The London practice of physick, or, The whole practical part of Physick contained in the works of Dr. Willis faithfully made English, and printed together for the publick good.

The Practice of PHYSICK, Contained in Dr. WILLIS's TRACT OF THE SCURVY. (Book 4)

CHAP. I.

THE Nature of the Scurvy being so diffused, and extended to so various and such a multi∣plicity of Symptoms, that it cannot be com∣prehended in one only Definition, or scarce in one particular Description, I think it fit in the first place to heap together all the Phaenome∣na of this Disease, or to set forth in full all the chief accidents of it, and then to accommodate some Hypothesis for duely Solving those appearances.

As to the former, to consider the signs of the Scurvy from Head to Foot, we shall begin with those in the highest part: To this place belong violent and habitual Head-aches, and those ei∣ther happening at random, or periodical; sometimes a deadness and drowsiness of the Spirits; sometimes obstinate Watchings,

frequent Giddinesses's and Scotomia's, Convulsions, a Palsey, much Spitting, soreness of the Gums, a looseness of the Teeth, a stinking Breath. 2. Meanwhile about the Region of the Breast, Pains in various parts of the Membranes, and especially in the Sternum, which often being acute and pricking, miserably torture the Diseased for many Days and Nights, a frequent Asthma, a diffi∣cult and uneven Breathing, a Constriction and straitness of the Breast, a husky Cough, a disorderly Pulse, a trembling of the Heart, frequent Faintings of the Spirits, a frequent Swooning, and a continual being in danger of it. 3. In the Region of the Belly this Disease establishing, as it were, its principal Seat, pro∣duces Iliads of Evils. For there are often a nauseousness, a Vo∣miting, a Rumbling, a Cardialgia, Inflations and Murmurings of the Hypochondres, a frequent Colick, and most troublesome Pains shooting every way, an almost continual Diarrhaea, sometimes a Dysentery or Tenesmus, an Atrophia, and sometimes an Asci∣tes.

The Urine is commonly very ruddy and lixivial, with a Scum swimming on it, or sticking to the sides of the Glass; tho' now and then, at certain times, the same being pale and Watry, is voided in a great plenty. 4. Besides these inward Affects, in the outward Members, nay in the whole Habit of the Body, wan∣dering Pains, and often very violent, and chiefly infesting by night, are felt; a spontaneous Lassitude, a Consumption of the Flesh, an Ach in the Loins, and a weakness and enervation of the other Limbs, Spots of various colours in the Skin, Tumours, Tubercles, and often malignant Ulcers break forth; about the Muscles a Stupor, Formication, and ascent as it were of a cold Wind, also Contractions and Twitchings of the Tendons: More∣over to Scorbutical Persons, disorders of the Blood, unconstant Boilings of it, restless distemperatures Feavers, without any con∣stant Course, and great Haemorrhagies, generally happen. Besides these common and very usual Symptoms of the Scurvy, whereof sometimes more, sometimes fewer, and those one while of this kind and fashion, another while of that, infest the Diseased, some∣times also unusual and prodigious Accidents ensue upon this Disease.

As to the evident Causes of the Scurvy, though an ill Dyet, a sedentary Life, a disorder of the Spleen, and Crudities heap't together in the first Passages, are very much accus'd, yet the unwholsomness of the Air, and the Crasis of the Blood vitiated by former Distempers are wont to be much rather in the fault; wherefore the Scurvy, in Maritime and Marshy places, is often endemious: It frequently seizes suh as are long at Sea, and use in the mean while Salt Meats, and such as are dryed in the Smoak,

and also corrupted Water: It every where succeeds long conti∣nued Feavers, and other Chronical Diseases ill Cured, also over great Haemorrhagies and other immoderate Excretions, nay and the suppression of usual Evacuations, as of the Menses and Hae∣morrhoids. Moreover this Disease, without any great procatarxis is often wont to be raised by Contagion, and sometimes is he∣reditary.

The material cause of this Disease, or the Scorbutick taint diffused through the whole Body, is founded either in the Blood, or in the nervous Juice, or in both of them together. That the Scorbutick Taint is fix't in the Blood, its disorderly Boilings, the Eruptions of Spots and Pushes, the ruddy and as it were lixivi∣ated Urine plainly testifie; which is also shewn by the diversified production of this Disease, which for the most part succeeds the depravation of the mass of Blood: That the Taint sticks also in the Nervous Liquor, is shewn by the most troublesome Pains raised both inwardly in the Membranes, and outwardly in the Genus Nervosum, by the weaknesses or resolutions of the Mem∣bers, the Giddiness, the Convulsions and frequent Failings of the Animal Spirits. Since therefore both general Humors are in fault, let us see which is first or chief in fault, whence it drew its Taint, and after what manner it is communicated to the other Humour, and likewise to any other Parts that are wont to be affected.

As to the Blood, (in whose Mass the Scurvy seems chiefly to spread its Roots) we have shewn elsewhere that in its Crasis it consists of the like kind of Particles, and is temper'd almost af∣ter the like manner as Wines. Moreover we have intimated that as Wine, even so the Blood, for two causes chiefly, is ill dispo∣sed, viz. either because some extraneous thing, that will not duely mix with them, is got into this or the other, or because the Crasis or temper of the Liquor is perverted, in as much as one Element, or haply two, to which the Dominion is due, being supprest, others which ought to be kept under, are ex∣alted.

Concerning the former, we observe in Wine, that when the Foeces, first sever'd and thrown to the bottom, being stirr'd a∣gain are rais'd; or if any Heterogeneous thing, as Sewet or an exotick Sulphur be cast into the Vessel, a mighty working is thence caus'd, which unless it be appeas'd in a short time, the Crasis of the Wine is in danger of being subverted: In like man∣ner there are many immiscible things, which coming into the Blood disturk its Motion and Circulation, and hinder the course of its Oeconomy from being duely performed: The Nutritive Li∣quor being filled with filthy Dreggs, Ferments the Blood in a

disorderly manner: Nay and its Liquor being become degene∣rate, causes Fits of intermittent Fevers: The Vapoury, Serous, Bi∣lous and Melancholy Recrements of the Blood retain'd within it, beget Catarrhs, the Dropsie, the Jaundise, Melancholy, and ma∣ny other Affects: Now if that extraneous thing be seasonably removed, the Blood even as the Wine being free from that Extraneous Mixture, soon recovers its former Constitution: But each of those Liquors being for some time infected with Heterogeneous Contents, at length degenerates from its due Crasis, and consequently is not easily restor'd.

Again, both Wine and the Blood fall from their due Temper for many other causes: 1. Concerning Wines we may observe, that sometimes the same do not come to a ripeness, but for want of a Pneumatosis, because the Spirits, and other active principles of Salt and Sulphur, being involv'd in such as are more Gross, cannot clear themselves, remain wholly Crude: Wherefore they do not become Spirituous; but being of a Gross consi∣stency, and of an ingrateful savour, degenerate into a Flat Wine without strength: Even so the Blood, sometimes the Spirit and Sulphur being deprest, remains Crude and Watry, also without vigour, and unapt for a sprightly accension in the Heart; such a disposition causes the longing Disease, and an Hydropical Dia∣thesis. 2. The Sulphureous part of the Wine being exalted a∣bove the rest, causes an Immoderate Effervescency, or an ebul∣lition in the Liquor; we call it a Fretting of Wines: In like manner the Sulphureous part of the Blood being too much exalt∣ed, and consequently apt to Boyl, and be kindled in the Heart too much, brings a Feverish distemper, and is really the cause of many continual Fevers. 3. Often in Wine the Spirit becoming faint, and the Sulphur being bound, the Saline part is rais'd to a State of flowing, and praedominates over the rest, wherefore the Liquor, passes into Vinegar; from such an Acetous dis∣position of the Blood, Melancholy is caus'd. 4 It's a vulgar ob∣servation in Wines, that besides that they degenerate into a Flat Wine, or into Vinegar, the same sometimes upon the Spirits being deprest, and the Salt and Sulphur's being together exalted, become either Rank, or Pendulous, or Mucilaginous, we call it, Wines become over Fretted or become Ropy: In both changes, the Spirit being brought under, the Sulphureous and Saline Par∣ticles are joyn'd together and are above the other Elements, and bring the Crasis of the Liquor to their nature: But the thing is not done in both wholly after the same manner; for in the for∣mer dyscrasie of the Wine the Sulphur is a little above the Salt, and in the latter, the Salt is above the Sulphur: Nay and either of them being in power, and having thrown off the Dominion

of the Spirit, takes the other to it, and raises it above its due state.

Now it's probable that the Blood is altered after the like manner in the Scorbutick affect, as Wines when upon being overheated, become over Fretted, or become Ropy, and we may conclude the Dyscrasy of the Blood, which is the Parent of the Scurvy, to be two fold as that of Wine, viz. Sulphureo-Saline, and Sali∣no-Sulphureous. For there being a very great variety of affects, which are accounted of, as belonging to the Scurvy, all of them may be aptly enough reduc't to these two, as it were, chief heads, or as the two fountains of the evil: viz. First that the Blood be∣ing touch't with a Scorbutick taint, either is very hot, as in which the Sulphur having gotten the Dominion takes the Salt to it: wherefore being become rank it Boyls disorderly in the Ves∣sels, and discharges continually from it self adust Recre∣ments, viz. the concretions of the Salt and Sulphur, and dis∣perses them every way, which being outwardly spread, produce Spots, Wheals, Pushes, or Ulcers: But being inwardly depos'd cause Vomitings, Cardialgias, Diarrhaeas or Dysenteries, and also violent pains. In this kind of Scorbutick rankness of the Blood only temperate remedies and frequent Bleedings agree; and not Scurvygrass, horse Raddish, and other things of a smart and instigating Nature: After the same manner as overfretted Wines are Cur'd by Racking them from the Lees, and likewise by pouring Milk, Amylum, Ichthiocolla, and other Lenifying things to them. Or, Secondly in the Blood which Foments the Scurvy, the Salt having got the Dominion takes to it self the Sulphur, wherefore it is not so hot, but like Ropy Wine becomes thick and Mucilaginous, as it were, is Circulated slowly in the Vessels, and is apt to stuff the Vessels as it passes through them, Fur∣ring them with a Muddy Filth. Such as are so affected for the most part being without Pushes or Cutaneous Eruptions, be∣come Dull, Pursy, and enervated, are troubled with a Sponta∣neous Lassitude, a Straitness of the Breast; nay and are found obnoxious to Passions of the heart, Faintings of the Spirits, to a Giddiness and Convulsions: And in this kind of Scorbutick disposition, Hot remedies, and such as are endued with a Vola∣tile Salt, nay and Galybeates, which Fuse and exagitate the Blood are wont to be most of use; after the like manner as Ropy Wines are dealt with, to wit they ought to be very much stirr'd, and agitated and also quicklime, burnt Allom, Lime Plaister, Sea Salt Calcin'd, and other things of a very smart nature are put into them I shall now shew after what manner the seeds of that Dis∣ease are laid in the other general humour, viz. the Nervous Juice.

About the beginnings of a Scurvy, till the Crasis of the Blood, and the Tone of the Brain are wholly vitiated, that Subtle Li∣quor which passes in the Brain and Nerves, and is distill'd from the Blood coming to the Brain, both as the Matter and Vehicle of the Animal Spirits, is yet Spirituous and Sweet, and not very un∣apt for any offices it ought to perform, but afterwards from the Mass of Blood become depauperated, and very much Effaete, a much thinner Latex, and inclining to a Sourness is distill'd: Moreover from the Dreggy, and as it were Rank, or Muddy Blood, Heterogeneous Particles, and such as are very injurious to the Animal Oeconomy, are sent, and are admitted without dif∣ficulty into the Brain, which is become weak, and thence are diffus'd into its appendix both Medullary and Nervous with the Juice which passes in them: Hence follow the Fallings and E∣clipses, sometimes Distractions, and Painful and Convulsive Ex∣plosions of the Animal Spirits, that happen in each of the Re∣gions. Wherefore the Palsey, Convulsions, a Giddiness, Pains, Tremblings, and other Praeternatural affects of the Brain and Genus Nervosum are wont to ensue upon a Scurvy when deeply rooted. Mean while, we may observe in general that the Scor∣butick Taint, fixt in the Nervous Juice, Consists in these three things, viz. In some one of them or in all of them together, viz. that the Liquor lying in the Brain and Nerves becomes much more thin or poorer; that it degenerates from its Spirituo-Saline Crasis towards a Sourness; that it is stuff't with Heteroge∣neous and Morbifick Particles.

As to the Prognostick of the Scurvy, let your judgment in this case be wary, long suspended, and not rash, for many (as it has occurr'd to our observation) accounted for desperate, have recovered: I have seen some even ready to be Choak't with a horrible Asthma; others just a dying with frequent Swoonings, nay and others seiz'd with a Palsey or Convulsive Fits, or a ter∣rible Colick, who were wholly freed in a short time by the help of Medicines: I have known some Scorbutical persons Swoll'n all over their body by the Dropsy, others brought to an extream Leanness by an Atrophia, who were restor'd again to their perfect health. Therefore though persons troubled with this Disease are sometimes press't upon with very dangerous affects, if nevertheless the Viscera are still indifferently sound, or at least not very much vitiated, you must not despair of those evils, caus'd meerly by the Scorbutick taint: But on the con∣trary, when the Symptoms appear less terrible, if the contents of the Hypochondres and Abdomen are become hardned, and as it were Scirrhous, or if the Lungs begin to be corrupted, promise nothing great or favourable concerning the Cure of the Disease,

Since as this affect grows to a high pitch, a manifold and di∣versifyed Morbifick Matter, causing Symptoms of a various kind, and nature, is engendred, therefore let remedies not only of one kind be administred: But when any Method of Phy∣sick, though prescrib'd with great judgment, does little or no∣thing towards a Cure, the Diseas'd are not presently to be left, but let other Medicines, and now and then others be try'd; for the same do not agree with all persons, nor always with the same person. In the affected Body the Powers and Combinations of the Salts and Sulphurs every where vary, even so let the Medi∣cines that do no good be sometimes chang'd, till you light upon some one that agrees very well, and gives help.

But if notwithstanding the use of Remedies, or upon their not being well applyed, the Scurvy getting ground by degrees is daily rais'd to a worse State; it brings at length the Dropsy or Ptisick: From this or that Disease there is a ready passage to Death; for after that the Blood is very much depraved it dis∣charges its dreggy Excrements, when at long run they are much heap't together, either on the Lungs, or on the Viscera of the Belly, and consequently, it brings one of those two affects which are alike Mortal.

CHAP. II. Of the Cure of the Scurvy.

AS to the Cure of the Scurvy, since it is no one single preter∣natural affect, but a Legion that is to be conquered, there∣fore the Method of curing ought to comprehend manifold in∣dications, and those variously complicated and subordinate; which nevertheless according to our wont we shall reduce to three heads, viz. that they be Preservatory, which have regard to, and take away the cause of the Disease; and Curatory, which have respect to, and remove the Disease it self and its Symptoms; and lastly Vital, which uphold or restore the strength and vigour of the Patient.

