The country-mans recreation, or The art of [brace] planting, graffing, and gardening, [brace] in three books. The first declaring divers waies of planting, and graffing, and the best times of the year, with divers commodities and secrets herein, how to set or plant with the root, and without the root; to sow or set pepins or curnels, with the ordering thereof, also to cleanse your grafts and cions, to help barren and sick trees, to kill worms and vermin, and to preserve and keep fruit; how to plant and proin your vines, and to gather and presse your grape; to cleanse and mosse your trees, to make your cider and perry, with many other secret practises which shall appear in the table following. The second treateth of the hop-garden, with necessary instructions for the making and maintenance thereof, ... with some directions for tabaco. Whereunto is added, The expert gardener, containing divers necessary and rare secrets belonging to that art, ... hereunto is likewise added the Art of angling.

CHAP. IV. This Chapter doth shew how to set other Trees which come of wilde Cions, pricked in the earth without roots: and also of proining the meaner Cions.

Trees take root prickt of Branches.

THere be certain which take root, being pricked of Branches proined of other Trees, which be, the Mul∣berry, the Fig-Tree, the Quince-Tree, the Service-Tree, the Pomgranad-Tree, the Apple-Tree, the Damson-Tree, and divers sorts of other Plum-Trees, as the Plum-Tree of Paradice, &c.

How one ought to set them.

FOr to set these sorts of Trees, ye must cut off the Cions, twigs, or boughes, betwixt Alhallontide and Christmas,

not lightly after. Ye shall chose them, which be as great as a little staff or more, and looke whereas you can find them fair, smooth, and straight, and full of sap withall, growing of young trees, as of the age of three or four yeares growth, or thereabouts, and look that ye take them so from the tree with a broad Chizel, that ye break not, or loose any part of the bark thereof, more than half a foot beneath, neither of one side or other: then proine or cut off the branches, and prick them one foot deepe in the earth, well digged and ordered before.

How to binde them that be weak.

THose Plants which be slender, ye must proin or cut off the branches, then bind them to some stake or such like to be set in good earth, and well mingled with good dung, and also to be well and deeply digged, and to be set in a moist place, or els to be well watered in Summer.

How one ought to digge the Earth to set them in.

ANd when that ye would set them in the earth, ye must first prepare to digge it, and dung it well throughout a 〈…〉〈…〉 ••eep in the earth. And then ye shall set them eve∣ry one in his place made (before) with a crow of Iron, and for to make them take root the better, ye shall put with your Plants watered Oates, or Barley, and so ye shall let them grow the space of three or four yeares, or when they shal be branched, then ye may remove them, and if ye break off the old stubby root, and set them lower, they will last a long time the more. If some of those Plants doe chance to put forth Cions from the root, and being so rooted, ye must pluck them up, though they be tender, and set them in other places.

Of Cyons without Roots.

IF that the said Plants have Cions without any roots, but which come from the Root beneath, then cut them not

off, till they be of two or three years growth, by that time they will gather roots, to be replanted in other places.

To plant the Fig-tree.

THe said Plants taken off Fig-trees graffed, be the best. Ye may likewise take other sorts of Fig-trees, and graff one upon the other, for like as upon the wild Trees doe come the Pepins, even so the Fig, but not so soone to prosper and grow.

How to set Quinces.

LIkewise the nature of Quinces, is to spring, if they be pricked (as aforesaid) in the earth, but sometime I have graffed with great difficulty, saith mine Author, upon a white Thorne, and it hath taken and born fruit to look on fair, but in taste weaker than the other.

The way to set Mulberries.

THere is also another way to set Mulberries, as follows, which is, if you doe cut in Winter certaine great Mul∣berry boughs, or stocks asunder in the body (with a Saw) in troncheons a foot long and more, then make ye a great furrow in good earth well & deep, so that you may cover again your troncheons, in setting them an end half a foot one from another, then cover them again, that the earth may be above those ends three or four fingers high, so let them remain, and water them in Summer, if need be sometimes, and clense them from all hurtfull weeds and roots.

Note one of the same.

THat then within a spa•• of time after, the said tronchions will put forth Cions, which when they be somewhat sprigged, having two or three small twigs, then ye may transplant or remove them where you lift, but leave your troncheons still in the earth, for they will put forth many motions, the which, if they shall have scanty of root, then dung your troncheons with good earth, and likewise above also, and they shall do well.

The tyme to cut Cions.

VNderstand also that all trees, which usually put forth, put forth Cions, if ye cut them in winter, they will put forth and spring more abundantly, for then they be all good to set and plant.

To set Bush-tees, or Gooseberries or small Raisins.

THere be many other kind of Bush-trees, which will grow of Cions prickt in the ground, as the Gooseberry-tree, the small Raifin-tree, the Berberrie-tree, the Black Thorne-tree, these with many other to be planted in winter, will grow without roots: ye must also proine them, and they will grow well enough, so likewise ye may prick in Marh of Oziers in moist grounds, and they will grow, and serve to many purposes for your Garden,