The Holy life of Philip Nerius founder of the Congregation of the Oratory. To which is annexed a relation written by S. Augustine of the miracles in his dayes, wrought many of them in or near the city wherein he resided and well-known to him. And a relation of sundry miracles wrought at the monastery of Port-Royall in Paris, A.D. 1656. publikcly [sic] attested by many witnesses. / Translated out of a French copie published at Paris. 1656.

THE FIRST BOOK. His Actions before his going to Vallicella.

Chapter 1. Philips Birth and Infancy.

PHilip Nerius was born at Florence in the Year of our Lord 1515. On the Vigill of the B. Mary Magdalen after midnight, Leo the X^th. then Pope: and at his Bap∣tism in the Church of S. John Baptist, was after the name of his Grandfather called Philip. His Father Francis Nerius was a man of good repute with all, and of great integrity in his plead∣ings in the Law. His mother Lucretia Soldia a No∣ble

and Religious Matron, whose Ancestors had for∣merly managed the prime offices in that Common∣wealth.

Francis had by Lucretia four Children; two Daughters Katharine and Elisabeth, and two Sons, Anthony, that dyed an infant, and Philip; who was of a pregnant wit, an affable disposition, handsome features of body and and a strange sweetness of be∣haviour; furnished with all the excellencies where∣with those, who from Heaven are designed unto the good of Souls, are usually beautified.

His vertuous Parents vertuously educated him whilst yet a child: first entring him time∣ly into Grammar, wherein he not only outwent, but be∣came also admired by his School-fellows. He studied Rethorick too under an able Master, through whose discipline he proved a good proficient.

Among other essays of his after-piety, which at times from his very infancy he discovered to the world, a marvellous inclination to things divine, a rare modesty, and very great reverence to his Supe∣riours were remarkable in him. He was so dutifull to his Father, that, but once in all his life, was he known to move him (in the least) to anger; viz. when he very lightly strook his Sister Katharine, as shee disturbed him at his prayers: which fault (if at those years it may be termed a fault) being reprov∣ed for by him, he a long while after bewailed.

His Mothers commands he was so carefull of, that being at any time bid to stay any where, he would not stir from the place without her leave. She dying,

and his Father marrying anew, his Step-Mother, out of a reverence to his Sanctity, loved him entirely, as her own; and when he afterward left Florence, wept sore to part with him. Yea in her last most desperate Sickness, being at the point of Death, she oft redoubled his name, ever and anon calling him thereby, as if the very mentioning of it were a kinde of ease to her.

Nor only was he thus respective to his Parents and betters; even his equals and inferiours found him so pleasant, as if he had no mixture of Choller in him at all: so that for his excellent temper, and inno∣cent carriage he was (by contraction of his name) styled Pippus bon••s, Pippus the Good.

By which amiableness both of Nature, and man∣ners, he not only deserved the love of men, but was protected by God, even to a miracle: For being some eight or nine years old, and (as boys are) ea∣ger of riding, he got up on an asse that was in an outer court; and on a sudden together with the asse fell down a pair of stairs into a cellar, where a wo∣man presently running took him up sound▪ and well, whom she supposed to have been bruised to pieces.

These rare accomplishments of the minde were at∣tended with a speciall care of religion, and the ser∣vice of God: and his devotions argued in him a strange maturity, and carried with them much of authority. For they consisted not in erecting li••tle Al∣tars, as is usuall for children at that age; but in sending up prayers, reciting Psalms, and devout at∣tention to the word of God: concealing still in his talk his intention to become a Priest, or betake himself to a Cloyster; and even in his childhood growing re∣served in his designes; as perfectly detesting all man∣ner of ostentation.

Such a forwardness in vertue, and so childlike in∣nocency

procured him already that favour with God that whatever he requested of our Lord, he instant∣ly obtained: So that it oft hapned, when he had lost any thing upon recourse to his prayers he presently found it.

He drew his first breathings of the Spirit from the Fryers predicant, whose Church dedicated to S. Mark, he much frequented, insomuch as living afterward in Rome, when any of the Fathers of that Order visit∣ed him, he would usually say; Whatever good I have by Gods blessing received from my Infancy: I owe it all to the Fathers of your Society; principally to Zenobius de Medices, and Servantius Minius: of whom he was wont to relate this passage.

These two had agreed together, every night, be∣fore they went to Mattens, to confesse their sins to one another, but the enemy of mankind envying them so great a good, knocks at Zenobius's chamber one night, two hours before ordinary, and cries, O ho, rise, 'tis high time: whereat he awaks, and leaping out of bed hies him to Church, where he finds the counterfeit Servantius walking hard by the seat of Confession. Zenobius taking him for Servantius indeed devoutly kneels to make his confession, the devill sits by, takes it, and at any fault the Penitent confest, an∣swered, Pish, this is nothing, no fault, this: then dis∣covering some worse offence, still he replyed, These are but trifles. Zenobius hearing that, mistrusting the devils wiles, crossing himself thus bespake the Father of lies; Art not thou that fiend infernall? at which he vanisht away, both disappointed of his hope, and confounded with shame.

Besides these he resorted to an eminent Preacher of the Order of the Humiliati, called Baldoline, whom he greatly delighted to hear; of whose Sanct••ty, he gave a very fair Character, affirming that Florence

was saved by this mans prayers; in the Year 1527. What time the Duke of Bourbon passing with his army through Italy, assaulted Rome.

The Holy Youth thus taken up with Spirituall im∣ployments, this divine priviledge was granted him, that burning with the love of all vertues he even flamed with a Zeal of suffering for Christ. He was then about fifteen years of age, when he fell into a burning fever, which he endured with that patience and resolution, that though his body lay under the strokes of the disease, his Spirit seemed in a sort a∣bove it: therefore secretly hiding the matter, his chief care was to conceal from the family his being Sick.

No less bravery of minde did he express, when his Fathers house being on fire, he bare with such moderation the loss of no small quantity of goods; that he thereby raised in all a very great opinion of his future piety.

Chap. 2. He is sent to his Ʋncles in Campania.

THere was an Ʋncle of Philips named Romulus, a man very industrious, who going from Florence into Campania, and living a Merchant at S. Germans had there got an estate to the value of 22000 Crowns, and more: to him therefore was Philip at eighteen years old, by his Father dispatched, with designe, that applying himself to Merchandise, he might make him his heir, especially having none nearer a kin to him then he. So coming to S. Germans, he was by his Ʋncle kindly received, towards whom he so demeaned himself, that observing his ingenuity and

maners, he purposed to make him his heir; but that God who had destined him to nobler ends, defeated the contrivances of his Ʋncle: and Philip within a while perceiving himself called forth to a far better course of life, began to consult of altering his condi∣tion: to the perfecting which project of his, that which now comes to be related did conduce.

At the Port of Caieta, not far off S. Germans, there riseth a Mountai••, fam'd by report for one of those that ren•• asunder at the Passion of our Saviour. This mountain parts it self into three huge clefes from top to bottom, of which the midlemost is much the wid∣est; where on a high and stately Rock stands a Chap∣pel remarked for an ancient Crucifix in it, wh••ch, as they passe by, the Seamen are wont to salute with vol∣leys of Shot.

Hither ofttimes Philip retires, the better to con∣template on the mysteries of the Passion: where loath∣ing daily more and more the varnished follies, and gilded roctenness of this world, he resolved, quit∣ting his Merchants affairs, to make choice of a life, wherein he might freely serve God, with a minde disinteressed from worldly cares. His Ʋncle soon dis∣covers his drift, and labours might and main to alter his Resolutions:

First promiseth to leave him sole Heir to his whole estate; then mindes him of the Nerian Family, like to fail utterly in him; which he should do well to think of; and neither hastily nor unadvisedly determin a matter of that conse∣quence; Lastly tells him, he had not deserved so ill at his hands, as not to obtain one favour from him,

in lieu of so many bestowed. Philip as was fit, mo∣destly replyed; He should never be unmindful of his favours indeed; but as to the rest, he rather commended his affection, then approved his counsel.

Chap. 3. His going to Rome: and first Fervors in Spirit.

WHen he had been at S. Germans two years, moved by impulse of the H. Spirit, he comes to Rome, not so much as acquainting his Father there∣with, lest he might divert him from his intentions.

At his entrance into the City, he met with an op∣portunity (to his own wish) of devoting himself to Christ: for going to one Galeottus Caccius a Gentle∣man of Florence, whom possibly he formerly knew, he seeing the modesty of the youth, took him into his house, and pittying his necessity, allotted him a little chamber, allowing him yearly a quantity of Corn, which Philip gave to a Baker, to whom he repaired daily for a loaf to sustain life with.

This his kindness the pious young man was not wanting to requite, even with a greater; taking up∣on him the instruction of Galeottus's two Sons, both in Learning and Manners; whom in a short time he brought to that pass, that in innocence and purity they seemed Angels rather than men.

Here for divers years did Philip lead a most austere life, shunning all Company and commerce; so that there be, who affirm him to have lived an Anchorets life even in the heart of the City. His diet was so spare, you would have said, Hunger could not pinch, nor Thirst parch him; for when the Servants used at first to save him a share at meals, yet would he go down into the yard to the well, and dine or sup with bread and water; adding sometimes a few olives or herbs: yea oftimes fasting three dayes together. His chamber was slightly furnished, for except a little Bed, and a few Books, you should scarce finde any thing there.

His necessaries both of linnen and woollen hung on a line tyed cross the room. He was much in Prayer, wherewith he was so delighted, that he needed no external inducement, his own inclinations did so hurry him thereto, spending sometimes whole nights and dayes therein. This his emment course of life became so notorious, that not Florence alone, but most of the Cities of Italy heard the fame thereof.

Chap. 4. His Study of Philosophy and Theologie.

ANd the better to attain the perfection of divine knowledge, and contemplate on heavenly things, he annexeth to the exercises of Piety, the studies of Philosophy and Divinity. And applying him∣self first to Philosophy, he therein so acquitted him, that not without cause he was ranked amongst the learned'st Scholars, eminent in those dayes in the Colledge at Rome. His Praeceptors were the chief in all the City, Alphonso Ferrio, and Caesar Jacobellius, after∣wards Bishop.

He studied Divinity among the Augustine Friers; wherein he made such a progress, that he gained enough to serve him for his whole life: insomuch that when he was old, he would answer the deepest questions in Theologie as readily, as if he had come from his studies but the other day: sometimes dis∣cussing such points with his Sons, who were vers'd in them; both to endear them the more to him, and by these allectives, further and promote them in Christian Devotion. At other times (but that seldom) he would discourse thereof with the most judicious Divines of that Age; of whom were Ambrosius de

Balneolo, afterward made Bishop of Nardo by Pius the V. and Paulus Bernardinus of Luca of the Order of S. Dominic, famous for Wisdom and Learning, with whom he was very intimate. To others he car∣ried himself with such Modesty, as though he had scarce been in the Confines of Learning. Whereupon a wise Prelate visiting him, and conferring at large with him, said at his parting: I took this for an igno∣rant and unletter'd man, but in truth I finde him ex∣cellently qualified for vertue and profound knowledge: the like befell Alexander Saulius, Bishop, first of Ale∣ria, then of Pavie, famous for holiness and learning, who propounding some Theological questions to him, wondred at his sharp understanding, and gave him the like testimony.

Hence it was his custome, that if any of His had in his hearing delivered any thing, either unwarily or obscurely, in their ordinary Sermons, (of which course more hereafter) he would presently up into the Pulpit, and explain it with such weight of reasons and significancy of terms, you would have said, his Doctrine was rather inspired by God, then acquired from Art.

In Theologie he mostwhat inclined to the judge∣ment of S. Thomas, whose Summ he had still by him: nor was he less a proficient in the H. Scriptures; by continual reading whereof, and daily meditation, he was able to interweave the sacred Oracles with his discourse, to the great advantage of his hearers.

Nor in his younger time did he neglect Poetry, as well Latine as Italian, in which he grew so dextrous, that on a sudden he would compose excellent verses at pleasure. Yet while he thus intended his studies, he did not for this omit the exercises of Religion and Charity; but resorted to the Infirmaries of the City, carefully tended the sick, taught in the Cathedrals

the principles of Faith, and the like; in brief, refused nothing that any way conduced to the good of Souls. Yea, for the time he studied Divinity, whensoever he fixed his eyes on the Crucifix which hung up in the Schools, he was not able to forbear sighs and tears. So that, as at Florence he was sirnamed Pippus bonus, so at Rome he gained the title of Philippus bonus, Philip the vertuous.

Chap. 5. Quitting his Studies he devotes himself wholly to Christ.

AS soon as he had gathered from Sciences, and reading Holy Books what he thought might suffice to the promoting his own and others Salvati∣on, taking S. Pauls advice; Non plus Sapere, quam o∣portet sapere; That none presume to understand, above what is meet to understand; all business set aside, he determined to know nothing but Christ and him Cru∣cified. Hereupon he sold all the Books he had, and bestowed the Money on the Poor: which act of Chari∣ty performed, he betook him to his Prayers with more fervent devotion; even to the spending dayes and nights therein, and continuing sometimes in it full forty houres.

And for his better progress, he began more severely to afflict his body, sleeping on the ground anights, beating himself every day with small Iron Chaines, declining the Company of men, daily frequenting the seven Churches of the Citty, especially the Cae∣mitery of Callistus; where carrying with him only one loaf for his provision, he would many times pass whole nights in supplications: which strange course of life he led for ten years together. Which Francis

Cardonius, a Dominican (who then in Rome had charge of the Novices in the Monastery of S. Maria su∣pra Minervam:) observing, to encourage others to the practises of stricter holiness, would frequently tell them; Phil••p Neri indeed was a right holy person; who, besides many wonderfull things done by him; lived ten whole years in S. Sebastians Grots.

