Iatrica, seu, Praxis medendi, The practice of curing being a medicinal history of above three thousand famous observations in the cure of diseases, performed by the author hereof : together with several of the choicest observations of other famous men ... : wherein for the most part you will find 1. the constitution of the body of the sick, 2. the symptoms predominant, 3. the cause of the disease, what? 4. the exact method which was taken in the cure, 5. an exact account of the medicines exhibited, with the order of their exhibition, various doses and success thereupon ... / perform'd by William Salmon ...

SCHOLIA. The THEORY of the APOPLEXY.

By the Author W. Salmon.

LII. The Pathology of the Apoplexy, and first of the Notation thereof.

1. The Names. It is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, à percutiendo; in Latin Apoplexia, and in English the Apoplexy; a word denoting percussion, wherein after a won∣derful and admirable manner, the sick is struck dumb and sensless.

2. The Definition. Est omnium corporis partium motus ac sensus repentina privatio, om∣niumque animalium functionum interceptio. Joel. It is defined by Riolanus to be an abolition of Sense and Motion with Respiration hurt, which at last brings snorting and suffocation, by reason of thick flegm flowing out of the Funnel and ob∣structing the Larynx or Wind-pipe, which does oftentimes and unexpectedly invade a Man (or follow some other sleepy Disease,) all the Ven∣tricles of the Brain, but especially the fourth being obstructed, wherein, unless the matter be discussed in the Spinal Marrow, Death unavoi∣dably follows. Anot. lib. 4. cap. 2. Ferne∣lius saith, That an Apoplexy is a Disease bred by an obstruction of the Rete Mirabile, the af∣flux of arterial Blood out of the Heart into the Brain, being thereby intercepted. Willis saith, Apoplexia vi vocis percussionem denotat, &

propter stupendam affectûs naturam quasi ali∣quid 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 continentem, Sideratio appellatur; namque ea correpti tanquam 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, aut nu∣mine invisibili perculsi, subitò ad terram conci∣dunt, atque sensu & motu privati, totâque fun∣ctione animali (nisi quod respirant) cessante, quasi exanimes aliquandiu jacent, & quandoque mortem obeunt; sin reviviscunt, saepenumero para∣lysi universali, aut hemiplegiâ afficiuntur. The Sense of the word Apoplexy, denotes percussion, and by reason of the stupendious quality of the Distemper, containing as it were somthing su∣per-natural it is called a Sideration, or Blasting; for those struck therewith, being as it were Pla∣net-struck, or struck with an invisible power, fall suddenly on the ground, and being deprived both of Sense and Motion, and the whole Ani∣mal Function ceasing, (save that they breath) they lye for a long season, as if Dead, and som∣times dye indeed; but if they revive, they are many times taken either with an universal Pal∣sy, or else with a Palsy of one side. Riverius saith, It is a most deep sleep, and a total priva∣tion of Sense and Motion, breathing excepted, wherein the Sick neither opens his Eyes, an∣swers, nor feels when he is hurt, breathing also with difficulty. Apoplexia morbus est gravis∣simus, qui primò caput obsidet, & protinus ac su∣bitò sensu & motu, universum corpus privat, ita ut exitus spiritus animalis a cerebro prohibeatur, & vitalis aditus à corde ad cerebrum praepedia∣tur: à percutiendo nomen habet; quôd, qui ea laborent, veluti de coelo percussi videantur. Avicenna apoplexiam definit, quod sit otiositas sensus & motus per interceptionem spiritus sensi∣tivi & motivi ab oppilatione ventriculorum cere∣bri. The Apoplexy is a Disease suddenly de∣priving the whole Body of Sense and Motion, and causing all the Animal Functions to cease, (breathing only excepted) wherein the Sick lies for a season, as if Dead.

3. The Kinds or Diferences. 1. The Apo∣plexy is either accidental, coming of a sudden, and falling indifferently upon any Man, though not at all predisposed thereto, for which no pre∣ventive method can be instituted: Or, it is ha∣bitual, from a constant disposition in some Men, because of which they are at first only exercised with light approaches thereof, or rather Sym∣ptoms; afterwards the Paroxysms are evident but gentle; but at length they become more grievous, and of which at last they for the most part dye. 2. The Apoplexy is distinguished according to its degrees, as Sennertus teacheth, Lib. 1. Par. 2. Cap. 23. into gentle, strong, and strongest: The gentle is that in which the Sick breaths freely, and easily becomes sensible a∣gain. The strong Apoplexy, is that wherein the Sick breaths with very great difficulty, and as it were with violence, snorting and foaming at Mouth. The strongest and most dangerous is that in which all Sense and Motion immediately cease through the whole Body, the breath also being stopt; in these there is neither snorting nor foaming, but the Sick lyes as if perfectly Dead; and they ought not to be buried before three days be over, for it has been found, that in that space of time, some so seized have revived again. 3. The Apoplexy is also two-fold, accor∣ding to the place; the one is seated in the middle of the Brain; the other in the Cerebellum. 4. It is either from causes conjunct and procatartick: or from causes evident, as some external vio∣lence.

LIII. The signs of an Apoplexy.

1. The person, before Swoons, sometimes falls suddenly, and sometimes by degrees; Sense, Motion, and Voice being many times ta∣ken away; sometimes only diminished, respira∣tion alone, and that with much difficulty re∣maining.

2. The Sick sleeps deeply, and as it were snorts or snores; the loosned Members being lifted up, fall down with their own weight in the manner of dead Persons; and their Eyes are either wide open, or shut.

3. The Pulse in the mean season is strong and full (which has deceived many in the Progno∣sticks of this Disease,) and there is many times a relaxation of the Sphincter Muscle of the A∣nus, and Bladder.

4. An approaching Apoplexy is seldom ac∣companied with any praevious signs; save in some persons a Lethargy or Vertigo has some∣times gone before, for which cause they are

called the Fore-r••nners of this Disease; as al∣so Dimness of Sight, the Incubus, Tremor, of the whole Body, gnashing of the Teeth in sleep, and heaviness of the whole Body.

5. Moreover they are often times seized with this Disease in taking of Tobacco, which thing has been many times observed by several Authors.

6. This Disease is distinguished from a Carus, for they who have a Carus have their Senses re∣maining, neither is the invasion of the Disease so sudden.

7. It differs from a Lethargy, because it is without a Feaver and stirring; and from the Suffocation of the Mother, or Hysterick Pas∣sion, and Swooning fits, because it is observed with a laxity of the Members, a fullness of the Pulse, and a countenance keeping its colour; and without a cold Sweat, which in a Syn∣cope, is always observed to be cold and clammy.

8. But in this Disease the Sick, for the most part, suddenly falls, all the Senses and M••tion, as also the Voice being in a moment taken a∣way, the breathing only (as aforesaid) and that with difficulty remaining.

9. The Sick seems to be in a deep sleep, and many times (as it were) Dead, for that the re∣spiration is so weak, as not to be discerned, and they lye without stiring or moving any Mem∣ber, neither speaking, hearing, seeing, nor feel∣ing, although pulled, thrust, or prickt.

10. They gape for the most part with their Mouths, their Eyes closed (but sometimes wide open) and they keep the colour of their Face; all the Members of their Body being lax, and pliable, not stiff, or contracted.

11. Sometimes they foam or froth at Mouth, and many times there comes forth a bloody kind of froth or Spittle; and sometimes clear blood it self, as I once observed.

12. From these Symptoms appearing in the Sick it is, that some Authors have defined the Apoplexy to be a stupidity, joyned with a reso∣lution of the parts; for that being as it were astonished, they lye stupid like stocks, all the Senses alike, and motion also being abolished to∣gether.

13. But these accidents are sometimes more mild, at other times more grievous, in which both the internal and external Senses are taken away together, whence they understand nothing, nor have any perceivance of any thing, or shew any sign of Sense though you prick or burn them.

LIV. The various causes of an Apoplexy.

1. One of the chief causes of an Apoplexy assigned by Authors, is Blood out of its Vessels, stopping and compressing the Ventricles of the Brain, and that falls out either from the Rupture of a Vein in the brain, or an over fullness of the Vessels, or some great bruise or confusion of the Head, or from some cut, or punctured Wound, by which the Veins of the Brain are hurt or broken, and so let forth their blood.

2. Barbet saith, It is caused from a thick Lym∣pha, for the most part, obstructing the Nerves; and Deckers saith, Not only from the thicker Lympha, but tough flegm, or matter contained in the Brain, and obstructing the parts, by rea∣son of a fall from on high, or by concussion, or a blow, as Fabritius Hildanus observes, Cent. 6. Observ. 11. Or by sadness, and sudden conster∣nation of the mind, as the same person proves it: Or, from blood obstructing, a suppression of some accustomed Hoemorrhage by the Nose or Fundament going before, as the said Hildanus, Cent. 4. Observ. 11. relates: Or from Blood extravasated, chiefly from a Wound of the Brain it self.

3. The Seat of the Apoplexy is without doubt within the more inward recess of the Brain, to wit, the Corpus Callosum; and the proximate and immediate subject of the Disease is the Animal Spirit inhabiting therein, for that the Understanding, Imagination, and common Sense, are so deeply affected as to be perfectly darkned, and to suffer a total Eclipse: But the mediate subject of this disaffection is thought to be the middle part of the Brain, because from thence the instincts of all spontaneous motions proceed; and in this, the perceptions of all sen∣sible things are terminated.

4. For upon the approach of the Paroxysm all the acts of every spontaneous and intelligible Function (which depend upon the Brain it self)

are forthwith hindred and cease; for that the Animal Spirits being suppressed in their chief place of meeting, which is the Callous body; their next immediate motion of expansion in the same place, as also their afflux into the nervous Ap∣pendix is wholly obliterated, whence comes that sudden and universal darkness or total Eclipse in the whole Animal Region, which is subject to its disposition.

5. However in the mean season the Pulse and Breathing, as also the motions of the Ventricle and Intestines are in some measure performed, viz. either freely, or faultily and with pain, be∣cause their actions proceed wholly from the Ce∣rebellum, which is not at all, or but little hurt by the morbifick matter. Now if the disaffection be so great, as that all the Senses be abolished, whence motion also does cease: yet the other Functions (which are not so much the Off-spring of the Brain) may remain, as the Pulse, which is excited by the Heart; and the breathing, which is (partly from a natural and partly from a vo∣luntary act) excited from the Organs of both kinds of motion, to wit, both of the Midriff and Lungs.

