The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.

The fourth Demonstration. Wherein Are Shewed the Coasts of England, from Port-land to the Lizard.

FRom Portland to Exmouth, the course is west∣northwest thirteene leagues; betwixt them both lyeth a little Island close by the land called Cob.* 1.1 Befote Exmouth men may ride (at the south end of the Chindle, which lyeth before the haven) in se∣ven or eight fathom, soo that the rocks of Tomanstones doe come to lye south and south and by east from you, there it is good ground, and landlockt for a south winde.

Five leagues south, and south and by west from Exmouth lyeth Torbay,* 1.2 and lyeth from Portland west, and west and by south distant thirteene leagues.

[illustration]

TORBAY.

For to goe into the roade of Torbay, you must bring the West poynt south and by east, and southsoutheast from you and anchor there in 7 or 8 fathom, you shall lye land-lockt for south and southwest windes. At the northeast side of the bay is alsoo a tyde-haven, before it, it is good anchor ground in foure or five fathom, according as you will lye neare or farre from the shoare.

Three or foure leagues southwards, or to the west∣wards of Torbay, lyeth the Haven of Dartmouth,* 1.3 which hath a narrow entry, lying in betwixt two high lands, upon each side of the Haven standeth a little Castle, in time of warres they were wont to shut it over with a chaine, on the Westside standeth a little Church on the high land. For to sayle in there comming from the Steart or from the westwards you must run in alongst by the wester-land, so farre to the eastwards untill you bring the kay of the village (that lyeth on the east side of the haven) in the middest of the entry of the Haven, and sayle so in, keeping the middest of the Haven be∣twixt the two lands, and you must bee very ready with the boat (if there should come any sore flangs from of the high land) for to row in. Being come in, edge over to the west-side, before the Brewhouse, and an∣chor there in ten or twelve fathom, or before the village on the east-side where you please.

At the east-side of the Range lyeth a suncken Rock, the marks for to avoyd it are these. To the eastwards of Dartmouth is a red poynt, which below by the water is black, and in the red lieth a white stone, when the white stone commeth over the black poynt, then are you thwart of the suncken rock, but if you see the kay of the village and doe as before is sayd, then you shall not come too neare that suncken rock to take any hurt of it.

Betwixt Dartmouth and the Steart, nearest to Dart∣mouth standeth a spire steeple indifferent high and white, called Tackman, that is a very good marke to know the haven of Dartmouth by.

The Steart* 1.4 lyeth from Dartmouth southwest distant three leagues. Under the poynt of the Steart at the east side is a good roade for westerly windes, betwixt the lit∣tle Church that standeth upon the high land, and the poynt of the Steart in tenne or eleven fathom, soo that the poynt lye southwest from you.

A little to the eastwards of the westermost poynt of the Steart lyeth a haven, called Salkom,* 1.5 when you come from the west, it sheweth it selfe open, the west side of it is ragged and the east side goeth sloping downe, close to the westpoynt lyeth a rocke, or a rane of rockes, there∣fore you must give it a good birth, & leave the rockes on the larboard side: Further, you may see all breaks that can doe you hurt. Being come within the point, you can take no hurt of either of both shoares. Upon the barre or shoals of the entry, remaineth at low wa∣ter with a spring-tyde, not lesse then eleven foot water, & again within it is at least three fathom deep.

Seven leagues to the westwards of the Steart lyeth the sound of Plymmouth, at the outermost east poynt of the sound lyeth a high round rock, called Mewstone,* 1.6 the west poynt is called Ramehead, betwixt them both goeth in the sound Plymmouth north north∣east in, it is broad and deepe. A little to the northwards of Ramehead is a faire sand-bay, where men may an∣chor close under the land, in nine and ten fathom. Two leagues south a little easterly from Ramehead, lyeth a Rock above water, called Eddystone.* 1.7 The poynt of Plymmouth lyeth from the Eddystone North and by east, and Northnortheast, distant about foure leagues. In the sound, by the land of Plymmouth, lieth a little Island, which is fast to the west side with a riffe or rane of Rocks under water, so that men must sayle alongst to the eastwards of it, whether they be bound into Catwater,* 1.8 or into Hamoase the west harbour. If you will goe into Catwater, then runne in betwixt the Island, and the poynt on the east side in with the land of Plymmouth, untill that you see Catwater open on the starboard side of you, goe then into the eastwards be∣twixt

the point of Plymmouth, and the foresaid east point on the starboard side of you, leaving the most part of the channell on the starboard side of you, until you come within the poynt, and anchor there right against that high steepe norther-land, there is at low Water with an ordinary tyde foure and five Fathom deepe.