If he chanced at any time to finde the Church-doors shut, when he repaired to those holy places, he was won•• to stand in the Porch; and there imploy himself in meditation on heavenly things; oftimes in read∣ing some pious book by Moon-light. Here was he en∣riched with such celestial treasures, here was he so ravished with delights, that when he could no longer sustain those overcomming pleasures, he would cry out; It is enough, good God, it is enough, withhold I entreat thee, withhold the excesses of thy Grace, for I cannot ••ear them: and falling flat upon the earth, he was fa••n to roll himself too and fro. No wonder therefore, if being big with him, who fills heaven, and earth, he did divers times affirme, that nothing was more irksome, more a burden to him that truely lov∣ed God, than life: oft using that memorable and common saying, That Holy Men endured life, desired death.

Yet God not only thus feasted his Champion with Spirituall Dainties, but on the other side exercised him with the encounters of divels that assaulted him. He went once to the Lateran Church, and passing the Amphitheater of Vespasian, an evill spirit in the like∣ness of a naked person comes out and meets him, sug∣gesting filthy and impure thoughts to him: but the chast youth knowing the wily artifices of that old Ser∣pent betakes him to his wonted artillery of Prayer, with which he shamefully worsted the fiend.

One night also, not far from S. Sebastians Church,

on a suddain three devills with ugly and grim visages (the more to fright him) met him praying, and meditating as he walked, but he, as one disdaining them, discovering no sign of fear went on undaunt∣edly, continuing in prayer with great tranquility: at which they fled, frustrate of their expectations. And with many other combats in this kinde did those wicked spirits assail him, over whom notwithstand∣ing this valliant Souldier of Christ victoriously tri∣umphed. Of which in their proper places.

Chap. 6. The miraculous Palpitation of his Heart.

HAving lived thus a long time, and now 29 years of age, among other priviledges wherewith God honoured him, the miraculous beating of his heart, the fracture of two of his ribs, so that they stuck out, were not the meanest: which befell him after this manner.

A little before Witsuntide, a festivity dedicated to the Holy Ghost, to whom Philip having long since piously surrendred up himself, now more intensely pray'd; Lo! on an instant he perceived himself seiz∣ed with such a passionate fervour of Divine Love, that flinging himself on the earth, like one in a swoon gasping for air, he was forced immediately to bare his brest: when, the extream heat somewhat allayed, he rose, and transported with extraordinary joy, put∣ting his right hand to his left side, found a kind of rising where the heart is & seated, swollen to the bigness of ones fist.

What the cause of this tumor was, plainly appear∣ed when he was dead, in the view of divers: for as

the Surgeon opened his Corpse before skilful Anato∣mists that were by; they found two of the five lesser, which they call the short, ribs, broken clean asunder, and sticking forth like a bow, which for fifty years afterward that he lived, at no time ever closed again: and yet (which seems incredible) he never found from it, either then, or afterward, the least pain or trouble.

At the same time, though he were in very good temper of body, and perfectly free from any grief or passion, yet was he suddenly taken with a palpitation of the heart, that held him from that moment to his last breath: Yet it used to seize on him only when he was conversant in matters of Religion; as when he said Mass, gave Absolution, ministred the Body of Christ, prayed, or performed the like offices; at which his heart would so leap within him, as though it would have broke its prison, and have forced its way through him. Then should you have seen the stools, bed, and the chamber it self shaken and tossed, as with an earth-quake; so once at the Cathedral of S. Peter when kneeling down upon a great and heavy board, his whole body did so quake and tremble, that the board he rested on moved up and down, like a thing of no weight at all. From that time was Philip so de∣voted unto the Holy Ghost, that after he was Priest, he would every day (except the rites of the Church were against it) use that prayer in the Sacrifice of the Mass; Deus cui omne cor patet.

Hence it was likewise, that if any Penitent coming to Confession chanced to lean against his breast, he should (even to admiration) feel that throbbing of his heart, and, if his head touched him, sometimes perceive it recoil, as if struck with a hammer; and he in the mean while freed of all Temptations. So that Tiberius Ricciardellus, Canon of the forenamed

Church of S. Peter, who voluntarily served the H. Man four years together, left this upon record.

What time I served the B. man (saith he) I was surprized with a lewd and foul imagination, which so soon as I had disclosed unto him, he bade me come neerer, and joyn my breast to his; I ap∣proached, did so, and was instantly rid of it, never after being molested with like impurities.

Thus Tiberius. The same do Marcellus Vitellescus, Canon of S. Maria Major, one very gracious with Philip, and sundry others avouch.

Besides, that part of his breast burned with such extream heat, that it diffused it self over all his body; and even when he grew in years, and was almost spent with incredible abstinence, yet in the depth of Winter, in the in the middle of the night was he forced to uncover his breast, open Windows, and by several wayes, (as he could) let in the cooler air. Which im∣moderate heat grew so great at some times, that not only his hands grew exceeding hot, but his throat was dried up and scorched, as it had been on fire: that in winter, when all things are chill, and stiff with frost and snow, you should have seen a man worn out with old age, walk open-breasted thorow the City.

But when the Physicians, in regard of the differing Symptoms, which he found from this panting, ap∣plyed several and contrary medecines; he jestingly said, I would these men knew but the cause of my malady▪ intimating that he was not distempered by any natu∣ral sickness, but wounded rather with Divine Love: and therefore used to say, Vulneratus sum Charitate ego, I am wounded with love. As likewise finding him∣self ensnared in the love of Christ, he would sing in Italian.

Vorrei saper da voi, com' ell' é fatta Questa rete d'amor, che tanti hà preso?

I would fain be by you taught How this Net of Love is wrought, Where so many have been caught.

In like manner he would oftimes throw himself upon his bed, and there languish, surcharged with the too delicious Gusts of the Spirit. So truly was that in the Canticles verified in him, Fulcite me, &c. Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples, for I am sick of love. But to conceal his secret from the no∣tices of any, he gave out, those Fits arose either from indisposition of body, or long custom; and therefore purposely wore a Hankerchief on the left side of his breast, that the extension of his Ribs might not be perceived. This also in his palpitation was at∣tributed to a miracle, that it took him not by con∣straint, but by consent; as he more then once de∣clared to Cardinal Borromeo his most intimate friend. And therefore Andreas Caesalpinus, and Angelus Victo∣rius, with other able Physicians, set forth several Tracts about it, shewing how this thrusting forth his Ribs befell him by a special Providence of God; that his heart (likely otherwise to be oppressed in so vio∣lent a motion) having by this means a larger circuit, might beat freelier, and gather air the better.

After he had received of God this favour, he be∣gan more than ever to visit the seven Churches; whom, as he was going one day, the Spirit of God so strong∣ly seized on, that cast down to the ground, he was fain to cry out; Depart from me, O Lord, depart; for lo! I die; and except thou help, I can no longer bear it. From which time the Merciful Lord somewhat a∣bated and lessened those impetuous violences of Holy Love.

Chap. 7. His good works, and pains for the Conversion of others.

HAving now a long while lived thus, severed from the society of men, and now called forth by the supream Lord of all for the good of Souls, he applies himself wholly to the conversion of Sinners. To that end he resorts to publique meetings, the company of Scholars, frequents the Academies, in∣trudes into the assemblies of the prophane, diligent∣ly repairing to the chief places of busines: where on all occasions, without any regard of their persons, treating of divine things, he wan many, whom by degrees he gently led to Christ.

Among others, whom he converted, was Henry Petra of Placentia, who by his perswasions forsaking his Merchandise, was made Priest, and lived very ex∣emplarily at a Church of S. Hierom's, where he made a Holy end. This was he that amplified and enlarged the Congregation of Christian Doctrine in the City. Next he gained unto Christ Theseus Raspa, who like∣wise leaving the profession of a Merchant took Orders, and died full of years and good works at the same Church with Petra. He reclaimed also John Manzo∣lius, who, though a Laique, yet aspiring to perfecti∣on, gave a great example of vertue unto many. Be∣sides many others, whom he reduced to the paths of life, of whom hereafter.

And as his Charity encreased, he (no doubt by di∣rections from the H. Spirit) began to consort with the most lewd recreants in all the City (but being of that age, not with women at all) many of which he perswaded to better courses. Of these there was one

of the chief Bankers, who inveigled with the Love of pelf, and mired in Sottish and carnal plea∣sures led a most dissolute life. He being by Phi∣lips means incensed with a Zeal to the service of God repaired to a Priest, for absolution of his sins, who repulsed him, for that he refused to abjure committing the same again, he, coming to Philip something sad, relates what had hap∣ned, beseeching him to pray to God for him, though most unworthy. Philip chearing his deject∣ed minde, and making light of the difficulties said Go: I am now hasting to pray for you; and will not desist till I have moved the most High to pitty: and so he did: for shortly after, upon his withstand∣ing the next occasions to those sins, he was ab∣solved according to his desires by the same Priest, who had formerly rejected him; and became a great observer of Philip ever after.

And here must not be forgot, that when he was young, being very handsome, he was by some debauched persons inticed to villany as he came from Sermon; but he immediately discoursed to them ex tempore of the ugliness of vice, and digni∣ty of vertue, with such courage, that they went away his converts, who came to pervert him.

He drave divers to severall Religious Orders. Whereupon S. Ignatius Loiola Founder of the So∣ciety of Jesus living then at Rome, used to call him the Saints-bell of that time; for that he excited others to Regular Discipline, while himself led a Secular life: just as the Bell that tolls others to Church, and it self the while abides in the Stee∣ple. Ignatius was desirous to have made him his own, but God had otherwise appointed.

Philips Sons observed, that those who despised

his counsel for the most part came to an ill end. So it chanced to one that professed Philosophy, whom Philip had chid for some heinous fact, but he sligh∣ted his admonition; and no sooner went from the place, but was unfortunately murdred. The like hapned to another, whom once, or twice he had wished to repent, who growing obstinate, with∣in a few dayes was imprisoned, convicted of a notorious crime, and adjudged to dye, but at the earnest suit of his friends was condemned to the Gallies.

Yet whilst imployed in the cure of Souls, he neglects not other acts of piety, he oft visited Hospitals, where with his own hands he made beds, cleansed away all filth, swept the floor, serv∣ed in meat, and did such like offices; but in the first place commended to God the Souls of dying people; not leaving them till they either recover∣ed, or died.

These instances of Christian charity so inflamed the hearts of many unto Piety, that not only the Clergy, but even the Laity, and Nobility began to frequent Infirmities and places of charity (a thing not common in that age) where, as every one stood affected they releived the fick, or strangers and pilgrims. Hence the Order of those that mi∣nister to the Sick had its Originall; whose first In∣stituter was Camillus Lellius, a man renowned for his vertues, and a great admirer of Philip. Here it must not be passed over, that Philip affirmed, how when two of this order were one time com∣mending to God the Souls of the dying, he saw An∣gels wispering words in their ears: which thing he had often related to them, to encourage those reli∣gious persons to so important a duty of piety; as is mentioned in their Chronicle.

CHAP. 8. He erects the Fraternity dedicated to the H. Trinity.

BEsides these the H. Man contrived otherways for the good of his Neighbours; for in the year 1548. on the 16^th. of August, together with Persianus Rosa a devout Priest (his Confessarius) he instituted the Society of the most H. Trinity in the Church of S. Saviours in the Camp.

Here Philip and about fifteen more met, where besides the frequent use of Sacraments, and other religious exercises, they communed about spiritual matters with great devotion, provoking one ano∣ther to Christian perfection. The first Sunday of every Moneth, and yearly in Holy week before Easter, according to the custom of the Church, they for the space of forty hours exposed the B. Sacrament of the Eucharist in most solemn manner; at the performing which Philip discoursed of hea∣venly things (sometimes at each hours end) with such fervency of Spirit, as there was none so hard and inflexible, but relented while he spake: and once it fell out, that at one throw (letting down the net of Divine exhortation) he drew up thirty young men together who stuck fast in the mudd of an impure conversacion: yea divers that came to jeer, seeing a Lay-man preach (a thing then unu∣sall) struck with the force of his words betook them to the practises of a holy life.

During the time of these prayers, he for the most part spent a day and a night in heavenly contem∣plation; and at the end of each hour by a signall

dismissed them that prayed, calling up others, and saying, See Brethren, the houre indeed is spent, but never the time of doing well.

The Institution of this Society (which continues at this present) was, that Pilgrims coming to Rome out of devotion, might be hospitably entertained: which in the Jubile following under Pope Julius the third began to grow to a perfect work. For the number of those that came to the City being in these years much greater, and no place setled for poor and strangers to lodg in, Philip and his associ∣ates moved with charity courteously received them: and the resort increasing exceedingly, there was a necessity of hiring a larger house to lodge the many comers the more conveniently.

This charitable work excites divers to the like: in such wise, that every day you should see, whilst whole multitudes of travellers flocked in from all parts, some washing their feet, others bringing them victuals, others making their beds; some comforting the distressed, instructing the Ignorant, all diligent in doing all offices of charity and piety. So that the good savour of this Order diffusing 'its fragrancy abroad far and wide, sundry were ambi∣tions of entring into it.

The first of this fraternity (who all reverenced Philip as their Father) though but meanly accomo∣dated with temporals, had neverthelesse a rich fur∣niture of their own vertues; for he that had the lowest office among them, serving in the Kitchin, arrived to so high perfection, that going many times at midnight from his lodging, looking up to heaven he would be even rapt with the meditation of things divine. Another likewise of the same so∣ciety foreseeing the day of his death, sends for his

Sister, and bid her write, such an hour on Friday I shall depart: and departed the same hour as he had said.