6. And therefore it is, that though the Brain is extreamly affected, so as all voluntary motion does cease, the Midriff or Muscles of the Brest, contributing then nothing to the motion; yet then the Breathing is managed or performed by the natural or spontaneous motion of the Lungs, wherein after a sort they contract and dilate themselves; but this act of breathing is then with difficulty, for that it is performed but with one half of its Organs. And therefore if the disaffection or hurt of the Brain does not speedily pass off (because the Lungs are not able long to perform the whole duty of Breathing) Suffocation will infallibly succeed, for that the faculty in both kinds will be wholly abolished.

7. Now after what manner the Animal Spi∣rits are so suddenly, and all at once suppressed, or, as it were extinguished, about their original of Emanation, so that all sense and motion de∣pending on them ceases every where, remains to be enquired into: Some place the cause in the Heart, and lay the fault on its Intemperance; others in the Brain, either from its evil Confor∣mation, or from Obstruction thereof in the greater Ventricles: Or, Obstruction in its Pores, or lesser passages which being strongly bound up, is said to excite the fit; because, either the afflux of blood for the generating of Spirits is hindered from those parts; Or the efflux and Emanation of the said Spirits from thence to their destinated parts is kept back.

8. From Histories, or Anatomical Observa∣tions of Persons dying of this Disease, Blood has been found extravasated, or out of its Vessels here and there in great Clodders, compressing the substance of the Brain: In others the serous Colluvies have overflowed the whole Head, both within and without the Skull: In others a large Bladder of Water has been found in one of the Ventricles compressing the smaller passages: From which observations it may be concluded, that the principal places solely affected, are not the greater Ventricles, but the middle marrowy substance of the Brain and Cerebel, which is every where porous, and indued with very ma∣ny minute passages, both that the Vital Spirits may flow in thither from the blood, and that the Animal may flow forth.

9. And though some may suppose, that the Apoplexy, may be caused from the hinderance of the bloods afflux to the brain; 'tis true this may be possible, but, it does not often nor easily happen: for they must suppose it to be either from the obstruction of the inner Carotid Arte∣ries, and of the Vertebrals, which happens in the greater Vessels, chiefly about the assent of the Brain, from concreted or clodded blood; or in the lesser Vessels, which pass through the Brain from a viscous matter generated within them: but this way it cannot well be, because those Cephalick Arteries, to wit, the Carotides and Vertebrals, do so communicate one with another, and all of them in several places, are so mutually ingrafted one into another, that if it happen that many of them should be stopped or pressed together at once, yet the blood being sent to the Head, though by the passage of one only Artery, either the Carotide, or the Verte∣bral, it would presently pass through all those parts both exteriour and interiour; which thing learned Willis proved an experiment of by

spuirting in Ink into the Trunk of one Vessel, which immediately filled all the sanguiferous passages, and every where stained the Brain it self.

10. Or the said afflux of Blood to the Brain, may be supposed to be stopt from the compres∣sion of those Vessels, by reason of the tuberosi∣ty or swelling up of the Paristhmia, or Kernels in the hinder part of the Neck; from a heap of serous or watery humors, that by pressing toge∣ther the Arteries passing through, obstructs the passage of the blood to the Head; but the for∣mer reason remains good against this, unless all the said Arteries both Carotid and Vertebral be comprest together, which very seldom or rarely happens.

11. Or they suppose the said afflux of Blood may he hindred from a preternatural opening of the Blood-Vessels within the Skull, wherein a great quantity of Blood is poured forth, which should other ways be converted to the use and benefit of the Brain: this is possible somtimes to be: But certainly this Cause of an Apoplexy is more likely to arise from the too great Incur∣sion and extravasation of the Blood within the Brain, as the afore mentioned anatomical Observations at § 8. do demonstrate, for that the said Blood so extravasated, for the most part concretes into a hard substance, which be∣ing large and compressing the Marrow of the Brain, stop up the Passages, and obstruct the efflux of the animal Spirits.

12. Thus much in general of this Disease: We shall now consider it under its several Bran∣ches, wherein as we say, it is either accidental or habitual, so must different Causes be assigned to each. If it be accidental it is for the most part excited without any proevious Disposition, from a sudden and solitary Cause, being for the most part mortal, the curatory Method proving very often ineffectual. And of this the proximate or conjunct Cause is, either a great solution of U∣nity, hapning somwhere within or nere the mid∣dle of the Brain, from the compression or ob∣struion of its Pores and Passages, whereby the whole emanation of the Spirits is suppressed: Or else it is a very great and sudden profliga∣tion of the Spirits, or an extinction of those in∣habiting the Brain.

13. This Solution of Unity is either, 1. from Blood extravasated within the Brain, and grow∣ing there into Clodders, or striking upon the affected places: from whence does often arise deadly apoplectick Paroxysms, as several ano∣tomical Observations upon Bodies, dying of this Disease, have already demonstrated: but these morbifick Extravasations of Blood within the Brain, come either from external Violence, as a Fall from a high Place, or from a Horse, a blow on the Head, or hitting it against some hard thing, and such like: Or, from an inter∣nal Disposition, the blood being thin and sharp, and growing more then ordinarily hot, either of its own Acord, or by Accident, it flows forth through the little Mouths of the Vessels, and so easily breaks into the soft and yeilding substance of the Brain; where being in great quantity extravasated, by intumifying the affected Pla∣ces, and compressing the underlying Marrow (the root of the Disease being at the said Corpus Callosum) apoplectick Fits, are presently excited.

14. Or 2. from the breaking of an Apostem or Ulcer; which although they are rarely to be found within the Brain, yet often in the Me∣nings, and almost from the same Cause, by which the extravasation of the blood happens. This whilst it is coming on to Maturation, cau∣ses only a dull head-ach or heaviness; but when once broken, the putrified Matter, falling upon the Cortex of the Brain, corrodes and putrifies it, and instilling by Degrees its putrid Particles (most obnoxious to the Spirits) into the Medi∣tullium, or marrowy part of the Brain, excites at length the Paroxysm.

15. Or 3. from a heap of serous or watery Matter sent forth from the blood into the Head, filling and stuffing all its medullary pores, by which a deprivation of Sense and Motion fol∣lows; And this has many times been caused from Drunkenness, and somtimes from un∣seasonable and immeasurable drinking of cold Water, or drinking of cold and small Beer be∣ing hot and thirsty, and then sleeping upon it; as also from a long and total suppression of U∣rine; or frequent Hoemorrhages suddenly stopt,

whereby a translation of the serous Recrements, are forthwith made to the Brain, by which for the most part a deadly Apoplexy is caused.

16. The other cause of a sudden and acci∣dental Apoplexy arises from the immediate profligation or extinction of the Spirits, which may be caused by blasting with Lightning, or the Fumes of Sulphur, Arsenick, Aqua Fortis, Spirit of Niter, or Charcole; and not very seldom from strong Narcoticks, or stupi∣fying Medicines causing Sleep; as also from the too immoderate drinking of strong Waters; by the too liberal taking of the last of which, we have known three several persons suddenly taken with apoplectick Fits, who dyed in the height of the Paroxysm.

17. But how Opiates affect in this Case Web∣ferus tells us, That they do only too much open and dilate the Pores and passages of the Brain, and as it were open the doors of it, before fast shut, whereby every extraneous or forreign and incongruous thing is admitted into the Reposito∣ry, or sleeping place of the Spirits, together with the subtil liquor poured forth from the blood; and so by a violent incursion, dissipates their ranks and orders. This opinion of Webferus may have somthing of truth in it, if it be con∣sidred in respect to the first Dose, being too large (for Opiates always hurt most at the first time of taking) but not to the subsequent Do∣ses; for if so, it would follow, that being often given they would still bring a greater evil, by dilating more and more the Pores of the Brain, and thereby make a much easier enterance for all manner of Impurities: which experience daily convinces us of the contrary; for after∣wards being often taken they do little hurt; and the Sick having been a while accustomed to the use of them, will take in large quantities without the least Detriment.

18. By this it appears that Opiates do not so much alter the conformation of the Brain, as immediately to profligate the Animal Spirits, unless given at first in too large a proportion; for then, by reason of their present incongruity to them, and sudden falling foul upon them, the Particles of the Opiate extinguishes the said Spi∣rit, as with a mear Blast: Whereas had it been given at first in a smaller Dose and gradual∣ly increased, till a familiarity had been be∣gotten between them, the Opiate would have been so far from hurting or disturbing the Spi∣rits, that on the contrary, it would become in∣finitely grateful and friendly to the same.

19. The cause of an habitual Apoplexy now comes to be considered. The Proeguminine conjunct, or proximate cause, is a malignant matter heaped up, and dispersed in the compass of the Brain, which at length descending into its middle or marrowy part, does assault and sup∣press all the Spirits in the very fountain of their production and emanation: Now this possibly may be done either by filling the medullary Pores; or by obstructing and driving away the Spirits themselves; or by contaminating them with a Stupor or Numbness, as it were by a blast, (not much unlike lightning) from the ma∣lignant contact of the matter rushing upon them: or by all these ways together.

20. For without doubt, the Particles descend∣ing on every side from the compass of the Brain, into its middle part, or Callous Body, and en∣tering it from every part, do presently fill the passages how straight soever they be, and put∣ing to flight the Spirits, force them into a nar∣row place, where being then beset, and not able either long to resist, or find out other passages, they are profligated, thereby obliterating eve∣ry Function of the intelligent Soul.

21. Being thus profligated, or struck down, they do not suddenly rise up again, for that they are not able to rid themselves from the chains or umbrage of the malignant matter; but they lye long suppressed, till at length som∣times that matter is dissipated, or drawn up in∣to the blood; or, issuing forth through the little Pores of the Marrow, slides forwards into the Ventricles of the brain: Or, at length fal∣ling down yet lower, it is impacted on the Cor∣pora striata, either one or both of them, and so causes either a Hemiplogia, or an universal Palsy.

22. In the inter••m, as the Animal Spirits within the Corpus Call••sum begins to free them∣selves, so they resume their accustomed offices, which they manage again, till new matter springs up in the compass of the Brain, and by degrees

is increased, so as to descend into the Callous Body, as aforesaid, thereby exciting another Pa∣rox••sm; from the embraces of which, if the Spirit cannot free it self, by either of the afore∣said ways, in some reasonable time, being by degrees wholly overcome, they are at length perfectly extinguished.

23. As to the Procatartick Causes of an ha∣bitual Apoplexy, they are to be explicated not in a much differing Method from the like in most other Cephalick Diseases; for seeing that the Blood must necessarily be in fault, for that it sends to the Head forreign and very hetroge∣neous Particles, obnoxious to the constitution and texture of the Animal Spirits; and that the Brain also is in fault, for that it has been by degrees weakned and indisposed by the means of the sanguinous disaffection, whereby its Pores and passages are altered, made dissolute and too lax, it then follows, that it may at length easily admit without any difficulty the morbifick and malign matter sent forth from the blood.

