Historical antiquities, in two books the first treating in general of Great-Brettain and Ireland : the second containing particular remarks concerning Cheshire / faithfully collected out of authentick histories, old deeds, records, and evidences, by Sir Peter Leycester, Baronet ; whereunto is annexed a transcript of Doomsday-book, so far as it concerneth Cheshire, taken out of the original record.

CHAP. IV.

Of the Kings of Scotland.

{fleur-de-lys} THe Kingdom of Scotland was never totally Conquered, either by the Ro∣mans or Saxons; for which they may thank their great Barren Mountains, whether they fled from the Enemy, as a Shelter.

It consisted (as you have already heard) of two sorts of People, Picts, and Scots. It remains that I set down the Catalogue of their Kings, as far as truth of History will bear: For the first 39 Kings of Scotland (which some Scotch Historians do reckon up) are but vain and fabulous, as Dr. Heylyn truly accounts them, in his Cosmography, pag. 335.

Kings of Scotland before the Conquest of the Picts, when the Scots had but one Part of Scotland, and the Picts the other Part.

[Ann. Dom. 404] 1. Fergus King of the Scots, and Durstus King of the Picts, slain in Battel against the Romans and Brettans, Anno Christi 420. Buchanan.

[ 420] 2. Eugenius, or Euenus, eldest Son of Fergus.

[ 452] 3. Dongard, Brother of Eugenius.

[ 457] 4. Constantine, Brother of Dongard, and youngest Son of Fergus.

[ 479] 5. Congall, Son of Dongard.

[ 501] 6. Goran, Brother of Congall.

[ 535] 7. Eugenius II. Son of Congall.

[ 558] 8. Congall II. Brother to Eugenius.

[ 568] 9. Kinnatel: In his time Aidan, Son of Gorran, came into Scotland, who two Years be∣fore came out of Ireland; and was now by St. Columba brought to Kinnatel, who left the Kingdom to Aidan, having onely Reigned 14 Months.

[ 569] 10. Aidan, Son of Gorran, had his Kingly Robes put on by Columba. Deadly Feuds began between him and Brudeus* 1.1 King of the Picts. Aidan was routed by Ethel∣frid King of Northumberland, Anno 603. Bede, lib. 1. cap. 34. So that he never came again into Scotland.

[ 604] 11. Kenneth I. was elected King. He Reigned but 4 Months, or (ut alii) 12 Months.

[ 605] 12. Eugenius III. Son of Aidan.

[ 622] 13. Ferchard I. Son of Eugenius.

[ 636] 14. Donaldus, Brother of Ferchard.

[ 650] 15. Ferchard II. Son of Ferchard. He was wounded by a Wolf.

[ 663] 16. Maldwine, Son of Donwald. He was strangled by his Wife, upon suspicion he had lain with a Whore; and she was burned for it.

[ 683] 17. Eugenius IV. Son of Dongard.

[ 687] 18. Eugenius V. Son of Ferchard.

[ 697] 19. Amberkeleth, Son of Findanus, Son of Eugenius IV.

[ 699] 20. Eugenius VI. He married Spondana Daughter of Garnard, and commanded the Acts of Kings to be Registred in Abbies.

[ 716] 21. Mordac, Son of Amberkeleth.

[ 730] 22. Etfin, Son of Eugenius VI. He forced Galloway to pay Tribute.

[ 761] 23. Eugenius VII. Son of Mordac, was murthered by his Nobles.

[ 764] 24. Fergus II. Son of Etfin, was strangled by his Wife when he was asleep.

[ 767] 25. Solvathius, Son of Eugenius VII. a good Prince.

[ 787] 26. Achaius, Son of Etfin, first entred into a League with France. Hungus King of the Picts obtains 10000 Scots of him.

[ 819] 27. Congall III. Cosin to Achaius.

[ 824] 28. Dongall II. Son of Solvathius.

[ 830] 29. Alpin, Son of Achaius, slain in Battel by the Picts, who challenged that King∣dom in right of his Mother, Sister to Hungus King of the Picts, and his Heir also.

[ 833] 30. Kenneth II. Son of Alpin, utterly subdued and destroyed the Picts, and slew Dru∣sken their last King, extending thereby the Scottish Kingdom from one Sea to the other, over all the Bounds of Modern Scotland.

Kings of Scotland after the Conquest of the Picts.

[ 838] 1. Kenneth II. the first sole King of all Scotland, conquered the Picts, Anno 838. He promoted his Kingdom from the Isles of the Orcades to Adrian's Wall. Buchanan.

[ 854] 2. Donald II. Brother of Kenneth, died at Scone, Anno 858.

[ 858] 3. Constantine II. Son of Kenneth, slain by the Danes.

[ 874] 4. Ethus, Brother of Constantine, sirnamed Alipes, à Pedum celeritate.

[ 875] 5. Gregorius, Son of Dongall, a stout Prince. He overcame the Danes, Brettans, and English; subdued Cumberland and Westmorland; entred Ireland with an Army in the time of Duncan, or Donat, or more truly Dunach, King of Ireland, a Child; and overcame Brien, and Cornelius, General of the Irish Forces.

[ 892] 6. Donald III. Son of Constantine II.

[ 903] 7. Constantine III. Son of Ethus.

[ 943] 8. Malcolme I. stiled Milcolumbus in Latin, Son of Donald III. had Cumberland and West∣morland by the Gift of Edmund King of England, upon condition that every suc∣ceeding King of Scotland should swear Fealty to the King of England, as the Su∣preme Sovereign.

[ 958] 9. Indulf, an Intruder.

[ 967] 10. Duffe, Son of Malcolme, was murthered.

[ 971] 11. Culen, Son of Indulfe, murthered by one Rohard a Thane or Nobleman.

[ 975] 12. Kenneth III. Brother of Duffe.

[ 999] 13. Constantine IV. Son of Culen, sirnamed Calvus, or The Bald; a Usurper of the Crown.

[ 1001] 14. Grime, Son of Duffe, was slain in Battel by Malcolme Prince of Cumberland.

[ 1011] 15. Malcolme II. Son of Kinneth III. murthered by his Nobles in the Castle of Glammis in Angus.

