Ars chirurgica a compendium of the theory and practice of chirurgery in seven books ... shewing the names, causes, signs, differences, prognosticks, and various intentions of curing all kinds of chirurgick diseases ... : to which is added Pharmacopoeia chirurgica, or, The medical store, Latin and English ... / by William Salmon ...

II. OPERATIONS CHIRƲRGICAL.

I. SYNTHESIS.

CHAP. VI. Of FRACTURES.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Compositio, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, quod est, componere. Synthesis or Uniti∣on is that which teaches how to unite parts disjoined, and it is twofold, 1. What regards the hard and bony parts. 2. What regards the soft and fleshy parts.

II. The Unition of Bones, is either the Setting of Broken Bones; or the Reduction of Bones out of Joint: the first is called a Fracture, the other a Dislocation.

III. A Fracture, is the Solution of Ʋnity in the hard or bony Parts of the Body, caused by some exter∣nal Violence upon the Part. Yet sometimes a Fracture may come without any such external force, as when a Bone is corrupted by the Scurvy, Pox, Gout, or Le∣prosie.

IV. The general Causes, are ei∣ther Falls or Blows, and by whatsoever is able to break, bruise, or cut.

V. The Differences. 1. From the manner, some being transverse, which are properly called Fra∣ctures: others according to the length of the Bone, called Fissures: others Comminutions, when the Bone is broken into small parts.

VI. 2. From the Part, it be∣ing sometimes in the Head, Shoulder, Clavicula, Arm, Cu∣bit, Ribs, Thighs, Legs, &c.

VII. 3. From Accidents, as being sometimes accompanied with a Wound, Dislocation, In∣flammation, Gangrene, &c.

VIII. The Signs. If a Bone be transversly or obliquely broken, it may be known by handling it, wherein you will find an inequa∣lity, the Patient being scarce a∣ble to move the part affected, and sometimes that part is short∣er than the other.

IX. If the Thigh, Leg, or Foot be broken, the Patient cannot stand at all (but he may a lit∣tle, tho' with pain, in a Dis∣location,) and this is the surest difference, between a Fracture and a Luxation.

X. A Fissure is discerned by the thickness, pain, and unevenness of the part, which a skilful Chi∣rurgian is only fit to judge of.

XI. A Comminution or Brui∣sing,

wherein the Bones are shattered, is perceived by the Bones being very unequal, and yielding here and there to the Fingers.

XII. The Prognosticks. A trans∣verse Fracture is more easie to Cure than an Oblique, or when accompanied with apparent in∣equalities.

XIII. A Fracture where but one Bone is broken, is easier to Cure than where there are two, or where the Bones are much shat∣tered.

XIV. A Fracture in the midst of a Bone, is also easier to be Cured, than that which happens to the Head, or lower end of the Bone; so also a single Fracture more easie than a Compound.

XV. If it remains undressed be∣yond the seventh Day, there will be danger of Mortification; so also many times, if the Part is too hard bound.

XVI. In Setting of a broken Bone, there is Extention, Con∣joining, Ligature, and well Placing.

XVII. 1. Extention is an O∣peration performed with pain; which being done aright, must be greater or lesser, according to the time of the Fracture, age of the Patient, and magnitude of the Bone. A new Fracture, tender or young Patient, and a small Bone, require a gentler Extenti∣on; an old Fracture, strong Pati∣ent, and a big Bone, a greater.

XVIII. This Extention is to be so done, that the Muscles do not labour; for then it will be with much less pain: The Part must be so laid, as when in Health, they could longest endure it without tiring: But the exact manner of doing this, is better learnt by Practise than by many Words.

XIX. 2. Conjoining the Bones is the next Operation; in doing of which, be cautious lest the Muscles be wrested from their natural Po∣sition and Figure: It is well done, if the Bone be any thing firm, and all the places about the Fracture be found equal.

XX. 3. Ligature is done with a double Rowler: The first is to be thrice rowled about the Fracture, and then upwards: The second (which must be twice as long) is to be once wound about the Fracture, proceeding down∣wards, and then upwards again, a little higher than the first Rowler; to which you may add convenient splints (of Wood or Past-board) round about the Member.

XXI. Let not the bandage be too streight, lest it cause pain, or en∣danger a Gangrene, by robbing the part of its Nourishment: nor too loose, lest the Bones slip out of their Places: This you will find to be well done, if the Patient soon after he is dressed finds his Pain abated, and on or after the third day, the ligatures seem loose, and the place a little below the binding be a little swelled.

XXII. At the second Dressing, it must be bound somewhat closer, and afterwards changed yet but once every four, five, or six days.

XXIII. 4. Well placing is the last of the prescribed Operations, which ought to be softly, evenly, and a little raised; if you lay it too low, the Bone will bend

outwards; if too high, it will bend inwards: This you will find to be well done, if in the second dressing you find all even.

XXIV. Before you rowl the Li∣gature about the Member, bath the Part with S.V. or with Oil S.V. and Vinegar mixt together: Or lay Oxycroceum, Opodeldoch, Ca∣tagmaticum upon it; or lay a Cataplasm of fine Bole, Wheat, Meal, Whites of Eggs, Bole, Frank∣incense, Dragons-blood, and a little Camphir, which let go round the Part, and about three Inches be∣low the Fracture.

XXV. But at any time you may apply this following, ℞ Mastich, Catechu, a. ʒiij. Oliba∣num, Frankincense, a. ʒij. Aloes, sanguis Draconis, fine Bole, Gum Tragacanth, Lapis Haematitis, Talck calcined, a. ʒj. Whites of Eggs and Oil of Roses, a. q.s. make a Plaster.

XXVI. If there is an Inflam∣mation in the Fracture before Ex∣tention, foment it with an Emol∣lient Oil; or lay the part in warm Cow-dung, which will digest and ease pain.

XXVII. If the Fracture is ac∣companied with a Wound, then ex∣tend the Part first, (but gentler than in a simple Fracture) next join the Bones together; then have respect to the Wound, to unite the Lips thereof with Plasters, rather than with the Needle, and to guard it with a defensa∣tive; lastly, bind up the Part with Rowlers, and lay it conve∣niently, or easily.

XXVIII. If it be a Commi∣nution, or shattering of the Bones, joined with the Wound; those which are small and loose remove with the Forceps: Those which are any ways fixed, leave to Nature, for she will throw them out of her own accord, though somewhat later; and if they be not too much displaced, she will sometimes unite them again (by a Callus) to the whole.

XXIX. But to make the mat∣ter the more easie, you may assist Nature with the following things, ℞ Ashes of Earthworms, Bone-ashes, a. ʒiv. Olibanum ʒij. Myrrh ʒi. Honey ℥ij. mix, and make an Ointment. Or this, ℞ Pouder of Comfrey roots, round Birthwort, a. ℥ss. Olibanum, Ma∣stich, a. ʒiij. Euphorbium ʒijss. Aloes, Myrrh, Catechu, a. ʒjss. Wax, Turpentine, a. q.s. which with a little Oil of Ben, make into an Ointment.

XXX. If the Bone it self be naked, cover it with its own Skin and Muscles, and defend it from the Air as much as is possible.

XXXI. If it be naked and start∣ed out, endeavour to reduce it a∣gain into its place; but if be na∣ked, and too far, take away the piece or pieces thus started out with a proper Saw, or a pair of Nippers.

XXXII. These four Manual Operations being this well perform∣ed, you must now come to act the Part of a Physician, prescribing to the Patient a good Diet, and some proper Purge, according to the Quality of the Humour a∣bounding.

XXXIII. In Fractures of the lower Parts, Purging is not so convenient; but if the Patient is Costive, a Suppository may be exhibited.

XXXIV. But in Fractures of the upper Parts, Purgings and Cly∣sters may be often necessary, ac∣cording to the following Dire∣ctions, and which you are to observe in all other Accidents and Cases, wherein the skilful Artist sees need of Purging.

XXXV. These among Simples are said to Purge Choler, Rhu∣barb, Cassia, yellow Myrobalans, Tamarinds, Manna, Scammony. Among Compounds, Syrup of Suc∣cory with Rhubarb, washed A∣loes, Angelick Pills of Grulingius, Diacatholicon, Hiera Picra, Le∣nitivum, Pilulae de Aloe Rosata, Rudii, Ruffi, &c.

XXXVI. Among singular Compounds we have these; ℞ Lenitive Elect. Cassia extracted a. ʒij. Cremor Tartari ʒj. Spirit of Sulphur gut. x. ad xx. black Cherry-water q.s. mix, and make a Potion.

XXXVII. Or this, ℞ Rhubarb, Sena a. ʒij. Cremor Tartari ʒi. Aniseeds ʒss. Water q.s. mix and Infuse scalding hot for two hours, and at last give it a walm or two; strain out and give it.

XXXVIII. Our Family Pills are inferiour to no other for this purpose; but if the Sick is in great pain, and wants rest, you may give this: ℞ Angelick Pills of Grulingius à gr. xv. ad ℈i. of our Volatil Laudanum gr. ij. iij. or iv. mix for a Dose. Give it over Night, it will give pleasant Rest, and a Stool, two, or three the next day.

XXXIX. A Purging Pouder may be thus made: ℞ Resinous, Scammony a gr. vi. ad x. or xij. Sal Prunellae, Cream of Tartar An∣timony diaphoretick a. gr.xij. Tar∣tar vitriolated gr. vi. mix for a Dose.

XL. These following Purge Flegm and Watery Humours: Roots of Asarum, Mechoacan white and black, Colocynthis, Myrobalans Belliric, Emblic and Chebuls, Agarick, Turbeth. Among Com∣pounds these, Syrup of Diacar∣thamum, Electuary of Hiera with Agarick, Diaphoenicon, Diacar∣thamum, Confectio Hamech, Pilulae Cochiae minoris, ex duo∣bus; our Family Pills, our Pan∣chymagogue Pills, Troches of Agarick, of Alhandal.

XLI. Among singular Com∣pounds we have these: ℞ blew Flower-de-luce Roots, Troches of Agarick, Sena a. ʒi. Aniseeds ℈ij. Mechoacan ʒss. Water, or Parsly-water q.s. Infuse three hours, boil a little, strain, and sweeten with Syrup of Roses solutive, or with Manna ℥i, and then give it for a Dose.

XLII. Or this: ℞ Syrup of Roses solutive ℥i. Pouder of Jallap ℈i. Cream of Tartar ℈ij. Scam∣mony gr. vi. Decoction of Aniseeds q.s. mix, and make a Potion.

XLIII. Or you may give Our Family Pills from ℈i. ad ij. Or this, ℞ Scammony in fine Pouder à gr. x. ad xvi. plus minus; of our Volatil Laudanum à gr. ij. ad iv. or vi. mix, and make Pills: Give it over Night, it will make the Patient easie, and not work, or but rarely, till the next Day.

XLIV. Or thus; ℞ Pilulae ex duobus ʒss. of our Laudanum Vo∣latile gr. ij. ad vi. mix for a Dose. Or, ℞ Scammony gr. viij. Tro∣ches Alhandal gr. ij. ad iv. of

our Laudanum Volatile gr. ij. ad vi. mix, and with the Pap of a reast∣ed Apple make a Dose to be given over-night.

XLV. These among simple Me∣dicaments are said to Purge Me∣lancholy; Sena, Roots of black Hellebor, Indian Myrobalans, Lapis Lazuli. Among Compounds, Syrup of Roses solutive with Sena, Diacatholicon, Confectio Hamech, Pulvis Diasena, Tro∣ches Alhandal.

XLVI. Among singular Com∣pounds we have these. ℞ Sena ʒij. Indian Myrobalans ʒi. Ani∣seeds ℈ij. Liquorice bruised ʒss. Water q.s. Infuse two hours, then boil a little, strain out, and add Syrup of Roses with Sena ʒvi. Tartar vitriolate gr. x. mix for a Potion.

XLVII. Or this, ℞ Syrup of Sena ℥i. Scammony, Jallap, a. gr. x. Cremor Tartari ℈ij. Deco∣ction of Aniseeds ℥iv. mix and make a Potion.

XLVIII. Or you may Purge with our Family Pills à ℈i. ad ij. Or you may give this, ℞ Sena in Pouder ʒi. ad ʒiss. Ginger gr. xij. Sal Gem gr. vi. Laudanum vola∣tile gr. ij. ad vi. mix, and with Honey, or pap of an Apple, make Pills, to be given over Night, which will work kindly the next Day.

XLIX. Or thus; ℞ Sena in Pouder ʒss. Scammony gr. vi. Co∣locynthis gr. iij. Aniseeds, Ginger a. gr. viij. Sal Gem gr. iv. Vola∣til Laudanum gr. ij. ad vi. mix and with Honey make a Dose of Pills, to be given over night, if the Patient be in much Pain.

L. Lastly, this is to be noted, that in all these Prescriptions, the Dose is to be proportioned according to the Age and Strength of the Patient; the Quantities here in these Recipes prescribed, being for Men, and such as are grown to their full Strength.

CHAP. VII. Of DISLOCATIONS.

I. A Dislocation is the forcing of a Bone out of its Place or Cavity, or natural location, into another hindring voluntary Mo∣tion.

II. The Causes. They may be said to be two-fold, 1. External, from Falling, Beating, Running, Wrestling, vehement Extention and over-straining, as it often happens in flinging of Stones, Leaping; and to Women in La∣bour, through the unskilfulness of Midwives, &c.

III. 2. Internal, by the Afflux of Humours, which falling upon the Joints, relax, and resolve the Ligaments, thereby causing the Bones to slip, or fall out of their places.

IV. The Differences, 1. From the manner; for sometimes the Bone is altogether forced out of its place, and that is properly called a Luxation or Dislocation: Sometimes its out but a little, or half way, and that is called Subluxation, or Elongation.

V. 2. From the Cause, some are from external Accidents, as Falls, Wrestlings, &c. some are from internal Causes, as the Afflux of Humors.

VI. The Signs. If the Disloca∣tion be in a lean Body, it is plain enough. The Bone causes a Tu∣mor to be in the place to which it is forced; and a Cavity in that from whence it is forced.

VII. If there is a perfect or compleat Dislocation, the Member will be drawn up as it were, and shorter, unless it be caused from the Laxity of the Ligaments, and then it will be longer; the part is painful, chiefly in motion.

VIII. In a Subluxation or Elon∣gation, the Accidents are lesser, and not often all together.

IX. The Prognosticks. In Chil∣dren and other delicate and tender Bodies, the Bones may be reduced the more easily; but are kept in with more trouble and difficulty, & è contra, in full grown and strong persons.

X. If the Dislocation be of the Head, it is mortal; that of the Vertebrae is dangerous; and that which is inveterate, or of long standing, is hard to be cured.

XI. If it proceeds from an in∣ward cause, the Cure is very slow; and when restored, it is apt to come to its old state again.

XII. The Cure. In Dislocations or Bones out of Joint, you make the reduction, by those four manual Operations used in Fractures, which you must perform either by Hand or Instrument, as the na∣ture of the part affected will de∣clare to you.

XIII. Extention must be made so great, that there may be a Ca∣vity between the Bones disjointed; to the end that in Setting, the one may not rub against the o∣ther, whence oftentimes arises extream, and sometimes incura∣ble Accidents.

XIV. In the Conjoining, you must be careful not to wrest the Bones or Muscles, but that they may keep their natural Fi∣gure.

XV. Before binding up, be sure to preserve the part from Inflam∣mation, and Flux of Humours, by applying Emplasirum Metroprop∣to icon, Gummosum Paracelsi, or ad Herniam Schroderi.

XVI. Or this which is excel∣lent: ℞ Olibanum, Mastich, Frankincense, Dragons blood, Ca∣techu, Terra sigillata a. ʒvi. white Starch ℥i. Comfrey roots ℥ss. Goats suet ℥iv. Wax q.s. mix and make a Plaster.

XVII. Or thus; ℞ Ceruse, Wax, Frankincense a. ℥iv. Oliba∣num, Mastich a. ℥i. Turpentine ℥ij. Oil of Ben ℥iij. mix and melt, and add to them Comfrey roots in Pouder, Catechu, white Starch, Terra sigillata a. ℥iij. Tragacanth ℥i. mix and make a Plaster.

XVIII. If the vehemency of the pain, or other Symptoms, do not require it, you are not to unbind it before the fifth, sixth, or seventh day; and then it is to be done

with as little trouble or motion, as possibly may be.

XIX. And the part is to be laid in such an even and easie posture, as the Patient can find most repose in, which is mostly that, when sound, it can remain longest in without trouble.

XX. If the Dislocation is ac∣companied with Inflammation at first, beware of extending the Part, or making any progress to the re∣duction, before that be removed, which you must first do with Emollients, as Balsamum Vulne∣rarum Samaritanum, Ʋng. de Althaea Compositum, or Laurinum Vulgare, and then with Discu∣tients, as Emplastrum de Minio Simplex, de Mastiche, or de La∣pide Calaminare.

XXI. An Emollient Oint∣ment: ℞ Veal fat ʒvi. Sperma Ceti ʒiij. Oil of Ben q.s. mix and make a Liniment, adding Oil of Fennel-seeds gut. xxx. A Dis∣cutient Emplaster: ℞ Frank∣incense, Rosin, Gum Elemi, Ma∣stich, Pitch a. ℥i. Galbanum, Am∣moniacum a. ʒvi. Cummin and Fennel seeds a. ℥i. Wax, Oil a. q.s. mix and make an Emplaster.

CHAP. VIII. Of RUPTURES.

I. RƲptures are of several kinds, of which some be Proper, some Common, others Remote.

II. Proper Ruptures are three∣fold, viz. 1. Hernia Intestinalis seu Enterocele, a falling down of the Bowels into the Cod. 2. Hernia Inguinalis, seu Bubonocele, a Rupture or falling down into the Groin. 3. Hernia Omentalis, seu Epiplocele, a falling down of the Cawl, called also Hernia Epi∣ploica.

III. Common Ruptures are six∣fold, 1. Hernia Aquosa, seu Hy∣drocele, when Water falls down into the Cod: 2. Hernia Ven∣tosa, seu Pneumatocele, or the Wind-Rupture: 3. Hernia Car∣nosa, seu Sarcocele, a fleshy Rup∣ture: 4. Hernia Varicosa, seu Cir∣cocele, a dilatation of the Veins which nourish the Testicles: 5. Hernia Humoralis, seu Hygrotocele, a repletion of the Testicles by a defluxion of unnatural Humors falling on the Cods: 6. Hernia Vasis deferentis, seu Spermatocele, which is when the Vas deferens falls twisted into the Scrotum.

IV. The Remote are chiefly two, 1. Hernia Gutturis, seu Broncho∣chele, a Swelling in the Throat: 2. Hernia Ʋmbilicalis, Exom∣phalos, seu Omphalocele, a Rup∣ture of the Navel.

V. Now of all these there are but four, which are the proper Sub∣jects of this Chapter, viz. the three Proper, and the last, viz. the Hernia Ʋmbilicalis: The o∣ther Eight belong to another

place; where we intend to de∣scribe and treat of them.

VI. We shall begin with the Synthesis, or Re-unition of the broken Peritonaeum, which some∣times gives way to the Intestines, sometimes to the Cawl, and often to both, letting them fall out of their natural places into the Groins or Cods; where if the Guts come out, it is called En∣terocele. or Hernia Intestinalis, as abovesaid: But if the Cawl be out, it is called Epiplocele, or Hernia Omentalis.

VII. The Causes of a Rupture are either Proximate or Remote. The Proximate is the stretching, enlarging, or bursting of the Peri∣tonaeum, which is made up of two strong, yet soft Membranes, which so hold in, all that is included in the Abdomen, or Belly, that no∣thing may fall out: In Women it terminates as it were at the Os Pubis: In Men, its outermost Membrane reaches farther, and constitutes the first proper Coat of the Testicles; and in the Groins, it comprehends the Se∣minal Vessels as in a sheath, called Processus seu Productio Pe∣retonaei. The Groins then, and this Process, are the usual places of Ruptures; but a Rupture may happen (though seldom) above the Navel, also beneath it, and on either side of it; which Barbett says he has often seen, and which some Chirurgians mistaking, have dressed like an Abscess, as not thinking them to be the places of a Rupture.

VIII. The Remote or External Causes of a Rupture of the Peri∣tonaeum, are Falling, Leaping, Wrestling, Blows, violent Strain∣ing, carrying heavy Burthens, vehement Coughing or Vomi∣ting, straining at Stool, and Wind pent up that it cannot get out, with other vehement Mo∣tions of the Body.

IX. Most commonly it is the Ileon which falls down, yet some∣times the other Guts fall with it, and press into the Scrotum; in this case, it cannot be a simple distention of the abovesaid Pro∣cess; but certainly, in all such great Ruptures it must be bro∣ken.

X. The Signs. A Rupture is known by the Tumor being some∣times bigger, sometimes lesser, sometimes wholly gone, but easily returning upon the least Motion.

XI. And though the Intestines or Cawl, be never so much fallen down, they may easily, without any pain, be thrust in again, un∣less Wind or Excrements hinder, in which case it is very pain∣ful.

XII. If it proceeds from Wind, it is known by hardness of the Belly, and breaking Wind upwards, and downwards, and the swelling, weight, and hardness gradually increase.

XIII. If the Peritonaeum be only stretched and relaxed, the Tumor or Swelling is but little at first, and grows bigger by de∣grees; but if it be broken, it suddenly descends.

XIV. The Prognosticks. Rup∣tures happening in Infants and little Children, are easily cured, and Nature many times does the work alone. But in middle aged, or old People, it is slowly

cured, and many times not at all.

XV. If the Bowels be filled with Wind or Excrements, so that there is vehement Pain, and no Reduction can be hoped for, or that it cannot suddenly be removed, Inflammation and Gangrene is to be feared, and at last Death it self.

XVI. The Cure. In this Case you must lay the Patient upon his Back, with his Legs elevated, and a little opened, by which the Cawl of the Intestines may return of its own accord, or o∣therwise be prest up gently with your Fingers.

XVII. But if through hardned Excrements or Wind, you cannot do this, you must first exhibit Enema ad Iliacam Passionem Myn∣sichti (See Our Pharmac. Lond. lib. 5. cap. 8. sect. 5.) once or twice, giving mean season Dia∣cassia with Manna ℥iss. or ℥ij. Bath the Bowels for half an hour with Oil of Roses, applying over the Bowels and Tumor Cataplas∣ma Resolutivum Foresti (Pharm. Lond. lib. 5. cap. 7. sect. 11.)

XVIII. If Wind seems to afflict, anoint with this Oint∣ment against Flatulency: ℞ Oil of Ben ℥iij. Veal suet ℥i. distilled Oil of Juniper ʒvi. mix them. Or this, ℞ Oil of Nutmegs by ex∣pression, Oil of Mace a. ℥i. Oil of Fennel ℥ss. mix them. And in∣wardly give the Powers of Anise, Carraways, Fennel, or Juniper-berries, in whatsoever they drink.

XIX. After anointing with the former Ointment or Oil, you may apply the Cummin Plaister, or this following: ℞ Sticticum Pa∣racelsi, Tacamahacca, Galbanum, Ammoniacum a. ℥i. melt and mix; to which add Chymical Oil of Fen∣nel seed ℥ss. and make an Empla∣ster.

XX. This done, after some 12 hours, attempt the reducing of it: which being performed, with convenient Bands or Trusses, keep the Bowels so long up, till the broken Peritonaeum be firm∣ly knit together, or conjoined to the Muscles of the Belly, that nothing may fall out any more.

XXI. For this purpose you must apply over the Rupture Empl. ad Herniam, or Catagmaticum, first or second, or ad Herniam Schro∣deri, or ad Herniam Nostrum, re∣moving and applying a new Pla∣ster once a week, or when it ceases sticking.

XXII. Inwardly let the Patient take Blood of Comfrey, Morning, Noon and Night, in a glass of good Alicant, or Balsam of Sal Gem, Pouder of Parsly-seeds, shell, or black field Snails, or Rupture-wort.

XXIII. To this purpose also, a continual Diet of Gelly of Ho s, Calves, or Neats Feet, made strong, sweetned with Sugar, and aroma∣tized with Cinnamon, is inferior to no one thing yet known.

XXIV. Let the Sick eat Bread well baked with Anise, Fennel or Caraway-seeds; his Food light, meat roasted; and let his drink be Alicant, Rod-wine, Tent, or some such astringent Liquor; let his Diet be slender and spa∣ring, keep his Bed during the Cure, and if it be an old Rup∣ture, lie on his back for the space of forty days.

XXV. If his Belly should be bound, give him new damask Prunes raw, taking once a week the Angelick Pills of Grulingius. After forty days are past, let the Patient rise, yet continuing his Plaster and Truss, for at least sixty days longer.

XXVI. This Emplaster is much commended: ℞ Catechu, fine Bole, Myrrh, Mastich, Olibanum, Galls, pouder of Comfrey Roots, a. ℥i. Dragons-blood, Aloes, pouder of Earthworms, Sarcocol, Mum∣my, a. ℥iss. Loadstone, Crocus Martis, Rosin, a. ℥ij. Pitch ℥iv. Frankincense ℥viij. Turpentine q.s. make an Emplaster.

XXVII. Barbett commends this Apozem to be taken ℥v. at a time, and two or three times a day. ℞ Osmund Royal, Rup∣ture-wort a. M. i. Roots of Com∣frey, Bistort a. ℥iss. Flowers of Hypericon M.i. Aniseeds ʒij. Red Wine q.s. boil to a pint and half, then strain, and add Ferne∣lius his Syrup of Comfrey ℥ij. mix and make an Apozem.

XXVIII. He also commends these Pills: ℞ Galbanum dissol∣ved in Vinegar. ʒij Mummy ʒi. pouder of Earthworms ℈ij. Myrrh, filings of Steel, dried. Hares-dung a. ʒss. make them into Pills a∣bout the bigness of great Pease.

XXIX. This Cure in old Rup∣tures and aged People is seldom or never performed, because the edges of the burst Peritonaeum are ma∣ny times Callous, that though they be never so well brought close to one another, yet they will never grow together; in this Case Bands will do the best.

XXX. But in young Children they easily grow together, and here Trusses are better than the best Bands. Those made with Steel Springs are best; which if they be well fitted to the Patients Body, are of good use.

XXXI. If by a Wound the Intestines come out, reduce them before the natural heat is ex∣hausted, if you intend to pre∣serve Life: If the Bowels them∣selves be wounded, stitch the Lips together with a waxed thread, and gently return them into the Body.

XXXII. So also the Omentum being slipt out, unless it has lost its natural Colour and Heat; in which case, tie it in the place which is sound, cutting off the part which is putrid, then re∣duce it into the Belly, leaving the thread hauging out of the Wound, that being suppurated, it may be drawn out without trouble.

XXXIII. This being done, stitch together the Wound and Perito∣naeum, thus; Thrust a needle with a waxed thread, from with∣out, through the Skin and Mus∣cles, into the very Peritonaeum, leaving it on this side untoucht, but laying hold on the other side: and pierce it through, the Muscles and Skin also; draw the Lips together; and passing over the space of an Inch, put in the Needle on the same side again, on which it was drawn out last, leaving again the Peri∣tonaeum, on the same side un∣toucht; but holding it on the other side, thrust it through the Skin and Muscles, and so on∣wards.

XXXIV. Now, by reason of the motion of the Belly, and haste here used, the stitches may easily be un∣done; for which cause sake, you must always apply over the wound a sticking Emplaster.

XXXV. Exomphalos seu Her∣nia Umbilicalis, a Rupture of the Navel: It may be, 1. From Blood, Aneurisma; 2. From Flesh, which is hard; 3. From the Caul, where the Tumor is soft; 4. From the Guts, which is unequal.

XXXVI. The two first admit no Cure: the latter two must be reduced, by laying the Patient backwards, and proceeding as at Sect. 16. aforegoing.

XXXVII. But it is to be ob∣served, that the Peritonaeum sel∣dom breaks in this part; for the learned Barbett divers times found, and shewed in Dissected Bodies, that the Navel, toge∣ther with the Intestine follow∣ing, stood out bigger than a Mans Head; insomuch, that the right Muscles of the Belly were pressed to the side, and se∣vered from one another; and yet the Peritonaeum was but stretched, and no where broken.

XXXVIII. Dr. Thomas Gard∣ner, chief Chirurgian to the Kings Houshold, healed a famous Exom∣phalos, of so great a Magnitude, that it is almost incredible; It was done upon one Mr. Stiles, at the Lock and Key in Smithfield: It mortified, and broke of its own accord outwardly, out of which a Worm peept, which he taking hold of, pull'd out about 38 Feet in length, which then breaking off, was alive, and craw∣led upon the ground; (Mr. Horse∣nail a Chirurgian being also pre∣sent:) his Food and Excrements coming forth of the Wound, for some Weeks. That Excellent Ar∣tist, Dr. Gardner, heal'd it up, and he walkt several times after it, to Ha••nstead on foot; after which giving him a Specifick Medica∣ment against Worms, viz. a strong Infusion of Garlick, he voided a∣bout 20 Yards, or 60 Feet more of the same Worm dead, (which kind are called Lati) and so be∣came well beyond all expectation.

XXXIX. After the Exom∣phalos is reduced, you are here to observe, that upon the Emplaster, which ought to be round, you must put Bolsters of Leather or Wax, or some other hard thing, accord∣ing to the bigness of the Rup∣ture; for so by this means it will with good Bandage or a Truss, be sufficiently and perfectly kept in.

CHAP. IX. STRUTTING out of the EYE.

I. IT is said to strut out when it comes forth beyond its C•…•…it, so as the lid cannot cover it, or not well cover it.

II. It is known by Sight: The Causes are mostly inward, as In∣flammation,

Blows, hard La∣bour, Straining vehemently, Strangling.

III. The Cure. Let it be gent∣ly put into its place (otherwise, if it cannot be reduced, it is to be removed:) and being reduced, let it be kept in its place by a fit Bandage; a Bolster being also applied, dipt in our Aqua Ophthalmica, described in our Pharm. Lond. Lib. 5. Cap. 1. Sect. 14.

IV. Or you may dip it in our Aqua Regulata, described in our Phylaxa, Lib. 1. Cap. 1. Others advise to dip it in a Decoction of Sloes; or in this: ℞ Pomgra∣nate Peels and Flowers, Nut-galls, Sumach Berries a. ℥i. red Wine q.s. boil and make a Decoction.

V. The Bolster you may make of red Rose-leaves, Rosemary-flowers and Camomil-flowers; which be∣ing put into a Bag, may be moistned with any of the afore∣named things.

VI. Apply to the Forehead a Defensative; for which purpose you may use Mynsichts Cataplasm of a Swallows Nest: Afterwards apply to the Forehead and Tem∣ples Emplastrum Cephalicum.

VII. An Eye hanging out of its Orbit the breadth of a Finger, was put into its place, and cured with the following Cataplasm, without offence to the Sight. ℞ leaves of Mallows, Marsh∣mallows, Rue, Housleek a. M. i. whites of Eggs N^o iv. Meals or Flower of Barly, Beans, and Lin∣seed a. ℥ss. Camphir, Saffron a. ʒss. Oil of Roses ʒiss. Breast-milk ℥ij. Rose-water q.s. mix and make a Cataplasm, by only mixing, with∣out boiling; and apply it warm.

VIII. At opening of it, drop into the Eye our aforemention∣ed Aqua Regulata; or put in this Ointment: ℞ fine Aloes, Camphir, long and round Birth∣wort-roots a. ʒi. red Coral, Pearl prepared a. ʒiss. Sief Album ʒij. Crocus Martis, levigated Calx of Flints a. ʒiij. Glass of Antimony ℈i. white Sugar-candy ℥ij. clari∣fied Honey ℥iv. boil a little, and make an Ʋnguent.

CHAP. X. FALLING out of the WOMB.

I. PRolapsus seu procidentia Ʋ∣teri, is next to be consi∣dered: But the Womb does not easily fall down by Relaxation, much less by Laceration of its broad Ligaments, as most Au∣thors imagin.

II. But by hard Labour, or a violent and unskilful bringing a∣way of the Afterbirth; it has been of ten seen, that the bottom of the Womb has been plainly in∣verted, so as the most inward Parts have shewed themselves outwards.

III. Or rather, the wrinkled part of the Sheath, whose inner∣most wrinkled Tunicle, by Re∣laxation, may fall down, which is often taken for the Womb it self.

IV. The Causes. They are, 1. External, from the Rash laying hold of it by the Midwife, mi∣staking it either for the Child or the Afterbirth, and so draw∣ing it strongly, causes it to re∣cede from its proper place.

V. 2. Internal, by the vehe∣mency of the Pangs, or the Childs Head being bigger than ordinary, displacing it; which happens in diseased Bodies, and where there is much weakness, and a great Flux of moist, watery, slippery and slimy Humours, flowing to it; whereby it is made to sink more and more, till at length by its bigness, it comes forth of the Body.

VI. It is known by sight, and feeling of the Part, with the Hand of the Midwife, or the Patients own hand.

VII. The Prognosticks. In the beginning some think it to be easily cured, by Astringents used for a Month, the part being put up for a Month: But this is very rare to be seen; for though ta∣ken in the beginning, the Cure is very difficult to be perform∣ed.

VIII. If it is great, and the Protrusion far out, and of long con∣tinuance, it can never be cured; but being replaced, it may be kept up with a Pessary.

IX. If it cannot be put up, by reason of its bigness, but shall chance to Gangrene, it is to be cut off; which you may do thus: Draw out the hanging part, so far as to tie it with a Tape, or Silk string, to hinder bleeding; which done, cut it off at once with a Knife, which will be with little effusion of Blood: Then it is to be healed with such things as digest, cleanse, and resist Pu∣trifaction.

X. That this thus cut off, is not the Womb, appears from these Words of Barbett. We have found (says he) especially in those who were subject to Costiveness or Belly-ach, that the Membranes of the Pu∣denda, or Vagina, were so far stretched out, that the Ʋnskilful had taken it for the Womb it self, and do so still. But though many Authors have dared to write, that the Womb may be cut off, without danger of Life, seems altogether Impossible to a Skilful Anatomist.

XI. To reduce it, lay the Pa∣tient on her Back, her Knees high, and Legs asunder, and so, if pos∣sible, put it up gently with your Hand; if it be tumified or in∣flamed, so as it will not go up, follow our Directions for a Rup∣ture, Sect. 16. Ch. 8. aforegoing. Then reduce it; putting up a Pessary, that may in bigness and proportion answer the end.

XII. Make it with Cork, which cover, with Wax, mixed with a little Castoreum and Assafoetida: Let it not be too thick, but perforated long ways for the Humour to pass through: This continue there, and let it be kept with a fitting Bandage, ap∣plying over the Belly Empla∣strum ad Herniam, Catagmaticum, or that of Schroder.

XIII. Let the Patient be still for ten or twelve days, with her Legs a cross, forbear loud speaking, and as much as may be Coughing or Sneering, or whatever may occa∣sion violent Expulsion. Inward∣ly observe the Method in Rup∣tures, except in the time of the Courses.

XIV. Barbett, after he has advised the Patient to be laid on her Back, as before directed, or∣ders to take a Wax Candle of a competent thickness, and to mix therewith some Castoreum, or Assaf••etida, and with it gent∣ly to press the Womb inwards; and having fastned the Candle with a Bandage, to apply out∣wardly to the Belly Emplastrum Barbarum, or this following: ℞ Roots of Cypress, Bistort a. ʒi. Galls, Acacia a. ʒss. Cypress-nuts, D••te-stones, Myrtle-berries a. ʒi. Pitch, Colophony a. q.s. mix and make a Plaster.

XV. Great care is also to be taken, that your Wax-Candle be not too thick: lest by its conti∣nual Friction it should cause the Whites, and so weaken the Body.

XVI. Others advise (after it is put up with the Hand) to sup∣port it with a Ball of the bigness of a Ducks Egg, or bigger, dipt twice or thrice into some streng∣thening Emplaster, in which there may be a hole to discharge the Menses; through which may also be put a Copper Wire, with a string fastned to it, to draw it the more easily out of the Body.

XVII. But that which exceeds all these things, almost a thousand fold, is a Ring which may be made of Silver, Pewter, or Wood, as of Box, Cocus or Elder-wood, from an Inch and half to two Inches and a quarter in Diameter, from out∣side to outside; and the turned Substance of the Limb of the Ring, ought to be as thick as the round part of the largest Swans Quill, or rather thicker.

XVIII. This Ring thus made, may be smeared with some proper Emplaster, and so put up: It is without trouble; nor will it fret or gall the Part, or obstruct the Act of Generation, and withal may easily be taken forth when the Patient pleases. See the Third Edition of Our Sy∣nopsis Medicinae, Lib. 5. Cap. 72. throughout.

XIX. This (though the Cure is never performed) so absolutely serves the Patient, that she goes up and down, and performs all her other Duties, and lives as much at Ease, as if she ailed no∣thing at all, and answers all the Ends and Intentions of any pre∣scribed Medicine whatsoever: So that now, it would be labour lost to use them.

CHAP. XI. FALLING out of the FUNDAMENT.

I. PRolapsus seu Procidentia Ani, is known by Sight, and it proceeds from the Loose∣ness, or Relaxation of the Sphin∣cter Muscle.

II. The Cause. It is from Cold, or Weakness of the Tone of the Part, too much straining, &c. usual in Tenesmus, Dysenteries, Diarrhaeas, &c. As also from Blows, Leap∣ing, and Ulcers in or near the Part; and is common to Chil∣dren.

III. Prognosticks. It is not of difficult Cure if it be recent, or in one young, and of a good Habit of Body.

IV. But if it be of long stand∣ing, accompanied with a perpetual Costiveness, or a constant Diar∣rhaea, and in aged People, of a cold and moist Constitution, it will be of Difficult Cure, and sometimes not to be done at all.

V. The Cure. The Gut being fallen down, anoint it with Oil of Roses and Myrtles, mixing a lit∣tle Pouder of Sumach, Galls, or Catechu with it; and then with your Fingers, and a small Linnen Rag, put it up.

VI. If there be Pain, Tumour, and Inflammation, which may hinder the reducing of it, then bath or anoint the Anus with this mixture. ℞ Oil of bitter Almonds ℥ss. Oil of Mace by ex∣pression, ʒij. Oil of Amber ʒj. mix. them. Or with this; ℞ Oil of Ben ℥i. Oil of Nutmegs by expres∣sion ℥ss. Oil of Rue Chymical, or of Aniseeds ʒiss. mix them.

VII. Being well anointed, strew over it astringent Crocus Martis, or Catechu in fine Pouder, and then endeavour its Reduction. If all these things will not do, you must foment it an hour or longer with red Wine, by the help of Spunges, applying them as hot as the Patient can well endure.

VIII. But you must take great care that the Part takes no cold, lest Putrefaction or a Gangrene ensue, with which you may be surprized sooner than you are aware of; for which cause you must do your utmost to put it up again with all imaginable speed; endeavouring in the mean time, with the former Prescribed Medicines, by Bath∣ing, Fomenting, and Anoint∣ing, to preserve its Natural Heat.

IX. Being put up, wipe the Part very clean, and apply a Spunge dipt in this following Liquor: ℞ Red Wine ℥viij. A∣lum ℥ss. Tincture of Catechu ℥ij. mix, and dip the Spunge therein, being warm, and apply it as hot as may be endured.

X. And bind it on with a Swathe, which put about the mid∣dle, and from the same let fit Ligatures come between the Legs, and fastned well to the Swathe, both before and behind.

II. DIAERESIS.

CHAP. XII. The OPENING of a VEIN.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (à 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, di∣vido) Diaeresis, a divi∣ding asunder, is the second part of the Operations of Chirurgery, and shews the separation of Parts, whether naturally or unnaturally joined, by Manual Operation.

II. It teaches the opening of Veins and Arteries, the Wind-pipe, Brest, Belly, closed Orisices, Ustion, making of Issues, applying the Seton, Scarification, opening of Abscesses or Apostems, dividing of Bones by Perforation, Exci∣sion, Scraping, Filing, or Saw∣ing, together with the Applica∣tion of Cupping-Glastes, for the drawing forth of Blood out of the fleshy Parts, &c.

III. The Way and Manner of opening a Vein. Make a Ligature about the Arm, about 2 Inches above the place you intend to cut, of a Womans Fillet, or the like, so as it may be easily loosed, if need be; then put a thick Staff into the Patients hand to gripe fast, and with your hand, chafe well the Vein, that it may rise full. If it lies deep and small, foment it with warm wa∣ter, rubbing it hard with a Lin∣nen Cloath, till it sufficiently appear; make the Orifice large, not deep: If it be too small, it will soon puff up with Wind. Strike the Vein (not just along, nor quite over-thwart, but) slanting. If it be not deep e∣nough at first, quickly thrust in∣to the same place again deeper; but before you cut it, lay your thumb gently upon the Vein, just by the place, and with the Lancet, between the finger and thumb, in the other hand (the other singers leaning upon the Arm, to keep your hand the more steadier) gently thrust in the Lancet, as far as you think may reach the Vein, a little stretching up your hand, by which you shall enlarge the O∣rifice.

IV. Bleed as much as may be convenient; then by loosing of the Ligature, the Blood will stay. with your Finger squeeze the thickned Blood out of the Ori∣fice, lay on a Pledget of Lint, dipt in cold water, and a Lin∣nen Cloth, two or three times double upon that, (which ought to be in a readiness before∣hand;) then with a Band or Ligature, bind up the Arm, go∣ing cross above and below the Elbow, making the Band to cross upon the Boulster: then pin or tie it fast, so as the Patient may

endure it, which let remain till the next day, letting the Arm be held up, or with a Linnen Cloth be fastned to the Brest.

V. It is in vain to tell you all the particular Ʋses and Intentions, for which Our WARWICK-LANE BLOOD-SUCKERS institute Bleeding: 'Tis a General and Ʋ∣niversal Remedy with them, a∣gainst all Diseases, at all Times, and in all Persons, of what Age, Sex, or Constitution soever: So that should we particularly enu∣merate them, from their admi∣red Practice, it would not only be Labour in vain, but also cost me many Sheets of Paper to do it, which now I have saved in these very few words; and told you in a Sentence, whatever you are to expect from it, according to the REVELATION-MENS way of Quacking.

VI. What our own Thoughts are of it, we have in part told you in the Third Edition of our Synopsis Medicinae, Lib. 1. Cap. 77. Sect. 20. ad 46. Where we have laid down several Propositions, self-evident, against the received way of using it; but because possibly that way of arguing, may be above the Capacity of OƲR WARWICK LANE SPARKS, and that Discourse not thought satisfactory in every re∣spect: We, for the Satisfaction of every sincere Inquirer, will here resume the Argument again; and, by a new Set of Propositi∣ons, demonstrate that to the very external Senses, which be∣fore we proved only to the In∣ternal.

VII. Prop. 1. Tho' we deny not, but that there may be a Vacuum in Nature; yet Nature generally ab∣hors it. This is evident in Wa∣ter Pumps, and in many other things, where there is a violent Suction, by reason of the Pro∣trusion of the Air.

VIII. Prop. 2. That in any long and narrow Cylindrical Body, if it be filled with a continued and liquid Matter, that Matter will not easily run out, unless it may receive a supply at the other end, or some other parts of the Cylinder, where there are Pores or Passages. This Children demonstrate with a Reed, where, putting it end∣ways into the Water, it will fill, and then nipping the upper part of it close, though they take it out of the Water, yet will not the Water easily fall out of it, unless they open it at the other end again.

IX. Prop. 3. That the Veins and Arteries may not unfitly be compared to Cylindrical Bodies, yet with many capillary Pores or Pas∣sages into their larger Cavities. This is manifest from the Capil∣lary or small Twigs of Veins and Arteries, derived from the grea∣ter Stocks, Arms and Branches.

X. Prop. 4. That these Cylin∣drical Bodies are filled with a continuous and flowing Liquor, which is the Blood. This is evi∣dent in Phlebotomy and Disse∣ction.

XI. Prop. 5. That there are no Anastomoses between the Ar∣teries and Veins, yet discovered by any Anatomist, except that fa∣mous one of the Splenetick Ar∣tery, with the Ramus Splenicus of the Vena Porta; and possibly

some of the Arteria, with the Vena Pulmonaris of the Lungs. This all the latter Scrutinators of Anatomy affirm and maintain; and why we should believe that to be, which was never yet seen, I see no reason for.

XII. Prop. 6. That there being a Circulation of the Blood, proved by the Experience of these last Ages, and Ocular Demonstration, if there be no general Anastomoses over the whole Body (as none have yet been discovered;) the Arteries in this Circulation, must cast their Blood every where, into the Sub∣stance of the Flesh. For the Flesh being any where cut, bleeds.

XIII. Prop. 7. That to main∣tain and continue this Circulation, the Blood must be protruded, out of the fleshy Mass or Substance, into the Capillary ends of the Veins; where filling them, it smoothly slides out of the smaller Veins into the greater; and from them into the Vena Porta and Cava; and out of the Vena Cava into the right Earlet of the Heart; from thence into the right Ven∣tricle, and so by the Arteria Pulmonalis into the Lungs, out of which it is sent by the Vena Pulmonalis into the left Earlet of the Heart, and so into the left Ventricle of the same; where, by the Motion or Pulsation of the Heart, it is obtruded into the Aorta.

XIV. Prop. 8. That this Li∣quid Substance or Blood contained in the aforenamed Vessels, is gene∣rated of the Nourishment we daily receive; which if it be irregular, corrupt, or not well concocted, re∣ceives into its Substance seve∣ral heterogene and corrupt Parti∣cles. This is evident; for if the Matter of which any thing is made be corrupted, the thing constituted must have some of the Particles of that corruption.

XV. Prop. 9. That the Blood consists of a grumous Matter, a watery Substance, and a Spirit or Life; by the latter of which it is agitated and stirred up, to make a separation of those corrupt Par∣ticles it may contain, which in its Circulation are cast forth into the Substance of the Flesh, and from thence sent in a humid form into the Skin, Cuticula, and Habit of the Body. This is evident from the Small Pox, Botches, Boils, Scabs, Erysipelas, Tettars, Ring∣worms, Herpes, Morphew, Scurff, Leprosie, and other defilements thereof.

XVI. Prop. 10. That this Corruption remains in the Substance of the Flesh, and Habit of the Body, till Nature is able to expel it, and cast it totally forth, or till she is assisted with proper Medi∣cines to do the same. This is evi∣dent in all such as are troubled with Scorbutes, Botches, Boils, Scabs, Leprosies, &c.

XVII. Prop. 11. That the Blood having once cast forth this Heterogenous and Corrupt Matter into the Substance of the Flesh, by virtue of its Vital Potency, is not apt to receive it in again of its own accord; but on the contrary, still continues its Action, of expelling and casting out. This is apparent from the long continuance, and increase of the aforesaid Habi∣tual Defilements: For if that

which was once cast out was wasted and gone, the evil would cease; which we see it does not; and therefore must be con∣tinued by that means, by which it first began.

XVIII. Prop. 12. That since Nature willingly admits not of a Vacuum, by Prop. 1. That by taking away the Blood out of the Veins, such a Vacuum would ne∣cessarily follow, unless they were supplied with other Juices, out of the Substance of the Flesh, by Prop. 2. This is evident by the Construction of that second Pro∣position: And by Prop. 5. and 6. where it is proved, that there being no Anastomoses, the Veins receive their bloody Juice out of the Flesh.

XIX. Prop. 13. That then to avoid such a Vacuum in the Veins, if the Veins (upon Blood letting) receive in of the Corrupted Juices of the Body, through the whole Ʋniversal Habit, to repleat them; it follows, that the Ʋniversal bloody Mass must be at once Cor∣rupted, and defiled with an almost indelebile Pollution. This is so manifest of it self, that it needs no other Explication.

XX. Prop. 14. The Blood, by this diminution in Quantity, and loss of Spirits therewith, is so de∣pauperated in Quality, and so truly enfeebled, that by many such Out∣lets, it seems to be overcome, yield up its active Potency, and submits to the over-powering Tar∣tarous and Corrupt Matter brought in. By which it is clear, that Blood-letting pollutes the bloo∣dy Mass, and causes it to imbibe the corrupt Juices of the fleshy Substance which it had be∣fore cast out; whereby Dis∣eases are, after that Operati∣on, made ten times more re∣bellious and difficult to Cure, than they were before; and the universal human Nature becomes ten times (as I may say) more depraved, whereby those Pati∣ents are left in a deplorable, and sometimes in an incurable State. Which, before the many re∣peated Acts of BLOOD SƲCK∣ING, were in a very tolerable and hopeful Condition; which is the thing that was to be de∣monstrated, in opposition to the horrid Practices of the BLOOD SƲCKERS of our Times.

XXI. Besides, their drawing Blood in all sorts of Fevers, to me is a Paradox, not to be unfolded: For a Fever may rationally enough be compared to a boiling Pot: Now when a Pot, through the Fury of the Heat, is ready to run over, what Course is to be taken to quell its Outrage, and stop the boiling over? To this the greatest Coun∣try Clown that is, will make you a ready Answer; viz. either to put in some cold Water into the Pot, or to diminish and take a∣way the Fire: For if you take away any of the Liquor out of the Pot (which answers to Blood Sucking and Blistring) the rest of the Liquor must needs boil the faster, because the same fire or heat, has a less quantity of Matter to exercise its fury upon.

XXII. So that in the main, this is found to be an Operation of as little use as any, in the whole Art of Chirurgery; and if it is to be used at all, these four cases are

the chief, viz. 1. A Quinsey: 2. A Pleurisie: 3. A Peripneumony: 4. An inward Bruise, or Hurt in the Thorax: Which yet, if a Skilful Physician has the Matter in hand, he will easier, safer and sooner perform, by the admi∣nistration of some inward Spe∣cifick, as Spirit or volatil Salt of Mans Blood, or Flesh, or Urine, &c. than any BLOOD SƲCKER of them all can do by Bleeding. But of this, at present, enough.

CHAP. XIII. OPENING of an ARTERY.

I. THE former Reasons which have been just now offered against Bleeding of a Vein, may serve here: To which add the dangerous and frightful Opera∣tion, by reason of which, none of the Moderns but dislike it; yet for the Curiosity of such as desire to know how it is to be done, and whom substantial Rea∣son cannot perswade out of their Road, we will here shew the way.

II. Some tie a Bandage about the Neck, but seeing, when it is hard bound, it is very troublesom; others think it better th•…•… the Li∣gature be made under the Arm∣holes, which must be so straight∣ned, that the Jugular Veins and Carotide Artery, may appear both by swelling and touch; then let the Arteries be compressed by the Thumb, a little below where you intend to make the Incision.

III. Being opened (which must be done by a steady and strong hand) take forth what Blood you intend; which done, strew some Astrin∣gent Pouder upon the Wound, then put over it a double Linnen Cloth, with a Plate of Lead, after bind it up with a fit Bandage, which in five or six days will be perfectly well.

IV. The Intentions for which these kinds of Artists open an Ar∣tery, are against inveterate Head∣aches, Megrims, Palsies, Mad∣ness, Epilepsies, Inflammation of the Eyes or Ears; for which purpose they open the Arteries of the Forehead, Temples, or those behind the Ears, or Arte∣ria Puppis, all of them Branches of the external Carotide.

V. In the Inflammation of the Liver and Diaphragma, the Ar∣teries between the Thumb and forefinger. In Palpitation of the Heart, either that, or the Sa∣phena, is to be opened.

VI. Other Arteries are not to be opened, except a Bone lies under them, for fear of an A∣neurisma.

VII. The motion of the Blood in the Arteries, is by leaping, as it were forwards, by reason it goes out of the greater Arteries into the less; whereby it is by a

struggling motion forced to make its way; and this strug∣ling leaping motion is that, which where it may be felt, is called the beating of the Pulse; by which is known the State and Affections of the Heart and Vital Spirits.

VIII. Whereas the Motion of the Blood in the Veins, is smooth and flowing, because it goes out of the lesser Veins into the greater, in its return to the Heart, whence it follows, that if the; Blood be taken too liberally out of them, the Heart is rob∣bed of so much of its Pabulum, that the Vital Spirits thereby fail.

CHAP. XIV. OPENING of the WIND-PIPE.

I. BRonchotomia seu Laringo∣tomia, is the opening of the Wind-Pipe, when Persons are troubled with that kind of Quinsey, called Cynanche, where the Sick is in danger of Suffocation, that Disease being more dangerous than this Operation.

II. Let the Sick bend back his Head, both to stretch out, and better shew the Aspera Arteria: Draw a Line with Ink from the middle of the Neck before, almost to the Cavity of the Jugulum: Divide the Skin, according to the length of the Larinx unto the hollow: let him that stands by to assist, pluck by the Skin on each side, that the Artist may see and remove the two long Muscles, called Sternohyoides, with a Knife made either with Wood or Bone: The Larinx then appearing, make an Inci∣sion in the middle, between the third and fourth Annulary Car∣tilage, taking heed that you hurt not the Cartilages them∣selves.

III. When you find the Breath to come forth, take out the Inci∣sion Knife, and put into the place a Pipe of Silver or Lead, yet not so deep as to reach the hin∣der part of the Wind-pipe, lest it cause a continual Cough.

IV. The danger of Suffocation being over, which is generally about the third or fourth day, take forth the Pipe and cure the Wound, as you do others.

V. Before you do this Operation, beware lest the Lungs, Pleura, Gullet, &c. be not also inflamed, or already full of Matter: An Inflammation and Corruption of the Larinx, is most commonly mortal: If therefore upon these Accidents, you attempt this work, the death of the Patient may prove matter of Scandal.

VI. The Epiglottis may some∣times be so indurated, that it may not only hinder speaking, but also

hinder swallowing, except of great pieces of Meat; for Drink, and all other liquid things, run into the Wind pipe, as not being well closed by the indurated E∣piglottis: This Affect is incura∣ble.

VII. The Glottis, or Chink of the Larinx, either from Food or Physick, is sometimes so straitly wrung together, that the Patient cannot make any Noise: for this purpose some commend this; ℞ Cows Milk lbi. Yolks of Eggs N^oij. treble refined Sugar ℥i. mix and dissolve, of which the Patient may often take three or four Spoonfuls.

VIII. Or you may give this; ℞ English Saffron ʒss. Olibanum in fine Pouder ʒi. Juice of Liquo∣rice ʒiss. white Sugar ʒij. Gum Tragacanth ʒiij. mix, and with Damask Rose-water make Tro∣ches, to be continually chew∣ed in the Mouth, and swallow∣ed.

IX. This following is of good use, and has been often proved; ℞ Syrup of Sugar, Oil of sweet Almonds new drawn ana ℥iij. put them into a Glass, and shake them well together; of which let the Patient swallow a spoonful at a time, five, six, or eight times a day.

X. If it be inveterate, and not easily Cured, you must mix with the former Composition Powers of Aniseeds ℥iss. or, for want thereof, of the Oil of Aniseeds ʒij. which mix well by shaking to∣gether, and let it be given as the former.

CHAP. XV. OPENING of the BREST.

I. THIS Operation is perform∣ed in two Cases: 1. In a Hydrops Pectoris vel Pulmonis, wherein Water is collected into the Cavity of the Thorax, either by Rupture of the Lymphaeducts, or too great a waterishness of the Blood. 2. In an Empyema, which follows an Inflammation of the Throat, Lungs, Pleura, &c. where in Matter is collected; which upon the breaking of the Apostem, falls also into the Ca∣vity of the Thorax.

I. Of a Dropsie of the Brest.

II. Signs. It is known by a dry Cough, a painful heaviness, and a difficulty of Breathing, even to Suffocation; there is also great Thirst, little Appetite, and a paleness of the Countenance; sometimes there is a swelling of the Legs; and now and then it is accompanied with a Fever.

III. The Causes. They are be∣fore declared, to which add an Obstruction of the Lymphaeducts, as it often happens.

IV. The Prognosticks. If it be recent, it is easier cured than when inveterate: So also, if it be in a Person Young than in one Old: But in whom soever, and though Recent, yet it is a thing of dif∣ficult Cure.

V. It often degenerates into an Ascites; and if the Bowels be hurt, it is incurable.

VI. If the Water cannot be ex∣pelled by Diaphoreticks, Diureticks, nor by Purging Medicines, then we must come to the Manual Operation, as at Sect. 18. fol∣lowing. See the Third Edition of Our Synopsis Medicinae, Lib. 4. Cap. 26. throughout.

II. Of an Empyema.

VII. The Signs. When the In∣flammation of the Lungs or Pleura, will not, upon Bleeding or other fit means, be removed, you may then judge a Collection of such Matter to come, within 12, 14, or 16 days.

VIII. The Patient finds a great heaviness in his Brest, without con∣siderable Pain; but if it be with Pain, it is commonly with a new Afflux of Humours, which they divert by Revul∣sion.

IX. There is a difficulty of Breathing, and in Motion the Pa∣tient finds a rumbling; and is sensible that the Matter changes place, and the side affected is hotter than the other.

X. He casts up, with violent Coughing, a purulent Matter, ha∣ving a continual Fever, or rather a Continent; (for such as I have seen afflicted with this Disease, had no remission of the heat:) The Appetite is depraved or weak, and he finds Anxiety or Pain at Heart.

XI. The Cause. It proceeds from a Fever, which many times putting the Blood and Humours into violent Motions, lodges them in the Lungs, Membranes of the Pleura, or Parts adjacent.

XII. The Differences. One is in the Lungs it self; another in the Membranes of the Pleura: Or, One arises from a Peripneumonia; another from the Pleurisie. One is from a Rupture of some pre∣ceding Apostem, as aforesaid. Another from a Vein opened, broken, or gnawn asunder; whence comes Blood, which issuing forth, is converted into Pus, forming it self a Cystis. A∣nother from an afflux of Rheum, or Humours, into the Thorax.

XIII. The Prognosticks. All Empyema's are dangerous, and Death is rather to be feared, than Life hoped for. But that, in a strong Person, and on the right side, and where the Pus is voided white, and without any great Pain or Coughing, it is the more hopeful.

XIV. So also, if, upon opening, the Sick has an Appetite to Meat, the Thirst goes away, and the Fever leaves the Sick the same Day, there is hopes; and con∣trariwise.

XV. Between the thirtieth and fortieth day, the Apostem common∣ly breaks; and if it be not spit forth in Forty Days, it com∣monly turns into a Consumption.

XVI. But, if upon opening, the Pus be of an ill Colour or Savor,

somewhat Bloody, or Water flows forth in great quantity, or it co∣lours the Probe red, the Sick, for the most part, dies. See the Third Edition of Our Syn∣opsis, Lib. 4. Cap. 22.

XVII. The Cure. If now the Humours collected connot be expell∣ed by Expectoration, nor by Ʋrine, or Medicines, we must then come to Manual Operation, which is performed according to this following Method.

XVIII. The way and manner of Opening the Brest, both in a Hy∣drops Pectoris, and an Empyema. The place of opening, is said, by some, to be between the third and fourth Rib; by others, be∣tween the fourth and fifth; and others say, between the fifth and sixth (reckoning upwards;) this last is thought safest; for if higher, the Pericardium may be hurt, if lower, the Midriff.

XIX. But as in other Tumors, so in this, the most raised place is most fit. So that if a Tumor ap∣pear on either side, make the Apertion four or five inches from the Sternon, and nearer to the lower, than the upper Rib, be∣cause under each Rib there lies an Intercostal, Vein, Artery, and Nerve.

XX. First, mark the place to be cut, with Ink; and charge the Sick to hold his Breath, as long as he can, mean season make an Oblique, but small, Orifice, in∣to which put a Pipe of Silver or Lead; at which suffer ℥iv. or v. to run out in a day.

XXI. If the Matter run not well, place the Sick on the wounded side, and make him Cough. If yet it will not come, by reason of its toughness, inject into the Cavity some abstersive, healing, and drying Medicine, as Decoctum Vulnerarium, Decoctum Fumaria compositum. See Pharm. Lond. Lib. 4. Cap. 14. Sect. 8, and 17. or Infusum seri Lactis Mesuae; let∣ting the Patient take inwardly, Decoctum Vulnerarium Mynsichti (at Sect. 30. of the aforecited place) of which he may drink often in a day, about two ounces at a time.

XXII. If the Sick be weak, and the inward parts corrupted, this Operation is more dangerous, other∣wise it has proved more effe∣ctual, than in the Paracentesis, for a Dropsie in the Belly. But before you do it, first try all o∣ther means, as Expectoration, Purging by Vomit, Stool and Urine, Sweating, &c. and if they fail, then make use of Chi∣rurgery.

XXIII. If the Matter runs not, by reason of its toughness, Bar∣bett advises to inject this: ℞ Goats Whey ℥xviij. Honey of Roses ℥iv. Juices of Celandine and Smal∣lage a. ʒvi. mix.

XXIV. Or this; ℞ Comfrey-roots ℥i. Roots of Sanicle ℥ss. Leaves of Agrimony, Betony, Bur∣net, Periwinkle a. Mss. the Cor∣dial-flowers P. ij. Seeds of Hype∣ricon, Carduus, Roman-Nettle a. ʒss. boil in Water and Honey q.s. to a pint and half, then strain out; with which Inject, letting him drink also a little of it twice or thrice a day.

XXV. Sometimes the collected Matter is contained in a Mem∣brane of its own, and by its rising,

manifests it self from without. This the Latins call Vomica Pul∣monis. In this case, you must not stay till the Membrane breaks of it self: For, by delay, the Matter flowing up and down, will be more difficulty got out of the Brest; but it ought pre∣sently to be opened, chusing no other place for the Apertion, but the most raised part of the Tumor.

III. Of a Pleurisie.

XXVI. And because an Empy∣ema mostly follows a Pleurisie, I shall shew in this place, so much concerning it, as is necessary for a Chirurgian to know, because many of them are apt to mistake any Pain in the Side, though arising from Wind only, for a Pleurisie.

XXVII. A Pleurisie then is an Inflammation of the Pleura, and many times of the Lungs them∣selves (but that is rather a Pe∣ripneumony) arising from an Af∣flux of Blood, attended with, 1. Pain; 2. Cough; 3 Short∣ness of Breath; 4. Spitting of Blood; 5. Continent Fever; 6. And a quick Pulse.

XXVIII. The Cause. It is chiefly from Blood, or Blood and Humours, over-heated, and put into a violent Fermentation in the Lungs or Pleura.

XXIX. The Differences. It is, 1. Sincere, when it proceeds from Blood alone. 2. Bastard, when it comes from Blood mixt with other Humours. 3. Of the Lungs. 4. Of the Pleura.

XXX. The Prognosticks. If the Patient Spit not the third or fourth day, he will scarcely live to the seventh: And therefore the sooner the Matter is con∣cocted, and the whiter and ea∣sier it is ejected, the sooner and safer will be the Cure.

XXXI. And if upon a plentiful Expectoration, the Cough and Dif∣ficulty of Breathing lessen not, it is an evil Sign: So also, if upon Bleeding, or other proper ap∣plications, the Pain ceases not; for then the Sick must either die, or the Pleurisie will turn to an Empyema, or a Consumption.

XXXII. The Cure. Authors prescribe Bleeding largely, as one of the most necessary and safest means of Cure. However, Ex∣perience has confirmed the ad∣mirable use of the volatil Salt, or Spirit of Mans Blood, or Mans Flesh, and for want there∣of, the same Preparations from Bulls Blood or Flesh; Spirit of Sal Armoniack, and many other things of like nature.

XXXIII. But if a Vein be opened, let it be on the same side the Pain is of; for thereby the Sick is much more and sooner relieved, than when it is done on the opposite side: If the Pain ceases not in twenty four hours, they sometimes Bleed twice or thrice on the same Arm, but with respect to the Patients strength.

XXXIV. After Bleeding, some∣times Purging, Sweating, and Ex∣pectorating Medicines are very good; this is commended by Barbett, (after once Bleeding) by an Experimental Success: ℞ Juice of Dandelion ••iss. Plantane-water ʒij. Waters of Carduus and Sca∣bious,

Syrup of Corn Poppies a. ℥i. Crabs Eyes ʒss. mix them: and give the Sick every half hour, two Spoonfuls of it, for some time: The rest of the Cure seek out in the Third Edition of Our Synopsis Medicinae, Lib. 4. Cap. 27.

CHAP. XVI. OPENING of the BELLY.

I. THIS Operation is called Pa∣racentesis; and although it signifies all sorts of Punctures, yet Custom has only appropriated it to the opening of the Brest, in an Empyema, and of the Belly in a Dropsie; yet more to the latter, than to the former.

II. This Work is generally per∣formed upon such as have a Dropsie of the Belly, called Ascites, or Tympanites; thus,

III. If the Navel stands forth, make the Apertion there; but if not, which is usual in this Case, then make it three inches below the Navel, on the Muscles, called Obliqua descendens, near the side of the right Muscle, but so much, whether on the right or left side of the Belly, as the breadth of two fingers or more.

IV. Then mark the place with Ink, and make the Operation ac∣cording to the Ductus of the Fibres, a little obliquely thus [/] on the right side, and thus [\] on the left side; piercing the Skin, Muscles and Peritonaeum, taking great care, that the Omentum or Guts be not wounded.

V. As soon as you perceive the Water come forth, put in a Pipe of Silver or Lead, which is smooth, fixt at Head with broad Wings, perforated with three or four small holes on the sides of that end which is put into the Aper∣tion, no longer than the thick∣ness of the dissected part, which is about an Inch, somewhat crooked at the end, and exactly fitting the size of the Orifice; which put into it, laying over it a sticking Emplaster, and up∣on that a spunge, or fourfold doubled rag, all which bind on very well, and let the Sick rest for two or three hours.

VI. Then open the Bandage, and take away one, two, or three quarts of water, and sometimes more at a time; this repeat once or twice a day, till the Water is almost discharged: For to take away all at once, would so chill the Parts, as to endanger the Life of the Patient. The Pipe is to remain all the time of the Cure, at last remove it, and Cure the Apertion as an ordinary Wound.

VII. But this Operation is bet∣ter performed by the Steel Pipe of Paul Barbett, made with an end like a Lancet, and sharp, with holes on the sides: This is to be thrust into the Cavity of the

Belly, through the right Muscle, where the Orifice is soon healed, taking out but a Gallon or two of water at a time.

VIII. This done, take out the Instrument, and lay upon the hole only dry Lint, with a sticking Em∣plaster over it, which will keep the Water in, two, or three, or more days; after, according to the Strength of the Sick, re∣peat it, either by opening the first Orifice again, or making a new one, if the Artist find the Water to be drawn another way.

IX. But before these Operations be performed, consider, that the Body be not too much emaciated or wasted. 2. That the Dropsie be Recent, at least, that the great bulk of the Tumor be but of short standing. 3. That the Patient have no Fever, nor difficulty of Breathing. 4. That the Noble Parts be sound and uncorrupt∣ed. 5. That the Person be of middle Age, or at least very strong; because in Children and aged People, it succeeds not well. 6. Take care to preserve the natural Heat, for after Open∣ing, the Parts easily Gangrene or Mortifie.

