The true constitution of a particular visible church, proved by Scripture.: Wherein is briefly demonstrated by questions and answers what officers, worship, and government Christ hath ordained in his church. / By that reverend and learned divine, Mr. Iohn Cotton, B.D. and pastor of Boston in New England.

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Title
The true constitution of a particular visible church, proved by Scripture.: Wherein is briefly demonstrated by questions and answers what officers, worship, and government Christ hath ordained in his church. / By that reverend and learned divine, Mr. Iohn Cotton, B.D. and pastor of Boston in New England.
Author
Cotton, John, 1584-1652.
Publication
London :: Printed for Samuel Satterthwaite, at the Signe of the black Bull in Budge Rowe, neare to Saint Antholines Church,
1642.
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Congregational churches -- Government
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A80639.0001.001
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"The true constitution of a particular visible church, proved by Scripture.: Wherein is briefly demonstrated by questions and answers what officers, worship, and government Christ hath ordained in his church. / By that reverend and learned divine, Mr. Iohn Cotton, B.D. and pastor of Boston in New England." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A80639.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 10, 2024.

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THE true Constitution of a Particular visible Church proved by Scripture.

Quest.

WHat is the Church?

Ans. The Church is a Mysticall body(1) 1.1 whereof Christ is the Head(2) 1.2 the members and Saints(3) 1.3 called out of the World(4) 1.4 and united together into one Congregation(5) 1.5 by an holy Covenant(6) 1.6 to worship the Lord, and to edifie one another in all his holy Ordinances(7) 1.7

Quest. What sort of Members hath God set in his Church?

Ans. Some that are Ministers(1) 1.8 or Officers(2) 1.9 in the Church, others commonly called by the generall

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name that belongeth, to all the members, Brethren,(3) 1.10 and Saints.(4) 1.11

Quest. What sorts of Ministers or Officers hath God set in his Throne?

Ans. Some extraordinary, as Apostles, Prophets, and Evangelists(1) 1.12 some ordinary and perpetuall, as Bishops and Deacons.(2) 1.13

Quest. What manner of men are to be called to these Offices, to be Bishops, or Elders in the Church?

Ans. A Bishop or Elder in the Church, must be in himselfe a blamelesse man for Holinesse, and Righte∣ousnesse, and for freedome from passions and lusts, al∣so a vigilant man, and of good behaviour. Moreover, he must bee in his Family a man of good Government, and of good Hospitality; in his Name a man of good Report even of those that are without; in his Profes∣sion not a young Plant, but holding fast the faithfull Word, apt to teach it, and able to maintaine it(1) 1.14

Quest. What sorts of Bishops or Elders hath God ordained in his Church?

Ans. Of Bishops who are also called Elders, God hath ordained two sorts: Ruling Elders, and such as labour in word and in Doctrine(1) 1.15 commonly called Pastors and Teachers(2) 1.16 all of them to watch over one certaine Flocke, the Church of a particular Con∣gregation.(3) 1.17

Quest. What is the Office, or worke of the Pastors or Teachers?

Ans. The Pastors worke is to attend upon Exhor∣tation, and therein to dispence a word of wisedome; the Teacher is to attend upon Doctrine, and therein to dispence a word of knowledge.(1) 1.18

Quest. What is the Office of the Ruling Elders?

Ans. Seeing the Kingdome of Christ is not of this World, but Heavenly and spirituall(1) 1.19 and the Go∣vernment of his Kingdome is not Lordly,(2) 1.20 but Steward∣ly, and Ministeriall(2) 1.21 and to labour in the ministry

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of Exhortation, and Doctrine is the proper work of the Pastor and Teacher(3) 1.22 it remaineth therefore to bee the part, and Office of the ruling Elders, to assist the Pastor and Teacher in all other Acts of Rule be∣sides, as becommeth good Stewards of the Houshold of God(4) 1.23 as first to open, and shut the doores gf Gods House(5) 1.24 by admission of Members(6) 1.25 by ordina∣tion of Officers(7) 1.26 by excommunication of notorious and obstinate offenders(8) 1.27

Secondly, to see that none without the Church live either inordinately without a calling, or Idly in their calling(9) 1.28 thirdly to prevent and heale such offences in life, and Doctrine as might corrupt either their owne Church(10) 1.29 or other Churches if their Counsel be re∣quired(11) 1.30 Fourthly, to prepare matters before hand for the Churches consideration(12) 1.31 and to moderate the carriage of all matters in the Church assembled(13) 1.32 as to propound matters to the Church(14) 1.33 and to or∣der the season of speech and silence in the Church(15) 1.34 Fifthly, to feed the flock of God with a word of admo∣nition(16) 1.35 and as they shall be called for to visite & pray over their sick brethren(17) 1.36

Quest. What manner of men hath God appointed to be called to the Deacons Office?

