The court of the Gentiles: or A discourse touching the original of human literature, both philologie and philosophie, from the Scriptures, and Jewish church in order to a demonstration, of 1. The perfection of Gods vvord, and church light. 2: The imperfection of natures light, and mischief of vain pholosophie. 3. The right use of human learning, and especially sound philosophie. / By T.G.

CAP. I. The Theogonie of Saturne, and Jupiter from Sacred Names, Persons, and Stories.

Pagan Theologie in general, and its Distribution, into Theogo∣nick, Physick, and Politick. Theogonick or Mythick The∣ologie distributed into Zabaisme and Hellenisme; with the Idea of each. The Theogonie of Saturne: his Grandfather E∣liun the same with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Elion, Gods name Gen. 14.19,22. His Grandmother Bryth from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 berith Gods Covenant. His immediate Parents the Heaven and Earth from Gen. 14.19. His proper name Ilus from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 El Gods name. He was called also Molech from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Baal from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. His Parallel with Adam in 6 particulars; with Abraham in 4 particulars; and with Noah in 14 particulars. The Theogonie of Jupi∣ter; who is called Belus from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 beel Hos. 2.16. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which answers to the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 heat, and so is an allusion to 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Cham, who past for Jupiter among the Egyptians and Afri∣cans. Again, he is stiled Sydyk from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Gods name; Ta∣ramis

from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 thunder; Jupiter from Ja or Jev 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, answerable to Gods name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Sabasius from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Phe∣nician Fables applyed to Jupiter.

§. 1. * 1.1 HAving dispatch'd the Discourse of Languages, and proved their Derivation from the Hebrew and Mo∣saick Scripture: we now proceed to a second part of Philologie, which refers unto Pagan Theologie or Idolatrie, with endeavors to demonstrate its Traduction from, and that by a cursed Diabolick Imitation of, sacred Oracles and Worship. All Pagan Theologie is by the Ancients reduced to this Distri∣bution. 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Mythick, or Fabulous Theologie, at first broached by the Poets, which chiefly regards the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Generation of the Gods. 2. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Politick or civil The∣ologie, hatched, as 'tis presumed, by States men, Politicians, and the common people; but seated amongst their Priests. This properly relates to their 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Idolatrie or Worship: which takes in all their Sacrifices, Priests, Temples &c. 3. They had also their 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Natural Theologie; which consisted chiefly in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (mentioned 1 Tim. 4.1.) * 1.2 Demon Dogmes and Canons, and was the figment of the wiser sort of Heathens, namely of the Philosophers, who rejecting the mul∣tiplicity of Gods, brought in by the Poets, reduced their Theo∣logie to a more Natural and Rational Forme, wherein they sup∣pose but one Great and Soveraign God, which generally they made to be the Sun: but he being too remote and distant from human Condition and Affairs here below, had certain Demons (called by the Phenicians Baalim) or Midling-made-Gods, which were to be as Mediators 'twixt him, the Supreme God, and Men &c. Now, that all these three kinds of Pagan Theologie were but borrowed, by an helbred imitation, from that sacred Theolo∣gie and worship seated in the Church of God, we shall demon∣strate by each part.

§. 2. As for the Pagan 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Mythick Theologie,

* 1.3 termed by some 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Mythologie, it consisted chiefly in their 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Theogonie, or Generation of the Gods. The first that un∣dertook to give an account of the Genealogie of the Gods, was Sanchoniathon, that famous Phenician Writer, who was follow∣ed herein by several of the Poets; namely by Orpheus, Hesiod &c, yea, and by some of the Philosophers, especially by Phe∣recydes, (Pythagoras's Master) who is supposed to have written several Books of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Generation of the Gods; whence he was, in a more eminent degree, stiled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Divine. Now that all these Fables touching the Gentile Gods, their Gene∣rations &c had their original from some Name, Person, or Thing mentioned in sacred Scripture, I shall endeavor to demonstrate, first, in the general, and then from particulars. As for the general Demonstration hereof, it will be necessary to consider, though but cursorily, the rise and progresse of all Idol Gods, and Idolatrie: all of which is comprehended, by some learned men, under these two common Heads of Zabaisme, and Hellenisme. * 1.4 Zabaisme (so termed from the Zabii, a Sect of Chaldean Philoso∣phers) was the first and more natural piece of Idolatrie; which consisted in a Religious Worship given unto the Sun, Moon, and Stars, stiled in Scripture, the H•…•…sts of Heaven. Hellenisme, which superadded hereto an infinity, almost, of fictitious and coi∣ned Gods, was of more late date, and proper to the Grecians, most skilful in the art of making Gods.