X. In an Hydrocele (when the Water falls into the Scrotum) you may make a discharge of the Humour, by the last mentioned In∣strument, so dexterously, that the next day, you shall hardly be able to find where the hole was.

XI. You may apply this Instru∣ment very facetiously to an Em∣pyema, and to a Dropsie of the Brest, in Chap. 15. aforegoing.

XII. This Operation is of An∣cient Ʋse, yet full of Danger, but many times preserves the Life of the Patient, and the Success which has been in the Use of it, emboldens us now and then, to draw it into Practice.

XIII. But we find Experimen∣tally, 1. That the Parts debili∣tated, and deserted of their natural Heat, after opening, do easily Mortifie. 2. That, together with the Water, the Spirits do also Issue out.

XIV. However, after all has been said that can be said, the A∣pertion is best to be made at the Navel; where it is certainly done with the least trouble to the Artist, and without any Pain to the Patient, and with less danger than in any other place.

XV. It may be opened with a Lancet, where the Water will issue forth, without the help of a Pipe; and when you think a sufficient quantity is taken away, you may stop it with a little dry Lint, and a sticking Emplaster, gently binding it on with a Swathe.

XVI. If therefore the Navel struts out of its own accord, that is the certain place to be chosen for this Operation; but if otherwise, it is best to be done (as is pra∣ctised upon Negroes in many Places of both Indies) by rai∣sing it into a Bladder with Cupping-glasses, and then prick∣ing it, as is before directed, and as if it was raised naturally of it self.

XVII. I remember that once I saw Dr. Gardner, Chief Chirur∣gian

to the King's Houshold, open the Belly of one that had an Ascites. He did it at the Navel, without any Pipe, as before directed; and it was done with that dexterity, and easiness, that I never saw the least Ope∣ration in Chirurgery perform∣ed with the like Facility, and not the least Pain to the Pa∣tient.

CHAP. XVII. OPENING of Closed ORIFICES.

I. WE shall begin with them that are highest, or in the Ʋpper Parts of the Body; of which, those of the Eyes offer themselves first to consideration.

I. Closed Eyes.

II. Ancyloplepharon, Coali∣tus, the Eye-lids growing together, or else, to the white and horny Coat, or both together. If before Birth, or naturally so, they are carefully to be divided by an Incision-Knife; on the Point of which is to be a little Knob; after which they are to be kept asunder with Lint, and fit Me∣dicines.

III. If after a Wound, not being healed according to Art, so that the Eye-lids grow together; put in a small Probe by degrees, at the Corner next the Nose, and bearing it up, divide the joined Lids all along: Or you may do it with an Incision-knife, after the manner of the former Operation.

IV. If the Eye-lids should ad∣here to the Coats, by reason of Ʋlcers ill cured, &c. they are carefully to be divided with the like Incision-Knife, rather lea∣ving some of the Eye-lid on the Coat of the Eye, then cut the Tunicle, for that what remains may be taken off afterwards.

V. This done, ℞ Rose-water and Whites of Eggs, beat them together, and dip Pledgets therein, which apply, to hinder grow∣ing together again: Then let the Sick be often moving their Eye-lids, and wash often with our Aqua Regulata, or Aqua Ophthalmica.

VI. Or, you may wash with this; ℞ Rhenish-wine, Red-wine, Damask-Rose-water a. ℥iij. Tutid prepared ʒiij. Myrrh in pouder ʒij. Scammony in pouder ʒi. boil till a third part is wasted; strain, and hang in a Nodule, Verdigrise, Camphir a. ʒi. digest a Week-strain again, and keep it for use.

II. Orifice of the Ears closed.

VII. The Passages of the Ears may be stopped, either visible, or scarce so: If they be visible, they may easily be divided, and after Cicatrized with fit Medi∣cines,

done round about a Pipe, which may be put into the Ear.

VIII. If they be so deep, as that they are scarcely to be seen, it is dangerous so to open them; and they are rather to be eaten away with eroding Medicines, but you ought to apply them with that Caution, as to save harmless the Drum of the Ear.

III. The Nostrils closed.

IX. They may be closed up, ei∣ther almost, or altogether. They are both cured one and the same way; first open them with an Incisi∣on-Knife, and then dilate them with prepared Elder Pith, or Puff-balls, or Spunge prepared, &c. which done, put up a hol∣low Pipe, anointed with Ʋn∣guentum Diapompholigos.

IV. The Mouth closed.

X. It is either almost closed, or quite closed; in both Cases it is to be opened with an Incision-Knife, then dressed with Balsam de Chili, Peru, or Tolu, applied upon dry Lint, and so gently bound up; which will heal them at one Intention.

V. The Praeputium closed.

XI. Whether it be from ill Con∣formation, or Ʋlcers, closed at the end, or sticking to the Glans; 'tis first to be divided with a crooked Incision-Knife; after which, a thin plate of Lead is to be put between, sprinkled with Ceruse, Litharge, or burnt Lead in fine Pouder.

XII. The first dressing may be Lint dipt in Whites of Eggs; af∣terwards for three or four days, with some digestive Mixture; as this, ℞ Honey, Turpentine a. ℥ss. Yolk of one Egg, mix them together by grinding; lastly, apply the Lead, Ceruse, &c. to dry and heal.

VI. The Glans not perforated.

XIII. It is to be carefully open∣ed with a Lancet, after which you may put a small leaden Pipe dressed with some fit Balsam or Ointment into it, where it is to be kept till it is well.

XIV. If it be not rightly per∣forated, having a small hole near the Fraenum only, so as that nei∣ther the Urine nor Semen, can pass directly out, whereby Pro∣creation may be hindred: In this case, you are to extend the Praeputium with the left hand, and divide the Glans to the hole, using a Pipe as before.

XV. If in Infants the Orifice be too little, make use of Elder Pith compressed, anointing it with Ʋng. Rosatum, not using Incision, as in the former.

VII. The Anus in Infants not Perforated.

XVI. This may either be in part, a small hole remaining, or else closed all together: If in part, it is carefully to be opened with a Lancet and Scissars, on both sides; after which you may do it with Tents or Pledgets dipt in Ʋnguentum Tutiae, or any other drying Oint∣ment, to prevent Bleeding:

Thus it will be cured in a few Days, without a Leaden Pipe.

XVII. But if it be wholly shut, and the end of the Intestinum Rectum is covered with a Mem∣brane; if it be thin, it may some∣times be opened with the Fin∣gers; but if thick, with a Lancet, or small Incision-Knife, long∣ways, (taking great care of the Sphincter Muscle) and then kept open with a small Leaden Pipe, and drying Unguents; or an Elder Pith dressed with the same.

VIII. Pudenda Virginum closed.

XVIII. This is many times ex∣ternal, wherein the Vulva is quite closed with a preternatural Mem∣brane, or only a very small hole left: And this is either natu∣rally so from the Birth, or join∣ed together upon an ill affected Ulcer: These you must open long-ways with a sharp Incision-Knife, in part wound about with Linnen Rags, and then the Wound is to be cured the com∣mon way.

XIX. Sometimes a preterna∣tural Caruncle shuts the Os Vul∣vae; here you must have a Specu∣lum Matrices; and in the latter end of the Cure, a small Pipe, perforated throughout, in length, to help the Cicatrizing.

XX. If there be a Membranous Coalition of the four Carneous Mon∣ticuli, whereby the fore Parts of the Vulva are shut up, sometimes very close; it may easily be per∣ceived by the Eye or Touch. Let the Legs be held a sunder up∣wards, then make Incision, be∣ginning from beneath, not ma∣king the opening too small, lest in time it should hinder delivery, (yet carefully taking heed not to hurt the Bladder) then dress the Wound with thick flat Pledgets (that can∣not easily fall out) dipt in cool∣ing and drying Ointments; and so managed, that what has been parted, may not grow together again.

IX. The Vagina closed.

XXI. This may be closed either in part, or wholly; if in part, whe∣ther naturally, or through an Ʋl∣cer, it may be either in the be∣ginning, or the middle, a hole being in the midst to discharge the Menses, and for admission of Seed.

XXII. If it be wholly closed, it is in many caused through hard Labour; in which it may be hurt, inflamed, and made raw, and by that means grow together: Sometimes it is also caused by some fleshy Excrescence, arising in the French-Pox, or otherwise.

XXIII. The Signs. It may ea∣sily be known by feeling of a skilful Chirurgian or Midwife; the Hus∣band also, by his not being able to enter. The Patient also com∣plains of great Pain in the lower Ventricle and Loins, on that side where the broad Ligaments are connected with the Os Ilium. The Colour is pale and unhealth∣ful; and at the New Moon they are apt to Vomit Flegm mixt with Blood, because they want their Menses.

XXIV. The Cure. The Patient

is to be laid on her Back, with her Head low, her Loins raised with Cushions or Bolsters, her Knees high, and separated wide asunder; then with the Hands, the Vulva being kept open, a crooked In∣cision-Knife is to be conveyed to the upper part of the Membrane, cutting it through downwards towards the Intestinum Rectum, going in a direct Line, and shunning the other way, for fear of hurting the Bladder.

XXV. Being thus opened, there is to be put up a Pessary, made of a dry Spunge, and moistned with Oil of Eggs, Earthworms, or Nervinum, mixed with Oil of Mastich.

XXVI. The Place being widened with the Spunge, you may then put in a Pessary of Wax, moistned with Oil of Eggs, applying a thick Bolster and Bandage, not to be removed, but upon making Wa∣ter, or to use an Injection to cleanse the Part of the Pus, which is so long to be used, till it is perfectly healed. The Pes∣sary may also be made hollow like a Pipe, and of Silver or Lead, as you see occasion.

XXVII. Or the Woman being put into a due posture, the part may be dilated with the Speculum Vaginae, or Matricis, and so be divided with a crooked Incision-knife tyed to the Fore-finger, cutting from the upper part downwards, &c. as before di∣rected.

X. The Inward Orifice of the Womb closed.

XXVIII. It may be so closed as not to admit of a small Probe, caused thro' cold Humours, Seed, or Menses long kept, whereby when they are heaped upon it, it be∣comes so swelled, as to close the Mouth thereof: In some the Mouth of the Womb is hard, from Wind, and Humours heap∣ed up therein, which cause great pain both in the Belly and sides thereof.

XXIX. If it be very hard, ta∣pering out, and sunk down, so that little good can be done by Emollient and Discussive Fomentations and Ointments, 'tis then to be en∣larged with Gentian Root, or prepared Spunge, by which it may be widened, and come to its due purgation.

XXX. Being thus widened, there may easily be put in an Instrument of Silver or Ivory, after the fa∣shion of a Screw, the one end thick∣er than the other, and within hol∣low, thro' which the Menses may flow, being assisted by Cough∣ing, Sneezing, Laughing, or some other violent Motion.

XXXI. This may be carried without any trouble or inconvenien∣cy, and 'tis better than Incision, which is certainly dangerous, tho' sometimes (all other means fail∣ing) it may be attempted: But if there is an insensibility in the part, or no sharp pain, or there is a thin, fluid, or stinking, black Matter, the affect is In∣curable.

CHAP. XVIII. OPENING of APOSTEMS.

I. AN Abscess or Apostem, is a Tumer containing a Matter cast forth by Nature for its relief, and gathered together in∣to one place, which if Nature her self perfects not, is brought to sup∣puration or ripeness by Art, except in some cases, wherein we dare not stay for a perfect Maturati∣on; as, 1. When the Matter is very sharp or malign, so as it may corrupt the neighbouring Parts, as Nerves, Tendons, Bones. 2. When it may affect a more noble Part. 3. When it is in the Joints. 4. When cast forth by a Crisis.

II. Before you come to the Work it self, you must consider of the In∣strument with which it is to be done: Some open it with a Lan∣cet or Incision-knife, others with a Potential Cautery.

III. If with the Lancet or Inci∣sion-knife, the Apertion is made as l••ng, and as deep as you think fit, (yet you are not to thrust the Lan∣cet in too deep, nor farther into the Cavity than to the Matter,) and the undigested Matter remain∣ing will be sooner Concocted by Application of fit Medicines, given both Internally, and ap∣plied Externally; nor will there be any long Gleet, which if it happens, is certainly the fault of the Chirurgian.

IV. First, consider whether the Matter be contained in its own pro∣per Cistis or Tunicle, or not. If it be in a Tunicle, and be small, make the Incision long-ways; and as soon as you perceive the Cistis, draw the Incision-knife a little back, and turn the point upwards, making your opening thro' the Skin so big as may af∣ford the Pus a free vent. If it be big, make a double Incision; viz. Cross-ways; but beware of touching the Cistis, lest you have a foetid, and almost incu∣rable Ulceration.

V. The Apertion being made wide enough, press out with your Fingers the whole Vesicle, or Body of the Apostem, which seldom or never sticks to the Skin, and will easily come forth: but have a care, that not the least particle of the Bag remain behind, lest it gather again.

VI. Those Apostems which hap∣pen behind the Ears, in the Neck, Arm-holes, or in the Groin, spring from Indurated Glandules, re∣pleat with a praeternatural Hu∣mour, comprehended in their own Membranes, which being toucht either with Instrument or Cau∣stick Medicines, there follows a Gleet of the contained Humour, which will continue till the whole Glandule and Tunicle are both consumed, and it may be also in the mean season corrupt some of the adjacent Parts.

VII. If it be without a Tunicle,

then make the Apertion in the right Line, observing the Fibres of the Muscles: In the head, accord∣ing to the position of the Hair, long-ways: In the Eye-lids transverse: In the Nose, Neck, Brest, Back, Arms, Feet, Joints, long-ways: In the midst of the Belly, long-ways, in the Sides a little slanting; in the Groins transverse, but not very deep, by reason of the subjacent Semi∣nary Vessels.

VIII. And always take heed, lest you touch any great Vein, Ar∣tery or Nerve, though you cut the Fibres a-cross, lest from a lesser evil you create a greater.

IX. The place of opening is the highest and softest part of the Apo∣stem, and if possible, in the de∣pending place thereof, that the Pus or Matter may the more ea∣sily be discharged: To which purpose, you are with a Tent to keep it open, till the Part be∣ing wholly cleansed, may return to its prestine Health.

X. Some open it with a Lancet, others with a potential Cautery made of Quick-lime, and Holland, or black Soap. The Cautery is best for Timorous People, and is without great pain (unless very Corrosive) working deep e∣nough into the Flesh.

XI. But in a Contained Abscess, it may eat too deep, and accord∣ing to the place, do much Mischief; besides which, it commonly spreads it self farther than it should, notwithstanding the de∣fensative. And it is found by Experience, that in some it has eaten thro' the Skin and Mus∣cles, and in Tumors of the Bel∣ly, eaten to the very Cavity; in others wounded the Processes of the Peritonaeum, together with the seminal Vessels therein.

XII. It is also some Hours in doing the operation, and it may be at last (the Escar not falling presently) you must be forced to make use of the Lancet or Incision-knife; whereas with the Lancet or Incision-knife the work is, 1. Safely. 2. Spee∣dily. And, 3. Without much pain performed, by which the Patient has immediate Relief.

CHAP. XIX. OPENING of the SKIN.

I. THere are many kinds or ways of opening the Skin, according to the number of the In∣tentions for which it is done, of which these are chief. 1. Vesica∣tories. 2. Making Issues. 3. Ap∣plying the Seton. 4. Applying of Leeches. 5. Cupping-glasses. 6. Scarification. 7. Ustion or Burning, which is the Applica∣tion of the Actual Cautery. 8. Haemorrhoids. 9. Varix.

I. Vesicatories, or Blistering.

II. It is done by Application of the common Epispastick or Vesica∣tory of the Shops, Examples e∣nough of which you may find in Our Pharmacopoeia's, Doron, Seplasium, and other Books. The Epispa∣stick is spread upon Leather, and laid on generally at going to sleep, that the Patient by sleep∣ing may be the less sensible of the pain: and it is continued on, sometimes 8, 10, 12 or 14 Hours, according to the Place and Na∣ture of the Part it is applied to.

III. At the time appointed, it is taken off, the Blister clipt, and the Water let out; at which time some Artists take off the Skin wholly, but others as Learned and Experienced in their Faculty, let it lye on, over which they lay a Melilot Emplaster which gene∣rally (better and more easily) pulls it off; or for want there∣of, the smooth side of a Cole∣wort Leaf, (which is said to be drawing, the contrary side dry∣ing and healing:) And with this Emplaster or Leaves it is drest first twice a day, till the chief of the running is over; after once a day, till it is whole.

IV. As for taking off the Skin when the Blister is drawn, they say they do it that the Sore might run the more plentifully, freely, and longer: To which we answer, 1. That the taking off the Skin puts the Patient to a vast deal of pain more, than the letting it lye on. 2. That we have tryed by many Experiments, that by Appli∣cation of the Emplaster or Colewort Leaves, we have found the run∣ning as free and plentiful as by the former way of taking the Skin off, and sometimes the running to last much longer. 3. That the pulling off the Skin by means of the Emplaster or the Leaves, is not the tenth part of the pain, which that is, that is taken off by the Hands at time of draw∣ing; for all which reasons that way is to be chosen, which being as advantageous to the Pa∣tients as any, puts them to the least pain.

V. The Ʋses of Blistering are manifold, (tho' we exclude their vulgar use in all sorts of Fevers, which we think not much less per∣nicious than the exhibition of Poy∣son:) 1. Where any vehement pain is setled in any Part. 2. Where any Tumor is fixed that cannot be otherwise mo∣ved. 3. For Derivation, where there is a Flux of Humours, that can no otherwise be mastered: As a Rheum falling upon the Eyes or Teeth; a Catarrh upon the Palate; a defluxion upon a∣ny particular Joint, &c.

VI. The place of their Applica∣tion is generally, 1. For the re∣moving of Pain, upon the very place pained, for if it be but two or three Inches, above, below, or on either side, I have expe∣rimentally found, that it does no good at all, whereas apply∣ed upon the very place, it gene∣rally does the work effectually. 2. Ʋpon the very place of the Tu∣mor afflicting. 3. If for Deriva∣tion, upon those parts which will easily derive from the Parts affect∣ed,

as upon the Nape of the Neck, for a Rheum in the Eyes, &c.

VII. How often they are to be applied. Many times the Disease is inveterate, and the Humour malign and stubborn, and it of∣ten falls out, that at once or twice blistering the Cure can∣not be done; and if any part of the malign Humour is left be∣hind, 'tis as good as doing no∣thing, for that will quickly in∣crease and grow as bad again; for this cause they must be so often applied till the Cause is wholly removed, which in some may be done at the first time, in others at the second, in others at the third or fourth Applica∣tion; and in some cases they may be applied five or six times.

VIII. If any shall object, that by this often Application, a Hu∣mour may possibly be drawn into a Part; we affirm from a large Experimental Knowledge the contrary: For a Vesicatory is so far from drawing an Humour into a Part, that it always draws the Humour out; for by its potency, and speedy way of Action, it draws with that vio∣lence, that it breaks, and as it were, disjoints the Humour, and so takes it forth; and not as other lazy Attractives, which by long lying, draw and affix Humours in a Part, without drawing them out at all.

IX. As to their use in Fevers, we have very much to say against them; but because we design brevity in this work, shall re∣fer it to another place, and in part mind you of what we have said already on this Subject, Chap. 12. Sect. 21. aforegoing.

X. The danger and ill effects of Vesicatories, are Heat and Scald∣ing of the Water, difficulty of Pis∣sing, and sometimes Pissing of Blood. This is remedied by plentifully drinking an Emulsi∣on of the four cold Seeds; or Barley Water mixt with Milk. Thus, ℞ hull'd Barley ℥viij. Wa∣ter three Pints or more, boil, and cast away the first Water; add two Quarts more, and boil till the Barley is broken, adding a double quantity of Milk; strain, and sweeten it a little with fine Sugar, of which let the Patient drink liberally.

II. Fontanels, or Issues.

XI. An Issue is a little Ʋlcer made by Art, in a sound part of the Body, by a red hot Iron, Lancet, Scissars, or corrosive Medicine, to evacuate superfluous Hu∣mours, and so either to Prevent, or Cure Diseases.

XII. Let them be made be∣tween the Muscles, not in the be∣ginning, middle, nor end of a Mus∣cle: If you make an Issue in the Head, let it be in the middle of the Coronal Suture: In the Neck, between the Shoulders: If on the Arm, about the middle space between the Shoulder and Elbow, towards the outside.

XIII. If on the Thighs, let it be on the inside, two or three Fin∣gers breadth above the Knee; if on the Leg, as much below the Knee.

XIV. The way of doing of it, is by Incision, Caustick, or Burning.

1. By Incision. Take up the Skin on both sides, either with a pair of Forceps, or your Hand; which done, divide it in the place you intend, (first marked with Ink) with a Lancet, Inci∣sion-knife, or a pair of Scissars.

XV. 2. By Caustick. The place being first marked with Ink, apply a Plaster, with a hole in the middle over it, in which hole put the Caustick, over the place mark∣ed; over which lay another Pla∣ster: After three or four Hours take off the Emplasters and Cau∣sticks, and apply on the Escar a Plaster of Diapalma, dressing it twice a day, that it may the sooner separate.

XVI. For a Caustick, you may use Lapis Infernalis (in our Phar∣mac. Londinensis, Lib. 3. Cap. 11. Sect. 102.) or that made of Silver (at Sect. 20. Cap. 2. Lib. 3. of the said Book.)

XVII. 3. By Burning. Ap∣ply the Cautery red hot, yet so, as that the Skin be not wholly pene∣trated, lest you hurt too much the subjacent Muscle; after remove the Escar, as before. The Escar be∣ing fallen, take little hard Dos∣sels made of Lint, upon which spread some detersive Medicine, and press them into the Ulcer, till they have made some Im∣pression, then put into the hole a little Ball of Wood, Wax, El∣der pith, Silver, or a Pea, &c. which are often to be taken out, and renewed continually, till the Disease be Cured, or weak∣ness hinder, applying over only green Oiled Cloth.

XVIII. If the Issue should grow up, make Balls of Gentian, Her∣modact, Orrice, &c. so may you remove the proud Flesh: A Ball made with Precipitate and white Wax, will keep it open.

XIX. If hot scalding Humours flow, apply to it Unguentum Al∣bum Camphoratum, mixt with an equal quantity of Populneum: If it smells ill, wash it often with generous Canary, mixt with an equal quantity of Rhe∣nish Wine.

III. The Seton, in the Nape of the Neck.

XX. The Seton is no more but one of the kinds of Issues, made after another manner, and chiefly applicable to the Nape of the Neck; tho' it may be made in other places too.

XXI. A Seton is much a grea∣ter trouble than an Issue; yet this advantage arises from it, that what evils two Issues will not re∣move, is oftentimes done by one Seton.

XXII. It is made in many places; as, Arms, Legs, Brest, Ears, Region of the Liver, Spleen, Navel, Scrotum, &c. But the chief place is the Neck, between the first and second Vertebra, or second and third, or which is best, between the third and fourth.

XXIII. Take up the Skin, with a perforated pair of Forceps, nip it pretty hard to stupifie it. Through the perforations of the Forceps and Skin, pass a Needle red hot, af∣ter which, with another Needle, bring through the silken String or Cord.

XXIV. The first day to ease

pain, apply to the part, Lint dipt in Whites of Eggs and Rose-water mixt together, then procure di∣gestion with convenient Medi∣cines; afterwards let the String be drawn every day sometimes to this side, sometimes to that, that the mattery part may hang out of the Wound: The Ulcer is thus to be kept open, as long as need requires.

XXV. But Barbett tells us, it may be much easier, and better performed thus. Let the Artist take up the Skin in one Hand, and his Servant with another; and in the place he intends (first marked with Ink) let him pass it through, with a sharp-poin∣ted Needle, not made hot, to which let be first tyed a conve∣nient Cord of Silk or Thread, rubbed over with Wax.

XXVI. This Operation evacu∣ates from the Head, Eyes, Nose, Teeth, and causes derivation from the Mouth, Brest, Spinal Mar∣row, and Joints; it Cures Head∣achs, Megrims, Vertigo's, Fi∣stula Lachrymalis, Hydrocepha∣lus, &c. In Scrotum, Hernia aquosa, &c.

IV. Application of Leeches.

XXVII. Leeches are said to be more advantagious than Scari∣fication, and safer than Bleeding, because they draw forth the Extra∣vased Blood, which is in the Flesh; and they may with benefit be applied, as well in weak as strong Bodies, they drawing chiefly from the Cutaneous Parts, by which means they often Cure Cuticular Diseases.

XXVIII. Leeches are applied to the Veins of the Arms and Legs, to Haemorrhoids, Vulva, Gums, Lips, Nose, Ʋlcers, after sca∣rifying in Gangrenes, Herpes, &c. and that in general Evacuations of the whole Body.

XXIX. When you apply them, make the place clean with Milk and Sugar, rubbing it till it grows red; then hold them near the Head in a Rag, and so apply them to the place, it being first moistned with Pigeons Blood.

XXX. If you would have them fall off before they have done, cast Salt on them: If you would have them suck longer than full, cut off their Tails.

XXXI. Chuse them in clear Water, sandy and gravelly Ponds, whose Heads are little, Bodies small, Bellies red and round, and Backs streaked like Threads of Gold. They ought to be kept twelve days at least before they are used.

XXXII. You may keep them a Year in Water with a few Crums of Bread, changing the Water once in four days.

XXXIII. Those in muddy, fil∣thy and stinking Ponds, with great Heads, greenish colour, and blew streaks on the Back, are poysonous and dangerous, exciting Vene∣mous Tumors, Inflammation, Ulcers, Convulsions, and some∣times Death.

XXXIV. They are often used in Melancholy Diseases, Leprosie, Ringworms, repletion of malign Matter, Pleurisies, Inflammation of the Lungs, Phagedena, Fu∣runculus, Vertigo, Epilepsie, Apoplexy, Megrim, old Head∣achs,

Diseases of the Eyes, and many other desperate Diseases.

XXXV. However, because some Leeches may be Venemous, and it is hard to discern which are not so, it will be good after Applica∣tion, and that they are fallen off, to foment the Part well with Red or Claret Wine, as hot as it can well be endured, by which means, the Apertions will not only bleed the better, and the Effects of their Application be the more substantial; but the Venom they may have left be∣hind, (if any be) will wholly be extracted or drawn forth.

V. Applying of Cupping-glasses.

XXXVI. They are applied ei∣ther without Scarification, or with Scarification. The Modus of Application, is either to stick dried Flax with soft Wax to the bottom within the Cup, or put in loose, after set it on Fire, and presently clap it on. Some heat them very hot, in hot Wa∣ter. Others stick in a little bit of Wax-candle lighted, and so apply them.

XXXVII. They are made of differing matters, and of various forms: Some are to apply and suck up withal, others are Blind.

XXXVIII. If you do it with Scarification, having applied them as before, and taken them off, then Scarifie the part, which is to be done either superficially or profound, as the Nature and Constitution of the same will permit. The best time of Ap∣plication is in the Full of the Moon (not in the New) a∣bout Two or Three in the After∣noon; and they may continue on about half an Hour.

XXXIX. They are used to draw the Morbifick Matter out of a Part wherein it is: and to draw deep Apostems more outward; as also Matter in the more deep or no∣ble Parts, to Parts more superfi∣cial and less noble.

XL. They are of Ʋse also to stop Gangrenes, to warm Parts that are cold, by drawing Blood and Spirits into them; to reduce Parts elapsed, to draw out Fla∣tulencies and thin Matter, and to ease Pains.

XLI. To ease Pains in the Head, or any other Part, they are to be applied upon the very spot or place pained: To the Mold of the Head to stop Catarrhs, draw up the Uvula, &c.

XLII. To the Neck, for the Palsie, Numbness, Weakness in the Limbs: To the Scapulae, for the Apoplexy, and all sorts of sleepy Diseases, and Diseases of the Head from cold: To the Nape of the Neck, for the Quinsie.

XLIII. To the Navel, in the Procedentia Ʋteri, Wind Co∣lick: To the Flanks, for Wind in the Spleen: To the Ʋreters, to attract the Stone and Gravel in∣to the Bladder.

XLIV. To the Ribs, for redu∣cing them: To the Orifices of Ʋl∣cers, and the Ears, to draw things out of them: To the Bi∣tings of Venemous Creatures, to draw out their Venom and Poy∣son.

XLV. To the midst of the Shoulders, for a Cough, diffi∣culty of Breathing, Diseases of

the Brest, Pleurisies, &c. To the sides of the Neck and Chin, in Diseases of the Mouth, Gums, Teeth: On the Region of the Reins, for Apostems of those Parts, and of the Liver.

XLVI. To the Arms, Thighs, Legs, &c. for pains in them: To the Os Sacrum, for Fistu∣la's, Haemorrhoids Ficus, &c. To the Thighs, Legs, and Ancles, for the Strangury, pain of the Womb, Reins, Bladder.

VI. Scarification.

XLVII. Scarification is per∣formed with a Lancet or Incision-knife: the Ancients have done it alone, without Cups, the Mo∣derns use it not without Cup∣ping.

XLVIII. It is intended either for Revulsion or Evacuation, sometimes of the whole Body, sometimes only of particular Parts.

XLIX. It has been used in A∣cute, Putrid, Malign and Pesti∣lential Fevers, chiefly in Children, and that with great success; in Apoplexies, Frensies, and all Affects of the Senses.

L. In Affects of the Gums, all outward Pains, Ʋlcers, Ecchy∣mosis or Gangrene, where it was either present, or might be fear∣ed; in which Case it might be said to be either Therapeutick, or Prophylactick.

LI. 'Tis performed sometimes very superficially, not passing he depth of the Skin, sometimes more deep in the Flesh; and is best done with a Lancet fixed to a Spring, which being done mo∣mentarily, the Patient is not so fearful, nor yet so sensible of the pain.

VII. Ʋstion, or Burning.

LII. This is of Ʋse, when nei∣ther Medicine nor Knife will bring Relief, as well in the soft, as the hard Parts; but in all sorts of Burning, great care is to be ta∣ken, that the adjacent Parts be not hurt; to prevent which you must defend them with Lint, cold Iron, and other Defensa∣tives.

LIII. It is performed either with actual or potential Cauteries. The Actual are the better and most certain, the Potential are more acceptable, because of Peoples fearfulness.

LIV. The Actual is done with a cauterising Iron, (made at the end in form like a Button) the Po∣tential with Lapis Inferrnalis, and other Caustick Medicaments.

LV. The Intention is, 1. For Making Issues. 2. For Appli∣cation of the Seton. 3. To Stop Bleeding after Amputation.

LVI. In removing of the Eschar, beware of using Oil alone, Butter or Grease, for Barbett has ob∣served, that they have occasion∣ed a Gangrene; and therefore he advises to Empl. Diapalma, or Lint wet in Wine, which will be sufficient.

LVII. Ʋstion is called the Actu∣al Cautery, and has its Ʋses as afore specified; but Art has found out better, and more safe means, which I should advise the Young Chirurgian with all Industry to pursue.

VIII. Hemorrhoids.

LVIII They are either External, which being opened, diminishes the Plethora of the Part, and are of good Effect in Diseases of the internal Parts, &c. Or Internal.

LIX. Hemorrhoids are opened by Frictions, Fig-leaves, course Cloths, Juice of Onions, &c. If outward; but by sharp Clysters and Suppositories, &c. if in∣ward or blind; being opened, they help Diseases of the Bow∣els, Womb, Reins, Bladder, Joints, Liver, Spleen, Mesen∣tery, &c.

LX. Being suppressed, they are tumified and painful, of various Magnitudes and Colours, and in some not very much unlike a small bunch of Grapes; whence they have various Names.

LXI. If they swell and inflame, they are in danger to Gangrene; to prevent which, you must imme∣diately apply Leeches: And, if the Tumour be very great, you must apply many Leeches, by which a great quantity of Blood is to be drawn away; after the removing of the Leeches, to prevent Fistulating, you must foment for an hour or more with hot Red Wine.

LXII. If they suppurate and open, they may possibly leave a Fi∣stula in Ano, which is many times incurable, especially with∣out cutting: ℞ Juice of Mullein, Oil of Ben, Oil of Roses a. ℥ss. Yolk of Eggs N^o i. Honey, Turpen∣tine a. ʒij. beat them well toge∣ther, and keep it for use; apply∣ing it with Lint or Linnen Cloth, and give every day Electuarium Lenitivum.

IX. The Opening of Varix.

LXIII. It is done by Incision all along the Tumor, having first tied both ends: others, having found out the extent of it, divide the Skin at both ends, where having taken up the Varix, and tied it, they make Apertion in the middle, and then heal it as an ordinary Wound.

LXIV. But Scultetus says, both ways may prove unsuccessful, and therefore advises rather to the Application of Topical Reme∣dies.

CHAP. XX. DIVIDING of Closed PARTS.

I. Hydatis, a fat Substance under the Skin of the Ʋpper Eye-lid.

I. IF it proceeds from serous Hu∣mors, the Eyes look red, and flow with Tears, not being able to endure the Light. If it be old, and included in a Cistis, divide the Skin, and take it out; on which apply Whites of Eggs beat with Rose-water.

II. If it be recent, fasting Spit∣tle may remove it, or it may be fomented with a Decoction of Worm∣wood and Camomil Flowers; after which apply Empl. de Ranis cum Mercurio, or Diachylum with Gums, into which a little Sal Armoniack is put.

II. Hordeolum, Tumor like a Barley Corn.

III. It arises from thick Fleg∣matick Humors mixt with Blood; and is to be opened on the Inside of the Eye-lid, pressing out the Matter within; but some open it on the out-side; sometimes it is taken away by Application of a Plaster of Sagapenum.

III. Grando, the little round moveable Swelling.

IV. It arises on the Eye-lid, from a hard stony Matter: It is opened with a Lancet, and remo∣ved with its Cistis: Some mollifie and dissolve it, by applying Empl. de Galbano Crocatum Myn∣sichti; or a Plaster of Ammonia∣cum, or de Ranis cum Mercurio.

IV. Lagophthalmos, when the upper Eye-lid covers not the Eye.

V. It may be caused either In∣ternally, by ill Conformation; or Externally, by Wounds, Burns, &c. If by the last ways, it is incu∣rable.

VI. If by the former, divide the Skin of the Eye-lid like a half Moon, with the Horns in this man∣ner ☽; keeping the Edge of the Incision open, and cure it as a green Wound; but in Cutting, beware of the Gristle.

VII. Others use the Dry Stitch, with Emplastrum Glutinos. lay∣ing on a Plaster on the Eye-lid; and another pretty low on the Cheek, that the Indents of each may answer; and then stitch them together, by which the Eye-lid will be drawn down to cover the Eye.

V. Ectropion, the lower Eye-lid fallen down.

VIII. If it be so fallen down as it cannot be shut (which often happens to Aged People) it is curred by the Dry Stitch, as the former, only the one Plaster is there to be laid upon the lower Lid, and the other above the Eye-brows.

IX. The same observe if the upper Eye-lid be relaxed, so that it keeps shut, and cannot lift it self up.

X. This Emplastrum Glutino∣sum is thus made: ℞ Dragons∣blood, Frankincense, Sarcocol, Ma∣stich, a. ʒ ij. make a Pouder, which mix well with Whites of Eggs, to the thickness of Honey, as Scultetus has taught.

VI. Hypopion, Matter between the Horny and Grapy Coat.

XI. It arises either from Inter∣nal or External Causes, as Inflam∣mations, Blows, Bruises, &c. After Universals premised, use Cup∣ping, with Scarification, Dige∣stives, and Anodyn Collyriums.

XII. When it is come to Matter, you must open the Cornea at the

Iris; then press out the Quitter, and cleanse the Ulcer with Hy∣dromel, or some such like.

VII. Tongue tied.

XIII. Some Children are born Tongue-tied, whereby they are de∣prived, first of Sucking, then of Speaking: This is remedied by cutting the String of the Tongue transverse, with a pair Scissars, and besmearing it afterwards with Honey of Roses, three or four times a day.

XIV. In Cutting, the neighbour∣ing Parts and Veins must be care∣fully shunned; for sometimes the Nerve of the sixth Pair, or its Branches, run so near the string, that a deep Incision may easily do much hurt, and bring upon the Patient sad Accidents.

XV. But there is not one Child of an hundred, scarcely of two hundred, which needs this manual Operation: And those Midwives are Ignorant, who in all new∣born Children forthwith dila∣cerate this Fraenum or String, whereby the Parts being hurt, evil Symptoms succeed, and sometimes death.

VIII. Cutting the Gums of In∣fants.

XVI. The Gums in Infants are sometimes long in Cutting, where∣by Death oftentimes ensues: if extremity urge, make a gentle Apertion with your Incision-Knife; so may you haply save the Life of a Child, which other∣wise would be lost.

IX. Growing together of the Fingers and Toes.

XVII. If the Fingers and Toes grow together, whether Naturally, or by Accident, you must divide them with an Incision-Knife, (un∣less conjoin'd by Nerves, Tendons, or Arteries) then strew them with some Astringent Pouder, laying over Cloths dipt in the white of an Egg, beaten with Rose Water and Oil of Earth∣worms, after which, perform the Cure, as in other Wounds.

XVIII. Where note, that in this and in all such like Operations, use preparatively, general Eva∣cuations.

X. Cutting of a Wry Neck.

This, though it is not a closed Part, yet is a contracted Part, and may well enough have place in this Chapter.

XIX. This Operation is per∣formed after two manners: The first is done by the Hook, the other without it.

XX. The Wry Neck is caused from the Contraction of one of the Muscles of the lower Jaw, called Musculus Latus, or Quadratus, which arises from the upper part of the Sternum, Clavicula, and Acromium, and is inserted into the inferior Jaw, and firm∣ly fixed in the middle of the Chin.

XXI. But where is this Muscle is very broad, so, seldom or never is it contracted in its whole Lati∣tude, but sometimes more for∣ward, sometimes more backward,

and sometimes more laterally, and accordingly the Seat of the Chord appears.

XXII. Adjacent to this Chord, are the Jugular Veins, the Ar∣teriae Musculae, the Recurrent Nerves, and Nerves of the hinder∣most Branch of the seventh Pair arising from the Neck.

XXIII. These in Cutting, ought all (if possible) to be avoided: chiefly the Jugular Veins, because of the mighty Flux of Blood, endangering the Patients Life: Also the Recurrent Nerves (which spring from the external Branch of the Par Vagum;) for that if they be wounded, or cut asunder, the Voice is lost, and the Crea∣ture becomes dumb.

XXIV. Now this Contraction seems for the most part to be in the Tendons of the Quadratus, chiefly where it is joined to the Clavi∣cula; but, by reason of the ex∣ceeding shortning thereof, the Muscle (in length) seems to be a continued Chord.

XXV. This Chord in many Persons (especially if grown into Years) becomes not only very hard, but perfectly Cartilaginous or Gristly: So that in Cutting, its hardness has caused a kind of cracking noise.

XXVI. The Cutting of a Wry Neck by the Hook. You must carefully avoid all the before-named Vessels, and make a Trans∣verse Apertion of the Skin over the Chord, about an Inch or somewhat more on each side; then with a Hook (made of Steel for this purpose) being put under the said Chord, you must gently pull the contracted part forth, which must immediate∣ly be cut compleatly through by an Incision-Knife, advising the Patient the while to hold his Neck up.

XXVII. This done, you must heal it as a Green-wound, com∣mitting withal the Sick to his Bed. This is the old Butcherly way, which puts the Patient to great pain and danger; and withal, a long Cure.

XXVIII. The Cutting of a Wry Neck, by a new way, without the Hook. Here you must strongly take hold of the Chord with your Thumb and Fore-finger, with which feeling for the Vessels (chiefly the Jugular Vein, whose Approximate is the Recurrent Nerve) you must carefully thrust it by, Then having fast hold of the Chord with your Thumb and Finger, you must warily thrust in your Incision-Knife, as it were beyond the Chord, and just above your Fingers; then making the Patient hold up his Head, the Chord will be a cut asunder, the outward Skin remaining whole; thus will the work be done, with no more but a prick appearing outwardly, and the Wound will be well in about twenty four hours, without any effusion of Blood.

CHAP. XXI. DIVIDING of BONES.

I. Trepaning, or Perforation.

I. WHere it is needful to apply the Trepan, it ought to be done as soon as possibly it may; viz. on the third, fourth, or fifth day, lest the putrefying Blood should cause greater E∣vils, but to know whether it be needful to be applied or not, is our first enquiry, because it is an Operation of great danger.

II. It is of great Ʋse when the Bones are very foul; but of great∣est use where ill Symptoms fol∣low a Fissure, or Fracture of the Skull, or a Contusion.

III. Yet a Fissure, or a Fracture, simply considered, require not the Trepan, as an Instrument without which they cannot be Cured: and a slight Contusion does not al∣ways cause such dangerous Symptoms as that Operation of Trepaning does; a small quan∣tity of extravasated Blood, be∣ing oftentimes in strong People discussed by the strength of Na∣ture it self.

IV. Now as Blood is oftner ex∣travasated between the Dura Ma∣ter, and the Pia Mater, than in other places; so there the Trepan can do but little good; but in this Case Barbett would advise to di∣vide the Dura Mater; for that Experience has evinced, that by the help of Art, an Incision, yea a Gangrene of the Part it self has been Cured.

V. So that for the most part, the Trepan is required but in three cases; 1. Where the loose pieces of the Bones prick and wound the Meninges. The signs are a con∣tinual pricking pain, from the very moment of hurt (if the Sick be sensible, if not, he is al∣ways feeling the Part affected with his Hands:) There are likewise Contortions of the Membranes of the Eyes, and Con∣vulsions of the Limbs; to which add, the Quality of the Instru∣ment making the Fracture.

VI. 2. Where the first Table is only depressed, but the second bro∣ken, there being no way to remove the pieces how well soever separa∣ted, but by this of Trepaning. The signs are Dimness of Sight, Gid∣diness, Fever, Vomiting, fee∣ble Pulse, especially about the Temples, and sometimes an A∣poplexy.

VII. 3. Where there is an Ex∣travasation of Blood, upon which follows Putrefaction, and if not soon remedied, Death. The signs are a Continent Fever, Head in∣flamed, Restlesness, unquiet Sleep, Watchings, Inflammati∣ons of the Eyes, and a light Delirium: And if the Sick be Sanguine, there are also Laugh∣ing, Talxing idly, Redness of the whole Face: If Cholerick, Yellowness of Face and Eyes, great Heat, Madness: If Fleg∣matick,

the Symptoms are less, but accompanied with a Palsie or Apoplexy: If Melancholick, there are Fear, Laughing, and Impertinent Talk.

VIII. The manner of Trepaning is thus; the Hair being shaved, let the Skin be divided with a double Incision in form of a Cross, to the Pericranium, avoid∣ing with the greatest diligence always the Temporal Muscles, and Sutures of the Head.

IX. This done, bind up the Wound, unless the Haemorrhage be small (which sometimes is so vio∣lent as to hinder the Artist for some days from his Work) if it will then give leave, divide the Pericranium from the Skull: After a few Hours (the Skull being bare of the Pericranium) let the Patient be well placed, his Head firmly held, and his Ears stopt with Cotton.

X. Then set on the Trepan with a Pin, which ought neither to be upon the Fracture, nor the Su∣tures, (as some have done it) and holding the Instrument with the Left Hand, with the right gent∣ly turn the Trepan about, till it has taken good hold round; now take out the Pin, and set on the Trepan again without it, moving it still about.

XI. If there be any filings of the Skull, take off the Trepan, and wipe them away; the Trepan you may sometimes Oil, that it may go the easier: and sometimes wet it with Water, that it may not grow hot.

XII. If Blood appears, be sure the Trepan has past the first Ta∣ble, after which you must have greater care, lest it unawares should slip in, and wound the Meninges, from whence often∣times follows sudden Death.

XIII. The Dura Mater invests the inside of the Skull, in the same manner as the Pericranium doth the outside, but is not so strongly joined to it, but that a Fall or Blow may easily separate them.

XIV. The piece of Bone sepa∣rated by the Trepan, beginning to be loose, with a little Instrument, viz. the Levatory put in between the Skull and the Trepan, free it from the hole, and take it out with a pair of Forceps.

XV. If any inequality yet re∣main in the inside of the inward Table, which may hurt the Me∣ninx, take it away with the Len∣ticular, or Scraper. The coa∣gulated Blood and Matter take away with Spunges, Lint, &c.

II. Scraping, Filing and Sawing.

XVI. Parts of the Bones are removed by Scraping, which is of use in Fissures and foul Bones, as also in the Teeth, being crusted over with a Blackish, Tartarous Substance. The Bones are to be scraped till you come to the sound Part, which is white and solid; upon the Bone thus scra∣ped, strew some Pouder.

XVII. But before you go about this Operation, you must separate the Pericranium and Periostium; for they are no ways to be touched with Instrument, nei∣ther the Lips of the Wound.

XVIII. 2. By Filing. This is chiefly used to the Teeth, when

they stand unnaturally, either too high, or too far forth.

XIX. 3. By Sawing. It is done with a Saw in a mortified Part, of which we shall speak when we come to Amputation.

III. EXAERESIS.

CHAP. XXII. BIRTH of a Living CHILD.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Exaeresis; de∣tractio, evulsio (ab 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 evello, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ca∣pio) is that which teaches the way and manner of removing, or taking away things hurtful; the chief of which are, 1. The Li∣ving Birth. 2. A Dead Child. 3. The Secundine, or After∣birth. 4. A Mola. 5. The Caesarian Birth. 6. The Stone in the Bladder. 7. Teeth. 8. Bullets, Arrows, Thorns, Bones. 9. Urine stopped: Of all which in their order; and first of the Birth of a Living Child.

II. The time of Travail being come, known by the breaking down of the Water, unusual and strong Pains, and other Signs, the Wo∣man is to be put into a fit po∣sture, some put them to a Stool, (made on purpose, but now of little use) others put them on their Knees; some cause them to lean on Womens Shoulders; some to sit on Womens Laps; and others to lye on a Bed or Pallet.

III. Let her not strive till strong Pains come upon her, then let the Midwife put up her Hand, being first anointed with Oil of Roses, or rather with this. ℞ Oil of Ben, or of Bitter Almonds ℥j. Oil of Savin gut. 30. mix them. Then when the Thro's come strong and quick, and Nature helps forward the Ex∣pulsion, with her Hand, let her draw away the Child.

IV. But if she proves faint and weak, give her some Cordial Julep, as this; ℞ Black Cherry Water ℥iijss. strong Cinnamon Wa∣ter ℥j. Confectio Alkermes ℥ss. Syrup of Citron Peels ʒvj. mix them. Or this: ℞ Black Cherry Water ℥iv. Spirit of Saffron and Angelica, a. ℥ss. Syrup of Citron Peels ʒvj. mix them, of which give now and then a Spoonful, two, or three, as you see need.

V. If the Travail be slow, you may hasten it by giving this: ℞ Aqua Elementaria (the ma∣king of which you will have in the Pharmacopoeia following)

℥iv. Tincture of Saffron ℥j. Tinct. of Castor ℥ss. Juice of Penny-royal ʒiij. mix, and sweeten with double-refined Sugar; of this give her a Spoonful or two of∣ten.

VI. Or in place of the former, you may give this: ℞ Borax ℈ij. Saffron, Salt of Amber, a. ℈ss. mix, being in Pouder, give them in a Glass of White-wine. Or this: ℞ Pouder of the Livers and Galls of Eels ℈j. Borax in fine Pouder, Saffron, a. ℈ss. mix for a Dose, to be given as aforesaid. But before these things be given, you must be sure that the Child is in a right posture.

VII. If the Head offers it self right, with its Face towards the Anus, receive it, if otherwise, endeavour to place it right: then turn your Fingers round a∣bout gently, thereby to make way for the Birth.

VIII. If it comes any other way, endeavour to gain the Feet, and bring it away, which is then more certain than the Head; but be sure the Childs Face is right.

IX. If the Birth be slow, give the aforesaid Medicines, or the Pulvis partum provocans, with a Spoonful of Cinnamon Water, mixt with a little Spirit of Ca∣stor.

X. If the Labour has been long and hard, give Sperma Ceti ʒj. in a draught of Julepum Rosa∣tum, Morning and Night: being in Bed, keep her quiet for a Week.

XI. If she has Gripings, anoint the Lower Parts, and indeed all the Belly, with Oil of Amber, applying warm Flannel very hot over the same, moistned with the said Oil.

XII. If those Gripings be ex∣tream, give the Liquor Vitae Ano∣dynus, (see Our Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, Lib. 4. Cap. 11. Sect. 11.) to a quarter of a Spoon∣ful, in a Glass of Sack.

XIII. I have often used the Oil of Amber, and this Liquor Vitae, in this Case, and in all Af∣ter-pains, with admirable suc∣cess, yea when the hope of Life has been past, which, as a grate∣ful acknowledgment of the Goodness of God, I now here publish.

XIV. The Child being Born, bring away the After-birth, (as we shall hereafter teach) and in this, trust not to the string, but ra∣ther, by it being directed, put up your Hand gently; and lay hold on the Secundine, and bring it away gently; for doubt∣less the Hand may easily go up, where the Body of the Child comes out.

XV. If she goes not to Stool after three days, give a Clyster made of near a Pint of Milk, in which about two Spoonfuls of Sugar is dissolved and strained.

XVI. The Child is to have the Navel-string tied with a double twine-thred, a full Inch from the Belly, some say two: About an Inch from which Ligature it is to be cut off.

XVII. But if the Child be weak, first put the Blood back towards the Belly, then tie it. After the Se∣ction, apply a double Linnen Cloth dipt in Oil of Roses.

XVIII. After which you may

either cleanse the Child with dry Cloths, or wash it with Water warmed, mixt with Red Wine.

XIX. If the Child has Fainting Fits, give it two, three, or four drops of Blood squeezed out of the Navel-String, in a Spoonful of Breast Milk.

XX. Otherwise, let the first thing which is given to the Child, be Magistery, or Pouder of red Coral, gr. x. or Pouder, or Ma∣gistery of Mans Skull, gr. x. or Pulvis Epilepticum Mynsichti gr. x. mixt with as much white Sugar Candy, and so exhibited with a little Breast Milk.

XXI. Authors say, these things prevent the Child for ever having Convulsion Fits, or the Falling∣sickness.

XXII. If the Child has Gripings, give fine Pouder of Aniseeds to ℈i. in some Pap, &c. and increase it till the Child goes well to Stool; it has excellently succeeded in Children, till they have been a quarter or half a Year old.

XXIII. If the Labour has been long and hard, give Irish Slate ad ʒi. or Sperma Ceti ad ℈ij. in a draught of Camomil Posset∣drink, which she may take Morning, Noon and Night: Or this; ℞ Irish Sl•…•…e, Sperma Ceti a. ℈i. Borax, Saffron in Pouder a. ℈ss. mix for a Dose.

CHAP. XXIII. BIRTH of a dead CHILD.

I. AS a dead Child is to be removed by Manual Ope∣ration, so also a living on, if it be too big, or the Passage is too streight, or that it cannot pos∣sibly be turned, or it be too weak, so as it cannot help it self.

II. Let the Woman be put into a fit Posture also, as we have ad∣vised for that of a living Child, Chap. 22. Sect. 2. aferegoing; and at that time when the Woman finds strong Pains coming upon her; then, your hands being first anointed, by Sect. 3. Chap. 22. put them up, and draw forth the Birth.

III. But if this proves vain, you must then use Instruments, though terrible and difficult, the chief of which is the Hook, as the expert Scultetus has taught us.

IV. This is a dreadful Opera∣tion; but it is better to save one Life, than to lose two; my ad∣vice therefore is, That the Ar∣tist be not too rash in doing this Work, but to be sure that the Child is dead, and then to do it as carefully and tenderly, in respect of the Woman, as he can.

V. The Signs of a dead Child. If the After-birth be excluded

before the Child, and if Water and stinking Matter flow from the Womb, and the Child falls heavy on the side when the Wo∣man turns; these are Signs the Child is dead.

VI. If the hand, being dipt in warm Water, be laid on the Wo∣mans Navel, and Cordials be given the Mother, and yet nei∣ther she, nor they, feel it move, the Death of the Infant may be suspected.

VII. If the Mothers Face grows pale, her Breath stinks, the lower Parts of her Belly, and extream Parts grow cold; and there be Pains of the Head, Fever and Fainting, or Convulsions and Delirium; the Child is more than to be feared dead, and 'tis possible, the Mother will not long continue.

VIII. The Causes. They are generally, debility of the Expulsive Faculty, the over greatness of the Child, or the posture of its lying in the Womb, not being right: to which add, thickness of the Mem∣branes of the Womb, straitness of the Passages, and weakness of the Mother, or Child.

IX. Another Cause may be, the Childs Head coming with its Face towards the Mothers Belly, and so stopping against the Os Pubis; in this Case the Child cannot be delivered, except the Head be a little raised, and the Birth be turned towards the Back, in its due Posture: To which add, the Bunchings in of the Verte∣brae of the Os Sacrum, which where it is found, 'tis scarcely possible for a live Child to be brought forth.

X. If therefore the Child be dead, it must immediately be ex∣tracted, lest the Life of the Mo∣ther also be lost: And this must be done by Manual Operation.

XI. The Hook is to be fixed to some part of the Head, as Ears, Eyes, Mouth; if that cannot be done, you must fix it where you can, always taking care in drawing, that, if the Hook should slip, you may neither of∣fend the Womb, nor Neck there∣of.

XII. The Child being thus brought away, you must put up your Hand, and bring away the Se∣cundine, or After-birth.

XIII. If an Arm or Leg be forth, and it cannot be returned to stay, the Arm must be taken off, if possible, at the Shoulder: The Leg, as high as may be, at Knee or Hip, and then you must six your Instrument, where you can easiest fix it fast, or secure from slipping, &c.

CHAP. XXIV. EXTRACTION of the SECUNDINE.

I. IT is called in Greek, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; in Latin, Secundas & Secundinas; in English, the Secundine and After-birth.

II. It consists of two Parts, 1. Placenta Ʋterina, or Hepar Ʋterinum, the Womb Cake, or Womb Liver. 2. Membranae, the Membranes which circumvolve the Child in the Womb.

III. The Placenta resembles the form of a Cake, and is knit both to the Navel, and to the Chorion, and makes up the greatest part of the Secundine, or After-birth.

IV. The Flesh of it is like that of the Liver or Spleen, soft, and of a blackish red, and has very many small Veins and Arteries in it, and certainly the chief use of it is, for the firmer containing the Child in the Womb, and through its Vessels to convey to it its Nutriment.

V. The Membranae are three∣fold, 1. The Chorion, which is the outwardmost Membrane, which involves the whole Foetus. 2. Allantoides, which is the mid∣dle Membrane involving the Foetus: And, 3. Amnios, which is the inmost Membrane, which immediately contains the Child, not joined to the Chorion in any place, except where the Ʋmbi∣lical Vessels pass through them both into the Placenta.

VI. The After-birth has often∣times been unhappily left by Mid∣wives; sometimes wholly, and sometimes but in part, thereby destroying the Patient.

VII. It is removed Manually, thus: Put up your Hand, guide∣ing it by the String; which done, lay hold on the Secundine, removing it gently, and by de∣grees: After which put a Clo∣sure to the Woman, bidding her keep her Legs close, that it may be kept there, and cold prevent∣ed from entring into the Womb, which might then destroy the Woman.

VIII. After which, being laid in Bed, give her a little Water-Gruel, made of three parts of Water, and one of White Wine; or of Water and strong Beer.

IX. 2. By Medicine it is best done with Pulvis partum provo∣cans aforesaid, which for secu∣rity sake you may give, although before-hand, it was done Manu∣ally, lest any part or parts there∣of should be left behind.

X. Some commend this; ℞ Choice Myrrh, Venetian Borax a. ʒss. choice Saffron, Livers and Galls of Eels in pouder a. ℈ss. mix and make a pouder for two Doses. It is also said, that a Decoction of Squinanth with a little Saffron, and Juice of Camomil, has effe∣ctually brought away the Secun∣dine, and eased the Pain.

XI. To facilitate the Birth be∣forehand, and afterwards to ease the pain of the Parts hurt, you may anoint with this Oil: ℞ Oil of Ben. or Oil of sweet Al∣monds ℥i. Chimical Oil of Camo∣mil, or Fennel, gut. 80. mix them well by shaking.

CHAP. XXV. EXTRACTION of a MOLA.

I. AMola, or false Conception, is a Mass of Flesh with∣out Bones or Bowels; made thro' fault of the Seed, of one or both Sexes.

II. Signs. 'Tis known (but scarcely till the fourth Month is past) by a beating and trembling Motion, falling like a Stone to the part the Woman turns to.

III. And in this Disease the Belly is sooner great, and grows harder than in a true Birth or Con∣ception, and is much more trou∣blesom to carry.

IV. There is difficulty of Breath∣ing, pains in the Back and Groins, and no Milk in the Breasts, and the Substance the Woman goes with, is without any self-mo∣tion.

V. The Cause. It is mostly a defect in the Seed, with Weakness of the formative Faculty, either in its self, or from too much Blood flowing into the Womb; and therefore a Conception in the time of the Menses flowing, does many times prove a Mola.

VI. The Prognosticks. If it has been of long standing, as a Year or two, or more, the Cure will be very difficult: and if, upon the delivery of it, a great Hemor∣rhage follows, it is very dange∣rous.

VII. The Cure. 1. Medicinal. Purges ought to be given, and such as are strong, made chiefly of A∣loes, Scammony, and Colocyn∣this, and often to be repeated.

VIII. After which, you are to give such things as strongly provoke the Terms; for all such things expel a Mola.

IX. ℞ Myrrh, white Amber prepared, Borax a. ʒiij. Livers and Galls of Eels dried ʒij. Assa foetida, Saffron a. ʒi. mix, and make a Pouder. Dose ʒi. in a strong Decoction of Penny∣royal.

X. Also the Pulvis Partum provocans (which see in Our Pharmacopaeia Londinensis, Lib. 4. Cap. 21. Sect. 90.) given ʒi. at a time in Rhenish Wine, is an excellent thing; and these may also be of use for the bringing away of a dead Child.

XI. Zacutus gave this; ℞ Euphorbium ʒi. make it into a fine pouder, and with Syrup of Mug∣wort make it into Pills: These were given four times in the space of twelve days, being

given every day, three hours after Supper.

XII. And by the means of this Medicine (saith he) with great Labour and Pain, after the man∣ner of Childing Women, she voided eight Moles bigger than Hens Eggs; consisting of Membranes, with small Veins: After which, being Purged, she grew well. Zacut. Prax. admirand. Lib. 2. Obs. 145.

XIII. 2. Chirurgical. If these things do not, you must come to Manual Operation, which is per∣formed with the Griffins Talon, or the Hook; but with this Cau∣tion, that if it should chance to slip (as it easily may, where it is only a Lump of Flesh) you be very careful that you wound not, or hurt the Womb.

CHAP. XXVI. The CAESARIAN BIRTH.

I. THis is that which teaches the Extraction of the Foe∣tus out of the Womb by Section, where it cannot otherwise be delivered.

II. And if both Mother and Child be alive, it is so to be done as to respect both, that both may be saved; but if the Mother be dead, and the Child only alive, so as to save it.

III. It is a dangerous Operati∣on, yet has been many times suc∣cessfully done, even where both have been living; the Incision having been so made, to save both Mother and Child, and that several times on one and the same Woman, without preju∣dicing her Breeding again.

IV. If it be done on a living Wo∣man, it is not to be attempted, till all other means has proved un∣successful: Yet it must be before the strength be too far spent.

V. If the Mother be just ready to die, and the Child alive, the Chirurgian ought to be ready at hand, that the work may be im∣mediately performed, as soon as the Woman is dead, to save the living Child.

VI. There are several Causes why this Operation should be done, 1. Those which respect the Child: As, 1. Its being too fat and big. 2. When more than one are striving to come forth toge∣ther, one being dead, and lying in the others way. 3. When it is a Monster with two Heads, more Arms than usual, &c. 4. When dead, and putre••ed or rotten, or is wasted to Bones.

VII. 2. Those which respect the Mother; which are, 1. When the passages are too narrow, she having been Married too Young or too Old. 2. When the Parts by some Scar or Hurt are harden∣ed,

made narrow, or grown to∣gether. 3. When there is a large fleshy Excrescence in the Vagi∣na. 4. When the Os Pubis is grown unnaturally big, or stands out. 5. When there is a fleshy swelling within the Womb, or its Neck, &c.

VIII. Before you begin the Work, have in a readiness all your necessary Instruments; as a Pen and Ink to mark the place, an Incision-knife, four or five Needles threaded with Silk, three soft Spunges, several Bolsters of Cloth, a fourfold doubled Nap∣kin to put round about the Bel∣ly, and two Rowlers six Inches broad, to rowl the Belly, and stop the Blood.

IX. As to Medicines, these must be also had in a readiness. 1. De∣coctum Traumaticum, made only with Red Wine. 2. A Restri∣ctive Pouder, thus made: Take white Starch ʒxij. Olibanum, Mastich, a. ʒx. Rosin ʒvj. fine Bole, Catechu, a. ʒiv. Sanguis Draconis, Comfrey Roots, a. ʒij. make all into a fine Pouder, and mix. 3. A Vulnerary Balsam, as Balsam de Chili, Balsamum Vul∣nerarium, or some such like.

X. This done, and having con∣sidered the strength of the Woman, give her an Emollient Clyster to empty the Guts; let her also make Water to empty the Bladder, and give her a good Cordial, or a Glass of Wine, to fortifie her Spirits.

XI. Then mark the place you intend to open with Transverse Lines, the length of half a Foot; let the Woman lye on her Back near the edge of the Bed; let two strong Persons hold her, keeping her Legs close, laying a great Pillow under her Head; and let the soundest side be pitcht on, unless there be a Rup∣ture, for then that side is to be taken.

XII. But if the Woman be dead, take the place you judge fittest, which let be two or three Inches beneath, and on the side of the Navel, and as much from the Lower Part.

XIII. First cut open the Belly to the Fat, then through the Mus∣cles and Peritonaeum, till you see the Womb; having obtain'd it, open it in the middle, but with great care as to the Child, that it, nor its Bandage or Ligaments be not wounded, and then take forth speedily the Child, Secun∣dine, and Navel-string, deliver∣ing them to the Midwife.

XIV. If the Child be Weak, or Convulsed, sprinkle the Secun∣dine with warm Wine, and lay it to the Childs Belly.

XV. And if the Woman be yet alive, immediately wash the Womb with the before-named Decoctum Traumaticum, which will stay its Bleeding, and cleanse it from the Blood and Filth.

XVI. Presently after you must stitch up the Wound, as you stitch up a Hare-lip, only keep open a place with a Tent, in the most depending part; and lay over the afore-described Restrictive Pouder, mixt with the Whites of Eggs and Vinegar beat toge∣ther.

XVII. The Bleeding being thus stayed, heal the Wound at one In∣tention with the aforenamed Bal∣sam

de Chili, or Vulnerarium, or any other of like Nature and Properties.

XVIII. After the first, and so in the rest you are to use the Bol∣sters, and on them the Napkin, and then the Rowlers.

XIX. The Womb it self is not to be stitched, but to be healed by Injections, but such as may not hinder the Lochies, by which the Pain will be mitigated, Inflam∣mation prevented, and the Womb it self comforted and strengthened, and made able to expel its Recrements.

XX. The Tent is to be kept in t•…•… the great danger is over, and the usual Symptoms are vanished; and such Emplasters, &c. may be used, as are applied to other Wounds of the Belly.

XXI. Lastly, let her Diet be such as is used in other great Wounds and Ʋlcers of the Belly; as good strong Broths, Gellies, Chick∣ens, Poached Yolks of Eggs, Gravy of Mutton, Veal, &c. and more especially the last, to prevent her being costive, which if it should so happen, it must be remedied with Emollient Clysters.

CHAP. XXVII. CUTTING out the STONE.

I. THE Stone bred in Man's Body, is from a Tartarous Pituitous Matter, Saline and Earthy, arising from a peculiar Lapidescent or petrefactive qua∣lity, causing pain, obstruction of Urine, Fevers, and other Symptoms.

II. The Cause. It is from Tartar and Salt joined with a pro∣per Acid; this is apparent from the mixture of the Salt or Li∣quor of Flints (which contains Alcalious Salt joined with many Earthy or Tartarous Particles,) with an Acid, it presently causes a Coagulation, which turns into a hard Stone; and doubtless after the same manner it is, that Stones are formed in several Parts of our Bodies.

III. The Signs. The Ʋrine is Pituitous, White, Crude, and Troubled, suddenly adhering to the Ʋrinal; being sometimes Bloody, and sometimes with Sand or Gravel, and sometimes full of little Threads.

IV. It is oftentimes stopt, and when made, it is with great desire, beat, and pain, and a pain at the end of the Yard, which continues: There is great thirst, and a fre∣quent making of Urine, but with pain, and by drops.

V. The Patient often holds his Privy Part in his Hand, and is pressing the bottom of the Belly, and in the Region of the Belly a Weight is perceived, the Pati∣ent

(especially if young) sel∣dom making Water without go∣ing to Stool, and many times the Intestine falling out.

VI. But these, as they are the signs of the Stone, so they may be the signs of the Strangury, where there is no Stone, but only a Tartarous Slime, or Sand ob∣structing; therefore before you come to Cutting, you ought to be upon sure grounds, lest you put the Patient in peril of his Life to no purpose.

VII. Formerly they passed a Ca∣theter thro' the Ʋreter into the Bladder, then thrusting one or two Fingers into the Anus, they searcht for the Stone, and found its bigness. But this way is so very painful, that thro' fear, it is difficult to have it permitted.

VIII. But now the searching is after this manner, the Artist (who ought to have long Fingers) puts his Fingers up the Anus, and (the Patient being held in a manner upright) pressing upon the lower parts of the Abdomen or Flank, with his other Hand he forces the Stone upon the Fingers, if there be any, whereby he finds the certainty of its be∣ing, and the magnitude thereof.

IX. The Prognosticks. A crumb∣ling Stone is seldom dissolved, a hard Stone never to be wasted by Medicines; but sometimes it is so soft, that by the very Cathe∣rer it self, it may be broken to pieces in the Neck of the Blad∣der, and so brought forth.

X. If it be very small, it is ma∣ny times pist forth whole; if it sticks in the Ʋrethra, it cannot be removed without danger and great pain.

XI. If it sticks in the Tunicles of the Bladder, or grows to the su∣perficies of its interior Coat; it cannot be taken away by Secti∣on, without the Death of the Patient.