24. How the Blood comes to be thus affected, seems not here necessary to be declared, seeing we have already done it in many other places; and that it is obnoxious to and follows all the irregularities of humane life, as profound Drun∣kenness with Wine and strong Waters; a long suppression of the Serum from its usual and long accustomed Evacuations; a translation of the morbick matter of another Disease to the Head; excessive drinking of cold and small Liquors, when one is extream hot and dry; Gluttony and Gormandizing, with many other like Enormities, too tedious here to be related.

25. For the blood indeed transfers to the Head and Brain (more especially in Apople∣ctick persons) a great quantity of saline and noxious juice, or of a malign serous, and ex∣crementitious humor, extream prejudicial and for the most part deadly to the animal Powers, taken somtimes from one place, and somtimes from another, which by degrees instils them with the Lymphatick and Nervous juice out of the Arteries on the compass or outer borders of the Brain; where, by little and little insi∣nuatng the said malign and morbid matter, it overflows at once all the said outward parts of the Brain, and like a Sea breaking in, or a Sul∣phurous or arsenical blast, either drives away the inhabiting Spirits, or totally extinguishes them.

26. Hitherto we have discoursed of the cau∣ses of an Apoplexy in the Brain, it now re∣mains that we shew the causes of that proper to the Cerebellum. In this case the motion of the Heart is often suppressed or proscribed, whereby presently (the blood being retained without the Brain) the Animal Spirits destinated to the vital function fall down, even as the light vanishes when the flame is put out, and are suppressed, (somtimes extinguished) in the foun∣tain it self, to wit, within the Cerebellum: whence comes besides a failing of the Spirits, a sudden privation of all the Animal Functions, the Sick becoming sensless and immoveable, with a Pulse and Breathing very much diminish∣ed, and almost imperceptible, and growing cold, lye as for Dead many hours, yea sometimes for a day or two, at what time they oft times come to themselves again, though without doubt many dye, being thus taken.

27. These if they recover out of the fit, whe∣ther it be of short or long continuance, do ne∣ver fall into a Palsy or Hemiplegia, as those for the most part do, who are afflicted with an A∣poplexy of the Brain: and the reason is, because that proper to the Cerebel proceeding either from a poysonous Gas or subtil vapour assault∣ing the Animal Spirits and suppressing them, or from a vast diminution of them, by reason of a total exclusion of the blood from the Brain, leaves no substantial morbifick matter to fall down upon the Spinal Marrow, and obstruct the Nerves thereof, as the other kind of Apo∣plexy does, which proceeds from, and is caused by the afflux of humors heaped up in the Ven∣tricles of the Brain, and other hetrogene sub∣stances offending even the substance of the Brain it self, and its more inward Marrow: but the said Disease passing off, as the said malign or poysonous Gas vanishes, so by reason of the re∣tribution of new and fresh Spirits, the Sick re∣mains afterwards in perfect health, though with a paleness of countenance.

28. Now the motion of the Heart may be thought to be hindred, by reason of a contraction

or Convulsion of the Cardiack Nerves chiefly within the Praecordia and Viscera, caused as aforesaid by some venomous Gas or Vapour, whereby the Spirits about to flow are suspended, whence follows immediately great inordinati∣ons, with a deprivation of Motion and Sense, and a very slow and weak Pulse, which causes the sick to lye (for the time) as if Dead. And indeed those taken with an Apoplexy from the evil disposition of the Cerebellum, are often troubled with the Incubus, or with Swooning and failing of the Spirits, and an intermitting Pulse.

29. As to the Cause of the degrees of the Apoplexy, as being either universal, every fun∣ction natural spontaneous, and voluntary ceasing; or particular, this or that part being affected by it self; or the faculties (though they all with∣out exception suffer an E••lipse) depraved more or less, now this, now that; it arises from the quantity and quality of the morbifick mat∣ter, descending to the middle or marrowy part of the Brain; as also from its disposition and lo∣cation, possessing somtimes all its whole sub∣stance; and sometimes but part of it, as the fore, middle, or hinder parts thereof, &c.

LV. The Prognosticks of the Apoplexy.

1. This Disease is for the most part mortal, always doubtful, and never without present or successive danger, for that the Spirits themselves are the immediate obj••cts of its malignity or vi∣olence.

2. That is most dangerous of all, in which, be∣sides the abolition of all the spontaneous Fun∣ctions, the Pulse and Breathing are also deffi∣cient, or are performed with great labour and difficulty; and this for the most part happens with a cold clammy Sweat, Snorting, and a Foam at Mouth, all which indicate immediately Death.

3. In an apoplectick Fit, if help follows the use of proper and fit means, a recovery is to be hoped for; but if on the contrary, the Di∣stemper continues without intermission, above the space of four and twenty hours, the Case is very desperate.

4. If after the first Aphonick Paroxysm, the sick becomes more stupid, numb, or dull, or is frequently troubled with a Scotomia or Vertigo, it is to be feared, that more Fits will follow: for then it is certain, that the Disease proceeds from the morbifick Matter already heaped up in the Compass of the Brain and there dispersedly flowing, descends through the small Pores only into the marrowy Part; which malign and poysonous or neurotick mat∣ter increasing to a fulness, hastens on a fresh Paroxysm.

5. A strong Apoplexy (saith Hippocrates Sect. 2. Aph. 42. is impossible to be cured, and a weak one not very easily: this Galen, thus ex∣plains: A strong Apoplexy is when the breathing is uneven and disorderly, and somtimes inter∣mitting; and if such a breathing is very hard or difficult, the Disease is stronger; if the breath be stopt it is most strong; but when there is some order (that is regularity and easiness) in the breathing, the Disease is the weaker.

6. A faint Sweat in an Apoplexy is evil, for it shews great oppression of Nature; and it is so much the worse if it be cold and clammy, and with great difficulty of breathing.

7. Hippocrates Sect. 6. Aph. 51. saith, that those who are taken with an Apoplexy dye in seven days, except a Feaver seise them: but it must be a violent one, and essentially springing from the inflamation of the Humors and Spirits, otherwise it will not discuss the Matter which causeth the Apoplexy: For otherwise if it be only symptomical and gentle, or happning acci∣dentally from a burning disposition in the Head through too much Blood in the Veins thereof, the Feaver then causes Symptoms of Frenzy or Madness, which weakens the animal Faculties, rather than weakens the Disease.

8. Moreover a Feaver which will have power enough to dissolve an Apoplexy, must come in the beginning of the Disease, whilst Nature has some kind of Vigour and Strength to make re∣sistance: for as Hippocrates in Coacis saith, if a Feaver come upon an Apoplexy, after it has continued long, it is deadly.

9. An Apoplexy of the Brain going off, often degenerates either into a Palsy of the whole Bo∣dy, or into a Hemiplegia; for that the morbi∣fick

Matter is not discussed otherwise than upon the spinal Nerves.

10 If the Paroxysm is so extream, as pre∣sently to deprive the Patient both of Pulse and Breathing, so that a little after they grow cold, and seem dead; yet they are not presently to be laid out and given over without hope, under three or four da••, because such do somtimes revive again, either of their own accord, or by the use of means. In such it is certain, that the vital heat in the Heart was not totally extinquish∣ed, but like fire raked up in Ashes, it revives again, the morbifick Matter being dissipated, or evaporated from the Cerebellum.

11. An Apoplexy hapning in Youth, and in Summer time, demonstrates the great Vehe∣mency of the Cause, and such an one, saith Hip∣pocrates, Sect. 2. Aph. 34. is exceeding dangerous.

LVI. The Cure of an Apoplexy in the Fit.

1. The sick being in the Fit (if it proceeds not from some external vehement hurt of the Head) whether it proceeds from Blood let out of the Vessels, or a serous or watery humor, or the breaking of an Apostem in the Brain, or other invincible Cause, yet ought the Cure to be at∣tempted: in performing of which, let the sick sit as upright as may be in a Chair for some hours: (for the Disease being a sleepy Disease, if the sick should be put to bed, it might incline the more to sleep, which is expressly against the intention of Cure:) then let the extream Parts (to wit,) the Hands, Arms, Thighs, Legs, and Feet, be moderately chased, and as Sennerus advises, be rubbed with Salt and Vinegar.

2. Keep his Mouth open, by putting somthing beween the Teeth; and instil into the Mouth the Spirit or Tincture of Castoreum: Or this following Mixture: Take Spirit of An∣gelica the greater Composition, two ounces: Powers of Lavender, and Rosemary, of each an ounce: Tincture of Castoreum, half an ounce: Syrup of Peony, enough to sweeten them: mix them together, and give the sick half a spoonful at a time.

3. However Physicians think their duty not well done unless the sick be let blood, let the Disease proceed from what cause soever: yet with Riverius, he ought to consider whether blood-letting be a thing fit or not; for as Cel∣sus saith, it either kills or cures; and there∣fore ought to be well considered of aforehand; for if Blood offend no way, or if the Strength be quite gone, or the Patient be very old, blood-letting ought to be wholly pretermitted.

4. You ought to offer violence to all his Sen∣ses; his Eyes ought to be placed against the Sun, or an extream Light: a great Noise ought to be made in his Ears: sharp things ought to be put into his Nostils, as Rue, Castoreum, Vine∣gar, &c. and vehement biting and hot things into his Mouth: his feeling ought to be stirred up (besides frictions) with pinching, pulling of the Hair, Ligature or binding, bending of the Fingers, &c.

5. The Temples may be anointed with di∣stilled Oyls, as also the Nape of the Neck, the spinal Marrow, with this following or the like: Take Oyls of Amber, of Spicknard, of Cast••re∣um, of each two scruples: Oyl of the flowers of Hypericon, Juyce of Rue strained, of each three drams: mix them and anoint therewith, it is a thing of good use not only in the Apoplexy, but also in the Epilepsy, Lethargy, Carus, &c. This following is better: Take Powers of Rosemary, and Lavender, of each two ounces: Powers of Castoreum, and Juniper, of each one ounce: Powers of Cammomil, and Marjoram, of each half an ounce: mix them.