* 1.5 1. As for Zabaisme, which gave a Deity and Divine worship to the Sun, Moon and Stars; it began very early, even in the infancy of the Church; and had made good progresse in the world about the Age of Job, and Moses, as it appears by Job 31.26,27. If I saw the Sun &c. as also by Deut: 11.6. take heed lest thine heart &c. And, as Owen (Theolog. lib. 3. cap. 4.188. &c.) observes, this pagan humor of Idolizing these glorious celestial bodies, seems to have had its rise from some broken Traditions, conveyed by the Patriarchs, touching the Dominion of the Sun by day, and of the Moon by night: according to Gen: 1.16. * 1.6

and Psalm. 136.7.8.9. * 1.7 where the Sun and Moon are stiled the greater Lights, not onely by a 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or condescention to vulgar capacities, as some will have it, but from their peculiar office; the Sun being appointed to governe by day, and the Moon by night. So that albeit the Moon be, in regard of its substance and borrowed Light, inferior to many of the Stars, yet, by virtue of its Office, it is above them, and so termed a Greater Light. Now its very probable, that the fame of this Dominion, confer∣red by God on the Sun and Moon, was diffused amongst the Gentiles, first in the Oriental parts; whence their corrupt ima∣ginations, very prone to Idolatrie, conferred a Deity on these Creatures, which to them seemed most glorious. Thence they termed the Sun 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Molech, or Melec, the King: also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Baal, the Lord; and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 El, God, (whence the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Sun:) likewise 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Bel Sames, Lord of Heaven; and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 E∣liun, the most High. All which are names, which the Scripture gives the true God of Israel; and, without all peradventure, had their original thence, as hereafter.

* 1.8 2. As for Hellenisme; its derivation from sacred Oracles will sufficiently appear from the enumeration of particulars which follow; onely take this general account hereof. The Light of of Nature, and those 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, common principles touching the Being and Unity of God, * 1.9 having been very much obliterated by sin, the Greek Poets, who were the first Broachers of Mythologie, having gleaned up many oriental broken Tradi∣tions touching God, and the wonders he wrought in behalf of his people, turned all into Fables, or figments of, I know not what, new Gods. These their fables they divulge, first by Hymnes and Songs, made concerning their new coined Deities, whereby they ravish the ears of the credulous Idolatrously-disposed people. Thence they commit the same to writings, stuffed out with all manner of fables; so that there was scarce discernable any ragge of the old sacred Tradition, whence at first they received their fables. For whatever they heard touching the Existence, At∣tributes,

or providences of God, they wrested unto such fabulous senses, and augmented by such monstrous figments; * 1.10 and out of these, by a strange artificial imitation, and successive multipli∣cation, coined so many prodigious comments relating to some new Deities, as that in a short time their Gods were multiplied to a kind of Infinity. Thus did Hellenisme, or Polytheisme spring originally, though by a monstrous kind of Satanick imitation, from true sacred stories touching God, his Names, Attributes, Providences, or People; as 'twill farther appear by the several Deities amongst the Pagans, and their Theogonie.

