of fallow Deer.
• * 1.614

  Stags at gaze.
• * 1.615

  Female Deere borne.
• * 1.616

  Arist. Top. 1.
• * 1.617

  Hindes coun∣ter-tripping.
• * 1.618

  Plin. lib. 9.
• * 1.619

  Stags heads couped.
• * 1.620

  Attires of Gentlewo∣men.
• * 1.621

  Three Stags heads trunk∣ed.
• * 1.622

  Three Bucks heads couped.
• * 1.623

  Three Stags heads erased.
• * 1.624

  Bucks head trunked.
• * 1.625

  Three Rain-Deeres heads.
• * 1.626

  Psal. 75.12.
• * 1.627

  Three attires of a Stag.
• * 1.628

  An Unicorne Seiant.
• * 1.629

  An Unicorne tripping.
• * 1.630

  Three Uni∣cornes cur∣rent.
• * 1.631

  Three Uni∣cornes heads couped▪
• * 1.632

  A Boare pas∣sant.
• * 1.633

  Three Boares heads couped.
• * 1.634

  Beasts having many Clawes.
• * 1.635

  Opini•••• of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 French Arm••••••••ts.
• * 1.636

  Rul•• generall.
• * 1.637

  Difference be∣tweene the Lyon and Leopard.
• * 1.638

  Lyons snaggy Locks.
• * 1.639

  Cowardly Ly∣ons which.
• * 1.640

  Rule 1.
• * 1.641

  Rule 2.
• * 1.642

  Bearing of Beasts in a di∣verse Colour from that which is na∣turall, whence taken.
• * 1.643

  Property of Beasts of Ra∣pine.
• * 1.644

  Defective pro∣duction of beasts of ra∣pine. Na∣tures fore∣sight herein.
• * 1.645