Answ. Men of gravity and of good report not given to dissembling, nor to Wine, nor to covetousnesse, ful of the holy Ghost and wisedome, holding forth the mistery of the faith in a pure conscience, keeping their houshold in good Rule and enjoying such wives as may neither dishonour nor corrupt their Office, not slanderers (but) brave and sober and faithfull in all things (1) * 1.37

Quest. What is the office of the Deacons?

Answ. To receive the offrings of the Church brought unto them and laid downe before them (1) 1.38 and there∣with to serve Tables(2) 1.39 distributing with simplici∣ty(3) 1.40 not onely to the Ministers of the Church(4) 1.41 but to any other of the brethren as they shall have need(5) 1.42

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Quest. But is it not the Office of the Deacons to shew mercy with cheerfulnesse?

Answ. Yes verily, to their Brethren in misery(1) 1.43 but that part of their office they do chiefly performe by the hand of the widdowes, chosen into their number, who are therefore called the Deacons or servants of the Church(2) 1.44

Quest. What manner of widdowes hath God al∣lowed, to be taken into this number?

Answ. Ancient women, well reported of for good workes, for nursing her children, for lodging of Stran∣gers, for washing the Saints feet, for relieving the affli∣cted, for following diligently every good work(3) 1.45

Quest. What manner of men hath God appointed, to be received as Brethren and members of his Church:

Answ. Such as are called of God out of this world to the fellowship of Christ(1) 1.46 and do willingly ofter and joyne themselves, first to the Lord(2) 1.47 and then to the Church(3) 1.48 by confession of their sins(4) 1.49 by profes∣sion of their faith(5) 1.50 and by taking or laying hold of his Covenant(6) 1.51

Quest. What is the Office or duty which God cal∣leth the Brethren unto the members of the Church?

Answ. To brotherly love(1) 1.52 and the fruits therof brotherly unity(2) 1.53 brotherly equality(3) 1.54 & bro∣therly communion(4) 1.55

Quest. Wherein standeth brotherly unity which we are to hold one with another?

Answ. To be perfectly joyned together in one mind and one judgement in one truth(1) 1.56 and where wee cannot bee of one judgement yet still to be of one heart(2) 1.57 not provoking nor envying one another(3) 1.58 but forbearing and forgiving(4) 1.59 not judging nor despising one another in differences of weakenesse(5) 1.60 but so far as we are come to walke together by the same Rule(6) 1.61 To teach and learne one of another the way of God more perfectly(7) 1.62 Till we all grow up in the unity of

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the faith, unto a perfect man in Christ Iesus(8) 1.63

Quest. Wherein standeth brotherly equallity which we are to hold one with another?

Answ. In committing a like unto all Gods Ordinan∣ces, and enjoying alike all Christian Liberties(1) 1.64 In preferring others before our selves(2) 1.65 and seeeking one anothers wellfare(3) 1.66 and feeling their estates, as our owne(4) 1.67 in bearing the burdens one of another im∣posing no burdens,(5) 1.68 but in equall proportion(6) 1.69

Quest. Wherein standeth brotherly communion, which we are to hold one with another?

Answ. In our stedfast and continuall fellowship in the Apostles Doctrine and worship: and ministration(1) 1.70 and for this end to dwell together(2) 1.71 and to watch over one another(3) 1.72 to resort together to the publike assembly(4) 1.73 and there to joyne in all holy duties with one accord(5) 1.74 and every Lords day to lay up in store for the supply of the Saints (6)

Quest. How is the publike worship of God to bee ordered, and administred in the Church?

Answ. All the Members of the Church being met to∣gether as one man(1) 1.75 in the sight of God(2) 1.76 are to joyne together in holy duties with one accord(3) 1.77 the men with their heads uncovered the women covered (4)

Quest. What part of publike worship is first to bee administred?

Answ. The Apostle exhorteth that first of all: All manner of prayers be made for all men, for Kings, and all in authority, that we may leade a quiet and a peacea∣ble lift, in all godlinesse and honesty(1) 1.78

Quest. Whither are set forms of publique worship, devised and ordained by men an acceptable worship unto the Lord?