Further these pious, and compassionate men, ob∣serving sick men turned out of the Hospitals, before they were quite recovered, oftimes relapsing with greater peri of their lives, appointed that such for some dayes should be relieved here, till they were perfectly well. All which, being daily augment∣ed, and enlarged, was for conveniency removed from the Church of S. Saviours to that place where the Temple of the H. Trinity is now erected, at the Bridge Xistns.

And to what greatness this work hath rise, with∣in these three last Jubiles, both our Fathers and our selves have beheld. For not only the chief Pre∣lates of the Court, and Cardinals of the Church of Rome; not only men, and women of principall note (the one toward the men, the other toward women) have bin seen performing services of all kinds; but there also you might behold the Pope himself (both to the admiration, and for the imi∣tation of the beholders) washing the feet of Pil∣grims, serving them at table, giving them Alms, and most devoutly doing such like offices; insomuch as the fame hereof was bruited throughout the whole Christian World.

CHAP. 9. He is made Priest, and Authorised to hear Confessions.

GOd therefore having determined the work of his Servant to the Cure of Souls, and Philip in

that condition being uncapable of such employ∣ment, inwardly excites Persianus Rosae his Confessor to perswade him to the taking H. Orders. At first he opposed it, objecting his weakness, and endea∣voured by many reasons to divert Persianus from those thoughts: but he peremptorily demands his obedience.

So in the year 1551. (the Council of Trent not then broken up) Philip at the age of 36. in March at S. Thomas's Church in Parione, but upon severall days, received his first Tonsure, the four inferiour Orders, and Subdeaconship: and the same moneth and year, namely on the Saturday in Holy week was made Deacon at the Lateran Church: and on the 23^d. of May the same year, Priest, at S. Thomas's.

Soon after he went to dwell at S. Hierom's a Charitate, where lived some few yet holy Priests: viz. Bonsignorius Cacciaguerra of Siena, a man e∣minent for his Sanctity, and Learned, Persianus Rosa Philips Confessor; Francis Marsupinius of A∣rezzo, one of great simplicity and integrity, who next after Persianus was Philips Confessor; one Fran∣cis sirnamed the Spaniard, no whit inferiour to the rest in vertue; and Peter Spatarias of A∣rezzo too; one of extraordinary piety, and the last of all the Priests at S. Hierom's that were his Confessors. For these dying he chose John Baptist a P••••usian of the society of Jesus for some years; and last of all Caesar Baronius to his dying day.

These servants of Christ, lived in the same house together, united fast in the same bond of mutual charity and respects; without any other particular constitution of government, save only Love, none superiour to other, nor having one table, but keep∣ing their order of seniority, cared for nothing but

to outvy each other in the serving of God, and helping their Neighbours. Which Order continues still, and flourisheth to the great example of vertue: and here was Philip Authorised for the taking Confessions; whereby he dayly gained opportuni∣ties for promoting the good of Souls.

CHAP. X. The Original of the Spiritual Conferences.

BUt for that most then neglected the things per∣taining to salvation, and counted it enough for them to confess their sins once or twice a year: Philip observing, that the bane of souls principally arose hence; employed all his wit and pains to a∣nimate and stir them up to more frequent use of the Sacraments, and the discharge of other religi∣ous duties: which with those devout persons al∣ready mentioned he restored, or at least promo∣ted at Rome.

And to effect it the better, laying all aside, he gave himself wholly to the hearing Confessions, hav∣ing no small number of Penitents, and considering what great advantages accrewed thereby, bestowed part of the night also herein: and betimes in the Morning gave audience to others confessing to him in his Chamber; for whose conveniency he layd the key of his door in a constant place, that they might have access to him at their pleasure.

As soon as ever the Church-doors were open, he straight betook him to his seat of Penance, which he left not usually, except to say Mass, or when some urgent occasion called him away. When none

came he stayed there either meditaring, or walk∣ing before the Church-porch; that if any needed his help they might presently have recourse to him, as being at leasure. He was so delighted in hear∣ing Confessions, that he would often say, he took exceeding pleasure in but fitting in the Penitential chair; and therefore as long as he lived he omitted not this service. And when any asked him, Fa∣ther, why do you over-burden your self with so great pains taking? his answer was, I am so far from thinking it a burden, that I finde it an ease and re∣creation to me.

Neither was it enough in his opinion to allure many by these artifices, but he also laboured to strengthen and confirm them in the ways of God. To which end he took order for their meeting in his chamber after dinner, (for at those hours the wise man knew the incursions of the Noon-day devil were most of all to be avoided and withstood) where gathering round about him, he either sitting or resting on the bed, proposed some moral subject, as the beauty of vertue, or deformity of vice, or else the life of some Saint, whereto every one contri∣buted his part. Which pious discourse ended, Phi∣lip repeating what was said, fol∣lowed the argument with such eagerness, that he a shook the whole room with his action, and oftimes his body was seen lifted up into the air, and he standing as on the Ground.

At first there were present at these Conferences but seven or eight: viz. Simon Grazinius and Mon∣tes Zazzara, Florentines; Michael a Prato a Shoe∣maker, two young men Goldsmiths; and a Roman, one of the Maximi: but the number afterward in∣creasing,

the H. man at his own charges provided a larger, and more convenient room in the same house.

CHAP. XI. His first Penitents.

WIth these religious exercises did He win ma∣ny of the prime of the City, which became famous in all manner of vertues. Among which the principal were John Baptist Salviatus, Sisters son to Katharine de Medices, Queen of France; who was not ashamed to stoop unto the meanest services for Christs sake, even to attendance on the Hospitals, an employment then thought (but thought unjust∣ly) ignominious for a Noble man; all which he managed with such evidences of his Charity and and Humility, that the sick out of respect to his Person refused his service, which many times he was fain to force upon them. One day making the beds in an Hospital (as his manner was) he found one sick, which had formerly been his servant, who (when he would have made his bed) sick as he was opposed him: the Master urged, the Servant re∣fused; so that a great quarrel began betwixt them, till after a hot contest the Masters Piety got the victory of the Servants Modesty.

This man was such a master of his affections, that he who lately stalked through the City, gor∣geously array'd, attended with a numerous train of servants, having once relished the Spirit, began now utterly to abandon the empty ostentation of such State; yet Philip wished him to go well ha∣bited,

and keep a competent Retinue for the Ho∣nour of his house. By these and the like vertues he so pleased God, that at his death, armed with the Sacraments of the Church, and spreading forth his hands to Heaven, he sang that of David, Laetae∣tus sum in his quae dicta sunt mihi, in domum Domini ibimus: I was glad when they said unto me, Let us go into the house of the Lord: and so breathed out his soul in the arms of Philip his most tender Father.

Before this, Philip had long since brought Por∣tia the Wise of this Salviatus, one of the Maximi, to a wonderful height of Piety; for living a Wi∣dow at Florence, she resolved on some stricter course of serving God; and thereupon withdrew unto a Monastery of Religious Virgins: but not having her health well at Florence, returned to Rome, where, entring into the Nunnery of S. Katharine of Siena on Mount Viminal, being very aged, as she had lived vertuously, so she died holy and lamented.

Next Salviatus was Francis Maria Taurusius Po∣litianus, allied to two Popes, Julius the third, and Marcellus the second; a man of great parts, and for his excellencies and abilities of mind by the Princes highly esteemed, and of much repute at Court. He, upon occasion of a certain Indulgence at that time published, went to the Church of S. Hie∣rom a Charitate to Confession, and found the good man, never unprepared to such offices. When he had done Confession, Philip had him to his chamber; where, after many and several discourses, he took an occasion to desire him to go and pray with him one hour. Taurusius yielded to it; and found in that space such a gust of heavenly things, that the hour seemed less then a minute to him. And when afterwards coming to Philips lodging, he oft saw

him hoised up into the air whilst he pray'd he be∣gan to have a venerable esteem of him, and in∣flamed with more ardent affections unto holiness, thought of prescribing to himself a new course of life. But withheld by some obstacles from those purposes of serving God, he acquaints Philip with them; who bids him Go, and rest contented; for those lets that now hinder you within a moneth will be over: and at the moneths end returning to the H. man well quieted and at ease, he confessed to him, with great contrition and remorse, the sins of his whole life; and finding in Confession that Philip could discover his very thoughts and imaginations, became such a lover and admirer of him, that fore∣going the Pomp and splendour of the Court, he re∣signed up himself wholly to his conduct.

This man had so burning a zeal, and fervent de∣votion, as needed more correctives to allay, than incentives to excite it: and he so wholly depended in every thing upon the Divine pleasure, that he never lost the tranquility of minde, which he had at his first conversion. He highly reverenced Philip; so that being fourscore years of age, and dignified with the Cardinals purple, he gloried most, that he had laid his ground-work in Christs School under Nerius for above fifty years. He was famous for the gift of prayer and tears. He was so excellent at making familiar Sermons, that he is stiled by Baro∣nius in his Ecclesiastical Annals, Dux Verbi; the Chieftain of the Preachers. Clement the eighth cre∣ated him first Archbishop of Avignion: and then conferred on him the Cardinal Dignity: when he was in years he earnestly besought the Fathers, that he might return to them, and end his dayes in the Congregation, they all assented; so, not long after,

in the year of our Lord 1608. and of his age the 82^d. and the eighth moneth, he devoutly ended his life, and lies buried in the Church.

There was besides, among the sons of this H. Fa∣ther, Constantius Tassonius, Nephew to Peter Bertanus Cardinal of Phanum, who being so great a Courtier as he was thought never to be weaned from the world, yet by his converse and acquaintance with Philip, retired from Court, and arrived to a most eminent piety, there being not the meanest duty of charity which he would not most willingly undertake: Thrice a week, and for the most part, every day, he opened himself to his Confessor, and fed on the Bread of Heaven: went every day to Hospitals and Alms-houses; refusing no means of conquering his own will, imposed on him by Philip. When he was made Priest he said Mass every day: so averse to riches and Church-preferments, that be∣ing offered a Benefice of a considerable value, he rejected it. For his extraordinary Sanctity and Vertue he was by S. Carlo sollicited to come to Millain, where he continued in his family to his dying day in high estimation; at last being dispatch∣ed to Rome by that H. Cardinal, he dyed in the bosom of Philip, who foretold his death to him, as after will appear.

One of the eldest of Philips Scholars was John Ba∣ptist Modius, a Calabrian by profession a Physician, one learned and vertuous, that writ ex∣cellently of the waters of Tiber: and compleated some Notes of the B. Jacoponius upon the Canticles. Once Philip came to see him almost dead with a fit of the Stone; and exhorted him to patience; when going out he stept into the next Church, and pray∣ed to God most fervently for him; and at the

first tear the H. man shed, Mo∣dius voided the stone. There∣upon being recovered, not un∣mindful of the blessing, he put himself into his sole patronage and tuition. He was of a milde temper, soon affected with the miseries of others; very ready in preaching; who by Philips appointment (whilst yet a Lay-man) with much banefit and content unto the Auditors; re∣hearsed the lives of the Saints over in the Oratory: of which hereafter. When he died, Philip appointed to that employment Antony Fuccius of Tifernum. a Physician able and pious, and one of the H. mans disciples, who had agreed to go with him into the Indies, for propagating the Christian Faith.

There was also one Martius Alterius greatly de∣voted to Philip, a Roman; one who was so good a proficient under his discipline, that Moses like, for the exuberances of the Spirit, he could scarce frame to speak of Divine matters. He was also so compassionate to the poor, that he gave them his very bed.

Adde to these Matthew Stendardus, Nephew to Paul the fourth, Bernardinus a Valle of Com••, Fulvius Amodeus, James Marmita, John Antonius a S. Seve∣rina, Lewis Paris, who lived with Philip as his me∣nial servant almost thirty years: and many others of the prime families of Italy, all of which gave singular proof of their profiting by his Discipline, before the whole Court of Rome.

Beside these he had other Sons, of mean rank in∣deed, but of illustrious piety. Of which the first was Steven a shoe-maker of Arimium, who lately living a Souldier led a dissolute and profane life,

in the abetting quarrels and maintaining of sends: being at Rome he hapned to go to the Oratory of S. Hieroms to the sermon there, and in civility to the rest sat the lowest of all; but Philip though he neither knew nor had seen him before, brings him to the uppermost seat kindly inviting him to sit down; when the company was gone coming to him again, he used him with such respect, that being wone partly with Gods Word, partly with these, courtesies he frequented the sermons every day, by the constant use of which and of the Sacraments he by degrees cast off his long accustomed evill habits, and by little and little attained unto the height of vertue. He was so propense to works of mercy, that albeit he lived poorly, yet of that he got weekly in his trade, abating necessary diet, he distributed the rest among the poor. He continually medita∣ted on his latter end, preparing himself thereto, no less than if he had bin to dye that day: yet his daily thinking thereon made him not alter his countenance, nor leave his wonted chearfulness. He was strict in his obedience, and much in prayer, in which he received many and great favours from our Lord; particularly this that in the Church of the H. Trinity he was seen to shine with a marvai∣lous brightness. Thus sequestred from all kinde of company, lived he in a small cottage about 23 years, and being advised by his friends (suspect∣ing he might dye suddenly without notice taken) not to live alone, he made answer, that he relyed on the B. Virgins patronage, and doubted not, but that pious Mother would assist him in such an ex∣igent. Nor was he mistaken in the event, for one night being like to dye on the sudden, he went out and called some of his neighbours to stay by him,

and fetch the Curate of the Parish; and going to bed again, when he had fitted himself in due man∣ner with all the Sacraments, he quietly surrendred up his Spirit.