XII. And by so much as the Stone is greater, by so much is the Operation more dangerous and pain∣ful. But in Women, Stones of about the bigness of a large O∣live, a skilful Artist has taken out by dilatation, without any Incision at all.

XIII. The Cure. We speak not here of the Medicinal Cure, for that we refer you to the Third Edition of our Synopsis Medicinae, lib. 5. cap. 39. and 40. where we have handled the Matter at large; as also to Our Medicina Practica, lib. 1. cap. 19. where, as to that point, you may find plentiful satisfaction.

XIV. We treat here only of the Manual Operation, or the manner of taking them forth by Incision, for which there are several ways proposed by Authors, viz. 1. The Apparatus Minor. 2. The Ap∣paratus Major. 3. Apparatus Hy∣pogastricus, of all which in order.

XV. But before you begin this Work, you must have all your ne∣cessary Instruments in a readiness, as Catheters, Probes, Director, Incision-knife, Conductor, Spe∣cula, Lapidillum, Pincers, Small Hooks, Forceps, Spunges, Rags, Rowlers, &c.

XVI. For Medicines, 1. A Cordial; as ℞ Black Cherry Wa∣ter ℥vj. Our Aqua Bezoartica, Spirit of Angelica, a. ℥jss. Sy∣rup of Citron Peels, or Syrup of the Juice of Alkermes ℥ij. mix

them. 2. An Astringent Bath∣ing: ℞ Water Gal. iv. Self-heal bruised M. viij. Oak Bark lbjss. Catechu ℥viij. mix, and boil for an Hour, then strain out. 3. A∣stringent Pouders. 4. Balsam de Chili, and Balsamum Vulnera∣rium. 5. A Sticking Emplaster.

XVII. Before you begin the Ope∣ration, it will be also necessary that the Patient may have had a Stool, and made Water, leaping and jumping also a little before-hand; and if a Child, let him be well shaked by the Arm-pits, that the Stone may fall as much as may be to the Neck of the Bladder.

I. Apparatus minor.

XVIII. Lithotomia, by the Apparatus Minor. Let the Child, (for it is chiefly used to Chil∣dren) be placed on a soft Pil∣low, in a strong Mans Lap (af∣ter three, or four times jump∣ing from a fitting high place) tye both his Hands to the Soles of his Feet; and let two stand∣ers by hold each Knee, pulling them as far asunder as may be.

XIX. Then his Fingers being a∣nointed with Oil of Roses, let him take the first Finger of his Left Hand, or, if necessity requires, the two first Fingers, and thrust them up the Fundament, with his Right Hand let him gently compress the Parts above the Os Pubis, so that the Stone may slip down under the Os Pubis into the Pe∣rinaeum, which when brought thither by the aforesaid Fingers.

XX. Make an Incision with a sharp Knife, in the Left Side, be∣tween the Testicles and the Anus, near to the Suture of the Perinae∣um, cutting to the very Stone it self: If it comes not out of the Wound of it self, nor by the thrusting forth of the Fingers, which are in the Intestinum Re∣ctum, draw it out with a pair of Forceps, or which is better, with the Lapidillum or Spoon.

XXI. The Stone being taken out, and all the Ligatures loosed, apply Medicines stopping Blood, as Meal mixt with Bole, &c. then bind it up according to Art, taking care to consolidate it, as soon as possible, lest the Patient have a dropping of Urine through the Wounded Part.

II. Apparatus major.

XXII. The second way of Cut∣ting, called Apparatus Major. Put the Patient on a Table, be∣ing first bound, and held, as a∣bove: then through the Ʋre∣thra pass a Director into the Bladder to the Stone: After make an Incision, as aforesaid, in the hollow of the Director; put in the Conductor, taking the Director out; then pass through the Wound the Forceps or Lapidillum, or other fit In∣strument, by which the Stone may be both layed hold on, and drawn forth, not making use of the Fingers in the Anus, except great necessity urge it.

XXIII. If the Stone is bigger than the Orifice, so that it cannot come forth, the Wound must be in∣larged either by Incision, or the Di∣lator; or else the Stone must be broken in pieces by the Forceps, and so drawn forth in Parts; after this, dry, stop the Blood, bind up, and consolidate, as we taught before.

XXIV. But if the Wound be too great, give it a stitch, and put in a Silver Pipe two or three days; that thereby the concreted Blood, Slime, Tartarous Mat∣ter, and Sandy Urine may be compleatly brought forth, be∣fore the healing up.

III. Apparatus Hypogastricus.

XXV. Lithotomia by the Ap∣paratus Hypogastricus, which is the third way of Cutting. The man∣ner is thus: Let the Patient be laid and held fast, upon a Mat∣teress or Quilt; then let a Ser∣vant thrust his fore and middle Fingers one after another into the Anus, up the Intestinum Re∣ctum, to make the Stone rise as high as one can; this done,

XXVI. Let the Operator make Incision gently above the Groin, and on the side of the Linea Alba, to wit, in the Right Muscle a∣bove the Os Pubis, according to the Ductus of its Fibres, and by the assistance of the Lapidillum or Forceps, take forth the Stone.

XXVII. The bottom of the Bladder may without doubt be o∣pened without hurting the Parts of the Abdomen, because it is situ∣ated between the duplicature of the Peritonaeum: And the fuller it is of Urine, the more appa∣rent it will be.

XXVIII. The Cure is to be per∣formed as of Simple Wounds in the Abdomen; or you may other∣wise change the Method, ac∣cording as Symptoms are pre∣sent; and Experience has taught us, that Wounds of the Bladder are not Mortal.

XXIX. De Franco was the first that practised this Operation, which is called Apparatus Hypo∣gastricus, or the High Operation, because it is performed in the Hypogaster; and though he does not advise the doing of it, yet if there be a necessity for it, he says it is not impracticable.

XXX. If any one would practise this High Operation, it would be necessary for him to try many Ex∣periments on Dead Bodies, after the Water is taken out of the Blad∣der: Yet after all, by reason of the danger thereof, it is now quite out of use.

XXXI. The manner of perform∣ing these Operations in Women is the same, save the Fingers are not put into the Anus, but into the Vulva, where the Catheter and Director must be straight, and much shorter than those used for Men: But Stones are often drawn out of Womens Bladders as big as a Walnut, and that without Incision, only by for∣cing it with the Fingers.

XXXII. Note also, that where∣as at Sect. 23. above, advice is given to break the Stone with the Forceps, it may prove of ill conse∣quence to the Patient, if any bits of it remaining within, should be the occasion of its breeding again: In this Case therefore, it will be much better to make the Ori∣fice so wide at first, as that it may be taken out whole.

XXXIII. The Cordial afore∣prescribed, is to be given upon Fainting or Convulsions, or any kind of Sickness at Heart. The Astringent Bath is to put the Pa∣tient into, as soon as Cut, as

warm as he can endure it, in which he is to sit for some time, according to the Method of some Practisers. The Astringent Pou∣der is for stopping of the Bleed∣ing; and the other things, as Balsams and Emplaster, are after to be applied, according as the Intentions of the Cure require.

CHAP. XXVIII. DRAWING of TEETH.

I. THE Drawing of Teeth is generally occasioned from Pain, Rottenness, or Loosness of the Teeth: The Pain is caused by the hurt of the small Nerves, scattered about their Roots: Rottenness, from the Afflux of a sharp, corroding, or putrefactive Humour: And Loosness, from the weakness of the Parts holding.

II. The Signs are needless, un∣less to discover the Causes. If it be from hot Humours or Causes, the Pain is more vehement and intense, and the Habit of the Body is hot; with a sense of heat in the Part, and Inflamma∣tion of the Gums, wherein hot Remedies encrease the Pain, but cold things give ease.

III. If from a cold Cause, or Humours, the pain is more obtuse and dull, with a kind of heaviness in the Part, and the other Symptoms present, are all opposite to the former.

IV. If from Worms, the pain is by fits, soon ceasing, and as soon returning; and some∣times the Motion of the Worms is perceived in the part.

V. If from sharp and corrosive Humours, the Pain is very vehe∣ment and biting; sometimes there is a solution of Continuity, and the Teeth seem to be eaten away, and sometimes to be hol∣low.

VI. The Prognosticks. When the Gums and Cheeks begin to swell, the pain usually goes away: If it be from hot and sharp Humours, the pain is the shorter; but if from cold Humours, it is (tho' gentler, yet) of longer continu∣ance: If the Teeth be hollow or rotten, there will be no absolute Cure without pulling out.

VII. The Cure. Whether it pro∣ceeds from a hot, or a cold Cause, Purging with proper Catharticks is good: If from a hot Cause, you may Purge with Pil. Cochiae, our Family Pills, or Extract of Cassia, because it derives from the Head by the Reins.

VIII. Behind the Ears apply Vesicatories, and sometimes they are profitable to derive, being ap∣plied to the Scapulae, or Nape of the Neck: So also Cups with Scarification; and if the Body is bound, an Emollient or Ca∣thartick Clyster is to be exhi∣bited.

IX. After Purging, give every Night of our Laudanum, gr. ij. ad iv. or vi. to thicken the Humour, stop the Flux, and give ease of the Pain.

X. Outwardly, you may give them to hold in their Mouth gr. iv. of our Laudanum tied up in a Rag; or a little bit of Sal Prunellae, which gives immediate ease.

XI. The Flux being stayed, you may discuss the Swelling, by bathing with Powers of Amber outwardly, on the Cheek and Jaw, and hold∣ing in the Mouth this mixture: ℞ Powers of Aniseeds or Cara∣ways ʒss. Carduus Water, or A∣qua Elementaria ʒi. mix them.

XII. Sometimes the Pain has been cured by Sternutatories, and Errhines, prudently applied.

XIII. If there be a Flux of Corrosive Humours falling upon the Teeth and Jaws, viz. a sharp Catarrh; after Universals have been given; Laudanum, à gr. ij. ad vi. must be given every Night to stop the Flux, and in the Mouth, the following may be chewed.

XIV. ℞ of the best Tobacco, round Birthwort-roots, Gentian, a. ʒi. Roots of Pyrethrum, Sal Prunellae, a. ʒss. mix, and tie them up in a Rag, to be chewed in the Mouth. Let it be first steeped a little while in Vinegar, and then chewed, it commonly Cures at first or second using.

XV. If it be caused from a cold Distemper; first, you must Purge with Phlegmagogues; avoid the cold Air, and bathe the external Parts of the Jaws and Cheeks, with Powers of Amber.

XVI. In the Mouth let them hold this Mixture: ℞ Powers of Aniseeds ʒi. Guttae Vitae ʒij. Aqua Bezoartica ℥i. black Cherry-water ℥ij. mix them.

XVII. And at Bed-time cause them gently to Sweat, with Our Volatile Laudanum, given à gr. ij. ad vj. After which, the next Morning, give this Mixture; ℞ of Our Tinctura Mirabilis ℥ss. Aqua Bezoartica ℥i. black Cherry or Poppy-water ℥iss. mix them for a Dose.

XVIII. If they be hollow, or have Worms, you may stop them with this: ℞ Tobacco in fine Pouder ʒj. Turpentine q.s. mix, and make small Pills, which put into the hollow place: If this does no good; you must either burn them in the Ears; or stop them with Lint dipt in Chymical Oil of Cloves, Camphir, Hasle, or Box; or you may make up the Lint into a Pill with our Volatile Laudanum; which being put into the hollowness, is to be kept there for some days.

XIX. If all these do nothing, you must then come to drawing of the painful Tooth. The Gums must first be opened with the Fleam, and the Flesh loosned round about the Tooth.

XX. This done, you must with Piercers, half Piercers, Punches, or a Pellican, lay hold of the Tooth, and with a wary and gentle kind of forcing, bring it forth: After which, if it Bleeds much, you must stop it with this Pou∣der: ℞ burnt Alum, Catechu a. ʒj. Sanguis draconis, fine Bole, dried Blood a. ʒss. mix them.

CHAP. XXIX. DRAWING out Extraneous THINGS.

I. THIS has relation to Ex∣traneous Things, which may be Force, or other Accident, be gotten into Wounds, or any Ca∣vernous Parts of the Body; as Bullets, Arrows, Splinters, Thorns, &c. into Parts Wound∣ed or Lacerated; Fish-bones, and other things sticking in the Throat, &c.

II. Bullets. If it be of Lead, and difficult to find, or not easie to come forth, it will be best to Cure the Wound without Ex∣tracting it.

III. But if it be near to the part where it did enter, (putting the Sick, as near as may be, in∣to the Posture he was in when wounded) seek out the Bullet with your Finger or Probe, then with blunt Hooks (to lift aside the Vessels) and hollow For∣ceps, draw forth the Bullet, &c.

IV. But if it be near to the op∣posite Part, you must cut it out there, lest it be injurious to draw it out the way it went in.

V. Arrows. These, if barbed, are very hard to be got out, unless they be in sight, and are for the most part taken forth on the oppo∣site side; but then it ought to be done with great care, with respect to Veins, Arteries, and Lymphaeducts.

VI. Splinters. If deep in the Flesh, are either to be taken forth with attractive Emplasters, or Cataplasms, or otherwise the Flesh must be opened with a Lancet or Incision-Knife; and so they are to be taken forth with a Pair of Pliers, or For∣ceps.

VII. Thorns. These being sel∣dom deeper than Skin-deep, are either drawn forth with a Cata∣plasm of Common Soap mixed with Chalk, and applied; or other∣wise the Skin opened with a Needle, and so pickt forth.

VIII. Pieces of Iron, and pieces of Garments. These are easily taken forth with proper Instru∣ments, if they be in sight: o∣therwise more difficulty; yet when once the Wound comes to digest, they are many times cast out by Nature.

IX. Fish-bones, or other things sticking in the Throat. If they are to he seen, they may be taken out with a pair of Forceps; if not, let them be thrust down with a small Whale-bone made fit, of about 14 or 16 Inches long; so as the end to be put down may be thick, and growing smaller by degrees to the other end.

X. Pins, Needles, &c. If they may be seen, may also be taken forth with a pair of Forceps; but if not, the best way will be to drink warm Water and Oil, and to provoke Vomiting with a Feather put down the Throat.

XI. Extraneous Things got into the Nose. Inject Oil of sweet Almonds, and afterwards pro∣voke Sneezing with proper Ster∣nutatories: Breathe also strong∣ly.

XII. If into the Ears. Stop both Nose and Mouth, and then strain by Breathing: If they cannot be so removed, use Forceps, Ear∣pickers, blunt Hooks, &c. If yet these cannot be used, the Pas∣sage is to be cut a little with an Incision-Knife, to make way for the Instrument: If Creeping things be got in, kill them, by dropping in Oil of Wormwood, and Vihegar.

XIII. If into the Eyes. If they be small, by blowing the Nose strongly the Eye will be cleared; otherwise they may be wiped out with a fine Spunge: If they stick fast, they must be pulled out with a pair of Pliers, or picked forth with a Needle; washing the Eye afterwards with some proper Ophthalmick Water; and if much wounded, dressing it with Our Balsamum Ophthal∣micum, &c.

CHAP. XXX. URINE STOPPED.

I. URine is stopped either by the Stone, or by some Tartarous Matter sticking in the Passages of the Ʋrine, which hin∣ders its coming forth; which lat∣ter is commonly called the Ischu∣ria, and of which we have dis∣coursed in the Third Edition of Our Synopsis Medicinae, L. 5. C. 49.

II. If the Obstruction be made in the Reins or Ʋreters, where no Instrument can come, nor any Manual Operation be done, you must then have recourse only to Medicaments.

III. This Cause, whether of the Stone or Strangury, is from a Tartarous Matter heaped up in the Reins, and falling into the Pas∣sages of the Ʋrine; the way of making of which we have dis∣coursed of in Chap. 27. Sect. 2. aforegoing.

IV. The Signs. If it be in the Reins, there is a heavy Pain, and Soreness in the Reins; if in the Ʋreters, (which are the Passages from the Reins to the Bladder) there is pain in the Flanks be∣low the Navel, to the Groin, and bottom of the Belly.

V. There is also Stoppage of Ʋrine, Sickness of Stomach, and many times Vomiting withal, a Heat and Pain in making of Wa∣ter, and in Men a Pain at the End of the Yard.

VI. If the Obstructing Matter be in the Bladder, it is known by the last enumerated Signs; but the Pain is more particularly and eminently at the end of the

Yard: And if the Sick stands upon his Head, he has present Ease and Relief, by reason the Stone falls from the place stopt.

VII. If it be in the Urethra, or Passage from the Bladder, it may be known by feeling, or searching, and sometimes a Swelling of the Part.

VIII. To distinguish whether it be a Stone, or Tartarous Matter that stops the Ʋrine: If Speci∣ficks remove the Obstruction, or bring away Slime and Pus, there possibly may be no Stone; but if no Relief comes, a Stone is to be feared.

IX. In the Bladder, or Urethra, it is known by searching, either with a Wax-Candle, or a Ca∣theter, or the Gripe, which is the surer way.

X. The Prognosticks, If it be a Stone in the Reins, it is uncura∣ble, unless small; so also in the Ʋreters: If in the Bladder, and large, only by Cutting: So also if it be lodged in the Ʋrethra, without which, nothing but Death can be expected.

XI. If it is Tartarous Matter, Sand or Gravel, it is more easily cured; and more easily in the Bladder, than in the Reins.

XII. If it be inveterate, the Cure is more difficult than if it be recent; so also in such as are weak, old, or decrepit: If the Stoppage is removed, and it often returns, it is so much the worse.

XIII. The Cure. 1. Medicinal. Among Vegetables, these things are most prevalent. Water distilled from Arsmart, drunk ad ℥vi, at a time. Parsley-water, also Water distilled from Onions in like pro∣portion: Bean-shell-water with Syrup of Violets, which is of good use: So also Grass-water.

XIV. Of Juices. The Juice of Pellitory of the Wall, or Syrup of the same Juice given ab ℥ij. ad ℥iv. Juice of Camomil given ad ℥iv. is famous, I know it by Experience: So also Juice of Onions given ℥j. ad ℥ij. in White Wine, and repeated. And in∣ferior to none, is the Juice of Winter-Cherries, given ad ℥j. or more, in White Wine, as afore∣said.

XV. Seeds. Those of Violets are said to be of excellent use, because, together with expelling the Stone, they are said to Purge, if used by way of Emulsion. Daucus Seeds given either in Pouder ad ʒss. or more; or in Decoction, are much commend∣ed: So also the Seeds of Grom∣well, Fennel, Parsley, Bishops∣weed, &c.

XVI. Berries. Juniper-berries provoke Urine powerfully; so also Bay-berries, whether in their Substance, as Pouder, Extract; or in their distilled Waters, Spirits, Oil, Potestates, &c.

XVII. Foecula's, Ashes. Tartar made into a Salt, or Oil per De∣liquium, and given ad ℈j. or ʒss. in Arsmart or Parsley-water, is an approved thing. Pot-ashes, Broom Ashes and Bean-stalk Ashes, drunk in White Wine, are of excellent use.

XVIII. Woods. The chief a∣mong Woods, is Lignum Nephri∣ticum; which being rasped, may be either given in Substance, in Pouder, or else in Infusion

in Water or Wine, which being used for some time, has done Wonders.

XIX. Gums. The chief a∣mong Gums are, Turpentines of all Kinds, Balsams de Chili, Co∣payba, of Gilead, Peru, and Tolu, Opium; the various ways of u∣sing th••m you may search out in Our Seplasium, lately emitted into the World.

XX. Among Minerals, these are f•• most use. 1. Nitre given in Pouder a ℈ss. ad ʒss. 2. Sal Prunellae, given in White Wine, sweetned with double refined Sugar. 3. Spar, given in fine Pouder ad ʒj. 4. Lapis Nephri∣ticus, given à ʒss. ad ʒj. in some proper Vehicle.

XXI. Mineral Spirits. The chief of these are Spirits of Salt, of Sulphur, of Vitri∣ol, of Nitre, Bezoardick Spirit of Nitre, Spirit of Alum. Tin∣cture of Lapis Nephriticus, made with rectified Spirit of Salt, the Stone being first poudered, and then both digested, till it makes a green Tincture.

XXII. Among Animals, these are esteemed. Egg-shells calcined, and given à ʒss. ad ʒj. which Medicine is said to be valuable before all other things: Hog-lice are in great estimation, being given in Pouder à ℈j. ad ʒss. or their Salt, à ℈ss. ad ℈j. So also the Pouder or Salt of Bees. Cochi∣nele in Pouder, ad ℈j. or ʒss. or its Tincture ad ʒj. given in Rhenish Wine, is said to be a gentle and pleasant Medicine, and of great Virtue. To these things add, the Pouder, Salt and Oil of Scorpions.

XXIII. Spirits from Animals. Spirit of Ʋrine, of Sal Armoni∣ack, and of Hartshorn, mixt with some proper Diuretick-Water or Tincture, and so taken. Spirit of Sal Armoniack given in Rhenish Wine, is said to be a Specifick: To which things add, Our Spiritus Ʋniversalis.

XXIV. But Crabs Eyes are thought to be inseriour to nothing that has yet been enumerated; they may be poudred, levigated, and given à ss. ad j. in Ar∣smart Parsley, Pellitory, or O∣nion Water, or in Rhenish Wine.

XXV. Among singular Com∣pounds, you may use these follow∣ing: ℞ Juice of Liquorice jss. which dissolve in Juice of Winter Cherries, q.s. Camphir ʒj. dis∣solved in S.V. q.s. Saffron ℈ij. Laudanum nost. ʒij. White-wine lbviij. mix, let it settle, and de∣cant the clear. Dose ℥iv. at Bed time.

XXVI. Liquor Nephriticus: ℞ of the Lynx-stone, Jews-stone, Hog-lice dried, Crabs eyes, Egg∣shells, a. q.v. dissolve in Spirit of Salt, filter the Solution, and di∣stil to driness; the Caput Mort. put into a Cellar, to dissolve per deliquium. Dose à gut. xij. ad xx. or xxx. in any proper Ve∣hicle.

XXVII. Sal Lithontripticus: ℞ Sal Prunellae, of Tartar, of Wormwood, a. ʒj. Volatil Salt of Amber ʒjss. mix them. Dose a gr. viij. ad ℈j. or ʒss. in White-wine or Saxifrage-wa∣ter.

XXVIII. Pulvis Nephriticus: ℞ Crabs eyes, Goats blood pre∣pared,

Calx of Egg-shells, a. ʒij. Lapis Judaicus, Nephriticus, Bone of a Pikes Head, Pouder of Winter Cherries, a. ʒjss. Grom∣well seed, Daucus seeds, Crystals of Tartar, Sal Prunellae, a. ʒj. mix, and make a Pouder. Dose ad ʒj.

XXIX. Julepum Nephriti∣cum: ℞ Julep of Roses lbj. Cinnamon Water ℥vj. Tartar Vi∣triolate ℈iv. mix them. Dose ad ℥ij. Or this: ℞ Tincture of Lignum Nephriticum lbj. Horse-radish Water lbss. Syrup of Corn Poppies ℥iij. Tartar Vitriolate ʒij. Pouder of Crabs eyes ʒiij. mix them.

XXX. Spiritus Antinephriti∣cus: ℞ Roots of Rest Harrow, white Saxifrage, a. ℥j. Liquo∣rice ℥ss. Goats blood dried, Crabs eyes bruised, Hog-lice, Nutmegs, Cinnamon, a ℥j. Saffron ℥ss. Cloves ʒij. Strasburgh Turpen∣tine ℥xvj. Spirit of Wine lbv. cut and bruise what are to be cut and bruised, mix, and digest together for 14 or 20 days; then distil in B.M. Dose, from one Spoon∣ful to two, in a Morning fast∣ing in Parsly or Arsmart Water, sweetned with a little refined Sugar; as much in the same man∣ner at Noon; and in like man∣ner at Night going to Bed.

XXXI. While these things are taking, you ought also to exhibit Emollient and Nephritick Clysters, Examples enough of which you have in Our Pharmacopoeia's Lon∣don, and Batean, and in some other of our Books. Or you may give this: ℞ Strasburgh Turpentine ℥j. Tolks of two Eggs, grind them together till they are well mixt; to which add Chicken Broth, White-wine, a. lbss. hot enough to be given for a Clyster; mix, and exhibit.

XXXII. But if after all, you find that none of these, or other pro∣per things will do; if it be in the Reins, you must commend the Patient to Heaven, to place his Hope there, since so little is left him to trust to upon Earth. But if by the Symptoms you find the Matter stopping be in the Blad∣der, or its Mouth, or in the Ʋ∣rethra, you must then apply your self to the following Manu∣al Operations.

XXXIII. If it be a Stone which is lodged in the Urethra, and will neither go backwards nor forwards, but sticks fast there, whereby the Passage of the Ʋrine is totally stopt; you must first try all fit means to educe it without In∣cision, as Emollient Oils, Oint∣ments, Fomentations and Baths, Injections of Oil, &c.

XXXIV. If those things will not do, you must come to Exten∣tion: The Ʋrethra is to be ex∣tended by Wind blown in, tying that part of the Yard beyond the Stone next the Pubes; whereby the Ʋrethra being di∣lated, the Stone may possibly with the Fingers be forced out.

XXXV. If this will not do, the next way is, by strongly Suck∣ing the Part; so that by draw∣ing the Breath very strongly, the Stone is drawn forth with it.

XXXVI. If this yet does not, you must endeavour to break the Stone by the help of a pair of For∣ceps and Probe, which many

times succeeds well enough, if the Stone is of a brittle substance; otherwise not.

XXXVII. But if none of these ways do, you must come lastly to Incision; tho' the place where it should be made, Authors contend much about: Some are for the Lateral Parts, lest if the lower Part should be cut, there be a new Passage for the Urine: O∣thers are for the Lower Part, lest the Nervous Part should be hurt.

XXXVIII. But both ways have been tried with Success, and found easie enough; yet sometimes the Lateral Apertion hurts Erecti∣on, as I observed once in one Patient; for which Cause I should rather chuse the Lower Part of the Ʋrethra.

XXXIX. Incision being made, the Stone is either to be pulled forth with a little smooth Hook, or pressed forth with your Fingers; after which, the Wound (whe∣ther of the Ʋrethra or Bladder) must be cured after the usual Method of Curing Wounds in those Parts.

XL. But if the Matter sticks not so fast in the Neck of the Bladder, but may be removed, or put back by Instrument, whereby the Urine may be drawn forth, we commend to you the use of the Catheter.

XLI. Now, because the Silver Catheter, by being put in by un∣skilful Hands, may sometimes hurt the Prostatae, or break the Semi∣nal Bladders, whereby an incura∣ble Gonorrhea is produced; we have for that cause, in this Cure, rejected it, and make choice of that of Helmont; which as it is infinitely more safe, so it fully answers all the ends which we require from it.

XLII. The Description of Hel∣mont's Catheter, as you find it in his Treatise of the Stone, Chap. 7. Because (says he) the little Silver Catheter, to bring forth Urine, is Cruel and Bloody, and much torments the Patient, it very much displeases me: And among many which I have tried, this which I have made of Lea∣ther, being as fit as harmless, I have chosen.

XLIII. I cause (says he) the Leather to be painted within, of a white Colour, made of Ceruse and Linseed Oil; which, when it is as it were dry, let it be made into a Pipe, by sowing it very smoothly upon a fit Brass Wire, so as the seam may not stick out: The one end of the Pipe is to be lesser than the other; the bigger end is so large, that the Pipe of a Syringe may be put into it, as often as one pleases, that by this means, any fit Li∣quor might be injected into the Bladder.

XLIV. This done, the whole Leather Pipe is besmeared with dissolved Glew, to strengthen it; which being dried, is over that painted with Ceruse, mixed with Linseed Oil; and this also, as well for the firmness of the Pipe, as to prevent it from being wet through, whereby it would grow weak and flaggy.

XLV. Now draw forth the Brass Wire, and fit another for the Pipe, made of Whale-bone; so will you have a Leather Catheter,

easie, thin, and flexible, which will not any ways hurt or pain the Patient in putting it in, al∣though it may be Fourty times put up into the Bladder in one day.

XLVI. This Catheter being put up into the Bladder, removes and thrusts in what lay in the Neck of the Bladder, or in the Mouth there∣of; which done, the Whale-bone is drawn out of the Pipe, and then the Ʋrine freely passes forth thro' it, without any stop or pain; and you may every time draw it out as you please. I know one, who by the means of this Instrument, caused a Lithontriptick Patient to make Water with ease, for Eight or Nine Months toge∣ther.

LXVII. The Ʋrine being emp∣tied, you may (if you so please) cast into the Bladder, by a Sy∣ringe, any proper Liquor, which you may think fit, to dissolve the Tartarous Coagulum, which makes the Obstruction; but it ought not to be of too sharp a Nature, nor what may any ways cause pain.

XLVIII. Lastly, you must note, that the Syringe must be fitted (before-hand) to the outmost end of the Catheter, that the whole Operation may be done neatly, and easily.

IV. APHAERESIS.

CHAP. XXXI. COUCHING of CATARACTS.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (ab 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, aufero) Aphaeresis is that which teaches how to take off, or remove any thing, which is su∣perfluous; and its Operations are chiefly, 1. The Couching of Ca∣taracts. 2. Amputation. 3. Cutting off Cancers. 4. Cut∣ting off Wens. 5. Cutting a Sarcocele. 6. Cutting off Warts and Corns. 7. Removing of Caruncles or Carnosities. 8. Re∣moving of Humours by Friction, by Bathing, by Sweating, and by Fasting.

II. A Cataract (whose Couch∣ing we here teach) is called in Greek, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; and in Latin, Suffusio; and it is a Congelation of Superfluous Humours, generating by little and little, a preternatural Mem∣brane between the Cornea and the Crystalline Humour, covering either wholly, or in part, the Pupil of the Eye, and so de∣stroying,

at least, hindring the Sight.

III. The Cause. It mostly ari∣ses from a pituitous Humour, ei∣ther gathered there from the weakness of the Eye, or transmit∣ted thither from the Brain, by reason of the abundant quantity.

IV. The Signs. Whilst it is re∣cent, or beginning, the Patient sees every thing double, and of various Colours, and as if many Flies were passing to and again before his Eyes, Nets, Clouds, and o∣ther things in the Air, nor can they easily endure the Light.

V. His Sight by degrees lessens, and things appear like dark Spots; after which, blindness follows.

VI. And if all that the Patient sees, seems to be perforated, or with holes, then the Cataract covers the Center of the Pupil; yet not the whole Pupil, but leaves round about the Sight a circular part free.

VII. If the Pupilla spreads it self, when you rub the Eye with your Fingers, it is yet imperfect; but if it remains unmoved, 'tis certain, that it is ripe for Couch∣ing.

VIII. The Differences. It is either Imperfect, when the Hu∣mour is thin and fluid, or the Apple of the Eye not totally co∣vered.

IX. Or it is Perfect, when the Humour is become a Membrane, or the Pupilla quite covered, so as all things seem dark.

X. Some Cataracts are white, some grey, some yellow, others lea∣den coloured, green or black, ac∣cording as yellow, green, or black Choler is mixed with the Humours.

XI. The Prognosticks. If it be imperfect, and in the beginning, it may easily be cured, by Medicines internally given, and externally applied; and so much the more easie, if it be in a sound Body, and a middle-aged Person.

XII. The less the Pupilla is dilated, the less hopes of Cure; and the nearer the Cataract is to the Crystalline Humour, the more dangerous it is.

XIII. Where you are certain that it is a Cataract, it will re∣main soft, till the end of the third Year; so that it will not be Couched, or follow the Needle; but after the Third or Fourth Year, it will be so firm, as to admit of Couching.

XIV. If when the Eye is turned to the Sun, the Patient shall see no glimmering or appearance of Light, he will then see no benefit from the Chirurgick Operation.

XV. If, in Couching, the Hu∣mours of the Eye be commixt by the Needle, though the Membrane be removed, the Blindness will re∣main: Yet I knew a young Girl, to whom this happened, that after some time, perfectly re∣covered her Sight again, and that without the use of any means.

XVI. If, in the Operation, you touch the Membrane called Re∣tina, the Patient will ever after that, see in the Air, Hairs, Flies, &c.

XVII. If some Blood is spilt in Couching, it is not dangerous, but will stop of it self.

XVIII. If the Cataract be not

altogether Couched, but broken or divided into several pieces, where∣by the sight does not perfectly return upon the Spot, yet many times, in six or eight Weeks after, it becomes perfect again.

XIX. The Cure. If the Cata∣ract is Imperfect, it is performed by Medicine: If Perfect, by Ma∣nual Operation only, all other means being Vain.

XX. In the Cure of the Imper∣fect, first Purge with Pilulae Cochiae, or Aggregativae, or ra∣ther with our Family Pills, which are inferior to no other Head Purge.

XXI. Strengthen the Stomach, by eating daily green Ginger, that especially which is brought to us, preserved in the East or West Indies, Caraway Comfits, Candied Orange and Citron-Peels, Candied Angelica.

XXII. Strengthen the Head with Conserve of Rosemary-flowers, and a constant taking the Hun∣garian-water inwardly, Morn∣ing, Noon and Night, in any pro∣per Vehicle, which ought to be continued for some considerable time.

XXIII. Outwardly Bath the whole Head with the Powers of Amber, Morning and Night, or rather with this Mixture: ℞ Powers of Amber, of Limons, of Rosemary, ana ℥j. mix them to Bathe with.

XXIV. To the Eyes apply this: ℞ Gum Tragacanth ʒij. Celandine-water q.s. mix and dissolve; with which mix burnt Alum ʒss. and make a Collyrium.

XXV. Or this; ℞ Tincture of Aloes, made in half Wine half Water ℥iv. S.V. ℥j. Regulus of Antimony in Pouder, White Vitriol a. ℈j. Honey ʒvi. mix and digest a Month, then use it.

XXVI. Or this, ℞ Hens Gall, Tincture of Scammony a. ℥iv. White Wine ℥viij. Juices of Fennel and Celandine a. ℥x. Tinctures of Myrrh and Aloes a. ℥iijss. in which Camphir ʒj. has been dissolved: Sarcocol ℥j. mix, digest in a gen∣tle heat for two Months, shaking the Glass once a day, then letting it settle, decant the clear, and keep it for use. See more here∣of in the Third Edition of Our Synopsis Medicinae, Lib. 3. Cap. 27. throughout.

XXVII. The Manual Operation, for Cure of a confirmed Cataract; before which Ʋniversals ought to be used, for Evacuating the whole Body, and afterwards particulars for Purging the Head; but you must take heed that the Patient be not troubled with Head-Ach, Pain in the Eyes, Fever, Vomit∣ing, Coughing, or Sneezing.

XXVIII. Seat the Sick in a Chair, somewhat lower than your own, if you sit; bind up the well Eye, and cause him to hold his Hands about your Wast, not stirring them till the Ope∣ration is ended.

XXIX. Let somebody hold his Head fast behind, and hold then asunder his Eye Lids, causing him to turn his Eye towards his Nose: Then thrust your Needle quick∣ly in by the Cornea, half a straws breadth from the Iris, some say a straws breadth, and bring it unto the hollow of the Eye.

XXX. When the Needle hath Couched the Cataract, endeavour

therewith to press it gently, and so long from above down∣wards, until it remains there.

XXXI. If it be stubborn in rai∣sing up; you must again and again divide it into several Particles, and bring them down, keep∣ing them in both a little while under, that they may not return again, before the Pupil of the Eye.

XXXII. Then draw out the Needle, and bind up as well the Sound, as the Ʋnsound Eye; ap∣plying double Linnen Cloths, moistned in Rose-Water, in which a little Alum is dissolved, and then beaten together with Whites of Eggs.

XXXIII. In the Operation, take heed of hurting the Crystalline Humour, and the Sound Tuni∣cles.

XXXIV. Apply an Astrictive to the Forehead, let the Head lie high, and dress the Affect for about Fourteen Days, or∣dering the Sick to stir his Head and Teeth as little as may be.

XXXV. Let the time in which this is done be the Morning, in the decrease of the Moon, and in a clear and serene Air. How to know when it is fit to do this Operation, we shall hereafter teach.

CHAP. XXXII. Of AMPUTATION.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Am∣putatio, Dismembring, or the Cutting off any Part or Limb, is a dreadful Operation, seldom used, but in a Sphacelus, or perfect Mortification, or where there is such a Laceration of any Part, as it is impossible to be re∣stored, or to save Life with∣out it.

II. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Mortificatio seu Sphacelus, a Mor∣tification, is that which invades both Flesh and Bones with a Rottenness or Putrefaction.

III. The Signs. If Cut (the Patient not seeing it) the Part is senseless, and the Patient feels it not; the Flesh is cold, flaggy, black, smells like a dead Carkass, and the Skin by reason of rottenness may be separated from the Flesh, there flowing from it a vis∣cid, greenish and blackish Mat∣ter.

IV. And although there may be yet some Motion, it is because the heads of the Muscles are not alrea∣dy affected; however the Work is not to be delayed, but the Part is to be taken off either in the sound and sensible Part, or in the corrupt and dead; the first of which, as it is most used, is al∣so most secure.

I. The Common Way, in the Sound Part.

V. The Body ought first to be purged with Ʋniversals; after which, before the Operation, the Spirits ought to be raised with Cordials; of which, this is excellent: ℞ Canary ℥iv. of our Aqua Bezoartica ʒvi. Juice of Alkermes ℥j. mix them for a Dose.

VI. Some Authors say, That this Operation is most conveniently done in the Joint, but then the Cure is rendred the more difficult, and the use of the other part alto∣gether lost: Therefore the Ex∣tirpation is much better to be done, two or three Fingers breadth, or more, below the Joint; except the Mortification has seized the uppermost part of the Arms or Thighs, then you must necessarily take the Joint it self.

VII. The Amputation is also more safe in the Sound Part than in the Dead, though the former is accompanied with the greater pain. But Woodall, and some others, perform it in the Dead Part.

VIII. The Common Way is this, 1. Prepare the Body with good Diet, as Yolks of Eggs, Toast dipt in Muscadine, Tent, Alicant, or Canary: And let the Patient be purged for some days before∣hand with Cassia new drawn, and such gentle Lenitives; let him take three or four times a day Confectio Alkermes of Our Prescription, (see Pharm. Lond. Lib. 4. Cap. 22. Sect. 2.)

IX. 2. Have in a readiness, 1. Two Saws, lest one should break. 2. A Dismembring Knife and Cat∣lin. 3. Several Rowlers, five or six Yards long. 4. Three great Needles (not much now in use.) 5. Boulsters, greater and lesser. 6. Pledgets of Tow, greater and lesser. 7. Dorsels and Buttons, of several sizes. 8. A large Bowl, with Ashes, Water, and Vinegar.

X. 3. Then the Patient being conveniently seated, draw up all the soft Parts with a strong Hand, after make a Ligature hard, girt∣ing it strongly, and pressing pow∣erfully upon the great Vessels, with your Fingers, which may in part also keep the Patient steady.

XI. 4. This done, with the Dis∣membring Knife, cut the Skin and Flesh round, very speedily, to the Bone. If it be in the Leg, or be∣low the Elbow, divide the Flesh between the Fossiles with the Incision Knife; after separate the Periostion from the Bone, by scraping of it either with the edge or back of the Incision Knife.

XII. 5. With a sharp Saw, cut the Bone as near to the living Flesh as may be.

XIII. 6. The Operation thus over, there will be a Flux of Blood, which if it be not too great, you may stay it only by such Medi∣cines as stop Blood, as Pulvis Dysentericus Crollii, Pulvis Sper∣niola Crollii; or rather with Pou∣ders causing an Escar; thus you may mix equal parts of Ʋm∣ber and unslakt Lime together, with a little Hair in Pouder or

Ashes of an old Hat, which re∣duce into an Ointment with the White of an Egg.

XIV. Or this: ℞ white Starch ℥vi. Sanguis Draconis, Frankin∣cense, a. ℥j. fine Bole, Terra Si∣gillata, a. ℥ss. Gypsum ℥jss. Frogs prepared ℥ij. Moss of Mens Skulls ℥j. Hares hair cut small ʒij. Tragacanth in Pouder, Spunge Torrefied in Pouder, a. ʒj. mix, and make a subtile Pouder.

XV. But if the Flux is great, you must use an Actual Cautery to the Mouths of the Vessels, other∣wise in the use of the aforesaid Pouders, take four of your great∣est Buttons, made of Tow moist∣ned well in Posca, which arm with either of the said Pouders, and apply them to the great Vessels, speedily applying over them a thick Bed, made of Tow, dipt also in Posca, and spread thick over with the Pouder.

XVI. 7. Have another Bed made so much larger, as to reach an Inch or two over every side round, and armed with the Pou∣ders as aforesaid, to be laid over the former; on which draw a Bladder, and on it make a Liga∣ture an Inch broad near the top, over all these lay a fourfold Lin∣nen Cloth.

XVII. 8. But if the Flux be great, and the Patient refuses the Actual Cautery; then, as soon as the Member is taken off, let the Skin together with the Flesh, in four distinct places opposite one to the other, be taken up with a Needle and waxed Thread, and the Ligature loosned above, or drawn down, that if possible they may meet.

XVIII. This way is painful and troublesome, and therefore sel∣dom to be used, yet it stays the Hae∣morrhage, preserves the Bone from all danger, and makes the Wound to be the sooner Cu∣red.

XIX. 9. If you use not the Bladder, be sure your Buttons be ready to apply to the place where the Blood appears, as you roul up the part: And having loosed the Ligature, roul up the Member with Swaths dipt in Oxycrate, applying to the next Joint above, a Defensative.

XX. 10. Observe, that unless there be great pain, that you dress it not till the third day; then have in readiness Stuphes and good Roulers, the first may be dipt in White-wine, or S.V. to be laid on the former Applica∣tions, that they may be the more easily removed, which do very gently.

XXI. If the Bed next the Wound stick, remove it not till the third dressing: The Applica∣tions being removed, strew the Vessels, with some of the former Pouders of Crollius, on which apply three or four Pledgets, with Whites of Eggs dipt in the Pouder.

XXII. On these, and the rest of the Wound, apply Basilicon, Balsa∣mum Terebinthinae, or Balsa∣mum Arcaei, till there is digesti∣on. Or this: ℞ Strasburgh Turpentine ℥iij. Oil of Roses ℥ij. Gum Elemi dissolved in the Oil, and strained ʒss. Saffron ʒss. mix, and make an Ointment.

XXIII. 11. After Digestion, mundifie with Apostolorum, or

Hartman's Vulnerary Balsam, or Ung. è succis aperitivis. Or with this: ℞ Turpentine ℥iij. Meals of Orrice Root, and of Bar∣ley, Pouder of round Birthwort Root, a. ℥ss. Honey of Roses ℥j. S.V. ℥ss. Mithridate ʒij. mix, and make a Mundificative. Or this: ℞ Juices of Parsly, Smal∣lage, Scordium, Plantane, Rue, a. ℥iv. Juices of Self-heal, All∣heal, a. ℥ij. Honey of Roses lbj. boil to the thickness of a Syrup, to which add Pouders of the Roots of round Birthwort, Angelica, Swal∣low-wort, Meal of Lupins, Mi∣thridate, a. ℥j. S.V. ℥ij. mix them, then Incarnate, and dry with Pulvis Dysentericus Crollij: It dries without any biting pro∣perty.

XXIV. Over this you may apply some Glutinative Emplaster, as Ceratum ex pelle Arietina Ar∣noldi de Villa Nova, Empla∣strum Gratia Dei, or the like.

XXV. 12. If proud Flesh a∣rises, use Ung. Aegyptiacum laid on hot, upon which lay another Pledget, and so dress it up for a∣bout two days: The next dres∣sing use only dry Lint or Flax, by this means the great sensibili∣ty of the Ulcer will be abated; or to eat the Flesh away, you may lay on burnt Alum mixt with Vitriol, burnt Ceruse, and burnt Lead.

XXVI. At every dressing, en∣deavour to draw the Skin and Muscles together by degrees, that the Bone may be covered; it is best done with the dry Stitch ap∣plied a Fingers breadth from the Lips of the Wound, round a∣bout the Member, &c.

XXVII. Lastly, Fingers and Toes, yea Hands and Feet, as al∣so superfluous Joints, may be re∣moved by Chizels, &c. of which see Scultetus Tab. 27. Fig. 12. and 15. but the Saw is best.

XXVIII. If Humidities a∣bound, ℞ Pouders of Roots of Hog-fennel, round Birthwort, Flo∣rentine Orrice, Pine bark, and Lignum Guajaci, a. ℥ss. mix, and strew it on the Ulcer once or twice a day. It dries with∣out biting, and will cause the scaling of the Bone, which will be within thirty or forty days.

II. Aquapendens his Way, in the Dead Part.

XXIX. This is done in the Dead Part, but near the Sound, yet not too near it: Let two strong Men hold both Parts of the Mem∣ber very steady, then begin the Operation: The Part being ta∣ken off, remove as much dead Flesh as may be; then with red hot Cauteries, sear the dead Part, and therewith heat the end of the Bone, till such time as the Patient perceives the heat of the Fire.

XXX. After that, make a fo∣mentation with a good Lixivium, as in a Gangrene, which apply (not too hot) for about half an hour: This done apply Stuphes very warm to the Part, binding it up; within the space of two or three days, there will be a separation of the mortified Part from the sound.

XXXI. At second dressing do the like again, and cutting off the dead Flesh with Sciffers, forget not to

heat the Bone; but beware of an Haemorrhage stealing upon you, for which you ought to be pro∣vided, as aforesaid.

XXXII. Some Authors say, That the dead Flesh toucht with Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur, as in a Gangrene, may be better, and less dangerous.

XXXIII. Now here is to be no∣ted, 1. That the Body must be before-hand prepared, as aforesaid. 2. That in a Sphacelus caused from a defect of Innate heat, the former way is the better, viz. Amputating in the Sound Part. 3. But in a very slow Sphacelus, sprung from an Internal Cause, in a Body otherwise Sound, this latter way is the best. 4. That this way causes very little pain, and puts a sudden stop to the Putrefaction. 5. That by this Method, a Flux of Blood is not to be feared, &c.

CHAP. XXXIII. CUTTING off CANCERS.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Cancer, is a preternatural Tumor said to arise from Melancholy, round, hard, livid, painful, with Tur∣gid Veins resembling the Feet of a Crab.

II. It is twofold, denominated from its two times; 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Carcinoma, a Cancer not ulcerated. 2. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Pha∣gedaena, a Cancer ulcerated.

III. Signs. It is not easily known in the beginning, being very small, about the bigness of a Tare or Vetch, yet sometimes it grows to be six, eight, ten, or twelve pounds in weight; it is accompanied with painful Symptoms, the Tu∣mor being hard, full of Pain, hot, livid, or black, roundish, with some inequality, and many tumified Veins.

IV. As to the various Causes, Prognosticks, and Intentions of Cure, we shall refer you to the Chapter of the Cancer in Lib. 3. following, where we shall dis∣course every thing at large: Here we shall only give you a short Idea of what we think most necessary to be done.

V. The Cure. If the Cancer be not exulcerated, first purge with this: ℞ Sena ℥iv. Rhubarb ℥j. Hermodacts, Gummy Turbith, Ja∣lap, Cambogia, white Flowers of Antimony, Mastich, Ginger, Cin∣namon, Galangal, a. ʒj. Scam∣mony, Cremor Tartari, a. ℥jss. Oils of Vitriol, Cloves, Juniper and Anise, a. ʒss mix, and make a subtil Pouder. Dose à ℈j. ad ʒj. which frequently reiterate.

VI. Provoke the Terms in Wo∣men, if stopt, and the Haemor∣rhoids in Men, if usual, for this is beneficial.

VII. Apply over the Cancer this:

℞ Oil of Ben ℥iv. Strasburgh Turpentine ℥ss. of Our Hercules q.s. mix, and make an Oint∣ment. Or this: ℞ Oil-Olive ℥vj. Turpentine ℥j. burnt Lead ℥ij. Saccharum Saturni ℥jss. Juice of Nightshade ℥j. of Our Hercules q.s. mix, and make an Oint∣ment.

VIII. But if it be ulcerated, some, to form a Palliative Cure, apply the Quintessence of Arsenick, (see its Preparation in Our Pharm. Lond. Lib. 4. Cap. 5. Sect. 7.) mixing it with Basili∣con, or a Digestive, renewing it once in two days.

IX. Barbett applies this: ℞ Galls, Pomgranate Pells, a. ℥j. burnt Talck ℥j. fine Bole ℥ss. burnt Lead ʒij. Ashes of Crabs ʒj. Ho∣ney, Turpentine, a. q.s. mix, and make an Ointment. By these and the like Medicines, ulcera∣ted Cancers have been kept ea∣sie, and in the same condi∣tion.

X. Some commend this: Take Aqua Fortis ℥j. Corrosive Subli∣mate ℥iv. Sal Armoniack ℥ij. Arsenick ʒj. put them into a Glass Alembick, and distil to driness: add to the Faeces, Vinegar q.s. and distil again, till the Matter comes to the consistence of a Paste.

XI. First wash the Cancer with Linnen Cloths dipt in hot Wine, rubbing it pretty hard, then spread the Paste on a double Cloth (not full out so broad as the Cancer••) and apply it for 24 Hours, so will an Escar be made bigger than the Plaster, which kills and removes the Cancer: After which it is to be Cured as ano∣ther Ulcer, according to Art.

XII. This Application is apt (from its vehemency) to produce a Fever, Vomiting, and Flux of the Belly and Ʋrine, for two or three days, or more, but yet with a benefit to the Sick.

XIII. But if these things do not, so that you must be forced to come to Manual Operation, you ought first to purge the Body well with Ʋniversals, or with the former Purge at Sect. 5. a∣foregoing.

XIV. This Operation is often performed on Cancers, whether Ʋl∣cerated or not: And it is done either with Cauteries after In∣cision, or else with both at once; or by Incision, with Ad∣strictives; but the first with Cau∣teries is best, because that bri∣dles the malignity of the Tu∣mor, and also, if any small Portion of the Cancer should be left behind, may cause it to fall with the Escar.

XV. If the Cancer be small, not ulcerated, loose, and free from the Flesh on all sides, Incision with Astrictives may serve, let∣ting it first bleed, if the Sick be strong.

XVI. In this Operation, 1. Pre∣pare the Body, as we have taught Sect. 13. 2. Have in a readiness Pledgets, Boulsters, Rowlers, Needles, Astringent Pouders or Cauteries, as you intend to proceed.

XVII. Take hold of the Cancer, either with your Left Hand, or a pair of round Forceps, then imme∣diately cut it off, and apply ei∣ther the Astringent Pouder, or the Cauteries, as you intend.

XVIII. Some cut it off with

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Cauterizing Knives red hot, then dress it up with Anodynes, and such things as may cause the Es∣car to fall; but doubtless 'tis none of the best way.

XIX. Others (which is the most common way) pass two Nee∣dles through the Cancer; a-cross at right Angles, and holding those ends up by threads or strings, cut it off with a sharp Knife.

XX. In all these ways, let the Part afterwards be anointed with Oils of Roses and Myrtles, then cure the Wound according to Art. If after the Escar is fallen, the Pus is thick, white, and lau∣dable, Pain and Symptoms be a∣bated, and the Flesh grow like Pomgranate-seed, it will do well, and the Cancer is eradi∣cated.

XXI. But if the Cancer grows to the Bone, or passes through any Internal Part, it is incurable: A Cancer in the Lip is to be first cut out, then cured as a Hare-Lip.

XXII. After the Cancer is cut off, some dress it with Anodyns, others with Anodyns mixt with Stypticks, which being all ready prepared, and spread upon Tow, or other convenient Matter, and laid on a proper Emplaster, are clapt upon the Wound at once; after which Application, and the Flux being stopt, it is to be cured after the manner of a Green Wound.

XXIII. This Work is horrid in Appearance, but soon done, if a skilful and nimble Artist has it in hand; I remember that I once saw Dr. Th. Gardner, the King's Chirurgian, cut off a very large Cancer (weighing near eight Pounds when off) from a Wo∣mans Breast between Forty and Fifty Years of Age: I pull'd out a Minute Watch which I had a∣bout me, when he first took the Needles in Hand, and from that time, the piercing of the Nee∣dles, cutting off, and binding up, to the laying the Woman into her Bed, amounted not full out to two Minutes: The Flux of Blood was very small, and the Woman did well, being per∣fectly cured in about Six Weeks time afterwards.

CHAP. XXXIV. CUTTING off WENS.

I. A Wen is called in Greek, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; in latin, Lupia; being for the most part a round Tumor, bunching out, most∣ly without any proper Cistis, but sometimes with one.

II. The Cause. Some will have them to proceed from a Pituitous Humour, but doubtless they come rather from Blood; the Mouths of the Arteries appointed to carry Nourishment to the Mus∣cles,

being sometimes more open than they ought to be.

III. The remote Cause, is some∣times from Falls, Blows, or other External Violence: Where the Parts are disorderly moved, the Native Heat and Flesh forming Faculty, turning the Extravased Blood into Flesh; which in∣creasing, makes a preternatural Tumor, which sometimes be∣comes Malign, if the Blood be impure.

IV. If it proceeds from Blood only, it is florid, warm and easie, but grows prodigiously: If from Flegm, it is flaggy, tough and viscous: If from Choler, it is many times painful: If from Me∣lancholy, it somtimes grows to a gristly hardness.

V. And commonly answerable to these Humours, is the Colour, Red, White, Yellow, or Livid.

VI. As the Wen increases, so its Arteries grow big, which nourish it; as also the Veins increase, that they appear under the Skin, sometimes as thick as ones Fin∣ger.

VII. The Prognosticks. It is not of it self malign, but may ea∣sily be made so, by untoward and evil Applications; and is apt to degenerate into a Cancer, if it be long ill used.

VIII. The Cure. If in the be∣ginning, use Astringents and Re∣pellents; as a Plate of Lead be∣smeared with Quick-silver, or Empl. de Ranis cum Mercurio; but for Applications, we refer you to the Chapter of the Wen in Lib. 3. following, where it is handled at large.

IX. But as the best Remedies seldom answer Expectation, the Tumor still increasing; so the best Cure is either binding with a Thread, or the Knife, or both.

X. Some apply Suppuratives to the Tumor, to ripen it, then open it by a Caustick, or with an Inci∣sion-Knife; but that way is dan∣gerous, for fear, that if any ma∣lign Humour should attend it, it should degenerate into a Cancer.

XI. The Cutting off of a Wen. Cast a Thread, small, (but strong) twice round the neck of the Tu∣mor, and tie it with a double Knot, which must be daily straitned, till the Tumor be deprived of its Co∣lour, Feeling and Life, which will be in about seven or eight days: Then you may take it off with a Crooked Knife, which is easily performed, for that neither any great Pain, nor Flux of Blood is to be feared.

XII. This Operation is best done in Gross or Flegmatick Bodies; in others, Pain and Inflammation are so violent, that it will scarce∣ly be endured: in such it is commonly removed at once, by Cutting, and then applying A∣stringent Pouders, or the Actual Cautery; after, Curing it as o∣ther Wounds.

CHAP. XXXV. CUTTING off a SARCOCELE.

I. WHAT a Sarcocele, or Hernia Carnosa is, we have in part told you in Chap. 8. Sect. 3. But it is more a Fleshy Tumor than a Rupture; unless it be called a Rupture, from the eroding of the Membranes which close the ends of the Capillary Blood Vessels.

II. A Fleshy Rupturethen, is a hard Tumour, slowly increasing, unequal, rough, heavy, and with∣out any thin or floating Humours; and not very painful, unless joined with any sharp Matter.

III. The Cause is chiefly Blood, whether pure or impure, for the most part abounding in Quantity, being cast out of the Capillary Blood Vessels, the Membranes which close them, being either eroded, broken, or dilated; whereby the Nutritious Blood flowing more into the Part than Nature re∣quires, and not Putrifying, it is changed into the Substance of Flesh.

IV. This Flesh sometimes grows to the Testicle, in which case, it cannot be taken away, but by taking away the Testicle it self; but many times it only Circumvolves the Testicle, but grows not to it; in which Case it may be re∣moved, without either hurting, or Cutting the Stone out.

V. This was lately done in a Patient, that came to me, by the Hands of a French man, who slit open the Scrotum very carefully long-ways, took forth the tumi∣fied Testicle; and pulling it down a little, tied it fast, as high as he could above the Stone; then he cautiously cut the Fleshy Sub∣stance long-ways also, so as not to hurt or scratch the Membranes of the Testicle: Which done, he turned the Testicle out with his Fingers, and with one cut, cut off the Fleshy Substance, just below the Bandage (the Patient not crying out for it.) Then he returned the Testicle into the Cod, and in a short time healed it after the manner of a green Wound: The piece of Flesh in this Operation weighed above two Pounds.

VI. The Prognosticks. It is scarcely ever cured by Medicines, and seldom without Manual Ope∣ration: And if the Fleshy Sub∣stance grows to the Stone, not without removing, or cutting it off also.

VII. If the Fleshy Substance ex∣tends its self to the Groins, it is for the most part incurable.

VIII. The Cure. In its begin∣ning, it is many times cured by astrin∣gent and repelling Medicines: Some have been Cured with the Pouder of Doves-foot Roots; o∣thers with the Pouder of Rest∣harrow Roots, taken ʒj. Morn∣ing and Evening in Wormwood Wine, or some other fit Vehi∣cle,

for four Months together.

IX. And over the whole Scro∣tum, you may apply Emplastrum de Galbano Crocatum Mynsichti, or de Ranis cum Mercurio, and so tie it up in a kind of Bag-Truss.

X. But if notwithstanding all that can be done, its increase can∣not be hindred, you must come to the Manual Operation, thus; Make a little Orifice to the Scro∣tum, and rather in the Supe∣rior than the Inferior Part; thro' which, by help of Pledgets, let suppurating Remedies be ap∣plied, that, if possible, the Flesh may be wasted.

XI. And every dressing, diligent∣ly wipe away the Matter, but not all of it, that what Flesh yet re∣mains, may the better be consu∣med.

XII. If this succeeds not, draw forth the Testicle, and by Incision cut off as much Flesh as you can, without doing Injury to it. Then restore it to its place, and the remainder of the Flesh con∣trive to consume by Suppura∣tion.

XIII. If the former ways pre∣vail not, take out the Hernious Testicle, as far as you can; then pass once or twice a Silken Thread above the Tumor, by the process of the Peritonaeum, and pass both ends of the Silk through the Ori∣fice it self; so that that which was on the right side, may be on left, and that on the left, may be on the right: So tying the Process of the Peritonaeum with a Knot, Cut off the Testicle, letting both ends of the Silk hang out of the Scrotum, then Cure it as another Wound.

XIV. But here you ought well to consider the Cause, before you Ope∣rate; for sometimes you may be deceived by a Scirrhous, swelling of the Parastates: And sometimes the Spermatick Vessels are de∣tained in the S•…•…, where oftentimes they may exceed in Magnitude the Testicles them∣selves, cauting no other incon∣veniency, but Fear.

XV. Lastly, when you come to Operate, make the Ligature as near to the Tumor as possible; for the higher the Process of the Peritonaeum is perforated, so much the thicker it its, by which the suppuration, and falling of the Thread will be hindred; in which time, if Convulsions fol∣low, they foreshew Death.

An Appendix, concerning Cutting an Oscheocele.

XVI. Although this Discourse does not properly belong this place, but rather to Chap. 8. aforegoing; yet, because the Operation of Cut∣tin; was not there taught, we were necessitated to refer it to another place: And here, having an opportunity, under a Branch of the same Head, we thought good to resume that part which was there wanting, and to de∣liver it here.

XVII 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Oscheocele, Hernia Scroti: Hernia intesti∣nalis vel Omentalis, in quae, ob Rupturam, aut Lesi•…•…m ali∣quam Intestinum aut Omentum, in Scrotum delabitur, Lind. Ex. 4. § 45. It is a Rupture in which the Guts or Caul, through

a Breach of the Peritonaeum, fall down into the Cods.

XVIII. By reason Cutting of an Oscheocele is not only dreadful, but also hazardous, it is seldom in use, except when the Substance fallen into the Scrotum, cannot be reduced; yet some have made use of it, to prevent a falling down any more, and so for a perfect Cure.

XIX. To perform this, (when the Guts cannot be reduced, either from the hardned Excrements there, or Narrowness of the Pas∣sage) the Patient must be tied fast to a Form or Table, and In∣cision must be made in the upper Part of the Scrotum, not touch∣ing the Guts; then putting in the Directory at the Incision, and under the Production of the Peritonaeum, with your Knife, cut such a space as is necessary, towards the Belly; after which, reduce the Intestine, and stitch up so much of the Peritonaeum as may be sufficient to hinder the fall of any thing again into the Cod, after it is healed.

XX. But unless the Patient be very strong, this is not to be done; much less the following Operation, which is performed either with, or without taking away the Te∣sticle.

XXI. That, with taking away the Testicle, is so horrid and bloody, as Scultetus has related it, (by which way the famous Gelders of Italy did Cure a Hernia Inte∣stinalis) that we shall forbear to teach it, and come to shew you that Operation, which saves the Testicle intire.

XXII. The Incision is to be made about the Share-bone, into which the Directory is to be put, thrusting it long-ways under the Process of the Peritonaeum, which lift up, and separate it from the adjoining Fibres and Nervous Bo∣dies, to which it adheres: Then forthwith draw aside the Se∣minal Vessels, with the Cre∣master, or hanging Muscles of the Stones, and then draw the Process aside above, and take so much from it as is too loose, with a small Mullet perforated in the midst: and, with a Needle, having Five or Six Threads, thrust it through, as near as you can to the Seminal Vessels and Cremaster; after which, put the Needle again through the midst of the Rem∣nant of the Process, taking up therewith the Lips of the Wound; then tie the Thread with a strait Knot, and cut off the Needle, leaving so much of the Thread, as may hang forth of the Wound; which is not to be drawn out, till there is a sufficient Conglu∣tination, which then heal up ac∣cording to Art.

CHAP. XXXVI. CUTTING off WARTS and CORNS.

I. WARTS are known by Sight, being of various Kinds: Some hard, some soft, some jagged on the Top, as if they were Flowering or Seed∣ing; some having broad Roots, some small; proceeding from an Earthy, Pituitous or Melancho∣ly Matter.

II. If they have small Roots, they may easily be taken away, where-ever they be, either by tying them with a Thread hard, whereby they are deprived of their Nourishment; or by Pinch∣ing them, after which they fall, or may otherwise be cut off; but some nip them off with their Nails, at once; after which they never come again.

III. Those with broad Roots, are first to be cut down, or prick'd, after which they are removed with various Medicines: Some rub them with the Juice of Mari∣gold Leaves; others take them away with Purslain bruised, and applied.

IV. Some commend the Liver of Colocynthis to be bound to them; it is singular, if it be mixt with Red Praecipitate. Others use Dissolvents, or Potential Caute∣ries.

V. Or you may strew them with Filings of Brass, over which you may lay an Emplaster, to keep them on. Or this, ℞ Basiticon ℈j. Verdigrise gr, xiv. mix and apply it, over which lay a sticking Emplaster.

VI. Some commend the Water which runs from Ash-sticks burnt, or that which stands in the Roots of Oak-trees when cut down; o∣thers affirm, the stroaking them with a dead Man's Hand to be efficacious; and I have known several have found it true by Experience.

VII. Others lay a Defensative round about them, and then care∣fully prick them; after which they apply one drop of the Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur upon them, and over that a sticking Em∣plaster; by which means they become effectually removed.

VIII. CORNS, are a Disease proceeding from the same Cause which Warts come from, and they are also of various kinds; some are hard, some soft, some with a single root, and some with a manifold.

IX. You must first cut them as near as you can, in the Wane of the Moon, with a very sharp Knife, and then apply over them Em∣plastrum de Ranis cum Mer∣curio.

X. Or this: ℞ Basilicon ʒj. Red Praecipitate ʒss. mix, and apply it, over which lay a stick∣ing Emplaster; it will certainly do, if kept long enough to them. Or this: ℞ Red Wax, and spread it on Leather, upon which strew

Red Praecipitate, and apply it.

XI. Or this: ℞ Red Wax ʒj. Verdigrise ʒss. Oil of Ben q.s. mix, and make an Emplaster, which apply upon the Corns: Some apply the Leaves of Ivy bruised, Morning and Night, which generally Cures in fifteen Days.

XII. Others apply a Desensa∣tive round about the Corns, and being cut close, drop upon them one drop of Oils of Vitriol or Sul∣phur; or a few drops of the Juice of Spurge, which some say is a Specifick.

XIII. Others have had them cured by Application of Bean-leaves or Celandine, bruised and appli∣ed for certain days, after which Basilicon and Red Praecipitate have consummated the Cure.

XIV. But if all these things fail, you must come to cutting them out; thus, Cut them round with the point of your Incision-knife, then tye them with a Twine Thread, turning them with it every way as you cut them, by degrees winding the Thread a∣bout them; and continue your cutting round, till you come to the very root of the Corn, and they are perfectly removed.

XV. After which, if the place bleeds, apply some Natural Bal∣sam, as de Peru, de Tolu, or de Chili, or Balsamum Lucatelli, and a Plaster of Diachylon sim∣plex.

XVI. If the Part about be hard, lay over it Mynsicht's Em∣plastrum de Galbano Crocatum, mixt with a little Sal Armoni∣ack; or this: ℞ Galbanum ex∣tracted with Vinegar ℥j. Ship∣pitch ℥ss. Diachylon simplex ʒij. Sal Armoniack ʒj. mix them: This is said to remove both Corns and Warts, if renewed every third or fourth Day.

CHAP. XXXVII. REMOVING CARUNCLES.

I. CAruneles or Carnosities growing in the Urethra, or passage of Ʋrine and Seed, are a kind of fleshy substance, not much differing from the nature of a Wart, and may be properly cal∣led Warts of the Ʋrethra, which when they are grown to a consi∣derable bigness, stop up the pas∣sage.

II. These are to be removed ei∣ther with Medicines, or Instrument: The first is done by conveying a Caustick, or other proper Mat∣ter to them, thro' an hollow Pipe: The latter is done by putting in an Instrument, and rubbing them hard.

III. If then there be Caruncles or Carnosities in the passage, you may put up a little Suppository made of equal parts of Ʋng. Fus∣cum

Wurtzii, and Honey of Ro∣ses, boiled up to a fit thick∣ness.

IV. Or this: ℞ Litharge ʒij. Minium ʒj. Flowers of Sulphur ʒiij. Ung. Aegyptiacum ʒj. Ho∣ney of Roses q.s. mix them, and herewith anoint a Wax-candle, which put up the Ʋrethra, re∣peating it twice or thrice a Day, till there is a perfect clean∣sing.