  Lyon dormant Standard of the ••••••be of Judah.
• * 1.646

  Judah seemeth to sleep.
• * 1.647

  Lyon passant, gardant.
• * 1.648

  Three Lyon∣cels passant, gardant.
• * 1.649

  Reason.
• * 1.650

  Limitation of this rule.
• * 1.651

  Lyon passant parted per Pale.
• * 1.652

  Lyon Saliant how discerned.
• * 1.653

  His gesture in prosecution.
• * 1.654

  Lyon Ram∣pand how known.
• * 1.655

  His gesture in seizing.
• * 1.656

  A Lyon Ram∣pand, a File of three points or Lambeaux.
• * 1.657

  A Lyon Ram∣pand parted per-fesse.
• * 1.658

  Upon a Pale Radiant Ray∣onee, a Lyon Rampand.
• * 1.659

  Three lyoncels Rampand on a Cheuron en∣grailed.
• * 1.660

  Lyoncels ram∣pand, comba∣tant.
• * 1.661

  The significa∣tion thereof.
• * 1.662

  Lyoncels ram∣pant, endorsed.
• * 1.663

  Lyon tricor∣porated.
• * 1.664

  A like Lyon borne in de∣vice.
• * 1.665

  A demy Lyon Rampand.
• * 1.666

  A Lyon Issu∣ant.
• * 1.667

  Lyon Jessant.
• * 1.668

  A Lyon na∣issant.
• * 1.669

  A Lyons head erased.
• * 1.670

  Two Lyons pawes erased, and surmount∣ing each o∣ther.
• * 1.671

  Three Lyons pawes couped.
• * 1.672

  A Lyons pawe on a Canton.
• * 1.673

  Three Lyons tailes erased.
• * 1.674

  A Tiger pas∣sant.
• * 1.675

  A Beare pas∣sant.
• * 1.676

  A Wolfe Sa∣liant.
• * 1.677

  Two Wolves passant.
• * 1.678

  Grey-hound Passant.
• * 1.679

  Talbot Pas∣sant.
• * 1.680

  Fesse Daun∣cette and three Talbots.
• * 1.681

  A Cheuron between three Squerrils Seiant.
• * 1.682

  Three Conies.
• * 1.683

  Three Conies in bordure Ingrailed.
• * 1.684

  Three Hares heads couped Nebule.
• * 1.685

  Tortois pas∣sant.
• * 1.686

  Harps how invented.
• * 1.687

  Three toades.
• * 1.688

  Insects that live upon the earth.
• * 1.689

  A Spider in her web.
• * 1.690

  What under∣stood by the Spider.
• * 1.691

  Pro. 30.28.
• * 1.692

  Example tou∣ching procrea∣tion.
• * 1.693

  Breathing a token of life.
• * 1.694

  Eleven Em∣mets.
• * 1.695

  Pro. 30.25. Pro. 6.6. Ibid. 7.
• * 1.696

  Job. 12.
• * 1.697

  Signification of the Emmet and Pismire.
• * 1.698

  A Grashopper passant.
• * 1.699

  The nature of the Grashop∣per.
• * 1.700

  Vagipennae why so called.
• * 1.701

  Cheuron be∣tween three Scorpions.
• * 1.702

  Cure of the Scorpions sting.
• * 1.703

  Gliding Ani∣mals.
• * 1.704

  An Adder Nowed.
• * 1.705

  Property of the Serpent.
• * 1.706

  Animals as have both skin and shell.
• * 1.707

  Three house Snailes.
• * 1.708

  Animals li∣ving above the earth.
• * 1.709

  Whole-footed what.
• * 1.710

  Fowles more worthy than Fishes.
• * 1.711

  Rule generall.
• * 1.712

  Different qua∣lities of Fowles.
• * 1.713

  Numbring of Fowles in Armes.
• * 1.714

  The Cock and Fowles of prey termed Ar∣med.
• * 1.715

  The Female of fowles of prey hardiest.
• * 1.716

  A Swan mem¦bred of the same.
• * 1.717

  A Swan with her wings Ex∣pansed.
• * 1.718

  Three Swans necks erased.
• * 1.719

  An Eagle dis∣played.
• * 1.720

  Signification of the Eagle displayed.
• * 1.721

  The Eagle gi∣ven in device.
• * 1.722

  Three Eagles heads erased.
• * 1.723

  Two wings in∣verted and conjoyned.
• * 1.724

  Five Marlions wings.
• * 1.725

  Three Ostrich-feathers on a bend.
• * 1.726

  Six Ostrich feathers.
• * 1.727