Next to Steven was Francis Maria firnamed Fer∣rariensis an honest and upright man, one who could smell a filthy stench in sin, and sometimes had heard the musique of Angels: when he communicated (which he did every day) or discoursed about hea∣venly matters he would even melt into tears. With∣all so ambitious of suffering for Christ, that once in grievous tortures of the stone he pray'd God, if he saw it good to inflict more on him; upon the ut∣tering which words he was presently cured. He was so desirous of the salvation of others, that af∣ter 3 years tears shed for a certain Jew he at length procured his conversion of God. Taurusius found him once weeping fore, and demanding the reason of it, I could almost drown my selfe in tears, saith he, when I think of the words of our Saviour, Cum haec om∣nia feceritis, dicite, &c. When we have done all these things, say, we are unprofitable servents: for if the Apostles suffering so much for Christ, must call themselves unprofitable, what shall I poor wretch say, that remember no good ever done by me? The same Taurusius found him another time very intent in prayer, going backwards still as though some huge mountain had bin coming upon him, and asking why he did so: I was saith he, me∣ditating on Gods immensity and greatness, which ap∣pearing still greater and greater to me caused me even with my body to retreat likewise.

Another of Philips disciples was Thomas a Sicili∣an, who through his managery attained to such a pitch of humility, that he took it for a high ho∣nour

to have but the office of sweeping So Peters Church in the Vatican: which when he obtained, he discharged with all diligence and care. In the day time he never went out of the Church; In the night he would fetch a light nap on the steps of some Altar: having lived in this office divers years, the devil, enduring his unshaken constancy, put him into a fright, that by being terrified he might desert his emploiment. So, as he rested se∣curely one night, the evil spirit on the sudden made a great noise in the Church, that he verily thought all the seats had bin taken up and presently dashed against the ground; herewith awakned he rose, and taking a wax-light looked round the Church, but found nothing misplaced at all: and prying narowly into the private corners and holes; lest some thief might lye ••id there, he spied a de∣vil skulking hehinde a pillar in the likeness of an ugly More; Thomas boldly ran to him, lifting up his hand to strike him a box on the ear, but the Fa∣ther of pride ashamed, vanished; so, he unappalled returned to his place, and slept on quietly.

Among other of Philips Scholers was Frier Lewis of Spoleto, so called, not for that he entred into a∣ny Religious Order, but for that in honour of S. Francis he alwaies wore hair cloth. He sustained great temporal poverty, but was requited by a spiritual opulency, and the most pretious vertues, especially purity. For which reason Philip allotted him the care of the Virgins of S. Katherinede Rosa; of which; when for certain causes he desired to be discharged, he could never get the B. mans con∣sent, as having sufficient experience of his chastity.

Of the number of his disciples must Peter firnam∣ed Molinarius be also reckoned, one who lost his

sight with excessive weeping; which he is reported to have recovered afterward by miracle from Al∣mighty God. Sundry other children in Christ had Philip, which died in high reputation for San∣ctity; of whom some are for brevities sake o∣mitted here, some, as occasion offers, shall be in∣serted in due place.

CHAP. XII. His Zeal for propagating the Christian Faith.

NOw while the children of this B. Father were conferring of divine things daily in his cham∣ber, where were sometimes read letters, that used to be sent yearly from the Indies to the Fathers of the Society of Jesus; Philip casting with himself how plentiful a harvest, and how few labourers there were in those parts, resolves (so he were ascer∣tained it would be acceptable to God) to go into the Indies, there to his utmost to propagate the Christian faith, and, if need were, shed his blood for the truth of Christ.

His intents he declares to some his chief famili∣ars, in number about twenty, of whom was Tauru∣sius; of these some he wishes to become Priests, only that thereby having procured the Apostolical Benediction they might take a voyage to the Indies. But because he would not enterprize nor determine any thing of moment but by advice, prayer, and the advantage of time, using longer Prayers then for∣merly, he went to a Monk of the Order of S. Be∣net, that dwelt in S. Pauls Monastery with∣out the City, and advised with him, as being in re∣pute

for his life and learning: he remitted him to another Monk of the Order of Cistercians, called Augustin Ghettine Govenourr of the Monastery of the H. Martyrs, Vincentius and Anastasius at Aquae Salviae.

This man was in esteem for knowledg and san∣ctity, by his parents dedicated to God and Reli∣gion ere he was born into the world. For his de∣vout Parents, having duely confessed, and received the B. Sacrament, were wont to consecrate to God their issue, as oft as it befel them, yet unborn. He was famous likewise for the Spirit of Prophecy; and exceedingly devoted to S. John the Evangelist; by whose means, he said, he had received very many favours: insomuch that being neer his end he cry∣ed out, My dear S. John (so he called him) hath assured me, I shall die on his Festival. And indeed as he said Mass on Christmas day, the Evangelist forewarned him, that next day after he should die: so, Mass being done, he hastned to bed, and arm∣ing him with the Sacrament of extream Ʋnction, the day following died.

To this Reverend person Philip relates what he had designed, and requests his advice aceording as the matter imported, he deferred in it, and bids him come again, that so he might give him a more punctuall answer. At the day appointed when Philip came, he returned him this answer; S. John the Evangelist had appeared to him, and told him plainly, that his Indies should be at Rome, and that God would use his service there for the good of many: telling him further that the Three Fountains seemed to him of bloody tincture, which, as S. John ex∣pounded it, presaged a great calamity on the City. Upon this Philip gave over, determining to settle

at Rome, and addict himself altogether to the fur∣thering and promoting the salvation of others, as long as he lived.

Yet did not this ardent Zeal of propagating the Faith chill in him at any time: for what he could not do among the Indians, he to his uttermost en∣deavoured in the City. When a Jew, Heretique, or any other Infidell met him, he could not refrain weeping at the first sight, he was so earnestly desi∣rous of his conversion: and therefore neglected no∣thing that might further it.

One time he travelled with Prosper Cribellius, one of his Sons, whom he loved well, to S. John Laterans; into whose companie a Jew chanced to light; as they went into the Church, reverently kneeling be∣fore the Altar, where was the H. Sacrament, the He∣brew stood with his hat on, turning his back upon the Altar, to whom Philip; Friend, let me intreat you to pray with me a little in these words, O Christ, if thou be the true God, grant that I embrace the Christi∣an faith: Far be that from me, replyed the Jew, that were to question my own Religion. Thereupon Philip spake to them that were by, Pray ye for him, for doubtless he shall receive the faith of Christ: and so it proved; for a while after, at the prayers of Philip, with other spirituall means, the Jew was baptized, and listed in Christs Militia.

On the Vigil of the H. Apostles Peter and Paul, Marcellus Ferrius, one of Philips Sons, hapned on two young men, Hebrews, in the porch of the Vatican Church: who saluting them courteously, began to discourse piously and profitably (and not in vain) of both the faith and glory of those Hebrew Apostles: thereby gently and by degrees perswad∣ing them to visit Philip at their leisure, who lived

then at S. Hieroms. They did so, and were kind∣ly entertained by the H. Father, whose sweetness and civility so transported them, that for some moneths together they constantly called on him at certain times; afterwards when they left coming, Philip sends for Marcellus, bids him carefully look out those young men. He goes to their house, en∣quires of their Mother, if they were well: she tells him one of them lay dangerously sick; he desired to have access to him, and, as God would have it, was admitted: when he came into the Room he findes him like to dye; his disease having taken a∣way his stomack quite, so that he refused all meats. The woman requests Marcellus to offer him meat if happily he would take it from his hand: he did, and the young man accepts whatsoever he offers. Marcellus when he saw his time, whispers in his ear. Philip remembers him kindly to you: at which, he was much pleased and smiled. Then Marcellus, Re∣member you promised Philip you would become a Christi∣an; I well remember it, said he, and will stand to my word. Marcellus informs Philip hereof, who o∣ver joy'd said to him, Doubt not, let us but fall to our prayers, and be confident, he will receive the faith. In fine, the sick party recovered and both he and his Brother were Baptized.

He converted also to the Christian faith, one of the wealthiest of the Jews, who was bapti∣zed in S. Peters Church. And because his Fa∣ther who was still a Jew was more familiar than was meet with the Son so lately become a Christian, Gregory the XIII^th. then Pope, fearing lest by this daily converse this new Souldier of Christs might receive harm, told Philip he liked not that kind of entercourse. The H. man replied, he there∣fore

suffered their society, for that he hoped by the sons means to gain the Father to Christ also. And he was not deceived in it, for as soon as the Son but brought his Father to Philip, he discoursed with such fervent charity, and forcible eloquence of true faith in God, that being enflamed there∣with he quickly was baptized, and admitted into the number of the faithfull.

Some years after, when Philip went from S. Hie∣roms to Vallicella, the same man having four Ne∣phews, Orphans, was solicitous to keep them from conversing with the Jews, that so being instruct∣ed in the mysteries of religion, they might be train∣ed up in the faith of Christ: these therefore, their affectionate Ʋncle commits to Philip, who loving∣ly and friendly, as his manner was, received them, but said nothing of religion. A while after he bid them pray unto the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Ja∣cob, to enlighten their minds with the beams of his truth, promising the next day at Mass to set upon God by violence. And though the young men, who had bin oft assaulted by arguments and exhortations, con∣tinued unshaken, it was observed at the time Philip said Mass, they inclned to imbrace the Christian faith; whereupon those, who were there the day before, and heard what Philip said, namely, That he would offer violence to God, remembred his words.

Meanwhile that the lads where learning the principles of Religion at Vallicella, one of them fell into a fever, and the sixth day the disease being at the highest, the Fathers fearing he would dye, consulted about baptizing him; but toward Even∣ing

Philip came to see him, and lightly stroaking his forehead and brest, My son I should be sorry, said he, you should dye of this sickness; for the Jews would give out, the Christians had bin the cause of your death: therefore to morrow before dinner s••nd to put me in minde, that at Mass I pray to our Lord for you. Which when Peter Consolinus, Philips chief favorite, heard, he told the youth, Son you will recover this sickness; for this good man hath by his prayers to God restored di∣vers to health. That night he had a shrewd fit, and the Physitian that had the cure of him, sent to his Ʋncle to make all hast if he meant to see his Ne∣phew alive; but when the hour for Mass came, Consolinus asked the young man if he should minde Philip, as was agreed; who was willing. When lo! scarce had the H. man done Mass but the young man rose up perfectly well, and sat upon his bed, and his Ʋncle coming found him rid of his fever. After dinner when the Physitian came and felt his pulse, as his manner was, crossing himself at the strangeness thereof he cryed out, have ye Physitians at home, and do ye fetch them from abroad? at even∣ing came Philip again to see him, and told him, Truely son you had died, but that your Mother might not impute the cause of your death to us, I have ob∣tained of our Lord your recovery by prayer. Where∣upon as soon as he was throughly well, some two moneths after, hoth he and his Brothers, to the great joy of the devout old man, were baptized by Pope Clement the eight in the Lateran Church, on the feast of the Apostles, S. S. Simon and Jude.

But because they as heartily desired the conver∣sion of their Mother, they never left importuning their superiours, till they got her placed with a Lady of great quality: and asking Philip still, what

hopes were of her; the good man answered, She shall not yet embrace the faith of Christ; nor is it now so expedient: but it shall fall out more seasonably both for you and her. And so it was; for, about six years after, she and others to the number of 24. were baptized together.

He gathered into the bosome of the Church many heretiques also; whose names are purposely omit∣ted. Yet how he caused one Palaeologus to renounce his heresy, may not be passed over in silence. He was kept as an Arch-heretique in the Inquisition, and, persisting obstinately after all ways used, was con∣demned to be burnt. As he was led to execution, Philip then living at S. Hieroms, being acquainted therewith, forthwith runs and meets him, leaping into the crowd; and making his way resolutly through the guard, when clasping about the con∣demned person, he friendly counsels him to re∣tract his error. When they came to the stake, Phi∣lip (by the authority God vouchafed him at that time with them) bid the officers stay: they did so: meanwhile Philip in few words, yet such as had their weight from heaven, perswaded this errant to the acknowledging of the truth: willing him to get upon a form and there publikely dis∣claim his heresy, who heartily did abjure and de∣test his impious opinions in the view of all the peo∣ple. At last Philip prevailed so far, that he was brought back to prison, where to mollify the minde of this penitent, he procured him of Grego∣ry the thirteenth a very liberall gratuity, besides what the Masters of the Inquisition allowed him for diet: and that he might not relapse from his good resolutions, visited him every day, treating with him only about matters of religion. And for the

subduing and curbing in him the spirit of arrogance and pride, wherewith hereticall minds use to be possessed, he gave him the lives of S. John Columbi∣nus and Jacoponius to read, saying, that this sort of men are easilier won by the example of holy men, and their innocent behaviour, than subtilties or dis∣putes: so that Palaeologus was sorry he had not light on Philip before, and bin acquainted with him. Yet he lasted not long in this good minde, which Philip foretold in these words: This mans conversion doth not altogether like me: yet by his prayers and tears he obtained of God his returne and repen∣tance: but at length relapsing again he was put to death, not without signes of hearty contrition; Caesar Baronius and John Francis Bordinus at the in∣stance of Philip affording their assistance for setling his minde in the faith being then at the brink of death.

CHAP. XIII. He puts Baronius upon writing his Annals.