6. In the mean Season Sternutatories or Er∣rhines either liquid or solid ought to be applyed to the Nostrils: among the common and simple Errhines, you have these; the Juyces of Beto∣ny, of Marjoram, of red Beets, of Brooklime, of Water-Cresses, of blew flower de luce, of wild Cucumbers, &c. distilled Waters of sweet Marjoram, of Betony, Rue, Sage, Lavender, Brooklime, Water-Cresses, Garden-Cresses, Origanum, Celindine, &c. The Spirit of Rose∣mary, of Lavender, of Juniper, of Caraways, of Sassafras, of leaves of white Hellebor, of To∣bacco, of Elaterium, of the flowers of Lilly-Convally drawn with the Spirit of Wine, &c. to which add, as things that excel, Spirits of Urine, of Soot, of Sal Armoniack, &c. Infusions of Sage, Penny-royal, Time, Lavender-flowers,

roots of Celandine, of Sow-bread, of blew flower de luce, &c. in Wine, or some of the aforenamed distilled Water. Pouders made of Rue, Sage, Marjoram, Castoreum, Orrice-root, Ginger, Galangal, Staphisagria, Nigel∣la, &c.

7. Of simple Sternutatories, these following hold the chiefest place: roots of white Hellebor, of Pyrethrum, of Crowfoot, of Horse-radish, of Sea-radish, of Aron, of blew flower de luce, of Sow-bread. Leaves of Tobacco. Seeds of Ni∣gella, of Rocket, of Mustard, of Water-Cresses. Juyces of Euphorbium, of Sow-bread, of blew flower de luce; to these add also Ginger, black Pepper, Cloves, Castorium, Agarick, &c.

8. Errhines and Sternutatories more com∣pounded, may be thus made: Take sweet Marjoram, Betony, Brooklime, bruise them and express their Juyce; take of this Juyce half an ounce: Castoreum in subtil Pouder, a scru∣ple: mix them: dip Cotten therein and put it up the Nostrils. Or thus: Take leaves of red Beets, an handful and half: Mustard-seed, a dram and half: cut and bruise them, and af∣fuse thereon sweet Marjoram Water, White, Wine, of each an ounce and half: digest an hour in warm Sand, then press forth the Li∣quor for use. Another Errhine: Take Time, Rosemary, Sage, of each half an handful: Spanish-Tobacco, a dram: roots of blew flow∣er de luce, a dram and half: cut, bruise, and infuse in Lavender-Water, three ounces: di∣gest in warm Sand for a Night, the next Morn∣ing express the Liquor for use.

9. This following is particularly commended against the Apoplexy, Epilepsy, hysterick Fits, and other chronick Diseases of the Head: Take good Spanish-Tobacco, tops of Lavender, Time, Hypericon, of each half an handful: flowers of the Tile-Tree, of Lilly-Convally, of each three pugils: roots of Angelica, and of white Hellebor, of each three drams: Castoreum, a dram and half: volatile Salt of Amber, four scruples: cut, bruise, and affuse thereon Spi∣rit of Wine, ten ounces: digest in a Vessel close stopt for three days or more, then with a very gentle Fire, draw off the Spirit to dryness, with which mix Spirit of Soot, one dram: digest a little, and keep it for use: Now here is to be noted that liquid Errhines need not be exhibi∣ted in quantity above three drams or half an ounce at most, at one time; a dram or two may serve at a time in ordinary Cases.

10. Sternutatories in form of Pouder, excel∣lent for this Purpose: Take the best Spanish Tobacco, sweet Marjoram, Rosemary, Sage, of each half a dram: roots of white Hellebor, Ginger, of each a scruple: Musk, two grains: make a subtil Pouder to sneeze with. Or thus: Take roots of white Hellebor, and of Pyrethrum, of each half a scruple: flowers of Lavender, of Rosemary, of Lilly-Convally, seeds of Nigella, of each two scruples: Castoreum, ten grains: Ambergrise, three grains: mix and make a sub∣til Pouder for a Sternutatory. But the most ad∣mirable of all is this Errhine of Turbith mine∣ral: Take Turbith Mineral, a dram: Rose∣mary-leaves, a dram and half: Liquorice, three drams: mix and make a subtil Pouder, soft like Flower: 'tis a famous thing, and of ex∣cellent use, but must be used with much caution: it draws away indeed the morbifick Matter to a Miracle.

11. In the mean Season while these things are doing, it will be reasonable that a Clyster be prepared (as follows) to be exhibited with all convenient speed. Riverius commends this: Take Decoctum commune, a pint and half: Hiera Picra, and Diaphoenicon, of each an ounce: Oyls of Rue, and Lillies, of each an ounce and half: Honey of Roses, two ounces: Salt, a dram: mix and make a Clyster, to be given immediately. Or this of Deckers: Take Rue, Time, Origanum, Rosemary, of each on handful: Lavender-flowers, three pugils: roots of Masterwort, of blew flower de luce, of each two drams: roots of Pyrethrum, and of Sow-bread, of each three drams: Carthamus seeds tyed up in a Rag, one dram: Pulp of Colocyn∣this, half an ounce: boyl in a sufficient quan∣tity of Spring-Water, strain, and to six ounces thereof add Electuary Diaphoenicon, an ounce and half: the best Castoreum in Pouder, a dram: Sal Armoniack, half a dram: mix and make a Clyster. Or this of the same Authors: Take Rue, Asarum, Tobacco, of each an handful

and half: tops of the lesser Centory, an handful: roots of round Birthwort, of blew flower de luce, of each half an ounce: roots of black Hel∣lebor, of Sow-bread, of each three drams: Bay-berries, Grains of Paradice, of each two drams: cut, bruise, and boyl in a sufficient quantity of spring Water and Ʋrine, of each alike: strain, and in six ounces thereof dissolve Tro∣ches Alhandal, the best Castoreum, of each a dram and half: Honey of Roses, half an ounce: Electuary of Hiera Picra with Agarick, one ounce: mix and make a Clyster.

12. Willis saith, That Blood is copiously to be drawn back by a strong Clyster, in which may be dissolved the Species of Hiera Diacolocyn∣thidos, and a troubled Infusion of Crocus Me∣tallorum. Sennertus prescribes this: Take Be∣nedicta laxativa, the Species Hiera Logadii, of each three drams: Hiera simplex, six drams: Pil. Cochiae, one scruple: Sal Gem, four scru∣ples: Oyl of Rue, two ounces: Honey of Roses or of Rosemary-flowers strained, one ounce: mix it with a pint of the following Decoction and make a Clyster. The Decoction: Take roots of An∣gelica, and Orrice, of each three drams: Rue, Calamint, Penny-royal, Hysop, Centory the less, Bay-leaves, of each one handful: flowers of A∣rabian Stoechas, of Lavender, of each half an handful: Sena, Carthamus-seeds, of each half an ounce: Juniper-berries, three drams: white Agarick, two drams: Pulp of Colocynthis tyed up in a Rag, (or in place thereof for the melan∣choly humor, black Hellebor) one dram: make a Decoction in a sufficient quantity of Hydromel for the Clyster aforedescribed.

13. If so be Clysters should be troublesom, and there be none about the sick that can admi∣nister them, you must then put up Suppositories into the Body, such like as these following, Joel prescribes: Take Honey boyled to a consistency, half an ounce: Pouder of Colocynthis, one scru∣ple: Sal Gem, two scruples: Euphorbium in Pouder, ten grains: mix, and make a Suppo∣sitory. Sennertus adviseth this: Take Species Hiera Logadii or Diacolocynthidos, two drams: seeds of Caraway, and Rue, of each two scru∣ples: Castoreum, and Sal Gem, of each one scruple: with Honey boyled to a thickness, a sufficient quantity: make a Suppository. Riverius prescribes this: Take the Species Hiera Picra Galeni, two drams: Coloquintida, and Aga∣rick, of each half a dram: Diagridium, one scruple: Sal Gem, two drams: Honey boyled to a consistency, a sufficient quantity: mix and make Suppositories.

14. Deckers in his Exercitations prescribes these: Take Honey boyled to a thickness, to half an ounce: Species Hiera Picra, half a dram: Troches Alhandal, ten grains: mix and make a Suppository. Or thus: Take Troches Alhandal, a scruple: the best Castoreum, Sal Armoniack, of each half a dram: roots of white Hellebor, ten grains: with a sufficient quantity of Honey boyled to a thickness make two Supposi∣tories, which anoint with Oyl of Castoreum. Or thus: Take Meal or flower, two ounces and half: common Salt, two drams: Aloes, a dram and half: roots of black Hellebor, a dram: Species Hiera Picra Galeni, half a dram: Pulp of Colocynthis, one scruple: Hermodactils, fifteen grains: with the yolk of one Egg, and a sufficient quantity of Honey boyled to a thickness, make the ingredients (being all in fine pouder) into a mass for Suppositories. These Suppo∣sitories may also be put up after a Clyster ex∣hibited, if it comes not away in due time.

15. Moreover, as to Clysters and Supposito∣ries, this is to be observed, that they ought to be twice as sharp, as in those Diseases that are not soporiferous; they may then do much good, because they stir up, and draw forth much pituitous matter stagnating, or fixed in a part, from which the Apoplexy many times derives its Essence and Original.

16. Vinegar with Castoreum are good to be applyed to the Nose, for that they have a spe∣cifick property to stir up from Sleep: also the fumes of Vinegar from a red hot Iron may be received up the Nostrils: and it will be better, if you put therein Nigella or Pepper-wort seeds, Rue-seeds, or Castoreum: But Vinegar it self warmed and applyed to the Nose, if it be sharp stirs up the Patient powerfully; and more pow∣erfully, if you add to it Pepper and Castoreum: The Fumes of Sulphur are very prevalent in this case; as also the Fumes or Smoak of white

Amber, or of Goats-hair, or Hartshorn, which are thought to be specificks for reviving the Sick out of the Paroxysm.

17. Inwardly, you may put into the Mouth old Venice Treacle, dissolved in Aqua Coelestis, or Aqua Apoplectica, or Auraea Alexandria, or Confectio Anacardina. You may also inject into the Mouth a Decoction of Mustard-seed in Vinegar or strong Wine, or a Decoction of the roots of Pyrethrum in the same with a little Ca∣storeum: but things which yet more transcend are Powers of Amber, and of Sea-Cole, spirits of Hartshorn, of Elks hoof, and of Ʋrine, and of Soot, with other things of like nature: In this case the Volatile Salt of Beans merits high Commendations.

18. After these things are done, let the Sick be placed in his bed; and if he be able and does easily Vomit, let an Emetick be given him, of Sal Vitrioli, Oxymel of squills, or Infusion of Crocus Metallorum; and then with a Feather put down the Throat, provoke Vomiting four or five times, drinking between whiles Posset drink. Some do greatly commend Vomits, and chiefly those made of Antimony, as the Crocus Metallorum, and the Aqua Benedicta made of it; Glass of Antimony, &c. as also Mercurius Vitae, made of the butter of Antimony.