[ 1041] 16. Duncan, Son of Grime, succeeded Malcolme II. Malcolme had no Issue Male, but two Daughters; Beatrix, Married to one Crine a Nobleman, Thane of the West-Islands, and Ruler or President over the rest of the Thanes, whom that Age called A-Thane. Doaca the other Daughter married the Thane of Angus, of whom he be∣gat Macbeth: So Buchanan. And Duncan had by the Daughter of Siward the Great, Earl of Northumberland, two Sons; Malcolme Cammoir, and Donald sirnamed Ban, that is, White.

[ 1048] 17. Macbeth, Grandson to Malcolme II. by Doaca his Daughter.

18. Malcolme III. sirnamed Cammoir, that is, Great-Head, Son of Duncan. He enjoyed Cumberland and Westmorland, with the Dominion of Scotland; and married Marga∣ret the Sister of Edgar Atheling (Right Heir to the Crown of England, but kept out by William the Conqueror) by whom he had Issue six Sons, Edward, Edgar, Alexan∣der, David, Edmund, and Ethelred. These two last were driven into England by Donwald their Uncle, and died in Banishment, saith Buchanan. Malcolme had also two Daughters, Maud Wife to Henry the First, King of England, and Mary another Daughter of Malcolme, married to Eustace Earl of Boloine. Ordericus, pag. 702. Bu∣chanan, pag. 215.

This Malcolme, with Edward his eldest Son, was slain by Morell, or Morkell, an Officer under Robert de Moulbray Earl of Northumberland, the 13 day of November, 1093. near the River Alne in Northumberland. Roger Hoveden, pag. 463, 464. as he was coming home peaceably towards Scotland. Ordericus vitalis, lib. 8. pag. 701, 702.

[ 1093] 19. Donald IV. sirnamed Ban, Brother to Malcolme, was beaten out of Scotland by Duncan II. after that he had Reigned six Months.

[ 1094] 20. Duncan II. base Son of Malcolme III. set up by the Scots, and murthered by Mac∣pendirus Earl of Merne. Buchanan.

[ 1095] 21. Edgar, Son of Malcolme III. by the help of William Rufus King of England, reco∣vered Scotland; which Forces were procured by the Mediation of Edgar Atheling his Uncle. Hoveden, pag. 466. He built an Abbey at Coldingham, consecrated to Ebba the Virgin* 1.2, afterward translated into the Name of Cutbert: But Edgar died without Issue, Anno 1107. 6 Idus Januarii. Buchanan, pag. 216. Matt. Paris, pag. 63. Hoveden, pag. 471. sub Anno 1108.

[ 1107] 22. Alexander, Brother of Edgar, was sirnamed Acer, or The Fierce. He built the Tem∣ple of St. Michael at Scone, and also a Temple in honour of Columbus, in the Isle of

Aemona. He married Sibilla Daughter of William the Conqueror, but left no Children by her: So Buchanan. But the Conqueror had no such Daughter, that I can find, ei∣ther in Ordericus or Stowe, who name all his Daughters. She was base Daughter of Henry the First. Ordericus, pag. 702.

[Ann. Dom. 1124] 23. David, Brother of Alexander, married Maude Daughter of Waltheof Earl of Nor∣thumberland, and Widow of Simon Seintliz Earl of Northampton and Huntington. Vincent upon Brooke, pag. 367. By which Marriage he had the Counties of Northum∣berland and Huntington in England; and by her had Issue Henry a Son, who married Ada Sister of William Warren Earl of Surrey in England, and half Sister by the Mo∣ther to Walleran Earl of Mellent in France, and to Robert sirnamed Bossue, Earl of Leycester in England. Simon Dunelmensis, sub Anno 1139. pag. 265.

Henry had Issue by Ada, Malcolme, William Earl of Northumberland, David Earl of Carricht in Scotland, and of Huntington in England; also Maude a Daughter: But this Prince Henry died before his Father, Anno Domini 1152. and Maude his Daugh∣ter also.

Anno Domini 1153. nono Calendas Junii, died David King of Scotland. Hoveden, pag. 490.

[ 1153] 24. Malcolme IV. Son of Henry, and Grandson to David, a Child of the Age of twelve Years, succeeded King. He resigned Northumberland to King Henry the Second of England; Cumberland and Huntington being left to Malcolme. Buchanan. He died without Issue, nono die Decembris, 1165. in the 25 Year of his Age, and 12 Year of his Reign, and a little more. Buchanan & Hoveden, pag. 496.

[ 1165] 25. William, Brother to Malcolme, fetched Northumberland back again. He married Ermengard Daughter of Richard Viscount de Beaumont, Cosin to Henry the Second, King of England, scilicet Anno 1186. Hoveden. And in Anno 1174. this William was taken Prisoner at Alnwick by Robert Stutevile Sheriff of York, William de Vescy, Randle Glanvill, Bernard Baliol, and others. Hoveden, pag. 538, 539. Henry King of England restored unto him the Earldom of Huntington, 1184. upon the death of Simon de Seintliz then Earl thereof; and King William immediately conferred it on David his younger Brother. Hoveden, pag. 622. William did Homage to John King of England, for his Lands in England, at Lincoln, Anno 1200. Hoveden & Bu∣chanan. Fecit homagium de omni Jure suo, and after swore Fealty to him. Matth. Paris, pag. 204.

King William died Anno 1214. aged 74 Years, Annoque Regni 49. Buchanan. He had a Son by Ermengard, called Alexander, born Anno 1199. and another Son kill'd in his Infancy, with his Nurse, by an Inundation. Buchanan, pag. 232. He had al∣so two Daughters, Margaret, and Isabel, promised to the two Sons of King John when they should be marriageable. Hollinshed. But one of these Daughters after∣ward married the Earl of Flanders, 1210. Knighton, pag. 2420.

[ 1214] 26. Alexander II. Son of William, married Joan Sister to Henry the Third, King of England, 1221. Matt. Paris, pag. 313. He demands Northumberland, which King John promised him in Marriage with Joan his Daughter. Matt. Paris, pag. 432. He denieth that he holdeth any part of the Kingdom of Scotland from the Kings of England; or that he either would, or ought so to hold it: This was Anno 1244. Joan his Queen dying in England, Anno 1236. was buried in London: And soon af∣ter (for yet he had no Children) he married Mary Daughter of Ingelram de Cuscy a Frenchman, Anno 1239. by whom he had Issue Alexander a Son, who succeeded his Father. Buchanan, and Matt. Paris, pag. 638.