§. 3 * 1.11 The first great Idol-God, universally owned by the Pa∣gans, was by them called Saturne, whose Names and Attributes were, as 'tis most evident, but corrupt imitations of sacred story. Saturne is supposed to be so called from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 latuit, whence he was stiled Deus Latius, and his proper seat was Latium, as Glass. Gram. 1. l. 4. Tract. 3. But we shall begin with Saturnes names and genealogie, as we find them given us by Sanchoniathon, according to Philo Byblius's version, mentioned by Eusebius, who brings in Sanchoniathon thus discoursing of Saturn's Gene∣ration and Names. He saies first, that the great God 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Eliun, called the most high, generated the Heaven and the Earth. Eliun, heb. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Elion, is one of Gods proper Names, and signifies most High. Bochart, Canaan lib. 2. cap. 2. fol. 784. supposeth this passage of Sanchoniathō, to have been taken out of Moses's words, Gen. 14.19.22. * 1.12 where tis said, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The most high God possessor or (as Bochart) generator of Heaven and Earth: for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is rendred by him, to generate; it being so rendred by the LXX Zach. 13.1. The wife of Eliun, San∣choniathon makes to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Beruth, i.e. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 berith; whence we read of the Phenician Goddesse Berith, Judg. 8.33. * 1.13 which, I presume, received her origination from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; whereby the Co∣venant which God made with his People, which was, as it were, the Mother of all their Mercies, is usually expressed. For the blind Cananites or Phenicians, hearing much from the Jews, of

their 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 berith, Covenant, (which they made the great Parent of all their Mercies,) they thence grosly conceited, that this 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 berith was a Goddesse, the wife of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Elion, the most high God. Saturnes immediate Parent is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ur, the light) Heaven, because God is said first to produce the Hea∣ven. Gen. 14.19. Whence it follows in Sanchoniathon, that the first born son of the Heaven was 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Ilos, who also was called Saturne. * 1.14 This 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, given to Saturne, Bochart makes to be the same with the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 El, a proper name of the true God. And that the Phenicians called Saturne 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, is manifest by the words of Damascus in Phot. CCXL 11. thus: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, The Phenicians, and Syrians, call Saturne El, and Bel, and Bolathes. Hence from this name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, given to Saturne, the Sun, which is made his royal Throne, was called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. * 1.15 Another name whereby the Phenicians expressed Saturne, was Molech, according to Amos 5.26. from the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a King. They call him also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Baal, which was originally one of Gods sacred names, as Hos. 2.16. Saturne is also, according to Bochart, called Chiun, Amos 5.26. and Rephan or Remphan, (which is an Egyptian stile, or title, the same with Chiun) Act. 7.43. of which see more what follows chap. 2. §. 8.

But to come to the original Idea of Saturne, by which it will more evidently appear, that not onely his Names, but also his Extract, and Attributes were all but corrupt imitations, taken up from some sacred Person and Tradition. As for the genealo∣gie of Saturne, some make him to be the same with Adam; others refer him to Abraham; and a third sort suppose him to be the same with Noah. We may indeed take in each of these relations. For its well known, that these poor blind Heathens were wont to attribute Traditions and Relations, originally different, to one and the same person, according as their inclinations led them. Hence they framed more than one hundred Jupiters, by applying different stories to one and the same name and per∣son.

§. 4. * 1.16 To begin therefore with those, who refer the story of Saturn to Adam. 'So Plato in his Politicus fo. 272. descri∣bing the golden age, under the reigne of Saturn, saies, that God, as supreme Lord, disposed of all; neither were there possessions of wives and children, or polices, but all lived on the fruits of the Earth, which brought forth fruits, without any agriculture, of its own accord. Then he addes, that these first Parents lived naked, sub Dio, and had conference with the beasts &c. which plainly relates to Adam and Eves state in Paradise. And in a confe∣rence with Bochart, upon the mention of this discourse of Plato to him, he seemed to grant me, that this storie of Saturne might be referred to Adam, though (as he said) 'twas not proper for him to mention it, because he referred Saturne rather to Noah. And Stephanus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 on 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, tels us, that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Saturne, was called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; and that this Adanus was the son of Heaven and Earth, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which is a perfect descri∣ption of Adams production by God out of the Earth. Whence Sanchoniathon, speaking of Adams formation out of the Earth, stiles him 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the character here given to Saturne. And indeed, the very name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 seems to be the very same with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Adam. For the Greeks, having no words termina∣ting in m, for Adam they pronounced 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Thus Vossius de I∣dololatr. lib. 1. cap. 38.

Neither may we conceive that the me∣morie of our first Parents was lost in Asia among the Gentiles: many things prove the contrary. Adana, an ancient city of Cilicia, built by the Syrians, was so called in memorie of the first man Adam. For it is evident, that the Grecians, having no words ending in m, for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 read 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and the termination added, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: whence the city 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. This 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, saith Ste∣phanus, was the son of Heaven and Earth. Which agrees to none more properly than to Adam. The same Stephanus saith, that he was called Saturne and Rhea: I suppose, because Saturne was the first man, and Rhea the mother of all, Eve, &c.