THis so vehement zeal of propagating the faith would not be confined to the limits of Rome, but diffused it self far and wide unto the most distant quarters of the Christian world. For perceiving that in some Northerne countries the enemies of the Catholique faith daily broached new and infecti∣ous doctrines, he, on the contrary pitying the great ruine of Souls, resolved to oppose himself. Thereupon by speciall directions of the spirit of God he enjoyned, that in the Oratory (of which anon) one of his Scholars as oft as he preached,

should bring down the Ecclesiasticall story in order, from the Incarnation of Christ; that so, the begin∣ning, truth, and progress of the universall Church exposed to open view, and the craft and cheats of hereticks discovered, neither the Ignorant might be led into error, nor the Learned pretend any excuse.

For this task he made choice of Caesar Baronius of Sora, Doctor in either Law, a man renowned for sacred story, and noted for good life, who being but a private person was so liberall a benefactor to the poor, that he bestowed all his houshould-stuff, to a silver cabinet of a good value, and of much e∣steem with him, yea his very apparell toward their maintenance: and so great a despiser of ho∣nours that he tore his priviledge of Doctor, meerly in contempt of himself. Him therefore the H. Fa∣ther designed for publishing the History of the Church so oft recited in the Oratory, having well digest∣ed it into Method: a labour, which being begun out of obedience, and after vast pains and contin∣uall watchings perfected, came happily forth.

Which so noble and admirable work is to be as∣cribed rather to Philip than Baronius, as in his pre∣face on the eighth Tome he hath left upon record, for the clearing of which, his own words are set down at the end of this treatise. Adde hereunto, that Philip himself a little before he died, calling Baronius to him, said, Think but meanly of thy self, Caesar, for these works are not the issue of thy pains and studie; but a gift of the Divine Bounty rather: when repeating the same again and again, True Fa∣ther, replied Baronius, for whatever is in them is all next God owing to your prayers.

The same is confirmed by a vision from heaven,

which appeared to him not long before he set about the compiling his Ecclesiastical History. For when first he began to preach in the Oratory, he used to thunder out the terrors of de ath and hell: which after he had a while practised, Philip by direction of the H. Ghost, foreseeing that, if he changed the subject of his discourse, it would prove more be∣neficiall both to himself and others, advised him to apply himself to the composing his Ecclesiastique story, and leave preaching death and hell: at that time Baronius did not oppose, but his genius carry∣ing him the other way, afterward neglected his ad∣monition: so that Philip by vertue of his authority commanded him speedily to go about the task he had set him. Which his injunctions Baronius thought hard, and urged thereto one while by the vertue of obedience, another while discouraged by the reluctancy of his nature, he was extreamly troubled, but the Good Lord to allay these tempests in him, thus made known his minde to him.

As he was asleep one night, he thought he was di∣scoursing with Onuphrius Panuinus, who also ap∣plied himself to Ecclesiasticall history, when being very pensive, and intimating what Philip had im∣posed upon him, he desires him not to refuse the finishing such a work: and as he heaped up argu∣ments to perswade his friend, on the sudden he hears Philips voice saying yield Caesar, now yield, and stand out no longer, for that the Ecclesiasticall history must be written by you, not by Panuinus. At which Baronius awaked, and perceiving it to be the Divine will, immediatly resolves to run through the Church Annals in the Oratory: which when he had brought along from Christs, we near to his own times, Philip enjoyned him to rehearse them

once or twice from the beginning to the end: so that in the space of thirty years (as in the preface mentioned he affirms) he went over in publique, the whole story from the beginning seven times, ere he printed the first Tome; and at last put forth the whole work divided into twelve Tomes. For this his great service to the Church he was by Pope Cle∣ment the eightth advanced to the dignity of a Car∣dinal; which eminency with what unwillingness and regret he received, is there recorded by him; besides his refusing before that three wealthy Bi∣shopricks. So, worn away with continuall study and long weakness, living in hi•• Tusculan retire∣ment, when he found his end approaching, Let us go to Rome saith he, for it beseems not a Cardinall to dye in the Country. Being brought therefore to the City in a Litter, his sickness increasing, he died the last of June 1608. In the 69^th. year of his age (which number he had with his pen marked in many pages of his books; as being prescribed for the term of his life) in a house neer the Oratory, not far from S. Philips Chappel, the Fathers of the Congregation being present; and was buried with great concourse of people.

For the same cause, to wit the refuting obstinate hereticks fondly rejecting the worshipping of saints, Philip enjoyned him to annex some Annotations to the Roman Martyrology. And for this reason also Thomas Bozzius of Eugubium, and Anthony Gallo∣ni••s of Rome, both Priests of the Congregation, pub∣lished their writings with great commendation and liking; the first, of the marks of the Church of God, the other of the Lives of the Saints.

CHAP. XIV. The Foundation of the Oratory.

SEing therefore Philip determined to bestow his pains at Rome, in winning souls to God, and the number of penitents daily encreased, that the place though large could not hold them: in the year 1558. He obtained of the deputies for the chief convent of S. Hierom, that part of the Church, which lies on the right side of the Chancel above the body of the Church; where he erected the Oratory, whither he removed the Conference held before in his Chamber.

That Oratory is yet to be seen, but more sump∣tuously and neatly built; to which the R. R. Fa∣thers daily resort to prayer, and on Holy-days preach to the great benefit of souls.

Hither therefore did Phiiip with his Sons retire every afternoon to their Spirituall exercises; which ended, he would lead them, on worky days to some open place of the City or Suburbs; on festivals to some Church or other: and hence came the cu∣stome of having the daily repast of the word of God, and that familiar way of preaching instituted by the H. Father.

But these beginnings of the Infant Oratory none better can delineate, then he who knew them so exactly, and described them so copiously, Baro∣nius. For in the first Tome of his Annals, treating of holy meetings, such as the Apostle mentions to the Corinthians.

Certainly by the Divine wis∣dome, saith he, was it brought to passe, that in our times, thirty years since, by means chiefly

of the R. Father Philip Nerius a Florentine, who as a wise Master-builder laid the foundation; and of his disciple the R. Father Francis Maria Tau∣rusius Politianus, who amongst them seemed the Chieftain of the Preachers, Assemblies were insti∣tuted in the City, much what after the form of those Apostolical conventions, such especially as by the Apostle were appointed for the discoursing of divine matters, both for edifying the hearers, and for propagating the Church. By the care therefore and industry of these was it first agreed on, that the Zealous Christians should meet a∣dayes at S. Hieroms Oratory (for from it came the name of the Congregation of the Oratory) and there a religious meeting should be held after this manner. First silence being made, they be∣gan with prayer, and one of the Brothers reads some pious lesson. At the reading of which the Father used to interpose upon occasion, explain∣ing more fully, enlarging, and vehemently in∣culcating upon the minds of the Auditors, the things read: continuing his discourse sometimes a whole hour (with great satisfaction to the hearers) dialogue-wise▪ asking some of the com∣pany their opinions of such a thing. Afterward by his appointment one of them went up into the desk raised upon steps, and made an Oration, without flourishes or varnish of Language, com∣posed out of the approved and choice lives of Saints, Sacred writ, and sentences of the H. Fa∣thers. He that succeeded him discoursed after the same manner, but on a differing matter. Then followed a third, who related some part of the Church-story in the order of its severall ages. E∣very of these had his half-hour allotted him, and

performed all with marvailous delight and ap∣probation: then, singing some Hymn, and go∣ing to prayers again the company broak up. All things thus ordered, and ratified by the Pope, as far as the times would suffer, that beautifull face of the Primitive Apostolicall assembling seemed to be revived again; whereat all good men re∣joycing, and many taking their modell from them, the like exercises of piety were set up and practi∣sed in other places.

Thus far Baronius to shew the rise and originall of the Oratory.

To these daily duties he added others to be per∣formed on Holy days. First he enjoyned them to confess duly, and spend some time in prayer be∣fore they went to Mass; after that to receive the Sacrament. Then he sent them severally to divers Infirmaries, some to S. John Laterans Hospitall, some to S. Maries de Consolatione, others to Santo Spirito in Saxia, where they did each of them to their power help the sick both by word and deed. Some of them vertuous above the rest (in number about thirty or forty) to the singular example of piety to the beholders, went every day to perform these offices of charity.

Besides some of them every Saturday evening, and on Holiday eves came to Philip, whom he took with him by night from S. Hieroms, to the Churches ei∣ther of S. Maria supra Minervam, or S. Bonaven∣ture on Mount Quirinall, (for then a Covent of Capuchin•• dwelt there) where they went to Mat∣tens with the Friers in the Quire, and spent all the night in prayer and meditation, that so in the morning they might receive the B. Sacrament with greater gusts and relishes of devotion. The number of them was sometimes so great, that you should see

the Quires of the Regulars and Religious filled with secular and Lay persons. Philip for divers years used almost every night to frequent those Church∣es, whom, upon a signall that was betwixt them, the Porter let in; and the Dominicans freely granted him the keys of their Monastery, to come in at plea∣sure.

But not content with these works of piety (there∣by to withdraw his Sons especially the younger, from the occasions of sin) he was wont at certain times of the year, as Shrovetide and after Easter, to go with them to the seven Churches of the City, though now those of the Oratory visit them at shrove∣tide only. At first very few went, five and twenty or thirty at most; but the company soon encreased, that even in Philips life time there went oftimes no less then two thousand of them together. All were admitted of what rank so ever, except women: very many of the Regulars came, especially of the Orders of the Capuchins and Dominicans, from whom there flocked thither whole troops of Noviees.

The manner of their journey was thus. On the day appointed they all came single, or in companies to S. Peters in the Vatican, or the Cathedral of S. Paul without the walls, where putting themselves into ranks, they went forward to the other Chur∣ches: as they passed they spent part of the time in meditation on some set subject out of the sacred mi∣steries (the multitude being distributed into Classes, unto every of which a Priest was assigned) the rest of the time was taken up in singing Hymns, Psalms, Spirituall songs, and Letanies, the Musiques attend∣ing them: if any of the day remained over, they conferred of religious matters.

In every Church, except those two mentioned,

one of their own, or some other made a short ser∣mon to the people: but when they came to S. Se∣bastians or S. Stevens Church, Mass was celebrated with all solemnity, where all of them well nigh received the Sacrament. Thence they went to the gardens of the Maximi or Cresscentii, and some∣times to those of the Matthaei in Mount Caelius (yet at this day they (with their permission) visit those only of the Matthaei) in which every one sitting in his order, a table was furnished with bread and wine sufficient, and an egg, a piece of cheese, with an apple added thereto. At dinner the Singers entred singing and playing to some holy Antheme: when table was taken away, they went to the other Churches; and so home, every one greatly re∣joycing.

These religious processions were wholly govern∣ed by Philip, who took such pains therein, that by overmuch wearying himself he sometimes fell into a fever, but in his latter years, both by reason of age, and because the Institution was already suffici∣ently setled, he staid at home and performed other pious duties.

How pleasing a work unto God that was, though it appeared not by down-right miracles, yet was no∣tably declared by sundry divine intimations. Once as his manner was, he went about Carnevall-time to these Churches, and in the way from S. Pauls to S. Sebastians arose on the suddain so great a tem∣pest, that all thought of betaking them to their heels; but Philip bade them, Stay and be confident for I will warrant,-none that goes with me shall suffer much by this storme.

These devout usages so piously introduced by the R. Father were commended by divers reputed

both for gravity and learning: among which John Rubeus in his book dedicated to Philip honours them with these elogies.

Among other right famous things (saith he, bespeaking the H. man) which I beheld the last year, being 1568 in Rome; it most pleased me to see the Oratory of S. Hierom a Charitate thronged with such a multitude of devout persons: which reflecting more seriously on, I reckoned to be the goodliest and noblest of all the rarities in the City. And so much the more I both wondred and rejoyced, for that I saw Personages of the best rank, and of severall nations attend so chear∣fully to the word of God, dispenced with that sim∣plicity and integrity by You. Whence it falls out that almost infinite numbers of people abju∣ring the world, as the whole City can witness, consult of giving themselves up to Christ, where devoting themselves to the Cloysters of the Reli∣gious, and other Holy Orders, they stedfastly per∣sist in their vowed sanctity.

Thus Rubeus.

CHAP. XV. He undertakes the charge of a Church of the Florentines.

NOw some of the chief Florentines duly weigh∣ing the abundant advantages that accrued to many by the above mentioned exercise, as like∣wise with what diligence and discretion Philip go∣verned his society, they endeavoured might and main to get him to undertake the government and care of S. Johns Church among them. To which

purpose in the year 1564. they sent some to request him in the name of them all to accept of the employment, and to tender him a dwelling with all requisites: His answer was, that he must consider of it and make his prayers to God; and if he found it to be Gods will, he would soon satisfie their desires. Within a few days when they came again he told them plainly, he could by no means leave S. Hieroms, where he had resided so long. At which answer, Bernardine Cyril at that time Master of the Hospitall of the H. Ghost in Saxia, and John Baptist Altovitus with Peter Antonio Bandinus, who were employed in the business, repair to Pope Pius the fourth, entreating him to make use of his authori∣ty therein; whom having assured to them, they returne, and acquaint Philip that the Popes minde was, he should govern that Church: when, with all submission to Christs Vicar he accepted of it; but on condition, that he should not be compelled to leave S. Hieroms, which was grant∣ed him.

Meanwhile he caused three of his to take Orders; the first was Caesar Baronius; the second John Fran∣cis Bordinus; an eloquent Roman, afterwards made Bishop of Cavaillon by Clement the eighth, then Arch-Bishop of Avignon; the third Alexander Fidelius of Transona, one of great integrity and purity. These Philip transplanted to the Floren∣tines Church, alloting to some others the care of the Parish; of whom was Germanicus Fidelius Ne∣phew to Alexander; a Youth of 16. years of age.