  An Eagles leg erased.
• * 1.728

  Two Eagles legs erased.
• * 1.729

  Cheuron be∣tween three Eagles legs erased.
• * 1.730

  Ravens legs erased.
• * 1.731

  A Goshawk upon a Stock.
• * 1.732

  A Falcon on a Canton.
• * 1.733

  Alietus the same that we call Falcon.
• * 1.734

  The property of the Falcon.
• * 1.735

  Four duties of a Father.
• * 1.736

  A like borne by Fox Bishop of Winchester.
• * 1.737

  Swallowes Proper.
• * 1.738

  A Bar between three Swal∣lowes.
• * 1.739

  Bend Cotized between six Martlets.
• * 1.740

  Martlet hath little use of her feet.
• * 1.741

  Martlet why given to the fourth bro∣ther.
• * 1.742

  Fowles dome∣sticall.
• * 1.743

  The Cock Knight a∣mongst birds. His Armour.
• * 1.744

  The Cock most properly said to be Ar∣med.
• * 1.745

  Capons why said to be A••∣med.
• * 1.746

  Three Pea∣cocks.
• * 1.747

  A cheuron be∣tween three Turkicocks.
• * 1.748

  Three Bees volant.
• * 1.749

  1 Cor. 15.
• * 1.750

  Numb. 21.9.
• * 1.751

  Bee-Hive.
• * 1.752

  A harvest-flye.
• * 1.753

  Note generall.
• * 1.754

  Three Gad-Bees volant.
• * 1.755

  Watry Ani∣mals.
• * 1.756

  Enobled by the bearers dignity.
• * 1.757

  Rule generall.
• * 1.758

  Psal. 154.25.
• * 1.759

  Manner for their bearing.
• * 1.760

  Derivation.
• * 1.761

  Fishes Scaled what.
• * 1.762

  Three Eeles naiant.
• * 1.763

  Soles.
• * 1.764

  Dolphin nai∣ant.
• * 1.765

  Dolphin hau∣riant.
• * 1.766

  Dolphins Naiant.
• * 1.767

  Their order observed in swimming.
• * 1.768

  Three Sal∣mons Hauri∣ant.
• * 1.769

  The fish Aci∣penser.
• * 1.770

  Two Barbels respecting each other.
• * 1.771

  Two pikes hauriant En∣dorsed.
• * 1.772

  Trouts fretted in Triangle.
• * 1.773

  Three Chal∣bots.
• * 1.774

  Scales of Fi∣shes not con∣tinuate.
• * 1.775

  Cheuron be∣tween three Crevices.
• * 1.776

  A Lobster up∣on a Bend.
• * 1.777

  Lobsters pawes.
• * 1.778

  Escallop shell Gules.
• * 1.779

  The nutritive quality of the Escallop.
• * 1.780

  Six Escallops.
• * 1.781

  MS. M. 1••. fol. 116.
• * 1.782

  Ten Escallops.
• * 1.783

  Rule.
• * 1.784

  A Heron vo∣lant.
• * 1.785

  A Fesse be∣tween three Welks.
• * 1.786

  A Transition from things unreasonable.
• * 1.787

  Man the No∣blest of Gods creatures.
• * 1.788

  Dignity of mans soule.
• * 1.789

  Man of an up∣right stature why so crea∣ted.
• * 1.790

  Man an epito∣me of the whole world.
• * 1.791

  Man and his parts borne in Coat-armour.
• * 1.792

  Our Lady with her Son.
• * 1.793

  A King en∣thronized.
• * 1.794

  Man in his no∣blest action.
• * 1.795

  Many degrees▪ of callings.
• * 1.796

  A Bishop in his Pontificals.
• * 1.797

  The dignity Episcopal next the Regall.
• * 1.798

  A Saracens head erased.
• * 1.799

  A Cheuron betweene three heads couped.
• * 1.800

  A Cheuron betweene three Peruques.
• * 1.801

  A Heart pro∣per and a Chief.
• * 1.802

  Three Hearts, on a Chief.
• * 1.803

  A Fesse be∣tween three hearts vulned.
• * 1.804

  A Heart be∣tween two wings.
• * 1.805

  Bishop of Lon∣don, An. 44. Hen. 3.
• * 1.806

  An Arme.
• * 1.807

  Three dexter Armes con∣joyned.
• * 1.808

  A hand exten∣ded on a chief.
• * 1.809

  Eccle. 29.4.
• * 1.810

  Barry of six peeces.
• * 1.811

  Esay 32.12,
• * 1.812

  A mans legge Couped.
