Doron medicum, or, A supplement to the new London dispensatory in III books : containing a supplement I. to the materia medica, II. to the internal compound medicaments, III. to the external compound medicaments : compleated with the art of compounding medicines ... / by William Salmon ...

Examples in Compounding Diureticks.

All the matter of all sorts of Solutions and Precipitations depends only upon the affections of Salts. And as the Blood and Humors abound very much in Salt, and are wont to be variously changed by it from one state to another, causing a sickly disposition; so there will be always need of great Discretion and Judgment in the Physician, to ad∣minister such Saline Diureticks, whose Particles may suf∣ficiently differ from those in Our Bodies, whereby Health may be recovered again. The which by what means this may be done, we shall the easilier Judge by running over the Diuretick Salts of every kind.

I. Diureticks whose Basis is an Alcalisate Salt.

It is evident that Alchali∣zate Salts do somtimes move Ʋrine. For in great stoppages of the Water, Pouder of Egg∣shells,

or of Crabs Claws or Eyes, have to some been a present Remedy. The reason of which is this, For that they do not fuse or scatter, nor sen∣sibly praecipitate the Blood. Hence it appears, That these kinds of Salts, are to be given in an Acetous Discrasy of the Blood and Humors; for that they bind up the acid Salts by their Combination, freeing the Blood from Fluxions and Coagulations, that thereby it might be strengthened to re∣tain its superfluous Serum to transfer it by the Emulgent Arteries to the Reins.

166. ℞ Salt of Tartar ℈ss. Crabs Eyes levigated ℈j. mix them.

167. ℞ Gascoin Pouder ʒjss. Salt of Amber, Sal Prunellae, A. ℈ij. Salt of Tartar, Nutmegs, A. ℈j. mix in a fine Pouder. Dose ℈j ad ʒss.

168. ℞ Pearl and Coral laevigated, A. ℈ss ad j. Salt of Tartar ℈ss. mix them.

169. ℞ Egg-shell leviga∣ted ℈j ad ij. Salt of Tartar ℈ss. mix them.

170. ℞ Pouder of Crabs-Claws Compound gr. xij. ad xviij. Salt of Eggshells gr.vj. ad x. Cloves gr.ij. mix them.

171. ℞ Calx of Eggshells ʒss. Gascoin Pouder ℈j. Egg∣shell laevigated ℈ss. Salt of Tartar gr. vj. Nutmegs, Cloves, A. gr. ij. all being in fine Pouder, make them into Pills with Venice Turpentine for a Dose.

172. ℞ Egg-shels laevi∣gated ʒss. Salt of Broom ℈j. make a Bolus with Turpen∣tine.

II. Diureticks whose Basis is a Volatile Salt.

These are commonly used to provoke Ʋrine in a sharp Discrasy of the Blood, for that their Particles being ad∣mitted into the Blood do de∣stroy the Potency of the fluid Salt therein, whereby the Blood recovering a due mix∣ture is freed from Coagulati∣ons, and sucks up again into it self whatsoever of the Serum is gone forth of the Vessels, and delivers the superfluous to the Reins, &c. These have

Particles fierce and elastick, so that in amending the evil disposition of the Blood; they sometimes dispose the super∣fluous Serum to be taken away by Diaphoresis or Sweat, as well as by a Diuresis, or pur∣ging by Ʋrine. To this Clas∣sis belongs the Volatile Salt of Animals and Minerals made by Distillation; as also the integral parts of the living Creatures and Vegetables, as Vipers, Bees, Millepedes, Grass-hoppers, Cantharides, Earthworms, &c. Mustard∣seed, Scurvy-grass, Horse-Radish, Cresses of all sorts, Crow-foot, Onions, Garlick, Leeks, Chervil, Parsley, A∣lexanders, &c.

173. ℞ Roots of Fennel, Partly, Smallage, Chervil, Eringo, Rest harrow, A. ℥j: Onions, Garlick, Leeks, A. ℥jss: leaves of Saxifrage M.j: Stone Crop M.ss: Parsly and Carraway seeds, A. ℥ss: Juniper-berries ℥j: Spring∣water lbiv or v: boyl till al∣most half is consumed: strain, and add Rhenish Wine lbj: choise Honey, or Syrup of Marsh-Mallows, ℥iiss: Dose ℥iv, vj; or viij. twice a day.