From the very beginning of the Cure we ought to level against the Cause of the Disease, for this being cut off, or torn up as the root, presently the Trunk, Branches, and Fruits wither away: Since therefore we have shewn that the cause of the Scurvy is founded in the Dyscrasie of the Blood, viz. Sulphureo∣saline,

or Salino-sulphureous: In the first place we must endea∣vour the best we may, the amendment of that Dyscrasie, as well of the one kind, as of the other: For this purpose, first let the impediments be remov'd, then let the primary intention it self be effected: For both intents, remedies are taken from Dyet, Chirurgery and Pharmacy. As to the Dyet, we shall set. down a particular form of it hereafter: Mean while to proceed with the rest.

The reducement of the Blood to its due Crasis by appropriat∣ed remedies is chiefly hindred by reason of these two things; viz. first because none but a vitious stock of nutritive juice: is continually carryed into it; and secondly, because the Recrements produc't within it are not sufficiently discharg'd by fit Com∣mon-shores; therefore we must provide both that the work of Chylification be rightly perform'd in the first passages, and that the Vapoury Recrements be sufficiently discharg'd by Perspira∣tion, the Serous by the Reins and Lymphaeducts, the Bilious by the Gall Bladder, the Melancoly by the Spleen, and others of any other kind else by proper Emunctories: Afterward, these of∣fices being rightly Instituted, let us endeavour to reduce the Dyserasie of the Blood by specifick Medicines, and especially by such as are endow'd with a Volatile Salt. The remedies regar∣ding every of these intents, ought to be Complicated together, and to be applied joyntly to use, but after what manner, and by what ways of administrations, I must yet more particularly set forth.

1. That Chylification may be rightly perform'd in the first Passages, we must take care that the load of Excrementitious Matter heapt together in them, be clear'd forth, that the lost or deprav'd Ferments be restor'd, that the Passages and Pores howsoever stuff't and obstructed be open'd: For these ends Ca∣thartick, Digestive and aperient Medicines are design'd.

2. When the Recrements gathered together in the Mass of Blood, are not sufficiently discharg'd by their proper Emuncto∣ries, let them be now and then led forth by others ways that are most proper: For this purpose Catharticks also, and like∣wise Diaphoreticks, and Diureticks are proper.

3. Let the Scorbutick Dyscrasie of the Blood be corrected by Bleeding and Specifick Remedies; wherefore to draw all that concerns the preservatory indication to a Head, let the Rome∣dies, which perform its chief intents, be Catharticks, Blood∣ing, Digestives, Aperients, Diaphoreticks, Diureticks, and An∣tiscorbuticks,

or Specificks. Moreover, in regard digestive Re∣medies and Aperients are often Coincident, since both are chief∣ly Imbued with Acid, Smart, or Saline Particles; Moreover in as much as those kinds of Medicines aptly enough move Sweat or Urine; therefore the Physical Apparatus required for the fore∣said intentions, may be brought yet to narrower limits viz. that it may consist in a manner only of Cathartick, Digestive, and An∣tiscorbutick Medicines, to which Bleeding is added as occasion presents, I must now set down certain Forms and Praescripts of them, and likewise the manner of using them.

Catharticks.

1. LEt the method of Curing prescrib'd almost to all Scorbu∣tick persons begin with Catharticks; for unless the first Passages are cleansed, the Medicines design'd for any other uses, will be depraved by the Filth in them; wherefore Vomiting some∣times may be no less proper than Purging.

If the Stomach, (as it frequently happens) being loaded with a viscous matter that turns four or of an ill savour, endeavours to discharge upward its depraved Burthen, by a nauseousness or striving to Vomit, and the Patient has been wont formerly to undergo such an Evacuation vigorously enough, and with a well bearing, nothing hinders, so the strength be not too much cast down, from giving an Emetick Medicine. To those that are strong, let an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum, or Mercurius Vitae, or the Emetick Tartar of Mynsicht, or Glaubers Sulphur of An∣timony, be given. Those that are of a weak or tender Consti∣tution, may take Wine of Squills, or Gilla Theophrasti, which being given in a small Dose, let them drink a great quantity of Whey after it, and then the Ventricle being filled to a nauseous∣ness, let a gentle Vomit be raised by putting the Finger or a Fea∣ther into the Throat, and let it be sometimes repeated, as the person sees good. By this manner of Vomiting, the meer Con∣tents of the Stomach are cleans'd from its folds, and purg'd forth; neither are painful or Convulsive Twitchings caused in other adjacent Viscera or Membranes, with a Swooning, as it usually happens after Stybiate Medicines. To those whose Stomach, by reason of an ill Digestion, soon gathers together a heap of Phlegm, or of other degenerate matter, I have ordered that they procure once a Month such a Vomit, as being safe and wholsom.

Where Vomiting has no place, you must begin with Purging, at least, some days being allowed betwixt whiles, let this evacua∣tion succeed the other. What has been formerly inculcated by

Authors, concerning the preparation of the Humours, I judge either to be superfluous, or wholly erroneous, the Circulation of the Blood being not then understood: but instead of that intention, let Medicines restoring the Ferments of the Viscera, and altering the Crasis of the Blood, be substituted: Mean while for clearing away the Filth of the first passages, and the Ex∣crementitious superfluities of the Blood and Nervous Liquour, first, let a mild and gentle Purge be ordered, and afterward, ac∣cording as the Patient bears it, let it be repeated either once within a week, or oftner or seldomer; and let the strength of the Medicine be proportion'd according to the success of the first Dose: For this end Pills, Potions, Apozemes, Electuaries, Powders, and many other forms of Medicines are wont to be prescrib'd.

If the Constitution of the Diseas'd be hot, and the Scurvy seems to be founded in the Adust, viz. the Sulphureo-saline Dys∣crasie of the Blood, let all Medicines of Aloes, and Diagridium be avoided, and let only the more temperate be given, of Sena, Rhubarb, and other things that do not exagitate the Blood.

Take Leaves of Sena an Ounce, Rhubarb six Drams, Epithimum three Drams, Roots of Polipody of the Oak, and of English Rhubarb dryed of each half an Ounce, yellow Saunders two Drams, Celtick∣spike half a Dram, Salt of wormwoed two Drams, being slic't and bruis'd, let them digest in a Matrace by a Sand heat with White∣wine, and Fumitory-water, of each a Pound, (or with our Magi∣stral Antiscorbutick-water two Pounds) for two days, let the clear Straining evaporate by a gentle Bath heat, to the consistency of Hony; then add Powder of the Leaves of Sena and Rhubarb, of each a Dram and a half, Species Diatrion Santalon a Dram, Cream of Tar∣tar a Dram and a half, make a Mass for Pills; the Dose is from half a Dram to a Dram.

Or, let such an Infusion be prepar'd, which let evaporate by a gentle heat, to the consistency of a Syrup, adding towards the end Manna pass'd through a Searce, and double refin'd Sugar, of each two Ounces, make a Syrup; the Dose is from a Spoonful to two, with a fit Vehicle.

Or, let four or six Ounces of such like Tincture be given for a Dose, adding Cream of Tartar half a Dram, and if there be need of Sweetning, Syrup of Apples three Drams.

Or to the Tincture prescrib'd, let six Ounces of cleans'd Corinths be put, and let there be a warm Digestion till the Corinths swell, which being taken forth, let the Liquour evaporate to the consistency of a Syrup, adding Sugar and Manna past through a Searce, of each a Dram and a half; then the Corinths being put in again, let the

Medicine be kept in a Glaz'd Vessel well stopt; the Dose is from a Spoonful to two.

Or, to the Tincture prescrib'd evaporated to a half, add fresh Cassia, Pulp of Tamarinds extracted with Antiscorbutick-water, of each three Ounces, Conserve of Violets and of Damask Roses, of each two Ounces, the greater Compound Powder of Sena a Dram, Rhubarb powdred half an Ounce, Cream of Tartar, Species Diatrion Santalon, of each two Drams, let them be bruis'd together in a Stone-mortar, till they are brought to the form of an Electuary: The Dose is the quantity of a Wallnut, more or less, according to the operation.

For those whose quaint Stomach will not receive any Medicines but in a small quantity, and nicely prescrib'd. Take Rosin of Scam∣mony, from four Grains to eight, Cream of Tartar half a Scruple, Celtick-spike six Grains, mix them, make a Powder, let it be given in a Spoonful of Panada, or let it be made into Pills.

To those that are troubled with the Scurvy, and are of a cold Constitution, and the Disease seems to be founded in a Nitro-sul∣phureous Disposition of the Blood, resembling ropy Wine, let smart Catharticks, and such as are endow'd with hot Particles be given.

Take Pil. Stomac. cum Gum. two Drams, Rosm of Jalap twenty Grains, Tartar vitriolated sixteen Grains, Oyl of Juniper half a Scruple, with a sufficient quantity of Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Water of Earth-worms, make sixteen Pills, let four be taken at a time once a week.

Take Bontius's Pills of Tartar a Dram and a half, Rosin of Jalap twelve Grains, Salt of Tartar half a Scruple, with a sufficient quan∣tity of Syrupus Angustanus, make twelve Pills.

Take Extract of Pil: Ruffi a Dram, Extract of black Hellebore a Scruple, Salt of Tartar half a Dram, with a sufficient quantity of Ammoniacum dissolv'd, make nine Pills, let three be taken at a Dose.

Take Leaves of Sena an Ounce, Rhubarb six Drams, Mechoacan, Gummous Turbith of each half an Ounce, Threads of black Hellebore three Drams, Salt of Tartar two Ounces, yellow Saunders a Dram and a half, Winters-bark two Drams, being slic't and bruis'd, let them digest in two Pounds of White-wine for two days, strain it off clear without pressing it; let it be taken either by it self, from five Ounces to six, or let it be made into an Extract or Syrup, or Electuary as the Tincture above prescrib'd, adding Pulvis Arthriticus, or Dia∣sena what suffices, &c.

Or, Let a Tincture of this kind be prepar'd, which may be given to robust Men, to the quantity of a Spoonful, or of a Spoonful and a half. Take Salt of Tartar an Ounce, small Spirit of Wine a Pound and a half, let them digest till it turns yellow: To this being pour'd

of the Faeces by inclination, infuse Leaves of black Hellebore macera∣ted in Vinegar an Ounce; yellow Saunders a Dram, the yellow Coats of Oranges a Dram and a half, make a warm and close Digestion for three days: Let the clear Straining be distil'd in Balneo to a half, let the remaining Liquour be kept for use.

Take Roots of sharp pointed Dock, Polipody of the Oak, stinging Nettles, Chervil, of each six Drams, Leaves of Agrimony, Speedwel of each a handful, white and yellow Saunders, of each a Dram and a half, bastard Saffron an Ounce, Tartar of White-wine half an Ounce; let them boil in two Pounds and a half of Fountain-water, till a half be wasted, add of Rhenish-Wine a Pound, and strain it presently, into which put of the best Sena half an Ounce, Rhubarb six Drams, Leaves of black Hellebore half an Ounce, the yellow Coats of Oranges two Drams, make a close and warm Infusion for twelve hours, let the Straining be kept in a stopt Glass; the Dose is from five Drams to six.

It were easie to set down here many other forms of Cathar∣ticks, but there is no great variety requir'd in these: But of the foregoing, let these or the others be given as they best agree, and now and then, let them be repeated within five or six days, as occasion requires. An over frequent and violent Purging casts down the powers of the Body, greatly impairs the strength of the Viscera, and in the mean time, does not take away the Disease.

After a Purge or two, if Bleeding be indicated, let Blood be drawn from the Arm, or from the Vessels of the Fundament by Leeches: It matters not much, which Vein be open'd, nor is the opening of the Salvatella Vein of as much moment as it is said: As to the large Discourses made by Authors, concerning the opening of the Liver or Cephalick Veins, rather than any others in the Scurvy, since the Circulation of the Blood has been known, it comes to nothing. Phlebotomy is indicated by a plenty and vitiousness of the Blood, which it is better to let forth at several times in a small quantity, than at once in a great: For when the Liquour of the Blood is become very im∣pure, it is corrected by no kind of Remedy, more certainly than by a frequent and spare letting of it forth; for the old corrupted Blood, as often as it is drawn forth, is succeeded by a better and clearer fresh Blood; mean while there is need of caution, that it be not drawn away at once in too great a quantity, for its store being much drain'd together, Sanguification fails, so that a Dropsy or Cachexia ensues.

Besides Purging, and (if need be) opening a Vein, many Re∣medies of another kind, no less necessary, are requir'd in the Scurvy: And that they may be prescrib'd in order, we must

forthwith consider, whether only Preservatory Indications have place here, and whether certain Curatory Indications, viz. such as have regard to some severely pressing Symptoms, ought not to be interchangeably pursued with them: And if you are to imploy the whole work of the Cure against the cause of the Dis∣case, you may proceed after the following method: We shall shew you hereafter, what sort of Cure is to be apply'd to Symp∣toms (if haply occasion requires it.)

Therefore if nothing hinders, but you are to imploy the chiefest stress of Physick, in rooting out the cause of the Dis∣ease, principally and by it self; for this purpose, let Digestives likewise, and Specificks, or Antiscorbuticks, as we hinted be∣fore, be us'd at all times, unless on the days of Purging: To which sometimes, if it be needful, let Diaphoreticks or Diure∣ticks be added: Manifold forms and prescripts of Medicines, and of various kinds for performing these intents, are every where to be found amongst Authors: I shall here set down some of the more choice of them, which I here thought good to distribute into two ranks, according to the twofold nature of the Scorbu∣tick Cause. viz. the Sulphureo-saline, and Salino-sulphureous Dyscrasies of the Blood. And first I shall deliver such as are proper in this latter kind of affect, viz. where there is need of Medicines, endow'd with a certain instigating vertue, and such as are very much fill'd with a Volatile Salt.

Let Digestive Medicines that restore the Ferment of the Sto∣mach, and help the Functions of that, and of other of the Vis∣cera, which serve for Chylification, and Anti-Scorbuticks, or Speci∣ficks, which take away the Dyscrasy of the Blood, either be joined in the same Composition, or at leastwise let them be taken the same day one after the other.

Among digestive Remedies are justly counted the Cream, Cry∣stals, Salt, and Tincture of Tartar; Tartar Vitriolated and Chalybe∣ated, Elixir Proprietatis, the simple mixture. The use of each of these, given twice a day, oftentimes does good.

Moreover you may easily make Magistral Tinctures and E∣lixirs of various kinds, both digestive and appropriated to the Scurvy, with the two following Menstruums.

Take rectified Spirit of Vitriol, Six Ounces; Spirit of Wine Alcho∣lized, sixteen Ounces; mix them, and Distill them in a Glass retort with three Cohobations; keep it for use in a Glass well stopt. Elixir Proprietatis is more easily and better prepar'd with this Compound Menstruum than the vulgar way.

Take Winters-bark, Lignum Aloes, Roots of the lesser Galingal, of each two Drams; Cinnamon, Cloves, Cubebs, of each a Dram; Seeds of Bishops-weed and Watercresses, of each half a Dram; being bruised,

pour to them of the foresaid Menstruum enough to cover them three Fingers over; let them digest in a Matrace in a Sand Furnace for six days; let the straining be kept in a Glass close stopt: The Dose is twenty Drops, more or less, in a Spoonfull of Canary, or of an appropri∣ated Liquor. Let it be given twice a day.