• * 1.813

  Ancient Custome.
• * 1.814

  A mans leg Erased.
• * 1.815

  Needlesse mention.
• * 1.816

  A leg couped below the knee.
• * 1.817

  Creatures of exorbitant kind.
• * 1.818

  Amphibia.
• * 1.819

  Beaver ra∣ping.
• * 1.820

  Fesse between three Otters.
• * 1.821

  Seales feet Erased.
• * 1.822

  Bigenera.
• * 1.823

  Occasions of unkindly pro∣creations.
• * 1.824

  The shape of the Leopard.
• * 1.825

  Leopard ene∣my to the Lyon.
• * 1.826

  Leopards heads.
• * 1.827

  Occasion of bigenerous procreations.
• * 1.828

  Leopards heads Jessants Flowers de lis.
• * 1.829

  Leopards heads reversed.
• * 1.830

  A Griffon passant.
• * 1.831

  A Griffon Rampand.
• * 1.832

  The valour of the Griffon.
• * 1.833

  A Wiverne, his wings dis∣plaied.
• * 1.834

  A Cockatrice displaied.
• * 1.835

  A Reremouse displaied.
• * 1.836

  A Harpey dis∣closed in her wings.
• * 1.837

  Virgilius.
• * 1.838

  The Harpey displaied.
• * 1.839

  A Mermaid.
• * 1.840

  Of degenerate and monstrous Natures.
• * 1.841

  A Lyon Ram∣pand Regar∣dant.
• * 1.842

  A Lyon Ram∣pand, coward.
• * 1.843

  A Lyon Ram∣pand chained.
• * 1.844

  A Horse pas∣sant Spance∣led.
• * 1.845

  A Lyon be∣tween Cros∣lets.
• * 1.846

  A Lyon Ram∣pand, and Croslets.
• * 1.847

  A Lyon Ram∣pand▪ Gutte.
• * 1.848

  Power infused into man with a soule.
• * 1.849

  Art natures Midwife, Phy∣sitian, and Pan∣dor.
• * 1.850

  Art wherefore invented.
• * 1.851

  Progression from the workes of Na∣ture to those of Art.
• a 1.852

  Berk.
• b 1.853

  Calep. Art taken in the largest signification.
• * 1.854

  Definition of Art.
• * 1.855

  Etymologie of Art. Order of the Author.
• * 1.856

  A Crown Imperiall Mitrall.
• * 1.857

  A Significati∣on of it eleva∣ted.
• * 1.858

  3 Crowns.
• * 1.859

  Belinus.
• * 1.860

  A Scepter Royall.
• * 1.861

  A Mound.
• * 1.862

  Crosse Avel∣lane, what.
• * 1.863

  Ensignes Ec∣clesiasticall.
• * 1.864

  A Papall Insu∣la.
• * 1.865

  An. 13. Hen. 7.
• * 1.866

  Holinshed, p. 1461.
• * 1.867

  A Cardinals Hat.
• * 1.868

  Anno 1251. Onuph. Veron∣de Cardinal. Institut. p. 162. Chassa. Cat. G. M. part. 1. Conclus. 4.
• * 1.869

  Cardinals Robes.
• * 1.870

  Armes of the Archbishop of Canturbury.
• * 1.871

  Title of Me∣tropolitan of England.
• * 1.872

  Ancient Usage
• * 1.873

  Corporall oath exacted.
• * 1.874

  Sable, a Bishops Miter Argent.
• * 1.875

  The forked shape thereof.
• * 1.876

  A Lyon Ram∣pand with a Bishops Cro∣sier.
• * 1.877

  Things borne by other per∣sons.
• * 1.878

  The Sword of Estate.
• * 1.879

  The Manner of bearing thereof.
• * 1.880

  A Mace of Majesty.
• * 1.881

  The Chancel∣lors purse.
• * 1.882

  Peculiar En∣signe. His Office.
• * 1.883

  The Kings Vicar.
• * 1.884

  Ornaments borne before Ecclesiasticall persons.
• * 1.885

  Badges of dig∣nity.
• * 1.886

  Collars be∣stowed upon such as were of the Blood Royal.
• * 1.887

  Three Rings enriched with Turkesses.
• * 1.888

  Bushels full of Rings.
• * 1.889

  Six Annulets.
• * 1.890

  Annulets what.
• * 1.891

  A Booke ex∣pansed with 3. Crownes.
• * 1.892

  MS. M. 18. pag. 126. re∣manente in Officio Armo∣rum.
• a 1.893

  Quarre, which now thus orthogra∣phed signifieth in English four-square.
• b 1.894