19. If it so happen that the faculties are so oppressed that Physick will not work, it is a very evil sign, and such seldom recover: but saith Celsus, when it so falls out; we must use such Medicines as are at hand, if they be proper for the Disease; and if it be desperate, we may use desperate Medicines; for as Sennertus saith, It is better in desperate Cases, to use desperate Medicines, than for the Sick without tryal, to dye an easie Death. And as the same Celsus saith in another place, Many things may be done in a time of danger and necessity, which may well be omitted at another time.

20. Therefore when we have used some Me∣dicines without success, we may venture upon higher and stronger, to wit, such as are made of Antimony, especially those which are less vehement and furious, as the Aqua Benedicta Rulandi, and Infusion of Crocus Metallorum, (both before mentioned) which purging both upwards and downwards, bring such a quantity of Flegm out of the Mouth, not only from the Stomach, but from the Brain also, that som∣times the Patient is cured with this only Evacu∣ation: And Riverius testifies upon his own expe∣rience, that he saw a noble Man thrice in 2 years, cured of an Apoplexy with this only Medicine.

21. Notwithstanding Hoeferus, in his Hercu∣les Medicus, advises to beware of Vomits, unless the Patient be taken Apoplectical immediately after Meat, and the Physician be called at the same time: but saith Riverius, although some learned men do forbid the use of Vomits in these Diseases; yet we must yield to experience, which daily teacheth us, that Children affected with sleeping Diseases, are more readily and safely cured by the Vomiting Salt of Vitriol, than with any other Medicine. The same Author com∣mends a Tincture of Tobacco, drawn with Aqua Vitae, to be taken to the quantity of two drams, to be mixt with Honey or some Syrup, and so poured down the Throat.

22. Blood-letting, and Cupping-glasses Bar∣bet saith, he very rarely approved of, but Ri∣verius adviseth, Cupping to the Back, Shoul∣ders, Arms and Thighs without Scarification, if blood had been formerly taken away; or with Scarification, if it had not: But saith he, The chief and only place, is to apply Cupping-glas∣ses to the Head, the which is confirmed by an History of Zacutus Lusitanus, where he saith, That he cured a desperate Apoplexy by setting a Cupping-Glass twice upon the hinder part of the Head with deep Scarification.

23. If none of these things do, and though the hopes of Life be but small; yet let the top of the Head be shaven, and a red hot Iron held over to scald it; or, if you like not that, lay a large Vesicatory over it; (but Riverius advi∣ses to lay the Blistering Plasters to the Neck behind, and to the Shoulders: both may be good:) then let the other parts of the Head, especially the Temples and Forehead be bathed with Bezoartick Vinegar; and let a Dose of Spirits of Hartshorn, of Amber, or of Soot, be often cast down the Throat, which things, or other like, cease not to administer, till you see Death it self approach; for th••se Remedies (as

Celsus saith) not only defer Death, but somtimes revive again to life.

24. On the next day let the same Remedies be continued, the Clyster repeated, and the spirit of Sal Armoniack be held to the Nose, or a fume of Galbanum boyled in Vinegar, or Ens Primum; (being the Fumes of Sulphur conden∣sed in water:) Moreover let Errhines or Ster∣nutatories, and Masticatories or things to be chewed in the Mouth be used: then in the Evening let a Purge be ordered of Pilulae Rudij, or of our Family Pills, or Pilulae Cochiae the less; or a Solutive Electuary of Roses, dissolved in some convenient Vehicle.

25. But that the Brain and parts weakned may be strengthned, and to corroborate the Ven∣tricle, and other Viscera, as also to promote the more liberal generation of Animal Spirits, Apoplectick Waters and Spirits ought to be gi∣ven. This of Sennertus is good: Take Laven∣der-flowers, two handfuls: flowers of Rosemary, of Betony, of Sage, of each one handful: Cu∣bebs, Grains of Paradice, Nutmegs, of each half an ounce: rectifyed Spirit of Wine, two pound: let them stand in digestion, in a Vessel close stopt for some days, then decant the Tin∣cture: Dose two drams in any convenient liquor. Or this: Take Cubebs, two ounces: Nutmegs, grains of Paradice, Cardamoms, of each one ounce and half: Cinnamon, Calamus Aromati∣cus, Zedoary, of each an ounce: Cloves, six drams: Species Diamoschu Dulcis, Diambrae, cum moscho & Ambra, of each three drams: choice Canary or Sherry Wine, a sufficient quan∣tity; let them stand in Infusion eight days; then distil off the spirit. Again, Take flowers of Lavender, Rosmary, and Arabian Stoechas, of each four ounces: Indian spicknard, three oun∣ces: Rue, Gentian Mustard seed, Rocket-seed, of each two ounces: black Pepper, one ounce: rectified spirit of Wine, six pound: let them stand in digestion four or six days, then carefully in a double glass Body in Balneo, draw off the spirit: these two spirits mix together, and in∣fuse therein the best Castoreum in Pouder, two ounces: after twenty days, decant the Tincture and keep it for use: or if you so please, you may for two or three Months keep it upon the faeces. Dose one dram to two or three in a fit Vehicle.

LVII. The Cure of an habitual Apoplexy; or the prophylactick or preservative Method the Patient being out of the Fit.

1. Where an Apoplexy is habitual, although a course somwhat different from the former must be taken, yet not contradictory to what is already prescribed in the Fit: For first, there must be (as there) an evacuation of the morbi∣fick Matter; which is done by a continued course of Purgation, either upwards or down∣wards, according as the Seat of the peccant humor lyes: by exhibition of Errhines, Ster∣nutatories, Masticatories, Clysteries: by ap∣plication of Vesicatories, Cupping-Glasses, the Seton: and lastly by Bathings, and other sudo∣rifick means: all which things we have largely explicated in the former Section, with plenty of examplary Prescripts; so that here we may be the more brief in the dilating upon those things. In the Fit; the Method of Cure has relation to the speedy performance thereof, without which it is wholly ineffectual: Out of the Fit, we put things in practice more leisurely, and in that or∣der that the urgency if the Symptoms require; it being rather prophylactick or preventative than curative; wherein after a gradual manner the habit of the Body is altered; the morbid Matter taken away, somtimes by insensible means, somtimes by proper evacuations; ac∣cording to the nature of the humor offending; and lastly, the vital Intention is prosecuted to the compleating of the desired Cure.

2. Secondly: After the proper Evacuations are made, (yea, and in the time of making them) such things ought to be exhibited, as may not only alter the universal habit of the Body, but also strengthen and corroborate the Parts weak∣ned by the Disease; restore those which are hurt by the procatartick Cause: and withall o∣pen Obstructions so powerfully, as to prevent the renewing of the morbid Matter; the neglect of which Intention, has been the reason of the return of the Disease in several persons, who otherwise might have obtained their perfect Health.

3. In the last place, for the compleating of the Work proper Specificks are to be exhibited M••rning, Noon, and Night, or after, (as need shall require:) that thereby the Foot-steps of the Disease, the morbid habit, and the very inclination thereto, or any thing like it, may be obliterated in their first acts or approaches: by this means we not only confirm the Cure, but secure the future state of the Patient, by for∣tifying him against all the dangers of a Relapse.

4. If the Patient be easy to vomit, let him first take a proper Emetick, as the Emetick Tartar of Mynsicht, the Vinum benedictum, the Aqua benedicta Rulandi, or Infusion of Crocus Metallorum, with Salt of Vitriol, or the Sulphur of Antimony, or this following: Take fresh leaves of Asarabacca, from six to nine: bruise them, and put them into three or four ounces of White-Wine, squeez them forth, and add thereto Wine of Squills, half an ounce: mix them. Or this: Take Emetick Tartar of Mynsicht, three grains: Crocus Metallorum, four grains: Salt of Vitriol, ten grains: mix them for a Dose.

5. Three or four days or a week being past, you may p••rge the Patient with our Family Pills, which in due intervals of time may be repeated three four or six times more or less, as you see the sick to abound with evil humors. Physici∣ans say, That Purges in this Disease ought to be strong; and that we ought not to be too curious or fearful in purging, for that the Disease does much require it, the humors being many and stubborn, and the Senses so drowned or o∣vercome, that they cannot be roused or stirred up without strong Medicines.

6. Some prescribe for a Purge the Electuary Diacarthamum one ounce, dissolved in Betony-Water with ten or fifteen grains of Castoreum. Or this: Take Turbith, four scruples: Agarick, two drams: Ginger, two scruples: Fennel seeds, one scruple: Castoreum, six grains: infuse them in a sufficient quantity of Betony-Water: strain, and in three ounces thereof dissolve E∣lectuarium Diacarthamum, three drams: Sy∣rup of Roses, an ounce: mix them. Or this: Take Pil. Cochiae the less, one dram: Casto∣reum, six grains: with Betony-Water make se∣ven Pills: if the sick cannot swallow Pills, dis∣solve them in Sage or Lavender-Water.

7. Or this: Take Pil. Cochiae the greater, Pil. de Agarico, of each half a dram: Troches Al∣handal, Scammony, Castoreum, of each three grains: with Honey of Roses make Pills, or dissolve it in Sage-Water. Or this: Take Se∣na, half an ounce: white Agarick, a dram and half: Turbith, one dram: Ginger, Galangal, of each half a dram: boyl them in Sage and Rosemary-Water: strain, and in two ounces and half thereof, dissolve of the Electuary Diacar∣thamum, two drams: Oxymel simple, half an ounce: Castoreum, a scruple. Or this: Take Scammony, a scruple: Troches Alhandal, Ca∣storeum, of each half a scruple: with Syrup of wild Cucumbers make Pills.

8. But before the adhibition of a Purge you are to consider whether the Belly be bound or not; for if it be, you must be sure before hand to exhibit a Clyster, which may be made of the roots of Angelica, of Fennel, of Peony, of the Bark of Elder, of the leaves of Rue, Sage, Hysop, Origanum, Betony, Rosemary, Laven∣der, Marjoram, Calamint, Penny-royal, of the flowers of Arabian Stoechas, Lavender, of the berries of Juniper, Bay, Dwarf-Elder, of the seeds of Peony, Fennel, Anise, Carthamus, of Agarick, Sena, Colocynthis, Electu∣arium de Hiera simplex, Diacolocynthi∣dos, Logadii, Pacchii, Diaphoenicon, Benedicta laxativa, Pil. Cochiae, Mel Anthosatum, Oyl of Rue, of Bays, and of Cammomil.