When you sayle into Catwater, you must take heed, and give a good birth to the souther poynt of the entry of Catwater, for there lye off to the foresayd poynt, a ledge of Rocks under water, neare about two cables lengths from the Land, and upon the poynt of the ledge or shoale, lyeth a buye, where is at halfe flood about twelve foot water, which buye you must leave on your starboard side in going into Catwater, and when you have Catwater altogether open, you may run into the eastwards, leaving (in the entry of the harbour) two third parts of the channell on the starboard side, as before is sayd, because the south shoare is somewhat flat off, there lying a sandy bancke, which reacheth to the second poynt of the south shoare of Catwater.

A little to the eastwards of that foresayd little Island, lyeth a rocke under water, upon which is at low wa∣ter not deeper then two fathom. For to sayle within the Island, you may goe into the eastwards, or to the westwards of the rock according as occasion shall serve. If you wil sayle into Hamoase, to the westwards of the rock, then take the sounding of the Island in foure or five fathom at low water, and run in so by it, untill that the Fisher Village (lying to the northwards a little within the land) come in the west side of the valley on the north shoare, then are you to run through betweene the Island and the rocke, and to the westwards of the rock. Within the Island upon the land of Plymmouth, standeth a wall or hedge, when as you see that onend∣ling, and the chappel of the foresayd Fisher-village commeth to the north-side of the Valley, and Catwater commeth open; then doe you runne over the Rocke. Betweene the Island and the maine, men may anchor in twelve and thirteene fathom.

If you bee bound into Hamoase,* 1.9 you must runne in betweene the Island and the land of Plymmouth, and then in amiddest the channel betweene the two Lands, untill that the entry of Hamoase be open, runne then into the northwards, as the channel leadeth, until you come in about the west poynt, and anchor there in six∣teen, fifteen, and twelve, or ten fathom. In the narrow it is fifteene, sixteene, seventeene, & also twenty fathom deepe, and betweene the Island and the maine, eight, nine, tenne, and twelve fathom.

About halfe a cables length to the eastwards of the Passage way going into Hamoase, lyeth a suncken rock under water,* 1.10 called the German, about two great shippes lengths from the shoare, and at low water hath not above foure foot water upon it. And when men doe come any thing neare this foresayd suncken rock going into Hamoase, either with the flood or the ebbe, the tyde wil set them right upon it, if it bee calme. Therefore to avoyd it, men must (with calme weather) give this foresayd suncken rock a good birth, untill they bring the houses of the Fisher-Village, (called the Stone-hou∣se) open of the easter-poynt of the Passage way, and then runne in over towards the north shoare, until they have hidden the Island in the foresayd easterne poynt of the passage way, for to avoyd a suncken Rock* 1.11 that lyeth off to the eastwards from the North poynt of the Beach on the West-side of the Passage way, a halfe cables length off, and then runne amids the channel into Hamoase. Upon this foresayd suncken Rock at low water, is not above 3 or 4 foot water.

In the sound of Plymmouth, not farre to the north∣wards of the Mewstone, lye two or three suncken rockes,* 1.12 upon which remaine at low water not more then three or foure fathom water, the markes of them are these: To the eastwads of Plymmouth standeth a Tower with a Mill, and to the Westwards of the fore∣sayd little Island standeth a Gentlemans house, when the little tower or turret of that house commeth over the poynt on the west side of the Island, & the foresayd Tower and Mill to the eastwards of Plymmouth come one over the other, then are you upon the innermost suncken rocke or shoale, which it at low Water foure fathom deepe. But when the poynt of Hamoase commeth even without the poynt to the westwards of the Island, and the foresayd Tower and mill alsoo one in the other, Then are you upon the outermost rocke, where it is at low water and spring-tyde three fathom and a half deepe.

From Ramehead west & by south five leagues, lyeth Foy, and betwixt them on the coast lyeth a little Island, a little to the eastwards of a poynt, called Talland-poynt, thwart of West-Louwe, called Louw-Island,* 1.13 you may anchor there to the easterwards of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom.

Foy* 1.14 is a broad haven, where a ship may go in at a half flood, at the east-side of the haven standeth a little church with a little steeple, & on the west side a white church, somewhat greater then that upon the east land with a square steeple at the west end of it.