  Faits.
• * 1.895

  Three Pens.
• * 1.896

  Great things performed by the pen.
• * 1.897

  A Penner and Inkhorne in Fesse.
• * 1.898

  Spur to wel-doing.
• * 1.899

  Double privi∣ledge.
• * 1.900

  A Cheuron between three Text Tees.
• * 1.901

  Three Text Esses.
• * 1.902

  Instruments pertaining to Arts Liberall.
• * 1.903

  Musicall In∣struments. Wind-Instru∣ments.
• * 1.904

  Two Organ Pipes.
• * 1.905

  Three How∣boyes with as many Crosse Croslets.
• * 1.906

  A Harpe on a Canton.
• * 1.907

  The significati∣on of the Harp.
• * 1.908

  Three Treble violents trans∣posed.
• * 1.909

  Three Celesti∣all signes on a Bend.
• * 1.910

  A quarter of the celestiall Zodiacke.
• * 1.911

  Differences of Arts Liberall and Mechani∣call.
• * 1.912

  Worthiness of Agriculture.
• * 1.913

  A Plough in Fesse.
• * 1.914

  Plowing of Cities.
• * 1.915

  Harrowes.
• * 1.916

  Scithes.
• * 1.917

  Wheeles.
• * 1.918

  Katharine Wheele.
• * 1.919

  Crosse and Katharine Wheele.
• * 1.920

  Wooll-cards.
• * 1.921

  Fusiles upon Slippers.
• * 1.922

  Fusiles trans∣posed.
• * 1.923

  Wharrow Spindles.
• * 1.924

  Weavers Shuttles.
• * 1.925

  A Maunch.
• * 1.926

  A Dexter Arme with a Maunch.
• * 1.927

  The significa∣tion of a Maunch.
• * 1.928

  Hieron Epist. ad Eustochium.
• * 1.929

  A Cheuron between three Combes.
• * 1.930

  A Chief with three Beysants.
• * 1.931

  Sex Plates.
• * 1.932

  Argent, on a Bend engrai∣led Sable three Plates.
• * 1.933

  Royalty of Coyning.
• * 1.934

  There is ano∣ther family of the Arthurs in Ireland that beareth a Che∣vron between three Sufflues, what a Sufflue is Boswell in his Armour of Honor, p. 124. h. sheweth. Some call Suf∣flues, Rests.
• * 1.935