Take white Amber, Gum of Ivy, Caranna, Tacamahaca, of each a Dram; Saffron, half a Dram; Cloves, Nutmegs, of each two Scru∣ples; being bruised, pour to them the aforesaid Menstruum, and let a Tincture be extracted according to Art. The Dose is twenty Drops, as above.

Take blew Salt of Tartar, four Ounces; let it digest in a Matrace with a Pound of Spirit of Wine Alcholized, till a Tincture be extract∣ed: Let this be another Menstruum, with which you may prepare E∣lixirs out of Gums, Spices, &c. after the same manner as with the former Menstruum.

While these kinds of Medicines are given in a small Dose, in the Evening and early in the Morning, at Physical hours, viz. at eight a Clock in the Forenoon, and at four in the Afternoon, let the Antiscorbutick Medicines of the other kind be taken, which for the most part we are wont to prescribe in a twofold form, viz. in a solid form and a liquid, to be taken all under one; so that the solid Medicine being taken first, the liquid is drank after it: there are various kinds and ways of Composition of both, viz. in a solid form, Electuaries, Confections, Powders, Pills and Tablets; in a liquid form are Decoctions, Infusions, Expressions, Distill'd Waters, Physick Wines, and Ales. We shall give you some of the more select Medicines of each of these kinds.

Electuaries.

TAke Conserve of Scurvy-grass, Roman Wormwood, Fumitory, of each two Ounces, Powder of Winters-bark, Roots of Angelica, and Aron, of each two Drams; Species Diatrion Santalon, a Dram and a half; Powder of Crabs-eyes, a Dram; Salt of Wormwood, two Drams; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of the Juice of Citrons; make an Electuary.

Take Conserve of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass and Brooklimes made with an equal quantity of Sugar, of each three Ounces; Troches of Ca∣pers, and of Rhubarb, of each two Drams; Salt of Wormwood, and of Scurvy-grass, of each a Dram; Ivory Powdered, Coral Calcined, of each a Dram, with a sufficient quantity of syrup of the Juice of Scurvy-grass: Make an Electuary.

I use to prescribe the Conserves of the outward Coats of Limons and Oranges, also of the purple Flowers of the Ash-tree, of the Leaves

and Flowers of Lady-smocks, of the Roots of sharp pointed Docks, and of English Rhubarb, to be prepared with an equal quantity of Sugar, which being mixt between themselves, or with other Conserves and Spe∣cies, enter these kinds of Electuaries.

Take Conserves of the Yellow-coats of Oranges and Limons, of Flowers of the Ash, of each two Ounces, Powder of the Roots of Con∣trayerva a Dram and a half, of the lesser Galingal half a Dram, Roots of Aron two Drams, Species of Aromaticum Rosatum a Dram, Salt of Wormwood two Drams, with a sufficient quantity of Syrupe of the Confiture of Nutmegs make an Electuary. The Dose of these kinds of Medicines is the quantity of a Nutmeg, drinking after it an appropriated Liquor.

To Rusticks and poor People, by whom Medicines easily pre∣par'd and cheaper are desir'd, I prescribe after this manner. Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass and Brooklimes of each four Ounces, dou∣ble refin'd Sugar eight Ounces, let them be bruis'd together in a Mortar, adding Powder of Winters Bark half an Ounce, Tartar Calcin'd with Nitre three Drams, with a sufficient quantity of Spa∣nish Wine let them be made into an Electuary. The Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day, drinking after it an appropriated Liquor.

Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass a pound; Raisins ston'd, double re∣fin'd Sugar, of each half a pound, Faecula of the Roots of Horse∣raddish two Ounces; let them be bruis'd together in a Mortar, and made into the Form of an Electuary. The Dose is the quantity of a Wall-nut, twice or thrice a day.

Confections.

TAke Powder of Aron Roots compound an Ounce, Winters-bark Powdred half an Ounce, Species Diatrion Santalon, Troches of Capers of each two Drams, Salt of Wormwood, and of Scurvy-grass of each a Dram and a half, the Yellow Coats of Oranges preserv'd three Ounces, let them be bruised together in a Mortar, then add of double refin'd Sugar dissolv'd in a sufficient quantity of Water of Earth-worms, three Ounces; make a Confection according to Art.

Take Roots of Eringo and Scorzonera preserv'd of each two Drams, Wallnuts preserv'd and Mirobalanes Condited of each in number two, the Electuary of Sassaphras six Drams, Powder of Cubebs and Cardamoms of each two Drams, Powder of the Roots of Zedoaria and Angelica of each a Dram and a half; Salt of Woormwood two Drams; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of the Confiture of Wallnuts make a Confection.

Take Powder of China Roots, of the Wood Sassaphras of each

half an Ounce, Yellow and White Saunders of each two Drams, Seeds of Rocket, Cubebs, Garden-cresses, Grains of Paradise, of each a Dram and a half, Species of Dialacca, Cinnamon, Orrice, the lesser Galingal of each a Dram, Salt of Wormwood two Drams, Conserve of the Yellow Coats of Oranges, and Sugar of Rosemary Flowers dissolv'd in a sufficient quantity of Water of Snails, of each three Ounces; make a Confection according to art; the Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day, drinking after it an appropriated Liquor.

In some cases of the Scurvy where the use of Steel is indicat∣ed, either let three Drams of Steel prepar'd with Sulphur, or two Drams of Vitriol of Mars be added to each of the prescripts either to the Confection, or to the Electuary, and after the taking of the Medicines once or twice a day, let the body be exercis'd according as the strength will bear.

Powders.

TAke Powder of Aron Compound an Ounce and a half, Winters Bark half an Ounce, Cubebs, Grains of Paradise, Cardamoms of each two Drams, Salt of Wormwood, three Drams, Tablets of Oranges three Ounces; make a Powder, the Dose is a Dram in an ap∣propriated Liquor.

To the foresaid Powder add Kernels of the Indian Chocholate Nut half a Pound, let them be brought into a Mass, or Paste in a warm Mortar. The Dose is two Drams, after the manner that the confe∣ction of Chocolate is taken, viz. in Fountain Water with the leaves of Rosemary, or of Betony, or the Root of Scorzonera, or also the sha∣ving of Ivory or of Harts-horn boyl'd in it.

Pills.

FOr those to whom a Medicine in a less Dose, and in a form of Pills is more pleasing. Take Roots of Virginia Serpentary, of Contrayerva, of each two Drams, Winters Bark, Cubebs, Rocket Seeds, of each three Drams, Salt of Wormwood, and of Scurvy-Grass of each a Dram and a half, Extract or Rob of Juniper half an Ounce; with a sufficient quantity of Syrupe of the Confiture of Nut∣megs, make a Mass. The Dose is four Pills twice a day, drinking af∣ter it an appropriated Liquor.

Tablets.

FOr nice persons let Tablets or Tragaea's be prescrib'd after this manner: Take Powder of Winters Bark, of Crabs eyes, of each a Dram and a half, Pearl powdred half a Dram, double refin'd Sugar dissolv'd in a sufficient quantity of water of Earth-worms, and Boyl'd to a Consistency for Tablets, Six Ounces, Spirit of Scurvy-grass two Drams; make Tablets according to Art each weighing half a Dram. Let about half a Dram be taken twice a day, drinking after it an ap∣propriated Liquor.

Tablets of Oranges which are to be sold by the Oxford Apothecaries.

TAke Rinds of Oranges, Limons, Citrons preserv'd of each an Ounce, preserv'd Eringoes half an Ounce, Pine-Nut Kernels, Fi∣stick Nuts of each twenty, Sweet Almonds blancht in number ten, Annise Seed Powdred half an Ounce, Ginger Candied two Ounces, Species of Aromaticum Rosatum, Nutmegs of each a Dram and a half, Roots of Galingal a Dram, Cloves in number ten, Ambergreice four Grains, Musk, Civet of each two Grains, double refin'd Sugar dis∣solv'd in Rose-water, and Boyl'd to a Consistency for Tablets a Pound and a half; make Tablets according to Art.

So much of Medicines which are wont to be given to Scor∣butical Persons in a solid form, or in a gross substance: and that their vertue may be convey'd the better into the Mass of Blood and with more benefit, Liquids are prescrib'd for the most part to be drank after them. Though there be a great variety of these, and a diversifyed way of their composition, yet the chief and most usual are such as we have hinted before, and of each of which we shall now give you forms.

Decoctions.

THough Decoctions are a very familiar kind of Liquid Medi∣cines, yet they are seldom us'd in the Scurvy, because the Sim∣ples, which chiefly do good in this Disease, lose their vertues, which they have from the volatile Salt, by Boyling: Neverthe∣less because remedies are easily and soon prepar'd after this manner, they ought sometimes to be admitted; nay and ex∣perience has shewn that some of them are efficacious. For

Rusticks and poor people this Medicine of a very easie prepara∣tion is commended by many. Take Leaves of Water-cresses three handfuls, of the lesser Sorrel two handfuls; being slic't, let them be macerated in six Pounds of Milk, and let them boil to a consumption of a third part; let it be taken twice a day, from four Ounces to eight. The Decoction of Worm-wood is commended by Eugalenus and others. I have often tryed the following Medicine with good success Take Broom tops three handfuls, being slic't small, let them boil in three Pounds of strong Beer to a half, let it be given from two Ounces to three twice a day,

2. Infusions.

AN Infusion added to a Decoction, makes a very profitable Medicine. Take Roots of Scorzonera and Chervil, of each an Ounce, Leaves of Agrimony and Ground-pine, of each half a hand∣ful; burnt Harts-horn two Drams, Raisins half a handful; set them boil in three Pounds of Fountain-water till a third part be consumed: Add of Rhenish-wine half a Pound, and presently let it be strain'd into a glass Vessel, to which put Leaves of Scurvy-grass and Brook-limes bruis'd, of each half a handful, Orange Pills preserv'd and slic't small half an Ounce; make a close and warm Infusion for six hours; let the straining be kept in stopt Vessels. The Dose is six Ounces twice a day after a solid Medicine.

Take Whey made with White-wine or Cider a Pound and a half, in this boil Roots of Bur-dock, and candied Eringo's, of each six Drams, Juniper-berries preserv'd half an Ounce. Let the Liquour, being boil'd away to the consumption of a third part, be strain'd into a Flagon, to which put Leaves of Scurvy-grass and Brook-limes, of each a handful, make a warm and close Infusion for six hours. The Dose is half a Pound twice a day after a solid Medicine.

Infusions also made by themselves, are sometimes of excellent use. Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass a handful, Raspings of the Root of Horse-raddish half a handful, Winters-bark bruis'd two Drams; let them be put in a Glass with White-wine or Cider, and water of Scurvy-grass, of each a Pound, let them infuse in a Cellar for two or three days. The Dose is from six Ounces to eight twice a day, as above.

3. Juices and Expressions.

THE most commendable use of Antiscorbutick Herbs and Fruits is, that their Juices and Expressions be taken by

themselves, or with other appropriated Liquours twice or thrice a day: For so the entire and pure Vertue of the Remedy is presum'd to be given.

Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass, Water-cresses, Brook-limes, of each three handfuls; being bruis'd, let the Juice be prest forth, and be kept in a Glass well stopt. The Dose is from an Ounce and a half, to three Ounces twice a day in a little draught of Beer, Wine, or distil'd Water.

Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass four handfuls, of Wood-sorrel two handfuls, being bruis'd, let the Juice be exprest, which being put in a Glass and well stopt, will soon become clear, for the Acidity of the Wood-sorrel precipitates the grosser parts of the Scurvy-grass: The same thing comes to pass if the Juice of Oranges be mixt with the Juice of Scurvy-grass. The Dose is two or three Ounces twice a day.

Takes Leaves of Scurvy-grass four handfuls, of Brook-limes and Garden-cresses of each two handfuls, long Pepper three Drams, Ras∣pings of Horse-raddish two Ounces; being all bruis'd together, let them be put in a Glaz'd Pot with two Pounds of Rhenish-wine, or of Sack, if it be thought better: The Orifice being well stopt, let them stand in a cold Cellar for two days, then express it strongly; the Dose is three Ounces twice a day, after a solid Medicine.

Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass three handfuls, of Brook-limes, Gar∣den-cress and Wood-sorrel, of each a handful, being bruis'd, pour to them Water of Snails and of Earth-worms, of each six Ounces, make a strong Expression, and keep it in a Glass well stopt. The Dose is two Ounces twice a day.

4. Syrups.

FOR the same reason as Decoctions, Syrups also are disap∣prov'd of in the Scurvy, viz. in as much as the vertue of the most efficacious Simples, evaporates in boyling: Yet because sometimes there seems need of such a Medicine for sweetning appropriated Medicines for some persons, we shall here propose our preparation, the Vertues of the Ingredients being preserv'd as much as may be.

Therefore take Leaves of Garden Scurvy-grass six handfuls, the Coats of four Oranges, and of two Limons thinly par'd off, the Ras∣pings of Raddish-roots half a handful, long Pepper powdred three Drams, all of them being bruis'd together, let the Juice be exprest, which presently being put in a Glass and well stopt, let it be set in a cold Cellar till it becomes clear by subsiding: Then let the clear Liquour be pour'd off into another Glass by inclination, and being stopt,

let it be kept in the heat of a Balneum Mariae. Mean while for each Ounce of it, take of Sugar an Ounce and a half, and let its whole quantity, dissolv'd with a little Water of Earth-worms, be boil'd to a consistency for Tablets, to which, presently let the foresaid Liquour whilst warm, be pour'd by little and little, and let it be stir'd with a Spatula; assoon as it is incorporated, let the composition be taken from the Fire, and being cold, let it be put into a Glass: Let this Nodulus be hung in the Glass. Take Cinnamon bruis'd, a Dram and a half, Seeds of Garden-cress, and of Rocket powdred, of each an Ounce, mix them.

5. Distil'd Waters.

DIstil'd Waters, because they are a neat and pleasant Remedy, are in a manner all in all amongst Antiscorbutick prescripts, some very profitable and neat Dispensations of these are contained in our Dispensatory, as are Radish-water compound, the Magistral Waters of Snails, and of Earth-worms: Moreover there are fa∣mous Prescripts of these kinds of Waters, delivered by Quercetan, Dorncrelius, Sennertus, Doringius, and other Authors. It's also easie for every Physitian to prescribe such appropriated to the condition of each Patient, as occasion requires: For Antiscor∣butick Ingredients, and likewise such as regard certain Accidents and particular Affects are taken, to which, being slic't and bruis'd, a fit Liquour, viz. White-wine, Cider or Whey pre∣par'd of either, is pour'd: Then the whole mixture is distil'd in a Cucurbit, or in a Rose-still: I shall here give you a form or two of such as we commonly use.