For to sayle into Foy, you must have at least a halfe flood, and runne in midst the channel betwixt the two poynts, and being come within, then chuse which side you will, but the most water is by the west land, be∣tweene the stakes and the Tower that standeth upon the west land. Being come within the Stakes (as you come in by the west land) then beare somewhat off pre∣sently from the west shoare, almost into the middle of the channell, nearest to the west shoare, untill you come before the Village that lyeth on the west side, there is a deepe docke, where a shippe that draweth sixteene foot water may lye a float at low water. In the sayd dock may 3 or 4 shippes lye.

If (when you come in by the east land) you desire to bee in the foresayd docke or poole, then saile in untill you come within the stakes, and then edge over off from the east-land untill you come nearest the west land, for to avoyd a Flat, which lyeth by the east shoare alongst the haven, and beginneth against the first house of the West-Village. If it should happen, that you could not lead it in with a saile, then let your anchor fall without the stakes, & warp in with hawsers, untill you come into the foresayd poole.

You may also sayle so farre in, that you may see a wall on the west side of the haven, where lyeth a village behinde it. A shippes length to the southwards of that wall, it is good lying by the east land, being moored by foure cables, there may alsoo a ship ride a float that draweth sixteene foot water. You may also saile further in alongst by that Swach that lieth on the west side, wherein the mill standeth, but come not too neare the north poynt of the Swach, for there by it, lyeth a rock under water, being past that you may moore your ship in the middest of the channell, there is best lying for shippes that draw much water.

Foure leagues southwest and by west from Foy, lyeth the poynt of Dodman,* 1.15 & two leagues to the westwards of it lyeth the Haven of Falmouth. The poynt of Dodman is double Land with a round hill, which to the westwards goeth sloping downe, somewhat towards the west end standeth a mill with a sharp tower, and some little houses upon the land, somwhat to the westwards, men may see the castle of Falmouth upon a round Hommocke against the high Land. This land is very easy to bee known when you come from the west, or from the Lizard.

Upon the west poynt of the haven of Falmouth* 1.16 standeth a Castle upon the high land and in the entry nearest the west-side, lyeth a great rock above water, you may sayle about it on both sides, at the inner side of the east point lye also some rocks off from the shoare.

For to sayle in there to the eastwads, alongst by the fore∣sayd Rocke, you must runne in within two cables lengths, alongst by the eastland leaving the foresayd rocks on the starboard side, and the great rocke on the larboard side, & so sayle right in with the high land that lyeth on the west side within the haven. Within in the haven standeth on the Land a white Chalkye spot, also a little wood of trees, keepe them over the North poynt of the foresayd high west-land, and sayle so right in with them, keeping them so untill you come neare them, you shall finde so at halfe flood, upon the shoalest, not lesse Water then five fathom, and that betwixt the foresayd Castle upon the west poynt, and the easter Castle that standeth on the eastside, within the haven, over against it, or a little within the Castles. When you shall then come by that foresayd high west-land, runne alongst by it, unto the north-end of the same, and anchor there in twelve, thirteene, or fourteene fathom. You may also from thence edge over towards the east land, & anchor there under or behinde the banck; that lyeth off from the easterne Castle alongst the middle of the haven, in sixe, seven or eight fatham: the banck falleth almost dry at low water, and is soft ground, soo that the shippes sit in the oase, when they come there a ground.

For to sayle into the westwards of the foresayd great rock, you must take the sounding of the west land, where the Castle standeth upon, in five or sixe fathom, being somewhat within the rock, runne (as before is sayd) to∣wards the west-land. To the westwards of the rock, it is in that channell six and seven fathom deepe at halfe flood, but in the channell to the eastwards of the rock, seven and eight fathom.

Foure leagues south & by west from Falmouth lyeth the east poynt of the Lizard, betwixt them both lyeth a haven, called Helford,* 1.17 which is little used for ships.

At the south-side of the haven lyeth a steepe poynt, and on the north-side a low sharpe poynt. Within the haven on the south-side, standeth a Gentlemans house beneath at the strand, & upon the hill standeth a tuffe of trees, you must keepe these one in the other, and runne so amiddest the channell into the entry of the ha∣ven. On the north side stand also 2 or 3 trees, these come a masts length to the westwards of a little house that standeth in a white sandy bay, there upon you may sayle in alsoo amidst the channell; it is a short in-let, being come within, you may anchor in six or seven fathom. Upon the south side standeth also a sharpe Tower, and upon the north side a little Castle upon the steepe land.