  What under∣stood by Ar∣mature.
• * 1.936

  Three Pick∣axes.
• * 1.937

  Three Mallets.
• * 1.938

  Use the per∣fection of things.
• * 1.939

  Three Levels with their plummets,
• * 1.940

  Reference.
• * 1.941

  A Cheuron between three Squares.
• * 1.942

  A Fesse be∣tween three Hatchets.
• * 1.943

  Armes of the Company of Carpenters.
• * 1.944

  Reference.
• * 1.945

  Armes of the Company of Smiths.
• * 1.946

  Necessity of Iron.
• * 1.947

  The bearing of Nailes.
• * 1.948

  A Fesse be∣tween three paire of Pin∣cers.
• * 1.949

  A Tower tri∣ple Towred, Sable: Mun∣ster in Cosmo∣graph.
• * 1.950

  A Lyon Ram∣pand, and a Castle.
• * 1.951

  A Castle tri∣ple Towred.
• * 1.952

  Rule.
• * 1.953

  A Tower and Scaling ladder.
• * 1.954

  Three Arches.
• * 1.955

  A Pillar en∣wrapped with an Adder.
• * 1.956

  Tents.
• * 1.957

  Crosse ••∣ted up•• Griec••
• * 1.958

  Three Bels.
• * 1.959

  Three Cushi∣ons.
• * 1.960

  A Trevet.
• * 1.961

  Three fl•• pots.
• * 1.962

  Three paire Bellowes.
• * 1.963

  Three Lamps.
• * 1.964

  The Art of Armature.
• * 1.965

  Three peeces of Masts cou∣ped.
• * 1.966

  Three Sai••
• * 1.967

  An Anchor.
• * 1.968

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Ruther of a ••ip.
• * 1.969

  A Lighter boat.
• * 1.970

  The Hull of a Ship.
• * 1.971

  A Ship with three Masts.
• * 1.972

  A Galley ••¦der full S••
• * 1.973

  The priviledge of Venation.
• * 1.974

  •• Bugle or Hunters ••orne.
• * 1.975

  Stags heads and Bugles.
• * 1.976

  Reference.
• * 1.977

  Three Haw•• Bels.
• * 1.978

  Three
• * 1.979

  ••••ree Mascles.
• * 1.980

  Sev•• Mascles con••••nct.
• * 1.981

  A Fret of 8. pieces.
• * 1.982

  Fret Engrai∣••d.
• * 1.983

  Fishing ••ooks.
• * 1.984

  E••le-spears.
• * 1.985

  three Weeles.
• * 1.986

  A Fesse be∣••ween three Chess-rooks.
• * 1.987

  A Cheuron between three Dice.
• * 1.988

  Order for pla∣cing the four Standards.
• * 1.989

  The Standard of Judah ac∣cording to Borhaus.
• * 1.990

  2 The middle ward.
• * 1.991

  The middl•• ward.
• * 1.992

  The Standard of the Camp of Dan, accor∣ding to Bor∣haus.
• * 1.993

  ••••rticular En∣••••gnes what.
• * 1.994

  The safety of the comman∣der.
• * 1.995

  Place of a ••••¦nerall in ti•• of Battell
• * 1.996

  High spirited men subject to violent deaths.
• * 1.997

  Justnesse of Law of victo∣rie.
• * 1.998

  Law milit••
• * 1.999

  Sp••es garni∣she•• with Pe∣no••ls.
• * 1.1000

  A Cheuron engrailed be∣tween three Trumpets.
• * 1.1001

  ••e Flutes ••end.
• * 1.1002

  A Culvering.
• * 1.1003

  Chambers fired.
• * 1.1004

  Murthering Chain-shot.
• * 1.1005

  Ogresses or Pellets.
• * 1.1006

  A Swepe char∣ged with a Stone.
• * 1.1007

  Battering rams.
• * 1.1008

  A Crosse-bow bent.
• * 1.1009

  Three Swords.
• * 1.1010

  Three Swords in pale.
• * 1.1011

  Three Swords their points towards the Dexter.
• * 1.1012

  Captain Tho∣mas Philipott a valiant Gen∣tleman.
• * 1.1013

  A Cheuron between three Spears heads.
• * 1.1014

  Alphabet. L. 1.
• * 1.1015

  Ordin. Stat. and Rules of Joh. Lord Tiptoft Earle of Worc. const. of England, da∣ted 29 Maii 6•• Edward 4.
• * 1.1016

  Three scaling Ladders.
• * 1.1017

  Three Esco∣cheons.
• * 1.1018

  Three Esco∣cheons Barrey.
• * 1.1019

  A close Hel∣met.
• * 1.1020

  Three Hel∣••ets with ••heir bevers ••pen.
• * 1.1021

  The Morion now in use.
• * 1.1022

  Three left Gauntlets Panormitan.
• * 1.1023

  Baron le De∣spencer and Burghurst.
• * 1.1024

  Honour and Armes, pag. 73. M. S. Lordre & for∣me de la Ba∣taille devant le Connestable & marschall Gloss. Dom. Hen. Spelman.
• * 1.1025

  Three Saddles.
• * 1.1026

  Three Horse-shooes on a Bend.
• * 1.1027

  A barded Horse.
• * 1.1028

  A Chevalier Armed at All points.
• * 1.1029

  Keckerm. Ele∣ment. Geome. p. 123.
• * 1.1030

  A Fusill accor∣ding to Chassa. pars 1. Conclu∣sio 75.
• * 1.1031

  A Losenge how it differs from a Fusill.
• * 1.1032

  Azure, three Losenges, Or. This is Free∣mans Coat.
• * 1.1033

  Of Coat-ar∣mours having ••o Tincture in ••hem predo∣••inating.
• * 1.1034

  What they be.
• * 1.1035

  Order of their examples.
• * 1.1036

  Parted per pale.
• * 1.1037

  Parted Coats Ancient.
• * 1.1038

  Note.
• * 1.1039

  Parted per Fesse.
• * 1.1040

  Parted per Bend.
• * 1.1041

  Parted per Cheuron.
• * 1.1042

  Parted per Pile.
• * 1.1043

  Parted per Saltire.
• * 1.1044

  Gyronny.
• * 1.1045

  Parted per Fesse.
• * 1.1046

  Quarterly.
• * 1.1047

  A Gyronny of six pieces.
• * 1.1048

  A Gyronny of six pieces, with three Nigroes heads.
• * 1.1049

  Three Eaglets.
• * 1.1050

  Quarterly.
• * 1.1051

  Parted per Saltire.
• * 1.1052

  Other kind of bearing o•• partition.
• * 1.1053

  Counterch••ged what. Resemblanc••
• * 1.1054

  2 Sam. 13.4
• * 1.1055

  Gen. 7.3.
• * 1.1056

  Judg. 5.30.
• * 1.1057

  Three Roun∣dles counter-changed.
• * 1.1058

  Ferne pag. 203.
• * 1.1059

  12 Guttes counter-chan∣ged.
• * 1.1060

  ••te.
• * 1.1061

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 bend coun••r-changed.
• * 1.1062