V. Washing in Lime-water (not too strong) is excellent, so also with our Aqua Ophthalmica, they being injected with a Sy∣ringe: Lastly, you may heal with Ʋnguentum Mirabile: In∣wardly take a Traumatick, Su∣dorifick, and Antivenerial Diet.

VI. But if it cannot be cured by any of the former means, or if it grows so great as to stop the Water, you must come to Ma∣nual Operation.

VII. But that no other Parts but only the Caruncle may be eaten away, and that the Ʋrine might not wash away the Medicines that are applied, you must (by the Advice of Fabritius ab Aqua∣pendente) make a Pipe of Lin∣nen, and smear it over with white Wax: Let it be in length about an Inch, or an Inch and half, and so broad as to be e∣qual to the Silver Catheter, and at the end thereof let a long Thread hang.

VIII. This Linnen Pipe let be smeared over with this Liniment, ℞ Honey calcined to Ashes, Tutty prepared, fresh Butter, Turpentine washt, Wax, a. ℥ss. burnt A∣lum ʒss. melt and mix; this consumes the Caruncle without pain, or excoriation of the sound Part.

IX. But some highly commend the following of Rochus Cervie∣rus. Take Sulphur Vive, Mer∣cury Praecipitate, Verdigrise, Crude Antimony, all in Pouder, a. ʒiij. white Wax ℥j. which mix well in a Leaden Mortar with Oil of Ro∣ses q.s. to an Ointment.

X. The Linnen Pipe being a∣nointed with one of these, must up∣on the Catheter be thrust into the Urethra, till it meet with the Ca∣runcle, then the Catheter is to be drawn back, and the Linnen Pipe left in the passage, to be af∣terwards drawn forth by its fast∣ned Thread.

CHAP. XXXVIII. REMOVING of HUMOURS.

I. HƲmours are removed seve∣ral ways, the chief of which are these four, 1. By Fri∣ction. 2. By Bathing. 3. By Sweating. 4. By Fasting. There are other ways of removing of Humours, as by Purging, Vomit∣ing, Ʋrine, and Salivation; but

these belong rather to Internal Administration, than Manual Operation.

I. Of FRICTION.

II. Friction is a rubbing of the whole Body, or of some of its Parts, as Head, Back, Shoul∣ders, Arms, Thighs, Legs, &c. with course Cloths, or other proper things.

III. The Intention is, to disperse Humours, Excrements, Spirits, loosen Obstructions, open the Pores, divert Fluxes and Rheums, cause free Circulation of the Blood, prevent Scabs, Itch, Pustules, Breakings out, Tumours, Cramps, and take away cold pains, (cau∣sed through Congelation) in most parts of the Body.

IV. It is to be done with awarm Hand, Spunge, or course Linnen Clothwarmed; beginning at first softly, and increasing by de∣grees, till the place becomes red, first from lower Parts, and so ascending upwards.

V. If it be done soft and long, it opens the Pores, and wastes the Humours: if hard and short, it makes the Skin red for a time: if hard and long, it fastens and makes the Flesh hard, and stirs up natural heat.

II. BATHING.

VI. Baths are either Natural, or Artificial.

VII. Natural Baths are chiefly those at Bath (supposed to spring from Sulphur, and some Golden Mineral, Iron, &c.)

VIII. They are used in Palsies, Sciatica's, Numbness, Hardness, and Contractions of the Nerves, Morphew, Scabs, Scurf, old Sores, Tumors, old Pains, Dis∣eases of the Joints, Liver, Spleen, Itch, Leprosie, &c.

IX. Artificial Baths are made in Imitation of the Natural, and to the same intentions and pur∣poses: of which you may see several forms in Our Pharmac. Lond. which may easily be made much stronger, by the Solution of proper Minerals therein.

X. They are used either to the whole Body, or to a Part only; not too hot, for fear of hurting, and always after due purging.

XI. The time is chiefly at Eight in the Morning, and about Five in the Afternoon: At first, stay in not much above half an hour; the following times you may stay in an hour or two, as your strength and conveniency will serve.

XII. Being too much used, they dry and weaken the Body: Their use is to ease Pain, open the Pores, evacuate superfluous Hu∣mours, resolve, make thin, heat, cool, dry, moisten, cure Gouts, Sciatica's, Poxes, Leprosies, &c.

XIII. An Artificial Bath of Sulphur may be thus made. Take Flowers of Sulphur ℥xx. Salt of Tartar or Pot-ashes ℥x. Water lbx. mix, and boil for two hours, or something more, almost conti∣nually stirring it; then put it all together into a Bathing-tub almost full of warm Water, fit for Bathing in. It is excellent against Scabs, Itch, Scurf, Morphew, Lepro∣sie, French-Pox, and other Breakings out.

II. SWEATING.

XIV. Sweating, it is used for all the same Intentions and Pur∣poses that Baths are designed for, and no ways inferiour to them; and being used three or four times a Year, is found to be a good expedient against the Scurvy, and to preserve the Bo∣dy in Health.

XV. Go into it in the Morning, with an empty Stomach (as to Food,) but it will be good to be repleat with two or three Glasses of Sack.

XVI. In the time of the Sweat, give some pleasant Sudorifick Cor∣dial, a little sharpned with Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur. Take Black-Cherry-water ℥ij. Our Aqua Be∣zoartica ℥j. Syrup of Citrons ℥ss. mix them. Or thus: Take Car∣duus Water ℥ij. Our Aqua Bezo∣artica ℥j. Syrup of Red Poppies ℥ss. Spirit of Sulphur, enough to give it a grateful acidity.

XVII. Stay in as long as may be conveniently, but come forth before Fainting, wiping off (in the mean season) the Sweat with warmed Napkins.

XVIII. Then let the Patient be immediately laid in a warm Bed, and covered with Cloths, where let them Sweat well again for two or three Hours, and if they can, repose themselves to sleep.

XIX. If they enter into the Sweat about seven or eight in the Morning, they may rise before Dinner, and use gentle Exercise, keeping themselves warm, be∣cause the Pores are open.

XX. The way of doing it, is in Hartman's Chair, with Spirit of Wine set on Fire: Which certain∣ly was one of the most happy In∣ventions in the World: I shall omit the description of it at this time, because it is now com∣mon in London.

IV. FASTING.

XXI. Fasting is of use (whilst the Body is emptying) to lessen the quantity of Humors, by hindering their Generation, and this chiefly in universal ill habits, and el∣derly people: For Children are scarcely able to bear it, nor Cho∣lerick People; for Bile causes a vast Consumption of Humi∣dity.

XXII. This possibly is one of the most useful courses in the whole Art of Physick or Chirurgery; for as much as many Diseases may be cured by Fasting alone, which no other course could do any good in.

XXIII. Besides, the Stomach being empty, draw Humours from all other Parts of the Body; by which means they come to be removed, and so cast forth in the common Draught, with the other Recrements of the Body.

XXIV. More especially, it is to be used in all Diseases proceeding from fulness, for in them it makes an Alteration almost to a Mira∣cle; and therefore it is of great use in Surfeits of every kind, and Diseases proceeding from Gluttony, Gormandizing, and Drunkenness.

V. DIARTHROSIS.

CHAP. XXXIX. Of CROOKEDNESS in General.

I. THis Fifth part of the Art is called by some in Greek, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Diarthrosis, Arti∣culatio, commissura Artuum; and is intended to rectifie ill Conformation, in reducing it to its natural Figure by right Articulating of it, whence Diar∣throsis, Articulating.

II. But in my Opinion, from the nature of the Intention, it ought ra∣ther to be called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Dior∣thosis, emendatio, seu directio, because it is rather a mending, directing, or putting into a right state or situation, what is distorted, crooked, or out of order.

III. It is directed chiefly, 1. To rectifie, or set straight a Crook∣edness of the Back. 2. A Crook∣edness of the Arms and Legs. 3. A Crookedness of the Fingers. 4. Of Feet and Toes.

IV. The Parts affected, and which particularly cause these Dis∣tortions, are, the Muscles, and in them the Nerves and Tendons especially, and sometimes the Bone it self.

V. The Signs. These are so evident, that they need not be de∣clared, being manifest both to Sight and Feeling.

VI. The Causes. Though they arise sometimes from Wounds, Fra∣ctures or Dislocations (whose Cure depends upon the Cure and right Healing of those Diseases) yet they many times are connate from Infancy, and arise from a Rickety Disposition, or from some Cause, inward or outward, which might have been cured, had it not been neglected.

VII. The Prognosticks. If the Cure be attempted, whilst the Pa∣tient is young and tender, the Dis∣tortion may be rectified with ease; for then, the Parts being more flexible, are more apt for a Reduction.

VIII. But if they be grown stiff or callous, and into a kind of a Bony hardness; the Restoration is much to be doubted, if not impossible; more especially if there be Age withal.

IX. The Cure. First, the Parts affected ought to be Fomented, Bathed, or Anointed with Emol∣lients and Softners; as a Bath of Milk, Emollient Oils and Li∣niments; and after them the Application of softning Em∣plasters.

X. A softning Oil. ℞ Oil of sweet Fennel-seeds ℥iss. Oil of Ben.

or of sweet Almonds ℥ivss. mix them; with which anoint Morn∣ing and Evening.

XI. A softning Ointment. ℞ Oil of Aniseeds ℥jss. pure golden coloured and sweet scented Palm Oil ℥iij. mix them, and anoint well therewith, Morning and Evening.

XII. A softning Liniment. ℞ rectified Oil of Vitriol ℥j. Oil Olive ℥iij. mix them: With this anoint once a day; it is much better than any of the former, and resolves more.

XIII. A softning Bath. ℞ Spirit of Nitre ℥j. Spirit of Vi∣triol ℥j. mix them, and there∣with gently bathe the Contorted or Contracted Parts.

XIV. In the intervals of A∣nointing, you ought also to anoint with Neuroticks, of which this is an excellent thing. ℞ Oil of Nutmegs, or Mace by Expression ℥iij. Oil of Lavender and Limons a. ℥ss. mix them.

XV. Or thus. ℞ Earthworms lbss. which cleanse, by washing first in Water, then in Wine, cut them small, and affuse upon them (in a large Receiver) Oil Olive lbss. or rather as much Oil of sweet Almonds, Oil of Limon; ℥ij. and upon warm Embers resolve into Liquor, which strain out strongly by pressing.

XVI. This is an excellent Oil, for the Liquor of the Worms, by its peculiar Vertue, penetrates im∣mediately; and passes to the Nerves and Nervous Parts, Veins, Arteries, &c. moderately warm∣ing, humecting, and strength∣ning them; whilst, mean sea∣son, the Viscous Substance there∣of occludes the Pores, and keeps in the Heat, in order for reso∣lution of the hardned and con∣stricted Parts.

XVII. Afterwards you may apply also Emplasterwise, Myn∣sicht's Galbanum Crocatum, or Ammoniacum cum Cicuta, or de Ranis, with triple quantity of Mercury: For by these various Applications, the Parts will be before-hand prepared for the use of the Instruments.

XVIII. For the whole stress of the Cure seems to lie upon the right Contrivance, Making, and Affixing of the Instruments; with∣out which, nothing can indeed be done; but, in a manner, all your Labour will be in vain.

XIX. Wherefore, fit Instru∣ments being made; and the former softning Medicines used for some time before-hand; you must come to the Application of the Instru∣ment, (using also your softning Medicines as before) together with Splenia, or Bolsters, and proper Bandage; as the Nature, Position, and Form of the Part requires.

CHAP. XL. CROOKEDNESS of the BACK.

I. THIS is thought to proceed mostly from the Rickets; which, while the Patient is young, if not neglected, may be cured, but by the help of In∣struments.

II. There is generally a fulness of one Shoulder, more than in the other, which tends that way, if not prevented, and while it's in beginning, may be helped by constant Swinging.

III. Sometimes it is in the Spine, the Vertebrae being con∣torted, mostly outwards, seldom (if ever) inwards; and also to either side, which is most usual with young Girls, who have generally a debility of the Leg of the same side.

IV. Tho' these kinds of Crook∣edness are many times caused from the Rickets, or a Defluxion of a Morbifick Matter; yet they are many times caused from an ill Conformation in the Womb, or some Pituitous Humour, collect∣ed about the Vertebrae.

V. Sometimes also it is caused, as afore-mentioned, by external Violence, from Falls, Bruises, or a constant ill Posture of the Body, whilst Young and Tender, in sit∣ting, standing, carrying, bow∣ing down forwards, writing, sowing, or making to use their Feet too soon.

VI. Many times also it is the Mothers fault, who striving to have them small in the Waste, by strait lacing, draws their Bodies aside; more especially, if there be any thing in the Cloths on either side, which hurts them: Which ill custom, if the Child escapes Crookedness, it commonly brings other ill Diseases, as Ob∣structions of the Viscera, Green∣sickness, Consumptions, &c.

VII. The Cure. Here Emol∣lient and Discussive Oils, Oint∣ments, Liniments, Balsams, and Emplasters are to be used, (Exam∣ples of which you have in the aforegoing Chapter) before the Application of the Instrument.

VIII. The Instrument is a Steel Compress, or Bodice, fitted to the Body to be reduced: It is to be full of Holes, that it may be the lighter and cooler; and lined with Cotten, that it may not hurt; bunching inwards, an∣swerable to the bunching out of the Back.

IX. This Compress is to be gently and gradually used, being straitned by degrees; for without the use thereof, all other Medi∣cines will be applied in vain; whilst, by the use thereof, some have been restored in about eight or ten Months time, or a Year at farthest.

X. As you perceive the Redu∣ction to come on you must accord∣ingly alter the Compress, viz. for such as are not yet come

to their Growth, where they are to be altered every third Month.

XI. Where the Person was very youthful, I have known this affect Cured by swinging by the Arms and Arm-holes, and sometimes gently by the Chin in a Sling, and the success was wonderful; but this is much better for a Gibbo∣sity in the Shoulder, or where one Shoulder grows higher than another.

XII. If the Patient is come to their full Growth, the means of Cure, and all Tryals of this Ope∣ration is in vain.

XIII. If the Patient be very Young, the Compress, or Bodice, may be made of stiff Whale-bone; so fitted to keep the Back-bone upright, repress the bunching out, and defend the Parts.

XIV. And about the Seventh Vertebra of the Back, some ad∣vise to open an Issue, which is said to intercept the Humour flow∣ing down, if it should seem to affect the Hip, Reins, or Feet.

XV. Hildanus has an Obser∣vation, which I care not if I in∣sert, it is Cent. 5. Observ. 67. paginâ meà 458. of a young Girl about Eighteen Months old, who had the Vertebrae of her Loins beginning to grow bunch∣ed outwards.

XVI. After that some Barbers had for divers Months attempted the Cure, with Ʋnguents, Baths, and Plates of Lead, but all in vain, for that the Spine did bunch out daily more and more; Hildanus was then called, who found the Third and Fourth Vertebrae of the Loins to bunch out, as large as a Ducks Egg, which were gradually followed by the Second and Fifth.

XVII. By which means the Spine being grown into a great Bunch, especially towards the left side; it also made the left Leg much weaker than the right.

XVIII. First, he rubbed the Back, whole Thigh and Leg, with the following Water, to strengthen the Nerves. ℞ Water distilled from Juniper-berries without Wine, Waters of Sage, Betony, and La∣vender a. ℥ij. Pouder of Tormentil-Roots, and Rose-Leaves a. ʒij. make an Infusion, by digesting eight or ten days in a large Vessel, de∣cant the clear, and keep it for use.

XIX. After Chasing, he appli∣ed the following Emplaster. ℞ Emplast. Slotani (or, in place thereof, Ammoniacum cum Cicuta) ℥v. new Wax ℥ij. Osteocolla ℥j. Pouders of Comfrey-Roots, Terrae sigillata a. ʒij. Pouders of Balau∣stians, Cypress-Nuts, Damask-Roses a. ʒj. mix them over a gentle Fire, and make an Em∣plaster, by adding Oil of Roses, or of Mastich q.s.

XX. To repress the Extuberance of the Vertebrae, he made an Iron Plate, a little bent, long and broad enough to cover the whole Gibbosity, and quilted it into a Compress, or Bodice, between Cloths, that it might hurt the Child the less.

XXI. This Compress was worn upon the Naked Body, and so fitted, as to comprehend all her Belly, to the Muliebria: It was tied on with a long Strap over the mid∣dle of the Belly; and about the

Brest, it was gently tied, that it might not straiten the Ribs, or Midriff.

XXII. But below the Bastard Ribs, to the bottom of the Ab∣domen, it was straitly tied, that the Iron Plate might repress the bunching-out Vertebrae.

XXIII. And lest the Compress should have slipt upwards, two Straps, an Inch broad, were fast∣ned on each side the Groin, to go under the Perinaeum, and to turn up again upon the But∣tocks, and so were fastned by Straps to the Compress on either side.

XXIV. He ordered all from the Hip to the Foot, to be Chafed with the aforesaid Water every day; and the Plaster and Chasing upon the Extuberance every Fourth, or Sixth day; by which means, through God's Blessing, the Child was Cured in Six Months: But she wore the Bodice and Plate, by reason of the weak∣ness of the Parts, Two Years; in which time she grew very well.

CHAP. XLI. CROOKEDNESS of the ARMS and LEGS.

I. IT is known by Sight: The Cause is many times Defluxi∣ons of Humours, Rickets, Kings-Evil, Dislocations, and Tumours, hard to be cured, called by Hip∣pocrates, Galangones.

II. The Prognosticks. If it be from a Contraction of the Tendons and Muscles, it is more easily Cured, than if it proceeds from Repletion of the Cavities, by a thick, pituitous and viscous Hu∣mour, which may fall, not only in this, but in other Joints, af∣ter Defluxions, great Pain and Weakness.

III. If also there be a Callus, in or near the Joint, (from an E∣rosion of the two ends of the Bones by some sharp Humour, whereby an intervening Callus makes them grow into one, as in Fractures) then it is in vain to attempt the Cure: For, let the Artist do what he can, it will ever after be stiff and useless.

IV. The Cure. If it be without a Callus, after Ʋniversals have been premised, let the Nerves, Muscles and Tendons be soft∣ned by Emollients, either by Fomenting or Anointing.

V. You may Foment with the Powers of Amber or Aniseeds: If you anoint, you may do it with this. ℞ Oil of bitter Almonds ℥iv. Oleum Succini, Anisi. a. ℥j. mix them: It softens beyond all imagination.

VI. Also, the Disaffected Part ought to be held an hour or two in a hot Bath of warm Water, in

every Gallon of which, ℥iij. of Sal Armoniack is dissolved.

VII. And you may after Bathing, apply this following Cataplasm: ℞ Baked Turneps lbij. Oil of Tur∣pentine and Aniseeds, a. ℥iij. mix, and apply it as hot as can well be indured, letting it lye on all Night.

VIII. Which done, Bathe it a∣gain, as before directed; then a∣noint with the aforementioned Oil, and after apply the afore∣directed Cataplasm again; which course repeat twice a day, so long till you find the contracted Part made somewhat supple and pliant.

IX. Then come to the Applicati∣on of the Instruments, which ought to be so ordered, as, 1. To crush the Prominent and Convex Parts. 2. That it may scarcely touch the hollow, but rather defend it from Compression. 3. That it be so fitted to the Parts, as to hinder motion as little as may be.

X. The Instrument is various, according to the Parts affected; but that which serves for the El∣bow, may serve for the Wrist and Knee, which is thus:

XI. Make a Casket of Wood or Iron, in fashion of a Ring, and of such a breadth as may compass the whole Joint: In that for the Knees, there must be a hollow for the Rotula, in the midst of the Casket must be a Screw, which is to pass into the Ring, the Ring also having Hinges, by which it may open and shut; to the Gasket put straps of Leather to fasten it, both above and be∣low the Joint. The Screw is made, to bring gradually the Joint into form. See the Fi∣gure thereof in Scultetus, Ta∣ble 18. Fig. I. and Table 43. at C.

XII. Immediately, upon the Part affected you must put an E∣mollient or softning Emplaster, with which it must be dressed twice a day; I have found mighty suc∣cess in a Cerecloth made of Empl. de Minio, made with Oil, without Wax, and not boil'd too much; it alone restored a Con∣tracture in the Elbow, of many Years standing.

XIII. Then six the Instrument to it, which let be well guarded with Tow, Cotton, or Lint, to be kept on Night and Day, as you see occasion, or as the Pa∣tient can bear it.

XIV. Every time the Insiru∣ment is taken off, the Part must be bathed, or fomented, anoin∣ted, and a new Emplaster ap∣plied, straitening the Instru∣ment every Day, as you see the disaffection requires it.

XV. By this means the Crooked Limb comes to be extended, which is yet to be done with all gentle∣ness, lest Pain be excited, and evil Symptoms arise.

XVI. If the Contracture is in the Knee, whilst the Instrument is sixt to it, the Patient ought to walk gently upon it, if he be able. But if it be in the Arm, he must then often stirit, sometimes for∣wards, and sometimes back∣wards.

XVII. Hildanus his description of the Instrument for the Thigh. It is a wooden Case or Cradle, made hollow, and fit to receive

the Thigh about the middle; and the Small of the Leg a little above the Ancle.

XVIII. Then there must be an Iron Hoop, fit to receive the Knee, with an Hinge to open and shut, and with a Button, and several holes to straiten or widen it, as there shall be occasion: A Male Screw must be put thro' a hole in the Hoop, just in the Ham, and a hole in the wooden Cra∣dle, which is placed behind, and made fast with strings to the middle of the Thigh, and Small of the Leg. This Male Screw, must rest by a Shoul∣der in the Hoop; then the Fe∣male Screw must screw on be∣hind the wooden Cradle, and thereby the Leg extended, as much as you see needful.

XIX. Hildanus has C•…•…ed Crooked Elbows without this In∣strument, only by the use of Emol∣lients, and causing the Patient every Hour to lift some heavy Mat∣ter with his Hand, as a Pail full of Stones, and to walk about with it; this is an easie Me∣thod, but he says he has found great success in it.

XX. Crookedness of the Legs is also many times remedied by Boots, Splints, Boulsters, and such like, fitted to the Part, u∣sing withal, Emollient Baths, Oils, Ointments, and Empla∣sters.

CHAP. XLII. CROOKEDNESS of the FINGERS.

I. THE same Method that we have prescribed in softning the Contracted Nerves, Tendons, and Muscles of other Parts, must be taken here; after which an Extender ought to be fitted to the Finger or Fingers contract∣ed, to stretch them forth gra∣dually, (if the thing is to be done;) and the use thereof to be continued so long, till the Parts are restored to their natu∣ral Situation, conformation and Use.

II. Hildanus, Cent. 1. Observ. 83. has a famous Example. I had a Patient, (says he) a Child, about fourteen Months old, who, falling into the Fire, burnt his right hand.

III. His four Fingers, and the external Part of the Metacarpus were so burnt, that the ends of his Fingers were drawn back, to their first Articulation or Roots.

IV. The Father of the Child committed the Cure to Ignorant Persons; so that the Skin of the back of the Hand and Fingers was shrunk up, and grown to∣gether into a kind of Globular Form.

V. About Seven Months after

it was healed, the Child was brought to me: I first Purged it with Broth in which Manna was dissolved; then I used the fol∣lowing Emollient Decoction and Ointment, for several days.

VI. The Decoction. ℞ Al∣thaea, the whole Plant, Root and all, Roots of Bryony, of white Li∣lies a. ℥j. Flowers of Camomil, Melilot, Hypericon, Ground-pine, Germander a. M.j. Linseed, Foenu∣greek-seed a. ℥j. Broth made of a Wethers or Calves Feet and Head q.s. mix, and boil them together for a Fomentation.

VII. I anointed the whole Arm and Hand with this Ointment: ℞ Ointment of Marsh-mallows ℥j. Mans-grease, Hens, Goose and Bears-grease a. ℥ij. Mucilage of Earthworms ℥ss. mix, and make an Ointment.

VIII. After Anointing, I wrapt the Hand (says he) in Empla∣strum de Mucilaginibus; by which means the Contracted Sinews, and Callosity of the back of the Hand and Fingers, grown together on the said back of the Hand, were sufficiently mollified.

IX. I then with a Rasour cut away the Callus, between the Fin∣gers and Metacarpus, then I se∣parated the Fingers; after which I strewed on my Pouder to stop Bleeding, and applied Whites of Eggs mixt with Rose and Plantane-water, together with Oil of Roses.

X. Which done, I applied a De∣fensative to the Wrist, and A∣nointed the whole Arm with Oils of Roses, of Myrtles and Earthworms.

XI. The next Day was laid upon the Incisions this Digestive, with soft Lint. ℞ Turpentine wash∣ed in Rose and Plantane-waters ℥j. Oils of Roses and of Eggs, a. ℥ij. Saffron ℈ss. Yolk of one Egg, mix them. And withal, the Arm was Anointed with the a∣forementioned Oils.

XII. The Fifth Day I applied an Instrument, with which, by degrees, the Fingers were drawn and extended to their natural site.

XIII. It was made of a Splint three Inches broad, and long e∣nough to reach nearly from the Elbow to the Wrist: And at the end next the Wrist, it had a stick fastned a-cross it, with four round Pegs standing up.

XIV. The Splint was tied in two places round the Arm, with a Band; which being thus tied on, and well Lined with Lint or Cotton, Finger-stalls of Leather were put upon the Ends of the Fingers, with Strings to fasten them to the Four Pegs before-mentioned.

XV. Every Day they were bent more and more, which that it might be the better done, the Arm and Hand were Anointed with the Ointment at Sect. 7. above, as oft as the Wounds were dressed.

XVI. And that the Fingers might not grow together again, Plates of Lead were put between them: Thus were the Fingers, by little and little, restored to their natural Posture.

XVII. Mean season, the Wounds were healed and Cicatrized; not

with vehement Driers, but with things which were withal a lit∣tle Emollient; whereby, with the Blessing of God, the Hand was perfectly Cured.

CHAP. XLIII. CROOKED FEET and TOES.

I. CRookedness between the Joints, if the Patient be Young, is cured by the like Means and Instruments; but they are commonly fitted to the Part, that they may be serviceable, and not troublesom. See Paraeus, Lib. 23. Cap. 10.

II. If the Feet be Distorted, or turned Inwards, it is called Va∣ris; but if Outwards, Valgus.

III. In Varis, bind the Ancles together, and put Bolsters between the Great Toes: In Valgus, bind them close at the Toes, and put thick Bolsters between the An∣cles and Heels.

IV. If they have been of long standing, you must have half Cases, from above the Knees to the Toes, made of Steel, Brass, Wood or Leather, to which fit Straps and Buckles to fasten them, one at the Gartering place, one a little above the Ancle, and another where the Shoes are tied.

V. We will give you an Exam∣ple of a Cure of this kind, out of the Famous Hildanus, Cent. 6. Obser. 90. A Woman with Child going in Pattens, stumbled, and was out of order after it: When brought to Bed, (which was of a Boy) its right Foot was dis∣torted, so much that his Toes, and all his Foot turned inwards, towards the inside of his An∣cle.

VI. So that the Child when grown big enough to walk, trod more upon the out-part of his An∣cle, than the Sole of his Foot: For this, much means was tryed, but all in vain.

VII. When he was something a∣bove Three Years old, and all the hopes of Restoration were past, they desired my help: I viewed, and considered well; but (to speak Truth) despaired of restoring the Foot, for that the distorti∣on was old and confirmed.

VIII. Yet at the Parents re∣quest, I attempted the Cure; first purging the Child with Manna, and Syrup of Roses Solutive, al∣ternatim; lest by Baths and Fo∣mentations I should attract Hu∣mours to the Part affected.

IX. The Body twice or thrice purged, the following Emollient Decoction was used two or three times a Day, for Ten or Twelve Days together.

X. ℞ Roots of Althaea, Mal∣lows, a. ℥ss. Herbs and Flowers of Betony, Ground-pine, Camomil and Melilot Flowers, a. M. j.

Linseed and Foenugreek-seed, a. ℥j. Broth of Sheeps Feet and Heads q.s. mix, and make a Decoction, for use.

XI. After the Foot and Leg had been somented with the former Decoction, they were a∣nointed with this Ointment: ℞ Oil of white Lilies, of sweet Almonds, a. ℥ss. Oil of Earth∣worms ℥j. Oil of Juniper-berries ℥ij. mix them.

XII. Then the following Em∣plaster was applied; ℞ Empl. de Mucilaginibus ℥ijss. Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Spirit of Juniper and strained, and boil∣ed again to a thickness ℥j. new Wax ℥ss. Oil of Eggs ℥j. dissolve over a gentle Fire; and mix there∣with Pouder of Betony Flowers, of Ground-pine, and Red Roses, a. ℈ij. Saffron, Pouder of Earth∣worms, Mastich, Olibanum, a. ʒj. mix, and make an Emplaster, S.A. adding a little Oil of Roses, if need be. It wonderfully molli∣fies, and strengthens the Ner∣vous Parts.

XIII. The Foot and other Parts being sufficiently softned, the E∣mollients were left off, and Corro∣boratives applied: But in the mean time, whilst the Emolli∣ents were used, a kind of Boot, or high Shoe was also put on, which shall hereafter be de∣scribed.

XIV. And although the Foot was wonderfully distorted, yet af∣ter the Emollients were for some time used, it were easily reduced into its natural form, and that without pains. But as soon as ever the Hand was off it, it would presently return to its former irregular Figure.

XV. And whenever the Foot was extended, and reduced to its Natural posture, a great hollow∣ness was selt between the inner Ancle, and the Sole of the Foot.

XVI. For the Process of the lower Appendix of the Os Tibiae, which constitutes the inner Ancle, (for that it had rested a long time upon the Os Calcis) was depressed, and stood at a di∣stance from the Os Calcis; and the Process of the Fibula, which makes the outward Ancle, was preternaturally prominent, and twisted the Foot inwards.

XVII. To reduce therefore the Foot to its natural Posture and Form, it was needful to sink the prominence of the Fibula, and a little to prolong the Defect of the Process of the Appendix of the os Tibiae: The former was performed by Art and Pains; the latter, through Natures As∣sistance.

XVIII. That Nature is thus wonderfully solicitous for the pre∣servation of her Individuum, I can demonstrate by an Instance in my Study.

XIX. I have the Skeleton of a Capon, which had broke its left Thigh-bone short off, and the one end of the broken Bone grew over the other by a firm Callus; and therefore that Leg must have been shorter than the other: But provident Nature made the Os Tibiae of that Leg of much longer than the Os Tibiae of the right, so that no Inequality or Defor∣mity was left.

XX. Now if it may be thus in

Brutes, why not so in Children, while they are growing, more es∣pecially if they be of a health∣ful Habit of Body, as this Patient was?

XXI. But to our Cure again: The Foot being thus sufficiently soft∣ned, it was (with the whole Leg) Anointed with this Mix∣ture: ℞ Juice of Earthworms, Aqua Betonicae, waters of Ground∣pine, Sage and Juniper a. q.s. mix them. After which the fol∣lowing Plaster was applied.

XXII. ℞ Emplastrum Slotani (or, in place thereof, Emplast. of Ammoniacum cum Cicuta) ℥iij. fine Gum Elemi, new Wax a. ℥j. Mastich, Olibanum, Earthworms, all in Pouder a. ʒij. Pouder of Red Roses, Balaustians, Cypress-Nuts a. ʒ j. Oil of Earthworms q.s. mix, and make a Cerate, which spread upon Leather, and apply it, renewing it every sixth day.

XXIII. Then having replaced the Foot in its natural Posture, which will be done without pain, the following Instrument was so cleverly applied to the Foot, that it could not get back into its former preternatural Posture, unless the Swaths and Bandage should chance to be loosned.

XXIV. The Instrument. It was made of Iron, shaped like a half Boot, but parted about the mid-leg, and held together by two Iron Pins, running into two Loops, and a Screw between them; to let the lower Part down, or draw it up tight, as occasion should require.

XXV. This lower part was so made, as to take hold of the Foot, and keep it from starting any way, out of its proper place, and was for the outside of the Leg, be∣ing fastned to a piece above the Knee, by a Pin to run on, for the Motion of the Knee.

XXVI. The inside of the Leg was covered with Splints lined with Tow or Cotton, and so the Instrument on the outside, was fastned round the Leg by Strings.

XXVII. The Foot being thus tied strait and fast in this manner, the Prominence of the Fibula was depressed, or at least hin∣dred from starting out.

XXVIII. And the Process of the lower Appendix of the Os Tibiae (since there was a hollow∣ness) might grow out, and so gra∣dually fill up the Emptiness about the inner Ancle. Thus the De∣formity, and ill Position of the Foot was rectified; so that when the Child walked, no fault was perceived.

XXIX. From what has been said, and may be observed in the History of this Cure, 'tis evident, that disaffections of this kind re∣quire long time, much Industry, and great Skill, with gentle Manage∣ment; for Violence does no good, it is Natures Business to correct and mend such Deformi∣ties, joined with a Skilful Artist's help.

XXX. The Child wore the a∣foresaid Instrument a whole Year; and then another was contrived for the Child to wear afterwards; because Children, when they are growing, must have new ones fitted to them, as the old ones are out-grown.

XXXI. And in such like Cases as these are, a Physician must set himself to work, to invent pro∣per Instruments; without which, the very best of Medicines may be used to no purpose.

VI. PROSTHESIS.

CHAP. XLIV. Of BALDNESS.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Prosthesis, addi∣tio, à 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, appono, is that part of the Art, which teaches how to add to, or supply Parts which are wanting; which are chiefly, 1. Hair, in Baldness. 2. A Lip, in a Hare-Lip. 3. Eyes, Nose, Teeth. 4. Arms and Legs; of which in order.

II. Baldness falls under the Title of Defedation; and therefore what relates to the Medicinal Cure, shall here be omitted, re∣ferring you to the Chapter of Baldness in Lib. 2. following.

III. There are several kinds of falling of the Hair, as, 1. Tinea, when the Hair falls off one by one, being eaten and consumed by certain Worms, known by the Hairs being one shorter than another, and uneven, small Worms sticking in their Ends.

IV. 2. Area, the falling off the Hair, from certain parts of the Head, and is threefold; 1. Alo∣pecia, a Fox-like shedding of the Hair, in Patches, without any kind of Figure. 2. Ophiasis, a Serpent-like shedding of the Hair, beginning in the hinder part of the Head, and creeping to the fore part of the Head. 3. Leprous, accompanied with Scales, Scurff, Dandriff, Morphew.

V. 3. Defluvium, wherein all or most of the Hair falls off, in most places of the Head; which is caused, 1. From Defect of Nourishment, as in Persons Consumptive, and such as are sick of Hectick or Malign Fevers. 2. From evil Humours, which eat and corrode the Roots of the Hair. 3. From the Rarity and ill Disposition of the Pores of the Skin.

VI. 4. Calvities, Baldness, when the Hair falls off wholly from the fore-part of the Head; caused from a defect of Nourishment, driness of the Brain, either thro' Age, or some violent Causes, as too much use of Coition.

VII. Many of these are very dif∣ficult to Cure; the last is said to be uncurable: The remedy in this Case, is an Artificial covering, being Hair made up into a Per∣riwig, according to the Barbers Art; of which we shall say no more in this place.

CHAP. XLV. Of a HARE-LIP.

I. IT is known by sight, being sometimes single, sometimes double; sometimes in one Lip only, and sometimes in both Lips.

II. Sometimes the Lip is much cleft, shewing two or three Teeth of the upper Jaw; sometimes 'tis less, and sometimes double cleft, there remaining only a piece between both, which, unless it be callous, need not be taken away, though its usual so to do.

III. Sometimes with these, not only the upper Jaw, but also the Roof of the Mouth is divided in two, one side of the upper Jaw-bone standing out, with a Tooth or two more than the other, without the Lip.

IV. The Cause. It is usually from Frights, and strong Fancies in the Mother, whilst she goes with Child; which are also many times the cause of Monstrous Births.

V. The Prognosticks. 'Tis more dangerous to be done upon a grown, than a young Person, tho' haply, it has sometimes been done in Persons of Thirty Years of Age.

VI. The younger Children are when they are Cut, the better and the safer it is; yea, if it may be, whilst they are Infants, un∣less they be sick or weak.

VII. The Cure. You ought to consult whether the loss of the part of the Hare-lip can be help'd by reunion, otherwise it is not to be meddled withal. It is a work of Art to excoriate the Parts, and keep them close together, that by the Blood they may unite.

VIII. Chuse a very clear place, and put the Patient into his proper Seat, (if a Child, into the Lap of a strong and discreet Person;) and let one stand behind to hold the Head, the Childs Hands be∣ing tied down; and, if possible, let it be kept from Sleep for ten or twelve Hours before the O∣peration, that it may be dispo∣sed for Sleep presently after it.

IX. Have also in readiness, a Glass of generous Wine, or some good Cordial, in case of Fainting; together with a Bason of Blood∣warm Water, Sponges, Pledgets, Bolsters, Bandage, Incision-Knife, cutting Pincers, Scissars, and five or six three-square Needles, threaded with Red Silk.

X. If the Deformity be great, be very cautious, lest you make it worse; if it sticks, or grows un∣to the Gums, which sometimes it does, you must divide them, putting Lint between, &c.

XI. Then taking up that part of the Lip which must be ex∣coriated, with the left hand, take off the Skin equally, either with a very sharp Knife, or else with a pair of good Scissars; so as it may become perfectly raw;

or as a green Wound, cutting to the very Angle of the Hia∣tus; doing the same in like manner on the other side, cut∣ting away so much as is need∣ful.

XII. Then with your Hand, draw the Parts together, and stitch them, observing this, not to take the Stitches superficially, but through all; passing the Needle straight through the Lip, from the outside inwards, on the one side; and from the inside out∣wards, on the other side.

XIII. Then tie the Threads, and fasten the ends, and cut them off; but observe, not to take your Stitches too near the edges of the Wound, but at a good distance, lest the hold should break: The number of which is to be determined by the ampli∣tude of the Wound.

XIV. After the Stitching is done, let Compresses, or Bolsters be dipt in Whites of Eggs and Rose-water beaten together, and applied, both to the inside and outside of the Wound.

XV. Then a fine, soft, and smooth piece of Linnen, of about half an Inch broad, dipt in Posca, must be applied to the inside of the Lip, to keep it from Fluxion: And a fine, soft, and smooth Rowler, of about three Inches broad, dipt also in Posca, must be brought along obliquely a∣bove the Ears, and must be tied tightly behind the Head.

XVI. When a Day, or some∣thing better is past, remove the Compresses, and apply Congluti∣nants, with Lint and Unguentum ex Cerussa, and a Plaster of Ceratum ex Cerussa applied over it.

XVII. But to the Inside, you must apply Syrupus ex Rosis siccis, Syrup of Myrtles; and if there is much foulness, Julep of Violets with Mel Rosarum, which used either alone, or mixed, hasten the Coalition, or Uniting.

XVIII. Or you may use this. ℞ Honey of Roses ℥v. Syrup of dried Roses ℥i. Myrrh in fine Pouder ʒiss. mix them; spread it on a Rag, and apply it often to the inside of the Lip.

XIX. When the Parts seem well united, which may be at the end of the third day, you may loosen some of the Stitches; but then you ought to hold the Parts easily together, with a sticking Emplaster, till there is a per∣fect Coalition: And then, as soon as the Glew sticks, the Stitches may wholly be loosed.

XX. This is a good Glew. ℞ Glair of Eggs q.v. Chalk in impalpable Pouder q.s. mix them.

XXI. Or this. ℞ Glair of Eggs N^o ij. Gum Tragacanth, Gum Arabick, Mastich, Frank∣incense a. ʒ v. the other Ingre∣dients being in fine Pouder, mix them with the Glair to a Con∣sistency.

XXII. Then get two double∣pasted Cloths, about three Inches long, and as broad as the Lip; with Threads fastned at small, but equal distances in both, in each a like number.

XXIII. Spread these Cloths with the sticking Emplaster; ap∣plying the ends where there are no Threads, wet to the Lip,

but so as the outmost Edges of the double Cloth, meet not by about four Inches, from the edg of the Wound.

XXIV. About six Hours after the Plasters are applied, they will be fast and dry; at what time you may tie the Threads gently, so close, that the Lips of the Wound may seem close, and there be no pain.

XXV. Which done, dress the Wound with drying and healing Balsams, which while it is doing, loosen the Threads, wipe the Wound, apply the Balsam, and then tie the Threads again; over which put a thin Cloth, and a Rowler; which work do twice a day, till it is perfectly healed.

XXVI. But some advise to ap∣ply at Bed-time, Ceratum ex Ce∣russa, binding it on with a Row∣ler: Which, since there is a difference in Flesh, as to heal∣ing, I should rather advise you to make use of that which will best agree.

XXVII. Scultetus does the Work after another manner, and I think as well, or better. Tab. 35. Fig. 8. The Cloven Lip must be taken hold of, on both sides; and if growing to the Gums, must be separated with a fit Knife, and a Linnen Cloth must be put in between the Lip and the Gums, that they may not grow together again.

XXVIII. Then sticking Em∣plasters must be applied on both sides the Cleft, with Strings; which being done, and dried fast on, the Lips of the Fissure must be renewed, or made raw with a pair of Scissars, and being re∣newed, they must be brought to touch one another with stitch∣ing, which will not so soon break forth again; but being by the Strings drawn together, will be kept so, till the Coali∣tion is perfect, by the help of Spanish Balsam.

XXIX. Or thus. Having cut both sides of the Hare-lip, so much as is needfull, pass through them a Needle or two, as there may be occasion, leaving them in, and wind the Thread about the ends of the Needle, as Taylors do, when they stick them on their Sleeves.

XXX. Then anoint the Lips first, and Wound with Spanish Balsam, Lucatellus Balsam, or Balsam de Peru, de Chili, or any other proper Unguent, which you may strengthen with the dry Stitch, as before direct∣ed.

CHAP. XLVI. PARTS of the HEAD Supplied.

I. THAT Supply which is made of Flesh taken from a living Body, learnedly treated of by Gasper Taliacotius, the Bono∣nian Professor of Anatomy, is so difficult and painful, besides the necessary preparation for the Work, the Symptoms that fall out in the doing of it, and the danger that follows the least neglect; that it is seldom or never attempted in our Days: And therefore, by reason of the Difficulty and Unsuccessfulness thereof, we shall wholly preter∣mit it; referring those which are curious in that kind, to the Author himself.

II. However, Artificial Eyes, Nose, Palate, Teeth, &c. may be made to supply those Defects, of several other Materials; of which, Ambrose Parrey, lib. 23. cap. 1. ad 7. has spoken at large.

I. Of the Eyes.

III. If therefore, the Eye hap∣pen to be broken, or put out by any Violence or Inflammation, or if it waste or consume, by reason of a Consumption of its proper Sub∣stance, there can be no hope to restore the Sight or Function of the Eye; but you may cover the Deformity of the Eye so lost, by another Eye Artificially made of Gold, Silver or Glass, coun∣terfeited and Enamel'd, so as it may seem to have the Bright∣ness, Decency, and Life of the Natural Eye; which may be put into the place of the Eye so lost.

IV. If it cannot be worn, being put into the place, you must make a stiff Iron or Brass Wire, like unto Womens Ear Wires; which may be so formed, as to bind the Head harder or looser (as the Patient shall see reason) from the lower Part of the Head be∣hind, above the Ear, unto the greater Corner of the Eye.

V. This Wire ought to be cover∣ed with Silk, and made somewhat broad at both ends, lest that the sharpness thereof should hurt any part it comes to; but the end in which the Artificial Eye must be put, ought to be broader than the other, and covered with a thin piece of Leather, that up∣on it the Colours and liveliness of the Eye may be shadowed and Counterfeited.

II. Of the Nose.

VI. If the Nose be lost, it is requisite to make a Nose-Artificial of Gold, Silver, Tin, Paper, or Linnen Cloth glewed together; and it ought to be Coloured, Coun∣terfeited and made, both for Fashion, Figure and Bigness,

that it may as much as possible, resemble a natural Nose.

VII. This Artificial Nose must be stayed with little Threads or Strings, unto the hinder part of the Head, or a Cap upon the Head: And if any part of the upper Lip is lost with the Nose, you may shadow it with an Appendix to the Nose, and Counterfeit it according to Art, like the for∣mer.

III. Of the Ears.

VIII. The Ear is gone, either wholly or in part: If it be wholly wanting, another must be made of Paper Artificially glewed to∣gether; or else of Leather, which is much better, and so fastned with Laces from the top or hin∣der part of the Head, that it may stand in the appointed place.

IX. Or you may have an Arti∣ficial Ear made of Leather, and Counterfeited or Painted, so that it may resemble the Shape and Co∣lour of a Natural Ear; which may be retained in the place where it ought to stand, with a Steel or Brass Wire coming from the top, or hinder Part of the Head, as we have before spoken of the Eye.

X. If the Ear be only lost in part, it ought not to be neglected; but you must make many holes in the remaining part, with a Bodkin; and after that the holes are cica∣trized, or healed, let some con∣venient thing be artificially for∣med, like unto the part of the Ear lost, which being shadowed and Painted, let it be tied, or fastned, unto the remaining part by those holes.

IV. Of the Palate.

XI. If a part or portion of the Bone of the Palate being broken by any accident, is lost; or corroded, through the Virulency of the Pox, falls away (as is usual,) where∣by the Patients cannot easily pro∣nounce their words, but ob∣scurely, and with snuffling; this is to be remedied by an Artifi∣cial Palate, or a Plate filling the Vacancy in the Roof of the Mouth.

XII. It ought to be made of Gold or Silver, a little bigger than the Cavity it self is, as thick in the middle nearly as a Crown-piece, and in form like unto a Dish: On the upper side, which shall be towards the Head or Brain, a little Spunge must be fastned, which when it is moistned with the moisture distilling from the Head and Brain, will be swollen and puffed up, so that it will fill the Cavity of the Palate, that the Artificial one shall not fall down, but stand fast and firm, as if it stood of it self.

V. Of the Teeth.

XIII. If the fore Teeth are broken, or come forth of their places, causing a Deformity to the Mouth, or causing a Lisping, and hindring a right Pronounciation; other Teeth are Artificially made of Bone or Ivory, which may be put in the place of those which are wanting.

XIV. They must be joined fast one to another, and also so fastned unto the Natural Teeth adjoining,

which are whole; And this must be done with fine Gold or Silver Wire; or, for want of them, with a common well twisted Thread of Silk, throughly wax∣ed for strength sake.

CHAP. XLVII. ARTIFICIAL ARMS and LEGS.

I. IT is Necessity which investi∣gates the Means whereby we may help and imitate Nature, and supply the Defects of Members, which are perished and lost; which in the Case of Arms or Legs, may well be done with Silver, Latten, Steel, Copper, Wood, or other fit Matter.

II. And some have been made by Ingenious Smiths, or other Artifi∣cers, with which the Party which wore them, have performed the proper Functions of going, standing, and handling; and with their Artificial Legs, Feet, Arms and Hands, have done other necessa∣ry Flexions and Extensions, be∣yond what can possibly be ima∣gined, by any but such as have seen them.

III. These, says Ambrose Par∣rey, are not only profitable for the Necessities of the Body, but also for the Decency and Comliness thereof; whose Forms or Figures you may see in the said Author, lib. 23. cap. 12. Page 532, 533, & 534.

IV. Arms, Hands, and Fingers must be made of Iron, or Latten, with many Wheels and Screws, to make the required Motion, that they may be the more useful, when applied to the Intention; and they are to be conveniently fixed to the Shoulder, Elbow or Wrist, and be tied on with Strings.

V. Legs, Feet and Toes are more frequently made use of, espe∣cially the first; some being made in the form of natural Legs, others all small downwards, with a Seat, wherein are put small Pillows or Bolsters for the Knee to rest on; which also are to be fastned with Strings to the Thigh.

VI. Sometimes also it happens, that the Patient who had the Nerves or Tendons of his Leg wound∣ed, long after the Wound is whole and consolidated, cannot go but with very great Pain and Misery, by reason that the Foot cannot follow the Muscle which should draw it up.

VII. To remedy this, you must fasten a Linnen Band (moderately strong) unto the Shooe which the Patient wears on his pained Foot; and at the Knee it must have a slit, where the Knee may come forth in bowing of the Leg.

VIII. This Linnen Band, or Strap, coming thus up above the Knee, must be trussed up fast un∣to the Patients Middle, that it may in some measure move, lift up, and erect the Foot in going.

VII. REPORTS.

CHAP. XLVIII. Of REPORTS in General.

I. WHAT Care ought to be taken in making Reports. The Chirurgian ought to be ve∣ry considerate, ingenious and wise, because the Events of Dis∣eases and Accidents are often doubtful and uncertain: Nor is it easie to presage rightly of Life or Death, by reason of the uncertain Condition of the Bo∣dy, and of the Humours with which it abounds. He ought to be a Man of Honesty, Integrity and Piety, that he may not be carried away with Favour, nor corrupted with Rewards; but give a just Report to the Magi∣strate, as the Nature of the thing requires.

II. Now the Report is made concerning a wounded Body, either alive, or after Death. The rea∣son of which is, that a Magi∣strate may do Justice upon the Offender, according to the Qua∣lity of the Demerit: For if the Man be alive, he ought to have the Prognosticks from the Chi∣rurgian, to know the Probabili∣ties or Hopes of Life, or the Danger of Death; that accord∣ingly he may deal with the Ma∣lefactor, sending him to close Prison, or suffering him to give Bail, and go at large. If it be of a Body dead, to know how the Deceased came by his End, that Courts of Judicature may proceed the more justly.

I. Of Wounds, Mortal, Dange∣rous and Safe.

III. Of Wounds, some are Mor∣tal; some Dangerous; some Safe. Those Wounds may be called Mortal, which are made in a Principal Part; and therefore they are denominated from the Nature and Quality of the Parts, alone: For from the Essence of the Wound, it cannot be, because a Wound, as to its Es∣sence is the same in all Parts, it being a fresh Solution of U∣nity in a soft Part; so that, were any Wound in its Essence Mortal, all Wounds would for that reason be Mortal, and none Safe.

IV. Whether Wounds may be said to be Mortal, from any supervening Symptom: 'Tis true, if grievous Symptoms come between, such a Man must be mortally affected; but in truth, no Wound has from the Symptoms any thing, why it should be Mortal; for if

a Man was wounded in his Foot, and an Inflammation, Gan∣grene, or Convulsion should follow upon it, whereby the Patient should die, must the Wound therefore be said to be Mortal? If so, all Wounds may be so denominated. There∣fore, though supervening Sym∣ptoms may bring Death, yet they can never alter the Nature of a Wound.

V. What Wounds then may be said to be Mortal? Truly all such as are made in the Prin∣cipal Parts and Fountains of the Body; as the Brain, Heart, Li∣ver, Stomach, (from the great Necessity of its Action) and Spinal Marrow, (from its great Affinity with the Brain:) Also such as are made in those Parts, which once divided, scarcely ever grow together again; and yet they exercise some neces∣sary Action of Life; as the Dia∣phragma, Small Guts, and Blad∣der: Lastly, such Parts, as by their large Effusion of Blood, or Spirits, destroy Life, as the great Arteries and Veins. And Hippocrates, Praedict. 2. Aph. 6. and in some other places, dis∣coursing of Mortal Wounds, takes them from the Nature of the wounded Part, and never from any thing else. Yet, if a Man be bit in the Finger by a Viper, or a Rattle-Snake, that may be said to be a Mortal Wound, though neither the Quality of the Part, nor Great∣ness of the Wound makes it so; but that is so, only from the Quality of the Poison infused.

VI. Invisible Wounds in the Great Arteries and Veins, never bring Death, without the inter∣vening of heavy Symptoms. From whence it appears, that those Symptoms, through whose in∣tervention wounded Persons seem to die, do always follow the Nature, Quality, and Ex∣cellency of the wounded Part: So if the Mouth of the Stomach should be wounded, Swooning necessarily supervening, kills the Patient: If the Brain be wounded, a Convulsion, or A∣poplexy supervening, the Party dies: So that Mortal Wounds wholly depend upon the Nature of the Parts wounded; and whatever Symptoms supervene, they always succeed according to the Nature and Property of the Part.

VII. Such Wounds are dange∣rous, as are inflicted on the less Noble or Principal Parts; as a Wound of the Lungs, Spleen, Testicles, Womb, &c. For Wounds of the Lungs have been healed, so also Wounds of the Womb; and the Spleen and Testicles have been totally taken away, and the Animal has done well again: These are such Wounds, as Galen says, have an equal tendency to Life or Death. And to these, such Wounds as are called Cacoethe, or Malig∣nant, and such as are Contu∣macious to Cure, may be refer∣red; also such as touch the ex∣tream Parts of the Liver, or the Meninges of the Brain.

VIII. Such Wounds are safe, which are in Places remote from the Principal Parts, and are void of dangerous Symptoms: That is

to say, such as tend according to the Course of Nature, to Recovery; but these Parts are manifold, and of various kinds, according to their Place and Si∣tuation, Majority or Minority, and other proper Circumstances.

II. Of Wounds, Great.

IX. Wounds, says Paraeus, are called Great in a threefold re∣spect; the First is from the Great∣ness of the Dissolved Ʋnity, or Resolution of Continuity. And such are those Wounds, which made by a violent stroke of a Back Sword, have cut off an Arm or a Leg, or have wounded the Brest over-thwart.

X. The Second is, from the Dignity or Worthiness of the Part: Now this Dignity depends on the Excellency of the Action; thus any little Wound made with a Bodkin or Tuck, in any Part whose Substance is Noble, as the Brain, Heart, Liver, or any other Part, whose Action and Function is necessary to preserve Life, as the Wind∣pipe, Lungs, Bladder, is judged Great.

XI. The Third is, from the ill Habit, or Abundance of ill Hu∣mours, or Debility of the wound∣ed Person: So Wounds made in the Nervous Parts, and old de∣cayed People, are said to be Great; but in searching of Wounds, the Chirurgian ought to take Care, that he be not de∣ceived by his Probe; for some∣times it cannot go into the bottom of the Wound, but stops and sticks by the way; either because the Patient is not placed in the same Posture he was in, when he received the Wound; or else, for that the stroke being made down-right, slipt aside to the right or left Hand; or upwards, or down∣wards; whereby, expecting that the Wound is but small, may judge that it may be cured in a short time, whenas it may ei∣ther be long in Curing, Dange∣rous, or Mortal.

XII. For this Cause sake, in some Cases the Artist ought for some time to suspend his Judg∣ment. For from the First day it behoves him to suspend his Prognosticks of the Wound, un∣til the Ninth, because in such a space of time, the Accidents may truely shew themselves, whether they be Small or Great, according to the Condition of the Wound, and Habit of the wounded Person; State of the Air, Season of the Year, or o∣ther Qualities attendant.

III. Diseases, Great or Small, Long or Short, Mortal, or not.

XIII. But mostly the Signs where∣by we may judge, whether Diseases are Great or Small, Long or Short, Mortal, or not, are four. They are drawn either from the Na∣ture and Essence of the Disease; or from the Cause, or the Effects thereof; or from the Simili∣tude, Proportion and Compa∣rison of those Diseases, with the Season, or Constitution of the Time; as whether it be Health∣ful or Sickly, Malign, Pestilen∣tial, or otherwise.

XIV. Being called therefore to a Green Wound, whose Essence, and Nature, and Danger, is no other but a simple Solution of Continuity in the Musculous Flesh; we may presently pronounce, that the Wound is of no danger, but will soon be Cured: But if it have an Ulcer with it, or is Sa∣nious, then we may say, it will be more difficult, and long in Curing; and so of all other Dis∣eases, taking the Signs from their Essence and Nature.

XV. What are the Signs taken from the Causes. Those which are taken from the Magnitude, Weight, and Form of the Wea∣pon, or other Matter causing. So a Wound made with a heavy and sharp Edged, or Pointed, Weapon, as a Halbert, if the Blow be with great Violence, must be accounted great; and also Mortal, if the Accidents be corresponding.

XVI. What are the Signs, from the Effects. Truly if a Patient fall to the Ground, through the Violence of the stroke; if a Cholerick Vomiting follow thereon; if his Sight fail him, and there be a Vertigo; if Blood comes forth at his Eyes and Nose, and if Distraction or a Delirium follow, with loss of Memory, and Sense of Feeling; we may say, that the hope of Life is small; and that it only remains to be presaged from the Similitude and Comparison of the Wound, with respect to the Season, and Constitution of the Time.

XVII. What are the Signs from the Similitude, &c. These are taken from the likeness of the affect, to another of the same kind; also the Likeness and Comparison of the Season, con∣sidered in respect to its Con∣stitution: For at some time, through fault of the Air, and evil Humours in Mens Bodies, and the Disturbance of them, most Gun-Shot Wounds are Mortal: So in some Seasons, the Measles, Small-Pox, Vomi∣ting, Fluxes and Fevers, carry with them a kind of Pestilent Contagion; whereby, in such Constitutions of the Air, the Judgments of Diseases are the less difficult.

IV. Wounds considered, in respect to the Parts hurt.

XVIII. All Wounds received in the Outside; and Forepart of the Body, do for the most part hurt Extension; and what are received on the Inside, Flexion, or Bending. For Galen demonstrates, that Inside Muscles serve for bend∣ing of a Part, and External for stretching it out. A Muscle so long operates, as it is contract∣ed towards its beginning, and draws the part moved, towards that; whether it be done by drawing the whole Muscle to that they call the Head; or when it is drawn in the whole, or altogether.

XIX. Whether the External or Internal Muscles are cut asunder, in both, the Figure of the Part re∣mains immoveable. For neither Extension is lost alone, nor Fle∣xion alone, but both continue, and both are lost together; not that the Operation really pe∣rishes, whose Muscles are in∣tire;

but because those Muscles succeed one another in their Operations by turns: For the internal bending Muscle being whole, the external Extensor being cut, at first indeed you may bend the Part, but you cannot bend it again, unless you extend it with something else: & contra, if the internal Muscle or Bender is cut, the External, or Extensor, being whole, this will extend at first, but no more afterwards, unless the Part be bended with your Hand again; for then the whole Muscle will perform its Operation again.

XX. Since some Parts are com∣posed of many Joints, it sometime happens, that the Function of the Part where the Wound is made, is not always hurt, but of an ad∣joining Part, which is tied to the wounded Part by Articulation: Because Muscles are derived from superjacent Bones, where∣in there are Acetabula, and are inserted after the beginnings of the subjacent, which are to be moved; and by these intense Muscles, when their Heads are drawn upwards, the whole Mem∣ber is drawn up with them.

XXI. So that if a Wound is made in the Brachium, it will hurt the Functions of the Cubit; if it be made in the Scapula, it will hurt the Functions of the Brachium, &c. But the use of a Part is not always lost, by the cutting of one Muscle, where several Muscles conspire to that one Action; and therefore the cutting of that singular Muscle, is not sufficient for the whole Action of the Part.

V. What the Event of the Wound may be.

XXII. If it should be demand∣ed of us in a Court of Judicature, what the Issue of a Wound may be, before the Event is seen; as, whether the Man will be Lame, or made Imperfect in any of his Functions: To that we answer, that great care is to be taken in this Matter, that no room may be left for reprehension, so as to lay the blame upon the Physicians Cure, and not upon the Wound received: But this you are to understand, that we intend not here all kinds of Hurts, but of some which have respect to the Animal Function; to wit, such as are External, whereby some manifest and vo∣luntary Motion is hurt: But the Evil which is done to the Na∣tural and Vital Instruments, are not intended here, because upon Recovery, no such Im∣ment may be left, as may obstruct the doing his ordinary Affairs.

XXIII. For, if the Heart, Lungs, Liver, Stomach, Arte∣ries, or Veins, should be hurt or wounded, it either kills the Pa∣tient, or he escapes: If he escapes, he may perform voluntary Mo∣tions, and go about his ordinary Occasions.

XXIV. From what has been said, it may be deduced, that a Muscle is the Instrument of Spon∣taneous or voluntary Motion; to wit, of that Motion, which is at the command of our Will: For there is no Part in the whole Body, which if it has a Sponta∣neous Motion, but it has Muscles inserted into it; which Muscle

is said to consist of three Parts, 1. The Beginning, which is called the Head and Rise of the Muscle, coming from the Bone. 2. The Middle, or Belly, which is of a carnous or fleshy Sub∣stance, with many Fibres dis∣persed in it, from Ligaments and Nerves. 3. The two Ends, which are Nervous: Now the end of a Muscle is called a Ten∣don, because its Action is to extend, and the Muscle ends in it, being made up of many mixt Fibres, and is inserted either into a Bone, or into another Muscle, to wit, into that Part which is to be moved. And though Galen may say, that a Tendon, not a Muscle, is the Instrument of voluntary Moti∣on, the Difference is not great; for a Tendon is indeed a part of a Muscle, and that to which the Action is principally owing; but the Muscle is the entire In∣strument of Moving, so that it makes not much, whether the Property of the Function be at∣tributed to the one or the other.

XXV. A Muscle then being the Instrument of voluntary Motion, if the Muscle be hurt, the Motion of the Part familiar to the Muscle, •…•…st needs be hurt. If a Muscle 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Incised, its Motion is only ••urt; but if it be cut transverse at right Angles, or asunder, its Motion will be lost in the subject Parts: Now the mea∣sure of the Hurt is proportional to the measure of the Section; more Motion being lost in grea∣ter Sections, and less in lesser.

XXVI. What has been said of a Muscle, the same is to be under∣stood of a Tendon. For if you cut them quite asunder, you de∣stroy the Motion of that Part; if you make Incision, you will so far hurt it as you make Inci∣sion; and the same thing is to be understood of the Heads of the Muscles; for when the Head of a Muscle is cut, it per∣forms (as Galen says) its Motion no more.

XXVII. If therefore a Muscle has but one Head, if that be cut, it is deprived of its whole Action; but if it have more Heads, the whole Action will not be lost, un∣less they be all cut. For it is not every cutting of a Muscle which takes away the use of a Part, but only that which is trans∣verse, or made at right Angles: and this a Physician ought to know, who would presage or foretel the Hurt of a Part; though, I confess, in some Cases, and in some Parts, it is very difficult.

VI. In a dead Person, whether the Wound was made before, or after Death?

XXVIII. If a wounded Body be found Dead, and it be enquired whe∣ther the Wounds were given whilst the Person was alive, or after they were dead. Look then upon the Wound, and if the Lips thereof are red and bloody, and the Place about it black and blew, the Wound was made whilst a∣live; but if no Signs of Blood appear, the Wound was made after Death; because, the Blood being cold and coagulated, it could not flow to the Part hurt or wounded.

CHAP. XLXI. REPORTS, where no Wound appears.

I. MANY are the Ways by which People come by their Deaths, besides Wounding, as, 1. Blows. 2. External Suffoca∣tion. 3. Internal Suffocation. 4. Thunder and Lightning. 5. Poison.

I. By Blows, or Beating.

II. Since many die suddenly by Blows, or Beating, whence comes Contusions, Tumors, &c. It is necessary to enquire into the manner, how Death is induced thereby, and of what Conse∣quence or Danger, such Blows, Beating, or Contusion may be.

III. Where Blackness, Blewness, or Lividness appears, a Blow, or some private Nipping may be judg∣ed. But this ought to be in a Part fleshy, and where the Ca∣pillary Arteries or Veins are; for they being broken by the force of the Blow, Beating, Nipping, &c. pour forth their Blood, where, being extravasated, it contracts that discolor.

IV. But every bruised Part does not always appear black and blew; and the Reason is, be∣cause it is void of those Vessels, as Nervous Parts are, or else they lie deep in the Part, so that the Blood cannot flow to the external Parts: And there∣fore, if a Nervous Part be hurt, you will find neither Discolor, nor Ecchymosis.

V. And sometimes a blackness and blewness may be, where no ex∣ternal Violence has gone before. This is evident in many who die of Poison; and in some Pleu∣riticks, whose Side looks livid like a Bruise, as Hippocrates de Acutor. Lib. 1. says. And in Epidem. 4. he says, One that died of a Dropsie, had his Hy∣pochonder look red, as if the Body had been beaten with Stripes. Also, some dying of a Fever, or some other sponta∣nous and internal Disease; the Reason of which seems to be the mighty struggling of Na∣ture, which she violently exerts in Extremity, thrusting forth the Blood thither; which being void of Spirit and Life, turns livid, as is manifest after a par∣ticular manner, in the Plague and Spotted Fever.

VI. Blows, Beating, Nipping, or Falls, which occasion Bruising, cause Death two ways, either be∣cause they break or tear the Bowels, Membranes, Nerves and great Vessels; or because they excite vio∣lent Pain, whence comes a Fever. In these cases therefore, a vio∣lent Blow being upon a Part, under which some great Vessel lies; as the Epigastrum, which contains great Veins and Arte∣ries, Blood may be voided by Excretion out of the Brest, or by the Urinary Passages.

VII. But if the Mouth of the Stomach receives a Blow, a ve∣hement Pain is generally excited, which kills the Patient. And here it is not necessary that Blood should come away; nor indeed is Excretion of Blood to be expected from every Blow on the Head.

VIII. Death may also be caused by a blow on the Head, more espe∣cially on the Temporal Muscles. Because these produce dreadful Symptoms, as an Apoplexy, Catochus, Convulsions, and the like, from the Concussion and Compression of the Brain, and Interception of the Animal Spi∣rits: And the Head may be so weak, as a very slight blow may endanger all this; and if the blow be very violent, Blood may come out at the Ears and Nose, and sometimes at the Mouth also.

IX. But neither Discolor, nor Bleeding are the certain Signs of a Man's dying by Blows or Beating; because these may sometimes be present, where the other never went before; so that it is not safe, positively to determine upon this ground; though when these two Signs do appear, and there was no other manifest cause of Death, Blows, or Beating, are much to be suspected.

II. By External Suffocation.

X. Several who have been se∣cretly Suffocated by a Murtherer, do not presently afford any Sign of it: Wherefore, he that is re∣quired to make a Report in such a Case, ought not rashly to judge, but be very considerate, lest he lay the fault where truly it ought not to lie.

XI. Now this may be caused by Drowning, or forcibly stopping of the Mouth and Nose, or a String, or the Inspiration of a Sulphurous Air. Now by Suffocation, I mean such a Violence done to the Instruments of Breathing, which hindring the Office of Re∣spiration, introduces Death.

XII. If a Person be Drowned, there is an unusual Swelling and Flabbiness of the whole Body; the Belly is chiefly swelled, some mucous Excrements come out of the Nose, and frothy stuff out of the Mouth, and the Fin∣gers ends seem as if they were worn: For such as are Drown∣ed, though at bottom of the Water, strive to get out, where scratching and scrabbling in the Sand, or Gravel, they wear their Fingers.

XIII. Now the swelling of a Body in a drowned Person, is not so much from receiving in the Wa∣ter, as from Wind, into which the Humours thereof are turned by a putrid Heat, and secret Fermen∣tation; for which reason, this Swelling shows not it self till after some considerable time; upon which, the Body is then said to swim.