Anno 1244. he makes a League with the King of England his Brother-in-Law, wherein he acknowledgeth the King of England his Leige-Lord. See the Charter in Matt. Paris, pag. 646.

This Alexander the Second died Anno 1249. Anno aetatis 51. Annoque Regni 35. Buchanan, and Matt. Paris, pag. 771.

[ 1249] 27. Alexander III. Son of Alexander II. Crowned at Scone; a Child not above eight Years old. He was Knighted at York by Henry the Third, Anno 1251. on Christmas

day; and the day after he married Margaret Daughter of the said King Henry. Mat. Paris, pag. 829. also Buchanan. He did Homage to the King of England at that time, for the Lands which he had in England; but refused to do Homage for Scot∣land, when it was tendred him according to the Custom of his Predecessors, by the Testimony of Ancient Chronicles.

Robert Abbot of Fermelinodunum, Chancellor to the King of Scotland, was accused for Legitimating the Wife of Alan Durovart, Bastard-daughter of Alexander the Second, that so, if the King should now die without Issue, she might succeed as Heir. Buchanan.

Henry King of England created this Alexander Earl of Huntington by Charter, Anno 1256. to hold as freely, as any of his Predecessors ever held the same. Matt. Paris, pag. 931.

This Alexander overcame Acho King of Norwey in Battel, 1263. and took the Isle of Man, and all the Western Isles. Buchanan. He promised his Daughter Marga∣ret, yet but four Years old, to Hangonan (Son of Magnus) King of Norwey, to be his Wife when she was marriageable; which it seems was performed afterwards: for she had Issue by him a Daughter, called also Margaret, who died young, about Anno 1291.

Alexander in few Years being deprived of his Wife and all his Children, did after marry Iolet Daughter of the Earl of Dreux [Comitis Druidum]; but I find not that he had any Children by her: for soon after, within a Year, to wit, 14 Calen∣das Aprilis, Anno 1285. he was killed by a fall from his Horse, not far from Kingorne, aged 45 Years, Annoque Regni 37. Buchanan.

{fleur-de-lys} Now Walsingham tells us, Hist. Edw. 1. pag. 54. That Alexander (the Son of this King Alexander the Third) died in his Father's life time: And Buchanan saith, That the young Alexander married the Earl of Flanders's Daughter; and that Alexander the Third had another Son called David, and a Daughter called Margaret; but all died before the King: So that now great strife did arise who should succeed King of Scotland. Onely give me leave to observe here, how Walsingham saith, That the Daughter of the Earl of Flanders was second Wife of King Alexander the Third: Wherein I believe he is mistaken; for, according to Buchanan, she was the Wife of young Alexander his Son, who died before his Father.

Here was now an Interregnum of six Years and nine Months, in which time there were twelve Competitors to the Crown of Scotland, who lay down their Claims in the Competition-Roll in the Tower, mentioned by Vincent upon Brooke, Title Hun∣tington, pag. 253, &c. Which, for brevity, I shall give you here, in a short Pedegree of the Kings of Scotland.

• ...Malcolme III. sirnamed Cammoir, King of Scotland, slain 1093. * 1.3 — Margàret Sister to Edgar Atheling. * 1.4
  • 1 Edward, el∣dest Son, slain with his Father, 1093.
  • 2 Edgar King of Scotland, died with∣out Issue, 1107.
  • 3 Alexander, also King, 1107. O∣biit sine prole, 1124.
    • Melcofus, a ba∣stard. Orderi∣cus, pag. 702.
  • 4 David, also King, 1124 Obiit 1153 — Maud, Daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northumber∣land.
    • Another Son, the eldest, kill'd by a Varlet in his Nurses arms. Ordericus, pag. 702.
    • Henry Prince of Scotland, died before his Father, viz. Anno 1152. — Ada, Sister to the third William Earl Warren and Surrey, 1139.
      • Margaret, married to Conan Earl of Little-Brettain; af∣ter to Bohuis. She died 1201. Hoveden, p. 822.
      • 1 Malcolme IV. Obiit sine prole, 1165.
      • 2 William King of Scotland, died 1214. — Ermengard, Daugh∣ter of Richard Vis∣count Beaumont, 1186.
        • 2 Henry.
          • Patrick de Galightly, one of the Competi∣tors.
        • 1 Alexander II. King of Scot∣land. Obiit 1249. — Joan, Sister to H 3. King of England, 1221.
          • Alexander III. King of Scot∣land, killed by a fall from his Horse, A. 1285. — Margaret, Daughter of Hen. 3. King of England, 1251.
            • David Son of Alexander III. died before his Father without Issue.
            • Alexander married the Daughter of the Earl of Flanders; but he died before his Father, leaving no Issue.
            • Margaret Wife of the King of Norwey.
              • Margaret, a Daughter, died young, without Issue, about 1291.* 1.5
        • Isabel, Wife of Roger le Bigot Earl Marshal; no Issue: But she marri∣ed Robert Lord Roos, first Hus.
          • William L. Roos, ano∣ther Com∣petitor.
        • Margaret Wife of Hubert de Burgo Earl of Kent, 1221. M. Paris.
          • Margaret Wife of Richard de Clare: No Is∣sue.
        • Margerita Wife unto Eustace de Vescy
          • ...William de Vescy
            • 1 John sine prole.
            • 2 William Ves∣cy, another Competi∣tor. 1291.
        • Ada, Wife of Patrick de Dun∣barre. — Patrick.
          • Patric E. of Dun∣bar, ano∣ther Com∣petitor. 1291.
        • Austrio, or Aufrica, Wife of William de Say of Ʋlster.
          • A quo Roger de Mandevil, another Com∣petitor.
      • 3 David Earl of Hunting∣ton, 1184. — Maud, eldest Sister to Randle Blunde∣vil Earl of Chester, and a Coheir.
        • 1 Margaret, eldest daughter of David Earl of Hunt∣ington, was Second wife to Alan de Galloway, Constable of Scotland.
          • Dervergoile, married to John Baliol of Bernards Castle in the Bishoprick of Durham, the Founder of Baliol-College in Oxford. He died Anno 1269. aut paulo ante.
            • 1 Hugh Baliol, Son and Heir. Obiit sine prole. Balio-fergus, pag. 2.
            • 2 Alan, second Son. Obiit sine prole.
            • 3 Alexander, third Son. Obiit sine prole.
            • 4 John Baliol, another Competitor, who was adjudged King of Scotland by the Award of King Edward the First, Anno 1292.
          • Thomas died with∣out Issue.
          • Christian, eldest Daughter, died without Issue.
        • 2 Isabel marri∣ed Robert de Bruse. — Ro. de Bruse Lord of A∣nandale, ano∣ther Compe∣titor. 1291.
        • 3 Maud died without Is∣sue.
        • 4 Ada mar∣ried Henry Hastings. * 1.6
          • John Hastings Lord of Ber∣guenny, ano∣ther Compe∣titor. 1291.
        • 1 Henry di∣ed young.
        • 2 David di∣ed young.
        • 3 John Scot Earl of Chester, marri∣ed Hellen, Daughter of Lhewellyn Prince of North-Wales.* 1.7
      • Ada Wife of Florence Earl of Holland. She died 1208. Hist. of the Netherlands, p. 16.
        • ...Florence.
        • ...William.
        • Florence, a Competitor to the Crown of Scotland; An Do. 1291. Pryn's Hist. p. 513.
    • 1 Claricia.
    • 2 Hodierna.* 1.8
  • 5 & 6 Edmund, and Ethelred, ba∣nisht by their Uncle Don∣wald.
  • 1 Edith, af∣ter called Maude, uxor H. 1. Regis An∣gliae.
  • 2 Mary, wife of Eustace, Comitis Bo∣loniae.