Not long after were added to them Francis Ma∣ria Taurusius, with Angelus Vellius of Praeneste of an unblemished and even Angelicall life, who was the third Prefect of the Congregation after Philip: and

being fourscore and five years old died in peace the tenth of December, after he had seen the solemn Canonization of the R. Father.

These excellent men with great zeal and courage began to cultivate the Lords Vineyard; for betimes in the Morning every day they went from S. Johns to S. Hieroms Church to confess their sins; after dinner, thither they returned, either to preach, or hear sermons; in the evening again they came to their usuall prayers, never omitting these wont ed exercises either for Summers heat, or Winters cold, for wind or rain. For matters in the house, they were certain years their own Cooks, every one in his week: and that so willingly and conten∣tedly, that Baronius left written over the Chimny∣piece, Caesar Baronius Cocus perpetuus: Caesar Baro∣nius everlasting Cook: and oftimes Noble men and Scholers, found him with his apron on, washing dishes. At meals they used reading, which lasted two parts of dinner or supper: they read the Bi∣ble, or some devout Author; which done, one of them propounded a question either of morality or Divinity to go round. Germanic••s Fidelius and Octavius Paravicinus both of an age, were readers together at the table, the latter of which for his rare merits was made Cardinall by Clement the eighth. Every Saturday they swept the Church: on Holy daies some were employed in taking Con∣fessions, others in giving the Sacrament.

Mass was also solemnly celebrated; which ended, Baronius and Bordinus, at the suit of the Florentines, with Philips consent, preached publikly by turns. At the usuall hour Vespers were sung in the Church, after which they either met the B. Father at S. Ma∣ry's supra Minervam, or S. Mary's ad Martyres, or

where else he appointed; and there Philip or some other propounding some pious subject or theme, sometimes one, sometimes another, answerd at the pleasure of the Father, so passing the time in di∣vine conferences, and spirituall exercises.

Hence grew a custome after Easter day of going to that part of the Janiculum, where S. Onuphrius's Monastery stood; a place open to the Sun, and pleasant for its overlooking the City lying beneath: yet as the heat of the weather increased, they re∣sorted to some selected Church to perform these services. Where after the melody of voyces, a little Boy makes a pious Oration to the Auditors, got by heart, and straight two of the Priests of the Oratory (the Musiques at whiles interposing) make some short discourse to the people. But in winter viz. from the first of November to Easter, they be∣gun about evening in a small Oratory with mentall prayer, singing the Letanies and the Antheme of the B. Virgin; then a Boy, as before, repeats a de∣vout exhortation, after which one of the Society preaches for half an hour, with Musiques before, and after.

These first Fathers kept up this custome of going thrice a day from S. John to S. Hieroms ten years. Which is therefore mentioned particularly in this place, that posterity might take notice with what sanctity and humility these men served God, who both for their literature, and noble extract, were so generally known to deserve the chiefest promoti∣ons the Church of Rome had to bestow.

Ten years had now passed, when the Florentines observing the many and great inconveniences those Priests sustained, requested Philip, that the service in use at S. Hieroms Oratory might be transferred

to S. Johns, He assented. So in the year 1574. on the fifteenth of April in S. Johns Oratory enlarged for that purpose the Fathers began their accustomed familiar sermons. In such wise that Juvenall An∣cina afterward Priest of the Oratory, then Bishop of Saluciae, a holy man (about annexing whom to the Catalogue of Saints, writings were drawn by A∣postolical authority, and his course of life and ver∣tuous deeds of late years writ) much conversant in those duties, and taken with Philips piety, and Institution, writes thus in a certain letter to Frier John Mattheo living at Fossanum.

Some days ago (this was in 1576) I used to frequent the Florentines Oratory dedicated to S. John, where every day were sermons made by 4 or 5 concerning vice and vertue, Ecclesiastical History, or the lives of Saints exceeding profita∣ble. Hither come Persons of honour; Nobles, Pre∣lates, Bishops, &c▪ Sermon ended, they adde some harmonious Airs to recreate the Auditors. A while since they very excellently and lively ex∣emplified the actions of S. Francis, and S. Anto∣ny of Padua: and the truth is, the hearers re∣ceive much spirituall comfort and content by the explication of such stories: and I am sorry, that I heard no sooner of those wholsome and lauda∣ble exercises. Their Preachers are the choicest men, such as are in H. Orders, and reputed for holiness and vertue. Their Chief and Gover∣nour is a Venerable Priest named Philip, of sixty years of age, one eminent in many respects, principally for his holy life, prudence, and sin∣gular dexterity both in contriving and promo∣ting such religious performances. He is reported to be the Author of that famous custome, which

we beheld last Jubile practised with so great de∣votion and charity at the Church of the Most H. Trinity, which hath its name from Pilgrims: withall, the Fathers Toletus, Possevinus, and di∣vers others highly honour him: lastly, sundry per∣sons have recourse to him as an Oracle, not from the City only, but out of Italy, France, and Spain, and other remote Provinces.

So Juvenal. By which may be gathered in what reputation the Institution of the Oratory then flourished.

CHAP. XVI The Persecutions and affronts he suffered.

YEt, to take our rise a little higher, these reli∣gious usages, which should rather have gain∣ed him respect and love with all, did to some for∣lorn miscreants administer matter of spite and ca∣lumny. For, when at first he held discourses of Spirituall things in his chamber, every day after dinner; and applyed himself to hear Confessions, many that maligned him began privately to whisper and in time openly decry him, prating what came next. The Ringleader of them was Vincentius Tec∣cosius of Fabrianum, a Physitian, one of the four De∣puty-Governours of the place, to whom gathered two Apostates, that lived there disguised under a reli∣gious habit; these at Teccosius's instigation used all means to drive Philip thence. For being Sacrists by place, as soon as they saw him coming to the Vestry, they would shut the door against him, deny him the Vestments, or bring him such as were torn, sometimes take the Chalice or Missall out of his

hands, or hide them; otherwhiles make him pull off the H. garments being vested, and go from one Altar to another to and fro; as soon as ever he was gone forth of the Vestry to say Mass, call him back again; by these injuries and provocations to make him leave S. Hieroms.

All these disgraces the servant of Christ took no notice of, but carrying himself courteously to them both in word and deed prayed to God for them every day: and being desired by some of his own to remove somewhither else: Not so, replyed he, I will not seem to shun the cross God hath allotted me here. And still the milder he, the more insolent they; though he strove, as for his life to soften their perversness. Till, seeing he availed nothing he flies to him that helps his servants destitute of all humane assistances; and as he was saying Mass one time, looking on the Crucifix, he thus bespake his saviour: Why not, O good Jesu, why dost thou not hear me? so long, yea so ardently have I impor∣tuned thee for the vertue of patience: why, I beseech thee, dost not thou favour my petition? Immediatly he hears a voice saying within him: Didst thou not beg the grace of patience; know, thou shalt obtain it, but through injuries and affronts. Animated there∣fore with this reply, he ever after more patiently and contentedly endured reproaches: so that, they who offered wrongs were sooner wearied, then he that suffered them. And thenceforward, when at any time he was reviled, he would either contemn the offence, or excuse the offender.

Some two years after, one of these Apostates set upon Philip one day, railing and inveighing a∣gainst him with such inveterate malice and rancour, that the other who was by, pittying the good man

flew with so great violence upon his fellow, catch∣ing him by the throat, that, but for Philip he had throtled him. Whereupon considering how villa∣nously he himself also had dealt by him, and re∣membring his former Religious vows made, he dis∣closes the whole business in order to the H. man; and by his directions betook him to a Regular life again, always after crying up the Sanctity of Philip.

Nay Vincentius Teccosius himself was overcome and vanquished by the patience of Philip, craving his pardon before divers, and surrending him∣self up to the servant of God; whom chusing for his Confessor, he so dearly affected, that there passed not a day, wherein he came not in courte∣sy to see him.

Yet was not all malice against him thus extin∣guished, all calumnies laid asleep; nay he was af∣terward worse abused by other profane persons. For they objected, that it was out of pride, that he went to the 7 Churches, with such sholes of peo∣ple; that it suted not with one, who despised the vanity of the world, by gathering multitudes to turne the eyes of the whole City on himself. O∣thers looking onely on the summs of mony spent then in victualls, not regarding the number of per∣sons, ascribed all to revellings and gluttony. The Politici••ns blamed him with pretensions of care unto publike peace; for that so great a confluence would occasion uproars and tumults. All which was told Philip again, who took it patiently with∣out any disturbance.

The bruit hereof increased daily, till it came at last to the Prelate that was Deputy of the City, who, moved by the reports of them that bore a spleen to Philip, sent for him, and reprehends him sharp∣ly:

Is it not a shame, saith he, that you who profess a contempt of the world, should hunt for popular ap∣plause, and walk thorow the City guarded with troops, with such nets as these fishing for Church preferments? When having shrewdly taunted him with such like expressions, he prohibits him the hearing Confessions for fifteen dayes; and to use the customes of the Ora∣tory, but by leave first obtained; or to lead about with him any companies of men; threatning impri∣sonment upon his disobedience. Neither would he let him depart, till he had put in security for his ap∣pearance. Philip with a pleasing and ••omposed coun∣tenance answered; That as he had begun all things, which he had instituted, with the glory of God, so like∣wise was he ready to desist from all, for the same glory of God, that he ever should prefer his Superiors directions before his own desires: that he had taken up that usage of visiting the Churches, out of no other end, but to divert his from those dangers of sinning, which at such times as Shrovetide, use to be most rife. The Deputie replyed, Come you do all this, not for the glory of God, but to make a party for your self. At which, Philip wistly eying the Crucifix that stood there, said, Lord thou knowest whether I do it to make me a party; and so went his way. But be∣cause he highly prized the vertue of obedience, es∣pecially to his Superiors, he presently forbade his sons to come to him at all.

Meantime, while the good man was commending himself to God, having intreated divers Religi∣ous persons to be instant in prayer about this busi∣ness: one day on the sudden appeared a Priest in a rough garment tied about with a rope, neither known by face, or seen ever before or after that day, who said, I am sent to bid you expose the H.

body of our Lord, for the people to adore, with the solemn supplication of the forty hours, by the Sove∣raigne patronage whereof all persecutions shall be cha∣sed away, for so it was revealed from heaven to cer∣tain servants of God. Then coming to Francis Ma∣ria Taurusius he whispers in his ear these words; This trouble shall be quickly over, and the work that is begun be more strongly confirmed; they who resist now, shall assist hereafter; and if any one shall dare to oppose it any longer, God shall speedily avenge it on him: the Prelate that is your chiefest adversary shall certainly dye within fifteen days: this said, he va∣nished out of sight. And it fell out precisely as was foretold: for the Prelate (the Popes Deputie) rela∣ing the proceedings to his Holiness somwhat parti∣ally dyed suddenly; which coming to Philips knowledge, he pittying his sad end would never let any of his utter so much as a word to his dis∣paragement.

For it became the servant of Christ to arme him∣self with no other weapons, against what he stood charged with before his Superiours, save the shield of his own innocency. Giving himself therefore more to prayer, he oft told his Sons, This storm a∣rose for my sake; not yours, that by this means I might be taught the vertues of humility and obedience; and when I have received the good which God intends me by them, these slanders questionless will have an end.

But when Pope Paul the fourth heard the whole cause, and evidently discovered Philips integrity, he sent him, as a token of his good affection, two wax tapers, of those that use to be light up in the Popes Chappel on Candlemas day: letting him know that he not only granted him free leave to visit the seven Churches, but to exercise all the duties

belonging to his institution: and that it was his unhappiness, that he could not be present at those religious performances. At which his sons were o∣verjoy'd, and a while after went with the B. Fa∣ther (as they were wont) to the 7 Churches, to render thanks to the Divine goodness, that the tempest now blown over, they might freely observe the Orders of the Oratory.

No sooner was this blaze of persecution out, but a much fiercer was kindled against the Order; for, under pretext of piety and Religion, some possessed Pius Quintus of B. Memory, that the preachers of S. Hieroms many times delivered things ridiculous or unsound; which argued either high indiscretion or Ignorance, and must needs endanger their hearers.

Hereupon Pius like a faithfull and Vigilant Pa∣stor culls out two Dominicans, and severally enjoyns either of them to go to S. Hieroms, and mark exact∣ly what was said or done, and to bring him word, if there were any thing repugnant to faith or good manners.

While these religious persons were busy about the Popes commands, the Pope himself tels Alexan∣der Medices, Ambassadour for the great Duke of Tuscany, that he had heard, how the Fathers, Prea∣chers at S. Hieroms had unwisely or unwarily let some things slip them; particularly, out of the A••ts of S. Apollonia, that she voluntarily flung her self into the fire, without adding, that shee had done it, by speciall impulse of the H. Ghost. Alexander dismissed by the Pope goes to S. Mary's su∣pra Minervam to hear a sermon, where Germanicus Fidelius meets him, and intreats him from Philip he would vouchsase to visit him as soon as might be,

for he would fain speak with him; praying his ex∣cuse, being so lame on one of his feet that he could not stir out of bed. After dinner he goes to Philip, but first to sermon; where came up Francis Maria Taurusius, who so handsomely interpreted that action of Appollonia, with its due caution and such facility, that he untied the knots of all those dif∣ficulties which the Pope had communicated to Alex∣ander. Sermon ended, the Ambassadour went to Philip, who immediatly questioned him, what passed betwixt the Pope and him, that morning, about the affairs of the Oratory. He astonished which way he came to know any thing of it ingenu∣ously confessed all to him.