XIV. If one be Suffocated, by a forcible stopping of the Mouth and Nose; as with a Pillow, or any thing put into them, or a Cord, you will find this, which is com∣mon to all such as are thus Suf∣focated, that they will froth at Mouth, and sometimes at the Nose too: For the Expiration of

fuliginous Steams being stop'd, they are all violently impelled; for which reason, some of the proper Humidities are expelled together with them.

XV. But if one be Strangled with a Cord, or Rope, the Print of it will appear, chiefly where the Rope crosses. The Head of the Aspera Arteria will be many times bruised, and there will be a Luxation of the second Vertebra of the Cervix, or Neck; the Arms, Legs, and Face will be livid, the Brest swoln, and Urine voided.

XVI. The Reasons of which Ac∣cidents are these: The Swelling of the Brest, is from many Fumes arising from the contained Breath within. The Urine flows, be∣cause of an unequal straining of the Muscles, which conspiring for the common safety, are con∣tracted towards their Original; and the Sphincter growing dead, whereby it loses its Use and Office, lets the Water go. Also the Face, and other Parts of the Body are red, or livid, because the Violence of Strangling is such, that the Expulsive Facul∣ty of the whole Body is so irri∣tated, as to force all the Blood, and other Juices to the Skin, especially to those Places, which have the larger Vessels, as the Face, Back, Arms, Thighs, &c.

XVII. And opening the Body, you will find the Lungs full of pu∣rulent Froth, though the rest of the Viscera may be in good order: And the Head and Brest will be found full of Blood: And if the Breath is stopt by any other way, you may observe the same Signs, except the Print of the Rope.

III. By Internal Suffocation.

XVIII. If a Man, naturally a∣bounding with good Humours, and who keeps a wholsom Diet, should die suddenly, or be accidentally found dead, and no Symptoms of external Violence be found on him, you are to enquire whe∣ther he lay last in a new Room, lately done with Lime and Mor∣tar, or Plaister; or whether he had been shut up in a close Place, where Damps come; or in a close Room, where was no Chimney, and in which Char∣coal was burnt; or whether it was an Apoplexy, which many times after Death is attended with a Flux of Blood, or Hu∣mours; or faint away and die, by the heat of a Bath, or the like.

XIX. 'Tis possible, that Air containing an inimical Sulphur, may kill, if long and liberally ta∣ken in; as is the Air of subter∣raneous Vaults, Damps in Mines, new Plaistered Rooms, and the Fumes of Charcoal, not having a Vent to get out at.

XX. So also, where there be∣ing no great quantity of Air, the Place is so close, that what is within cannot get forth, nor any fresh come in: For the Principle of Life is maintained by a due Ventilation, and a moderate Refrigeration, without which, the vital Flame will necessarily go out: So that, People which die through the Heat of a Bath, it is not because the Spirits are

evacuated, but for want of Re∣frigeration, to keep the Flame alive.

XXI. And such who die in new Plaistered Houses, or in the Steams of Charcoal, or in Mines with Damps, or in stinking Caves, Vaults, or Charnel Houses; Die, not so much for want of Air, as because the cold Air is not attra∣cted, which is absolutely neces∣sary for Respiration; to which add, the stinking and inimical Sulphur, contained in the Air of such impure Places; which, as it were, with a kind of violence, smites the Vital Powers. These Die, not through any fault of the Brain, but for want of Ven∣tilation, and by the Malignity of the impure Sulphur.

XXII. But, such who die of an Apoplexy, have a Suffocation of the Animal Spirits, from Matter filling the Ventricles of the Brain; which pressing hard upon the Meninges, compress the Brain, with the little Vessels which carry the Blood, and convey the Spirits to their respective Parts; which failing, the Person pre∣sently dies.

XXIII. Now, in Respiration we attract two Things, 1. The Air it self. 2. Its Quality: So that, should we have never so much of the Air, yet, if it be of a hot Sulphureous Quality, the Creature will be as well Suf∣focated, as if it inspired no∣thing at all; whereas, had it been of a cool Nitrous Quali∣ty, it would have refreshed the Spirits, both Vital and A∣nimal, and maintained Life; which is overcome by the Blood and Spirits being too much heated.

XXIV. Lastly, Galen says, the only Symptom which is common to all such as have the use of In∣spiration intercepted, is that of Frothing. But dying by the means of Sulphureous Fumes, is a less violent Death, than that of being stopt at Mouth and Nose, or being Strangled with a Cord or Rope.

IV. By Thunder and Lightning.

XXV. If a Body be found, and it be demanded, whether it was by Thunder, or any other Mis∣chance? If by Thunder, or Lightning, the Body smells strong of Sulphur; also under the Part, whether it be whole or Wounded, the Bones are bro∣ken; and if wounded, the Wound is black, and the Body falls on the wounded side, (but Beasts on the contrary side;) and if one be Thunder-struck waking, the Eyes are found shut; but if sleeping, they are found open, and the Body is also free from Corruption.

XXVI. There are three or four kinds of Thunder, or Thunder and Lightning, which hurt three or four several ways. The first, is, that which terebrates, and makes as it were a kind of hole in the Body. The second, is, that which divides or breaks a Body, or tears it into several Parts. The third, is, that which neither bores nor tears, but only burns, and leaves evident Signs of Burning: And this is twofold, 1. That which burns either slightly, like

blasting; or so as to consume; or set all on Fire. 2. That which burns, so as only to make the Body black. The fourth, is, that which kills without any Symptoms, or, at most, only changes the natural Co∣lour a little, or sometimes makes it blew, pale, purple, or livid.

XXVII. Suppose a Man should be walking with his Friend in the Field, and one of them should be Thunder-struck; and the surviving Man should be Indicted for Mur∣ther; it is necessary here, that a Physician should be able to de∣termin, that the Innocent might be rescued from the force of Ig∣norance and Malice; and to make a Report according to Truth, for Direction sake, in the Case of doing Justice.

XXVIII. Mens Bodies are many ways affected by Thunder, yet two notable Signs are com∣mon to all that are Thunder∣struck, viz. to have a brown or blackish Color, where the Thun∣der strikes, and to be some∣what burnt; also to smell like Sulphur: For the Flashes of Lightning, and Strokes of Thun∣der are Sulphureous, as Pliny observes.

XXIX. From what has been said then, it will not be hard to find out when any one has been kil∣led by Thunder. The Nature of Thunder is Spirituous, and A∣ristotle affirms every kind of Thunder to be Spirit, which is only thin and clear, and there∣fore not burning; or else thick and fumous, which consumes by burning. Some have fan∣cied a Thunder-Bolt to be a Stone, or some hard and solid thing, because it sometimes breaks the Bones in the Body, without much hurting the Flesh, tears great Trees all into bits, and breaks the most hard and solid things: Now this comes not from its Materiality or Solidity, but from its Nature and Violence, which chiefly hurts things which resist it, slightly touching things which give way to it. I have twice seen a Thunder-Bolt fall, which was like a great Pyramis, or Cone of Fire inverted, or the point turned downwards, and the base upwards: I went and viewed the places in which they fell, and found nothing, only the Grass round about its central Point was burnt up, being in Diameter about eighteen or twenty Feet: By which it ap∣pears, that Thunder is rather Spirit than Body, or any thing solid, whatever others may ima∣gine.

XXX. And therefore, because the Body of Man is almost all over covered with a soft and fleshy Sub∣stance, we shall rarely find it brui∣sed, but rather burnt or discolor∣ed, and sometimes the Bones under the Thunder-stroke broken: As a Sword shall be melted in a Scab∣bard by it, the Scabbard being whole; the Wood about Piles inviolate, all the Iron being run down; and Money melted in a Man's Purse, or Pocket, the Purse, or Pocket remaining whole and unhurt.

V. By Poison.

XXXI. If a Man being in Health and Strength, be found dead, if his Body appear black and blew, or be vehemently swell∣ed, or be flabby and stinking, it may be concluded his Death came by Poison.

XXXII. But in judging of Poi∣son, you are in the first place to consider the Nature of the prin∣cipal Poisons, and after what manner they will operate in Man's Body. For some Poisons kill by exciting a violent Fermentati∣on, as the Juice of the Berries of deadly Nightshade, swelling the whole Body, as if it would burst; and making the Face, and other Parts, red, black, and blew: Others, as Juice of the Hellebors, Vomit and Purge even to Death; and if the Patient escape with Life, the Nails, Hair, and Skin all come off.

XXXIII. Other Poisons, as Arsenick, corrosive Sublimate, &c. smite the vital Powers with Malignity, causing an exceeding Drought, a Frothing at Mouth, and Sickness at Heart; making the Sick Mad, or look as if Dis∣tracted. These, if they be o∣pened after Death, will have their Stomach, and other Bow∣els, corroded, made black like Soot, and mortified in many Places.

XXXIV. But if the Sick has drank Aqua fortis, Spirit of Ni∣tre, Oils of Vitriol or Sulphur, Death is introduced by violent Heat and Corrosion; and when Dead, a violent Fermentation is excited; whence comes a ve∣hement Swelling and Puffing up of the Thorax and Abdomen, with a Swelling and Lividness in the Face.

XXXV. But by the late ways of Poisoning used in France, no Symptoms appear at all upon the Body of the Dead. And there∣fore in such Cases no Report can be made, but what may be doubtful, or shall be received from the Relatives or Neigh∣bours of the Deceased, relating to Circumstances, and other Ac∣cidents inducing a strong suspi∣cion of Poison.

CHAP. L. REPORTS, from the Viscera being Wounded.

I. Wounds of the Brain.

I. WOunds of the Brain are said to be Mortal, upon a twofold Cause; 1. Because it is a Principal Part, and the Ori∣ginal of the Nerves and Animal Faculty. 2. Because it usually induces many grievous, and for the most part, Mortal Sym∣ptoms.

As it is a Principal Part, the Spirits are soon wasted or spent, and the prejudice is im∣mediately imparted to the whole Body. And, as to the Sym∣ptoms, they are Inflammati∣on, hurt of the Animal Facul∣ty, and Convulsions. Now by Wounds of the Brain, we mean, Wounds of the Meninges, which reach to the Substance of the Brain; also Wounds of the Substance it self. Yet some∣times the Meninges have been hurt, the Life being safe, and therefore some Authors will have them to be enumerated among dangerous Wounds.

II. Now when the Brain, or its Membranes are hurt or wounded, Blood comes out at the Nose, and in some, at the Ears; Generally Vomiting of Choler follows, and some have their Senses stupifi∣ed, the Eyes turn strangely in the Head; and on the third (and sometimes sooner) or fifth Day, a Delirium is induced; and some have a Convulsion of the Nerves.

III. But if a Membrane only be hurt, the Patient has a notable violent Head-ach, which is en∣raged by shutting the Jaws, and holding their Breath, the Eyes are hot, the Tongue falters, and there is Dotage.

IV. If the Substance of the Brain is Wounded, the Patient falls down, and the Voice is lost. The Face is sometimes drawn awry, there is Vomiting of Choler, and a white Humour like Pap runs out at the Ears.

II. Wounds of the Stomach.

V. If the Stomach (says Hip∣pocrates) be Wounded, it is Mor∣tal. Yet Galen seems doubtful in this Case, because some have been wounded in that Part, and have been cured. In my Opi∣nion therefore, it may come a∣mong the dangerous Wounds; for if the Stomach be but slight∣ly wounded, it will agglutinate. And though Celsus (agreeing with Hippocrates) says, Wounds of the Stomach are Mortal, yet Marcellus Donatus relates, how several wounded in their Sto∣machs have recovered; and of late, a Patient of mine in Lon∣don, recovered of a Wound in the Stomach.

VI. A Wound in the Outer Tu∣nicle easily heals; but if it pierces into the Cavity, it will prove more difficult to Cure. A Wound in the bottom of the Stomach has less of Danger; but a Wound in the Mouth thereof, which is of a very nervous Substance, is desperate, not only for the Ex∣cellency of the Part, but for its Communication with the Heart and Brain, and being void of Blood.

VII. If the Stomach then be wounded, the Hiccough follows, with Vomiting of Choler. Meat and Drink are cast up immedi∣ately, the Pulse fails, and there are frequent Swoonings: Cold Sweats follow, and the Extream Parts chill and grow cold; and there is a most vehement pain, more especially if the Wound tends upwards.

III. Wounds of the Liver.

VIII. Wounds of the Liver, by reason of a vehement Flux of Blood, are mortal. For the Patient dies by Fluxion of Blood, before agglutination can be made: But this is to be understood of large and deep Wounds, for such as are shallow, and in the edges of it, may be healed. Therefore,

IX. It was the Opinion of Cel∣sus, that Wounds of the Liver, in the Vena Porta, were only Mor∣tal; and that when the thick part of the Liver was wounded, Death generally ensued: That is, when the Concave or Convex Parts thereof are hurt; but other Wounds thereof are only dan∣gerous; and unless happening in a Cacochymick Body, or in one committing some Error, are not hard to heal.

X. Now, when the Liver is wounded, much Blood flows out of the Right Side, and the Bowels are drawn to the Back-bone. There is also sometimes Vomiting of Choler, the Sick looks pale, Coughs, and delights rather to lie on his Belly; he makes bloo∣dy Urine and Stools, languishes in a Fever, and at length the Body consumes away.

IV. Wounds of the Lungs.

XI. These, if they be large, and make a deep solution of Ʋnity, if they waste the Parenchyma of the Part, and hurt the great Vessels, and some principal Branches of the Arteria or Vena Pulmonalis, are said to be Mortal. Because there∣by is made a great Effusion of Blood, and Dissipation of Vital Spirits; besides, the Coagula∣ting of the Blood in the adjacent Vessels, will in some measure impede its Circulation: And tho' the Wounds of the Lungs may be small or superficial, if the Cure be not skilfully managed, they may kill.

XII. And though the great Ves∣sels are not wounded, but only the Bronchia, or Aspera Arteria, the Case is Mortal, but at a greater distance of Time; several Sym∣ptoms conspiring to that End; as, the Communication with the Heart, Putrefaction of the Lungs, Dissipation of Spirits, a Conti∣nent Fever, and Difficulty of Cure, by reason of continual Motion and Cough, still en∣larging the Wound.

XIII. And Galen, Meth. Lib. 5. cap. 2. says, Wounds of the Lungs admit not of Cure, not for that the Part is in continual Mo∣tion (as some before him ima∣gined) but because the Pus or Sanies are difficultly gotten out from thence: And much of this mind was Celsus, lib. 5. cap. 26. who affirms, it is only incurable, when the middle of the Lungs are wounded.

XIV. But if the lesser Blood-Vessels be broken, or the Flesh of the Lungs divided, though the Wound may kill, yet it does not do it suddenly, and possibly a Skilful and Careful Artist may Cure it, unless it be inflamed. And 'tis thought that more danger lies in a Wound of the Substance, than of the Vessels, because they are more difficultly healed.

XV. When the Lungs are wound∣ed, there is Difficulty of Breathing, and frothy Blood comes up at the Mouth, making a noise when he Breaths. He lies easiest on the wounded Side, and then he speaks; but on any other Side he is dumb: If the Wound be wide, frothy Blood comes out at it; but if not wide, it comes up at the Mouth: The Vessels of the Neck swell, the Tongue is discolored, they draw in much Breath, and crave cold things; and if it continue long, a Fever is induced, and with it, a Phthi∣sis, and Death.

V. Wounds of the Diaphragma, or Midriff.

XVI. The Events of these are various, according to the variety of its Substance. If a Wound be in its Nervous Parts, which is its Centre, it is Mortal; for its constant Motion hinders Agglu∣tination. If it be in its fleshy Part, which goes round the in∣side of the Thorax, it is possible to be healed, as Galen has ob∣served: But if an Inflammation comes thereon, the Cure will be very Dangerous and Diffi∣cult.

XVII. When the Midriff there∣fore is wounded, the Praecordia are attracted upwards, they breath slowly, and the Back akes. And Paulus affirms, That if breathing be enlarged, it is with Sighing, and Pain all over the Shoulders.

VI. Wounds of the Guts.

XVIII. Wounds, says Galen, into the Cavity of the Guts, are very seldom healed: And Hippo∣crates, Sect. 6. Aph. 18. says, If the small Guts are wounded, it is Mortal. And this is, not on∣ly because of their Substance, but because we cannot well ap∣ply Medicines to them.

XIX. But the Jejunum being wounded, is said to be most incu∣rable; because of the Magni∣tude of its Vessels; thinness of its Tunicles, its Nervous Sub∣stance, its Proximity to the Liver, and Susception of Cho∣ler: But it is said, That a Wound has sometimes been cured, when it has only touched its Out∣side.

XX. Wounds of the other Guts, if slight, or not cut in two, are apt to heal, because their Substance is very Carnous; and they seldom kill, unless seized with an Ili∣ack, or an Inflammation, or Gangrene supervene. A Proof of this I had in a Negro of my own, who being wounded in the Guts, had his Excrements come through them and the Belly, for near six Weeks toge∣ther; I only applied outwardly an Emplaster to the wounded Parts, and kept him warm, with a Laxative Diet made of Maiz and Milk, and in two Months time he was as well as ever, and went to his Work again.

XXI. But great Wounds, and transverse, or being cut in two, are Mortal. And the reason is, by the great separation of Parts, being kept asunder by a large afflux of vitious Humors: Besides, being cut totally asun∣der, they can never come toge∣ther again to unite; nor can

the Excrements ever after go through the Body.

XXII. The Sign that the Guts are wounded, is, that the Excre∣crements come forth at the Wound. There is a Swelling in the Prae∣cordia, and Choler sometimes comes out at the Mouth: So also, if the lower Guts be wounded, for then the smell, as well as Excrements, shew it.

VII. Wounds of the Bladder.

XXIII. Wounds of the Bladder, are Mortal, says Hippocrates, Sect. 6. Aph. 18. If it be wound∣ed through and divided, with a large Wound, it is Mortal; but a small Wound has been known by Experience to heal up, and that firmly; and if it be incu∣rable, it must be in the Nervous Part.

XXIV. Wounds in its Carn∣ous Parts are curable; for we daily see, that Wounds made there, by Cutting for the Stone in the Bladder, are made with Safety, and soon cured, if the Body be not Cacochymick: But Wounds are with difficulty cu∣red, if made in that Part, where the Bladder is tied to the Os Sacrum.

XXV. When the Bladder is wounded, there is Pain in the Groins, and they swell above the Os Pubis: Blood comes away with the Urine, and the Urine runs out at the Wound: There is Sickness of Stomach, and in∣clination to Vomit, and they are cold and dry, vomiting Choler, or having the Hiccough.

VIII. Wounds of the Spinal Marrow.

XXVI. These are said to be as Mortal as those of the Brain; and Galen tells us, It is a kind of Brain to all the Parts which are below the Head. For, from it many Conjugations of Nerves spring, which give Sense and Motion to most of the other Parts of the Body; and there∣fore, from it many grievous Sym∣ptoms arise: It also Communi∣cates with the Brain and other adjacent Parts, and is of Diffi∣cult Cure; and the higher the Wound is in the Spine, the more Mortal it is.

XXVII. If the Spinal Marrow be totally hurt in any of the Ver∣tebrae, all the lower Parts are resolved, or suffer a Paralysis, as Galen affirms. But if only one side is hurt, and the other re∣mains whole; the Paralysis af∣fects only the lower Parts on the same Side hurt.

XXVIII. But in respect to the Nature of the Part, a Wound in the lower Part of the Spinal Mar∣row, is far worse than that in the upper. Because, as Colum∣bus observes, the Marrow above is soft, and perfectly of the Sub∣stance of the Brain, whereas that below is almost Nervous: Yet such Wounds must be very great, to make them Mortal.

XXIX. If the Spinal Marrow be cut transversly asunder, it is certainly Mortal. But, if the Weapon has not run deep into it, there is a possibility of Re∣covery.

XXX. If therefore the Spinal Marrow be wounded, there is a Paralysis of some particular Part or Parts, and a Convulsion of the Nerves: Sense is also lost; and at some times there is an invo∣luntary voiding of Seed, Ordure, or Urine.

IX. Wounds of Arteries and Veins.

XXXI. If they be in the Ar∣teria Magna, or Vena Cava, or other great Vessels in the inside of the Body, as the great Arteries and Veins about the Neck and Throat, Arm-pits, Thighs, Legs, they are Mortal. And they must needs be Mortal, because of the large Effusion of Blood, and the impossibility of stopping it.

XXXII. And by how much they run less out of the Body, by so much they die sooner, because the Patient is Suffocated. Their Nervous Substance, and deep Situation, shew the great difficulty of Cure, because nothing can be exhibited, which can carry its full Virtue to them; besides, the great exhausting of the Vital Spirits.

XXXIII. When these great Ar∣teries or Veins are wounded, a great quantity of black Blood is cast forth, the Patient immediate∣ly looks pale, and Death is at hand. The Pulses presently alter and fail, and the Arteries cast forth a thin, yellow, frothy Blood.

X. Wounds of the Aspera Arteria.

XXXIV. If they be great, they are always Mortal; and the Pa∣tient dies of them, not because the Breath has a Passage out at the Wound, but because their Substance, or Matter, is Carti∣laginous, and in perpetual Mo∣tion, so that it can never be healed. And it is observed, that Wounds in the upper Part of the Throat, where divers Nerves, Arteries and Veins meet, are most dangerous.

XXXV. But if it be Cut any where else, it may be Cured; for in a dangerous Quinsey, we of∣ten order Laryngotomia, and that successfully: And therefore slight Wounds of the Aspera Arteria are many times cured.

XXXVI. In these Wounds but little Blood comes forth, because of the nature of the Part, and many times the Breath comes forth at the hole. But by degrees the Throat is filled with Blood; there is great Pain backward, the Voice is hoarse, and the Tongue dry.

XI. Wounds of the Reins.

XXXVII. Wounds of these Parts are generally Mortal: For many Vessels are spread through the Kidnies, and they receive a perpetual Afflux of Recre∣ments; besides, they are of ne∣cessity for the Conservation of Life.

XXXVIII. But if the Wounds reach only to the thick and fleshy Part, and are slight, they are sometimes curable: But the Cure is very difficult, if they be deep.

XXXIX. When the Reins therefore are wounded, the Pain reaches to the Groins and Testicles: There is also difficulty of making

Water, and it is bloody, or all Blood.

XII. Wounds of the Spleen.

XL. Simple Wounds of the Spleen are not Mortal, if a Skil∣ful Artist has the Cure in hand. For we have often known the whole Spleen to have been cut out of living Animals, and yet they still survived. I had some Years since, a Bitch whose whole Spleen was cut out, and I kept her several Years after, and she had several Litters of Whelps; only she became dull, and as if dis-spirited: But if any great Vessels be wounded withal, there is danger, according to the Magnitude and Excellency of the Vessels hurt.

XLI. When the Spleen therefore is only Wounded, there will come forth from the left Side, black Blood; and on the same Side, the Stomach and Praecordia will grow hard, with vehement Thirst, and Pain in the Throat, like as when the Liver is wound∣ed. These are the chief Signs shewing the Viscera to be wound∣ed; if none of them are mani∣fest, then none of these Parts are hurt, but you must inquire else∣where for the Cause of the Dis∣affection.

XIII. Wounds of the Heart.

XLII. Wounds of the Heart are generally Mortal: If the Ventri∣cles be wounded, the Patient in∣fallibly dies. But if the Wound penetrate not so far as to the Ventricles, but stays in the Sub∣stance of the Heart, whereby Inflammation ensues, the Sick may possibly live a day or two. If the Wound reaches to the Ventricles, Death must necessa∣rily follow, because of the great Effusion of Blood, and vast Dis∣sipation and Exhausting of Spi∣rits. And though it may be objected, that Tumors and Ul∣cers have been found in the Heart, yet seeing these arise and grow gradatim, Life may some∣times for a while, subsist to∣gether with them, but in the end they bring a Syncope, Con∣vulsions, and Death. But Wounds, in regard that they suddenly disturb the very Frame and Oeconomy of the Heart, the Life cannot long subsist with them.

XLIII. If the right Ventricle be wounded, the wounded person may in this Case lengthen out his Life for some short time: But if the left Ventricle be wounded, the Person immediately Perishes; be∣cause the left Ventricle is the Store-house and Treasury of the Blood and Vital Spirits. But as to Wounds of the right Ven∣tricle, Sennertus in his Praxis, lib. 5. par. 4. cap. 3. has given us an Historical Relation of a Soldier, who was wounded into the right Ventricle of the Heart, and yet lived to the Sixteenth Day; this Soldier was opened by Nicholaus Mulerius, two other Chirurgians, Luke and Gasper Hullen, being also present with many more Spectators. The Man was a Soldier at Groningen, under the Most Illustrious Count Wil∣liam of Nassaw; he received his

Wound the 22 of August 1607, and died the 8 of September fol∣lowing; which strange, but true History, is found written on a Table, hanging up against a Wall, in the Library of the Uni∣versity of Groningen aforenamed.

XLIV. When the Heart there∣fore is Wounded, much Blood is found to come away: If it be the right Ventricle, the Blood runs black: If the left, the Blood comes forth more florid and light coloured: The Arteries or Pulses also flag, the Colour is pale, with cold, ill scented Sweats; then Coldness encreases upon the extream Parts, and immediate Death.

XLV. From all that has been said, it appears, that the Signs of the Disaffections of internal Parts, are to be deduced from, 1. The Hurt of the Action. 2. The Site of the Parts. 3. The Ex∣creta. 4. The Kind of the Grief. 5. And from proper Symptoms. So that, if in a wounded Per∣son Respiration is hurt, conclude the Lungs, Thorax, or Vertebrae are hurt. If Excrements come forth, the large Guts are wound∣ed; if Chyle, the small Guts: If Ʋrine come out at the Wound, the Reins, Ureters, or Bladder are hurt. As to the Site; if the Wound be in the right Hypo∣chonder, the Liver may be sus∣pected to be hurt; if in the left, the Spleen; if in the Pecten, or Share, the Bladder, &c. As to the Kind of the Pain; if it be dull, the Lungs, Liver, or Spleen are hurt; if sharp and pricking, their Tunicles and Vessels; it violent, the Stomach, Guts, and Nervous Parts. As to the Sym∣ptoms, consider what are proper to each Part. If a Frensie, Epi∣lepsie, &c. be present, the Brain is hurt. If Nauseousness, Vomiting, Hiccough, the Sto∣mach. If Respiration, the Tho∣rax. If Swooning, the Heart. If Convulsions, the Nerves, &c.

CHAP. LI. REPORTS, from Wounds External.

I. Of the Malignity of Wounds.

I. WOunds, both Mortal and Dangerous, Internal and External, are accompanied some∣times with Malignity. Now the times wherein this Malignity manifests it self, remains to be enquired into. Guido, and Ta∣gaultius from him, limit three times, wherein Malign Signs shew themselves, viz. the seventh, ninth, and fourteenth Days. And indeed, many among the Mo∣derns suspend their Judgment till the ninth day is over, be∣cause in that time they think, that hopeful or malign Signs

will shew themselves, with re∣spect to the Constitution of the Patient, Quality of the Air, and Condition of the Wound.

II. But indeed, it is the Criti∣cal Day which ought to be taken notice of, viz. the Times when the Moon comes to her Sinister or Dex∣ter Quartils, or Oppositions, &c. And these are the Times which Hippocrates intends, when speak∣ing of a Wound in the Head, he says, a Fever in Summer time, seizes him about the seventh Day, but in Winter, about the fourteenth Day: If any Error has been committed, and if evil Symptoms seem to come on apace, the Patient will die in Summer, before the seventh Day; and in Winter, before the four∣teenth. This seems to be rati∣onal, as being deduced from the Crises; and why they happen later in Winter than in Summer, is evident, because in Winter our internal Heat is more vigo∣rous and strong, and therefore resists malign Causes the more powerfully.

III. Therefore, if the Patient be strong of Constitution, has Youth of its side, and the Wound was given in perfect Health, and in Winter time, you ought to wait till the second Crisis, for the ap∣pearance of the Symptoms, and before you may adventure to de∣liver your Prognosticks. At what time, if Evil and Malign Sym∣ptoms come on, Death may be predicted, on, or before the next Critical Day, according as they approach, slowly or hasti∣ly: But if a Wound happens to a weakly Person, Aged, and of a cold and dry Complexion, Cacochymick, and in Summer time, I should expect the Sym∣ptoms to be manifest, about the time of the first Crisis.

II. Whether a Wound will kill, or not kill.

IV. Now, to know whether a Man dies of his Wound, or of something else, you are to consider, whether the Wound present, be Mor∣tal in its own Nature, or is for the most part so; if it be, the Wound may be truly said to be the Cause of Death: But, if the Wound be safe, and without danger, the Death of the Per∣son must be imputed to some∣thing else.

V. But, if Wounds be in their own Nature, dangerous and doubt∣ful; so also ought your Presages to be. For, if they be great, they may then be the occasion of Death; but if small, Death must be imputed to some other Mat∣ter or Cause. If then, a great Wound be made in a Joint, whereby the Nerves, Tendons, and Vessels are torn; though this in it self is not Mortal, yet because it is very dangerous (it yielding to no Errors without prejudice and requiring an exact Cure, with all Care and Dili∣gence;) if the Person dies, you may report the Wound to be the Cause of Death; unless some egregious Fault has been committed in the Cure, either by the Chirurgian, or the Pa∣tient, or some other unavoida∣ble ill accident should intervene. And though without the fault,

the wounded Man might have died, yet since the Case is du∣bious, where any fault has been committed, the Report should always be in Favour of the Li∣ving.

VI. In dangerous Wounds of the Skull, where there is occasion to open it, if the Patient dies, (un∣less some egregious and plain fault has been committed) the Wound may be said to be the Cause of Death: But when the Salubrity of the Clime shall be admitted, then all Wounds of the Head, even if the Bone be broken or perforated, (if the Membranes be but safe) are to be accounted safe, unless much of the Skull be taken away; for then, be∣cause it is impossible for the Meninges not to be wounded; you ought to esteem such Wounds dangerous: As for o∣ther Wounds, though they rank themselves with the Dangerous, yet they approach nearer to the Nature of such as are safe.

III. How Men are said to Die of small Wounds.

VII. A Person having received a Wound not Mortal, may Die; but then it cannot be of the Wound, but of some other Cause; as from the evil Habit of Body, weak∣ness of the Part wounded, irre∣gular Living, malign Constitu∣tion of the Air, Ignorance, or Negligence of the Chirurgian, or some other unhappy Acci∣dent, as some new hurt, strain∣ing of the Part, bruiting it, &c.

VIII. If it happens on a Person Cacochymick, or Cachestick, tain∣ted with the Dropsie, Rheuma∣tism, Kings-Evil, Consumption, Leprsie, Pox, &c. Though the Wound may be in a Carnous Part, and not subject to danger, there may from such a Habit of Body, be great Defluxions, ve∣hement Pains, strong Inflamma∣tions, Fevers, Convulsions, Gan∣grenes, Sphacelus, or other ill Symptoms, the malign and tain∣ted Humours flowing many ways into the Part.

IX. If there be a weakness in the Part wounded, as Strumous Nodes, Gout, Rheumatism, Para∣lysis, Numbness, Flux of Humours for a long time before, or other Weaknesses: Into what a great danger may a small Wound (though in it self not Mortal) put him? especially if it be in a Joint, or a Nerve, or Tendon be wounded; and be joined also with a Cacochymick Habit of Body.

X. If the Patient lives irre∣gularly, eating Gluttonously, drink∣ing to be Drunk, keeps unseason∣able Hours, lies in the Cold, is unsatiable in Venery, perplext with Cares, and uses violent Exercises; he may bring upon himself Sur∣feits, Dropsies, Rheums, Agues, Inflammation of the wounded Part, Gangrenes, Consumptions, Hecticks, &c. and other Dis∣eases so great, as to send him into another World; in these Cases, the irregular Living, join∣ed with the Wound, is the Cause of Death, not the Wound simply it self.

XI. If there be a malign Con∣stitution of the Air, as in the Plague time, or when some other Epide∣mick

Disease Reigns; at such a time, a small Wound is apt to receive its malign Influences, and pestilential Miasms; from whence arise Convulsions, Faintings, Cacoethick Ulcers, Inflammations, Gangrenes, ma∣lign Fevers, the Distemper of the Time, and other dangerous Symptoms, the least of which are able to destroy the Patient.

XII. If there be Ignorance, or Negligence, in the Chirurgian, it is easie to be apprehended, how an Error of that kind, may create an irreparable Evil, and bring the Wound into such a Condition, as either to put the Patient into apparent danger of his Life, or, at least, to bring upon him some incurable Ulcer, or leave him Lame and Helpless all the days of his Life after.

XIII. Lastly, if any other un∣happy Accident should happen, as lying upon the wounded Part, or bruising it, or otherwise hurting or straining of it, a Defluxion, In∣flammation, Gangrene, and Spha∣celus may be introduced; by which (though the Wound it self was small, in an ignoble Part, in no bad Place, nor in the least Mortal in its own na∣ture, yet) the Patient may un∣happily die.

IV. Wounds dangerous.

XIV. And these are all such as are large, or bruised, and much battered, with Fracture of the Bone, or where much of the Flesh is cut quite away, or cut out and hanging on, or where the Wound is of a Circular Figure: The safest are, such as are small, in a fleshy Part, and in a right Line; and in a Child, Youth, or young Person; for such heal sooner than in elder People, or in such as are weak and infirm, of an evil Habit, Voluptuous, Idle, or Intemperate, &c.

XV. Also Wounds in the Heads of the Muscles, in the Cranium, or Skull, Brest or Belly; and Wounds of the Nerves, or Nervous Wounds, as Galen says, with all such as have an equal tendency to Life and Death, may be ac∣counted dangerous.

XVI. Wounds under the Clavi∣cula, and the inner Process of the Scapula, are very dangerous; be∣cause the Axillar Artery and Vein, and fifth Pair of Nerves running from the Vertebrae of the Neck to the Arms, may be hurt. And of this kind, as Cel∣sus says, are many of those Wounds in the Arm-pits and Hams, about the Anus and Testi∣cles, in the Thighs, and among the Fingers, all which are very difficult to Cure.

XVII. Among the dangerous Wounds also, are those of the end of a Muscle, of a Nerve, Artery, Membrane, Cartilage, or Bone. In which respect, Wounds of the Neck are many times of evil Consequence; because some∣times some considerable Nerve or Tendon may be hurt, espe∣cially if the Wound reaches to the Spinal Marrow. Wounds near the Navel, about which lie the perforated Tendons of the Oblique and Transverse Muscles, are not without danger, though they be not deep. Wounds also

in the back part of the Thorax, which, though they reach not the Cavity, yet by reason of the proximate dispersion of large Arteries, Veins, and many Nerves, are accounted very dan∣gerous.

XVIII. Wounds in the Joints are of dangerous Consequence, be∣cause of their Tendons and Liga∣ments, which being hurt, many times produce malign Symptoms; especially in a Wound of the inside of the Arm. And of this kind, may be esteemed Wounds of the Arm-pits, bending of the Elbow, inside of the Wrist, and outside of the Leg; because in these there are great Veins, Ar∣teries, Nerves, and Tendons, which hazard violent Fluxes of Blood, Pain, Inflammations, Gangrenes, Convulsions, &c.

XIX. When Nerves, Tendons, and Membranes, investing the Skull or other Bones, are cut or wound∣ed, there is sometimes hurt of the Sense, numbness of the Part, violent Pain, Inflammation, Convulsion, and sometimes a Delirium, by consent of the Brain; and these many times happen, when the Ligaments of the Joints are cut: But the Pain is more violent, and Inflammations, Tu∣mors, or Convulsions oftner suc∣ceed, when the Nerve, or Ten∣don is prick'd, or partly cut, than when they are quite cut asunder.

XX. Wounds of the Nerves are rarely Mortal, unless by Accident; but they are indeed oftentimes very dangerous. Now under the name of Nerves, Galen comprehends both the Nerves themselves, springing from the Brain and Spinal Marrow, and also Liga∣ments and Tendons, which be∣ing wounded, he esteems Ma∣lignant and Dangerous, but ne∣ver Mortal. For, says he, if that no principal Part be drawn into Consent, nor the Wounded or Contused Nerve is affected with an Inflammation, Wounds of the Nerves may be cured without any Danger; and if these Accidents should attend, yet neither shall Pu∣trifaction, or Convulsion, or Death ensue; for Mortal Wounds can only be inflicted on those Parts that are either Principal, or de∣stroy Strength by large Effusion of Blood and Spirits; or serve to some necessary use of Life; all which being seriously considred, the Nerves can never be found of those kinds: For, an Hand, an Arm, or Leg, and their Nerves, may be cut off with∣out loss of Life; and therefore doubtless, Wounds of the Nerves can never be accounted among such as are Mortal, but only a∣mong such as are Dangerous.

XXI. But Nerves which have their Original immediately from the Brain, or mediately from the interposition of the Spinal Marrow, are more apt to cause Convulsions, than Tendons, which are composed of a Nerve and a Ligament. But if the Tendon insert it self into a Muscle, the more of Nerve there is in it, the more of Dan∣ger there is in it; but a wounded Ligament, if it proceeds from one Bone to another, is not of so dangerous a Consequence.

XXII. Lastly, many of those Wounds, which we have said, are

for the most part Mortal, may (when they are small) be account∣ed among the Dangerous: As, Wounds of the Dura Mater, of the edges of the Liver, Lungs, Spleen, Womb, &c. when they are slightly wounded.

V. Wounds of the Nerves, and Back-bone.

XXIII. Not only the hurt of the Muscles, but the hurt of the Nerves also, hinder Motion; because distri∣buted through the Muscles, and being the chief Cause of Motion. For, Galen says, that in all Mus∣cles, whether you wound their Nerves, or cut their Fibres a∣thwart, you immediately de∣prive them of all Motion: Now the Faculty of Motion is deri∣ved from the Brain, and distri∣buted to the other Parts by the Nerves; which, because they are not sufficient of themselves for Motion, the Muscles were ordained, to be as it were, Lea∣vers, that one might the more easily raise up any Weight: For which reason, every Muscle has a Nerve inserted into it, from whence it derives its Motion: And since the original Cause of Motion, is from the Animal Spi∣rit, if that be stopt or inter∣cepted by Cutting, Compressing, or Bruising the Chanel in which it runs, to wit, the Nerves, all Motion and Sense in that Part will cease: But those Parts will yet retain both Motion and Sense, through which the remaining part of the Nerve runs, which it continues with the Brain.

XXIV. Now, the Nerves seldom run along the outside of the Body, into the Muscles, but, for safety sake, as it were, run along the inside. The Nerves that come along to the Hand, run along the inside of the Arm; but contra∣riwise in the Leg; for they run along the backside of the Thigh, because of its Fleshiness. For which cause sake, not any Nerves pass by, or upon, the Elbow, Knee-pan, or Shin-bone, be∣cause they have little or no Flesh upon them; but always deep among the Fleshy Parts of the Limbs, Cartilages, and Liga∣ments.

XXV. If the Nerves springing from the fifth, sixth, and seventh Vertebrae of the Cervix, along the Arm-pits; and from the first and second Vertebrae of the Thorax (which accounted from the begin∣ning, may be called the eighth and ninth pair) being very strangely intermixt, and crossing one a∣nother, descending to the Arm and Hand; if these, I say, be wounded in the Vertebrae, the Motion of the Arms and Hands will be hurt, according to the Magnitude of the Wound.

XXVI. If the Nerves proceed∣ing from the Vertebrae of the Loins and Os Sacrum, which in∣termix and cross one another also, in a various complication, be wound∣ed, there will be a hurt in like manner to the Motions of the Thigh, Leg, and Foot: For whatsoever Pair of Nerves pro∣ceeding from the aforesaid Ver∣tebrae, are hurt, the Muscles un∣derneath will also be hurt.

XXVII. If the Spinal Marrow be cut quite through (says Galen)

in the Region of the third or fourth Vertebrae, the Person will pre∣sently be depriv'd of Breathing; not the Thorax only, but the whole Body below the Wound, becoming immoveable.

XXVIII. If it be cut through, below the second or first Vertebrae, or in the very beginning of the Spinal Marrow, the Person im∣mediately falls down dead. But if the Spinal Marrow be cut quite through, lower than the Fourth Vertebra, all the Muscles of the Brest lose their Motion, and Respiration is performed by the benefit of the Diaphragma, or Midriff only; but a Cut a∣bout the seventh Vertebra, much less, cuts under the eighth or ninth, hinders not the Function of the Thoracick Muscles: And the lower the Wound is yet made, the more Muscles of the Thorax will do their Office.

XXIX. If the Wound of the Spinal Marrow be in a right Line, up and downwards, none of the Intercostal, Lumbar, nor Crural Nerves will lose their use; but if it be cut half way cross, all the Nerves springing thence on the same side, perish. But ge∣nerally hurts of the Parts, from Wounds of the Medulla Spina∣lis, are Mortal, there being not much difference between Wounds of that, and Wounds of the Brain.

VI. Wounds of the Head.

XXX. If a deep Wound be made in the Neck behind, so as to reach the Parts under, you will hurt the Motions of the Head. For there being six Pair of Muscles which draw the Head backward, they all of them lie under some other ex∣ternal Muscles, the Exterior under the Musculous Dilatation, which moves the Cheeks, the Posterior under the Scapular Muscle; where∣fore a superficial Wound cannot hinder the Motion of the Head: All these six Pair of Muscles, come from the Spines of the first five Vertebrae, and reach almost half way up the hinder part of the Head.

XXXI. And there is one Pair of Muscles which bend the Head forward, these arise from the top of the Thorax, and end of the Clavicula, being long, round and strong, and are apparent before the Skin is taken off, and are inserted into the Mamillary Processes: If these be both mo∣ved, the Head is bent forwards; but if it be drawn on one side only, one of them only acts; these, if they be cut, hinder the Motion of the Head forwards or side-ways.

XXXII. A Wound in the Head in the Cutaneous Part, which only makes bare, or breaks the Bone, but hurts not the Meninges, is safe, because it is in the Skin, or a Carnous Part, no Nervous, or Principal Part being hurt. But such a Wound may be in some respects dangerous, because near the Brain, and may put a Per∣son into more hazard, than Wounds of other Parts; and therefore Judgment ought to be delivered concerning them very cautiously, because they produce many and vehement Symptoms, not happening in Wounds of

other Parts, arising from the Nature of the Part, faults in Management, and difficulty of Cure: For such is the formation of the Head; that whatsoever Wound happens in its Skinny or Carnous Substance, it may easi∣ly, by a Fracture of the Skull, be communicated to the Me∣ninges, and the Brain it self; because there may be a Fissure of the Cranium, in another Part than where the Wound is, as Hippocrates affirms, which is cal∣led Resonitus Cranii, or, a Con∣trafissure: And Avicen says, the Skull may be oftentimes broken, whilst the Skin remains whole. And Celsus, That though the Bone be perfectly whole, yet some Vein in the Membrane of the Brain, may be broken and bleed; in all which Cases, a wise Artist may be in a doubt what to do, and make more than small faults, by his Mistakes in Curing.

XXXIII. Such a Fracture of the Cranium, as lays the Meninx, or Dura Mater bare, is full of Danger; for they have place a∣mong Nervous Wounds, which are dangerous. Yet in giving Judg∣ment, consider the Temper of the Clime, Nature of the Place, Quality of the Season, and Habit of the Body, and accordingly deliver your Opinion.

VII. Wounds of the Forehead, and upper Eye-lids.

XXXIV. A Wound in the Fore∣head, near the Eye-brows, if long∣ways, according to the Course of the Fibres, when healed, will not hurt the Function of the Part, or Eye-lid; but if it be transverse and deep, the Eye-brow and Skin un∣der it will be drawn downwards, causing a great trouble to the Eyes, because the upper Eye-lid cannot open freely, nor perfectly do its Duty. This Substance lying up∣on the Forehead, and sticking fast to it, Galen calls a Musculous Skin; Vesalius, not a Musculous, but a Carnous Membrane, but Fallopius says, it is perfect Mus∣cle, from its Fibres and Motion; and Realdus, that it is duplicate, because he has seen one side of the Forehead convulst, whilst the sound side was entire in its Function. These Muscles have no Tendon, because it is not a Bone, but a Skin that is to be moved, and is terminated in that common Suture, which di∣vides the Bones of the Head from those of the upper Jaw: And their Fibres (as Vesalius says) run in a direct Line from the top of the Nose to the begin∣ning of the Forehead; but Co∣lumous says, they run obliquely, from the top of the Nose, to the said middle of the Fore∣head.

XXXV. If the upper Eye-lid is wounded transverse, in the space between the Corners of the Eye, the total loss of the Function of the Eye-lid follows, if the Wound be deep; but if not deep, it will only not shut close. For in this Case, the two oblique Muscles moving and lifting up the Eye-lid, must be cut asunder, or much hurt, according to the Effect following.

VIII. Wounds of the Cheeks.

XXXVI. If the Musculus la∣tus be wounded, whose use is, to draw the Cheeks from one side to theother, and perform some other Motions, without moving the lower Jaw, or opening the Mouth, the Functions of the Cheeks must ne∣cessarily be hurt: This Action is very manifest, in that Convul∣sion, or Contraction, called Spasmus Cynicus; for therein, this Muscle is extreamly stretcht, and contracted-towards its Ori∣ginal: Its Fibres are carried, partly up to the Lips, as in that part of the Muscle which ascends to the Os Pectoris, and middle of the Clavicula; and partly run obliquely from the same, as in that part of it which rises from the rest of the Clavicula, top of the Shoulder, the Sca∣pula, and Region of the Neck.

XXXVII. If the two Muscles descending Obliquely from the Cheeks, moving the upper Lip; and the two Muscles ascending from the end of the Jaw, where the Chin is, be wounded, the Fun∣ctions, or Actions of the Lips will cease, or be hurt. Now let the Wound in these Parts be made which way it will, it is always transverse, and cuts the Fibres across; because the Fibres of those Muscles are strangely in∣terwoven, and complicate one with another.

XXXVIII. If the Region which lies between the Ear, the Fore∣head, and Os Jugale, making an imperfect Circle, called the Tem∣ples, be wounded, the lifting up of the upper Jaw, and the shutting of the Mouth will be hurt. For the Crotaphites, or Temporal Mus∣cle lies there, which arising from the Os Verticis, Frontis, & Temporis, is fastned to the crooked Point of the lower Jaw, drawing it up to shut the Mouth. And the Fibres of this Muscle, run from the Circumference to the Centre, which they do in no other Muscle besides. A Wound in this Muscles causes also (as Hippocrates and Galen say) Con∣vulsions, Fevers, Sleepiness and Doting, because near to the prin∣cipal Nerves.

XXXIX. If the Space between the Os Jugale, and Root of the Ear, at the beginning of the neat her Jaw, be wounded, Mastication, or Chewing will be hindred. For there the Masseter, or Chewing Muscle lies, which you may ea∣sily feel with your Fingers, when the Mouth is open; arising from that part of the Head where the Processus Styloeides are, compre∣hending all the neather Jaw, and drawing it round.

IX. Wounds of the Arms.

XL. If the Muscles dedicated to any Function of the Arm, are wounded, those Functions will be hurt. That which lies upon the Epomis being wounded, the Mo∣tion drawing the Arm upright is hurt. If those two which come by the sides of the former, from the Scapula, be wounded, the Motion which draws the Arm backward or forward, according as they are on this or that side, is hurt. If the three Muscles

which draw the Arm to the Brest are wounded, that Motion also is frustrate. If the four Muscles, proceeding from the Scapula, and that from the lower end of the lowest Rib, under the Scapula, be wounded, the Mo∣tion which turns the Arm back∣ward is prejudiced.

XLI. If the Muscles dedicated to the Cubit, or Elbow, are wound∣ed, the Functions of the Cubit will also be hurt. If the Muscle which appears near the Humeral Vein, having two Heads, one upon the edge of the Head of the Sca∣pula, and another upon the Pro∣cess, and cleaving first to the Os Brachii, and then to the Ra∣dius, having a second under it, assistent to the same Action, be wounded, the Motion extending the Cubit will be hurt: But if a Wound be made in the hinder Part, opposite to the aforesaid Muscles, touching their ends, the Office of bending the Elbow will be lost. If the long Muscle arising from the Os Humeri, and implanted into the lower Ap∣pendix of the Radius, being the second of them which draw the Radius forwards, be wounded, the Motion raising the Radius supinely will be hindred. But if the lower Part of the Ʋlna, going along to the lower Part of the Wrist, be wounded, all the Motions of the Wrist will be hurt; for there all the four Muscles of the Cubit, which are the cause of all the Motion of the Arm, are extended.

XLII. If a Wound be made in the inside of the Cubit, inclining a little back, then the second Joints of the four Fingers cannot bend; for there runs one Muscle, the first among the Internal, which moves the upper part of the Hand, which arising from the lower Swelling of the Humerus, is hid under others, till it comes to the Elbow, where coming forth, it is seen under the Skin, except what the former Muscle does pass over: This then ha∣ving passed the Wrist, is divi∣ded into four Tendons, each of which being fixt to the second Bones of the Fingers, are their Benders. And therefore, what∣ever of the internal Muscles, which run down with the first to the Wrist, are cut, certainly hurt the Function of Contracti∣on, or bending.

XLIII. The Hand is manifestly extended by the external Muscles, placed in the back part of the Arm. If therefore the first of these be wounded, which having past the Elbow, appears, and is seen un∣der the Skin, and runs under another, which extends the Wrist, which being divided in∣to four Tendons, runs to all the Joints of all the Fingers, and extends them; the Motion cau∣sing these Extensions will be frustrate. The second Muscle, by which the Palm is formed, having the same Original with the former, is to be seen under the Skin with the first, proceed∣ing underneath to the Hand; this is that, by which the little Finger is drawn aside from the rest; therefore, if this Muscle is wounded, and the Wound be made in the lower Region, the Function of the little Finger

will be hurt; but if it be made a little above, the Function of the three next Fingers then suffer.

X. Wounds of the Hands.

XLIV. If the back of the Hand be wounded, where (not Muscles, but) Tendons creep along to their Joints, then the Function of that Finger will be hurt, which is next to the Muscle, or Tendon, Cut or Wounded. But many times, when these exterior Tendons have been cut, the Fingers have yet been extended, but the Fun∣ction has been the more weakly performed; the cause of this remaining ability of Extension, is from other Muscles arising in the Palm, which exercising the same Function of extending, with those which were cut, makes the prejudice, or hurt of the Function the less: And this is evident, because, if the Palm of the Hand be wounded, the Motion of the Fingers is many times hurt thereby.

XLV. If therefore the broad Tendon in the Palm, which lies next the Skin, and four Muscles which lie under it, from the mid∣dle of the Palm, to the setting on of the Fingers; which (though they be internal) extend the four Fingers and the Thumb: If, I say, these be Wounded, the Function, or Action of extending the Thumb and Fingers must be hurt. And these four arise from the Tendons of that Muscle, which bends the third Joints of the four Fingers, and then running to the exter∣nal Part, are implanted in the said third Joints, and so extend them.

XLVI. If a Wound be about the little Finger, that Muscle will be hurt, which arises from the fourth Bone of the Matacarpus, and draws it aside from the other Fin∣gers. If the Ball of the Thumb is wounded, the three Muscles which bend the Thumb will be hurt; and whatever Wound it is which hinders its Function, it must be either in it, or very near it, because the Thumb has this peculiar property in it self, to take nothing to it, from any upper part.

XI. Wounds of the Thighs.

XLVII. A Wound any where in that Region of the Buttock, which reaches from the Os Sacrum and Coccyx, half over the Os Ilium, unless it be shallow, will hinder the Extension of the Thigh. For, the Muscle giving this Motion, arises from the aforesaid Parts, and ends at length in the great Trochanter, making the Buttock. But since this Function requires much strength, other Muscles are helpful to it, lest by the hurt of one Muscle, the whole Action of the Part should be lost.

XLVIII. A Wound in the Thigh, in the forepart, between the tops of the Knee-pan, will prejudice the Extension of the Leg. For under that place, there runs the seventh Muscle of them that move the Leg, and under that the eighth Muscle, to be seen above the Knee: But, because it has other Muscles assistant in this Action,

the total loss of this Extension need not be feared, from the wounding of one Muscle.

XLIX. And if that Muscle be wounded, which descends obliquely, almost from the Groin, like a Bor∣der along the inside of the Thigh, and ending in the Shin, that Mo∣tion or Action of the Leg, which draws it towards the Groin on the other side, or to the Thigh, will be very much hurt. And if the hinder part of the Thigh, between the end of the Buttock and the Ham, be wounded, it hinders Contraction; especially if the Tendons be cut, which appear so evidently in the sides of the Ham; that when the Knee is bent, they may be plainly felt by the Fingers.

XII. Wounds of the Legs.

L. If those Muscles, which co∣ming up above the Knee, do by their Bellies, on each side of the Leg, make up the Calf, and at length make the strongest Tendon of the whole Body, coming to the Heel: If these, I say, be wounded, or that Tendon be cut, then the Action of the Foot, which stret∣ches it forth, will be hurt: But the hurt, or wounding of one Muscle, is not sufficient to destroy the Action of the whole; for four other Auxiliary Muscles, lend their Assistance to this Fun∣ction.

LI. If the two Muscles running between the Calf and the Os Tibiae, or Shin bone; one of which next the Calf, extends four of the Toes; the other running by the Os Tibiae, extends the end of the Foot: If, I say, these be wounded, the Action of extending will cer∣tainly be hurt.

LII. If the Metapedium, or Instep he wounded athwart deep, and the Wound be not healed at one Intention, by reason of the Con∣course of Arteries, Veins, Nerves, Muscles, and Tendons, and the easie afflux of Humours, as being a depending Part. If the use of the Foot be not wholly lost, yet the Ulcer will be of difficult Cure, and long in Healing.

CHAP. LII. EXAMPLES of making REPORTS.

I. Of Death, presumed to ensue.

WE A. B. and C. D. Chirur∣gians of the City of L. have by Command, or Order of Counsel, viewed the Body of E. F. which we find in Bed, wounded in his Head, on his left Temple, plercing the Bone with a Fracture, and Depression of the broken Bone, Splinters there∣of, and Meninges into the Sub∣stance of the Brain, with a weak Pulse, dejected Appetite, cold

Sweats, Convulsions, and Ra∣ving; whereby we judge that certain and sudden Death is at Hand: In witness whereof, we have hereunto put our Hands, the 16. May, 1695.

II. A Report in a doubtful Case.

I A. B. by Order of the Co∣roner, have visited G. H. whom I found Sick in Bed, being wounded with a Scimitar, or Cutlass, on his left Thigh. The Wound was three Inches broad, and pierces quite through the Substance of the Thigh, cutting also the great Artery and Vein, whence came a great effusion of Blood, by which he is exceed∣ingly weakned, and is often taken with Swooning Fits: Now, his Thigh is very much Swoln, and livid, whereby a Gangrene, or Sphacelus is fear∣ed; for which Reasons, the Health and Safety of the Sick is much doubted of. In wit∣ness whereof, I have hereunto put my Hand, the 24. August, 1695.

III. A Report, in Case of the loss, or Debility of a Member.

We A. B. C. D. Chirurgians of the City of L. by Command of the Counsel, have visited I. K. whom we found Wounded in his left Arm, with a Wound of four Inches bigness. The Tendons bending the Leg were out, as also the Nerves, and Crural Veins and Arteries: There are also present Malign Symptoms, as, great Pain, In∣flammation, Abscess, Fever, Convulsions, and Gangrene; for which Reasons, we think his Life to be in great danger; but if, through the Skilfulness of the ARtist, and great Care, he e∣scapes Death, he will doubtless continue Lame, all the Days of his Life following, through the Impotency of the wounded Part. In witness whereof, we have hereunto put our Hands, the 12. of April, 1695.

IV. A Report, when Wounds are found in divers Parts.

We A. B. C. D. E. F. Chirur∣gians of L. by Order of the Counsel, have visited M. N. whom we found hurt with five Wounds. The first was on his Head, in the middle of the Os Frontis, three Inches broad, pe∣netrating to the second Table; so that we were forced to take away several Splinters of the same Bone. The second was a∣cross his right Cheek, reaching from his Ear to the middle of the Nose. The third is on the midst of his Abdomen, or Belly, two Inches broad, and so deep, as to pierce into the Capacity, or Hollowness of the Abdomen; so that we were forced to cut away a part of the Caul, coming out thereat, to the bigness of a Wall∣nut, being also grown of a black Colour, and Putrified. The fourth was upon the back of the right Hand, with the Cutting of the Arteries, Veins, Nerves, Tendons, and Bones of that Part; for which Cause, though cured, it will always remain Lame. Tho

fifth upon the Spina Dorsi, two Inches big, with a Paralysis, or Numbness, or Deadness on all the Parts on the right Side be∣low it; for which Reason 'tis much to be feared, that the Me∣dulla Spinalis is hurt. The Pa∣tient has oftentimes Fainting and Swooning Fits, and some∣times Convulsions, Fever, and other ill Symptoms attending; for which Reason, we think his Life to be in very great Danger, (or Death is much to be feared.) In witness whereof, we have hereunto put our Hands, the 14. Day of October, Anno 1695.

V. A Report of a Woman delivered of a Dead Child.

We A. B. C. D. by the Judges Command, have visited G. P. whom we found Sick in Bed, having a strong Fever upon her, with a Convulsion and Efflux of Blood at her Womb, by reason of a Wound in the Abdomen, or Belly, below her Navel on the right Side, penetrating into the Capacity of her Belly; whence it came to pass, that she was de∣livered before her Time, of a Male Child, perfect in all its Parts, but Dead, being killed by the same Wound, which pierced through its Skull, into the Sub∣stance of the Brain: For which Reason we judge, that the Death of the Mother also is near at hand. In witness whereof, we have hereunto put our Hands, the 27. Day of June 1695.

VI. A Report of a Wounded Person, found Dead.

It was demanded of us, E. F. G. H. Chirurgians of the City of L. whether the wounded Bo∣dy received the Wounds alive, or dead? Now, because when a Person is wounded whilst living, the Lips of the Wound will be red and bloody, and the Flesh about it black and blew, with Signs of Blood in the Place where the Body was found: And, be∣cause none of these Signs are found in this present Body, nor any appearance of Blood, or bleeding, neither about the Wound, nor about the Place, though the Weapon be found in the Wound, and run through the Body; because that the Blood being cold and coagulated, be∣fore the Wound was made, it could not flow to the Part hurt or wounded: For these Reasons we judge, the Wound was made after Death; and that the De∣ceased was not Felo de se, but kill'd first, and afterwards run through by another. In witness whereof, we have hereunto put our Hands, the 10. May, 1695.

The first Five of these Reports, are in a manner taken out of Parae∣us, or made in imitation of his; I do not say how exquisitely they are worded; nor with what Ar∣tist-like Terms they might, or ought to have been expressed; yet they may serve as Exemplars for others, to take Pattern by, and do better when Occasion shall require.

VIII. EMBALMING.

CHAP. LIII. EMBALMING the AEGYPTIAN WAY.

I. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Pol∣linctura, (à pollincere, vel pollingere) Conditura, (a condiendo) Balsamatio, (à Bal∣samo;) The Art of Embalming, is that which teaches to cleanse, sweeten, perfume and dry, or pre∣serve a dead Carkass or Body.

II. The Artist is called, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Pol∣lictor, seu Pollinctor, an Em∣balmer, or Preserver of Dead Bodies.

III. The Aegyptians called him 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Salinator, a Salter; and the Art, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Salitura, the Art of Salting; because the ancient way of Em∣balming in that Nation, was by Salting or Poudering with Salt, as we shall now immediately teach.

IV. Embalming is exercised ei∣ther according to the ancient Ae∣gyptian ways; the European ways; or, our Modern Institu∣tions.

V. The ancient Aegyptian way of Preserving the Dead, was either by Salting; or, by Aromatick Gums and Spices.

VI. The Scythians eat their Dead; the Graecians burn; the Indians anoint with Oils and Fats; the Persians bury, but first Encerate; the Babylonians bury in Honey and Wax; and this was the Custom also sometime among the Graecians; for Agesi∣laus of Lacedaemon was Embalm∣ed in Honey, as Xenophon relates; so also was the Body of Alexan∣der the Great, as you may per∣ceive from Statius, in Sylvis.

VII. The Aegyptians Embalm, and that either with Salts, or with Aromaticks, to keep the Body from stinking, putrifying or breeding of Worms, and (if it were possible) to make it Im∣mortal: These Embalmed Bo∣dies they call Gabbares.

VIII. Their Opinion was, that so long as the Body endu∣red, so long the Soul continued with it; therefore they studied to preserve their Dead by Em∣balming, lest the Soul should quickly transmigrate to another Body.

IX. The Romans, from a con∣trary Opinion, burnt their Dead, that their Souls might quickly be discharged, and return into their own Nature. Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus tell us, That these Embalmed Bodies become, as it were, petrified, and hard

like Marble. August. de diversis, Serm. 120. concludes from this their Practice, that they held, or believed, the Resurrection of the Dead.

X. The Aegyptian Art of Sali∣nation is threefold, viz. either by Salt alone; or, by Salt and Juice of Cedar; or, by Salt and Aro∣matick Gums and Spices.

XI. Herodotus and Diodorus have very copiously Recorded the manner of Embalming; and how he that professes that Art, keeps Patterns of dead Bodies; as also, that according as they are paid, they can Embalm the Body, exact or not; and that those who would go the Price of it, might have their Dead done extream curiously. See Herodotus, lib. 2.

I. Salination with Salt alone.

XII. This was only of Use with the Poor People. The dead Body was carried to the Salina∣tors, (for so they were called) where the Body being opened with a sharp Ethiopick Stone, with Lotions it was cleansed, and the Belly purely wash'd, then with Nitre it was Salted seventy Days, and after dried; in which Condition it would keep firm many Hundreds of Years.

XIII. And if an Aegyptian, or a Stranger was found killed by a Crocodile, or drowned in the River, the City where he was cast up, or found, must Embalm him, (with Salt only, 'tis supposed) and bury him in the Sacred Mo∣numents; whom no one, no not a Relation or Friend may touch, but the Priests of Nile only.

II. Salination with Salt, and Juice, or Balsam of Cedar.

XIV. This was of Use among the middle or better Sort of People. The Salinator forces up a Clyster by the Anus, of the Juice, or Balsam of Cedar, with which they fill (as it were) the Cavity of the Belly, neither cutting nor unbowelling; then they Salt it with Nitre for Seventy Days compleat.

XV. At the end of that Term they take out the Clyster, and out with it comes the Guts, Ven∣tricle, and other internal Vis∣cera; so powerful is the Clyster made of Juice, or Balm of Cedar.

XVI. In the mean Season, the Nitre has consumed all the other superfluous Humidities, having penetrated to the Bone: thus the Body being made throughly clean, it is after dried, and put into its proper place, where it will remain without Corruption multitudes of Years.

III. Salination with Salt, and Aromaticks.

XVII. The Salinator extract∣ed the Brain by the Nostrils with a Hook, then he filled it with dissolved Gums, after that, with a sharp Ethiopick Stone, he ript up the Belly, and unbowelled it, which was immediately washt and cleansed with Phoenician, or Palm-wine.

XVIII. And filling the whole Cavity of the Belly with Aro∣matick

Spices, Myrrh and Cassia, (but no Frankincense) it was sewed up, and then Salted with Nitre for Seventy Days; at the end of which time it was clean∣sed, washed and dried.

XIX. This done, it was bound with Fillets, or Ribands, begin∣ning at the Head, and ending at the Feet, and then going a∣gain from the Feet to the Head; to the wrapping up (as the Hi∣storian says) of a Thousand Ells; after which it is wrapped up in a Cere-Cloth, dip'd in melted Gums and Rosins.

XX. The Body then is restored to the Relations, who make a wooden Coffin, in shape of a Man, into which they put the Dead, and entomb him.

IV. The Aegyptian Embalming, with Aromaticks alone.

XXI. The Artist that is to Dis∣sect the Belly, is called the Scribe; he lays the Body upon the Ground, and marks out how much of the Belly must be cut open about the left side; this Section is performed with the sharp Ethiopick Stone.

XXII. The Entrails are pre∣sently flung away, by their Law, being pulled out by the Hand of the Embalmer; but the Heart and Kidnies are cleansed with Phoe∣nician Wine, or Wine of Palms, and Aromaticks, and kept.

XXIII. This done, the whole Body is anointed with Juice, or Balsam of Cedar, or Turpentine, for about Forty Days, (the number of the Days of their Mourning for the Dead:) Afterwards they per∣fume the Body with Myrrh, Cin∣namon, Aloes, and other Aroma∣tick Gums, Spices, and Odors.

XXIV. And this is done in such sort, that (as their Historians report) the Hair shall be preserved and renewed Hundreds of Years; and every Member kept so en∣tire, that the Eye-brows, Beard, and Countenance, and shape of the whole Body, may easily be known by any that knew them in their life-time. Diodorus Si∣culus, lib. 1.

XXV. Now from what Histo∣rians have said, and the evident Demonstration of the Mumies brought from Aegypt, it is cer∣tain, that they had two ways of Embalming; the one cheap, for the poorer sort, the other costly, for the Rich.

XXVI. For the poorer People they used Asphaltus, i. e. Bi∣tumen Judaicum, or Pissasphal∣tum, which is a mixture of Pitch and Bitumen.

XXVII. For the Rich, they used Aromatick Spices, Balsa∣mick Juices, Oils, and Rosins, such as Opobalsamum, liquid Rosin of Cedar, Aloes, Myrrh, Turpentine of Chi••, Cassia lignea, Cinnamon, &c. which by their Bitterness, innate Balsamick Sul∣phur, Oiliness, and Volatil Salt, were able to resist Putrifaction and Corruption, for a very great number of Years.

CHAP. LIV. EMBALMING the EUROPEAN WAYS.

I. THESE are such as are universally practised thro' most of the European Nations, and are either without Dissecti∣on, or with it.

II. Those which are Embalmed without Dissection, cannot be of that endurance which they are of, who are Dissected; nor are those Bodies useful for Mum∣mies.

III. The name of Mummy is only given to Dissected Bodies, Em∣balmed with Aromatick Drugs; or, to those Bodies which are covered over, and dried in the Sands of Lybia, by the heat of the Sun.

IV. It is improperly given either to the Liquor which flows from the Coffins of Princes Embalmed, which being dried in the Sepul∣chre, becomes hard as the Em∣balmed Flesh.

V. Or, to those Bodies which are Embalmed with Asphalthum or Bitumen, (which is a Sulphu∣rous Humidity of the Earth) which, through length of time, being once dry, becomes like Mortar, or a crusted Paste over the Body.