Quare, Whether Margaret Wife of Hubert de Burgo, were not the Widow of Eustace Vescy; for Eustace died 1216. Mat Paris

{fleur-de-lys} See the Claims of the Competitors to the Crown of Scotland, Anno Domini 1291. from the Record it self, set down in Pryn's History of King John, Hen. 3. and Edw. 1. pag. 513, 514, &c.

{fleur-de-lys} See the Record in Pryn's History of K. John, H. 3. & Edw. 1. Pa. 515, 516.

28. John Balioll, Son of John Balioll of Bernards-Castell in the Bishoprick of Durham, [ 1292] after the Interregnum of six Years and nine Months, was by Edward the First ad∣judged right Heir to the Crown of Scotland, and was thereupon Crowned King at Scone on St. Andrew's Day, being the last of November, in the Year of Christ 1292. and presently after he came to Newcastle upon Tyne, and did Homage to the King of England there, and acknowledged King Edward to be his Liege Lord of all the King∣dom of Scotland, to be held hereditarily of the Kings of England. Walsingham's Hypo∣digma Neustriae, pag. 480.

For Edward the First, King of England, being appointed Judge of the Right to the Crown of Scotland, by consent of all the Competitors (of whom onely the Que∣stion was moved between John Balioll and Robert Bruse, for all the rest of the Com∣petitors were excluded as inferior Titles) gave Sentence for John Balioll by the com∣mon Assent, who was Descended from the eldest Daughter of David Earl of Huntington, Brother of William King of Scotland, and Bruse from the younger Daugh∣ter; where by the way I must note Walsingham's Book misprinted, which calleth David here mentioned King of Scotland, for Brother of the King of Scotland.

Anno 1295. this John Balioll desired to Marry Edward Balioll his Son, unto Joan, Daughter of Charles, Brother to the King of France, promising his Aid against the King of England. And in Anno 1296. the Scots Besiege Carlisle; King Edward sub∣dues the Scots, and makes them swear Fealty to him, takes John Balioll, King of Scotland, Prisoner, and leaves John Warren, Earl of Surrey, Protector of Scotland, and Hugh Cressingham, Treasurer, and William de Ormesby, Justice, and so returns to Lon∣don. Walsingham.

29. Robert Bruse was Crowned King of Scotland at Scone, in April 1306. [ 1306] He was Son of Robert Bruse, Lord of Annansdale, Competitor with John Balioll, in Right of Isabell his Mother, the second Daughter, though a Degree nearer than Balioll to the decea∣sed King, and Son of the second Daughter, whereas Balioll was Descended of the el∣dest Sister, but of a Daughter of that Sister; which Robert Bruse the Father, released his Title to this Robert Bruse his Son, then Earl of Carrick, but now King of Scotland, Dated at Barwick, die Veneris in Crastino Sancti Leonardi (the seventh of November) Anno Gratiae 1292. Vincent upon Brook, pag. 255. but it being adjudged to Balioll, he seeks to get it by force, and was Crown'd 1306. confirmed therein by the great Defeat given to Edward the Second's Forces at Banocksburn, not far from Sterling.

{fleur-de-lys} One Hamilton flying from the English Court to this King Robert (who gave him Lands juxta Glottam Fluvium) his Postetity afterward came to be ranked among the Nobility of Scotland, and the House and Land which the King gave him, was called Hamilton. This was the original of the Hamiltons in Scotland. Buchanan, lib. 8. pag. 271, 272.

Anno 1318. Edward Bruse, Brother to this King Robert, was taken Prisoner and Beheaded at Dundalk: He had infested Ireland three Years, and caused himself to be Crowned King thereof. Walsingham, pag. 111.

This King Robert Married to his first Wife, Isabel, Daughter of Donald, of whom he begot Marjory, Mother of Robert Stewart, afterwards King of Scotland. Cambden's Britannia, pag. 713.

Robert Bruse died the ninth of July 1329. Anno Regni 24. Buchanan, pag. 280. But Walsingham, pag. 129. saith—Anno 1328, Hoc anno Robertus Bruis Rex Scotiae, leprâ percussus obiit, 7 Idus Junii, not Julii. The Scots then chose Thomas Randulf Earl of Murray, Protector of David Bruse (Son of Robert) a Child about eight Years old. Randulf died 1331, 13 Calendas Augusti; and Duncan Earl of Marre was then chosen Protector of Scotland.