Take Leaves of both Scurvy-grasses, Brook-limes, Water-cresses, tops of Broom, of each four handfuls, Leaves of Germander and Ground-pine, of each two handfuls, Roots of Horse-raddish half a Pound, of Aron, Angelica, Master-wort, of each four Ounces, the outward Coats of four Oranges, and of as many Limons, Roots of Calamus Aromaticus, an Ounce; Cinnamon, Cloves, of each half an Ounce, being slic't and bruis'd, pour to them of the best Cider eight Pounds, let them digest for two days in a Glaz'd Pot close luted: Afterward distil them in a common Distillatory, let the Waters first and last drawn, be mixt.

In the Winter season, when green Herbs are scarce, we may prescribe after this manner. Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass four handfuls, tops of Broom, of the Pine-tree, and of Juniper, of each three handfuls, the Middle-bark of Elder and Ash, of each four Ounces, Roots of Horse-raddish, and of Polipody of the Oak, of each three Ounces, the Rinds of four Oranges, and of as many Limons,

Winters-bark four Ounces, being slic't and bruis'd, pour to them of White-wine, or of Cider, or of Whey made with either of them, eight Pounds, let them be distil'd.

The simple Water of the Leaves of Aron, distil'd in the Spring time, is an efficacious Remedy against the Scurvy, if three or four Ounces are given twice a day, with another Medicine.

The simple Water of Scurvy-grass, pour'd again on fresh Leaves bruis'd, and distil'd, and so iterated by frequent Cohobations, becomes an efficacious Remedy. Moreover a hot Spirit of Scurvy-grass is pre∣par'd after this manner. Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass what suffices, being bruis'd, let it be made into Balls, such as are made of Woad for Dying: Then let those Balls be kept in a Glaz'd Pot for three or four days very close stopt in a cold place, either Water of Scurvy-grass, or Wine of the same being pour'd to them, and covering them over above four fingers deep: Then an Alembick being put on, let the whole matter be distill'd: Let the distill'd Water being put into a Cucurbit, be rectified; the hot Spirit will come off first, where∣of let fifteen or twenty drops be taken in a fit Vehicle.

6. Antiscorbutick Wines and Beers.

I Use to prepare a simple Antiscorbutick Wine of excellent use, after this manner: In the Spring or Summer-season, Take Leaves of Scurvy-Grass gathered in clear and dry Weather, what you think good; being bruised, let the Juice be prest forth, and let a Ves∣sel containing three or four Gallons be fill'd; a spoonful or two of Yest being put to it, let it ferment for two Days; then the Vessel being close stopt, let it be plac't in a Wine-Cellar for six Months; and then let the clear Liquor, which will be of an Amber colour, like Spanish Wine, be drawn out into Bottles, and be kept for use; it continues good ma∣ny years: The Dose is three or four Ounces twice a Day.

Physick Wines, whereof a Glass or two may be daily taken at Physical Hours, or also at Dinner, may be prepar'd after this manner; Take Leaves of Scurvy-Grass, four handfuls, Raspings of Horse-radish, four Ounces; Winters-bark bruised half an Ounce; the outward Coats of four Oranges, and of so many Limons; Let them be put in a Glass, with twelve Pounds of White Wine or Rhenish, or small Spanish Wine: The Vessel being stopt, let it be kept in a cold place. Let the Wine be pour'd off clear as often as you use it.

It's more usual to prescribe a Physick Ale or Beer to Scorbuti∣cal persons, to be drank constantly for their ordinary Drink. Let Beer be prepar'd to fill a Vessel of four Gallons; instead of Hops let three Handfuls of Pine or Fir-tops be boiled in it: After it has wrought in the Vessel, put into it Leaves of Scurvy Grass, three Handfuls;

Roots of sharp pointed Dock prepared, four Ounces; the Rinds of four Oranges: After it has stood a Week to clear, let it be expos'd to Drink.

These kinds of Physick Drinks, with other Ingredients, may be variously prepar'd, according to the Temperament and Affect of the Patient; by which kind of Remedy, in regard the Physi∣cal Particles, altering the Dyscrasy of the Blood, are forthwith convey'd into its Mass, together with those of the Food, often much good is done in removing the Cause of the Scurvy: But since we have shewn the cause of this, as also the Nature of the Disease, to be twofold, and since the Medicines hitherto proposed regard in a manner only the Salino-sulphureous Distemper of the Blood, we must next direct Medicines which are proper in the other, viz. the Sulphureo-saline Dyscrasy of the Blood.

CHAP. III. Of Medicines of each kind of the foregoing forms, which have regard to the Scurvy raised in a hot Constitution, and in a Sulphureo-Saline Dyscrasy of the Blood.

IN certain Scorbutical persons the use of Scurvy-grass, Horse-Radish, Winters-bark, and of other smart things, and such as are greatly endow'd with a volatile Salt, is found to be very of∣fensive; wherefore in those kinds of cases, where the Morbifick Cause consists in a hot Dyscrasy of the Blood, resembling over-fret∣ted Wine, temperate Medicines, and such as do not exagitate the Particles of the Humours, which are apt to boil too much of them selves, are indicated: Wherefore we shall set down Forms after the same order, and running as it were parallel with those before; and in the first place we shall give you solid Medicines.

Electuaries.

Take Conserve of Brooklimes and Cuckow-Flower, made with an e∣qual part of Sugar of each three Ounces, Species Diatrion Santalon, Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each a Dram and a half; Ivory powdered, a

Dram; Pearl, half a Dram; Salt of Wormwood and of Tamarisk, of each a Dram; with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Coral: make an Electuary.

Take Conserve of Wood-sorrel, and of Hips, of each three Ounces, (or Conserve of the Roots of sharp pointed Dock and of the Roots of Cichory, of each three Ounces) Troches of Rhubarb, two Drams; Species Diamargariti Frigidi, a Dram and a half; Bark of Tame∣risk, a Dram; Sal Prunella, a Dram and a half; Myrobalanes con∣dited, in number two; with a sufficient quantity of the syrup of the Confiture of Mirobalanes, make an Electuary.

For poor people I use to prescribe this easy prepar'd Electuary, Take Leaves of Brooklimes, six Ounces; of Wood-sorrel, two Ounces; double refined Sugar, eight Ounces; let them be pounded, adding Pow∣der of sweet Fennel-seeds, half an Ounce; Ivory powdered, two Drams; Sal Prunella, a Dram and a half; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of the Juice of Brooklimes, make an Electuary.

Confections.

TAke Powder of the Roots of China, and of the Male Peony, of each a Dram; white and yellow Saunders, of each three Drams; Ivo∣ry, a Dram and a half; Pearl, half a Dram; Crabs-eyes, a Dram; Coral moistened with Juice of Oranges, and ground on a Marble, two Drams; white Tartar, a Dram and a half; double refined Sugar, dis∣solved in a sufficient quantity of compound Scordium Water, six Oun∣ces: Make a Confection.

Take Roots of Eringo, and Scorzonera preserv'd, of each three Oun∣ces, Powder of Aron-roots compound, half an Ounce; Species Diatri∣on Santalon, two Drams; Sal Prunella, a Dram and a half; with a sufficient quantity of syrup of Clove-Gilli-flowers: Make a Confection.

Powders.

TAke Powder of the Leaves of Ground-Pine, of Aron-roots Com∣pound, of each an Ounce and a half; Ivory powdered, red Coral prepared with Juice of Oranges, of each two Drams; Tablets of Oran∣ges, two Ounces; mix them: Make a Powder. The Dose is a Spoon∣ful twice a day.

Pills.

TAke Species Diatrion Santalon, and Diamargariti Frigidi, of each two Drams; Seeds of Citrons, and of Carduus bruised, of each a Dram and a half; Roots of Bastard-Dittany, and of Male-Pe∣ony, of each a Dram and a half; Salt of Tamerisk, two Drams; with a sufficient quantity of the Gelly of Harts-horn, or of the cast skins of Snakes: Make a Mass.

Tablets.

TAke Species Diatrion Santalon, and Diamargariti Frigidi, of each a Dram and a half; Pearl powdered, red Coral prepar'd, Ivory powdered, of each a Dram; Sugar dissolved in Scordium-water, and boiled to a Consistency for Tablets, six Ounces: Make Tablets accor∣ding to Art.

But if with those kinds of temperate Antiscorbuticks, the use of Steel be indicated, to the Electuary, or to the Confection, or also to the Mass of Pills, let two Drams of Mynsicht's Magistery of Mars, or of Extract of Steel of our preparation, be added. In some cases, about two Drams and a half, or three Drams of Crocus Mar∣tis may be added to such a Composition: though it is, often better to make the Liquors which are drank after solid Medicines Chalybeate, than the foresaid Compositions. It remains for us now to prescribe forms of Liquors.

Decoctions.

IN a Scurvy raised after a long Fever, these kinds of Decocti∣ons, which purifie the Blood, and plentifully move Urine, are given with good effect.

Take Roots of Chervil, Scorzonera, Sorrel, Stone-Parsley, of each an Ounce; Leaves of Agrimony and Harts-tongue, of each a Handful; burnt Harts-horn, two Drams; Parings of three Apples; Corinths, two Ounces; Liquorice, three Drams; Let them boil in four Pounds of Fountain Water till a third part be consumed; add Sal Prunella, two or three Drams: The Dose is four Ounces twice or thrice a day. Take Eringo Roots preserv'd, six Drams, of Grass, two Drams, Leaves of Clivers, two handfuls; Agrimony and Liverwort, of each a hand∣ful; Raisins, two Ounces; white Saunders, a Dram; Liquorice, two

Drams; let them boil in four Pounds of Fountain Water, till a third part be consumed. The Dose is six Drams after a solid Me∣dicine.

To Rusticks and poor People, lest after a Fever they fall into the Scurvy, I use to prescribe, That twice a day they take the following Draught, viz. That they boil a handful and a half of the Roots and Leaves of Dandelion in a Pound and a half of Posset-Drink, till a third part be consumed: Strain it for two Doses.

Or, take Roots of Dandelion, half a handful; Seeds of Citrons, and of Carduus, of each a Dram: let them boil in Posset-drink, made with Apples, or a Pound and a half of Cyder, till a third part be consum'd.

Infusions.

The Apozems even now prescrib'd, will become more excellent, against the Scurvy, if being prepar'd without Licorice, they are strain'd into a Flaggon, into which are put Leaves of Brook-limes, and of Water-cresses or Cuckow-flowers, of each a handful, then make a warm and close Infusion for six hours; the Liquour being strain'd again, let it be kept in stopt Vessels. The Dose is six Ounces twice or thrice a day. Also let Whey, with the Roots of Dandelion, and the Leaves of Fumitory boil'd in it, be strain'd into a Vessel, wherein are Leaves of Brook-limes, and of small Celandine, of each a handful, make an Infusion, &c.

Chalibeat Infusions are wont to be frequently in use, viz. the Salt, Magristery, or Extract of Steel, are infus'd in some Decoction, or distil'd Water: Moreover as natural Spaw-waters, so also Ar∣tificial ones of our preparation of Steel dissolv'd in Fountain-water, and impregnated with the Infusion of Antiscorbuticks, are drank with great benefit.

Juices and Expressions.

TAke Leaves of Brook-limes and Water-cresses, of each four handfuls, of Wood-sorrel two handfuls, being bruis'd; let the Juice be prest forth, being stopt in a Glass, it will soon become clear by subsiding. The Dose is from an Ounce and a half to two Ounces with a fit Vehicle.

Take Leaves of Brook-limes four handfuls, stalks of English-rhu∣barb two handfuls, being bruis'd; let the Juice be prest forth.

Take Leaves of Brook-limes, Garden-cress, Cuckow-flower, the lesser Celandine, Wood-sorrel, of each two handfuls, being bruis'd;

let the Juice be prest forth; add Juice of Oranges a fourth part; let it be kept in a Glass.

Syrups.

AS often as a Syrup is requir'd to be added to any other Com∣position, we use either Syrup of the Juice of Wood-sorrel, or of Fumitory, or of Coral compound: Or also a Magistral Syrup may be prepar'd of the Juice of Brook-limes, after the same man∣ner as is prescrib'd above concerning the Juice of Scurvy-grass.

Distil'd Waters.

TEmperate Distil'd Waters are prepar'd by changing either the Ingredients, or the Menstruum, or both of them to∣gether.

As to the former we proceed after this mnner. Take Leaves of Brook-limes, Garden-cress, Fumitory, Harts-tongue, Liver-wort, Bawm, tops of Tamarisk and of Cypress, of each three handfuls, all the Saunders bruis'd, of each half an Ounce, Roots of sharp pointed Dock, of Polipody of the Oak, of each two Ounces, the outward Coats of four Oranges, Snails cleans'd two Pounds; being slic't and bruis'd, pour to them Whey made with Cider six Pounds; let them be distil'd in a common Still.

2. When the Menstruum is weak, let the Ingredients be mo∣derately hot.

Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass, Brook-limes, Cuckow-flower, Garden-cress, of each three handfuls, Rinds of four Oranges, Snails a Pound: being slic't small, pour to them common Whey, or fresh Milk six Pounds; distill them after the vulgar manner.

3. In a Scorbutick Atrophia, and Consumptive Disposition, where nothing hot, that may stir the Blood and Humours, and Spirits, ought to be admitted, let both the Ingredients and Men∣struum be temperate, and lenifiers of the Blood.

Take Leaves of Brook-limes, Cuckow-flower, Harts-tongue, Maiden∣hair, Liver-wort, Speedwel, Agrimony, of each two handfuls, Snails cleans'd a Pound and a half (or the Pulp of a Capon, or of a Sheeps-heart slic't) all being half boil'd and slic't, pour to them of fresh Milk (or Water of Fumitory) six Pounds; let them be di∣stil'd the common way.

Physick-wines and Beers.

Though the use of Wines may not seem proper in a Scurvy rais'd by reason of a hot, or Sulphureo-saline Dyscrasie of the Blood, nevertheless, if at any time the Stomach either being weak, or a long accustomance require the drinking of Wine, at leastwise being diluted with Water; a Eiquour of that kind being both temperate, and in some measure Physical, may be prepar'd: For especially small Wines diluted with Water, and impregnated with the Infusion of Bawm, Borrage, or of Burnet, or other things ought to be allow'd.

Moreover let Wines be prepar'd of the Juice of English Corinths, Cherries, and other horary Fruits; which when they are brought to a ripeness by Fermentation, are very grateful to the Stomach, and purifie the Blood: Again Cider, the familiar and genuine Wine, as it were, of our Country, so it be clean, mellow, and pleasant without any sharpness, does very much good in the Scurvy. Moreover in this Liquour drawn from the Lees; and put in small Vessels, Ingredients of various kinds may be infus'd: Of which kind are tops of the Pine-tree, or of Fir, Flowers of Tama∣risk; also shavings of Harts-horn, or of Ivory, which sweeten the Li∣quour, and preserve it from turning four, viz. in as much as the Particles of the fluid Salt which abound in the Cider, and are apt to make it sharp, are taken up in dissolving the foresaid Ingredients.

Temperate Physick Drinks may be prescrib'd after this man∣ner, viz. let a small Ale be prepar'd to fill a Vessel of five or six Gallons; into which instead of Hops, let tops of the Pine-tree, of Firr or Tamarisk, or the Raspings of either of their Woods be put; them after it has wrought, let the Roots of sharp pointed Dock dryed, be put into the Vessel (than which certainly there is no Remedy more excellent in the Scurvy: To these, sometimes let the Leaves of Brook-limes, Water-cresses, Winter-cresses, &c. be added: Also Pomecitrons or Oranges cut in slices.