VI. The Coffins of the Aegyp∣tians were shaped out to the Simi∣litude of a Man; and if they were made of Wood, it was Sy∣camore or Cedar, which are re∣ported, will remain sound for ever,

I. Embalming without Dissection, called Encearing.

VII. You ought to cleanse the Bowels well by Clysters cast in, made either of Wine Vinegar, Sea Water, Salt Brine, or Solution of Niter, or a strong Decoction of Co∣loquintida; and these to be often repeated; then hanging the Body up by the Arms, that the Ordure, or Faeces may drop out.

VIII. If the Body be laid in warm Water almost scalding hot, for a season, after the Exhibiti∣on of the Clyster, it will work so much the better.

IX. The Bowels being cleansed, let all the Passages of the Body be stopt up with hurds dipt in the Com∣position prepared for the Cere∣cloth, and over them lay Cloth fitted, and dipt in the same.

X. Lastly, wrap up the Body in a Cerate, made of new Cloth; so large as it may go four, or five, or more times round the Body, as you think fit; and then Cord it up, putting it into a strong well made Coffin, well and firmly Pitcht all over the inside.

XI. But here note, 1. That in thin and lean Bodies, it is not al∣ways necessary to use the Cly∣sters, being chiefly for fat and gross Bodies.

XII. 2. That some Cord not the Body, being wrapt in the Cere-cloth;

but it is most safe to use Cordage, if the Body be very Fat and Gross.

XIII. 3. That the Cerat for this purpose you may see in our Doron, or Supplement to our London Dispensatory, lib. 3. cap. 5. sect. 1, 2. Or you may use this following:

XIV. ℞ Burgundy Pitch lbxij. Bees Wax lbiv. Pitch lbi. Frank∣incense, Gum Elemi, Verdigrise a. lbss. Oil q.s. melt, mix, and make a Cerat. Or this, ℞ Bees Wax lbxx. Rosin, Sheeps Suet, Stone Pitch, a. lbx. Turpentine lbvi. Oil enough to give it the body of a Cerat.

II. Embalming with Aroma∣ticks.

XV. Have in a readiness for Dissection, all the proper Instru∣ments, Incision Knives, Saws, &c. as also Spunges, Stuphes, Linnen, Needles, waxed Thread, Bandages.

XVI. 2. Embowel the Corps, removing all the Viscera, or con∣tained parts in the three Venters, except the Heart and Kidnies, which may be Embalmed with the Body. All these Bowels you may put in an Urn, or Pot, and bury them by themselves.

XVII. 3. The Venters being all freed, dry them very well with Spunges and Cloths, and then wash them with Water and Salt, or Vinegar, or Salt and Vinegar, or Aqua Vitae, or Spirit of Wine, or Lixivium of Quicklime.

XVIII. And if would have the Body to keep for a longer time, make Incision into the inside of the Thighs, Arms, and other Fleshy Parts, where the greater Vessels lie, that the Blood may be ex∣tracted, and so you may do, if you please, to the whole Body; after which dry and wash it, as we have just now directed.

XIX. Lastly, wash it with Vi∣negar, in which Colocynthis, Worm∣wood, Rue, Aloes, Salt and Alum have been Infused and Decocted.

XX. 4. This done, fill the said Venter and Incisions with this Pou∣der; Pulvis ad Implendas Cavi∣tates Cadaverum. ℞ Acorus, Or∣rice, Birthwort, Rhodium, Xyloa∣loes, Gentian, Zedoary, Bay-ber∣ries, Ginger, Cardamoms a. lbiij. Myrrh, Aloes a. lbxv. Leaves of Wormwood, Centory, Master-wort, Rosemary, Pepper, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, Labdanum a. lbij. make all into a Pouder, and moisten with Spirit of Wine to embody it; all which will be little enough, if the Body be large, and you Embalm the Bowels also.

XXI. For you ought not to leave the least Cavity unsought, but fill every Corner, as full as the Skin will hold.

XXII. 5. The Venters being filled, sew up all the places, and anoint the Body all over with, first, Oils of Turpentine, Spike, Juniper-berries, and Cloves, mixt together in equal quantities: Secondly, with Balsam of Peru; which done, strew over the whole Body, some of this follow∣ing Pouder, till it be about half an Inch, thick.

XXIII. Pulvis ad Cadavera Loricanda: ℞ Myrrh Elect, fine Aloes, Benjamin, Gum Guajaci, Orrice-root, Acorus, Cloves, Cin∣namon,

Tacamahacca, Lignum Rhodium, Bay-berries, a. lbij. make all into a Pouder, and mix them.

XXIV. 6. The next thing you are to do, is to wrap up the Body in Cere-cloths, so large as may go, three, four, or five times round it; the form of the Cere∣cloth you have above at Sect. 14. or others (in my Opinion better) in our Doron, lib. 3. cap. 5. sect. 1, 2.

XXV. 7. Lastly, Put up the Body into the Coffin, which, if it be of Wood, let it be exceedingly well Pitched all over within: If of Lead, let it be Soddered up; after having first filled up all the empty Spaces, with either of the Pouders at Set. 20. or 23. afore∣mentioned.

III. Another way to do the same.

XXVI. 1. Open the Skull be∣hind, about the breadth of the Palm of an Hand, something more or less; take out the Brain, and fill the Cavity with this Pouder.

XXVII. ℞ Myrrh, Aloes a. lbxv. Benjamin, Tacamahacca, Gum Guajaci, Labdanum a. lbv. Roots of Orrice, Gentian, Ginger, Zedoary, Aristolochy round, Bay-berries, Acorus, Asphaltum, Cloves, Cinnamon a. lbiij. mix, and make a Pouder. Then put on the piece of Skull again, and few it fast on.

XXVIII. 2. Make an Incision from that part of the Brest where the Ribs meet above the Navel, and another Incision crossing it, about eighteen Inches long, so as to lay open the Region of the Liver, Spleen, and Stomach: Separate the whole from the Sternon on both sides in the Mu∣cilaginous Parts, raise the Ster∣non against the face of the Body; take out the Tongue, Eyes, Lungs, Heart, Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Intestines, and all the contained Parts.

XXIX. Make also two or three Incisions all along each Arm and Leg, and deep Incisions in the Buttocks and Thighs; as also from the Neck to the Buttocks on the Back, separating the Skin and fat Parts with an Incision-Knife.

XXX. Lastly, make five or six Incisions in the Neck, two in tho Soles of each Foot, and as many in the Palms of each Hand.

XXXI. 3. Suck up the Blood, and watery Humors with Spunges, bathe and wash the Parts with good Spirit of Wine; after rub with good Spirit of Salt, or S.V. to every lbss. of which, ℥i. of Spirit of Salt is put.

XXXII. And then fill every Hole and Corner, and all the Inci∣sions and Spaces between the Skin and Flesh; as also the Mouth, Eye-holes, Nostrils, and whole Cavity of the Body, as full as the Skin will hold, with the Pouder at Sect. 27. aforegoing, and few up the Skin firmly with Thread well Waxed.

XXXIII. 4. This being done, a∣noint the Body all over with Bal∣sam of Peru, strewing it over with the Pouder at Sect. 23. above.

XXXIV. 5. Then wrap the Bo∣dy in a Cere-cloth, and soder it up in a Leaden Coffin, where

it may be preserved for many Ages.

XXXV. 6. If you would preserve the Body for some time to lie in State, where it may be appa∣relled with Linnen, Cloths, Hose, Shoes, Gloves, &c. with the Head and Face uncovered; you must prepare a white Linnen Odoriferous Cere-cloth, which cut into long Bandages of a∣bout two or three Inches broad, with which swath the Arms, Legs, Thighs by themselves, and afterwards the whole Body, ap∣plying the Swaths aslant upon the Pouder.

XXXVI. Ʋpon which you may Clothe the Body, as if it were Li∣ving, and Comb out the Hair; often wash the Face with S.V. rectified, and lay over it, when it is not publickly exposed, double Linnen Cloths dipt in the same; or a Portion of the said Odoriferous Cere-cloth, which for this purpose may be thus made.

XXXVII. ℞ White Bees-wax lbvij. Venice Turpentine lbss. Oil of Nutmegs by Expression ℥iv. di∣stilled Oils of Orange-Peels, of Li∣mon-Peels, of Rhodium, a. ℥ij. melt, mix, and make a Cerate.

CHAP. LV. EMBALMING the MODERN WAYS.

I. A special and particular Way of Embalming, very excellent.

I. EMbowel, or remove all the contained Parts, in all the three Venters as aforesaid, ma∣king also fit Incision in all the fleshy Parts, and where-ever any of the great Vessels lie.

II. This done, and the whole Body wiped very dry, and through∣ly cleansed; lay it for three or four Hours in very warm Water, (in which Nitre, an ounce to every quart, is dissolved) till the Wa∣ter is well coloured; pour that Water away, and put in fresh, letting the Body be in it as long; cast that Water away, and this Work repeat, till the Water will be no more coloured.

III. Afterwards you shall dry the Body very well with Cloths and Spunges, and lay it so, as that all that can may drain out of it, then put it into good Spirit of Wine, so much as to over-top it for 3, or 4 Fingers breadth; wherein let it lie for forty-eight Hours: Pour off that Spirit, and affuse new, letting it lie forty-eight Hours as aforesaid: This Work repeat so long, till the Spirit will be no more co∣loured.

IV. Then take fresh Spirit of Wine, to every Pint of which put half an Ounce of the best Oil of Vitriol, Oil of Sulphur, or Oil of Salt, mix them well together,

and pour them upon the whole Body, as you poured the for∣mer Spirit; in which let it lie twenty-four Hours, after which decant the Liquor, and, with what care you can, very curi∣ously dry the Body in all its Parts.

V. Being well dried, besmear it all over, both within and with∣out, with a Hogs-bristle Brush, with this following Liquor: ℞ fine Myrrh, Benjamin, Rosin a. ℥iv. rectified Spirit of Wine, enough to dissolve the biggest part of the a∣foresaid Rosins, in a gentle Sand heat: This dissolution mix with half its quantity of the solution of fine Aloes, in other rectified Spirit of Wine; for the aforesaid Ʋse: You may do it twice a day all over with the said Brush for eight or ten days together.

VI. These ten days being over, fill the Capacities of all the Ventricles with the Pouder at Sect. 27. Chap. 54. beforegoing; and Anoint the outside of the Body all over with Balsam of Peru; which done, wrap it in the Cere-cloth at Sect. 37. Chap. 54. The Body being thus Embalmed, will keep some Thousands of Years without any decay.

VII. Lastly, put it into the Coffin or Tomb, prepared for it, observing the Directions in Chap. 54. Sect. 25.

II. Balthasar Timaeus à Gulden∣klee, his Way of Embalming; Epist. Medicinal. Lib. 6. Ep. 10.

VIII. This is done according to the Pleasure of the Relations, some∣times the whole Body, with all its Cavities and Limbs, are Em∣balmed; sometimes the middle and lowest Venters, and some∣times only the lowest is taken out, and preserved.

IX. Some (says he) use Aloes and Myrrh; some, Spirit of Wine; some, Vinegar and Salt; and some, a Lixivium and Quick-lime: Others, compounded Pouders, Ointments, distilled Oils and Balsams.

X. I have Embalmed several after the following Method: First, I provide all my requisite Instru∣ments; as, Knives, Rasors, Scis∣sars, Tweezers, Bodkins, Saws, Hooks, Needles, Thread, Cords, Swathing Bands, Spunges, Tow, Linnen, Vinegar, Aqua Vitae, Salt-water, Magistral Pouders, Oils, Balsams, Cere-cloths, &c.

XI. The Corps is well washed and cleansed with warm Wine, from all its external Filth, and laid on a convenient place: I cut open the Abdomen cross-ways, taking out the Guts, Mesentery, Stomach, Kidnies, Spleen, Blad∣der, (and Womb, if a Woman∣kind) ordering a Servant to empty and cleanse them.

XII. Then I open the Thorax, taking out the Lungs, Heart, Ar∣teries, Veins, Diaphragma, and the Oesophagus to the Epiglottis, carefully emptying and clean∣sing all the Vessels.

XIII. The Cavities of the Tho∣rax and Abdomen, are first washt well with cold Water, and wip'd dry with Spunges; then with strong Vinegar, and lastly with A.V. or S.V. Spiritus Solomonis, which is a very effectual thing, to

prevent Putrifaction and Cor∣ruption.

XIV. After which, I strew the following described Pouder upon all the Parts, and rub it well in; applying also every where, Pled∣gets of Tow, or Cotten dipt in A.V. and then strewing on more Pouder, till I fill the whole Cavity of the Thorax, and Abdo∣men therewith; and then I sew up the Skin.

XV. Coming now to the Head, I divide the Skull circularly, with a sharp Saw, or else open it only from the Crown to the Occiput, take out the Brain, and wash the Cavity in like manner, as I did the Thorax, &c. before, first with cold Water, then with Vinegar, and last of all very well with A.V. or Spiritus Solo∣monis; and fill it as I did the former Cavities, with the said Pouder and Tow.

XVI. I cleanse the Jaws also very well with a Syringe, and fill them with Pouder of Cinnamon and Cloves: I anoint the Face well (and reiterate the Anoint∣ing) with Balsam of Peru, or Spiritus Solomonis.

XVII. Then I make deep In∣cisions in the Musculous and Fleshy Parts, chiefly about the Buttock, carefully squeezing out the Blood, and strewing them with the aforementioned Pouder.

XVIII. Which done, I wrap the Body up in hot Cerecloth, and a∣noint it all over with Ship Pitch, Pine Rosin, and Liquid Storax, melted together at the Fire.

XIX. If the Body is to be kept long, the fleshy Parts must be taken away, and buried with the Bowels: but you may put the Heart in its place again, or keep it by it self in a Box, being wash'd first of all with our Balsamick Water of Aloes and Myrrh; afterwards with Spiritus Solomonis, and then Anointed with Balsam of Peru.

XX. Now here is to be observed, 1. That the Embalming is to be hast∣ned after the Parties Death, and not put off above twenty-four Hours, especially if the Weather be hot.

XXI. 2. That the Body be kept in a cold place, and not ex∣posed to the heat of the Sun: Nor yet put in a wooden Coffin, but in one of Lead, with Tin or Silver over it; because Wood rots, and in humid Vaults swells, and so bursts the Tin, or Silver Coffins.

XXII. 3. In Embalming, do it carefully, lest any putrid Ex∣halation should offend those about the Funeral, which is a great disgrace to the Artist.

XXIII. 4. The Artist and his Servants, must take care not to receive any harm from the Efflu∣via, and Smells or Steams coming from the putrified Viscera; more especially, if they died of a Phthisis, or Empyema, or some other Contagious Disease.

XXIV. 5. That in Summer∣time this Operation be done in a Room, with Windows open to the North: In Winter, in a Room aired with a Fire made of Ash, or Oak, and some Juniper with it, but in no wise in a Stove.

XXV. 6. Let the Artist and Servants (when going about this work) take some Alexipharmick, to defend them against the perni∣cious

Scents; anoint their No∣strils with some Balsam, or hold to them a Spunge dipt in Be∣zoardick Vinegar; and hold in their Mouths Trochisci de Zedoa∣ria, de Corticibus Citri, or the like Alexitericks: If he has none of these things, let him eat some Food, or Bread tosted and dipt in Wine.

XXVI. 7. That it is better to begin with opening the Abdomen, and not to use Quicklime, or other Corrosive things; for that they rather Consume, than Preserve, the Bodies they are applied to.

XXVII. The Pouder men∣tioned at Sect. 14. aforegoing: ℞ Aloes lbv. choise Myrrh lbiv. Hermodacts, Styrax Calamita, Cloves, dried Rosemary a. lbij. biting Cinnamon, Frankincense a. lbj. dried Bay Leaves, Red Roses a. lbss. cut what are to be cut, and make a gross Pouder.

XXVIII. The Cere-cloth to wrap the Body up in, and to line the Coffin withal: ℞ yellow Bees-wax lbxxv. Venice Turpen∣tine, Colophonia, Rosin a. lbiij. Ship Pitch lbijss. Frankincense, Liquid Storax a. lbij. Verdigrise lbj. Oil of Spike lbss. being melt∣ed and mixt well together, add of Sheeps, or Beef Suet lbij. In this mixture, dip a whole piece of Linnen Cloth, or so much as may serve the Occasion.

XXIX. The Pouder to be strewed on the Cere-Cloth: ℞ Wormwood, Southern-wood, La∣vender, Rosemary, Bay Leaves, a. M. vj. Sage, Marjoram, Basil, Origanum, Time, Savory, Hyssop, Camomil-flowers a. M. iij. Orrice∣root in Pouder, Salt a. lbiv. Li∣gnum Rhodium lbiij. Red Roses, Aloes, Myrrh, Frankincense, Sto∣rax, Benjamin a. lbij. Wood of Juniper, Sassafras a. lbiss. Roots of Calamus Aromaticus, of An∣gelica, of Cyperus Orange and Ci∣tron Peels, Cinnamon, Cloves a. lbj. yellow Sanders, Lignum A∣loes a. lbss. mix, and make a Pouder, which moisten with Oil of Spike lbss.

XXX. An Oil to Anoint withal: ℞ Chymical Oils of Rose∣mary, and of Lignum Rhodium a. ℥iij. Oil of Cloves ℥jss. distilled Oils of Wormwood and Origanum a. lbj. mix them.

XXXI. The Balsam: ℞ Li∣quid Storax ℥vj. Balsam of Peru ℥ij. Oil of Rhodium ℥iss. Oil of Mace ℥ss. mix them.

III. Gabriel Clauder, his Way of Embalming.

XXXII. The most famous Em∣balmer that ever yet came upon the Stage of the World, was the Excellent Bilsius, who did it with that Curiosity, that not any of the Embalming Matter stuck to the outward Parts of the Body; his Fame reached to the King of Spain's Ears, who had him in such admiration, that he or∣dered him to be paid (by his Governour in the low Coutries) Twenty Thousand Crowns, upon condition he should declare faithfully upon Oath, his so ex∣cellent an Art; and to be an honorary Professor in the Uni∣versity of Lovain, where he should teach Anatomy according to his Manual Operation; for which he was to have a Pension

of Two Thousand Crowns per Annum.

XXXIII. But the University refused him, after much strug∣gling; whereupon at length, Bil∣sius laden with his Money, bid Lovain farewel; and going home to his United Provinces, he died, and (for all that we yet know) his famous Secret was buried with him.

XXXIV. This admirable ex∣cellency of Bilsius put others upon search, and though Bilsius was so un∣kind as not to make the World happy with his Invention, it put another Man upon making Trials; to wit, the Excellent Clauder, Phy∣sician to the Duke of Saxony, who after many and various Experiments, found out the following most excellent Method or Way.

XXXV. The Body having been dead at most but twenty-four hours, he lays its in a long and large Oaken Tray, or Tray of some other hard Wood; upon which he pours his Preserving, or Embalming Spirit, so much as will over-top the Body about ten Inches.

XXXVI. This Spirit is made extemporanco modo, thus: ℞ fair Water lbxij. Pot-ashes lbij. mix and dissolve, letting them stand for an hour or two: To which Solu∣tion add of the best Sal Armoniack poudered lbj. or something more; shake them together (in a Glass) oftentimes, for the more easie and better dissolution of the Ingredients, stopping the Glass, lest the volatil Particles should fly out; which done, filter it through a brown Pa∣per, and keep it for use.

XXXVII. Now as this Spirit is filled with both a fixed and a Volatil Alcali; so it immediately raises the Body, and will not let it sink for some Days, or Weeks, by reason of a Crude and Im∣pure Matter, which puffs up the Body like a Tympany; for which reason, and lest the up∣per Parts which would lie un∣covered, might Corrupt, either the Vessel must be every Day moderately shaken, that the Balsamick Liquor may come at all the Parts; or the Corps must be prest down in the Liquor, (which is the better way) with a piece, or two, of a wooden Lath.

XXXVIII. This done, the Ves∣sel must be exactly covered, and the Chinks must be stopt close with Paper and Paste; not only to prevent the Volatil Spirits from flying away, but also to keep the External Air from getting in, and Corrupting it.

XXXIX. If it be a large Body, it must lie twelve or thirteen Weeks; but for little Bodies, six or eight Weeks will be sufficient to to lie in this Pickle; and a Months time may be long enough for others: And it ought to be kept in a cool Place, not a hot and moist, which is chiefly to be observed in Summer time: See also whe∣ther the Flesh be hard, or soft.

XL. After a Month, two, or three, the Vessel must be opened, and the Liquor gertly poured off, or taken out; and the Body is to be gently taken out of the Ves∣sel, which done, it is to rest for eighteen or twenty-four Hours.

XLI. Then lay it in a Stove of a moderare heat, to dry up the

superfluous moisture, or you may lay hot Bricks upon the Belly, or strew upon it hot Sand, es∣pecially upon the Abdomen; or in Summer time, you may ex∣pose it to the vehement Heat of the Sun.

XLII. But note, that you turn the Body every day on a new side, that the Humidities of every part, may be the better dried up by the external Heat; after which it may be washt with a Spunge, to clear it of Filth, if any be; and then well dried, by wiping with hot Linnen Cloths.

XLIII. What has been hitherto said, may be sufficient, if it be a Child, or the Body is only kept some few Weeks, for the performing of the Funeral Obsequies: But if it be a Man or Woman, or a very large fat Body, and it is intend∣ed to be kept for a longer Con∣tinuance, you must within 18, or 24 Hours after Death, set the Body upright, and pour into the Stomach, by the Mouth, 16, 20, 24, or 30 Ounces, more or less of the afore-described Spiritus Balsamans, doing it leisurely, that it may well re∣pleat the Stomach, and take Possession thereof; stopping the Mouth, Chops, and Throat with Cotton dipt in dissolved Myrrh, Balsam Capivi, or Cypress Tur∣pentine; binding it also in, if you see need require it, lest the Spirit should come forth again.

XLIV. In the Arm-holes, and in the Groins, you may make holes with a sharp Knife, or a three∣square-pointed Bodkin, so deep that they may pierce into the Capacity of the Thorax and Abdomen; in∣to which put Pipes, made either of large Goose or Swans Quills, or turned, and made out of some hard Wood, as Box, or rather of Ivory, (not much unlike to Clyster-pipes, but their Heads need not be full out so large) that thereby the Embalming Liquor may the more easily en∣ter into, and repleat the said Cavisities of the Brest and Bel∣ly, and so correct the Cru∣dities of the Blood and Hu∣mors, lodging in the Mesentery, and inward Parts of the other Bowels, which otherwise would Putrifie and Rot, but by this means will be easily and happily dried and preserved.

XLV. The Stomach being thus filled by the Mouth, and the Pipes put into their several holes under the Arms, and in the Groins, let the Body be laid in a fit Posture, as directed at Sect. 35 afore∣going, pouring upon it, the Spiritus Balsamans, till it is the height above the Body, before directed, letting it lie in the Spirit for six or eight Weeks, at least, before the Preserving Li∣quor is decanted, or poured off.

XLVI. If also to the former Em∣balming Liquor, you add the Juices of Wormwood, Carduus, or Centory, or any other bitter thing, as Colocynthis, Aloes, Myrrh, &c. which have also a mighty Pre∣serving Power in them, you will very much augment the Bal∣samick Energy, and Force.

XLVII. A very fat Body is much more difficult and tedious to be Embalmed after this manner, because the thick Substance of the Fat, does resist the Force of

the penetrating Balsamick Spi∣rit: And therefore, for that Reason, the Body must be re∣tained a longer time in the Pre∣serving Liquor.

XLVIII. Now, if there be any Ʋlcer, or Ʋlcers in the Body, whether inward or outward; or any Vessel broken, by which there is an Efflux of Blood, which has lain and putrified in the Body; (though the Embalming Spirit being but once affused upon the Body may do, yet, because it will be depauperated, and made Spiritless) it will be best in these Cases, or where speed is required in doing the Work, to decant off, or change the first affused Liquor, after it has lain on about fourteen Days: and this second Affusion, after it has lain the same space of time, may be decanted in like man∣ner, and once more repeated with fresh Spirit: But oftner is not necessary, because of its mighty Penetrability, whereby an Erosion of the Abdomen may be feared, which Experience has sufficiently taught.

XLIX. This doubtless, is an excellent way of Preserving dead Bodies: But if the Relatives of the Deceased will be perswaded to an Exenteration, which is a remo∣ving of the Viscera of both Ven∣tricles, viz. of the Thorax and Abdomen, according to the for∣mer Methods of Embalming; as it will exceed all the other ways yet taught, so will it be performed in a much shorter time, than what we have here limited: And if the Viscera be cleansed, and Embalmed by themselves, with the same Li∣quor, they may (if you so please) be reposited.

L. The Body having now laid its due time in the Embalming Spirit, let it be gently removed and laid by its self, as before-di∣rected at Sect. 40. for eighteen or twenty-four Hours, that the Liquor may drain away, and the superfluous Moisture be dried up: Then put it into the Tray or Trough again, and pour upon it this following Liquor; ℞ Water q.v. in every Gallon of which, dissolve of Nitre or Alum q.s. or ℥vi. or viij. letting it over-top the Body six or eight Inches, and lie therein for two or three Days.

LI. This being done, pour off the Liquor, and take forth the Body; which being drained well, and freed by wiping with dry Linnen Cloths, from the superfluous Hu∣midities, put it into a Stove of a moderate heat, to be through∣ly dried; or you may wrap it up and dry it in a Sand heat; or otherwise expose it to the heat of the Sun, till it is dried as much as is needful.

LII. And though the Body is dried, yet will not the Volatil saline Particles easily fly away, but adhere to the Parts through which they have pierced, and even dwell there, not considerably eva∣porating, they being in some measure fixed by the Acids of the Body, and held in by the Skin, Membranes, and other Parts, their Pores being as it were constringed, or closed; and they will yet more firmly adhere, or stick to the Parts

within the Body, for the same Reasons.

LIII. But how long a Body thus Embalmed, or Preserved, may keep, is scarcely possibly to be de∣termined, we can only speak to this Matter by Conjecture; though it may be hoped, that it may be Conserved many Years; and some Bodies naturally dry, even to a kind of Petrification: But, the ground of such a Conserva∣tion and Durability, consists very much in defending the Body from the Mutations of the Air; and, in particular, from the Humidities thereof, which will be apt to resolve and melt the saline Matter, with which the Body is Preserved.

LIV. Lastly, It prevails much for the long keeping, and durabi∣lity of the Body, to cleanse it often, from the Putriscible Atoms or Par∣ticles, adhering to the Skin, for some Weeks together, with a Spunge dipt in the Embalming Liquor; or the afore-described Aqua Nitrata, keeping it either in a hot and dry, or else in a very cold and dry Place: After which it may be wrapped in a Cere-cloth, made of Linnen, dipt into a Composition of Wax mixt with Turpentine, and so laid in a Coffin of Wood, Lead, or Tin, as its ultimate Defence against the Injuries of the Air.

IX. MEDICAL STORE: OR, Pharmacopoeia Chirurgica.

CHAP. LVI. De Simplicibus.

I. MEdicamenta sunt vel Sim∣plicia, vel Composita.

II. Simplicia ea vocamus, quae talia sunt qualia natura produxit, quaeque nullam ab Arte Compositi∣onem sumunt, Compositionem tamen Ar••e factorum ingrediuntur.

III. Sunt autem vel Vegetabi∣lia, vel Mineralia, vel Animalia.

I. De Vegetabilibus.

IV. Vegetabilia sunt, quae ex Herbis, Fruticibus, Arboribusque sumuntur; eaque vel à totis, vel ex partibus suis, ut Radicibus, Corticibus, Lignis, Foliis, Flori∣bus, Fructibus, Succis, Humoribus, & Cineribus.

V. Si Radices spectemus, Prae∣cipuae quae in Pharmacopoeia nostra utuntur, sunt, Allii, Aristolochiae rotundae, Ceparum, Elecampanae, Glycyrrhizae, Iridis, Jalapae, Me∣choacannae, Scillae, Serpentariae, Rhabarbari, Sarsaparillae, Zedoa∣riae, Zinziberis.

VI. Si Cortices, praecipuae sunt, Cinnamomum, Guajaci, Peruanus, Winteranus, Macies.

VII. Si Ligna, eminentissima sunt, Guajaci, Nephriticum.

VIII. Si Folia, Asarum, El∣leboraster, Nicotiana, Sena Ale∣xandrina.

IX. Si Flores, Crocus Angli∣canus.

X. Si Fructus & Semina, Al∣kakengi baccae, Cardamoma, Ca∣ryophilli, Granadillae, Hyosciami, Nuces Moschatae, Piper album & longum, Sinapi.

XI. Si Succi, Acetum, Kermes, Vinum.

XII. Si Humores, isti sunt, vel Olea, vel Succi inspissati, vel Gummata, vel Resinae.

XIII. Olea sunt praecipua, Olivarum, Amygdalarum, de Ben.

XIV. Succi inspissata sunt, Acacia, Aloe, Ammoniacum, Cam∣bogia, Euphorbium, Elaterium, Galbanum, Glycyrryhizae, Mannae, Opoponax, Opium, Saccharum, Sa∣gapenum, Scammonium, Cremor Tartari.

XV. Gummata sunt, Arabi∣cum, Asa foetida, Cancamum, San∣guis Draconis, Sarcocolla, Traga∣canthum.

XVI. Resinae vel sunt humidae vel siccae; humidae sunt, Ambra liquidum, Balsamum Chilianum, Copaybae, Peruanum, Tolutanum, Pisselaeon, Styrax, Terebinthina Laricea seu Venetia, Argentora∣tensis seu Abietum, Cypria, vel è Chio, ex Terebintho.

XVII. Resinae siccae sunt, Ben∣zoinum, Camphora, Elemi, Ma∣stiche, Myrrha, Olibanum, Pix Navalis, Resina seu Colophonia, Tacamahacca, Thus.

XVIII. Si Cineres spectemus, praecipuae sunt Clavellati, Tar∣tari.

II. De Mineralibus.

XIX. Mineralia seu Fossilia, sunt Medicamenta ex terrae Vi∣sceribus deprompta; sub iisque con∣tinentur, 1. Terrae. 2. Succi con∣creti, seu Salia. 3. Bitumina, seu Sulphura. 4. Lapides. 5. Mi∣neralia, seu Semimetalla. 6. Metallg.

XX. Terrae, quae aqua infusa solvuntur, ut sunt, 1. Bolus Ar∣menus, seu Orientalis. 2. Creta, quae in Anorexia & Cardialgia utilis. 3. Terra Lemnia, ruffi coloris & pinguissima, ut in ore

contenta ex sevo constare vide∣atur. 4. Terra sigillata, seu illa candida, seu purpurascens, pinguis, & cum tangitur frigida: lis addatur, 5. Catechu, seu Terra Japanica.

XXI. Succi concreta seu Salia, sunt, 1. Alumen rupeum. 2. Nitrum. 3. Sal Gem. 4. Vi∣triolum album. 5. Vitriolum viride. 6. Vitriolum Hungari∣cum. 7. Vitriolum Romanum. Vitriolum autem nihil aliud est quam Salsuginis Sulphureae Cupe∣ratae, Ferrataeve coagulum: Iis addatur. 8. Borax, seu Chryso colla.

XXII. Bitumina seu Sulphura, sunt, 1. Ambra, seu Ambarum griseum vulgo dictum, optimum est cinerei coloris, odoratissimum, quod ncu perfossum multum succi pinguis refudat. 2. Naphtha, bituminis Babylonii colamen. 3. Petroleum. 4. Succinum, Am∣bra citrina, electrum, carabe, quod in maris littore invenitur. 5. Sulphur, quod si nativum, de∣bet esse colore extus subcinericio, intus luteo: si factitium, debet esse praepingue & virescens. 6. Terroleum, quasi oleum è terra: Iis addatur, 7. Gagates, niger, crustosus, & Bituminis ferax, qui igni admotus flagrat, odoremque Bituminis exhibet, sic à Carbone fossili distinguitur. 8. Flores Sul∣phuris.

XXIII. Lapides sunt, 1. Ae∣tites, qui ab Aquila in nidum de∣fertur. 2. Haematites, virescens, variegatus, guttis cruentis con∣spersus.

3. Hibernicus. 4. Ju∣daicus, subrotundus, striis secun∣dum longitudinem aequidistantibus, & discurrentibus, ac si torno fa∣ctae essent. 5. Magnes, seu He∣raclius, eo melior, quo magis cae∣ruleus & ponderosus. 6. Nephri∣ticus, opacus, variegatus, ex co∣lore viridi aliisque permistus, su∣perficies ipsius semper pinguis ap∣paret. 7. Osteocolla, dicitur Holosteus, qui Ossis figuram aemu∣latur.

XXIV. Mineralia, seu semi∣metalla, sunt vel nativa, vel fa∣ctitia.

XXV. Nativa sunt, 1. Anti∣monium. 2. Argentum vivum, Hydrargyrum, seu Mercurius. 3. Cinnabaris.

XXVI. Factitia sunt, 1. Ae∣rugo, flos aeris. 2. Aes ustum. 3. Cerussa, quae ex plumbo bene∣ficio aceti educitur. 4. Cinna∣baris, quod ex Mercurio vivo & sulphure sublimetur. 5. Lithar∣gyrum. 6. Pompholyx, Spo∣dium, Tutia; optima est candida, & laevis, Cypriaque laudatissima. 7. Stibium, seu vitrum Anti∣monii. 8. Sublimatus corrosivus, qui ex Argento vivo & Sale cum Calcantho sublimatur.

XXVII. Metalla quae prae∣cipua utuntur, funt, 1. Argen∣tum. 2. Ferrum, seu Mars, vel Chalybs. 3. Plumbum, seu Sa∣turnus. 4. Stannum, seu Jupi∣ter; ex quibus, 1. Calx, seu Vi∣triolum Lunae. 2. Plumbum ustum. 3. Minium. 4. Amalgama Stanni, cum Mercurio, oriuntur.

III. De Animalibus.

XXVII. Medicamenta Ani∣malia sunt, quae vel ab Anima∣libus totis, vel ipsarum partibus desumuntur, in quintuplici diffe∣rentia considerata; ex, 1. Avibus. 2. Quadrupedibus. 3. Piscibus. 4. Serpentibus. 5. Insectis.

XXIX. Ex Avibus, ut, Fel Corvi, Gallinae, Milvi, Picae.

XXX. Ex Quadrupedibus; Bufo tota, Bezoar, Castoreum, Cornua, Fel Bovis, Moschus, Sal Ammoniacum, Sanguis, Sperma Ceti.

XXXI. Ex Piscibus; Fel An∣guillarum, Ichthyocolla, Marga∣rita, seu Perlae, Oculi Cancrorum, testae Ostreae.

XXXII. Ex Serpentibus; Caro Viperarum.

XXXIII. Ex Insectis; Can∣tharides, Cera, Cochinella, Ker∣mes succus, Mel Anglicanum, Mil∣lepedes.

IV. Quae sunt ex his excerpenda, ad Cistam.

XXXIV. Ex Vegetabilibus haec desumuntur, 1. Aloe Suc∣cotrina. 2. Ammoniacum Gummi. 3. Balsamum Copaybae. 4. Bal∣samum de Chili. 5. Balsamum de Tolu. 6. Cambogia. 7. Cam∣phora. 8. Caryophylli. 9. Cineres Clavellati. 10. Cortex Guajaci. 11. Cortex Peruanus. 12. Cre∣mor Tartari. 13. Crocus. 14. Elemi Gummi. 15. Guajaci Gum∣mi. 16. Glycyrrhizaeradix. 17. Glycyrrhizae pulvis. 18. Grana∣dillae.

19. Jallapae pulvis. 20. Lignum Guajaci. 21. Lignum Ne∣phriticum. 22. Mastiche. 23. Mechoacanna. 24. Myrrha. 25. Nuces Moschatae. 26. Oleum de Ben. 27. Olibanum. 28. Opi∣um. 29. Piper. 30. Resina. 31. Radix Serpentariae. 32. Rha∣barbarum. 33. Scammonium. 34. Sena. 35. Terebinthina. 36. Thus.

XXXV. Ex Mineralibus, haec eliguntur, 1. Aerugo. 2. Alu∣men rupeum. 3. Antimonium. 4. Argentum vivum. 5. Bolus Ar∣menus. 6. Catechu. 7. Cerussa. 8. Chalybs. 9. Cinnabar. 10. Creta. 11. Flores Sulphuris. 12. Nitrum. 13. Petroleum. 14. Tutia. 15. Stibium. 16. Sub∣limatus corrosivus. 17. Succinum. 18. Terra sigillata. 19. Vitrio∣lum album. 20. Vitriolum Ro∣manum.

XXXVI. Ex Animalibus, haec excerpuntur, 1. Bufo. 2. Can∣tharides. 3. Cera. 4. Cochi∣nella. 5. Cornua. 6. Fel Bovis. 7. Mel. 8. Moschus. 9. Oculi Cancrorum 10. Sal Ammoniacum. 11. Sanguis desiccatus. 12. Zi∣bethum.

Horum Praeparationes varias Me∣dicamentorum, virtutes & usus, vide in Seplasio nostro, quo plenè elucidantur.

CHAP. LVI. Of Simples.

I. MEdicines are either Sim∣ple, or Compound.

III. We call those Simple, that are in the Condition in which Nature has produced them, and which receive no Composition by Art, but go into the Composition of such as are Artificial, or made by Art.

III. And these are either Ve∣getables, Minerals, or Animals.

I. Of Vegetables.

IV. Vegetable Medicaments, are such as are taken from Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees; and that ei∣ther from whole Plants, or from their Parts, as Roots, Woods, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, Juices, and Gums.

V. If we consider their Roots, these are the chief, which are used in our Dispensatory; Gar∣lick, round Birthwort, Onions, Elecampane, Liquorice, Orice, Jallap, Mechoacan, Squills, Snake∣root, Rhubarb, Sarsaparilla, Ze∣doary, Ginger.

VI. If their Barks, the chief are Cinnamon, Guajacum, Je∣suits-bark, Winters Cinnamon, Mace.

VII. If Woods, the most noted are Guajacum, and the Nephri∣tick Wood.

VIII. If Leaves or Herbs, Asa∣rabacca, Bears-foot, Tobacco, Alexandrian Sena.

IX. If Flowers, English Saf∣fron.

X. If Fruits and Seeds, Win∣ter-Cherries, Cardamoms, Cloves, Granadillas, Henbane-seed, Nut∣megs, Pepper white and long, Mustard-seed.

XI. If Juices, Vinegar, Kermes, Wine.

XII. If their Humours, or other Humidities, these are either Oils, or thickned Juices, or Gums, or Rosins.

XIII. The chief Oils are, of O∣lives, of Almonds, and Oil of the Nut Ben.

XIV. Inspissate Juices are, A∣cacia, Aloes, Ammoniacum, Cam∣bogia, Euphorbium, Elaterium, Galbanum, Liquorice, Manna, Opoponax, Opium, Saccharum, Sagapenum, Scammony, Cream of Tartar.

XV. The Gums are, Arabick, Asa foetida, Cancamum, Sugar, Dragons Blood, Sarcocol, Tra∣gacanth.

XVI. The Rosins are either soft or hard: the soft are liquid Amber, Balsams of Chili, Ca∣pivi, of Peru and Tolu, Tar, li∣quid Storax, Turpentines, Ve∣nice, from the Larch Tree, Stras∣burgh from the Fir-tree, and Cyprus, or Chio, from the Tur∣pentine-tree.

XVII. The dry or hard Rosins are, Benjamin, Camphir, Elemi, Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, Pitch, Rosin or Colophony, Ta∣camahacca, and Frankincense.

XVIII. If we consider their Ashes, the chief are, Pot-ashes, and calcin'd Tartar.

II. Of Minerals.

XIX. Mineral Medicaments are such as are taken from the Bowels of the Earth; and under them are contained, 1. Earths. 2. Thickned Juices, or Salts. 3. Bitumens, or Sulphurs. 4. Stones. 5. Minerals, or half-Metals. 6. Metals.

XX. Earths, which being in∣fused in Water, are dissolved, as are, 1. Fine Bole. 2. Chalk, which is profitable against want of Appetite, and pain at Sto∣mach. 3. Earth of Lemnos, of a sad red colour, and fat, so that

if it be held in the Mouth, it seems to be made of Suet. 4. Sealed Earth, either the white, or that inclining to purple, be∣ing fat and cold to feel to. To these may be added, 5. Catechu, or Japanian Earth.

XXI. Concreted Juices or Salts, are, 1. Roch Alum. 2. Nitre. 3. Sal Gem. 4. White Vitriol. 5. Green Vitriol. 6. Hungarian Vitriol. 7. Roman Vitriol. Now Vitriol is nothing else but a sulphureous Saltness of Iron, or Copper coa∣gulated. To these may be ad∣ded, 8. Borax, or Chrysocol.

XXII. Bitumens, or Sulphurs, are, 1. Ambergrise, the best of which is of an Ash-colour, and most fragrant, which being prickt with a Needle, sweats out much fat moisture. 2. Naphtha, the straining of the Babylonian Bitu∣men. 3. Oil of Peter, or Rock-Oil. 4. Amber, which is yellow, and found upon the Sea Shore. 5. Sulphur, which if it be native, it ought to be outwardly of a light ash-cour; inwardly, of a yellow colour; if it be factitious, it ought to be fat and greenish. 6. Terroleum, or Oil of the Earth. To these may be added, 7. Jeat, which is black, hard on the out∣side, and full of Bitumen, and if set on Fire, it flames, and smells like Bitumen, by which it is distinguished from Pit Coals. 8. Flowers of Sulphur.

XXIII. Stones are, 1. The Eagle Stone, which is said to be taken from an Eagles Nest. 2. The Blood Stone, which is green∣ish, party coloured, and sprinkled

over with bloody Spots. 3. Irish Slate. 4. Jews Stone, which is roundish, with equidistant streaks all along, as if turned so by Art. 5. The Load-Stone, which is so much the better, by how much it is more blew, or Sky-colour∣ed and heavy. 6. Nephritick-Stone, which is dark, party co∣loured, of a mixture of green and other Colours, its Surface seeming always fat. 7. The Bone∣glewer, called also Holosteus, which much resembles the shape of a Bone.

XXIV. Minerals, or Semi∣metals, are either Native, or Factitious.

XXV. The Native are, 1. An∣timony. 2. Quicksilver, or Mercury. 3. Cinnabar.

XXVI. The Factitious are, 1. Verdigrise. 2. Burnt Brass, or Copper. 3. Ceruse, which is made of Lead, by the help or means of Vinegar. 4. Cinnabar, made of Mercury and Sulphur sublimed together. 5. Litharge. 6. Pom∣pholyx, which is Spodium, or Tutia, the best of which is white and light, and the choicest is that which comes from Cyprus. 7. Stibium, or Glass of Antimony. 8. Corrosive Sublimate, which is made by Sublimation, from Salt and Vitriol.

XXVII. Metals which are chiefly used, are, 1. Silver. 2. Iron, or Mars (the Filings.) 3. Lead. 4. Tin. From whence comes, 1. The Calx, or Vitriol of Luna. 2. Burnt Lead. 3. Red Lead. 4. An Amalgaina, made of Tin and Mercury.

III. Of Animals.

XXVIII. Animal Medicaments are, such as are taken either from the whole living Creature, or from some of its Parts; con∣sidered in a five-fold Difference; as from, 1. Birds. 2. Beasts. 3. Fishes. 4. Serpents. 5. Insects.

XXIX. From Birds, as the Gall of a Raven, Hen, Kite, Mag-Pye.

XXX. From Beasts; the whole Toad, Bezoar-stone, Ca∣storeum, Horns, Ox Gall, Musk, Sal Armoniack, Blood, Sperma Ceti.

XXXI. From Fishes; the Galls of Eels, Ising-glass, Pearls, Crabs Eyes, Oyster-shells.

XXXII. From Serpents; the Flesh of Vipers.

XXXIII. From Insects; Can∣tharides, Wax, Cochinele, Juice of Kermes, English Honey, Hog∣lice.

IV. What those Simples are, which are to be chosen from all the for∣mer, for the use of the Chest.

XXXIV. From the Vegetable Kingdom we have these, 1. Fine Aloes. 2. Gum Ammoniacum. 3. Balsam Capivi. 4. Balsam de Chili. 5. Balsam de Tolu. 6. Cambogia. 7. Camphir. 8. Cloves. 9. Pot-ashes. 10. Gua∣jacum-bark. 11. Jesuits-bark. 12. Cream of Tartar. 13. Saf∣fron. 14. Gum Elemi. 15. Gum Guajaci. 16. Liquorice. 17. Liquorice Root in Pouder. 18. Granadillas. 19. Jallap in

Pouder. 20. Guajacum in Chips, or Raspings. 21. Nephritick Wood. 22. Mastick. 23. Me∣choacan. 24. Myrrh. 25. Nut∣megs. 26. Oil of Ben. 27. Olibanum. 28. Opium. 29. Pepper. 30. Rosin. 31. Snake Root. 32. Rhubarb. 33. Scam∣mony. 34. Sena. 35. Turpen∣tine. 36. Frankincense.

XXXV. From the Mineral Kingdom, these are chosen, 1. Ver∣digrise. 2. Roch Alum. 3. An∣timony. 4. Quicksilver. 5. Fine Bole. 6. Japan Earth. 7. Ce∣ruse, or white Lead. 8. Filings of Steel. 9. Cinnabar. 10. Chalk. 11. Flowers of Sulphur. 12. Salt Petre. 13. Oil of Petre. 14. Spodium, or Tutia. 15. Sti∣bium. 16. Corrosive Sublimate. 17. Amber. 18. Sealed Earth. 19. White Vitriol. 20. Roman Vitriol.

XXXVI. From the Animal Kingdom, these are taken, 1. The Toad. 2. Spanish Flies. 3. Wax. 4. Cochinele. 5. Horns. 6. Ox Gall. 7. Honey. 8. Musk. 9. Crabs Eyes. 10. Sal Armoni∣ack. 11. Blood dried. 12. Ci∣vet.

The Various Preparations, Vir∣tues, and Uses of all these Me∣dicaments, you may see in our Seplasium, or Drugists Shop opened, wherein every thing is explained at Large.

CHAP. LVII. De AQƲIS.

I. Aqua Elementaria.

REcipe Aquae fontanae libras octo, Salis Nitri drachmas quatuor, misce, dissolvatur, fil∣tratur, reponaturque ad usum.

In febribus ardentibus Medica∣mentosa est, sitim extinguit, & valde praevalebit ad omnes mor∣bos calidos. Praecipuè usitata pro Vehiculo in affectibus praedictis & similibus. Dosis per se (saccharo albo dulcificata) unciae quatuor, vel sex plus minus. Calculum in renibus & vesica comminuit, Ʋrinam potenter movet, & aliis gravissunis affectibus succurit.

II. Aqua Antifebritica.

℞ Aquae fontanae libras duas, Olei Sulphuris drachmas duas, vel guttas quadraginta, & ut Oleum optime cum Aqua per∣miseeatur, saepiuscule transva∣sentur: Ubi vero non fuerit sufficienter facta acida, plus Ole∣um Sulphuris addendum, simi∣literque ut supra procedendum.

Haec aqua dicto modo correcta, utilis est in febribus, non tamen, ut aqua simplex, noxia ventriculo & hepati, spiritus enim Sulphuris haec membra corroborat ac confor∣tat. Aqua vere Febrifuga est, animales Spiritus recreat, & summopere refrigerat. Exhibetur ad praecavendam & curandam Pestem, ad Tertianam, & febrem continuam; ad Renum calculos,

& dolores Colicos potens est reme∣dium. Sanguinem attenuat, Po∣dagrae dolores mitigat, doloresque Capitis. Stomachum mirum in modum confortat; atque Psoram & scabiem persanat. Dosis ab Ʋnciis duabus, ad quatuor per se, vel cum aliquo Medicamento appropriato.

III. Aqua Vitrioli.

℞ Vitrioli Hungarici, vel ex ferro facti, quantum vis: Eo am∣pullam vitream ad medietatem imple. Deinde cum suo capello & recipiente per Balneum Mariae distilla ad quartum balnei gra∣dum, id est, in aqua tamdiu bul∣liente, dum omnis Humiditas, distillationi apta, profluxerit. Exemptum in vase vitreo opti∣me obturato ad usum serva.

Vehiculum praecipuè est, sed valet adversus ardentes Capitis dolores sumptum, pro re nata, duabus drachmis continuatum ali∣quot dies Stomacho jejuno; adu∣stionem sanguinis mitigat, omnia item Viscera corroborat, Cerebrum calore & siccitate debilitatum confirmat; humidum etiam radi∣cale restaurat.

IV. Aqua Calcis vivi.

℞ Aquae fontanae libras octo, Calcis vivi libram unam, misce, digerantur ad Aquae defaecatio∣nem usque, fiitretur, serveturque ad usum.

Calefacit & siccat manifestis∣sime: Dosis ab unciis duabus ad quntuor in omnibus frigidis & hu∣midis Affectibus. Externe Ʋlcera vetera sanat, si Linteum i••hbutum

superimponatur; & valde convenit Ʋlceribus Pudendorum, & aliis aliarum partium Phagedenicis ca∣daverosis, & curatu difficillimis; pluries enim lota, mordacitatem omnem exuit, & acris esse desinit: proinde Ʋlceribus confert exsiccan∣dis, & ad cicatricem perducendis.

V. Aqua Stomachica.

℞ Aquae Menthae in Balneo Mariae distillatae libras quatuor, Salis Menthae, vel in loco ejus∣dem, Salis Absinthii, drachmas duas; misce: dissolvatur, filtra∣tur, & reponatur ad usum.

Medicamentum Stomachicum est, unciarum tres vel quatuor pondere, vel per se, vel pari cujusvis Aquae Cor∣dialis quantitate potum. Valet con∣tra omnia Venena, Partes Vitales exhilerat, & Cor recreat.

VI. Aqua Tartarisata.

℞ Aquae Rosarum Damasce∣narum, vel in loco ejusdem, Aquae fontanae libras sex, Salis Tartari drachmas tres; misce: dissolvatur, & filtratur, ut supra.

Nephritica est, & deobstructiva, purgatque per Ʋrinam. Ʋtilissima est ad dissecandos, & incidendos Humores crassos & tartareos in Visceribus Nutritioni dicatis: San∣guinem purificat, praetereaque Diu∣reticum est efficacissimum, adeoque specificum Hydropicum; omnes quippe aquosas humiditates & flatus, omnemque tartaream & viscosam materiam, unde Calculus Vesicae ac Renum procreatur, per Ʋrinam po∣tenter expellens. Dosis per se, ab unciis duabus ad quatuor; cum aliis utitur pro Vehiculo, idque multis in Morbis.

CHAP. LVII. Of WATERS.

I. Elementary Water.

TAke Spring, or Fountain Water lbviij. Salt Petre ʒ iv. mix, dissolve, filter, and keep it for use.

It is good against Burning Fe∣vers, quenches Thirst, and mightily prevails against all hot Diseases. It is chiefly used for a Vehicle, in the aforenamed affects, and others of like kind. The Dose alone (being sweetned with white Sugar) is ℥iv. or vj. more or less. It is good against the Stone in the Reins and Blad∣der, powerfully provokes Urine, and Cures other grievous Dis∣eases.

2. Water against Fevers.

℞ Fountain Water lbij. Oil of Sulphur forty drops, or ʒij. which shake well together, that the Oil may be well mixed with the Water: If this quantity of the Oil makes it not acid enough, you may add more, shaking them toge∣ther, as before-directed.

This Water thus corrected, is prositable against Fevers, and is not hurtful to the Stomach and Liver, as is simple Water, because the Spirit of Sulphur strengthens and comforts those Parts. It is a true Febrifuge, chears the ani∣mal Spirits, and cools admira∣bly. It is given both to prevent and cure the Plague, as also a∣gainst Tertian and Continual

Fevers. It is a powerful Reme∣dy against the Stone in the Reins, and Colick Pains. It attenuates the Blood, eases the Pain of the Gout and Head-ach. It wonder∣fully comforts the Stomach, and cures Scabs and other breakings-out. Dose ab ℥ij. ad iv. either by it self, or with some other appropriate Medicaments.

3. Water of Vitriol.

℞ Hungarian Vitriol, or Vi∣triol of Iron, as much as you please; put it into a glass Body, so big, as it may be half full; cover it with its Head, and fit to it a Receiver, and then distil in Balneo Mariae, with the fourth degree of heat, that is, in a Water continually boiling; which continue till all the humidity is distilled forth. This Water take and put into a Glass Vessel, which stop close, and keep it for use.

It is chiefly used as a Vehiculum, but being taken as the Disease requires, it prevails against ve∣hement Pains of the Head; ʒij. being given at a time in a Morn∣ing fasting, and continued for some days. It takes away the adustion, or heat of the Blood, strengthens all the Bowels, and comforts a Brain weakned with heat and driness. It also restores the radical Moisture.

4. Water of Quicklime.

℞ Fountain Water lbviij. Quicklime one pound, mix them, and digest till the Water is clear; then filter, and keep it for use.

It evidently heats and drys: the Dose is from ℥ ij. to ℥iv. in all cold and moist Diseases. Out∣wardly, it heals old Ulcers, if a a Linen cloth be dipt therein,

and put upon them; it is of great use in curing Ulcers in the Privy Parts, and in Eating-Ulcers of other parts, or such as are tending to a mortification, or are of difficult cure; for being often washed therewith, it puts a stop to the eating, and de∣stroys the acrid humor: and last∣ly, it drys them, and heals them.

5. Stomach Water.

℞ Mint-water, made by distil∣lation in Balneo Mariae lbiv. Salt of Mint, or in place thereof, Salt of Wormwood ʒ ij. mix; dissolve, filter, and keep it for use.

It is a Stomach Water, and may be drunk from ℥ ij. to ℥ iv. either by it self, or mixt with a like quantity of any Cordial Wa∣ter. It is good against all sorts of Poison, revives the Vital Spirits, and chears the Heart.

6. A Tartarized Water.

℞ Damask-rose-water, or in place thereof, Fountain-water lbvj. Salt of Tartar ʒiij. mix: dissolve, and filter, as aforesaid.

It opens Obstructions, and is Nephritick, purging by Urine. It is good to cut and dissolve thick and tartarous Humors in those Bowels which conserve the Nu∣tritive Faculty: it cleanses the Blood, and is withal a most effica∣cious Diuretick, being indeed a Specifick against the Dropsy; for it potently expels Wind, and all watery humors; as also all sorts of tartareous and viscous matter, of which the Stone is bred, whe∣ther in the Reins or Bladder, and that by Urine. Dose by it self, is from ℥ ij. to ℥ iv. but it is used with other things as a Vehicle, and that in many Diseases.

CHAP. LVIII. De TINCTƲRIS.

I. Tinctura Cordialis.

REcipe Piperis longi, Zinzibe∣ris, Corticis Winterani, a. drachm. unam, Caryophyllorum, Nucis Moschatae, Corticis Limo∣num Cinamomi, ana drachmas duas; Croci Anglicani, Cochinellae, ana drachmas tres, Spiritus Vini rectificati libras tres, Olei Sulphu∣ris drachmis duabus impraegnati, optime contusa; misce: digeran∣tur per mensem, & postea fil∣trentur, & Tinctura cum Essentia extracta ad usum reservetur.

Ʋtilis est in Syncope, Cordis pal∣pitatione; consumit Pituita in Ven∣triculo & Intestinis: Cerebrum & omnes ejus functiones mirè corro∣borat, Catarrhos discutit, praeser∣vat ab Apoplexia, Epilepsia, & Lethargo: Stomachi nauseam & debilitates submovet; insuper in Colica & Suffocatione Matricis, non est remedium ei simile. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas, in debito Vehiculo.

II. Tinctura Mirabilis.

℞ Catechu uncias sex, Corticis Peruani uncias quatuor, Seminum Hyosciami uncias duas, Spiritus vini communis uncas viginti: mi∣sce; digerantur per septimaniam, filtr••tur, & reservetur ad usum.

Ad Renum & Vesicae Ʋlcera valet; Sanguinem undicunque ma∣nantem & Sputa cruenta cobibet,

generis{que} varii Haemorrhagias sistit: Faeminarum Menstruam Purgatio∣nem immoderatius fluentem mora∣tur; Diabetae, Ʋrinae incontinen∣tiae, Cruento item Lotio medetur, ac Dysenterias, Diarrhoe as, & Alvi profluvia compescit; Viscerum lan∣guores, Ventriculi, Hepatis, & Cordis imbecillitates removet. Dosis cochlearia duo, plus-minus, manè ac vesperi, continuando ad sex septemve dies.

III. Tinctura Opii.

℞ Opii Thebaici uncias octo, Croci, Cochinollae, ana ℥ j. Caryophyllorum, Macis, Nucis moschatae, Cinamomi, Radicis Serpentariae, ana unciam semis: Succi Limonum, Spiritus Vini re∣ctificati, ana libras duas & semis: misce, & digerentur ad Medi∣caminum subsidentiam usque: filtra, & exhala ad dimidiam. Vel sic, ab Angelo Sala; ℞ Opii Thebaici exiccati unciam unam; Croci Orientalis, Macis, ana unciam semis; Ambrae griseae drachmam unam, Spiritus Vi∣trioli uncias quatuor, Aquae Ro∣sarum Damafcenarum uncias sex: infundantur omnia in vase vi∣treo, & digerantur per mensem: deinde facta colatura, abstracta∣que Aqua Rosarum, servetur ad usum.

Remedium est probatissimum, tutissimum{que} in omnibus Doboribus, seu Veneriis seu aliis; sistitque omnem Haemorrhagiam, & Ʋteri & Ventris fluxum. Egregiè Su∣dorem movet; Sanguinem enim in universo corpore mundisicat, pri∣stinum Sanitatis vigorem resti∣tuit: Prodest & in Hydrope, Con∣vulsionibus,

Calculo, & Suffoca∣tione Matricis: in sistendis om∣nibus Humorum & Catarrhorum profluviis, & Menstruorum excre∣tionibus; in Vigiliis, & in omnibus Febrium generibus, Viriumque re∣solutionibus; in Phrenesi, Mania, Melancholia, Vomitu, Epilepsia, Cardiaca, Colica, Ventriculo de∣bilitato, Pleuresi, Arthritide, Gonagra, Podagra, Ischiasi, Li∣thiasi, & Nephritide, Medica∣mentum est stupendum: quia in sedandis omnibus vehementissimis & acutissimis doloribus, divinum est auxilium, & quasi ultimum Asylum. Dosis, à guttis sedecim ad viginti vel triginta, plus∣minus; quae Vesperi circa intro∣itum lecti sumuntur.

IV. Tinctura Purgans.

℞ Senae uncias octo, Jalapii uncias duas, Seminum Anisi, Ca∣rui, Coriandri, Radicis Gly∣cyrrhizae, ana unciam unam, Aqua Vitae libras sex: misce; & digerantur in loco frigido per septimanas duas, colaturque Tinctura.

Purgat Bilem utramque, & Pituitam salsam, sine molestia; propterea Morbis ab iisdem natis confert: Cancro, Elephantiasi, Ma∣niae, Melancholiae, Rheumatismo, Arthritidi, Strumae, Impetigini, Psorae, Scabiei, & similibus Affectibus Cutis. Melancholiae edu∣cendae mirificè prodest, & ad omnes Affectus è mixtâ cum Bile Pituitâ provenientes efficax est. Mirum in modum convenit Lie∣nosis, Melancholicis, Hypochon∣driacis, Maniacis, Epilepticis, Febre delirantibus, Passionibus Hystericis, & Lue inveterata laborantibus. Alvum potenter sub∣ducit,

Obstructiones tollit, crassos Humores, lentos & viscidos in∣cidendo & attenuando removet. Dosis, à cochleariis duabus ad sex septemve, plus-minus; Sto∣macho jejuno.

V. Tinctura Exfolians, seu Euphorbii.

℞ Euphorbii unciam unam, Myrrhae drachmas duas, Spiritus Vini uncias sex; misce, digeran∣tur per septimanam, & ad usum filtretur Tinctura.

Nunquam datur per Os, neque per se, nec cum aliis, nisi raro, & parva quantitate. Externè utitur, maximè autem in Ossibus cariosis, quae exfoliari sunt. Quod si Man∣dibula aliquo in loco (dixit Hil∣danus) extra Os denudata fue∣rit, applicurem Pulverem Euphor∣bii, quod mirandas habet proprie∣tates; sua enim caliditate hu∣mores in Osse non solum exsiccat, sed & occulta quadam facultate hic convenire videtur; quapro∣pter non immeritò à Dioscoride & Recentioribus Medicis, Os∣sibus cariosis adhibetur: nec est quod ipsius acrimoniam timeas, etiamsi enim Linguam & Nares mordicet, Ʋlceribus tamen, quan∣tumsis copiose inspersum, nuilum dolorem aut inflammationem ex∣citat: — ego expertus loquor. Si haecce Gummi indissoluti sunt vires, quot sunt Tincturae pote∣states?

VI. Tinctura Absinthii.

℞ Foliorum Absinthii vulga∣ris siccati uncias quatuor, Salis Tartari unciam unam, conjun∣ctim moluntur in Mortario calido; adde Spiritus Vini re∣ctificati uncias sedecim, digere ad dies septem, exprime forti∣ter; in liquore infunde iterum Absinthii & Salis Tartari quan∣titates easdem: exprime, & repetetur opus ad tertiam vi∣cem; exprime iterum, & filtra colaturam.

Magna Stomachica est, Coctio∣nem juvat, & Alvi Lumbricos intern•• sumpta enecat, Obstructio∣nes tollit, Menses ducit, Foetum & Secundas excludit, à Putre∣dine conservat, Venenis resistit, Pesti curandae convenit, & Morbis contagiosis pluribus. Dosis, à gut∣tis sex ad sexdecim, plus-minus, in haustu Vini, vel Cerevisiae.

VII. Tinctura Antimo••ii, Purgans.

℞ Vitri Antimonii pulverizati unciam unam, Spiritus Vitrioli non rectificati uncias octo; di∣gereque in Balneo Mariae.

Obstructiones aperit, Sanguinem clarificat, & omnes Assectus quos generant Obstructiones certissime curat; Vermes Infantium enecat; Chlorosi, Cachexiae, Scrophulae, & Scorbuto convenit; omnibusque in Morbis Panchymagogum censetur. Dosis, à guttis sex ad duode∣cim.

VIII. Tinctura Cathartica.

℞ Senae optimae uncias tres, Jalapii pulverizati unciam unam, Caryophyllorum, Croci, ana drachmam unam, Vini Chaly∣beati

libras duas; infunde ad septem dies, exprime, ac filtra.

Omnes Affectus Cerebri & Ʋteri tutissime & certissime sanat: Illusiones Melancholicas, & Phan∣tasmata omnia, & Somnia Me∣lancholica dissipat & avertit; Hemitritaeum, & reliquas Febres obstinates & intermittentes curat; quia Humores putrentes in Cor∣pore, & praecipuè Bilem & Me∣lancholiam, educit; Fluxus omnes Ventris, Dysenterias, Lienterias, & Diarrhoeas, cum Hepatico fluxu, prohibet; propter Salem, & Sulphur Ferri. Egregiè praestat in omnibus Obstructionibus Hepatis & Lienis, Mensibus retentis, &c. Dosis, cochlearia duo, tria, vel quatuor, quotidie, ad longum tempus.

IX. Tinctura Martis.

℞ Frustulorum seu Clavulo∣rum Ferri libras quinque, Vini Albi libras octo, Spiritus Vini li∣bras duas, Olei Sulphuris unciam unam; misce: digerantur loco frigido per menses sex, plus∣minus: & ut Sal & Sulphur Mar∣tis optime in Vinum exhalatur, saepiuscule Vas agitetur; deinde decanta, & filtra ad usum.

Haec Tinctura Martialis varios Humores Alvum subducendo cor∣ruptos educit, specialiter Flavam & Atram Bilem, Humores ter∣restres, ponderosos, & tenaces, aliis Medicamentis haud facile ejectos aut extirpatos. In Obstru∣ctione Hepatis, Splenis, & Ma∣tricis singulare est Remedium; Morbum Regium, Cardialgiam, Cordis tremorem, Colicam, Iliacam passionom, & Rachitidem adjuvat: in Melancholia Hypochondriaca,

Quartana, Cachexia, Hydrope, Scorbuto, Mensibus superfluis & retentis, Morbo Virgineo, &c. utile experimentum est. Dosis, cochlearia duo vel tria, plus-minus, in debito Vehiculo, hora somni; ut vires ejusdem eo melius penetrare possunt etiam ad remotas Corporis par∣tes.

X. Tinctura Sacra, seu Amara.

℞ Aloes Succotrinae uncias duas, Caryophyllorum, Nucis moschatae, Radicis Serpentariae, Croci Anglicani, Seminum Aniss, ana drachmam unam, Vini Che∣riensis libras duas & semis; misce, & digere saepe agitando ad se∣pte••n dies; deinde filtra ad usum.

Omnes Obstructiones Jecinoris & Lienis aperit, Hydropicis prodest, Pi••uitam, utramque Bilem, & Aquam evacuat, caeterosque Humo∣res peccantes educit, Sanguinem puriorem reddi••; nibil ctiam mali in Corpore Humano relinquit, sed omnem noxam per Alvum & Ʋri∣nam expeilit; Ventriculum roborat; multisque aliis bisce similibus Morbis adversatur: in Ventriculi dolore, Cachexia, Ructu, Vermibus necand••s, &c. datur: ante Paro∣xysmum Tertianae, nec non Quar∣tanae exhibita, saepe curat, post terria vice. Dosis, ab uncia una ad uncias duis, jejuno Stomacho. Ad Sanitatis praeservationem sumi∣tur ejus cochlear dimidium, aut integrum, quoquo mane, in Vino

albo, tempore Verno, ad octo vel decem dies.

XI. Tinctura seu Elixir Proprietatis.

℞ Aloes Succotrinae, Myrrhae pulverizatae, Croci Anglicani, ana unciam unam; Spiritus Universa∣lis uncias duodecim; misce, di∣gereque ad dies septem, deinde filtratur ad usum.

Stomachum ac Intestina maximè confortat, & Appetitum excitat, Cerebrum & omnes ejus functiones foeliciter corroborat: usus est pro∣ficui in Morbis malignis, Hypochon∣driacis, & Ʋterinis; ab Epilepsia & Apoplexia praeservat; in va∣riis Febrium generibus summae utilitatis est; & nobilissimum Medicamentum ad plurimos Mor∣bos, ad omnes Obstructiones Visce∣rum reservandos; Pleuritidem, Vertiginem, & Cephalalgiam egregia est Aperiens; undè in Men∣struis retinentis, Paralysi, Ictere, & Hydrope mira praestat. Dosis à drachma una ad quatuor, plus∣minus, pro re nara.