But those Religious men, the Pope sent to the Oratory, after a strict view of all that was done there, acquainted his Holiness, they heard no∣thing but what consisted well with piety and Learn∣ing; He rejoycing exceedingly, that there were even in his days men at Rome, that so profitably dispensed the word of God dayly to the people; and thence forward both Philip and his Sons were in such favour with him, that he joyned Taurusius in commission with his Nephew the Cardinall of A∣lexandria, going Embassadour to the King of Spain, France, and Portugall, giving him instructions at large of all that was to be treated of.

Moreover those Dominican Fathers so esteemed of the Order after that, as for divers years they came almost every day to the sermons, and oftimes preached there themselves: as also the most emi∣nent preachers of other Orders ever and anon used to do.

CHAP. XVII. The Congregation of the Oratory erected at Vallicella.

BUt though Philip, thinking ever meanly of himself, never dreamt, as he said, of institu∣ting the Congregation, yet at last, his sons earnest∣ly importuning him to it, he gave way: but to the establishing such a work, they thought it most imported, to purchase a seat of their own, where they might lay the foundation of the Congregation, and execute their own laws and statutes.

As the H. Man was musing thereon, two Churches very fit for that purpose were propounded to him; S. Mary's on Monticellae, and S. Mary's in Vallicellae and being in suspence, which to make choice of (the better to understand the mind of God in a business of that concernment) he determined to refer the matter to Pope Gregory the thirteenth to be decided; who wished him to chuse the Vallicel∣lan, as being in a place of great resort, and fitter for service. He perceiving it to be Gods will, pre∣sently cast about to procure it, committing unto Taurusius the managing thereof, who obtained of the Pope not the Church alone, but what ever else the Fathers could desire. So this servant of Christ, back'd with the Authority Apostolique, instituted at Vallicella the Congregation of secular Priests, which he entitled of the Oratory; and got liberty for framing Statutes and Constitutions, but with pro∣viso, that after a certain time they should be ra∣tified by the See Apostolique.

Having possession of this Church, he appoints

over it, Germanicus Fidelius and John Antony Luccius, men of known integrity: but because it was too nar∣row and something ruinous, they thought of bring∣ing it to some better form; they were desirous in∣deed to rebuild it from the foundation; but their mony being short they waved that. When sud∣denly one day, betimes in the morning Philip by divine inspiration commands the old Church to be utterly rased, and a new one raised in the form and bigness as we see at this day.

So the old Church being levelled with the ground, as Mathew of Tifernum that famous Archi∣tect in those days, was casting with his line the breadth of the new Church, Philip, then about to say Mass at S. Hieroms, sends a messenger to bid him let all alone till he came. When Mass was over, he dispatches for Vallicella; and as they were con∣cluding on the latitude, he bids lengthen out the line further; Matthew doth so; he bids enlarge it more; he obeys him again; the B. man consider∣ing still the place was to narrow commands a third time to extend the line further yet. As soon as he came to the place that had been revealed to Philip; Here stay, faith he, here break up the earth. And as they were digging they light upon a hard wall, old and hid under rubbish, on the right side of the Chancell, some ten handfulls broad, and longer than the Church; besides a huge pile of stone and brick, enough for the foundation, and for raising the wall on the right side. So on the 19 of Septemb. 1575. the first stone consecrated with solemn rites was laid by Alex. Medices, Archbishop of Florence, Cardinal of the H. Church of Rome, who after trans∣lated to the Popedome was named Leo the XI.

As the building went up their enemies raged still

worse, hindering the workmen, slandering the so∣ciety; with cross-bows and stones pelting John Antony Luccius Overseer of the work: but alas! seven Brothers there were that opposed the business mainly, who died all within two years through the Divine vengeance.

The Church now almost finished, in the year 1577. the third of February, on which day fel Sep∣tuagesima Sunday, the same Alexander Medices sang Mass publikely, and the Fathers performed divine duties there, and to enhance their begin∣nings with the greater devotion, the Pope granted a plenary indulgence to those who confessing their sins, and receiving the H. Eucharist were present at Mass, or visited the Church at all that day. And the same year in April quitting the Church of the Florentines, they removed their usuall sermons to Vallicella; Philip still tarrying at S. Hieroms.

But because the house was not big enough, the Fathers advised about buying a Monastery that joy∣ned to the Church; for that the Nuns of the place, by command of their Superiors, were to remove to another Monastery of the Recluses: Philip looking farther then the rest, no way liked their counsell of buying it. Yet some of them attempted it on grounds of naturall prudence, but the business not succeeding, saith Philip, Did not I often tell you, this Monastery was not for our turns? ye shall indeed obtain a Monastery, but another way than ye dream of. He said true; for five moneths after Peter Donatus Cae∣sius Cardinal, out of his great munificence bought that and other adjoyning houses which he frankly bestowed on the Fathers to dwell in.

The wonderfull confidence in God which Philip had for his atchieving this enterprise, may be con∣cluded

from hence, that when there was no stock he adventured on so costly a structure, and com∣pleated it in two years: oft saying when his money was spent, God will supply us; and coming some∣times to a prime Lady in Rome he would tell her, Madam, you must know the B. Virgin and my self have made a bargain, that I shall not dye till the Church be covered. Many therefore imagined that, seeing he never craved of any, and yet day∣ly disbursed such a deal of Money, either God furnished him, or miraculously increased his store.

The first monies laid out in beginning the work were 200 crowns, given by the bounty of S. Carlo Borromeo; whereto Gregory the XIII. added 8000. and above, for the building and beautifying the forepart of the Church; besides 4000. for erecting a Chappell in memory of the Presentation of our Lady: likewise Cardinal Frederic Borromeo gave 4000. and the rest, amounting to above a hundred thousand crowns, God other wayes provided.

And to shew that he never asked any ones bene∣volence, it is not amiss to adde this which followes. One of the Congregation, who had to do with the building, on a time told him, Father, the mony is spent, and yet the walls reach not to the roof: Doubt not, saith he, God will never be wanting to his Children. He replies; There is a rich man in the City that useth to distribute a large part of his revenues to pious uses, if he were acquainted with our wants, he would happily help us with a good summ; at which Philip; The man knows in what need the building is, if he be minded he may freely contribute, for hitherto I have asked none, and yet have found no lack of any thing: and so it fell out, that within a few moneths a noted Lawer dying

bequeathed to the Congregation 4000 crowns, and more; and soon after another Lawyer died, and left 8000 by Will.

CHAP. XVIII. Philip removes to Vallicella.

THings thus setled, Philip, though he governed the whole Congregation, yet would not quit S. Hieroms: for which he gave many reasons; chiefly, that he might not be called Founder of the Congregation, a title which he ever disclaimed. Be∣sides, lest he might seem to shun the Cross, which in love to him God there offered; and that he might lose the benefit of his so long perseverance in that place and duty, having lived there three and thirty years.

But the Fathers, considering how much it im∣ported to have a head to their body, and seeing all means of changing Philips minde ineffective, repair to Cardinal Peter Donatus Caesius, and beseech him that he would impart the matter to his Holiness, and by Authority from Him procure, what they neither of themselves, nor by others could obtain. Caesius very readily undertakes it, certifying Pope Gregory XIII. of the Fathers request: who assenting to it, forthwith enjoyns the Cardinal to tell Philip from him, that he must to Vallicella. As soon as Philip understood the Popes pleasure, bowing his head, without dispute he presently obeyes. And in the year 1583. on the 22^d. of November, being the Anniversary of S. Cecilia Virgin and Martyr, to the incredible joy of his, he went from S. Hieroms

to Vallicella: but though he shifted his station, he held the old course of life, he had prescribed him∣self at S. Hieroms: and that he might the better attend on the contemplation of things celestial, he chose him a chamber in the higher and privater part of the house.

The day he went to Vallicella, that he might in∣ure himself and his to the mastering their inclinati∣ons, he commanded that they should carry, openly as they went in the streets, all their houshold stuff, either on their shoulders, or in their hands. And he was so in love with S. Hieroms his whole life after, that he alwayes kept the keyes of his chamber by him, and himself went often, or sent some of his to see it, he was so pleased with the remembrance of his old dwelling.

CHAP. XIX. The Rules of the Oratory.

AS soon as Philip was come amongst his Sons, with joint consent of the whole Congregation, they chose him Provost: a place he was most unwil∣ling to have, desiring by his example to shew them what to do after his death, viz. either chuse or con∣firm their Provost every third year, which Law he intended first to submit unto. But the Society dis∣liking to have any other Superior but him, meant to except him from that Rule: and therefore on the 19^th of June 1587. the Fathers elected him Perpetual Provost of the Congregation.

Which charge having accepted of, he enacted, that all who would be admitted into his Congrega∣tion

should retain the state and condition of Priests Secular, not binding themselves by any oath or vow: alledging, that if any had a minde to a more perfect kinde of life, there were Houses of Regulars, where they might consummate those holy desires; but it was enough for them of the Congregation of the Oratory to serve God in the bond of mutual Charity, and aiming at the Salvation of themselves and others, to apply themselves wholly to prayer, the administration of the Word, that heavenly re∣past, and promoting a more frequent use of the Sa∣craments.

Some other Statutes he likewise made, by con∣sent of the Fathers, and advice of men fam'd for their worth and skill, especially Cardinal Hierom of Ruvere, a very knowing man, as any of that age; which afterward upon the experience of a∣bove 30 years, and mature deliberation about them, were at length confirm'd by the Letters Apostolique of Pope Paul V.

Now for that the ends of the Institution of the Congregation are handled at large in the foresaid Statutes, it shall suffice to inform the Reader here, how the most wise and Soveraign Lord of all, by means of his servant Philip, introduced a new and differing, that is, a plain and familiar way of preaching Gods word in the City of Rome. For ha∣ving both at S. Hieroms, and the Church of the Florentines observed, how exceedingly the Audi∣tors edified by this popular kinde of Sermons; as soon as ever he came to Vallicella, he ordered, that every workiday, except Saturday, reading some godly lesson before, there should be four Sermons, each for the space of half an hour; which ended, they concluded with some musical consort, and dis∣missed the Assembly.

At these four Sermons he was present every day for divers years, as were other both Priests and Scho∣lars of the Congregation: and whilst the Oratory was at S. Hieroms, he was not only present, but preached there himself every day.

Those whom he called forth to this employment, he principally wished to avoid Subtilties and School-questions, and to propose common Subjects, easie and sutable to each ones capacity. To which end he assigned the Lives of the Saints to some of them to rehearse; to others, the compiling the Ecclesi∣astical Story; to others, the reciting S. Gregories Dialogues: advertising every of them by a familiar and easy stile to stir up a love of vertue, and hatred of vice in the affections of their Auditors. He counselled them, if they sought the good of Souls, to interweave some choice examples still in their discourses. If he heard any propound too difficult subjects, or too curious and quaint in their lan∣guage, he would command him down out of the Pulpit, as one not only having respect with, but authority over them.

And lest they should forsake this low and facile way of preaching, he would not suffer them to dwell long at their studies: so neither would he release Baronius from these usual exercises, al∣though his Annals were then in writing. Not that he would have Learning neglected, but rather that they should apply themselves to the reading of such things as best suited with the Orders of the Oratory; for he would say, The servant of God must indeed learn the Sciences, but principally must avoid osten∣tation: adding That the knowledge of the H. Scri∣ptures was to be got rather by prayer than study.

To these daily Sermons he added frequent pray∣ers;

for he gave order that the doors of the Ora∣tory should be opened every day for all sorts of men, but no women: where for half an hour they used mental prayer, recited Letanies and other pray∣ers, as in the Constitutions is mentioned more at large, and so dissolved their meeting. He enjoyned that on Mondayes, Wednesdayes and Fridayes, they should scourge themselves with cords, in memory of the Passion of our Lord, yet every one at his own discretion.

As touching the Sacraments, he desired the Priests of the Congregation might say Mass every day: although for exercise and tryal of their vertue, he sometimes forbade some of them the doing it daily. He admonished them in the time of celebration not to tire the standers by; but rather study brevity then prolixity; alwayes allowing a competent time to so weighty a matter. He warn∣ed them, that if any found himself transported with holy inspirations in the time of celebrating, he should say, Not here, Lord, not here, but I desire thee to reserve thy self for me in my chamber. Those who were not Priests he wished to confess thrice a week at least, and to receive the Sacrament by ap∣pointment of their Confessor: he advised all Con∣fessors to take Confessions publickly in the Church every Holy day, Wednesday, and Friday; on other dayes he would still have one of them there for that purpose.

For matters of the house, he desired his should chuse a mean, doing nothing that was singular. At times of refection, besides the usual reading, which lasted somewhat above half the meal, the rest of the spare time was spent in propounding a couple of Questions by turns, morning and evening, either

pertaining to Morality, or taken out of Sacred Writ, or the heads of Positive Divinity; which were modestly and briefly answered to by them at table, according to every ones sense.

These are the main of those Orders Philip made in the Congregation: an Institution since planted in many Cities of Italy, and other Provinces. The H. man was absolutely of opinion, that each House that was erected should, resembling his, give Laws to it self, and be obedient to the Ordinaries of the place, independent on the Roman Congregation. Of which two Bulls are extant of Paul V. and Gregory XV.