  Three Pan∣thers heads counter-chan∣ged.
• * 1.1063

  Armes ab∣stracted from Ordinaries.
• * 1.1064

  Paly of six pieces.
• * 1.1065

  Barry of six pieces.
• * 1.1066

  Bendy of six pieces.
• * 1.1067

  Paly on a Canton.
• * 1.1068

  Barrey on a Bend.
• * 1.1069

  Of such as derived a•••• an obscure manner.
• * 1.1070

  Paly Bendy.
• * 1.1071

  A••iden. Arm. 1••.
• * 1.1072

  Checkie with a Chief.
• * 1.1073

  Checkie char∣ged all over.
• * 1.1074

  What hath been hitherto handled.
• * 1.1075

  What now to be handled.
• * 1.1076

  The large sig∣nification of the word Mar∣shalling.
• * 1.1077

  Honour Mili∣tary and Civil.
• * 1.1078

  The scope of the Author.
• * 1.1079

  Marshalling, what.
• * 1.1080

  Impaling di∣vers.
• * 1.1081

  Paternal coat on the left side.
• * 1.1082

  Baron and Femme Ec∣clesiastical.
• * 1.1083

  Rule
• * 1.1084

  Baron and Feme secular.
• * 1.1085

  Prerogative of hereditary Coats.
• * 1.1086

  Escocheon of pretence why so called.
• * 1.1087

  Example of hereditary Coat-armour.
• * 1.1088

  Another ex∣ample of like bearing.
• * 1.1089

  Fran. Rosiers in Exempl. di∣plomat. divers. Caesar. Reg. & Princ. fo. 2.
• * 1.1090