9. Take Pellitory, of the Wall, Hysop, Cala∣mint, Origanum, Rue, Sage, and the lesser Centory, of each one handful: Carthamus-seeds, half an ounce: Fennel, and Cumin-seeds, of each three drams; white Agarick tyed up in a linnen Rage, two drams: Colocynthis tyed up with it, one dram and half: boyl them to one pint, strain, and add to the Liquor Hiera Pi∣cra, half an ounce: Diaphoenicon, one ounce: Oyl of Rue, two ounces: mix and make a Cly∣ster: Some add to the Clyster Aqua Bendicta Rulandi, two ounces: which makes it work strongly.

10. You may give four or six ounces of the same Infusion (viz. of Crocus Metallorum) at

a time, also you may take it out of the Glass, where the Infusion is made, presently after shaking, that it may have some small matter of the Pouder in it, to make it the more strong. Therefore for the most part Clysters of Aqua Benedicta, or Vinum Emeticum are prescribed, because in many Diseases, especially Cholicks they do Wonders, you may make it after this manner: Take fat Mutton-Broth, a pint: Tincture of Colocynthis made with Spirit of Wine, an ounce: Infusion of Crocus Metallorum shaked together, two ounces: mix and make a Clyster: 'Tis an admirable one in an Apoplexy.

11. Platerus commends this: Take roots of Orrice, Pyrethrum, of each one ounce: of A∣ron, half an ounce: roots of Hellebor, one dram: leaves of Rue, Sage, Time, tops of Centory, Water-Cresses, of each one handful: Carra∣way-seeds, half an ounce: Nettles, and Rue, of each one dram: Mustard-seed, two drams: Pulp of Coloquintida tyed up in a Rag, half a dram: Rosemary-flowers, two pugils: make a Decoction: strain and dissolve therein Hiera Co∣locynthidos, half an ounce: Honey, an ounce and half: Oyl of Rue, three ounces: Castore∣um, Euphorbium, of each a scruple: Sal Gem, one dram: mix and make a Clyster.

12. Moreover Suppositories, seeing they do greatly irritate, and may quickly be prepared, and by reason of their weakness who cannot keep Clysters, are very convenient, and often to be repeated, especially in an Apoplexy and Apo∣plectical Constitution; in which also, those things which burn, when as the Sick are without Sense, can no ways do any hurt.

13. And therefore the gentler being first tryed, if they do no good, the following stronger things may be used. Take Honey, two ounces: juyce of Mercury, half an ounce: Bulls Gall, six drams: Aloes, three drams: boyl them to a thickness; adding towards the end, roots of white Hellebor, of Pyrethrum, of each half a dram: Colocynthis, half a scruple: Sal Gem, two scruples: mix and make Suppositories: but if you desire it to be more speedily pre∣pared mix these Pouders with strained Opo∣panax and Galbanum, with a little Ox-Gall.

14. In the Progress of the Cure, Purges also ought to be repeated, especially where the humors are multiplyed and thick, or apt to stagnate: and they must be reiterated again and again, if the Disease or habit yields not to the former, so as to give the Patient hopes of Recovery: A Tincture of Colocynthis gi∣ven, mixed with a quarter of a pint of white Wine is of singular use, if the Patient can be made to take it, by reason of its bitter∣ness.

15. Orderly Evacuations also may be made from the Brain by proper Errhines, Sternuta∣tories, Masticatories, and such like; as also by application of Vesicatories, Seton, Cupping-Glasses, making of Issues, &c. of which we have given full and ample Directions in the former Section; save, that these things may be often repeated in an habitual Apoplexy, at fit intervals of time.

16. Let us now come to the alteration of the habit, which is for the most part performed by the constant taking of a Diet drink, which for this purpose you may make after this manner. Take mealy Sarsaparilla bruised, three pound: Raspings of Guajacum, and of Sassafras, of each a pound and half: Calamus Aromaticus, Bur∣dock-root, of each a pound: Zedoary, Liquorice, of each half a pound: boyl all in six gallons of water, or more to the consumption of two gal∣lons: then add Juniper-berries bruised, Carra∣ways, of each four ounces: Coriander-seeds brui∣sed, Mustard-seed, of each two ounces: Raisons stoned, blew Figs slit, of each a pound and half: boyl till about fourteen quarts remain, which make pleasant with white Sugar, strain, and bot∣tle it up.

17. Of this the Sick may drink a pint or a quart a day, as they see convenient, and repeat the same quantity two, three, or four times, ac∣cording to the urgency of the Discrasy: but here you are to note, That if the Decoction proves too strong, (as it certainly will for some) you may weaken it by adding to the whole two, three, or four quarts of pure White or new Rhenish Wine: It ought to be taken constantly and long, for otherwise the depra∣ved

habit of the Body will not be altered or changed.

18. If you would yet make the Diet more powerful, you may add to the composition Vir∣ginian Snake-root, a pound: Contra yerva, half a pound: encreasing proportionally to the quantity ad∣ded, the quantity of water: by this means you will have indeed a most efficacious alterative, which will not fail in performing of that which is de∣sired.

19. Dr. Willis prescribes this Chocolate. Take pouder of the roots of the Male-peony, Mans Skull prepared, of each half an ounce: the Species Diambrae, two drams; make a Pouder, to which add of the cleansed Kernels of the Cacoe-Nuts, one pound: Sugar, so much as will suf∣fice: of this make a Chocolate. Take of it half an ounce or six drams, every Morning, in a draught of the Decoction of Sage or Rose∣mary, or Betony, flowers of Peony, or such-like: and you may repeat it (if you so please) at night too.

20. He also prescribes for ordinary drink: A Vessel of four gallons to be filled with ordi∣nary Ale, in which six handfuls of white Hore∣hound dryed had been boyled, with Anacardiums and Cardamums cut and beaten, of each an ounce and half: to be put into a bag with a stone in it, and so put into the Ale, during the time it is a drinking. Thus much for altering the habit: It remains that we prosecute the Vital Indi∣cation, by prescribing such things as are Spe∣cificks against this Disease: and then lastly, come to the applications of Topicks, and so conclude.

21. Barbet gives us a Catalogue of these Specificks altogether, which are these following: roots of Angelica, of Masterwort, of blew Flower-de-luce, of florentine Orrice, of Ga∣langal, of Pyrethrum; leaves of Lavender, Ros∣mary, Hysop, Rue, Spicknard, Ground-pine, Sage, wild Marjoram, and all Vegetables which are Diureticks or Cephalicks. The flowers of Lavender, Lillies, Oranges, Spike, Stoechas, Juniper-berries, Cubebs, Cardamoms, Carra∣ways, Mustard-seed, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cin∣namon, Ginger, Pepper, Balsam of Peru, Civit, Musk, Castoreum, Peruvian Balm tree: Wa∣ters of Lillys-Convally, of Juniper, of Parsly, of Sage: the Anhaltine and Apoplectick wa∣ters of Crollius, of Mynsicht, of Quercetan, and of Riverius: Spirits of black Cherries, of Pismires, of Mans Skull, of Mans Blood, of Lillys-convally: Essence of Ambergrise, Am∣ber, Castoreum: the Elixir of Peony, of Myn∣sicht; syrup of Rosemary-flowers, of Mint; the Anacardine Confection: Chymical Oyls of Amber, of Sage, of Lavender, of Spicknard, of Cloves, of the Hazle-tree: Conserves of Oranges and Rosemary-flowers, of Mint: the Apoplectick Balsam, and all Compound Ce∣phalicks: the Magistery of Mans Skull, of Am∣ber; the Apoplectick Salt of Mynsicht, and his Troches of Emerald, the Elixir Vitae of Barbets prescription. To these Deckers adds, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, the stinking Spirit of the Vola∣tile Salt of Tartar, or the Diaphoretick in very acute Diseases, mixtura simplex, made of five parts of Spirit of Treacle camphorated; four parts of the spirit of Tartar rectified, and one part of the spirit or Oyl of Vitriol rectified; all mixt together and digested for some weeks.

22. Take of the Antiparalytick and Anti∣prophylactick waters of Sylvius, of each an ounce and half: Betony-water, two ounces and half: syrup of Stoechas, ten drams: mix them, and let the Patient take it by spoonfuls. Or this: Take the greater Elixir Vitae of Querce∣tan, a dram: Powers of Rosemary and Laven∣der, of each two scruples: rectified Spirit of An∣gelica, half a dram: Oyl of Cinnamon, ten drops: mix them. Of this you may give twenty or thirty drops, three or four times a day in a glass of Wine or Ale. Or, you may give twice a day, the Salt of Mans skull to one scruple, The spirit of Sal Armoniack is ad∣mirable being taken in Lavender or Mother of Time-water. And the dulcified Spirit of Salt rightly prepared, being constantly taken to ten or fifteen drops, yea to half a dram, in Sage or wild Time Ale, or other proper Physical drink. The Volatile Salt of Amber is commended by all Men as a most experienced Medicine; and the Volatile Salt of Beans is no ways inferiour to it for the same purpose: you may give them with the addition of ten grains of Castoreum.

23. Platerus commends this Compound water for this Disease. Take Sage, Rosemary, Time, Marjoram, of each half an ounce: Rue, two drams: Lavender-flowers, three drams: fr••nch Lavender, one dram: Rocket-seed, one dram: Cinnamon, half an ounce: Nutmeg, two drams: Cloves, one dram and half: Cubebs, one dram: infuse them in the most generous Wine, that it may supernate the space of two inches, and distil in Balneo according to Art. Dose one, two, or three spoonfuls, Castoreum in fine pouder may be infused in the same Water, which may be afterwards strained away, and the water then given: but you need not infuse it in the whole Composition, as some do, but rather infuse it in the one half or a third part of the same, keeping the greater part which is most grateful for constant use.

24. Also if you infuse the abovenamed Herbs, and others of like nature, in the best rectified Spirit of Wine, digesting them a con∣venient time in the Sun, or other gentle heat; and withall repeat the Infusions for several times, you shall make a strong and most admi∣rable Tincture for this same purpose. Or, if out of every Herb a part, you draw the like Tincture, they will be each effectual to the same Intention, also you may make a mixture of several of them, as you shall see most conve∣nient, which will be as effectual as if you had drawn the compound Tincture all at once. The Tincture, Spirit, and Powers of Rosemary, are extolled above all the rest, especially the former, and the latter being made with the best rectified and Inflamable Spirit of Rose∣mary.

25. For such a Spirit, by reason of its extream subtilty and heat with which it is endued, car∣ries the Virtue of other things to the Brain, and casting forth much flegm, it stirs up the native heat and benummed faculties. For this reason we judge it a good Menstruum to draw forth and extract the Tinctures of proper Cepha∣licks, and Antapoplectick Vegetables, and may be used in this Case, much more advantageously than Spirit of Wine.