174. ℞ Onions, Leeks, Garlick, very thin sliced or bruised, A. ℥iss: Rhenish or White Wine lbij: Infuse 12 or 24 hours, then strain; and give the Sick of the Liquor ℥ii, iii, or iv: three or four times or oftner in a day.

175. ℞ living Millepedes N^o 50, or 60. or more, bruise them: Nutmegs bruised ℈j: Cloves gr.iij: Rhenish Wine, Arsmart water, A. ℥ijss: di∣gest 6 or 12 hours, then strain out, and gives it for a draught.

176. ℞ Onions ℥ij: leaves of Parsly, Chervil, Alexan∣ders, A. M.iij: bruise them all well: assuse White or Rhenish Wine lbjss: digest 6 or 12 hours, then strain, and squeeze forth hard: Dose ℥iii, iv: or more, twice a day.

177. ℞ rectified S. V. lbiij. Pouder of dryed Millepedes, or Bees, or Grass-hoppers, or of Cantharides, ℥j or ℥iss: Dose gut.x, xv, to xx, or xxx. in a fit Vehicle.

178. ℞ Tincture of Salt of Tartar, Tincture of Milli∣pedes, ana gut. xv. mix them,

and give it in a glass of Ca∣nary or Cinnamon water.

179. ℞ living Hoglice lb ii ss: leaves of Cresses, Cher∣vile, Saxifrage, Parsly, Hy∣dropiper, Golden-rod, ana, M. ij: Hors-radish-roots ℥ vi Mustard seed ℥ iv: Onions, Garlick A. ℥ iij: Juniper-berries, wild Carotseed, Roc∣ket seed, A. ℥ ii: Carda∣mums, Nutmegs, A. ℥ j: cut and bruise what are to be cut and bruised, and affuse there∣upon Whey (made of Milk with White wine) lbxii: di∣stil, and let the whole liquor (being distilled together) be mixt together: dose ℥ iv: 2, 3, or 4 times a day.

180. ℞ Bees dryed, Mil∣lepedes dryed A. ℥ j: Lovage seeds ʒ vj: Volatile Salt of Amber ʒ iij: make a subtile Pouder, and mix them toge∣ther: Dose ℈ j ad ʒss: in white or Rhenish wine, or Cinnamon-water.

181. ℞ Juniper-water ℥ iij: Hydropiper water ℥ij: Oni∣on-water, Radish water com∣pound, A. ℥ j: Spirit of Tar∣tar ℈ jv ad ʒ ij ss: mix for two draughts.

182. ℞ Juniper and Oni∣on water A. ℥ ij: Radish-wa∣ter compound, Saxifrage and Camomil water, A. ℥ j: Spi∣rit of Urine or Soot ℈ ij ad ʒ j: mix for 2 draughts.

183. ℞ Volatile Salt of Amber ʒ ij: Sal prunellae ʒ j ss: Salt of Millepedes A. ʒ ss: mix for a pounder: dose ℈ 1 ad gr. xxv. or ʒ ss: in a pro∣per Vehicle.

184. ℞ Volatile Salt of Amber ʒ ij: pouder of dri'd Bees and Millepedes A. ʒ j: mix them. Dose ℈ j ad ʒ ss: in white or Rhenish wine.

185. ℞ Volatile Salt of Amber, flowers of Sal Ar∣moniack, A. ʒ ij: Sal pru∣nellae, pouder of dry'd Bees or Millepedes, A. ʒ j: mix them. Dose ℈ j ad ʒ j ss.

186. ℞ Millepedes pre∣pared, ʒij: flowers of Sal Armoniack, salt of Amber, Nutmegs in pouder A. ʒ ss: Venice Turpentine q. s. mix and make pills for 7, or 10 doses.