  Anno Dom. 622.
• * 1.1091

  Bearing of many Coat-Armours.
• * 1.1092

  Quarterly bea∣ring misliked.
• * 1.1093

  Antiquity of quartering.
• * 1.1094

  In what case the same is admitted.
• * 1.1095

  An inesco∣cheon.
• * 1.1096

  Antiquity of Inescocheons.
• * 1.1097

  Of the wives Coat-Armour born by the Husband.
• * 1.1098

  Toleration through cu∣stom.
• * 1.1099

  Parted per Pale Baron and Femme
• * 1.1100

  Gilt Spurs fit for Knights.
• * 1.1101

  Of Marshal∣lings betoken∣ing the gift of the Soveraign.
• * 1.1102

  Lady J••ne Seymor.
• * 1.1103

  Lady Katha∣rine Howard.
• * 1.1104

  Lady Katha∣rine Parre.
• * 1.1105

  Other sorts of bearing.
• * 1.1106

  A part in a part, what.
• * 1.1107

  Nicolas de Moline.
• * 1.1108

  An. R. Iacob. 3.
• * 1.1109

  The Earl of Rutland.
• * 1.1110

  Whole in a part, what.
• * 1.1111

  The Earl of Worcester.
• * 1.1112

  Of augmenta∣tions of merit.
• * 1.1113

  Spirituall Knighthoods.
• * 1.1114

  Knights Templers.
• * 1.1115

  Their Ensigne.
• * 1.1116

  The occasion of assumption of this Coat.
• * 1.1117

  The Earl of Savoys Coat.
• * 1.1118

  Of secular re∣munerations.
• * 1.1119

  Sir William Clarks Coat.
• * 1.1120

  Canton si∣nister.
• * 1.1121

  Of Armes As∣sumptive.
• * 1.1122

  Sir John Ferne.
• * 1.1123

  Forced from the enemy.
• * 1.1124

  Cessa. Catot. conclus. 28. part.
• * 1.1125

  Arist. Metaph. 12.
• * 1.1126

  Pet. Balthazar.
• * 1.1127

  Ayala de jure belli, lib. 1.
• * 1.1128

  Law-makers.
• * 1.1129

  Balthazar Ayala de jure belli.
• * 1.1130

  Marshalling less manifest.
• * 1.1131

  Mynors of Triago.
• * 1.1132

  Approbation by Upton.
• * 1.1133

  The mothers Coat upon the fathers.
• * 1.1134

  Distinct Coat-Armour Mar∣shalled in one Escocheon.
• * 1.1135

  Conceited forms of mar∣shalling.
• * 1.1136

  Obscurely marshalled.
• * 1.1137

  Marshalling without the Escocheon.
• * 1.1138

  Externall or∣naments.
• * 1.1139

  Atchievment, what.
• * 1.1140

  Heawme and Timbre, what.
• * 1.1141

  Restraint of words general.
• * 1.1142

  Chassa. conclus. 49. part 1.
• * 1.1143

  Justin. Instit. Lib. 1.
• * 1.1144

  Order of ex∣ternall Orna∣ments.
• * 1.1145

  Zanchius.
• * 1.1146

  Cambden. Brit. de Ordinibus Anglica.
• * 1.1147

  Esquire, or Gentlemans Helmet.
• * 1.1148

  Cambden. in Brit.
• * 1.1149

  Judges 9.
• * 1.1150

  1 Sam. 17.7.
• * 1.1151

  Scutage an∣cient.
• * 1.1152

  Signification of the sidelong Helmet.
• * 1.1153

  Helmet due to a Knight.
• * 1.1154

  1 Reg. 10.11.
• * 1.1155

  Sidelong Hel∣met.
• * 1.1156

  Subordinate ranks of No∣bility.
• * 1.1157

  This Helmet is for Sove∣raigns and free States.
• * 1.1158

  Ed. Spenser in his Eglogues.
• * 1.1159

  Atchievments born single.
• * 1.1160

  Atchievments born manifold.
• * 1.1161

  Rules for pla∣cing divers Helmets on one Shield.
• * 1.1162

  Rule.
• * 1.1163

  Mantle.
• * 1.1164

  Sir Geffrey Chaucer.
• * 1.1165

  Wolf. Lazius, lib comet. Re∣publ. Rom. 8.
• * 1.1166

  Franc. de Ros. Lib. stem. Lo∣tharing. fol. 17.
• * 1.1167

  Wolf. Lazius lib. 9.
• * 1.1168

  Habits in bla∣zon called doublings.
• * 1.1169

  Robes furred with divers colours.
• * 1.1170

  Alex ab Alex. lib. 5. Gen. dier. Wolf. Lazius lib. 8. in com∣ment. Rei. Rom. Why called penulae pictae.
• * 1.1171

  Cognisance how placed.
• * 1.1172

  Whereof cal∣led cristae.
• * 1.1173

  Wolfang. Lazi∣us Comment. Reipub. Rom. lib. 9 pag. 35.
• * 1.1174

  Variety of crests.
• * 1.1175

  The Galatians Trojans, My∣sians, Thra∣cians.
• * 1.1176

  Crest upon an Escroll.
• * 1.1177

  Rule.
• * 1.1178

  Cap of Digni∣tie.
• * 1.1179

  Other sorts of Crowns.
• * 1.1180

  Peculiar Or∣naments.
• * 1.1181

  Thomas Duke of Norfolke.
• * 1.1182

  Supporters
• * 1.1183

  Blazon of Supporters.
• * 1.1184

  Cotised.
• * 1.1185

  Who may bear their Arms suppor∣ted. Cotises whence deri∣ved.
• * 1.1186

  Motto.
• * 1.1187

  Abra. Franc. lib. 2. pag. 57.
• * 1.1188

  Blazon of At∣chievements.
• * 1.1189

  Order in set∣ting forth At∣chievements.
• * 1.1190

  The temple of honour.
• * 1.1191

  Foure parts of Nobility.
• * 1.1192

  Threefold No∣bility accor∣ding to Bartho.
• * 1.1193

  Different phrase of Na∣tions.
• * 1.1194

  Distinct orders of Gentry.
• * 1.1195

  30. Ed. 1.
• * 1.1196

  The flowers and points of a Marquess his Coronet are of even height. The pearled points of the Earls Coronet are much longer than the in∣termixt flow∣ers thereof.