30. Edward Balioll, Son of John Balioll, King, entred Scotland with an Army, [ 1332] and was so prosperous, that he was Crowned at Scone, 8 Calendas Septembris 1332. Bucha∣nan, pag. 285. But Walsingham saith he was Crowned 5 Calendas Octobris, that is the 27. of September.

31. David Bruse, Son of King Robert Bruse, called David II. [ 1336] He was restored to his Fa∣ther's

Throne by the Power of the Scots. He Married Jane, Sister to King Edward the Third, at Barwick, 18 Julii 1329. She died in England 1357. and he died at Edenborough, 7 Maii 1370. anno aetatis 47, annoque Regni propè 39, leaving no Issue. Buchanan. For he was Crowned 1330, 23 Novembris: So that this was a tumultu∣ous Age in Scotland.

* 1.932. Robert II. of the Family of the Stewarts, King of Scotland, by Descent from the el∣dest Sister of David Bruse. He Married Euphemia, Daughter of Hugh Earl of Rosse, and by her had Issue Walter, Earl of Athol, and David, Comes Ierniae; which David had onely one Daughter, Married to Patrick Gramus. Buchanan, pag. 353. also Eu∣phemia a Daughter, Married to James Duglas. Euphemia the Queen died 1373. Bu∣chanan, pag. 307. Soon after he Married Elizabeth Moor, Daughter of Sir Adam Moor, his old Concubine, of whom he had formerly begot three Sons, and two Daughters, and had placed her to be kept with with one Giffard, a Nobleman of Lothaine, whom he Married, to make those Children legitimate; John the eldest he made Earl of Carrict, Robert he made Earl of Mentith and Fife, and Alexander he made Earl of Buqhan, who had a Bastard called also Alexander, Earl of Marre. Cambden's Britan∣nia, pag. 713.

This Robert II. died Anno 1390. about the thirteenth of the Calends of May, aged 74 Years, and having Reigned 19 Years and 24 Days. Buchanan, lib. 9. pag. 323.

* 1.10Of the original of the Family of Stewart in Scotland there is a Fable mentioned by Dr. Heylin, in his Cosmography, pag. 336, which you may read there at large: The sum of the truth (if yet it be a Truth) is this: In the days of Malcolme Cammoir, King of Scotland, about Anno 1090, one Walter (Son of Fleanch, Son of Bancho) was sent by the King against the Gallowidians in Scotland, who slew their Commander, and so quelled the Rebellion: The King upon his Return, for his good Service made him Stewart of Scotland, an Office of Collecting all the King's Revenues. In for∣mer Times such were called Thanes: And the Thanes of Countreys in many Pla∣ces are now called Stewarts, the English Speech overspreading that Countrey, Et qui illis erat ab Thanus, nunc Stuartus Scotiae nominatur. And from this Walter the Family of the Stewarts took their Name and Original, who have for a long time flourished in Scotland. Thus Buchanan, Rerum Scoticarum, lib. 7. pag. 212.

But Powel on the Welsh History, pag. 97. tells us, That the said Fleanch, a Noble∣man of Scotland, fled for safety to Griffith ap Lhewellyn, Prince of Wales, where he fell in Love with Griffith's Daughter (whose Name I find to be Nest,) and got her with Child: whereupon Griffith caused Fleanch to be killed. At last she was Delivered of a Son called Walter, who went into Scotland, and at last became Stewart of Scotland, as is above rehearsed.

[ 1390] 33. Robert III. Son of Robert II. whose right Name was John, but changed into Robert after his coming to the Crown: He was Crowned the Ides of August 1390. Bucha∣nan, lib. 10. pag. 324. sub initio. He Married Annabill, Daughter of Sir John Drom∣mond of Stobhall, Knight, and had Issue two Sons, David and James; David died in Falkland, famished (saith Buchanan) by his perfidious Uncle, Robert Earl of Fife, and Governor of Scotland, Anno 1401. This David had before betrothed Elizabeth, Daughter of George Earl of Narne, Pag. 326.

Robert III. was buried the first of April 1406. annoque Regni 16. Buchanan, lib. 10. pag. 333. He died for grief that James his young Son was taken and kept Pri∣soner by the King of England. At a Parliament at Perth, Anno Dom. 1399. this King Robert created his Son David (then aged 18 Years) Duke of Rothsay; and Ro∣bert Earl of Fife was made Duke of Albany. These were the first Dukes of Scot∣land.

[ 1406] 34. James I. Son of Robert III. was taken upon the Seas going for France, and brought to the King of England a little before his Father's death, where he was kept Prisoner 18 Years, and then set free in February 1423. and Crowned in Scotland the 21 of April following. He Married Jane, Daughter of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset in England, 1423. Stow; and had two Sons Twins, Alezander and James; Alexander

died young, and James succeeded King, born the fourteenth of October 1430. Bu∣chanan, pag. 347. also six Daughters; Margaret, one Daughter, Contracted to Lewis, Son of Charles the Seventh, King of France, 1425. Buchanan, pag. 342.

James the First died in the beginning of the Year 1437. aged 44 Years, and Reigned 13 Years. Buchanan, pag. 361.

35. James II. Son of James the First, scarce seven Years old, [ 1437] Crowned King at Eden∣borough in Caenobio Sanctae Crucis, about the sixth of the Calends of April, 1437. Bu∣chanan, pag. 362. Alexander Leviston made Protector, and William Crihton Lord Chancellor.

He Married Mary, Daughter of Arnold Duke of Gelderland, Anno 1448. Hollin∣shed calleth her Margaret, pag. 248. and had Issue by her three Sons and two Daugh∣ters; James the eldest. Alexander the second Son, Duke of Albany, Married the Earl of Orkney's Daughter, and got on her Alexander Bishop of Murray; and then parting with her, went into France, and Married the Countess of Boloigne, by whom he had Sir John Steward, Duke of Albany, Governor of Scotland many Years in the Minority of James the Fifth. The third Son was John Stewart, Earl of Marre. Mary the elder Daughter Married the Lord Boyd, and after to James Lord Hamilton. Bu∣chanan, pag. 420. So was the Blood Royal mingled with the Family of Hamilton. The younger Daughter Married the Lord Crihton. Hollinshed, pag. 248.