Again, Vossius de Idololatr. lib. 1. cap. 18. gives a good parallel

'twixt Saturne and Adam. 1.

Adam is called the son of God Luk. 3.38. because he had no father but what was heavenly: so Saturne is called the son of Heaven. 2. Adam was formed out of the dust of the Earth: so Saturnes Mother was called Tellus Earth, as Hesiod, and Orpheus tell us. 3. The Worship given to Saturne among the Greeks and Romans, addes to this parallel. In the moneth of September 19 Kal. on which day the Saturnals were acted at Rome, the Servants enjoyed their liberty; yea the Masters served, while the servants sate at Ta∣ble; which was a shadow of the liberty which was in Paradise under Adam's innocent state &c.

Thus Saturne is brought in speaking in Lucian. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. And there∣fore every where applause, and singing, and play, and equality of Ho∣nor to all, both servants and free: For under my Government there was no servant. There are many other particulars wherein Saturne seems parallel to Adam, as 4. Adam is said to be the first that taught men Husbandry; so Saturne. 5. Adam hid himself from the presence of God; so Saturne; whence he was so named from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Satar, to hide. 6. Adam was cast out of Paradise; so Saturne expelled from his Dominion &c. * 1.17 More of Saturnes Parallel with Adam see Vossius de Idolol. l. 1. c. 18. and Book 3. ch. 4. §. 5. of the golden Age.

§. 5. * 1.18 Others refer the original of Saturne to Abraham: so Sanchoniathon in his 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 generation of the Gods, saies that Sa∣turne 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 offered up his only son 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 also he circum∣cised the privy parts, and forced his companions to do the same: which evidently refers to the storie of Abraham: and so 'tis more full explained by Porphyrie, in his book 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 quo∣ted by Eusebius, praepar: Evang: lib. 1. cap. 9. where he makes Saturne, who after his death became a Planet, to be called Isra∣el: his words are these, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c. Saturne, whom the Phenicians call Israel, after his death

was consecrated into a star &c. Then he addes,

that the same Saturne had, by a Nymph called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Anobret, an only son 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, whom, for this, they called Ieoud, as he is so called, to this day, by the Phenicians. This only son (saies he) being clothed with a Royal habit, was sacrificed by his fa∣ther, being under great calamity.

This Phenician Fable is excellently well deciphered by Bochart (Can. l. 2. c. 2. fol. 790) & applied to the storie of Abraham's offering up Isaac &c. * 1.19 Thus

Jeud amongst the Hebrews is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Iehid which is is the Epi∣thet given to Isaac Gen. 22.2. concerning whom, 'tis evident, that Porphyrie treats. * 1.20 Then he addes, this only son was offe∣red by his father: So Sanchoniathon — Thence this Saturne, the same with Abraham, whom the Scripture stiles 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Prince of God Gen. 23.6. the Phenicians made the principal God: And they called him Israel, the name of that people that sprang from Abraham: and they consecrated unto him one day in seven, as holy, that is, the Sabbath day, which was sacred amongst the Jews: * 1.21 and they sacrificed their sons unto him, after a wicked kind of manner, wherein they would imitate Abraham Gen. 22.2,3. Though, when God had tryed Abrahams faith and obedience, he forbids him to of∣fer his son: but Sanchoniathon, and Porphyrie bring in Saturne, as really sacrificing his son. Namely, the Devil would fain make men believe so, that it might passe for an example: (as indeed it did so amongst the Phenicians, who offered their sons to Saturne &c.) * 1.22 The Nymph Anobret or (according to the Phe∣nician name) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Annoberet, signifies conceiving by Grace; which is an appellation properly belonging unto Sarah, who, being barren, received, by Grace, a power to conceive &c.

as Heb. 11.11. Thus Bochart, who is followed herein by Stilling∣fleet Origin. s. Book 3. c. 5.