187. ℞ Pouder of Mille∣pedes, Burdock seed, A. ʒjss: Salt of Amber, Volatile Sal Armoniack, A. ʒ ss: Salt of Vipers, Oyl of Nutmegs, A. ℈ ss: Balsam Capivi, q.s.

mix and make Pills for 8 or 10 doses, to be taken morn∣ning and Evening.

188. ℞ Volatile Salts of Millepedes, of Vipers, of U∣rine, A. gr. vij ad jx: mix them.

III. Diureticks whose Basis is a fixed Salt, or Lixivial.

These are commonly given to move Ʋrin in such as have Dropsies, chiefly in an Anasarca, and in an Ascites: So a Lixivium made of the Ashes of Wormwood, or Broom or Bean-stalks in Water, or Whitewine, and given causes a plentiful flux of Ʋrine, whereby those diseases are of∣tentimes taken away: but this has not succeeded in all per∣sons, for, in some, we have found upon the taking of these things, an Ascitis to have been increased, the reason we have in another place in part declared: however it is certain, That the Lixivial Sals do not fuse nor praecipitate either Milk or Blood, and therefore they are not by their proper Virtue dinretick, but seem to be influenced in that kind only when they meet with a mighty Acid or Coagu∣lative Salt in the Blood, where by encountring and de∣stroying its Energy, it causes the Blood (fused by the a∣cid, and so made unable to hold its Serum) to suck up the said extravased serosities, and so to recover its due Consistency, by which continually carrying it to the Reins there is made a large Evacuation by Ʋrine.

189. ℞ Vine ashes ℥ vj: white or Rhenish wine lbijss: Nutmegs bruised ʒ ij ss: in∣fuse close & warm 24 hours, then strain: dose ℥ vj: twice or thrice a day.

190. ℞ Rhenish Wine ℥xxjv: Salts of Tartar, of Wormwood, of Pease-straw A. ʒ ss: mix, and sweenten with Syrup of Marsh-mal∣lows ℥ iij, for iiij doses.

191. ℞ White-wine ℥ xxjv: Salt of Broom, Salt of Vine branches, A. ℈ ij: mix.

192. ℞ Spring-water ℥

xxjv: Salt of Broom, Salt of Bean-stalks, A. ℈ij ss: mix and sweeten with Syrup of Althaea, for jv doses.

193. ℞ Infusion of large Thomas Onions sliced ℥ xvj: (made in Water or Wine) Salt of Tartar, Salt of Broom A. ℈ ij: mix, and sweeten as aforesaid for jv doses.

194. ℞ Infusion of Mu∣stard-seed made in White∣wine ℥ vj: Tincture of Salt of Tartar ʒ j ad ʒ j ss: mix for a draught to be taken twice a day.

195. ℞ Water of Quick∣lime ℥ jv ad ℥ vj: Tincture of Salt of Tartar ʒ j ad ʒjss: mix for a dose to be taken twice a day.

196. ℞ Infusion of large Onions slic'd, or of Mustard seed bruised, in white wine ℥xxx, in which quench flints 6, 8, or 10 times, of which drink ℥ vj twice a day.

197. ℞ Rhadish-water compound, water of Hydro∣piper, A. ℥ i ss: Tincture of Salt of Tartar ʒ j ad ʒ j ss: Syrup of Althaea ʒ ij: mix them for a dose.

198. ℞ Salts of Tartar, of Vine-branches, of Worm∣wood, of Broom, of Bean∣stalks, A. ʒ ss: Coral cal∣cin'd white, ʒiss: Salt of Am∣ber, Nutmegs, A. ʒ ss: make all into a pouder: dose ʒ ss ad ℈ jj, in white or Rhenish Wine.