James the Second was slain at the Siege of Roxborough Castle, 1460. Anno aetatis 29, & Regni 23. Buchanan, lib. 11. ad finem pag. 399.

36. James III. Son of James the Second, Married Margaret, Daughter of Christiern, [ 1460] King of Denmark, Anno 1470. Buchanan, lib. 12. pag. 420. of whom he begat a Son called James, born in March, Anno 1473. Christern, King of Denmark, released unto this James all his Right to the Isles of Orcades, in favour of his Daughter.

James the Third was slain by his own rebellious Subjects in Battel, Anno Christi 1488. Regni 28. aetatis 35. Buchanan, lib. 12. the last words, pag. 440.

37. James IV. Son of James the Third, Married Margaret, [ 1488] Daughter of Henry the Seventh, King of England, Anno 1501. Buchanan, pag. 454. But Stow saith she was Betrothed 1502. and Married at Edenborough the eighth of August, Anno 1503. and had Issue James, Arthur, Alexander, and a Daughter, which last three died all young. Speed's Hist. pag. 763.

James the Fourth was slain at the Battel of Floden-Field, fought between the Eng∣lish and the Scotch on the ninth of September 1513. Anno Regni 25. aetatis 40. in the flower of his Youth, Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, being then General of the Eng∣lish Forces.

Queen Margaret afterwards Married Archibald Duglas, Earl of Angus, Anno 1514. unto whom she bore Margaret a Daughter, afterwards Married to Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox.

In this King's Reign, about Anno 1490. was born in Scotland, a Man-child from the Navel downward, and two Men upward; he lived 28 Years, and learned Mu∣sick and Languages; he had two distinct Wills, one part oftentimes falling out with the other. Buchanan, Hist. Scot. lib. 13. pag. 444.

38. James V. Son of James the Fourth, Married Mary, [ 1513] Daughter of the Duke of Guise, and Dutchess of Longevil, then Widow to the Duke of Longevil, Married at St. Andrews, in July 1538. by whom he had Issue two Sons, who died Infants, and Mary a Daughter, sole Heir to the Crown of Scotland. He had a former Wife na∣med Magdalene, Daughter to the King of France; but she had no Issue: for she was Married on New-years-day 1536. and died the seventh of July 1537.

James the Fifth died the thirteenth of December 1542. aged 33 Years, and in the thirtieth of his Reign. He had a base Son called James, commonly styled Prior of St. Andrews; who was first made Earl of Marre, and after of Murray. Cambden's An∣nals of Eliz. in Latine, pag. 112.

39. Mary, Queen of Scots, Daughter and sole Heir of James the Fifth, [ 1542] was but eight days old when her Father died, James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, being made Protector.

She was desired in Marriage for Edward the Sixth, King of England; but the Fa∣ction of Lennox, supported by the French King, prevailed so, that the Queen Mo∣ther sent her at six Years of Age to the French King, and to the Duke of Guise, for Breeding. In the end she was Married to Francis the Dolphin of France, whose Nup∣tials were celebrated at Paris with great Pomp, the 28. of April, Anno 1558. God∣win's Annals: But the Dolphin died Anno 1560. not fully 18 Years old, leaving no Issue by her. Cambden's Annals.

Afterwards Queen Mary Married Henry Stewart, Lord Darley, Son of Matthew Stew∣art, Earl of Lennox, in Anno 1565. and by him had Issue her onely Son, born in June 1566. called James.

But this Henry Lord Darley, about a Month or two after the Christening of the young Prince of Scotland, was Strangled in his Bed, in the dead time of the Night, and thrown out into an Orchard (the House being blown up with Gunpowder) Anno 1566. in the one and twentieth Year of his Age. The common Report was, that this detestable Fact was caused by Morton and Murray. So Cambden in his Annals.

Afterwards the Queen Married the Earl Bothwel, now made Duke of Orkney, Anno 1567. whereunto the Lords implored the Queen. The Scots rebell; Bothwel and the Queen were worsted; Bothwel flies, and the Queen is taken Prisoner. Queen Mary is forced to resign her Crown to her young Son, scarce 13 Months old, Anno 1567. The Earl of Murray is made Regent the twentieth of August. The Queen escapes out of Prison, and flies into England, and after 18 Years Imprison∣ment in England, she is accused of High-Treason against Queen Elizabeth, for con∣spiring her Death, and inviting foreign Forces to Invade England; of which she was Arraigned, Convicted, and Sentenced to die, and afterwards Beheaded at Fother∣ingay Castle in Northamptonshire, on Wednesday the eighth of February, Anno 1586. aged 46 Years, or rather in the 45. Year of her Age. Sanderson in the Life of Queen Mary.

Bothwel wandring up and down, at last came to Naples, where he lived, and died very poor about the Year 1624.

[ 1567] 40. James VI. Son of Henry Stewart Lord Darley, and Queen Mary, was Crowned King of Scotland, quarto Calendas Augusti 1567. Buchanan, pag. 669. and Cambden's Annals. He Married Anne, Daughter of Frederick the Second, King of Denmark, Anno 1589. by whom he had Issue Prince Henry, born at Sterling in Scotland the nineteenth of February 1593. who died at St. Jame's House in London, the sixth of No∣vember 1612. Charles the second Son, born at Dunferne in Scotland, the nineteenth of November, Anno 1600. he was King of Great Britain after his Father. The Lady Elizabeth, born the sixteenth of August 1596. She Married Frederick, Prince Elector Palatine of Germany, in February 1612. afterwards King of Bohemia 1619. and also two other Daughters by Queen Anne, born in England, the Lady Mary, and the Lady Sophia; but these both died young.

[ 1602] This James the Sixth, upon the death of Queen Elizabeth, was Proclaimed the next undoubted Heir to the Crown of England, in London, March 24. being Thursday, which was the last Day of the Year 1602. according to the Computation of the Church of England, as lineally Descended from Margaret, eldest Daughter of Henry the Seventh, King of England; so that in the thirty sixth Year of his Reign over Scotland, and the thirty seventh of his Age, he was now Proclaimed King of Great Britain and Ireland. Thus were the Crowns of England and Scotland united in this King James, whose continual Jars had spilt formerly an infinite deal of Blood, both of the Scotch and English.