Yet ambitious he never was of augmenting his number. For when the finest wits, and hopefullest youths daily flocked to him, he would perswade them either to go into some of the Regular Socie∣ties, or live as they were; thereafter as he thought best for them; but never would he entice any to his own Order, either by intreaties or commenda∣tions of it. Yea if all should have forsaken the Congregation, it had not a whit discouraged him; who used to say, God hath no need of men, for of stones he raiseth up Children unto Abraham. If any attempted the like to his designe of the Oratory, it troubled not him: when one told him how some Regulars had taken up the custome in their Church∣es to make familiar discourses, and that they were to be opposed; he wisely answered, And whose gift is it that any prophecy?

In other things he governed his Body with much prudence and caution, and so demeaned himself, that he cemented his own fast together in indisso∣luble bands of love and concord: affirming it was harder then men imagined to preserve long unity

among such as were otherwise at liberty, and out of subjection; which nothing doth more facilitate or sweeten, than gentle conduct and moderate com∣mands. Yet did he never, when there was need of it, slacken or remit the reins of government; ha∣ving some of his so at command, that with a look or beck he could rule them as he pleased: and it was usual with him, whensoever he would reprove any of them, but to look sternly, and 'twas enough.

The detestable vice of disobedience he so perfect∣ly hated ever, that if any of his were found guilty therein, they were straight discarded the House. To which purpose he left in writing these words under his own hand: If any think he cannot hold out, by reason of, the meanness of dyet, the services to be performed at Church, or the like, but will disturb his fellows, let him freely and speedily quit the place; if not, after a first, or second offence let him be ex∣pelled: for I am resolved (ô ye Fathers) they shall not continue amongst us, who refuse to observe these so few Orders. Thus Philip.

And that all his might learn to deny their own understanding, he sent them forth on business at such unseasonable times and hours as seemed a∣gainst all reason; and if they demurred never so little, he redoubled his commands, that so taming and mastering their own wills, they might the sooner arrive at the height of true humility. But what progress in piety he expected from his, and what an enemy he was to the refractory and per∣verse, the Letter which Cardinal Baronius sent from Ferrara, while he tarried there with Clement VIII. to Consolinus then Master of the Novices at Rome, sufficiently testifies; where he writes.

I must accuse my self indeed for writing no∣thing

to you all this while, were it but to thank you for your prayers to God for me. I now defray that debt; and as effectually as, I can, both thank and entteat you, together with your Scholars my dearest dear Children, to whom I dayly wish greater increase in vertue, hereafter to do the same still. Cherish Good Father, che∣rish those young and tender plants, dressing them to the likeness of their fair Precedent, the Tree of which they are Branches: the same way and course You steer, conduct them: and be as∣sured, Our B. Parent still lives, sees, and orders his, holding a scourge in his hand to chastise the unruly. For my self, I beg of you, R. Father, to rank me among your Novices, punishing my faults without favour or delay. I would to God I could thus grow young again, verifying that of the Prophet in me, Renovabitur ut aquilae juventus tua. Thy youth shall be renewed like the Eagles. For this, I take it, is the meaning of Abishags cherishing David spent with travail; namely, when the heat of the spirit meets with old age. Certainly Abishag (as you well know) lay with our H. Father, who in his very last years felt such heats, as he thought himsef in a manner burnt up therewith. Not furrs, nor purple can warm the aged, but Abishag alone: O let me obtain this favour of God, let me procure this by prayer to enjoy her embraces in this last cold season of my life; since this alone hath induced me to write. So God bless and sanctifie you.

Ferra∣ra. August 14. 1598. Caesar Baronius Cardinal.

Lastly, as to domestique affaires, He was very cautious not to wast the goods of the Congregation, being the Patrimony of Christ, and stock of the

Poor: wherein he was so carefull, that he would let nothing be disbursed more than needs must: al∣ledging that which Cassian writes of a Cook, whom the Fathers sharply reproved, for but wasting three grains of Lentils: and that of S. Antonine Archbi∣shop of Florence, who went into the Church a nights, and studied by the light of the Lamp, lest (as he said) he should impair the Poors maintenance. And if any judged it too great rigor, he replyed; Away with that nicety: so the goods belong not to the Church do what you will with them.

CHAP. XX. The Obedience and Reverence given him by his Sons.

THe Congregation being reduced into this mo∣dell, the Religious Father in the first place re∣commended obedience to his; a duty which not only those of his House, but even strangers most readily payed him, nothing being so hard or irk∣some, which upon his commands they would not attempt. For this reason Cardinall Taurusius a∣vouched some of them little short of the Egyptian Monks in point of obedience, though neither by vow nor oath thereto obliged; and that none of the Founders of other Orders, that he knew of, were more punctuall observed and obeyed than Philip by his. Nor was it spoken upon slight grounds; for some did so revere him, that had he bid them throw themselves down head-long, or into the fire, immediately they would have obey∣ed. To which purpose the following instances may serve.

As he was once discoursing of the vertue of Obe∣dience to his Sons, by a certain fishpond; Which of you, faith he, will come to such a pitch of Obedience, as to fling himself straight into this water at my bidding? He had scarce said it, and that occasio∣nally, not in earnest, but one of them, not staying for a command, fetching his leap skips in, to the certain danger of his life, had not they which were by run in speedily to his help.

One time he commanded three of them to walk naked through one of the notedst parts of the City called the Bank. Strange! they begin to lay away their Coats, unbutton them, pull off their shoes, and without delay to fulfill his pleasure; and had done it, but that he made them forbear and put on their cloaths again.

Another time, as he went by Vespasians Amphi∣theatre, to visit the sick in S. John Laterans Hospi∣tall, as his custome was, he light on a beggar ly∣ing on the ground very sick, and all dirty, whom compassionating, he beckens to one of his Sons to take him out of the dirt, and carry bim on his shoulders to the Hospitall. He presently takes up the poor man on his shoulders and to the wonder∣ment of all brings him to the place.

Baronius was ill at his Stomack, and if he eat never so little, it became very offensive to him; besides such a headach that Philip for bad him to use much prayer, or do any thing that might take up his thoughts. So coming one day after dinner to the B. Father, as he used, there lay in the Cham∣ber by chance a Limon and a pretty big loaf: Phi∣lip bad him, Caesar, take that limon and that loaf and eat them up. Baronius thinking on the merit of Obedience, crossing himself forthwith did so, and

recovered of either infirmity, both that of his sto∣mack and his head. The same Baronius testifies, that for 9 years together going every day to attend the sick at the Hospitall of the H. Ghost by Philips appointement, coming thither with a fever oftimes upon him, he went home perfectly well having performed those charitable offices.

Again, whatever was done by Philips advice succeded prosperously, Fabritius de Maximis one of his Pupils whom he loved entirely, had two sons that had been long sick, one of which fed only on Broths and liquids, the other could hardly swallow at all. Fabritius, hoping if they went from Rome to some better air, they might possibly escape danger, consulted the Physicians about it, whose opinions was, if they were removed from the City they could not live. It was July and in the dog-days, when Philip, being visited by Fabritius and acquainted with all that passed, bids him Go, and fear nothing, let them be conveyed in a Litter, and they will recover without fail. Fabricius followed his counsel, and the next day had them to Arsolum 28 miles from the City: whither when they came they straight mended as Philip said. And one of them being hurt in the carriage, taking horse rid out the rest of the journey, without ever being weary.

Vincentius Crescentius, Cardinall Crescentius's own Brother, a hopefull youth asked leave of Philip to go to a certain Church with some civill associates about his own age (for without his leave nothing might be done) and it being granted, went: when in the coming back Vincentius fell out of the coach, and the coach wheel ran over his leg; but he got up unhurt, and hying a foot to Philip told him of it, who bid him, Attribute it wholly to your obedience

for had you not desired leave you had doubtlesse broak your leg.

Another, a Roman lately married affirms, that as oft as he was at feasts or shews with Philips permis∣sion, he was never anoyed with lewd imaginations; on the other side, if he went of his own head, he was perpetually molested with filthy thoughts.

Mark Anthony Maffa was troubledat nothing more than his preaching, and could never frame to it, yet at Philips command, which he highly reverenced, he performed the duty with such approbation, as he was not inferiour to the choicest Preachers.

On the contrary, many observed that those who sleighted Philips counsel or directions, most what came to an evill end. Francis Maria Tauru∣sius full of holy Zeal had often importuned Philip to let him rise a nights to prayer, who regarding his infirm constitution denyed him. He neglect∣ing his advice, and rising one night to pray, was taken with such a distemper in his head, that he was forced for XI. Moneths after to forbear it quite.

Another of Philips sons without acquainting the Father whipt himself a days, and being troubled in conscience about it, asked his leave, who told him I not only forbid you to do it every day, but for do∣ing it at all. Yet he often beseeching him for his consent, Once aweek then, saith Philip, I give you leave. Lo! within a little while after he falls down at the Good mans feet, crying, It repents me Father it repents me, for when the day comes for whip∣ing me, I am so loath to do it now, that I cannot en∣dure it once, and therefore I acknowledge, what I did before with much delight, was but the content of satisfying my fond will.

He once forbad one going to Tiber, another to Naples; both were disobedient: for which the one broak his leg, as his horse stumbled; the other falling into the sea had like to have lost his life.

A young man, whose name is purposely omit∣ted, contrary to the H. Fathers minde had con∣tracted acquaintance; which he hearing presaged he would come to an unfortunate end. Within few days killing his fellow he fled from Rome, whi∣ther none knew.

Fabricius de Maximis had put forth a great sum of money, for a yearly revenue for the life of his Daughter Helena: at Spring being to go into the Country, he comes to Philip, as his manner was, who bid him, Secure your money setling it on some o∣ther besides your daughter. He neglected it, for that Helena was young and lusty. In September fol∣lowing she sickned and died: and her Father lost all his money: which chance befell divers others. On the contrary, those that took his counsell sav∣ed their estates.

Further, the H. man excited his sons to this vertue of obedience not with bare words, but main∣ly by his example: for besides his constant and in∣dispencible observance of the Prelates of the Church, above mentioned; at his entring on Val∣licella (where he was Governour) as oft as he was called either to the Gate, or into the Vestry and the Church, presently and at all hours laying every thing aside he would be there, using to say, That it was better to obey the Sexton or Porter than to be at prayers in his Cell. And if any objected a Priest must have time to prepare himself for Mass; his answer was, Then is he prepared aright, when he so lives, as, for the spotless purity of his conscience he may celebrate it at all hours.

When he was sick, he was so observant of his Physitians, that although he found much trouble in taking medicines, yet whatever they prescribed him he willingly and cheerfully received. Yea though they enjoyned him to suspend his prayers, or omit Mass (which most grieved him) yet he did acquiesce in their Judgments. As once, a Physician forbiding him his Canonicall Hours, though otherwise most devoted to Prayer, he im∣mediately obeyed.

To this purpose he was wont to produce select Aphorismes. as first:

That those who intended to proceed in Christian discipline should submit themselves wholly to the commands of their Su∣periours: those that were under no tye of sub∣jection should be rul'd by some able and discreet Confessor, and do nought without his advice; al∣ledging, that they which did so, should render no account to the Supream Judge for actions of that sort. Yet he willed every one seriously to deliberate on the choice of his Confessor, after which election not to leave him, except for very weighty and necessary reasons: for (saith he) the devill, unable to engage men in horrid crimes, strives amain to make Penitents distrust∣full of their Confessors; that, whom he cannot apparently subvert, having stoln from them their Spirituall guide, he might secretly supplant. He said further, That the shor test cut to Perfection was Obedience; more valluing them who for love to so noble a vertue lived but an ordinary kind of life under Obedience, than those who voluntarily practised the most rigid austerities. Withall he wished them, to accustome themselves to Obedi∣ence in the least things, for by this means it would

become easier to them in the Greater.

One time he sent Francis a Molaria a Noble Ro∣man to S. Hieroms about some business, who com∣ing thither assayed with his key to open the door but could not, he was returning back again, when abashed and going the second time his key would not in; but he was fain with shame to come away to acquaint Philip what had hapned. He chargeth him yet to returne and reattempt the business: he doth so, and at last opens it: so filled with admi∣ration and joy together he came back to Philip, who said to him, son hereafter learn to acknowledge the efficacy of Obedience.

As touching them in special of the Congregation, he required of them, first, that without delay as oft as any service either in the Church, or Oratory, or at home was to be done, to quit all business. He counselled them, not to have any thing in the Vestry belonging to them in particular, not a Sur∣plice, not a Chalice, not an Altar, not an hour, but to be at the Sacrists appointment. He said it pertained to true and regular Obedience, without the discourse of the Understanding, to follow the injunctions of Superiours: assured, that nothing was so expedient, and so conducing to us, as what was imposed by them. And he exhorted those that were under Regular obedience, though they did much good where they were, if their Superior disposed of them elsewhere to no such seeming advantages, instantly to submit. He would likewise say, We should diligently exa∣mine, whether some good we intended, was yet required by God in just such a manner, or such a time, and whether of us or of others rather: which only the vertue of Obedience could di∣stinguish.

Lastly, he willed Confessors to labour mostly with their Penitents in this vertue, and train them up to the mastering their Ʋnderstandings, and breaking them of their wills: teaching them rather to lay down their own opinions, and to de∣ny themselves, than to afflict their Carkasses with ungentle usage: adding, that such, who either through neglect, or other weak grounds, dischar∣ged not this duty to their Penitents, should ren∣der a sad account thereof to God.

Notes

• What is Writ concerning his Childhood is from the rela∣tion of his Sister, of his own mouth, of Ludovico Parigi his most ancient and familiar freind.
• Many have seen this, and fourteen witnes∣ses, persons of credit, have confirmed it by Oath.
• a Monte Zazza∣ro testified this upon oath.
• This was publickly attested by John Francis Bordinus Archbishop of A∣vignion.
• This is attested by divers sworn Witnesses.