Abraham is here called by the name of his posterity Israel, Isaac Jeoud. So Gen. 22.2. Take thy son: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is the same with Phenician Joud. That Sarah is ment by Anobret, the original of the name implies,

as Bochart

&c. of Saturnes parallel with Abraham, Vossius de Idolol. lib. 1. cap. 18. pag. 142. thus writes:

peradventure also the Patriarch Abraham was worshipped in Saturne. For which nothing else occurs but that of Porphyrie, Euseb. praepar. Evang. lib. 1. Therefore Saturne, whom the Phenicians name Israel, and whom, after his death, they consecrated into a Star of the same name, when he reigned in those parts, he had an onely son, by a certain Nymph of that countrey called Anobret, whom therefore they called Jeoud, a word, which to this very day signifies in the Phenician tongue, onely begotten. And when the King fell into a dangerous war, he sacrificed this onely son, adorned with royal apparrel, on an Altar erected for this very purpose. Wherein (saith Vossius) we have three observables. 1. That Israel, the most ancient King of the Phenicians, was the same with Saturne. 2. That Israel had an onely son, thence called by the Phenicians Jeoud. 3. that this Son was sacrificed by his father: whence may we suppose these things had their original, but from the confounding Israel with his Grandfather Abra∣ham, who was commanded by God to sacrifice his onely son? as Gen. 22.1. Take thine onely son &c. where the Hebr. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 greatly suits with the Phenician Jeoud. Neither do these lan∣guages differ save in Dialect. And truely in Orphaicis Abra∣ham is stiled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; where Abraham and Isaac are confoun∣ded, as here Abraham and Jacob.

Thus Vossius.

§. 6. * 1.23 But the chief stories of Saturne and his genealogie seem to refer to Noah, according to that excellent parallel drawn by Bochart, Phaleg lib. 1. cap. 1. fol. 1.

That Noah (saies he) passed among the Heathens under the name of Saturne, there are so many things to prove it, that there is scarce left room for doubting. 1. Saturne is stiled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the father of all; so was Noah. 2. Saturne, as Noah, was stiled a Preacher of righteous∣nes. 3. Under Saturne's reign, as under Noahs, all things were common and undivided. 4. All men enjoyed the highest peace under Saturne; as under Noah. 5. In Saturnes time, as in Noahs,

all men used one speech &c. 6. Saturne's wife was called Rhea, or Earth, because Noah was called a man of the Earth, as Gen. 9.20. * 1.24 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a man of the Earth, i.e. according to the Hebrew Idiom, a Husbandman: which the Mythologists took in a proper sense for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the husband of the Earth: whence Saturne, the same with Noah, is made the husband of Rhea, i.e. the Earth. 7. Saturne is also said to be an Hus∣bandman and planter of Vines, as Noah was. 8. Saturne is sti∣led the president of Drunkennesse, from Noahs being drunk. 9. Hence also came the Saturnalia, or Revels, consecrated to the memorie of Saturne. 10. Saturne is also said to be the Author of that Law, which forbad the Gods to behold men naked: which was but a Tradition of the curse on Cham, for beholding his fathers nakednesse. 11. Saturne is said to arise, together with his wife and children, out of the Sea; a Tradition of Noah, with his wife and children, their deliverance from the Deluge. 12. Hence a Ship became Saturne's symbol; and Saturne is said by Sanchoniathon to sail about the world. 13. Saturne is said to foretel Deucalion's floud, making use of a Dove &c. answerable to that of Noah, &c. 14. Saturne is said to have devoured all his children besides three, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, viz. Jupiter Hammon, the same with Cham; Neptune, the same with Japhet; and Pluto, the same with Shem.

Thus Bochart more largely. The like parallel 'twixt Saturne and Noah I find in Vossius de Idololatr. lib. 1 cap. 18. Farther, in Saturne are con∣served some reliques of the Patriarch Noah. Namely, they saw, as Adam was simply the first of all men, so Noah the first of all that lived after the floud. Adam had the empire of all the world: so had Noah with his familie. Noah had three sons: so had Saturne. Noah his three sons divided the world: so did Saturnes. &c. So Owen theol. lib. 1: cap. 8. pag. 89. Saturne, by the Poets stiled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, was Time. Thus they mythologized. Noah also, according to the most corrupt Tradition, was stiled such. Time is a space mea∣sured by the motion of the Heaven: hence Saturne was stiled the son

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of heaven: so also Noah was esteemed. They feigned Sa∣turne to have devoured up his sons, and to have vomited them up again, which alludes to Noah's deluge &c. Thus also Stilling∣fleet, Origin. s. book 3. ch. 5. §. 8. where he mentions Bocharts parallel betwixt Noah and Saturne in 14 particulars as before. See Dickins: Delph. Phoen. Diatribe of Noahs Names. Thus we have shewn how the fabulous stories of Saturne his Genealo∣gie, Names, Attributes, and Offices, were but broken Traditions of sacred Scripture, referring either to Adam, Abraham, or Noah, &c.