{fleur-de-lys} He was the first Monarch of all Great Britain, and first used the Title of King of Great Britain and Ireland, in all Instruments of State and Writings; which his Successors have ever since retained, sometimes in Records mentioning them in particular thus—King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.

Two great Deliverances had this King by the assistance of the King of Kings: One from the treasonable Conspiracy of Earl Gowry, before he was King of England; the principal Actors were John Ruthen, Earl of Gowry in Scotland, and Alexander Ruthen his Brother, Andrew Henderson, and John Cranston, Plotted in revenge of the Death of William Ruthen, Earl Gowry, Father of the said John; which William for his Rebellion at Dundee, suffered deservedly at Sterling, Anno 1584. [ 1600] The manner of the Conspi∣racy was thus: John Earl Gowry sends Alexander his Brother, from his House at St. Johnstons in Scotland, August the fourth, Anno 1600. to the King, then at Falkland, to entice the King thither as privately as might be; he tells the King, there was a Man taken with much Gold Coin and suspicious Letters, now at his Brothers House at St. Johnstons, desiring the King to come thither to Examine the Man with all speed and privacy. The King promiseth to be there the next day at Noon, and to do it whiles his Noblemen and Train should be at Dinner. Alexander sends Henderson to his Brother John Earl Gowry with all speed, to advertise him of the King's coming. The next day, being the fifth of August, the King came; and towards the end of his Dinner Alexander desires the King to dispatch the Business: The King arising from the Table, Alexander leads him through four or five Rooms, locking each Door after him, till he came into the round Chamber, where Henderson stood Armed; Alexander pluck∣ing out Henderson's Dagger, points it to the King's Breast, saying, You must die; for my Father's Blood calls for vengeance. The King deals gently with his Fury, and worked so upon him with words, that Alexander left him, and went to his Brother, leaving Henderson with the King, who trembled at the Reverence of his Soveraign. The King asked Henderson whether he would kill him? to whom Henderson replied, Not for a World. By and by Alexander comes again with a Garter in his Hand, swearing that the King should die; and then endeavoring to bind the King, the King and Alexander strugling together, the King dragged him to the Window, holding him fast, as he could not stir; the King cried out Treason into a back Court; they hasten up, and John Ramsey (formerly the King's Page) forced the Door at a back Way, and finding the King and Alexander panting (for the King having closed with him, never let loose his hold) the King bid Ramsey strike low; whereupon Ramsey wounds Alexander mortally in the Belly with his Faucheon; then came others into the Room: They cast the King's Coat upon the dead Body, advising the King to withdraw into another Room. Presently enters John Earl Gowry with a Case of Rapiers ready drawn, with seven Servants; then seeing the King's Coat on the dead Body, supposed the King was slain, and let fall the Points of his Weapons; and suddenly Herres assails him with his rusty Sword, and Ramsey stepping in, strikes the Earl to the Heart. Thus was the King delivered by the Providence of God, August the fifth 1600, and Ramsey was Knighted for his Service, and had an addition given him to his Coat of Arms, to wit, of a Hand holding forth a Dagger, mounted proper, and piercing a bloody Heart, with this Motto—Haec Dextra vindex Principis & Patriae, and after had other Honors con∣ferred upon him.

The other miraculous Deliverance was from the most bloody Plot of the Papists, commonly called The Gunpowder Treason, which should have been executed the fifth day of November, Anno 1605. in the third Year after he was King of England; in me∣mory of which Deliverance we have now a Form of Thanksgiving in our Common-Prayer-Book, to be used yearly on the fifth of November, and a Statute made 3 Jacobi cap. 1. for keeping that Day Holy-day, to be set apart yearly for a Thanksgiving to God for this great Deliverance, which ought never to be forgotten, but to be Recorded to all Posterity; and the manner was thus:

A little before the beginning of that Parliament at Westminster, some Welwiller to William Parker, Lord Monteagle, sends him a Letter, to advise him to shift off his At∣tendance this Parliament, as he tendred his Life; —For though there be no appearance of any Stir, yet they shall receive a terrible Blow this Parliament, and yet shall not see who hurts them, &c.

This Letter was given by an unknown Fellow, to a Footman of the Lord Monteagles,

with a charge to give it to his Lord's own Hands; which having neither Date nor Subscription, the Lord Monteagle (not knowing what to make of it) brings it to the Earl of Salisbury, then Secretary of State: But the King not being then in Town, the Secretary shews it to the Earl of Suffolk, and others; and upon the King's coming back on the Thursday following, Salisbury shews it to the King, who, as it were by Divine Instinct, conceived the Letter ought not to be contemned, and judged the words of the Letter to be meant of Gunpowder: But upon the meeting of the Council, order was given for the searching of all Rooms about the Parliament-House by the Lord Cham∣berlain; where a Vault was found under the Lords House stuffed with Wood and Coals; which Room was hired by Mr. Thomas Percy, a violent Papist, Kinsman to the Earl of Northumberland: But the care of a farther Search being committed to Sir Tho∣mas Knevet, a Justice of Peace for Westminster, who the Night before the Parliament was to sit, about twelve of the Clock in the Night, with competent Assistance with him, seized one Guido Faux, calling himself John Johnson, and Percy's Man, at the Door of the Lodgings, ready Booted and Dressed so late; and searching the Vault by removing some Billets, they found 36 Barrels of Powder, and in Faux's Pockets three Matches, a dark Lantern, and other Implements, nay, a Watch wherewith to tell the Minutes for Execution: All which he confessed upon his Examination. There were other Contrivers of the Plot, Thomas Winter, Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Robert Winter. Concerning which Plot, and the Con∣fessions of the Parties in their Examinations before the Privy Council, King James himself took pains to note it; which you may find amongst his Works in Print.