26. Oyls extracted by the Art of Chymistry from most of the aforenamed things at § 21. aforegoing, do exert the greatest power, though given but in a drop or two, and therefore are very beneficial if they be dropt upon a little Su∣gar, mixt, and then dissolved in any convenient Vehicle, and so put into the Mouth to be swal∣lowed. Of this kind are the Oyls of Marjo∣ram, of Sage of Rosmary, of Lavender, of Sassafras, of Limons, of Oranges, of Tyme, of Hysop, of Mint, of Southernwood, of Wormwood, of Penny royal, of Featherfew, of Origanum, of Calamus Aromati∣cus, of Pepper, of Cloves, of Nutmegs, of Am∣ber, of Cinnamon, and such other like. Hol∣lerius extols, the Oyl of Vitriol, which be∣cause of its sharpness causeth Watchings: but the dulcified or sweet Oyl is infinitely the bet∣ter, being so made by digesting it for a long time with the best rectified Spirit of Wine, or of Juniper-berries.

27. Willis prescribes this distilled Water: Take the roots of the Male Peony, of Imperato∣rian Angelica, of each half a pound: roots of Zedoary, of the lesser Galangal, of each one ounce: of the leaves of Tree Misleto, of Rue, Sage, Betony, of each four handfuls: of the outer rind of ten Oranges, and eight Limons, Cardamoms, Cloves, Nutmegs, of each half an ounce: all being cut and bruised, pour to them of White-Wine, (in which two pints of Peacocks-Dung has been infused for a day) ten pints: let them be close stopt for three days, then distil it according to Art, and let the whole Liquor be mixed together.

28. Riverius commends this following Wa∣ter instar ommium, which, he saith, was invented by himself: Take Peony-roots, and Misleto, of the Oak, of each two ounces: Calamus Aro∣maticus, Galangal, Cyprus, of each one ounce: Betony, Sage, Marjoram, of each one handful: Peony, Angelica, Fennel, and Caraway-seeds, of each three drams: Lavender, Stoechas, and Rosemary-flowers, of each a pugil: Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves, Cubebs, Cardamoms, Grains of Paradice, of each half an ounce: Cinnamon, two ounces? Saffron, one dram and half: the Spe∣cies Diambrae, and Diamoschu, of each two drams: cut and beat them, put them into a glass Still, and affuse thereon a sufficeint quan∣tity of the best Spirit of Wine: let them stand in

a warm Balneo Maris, with Hay in it, for the space of eight days, then draw off the Water ac∣cording to Art, which keep in a bottle close stopt for use.

29. But that we may not ty you up to one or two prescripts (besides what we have exhibi∣ted in Our Pharmacopoeia and Doron Medi∣cum,) we will present you with several others out of the great Sennertus, Take Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace, Ginger, Zedoary, Galangal the greater and lesser, Pepper, white, black, and long, Cinnamon, Calamus Aromaticus, round Cyperus, Doronicum, Grains of Paradice, Car∣damoms, Cubebs, Castoreum, seeds of Carra∣ways, Fennel, Anise, Citron, Limon, and Orange peels, of each three drams: Spicknard Indian, Celtick and Vulgar, roots of Gentian, Eryngo, Orrice, Peony, Pyrethrum, Misletoe of the Oak, and of the Hazle, of each half an ounce; Frankincense, Myrrh, Mastich, Aloes, of each two drams: Germander, Ground-pine, Nep, Bawm, Sage, Rosemary, Marjoram, of each half a handful: Ey-bright, two handfuls: Pen∣ny-royal, Mint, Hysop, Mugwort, Origanum, Mother of Tyme, Celandine, of each half a handful: Betony, one handful: Dill, half a handful: Dates, sweet Almonds, of each half an ounce: Juniper-berries, a handful: flowers of Elder, Violets, Lavender, of the Tile-tree, red Roses, of Peony, Primroses, of each two pugils: of Borrage, of Bugloss, Lilly convally, of each three pugils: Saffron, a dram and half: cut and bruise, and affuse thereon, of the best Rhe∣nish Wine, of the best spirit of Wine, of each five quarts: let the Vessel be well stopt, and set in the sun for a month, or some other warm place, or in warm sand, if it be in Winter time, shaking it twice or thrice every day, then distil off the Water according to Art.

30. Take Flowers of Lavender, of the Tile-tree, of Peony, of Sage, of Rosemary, of Lillys-convally, of each one ounce: Misletoe of the Oak gathered in the decrease of the Moon, half an ounce: Betony, Primrose-leaves, Hy∣sop, of each a handful: Cubebs, Mace, Nut∣megs, of each half an ounce: Rocket-seed, two drams: affuse thereon a sufficient quantity of spirit of Wine, and distil according to Art.

31. Aqua alia Apoplectica: Take the lesser Cardamoms, Cubebs, Nutmgs, of each half an ounce: Wood of Misletoe of the Oak, one ounce: Rue, red Sage, of each an ounce and half: La∣vender-flowers, three ounces: Castoreum freed from skins and fat, an ounce and half: cut, bruise, and affuse thereon of the best Rhenish Wine, or water of Lilly-convally distilled with Wine, a sufficient quantity: digest in a glass close sealed up for fourteen days, then distil in Balneo ac∣cording to Art.

32. Aqua alia Apoplectica magis composi∣ta: Take Lavender-flowers, two handfuls: flowers of Rosemary, Spike, Elder, leaves of Rue, Rosemary, Penny-royal, Calamint, Spear∣mint, Origanum, Mother of Tyme, Betony, Sage, Marjoram, Bays, of each half an ounce: seeds of Anise, Fennel, Peony, of each three drams: Rocket-seed, roots of Elecampane, of florentine Orrice, flowers of Angelica, of Doronicum, of Masterwort, of Pyrethrum, of Burnet, Peony, Asarabacca, Cinnamon, of each half an ounce: Ginger, Cubebs, Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace, of each two drams: Grains of Paradice, Carda∣moms, Galangal, Zedoary, Saffron, the three sorts of Pepper, Gentian, of each four scruples: Calamus Aromaticus, half an ounce: Indian spicknard, Schoenanth, Arabian Stoechas, of each four scruples: Misletoe of the Oak, one ounce: Castoreum, half an ounce: flowers of Lillys-convally, four handfuls: cut and bruise grosly, and add thereto Species Diamoschu Dulcis, two drams: Diaprassium, one ounce: Diapoeoni, half an ounce: all made up into a Nodulus: affuse thereon of the best Rhenish Wine, nine pounds: of the best spirit of Wine, eight pounds: Sage-water, a pint: Waters of Lavender, Spicknard, Hysop, of the Tile-tree, of white Lillies, of each half a pound: Rosemary and Sage water, of each eight ounces: infuse all together in a glass close stopt in a warm place for fourteen days; then di∣stil according to Art: the first two quarts, being stronger keep by it self, and the weaker water by it self, to be used ordinarily.

33. A Pouder: Take roots of the Male-Peony, Virginian Snakeroot, Mans skull prepa∣red, of each an ounce and half: roots of Zedoa∣ry, Contrayerva, Angelica, Winter's Cinna∣mon,

of each half an ounce: let all be made into a fine pouder; and add thereto of the yellow of Oranges and Limons candied, of each two ounces and half; let all be beaten again to a pouder. Dose from half a dram to a dram, an hour be∣fore and after meals. Or this, commended by Riverius: Take white Amber, half an ounce: pouder of the Electuary Diarrhodon Abbatis, two drams: Peony-roots, one dram and half: make all into a subtil Pouder; Dose a dram in any convenient Vehicle.

34. Mustard seed given to half a dram is of excellent use, you may give it condited, or add it to Meats by way of Sawce. Nutmegs are good to be often chewed in the Mouth, as Rive∣rius affirms. Galen gave some grains of Ca∣storeum with Oxymel, and Trallianus says, That many, overcome with this Disease, have been re∣covered with this only Remedy. To which Platerus says, we may add some grains of Eu∣phorbium, the Tincture of which in Spirit of Wine may be given. The juyce of Onions may be given with Rue, or Sage-water, or with the Infusion of Rocket or Mustard seed in Wine. So also the sharp juyce of Water-cresses given in like manner a spoonful or more at a time is very profitable. The Anacardine confection is of admirable use in all cold Diseases of the Brain, but chiefly in an Apoplexy, and we rather chuse to use it than Mithridate or Venice Treacle, giving it either by it self, or dissolving it in a little Cinnamon-water. But the Extract of Sage is a great secret, and a specifick in an Apoplexy.

35. An Electuary: Take Conserves of the flowers of Lillys-convally, or of the male Peony, six ounces: pouder of the root of male Peony, half an ounce: Mans skull prepared, three drams: seeds and flowers of the male Peony pou∣dred, of each two drams: red Coral prepared, Pearls and the whitest Amber, of each one dram: salt of Coral, four scruples: syrup of the flowers of the male Peony, enough to make an Electuary. Dose two or three drams Morning and Even∣ing, drinking after it two or three ounces of some proper Antapoplectick-water.

36. Platerus commends this Electuary, as ve∣ry excellent in the Progress of the Disease: Take Conserve of Orrice-root, the true Acorus, that is, the Calamus Aromaticus in the shops, of each one ounce: Sage, Rosemary, Marjoram, Stoechas, Lavender, of each half an ounce: Confectio Anacardina, two drams: the species Diambrae, Diamoschu, of each half a dram: seeds of Rocket and Rue, of each one dram: with Oxymel of Squils or Honey of Anacar∣diums, make an Electuary. Dose the quantity of a Chestnut every other day: or one dram of it to two, may be taken Morning and Night, mixing with it eight or ten grains of Castoreum, and a grain or two of Euphorbium.

37. Sennertus advises to this Electuary: Take Conserves of Lavender flowers, one ounce: Conserves of Rosemary-flowers, Sage, Marjo∣ram, Betony, of each an ounce: Calamus Aro∣maticus condited, half an ounce: Species Dia∣moschu dulcis, half a dram: Rocket-seed, a dram: with Honey of Anacardiums and Syrup of Stoechas simple make an Electuary. This is better, Take Conserves of Sage, Rosemary, La∣vender, Stoechas, Marjoram, of each half an ounce: Calamus Aromaticus condited, Con∣fectio Anacardina, of each two drams: the Spe∣cies Diambrae, Diamoschu, of each half a dram: volatile Salt of Amber, Salt of Mans-skull, of each a dram: Pouder of Virginian snake-root, and of Contrayerva, of each a dram and half: volatile Sal Armoniack, two scruples: with Syrup of the Juyce of Kermes make an Electua∣ry: Dose from one dram to two.