§. 7. * 1.25 We now proceed to Jupiter, (who succeeded Saturne,) to demonstrate, that his Genealogie, Names, and Attributes were but fragments, or broken Traditions of some sacred storie. First, as for Jupiters names, in the fragments of Sanchoniathon, tis said; The son of Saturne was 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Zeus Belus. * 1.26 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Baal or Belus, the chief God among the Phenicians, (whereof there were many) signifies properly, Lord: and it was a name assu∣med by Jehovah, the God of Israel, before abused to Superstiti∣on, as it appears Hos. 2.16. * 1.27 It is elsewhere written 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Beel, as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which answers to the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Lord of Heaven. * 1.28 As for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, though it be, as to its immediate originati∣on, a Greek Title, yet the original Reason thereof is Phenician or Hebrew, answering unto Cham, the son of Noah. For 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is derived 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies heat: which answereth exact∣ly to the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Cham, from the radix 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Chamam, to wax hot. By which it is evident, the Greeks stiled Jupiter 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in allusion to his Phenician or Hebrew name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Cham. * 1.29 Whence Herodotus tels us, that the Egyptians called Jupiter Ammun: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, for the Egyptians call Jupiter Ammun. So Ralegh, Hist. of the world, Part. 1. B. 1. c. 6. §. 6. tels us, That the Egyptians, even after the floud, began to entitle Cham, the parent of their own Mizraim, Chammon, or Hammon. Thus Vosstus de Idololatr. lib. 1. c. 27. Unto Saturne succeeded Jupiter Ammon, that is Cham, or Ham; whence the Egyptians made 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Gre∣cians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from Cham 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Noahs son. Which appears from

this, that Egypt is stiled, not onely the countrey of Misraim, Cham's son, but also the land of Cham, as Ps. 105.23.27. Al∣so Plutarch, of Isis and Osiris, testifies, that Egypt, in the sa∣creds of Isis, was termed 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: whence this but from Cham? yet I shall not pertinaciously dissent, if any will have the name Ammon primarily to agree to the Sun rather than to a man, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies heat, and so agreeable to the Sun, the fountain of heat, &c. So Bochart Phaleg lib. 1. cap. 2. informes us, that the Africans (who were originally Phenicians) called Jupiter, Ham∣mon, as the Egyptians 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ammun, (whence Ammonius.) So also in his Preface to Phaleg, Bochart assures us, that

the Afri∣cans worshipt Cham, or Ham, under the name of Hammon; as Noah under that of Saturne; whence Africa was called Ham∣monia, or the countrey of Hammon.

By all which tis evident, that this name Hammon, given to Jupiter, had its original from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Cham, or Ham, unto which 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 alludes. * 1.30 Again, Sanchoni∣athon termes Jupiter 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sydyk. So Philo Byblius, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 from Sydyk sprang the Cabiri: or, as Damascius in Photi∣us. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sadyk. Now this name is evidently taken from the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sedek, the just, which is a name given to God, as al∣so to the first Patriarchs, whence Melchisedek. * 1.31 Another name given to Jupiter, is Taramis, or Taranis, which, according to Camden (Britan. pag. 14. edit. Lond. 1586.) is the same with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jupiter thundering: to whom Augustus consecrated a Temple. * 1.32 For Taram or Taran in the British tongue signifies Thunder, as in the Saxon Thor, or Thur, whence Jnpiter's day was by the Saxons called Thursday. Now this name Taram, given to Jupiter, Bochart makes to be derived from the Pheni∣cian 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 tarem, which, by casting away the Servile 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 prefi∣xed, is the same with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to thunder.