Leaves of Harts-tongue, put into a little Vessel of midling Ale after it has wrought, gives it a grateful savour and odour.

CHAP. IV. Of the Curatory Indication of the Scurvy, where∣by we obviate the Disease it self, and the Symp∣toms that are most pressing.

HItherto we have shewn concerning the Cure of the Scurvy, what regards the Preservatory Indication, to wit, the re∣moval of the Morbifick Cause, viz. both the intentions of Curing, and the Remedies indicated: Which kind of method being sea∣sonably begun, and duly prosecuted, often does the whole work; viz. in as much as the Cause of the Disease, or the Root of it being cut off, the affects depending of it dye of their own ac∣cord: Nevertheless we must not go on with this course of Phy∣sick always directly, but turning aside several ways: For some∣times severe Accidents and Symptoms happen, which require a peculiar, and as it were, extraordinary Physical help, to which we must Immediately attend, and often interrupting the general Cure. Concerning these we must observe, that as affects which happen upon the Scurvy, require Appropriated Remedies, ac∣cording to the Nature of each of them, and to the disposition of the Patient, yet Antiscorbuticks ought always to be mixt with them: I will not be needful to order a Method of Cure against all diseases and affects, with which the Scurvy is wont to be attended, for so the whole Practice of Pyhsick would be here transcrib'd, but we shall have regard only to the Sym∣ptoms that are chiefly pressing, by which either the life of the Patient is endanger'd, or the principal Cure Obstructed; after what manner, and by what Medicines such are Cur'd, I shall now shew.

Of Curing a difficult Breathing, and Asthmatick Fits.

A Difficult Breathing, with a straitness of the Brest and Asthmatick Fits, ought presently to be removed by appro∣priated Remedies, to be prescrib'd besides the general Method, for other wise the diseased is soon brought in danger of life. Since these

sorts of evils arise in Scorbutical persons for the most part, either through the fault of the Blood stagnating in the Heart, or by reason of the Nerves of the Lungs being hindred in their Function, therefore they are Gur'd either by Cordial, or Anti∣convulsive Medicines. Spirit of Harts-horn, of Soot, of Blood, of Mans Scull, also the Tincture of Castoreum, of Antimony, or of Sulphur, Flowers of Sal Armoniack, Flowers of Benzoin, also Elixir Proprietatis are often of excellent use in these Cases, which kind of Medicines may be frequently given with a Dose of some Antiscorbutick Liquors, appropriated also against the foresaid af∣ects. For the appeasing of a sudden difficulty of Breathing which is meerly Convulsive, if at any time it very sorely presses, I have found no more present remedy then our Tincture of Laudanum with Opium given to ten or twelve drops in a convenient Liquour: For Sleep Stealing on, the Spirits remit of their disorders, and in the mean while being refresh't, they resume afterwards their accu∣stom'd offices after a due manner.

Take Roots of the great Bur Dock, of Butter-Burr, and Chervil of each an Ounce: Leaves of Maiden-hair, and Germander, of each a handful; Seeds of the Great Bur Dock, of Bastard Saffron of each three Drams, Raisins two Ounces; being slic't and bruis'd, let them Boyl in three pounds of Fountain water till the third part be Con∣sum'd, add of White-wine four Ounces, strain it into a Flagon, in∣to which put leaves of Scurvy-grass slic't a handful, Roots of Elecam∣pane preserv'd and small slic't half an Ounce, make a close and warm Infusion for three hours, the Dose is six Ounces twice or thrice a day.

Of Affects of the Stomach which are wont to happen in the Scurvy.

SCorbutical persons are wont sometimes to be troubled with a great Oppletion and Pain of the Stomach, also with a Nauseous∣ness and Belching, and sometimes also with a frequent and violent Vomiting; which kind of distempers sometimes arise from the Chyle, there degenerated into a Mass of Corruption, but oftner from the Morbifick Matter brought thither, either by the con∣veyance of the Blood, or also of the nervous Juice, and either depos'd within the Cavity of the Stomach, or fixt in the Plexus's of the Nerves and in the Membranes: In these kinds of Cases, if a Viscous, Stinking, or otherwise Offensive Matter, be cast up by Vomit, and there be a suspicion that the cause lyes within the Cavity of the Stomach, its proper to give a gentle Vomit of Wine of Squills, or of Salt of Vitriol; Or let the offend∣ing

Humours be Purg'd off by Stool, either by Extract of Rhu∣barb, or by its infusion, with the addition of Salt or Cream of Tar∣tar: But if the Matter sticks deeply within the Membranes, or the Plexus's of the Nerves; Diaphoreticks, or things, that mo∣derate the effervescencies of the Salts do better; Let Elixir Pro∣prietatis, or Flowers of Sal Armoniack, or Spirit of Soot be fre∣quently taken with Raddish Water Compound, water of Earthworms, or some other Antiscorbutick Liquour. Mean while, once or twice a day, let Fomentations of Wormwood, Centory, Flowers of Cammomil, Roots of Gentian, and other things Boyl'd in White-wine, be applyed to the Region of the Stomach, with Wollen Cloths dip't into it warm and wrung forth: The use of Glysters is proper, and Opiats often give great help.

Of the Belly Ach, and the Scorbutick Collick.

SCarce any affect requires a more speedy Physical help than the Colick and gripes in the Belly, which frequently hap∣pen in the Scurvy: Against these evils Glysters of various kinds, Fomentations, Liniments, and Cataplasms are administred: The use of Opiates is found to be very necessary here: Cer∣tainly in this Case that Praescript of Riverius chiefly has place, viz. that Purging Pills be given with Landanum mixt with them, for a plentiful Evacuation by seige, and Sleep being caus'd, the Fit often is taken away. Moreover Powders of Shells, by which the sharp Salts are Imbib'd, or fixt, conduce very much to the removal of the Morbifick cause; for example. Take Crabs Eyes and Egge Shells of each a Dram and a half, Pearl a Dram, make a Powder, divide it into twelve Doses, whereof let one be taken every sixth hour, with a Scorbutick Water, or with the Decoction of the Roots and Seeds of the great Burr Dock, as it is above describ'd, or also with Posset-Drink, having the Roots and Seeds of the great Bur Dock, and the Leaves of sweet Marjoram and Saxi∣frage Boyl'd in it, and the leaves of Scurvy-grass infus'd. In the Scorbutick Colick, also in the affects of the Stomack even now describ'd, the use of Purging Spaw Waters, such as we have at Epsom and Barnet often proves of an excellent effect.

Of the Diarrhaea or Loosness, and Dysenterical Affects.

AN inveterate Loosness, such as frequently happens to Scor∣butical Persons, ought by no means to be stopt with astrin∣gent Medicines, nor is it easily cured by altering Medicines, or by Antiscorbuticks; Spaw-waters, impregnated with Iron, or Vi∣triol, are the best Remedy for this Affect: Next these are Arti∣ficial Spaws, or Chalybeate Medicines, which are wont to give a mighty relief: Crocus Martis, duely prepared, is justly preferr'd before all others. I have often used the following Method with good Success: In the first place, Let a Purge be ordered of the Powder or Infusion of Rhubarb, with the addition of Aromatick A∣stringents, and now and then let it be repeated, viz. within the space of three or four days; on the other days let a Dose of the following E∣lectuary, to the quantity of a Nutmeg, be taken in the Morning, and at four of the Clock. Take Conserve of Common Wormwood, made with an equal part of Sugar, six Ounces; (in a hot Constitution, in∣stead of this, let Conserve of Red Roses be taken) Species Diarrhodon Abbatis, two Drams; white and red Saunders powdered, of each a dram; the best Crocus Martis, half an Ounce; with a sufficient quan∣tity of Syrup of Steel, make an Electuary.

In Dysenterical Affects, and the Tenesmus, you must proceed af∣ter the like method, especially let Spaw-waters be drank, if it may be; Moreover, let Glysters, prepar'd of vulnerary Decoctions, be frequently used. I lately Cured a certain person troubled with a long continued and dangerous Bloody Flux, who had daily voided many Ounces of Blood by Siege for a long time, with this Remedy; Take of the best Rhubarb powdered, an Ounce; red Saunders powdered, two Drams; Cinamon, a Dram; Crocus Mar∣tis, three Drams; Lucatellus Balsom, what suffices; make a Mass for Pills. He took four Pills sometimes every day, sometimes eve∣ry other day, for a Fortnight, and was perfectly cured. To this person also I prescrib'd a Physick Beer of the Infusion of the Roots of sharp pointed Dock, and the Leaves of Brooklimes, to be constantly taken.

Of Giddines, and Swooning, and other Affects usually joyned with it in the Scorbutick Affect.

A Giddiness often happens upon an inveterate Scurvy, to which also a frequent Swooning, and almost a continual danger of it, and likewise a numness in the Members, and a sense of Formication, running sometimes in one place, and sometimes in another, are wont to be joyned; which kind of Affects pro∣ceed from the failings of the Animal Spirits in their Origine it self, and sometimes from the failings of the same with the Nerves, both belonging to the Heart, and to the Members that serve for motion: and in regard thy depend on the Brain and the Genus Nervosum, their being very much over-charged with a Scorbutick Salt, they are not easily cured. Cephalick Remedies, such as are proper in a Giddiness and Paralytick Affects raised by themselves, ought to be given with Antiscorbuticks mixt with them: therefore in the first place, a Provision being made for the whole, by fit Catharticks, and such as are proper in the Scurvy, you may proceed after this manner with appropriated Remedies against the foresaid Affects.

About the beginning of the Cure, let Blood be drawn from the Vessels of the Fundament by Leeches; and unless somewhat indi∣cates the contrary, let it be frequently repeated afterward.

Take Powder of the Root of Male-Peony, half an Ounce, red Coral prepar'd, two Drams; mans Scull, Elks-hoof, of each a Dram: Take double refined Sugar, dissolved in Peony-water Compound, or in the Water of Horse-raddish, and boyled to a Consistency for Tablets, eight Ounces; Oyl of Amber excellently rectified, half a Dram: Make Ta∣blets according to Art. Take to a Dram and a half, or two Drams, Morning and Evening, drinking after it a Draught of the following distill'd Water.

Take Leaves of Scurvy-grass, Brooklimes, Water-cresses, Lillies of the Valley, Sage, Rosemary, Betony, of each three handfulls; green Wallnuts, a Pound; the Rinds of six Oranges and four Lemons; fresh Roots of Male-Peony, a Pound and a half; being sliced and bruised, pour to them of the Phlegm of Vitriol, a Pound; Whey made with Cyder, five Pounds; let them the distill'd after the common way; let the whole Liquour be mixt together. The Dose is from three Ounces to four.

Of Haemorrhagies.

Haemorrhagies often threaten a mighty danger in the Scor∣butick butick Affect, the Diseased being thereby thrown headlong as it were into the Jaws of Death, whil'st the Blood breaks froth almost to a Swooning, sometimes from the Nostrils, sometimes by the Menses, or Haemorrhoids: Moreover, being sometimes cast up from the Lungs or Stomach, it gives us a Suspicion of an Ulcer, or at leastwise of a great weakness lying hid in the part affected. Wherefore excretions of Blood, if they are either immoderate, or happen in an improper place, ought to be stopt for the present, and prevented for the future.

For stopping Blood when it breaks forth immoderately, the method is vulgarly enough known, and there remains nothing more, or peculiar to be done, when happening in this Affect by reason of the Scurvy, than on other Occasions. But yet to pre∣vent Haemorrhagies, let Remedies be administred which take away the Acrimony of the Blood, and constringe the over-lax and gaping Mouths of the Vessels: both intents are excellently perform'd by Chalybeate Medicines: the use of Vitriolick Spaw-wa∣ters is very proper for this purpose: Moreover, Infusions, Ex∣tracts, Salts, and the like Preparations of Steel, which contain chiefly the saline or vitriolick part of the Iron, are always very profitable a∣gainst Haemorrhagies. We have shewn before by what means Iron and its preparations produce these effects, and divers others, in Human Bodies.

Take Conserves of Red Roses, and of the Wild Rose of each three Ounces, Species Diarrhodon Abbatis, and Diatrion Santalon of each a Dram and a half, Salt of Steel a Dram, Crocus Martis ex∣cellently prepar'd two Drams, Red Coral prepar'd a Dram and a half, with a sufficient quantity of Syrupe of Steel, make an Electua∣ry, let the quantity of a Nutmeg be taken thrice a day, drinking af∣ter it a draught of an Appropriated Liquor.

To poor people I use to prescribe thus; Take tops of Cypress and of stinging Nettles, of each four Ounces; Brooklimes, two Ounces; let them be bruised in a Mortar, with ten Ounces of double refined Sugar; then add Scales of Iron very finely powdered, an Ounce; Pow∣der of white and red Saunders, of each two Drams; with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of the Juice of nettles, make an Electuary: The Dose is the quantity of a Wallnut twice a day.

Take of Distill'd Water, or of a temperate Antiscorbutick Deco∣ction, two Pounds; our Steel prepar'd, two Drams; mix them in a Glass: The Dose is three or four Ounces.

Take tops of stinging Nettles, Leaves of Brooklimes, of each Four Handfuls; being bruised, let the Juice be prest sorth; keep it in a Glass. The Dose is two or three Ounces twice a day, with an An∣tiscorbutick distill'd Water.

Of the Distempers of the Mouth, happening by rea∣son of the Scurvy.

ASsoon as the Scorbutick Taint seizes the parts of the Mouth, that the Gums swell, and their flesh becomes Spongy, pre∣sently let Remedies be carefully administred, which may keep them from Putresaction: Amongst these, washings of the Mouth, and Liniments are of chiefest use, both when the Disease is be∣ginning about those parts, and when it is come to a greater height there; though as they regard various intents, so they ought to be diversly prepar'd, viz. the flesh of the Gums, when first it swells, ought to be freed from the incursions of the Blood, or of the salt and corrupted Serum, and to be dried: afterward, the flesh of the same grown flaccid, and faln from the Teeth, ought to be freed from Putrefaction, and also to be constring'd, that it might hold the Teeth the faster. For these and haply other intents, let Gargarisms, or Washings of the Mouth be ordered, of divers kinds; of all which, in a manner the chief ingredients are Vegetables boiled, and Minerals infused: The Herbs or Roots, which are boiled in a fit Liquor, viz. in Water or Wine, for the most part are smart or bitter, or stiptick; and then those Decoctions are impregnated either with a volatile, lixivial, vitriolate, Chalybeate, or aluminous Salt. I shall here set down certain forms of each kind.