IV. Diureticks whose Basis is an Acid Salt.

Acid Salts fuse the Blood, and praecipitate it into Serosi∣ties, even as sharp or sowr things do Milk, being dropt into it warm: but this happens not alike in every one, nor to every one indifferently. In a healthful habit, or what is near it, the blood is replenish'd with a Salt partly fixed, partly volatile, and partly nitrous: but in some scorbu∣tical and hydropical Persons, it is filled with a Salt chiefly fixed: Inthese Cases Acid diureticks are given with Success: But in other Scorbutical and hydropical persons, as also in Catarrs and Rhumatisms, where the

said Salt of the Blood is only and wholy fixed, and the Vo∣latile totally depressed, they are thought rather to do hurt; in this Case Medicines indued with a Volatile Salt are more proper. Among acid Diureticks, Spirits of Salt, of Niter, of Vitriol, of Sulphur; as also juyces of Ci∣trons, of Limons, of Oranges of Sorrel, White and Rhe∣nish wine, Cider, Cremor Tartari and Tartar Vitriolate are Chief.

199. ℞ Arsmart Water, Water of Radishes Com∣pound, A. ℥iss: Parietary-Water ℥ iij: Oyl of Sulphur gut xvj: salt of Tartar gr.xii: syrup of Vinegar ʒvi: mix them.

200. ℞ Water of hot Ars∣mart, White Wine, A. ℥iiii: Juyce of Sorrel ℥iss: Juyce of Limons ℥ss: mix them for a draught.

201. ℞ spring-water ʒvi: Oyl of Vitriol gut. vj ad x, xij: or more, as the Patient likes it in sowrness; stir it well (because the Oyl is apt to settle) and give it for a draught.

202. ℞ spring Water ℥ vi: Oyl of Sulphur gut. viii ad xii or xvi: Syrup of Clove∣gilliflowers ℥ss: mix them for a draught.

203. ℞ Cinnamon Water ℥iss: Oyl of Sulphur gut. vj or x: mix them well.

204. ℞ Spring-water, Cinnamon-water, A. ℥ii: Oyl of Salt gut. iiii ad vj: mix.

205. ℞ Juyce of Limons ℥ii: Radish-water Com∣pound ℥iss: Syrup of the five opening roots ℥ss: mix, and make a Potion.

206. ℞ Juyce of Limons, of Citrons, and of Sorrel, A. ℥iss: Arsmart water, water of Radishes Compound, A. ℥iv: White Wine ℥vi: Oyl of Sulphur gut.xvi: syrup of Clove-gilliflowers ℥ijss: mix for four Doses.

207. ℞ Cremor Tartari, Sal Prunellae (in fine pouder) A. ʒiss: Pouder of Crabs-Eyes, or Claws ʒi: Salt of Amber ℈i: Tartar Vitriolate ℈ss: mix into a fine Pouder. Dose ʒss ad ℈ii, in a fit Ve∣hicle.

208. ℞ Tartar Vitriola∣ted ʒii: Pouder of Egg shels ʒiss: Cremor Tartari, Dau∣cus-seed, A. ʒss: make a fine Pouder. Dose ʒss ad ℈ii.

209. ℞ spirit of Salt ʒii: Harts-horn burnt and pou∣dred, so much as may drink it up, and make a Pouder: Dose ℈i ad ʒss. in a fit Ve∣hicle.

210. ℞ Oyl of Vitriol or Sulphur ℥ss: Hartshorn cal∣cined, as aforesaid, q.s. mix and make a Pouder, with which mix Nutmegs in Pou∣der ʒiij. Dose ℈i ad ʒss.

V. Diureticks whose Basis is a Nitrous Salt.

Niter is a Salt, which is neither acid, nor fixed, nor vola∣tile, having a kind as it were of Neutral Property, or a middle or a central State between them. So much it has of a Volatile, as being melted and inflamed by Sul∣phur cast in, it will by and by, or in no longer time fly a∣way. So much it has of a fixed, as being melted in a Cru∣cible, that it will suffer a continual Fusion, and perhaps perpetual, without any great loss of Particles. And so much it has of an acid, as being distilled (its spirit being rather flame than vapour) comes acid into the Receiver. Niter is the flame whereby all sublinary Fire is enkindled and sustained, that by which all Plants do grow and flou∣rish, and by which all living Creatures live and breath. It cools the Blood notably, and as strongly moves Ʋrine, yet all its Particles are so far from being cold, that on the contrary nothing can be more igniferous, this is a Parodox whose reason out to be sought out, the which we shall do in some other place, we cannot attend it here. However it is clear, that Niter has Relation both to a fixed and vo∣latile Salt; for it, being put into Milk, will even (as fixed and volatile Salts) keep it from, or take way its Coagulation: in like manner being put into warm Blood, it will preserve it (as well as they) from Coagulation, and