§. 8. * 1.33 But nothing indeed does more evidently prove, Jupi∣ters origination to have been, from some corrupt imitation, of sa∣cred storie, than the very name it self. For Jupiter (as Muis on the Psalmes well observes) is evidently the same with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

that is, Father Jah, or Jeu. * 1.34 Now its well known, that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jah is a name properly, yea most essentially attributed to God in Scripture, as Psal. 68.4. &c. it being but a Contract of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jehovah, and so most expressive of the Divine Being, or Essence. That Gods name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jah was well known to the Phenicians, who communicated the same to the Grecians, is evident by what we find to this purpose in Porphyrie; who tels us, that Sancho∣niathon had much assistance for the compiling of his Historie from Jerombalus the Priest of the God 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Jao. So Diodorus lib. 1. tels us, that Moses inscribed his Laws to the God called Jao. In∣deed the Grecians seldome, if ever, expresse the ineffable name of God, Jehovah by any other than 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, according to the Oracle of Clarius Apollo 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. So the Gnosticks, in Irenaeus lib. 1. cap. 34. call God Jao: and Jerom, in his Comment on Psal. 8. Jaho. which Greek name Bochart supposeth to have been framed out of the 4 letters 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of Jehovah, which may be read Jaho: for which some of the Greeks read 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jeu pater i:e: jah, or jeu the Father. And as Jupiter owes its origination to the sacred name of God Jehovah, Jah, or Jao; So also the oblique cases of Jupiter, namely Jovi, Jove &c. for how inconsiderable, if any, is the difference in the Hebrew 'twixt Jove, or Jova, and Jehovah. This same name Jao, in the Oracle of Clarius Apollo, is given also to Bacchus. As it was not unusual with those Mythologists, to give the same name to differing persons, as their humors inclined. Vossius, de Idol. lib. 2. cap 16. pag. 386. endeavors to prove, that Jupiter was allo called Janus from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jah, as Jacchus from jah chus, and re∣puted to be the same with the Sun, as Jana, Diana or Juno the same with the Moon, * 1.35 Again, whence was it that Jupiter was stiled Sabasius? but from that Title of God 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jeho∣vah Sabaoth the Lord of hosts, a stile so often given to God: as Esa. 1 9. * 1.36 which is rendred Rom. 9.29. the Lord of Sabaoth. Ow∣en, Theol. lib. 3. cap: 13.

§. 9. By all which laid together, I suppose, 'twill seem

more than a meer conjecture, that the chief, if not the whole of Jupiters Titles were of sacred origination, though by cursed imi∣tation. * 1.37 We might also shew, that many of the Fables applied to Jupiter, were, indeed, of Phenician or Hebrew original: as that of Jupiters rebellion against his father Saturne, from Chams rebellion against Noah &c. The fabulous Jews relate, that Cham cut off his fathers Virilia, whence the Fable of Jupiters cutting off Saturne, his father Genitalia as Lact. lib. 1. cap. 12. But I shall instance chiefly in that famous Fable of Jupiters stealing away Europa, which seems evidently of Phenician and Hebrew extract, and that from a mistake of the original words. For whereas 'tis said, that Jupiter stole away Europa, under the forme of a bull; the Fable, as learned Bochart demonstrates, arose from the Equivocation of the Phenician 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies either a Ship or a Bull. Now the Grecians, to make the fable more admirable, understand it of a Bull; whereas the Phenician sto∣rie ment it only of Jupiters carrying away Europa in a Ship &c. So the Fable of Jupiters having Hornes, according to that of O∣vid, Metaph: lib. 5. Lybi is est cum cornubus Hammon. * 1.38 Amongst the Lybians Jupiter Hammon is pictured with Hornes; seems bor∣rowed, and that upon a mistake, from the storie of Moses's com∣ing down from the Mount with his face shining: where the He∣brew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signifies both a beam of the Sun, as also a Horne: from which ambiguity the Fable sprang. Again, in the Metamorpho∣sis of the Gods in Egypt, 'tis said that Jupiter was turned into a Ram; which Fable Bochart (de Animalibus sacris part 2. lib. 1. cap. 10. fol 62.) supposeth to have had its rise from the cognati∣on 'twixt the Hebrew words 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 El (the name of God transfer∣red on Jupiter) and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ajil a ram: which being Paronymous, and the Plural number of both the same viz. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Elim: the Grecians mistake the later for the former. The Poets fiction of Minerva the Goddesse of wisdom, her being produced out of Ju∣piters head, seems to be drawn from the Scriptures relation of Christ, the wisdom of God, his eternal Generation Prov: 8.23. * 1.39