Answ. If such set formes had beene an ordinance of the Lord, and a worship acceptable to him, the Lord himself, or at least some of the Apostles, or Prophets,

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would not have held back that part of Gods Counsell, from the Church(1) 1.79 Besides, publique prayer is as well a part of publique Ministry, as Prophesie is(2) 1.80 and the formes of one might as justly be taught, by the precepts of men as the other(3) 1.81 and both of them are alike the gifts of the Holy Ghost, to whom it belongeth as well to teach us what to pray, as how to pray(4) 1.82 nor will it well stand with the holy gesture of Prayer, which is to lift up our eyes to Heaven(5) 1.83 to cast downe our eyes upon a Booke(6) 1.84

Quest. What part of publique worship is next to be administred?

Answ. Before Prophecying it will bee seasonable to sing a Psalme(1) 1.85 and by some of the Tea∣chers of the Church to Reade the Word, and there∣with to Preach it, by giving the sence, and applying the use(2) 1.86 In dispensing whereof the Minister was wont to stand above all the people in a Pulpit of wood and the Elders on both sides(3) 1.87 while the people harkned unto them with Reverence and Attention(4) 1.88 where there be more Prophets, as Pastors and Tea∣chers, they may Prophesie two or three(5) 1.89 and if the time permit, the Elders may call any other of the Bre∣thren, whither of the same Church or any, to speake a word of Exhortation to the people(6) 1.90 and for the better edifying of a mans selfe or others, it may be lawfull for any (young or old) save onely for Women, to aske questions at the mouth of the Pro∣phets(7) 1.91

Quest. After the Ministry of the Word, what part of Gods publique worship is next to be administred?

Ans. After the Word (which is the Covenant of God) the Seales of the Covenant are next to bee admi∣nistred; Baptisme, and the Lords Supper(1) 1.92 and as for Baptisme,(4) 1.93 it is to bee dispenced by a Minister of the Word(2) 1.94 unto a Beleever professing his Repentance,(5) 1.95 and his Faith(3) 1.96 being a member of the same Church

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body(4) 1.97 as also unto his seed(5) 1.98 presented by the Pa∣rent to the Lord, & his Church(6) 1.99 at which time the Minister in Gods roome calleth upon the parent to re∣new his Covenant with God for himselfe & his seed(7) 1.100 and calleth upon God as the nature of the Ordinance re∣quireth' for the pardon of originall finne, and for the sin of the parents and for a blessing upon the Sacrament and Infant(8) 1.101 and then calling the childe by the name, which the Parent hath given it, for his owne edification, and the Childes(9) 1.102 he baptizeth it either by dipping(10) 1.103 or sprinkling(11) 1.104 into the name of the Father the Son, and the Holy Ghost.(12) 1.105

Quest. How is the Lords Supper to be administred?

Answ. The Supper of the Lord is to be dispensed by the Minister of the Word(1) 1.106 unto the faithfull of the same body(2) 1.107 or commended to them by a like body(3) 1.108 having examined and judged themselves(4) 1.109 & sitting down with him at the Lords Table(5) 1.110 before whom the Minister taketh the bread and blesseth it, breaketh it, and giveth it to the brethren with this com∣mandement once for all, to take and eate it, as the body of Christ broken for them, and this doe in remembrance of him, in like manner also he taketh the cup, and having given thanks, he powreth it forth, and giveth it to them, with a commandement to them all, to take and drink it at the bloud of Christ shed for them, and this also to do in Remembrance of him(6) 1.111 and after all thansgiving is ended with singing a Psalm(7) 1.112

Quest. After the Ministery of the Word and the Seales thereof, how is the Collection for the Saints to be adminished?

Answ. The Collection for the Saints was by the A∣postles Ordinance to be made for the time every Lords day(1) 1.113 for the measure as God had prospered every man(2) 1.114 for the manner, not of constraint but freely,(3) 1.115 brought by the givers as an offering to the Lord, & said down(4) 1.116 as at first before the Apostles, so after∣wards

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by their appointment, before the Deacons of the Church, as into a common Treasurie(5) 1.117 by them to be distributed to the supply of the Ministery and of the poore Saints according to their need and of all the out∣ward Service of the Church.(6) 1.118

Quest. What duty of Gods worship is to be perfor∣med in dismissing the assembly?

Answ. After all parts of Gods publique worship have been performed by the Minister(1) 1.119 or any of the Prophets is to dismis the Assembly with a word of bles∣sing: offering up blessings unto the Lord(2) 1.120 and put∣ting a blessing upon the people(3) 1.121

Quest. In what manner are all duties of Gods wor∣ship to be administred?