discoloration: from whence we conclude, that the Parti∣cles of Niter being taken inwardly, may keep, or restore the just mixtion of the Blood, for that they hinder its Fusions and Coagulations, by making the flame of the Blood to burn more pure and clear, and freeing it from troublesome, heterogenous sulphurous Fumes, and suffo∣cating Vapours, so that being more loose from its close joyntings; its Serum is the more easily extricated from it, in the emulgent Arteries, and so sent away by the Reins through the Ʋrinary passages.

211. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒss ad ℈ii or ʒi: White Wine ℥viij: Syrup of Pellitory of the Wall ℥iss: mix for a dose: 'tis an admirable thing in a Dropsy, and in all stoppages of Urine.

212. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒss ad ʒi: Spring Water ℥iiii: Syrup of Pellitory ℥i: mix.

213. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒss ad ʒi: Infusions of Onions sliced in White or Rhenish Wine ℥ vj: Syrup of Pellito∣ry of the Wall, or of Marsh-Mallows ℥iss: mix for a Dose.

214. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒss ad ʒi: Salt of Amber ℈ss: White Wine ℥iiii ad ℥vi: Syrup of Pellitory of the Wall ℥i: mix for a Dose.

215. ℞ Sal Prunellae ℈j ad ij: Salt of Amber ℈ss ad j: Saffron gr. v: White or Rhenish Wine q. s. mix for a Dose, and sweeten them well with Syrup of Pellitory of the Wall.

216. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒiii: Salt of Amber ʒii: Salt of Wormwood ʒss: mix them: Dose ʒss: thrice a Day in White or Rhenish Wine, sweetned with Syrup of Pel∣litory.

217. ℞ Sal Prunellae, Crabs Eyes laevigated, Salt of Wormwood, A. ʒij: Mithri∣date ℥i: mix them. Dose ʒi or ℈iiii. thrice a day.

218. ℞ Sal Prunellae, White Sugar, A. ʒi: White Wine ℥jx: mix, and give it at three times, viz. at Morn∣ing, Noon, and Night.

219. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒi: flowers of Sal Armoniack

℈ii: White Wine ℥xij: Sy∣rup of Pellitory of the Wall ℥iii: mix for three Doses to be taken, Morning, Noon and Night.

220. ℞ Sal Prunellae ʒss: Volatile Salt of Hartshorn gr.xv: Infusion of Onions sliced in White or Rhenish Wine ℥vij: Syrup of Pelli∣tory of the Wall ℥ii: mix it for a Dose, to be given in the Morning fasting.

VI. Diureticks whose Basis is sulpherous or spirituous.

Of this kind there are several; some of which are Resinous: as Turpentine, Balsams of Peru, Tolu, Gillead, and Preparations out of them. Some Oleaginous; as Oyls of Juniper-berries, Carraways, of Nutmegs, of Wax, and drops of other Fat things, most of which being taken inwardly, cause the Ʋrine to smell like Violets. Some Spirituous; as Spirit of Wine, spirit of Juniper-berries, Radish Water Compound, with many other hot Waters; yea and strong Wines drank plentifully, which in Hydro∣pick and cold Scorbutick people happily produce a Diure∣sis. The cause is from the Sowrness of the Blood, its want of Spirits, defect of Fermentation, or strength of the acid and coagulative Salt, whereby the Blood is so weakned as not to perform well its Circulation, nor to contain within it self its superfluous Serosities, till it can carry them to the Reins; which defects, all the aforenamed Remedies take away, by heating, and enlivening the Blood, and restoring its weakness by adding spirits thereto, where∣by it is able to keep its whole mixtion intire, so that ari∣ving perfect by the Emulgent Arteries, it lets go its Se∣rum, and so provokes a plentiful and pleasant Diuresis.