XII. Tinctura Antimonii crudi.

℞ Antimonii crudi pulveri zati libram unam, Spiritus Uni∣versalis libras quatuor; misce, ac digere ad quatuor vel quin∣que septimanas; deinde filtre∣tur, & reservetur ad usum.

In Epilepsia, Melancholia, Ma∣nia, Venenis haustis, Peste mirè operatur. Vis hujus est, Sangui∣nem in universo Corpore sic mun∣dificare, & renovare, ut omnes Morbos ex corruptione Sanguinis ortos radicitus tollat. Dosis, à

drachma una ad duas, plus∣minus, in Vehiculo appropriato.

XIII. Tinctura Salis Tartari.

℞ Salis Tartari calcinati ad colorem cyaneum, vel magis li∣quefacti seu fusi, libras duas; Cinerum Ossium libras quatuor, Spiritus Vini optimi rectificati libras octo; misce: agitatur, & reponatur ad usum. Super mag∣mam si affunderis novum Spiri∣tum, Tinctura erit bona, ut prior.

Nobilius & efficacius Stoma∣chicum in tota Republica Medica nondum inventum esse, Experien∣tiam ipsam attestor. Datur autem cum Vehiculo Stomachico, vel Aqua Stomachali: super modum Viscera confortat, Secretumque hoc est ro∣borans & restaurans: totam mas∣sam Sanguinis à mucosis omnibus & serosis Humoribus purificat; propter Salem suum, & dulcem. Dosis, à guttis triginta ad sexa∣ginta, plus minusve.

CHAP. LVIII. Of TINCTURES.

1. The Cordial Tincture.

TAke Long-pepper, Ginger, Win∣ter's Cinamon, a. ʒ j. Cloves, Nutmegs, Limon Peels, Cinamon, a. ʒ ij. English Saffron, Cochinele, a. ʒ iij. rectified Spirit of Wine lbiij. impregnated with Oil of Sulphur ʒiij bruise them well, and mix them; digest for a month, then filter, and keep the Tincture for use.

It is good against Fainting and Swooning Fits, and palpitation of the Heart; and is profitable against Phlegm in the Stomach and Bowels: it wonderfully strengthens the Brain and all its functions, removes Catarrhs, and preserves from the Apoplexy, Falling-sickness, and Lethargy: it masters the nauseousness of the Stomach, or loathing of food, and helps the weakness thereof; in the Colick it is a sin∣gular thing, and in Fits of the Mother, for which purpose few Medicines are equal to it. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ij. in a fit Vehicle.

2. The Wonderful Tincture.

℞ Catechu ℥ vj. Jesuits Bark ℥ iv. Henbane-seeds ℥ ij. Spirit of Wine, i.e. common Brandy ℥ xx. mix; digest for a week, filter, and keep it for use.

It is profitable against Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder; it stops Spitting of Blood, and

Bleeding, or Fluxes of Blood; in what part of the Body, or of what kind soever: it represses the overflowing of the Terms in Women, cures the Diabetes, Incon∣tinency of Urine, and Pissing of Blood, as also the Bloody-flux and Diarrhoea, and stops other Fluxes of the Bowels; it prevails against the soreness of the Bow∣els, weakness of the Stomach and Liver, and lowness of the Heart. Dose, two spoonfuls, more or less, morning and evening, continuing its use for six or seven days.

3. Tincture of Opium.

℞ Thebian Opium ℥ viij. Saf∣fron, Cochinele, a. ℥ j. Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Cinamon, Snake∣root, a. ℥ ss. Juice of Limons, recti∣fied Spirit of Wine, a. lbijss. mix them; digest, 'till the Ingredients fall to the bottom; filter, and ex∣hale the one half. Or thus, from Angelus Sala; ℞ Thebian Opium dried ℥ j. English Saffron, Mace, a. ℥ss. Ambergrise ʒj. Spirit of Vitriol ℥ iiij. Damask-rose-water ℥ vj. infuse all in a glass vessel, and digest for a month: then strain, abstract the Rose-water, and keep the Tincture for use.

It is a most approved and safe Remedy in all Pains, whether Venereal or others; it stops all Haemorrhagies, or Bleedings and Fluxes, both of the Womb and Bowels. It is a famous Sudorifick, purifies the Blood thro' the whole Body, and restores the pristin vigour of Health: It is good as well in the Dropsy and Con∣vulsions,

as in the Stone, and Fits of the Mother: it is a stupendi∣ous Medicament in stopping all Fluxes of Humors and Catarrhs, Overflowing of the Courses, in Watching, and in all kinds of Fevers, and Weaknesses; in Phrensies, Madness, Melancholy, Vomiting, Falling-sickness, Suffo∣cation of the Heart, Colick, weakness of the Stomach, Pleuri∣sie, Gout, as well in the Hips, as Knees and Feet, as also the Stone, and pain of the Reins: for in easing all vehement and sharp kinds of pain, it is as it were a divine help, and the very last Re∣fuge. Dose, à gut. 16, ad 20, vel 30. more or less; which may be taken in the Evening, about bed-time.

4. Purging Tincture.

℞ Sena ℥ viij. Jalap in pouder ℥ ij. Seeds of Anise, Caraways, Coriander, Roots of Liquorice, a ℥j. Aqua Vitae lbvj. mix; and di∣gest in a cold place for fourteen days, strain out, and keep the Tincture for use.

It Purges Choler and Melan∣choly, as also salt Phlegm, and that without trouble; and is in∣deed profitable against all Dis∣eases proceeding from those Hu∣mors; as Cancers, Elephantiasis, Madness, Melancholy, Rheuma∣tisms, Gouts, Kings-evil, Ring∣worms, Scabs, Breakings-out, and other like Affects of the Skin. It is very powerful for bringing forth the Melancholy Humor, and prevails against all Diseases which proceed from a mixture of Phlegm and Choler. It is an ad∣mirable thing for such as are troubled with the Spleen, Melan∣cholick

and Hypochondriack Dis∣eases, Madness, Falling-sickness, or Delirium proceeding from a Fe∣ver, Diseases of the Womb, or an old Pox. It powerfully provokes Stools, takes away Obstructions, and removes thick Humors, vis∣cous and tough, by cutting and attenuating them. Dose, from 2 spoonfuls to 6 or 7, more or less, in the Morning fasting.

5. Tincture Exfoliating Bones, or Tincture of Euphorbium.

℞ Euphorbium ℥j. Myrrh ʒ ij. Spirit of Wine ℥vj. mix, and digest for a week, filter, and keep the Tincture for use.

It is never given by the Mouth, neither alone, nor mixt with other things, except very rarely, and in small quantity. Outwardly it is used, but chiefly in rotten∣ness of the Bones, where they require scaling. But if the Mandi∣ble or Jaw-bone in any place (saith Hildanus) be made bare, I apply the Pouder of Euphorbium, which has wonderful properties; for by its heat, it not only drys up the humors in the Bone, but here it is found to have some agreeable occult quality; for which reason it is deservedly, both by Dioscorides and Modern Physicians, applied to rotten Bones: nor need you fear its acri∣mony, for tho' it bites the Tongue and Nostrils, yet notwithstanding you may strew Ulcers plentifully with its Pouder, or as much as you please, for that it causes no pain or inflammation: — I speak what I know by experience. If these are the virtues of the Gum in its gross body, what are its excellen∣cies when its Body is opened?

6. Tincture of Wormwood.

℞ Dried Leaves of common Wormwood ℥ iv. Salt of Tartar ℥ j. grind them together in a hot Mortar; and add thereto rectified Spirit of Wine ℥ xvj. digest seven days, then strain out by pressing: in that liquor infuse again the same quantity of Wormwood and Salt of Tartar, digesting and expressing as before; which work repeat the third time: press out again, and filter the Tincture.

It is a great Stomatick, helps Concoction, and inwardly taken kills Worms of the Belly, it re∣moves Obstructions, provokes the Terms, brings forth the Birth and After-birth, preserves from Putrefaction, resists Poison, and is good in the cure of the Plague and many other contagious Dis∣eases. Dose, à gut. vj, ad xvj. more or less, in a draught of Wine or, Asc.

7. Tincture of Antimony, Purging.

℞ Glass of Antimony in pouder ℥ j. Spirit of Vitriol not rectified ℥ viij. mix, and digest in Balneo Mariae.

It opens Obstructions, purifies the Blood, and certainly cures all those Diseases which proceed from Stoppages; it kills Worms in Children, and is profitable in the cure of the Green-sickness, Ca∣chexia, Kings-evil, and Scurvy; and in every Disease it is said to be a Panchymagogue, or Univer∣sal Purger. Dose, agut. vj, ad xij.

8. A Cathartick Tincture.

℞ Choice Sena ℥ iij. Ja∣lap in pouder ℥ j. Cloves, Sas∣ston, ana ʒ j. Chalybeat-Wine

lbij. infuse for seven days, ex∣press, and filter.

It safely and certainly cures all Diseases of the Brain and Womb, removing and dissipating all Me∣lancholy Phansies and Thoughts; it is good against Semitertians, and other obstinate and inter∣mitting Fevers; for it brings forth Humors putrifying in the Body, and those chiefly Choler and Melancholy; it stops all Flu∣xes of the Belly, Bloody-fluxes, Lienteria's, Diarrhoea's, and the Hepatick-flux; by reason of the Salt and Sulphur of the Iron which it contains. It is very powerful to remove all Obstru∣ctions of the Liver and Spleen, provoke the Terms, &c. Dose, 2, 3, or 4 spoonfuls daily, for some cosiderable time.

9. Tincture of Mars or Iron.

℞ Bits of Iron, or old Nails lbv. White-wine lbviij. Spirit of Wine lbij. Oil of Sulphur ℥ j. digest in a cold place for six months, more or less: and that the Salt and Sulphur of the Mars may be well drawn into the Wine, let the Vessel be often shaked; then de∣cant, filter, and keep it for use.

This Martial Tincture brings forth many corrupt Humors by loosning the Belly, chiefly Choler and Melancholy, Humors earthy, heavy, and sticking, not easily by other Medicaments to be ejected or removed. It is a special remedy against Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb; it is profita∣ble against the Jaundies, Pain at Stomach, Palpitation of the Heart, Colick, Iliack-passion, and the Rickets in Children: it has

been found by experience to be a noble Remedy against Hypo∣chondriack Melancholy, Quar∣tans, Cachexia's, Dropsies, Scurvy, overflowing and retention of the Terms, and the Green-sickness in Virgins. Dose, 2 or 3 spoonfuls, more or less, in some proper Ve∣hicle, at bed-time; that the virtues thereof may the more easily penetrate, even to the remote parts of the Body.

10. The Excellent, or Bitter Tincture.

℞ Fine Aloes ℥ ij. Cloves, Nutmegs, Snake-root, English-Saffron, Aniseeds, a. ʒ j. Sherry-Sack lbij ss. mix, and digest; often shaking the Vesseb, for a week, then filter, and keep it for use.

It opens all Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, is profitable against the Dropsy; bringing forth Phlegm, Choler, Melancho∣ly, and Water, with other super∣abounding Humors; it purifies the Blood; nor will it suffer any evil matter to remain in the Bo∣dy, but whatever is pernicious, it expels by Stool and Urine; it helps the weakness of the Sto∣mach, and prevails against many other Discases of like kind with these; and therefore is given against Pain of the Stomach, Ca∣chexia, Belching of Wind, and to kill Worms: it is exhibited before the Fits in a Tertian and Quar∣tan, which it often cures at the third time taking. Dose, from ℥j, ad ij. in a Morning fasting. If it be given for the preservation of Health, it may be taken from half a spoonful to one spoonful, every Morning, in White-wine,

for eight or ten days, in the Spring-time.

11. Tincture, or Elixir of Property.

℞ Fine Aloes, Myrrh, both in pouder, English Saffron, a. ℥ j. of the Ʋniversal Spirit ℥ xij. mix: digest seven days, decant, and filter it for use.

It wonderfully comforts the Stomach and Bowels, causes an Appetite, and happily strength∣ens the Brain and all its functions: it is profitably used in malign and Hypochondriack Diseases, and in Diseases of the Womb; it pre∣serves from the Apoplexy and Falling-sickness; it is of mighty use in various kinds of Fevers; and a most noble Medicament for many Diseases, to open Ob∣structions of the Bowels, help the Pleurisy, Vertigo, and Headach: it is a wonderful Aperient or Opener; for which reason, in stoppage of the Terms, Palsy, Jaundies, and Dropsy, it does wonderful things. Dose, à ʒ ij, ad ʒ iv. more or less; as the na∣ture of the Disease, and consti∣tution of the Sick requires.

12. Tincture of crude Antimony.

℞ Pouder of crude Antimony lbj. Spiritus Universalis lbiv. mix: digest for four or five weeks, then filter, and keep it for use.

It admirably prevails against the Falling-sickness, Melancholy, Madness, Poison, Plague. It is of so great power in purifying and renovating the Blood thro' the whole Body, that it radically takes away all Diseases proceed∣ing

from the corruption of the same. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij. more or less, in some fit Vehicle.

13. Tinctureof Salt of Tartar.

℞ Salt of Tartar calcined to blewness, or rather melted, lbij. Bone-ashes in pouder lbiv. of the best rectified Spirit of Wine lbviij. mix; shake often, and keep it for use. Ʋpon the Faeces you may affuse new or fresh Spirit, and you shall have a Tincture as good as the former.

There is not found out a more noble and efficacious Stomatick in the whole Republick of Medi∣cine, I speak by Experience. But it ought to be given in some Stomatick Vehicle or Water: it is also a Secret having a strengthning and restoring vir∣tue. It purifies the whole mass of Blood from all mucous and serous Humours, by virtue of its Salt and sweetness. Dose, à gut. 30, ad 60. more or less.

CHAP. LIX. De SPIRITIBUS.

I. Spiritus Cordialis.

℞ COrticis Winterani uncias duodecim, Fructus Pi∣menti uncias octo, Foliarum Rosmarini uncias sex, Radicis Serpentariae, Angelicae, ana un∣cias quatuor; Granorum Paradisi, Croci Anglicani, ana uncias duas; Seminum Anisi, Carui, Foeniculi, Coriandri, Piperis longi & albi, ana unciam unam; Aquae Fon∣tanae

libras viginti quatuor; Spiritus Vini duplicati libras viginti: crassiusculè incisa & contusa misce, & infundantur in Liquoribus per quatuor dies; postea distillentur in Alembicò refrigeratorio suo librae triginta duae; distillatum addatur Sac∣chari-candi pulverizati albissimi libri tres: dissolvatur, coletur, & reservetur ad usum.

Cerebrum, Stomachum, & Cor, omnesque functiones eorum mire corroborat: Catarrhos discusit, atque ab Apoplexia, Epilepsia; & Lethargo praeservat; magni est usus ad omnes frigidos Capitis Affectus, intra & extra adhibitus; contra Vertigiuem, Paralysin, Convulsio∣nem, & Tremorem, singulariter, tanquam insignem Medicinam com∣mendare volui: utilis est in Synco∣pe, Cordis Palpitatione, Cardial∣gia, & Aegritudine Stomachi: consumit Pituitam in Ventriculo & Intestinis; omnibus denique à Fri∣giditate ducentibus Morbis magno∣pere conducit: Vires amissos re∣stituit, & Membra Principalia con∣fortat. Dosis, à drachmis duabus ad unciam unam, plus minusve, pro ratione Morbi & necessitatis.

II. Spiritus Vini Cam∣phoratus.

℞ Spiritus Vini libras octo, Croci, Cochinellae, ana dra∣chmas quatuor; misce, fiatque Tinctura, in qua dissolvantur Camphorae unciae sedecim; & reponatur ad usum.

Diaphoreticus est & Anodynus, in plerisque Morbis, tam frigidis quam calidis usurpatur: externe, in Arthriticis & ommbus Affecti∣bus

frigidis Artuum summopere convenit; Odontalgiae, Aurium do∣loribus, Vertigini, Paralysi, Tre∣mori, aliisque Morbis ad Miracu∣lum usue medetur. Internè, ad Colicum dolorem sumitur à dra∣chmis duabus ad sex, in Vehiculo appropriato, citò, miréque curat.

III. Spiritus Sulphuratus, vel Vitriolatus.

℞ Spiritus Vini rectificati li∣bras octo, Olei Sulphuris vel Vi∣trioli uncias sedecim; misce, ac digere: tunc distilles per Retor∣tam in Arena ad siccitatem, & servetur ad usum.

Praestans admodum, & delica∣tus est hic Spiritus ad Cordis & Ventriculi imbecillitatem juvan∣dam, Venenis adversetur, Vino permixto: Cor summopere roborat, & Stomachum confortat: concre∣tum Sanguinem dirimit, ex Spiri∣tu suo & Sale soluto, qui omnia concreta dissolvit: unde & Calcu∣losis & Sabulosis peroptimam est Remedium, in Aqua Hydropiperis: Vulneribus venenatis, & aliis sim∣plicibus, & Ʋlceribus omnibus, summum Medicamentum est. Valet contra Pestem, Febres Pestilen∣tiales & Malignes: Sitim extin∣guit, & Ʋrinam provocat. Dosis, à drachma semis ad drachmam unam, in Vino vel Jusculis.

IV. Spiritus Vini Basilii.

℞ Spiritus Vini rectificati, Olei Salis optimi, ana; misce, benè Vas agitando. Per hunc, ex Auro fit Tinctura.

Arcanum est summum contra Venena, & verum & unicum Be∣zoarticum Remedium; adversus Pestiferae Aurae Contagionem nibil efficacius, & est summum Pestis Praeservativum & Curativum: potentissimè curat quaecunque Vul∣nera simplicia, citò; ita ut stu∣pendnm sit Naturae Miraculum, propter ingentem vim Balsamicam, quae in ejus Oleo, Sale, & Spiritu continetur. Dosis, à guttis duo∣decim ad viginti quatuor; vel ad aciditatem congruentem.

V. Spiritus Nitri.

℞ Nitri quantum vis, in Aqua vulgari dissolvatur, ita ut Mu∣riam fortissimam referat; ℞ hujus Muriae libras quatuor, Olei Vitrioli libram unam; fiat distil∣latio ex Cucurbita vitrea ex Arena; prodibit primitus Phle∣gma, postmodum subsequetur Spiritus Nitri acidus, quem seor∣sim collige, distillando ad sicci∣tatem Nitri in fundo remanen∣tis. Vel sic, ℞ Nitri libras duas, Olei Vitrioli rectificati libram unam; misce: committantur Retortae, & successivis Ignis gra∣dibus distilletur ad ficcitatem usque; & habebis Spiritum Nitri fortissimum: in fundo autem residet Nitrum Vitriolatum, quod suum Essentiale Principale vocat Kreuchnerus.

Hic Spiritus, licet suspicione adulterationis Olei Vitrioli non careat, satis tamen gratus est, & usui Medico inserviens; subri∣lissimus, & penetratissimus est inter omnes Spiritus acidos Minerales: hinc potenter attenuat, resolvit,

& aperit; Sudorem & Ʋrinam movet, & Lithontripticus est. Con∣servat à Putredine; hincque fre∣quens ejus usus in Peste, Febribus Malignis, & Exanthemate. Dosis est, à scrupla semis ad scruplam unam, in Liquore aliquo appro∣priato.

VI. Spiritus Nitratus.

℞ Spiritus Nitri rectificati un∣cias sex, Alcohol Vini uncias octo∣decim; digerantur simul per tres dies, tunc distilles per Retortam vitream in Arena, ad siccitatem, terque repetatur; & reservetur ad usum.

In Colico dolore nihil est prae∣stantiùs, quia saepe hic Affectus ex Pituita, & glutinosis, & flatulen∣tis Humoribus ortum habet. Hoc autem Arcanum suo illitu, discutit, disperdit quicquid frigidum est, glutinosum, & flatulentem. Dis∣solvit & emollit quoscunque Tumo∣res frigidos, duros, & scirrhosos. Hoc Menstruum temperatissimum est, & ad Tincturas multorum Ve∣getabilium extrahendas. Ardores Sanguinis sistit, compescendo furo∣rem Sulphureum, & Salino-vola∣tilem in Sanguine contentum. Pi∣tuitam tenacem potenter incidit; ac proinde in Obstructionibus sol∣vendis prodest. Saburram calculo∣sam corrodit & comminuit, & per Diuresin expellit. Ac quia Acidum summe volatile est, potenter atte∣nuat; & Diureticus, Febrifugus, Antipleuriticus, & Anticolicus est. Valet contra Pestem, arcet Putredinem, extinguit Sitim, & convenit nimiis Humorum Ardo∣ribus, Febribus ardentibus & ma∣lignis, penetrante totum Corpus. Hincque infinitis Morbis utilis est. Edulcorari Saccharo potest,

ut fiat instar Syrupi; & tum ad cochleare semis exhiberi potest. Dosis aliàs est, à guttis decem ad sexaginta, in Cerevisia, Vino, aut aliqua Aqua appropriata. Inservit∣que etiam pro Menstruo in paranda Tinctura Coralliorum: fitque ex hoc, Aurum Potabile, Elixir Pro∣prietatis, Tinctura Opii, vel Guttae Vitae, & Liquor Catharti∣cus.

VII. Spiritus Salis Philosophicus.

℞ Salis uncias sedecim, Olei Vitrioli rectificati uncias octo, Aquae quantum sufficit ad dis∣solvendam Salis communis; in∣fundatur Vase distillatorio, de∣in distillatur; sic primo prodit Phlegma, secundo Spiritus Aci∣dus, quem feorsim serva; infun∣da in Retorta vitrea, & distilla in Arena ad siccitatem usque: Spiritus acidus penetratissimus est, qui est Spiritus Salis com∣munis. Oleum vero Vitrioli co∣agulabitur in Retorta, cum Al∣cali Salis communis. Recipe hu∣jus Spiritus acidi uncias quatuor, Salis (in Aqua soluti) uncias duas; misce, distillaque in Are∣na, ut antea; sic prodibunt unciae sex; & hoc in infinitum potest repeti; ita ut fine ullis sumpti∣bus Spiritus hic in promptu esse possit. In fundo remanebit Sal coagulatum, ex quo fit Sal Mirabile, ut postea declarabi∣tur.

In Chymia, & Tincturarum

extractionibus, plurimi est usus: praecipitat omnia soluta in Aqua∣forti vel in Spiritu Nitri, Ace∣to, &c. quae praecipitata, laevissima & albissima fiunt. Insuper omnia Olea foetida corrigit, & foetorem tollit. Aperit, refrigerat, maxime∣que adversatur Pesti. Sitim ex∣tinguit, Febribus convenit, & effervescentiam Sanguinis sedat. Gratioris saporis est, & minùs violentus, quàm est Spiritus Salis vulgariter distillatus. Ʋrinam mo∣vet, Calculum pellit, Sudorem ciet, & praeservat â Putridine: hinc Febribus malignis & contagiosis conducit, imprimis Saccharo edul∣coratus. Solvit Solem, tanquam ejus Menstruum. Dosis, à scrupla semis ad scruplam unam; vel ad gratam aciditatem, in poculo Vini, ulteriusve liquoris.

VIII. Spiritus Cornu Cervi, compositus.

℞ Rasurae Cornu Cervi libram unam, Succini, Tartari albi, ana libram semis; Retortae terreae vel vitreae indantur, & in Igne aperto vel in Arena, distilla, primò lento Igne, augendo ad quartam usque gradum; & pro∣dibit primo gradu Phlegma, cum secundo Oleum, cum tertio Sal volatile: continuetur Distillatio per horas quinque aut sex, donec nil ampliùs prodeat; & habebi∣tur in Recipiente Massa, ex Phle∣gmate, Oleo, & Sale volatili con∣rlata; magna quoque pars Salis volatilis sub forma Nivis adhaere∣bit lateribus Recipientis, quod debet esse amplum, & maximê quadrans ad collum Retortae: Ole∣um separatur à Spiritibus, & Sale,

Vim admirabilem habet Spiri∣tus Sudorificam, unde usus in Febribus malignis, contagiosis, & Peste; in Morbis Ʋteri, Obstru∣ctionibus Viscerum, & Affectibus Melancholicis. Egregium est Me∣dicamentum, praesertim in omnibus Morbis per Sudorem curabilibus. Exhibetur in Mensium Obstructioni∣bus, & reliquis Affectibus Ʋteri∣nis; in Epilepsia, Apoplexia, Para∣lysi, Lethargo, aliisque Nervorum obstructionibus, atque in Morbis ma∣lignis; & in Morsu Animalium Venenatorum, insuper est Antidoton. Concretum Sanguinis dirimit ac dissolvit. Dosis, à guttis decem ad scruplas duas, plusve, in Ve∣biculo convenienti.

IX. Spiritus Salis Armoniaci.

℞ Salis Armoniaci libram unam, Salis Alcali vel Cinerum Clavellatorum libras duas; exactè inter se conterantur, & in Cu∣curbitam vitream conjiciantur; eisque affundantur Aquae com∣munis librae tres: leni Igne di∣stillentur, cum Recipiente vi∣treo satis amplo, cujus junctura bene quadrat ad collum Distilla∣torio: distillaque donec unciae duodecim circiter, plusve prodi∣erint, tum cessa: Si Calcem vi∣vam loco Salis Alcali adhibueris, multo fugacior elicitur Spiritus: distillentur simul per Retortam vitream in Arena positam, Igne satis l••ni. Sic primò prodit Sal volatile in forma sicca, secundò Spiritus liquidus simulcum phle∣gmate, in quo Sal volatile dissol∣vitur: Spiritus prolectus in Vitro arctissimè clauso reservetur.

Sensus omnes acuit, Spiritus Animales refovendo & multipli∣cando. Pathemata omnia Cerebri, Cordis, Ventriculi, Hepatis, Lie∣nis, Matricis, & Nervorum sanat. Ʋteri omnes Affectus tutissimè tollit, & fertilitatem inducit: Circulationem Sanguinis promovet, Obstructiones reserat, Febribus Ter∣tianis, Quartanis, & Quotidianis medetur; Peste, Paralysi, Apo∣plexiae, Epilepsiae, & Passionibus Hystericis succurrit; Diaphoresin, Diuresin, & Menstrua promovet: penetrantissimus est instar Pana∣caeae in Medicina, quibuscunque Mor∣bis inserviens. Dosis, à guttis decem ad scruplas duas.

X. Spiritus Mirabilis.

℞ Aquae-fortis simplicis, seu Spiritus Nitri non rectificati, Spi∣ritus Vitrioli, ana libram unam; misce, benè Vas agitando.

Arcanum est summum in Colica curanda, Febre Quotidiana, Ter∣tiana, & Quartana, Arthritide, Ischiadico dolore, Nervorum & Musculorum contractionibus, & Paralysi particulari membri ali∣cujus, & totius Corporis, admotum membris externè, & assumptum ex Arte interne. In omnibus Doloribus acutissimis frigidis & calidis, ubi prae vehementia Homi∣nes ferè exanimantur; praecipuè in dolore Colico, Nephritico, Pleu∣rilicis, & Podagrico, nihil est in rerum praestantius; qued in∣temperiem partium omnium, & Humores acres & pungentes at∣temperat & alleviat. Tumores omnes frigidos & scirrhosos dis∣cutit & emollit, exteriùs illinendo, propter suum Spiritum aethereum

qguem continet, qui penetrando fri∣didos illos Humores, & tartareos tissolvit. Sumitur ad quantita∣em drachmae semis, plus-minusve; um Jusculis, Aquis, & Syrupis Morbo appropriatis & convenien∣tibus.

XI. Spiritus Opii compositus.

℞ Succi Pomorum libras de∣cem, Opii Thebaici libram unam, misce, & dissolvatur; addantur Sacchari librae duae & semis, Caryophyllorum, Croci Anglica∣ni, ana unciae quatuor; radicis Serpentariae, Corticis Winterani, ana unciae tres; Nucis Moschatae, Zinziberis, ana unciae duae; Fer∣menti Cerevisiae libra semis: crassiusculè contusa & mixta, fermententur simul in digestione per tres vel quatuor dies; posteà adde Spiritus Vini libras duode∣cim; tune in Alembico, Igne nudo, vel in Balneo Mariae di∣stillentur: Spiritus evocatus, Sac∣charo purissimo edulcoretur.

In vitiis Pectoris, Tussi, Asthma∣te, imbecillitate Ventriculi, Colica, Torminibus Ventris, &c. bonum est Medicamentum. Mirabilis est ope∣rationis, & ad curandum Phthisin, sanandum Ʋlcera Pulmonum, ex∣pertissimus. Praeterea Pleurilicis, Suspirosis, Arteriacis, Empyacis, seu Purulenta excreantibus peculia∣riter & efficacirer opitulatur. So∣po iferum est & Anodynum Medica∣mentum, Sudores prolicit, aliis Medicamentis mixtum. Astringit, unde convenit in Diarrhxa, Dysen∣teria, caeterisque Fluxibus, omni∣busque Humorum profluviis; in sedandis omnibus etiam acutis∣simis à quacunque causa subortis

doloribus, & inquietudinibus im∣modicis; uti Phrenitis, Mania, stupendum est Medicamentum, gratam inducens tranquillitatem. Varias & egregias habet faculta∣tes, Spiritus insuper in Syncopticis recreat, & mirabiliter restaurat. Dosis, à drachma una ad quatuor, plus-minusve, in Vino, vel alio Vehiculo adapto.

XII. Spiritus Sulphuris per Distil∣lationem; vulgò, Ens primum.

℞ Retortam tubulatam ter∣ream, aut saltem perforatam; injiciatur per vices, five cochlea∣ria, pulvis ex Sulphuris & Nitri partibus aequalibus factus. Sic Vapores incensi cum impetu fe∣runtur in Recipiens vitreum; quod amplissimum esse debet, continens aliquid Aquae purissi∣mae, & cujus junctura cum collo Retortae sit tantum leviter ob∣turata. Consumpto cochleariuno, ingeratur alterum, idque con∣tinuetur quamdiu libitum fue∣rit. Sic accipietur, una cum quibusdam Floribus, Spiritus acidus penetrantissimus, Spiritui Campanario hand absimilis, sine∣que dubio tamen aliquid acidi Nitri in se continens, quod Va∣pores rubicundi demonstrant. Si solum Sulphur, absque Nitro, ingeratur, faeliciter non succedit Operatio; quia Sulphur non fa∣cile accenditur, atque ideò pau∣lum vel nullum Spiritum aci∣dum, sed Flores multi suppedi∣tat; etiamsi leviter tantum jun∣cturae sint clausae.

Sudorem valdè movet, Menses ciet, Alvum lenissimè solvit, Ne∣phriticum est insigne, omnibus Pectoris Vitiis succurrit, ut & Tussi, Phthisique, praecipuè si ulte∣riùs elaboretur cum Melle: utilis est Asthmaticis, Catarrhosis, Ob∣structionibus inveteratis, caeteris∣que Morbis Viscerum. Attenuat, incidit, aperit, & siccat. Morbis Ʋteri, Colicae, Pesti, Febribus ardentibus & contagiosis convenit. Effervescemiam Sanguinis mitigat, Putrefactionem arcer, Vermes ne∣cat; viresque easdem cùm Ole•• Sulphuris habet. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas, vel ad gratam acidi∣tatem, in Vehiculo appropriato.

XIII. Spiritus Ʋniversalis Clauderi.

℞ Cinerum Clavellatorum libram unam, Aquae communis libras sex; stet per horam unam, & aliquoties agitetur pro melio∣re dissolutione: huic Solutioni injice Salis Armoniaci pulve∣rizati libram semis, vel paulò plus; agitetur itidem aliquando pro plenaria Salium in Aqua defluxu, & quidem in Vase ob∣turato, ne partes volatiles eva∣porent: postea filtretur per Chartam emporeticam, & serve∣tur ad usum.

Deobstruit, omneque Acidum ob∣errans in Corporemitigat & infrin∣git, recreatque Spiritus in univer so Corpore, Circulationem Sanguinis promovet, Cachexiam Mulierum tollit, Sudores adjuvat, Putredini resistit, & Passionibus Hystericis medetur; Pituitam tenacem po∣renter incidit, ac proinde in ob∣structionibus

Mensium, Capitis gra∣vedine, palpitatione Cordis, Pleu∣ritide, & Ventriculo Fermento suffocato, maximarum est virium, & instar Panacaea in quibuscunque Morbis, & Febribus, per Sudorem curabilibus, esse potest. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas, in Aquis vel Syrupis appropriatis. In Operatio∣nibus Chymicis, summi est usûs in Extrahenda Anima (quae est Es∣sentia subtilissima) Vegetabili∣um, Mineralium, Metallorum, & Animalium, praecipuè Sulphureo∣rum, &c.

CHAP. LIX. Of SPIRITS.

1. The Cordial Spirit.

℞ WInter's Cinamon ℥ xij. Jamaica Pimento ℥ viij. Rosemary-leaves ℥ vj. Snakeroot, Angelica-root, a. ℥ iv. Grains of Paradise, English Saffron, a. ℥ ij. Seeds of Anise, Carawaies, Fennel, Coriander, Pepper long and white, a. ℥ j. Spring-water lbxxiv. recti••ed Spirit of Wine lbxx. the ingredients being grossly cut and

bruised, mix, and infuse them in the Liquor for four days; then distill all in an Alembick with its Worm, drawing off sixteen quarts; to which add of the purest white Sugar-candy in fine pouder lbiij. dissolve, strain, and keep it for use.

It wonderfully comforts the Brain, Stomach, and Heart, and all their functions: stops Ca∣tarrhs, and preserves from the Apoplexy, Epilepsy, and Lethar∣gy; it is of great use in all cold Distempers of the Head, both in∣wardly and outwardly used; it is singular good against the Vertigo, Palsy, Convulsions, and Trem∣blings; and I commend it in these cases, as a most admirable Medicine: it is good against Swooning and Fainting, Palpita∣tion of the Heart, Pain at Sto∣mach, and Sickness thereof: it prevails against Phlegm in the Ventricle and Bowels; and is of great force in all great Diseases proceeding from Cold: it re∣stores lost Strength, and com∣forts the Principal Members. Dose, à ʒ ij. ad ℥ j.

2. Spirit of Wine Cam∣phorated.

℞ Spirit of Wine lbviij. Saf∣fron, Cochinele, a. ʒ iv. mix, and make a Tincture, in which dis∣solve Camphir ℥ xvj. and keep it for use.

It is Diaphoretick and Ano∣dyn, and is used in many Diseases both hot and cold: outwardly, it is of very great use in the Gout,

and all cold Diseases of the Joints; it gives ease, and cures the pains of the Teeth and Ears; and is good against the Vertigo, Palsy, Trembling, and other Dis∣cases of like kind, which it cures to a Miracle. Inwardly, it it given against the Colick, à ʒ ij. ad vj. in some proper Vehicle, which it quickly and wonderfully cures.

3. The Sulphurated, or Vitriolated Spirit.

℞ Spirit of Wine rectified lbviij. Oil of Sulphur or Vitriol ℥ xvj. mix, and digest; then distil by Retort in Sand, and keep the Spirit for use.

It is indeed a powerful and pleasant Remedy against fainting of the Heart, and weakness of the Stomach, and prevails against Poison, being taken in Wine: it also strengthens the Heart, and comforts the Stomach: it loosens the too strict jointing of the Blood, by virtue of its Spirit and dissolved Salt; which dissolves all coagulated substances: for which reason it is a most excellent thing against the Stone and Gra∣vel, being given in Hydropiper-Water: it is also a singular, and most excellent Medicine for sim∣ple Wounds, and such as are poi∣soned; as also in all sorts of Ulcers. It prevails against the Plague, and Pestilential, as also Malign Fevers: it quenches Thirst, and provokes Urine. Dose, à ʒ ss ad ʒ j. in Wine or Broth.

4. Basil's Spirit of Wine.

℞ Rectified Spirit of Wine, of the best Oil of Salt, ana; mix them by shaking the Vessel well. By this Spirit, a Tincture may be drawn out of Gold.

It is one of the chiefest Se∣crets against Poison, and the true and only Bezoartick Remedy against the Infection of a Pestife∣rous Air, for which purpose, no∣thing is more efficacious; and it is also the chief, both Presérva∣tive and Curative, of the very Plague it self: it presently and powerfully cures simple Wounds, of what kind soever; becoming as it were a stupendious Miracle of Nature, because of its mighty Balsamick power, contained in its Oil, Sale, and Spirit. Dose, à gut. xij, ad xxiv. or to an agreeable and pleasant acidity.

5. Spirit of Nitre.

℞ What quantity you please of Nitre, dissolve it in common Wa∣ter, so much as to make it a very strong Brine or Pickle: take of this Pickle lbiv. Oil of Vitriol lbj. put them into a Cucurbit, and distil in Sand; so will you have first a Phlegm, then an acid Spirit of Nitre, which gather by it self: distil to driness, the Nitre remain∣ing in the bottom. Or thus, ℞ Nitre lbij. Oil of Vitriol recti∣fied lbj. mix them: put them in∣to a Retort, and with a gradual increase of the Pire, distil to dri∣ness; so you will have a very strong Spirit of Nitre, and in the bottom you will have a Nitre Vitriolate, which Kreuchner calls its Es∣sential Principle.

This Spirit, tho' it may be su∣spected to be adulterated with the Oil of Vitriol, yet it is suffi∣ciently grateful, and of good use in Physick; it is most subtil and penetrating, of all the acid Mineral Spirits; and therefore

powerfully attenuates, resolves, and opens; it causes Sweat and Urine, and breaks the Stone. It preserves from Putrifaction; for which reason, it is of frequent use in the Plague, Malign-fevers, and Small-pox. Dose, à ℈ ss. ad ℈ j. in some appropriate Liquor.

6. A Nitrated Spirit.

℞ Rectified Spirit of Nitre ℥ vj. rectified Spirit of Wine ℥ xviij. digest them together for three days; then distil in a glass Retort in Sand, repeating the Distillation three times; and then keep it for use.

There is nothing more power∣ful in the World against the Co∣lick, because this Disease often∣times arises from Flegm, or gluti∣nous and flatulent Humours: and this Arcanum, by even Bathing with it, discusses and disperses all kinds of cold, glutinous, and flatulent Matter. It is a kind of temperate Menstruum, and of good use for extracting the Tin∣ctures of several kinds of Ve∣getables. It quiets the Fer∣mentation of the Blood, and allays the rage of its Sulphu∣reous and volatil Saline parts: it powerfully cuts tough Phlegm, and therefore is profitable in opening Obstructions: it dis∣solves Gravelly Matter, breaks the Stone, and expells it; and as it is one of the highest or greatest volatil Acids, so it is powerfully attenuating and di∣uretick; a great Antifebritick, Antipleuritick, and Anticolick. It is good against the Plague, resists Putrifaction, quenches Thirst, and prevails against the violent Fermentation of the

Humors, burning and malign Fe∣vers; by reason of its penetra∣tion thro' the whole Body: for which cause sake, it is said to be profitable against many Dis∣eases. It may be sweetned with Sugar, and made like a Syrup, and so given about half a spoonful at a time. Otherwise, the Dose is, à gut. 10, ad 60. in Beer, Ale, or Wine, or some other appropriate Liquor. This Preparation may be of use as a Menstruum in prepa∣ring Tincture of Coral: and there∣with may be made also Aurum Potabile, Elixir Proprietatis, Tin∣cture of Opium, or our Guttae Vitae, and a Cathartick Potion.

7. Philosophick Spirit of Salt.

℞ Salt ℥ xvj. rectified Oil of Vitriol ℥ viij. Water a suffi∣cient quantity to dissolve the Salt; put them into the S••i••latory and distill: in the first place the Phlegm comes forth, after that the Acid Spirit, which keep by its self; put them into a glass Retort, and distil in Sand to driness: this Acid Spirit is very penetra∣ting, and the true Spirit of the Salt. The Oil of Vitriol will be coagulated in the Retort, with the Alcali of the common Salt. Take of this acid Spirit ℥ iv. new Salt ℥ij. which dissolve in a sufficient quantity of Water; mix them, and distil in Sand, as before; so will you have six ounces of Spirit; and this you may repeat infinitely, producing the Spirit with all imaginable ease, and without any charge. In the bottom, a co∣agulated Salt will remain, of which is made Sal Mirabile, as shall afterwards be declared.

In Chymistry, and the extra∣ction

of Tinctures, it is of much use; it precipitates all Solutions in Aqua fortis or Spirit of Nitre, Vinegar, &c. which Precipitates it makes very fine and white. It very much corrects all foetid Oils, and takes away their stink∣ing. It opens and cools, and is a mighty thing against the Plague. It quenches Thirst, pre∣vails against Fevers, and quiets the violent ardors of the Blood. It is more grateful in taste, and less violent than the Spirit of Salt distilled after the vulgar manner. It provokes Urine, breaks the Stone, moves Sweat, and preserves from Putrifaction; for which reason it is good against malign and contagious Fevers, being first sweetned with Sugar. It dissolves Gold, as its proper Menstruum. Dose, à ℈ ss.ad j. or to a pleasant acidity, in a glass of Wine, or of some other liquor.

8. Spirit of Harts-horn, compound.

℞ Raspings of Harts-horn lbj. Amber, white Tartar a. lbss. put them into an earthen or glass Re∣tort; distil, and with a naked Eire, or in Sand; first, in a gentle heat, then augmenting it to the fourth degree; so will you have first the Phlegm, then the Oil, and lastly the volatil Salt: continue the distillation five or six hours, 'till no more will come forth; in the Receiver you will have a mass, consisting of Phlegm, Oil, and vola∣til Salt, looking almost like Snow, and adhering to the sides of the Receiver; which ought to be very large, and exactly fitted to the neck of the Retort: separate the Oil from the Spirit and Salt.

This Spirit is a most excellent Sudorifick, for which cause it is of use in malign and contagious Fevers, and in the Plague; in Diseases of the Womb, Obstru∣ctions of the Bowels, and Dis∣eases proceeding from Melan∣choly. 'Tis a famous Medicine, chiefly in all Diseases curable by Sweating. It is given against Obstruction of the Terms, and other Affects of the Womb; a∣gainst the Falling-sickness, Apo∣plexy, Palsy, Lethargy, and other Obstructions of the Nerves, as also in malign Diseases. It is a powersul Antidote against the Bitings of Venemous Creatures. It breaks and dissolves the Coa∣gulation of the Blood; and is given à gut. 10, ad 40. and more, in some convenient Vehicle.

9. Spirit of Sal Armoniack.

℞ Sal Armoniack lbj. Sal Alcali, or of Pot-ashes lbij. mix them well together by beating them in a Mor∣tar, put them into a Cucurbit, and affuse thereon fair Water lbiij. distil with a gentle Fire, into a very large Receiver, which may fit very well to the neck of the Stillatory: distil till about ℥xij. or more may be come forth, then give over. If in the place of the Pot-ashes, you use Quick∣lime, you will have a Spirit much more subtil and volatil. Let them be distilled by a Retort in Sand, with a very gentle Fire. So will you have, first, a volatil Salt in a dry form, then a liquid Spirit mixed with the Phlegm, in which some volatil Salt is dissolved: the di∣stilled Spirit keep in a Glass close stopped.

It quickens all the Senses, by increasing and comforting the Animal Spirits. It is good in all the Dissaffections of the Brain, Heart, Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Nerves. All Diseases of the Womb it safely removes, and is good against Barrenness: it facilitates the Circulation of the Blood, opens Obstructions, and cures Quotidian, Tertian, and Quartan Agues. It is preva∣lent against the Plague, Palsey, Apoplexy, Falling-sickness, and Passions of the Womb; it pro∣vokes Sweat, Urine, and the Courses: it is indeed a power∣ful Medicine, and like a Panacaeae or All-heal, serving for all kinds of Diseases. Dose, à gut. x, ad xl.

10. The Wonderful Spirit.

℞ Simple or common Aqua∣fortis, or Spirit of Nitre not recti∣fied, Spirit of Vitriol, a. lbss. mix them well together, by shaking the Vessel.

It is a great Secret in curing the Colick, Quotidian, Tertian, and Quartan Fevers, the Gout, Sciatica, Contractions of the Si∣news and Muscles, and the Palsy, not only of any particular mem∣ber, but of the whole Body, being outwardly applied, & in∣wardly taken according to Art. There is nothing more powerful to ease all sorts of sharp and vehement Pains, whether hot or cold, which for their vehemency cause the Sick to faint, or die away; chiefly such as arise from the Colick, Stone, Pleurisie, and Gout; for that it qualifies and alleviates the intemperature of all the Parts, and abates the acrimony and pungency of the

Humors. It discusses all cold and scirrhous Tumors, and softens them, by outwardly bathing therewith; by virtue of its thin aetherial Spirit which it con∣tains, and by which it penetrates those cold and tartarous Humors, and dissolves them. It is taken to the quantity of ʒ ss. more or less, in Broth, Waters, or some convenient and proper Spirit.

11. Spirit of Opium compound.

℞ Juice of Apples lbx. The∣bean Opium lbj. mix, and dis∣solve; then add Sugar lbij ss. Cloves, English Saffron, a. ℥ iv. Snake-root, Winter's Cinamon, a. ℥ iij. Nutmegs, Ginger, a. ℥ ij. Ale-yest lbss. being grossly bruised, let them be mixt together and fer∣mented, by digesting them three or four days: after which add Spirit of Wine lbxij. and distil in an Alembick, either with a naked Fire, or in B.M. the distilled Spirit dulcifie with treble-refined Sugar.

It is a good thing in Diseases of the Brest, Coughs, Asthma's, Weakness of the Stomach, Co∣lick, Gripings of the Guts, &c. It is of an admirable operation for the cure of the Phthisick, and heals Ulcers of the Lungs, for which it is approved by ex∣perience. Besides, it is a singular help for such as are troubled with the Pleurisie, difficulty of Breathing, straitness of the Aspe∣ra Arteria, Empyema, or spit Pu∣rulent matter. It is a Medicament which induces Sleep, and gives ease in Pains; and being given mixt with other Medicines, it causes Sweat. It is of a Binding quality, for which reason it is profitable in a Flux or Loosness of

the Bowels, a Bloody-flux, and all other Fluxes of the Belly; as also all other overflowings of the Hu∣mors, and in easing of all pains, even the most acute, arising from what cause soever, giving rest and quietness; so that in a Phrensy, Madness, and continual Watchings, it is found to be a most transcendent Medicine. It has many and wonderful facul∣ties; for it revives the Spirits in Swooning-fits, and admirably restores. Dose, â ʒ ij, ad ℥ ss. more or less, in Wine, or some other proper Vehicle.

12. Spirit of Sulphur, by Di∣stillation; vulgarly called, Ens primum.

℞ A tubulated Retort, or one at least perforated, put into it by degrees, or spoonfuls, a pouder made of equal parts of Sulphur and Ni∣tre, which being inflamed, the Va∣pours will be driven with violence into a glass Receiver, which ought to be very large, containing some fair Water, and stopped in the jun∣cture to the neck of the Retort: one spoonful being consumed, another is to be put in, and this to be continued so long as you please. So have you (together with some Flowers) an acid penetrating Spi∣rit, not much unlike to that made per Campanam; but without doubt containing in its self somewhat of the acid of the Nitre, which the reddish Vapours demonstrate. If Sulphur only were used or put in, the Operation would not succeed so happily; because the Sulphur is not easily kindled, or made to flame; and therefore little or no acid Spi∣rit, but many Flowers will come forth: the juncture also is only gently to be stopt.

It powerfully provokes Sweat and the Terms, moves the Belly, and is a famous Nephritick; it is good in all Diseases of the Brest and Lungs, as the Cough and Phthisick, more especially if it be dulcified with Honey: it is profitable in Asthma's, Catarrhs, inveterate Obstructions, and other Diseases of the Bowels. It makes thin, cuts, opens, and drys, and is of good use in Diseases of the Womb, in Colicks, the Plague, as also in vehement burning and contagious Fevers. It quiets the effervescency of the Blood, resists Putrifaction, kills Worms, and has the same virtues with Oil of Sulphur. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ij. or to make the Vehicle have a pleasant acidity.

13. The Universal Spirit of Clauder.

℞ Pot-ashes lbj. fair Wa∣ter lbvj. let them stand for an hour, often shaking the Glass, for the better dissolution of the Ashes: to this Solution put Sal Armoniack in pouder lbss. or a little more; shaking it also sometimes, for the better dissolving of the Salts in the Water; which let be in a Ves∣sel close stopt, that its volatil parts may not evaporate: after∣wards let it be filtred thro' brown Paper, and kept for use.

It opens Obstructions, and corrects and destroys every irre∣gular Acid in the Body, chears the Spirits thro' the universal Man, and promotes or facilitates the Circulation of the Blood, takes away a Cachexia in Women∣kind, provokes Sweat, resists Putrifaction, and cures Diseases of the Womb: it powerfully

cuts tough Phlegm, and for that cause provokes the Terms, eases the Head-ach, helps the palpita∣tion of the Heart, and is profita∣ble against the Pleurisy, and a suffocative Ferment of the Sto∣mach, Fumes, Vapours, &c. in all which cases it is wonderfully prevalent; and a kind of Pana∣caea, in almost all Diseases and Fevers, which are possible to be cured by Sweating. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ij. in some proper Water or Syrup. It is of singular use in Chymistry, in Extracting of Tin∣ctures, or the Soul, (which is the most subtil Essence) of Vegeta∣bles, Minerals, Metals, and Ani∣mals, chiefly the Essence of their Sulphurs, &c.

CHAP. LX. De OLEIS Distillatis.

I. Oleum Seminum Anisi.

℞ SEminum Anisi contusorum libras decem, Aquae fon∣tanae libras octoginta, Salis com∣munis libram unam, Salis Clavel∣latorum libram semis; macera in loco calido per novem dies, distillaque per Vesicam aeneam cum Refrigeratorio serpentino; tunc separetur Oleum ab Aqua.

In dolore Colico corroborat, & Flatus discutit, Calculo sive Ne∣phritico maximè conducit. Dosis, in Vehiculis appropriatis, ad guttas sex. Externè egregium Anodynum est; in Podagra, & Chiragra, ex causa frigida, & omnibus doloribus

ex eadem, Spasmo, Convulsionibus, & Paralysi praevalebit, si Partes affectae inungantur cum eo, simpli∣citer, vel hac in mixturâ: ℞ Olei Anisi guttas triginta, Olei de Ben, vel Olivarum guttas quadraginta∣quinque; misce.

II. Oleum Caryophyllorum.

℞ Caryophyllorum grosso mo∣do tusorum libras duas, Aquae fontanae libras viginti, Cinerum clavellatorum uncias duas; in∣dantur in Vase figulino, & dige∣rantur in Infusione per dies se∣ptem: dein imponantur in Vesi∣cam, & distillentur cum Refrige∣ratorio serpentino, & habebis Olei uncias quatuor. Vel, distil∣lentur in Retortam vitream in Arena positam, leni Igne, sed tamen ad ebullitionem Materiae ad mediam partem. Oleum ab Aqua separetur. Aquam faecibus reaffunde, distilla ut ante; sic de∣nuo Olei copia prodit, quod ut ante separetur. Tertiò denuo re∣affunde, & procede ut ante, semper ad medietatem distillan∣do; sic omne prodit Oleum, Ca∣pite restante mortuo inutili.

Confert frigidis Ventriculi Mor∣bis, & Imbecillitati Hepatis, Cor∣dis, Cerebri, & Intestinorum, à causa frigida; Melancholiam dissi∣pat, & crassos Humores clarificat. Memoriam acuit, Lypothymias sol∣vit; imprimis vero, Apoplexiae, Paralysi, & Lethargo medetur. Stomachicum est egregium, Cor roborat, & Flatus discutit. Dosis, à guttis duabus ad sex, plusve, in Vehiculis appropriatis.

III. Oleum Cerae.

℞ Cerae flavae libram unam, fluat in Patella terrea, tunc ad∣misce Arenae cribratae libras duas, ab Igne remove, & per∣petua agitatione sinito refrige∣rari: antequam autem indure∣tur, formentur Globuli, dein in∣jiciantur Retortae vitreae, repone∣que ad distillandum in Arena, Igni secundi & tertii gradus, id∣que per horas duodecim. Sic primò prodibit Phlegma aquo∣sa; secundò, Oleum subtilius fluidum; tertiò, Oleum butyro∣sum. Singula Olea seorsim ex∣cipi queunt, si libitum fuerit. Re∣cipe Oleum hoc butyrosum, quan∣titatemque Arenae, ut satis est; misce; idque per Cucurbitam vitream ex Balneo Mariae recti∣fica, Igne lento, & exit Oleum liquidum, clarum, aurei coloris Phlegmati suo innatans, Arte ab eo separandum. Ex Cerae libra una, uncias duodecim Olei ex∣trahes.

Liquidum intra Corpus sumitur ad guttas sex, plusve; ad Conso∣lidationem partium Ruptarum, Dysenteriam, &c. Resolvit, atte∣nuat, penetrat, emollit, discutit; ac propterea utile est Apostematibus duris, & Tumoribus frigidis. Sanat Fissuras Papillarum in Mammis Mulierum, & Doloresearum miti∣gat. Vulnera eliam recentia conso∣lidat, si ea bis de die inungas. Confert & in Ambustis, Cicatri∣zans est summum, citissimè Ʋl∣cera Carne replet. Internè, Colicos dolores sedat, Flatus discutit, at∣tenuat, incidit. Pro insigno habetur Diuretico, est enim partium subti∣lium, & valdè penetrans. Buty∣raceum externè tantum usurpatur,

ad Defluxiones Brachiorum, Cru∣rium, Nodos, Paralysin, Arthriti∣dem, &c. calide eo partem in∣ungendo. Vim habet anodynam, & emollientiam; unde Tumoribus inservit leniendis.

IV. Oleum Baccarum Juniperi.

℞ Baccarum Juniperi grosso modo quassatarum libras decem, Salis communis uncias decem, Spiritus Salis cum Oleo Vitrioli praeparati uncias quinque, Aquae pluvialis libras bis-centum; in∣dantur in Vesicam, & digeran∣tur simul per decem, plusve dies: dein distillentur in Alembico serpentino Stanneis, aut cum Igne aperto, vel Arenâ; sed leni primò, & tamen ad ebulli∣tionem materiae ad mediam par∣tem. Oleum distillatum ab Aqua separa per Tritorium; Aquam faecibus denuô reaffunde, distilla iterùm; sic denuò Olei copia prodit, quod ut ante separa: cohobatur Aqua tertiò, semper ad medietatem distillando, ut supra.

Calefacit, emollit, discutit, aperit, mundificat, & consolidat; Cardiacum, Neuroticum, & Ne∣phriticum est, depurans massam Sanguineam, eamque à corruptione praeservans. A••que exteriùs loco veri Balsami usurpari potest, in omnibus Ʋlceribus cacoetheis, insa∣nabilibus, foetidis, Fracturis, Con∣tracturis, membris Refrigeratis, Paralyticis, & Convulsivis. Ne∣phriticis doloribus summopere con∣venit:

Ʋrinam & Menses movet: Obstructiones per universam San∣guinem tollit: Colico dolori mede∣tur: Arenas & Calculos pellit. Dosis, à guttis tribus ad decem.

V. Oleum Limonum & Aurantiarum.

Fiunt per distillationem ex Aurantiis & Limonibus putre∣scentibus, cum magna Aquae quantitate, in Vesica aenea, cum Alembico & Refrigeratorio ser∣pentino, secundum Artem.

Vires easdem habent cum Oleo Rosmarini & Lavendulae, atque Stomaohicum sunt, & Flatus dis∣cutiunt, Sudores movent & Men∣ses, attenuant & incidunt; diure∣ticum sunt, acre, & valdè pene∣trantes; sunt enim partium subti∣lium & penetrantium. Valent ad Convulsiones Nervorum, & alios ejusdem Affectus. Dosis, à guttis tribus ad decem.

VI. Oleum Macis per Expressionem.

℞ Macis, vel Nucum Moscha∣tarum quantum vis, contunde crassè, eásque ita contusas illiga arctè Panno lineo, eumque in Vase vitreato appende; quod de∣mittatur, seu demergatur in Ahe∣num ferventis Aquae, unde per∣calesiat Aroma; deinde Praelo subjectum fortiter exprime: nam hoc pacto copiosius emanat Oleum. Quidam Macem, vel Nu∣cem Moschatam crassum in Pul∣verem redigunt, & Aqua Vitae aspergunt, diu Balneo in longo Vase coquunt; setaceo excepta, Laminis calidis exprimunt.

Valet in Stranguria, & quicun∣que à Frigiditate ortum habuerint, Morbis. Calidae est facultatis, ideóque commodus ejus usus est in Colica à causa frigida, & Catar∣rho in Capite descendente: confor∣tat Cor, Ventriculum, & Matri∣cem; in Tremoribus Cordis, ex timore, aut ex Vesicae obstructione, aut Matricae, maximum auxilium praestat. Extrinsecùs, Lentis aut Pisae instar Ori Ventriculi inun∣ctum, mirificè ipsum corroborat; deglutitum mediocriter calefacit, & Anhelitum commendat, illitum Veneris tentiginem excitat; Sto∣machicis quoque frigidâ & humi∣dâ intemperie laborantibus condu∣cit. Dosis, à scrupla semis ad scruplam unam, vel semidra∣chmam. Haec Olea dico, in genere, esse, & substantiis suis, ad persa∣nandas Dysenterias, Lienterias, & Diarrhoeas, spectando qualitates roborantes, confortantes, & astrin∣gentes, plus praestare, quàm elicita per Aquam: His Oleis si debit am quantitatem Aquae affuderis, & distillaveris, vix quartam, ne di∣cam sextam partem Olei distillati colliges, residuo in fundo remanente: quod residuum, putà Oleum, vir∣tute suà adstringente & consi∣stentiâ priori magis solidum, multò efficacius experimur in Dys∣enteria, quàm illud quod cum Aqua exstillarat. Haee Olea insu∣per ob soliditatem, Basis sunt pro conficiendis omnis generis Balsamis, lege Artis distillatis, Oleis essentia∣libus pro specie Balsami dispen∣sandi: cumque his Balsama debi∣tam

recipiunt Consistentiam, nec rancida aut unctuosa evadunt; sed intra Corpus commodè, & citra nauseam assumi possunt.

VII. Oleum Philosophicum.

℞ Nitri purissimi uncias duas, inde in Crucibulo, quod repone in Ignem circularem, donec flu∣xerit instar Aquae; tum succes∣sivê injice frustulum Carbonis igniti, expectando, donec hoc sit consumptum, fietque magna effervescentia & strepitus; quo cessante, iterum injice frustulum simile, & sic continua, donec, non ampliùs fluat Nitrum, sed incrassatum, nec ampliùs accen∣datur; sed exiccatum colore vi∣ridi remaneat, quod fit spatio semihorae. Haec massa durissima, sicca, & virescente, rectè erit Nitrum fixatum & alcalisatum. Recipe Nitrum hoc fixatum, sol∣vatur in quantitate Aquae fer∣ventis, solutum filtretur, colatu∣ra evaporetur in Vitro evapo∣ratorio ad siccitatem usque; & relinquetur in fundo Sal acer∣rimum, scilicet Nitrum fixatum depuratum: Hoc Sal in Orbe vitreo, aut terreo vitreato, repo∣natur in locum frigidum & hu∣midum, ut in Cellam, & relin∣quatur tamdiu, donce per deli∣quium solutum fuerit in liquo∣rem limpidum: hic decantetur, & servetur ad usum; est enim Liquor Nitri sixi, sive Alcahest Glauberi.

Hic Liquor est Menstruum uni∣versale,

commune solvens, & ce∣leberrimum Alcalinum, in omni∣bus tribus solvendis Regnis, Ve∣getabili, Animali, & Minerali: immediatê regno Vegetabili & Animali, mediatè verò regno Minerali; ubi nempe Mineralia priùs à Menstruo acido in calcem sunt redacta. Imprimis tamen Vegetabilia resolvit, atque ita aperit, ut postea commodè, bene∣ficio Alcohol Vini, genuina Tinctu∣ra elici queat. Nempe, cùm omnia Sulphura concreverint bene∣ficio Acidi, Alcahest hoc, quod naturae alcalinae est, destruendo Acidum partes sulphureas recludit, atque ita vinculum eorum infrin∣git, ut partes integrae separari possint, aliis instrumentis. Super∣funditur rebus contusis vel con∣quassatis, Gummique pulverizatis, ut Pulvis bene madefiat, digeri∣turque per diem & noctem, Vase aperto, ad siccitatem usque: tum super affunditur Alcohol Vini, ad aliquot digitorum transversorum supereminentiam. Fiat iterum di∣gestio lenis per horas duas; sic Alcohol particulas resoluti corporis in se recipit, & nobis novas re∣rum Tincturas & Essentias offert. Tum sensim effunditur Tinctura: fitque iterum digestio super Mag∣matem per diem & noctem unam: atque iterum Alcohol Vini novum affunditur, & proceditur sicut an∣tea, donec tota Tinctura sit exhausta, & Alcohol Vini non ampliùs tin∣gitur. Aclahest recuperare. Mag∣mati affundatur Aqua pura, di∣geratur per noctem, postea filtre∣tur per Chartam, tumque eva∣poretur ad siccitatem usque: reli∣ctumque Alcahest reverberetur, reverberatum solvatur Aquâ purâ,

filtreturque per Chartam, & eva∣poretur ad siccitatem: hocque iterum solvatur per deliquium, sic recuperabitur Alcahest, eritque incorruptibile.

VIII. Oleum Rosmarini compositum.

Fit per distillationem ex Ros∣marini partibus tribus; Laven∣dulae, Salviae, Pulegii, ana, parte una, cum magna Aquae quanti∣tate, in Vesica aenea, cum Re∣frigeratorio suo serpentino, se∣cundum Artem; sic habebis Aqua & Oleum, quod separa: coho∣batur Aqua super Rosmarinum novum, distilletur, & separetur Oleum: iterum super Rosmari∣num novum, &c. cohobatur Aqua, distillaque ut supra, sem∣per ad medietatem; sic omne Oleum prodit, quod ab Aqua separetur, & reservetur ad usum.

Hoc Oleum penetrantissimum est & volatile; potenter resolvit, penetrat, aperit, & dissipat; unde infinitis Morbis, ut Pesti, Apople∣xiae, Epilepsiae, Lethargo, Scorbuto frigida ex causa, Colicae, Hemi∣cranio, Cephalaeae, Vertigini, Para∣lysi, Convulsionibus, Arthritidi, & aliis Morbis Neuroticis me∣detur. Lenit dolores Podagricos ab Humoribus frigidis exortos. Be∣zoardicum & Sudorificum est, Putredini resistit, habeturque pro magnorum Morborum remedio. Do∣sis, à guttis duabus ad sex vel septem.

IX. Oleum Succini.

℞ Fragmentorum Succini quantum vis, imponantur Re∣tortae terreae, & distillentur per

Arenam, sensim augendo Ignem, ad quartum usque gradum: sic prodit primò Phlegma, seu Spi∣ritus Succini; secundò, Oleum flavum; tertiò, Sal volatile; quartò, Palsamum crassum. Spi∣ritus & Oleum Infundibulo se∣parentur. Spiritus acidus per se rectificatur; at Oleum cum Cineribus clavellatis, vel Sa∣le communi. Rectificari potest etiam, super propriam Caput mortuum optimè calcinatum: sic triplex prodit Oleum; pri∣mò, aloum; secundò, flavum; tertiò, rubrum: singula seorsim excipiantur, Recipiente mutato.

Oleum Flavum (dixit Begui∣nus) Sacrum olim appellatum fuit, ob•…•…aires ejus eximias, quas cum per se, tum aliis mixtum praestat; ut in Epilepsia, Apoplexia, Melancholia, Spasmo, Vertigine, Paralysi, Peste, Calculo, Deflu∣xionibus Capitis frigidis, Cordis palpitationibus, Animi deliquiis, Iétero, difficultati Respirandi, Dysuriis, Partu difficili, Ʋteri strangulationibus, Mensium reten∣tionibus, fluore Matricis albo, Vermibus, &c. Sudores movet & Menstrua, calefacit & siccat, Ʋrinas pellit, Gonorrhoeam curat, & Specificum est in Lethargo, Naribus & Temporibus inunctum. Hoc tam internis quam externis usihus dicatum est. Externè Ar∣thritidae vagae, Paralytici, Apo∣plectici, & omnibus affectibus fri•…•…idis succurrit, si membra eo inungantur, addità sequenti mix∣turâ. ℞ Olei Succini dra∣chmas quatuor, Tincturae Casto∣rei drachmas tres, Camphorae drachmam unam & semis: misce. Olei Dosis, à guttis duabus

ad sedecim, & viginti. Salis volatilis, à granis quatuor ad quindecim; at potentiores vires habet.

X. Oleum Sulphuris.

℞ Campanam vitream ido∣neam, in superiori parte perfora∣tam (priusque madefactam Aquâ purâ;) accipe etiam Sulphuris vivi quantum vis, liquefiat in Olla terrea vitreata; liquefactum incendatur Prunâ candente, vel Ferro ignito, & Campanae ipsi supponatur. Sulphur deflagrans aliquoties Bacillo moveatur, ne in superficie crustam acquirat, quae flammam suffocaret. Sul∣phuri deficienti Sulphur recens infundatur liquefactum; & quò magis lata Ollae superficies est, eò melius operatio procedet. Haec operatio tamdiu continue∣tur, donec quantitate Spiritum, five Oleum nactus fueris. In summitate verò Campanae haeret Pulvisculus levissimus, qui di∣citur Flos Sulphuris. Facta est operatio cum Spiritu Nitri, vel Sale Nitri: qui processus videa∣tur apud Schroderum.

Vires easdcm cum Oleo Vitrioli possidet, nisi quod hoc non tam adstringens sit, & gratius etiam gustui. Ego etiam puto ommes Spiritus acidos in Mundo esse Spi∣ritum Vitrioli, sed aliter modifi∣catum; atque magis, Spiritus Sulphuris, propterea in se Sulphu∣ris magnam continet quantitatem Vitriolum. Prodest in Febribus ardentibus, Sitim extinguit, Hu∣morum putredini resistit, crassos & viscidos incidit, effervescen∣tiam Sanguinis mitigat. Insuper

Pulmonis & Thoracis affectibus convenit, Putrefactionem arcet, Vermes necat, Sudorem & Ʋri∣nam movet; Angini, Pleuritidi, Colicae, Tussi, Pesti, Morbisque contagiosis medetur. Statum Na∣turalem optimè conservat. Dici∣tur Helmontio facere ad longam Vitam, conservari Fermentum Ventriculi, Sanguinem depurare, & reddere incorruptibilem. Dosis, ad guttas viginti, plus-minus, in Vehiculo appropriato.