The Lizard hath three poynts, the northermost is called the Blacke-head, from that to the second the coast lyeth southwest and by west, and alongst to the third about westsouthwest, or west and by south: from the second or middelmost poynt, lye to seawards some rocks a cables length, or a cables length and a halfe off, called the Staggs.

To the northwards of the northermost, or eastermost poynt of the Lizard, betwixt Helford and the foresayd poynt lye some rockes a great league off from the land, called the Mannackles,* 1.18 south and by east from the harbour of Falmouth, & eastnortheast from the foresayd Blacke-head, where of many of them are above water at low water, and some of them at high water remaine uncovered. Betwixt them and the shoare it is very fowle and rocky, so that men cannot run through be∣twixt them without great danger.

He that commeth out of Falmouth, and is bound to the westwards, must not goe more southerly with an ebbe then southsoutheast, or southeast and by south according as the winde shall bee, for to run cleare of these foresayd.

Of the Tydes and Courses of the streames.

Jn Dartmouth and Torbay a west and by south moon maketh full sea.

Thwart off the Steart in the channel, a westnorth∣west & eastsoutheast moone.

From the Steart to Portland in the middest of the channell, the flood falleth eastnortheast, and the ebbe westsouthwest.

Thwart of Dartmouth by the land, the flood falleth n. e. & by north, & the ebbe southwest & by south.

Thwart of Torbay towards Exmouth in the baye, the flood falleth northnortheast, & the ebbe southsouth∣west.

In Plymmouth and Foy a west and by south, and east and by north moon maketh the highest water.

Thwart of Foy in the channell an eastsoutheast moone.

A sea-board of Falmouth an east and by south, but in the haven of Falmouth an east and by north moone.

At Helford & at the Lizard, by the land, an eastsouth∣east and westnorthwest moone maketh the highest water.

From Ramehead to the Steart by the land, within the Eddy-stone, the flood falleth eastsoutheast, and the ebbe westnorthwest.

From the Dodman to Ramehead, the flood falleth eastnortheast, and the ebbe westsouthwest.

From the Lizard to the Dodman northeast and south∣west.

In the channell betwixt the Lizard and the Steart, thwart off Foy, the flood falleth east and by north, and the ebbe west and by south.

Of the Depths.

The Steart and the land of Dartmouth men may see them both in five and forty fathom.

When you have the high land of Plymmouth north from you, you may see it in fifty fathom, it is high double land, and sheweth it selfe first in two hilles. That same high double land within the land, you may see it from thwart of Foy untill you come thwart of Dartmouth.

The Dodman you may see in 42 fathom off from the Lizard to the Steart.

The Lizard you may see in five and fifty fathom, there the ground is white and red shelly sand.

Courses & Distances.

• From Portland to S. Paul de Lion southwest and by south, 40 leagues.
• From Portland to Ushant southwest 53 leagues.
• From Portland to Exmouth westnorthwest. 13 leagues.
• From Torbay to Dartmouth s. w. 3 a 4 leagues.
• From Dartmouth to the Steart s. w. 3 leagues.
• From Portland to Torbay west, somewhat southerly 13 or 14 leagues.
• From Portland to Dartmouth west & by s. 16 leagues.
• From Portland to the Steart westsouthwest westerly 19 leagues.
• From the Steart to the Caskets eastsoutheast 21 leag.
• From the Steart to the Sept Isles, south & by east some∣what easterly, 24 leagues.
• From the Steart to S. Paul de Lion south and by west, somewhat southerly 27 leagues.
• From the Steart to Ushant southwest and by south 38 leagues.
• From the Steart to Ramehead, the course is westnorth∣west 8 leagues.
• From Ramehead to the Island of Lowe westsouthwest, 3 leagues.
• From the Isle of Low to Foy, west 2 leagues.
• From Foy to the Dodman southwest & south w. and by w. 5 leagues.
• From the Dodman to Falmouth west and by south, and westsouthwest 4 leagues.
• From Falmouth to the Lizard south & by w. 4 leagues.
• From the Steart to the Eddy-stone west or a little more northerly 7 or 8 leagues.