1. When therefore the flesh of the Gums first swells, and becomes spongy by reason of the Influx of the salt and corrupted Blood and Serum, Take the middle Bark of Elder, and of Elm, of each half a Handful; Leaves of Savory, Sage, wild Mustard, Garden∣cresses, of each a Handful; Roots of Pelitory of Spain, two Drams; being sliced and bruised, let them boyl in three Pounds of Water of Lime, till a third part be consumed; if sweetning be required, add Honey of Roses, two Ounces; make a Gargarism. Or, take Vitriol Camphorated, an Ounce; (vulgarly with us it's called by the name of Captain Green's Power) Fountain-water, two Pounds; mix them in a Glass; shake it and then when the Liquor is grown clear by setling, let it be used. Or, prepare a Lixivium of the Ashes of Broom, or of Rosemary, or of Tartar and Nitre Calcin'd: In three

Pounds of this, boyl Leaves of Savory, Time, Sage, and Rosemary, of each a Handful; let the straining be poured on two Handfuls of Scur∣vy-grass; make a warm and close Infusion for three hours: Let it be strained again, and kept for Washing the Mouth several times in a day.

For the same Intent, let Liniments also be applied betwixt whiles, and espectally in the Night, that their Virtue may be conveyed to the Diseased even when they are asleep. Amongst Authors, a com∣mon, famous, and long tryed Medicine is found: Take the Pow∣der of the Leaves of Columbines, the Curl'd Mint, Sage, Nutmegs, Myrrh, (which last nevertheless may be sometimes omitted) of each two Drams; Burnt Allom, half an Ounce; Virgin-Honey, four Ounces, or what suffices; make a Liniment according to Art.

2. If at any time the Flesh of the Gums growing Flac∣cid falls from the Roots of the Teeth, let a Gentle Scarrifica∣tion be often us'd, and also let the mouth be wash't with this Decoction. Take tops of Brambles and Cypress, Leaves of Sani∣cle, and Cuckow Flowers, of each a handful, Boyl them in three pounds of Water, in which Iron has been quencht till a third part be consum'd, to the straining ad Hony of Roses two Ounces mix them.

Let a Liniment of this kind be applyed. Take Powder of the Roots of Florentine Orris, Leaves of Sage and St. Johns Wort of each two Drams. Bole Armeniack, Sal Prunella of each a Dram, warm Virgin Honey what suffices, let them be incorporated by stirring them.

3. When the Gums Putrifie, and are Corrupted, and withal the Teeth being Rotten grow loose, and emit a Stinking. Smell, let stronger Medicines, and such as greatly resist putrefaction, be used, an infusion of Vitriol Camphorated, also of the Lapis Medica∣mentosus, have chiefly place here.

Or, Take Roots of Gentian, and of Round Birth-wort slic't, of each half an Ounce, Leaves of the Lesser Centory, Pontick Worm∣wood, Savory, Columbines of each a handful, let them boyl in three pounds of Lime Water, or of a Lixivial Water, also sometimes in Water in which Iron has been quencht, sometimes in Alum Wa∣ter till a third part be consum'd; to the straining add Crude Hony two or three Ounces; mix them.

4. If the falling out of the Teeth be chiefly fear'd. Take Barks of the Roots of the Sloe Tree an Ounce, Tormentil and whole Bistort of each a handful, Pomgranate Rinds and Balaustia of each half an Ounce; Boyl them in three pounds of Fountain Water; to the Straining ad Alum two or three Drams, of the best Hony two Ounces, mix them. Take Vitriol Complorated, Burnt Harts-horn

of each a Dram, Nutmegs half a Dram, of the best Hony what suffices; make a Liniment. Or, Take Powder of the Roots of Bi∣stort, Pomgranate-rinds, Bole Armoniack, Burnt Allum of each a Dram, Hony of Roses what suffices, add Spirst of Vitriol a Scruple, make a Liniment.

5. If at any time putrid and profoun'd Ulcers (as it sometimes happens) infests the Gums, or other parts of the Mouth, let the forementioned stronger Medicines be often ad∣ministred: Moreover let a Cloth dipt in Ʋnguentum Egyptiacum, dis∣solv'd in Spirit of Wine, or in an infusion of the Lapis Medicamen∣tosus, or of Sublimate, be now and then applyed to the place affected. In these Cases let the Cure be committed to to a skilful Chi∣rurgeon.

Of Pains that are wont to trouble the Legs, and sometimes the other Limbs, and that chiefly by Night.

AGainst these Pains, in regard that sometimes they are very vehement, besides the general method of Curing the Scurvy, special Remedies, and such as obviate that symptom are Indica∣ted; therefore in such a case, a course of purging being well ordered, also the Person being Blooded (if need be) we ought to set upon the Disease both with inward Physick, and outward Topicks.

As to the former, such things as promote Sweat, and also an evacuation by Urine often give help, in as much as they draw another way the lixivial and sharpish Recrements of the Blood and nervous Juice, that are wont to be gather'd together in the Part affected; but especially let those things be given which free both Humours from their evil Disposition, viz. both saline and sharpish: Powders of Shells, Crabs Eyes, the Jaw-bone of a Pike, also the Spirit and Flowers of Sal Armoniack, Spirit of Blood, Tincture of Antimony, of Coral; Decoctions of the Roots and Seeds of the great Burdock, Ground-pine, and Germander do excellently well; and let those kinds of Remedies be taken twice or thrice a day with Antiscor∣butick distill'd Waters. A Water distill'd from Horse-dung with the addition of Scurvy-grass, Brook-limes, Ground-pine, and the like, is sometimes very profitable; mean while let Fomentations, Liniments, Cataplasms, or applications of other kinds, which appease Pains, be outwardly Administred.

Of the Scorbutick Gout moving from one place to another.

OF this Affect Eugalenus, Wierus, Medicus Campensis, and Geor∣gius Horstius have written peculiar Tracts: If is said to be very Common in the Northern Parts of Belgia; a certain token of which appears by putting a live Earth-worm to the place af∣fected, for its presently wont to spring, bend and knit it self, and to faint and dye; which indeed I have found pretty often to happen in this Disease even amongst us; which effect seems to proceed from the very sharp, and as it were Corrosive Effluvia, that plen∣tifully flow from the place Pain'd and Swoll'n: By Reason of the effect of that Experiment, the Cure of the Disease is wont to be undertaken by Worms, viz. by Remedies prepar'd of them; though I know not whether being inwardly taken they will as certainly destroy the Disease, as being outwardly applied they are dispatcht by it. However, Earth-worms, as also Snailes, Millepedes, and other exanguious little Animals, in as much as they abound with a volatile Salt, often prove a pretty efficacious Remedy.

Henricus Petraeus tells us of two Remedies very much us'd in Westphalia against this Disease. Take nine Earth-worms, bruis'd with two Spoonfuls of Wine in a Mortar, and strain'd through a Cloth; to these let half a Measure of Wine be added, let three Spoon∣fuls be taken at Morning, Noon, and Night for many days. 2. Take two or three Branches of Savine, Virgin Hony two spoonfuls, boyl them with a Measure of Wine, till it pitches two Fingers: Let the strain∣ing be taken to four or five spoonfuls thrice a day. To the former Medicine a certain vulger potion, mentioned by Horstius, called, Monasteriensis is allied: Take Sage, Betony, Rue, of each five Leaves, Earthworms with Circles about their Necks, in number five, a little Savine, and Roots of Devils-bit in number two, let them be bruis'd with Water of Elder Flowers, and let the exprest Juice be given for raising a Sweat; A like prescript also is propos'd in Fore∣stus à Medico Campensi.

Certainly in this affect, the Magistral Water of Earth-worms prescrib'd in the London Dispensatory is of excellent use. And I have often given with good success the Spirit and Salt of Harts-horn, Spirit of Blood, and Flowers of Sal Armoniack. Moreover teslaceous Powders, viz. Crabs Eyes, Coral, Pearl, and Vegetables which are accounted Antidotes against the Gout, as Roots of round Broth-wort, Leaves of Ground-pine, Germander, and the like, being

joyn'd with Antiscorbuticks conduce to the Cure of this Disease; out∣wardly for appeasing Pains, besides Anodynes which are us'd under the form of a Liniment, Fomentation, or Cataplesm: Oyl of Earth∣worms, of Frogs, and Toads are often very availing. I have been told by a worthy Person who was very obnoxious to this Disease, that Water drawn by Destillation from the Contents taken out of the Stomach of a Beefnewly kill'd, and Cloaths being dipp'd into it when Warm, and applied as a Fomentation, would most certainly give ease.

Of Convulsive and Paralytick Affects, that are wont to ensue upon the Scurvy.

IF at any time the Scrobutick taint passing into the Brain, and Genus Nervosum, greatly corrupts the Liquor residing in each Province; thereupon divers kind of Affects, and especially Para∣lytical or Convulsive are wont to arise; viz. according as the Morbisick Matter brought in to be Animal Aeconomy is either Narcotick or Explosive: Which kind of Affects, though in this case they are Symptomatical, yet when they are grown to a hight, they challenge both the name, and the better part of the Cure before the Scurvy their parent; so that the diseased are said to be troubled with the Palsy, or Convulsions, rather than with the Scurvy, also Medicines design'd against those Affects, have the preference to any others at the same time required by reason of other intents.

For Curing these kinds of Affects hapning upon the Scurvy, let this chiefly be observ'd, that Remedies appropriated to those same be duly Complicated with Antiscorbuticks. As to Convulsive Diseases, the Remedies that are in the foregoing Tract may ea∣sily be Transfer'd hither: And as to the Palsey, Lethargy, and many other Affects of the Brain, and Genus Nervosum, we shall discourse of them particulary in some other Tract.

Of the Atrophia, also of the Scorbutick Fever which is often the Cause of the other, or its Effect.

THere are three kinds of Causes, having some orderly depen∣dance on each other, from one or more of which a Scor∣butical Atrophia is wont to be produc'd without a Consumption

of the Lungs, viz. either the Chyle is perverted through the fault of the first passages, so that a laudable or sufficient Store or it is not convey'd to the Blood. Secondly, or being brought into it yet through the fault of the Blood it is not duly chang'd into Blood and a nutritive Juice. Thirdly and lastly, the nutritive Juice prepar'd in the Mass of Blood, is not duly assimilated to the solid parts, through the fault of the nervous Liquor.

The Remedies appropriated to this Symptom regard either the amendment of the first Passages, or the correction of the foresaid Humours. As to the former, it sometimes happens by reason of the Tone of the Stomach being broken, or its Ferment being vitiated, that the Food taken into it is not duly concocted, but passes into an unprofitable Mass of Corruption. For these sorts of evils let gentle Catharticks, Digestives and Corroboratives be us'd: But the work of Chylification is oftner hindred by reason of a Schirrous Tumour rais'd sometimes in the Ventricle, sometimes in the Mesentery, or in other adjacent parts: In this Case Deobstruents and Dissolvents are proper, the use of Spaw-waters has the preferance to any other Rinds of Medicines: Moreover, Fo∣mentations, Liniments, or Plaisters ought to be outwardly ap∣plyed.

Again, it sometimes happens that without any Tumour rais'd in the Viscera, the Lacteal Vessels are so much obstructed by a gross and viscous matter sticking in them, that a sufficient store of the Chyle, though it be laudable enough and plentifully pre∣par'd, is not convey'd into the Blood. In this affect the Belly for the most part discharges Excrements plentifully, but they are White like coagulated Milk, and not as other Excrements ting'd with Choler or Stinking: The reason of which is, that the Blood being depauperated, more sparingly engenders Choler, from the eflusion of which into the Intestines the Colour and Stink of the Excrements proceed: In this case Spaw-waters are chiefly proper; also Deobstruents being inwarldly given, let Liniments, Fomen∣tations and Baths be outwardly us'd.

Against the Marasmus, caus'd through the fault of the Blood degenerated from its Crasis, Asses or Cows Milk, diluted with Barley Water, or a proper distill'd Water often give help. Snail Broaths, or Milk Drinks with Snals boyl'd in them; moreover Waters distill'd of Milk, or Whey with Snails and temperate An∣tiscorbutick Herbs, are greatly conducing in this case: For this end also Decoctions of vulnerary Herbs, and Antiscorbutick Herbs infus'd in them, are taken with good success: Mean while let fri∣ctions be daily us'd to the outward parts with Cloaths moistned and made Warm with Ʋnguenticum Resumptivum, or fresh oyl of Almonds.

When an Atrophia arises through the fault of the Blood, being affected, and consequently perverting the nutritive Juice, it has for the most part a Feaver of irregular returns joyned with it, with Night-sweats, viz. in as much as the Mass of Blood is forc't to irregular and inconstant Effervescencies from that degenerated Juice, and the matter so offending is cast forth by Night-sweats; in this case, a thin Dyet being ordered, let Decoctions and Di∣still'd Waters, that fuse and purifie the Blood, be frequently ta∣ken, with Antiscorbuticks mixt with them.

Take shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn, of each two Drams and a half; candied Eringo Roots, six Drams; Roots of Chervil and Dan∣delion, of each half an Ounce; Leaves of Harts tongue and Liver∣wort, of each a handful; one Apple slic't; Raisins, a handful; Let them boil in four Pounds of Fountain-water till a third part be con∣sumed; let the straining be poured on Leaves of Brooklimes bruised, two handfuls; Sal Prunella, a Dram and half, or fixt Nitre, a Dram; make a close and warm Infusion for three Hours: Let four or six Ounces be taken thrice a Day.

Take Leaves of Brooklimes, four Pounds; Roots and Leaves of Sor∣rel and Dandelion, of each two Handfuls; Snails cleansed, a Pound and a half; the Rinds of two Oranges; being sliced and bruised, pour to them of new Milk, or of Whey made with Cider or fresh Juice of Apples, six pounds; let them be Distill'd after the vulgar way: Let three Ounces be taken twice or thrice a day.

Of the Rheumatism.

WE conclude that this Affect proceeds from the congress and mutual effervescency of Salts that are of a different origine and Nature, viz. of the fixt Salt coming from the Blood, and of the acid Salt coming from the nervous Liquor: The Subjects of both Salts are superfluous Dregs, depos'd from the foresaid Humours forc'd into certain Turgescencies, and discharg'd sometimes on these Parts, sometimes on those: Wherefore that the Disease may be Cur'd, both let the Turgescencies of the Hu∣mours be appeas'd, and their superfluous Dregs be purg'd forth, and let the Salts degenerating both ways be reduc'd to a State of volatility.

For the two first intents a gentle Purge and Bleeding are chiefly requir'd, and now and then, as the strength will bear, they ought to be repeated; and also let Diureticks and Diaphoreticks be now and then given which any way convey forth the Saline Serosities. And that these Evacuations proceeding calmly, and

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with a well-bearing, and Nature assisting, may succeed the better, let Opiats frequently be us'd. For the other Intent in which the chief stress of the Cure consists, Alteratives, and especially such as are endow'd with a volatile Salt, greatly conduce: Wherefore in this case its a vulgar, but no contemptible Medicine, to give twice or thrice a day to four or six ounces of the Infusion of a Stone∣horse Dung, made in a small Wine or Ale, or in an appropriate Di∣still'd Water: and a Medicine somewhat more grateful, and no less efficacious, may be prepar'd, if a Water be distill'd from that Dung, with Antiscorbutick Ingredients infused in White-wine or Ci∣der, which may be given to three or four Ounces twice a day. I have often prescribed Spirit of Harts-horn, and of Blood, in this case, with a mighty benefit to the Diseased.

Of the Dropsie.