Ans. In Spirituall simplicity without affectation of legall shadowes(1) 1.122 of worldly pomp or carnall excel∣lencie(2) 1.123 decently(3) 1.124 and in order(4) 1.125 and to edi∣fication(5) 1.126

Quest. What forme of Government is the Governe∣ment of the Church.

Answ. The government of the Church is in Christ our head Kingly or regal(1) 1.127 but in the Church Stew∣ardly and Ministeriall(2) 1.128 and in both of them Spiritu∣all and heavenly(3) 1.129

Quest. How doth Christ exercise his Kingly Go∣vernment or power in the Church?

Answ. By calling the Church into holy fellowship with himselfe, and one with another(4) 1.130 by ordaining Officers and Governours in his Church with their cal∣lings and gifts(5) 1.131 by giving Lawes and ordinances to his Church, for the whole government of it(6) 1.132 By putting life and power, even the power of his spirit in all his Ordinances, for the edifying of his body unto perfe∣ction(7) 1.133 and finally by subduing our enemies, and protecting our selves in his peace to his heavenly King∣dome(8) 1.134

Quest. How is the Governement of the Church in

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the hand of the Church Stewardly or Ministeriall?

Answ. Because the end of the Government of the Church is spirituall and heavenly(1) 1.135 as is the buil∣ding of Christs Kingdome, and saving of soules(2) 1.136 it is not in the power of men to ordaine, or provide means or helpes to such ends, but onely for him that can worke upon the soule and conscience(3) 1.137 and therefore it is not in the hand of the Church, to make Lawes or or∣dinances, to chuse Officers or Members, to administer Saeraments or Censures or any part of worship or Go∣vernement of their own heads, but to receive all as from the hand of Christ, and to dispense all according to the will of Christ revealed in his Word(4) 1.138

Quest. How is the government of the Church Spi∣rituall and heavenly?

Answ. The government of the Church though it be not altogether inward but partly outward(1) 1.139 as bee∣ing administred by open and known Officers(2) 1.140 with∣audable and lively voice(3) 1.141 in the open face of the bre∣thren of the Congregation(4) 1.142 yet is it in it selfe not of this world but Spirituall and heavenly(5) 1.143 as being ordained, not by the wisedome and power of this world but of Christ(6) 1.144 and administred not according to the precepts of men but his Commandoments(7) 1.145 not by earthly weapons, but by the Word and Sacraments, and other Spirituall Ordinances(8) 1.146 not working upon the bodyes, or outward estates of men by fines or imprison∣ments losse of limbes or lives, but upon their soules and consciences, by the evidence of the Spirit(9) 1.147 finally not aiming at worldly peace wealth or honour, but at the Righteousnesse of faith, peace of conscience, and joy in the Holy Ghost(10)

Quest. To whom hath Christ committed the Go∣vernment of his Church?

Ans. Partly to the Body of the Church, in respect of the state or frame of it(1) 1.148 but principally to the Presbitery, in respect of the Order or Administration of it(2) 1.149

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Quest. What power of Government is committed to the body of the Church?(3) 1.150

Ans. The body of the Church hath power from Christ to choose, and call her owne Officers, and mem∣bers, to send forth any of them, for her service(4) 1.151 to inquire and heare and assist in the Judgment of all pub∣licke scandalls(5) 1.152

Quest. What power of Government is committed to the Presbitery?

Ans. To call the Church together(6) 1.153 and to deliver the Counsell of God to them with all Authority(7) 1.154 to prepare matters for the Churches hearing(8) 1.155 and to propound and order them in the Assembly(9) 1.156 to ad∣minister Ordinations(10) 1.157 and Censures(11) 1.158 and to dismisse the Assembly, with a blessing in the Name of the Lord(12) 1.159

Quest. But hath not Christ committed some power of Gouernment to every private member of the Church?

Ans. Yes verily, there is a power of edification.(1) 1.160 which the Lord hath given, to any member of the Church to excercise mutualy one over another(2) 1.161 to save some with compassion, others with feare(3) 1.162 by a word of Instruction, Admonition, Exhortation and comfort(4) 1.163

Quest. How is Ordination to bee administred?

Ans. When the Church hath chosen and called an Officer, they present him to the Elders(1) 1.164 who doe ordaine him if he be a Deacon with Praye, and imposi∣tion of hands(2) 1.165 and with fasting also is to bee an Elder(3) 1.166

Quest. How are the Censures of the Church to bee administred?