• From the Eddystone to Ramehead north a little wester∣ly 2. leagues.
• From Ramehead to the Dodman w.s.w. 8 leagues.
• From the Dodman to the Lizard southwest 6 leagues.
• From the Steart to the Lizard west and by south 20. or 21 leagues.
• From the Lizard to Garnsey east and by south 37 leag.
• From the Lizard to the Sept Isles, or seven Islands, the course is southeast and by east 31 leagues.
• From the Lizard to Ushant south 29 leagues.
• From the Lizard to Cape de Finisterre southwest, 153 leagues.
• And that course goeth about 5 leagues without the C.
• From the Lizard to Teneriffe southsouthwest 466 lea∣gues.
• From the Lizard to Tercera southwest and by west 386 leagues.

Heights.

• The Steart lyeth in or as some will hold, more northerly. 50 degr. 12 min.
• Torbay lyeth in 50 degr. 28 min.
• The Lizard lyeth in 50 degrees.

How these Lands doe shew themselves at Sea.

[illustration]

Thus sheweth the land to the westwards of Portland, when you sayle alongst by it.

[illustration]

The land betwixt Torbay and the Steart sheweth thus.

[illustration]

The Steart Dartmouth Torbay.

Thus sheweth the land betwixt Torbay and the Steart, when the Steart is southwest and by west from you.

[illustration]

The Steart Dartmouth Torbay.

Thus sheweth the land betwixt Torbay and the Steart, when the Steart is westsouthwest from you.

[illustration]

Torbay Torbay Torbay Torbay

The poynt of Torbay sheweth thus in divers forms, according as you are southerly or northerly of from it.

[illustration]

The Steart Dartmouth.

These two figures belong one to the other at the two crosses.

[illustration]

Torbay Apsum

Thus sheweth Dartmouth, as it is pourtrayed in these two figures, when you are right thwart from it, a league or two from the land, with the land on both sides of it, as well towards the Steart as towards Torbay, and to the northwards of it.

[illustration]

The Steart

Thus sheweth the Steart, being north from you 2 or 3 leagues.

[illustration]

The Steart being north from you 7 leagues, sheweth thus.

[illustration]

This open will be shut too when you sayle to the westwards. This open will be shut too when you sayle to the westwards. The Steart.

When the Steart is northeast from you, it appeareth in this forme, and then the poynt goeth flat downe.

[illustration]

Salckom The Steart.

Thus sheweth the land to the westwards of the eastermost poynt of the Steart, towards Salckom, when you sayle alongst by it.

[illustration]

De Custen Ʋan Engelant tusschen de twee pointen van Poortlandt en Lezard.

[illustration]

Plymmouth n. n. w. The Steart n. n. w.

Thus sheweth the land of the Steart, and alongst to the westwards of Plymmouth, when the Steart is northnortheast about two leagues, and the sound of Plymmouth northnorth∣west five or six leagues from you.

[illustration]

Mewstone The Steart

The Land betwixt the Steart and the sound of Plymmouth sheweth it selfe in this forme, when you sayle alongst by it.

[illustration]

Thus sheweth the high Land to the eastwards of Plymmouth.

[illustration]

Maker Church.

Thus sheweth the Land of Ramehead, and to the northwards of it, when you sayle into the sound of Plymmouth.

[illustration]

The Dodman Ramehead.

When you are thwart of the Dodman 4 leagues without the Land, that, and the land to the east∣wards of it, unto Ramehead, sheweth it selfe in this manner.

[illustration]

The Dodman when you are right before it.

Thus sheweth the Land to the eastwards of Falmouth, when you sayle alongst by it a league a seaboard the Land.

[illustration]

Lizard Falmouth Dodman

Thus sheweth the land betweene the Dodman and the Lizard

[illustration]

Lizard Hilford Falmouth.

The Land betwixt Falmouth and the Lizard sheweth thus when you are before Falmouth.

[illustration]

Thus sheweth the Lizard when you sayle alongst by it.

Notes

• * 1.1

  I. Cob.
• * 1.2

  Torbay
• * 1.3

  Dart∣••outh.
• * 1.4

  Steart.
• * 1.5

  Salkom
• * 1.6

  Plym∣mouth Mewe∣stone.
• * 1.7

  Eddy∣stone.
• * 1.8

  Catwater
• * 1.9

  Hamoase.
• * 1.10

  The Ger∣man a suncken rock.
• * 1.11

  Suncken Rocks.
• * 1.12

  Suncken Rocks.
• * 1.13

  Low-Is∣land.
• * 1.14

  Foy.
• * 1.15

  Dodman.
• * 1.16

  Falmouth
• * 1.17

  Helford.
• * 1.18

  Man∣nackles.