WHereas we conclude the Dropsie, which is wont to hap∣pen upon the Scurvy, to be twofold, viz. habitual and occasional; Concerning the Cure of the first, for the most part all labour is lost; for no Remedies are able to restore the Li∣ver and the Lungs, and sometimes other Viscera, wholly vitia∣ted, and the Crasis of the Blood utterly subverted: In such a case, if any thing seems fit to be done, the Scope of Physick is very narrow; for there is no room left for Catharticks, nor Dia∣phoreticks, nor for a strong Evacuation of any other kind: We must insist chiefly, and in a manner only, on Diureticks and Cor∣dials. For these ends let Elixirs, Tinctures, Electuaries, Pow∣ders, Infusions, Decoctions, distill'd Waters, &c. which consist partly of Antihydropicks, partly of Antiscorbuticks be given; the forms of which I have nevertheless thought good to omit, as signifying little or nothing.

The Scorbutick Dropsie, raised on a sudden from an evident cause, or on some accident, often admits of Cure; for the more easie performance of which, the tumults of Nature ought in the first place to be appeased, and its disorders composed. Where∣fore if Watchings continue very offensive, let sleep be procured by the use of Opiats, and now and then, as often as it seems ve∣ry necessary, let it be procured again. As soon as strength will give leave for Purging, let the following Powder be taken, and let it be now and then repeated at due intervals of time: mean while let the Belly be kept soluble by the frequent use of Cly∣sters.

Take Mercurius Dulcis, a Scruple; Rosin of Julape, from five Grains to ten; Cloves, half a Scruples; mix them; let it be given in a Spoonful of Panada; at other times let Diureticks, and some∣times Diaphoreticks be carefully taken.

Take Tincture of Salt of Tartar, impregnated with the Infusion of Millepedes, as much as you think good; let it be given from a Scruple to two Scruples twice a day, with an appropriated Liquor.

Take Spirit of Sal Armoniack, what you think good; the Dose is from half a Scruple to fifteen drops, after the same manner.

Take Millepedes prepar'd, three Drams; Salt of Tartar, two Drams; Nutmegs, a Dram; mix them; make a Powder. The Dose is half a Dram twice a day, with an appropriated Liquour.

Or, Take Bees dryed and powdered, two Drams, Seeds of Bishops∣weed powdered, a Dram; Oyle of Juniper, a Scruple; Turpentine, what suffices; make a Mass of Pills. The Dose is from a Scruple to half a Dram twice a day, drinking after it an appropriated Liquor.

Take Leaves of both Scurvy-grasses, Watercresses, Dittander, Ar∣smart, of each three handfuls; Roots of Aron, Briony, Florentine Orrice, of each four Ounces; the middle Bark of Elder, two Hand∣fuls; Winters-bark, two Ounces; the outward Coats of four Oran∣ges, and of three Lemons; fresh Juniper-berries, four Ounces; being slic't and bruised, pour to them of Rhenish-wine three Pounds; Wine of the Juice of Elder-berries, two Pounds; Distill them the vulgar way; let all the Water be mix't. The Dose is from three Ounces to four twice a day, after a Dose of some one of the Medicines above prescrib'd.

Let Decoctions and Physick-Beers be prepar'd, such as above writ∣ten, Antihydropick Ingredients being added to them.

Of the Crackling of the Bones.

THere remains yet a symptom which happens sometimes upon the Scurvey, though rarely, viz. the crackling of the Bones, into the Nature and Cure of which it seems to concern us to en∣quire. I have known some, though scarce above three or four, who being long Sick of the Scurvy, found themselves afflicted by it, not only in the Humours, and the Carneous Parts, but at length in the very Bones: For as often as they mov'd any Mem∣ber any way, the ends of the Bones, as though they were bare, rubbing against each other, made a mighty noise: Moreover, when they lay in their Bed, and there turned themselves from one side to the other, a mighty Crackling was heard, as it were of a Scelleton forcibly shaken, terrifying even the persons af∣fected.

The conjunct cause of this haply may seem to be, That the soft Interstice of the Bones, viz. the Fat, Membranes, and Liga∣ments being greatly consumed, their Joints, as Mill-stones when bare without any Corn, by reason of their mutual rubbing a∣gainst each other, make a noise: But the thing appears to be otherwise, because neither persons mightily consumed have this Cracking of the Bones, nor do persons troubled with this Af∣fect always waste away; wherefore, we say rather that the im∣mediate Cause of this Symptom is the driness of the Bones, or the defect of the Marrow properly so called, which ought to be contain'd within the Cavities of the Bones, and especially with∣in their Joynts; for since all Bones include a Marrow or unctu∣ous Humour, either in the great Cavities, or in the Pores and small Passages every where made in them, we conclude the use of this to be both, that the Bones irrigated with the same, may become less brittle, and likewise that that Humour, distilling from the Joynts of the Bones, may make slippery all the Joints, as the Joynts of a Machine besmear'd with Grease, and may so facilitate the motions of them; wherefore the ends of the Bones, destitute of this Marrow, make a noise just as the Wheels of a Cart seldom greased.

If you ask why that unctuous substance of the Joints fails; I say this seems chiefly to happen because the Pores and Passages of the Bones are so much obstructed by a certain extraneous Matter, haply of a Slimy or Tartarous Nature, brought to them from the Blood, that they do not sufficiently receive the Balsam de∣sign'd for them, nor distil it forth for moistning their Joints; but it will not be easie (the thing being wholly in the dark) to search out the particular Reasons of this Affect.

Nor are we less at a loss when we proceed to the Cure of this Disease; for though the Primary Indication, viz. the moistning of the Bones or of the Joints be obvious enough, yet it does not so plainly appear after what Manner, and by what Remedies it is perform'd. For in this case I have known a great many kinds of Medicines, and various ways of Administrations tryed wholly in vain. A certain Ingenious Man, extreamly troubled with this Disease for many years, tryed the Advice of many, and those Fa∣mous Physicians; Besides the usual Remedies against the Scurvy (together with frequent Bleedings and Purgings, from which he found not the least Relief) he try'd moreover various and great Courses of Physick, without any success: For after a me∣thod us'd by one Physician for some Months without Effect, he presently betook himself to another, and so afterwards to many; mean while, by each always a new way of Curing, untryed by the former, is prescribed; Fomentations, Liniments, and Fri∣ctions

are applied daily to each of his Joints; he us'd for some time the hot Baths of Bathe; afterward Spaw-waters of various kinds, sometimes these, sometimes others are drank: Which giving no help, a Chalybeat course, at another time a Decoction of temperate Woods, sometimes a Milk Diet; and at all time Electuaries, distil'd Waters, Apozems, and other Reme∣dies prepar'd of Antiscorbuticks are taken: And when he had liv'd after this manner, above three years almost constantly, Medicè & miserè, there was not made the least progress towards the Cure of the fore-mentioned Affect; yet in the mean time he was pretty well as to his Strength and Stomach, married a Wife, and as to the other more common Symptoms of the Scurvy he was better. So that it hence appears, how stubborn a Disease, and unconquerable by almost any Medicines, the crackling of the Bones is; which I have known confirmed also in others troubled with this Affect, and wholly cluding the endeavours of a Physician.

CHAP. V. Of the Vital Indication, in which are included Cordial Medicines, Opiats, and the Diet requisit in the Scurvy.

HItherto we have set forth at large the Indications both Pre∣servatory and Curatory, which belong to the Method of Curing the Scurvy; there remains yet to speak of the Vital In∣dication, to wit, that it may be declar'd by what Method, and with what Remedies the powers of the Diseas'd, which either being too apt to faint, may be upheld, or being weakn'd or dejected may be restor'd: For these ends Cordials and Opiats, according to the Exigencies of the Diseas'd, are prescrib'd to be taken, and moreover let a right Form of Diet, if at any time it

be needful, Resumptive, and always Antiscorbutick be prescrib'd.

As to Cordial Medicines, viz. such a exagitate the Blood stagnating in the Heart, renew its flame half extinct, restore the opprest, or distracted Animal Spirits to their liberty and due irradiation, it is obvious that many Remedies, which are pro∣perly call'd Antiscorbuticks, perform these intents, of which kind are, Raddish-water compound, the Magistral Water of Snails and of Earth-worms, Spirit of Harts-horn, of Soot, Powders of Shells, with many other things, which may be taken with good effect, not only at certain hours, and according to a set Method, but likewise as occasion presents, as often as a Swooning, or any failings of the Spirits happen.

But besides, those who are found to be very obnoxious to Passions of the Hearts, frequent Faintings, a Nauseousness, Vo∣miting, Trembling, Vertigo and other terrible Symptoms, may also have in a readiness, Medicines of another kind, more pro∣perly Cordial, with hich, all failings of the Spirits are imme∣diately reliev'd: In this case, Quercetan's great Elixir of Life, does excellently well; the second Water in the distillation of the same Elixir being sweetned, may be given to a spoonfull; also Aqua Mirabilis, Aqua Bezoartica, Gilberts temperate Water, Treacle-water, Cinnamon∣water; to each of which, or to a Composition of them, let the Con∣fection of Alkermes, the Confection of Hyacinth, Powder of Pearl, or Magistery of Coral, Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers or of Coral, of Ci∣tron-pills, of Cinnamon be added: Of these, and others of this kind various forms of Medicines are wont to be prescrib'd. For example;

Take Treacle-water, and Aqua Mirabilis, of each three Ounces, Bawm-water four Ounces; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers an Ounce and a half; Confection of Alkermes a Dram; mix them. The Dose is three or four Spoonfuls.

Or, Take Aqua Mirabilis six Ounces; Water of Snails and of Wallnuts, of each two Ounces, Pearl powdred a Scruple; Confection of Hyacinth a Dram; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers an Ounce; mix them.

When Scorbutick Women are wont to be troubled with Hy∣sterick Fits, and Men with Convulsions Take Water of Bawm and Pennyroyal, of each three Ounces; compound Briony-water four Ounces, Tincture of Castoremn half an Ounce; Tincture of Saffron a Dram; Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers a Dram and a half; Castoreum tyed in a Nodulus, and hung in the Glass a Dram. The Dose is three or four Spoonfuls.

For those who desire rather to have Cordial Medicines in a solid form; let Electuaries or Tablets be prescrib'd.

Take Conserve of Clove-gilliflowers three Ounces; Confection of Alkermes half an Ounce; Pearl powdred a Dram, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Coral; make an Electuary.

Take Species Diamargariti Frigidi, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each a Dram and a half; Pearl powdred a Dram; double refin'd Sugar dissolv'd in Treacle-water, and boil'd to a consistency for Ta∣blets four Ounces; Oyl of Cinnamon six drops; make Tablets accord∣ing to Art.

As to Opiats and Anodine Medicines, in some certain affects of Scorbutick persons, I had rather be without any kind of Medi∣cine besides, than the use of them. For not only against obsti∣nate Pains and Watchings, but in Asthmatick Fits, in Vomitings, a Diarrhaea, and also in a Vertigo and Convulsive Passions, as often as nature being irritated above measure, falls into extream irregularities, I have found no Remedy more excellent, than to procure sleep by giving a safe Narcotick: Mean while there is need of a very great caution, that they be not taken, if at any time something in the Constitution of the Diseas'd, or in the nature or time of the Disease, forbids the giving of such a Medicine.

Besides the Hypnoticks usual in Apothecaries Shops, viz. Lauda∣num Opiatum, Nepenthe, the Philonia, Diacodium, and Syrup of red Poppies, two other preparations of Opium are known to me, which I use to give in the form of a Tincture, or of a liquid Ex∣tract from ten drops to twelve with some other appropriate Liquour.

The Diet, or Form of Living to be observ'd in Scorbutical persons, is of no small importance in the Method of Cure; for that being neglected or ill ordered, the other Prescripts of Phy∣sick do little or nothing towards Health: The Rule of Diet being extended to various things, is chiefly concerning the Air and Situation of the Habitation, Meat and Drink, and the motion or rest of the Body.

As to the first, what kind of habitations and places of Resi∣dence, in respect of the Heavens and the Earth, cause the Scurvy, and consequently ought to be shun'd, it is sufficiently manifested by what we have said before: Those that endeavour to prevent or cure this Disease, ought to take care to choose an Air mo∣derately hot and dry, and which also is subtle and pure, and suf∣ficiently expos'd to the Winds.

Such Food only is proper which has a good Juice, and is easie of Concoction, let such as is gross, viscous, and dryed in the Smoak, mouldy and rank, also such as is unfermented or greatly compounded, all manner of Pulse, Milk-meats and unripe Fruits

be shun'd. I so much disapprove things preserv'd, or very much season'd with Sugar, that I judge the invention of it, and its im∣moderate use to have very much contributed to the vast increase of the Scurvy in this late Age: For that Concret consists of a very sharp and corrosive Salt, though mitigated with a Sulphur, as it plainly appears from its Chymical Analysis: For Sugar di∣stil'd by it self, yields a Liquour scarce inferior to Aqua Stygia: And if you distil it in a Vefica with a great deal of Fountain-water, pour'd to it, though the fixt Salt will not so ascend, ne∣vertheless a Liquour will come from it, like the Hottest Aqua Vitae, burning and very pungent; when therefore Sugar mixt almost with any sorts of Food, is taken by us in so great a plenty, how probable is it that the Blood and Humours are ren∣dred salt and sharp, and consequently Scorbutical by its daily use? A certain famous Author has laid the cause of the English Consumption on the immoderate use of Sugar, amongst our Countrymen: I know not whether the cause of the spreading Scurvy, may not also be rather hence deriv'd.

Let the Drink be midling Ale, mild and clear, and also let it be altered with Antiscorbutick Ingredients without an un∣grateful favour: Let it not be thick and sweet, nor also too old and turning sharp: Let this be taken in a moderate quantity, and in a manner only at the set hours of Dinner and Supper: The custom which has prevail'd with many, viz. that assoon as they are out of their Beds, they presently indulge themselves to drink a large Mornings Draught (as they call it) seems very pernicious: For by this means the Blood Vessels are too much fill'd, a store of new Chyle being almost continually sent into them, and Crudities and Filthy Morbifick Dregs are engendred in the Blood, and the office of Sanguification is greatly debi∣litated: Truly it is better for most Men (unless it be those whose Ventricle, as long as it is empty, is wont to be plainfully contracted and corrugated) to keep themselves fasting till Din∣ner time: Nor is that vulgar custom less contrary to Health, to swill themselves with much Drink presently after Meat: Wines and Ciders, so they are mellow, pure, and not adulterated, being taken in a moderate quantity, do not offend: But the same being counterfeit, musty, austere, or turning sharp, there is nothing more hurtful or injurious to our Health

Exercises and Labour are so notably conducing both to the cure and prevention of the Scurvy, that many by this sole Re∣medy, either preserve or recover an entire Health: For the Blood

and Nervous Liquour of persons that lead an idle and sedentary Life, (like Stagnating Waters) contract a clamminess and mouldiness: But upon the assiduous and much motion of the Body, the Humours and Spirits become clear, and get a vigour, the Excrementitious and Heterogeneous Particles evaporate, the stuffings of the Bowels are purg'd, and their Tone is corroborated.

CHAP. VI. Some Stories and rare Cases of Persons troubled with the Scurvy.