&c. as eloquent Du Bosc. (Pastor of the Reformed Church at Caen) observed in a Sermon preached at Caen. Lastly the Tradition of Bacchus's being taken out of Jupiters thigh, is sup∣posed, by Bochart, to be but a Tradition of the Patriarchs pro∣ceeding ex femore Jacobi, out of Jacobs thigh mentioned Gen: 46.26. * 1.40 where the Hebrew words, which properly signifie out of Ja∣cobs loins, are, by an easy mistake from their ambiguity, transla∣ted by the Greek and old Latin, out of Jacobs thigh: whence sprang this Fable &c. Thus we have shewen how the many fabulous Names, Genealogies, and Attributes given unto Jupiter, had their original, by Satanick imitation, from sacred storie, Names, and Persons &c.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Pagan Theologie, and its derivati∣on.
• * 1.2

  1 Tim. 4.1.
• * 1.3

  Mythick or The∣ogonick Theolo∣gie.
• * 1.4

  See Owen The∣log. lib. 3. cap. 4. p. 187.
• * 1.5

  Of Zabaisme its rise from sacred tradition.
• * 1.6

  Gen. 1.16.
• * 1.7

  Ps. 136.7.
• * 1.8

  2 Of Helle∣nisme, its rise from sacred sto∣ry.
• * 1.9

  Owen Theolog. lib. 1. c. 8. p. 86.
• * 1.10

  Ostenditur se∣cundo, Graecorū Deorum nomina origine nou alia, quam Hebraica esse Sand ford, de desc. l. 1. §. 6.
• * 1.11

  1. Of Saturne his original names, &c.
• * 1.12

  Gen. 14.19,22.
• * 1.13

  Judg. 8.33.
• * 1.14

  Saturne called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ilos, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Gods name.
• * 1.15

  Molech.
• * 1.16

  2 Saturnes ge∣nealogie referred to Adam in 6. particulars.
• * 1.17

  Saturni nomen ex Heb. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 fluxisse dicunt: unde is Latius Deus fuit dictus &c. Glass. Gram, s. lib. 4. Tract. 3. obs. 5.
• * 1.18

  Saturne parallel to Abraham in three particulars mainly.
• * 1.19

  1 Isaac stiled Jeud. from Gen. 22.2.
• * 1.20

  2 Saturne, from Abrahams being stiled a Prince of God Gen. 23.6. called the principal God.
• * 1.21

  3 Saturne sacri∣ficeth his son in imitation of A∣braham. Gen. 22.2,3.
• * 1.22

  4 The Nymph Anobret an imi∣tation of Sarah, who being bar∣ren received Grace, Heb. 18,11.
• * 1.23

  3. Saturnes pa∣rallel with No∣in 14 particu∣lars.
• * 1.24

  Gen. 9.20.
• * 1.25

  Jupiters Names and Genealogie from sacred sto∣rie.
• * 1.26

  Belus.
• * 1.27

  Hos. 2.16.
• * 1.28

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.29

  Hammon.
• * 1.30

  Sydyk.
• * 1.31

  Taramis.
• * 1.32

  Taram vel taram Cambried lin∣guâ, hodie•…•… est tonitru, et veteri Sueciea, Thor; unde Jovis dies Suecica Thors∣day, Anglicae Thursday. Boch. cars. l. 1. c. 42.
• * 1.33

  Jupiter from ja 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.34

  Jovis nomen a Sanctissimo Dei apud Hebraeos nomine 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Glass. Gram. s. l. 4. Tract. 3. Ps. 68.4.
• * 1.35

  Sabasius.
• * 1.36

  Esa. 1.9.
• * 1.37

  Fables applied to Jupiter, of Phenician origi∣nal.
• * 1.38

  Exod. 34,29.
• * 1.39

  Prov. 8.23.
• * 1.40

  Gen. 46.26.