* 1.11This King James (as my Lord Bacon observes in his Advancement of Learning, pag. 2.) was the most Learned Temporal Monarch since Christ's time, in all Literature, Divine and Humane. He died at Theobalds on Sunday Morning the 27. of March 1625. in the 59. Year of his Age, and in the 58. of his Reign over Scotland, and having Reigned 22 Years compleat over England: whose Son Charles I. ascended his Father's Throne, and was the second Monarch of all Great Britain and Ireland; whose Subjects, as well of England as Scotland, are the most rebellious People in the World, ever Factious, and perfidious towards their Prince. See the rest in England.

So much of Scotland, the Revenues of which Kingdom Boterus estimateth at 100000 Crowns, or 30000 l. Sterling. Dr. Heylin's Cosmography, pag. 338.

A Table of the chief Battels between the English and the Scots, since the Norman Conquest.

* 1.12AT Conton or Couton in Yorkshire, about four Miles from Alverton, August 22. 1139. where were slain above 10000 Scots, by Thurstan, Archbishop of York. Stow. This is commonly called Standard-Field. Mat. Paris puts it Anno 1138. and onely among the Horsemen of the English of any note, the Brother of Gilbert Lacy was found slain.

* 1.13At Alnwick in Northumberland, July 7. 1174. where William King of Scotland was taken Prisoner by Robert de Stotevil, Rafe Mandevil, Bernard Baliol, and William Vescy.

* 1.14At Barwick the English slew 25000 Scots, and did win Barwick and Dunbar, and conquered Edenborough, where Edward the first found the Regal Ensigns of Scotland. In his Return he called a Parliament at Barwick, where he received the Homages and Fealty of the Nobility of Scotland. Stow.

* 1.15At Flowkirk in Scotland, July 22. 1298. where were slain more than 20000 Scots. Stow.

* 1.16At Sterling in Scotland, June 24. 1313. where the English were beaten. Walsingham and Stow. Buchanan, pag. 264, 265, saith there fell 200 of the Nobility of England, or

thereabout, and near as many more of the Nobility taken Prisoners, and 50000 com∣mon Soldiers were slain, as some Scots relate; and on the part of the Scots were slain about 4000. and onely two Knights; James Duglas then General of the Scotch Forces.

At a Place by Barwick called Bothul, near Halydown,* 1.17 where were slain on the part of the Scots, 8 Earls, 1300 Horse, and 35000 common Soldiers; and Turnebull the Scotch Champion was overcome in Combat by Sir Robert Nenale, a Norfolk Gentleman. Stow. This is called The Battel of Halydown Hill.

At Durham, the 27. of October 1346.* 1.18 whiles King Edward the Third Besieged Calice in France, David Bruse, King of Scotland, (by the procurement of Philip, King of France) entered Northumberland with an Army of 60000 Men, and pitched near Durham, in a Park called Beverpeir; where the Archbishop of York, the Lord Zouch, Percy, Mow∣bray, and other Lords, and Sir Robert Bertram, Sheriff of Northumberland, with an Army of 30000 Men, met the Scots at Durham, and did beat them. In which Battel John Coupeland took David the King of Scotland Prisoner, with three Scotch Earls. So Wal∣singham. This John Coupeland of Northumberland had 500 l. per annum given him du∣ring his Life, for this Service, and was made a Banneret.

At Otterborn in Northumberland, the Scots under the Command of James Duglas,* 1.19 took Henry Percy the younger, and Rafe his Brother, Prisoners, slew 1100 English, put to flight 30000 more. Stow. This was Fought about the 12. of the Calends of August, 1388. Buchanan saith the two Generals, Henry Percy of the English, and James Duglas of the Scots, singled themselves out from the Army, and Fought apart; and Percy was unhorsed, but the English relieved him; and tells us, that there fell on the English side 1840, and about 1000 wounded, and 1040 taken Prisoners, pag. 319.

At Hallydown, near the Town of Wollar, Sept. 14. 1402. where the English,* 1.20 condu∣cted by Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Henry his Son, took Earl Duglas, the Scotch General, Prisoner, with divers others of the Flower of the Scotch Chivalry. Stow.

At Flodden-Field in Northumberland, September 9. 1513. wherein James IV.* 1.21 King of Scotland, was slain at Bramston on Piperd-Hill. Stow. Wherefore by some this is called Bramston Field; by others, Flodden Field; and though the Day fell to the English, yet there was taken and slain of the English 1500. Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, being then General of the English.

At Solomosse beyond Carlisle, November 24. 1542. where 15000 Scots,* 1.22 under the Command of the Lord Maxwell, were overthrown.

Muscleborough Field in Scotland, Fought September 10. 1547. where Edward Seymour,* 1.23 Duke of Somerset, and Lord Protector, was General of the English Forces: 14000 Scots slain, and 1500 taken Prisoners, and not above 60 English slain. Stow.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Brudeus was Son of Meilo∣con: Orderi∣cus, l 8. p. 702.
• * 1.2

  Anno 1102.
• * 1.3

  See Malcolme's Pedegree in Imag. Histor. by Radulphus de Di ceto. pag 627.
• * 1.4

  Ordericus,pag. 701, 702.
• * 1.5

  Ericus King of Norwey be∣came a Competitor for the Crown of Scotland, on behalf of Margaret his Daughter, now deceased, as Administra∣tor to her, Anno 1292. Wal∣singham's Hist. pag. 58.
• * 1.6

  Knighton, pag. 2431.
• * 1.7

  John died without Issue, Anno 1237. Helen his Widow after married Robert Quency, third Son of Saher de Quency Earl of Winchester.
• * 1.8

  Ordericus, pa. 702.
• * 1.9

  Ann. Dom. 1370.
• * 1.10

  Note.
• * 1.11

  Anno Chr. 1625.
• * 1.12

  Ann. Dom. 1139. 4 Steph.
• * 1.13

  1174. 20 Hen. 2.
• * 1.14

  1296. 24 Ed. 1.
• * 1.15

  1298. 26 Ed. 1.
• * 1.16

  1313. 7 Edw. 2.
• * 1.17

  1332. 6 Edw. 3.
• * 1.18

  1346. 20 Ed. 3.
• * 1.19

  1388. 12 Rich. 2.
• * 1.20

  1402. 3 Hen. 4.
• * 1.21

  1513. 5. Hen. 8.
• * 1.22

  1542. 34 Hen. 8.
• * 1.23

  1547. 1 Edw. 6.