A Woman of Renown, tall and graceful, about the twenty fifth year of her Age, had contracted a Scorbutick Taint, by reason of various errours committed in Diet. The signs of which were a Spontaneous Lassitude, a difficult Breathing, Pains and Spots in the Legs, and her Gums likewise swoll'n, and full of Blood; in the Spring time after an Abortion, falling into a Tertian Ague, she soon became in a languishing and weak condition, from which Disease nevertheless, first being Methodi∣cally proceeded with in Physick, she had soon recovered, but that indulging her self to eat Flesh and other improper things, she soon had a Relaps; and then being a weary of Physick, she took only Empirical Remedies, with which sometimes the Fits of the Ague were driven away, but often presently return'd, mean while the Diseas'd being pale, unable for motion, and wanting Breath, continued swol'n and blown up about the Ven∣tricle and Hypochondres. About the third Month of her being sick, she began to have Gripes and bitter Tortures in her Belly; with which shooting sometimes to the Back, sometimes to the Stomach she was afflicted almost continually day and night: Moreover she was affected with a frequent Vertigo, and some∣times with Fits as it were, Hysterical: Also being troubled with a frequent Vomiting, she daily threw up a viscous and froathy Phlegm: Within a Months space this Disease passing to its highest

pitch, rais'd pains in the Back and Loins, and so afterward in all the parts of the Body: Besides, at this time she complain'd of a mighty straitness of her Brest, and a great contraction of the Viscera: Mean while the habit of the Body fell away to a mighty Leanness, so that the Bones being destitute of Flesh, scarce stuck to the Skin; the Urine was little and very ruddy; on the surface of which grew a little thin Film garnish'd with various colours like the Tail of a Peacock: A short while after this, a Numness and Formication was perceiv'd sometimes in the Belly, sometimes in the Limbs, and afterward the Gripes and Pains began to remit; nevertheless in their stead, a Palsey succeeded, which within a weeks space so pervaded all the Members of the whole Body, that she was not able to bend, or any way to stir from its place either Hand or Foot, or any other part.

It is obvious that those severe Symptoms proceeded from a Scorbutick Root, for by reason of the taint principally fixt on the Blood, the Spontaneous Latssiude, the difficult Breathing, nay, and the intermitting Fever hapning at random, and often returning, and the Bickerings of other Symptoms previous, as it were, and light, were caus'd: Again the Lixivial Urine, and that diversified colour of it plainly shew'd the Blood to be seis'd with a Sulphureo-saline Discrasie; which kind of Urine I have ob∣serv'd to be so mark't in many others, affected with the like Disease: Moreover when in this sick Lady, the Morbid Seminal Root being increast in its store, and flowing into the Mass of Blood, came to spread it self on the Confines of the Brain and Genus Nervosum, the other more violent affects arose.

This Lady living far hence, by the advice of a Neighbouring Physitian took Medicines usual against the Collick; which doing no good, and the Disease growing worse, the Patient being brought to Oxford, tryed a great many Remedies both Antiscor∣butick and Antiparalyticks almost of every kind and form, though without any benefit: Since therefore any ordinary Method of healing seem'd not sufficient for this Disease, it was thought good to proceed to great Remedies, and truly such as were not wholly void of danger: Wherefore we gave this sick person, as weak and worn away as she was, a Mercurial Medi∣cine for raising a Salivation, which effect ensued according to our desire, for a Flux arising within two days, and gently con∣tinuing for many days without any ill Symptom, gave a very great relief to the noble Lady: For the Pains being mitigated,

she began in some measure to move her Limbs, to have a bet∣ter Stomach, and to digest here Food better, and to enjoy a quiet Sleep: The Salivation being over, she took a Decoction of Sarza and China, with Antiparalytick Ingredients for a few days: Afterward being carried to Bathe, and having there us'd the temperate hot Baths, for some time she recover'd an indif∣ferent state of Health. The whole Winter she constantly took Medicines against the Scurvy and the Palsey: And upon her renewing the use of the hot Baths the year following, she grew perfectly well; and since is become the joyful Mother of many Children.

A Man forty years of Age, of a Melancholick Temperament, troubled with the Scurvy for many years, is wont to find at various times of the year manifold and diversified Symptoms of it: About his Legs, spots and large black marks, like those caus'd by a stroke, appear, Belly-achs, and a Looseness frequent∣ly trouble him, his Urine for the most part appears Lixivial, a Spontaneous Lassitude, a languishing of the Strength, a want of Appetite almost constantly attend him; besides these ordi∣nary as it were accustomed evils, he lives moreover obnoxious to violent Fits of sickness, and those of various kinds. Above two years since, when I first went to see him, he sorely com∣plain'd of a difficult Breathing, as though he were in danger of being choak't, with a Trembling of the Heart, failings of the Spirits, and a frequent danger of Swooning: Moreover of any thing of these passions in the Praecordia a little remitted, for the most part he was assail'd with a cruel Scotomia and a Ver∣tigo; he seem'd to have perfectly recover'd of these affects, af∣ter that he had taken for sometime Anticonvulsive Remedies, com∣plicated with Antiscorbuticks: Butafterwrad within a few weeks he was affected with a Nauseousness and a Heart-burning, and with an Inflation of the Hypochondres: His Urine was little and very lixivial, his Belly swel'd in a short time, moreover his Feet and Legs growing mighty oedematous, shew'd the marks of an invading Dropsie: Afterward the like kind of Tumour seis'd the Thighs, also the Flesh of the Back and Arms; which affect nevertheless, though it seem'd without hope, was easily cur'd with Antiscorbutick Remedies, Catharticks and Diureticks being join'd with them: Notwithstanding, this worthy Man, though restor'd to his Health, did not continue so long: For half a year being scarce over, he began to complain of a vio∣lent Head-ach, with a Vertigo, and an obstinate Watching; af∣terward without any evident cause, he was seis'd with a horrible

Vomiting: In a short time after the Asthmatick Fits return'd, with a trembling of the Heart, and failings of the Spirits: At this time also, when he seem'd almost past hope, he recover'd again in a short while by the use of Antiscorbutick Remedies: From this case it clearly appears how great evils the Scorbutick Miasm, lying hid like a ferment, both in the Blood and in the Nervous Juice, and displaying its Venom according to occasion, may cause. Which kinds of affects nevertheless, how dread∣ful and terrible soever they seem, so they depend only of the Humours being vitiated in their Crasis, and not on the Viscera injur'd in the whole, or in their conformation, for the most part they are wont to be Cur'd with little ado, viz. by an Antiscor∣butick Method aptly ordered according to the condition of the Patient as well as of the Disease.

A Renowned Lady, about Twenty five years of Age, of a San∣guine Temperament, and a thin habit of Body, fresh colour'd and handsome, had been ill of a Scorbutick Affect of a long time: For besides broad Spots and red Pushes breaking forth in divers parts of the Body, she had been wont to undergo for a long time Pains and bitter Tortures, chiefly infesting her by night, one while in the Shins, another while in the Arms: In regard she was with Child, she had been forc't to leave off a course of Physick, often begun in order to its Cure. After he last Child∣birth, her Lochia flowing plentifully, she continued for many days faint and weak, with a difficult Respiration, and being out of Breath upon any motion: A Month after being deliver'd, be∣ing taken out of Bed, and attempting to walk, she fell into a most severe difficulty of Breathing, with a Trembling of the Heart, and a frequent Fainting of the Spirits: Being presently put to Bed, she continued almost for a whole day still Trembling, and continually Panting: Moreover the lower Limbs, as though Death were at hand, being quite chill'd, waxed not warm by any Frictions or Applications of warm'd Cloaths: At length, after near four and twenty hours, upon the frequent giving of strong Cordials, she was better about the Praecordia, though there followed near the right Groin, in the top of the Thigh, a very acute Pain, reaching even to the Leg, and within a few hours a pretty hard swelling, resisting the touch, possest all that space: Being call'd at this time, the Diseas'd still fetch∣ing her Breath short and with difficulty, presently having or∣der'd a Clyster to be forthwith injected, I gave her twelve drops of Spirit of Hearts-horn in a spoonful of the following Julape.

Take Water of Snails, six ounces, Hysterick Water four ounces, Water of Wall-nuts, simple, and of Pennyroyal, of each three ounces, Sugar one ounce, Castoreum tyed in a Rag, and hung in the Glass, a Dram. These Medicines were repeated every sixth Hour.

I ordered a large vesicatory to be applyed to the inward part of the Thigh; then in the Evening, in regard during this whole Fit she had continued without Sleep, I gave her of Laudanum a grain, Pearls powdred six grains, confection of Alkermes without Musk half a dram: she slept quietly, and there next Morning she was much relieved, the pain and swelling of the Thigh somewhat abated, also while she lay quiet in her Bed, she was well about the Precordia, but sitting upright, or turning on one side, presently she seem'd almost ready to dye through straitness of Breath; she continued the use of the Spirit of Harts-horn and of the Julep, to be repeated every sixth hour for many days. More∣over, because she was press'd with Thirst, and made water always in a small quantity, ruddy, and filled with contents, she took twice a day a Dose of the following Julep to six Drams.

Take roots of Grass, Chervil, preserv'd Eringos, of each six drams, sha∣vings of Ivory and Harts-horn, of each two Drams, burnt Harts-horn a dram and a half, Raisins two ounces, one Apple slic'd, Licorish two drams and a half, being slic'd and bruised, let them boyle in three pounds of Fountain Water; till a third part be consumed: then four ounces of White∣wine being added to it, let it be strained into a Flagon, to which put Leaves of Scurvy-grass, and Brooklimes, of each a Handful; Salt of Wormwood two drams, make a close and warm infusion for three Hours, let the strain∣ing be kept in Vessels close stopt. Sometimes every day, sometimes every other day a Clister was administred: By the use of these things she seemed to grow better daily, so that within a weeks space arising from her Bed, she was able to sit up two or three Hours by the fire in her Chair: but if she kept from her Bed, or walkt a little more than was fitting, she was presently wont to fall into a straitness of Breathing, or a fit of the Asthma, so that on a certain day having stayed out of Bed too long, she underwent a violent fit of the Disease, and was affected with a difficult Breathing, a trembling of the whole Body, and frequent Swoonings: Being called again by reason of this Relaps of the sick Lady, I gave her Spirit of Harts-horn to twenty drops, with the Julep above prescribed, and in the Evening a dose of our Laudanum: and as thereby she found her self better about the Precordia, Pains and Swellings succeeded in the right Thigh and Legg, such as before had paned in the left. I ordered also vesicatories to be ap∣plyed to that Thigh; and besides the Remedies hitherto mention∣ed, she took twice a day of our Wine of the Juice of Scurvy-grass four ounces, with two ounces of the Magistral Antiscorbutick Water: Moreover, I ordered her to be purged with our Solutive Syrup, above prescri∣bed; which doing well, I ordered it to be repeated within three

or four dayes. By these Remedies she grew well within a Month.

A Noble man about the thirty third year of his Age, seeming to be of a sanguine Temperament, tall and slender, of a very acute Wit, and quick understanidng, tho he had used himself for a long time to immoderate and excessive Studies, together with a disorderly way of Diet, yet being still sprightly and full of vigour, he seem'd to enjoy a sound Mind in a sound Body: a little more than two years since, when he had greatly tired himself by dancing a whole Night with Friends, and in the Morning being put in a cold Bed in a Room that was too moist, and having slept a little, he began to be sick; for upon his awake he fell into a mighty troublous Passion about the Precordia, with terrible Swoonings as though he were ready to dye. After a draught of Wine and some cordial Remedies taken, he was a little better, but he often relaps'd, so that all that day both himself and his Friends dreaded either a swoon without returning to himself, or an imminent Apoplexy: Moreover, after that this Fit of the Disease was past, yet still he lived obnoxious to daily passions of the Heart, and upon any great Error committed in Diet, he was wont to be afflicted again with a violent fit. Notwithstanding the use of Remedies, the Disease growing worse within a few Months, did not only infest the Precordia, but in the whole habit of the Body Expansions sometimes of heat, sometimes of cold, moreover in the Limbs a numbness or formication, or light Convul∣sions, and sudden contractions were raised; but of late, besides the Sym∣toms hitherto mentioned, which still greatly molest the Noble Person, he is moreover sorely afflicted with a frequent Vertigo, and with Di∣stractions and Failings of the Spirits residing in the Fore-brain, inso∣much that he is forc'd to abstain from the Studies and Politick Employs (to which he has been always addicted) and even from any strong inten∣tion of the Mind; for otherwise he feels both in the Head and in the genus nerevosum these troublous Passions, that he may fear either an invasion of the Apoplexy, or horrible Convulsive Affects: a great fit of this Dis∣ease pressing upon him, the Ventricle also for the most part is disturbed: Moreover, he has often found ease after a Vomit, either hapning of its own accord, or raised by the help of an Emetick Medicine: Hence some have judged the cause of the Disease to be seated wholly about the Stomach, or Hypochondres: Nevertheless Cathartick Medicines, Emeticks, Dige∣stives, Cephalicks, Antiscorbuticks, Chalybeats, and others almost of every kind, prescribed to this Person for two years by famous Physi∣cians, and also by Empiricks and Mountebanks, have not effect∣ed a cure: he lately tryed Astrop VVaters, but finding himself the worse by them, he presently left them off, and is now advised to drink the Sulphureous VVaters at Knaresborough in York-shire: But what success he finds in them I know not at present.

This case in regard by reason of the concourse of the various Symp∣toms, it does not belong to any peculiar kind of Disease else, is justly re∣ferred

to the Scurvy. As to the Method of Cure to be used in this and the like cases, there are two Intentions on which we must chief∣ly insist: viz. First, we must cleanse the Mass of Blood, and withdraw the offensive Ferments conveyed to it from the Stomach, Spleen, and haply other of the Viscera. Secondly, the Brain and Genus Nervosum ought to be strengthned, lest they admit extraneous Particles: and the nervous juice that lyes in those Parts, degenerating from its due Crisis to a sharp and otherwise morbid Nature, ought to be restor'd and re∣ctified: the first of these is perform'd by Catharticks, Emeticks, bleeding, and especially specifick Medicines, correcting or wholly taking away the scorbutick taint of the Blood. Now that the Iron or vitriolick Spaws, that famous cleanser of the Blood, did rather injury than give help to this Person, the reason seems to be, both that the Brain being become weak by reason of Cephalick Affects, with difficulty throws off the filthy glut of Waters sent into the Blood, nay, and is in danger of being overwhelmed by it, as it violently makes to its con∣fines: and likewise, because when the nervous Liquor degenerating from its Crasis inclines to a sharpish Nature, it is wont to be more per∣verted by the fluid Salt of the Spaw Waters. Wherefore we gene∣rally observe that in the Rheumatism and Gout the morbid Disposition is increast by the drinking of those Waters. The second Intent is ex∣cellently performed by Cephalick Remedies, and especially such as are endowed with a volatile Salt, of which kind are Spirit and Salt of Blood, of Soot, of Harts-horn, the roots and Seeds of Peony, leaves of Mi∣stletow of the Oak, &c. with which Antiscorbuticks are mixt.