Ans. The Censures of the Church are ordained by Christ, for the removall of scandalls out of the Church,(1) 1.167 which if they be private, (one Brother offending another) the Offendor is to goe and acknowledge his

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Repentance of it unto his Brother(2) 1.168 who is then to forgive im(3) 1.169 but if the Offendor neglect to doest the Brother offended is to goe, and admonish and con∣vince him of it, betweene themselves privately: If there∣upon the Offendor be brought to Repent of his offence the Admonisher hath won his Brother But if the Of∣fender heare not his Brother, the Brother offended is to take with him one or two more that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established, whether the word of Admonition, if the Offendor re∣ceive it, or the word of complaint to the Church if hee refuse it, the offended Brother is to tell the Church, if he refuse to heare the Church, then is he to bee accounted as an Heathen, and Publican(4) 1.170

Quest. What if the Scandalls or Offences bee pub∣lick, how are they to be removed?

Ans. By publick Reproofe(1) 1.171 and if the offences be not onely publick but haynous, then the Church is to remove the offence, by Excomunicating the Offendor out of the Church(2) 1.172

Quest. How is Excomunication to be administred?

Ans. When the offence of any Brother is publick, and haynous, or being private is through the Offendors ob∣stinacy become publickly scandalous; the Church being met together, is in the Name and Power of the Lord Iesus, and with his Spirit, are to deliver such an one to Sathan for the destruction of the Flesh, and the Sal∣vation of his Soule, in the day of the Lord Jesus(1) 1.173

Quest. Is there no use of Suspension in the Church?

Ans. Not as a Church Censure or as an Act of power, but as an Act of discretion in the Church Officers, dis∣cerning the uncleane from the cleane, untill they bee cleansed(2) 1.174

Quest. What is Anathama Maranatha?

Ans. It is the utmost Censure of the Church, whereby a Brother falling from the love of Christ, into hatied a∣gainst him, is cut off from fellowship with Christ, for

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ever even to the comming of the Lord(3) 1.175

Quest. Having seene what power of Government the Church hath received, and exerciseth within it selfe. Tell me now whither one Church hath power of Go∣vernment over another?

Ans. No Church hath power of Government over another, but each of them hath chiefe power within it selfe, and all of them equall power one with another, e∣very Church hath received alike the power of binding and loosing, opening and shutting the Kingdome of Heaven(1) 1.176 but one to another all of them are Sisters;(2) 1.177 all of them Sarahs, all of them Queenes, none Hagar, none of them Concubines(3) 1.178 but by their owne corruption or usurpation of others(4) 1.179 Finally, all of them, are Candlesticks of the same precious met∣tell, and in the middest of them all Christ equally walketh(5) 1.180

Quest. But if one Church have no power of Govern∣ment over another, what course is there left to Reforme such corruptions, as may arise in any Church, whether in Doctrine or practise.

Ans. The corruptions that are found in any Church, doe either infect part of the Church, or the whole body; if part onely, then the part remaining sound may either convince and reforme their Brethren themselves if they be able, or if they be not able they may at least prevaile so farre with them, as to send for light to some other Church, as they of Antioch did to the Church at Jeru∣salem. But if the Corruptions found in a Church doe infect the whole Body, yet still there is hope in Israel concerning this, for though one Church have not power of Government over another, subordinate to them, yet every Church hath equall power one with another, as coordinate with them: And therefore looke what po∣wer one Brother hath over another in the same Church, the same power hath one Church over another in Bro∣therly communion; as if one Church shall heare of any

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offence in another, they may enquire the certainty of it, and thereupon send Letters and Messengers to convince and admonish them of it. If the Church offending doe heare the Church admonishing, they have gained their Brethren, and their owne desire: If the Church heare them not, then the Church may take one or two Chur∣ches more to assist them, in the conviction of that sin: if yet the Church heare them not, then (upon due notice given) all the Churches thereabouts may meete toge∣ther, and after judicious inquiry into the Cause, may by the Word of God confute and condemne such Errours, in Doctrine or practice, as are found oftensive: to pre∣vent the spreading, either of the Gangreene of Heresie, or of the Leprosie of sin, and if the Church offending shall not yet hearken to their Brethren, though the rest of the Churches have no power to deliver them to Sa∣than, yet they have power to withdraw from them, the right hand of Fellowship, and no longer to hold them in the Communion of Saints, till they approve their Repentance.(2) 1.181

FINIS.

Notes

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