Historical antiquities, in two books the first treating in general of Great-Brettain and Ireland : the second containing particular remarks concerning Cheshire / faithfully collected out of authentick histories, old deeds, records, and evidences, by Sir Peter Leycester, Baronet ; whereunto is annexed a transcript of Doomsday-book, so far as it concerneth Cheshire, taken out of the original record.

CHAP. I.

Of the Description of Scotland, and the Ancient Inhabitants thereof.

I. SCOTLAND is the Northern Part of Great-Brettaine, separa∣ted from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway, and the Cheviot-Hills, extending from the one to the other.

It is of no great Breadth, there being no Place distant from the Sea above 60 Miles; and the Countrey ending like the sharp Point of a Wedge: And the length, measu∣ring in a strait Line from North to South, to wit, from Sol∣way-Frith to the Strait-by-Head, amounteth but to 310 Ita∣lian Miles; and from Barwick to Strait-by-Head, is a great deal shorter. Dr. Heylyn's Cosmography, pag. 330.

II. The whole North part of Brettaine, anciently inhabited by the Picts, was divi∣ded into two Nations, the Dicalidonii, and the Vecturiones. But when the Scots came into those Parts, and were seated there, then did seven Princes divide it into seven Parts, as it is in an Ancient Book concerning the Division of Scotland, in these words following. Cambden's Britannia, pag. 682.

• Prima Pars continebat Enegas & Maern.
• Secunda, Atheol & Gouerin.
• Tertia, Stratheern cùm Meneted.
• Quarta, fuit Fortheuer.
• Quinta, Mar cùm Bughen.
• Sexta, Muref & Ros.
• Septima, Cathenesia, quam Mound Mons medius dividit; qui à Mari Occidentali ad Mare Orientale procurrit.

According to the respect of the People, Scotland is divided into two Parts, the High-land-men, and the Low-land-men. The Low-land-men are more civilized; and use both the Tongue and Habit of the English. The Highlanders more barbarous and cru∣el, like the Wild Irish. The Borderers I exclude out of this Division, as to be recko∣ned among the British People.

According to respect of Places, Scotland is divided into two Parts also; South-Scot∣land on this side the River Tai, and North-Scotland beyond the River Tai; besides ma∣ny circumjacent Islands.

• South-Scotland hath these Countries.
  • ...Tiefidale.
  • ...Merch.
  • ...Lauden.
  • ...Liddesdale.
  • ...Eskedale.
  • ...Annandale.
  • ...Niddesdale.
  • ...Galloway.
  • ...Carrick.
  • ...Kyle.
  • ...Cunningham.
  • ...Arran.
  • ...Cluydsdale.
  • ...Lennox.
  • ...Stirling.
  • ...Fife.
  • ...Stratherne.
  • ...Mentieth.
  • ...Arguyle.
  • ...Cantire.
  • ...Lorn.

• North-Scotland hath these Countries.
  • ...Loquabria.
  • ...Braid Albin.
  • ...Perth.
  • ...Athol.
  • ...Angus.
  • ...Mern.
  • ...Marr.
  • ...Buquhan.
  • ...Murray.
  • ...Ross.
  • ...Sutherland.
  • ...Cathanes.
  • ...Strathnavern.

And these are again divided, for Civil Government, into Sheriffdoms, Stewarties, and Bayleries.

• Sheriffdoms, or Counties.
  • ...Edenborough.
  • ...Lynthiquo.
  • ...Selkirk.
  • ...Roxburgh.
  • ...Peblis.
  • ...Berwick.
  • ...Lanark.
  • ...Kenfrew.
  • ...Dunfreis.
  • ...Wighton.
  • ...Aire.
  • ...Bute.
  • ...Argile & Tarbet.
  • ...Dunbarton.
  • ...Perth.
  • ...Clackmannan.
  • ...Kinros.
  • ...Fife.
  • ...Kincardin.
  • ...Forfair.
  • ...Aberdene.
  • ...Bamf.
  • ...Elgyn.
  • ...Forres.
  • ...Narne.
  • ...Innerness.
  • ...Chromartie.
  • ...Orkney.
  • ...&
  • ...Shetland.

• Stewarties.
  • ...Mentieth.
  • ...Strathern.
  • ...Kircudbricht.
  • ...Annandale.

• Bayleries.
  • 1. Kile.
  • 2. Carrik.
  • 3. Cunningham.

Hadington, A Constableship.

III. The Ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey, dwelling within the Limits of the Roman Province, about Anno Christi 100. according to Cambden de Scotiâ, were,

• The Gadeni
  • ...Tevidale.
  • ...Twedale
  • ...Merch.
  • Lothaine, Latine Lodeneium: The Chief City whereof was Castrum Alatum, now called Edenborough.
• The Damnii
  • ...Cluydsdale,
  • ...Lennox,
  • ...Sterling,
  • ...Mentieth,
  • ...Fife.
  Whose Chief City was Randuara, now called Renfraw, in Cluydsdale.
• The Selgovae
  • ...Liddisdale,
  • ...Eusedale,
  • ...Eskdale,
  • ...Annandsdale,
  • ...Niddisdale.
  Whose Chief Place was Carbantorigum, now Caer∣laverok in Niddisdale. Lindum, now Linlithquo.
• ...

• The Novantes
  • ...Galloway,
  • ...Carricht,
  • ...Kyle,
  • ...Cunningham,
  Whose Principal Places were Leucopibia, now White-Herne; and Berigonium, now Bargeny.

Without the Roman Province, among the Picts, or Barbarous Britons, were,

• ...Caledonii
  • ...Stratherne,
  • ...Argile,
  • ...Cantire,
  • ...Albanie,
  • ...Lorn,
  • ...Perth,
  • ...Angus,
  • ...Fife,
  These Regions the Picts held Anno 605. Cambden's Britannia, pag. 707.
• ...Cantae
  • ...Ross,
  • ...Sutherland.
• ...Cornabii —Strathnavern.
• ...Epibii —Cantirre.
• ...Vernicones, forsàn Vecturiones, à Marcellino.
  • ...Mernis,
  • ...Marr.
• ...Taizali—Buquhan.
• Catini—Catness. The Principal Castle is Girnego.
• ...Vacomagi
  • ...Loqhaber,
  • ...Murray.

IV. As the Bishops of other Parts of the World had no certain Diocesses, before Dionysius Bishop of Rome, about Anno Christi 268. had distributed Diocesses to Bi∣shops; so the Bishops of Scotland executed their Office without distinction, till about Anno 1070. in the time of Malcolme the Third, Diocesses were circumscribed with theit Limits. Cambden's Britannia, pag. 683.

Afterwards, in tract of time, Scotland had two Archbishops; one of St. Andrews, who was Primate of Scotland; the other of Glasco.

To the Archbishop of St. Andrews are substituted these eight Bishopricks;

• ...Dunkeld.
• ...Aberdene.
• ...Murray.
• ...Brichen.
• ...Dumblane.
• ...Ross.
• ...Cathness.
• ...Orkeney.

Under the Archbishop of Glasco are onely three:

• 1. Candida Casa, or Galloway.
• 2. Lismore, or Argile.
• 3. Of the Isles.

Of the Isles, the Isle of Man was the first Cathedral Seat; but by the Invasion of the Norwegians and the English, the same was translated to Ilcomkill. In Man, Am∣phibalus was the first Bishop. After the Translation of the Seat to Ilcomkill, I find onely one Onacus mentioned about the Year 1289. with another called Mauritius, whom Edward I. King of England, sent Prisoner to London. So far to the time of the Reformation. Spotswood's History of the Church of Scotland, pag. 116.