38. Lozenges: Take Species Diambrae, two drams: Pouder of the roots, of Male Peony, choice Zedoary, of each one dram and half: Pearls, a dram: the best rectified Oyl of Am∣ber, half a dram: the whitest Sugar dissolved in Peony-Water, six ounces, and boyled up to a consistency: with which make Lozenges accor∣ding to Art, each weighing half a dram: Let the Patient eat one or two, often in a day at plea∣sure: and after the eating of them, to drink a dram or two of some proper Apoplectick Wa∣ter, or the Aqua Vitae Matthioli,

39. Riverius commends these Tablets or Lo∣zenges: Take Ambergrise, half a scruple: di∣stilled Oyls of Aniseeds, of Cinnamon, and of Nutmegs, of each three drops: Oyl of Cloves, one drop: Sugar dissolved in Orange flower-wa∣ter

and boyled up to a consistence, four ounces: mix and make Lozenges according to Art, each weighing a dram: Dose one or two Lozenges every Morning; after which you may drink a little Aqua Apoplectica.

40. Sennertus prepares these Morsels: Take the Species Aromaticum Rosatum, a dram: Diambrae, two scruples: Diapliris cum Moscho, Dianthos, of each a scruple: Conserves of Rose∣mary and Lavender-flowers, of each one dram and half: Extracts of Peony, five grains: of Galangal, three grains: red Coral dissolved, a scruple: Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression, four grains: Oyls of Cloves, and of Amber, of each two drops: Sugar dissolved in Rosemary and Lilly-Convally Waters, and boyled up to a con∣sistence, a sufficient quantity: mix and make Morsels according to Art. Or thus: Take white Amber prepared, two drams and half: the Species Aromaticum Rosatum, Diambrae, Dianthos, Diapliris, of each two scruples: Su∣gar dissolved in Betony-Water and boyled up, eight ounces: mix and make Morsels.

41. Rotulae Antapoplecticae: Take Extracts of Peony roots, and of Calamus Aromaticus, of each one scruple: Pearls prepared, two scruples: red Coral prepared, half a dram: Oyl of Nut∣megs by expression, one scruple: distilled Oyl of Nutmegs, twelve drops: Oyl of Fennel seed, seven drops: Sugar dissolved in Peony-Water, and boyled up, three ounces: mix and make Rowls according to Art: after the same man∣ner may Rowls be prepared with chymical Oyls of Cubebs, which will be of great efficacy.

42. These Pills also are given to corroborate and strengthen the Head & animal Powers, being taken in the Morning fasting, and last at Night going to bed: Take Cubebs, Mastick, Nutmegs, Cloves, of each one dram: Ambergrise, half a dram: Musk, half a scruple: with Extract of Gentian make Pills: Dose from a scruple to half a dram, or two scruples: 'tis a most ex∣cellent composition, and a Specifick in the Case.

43. This following Tincture is inferiour to few things: Take Virginian-snake root, Contra∣yerva, Bay berries hull'd, Zedoary, Cubebs, Cloves, of each an ounce: Cinnamon, Anacar∣dimums, of each an ounce and half: with the best rectified Spirit of Wine (the Ingredients be∣ing all well bruised) make a strong Tincture in forty days shaking of it every day: then let it stando till it is fine, decant the Tincture, and put intn it pure Ambergrise Musk, of each three drams in very subtile Pouder: upon which let the Liquor perpetually stand: Dose two or three drams in a Glass of Wine every Morning fasting.

44. We commend also, as Specificks in this Disease the Potestates or Powers of Rosemary (a most admirable thing) the Powers of Laven∣der, of Sage, of Tansy, of sweet Marjoram, of Origanum, of Oranges, of Limons, of Sassa∣fras, of Bay and Juniper-berries, of Time, of Savory, of Penny-royal, of Caraways, and of Amber: than which no other preparations can be more powerful; for that they pierce into the most remote and inward recesses of the Brain and animal Spirits, and that powerfully and mo∣mentarily. To these you may add the volatile Salts of Ʋrine, of Mans-Blood, of Sal Ar∣moniack, of Mans-Skull, of Vipers, of Am∣ber, of Ox-horns, of Harts-horn, of Elks-hoofs, of Tartar, of Soot, and such like, which by a specifick property overcome the Disease: nor is the volatile Salt of Beans in any thing behind them, the preparation of which we have taught elsewhere.

45 If the Disease proceeds from Blood thrust forth into the Cavities of the Brain, (be∣sides provoking Blood by the Veins in the No∣strils, or opening those under the Tongue, or the Jugulars,) we must use things less hot; and also we must use Medicines that purge Choler, with those that purge Flegm. If it comes in a Melancholy habit of Body, purge Melancholy chiefly with Sena, and if the Patient be strong, with the Extract of black Hellebor, and alter∣nately with both of them, as you shall see con∣venient, and then give the Medicines before prescribed for strengthning the Brain and com∣forting the Animal Spirits. If it proceeds from fullness or too plentiful feeding after a li∣beral evacuation both upwards and downwards, you will find that abstinence, at least tem∣perance, will mightily facilitate the Cure.

46. It now only remains that we shew what Topicks are to be applyed, and so conclude

We have already spoken of the application of Vesicatories, Seton, making of Issues, &c. we will here add a word or two of Cauteries, for that Authors have declared from thence such admi∣rable eff••cts: Some in the height of the Disease burn the hinder part of the Head, between the first and second Vertebra or Back-bone, with an actual Cautery: Some apply them to the Crown of the Head, others to the hinder parts thereof; others to all those places.

47. Zacutus Lusitanus applyed them often in his time with good success; as he witnesseth in his Praxis Admir. Lib. 1. Observ. 14. his words are these. I being called to visit a sick Man who for the space of thirty days was taken with a deep and irresistable sleep, concomitant with a small Feaver; he had used many evacua∣ting and diverting or repelling Medicines, but they profited nothing; therefore applyed the Actual Cautery with much benefit: for with a red hot Iron I soorched the Crown of his Head, till it was hard and crusty, as also the hinder part, and almost every where about his Head, by which means he awaked, and the places burn∣ed beginning to matter, he arose and came to himself: by this means I remember I cured two in dead sleeps, contrary to expectation; after all means had been used in Vain: and those were cured by the heat of the fire, melting and dissol∣ving the humor, which came forth at their Mouth and Nostrils many days after.

48. Riverius advises to this: Take Bay and and Juniper-berries, of each an ounce and half: roots of Zedoary, Angelica, Masterwort, Py∣rethrum, of each one ounce: Betony, Sage, Rosemary, of each an handful: Rue, Sage, Marjoram, Lavender-flowers, of each half an handful: boyl them in Vinegar: In this De∣coction dip a Sponge or linnen Cloth, and apply it warm to the Head. It is a wonderful thing (saith he) to see what this will do: but if you add to it a quarter part or better of Spirit of Wine, it will do yet much more.

49. Sennertus prescibes this Fomentation for the Head being first shaved: Take roots of Or∣rice, Ciperus, the true Acorus, of each one ounce: Marjoram, Bays, Sage, wild Time, Penny-royal, Savory, Bawm, of each one handful: flowers of Lavender, Stoechas, Cammomil, of each a pugil: seeds of Agnus Castus, a dram: boyl in Lye, with a little Wine: with this Decoction foment or irritate the Head. Or thus: Take Oyl of Nuts, two pounds: A∣qua Vitae, Juyce of Rue, of each an ounce and half: Penny-royal, wild Time, Sage, of each a handful: cut and boyl them for a Fomentation for the Head.

50. Afterwards you may anoint the Head with some proper Antapoplectick Oyl or Bal∣sam: as, Take Castoreum, half an ounce: Ashes of Mans-hair, three dram: Juyce of Rue, Vi∣negar, Oyl Olive, of each two ounces: boyl to an Oyntment: with which anoint the Head after Fomentation. Or, Take Oyl of Pepperwort, or Oleum Costinum, Oyls of Castoreum, and of Euphorbium, of each an ounce: Pouder of Mustard seeds, and of Euphorbium, of each a dram: Vinegar, a spoonful: Wax enough to make an Oyntmet. But this following is prefer∣red as the best of Apoplectick Balsams by Ri∣verius: Take Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, half an ounce: Ambergrise, Musk, Civit, of of each a scruple: Chymical Oyls of Spike, Amber, Cinnamon, Rosemary, Cloves, of each half a scruple: mix them. With this Balsam touch the Palate every Morning; put some of it into the Ears, and some up the Nostrils: and for the same purpose the Chymical Oyl of Nut∣megs used in the same manner is much com∣mended.

51. This Oyl we commend upon our own Experience: Take Oyl of Ben, half an ounce: Chymical Oyls of Oranges, Limons, Cloves, Nutmegs, Rosemary, Lavender, Sassafras; Marjoram, Rhodium and of Amber, of each twelve drops: mix them to anoint with. Or this: Take Oyl of Ben, half an ounce: Chymi∣cal Oyls of Rosemary, Lavender, Nutmegs, and Limons, of each twenty six drops: mix them to anoint with, as before directed, as also the Nape of the Neck, Fore-Head, and Temples, which repeat Morning and Night, for some days.

52. But the things which indeed transcend all all others, not only in power and Virtues, but also in neatness and cleanliness, are the Powers of Medicaments, which momentarily pierce and

penetrate the parts, performing their operations to a wonder: of these the chief are the Powers of Rosemary, Sassafras, Oranges, Limons, Lavender, Sage, sweet Marjoram, Origanum, Angelica, Tansy, Savory, Aniseeds, Carraways, Juniper and Bay-berries, Cloves, Nutmegs, and Am∣ber. Or this Compound: Take Powers of Rosemary, Savin, and Sassafras, of each two oun∣ces: Powers of sweet Marjoram, Lavender, Oranges and Limons, of each an ounce and half: Powers of Nutmegs, of Cloves, and of Juniper, of each an ounce: Powers of Amber and Ani∣seeds, of each half an ounce: mix them, to bath the parts withall Morning, Noon, and Night: if you so please add the Powers of Musk and Ambergrise.

53. After you have for fourteen, twenty, or thirty days bathed the Head and other parts with the aforesaid mixture of Powers to strengthen and confirm the Head and Brain, you may (having first shaved off the Hair) ap∣ply this following Emplaster: Take strained Galbanum, Opopanax, of each an ounce: Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastich, of each half an ounce: Chymical Oyl of Rosemary, and Oyl Olive, of each enough to dissolve the Gums; melt, and add a sufficient quantity of Wax to bring it to the consistence of an Emplaster: which spread upon Leather, and apply over the Crown of the Head, extending it over all the Sutures, even to the Nucha, and renewing it once a week.