221: ℞ S.V. lbviij: large Onions bruises, Garlick brui∣sed, A. lbj: Mustard-seed ℥iiii: mix and distil to dry∣ness.

Dose ℥ij, twice or thrice a day.

222. ℞ S.V. lbiiii: large Oni••••s, Jan••per-berries both 〈…〉〈…〉 A. lbss: Nutmegs 〈…〉〈…〉 bruise them well, mix and ••••til in a Copper Visica to dryness. Dose ℥jss. twice a day.

223. ℞ Millepedes pre∣〈◊〉〈◊〉 ℥ss: Nutmegs ʒi••: 〈…〉〈…〉 of Salt of Tartar, 〈…〉〈…〉 or aetherial spirit of Turpentine, A. ℥vi: distil in B.M. with a gentle fire; so have you a Spirit and Oyl; as also a deliquium of Salt of Tartar: each of which have a notable diuretick power.

224. ℞ Juniper-berries (gently and throughly dryed in an Oven, and reduced into a gross Pouder lbi: S V. rectified, so as it may fire Gun-pouder lbiijss: digest cold three or four days, then distil in B. M. to dryness. Dose ʒij, iij, or iiij: in White, Rhenish Wine or Canary, two or three times a day.

225. ℞ Ivy, Juniper and Bay-berries, fresh gather'd, A. lbss: Wild Carrot seed ℥iv: Nutmegs ℥ij: bruise all, and put them into a glass Retort, upon which assuse S.V. rectified lbiiii: and add∣ing thereto the best Venice Turpentine lbi: let them be distilled in a Sand Furnace with a gentle heat (in my opi∣nion a gentle B. M. would be better,) having a care of an Empyruma; so have you a Spirit and yellow Oyl, both egregiously Diuretick. Dose of the Spirit ʒi ad ii or iii: of the Oyl ℈ss ad ℈i: in a fit Vehicle. Dr. Willis.

226. ℞ the Magma of the former Prescript, upon which assuse Tincture of Salt of Tartar lbi: digest many days in a Glass Vessel close shut in a Sand Furnace, that a red Tincture may be drawn forth. Dose ℈i ad ii, or ʒi: in a convenient Vehicle.

227. ℞ Juniper-berries dryed very gently in an O∣ven, Winter-Cherries per∣fectly dry, both bruised, Mil∣lepedes prepared, A. ℥i: re∣ctifyed S. V. lbv: digest in a cool place for thirty days, shaking the glass 2 or 3 times a day: after let it settle three or four days, and de∣cant the Tincture which keep for use. Dose ʒi ad iii. in a fit Vehicle.

228. ℞ Balsam of Peru or Tolu, Mithridate A. ʒss: mix into a Bolus.

229. ℞ Balsam of Peru ℈ii: Mithridate ʒss: Mille∣pedes prepared in Pouder: mix and make a Bolus.

230. ℞ S.V. rectified lbii: Venice Turpentine, or Bal∣sam of Peru, ℥iii: mix, and extract a strong Tincture. Dose ʒi ad iii: in any fit Ve∣hicle.

231. ℞ spirit of Wine re∣ctified lbii: Venice Turpen∣tine ℥iii: Juniper-berries very gently dried and pou∣dred ℥i: Winter-cherries ℥ss: mix, digest twenty days, and extract a Tincture.

232. ℞ spirit of Wine rectified lbiiss: Juniper-berries poudred, Daucus∣seed beaten, A. ℥ii: Nut∣megs in Pouder ℥i: make a strong Tincture by digestion. Dose ʒi ad ii, or more.

233. ℞ Balsam of Tolu ℈i ad ʒi or ii: Millepedes in Pouder ℈ss: mix them.

234. ℞ Venice Turpen∣tine, Balsam of Peru, A. ℈i: Salts of Millepedes, and of Amber, A. ℈ss: mix.

235. ℞ Venice Turpen∣tine ℈ii: Oyl of Juniper-berries gut. x: Volatile Salt of Harts-horn gr. viii: Sugar ʒii: mix all very well toge∣ther for one Dose.