XI. Oleum Tartari per deliquium.

Oleum hoc fit per Deliquium, ponendo Tartarum ad albedi∣nem calcinatum in Cella vel alio loco humido, donec resolvatur in Oleum, quod postea filtran∣dum. Parari etiam potest, si Sal Tartari in Aqua dissolvatur & filtretur.

Potenter resolvit, attenuat, aperit; Ʋrinam & Calculum optimè pellit, Menses ciet, Acidum in Corpore Humano mortificat & destruit, Alvum laxat. Optimum est remedium in omnibus Serpigi∣nibus, Ʋlceribus, Tinea, Scabie, Verrucis, &c. praecipuè si mix∣tum cum Floribus Sulphuris & quantitate Cinnabaris proportio∣nali. Vim habet diaphoreticam, sive sudorificam; unde usus in Febribus malignis, Peste, morbis Ʋteri & Renum, Melancholi∣cis, &c. Massam depurat Sangui∣neam, eamque à corruptione prae∣servat, reseratque Obstructiones internas; conducitque Scorbuto, Epilepsiae, Apoplexiae, Scrophulae,

aliisque sexcentis Morbis ab Aci∣do oriundis. Dosis, à dra∣chma una ad duas, plus mi∣nusve.

XII. Oleum Terebinthinae.

℞ Terebinthinae communis quantum vis, vel libras duas; distilla illam ex Cucurbita vi∣trea humiliori, in Arena, donec incipiat strepere, tum desiste, & Liquorem duplicem in Reci∣piente contentum serva ad usum: qui in fundo haeret, est Spiritus acidus vel Phlegma; qui verò huic innatat, Oleum Terebin∣thinae album dicitur. Vel sic: ℞ Terebinthinae quantum vis, deinde in Vesicam aeneam, cum Refrigeratorio, Aqua propemo∣dum repletam: distilla; sic elicitur Spiritus, qui Aqua inna∣tabit, & per Balneam Mariae rectificari poterit, aut repetitis distillationibus, instar Spiritus Vini exaltari: ex libris tribus Terebinthinae accipies uncias octo. Vel. sic: ℞ Terebinthinae quantum vis, distilla eam per se, lenissimo Balnei vapore, ob∣structis probè omnibus forami∣nibus: exsudabit Oleum, seu Spiritus longè subtilissimus, ut∣pote qui in manu exhaltare possit. Ex una libra Tere∣binthinae vix unciam unam ac∣cipies. Reliquum auctiori Igne distillatur ad usus vulgares.

Eximium Remedium in Gonor∣rhaea, insigneque Diureticum est. Tussim & Phthisin curat, Venenis pestilentialibus resistit, Ʋrinam provocat, Calculum & Arenas pellit, Stranguriam, & Ʋlcera Vesicae sanat; Nerv••sas partes

aperit & confortat. Sanguinem coagulatum dissolvit, Ʋterum pu∣rificat, ac propterea suffocationi Matricis valdè utilis est. Ex∣trinsecus in Paralysi, Doloribus à causa frigida, Convulsionibus Ner∣vorum, & Contusionibus maxi∣mus ejus usus, & Balsami veri vires aemulatur. Dosis, à guttis octo ad viginti.

XIII. Oleum & Spiritus Vitrioli.

℞ Vitrioli Hungarici vel An∣glici libras quinque, imponatur Ollae in medio Igne ad calci∣nandum; viz. donec omnis humiditas abscedat, & Olla in∣ferius pene candefacta est, Vi∣triolumque vapores ferè nullos ampliùs emittit, sed flavi appa∣rebit coloris, vel ad albedinem. Vase vel Ollâ refrigerato, fra∣ctâque, eximatur Vitriolum, (quod erit tres circiter li∣brae) & pulverizetur: pulveri∣zatum deinde Retortae impona∣tur, huic operationi convenien∣ti, apposito magno Recipiente, quò majus, cô melius, lutatis optimè juncturis; & Igne nu∣do, primò leni, donec vapores albi appareant; ita enim exu∣dat portio Phlegmatica cum Spiritu volatiii Vitrioli. Ignem successivè auge, quousque Retor∣ta probè candere incipiat: sic enim transit Spiritus Vitrioli acidus. Tandem Ignem urge ad summam violentiam, & incan∣descentiam usque; sic enim transibit in Vas recipiens Oleum Vitrioli rubicundum, corrosivum∣que valde. Ignem verò per horas viginti quataor isto tenore fove

ad ultimam Liquoris egressio∣nem, (dicitur autem singula Vitrioli libra, horam tantum unam requiret:) & obtinebis, si benè operatum fuerit, libra Olei una, vel plus, valdeque fortis, secundum Vitrioli boni∣tatem; quod in usum repone. Omnibus refrigeratis, quodeun∣que distillatum est, in Cucurbi∣tam altam, vel Phialam longio∣ris colli conjice, & Igne lenissi∣mo, Spiritum volatilem Vitrioli collige; reliquum Retortae vi∣treae committatur, & Phlegma mediocri Igne auferatur; quod subsequitur, Spiritus Vitrioli aci∣dus: remanente in fundo Oleo Vitrioli acerrimo, valdeque pon∣deroso.

Spiritus volatilis & sulphu∣reus Vitrioli, Epilepsiae, Apople∣xiae, Paralysi, & omnibus subita∣neis Affectibus medetur, qui ex Spirituum suffocatione proveniunt. Refrigerat, adstringit, Phlegma tenacium incidit, Appetitum pro∣stratum instaurat, obstructiones Mensium & Mesenterii faeliciter resolvit, praecipuè si hoc Menstruo, Elixir Proprietatis elaboratum fuerit. Stomachum roborat, valet ad extinguendos Ardores febriles, & summum est Aperiens, si cum Julapiis, Claretis, similibus∣que Vehiculis frequenter exhibetur. Dosis, ad gutras quindecim, plus∣minusve.

Oleum virtutes easdem habet, Sitim extinguit, Humorum putre∣dini

resistit, & per Ʋrinas & Poros cutaneos operatur; Phle∣gma consumit, crassos & viscosos Humores incidit, languentem Ap∣petitum excitat. Inservit etiam parando Sulphuri narcotico Vitrio∣li, & etiam distillando Spiritui Salis Glauberiano, & elaborandis Chymicorum multis Arcanis; fixat omnia Volatilia, Sulphura Mi∣neralium & Metallorum extrahit, omnia Salia volatilia retinet, & à faga cohibet; Metallaque cor∣rodit. Aperit, & Putredini re∣sistit, Febres extinguit, Vomi∣tum extergit, omnibusque Morbis calidis, Febribus malignis & con∣tagiosis, Pesti, & Affectibus pe∣stilentialibus medetur. Causticum est, & Catheraeticum insigne in Ʋlceribus; quia momento Pu∣trefactionem destruit. Dosis, à guttis duabus ad sex, vel de∣cem, plus-minus, in Vehiculo ad∣apto.

CHAP. LX. Of OILS Distilled.

I. Oil of Aniseeds.

℞ ANiseeds, which bruise, lbx. fair Water lblxxx. com∣mon Salt lbj. Pot-ashes lbss. di∣gest in a warm place for nine days; and then distill in a copper Vesica with its Worm; after which sepa∣rate the Oil from the Water.

It strengthens the Bowels in the Colick, discusses Wind, and is prevalent against the Stone, or pain in the Reins. Dose, in some proper Vehicle, ad gut. vj. Out∣wardly, it is an excellent Ano∣dyn; anoint with it in the Gout

of the Hands and Feet, proceed∣ing from a cold cause, and in all other Pains arising from the same reason; in Cramps, Convulsions, and Palsies, it is of great use. You may use it either by it self, or in this Mixture. ℞ Oil of Aniseeds, gut. xxx. Oil of Ben, gut. xlv. mix them.

2. Oil of Cloves.

℞ Cloves grossly bruised lbij. fair Water lbxx. Pot-ashes ℥ij. put them into an earthen Vessel, and digest by Infusion for seven days; then put them into a Vesica, and distil with a Worm; so will you have ℥ iv. of Oil. Or, you may distil in a glass Retort in Sand, with a gentle Fire; but so that the Matters may boil, drawing off one half part. Separate the Oil from the Water. Cohobate the Wa∣ter upon the Faeces, and distil as before; so will much Oil come forth: again cohobate the third time, and distil as before; always drawing off the one half by which means you will obtain all the Oil, an unprofitable Caput mortuum only remaining behind.

It is good against cold Dis∣eases of the Stomach, and Weak∣ness of the Liver, Heart, Brain, and Bowels, arising from a cold cause; it dissipates Melancholy, and purifies gross Humors. It sharpens the Memory, and is good against Swooning-sits, but principally against the Apo∣plexy, Palsey, and Lethargy. It is a most famous Stomatick, com∣forts the Heart, and discusses Wind. Dose, à gut. ij, ad vj. or more, in some fit Vehicle.

3. Oil of Wax.

℞ Yellow Wax lbj. melt it in an earthen Pan, then mix with it sifted Sand lbij. remove it from the Fire, and stir it conti∣nually till it is cold: but before it is grown hard, make it up into little Balls, which put into a glass Retort, and distil in Sand with a Fire of the second and third degree, and that for the space of twelve hours: So will you have, first, a watery Phlegm; secondly, a fluid subtil Oil; thirdly, a butter-like Oil. The Oils may be taken each by themselves, if you so please. Take the butter-like Oil, and a sufficient quantity of Sand; mix them; and then rectifie by a glass Cucurbit in B.M. with a gentle Fire; so will the Oil come forth liquid, clear, and of a golden colour. Sepa∣rate it from its Phlegm according to Art. Thus will you have from lbj. of Wax, about ℥ xij. of Oil.

The liquid Oil is taken in∣wardly, to vj. drops, or more; for the healing of Carnosities, Ruptures of the Vessels, Bloody-fluxes, &c. It resolves, attenuates, penetrates, softens, and dis∣cusses; and therefore is of good use in hard Apostems and cold Tumors. It heals Fissures or Chaps in the Nipples of Womens Breasts, and eases their Pain. It heals also green Wounds, if they be anointed with it twice a day. It is good against Burnings, and is the principal of all Cicatri∣zers; and quickly fills Ulcers with Flesh. Inwardly, it eases the pain of the Colick, discusses Wind, attenuates, and incides. It is a

famous Diuretick; for it con∣sists of subtil parts, and is very penetrating. The butter-like Oil is only for external use, and is good against Defluxions of Hu∣mors upon the Arms and Legs, Nodes, Palsies, Gouts, &c. being anointed warm upon the Part. It has an anodyn and emollient virtue and power, for which reason, it is of good use to soften hard Tumors.

4. Oil of Juniper Berries.

℞ Juniper-berries grossly bruised lbx. common Salt ℥x. Spirit of Salt made with Oil of Vitriol ℥v. Rain-water xxv gallons: put all into a copper Vesica or Body, and digest for ten days or more; then distil in an Alembick with its pewter Worm, either with a naked Fire, or Sand∣heat; which at first let be very gentle, but afterwards augment the Fire to a boiling heat, distilling off the one half; separate the Oil from the Water by a Separating∣vessel: the Water cohobate again upon the faeces, and distil again; so will you have more Oil, which separate as before; and again re∣peat this work the third time as before; always distilling till the one half of the Liquor is drawn off.

It warms, softens, discusses, opens, cleanses, and heals; is Cordial, Neurotick, and Nephri∣tick, purifying the mass of Blood, and preserving it from corruption. And outwardly it may be used in place of the true Balsam, in all foetid and ma∣lign Ulcers, and such as are difficult to cure, in Fractures, Contractures, Benummed mem∣bers, Palsies, and Convulsions.

It is profitable in Nephritick pains after an admirable man∣ner: it provokes Urine and the Terms: removes Obstructions through the whole mass of Blood: cures the Colick: and expels Gravel and Stone. Dose, à gutt. iij, ad x.

5. Oil of Limons and Oranges.

They are made by distillation, from Oranges and Limons putrified, adding a great quantity of Water, in a copper Vesica, with its Alem∣bick and Worm, according to Art.

They have the same virtues with Oil of Rosemary and La∣vender, are Stomatick, and dis∣cuss Wind, provoke Sweat and the Terms, attenuate and incide: they are diuretick, pungent, and very penetrating; because they are of subtil and penetrating parts. They are good against Convulsions of the Nerves, and other Affects of the same. Dose is, à gut. iij, ad x.

6. Oil of Mace by Expression.

℞ Mace or Nutmegs, as much as you please, bruise them grossly, and tie them up firmly in a linen Cloth; hanging it in a glazed Ves∣sel, which let down, or sink into a copper Vessel of boiling Water, whereby the Spice may be made throughly hot; then putting the matter into a Press, and pressing strongly out, you will have a good quantity of Oil. Some reduce the Mace or Nutmegs into a gross Pou∣der, which they sprinkle with Aqua Vitae, then boil them in a long Vessel in Balneo, for a good while; after which they take them forth, and whilst hot, press forth the Oil in a Press, between hot Plates full of holes.

It is good against the Strangu∣ry, and all Diseases which arise from Cold. It is of a hot nature, and therefore is of good use in the Colick from a cold cause, as also in a Catarrh falling from the Head: it comforts the Heart, Stomach, and Womb; and gives great relief in a Palpitation or Trembling of the Heart, coming from fear, or from obstructions of the Bladder or Womb. Out∣wardly, the quantity of a Lentil or Pease, being anointed upon the Mouth of the Stomach, won∣derfully strengthens it; and in∣wardly taken, it warms, and is good against shortness of Breath; anointed on the Yard, it stimu∣lates Venus, or excites Lust; it is good for a Stomach afflicted with cold and moist Humors. Dose, à ℈ ss. ad ℈ j. or ʒ ss. These Oils, considering their strengthning, confortative, and astringent qua∣lities according to their kind, are in their own substances more powerful, than those which are drawn with Water by Distillati∣on, for the cure of the Dysentery, Lientery, and Diarrhoea. If to these Oils, a fit quantity of Water is put, and then they be distilled, you will scarcely get a quarter part (I say not a sixth part) of the distilled Oil, the rest remaining in the bottom: which residence, to wit, of Oil, being of a more astringent virtue, and more solid consistence than the former, we have found experimentally to be more efficacious in the Bloody-flux, than that which is distilled with Water. Moreover, these Oils made by Expression, by reason of their solid consistency, are the Ba∣sis,

for making all sorts of Balsams; by dispensing Essential distilled Oils, (by the Rule of Art) accord∣ing to the species or kind of the Balsam. And by the mixture of these Oils, Balsams obtain their just Consistency, and neither grow rank or greasy; but may be given inwardly into the Body, with pleasure, and without the least nauseousness.

7. The Philosophick Oil.

℞ Fine Nitre ℥ij. put it into a Crucible, which place in a cir∣culary Fire, 'till it runs thin like Water; then successively cast in live pieces of Charcoal, which will make a great effervescency and noise, which ceasing, put in more pieces of Charcoal in like manner, and so continue 'till it will flow no more, but grow thick and fixed, and ceases to be kindled, and being hardned becomes of a greenish colour; which will be done in about half an hours time. This hard mass, dry, and of a greenish colour, is truly a fixed and alcalizate Nitre. Take this fixed Nitre, dis∣solve it in a sufficient quantity of boiling Water, filter the solution, which evaporate away in a proper glass Vessel to dryness; and in the bottom you will have a very sharp Salt, to wit, a depurated fixed Nitre: Put this Salt into a glass Vessel, or an earthen one glaz'd; set it in a cold and moist place, as a Cellar, leaving it so long there, 'till it melts and runs into a thin clear liquor: this decant, and keep for use, as the Liquor of fixed Nitre, or Glauber's Alcahest.

This Liquor is an universal

Menstruum, a common dissolvent, and most celebrated Alcali, in dissolving all things in the Vege∣table, Animal, and Mineral Kingdoms: immediately, in the Vegetable and Animal kingdom, but mediately in the Mineral; where namely in the Mineral the matter is first thro' the help of an acid Menstruum reduced to a calx. First then, it resolves, and so opens Vegetables, as after∣wards with ease, the genuine Tinctures may be drawn forth by the help of the Alcohol of Wine, which is of an alcaline nature, and destroys the Acid which shuts up the sulphureous parts; and so breaks its chains, as to make a perfect separation of the parts, without any other help. It is put upon things bruised, and Gums poudred, so as to make them through moist, and digested for 24 hours in an open Vessel, even to dryness; upon which is affused the Alco∣hol of S.V. so much as to overtop it some inches: make again a gentle digestion for 2 hours: so will the S.V. extract into it self the particles of the dissolved body, and give us a new Tincture and Essence of the matter. Then gently pour off the Tincture, and make another digestion upon the faeces for 24 hours: decant, and affuse new S.V. and digest again as before, 'till all the Tin∣cture is drawn forth, and the Al∣cohol of the Wine will be no longer tinged. To restore, or reco∣ver the Alcahest. To the magma or faeces put fair Water, digest for a night, filter thro' brown Paper, and evaporate to dryness:

the Salt remaining, reverberate, and dissolve again in fair Water; filter again thro' Paper, and eva∣porate to driness, as before; and then let it dissolve per deliquium, so will the Alcahest be recovered or restored, and be incorruptible.

8. Oil of Rosemary compound.

It is made by distillation, from fresh Rosemary three parts; Lavender, Sage, Peniroyal, ana one part; with a sufficient quantity of fair Water, in a copper Still or Alembick, with its Refrigeratory and Worm, according to Art; so have you Water and Oil, which separate: cohobate the Water upon new Rose∣mary, &c. distill, and separate the Oil; and again cohobate the same Water upon other fresh Rose∣mary, distilling as before; (always to the one half) so will all the Oil come forth; which separate, and keep for use.

This is a very penetrating and volatil Oil; it powerfully re∣solves, penetrates, opens, and dissipates; by which means, al∣most infinite Diseases are cured; as the Plague, Apoplexy, Epi∣lepsy, Lethargy, Scurvy from a cold cause, Colick, Megrim, old Head-ach, Vertigo, Palsy, Con∣vulsions, Gouts, and other Dis∣eases of the Nerves: it eases Gout-pains, arising from cold Hu∣mors. It resists Putrefaction and Poison, and is Sudorifick, and is truly a remedy, even for great Diseases. Dose, à gut. ij, ad vj. vel vij.

9. Oil of Amber.

℞ Pieces of Amber, as much as you please, put them into an earthen Retort, and distil in Sand, leisurely

leisurely augmenting the Fire, even to the fourth degree: so will you have first a Phlegm, or Spirit of Amber; then, a yellow Oil; after that, a volatil Salt; and lastly, a thick Balsam. Let the Spirit and Oil be separated with a Fun∣nel. Rectifie, the acid Spirit by it self, but the Oil with Pot-ashes or common Salt. It may also be rectified upon its own proper Caput mortuum, being first well calcined: so will you have, first, a white Oil; then, a yellow; lastly, a red: which take apart, by changing the Receiver, and keep by them∣selves.

This Yellow Oil, saith Beguinus, was accounted of old as a thing Sacred, because of its extraordi∣nary virtues (whether given by it self, or mixed with other things) in the cure of the Fal∣ling-sickness, Apoplexy, Melan∣choly, Convulsions, Vertigo, Palsy, Plague, Stone, cold Ca∣tarrhs, palpitation of the Heart, Swooning, Jaundies, difficulty of Breathing, Dysury, hard La∣bor, Hysterick-fits, stoppage of the Courses, Whites, killing Worms, &c. It provokes Sweat and the Terms, heats and drys, expels Urine, cures a Gonorrhoea, and is a Specifick in the Le∣thargy, being anointed upon the Nostrils and Temples. And is used both internally and exter∣nally. Outwardly it is good against the running Gout, the Palsy, Apoplexy, and all affects from a cold cause, if the parts affected be anointed therewith thus commixed: ℞ Oil of Amber ʒiv. Tincture of Castor ʒ iij. Cam∣phir ʒ j ss. mix them. The Oil is

given à gut. ij, ad xvj. & xx. The volatil Salt à gr. iv, ad xv. having the same virtues, but more powerful than the Oil.

10. Oil of Sulphur.

℞ A Glass-Bell, of a fit shape and bigness, having a hole or passage quite through the upper parts moisten it before-hand with fair Water; then take Sulphur vive q.v. melt it in a glazed earthen Pot or Pan; then set it on fire with a live Charcoal, or a red∣hot Iron, putting it directly under the Bell: the deflagrating Sul∣phur often stir about with an iron Rod, lest it gets a crusty substance on its top, which may put out the flame. The matter being consumed, put on more melted Sulphur; the broader the mouth of the Pan, the better will the operation be done; which is so long to be continued, till you have gor∣ten a sufficient quantity of Spirit or Oil. In the top of the Bell you will have a very light Pouder, which is called Flos Sulphuris, The operation is sometimes done with Spirit of Nitre, or Sal-Nitre; the process whereof you may see in Schroder.

It has the same virtues with Oil of Vitriol, saving that this is not full out so adstringent, and of a more grateful taste. But truly I think all acid Spirits in the World to be Spirit of Vitriol, but after a different manner; or rather a Spirit of Sulphur, because Vitriol con∣tains in it self a great quantity of Sulphur. It is good in burn∣ing Fevers, quenches Thirst, resists Putrifaction, cuts thick and viscous Humors, and allays

the boiling or effervescency of the Blood. It is of excellent use in affects of the Brest and Lungs, taking away the putrid matter; it kills Worms, and provokes Sweat and Urine. It cures the Quinsy, Pleurisy, Colick, Cough, Plague, and other contagious Diseases. It conserves the Natural state of the Body; and is ac∣counted by Helmont to be good for the prolongation of Life, to uphold the Ferment of the Sto∣mach, to purifie the Blood, and make it incorruptible. Dose, ad gut. xx. more or less, in a proper Vehicle.

11. Oil of Tartar, made by melting or dripping.

This Oil is made by melting or dripping, putting the Tartar (calcined to whiteness) into a Cellar, or other moist place, till it resolves it self into an Oil, which is afterwards to be filtrated. It is also made by dissolving Salt of Tartar in Water, and then filtring that Water.

It powerfully resolves, attenu∣ates and opens, and admirably brings forth both Urine and Stone, provokes the Terms, ab∣sorbs and overturns the Acid in Man's Body, and loosens the Bow∣els. It is a most excellent Reme∣dy against Ring-worms, Ulcers, Scald-heads, Scabs, Warts, &c. especially if it be mixt with Flowers of Sulphur, and a pro∣portional quantity of Cinnabar. It causes Sweat, for which reason it is of use in malign Fevers, the Plague, Diseases of the Womb and Reins, Melancholy, &c. It pu∣rifies the Mass of Blood, and pre∣serves it from corruption, opens internal Obstructions, and pre∣vails

against the Scurvy, Falling∣sickness, Apoplexy, Kings-Evil, and multitudes of other Diseases arising from acid Humors. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ij. more or less, as reason requires.

12. Oil of Turpentine.

℞ Common Turpentine, q.v. or lbij. distil it from a low glass Cucurbit in Sand, till it be∣gins to make a noise, then cease; so will you have a twofold Li∣quor in the Recipient, which keep for use: what falls to the bottom, is the acid Spirit, or Phlegm; but that which swims, is said to be the white Oil of Turpentine. Or thus: ℞ Turpentine q.v. put it into a copper Vesica, with its Refrigeratory, nearly filled with Water: distil; so will you have a Spirit, which will swim on the Water, and may be rectified in B.M. or by repeating the di∣stillation, will be subtiliz'd like S.V. from lbiij. of Turpentine, you will have ℥ viij. Or thus: ℞ Turpentine q.v. distil it per se, with the gentle heat of a vaporous Bath, luting well the joints: so will you have a Spirit or Oil, so wonderfully subtil, that put in the palm of ones hand, it may fly away. From lbj. of Turpentine, you will scarcely have ℥ j. of this Oil or Spirit. Distil the remainder, by augmenting the Fire; so will you have the com∣mon Oil, for vulgar uses.

It is a famous Remedy against a Gonorrhoea, and a singular Diu∣retick. It cures the Cough and Phthisick, and resists pestisential Poison, provokes Urine, and expels Stone and Gravel, helps the Strangury, and heals Ulcers

the Bladder. It opens Obstructi∣ons of the Nerves, and com∣forts them; dissolves coagulated Blood, purifies the Womb, and for that reason is of great force in the cure of Hysterick-fits. Outwardly, it is very powerful against the Palsy, Pains from a cold cause, Bruises and Convul∣sions of the Nerves; and is not inferior in virtues to true natu∣ral Balsam. Dose, à gut. viij, ad xx.

13. Oil and Spirit of Vitriol.

℞ Hungarian or English Vi∣triol lbv. put it into a Pot in the middle of the Fire, to be calcined; viz. so long till all its humidity is wasted, and the Pot below is almost red-hot; the Vi∣triol in a manner sending forth no more vapers, but appearing of a yellow colour, or inclining to white∣ness. The Vessel or Pot being cooled, break it, and take forth the Vitriol, (which will be about lbiij.) and pouder it; which then put into a Retort proper for this operation, and fit thereto a large Receiver, which the larger it is, the better it is; lute well the juncture, and distil with a naked Fire, first gently, till the vapors appear white; for so a part of the Phlegm, with the volatil Spi∣rit of the Vitriol comes forth. Increase the Fire gradually, till the Retort begins to be red-hot; and so will you have the acid Spirit of Vitriol. At length, aug∣ment the Fire to the greatest de∣gree, even to the highest red-hot heat; so will you have in the Receiver a red Oil of Vitriol, and most vehemently corrosive. Keep the Fire in this state or height for

24 hours, till all the liquor or moisture is come forth, (but some say, that every pound of Vitriol requires but one hour:) so will you have at length, if you have operated well, lbj. of Oil, or some∣thing more, but exceeding strong, according to the goodness of the Vitriol; which keep for use. The Fire being gone out, and every thing cooled, take that which is distilled, and put it into a high Cucurbit, or a Bolt-head with a long neck, and with a very gentle Fire draw forth the volatil Spirit of Vitriol; what remains put into a Glass, or glazed Retort, and with a gentle Fire bring forth the Phlegm; what follows after, is the acid Spirit of Vitriol: and there will remain in the bottom, the most sharp and corrosive Oil of Vitriol, and exceeding weighty.

The volatil Spirit of Vitriol, which is of a sulphurcous na∣ture, is good for the curing of the Falling-sickness, Apoplexy, Palsy, and all sudden or un∣lookt-for Affects, which come from a suffocation of the Spirits. It cools and astringes, and cuts tough Phlegm, restores a decayed Appetite, happily resolves ob∣structions of the Womb and Mesentery; more especially, if an Elixir Proprietatis be prepa∣red with this Spirit as a Men∣struum. It strengthens the Sto∣mach, quenches febrile Heats, and is one of the greatest Ape∣ritives; if it be frequently given with some proper Juleb, Claret, or other like Vehicle. Dose, ad gut. xv. more or less.

The Oil has the same virtues; it quenches Thirst, resists the

putrifaction of Humors, and works by Urine and the Pores of the skin; it consumes Phlegm, cuts tough and viscous Humors, and stirs up a weak Appetite. It is also of use in preparing the narcotick Sulphur of Vi∣triol, and in distilling of Glau∣ber's Spirit of Salt, as also for the elaborating of many Chymi∣cal Arcanums; it fixes all sorts of Volatils, extracts the Sul∣phurs of Minerals and Metals, fixes all volatil Salts, keeping them from flying away; and corrodes Metals. It opens, and resists Putrifaction, extinguishes Fevers, stops Vomiting, and cures all hot Diseases, ma∣lign and contagious Fevers, the Plague, and pestilential Distem∣pers. It is caustick, and a nota∣ble Catheretick in Ulcers; be∣cause in a moment it destroys the Putrifaction. Dose, à gut. ij, ad vj, aut x. more or less, in some proper Vehicle.

CHAP. LXI. De BALSAMIS.

I. Balsamum Antimonii, Viri peritissimi D. Tho. Gardneri, Chirurgi Regii Primarii.

℞ ANtimonii mineralis, Tar∣tari Rhenensis, Nitri crystallizati, ana partes aequa∣les, pulverizentur & miscentur; mixtura cochleatim indatur in Crucibulo magno, vel in Olla

ferrea; posteà Igne fortissimo probè liquatur massa: dein in Mortario calido immediatè pulverizatur: Pulverem pone in vitri Cucurbito collo longo, cui addatur Oleum Terebinthi∣nae ad eminentiam trium vel quatuor digitorum, & in Arena lento Igne digere, quousque Oleum summam contraxerit ru∣bedinem; Tinctura decanta, novum Oleum affunde ut prius; illudque continua quousque Tin∣cturae totum obtinuisti. Illas verò confundito, & ad me∣dietatem, vel Syrupi consisten∣tiam evaporato, vel in Retor∣ta per distillationem abstraha∣tur.

Medicamentum est quod poten∣ter per diuraesin educit Tartarum Sanguinis, & efficaciter à Reni∣bus Arenas & Calculos expellit. In Hydrope, Podagra, Scrofula, obstructionibus Mensium, specifice exhibetur. Dosis, à scrupla se∣mis ad drachmam semis, plus∣minus, in Vehiculo appropriato. Externè in omnibus Affectibus frigidis summopere convenit; Po∣dagricis doloribus succurrit, si ad drachmas duas Camphorae scruplus unus permisceatur, & loco affecto sub linteo applicetur. Putredini & corruptioni potenter resistit; valetque in Ʋlceribus malignis & inveteratis, in Paralysi & Gan∣grena, si linteamina in hoc Balsa∣mo madefacta, & madida impo∣nuntur partibus affectis.

II. Balsamum Salis Tartari.

℞ Salis Tartari siccissimi & purissimi unciam unam, Spiritus Aceti uncias quatuor; misce, & distilla ex Arena per Retortam vitream ad siccitatem usque: Li∣quor omnis quod prodibit, erit insipidus, Aquae instar, quia re∣linquetur in fundo cum Sale Tartari omne Aceti acidum. Re∣tortâ & Fornace refrigeratis, affunde iterum Spiritus Aceti uncias quatuor, iterumque distilla ad siecitatem usque, & iterum prodibit Spiritus Aceti sub Aquae forma. Continua hanc distilla∣tionem tamdiu, (semper affun∣dendo novum Spiritum) donec tandem Spiritus Aceti prodeat acidus, talis, qualis fuit affusus: tum e••im significatur Sal Tar∣tari sufficienti quantitate Aceti acidi impr•…•…gnatum, atque sa∣turacum. Materiam hanc solve denuò cum Alcohol Vini, filtra per Chartam emporeticam, & Alcohol Vini abstrahe ad sicci∣tatem: sic relinquetur in fundo, massa pinguis vel unctuosa, Bu∣tyri vel Balsami instar, & saepè repraesentans multa quasi folia, unde fortè nomen, Terra Tar∣tari Foliata.

Est insigne Digestivum in Hu∣moribus crassis attenuandis & incidendis. Ʋtiliter Potiunculis purgantibus additur pro stimulo, & corrigente. Multis inservit pro Menstruo universali, & Arcano∣rum Clave Chymicorum. Sumitur intra Corpus a scruplam semis ad ad scruplam unam, in aliquo liquore, ad obstructiones Visce∣rum.

III. Balsamum Camphorae.

℞ Olei Seminum Anisi uncias

quatuor, Camphorae uncias tres, Spermatis Ceti albi unciam u∣nam; misce, & stent in dige∣stione septem dies; tunc co∣quantur simul in Vase vitrea, leni Igne, donec ingredientiae perfectae dissolvantur; deinde reponatur Balsamum ad usum.

Internè sumptum, Calculum pellit, Flatus discutit, Colicos dolores sedat; partium enim est subtilium, & vim habet Anody∣nam, Obstructiones internas rese∣rat, & Sudorem ciet. Externè in omnibus Affectibus frigidis ad∣hibetur, ut in Haemicrania, do∣lores Capitis & Aurium, & in Ischiade, Arthritide vaga, si pars affecta eo illinatur mane & ve∣speri. Vulnera recentia citissimè curat, si parva Cerae quantita∣te in formam Ʋnguenti reduca∣tur.

IV. Balsamum Sulphuris Rulandi.

℞ Florum Sulphuris uncias tres, Oleum Nucum Juglandi libram unam & semis, Vini ge∣nerosi uncias sex; digerantur simul in Aqua calida, saepius agitando ingredientias, & post∣modum coquantur simul ad so∣lutionem Sulphuris: sic habes Balsamum Diasulphuris Rulandi.

Vermes necat, & valet in Peste, & morbis Pulmonum, ut Tussi, Asthmate, Phthisi, & Mor∣bis malignis. Dosis, a gurtis de∣cem ad triginta. Externè Ano∣dynum est; convenit Ʋlceribus & Inflammationibus repellendis, Fi∣•…•…ulis in Ano, Haemorrhoidibus, Arthritidi, &c.

V. Balsamum Sulphuris commune.

℞ Florum vel Lactis Sulphu∣ris uncias duas, Olei Terebin∣thinae uncias octo; coquantur simul in Vase vitrea in Arena, per horas circiter duas, (spatio octo horarum dixit Beguinus) ut sanguineo rubicundo colore tingatur Oleum, & solvatur Flores Sulphuris. Vel sic: ℞ Flo∣res Sulphuris uncias duas, Salis Tartari unciam unam; pulveri∣zentur optimè seorsim, dein misce, & liquefiat in Olla ter∣rea vitreata, donec obscurè rubri evadant coloris, Hepati similis, unde Sulphuris Hepar dicitur; adde Aquae communis unciam unam; coque Igne sat vehementi ad consumptionem humiditatis, (quo nigrior ap∣pareat massa, eò melior) tunc effunde, ut frigefieri queat; frigefacta pulveriza, huic su∣perfunde Oleum Terebinthinae uncias decem, coquantur si∣mul, &c. ut supra.

Pulmonicum & Thoracicum est; in Phthisi, Tussi, Asthmate, Icte∣ro, caeterisque Pulmonum Vitiis, summi usus: Vermes necat & pellit, & leniter Alvum solvit. Dosis, à guttis tribus ad viginti. Hoc ad Ʋlcera maligna sananda utilissimum est; siccat enim exi∣mie sine morsu, & roborat. Ano∣dynum est insigne, maturativum ac digestivum in Vulneribus par∣tium nervosarum. Tartar in Ve∣sica caeterisque partibus atterit; Penisque doloribus, excoriationi, & Ʋrinae suppressae medetur. Au∣ribus inditum, dolores earundem

tollit. Tussim & Catarrham in∣veteratam, Syrupo Meconii vel Glycyrrhizae assumptum, elimi∣nat.

Eodemque modo Balsamum Sulphuris cum Oleis Anisi, Juni∣peri, Limonum, Rosmarini, Suc∣cini, &c. factum est.

VI. Balsamum Saturni.

℞ Saccharum Saturni unciam unam, Oleum Anisi, vel bacca∣rum Jumperi, uncias tres; mi∣sce, & stent in digestione per septem dies, donec Oleum rubi∣cundissimo colore tingatur, & Saccharum totaliter solutum sit: ubi solutum, aliud Saccharum adde, quousque solvere nolit ulterius; deinde addantur Cam∣phorae drachmae quatuor, ut in eo solvatur.

Mira praestat in Podagra ca∣lida & Inflammationibus, & sta∣tim sedat omnem dolorem in quacunque Corporis parte, si lin∣teolum eo madefactum superpo∣natur. Insuper medetur suffusioni∣bus, & rubedini oculorum ab acri Catarrho exortis. Convenit Ʋlce∣ribus inveteratis, nec-non Tumo∣ribus; unde egregii usus in Chir∣urgia. Praestans est Remedium in inflammationibus Renum, & Contusionibus; curat Vulnera, ea∣demque ab accidenti praeservat, praecipuè si addatur Camphora. Succurrit etiam in Morphaeis, Cancro, & Fistulis, si in Fistulis guttula una vel altera in cavi∣tatem instillatur. Si Fistula oria∣tur in cantho Oculi, (post exhi∣bita mundificantia) statim gutta

una vel altera infundatur; ita brevi tempore carne replebis, & cicatricem obduces. In Cancro, & omnibus Ʋlceribus phagedeni∣cis, insuper mixtum cum Oleo Oli varum, & tritum, (quousque desinant in Linimentum album) optimum est Medicamentum. In∣teriùs exhiberi potest in omni ve∣hementiori Haemorrhagia Ʋteri & Vulvae, in fluxu Mensium nimio: itidem in Febribus arden∣tibus, Affectibus Renum & Ve∣sicae; in Gonorrhoea, ubi, ab acri Fermento Venereo eroditur ductus Ʋrinarius. Dosis, à guttis qua∣tuor ad octo, decem, vel duode∣cim, plus-minus, in Aquis vel Jusculis appropriatis.

VII. Balsamum Mirabile.

℞ Olei Vitrioli vel Sulphu∣ris rectificati, vel potiùs Spi∣ritus Nitri perfectè dephlgma∣ti unciam unam, Olei Oliva∣rum vel Nucum de Ben uncias tres; misce, ac digere pro usu.

Internè convenit hoc Vermi∣bus, & omnibus in genere dolo∣ribus Viscerum, praecipuè Colicae, quo in Morbo specificum est. Dosis, à granis octo ad sedecim, vel viginti, in Vehiculo adapto. Ex∣ternè Anodynum est, doloresque quoscunque mitigat & tolli••. Ar∣thritidi, omnibus Articulorum affectibus, Tumoribus duris, Ner∣vorum vel Musculorum contractio∣nibus specificè succurrit, si partes affectae madidis linteis illinantur:

meliusque erit si cum uncia Bal∣salmi una, Camphorae drachma una dissolvatur.

VIII. Butyrum Antimonii.

℞ Antimonii crudi, Mercu∣rii sublimati corrosivi, ana par∣tes aequales; terantur in Morta∣rio vitreo, exacteque inter se misceantur, conjiciantur in Re∣tortam vitream, colli amplio∣ris & brevioris; & ex Arena successivis gradibus fiat distil∣latio, Igne primo leni, donec Butyrum (liquor glacialis) a∣scendere incipiat: dein, aucto Igne, procedit Oleum in frigido coagulans, quod Carbone, seu Pruna adhibita candente circa collum Retortae, in Recipiens propelli debet: in fine distilla∣tionis excitetur Ignis suppres∣sionis, illumque continua, quo∣usque omnes fumi praeterierint, Vasque recipiens clarum evadat. Hac in operatione Sales vitrio∣losi, nitrosi, & Sal commu∣ne rodunt puriorem Antimonii substantiam, illamque in for∣mam coagulati secum vegunt, concrescuntque in Butyri for∣ma. Omnibus refrigeratis, Vas recipiens aufer, Liquoremque glacialem, seu Butyrum Antimo∣nii, per novam Cucurbitam vi∣tream ex Arena rectisica, quo∣usque ab omni fuligine & sor∣dibus liberatum sit; quo in casu, instar Nivis candidum erit.

Causticum est insigne, & ad miraculum sistit Gangraenam & Sphacelum, si seilicet Plagâ∣pennâ, hoc Liquore madefactà, circumscribatur, quem terminum

malum transgredi non solet, sed ad miraculum subsistit. Excre∣scentias Carnis absumit, Ʋlcerum erodentium & Gangraenae mali∣gnitatem corrigit; estque tantum externi usus apud Chirurgos in tollendis partibus corruptis, se∣dulam verò requirit manum; cum Pluma pars affecta leviter inun∣gitur, vel Ʋlcus serpens circum∣ducitur, ne ulterius serpere possit: rarioris est usus per se, nunquam interni; sed exinde fiunt Bezoar∣dicum Minerale, & Mercurius Vitae. Hoc Butyrum, non tantum cum acido Nitri effervescat, sed etiam cum Salis alcalicis Tar∣tari, Nitri, & similium.

CHAP. LXI. Of BALSAMS.

1. Balsam of Antimony, commu∣nicated by that most skilful Ar∣tist Dr. Tho. Gardner, the King's Chief Chirurgian.

℞ MIneral Antimony, Rhenish Tartar, and Crystals of Nitre, a. equal parts, pouder them and mix them; put the mixture by spoonfuls into a large Crucible, or Iron Pot; afterwards melt

the mass throughly with a very strong Fire: which done, put it out into a hot Mortar, and imme∣diately pouder it: put this Pouder into a glass Cucurbit with a long neck, to which add Oil of Tur∣pentine, so much as may over-top it three or four Inches, and digest in Sand with a very gentle Fire, till the Oil has extracted a very red Tincture; this Tincture de∣cant, and affuse on the magma new Oil as before; and this work continue so long till you have got∣ten all the Tincture. Mix these Tinctures together, and evaporate away to the one half, or till the matter is of the consistency of a Syrup; or otherwise abstract it by distillation in a Retort.

It is a Medicine which power∣fully by Urine expels the Tar∣tar of the Blood, and effectually sends forth Stone and Gravel from the Reins. It is given as a specifick against the Dropsy, Gout, Kings-Evil, and obstru∣ctions of the Courses in Women. Dose, à ℈ ss. ad ʒ ss. more or less, in some proper Vehicle. Outwardly, it is of mighty use in all cold Affections, and pre∣vails against the pains of the Gout, if with ʒ ij. thereof, ℈ j. of Camphir be mixed, and ap∣plied with lint to the place dis∣eased. It powerfully resists Pu∣trefaction and Corruption, and therefore is of good use in ma∣lign and inveterate Ulcers, as also in Palsies and Gangrene, if linen cloths or rags be dipt or moistned with this Balsam, and so prepared, be applied to the parts affected.

2. Balsam of Salt of Tartar.

℞ Very pure and dry Salt of Tartar ℥ j. Spirit of Vinegar ℥ iv. mix, and distil by Retort in Sand to driness; all the humidity which comes forth will be insipid like Water: for the whole acidity of the Vinegar will remain in the bottom, with the Salt of Tartar. Let the Fire go out, and the Retort being cold, affuse ℥ iv. more of Spirit of Vinegar, and distil again, even to driness; so will the humidity even now also come forth insipid like Water: Continue this distillation so long, (always affusing new Spirit) till at length the Spirit of the Vinegar shall come forth as acid as it went in: for then it is manifest that the Salt of Tar∣tar is sufficiently impregnated and saturated with the acid of the Vinegar. Dissolve this matter now again with rectified S.V. filter, and abstract to driness: so will you have in the bottom a substance fat and unctuous, like Butter or Balsam, and representing as it were many leaves; from whence possibly the name might come of Terra Tartari Foliata, Foliated Earth of Tartar.

It is a noted Digestive, cutting and attenuating thick Humors; and is profitably used in purging Potions, both as a stimulative and corrective. It is used by many as an universal Menstruum, and the Key of Chymical Arcanums. And is given inwardly, à ℈ss. ad ℈j. in some Vehicle proper for the obstructions of the Bowels.

3. Balsam of Camphir.

℞ Oil of Anisceds ℥ iv. Cam∣phir

℥ iij. pure white Sperma Ceti ℥ j. mix, and let them stand in digestion seven days; then boil them together in a glass Vessel with a gentle Fire, till the ingredients are perfectly dis∣solved, and keep the Balsam for use.

Internally it is given to ex∣pel the Stone, discuss Wind, and ease the pains of the Colick; for it is of subtil parts, and has an anodyn quality, by which it opens internal Obstructions, and provokes Sweat. It is used out∣wardly in all cold Affects, as the Megrim, Head-ach, pain of the Ears, Sciatica, running Gout, from cold causes, the parts affected being anointed therewith morning and evening. It speedily cures green Wounds, being made into an Ointment, by adding a little Bees-wax.

4. Rulandus his Balsam of Sulphur.

℞ Flowers of Sulphur ℥ iij. generous Wine ℥ vj. Oil of Walnuts ℥ xviij. digest them together in warm Water, often stirring the ingredients, and afterwards boil them together to the solution of the Sulphur: so have you the Balsamum Diasulphuris of Ru∣landus.

It kills Worms, and is good against the Plague, and Dileases of the Lungs; as the Cough, Asthma, Phthisick, and malign Distempers. Dose, a gut. x, ad xx. Outwardly used, it eases Pains, and prevails against Ulcers, abates Inflammations; it is also good against Fistula's in the Fundament, Haemorrhoids, Gout, &c.

5. The common alsam of Sulphur.

℞ Flowers or Lac of Sulphur ℥ ij. Oil of Turpentine ℥ viij. boil them together in a glass Vessel in Sand for two hours, (Beguinus says, eight hours) till the Oil is tinged of a reddish colour, and the Flowers of Sulphur are dis∣solved. Or thus: ℞ Flowers of Sulphur ℥ ij. Salt of Tartar ℥ j. pouder them well by themselves; then mix them, and melt them in a glazed earthen Pot, till they become of a dark red colour, like Liver; from whence it is called Hepar Sulphuris, or Liver of Sulphur; add to it fair Water, about an ounce, and boil it with a pretty strong Fire, to the con∣sumption of the humidity, (the mass of which, by how much the more black it is, by so much the better it is:) then pour it forth, that it may cool; being cold, pouder it, and affuse thereon Oil of Turpentine ℥x. and boil them together, &c. as above is declared.

It is Stomatick and Pulmo∣nick; and of mighty use in the Phthisick, Cough, Asthma, Jaun∣dies, and other Vices of the Lungs: it kills Worms, and ex∣pels them, and gently loosens the Belly. Dose, à gut. iij, ad xx. It is a singular thing for healing malign Ulcers of the Lungs, be∣cause it drys much, without any biting or sharpness, and strength∣ens withal. It is a great Anodyn, maturative and digestive in Wounds of nervous parts. It dissolves Tartar in the Bladder and other parts, eases the pain of the Yard, (in making Water) heals its excoriation, and re∣moves

the suppression of Urine. Dropt into the Ears, it eases their pain. It takes away and cures Coughs and Catarrhs, tho' inveterate; especially if it be taken with Syrup of Poppies, or Syrup of Liquorice.

And after the same manner the Balsam of Sulphur is made, with Oils of Aniseed, of Juniper, of Rose∣mary, of Limons, of Amber, &c.

6. Balsam of Saturn, or Lead.

℞ Saccharum Saturni ℥ j. Oil of Aniseeds or Juniper-berries ℥iij. mix, and let them stand in dige∣stion for seven days, till the Oil is tinged of a very red colour, and the Saccharum is wholly dissolved: which done, add more of the Sac∣charum, so long, till the Oil will dissolve no more; then dissolve therein ʒ iv. of Camphir.

It prevails admirably against a hot Gout in the Feet, and is good against Inflammations; it imme∣diately eases all Pain, in what part of the Body soever, if a little lint or linen rags be moist∣ned or dipt in the same, and laid on. It is very good in curing suffusions, and redness of the Eyes, arising from a sharp Ca∣tarrh. It is good against invete∣rate Ulcers and Tumors; for which cause it is of vast use in the practice of Chirurgery. It is a present help in the inflamma∣tion of the Reins, as also in the cure of Contusions; it cures Wounds, and preserves them from accidents; more especially if a little Camphir be added thereto. It takes away Morphew, and is good against Cancers and Fistula's; in which last, a drop or two may be instilled into their

hollownesses. If the Fistula shall be in the canthus, or corner of the Eye, (after the exhibition of mundificatives or cleansers) im∣mediately gut. 1 or 2 may be put into the same, and it will forth∣with be filled up with flesh, and healed. In Cancers, and all sorts of phagedenick or eating Ul∣cers also, it is a most excellent Medicin; more especially if mixt with Oil-olive, and ground to∣gether, till it comes to a white Liniment or Ointment. Inward∣ly, it is given in all vehement Hemorrhagies of the Womb and parts dedicuted to Generation, as also in a too great flux of the Terms; in burning Fevers also, and Affects of the Reins and Bladder, and in a Gonorrhoea, where the Urinary ductus is eroded, from a Venereal acrid Ferment. Dose, à gut. iv. ad viij, x, aut xij. more or less, in ap∣propriate Waters or Broths.

7. The Wonderful Balsam.

℞ Oil of Vitriol or Sulphur rectified, or rather Spirit of Nitre well dephlegmated ℥ j. Oil-Olive or Oil of Ben ℥ iij. mix, digest, and keep it for use.

Inwardly given, it kills Worms, and gives case in all sorts of pains of the Bowels, but chiefly in the Colick, for which it is a Specifick. Dose, à gr. viij, ad xvj, aut xx. in some proper Vehicle. Outwardly used it is Anodyn, easing and taking away all pains of what kind so∣ever. It is a specifick in the cure of the Gout, and all other Affects of the Joints, hard Tu∣mors, and contractures of the Nerves and Muscles, the parts

affected being anointed with linen rags dipt therein, which may also be applied: and the Medicine will yet be better, if to every ounce of the Balsam a dram of Camphir be added to the same, and dissolved there∣in.

8. Butter of Antimony.

℞ Crude Antimony, corrosive Sublimate, of each equal parts; beat them in a glass Mortar, and mix them well into a mass, which put into a glass Retort, having a large, but short neck; distil in Sand with degrees of Fire, first gently, till the Butter or icy Liquor begins to ascend, then increase the Fire; so will you have an Oil, which will coagu∣late in the cold; this you must force into the Receiver, by holding to the neck of the Retort some burning Coals: towards the end of the distillation, make a Fire of suppression, and continue it so long till all the fumes cease, and the Receiver becomes clear. In this operation, the vitriolick and ni∣trous Salts, and the common Salt, corrode the more pure substance of the Antimony, and bring it with them into a coagulated form. All being cooled, take away the Re∣ceiver, and put the icy Liquor into a new glass Cucurbit; which re∣ctifie in Sand, till it is freed from all its foulness, and becomes white like Snow.

It is a famous Caustick, and stops the progress of a Gangrene and Sphacelus, even to a miracle; viz. if the circuit round about it be toucht with it, by a Feather dipt in the same, it not only puts a stop to it, but even mira∣culously

as it were overcomes it. It consumes fleshy Excrescen∣cies, and corrects the malignity of eating Ulcers and Inflamma∣tions. It is only outwardly used by Chirurgians, in taking away corrupt parts or portions of Flesh, but it requires a very steady and careful hand; let the part affected be gently anointed with a Feather, or the creeping Ulcer surrounded with the same, that it may not creep farther. It is seldom used by it self, never internally; but from thence are made, 1. Bezoarticum Minerale, 2. Mercurius Vitae. This Antimo∣nial will effervess, not only with the acid of Nitre, but also with alcalious Salts, as Salt of Tartar, fixt Nitre, and such like.

CHAP. LXII. De ELIXIRIBUS.

I. Elixir Antepile pticum.

℞ CArnis Ciconiarum, Cor∣nicum, Corvorum, Hi∣rundinum, Lumbricorum, Pica∣rum, desiccatae; Cranii Humani grosso modo pulverizati, San∣gninis Humani siccati, ana un∣cias duas; Spiritus Nitri uncias triginta, misce ac dissolve: dis∣soluto addatur Alcohol Vini unciae sexaginta, filtratur, re∣ponaturque ad usum. Vel sic: ℞ Carnis Ciconiarum sicca∣tae, &c. pone in Retortam, & extrahatur Oleum foetidum &

Sal volatile: Oleo & Sali adde Spiritus Nitri quantitatem du∣plicem, digere per horas viginti quatuor; dein addatur Alcohol Vini quantitas toti duplex, di∣gereque ad usum.

Summo cum successu exhibe∣tur contra omnes Epilepsiae species, tam ad digerendam in Epilepti∣cis fluidam illam Pituitam (in istis enim hic Humor peccat) na∣turalem, calorem illorum confor∣tando, & corroborando Cerebrum; quam ad separandos & consu∣mendos in Centro acres aut ma∣lignos Vapores, qui ascendentes in Cerebrum, hunc causantur Mor∣bum in aliis. Valet etiam in Puerorum Epilepsia, quae vitio Stomachi à quadam, vel flatu∣lentia, vel Cibi corruptione, vel Vermibus exagitatis obtingit. Su∣mitur in aqua Peoniae, florum Papaveris sylvestris, aliove ap∣propriato liquore, ante vel post paroxysmum; ita etiam mane jejuno stomacho, & horâ somni. Dosis, à drachma semis ad dra∣chmam unam. Contra Paralysin est efficacissimum; singulare refu∣gium est in Apoplexia, (datum in principio, & reiteratum per in∣tervalla temporis, prout necessi∣tas requirat,) in Convulsionibus & morbis Hystericis. Non mino∣ris efficaciae est in Hypochondria∣cis, aut Melancholia flatulenta; quae variis modis affligere solet, idque pro diversitate Partium, quas Vapores isti maligni impetuosè exagitant. Ʋtlissimum est con∣tra Tremorem membrorum, ex∣ortum ex imbecillitate & relaxa∣tione nervorum, ob senilem aeta∣tem, aut Humores frigidos: in Tabe etiam, & Corporis Consum∣ptione,

à simplici Obstructione tam Mesenterii, quam aliorum Organorum principalium. Colicam passionem, Ventrisque Tormina, praestantissimè sedat.

II. Elixir Proprietatis.

℞ Aloes Succotrinae, Myrrhae optimae, Croci Anglici, ana uncias sex; rebus contusis, vel grosso modo pulverizatis, superfunditur Oleum Philoso∣phicum unciae octo vel de∣cem: digerit mixturam per ho∣ras viginti quatuor, vase aperto, ad siccitatem usque: tum super∣affunditur Spiritus Vini rectifica∣ti librae tres, fiat iterum digestio per noctem; dein sensim effun∣ditur Tinctura, fitque iterum digestio cum Spiritus Vini re∣ctificati libris tribus, & magma∣te per diem & noctem unam: decanta Tincturam, atque iterum Alcohol Vini novum affunditur, & procede ut antea, donec tota Tinctura sit exhausta: misce Tincturas, digere mixturam, reponaturque ad usum.

Virtutes & Ʋsus, vide in Se∣ctione undecima Capitis quinqua∣gesimi primi, paulò supra.

III. Elixir Metallorum.

℞ Reguli Antimonii martia∣lis uncias duas, Stanni optimi Anglici, Veneris rubrae, ana un∣ciam unam; fundatur in Cruci∣bulo, igne strenuo, ita ut Cu∣prum totaliter dispareat, quô peractô, effundantur in Cono fusorio. ℞ Hujus massae unciam unam, Nitri purissimi uncias duas; terantur in pulverem exacte inter se, & successivis

vicibus conjiciantur in Crucibu∣lum candens, coquanturque simul, donec massa tua conversa sit in scorias ex caeruleo viridescentes, massaque tua igneam acquisivit acrimoniam; tunc massam tuam effunde, & antequam humidum Aëris attrahere queat, in pulve∣rem terito, iique affundito Al∣cohol Vini purissimi uncias vi∣ginti: stent in digestione per viginti quatuor horas, & Spi∣ritus tuus Vini rubello colore tingetur, & in gremio suo oc∣cultabit praedictorum Metallico∣rum Sales, resolutos primitus per Sales corrosivas Antimonii, & postmodum per fulmen Ni∣tri; habebisque potentem Tin∣cturam Metallorum.

Haec Tinctura Cephalica, Car∣diaca & Stomachica est, ratione{que} Salium Pituitam potenter tenacem incidit, & Obstructiones pertina∣ciores resolvit; Fermenta acido∣austera peregrina Viscerum & Sanguinis extinguit; fermentatio∣nem Sanguinis suppressam, per acida coagulantia, elevat & re∣stituit: hinc in Scorbuto, Ca∣chexia, Chlorosi, Obstructionibus Mensium, passione Hysterica, in Epilepsia, Paralysi, Apoplexia; Morbis Soporosis, ut Lethargo, Coma, &c. vim habet insignem; malumque per Diuresin exterit, Ventriculum, Hepar, Lienem, aliaque Viscera confortat. Sumi∣tur etiam in dolore Nephritico, in Gonorrhoea, & Lue Venerea. Dosis est à guttis decem, sensim ascendendo, ad guttas quadra∣ginta, in Vino, aliove Vehi∣culo.

IV. Elixir Cranil Humani.

℞ Cranii Humani pulveri∣tati

uncias duas, Spiritus Nitri rectificati uncias quatuor; misce ac dissolva: quô peractô, ad∣datur Spiritus Vini rectificati unciae octo; misce, digere, fil∣traturque ad usum.

Epilepsiae, Apoplexiae, Lethargo, Vertigini, Cephalalgiae, Hemi∣craniae, Suffocationi Matricis, omnibusque Morbis Cephalicis & Hystericis ad miraculum usque medetur. Dosis, à guttis viginti ad sexaginta, manè ac vesperi, in Vehiculo appropriato.

V. Elixir Pulmonum.

℞ Pulmonum Vulpium, Ovi∣um, Bovium, vel Porcorum desecatorum & desiccatorum, quantum vis, Spiritus Nitri quantitatem duplicem; misce, ••atque Elixir, ut supra.

Flatus discutit, Sudores mo∣vet, & Menses, Cruciatus etiam circa Ventriculum ciet, in genere deobstruit, Circulationem San∣guinis adjuvat, Cachexiam Mu∣lierum tollit, Pituitam tenacem potenter incidit; ac in Obstru∣ctionibus Mensium, Passione Hy∣sterica, Febribus putridis, & Ventriculi Pulmonumque Fermento suffocato, maximarum est virium. Exhibetur in Vehiculis adaptis, à guttis viginti ad scruplas duas.

VI. Elixir Sanguinis Humani.

Fit ex Sanguine desiccato, ut supra.

In Lithiasi, Nephritide, Hy∣drope, Ischuria, Dysuria, Obstru∣•…•… Mensium, Epilepsia, Ca∣•…•… hoque suffocativo, valdè ju∣•…•… Insigniter conducit Asthma∣•…•… & Hyochondriacis, omni∣•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Pulmonum obstructionibus: 〈…〉〈…〉 infarctos reserat, ma∣teri•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 impactam attenuat, Na∣turamque

adjuvat, ut per vias convenientes se ab hoc exoneret. Dosis, à scrupla una ad duas, manè ac vesperi. Eodem modo Elixir ex Sanguine Bovium, Ovium, Porcorum, &c. extra∣hes.

VII. Elixir Viperarum.

Fit ex Carne desiccata, ut Elixir Cranii Humani.

Massam Sanguinis mundificat, omnes Humores corruptos & pu∣tridos, Vermium semina, è Cor∣pore aufert: omnibus Morbis Me∣lancholicis, Vertiginibus, Epile∣psiis, Paralysibus prodest. Con∣fert etiam Scorbutis, Cachexiis, Febribus quartanis, similibusque Affectibus, qui ob contumaciam suam Eccoproticis vix cedunt. Tabidos item mirifiè ad bonam Corporis habitudinem reducit. In Affectionibus Cutis curandis com∣mendatur; cujus generis sunt Leuce, Lepra, Impetigo, Elephan∣tiasis, Alphos, & Scabies. Impoter∣tiam curat, exolutosque à lan∣guore perfectè reviviscere facit. Dosis, à scrupla una ad duas, bis in diem.

VIII. Elixir, seu Sanguis Symphyti, Quercetani.

℞ Radicum Symphyti majo∣ris & minoris, simul optimè mundatam, hanc in Mortario probè contunde cum Pistillo lignco, donec formam pulpae sortiatur. Ad quatuor libras hujus puplae adjice medullae

Panis Secalini & Triticaei, ana libram unam: omnia invicem probè mixta, & tantillo Vini albi irrigata, injiciantur in Ma∣tracium vitreum cum collo longo, Subere vel Cera Hispani∣ca optimè obturatum, ut nihil transpiret. Hoc Matracium col∣locetur in Fimo calido, sive in Balneo vaporoso, donec ma∣teria in Chyli sanguinei ac ru∣bicundi colorem convertatur: tunc illam fortiter Praelo ex∣prime, & expressionem hanc chylosam & sanguineam pone in Balneo vaporoso, illud in secunda digestione majorem ac∣quiret rubedinem; & faeces aliquot in fundo relinquet, quas separabis; continuando hanc digestionem & depurationem, donec materia clarissima & ru∣bicundissima apparuerit: separa ab illa tunc Liquorem clario∣rem per Alembicum ad ignem Balnei vaporosi, & remanebit in fundo Elixir rubicundissi∣mum, quod nominant Sangui∣neum Symphyti.

Medicamentum est ad Hernias, & omnia Ʋlcera interna Visce∣rum praestantissimum. Dosis est, à scrupla una ad drachmam unam, mane ac vesperi. Dissolven∣dum est in sua propria Aqua di∣stillata, vel in Vino albo, aliove liquore congruo; continuando ad plusculos dies, & egregios miros∣que effectus inde produci compe∣ries.

IX. Elixir, seu Sanguis Saty∣rionis & Pastinacae albae.

Eodem modo Elixir sive San∣guinem ex Satyrione, & Pasti∣naca alba, Battatisque parabis.

Singulare Matricis corroborans,

& specificum est Remedium ad Conceptionem, Prolisque generatio∣nem juvandam, sterilissimisque quantumlibet Mulieribus foecundi∣tatis donum impertit; Virique impotentiam ad pristinum vigorem reducit. Nota, verus Philosophus ulterius adhuc progredietur, & per eandem viam, tum ex Fru∣mento, tum ex Vino, educet sub∣stantiam quandam Sanguineam, alendi ac vivificandi facultate potentem; quâ causam generatio∣nis Carnis in Corpore nostro in∣dagabit. Dosis, à drachmis qua∣tuor ad unciam unam. Post haec Eli∣xira facta sunt, addatur Vini Che∣riensis unciae sex, vel Spiritus Vini unciae tres, ad libram unam Eli∣xiris, ut longè conserventur.

CHAP. LXII. Of ELIXIRS.

1. An Elixir against the Falling-sickness.

℞ OF the flesh of Storks, Crows, Ravens, Magpies, Swallows, Earthworms, dried; Man's Skull grossly poudred, Man's Blood dried, ana ℥ij. Spirit of Nitre ℥ xxx. mix and dissolve: which being done, add thereto the Alcohol of Wine ℥ lx. filter, and keep it for use. Or thus: ℞ Of Storks flesh dried, &c. put all into a Retort, and extract a foe∣tid Oil, and volatil Salt; to this Oil and Salt add a double quantity of Spirit of Nitre: di∣gest

twenty four hours; and then add again a double quantity of the whole Alcohol of Wine, and digest for use.

It is given with the greatest success against all kinds of the Falling-sickness, both to digest that natural fluid Phlegm (be∣cause in this Disease that Humor most abounds) by exciting their innate heat, and strengthning the Brain; and also to separate and consume in the Center, or Stomach and Bowels, those acrid and malign Vapors which ascend thence to the Brain, which causes this Disease in many. It is good also against the Falling-sickness in Children; which in some arises from a fault of the Stomach, or from Wind, or cor∣rupted Food, or from Worms. You may give it in Peony-water, or water of Corn-poppy-flowers, or other appropriate li∣quor, either before or after the Fit, in the morning fasting, and at bed-time. Dose, à ʒss ad ʒ j. It is an effectual thing against the Palsy, and a certain refuge in the Apoplexy, (being given in the beginning of the Disease, and reiterated in the inter∣vals of time, as necessity re∣quires) in Convulsions also, and Hysterick diseases. It is of as great power in Hypochondriack Dis∣eases, or a flatulent Melancholy; which are wont to afflict in divers manners, and that also according to the diversity of Parts which those malign Vapours impetu∣ously move. It is also of great use against the Trembling of the

members or limbs, arising from a weakness and relaxation of the Nerves; caused either by old age, or a coldness of Humors: so also in a Tabes and Consumption of the Body, coming from a simple Obstruction both of the Mesente∣ry and of other principal Organs. It powerfully eases the pain of the Colick, and Gripings of the Guts.

2. Elixir of Property.

℞ Fine Aloes, best Myrrh, English Saffron, a. ℥ vj. the things being bruised or grossly poudred, affuse thereon Oleum Philosophi∣cum ℥viij, or x. digest the mixture for 24 hours, in an open vessel, or till it becomes dry; then affuse thereon rectified S.V. lbiij. digest again for a night: after which, gently pour off the Tincture; add S.V. lb.iij. more, and digest again for a day and night, and then decant the Tincture: the third time add to the magma Alcohol of Wine lbiij. more, and proceed as before, till you have extracted the whole Tincture: mix all these Tinctures together, digest, and keep it for use.

The Virtues and Uses, see in Chap. 5•• Sect. 11. afore∣going.

3. The Elixir of Metals.

℞ Martial Regulus of Antimo∣ny ℥ ij. of the best English Tin, red Copper, a. ℥ j. melt them in a Crucible with a strong fire, so that the Copper totally disappear, which done, pour it forth into an iron Cone. ℞ Of this mass ℥ j. of fine Nitre ℥ ij. beat them into pouder, and mix them well together, and cast it into a Crucible red-hot, by spoon∣fuls or turns; which boil together

so long, till your whole mass it turned into a scoria of a greenish blew colour; so will it obtain a fiery acrimony: pour it then forth, and before it can attract the humidity of the Air; beat it into pouder, and affuse thereon Alcohol of Wine ℥ xxiv. digest 24 hours; so will the Spirit be tinged of a red colour; in the body or substance of which Tincture will be hid the Salts of the aforesaid Metals, before-hand resolved, by the cor∣rosrve Salt of the Antimony, and afterwards by the fulmination of the Nitre; thus have you the po∣tent Elixir, or mighty Tincture of Metals.

This Tincture is Cephalick, Cardiack, and Stomatick, and by reason of the Salts, powerfully cuts tough Phlegm, and resolves rebel∣lious Obstructions; it extingui∣shes forein, austere, acid Fer∣ments of the Bowels and Blood, restoring and enlivening the na∣tural Ferment of the Blood, sup∣pressed thro' coagulating Acids; for which reason it has a mighty power in curing of the Scurvy, Cachexy, Green-sickness, Obstru∣ctruction of the Courses, Fits of the Mother, Falling-sickness, Pal∣sy, Apoplexy; Sleepy Diseases, as the Lethargy, Coma, &c. it carries off the Disease by Urine, and comforts the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, and other Bowels. It is given also in Nephritick pai•…•… as of the Stone, in a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and the French Pox. Dose 〈◊〉〈◊〉 gut. x, gradually ascending 〈◊〉〈◊〉 gut. xl. in Wine, or some 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Vehicle.

4. Elixir of Mans Skull.

℞ Mans Skull in pouder ℥ 〈◊〉〈◊〉

Spirit of Nitre rectified ℥iv. mix and dissolve; which done, add rectified S.V. ℥ viij. mix, digest, and keep it for use.

It cures, even to a miracle, the Falling-sickness, Apoplexy, Le∣thargy, Vertigo, Head-ach, Me∣grim, Fits of the Mother, and all other Diseases of the Head and Womb. Dose, à gut. xx, ad lx. morning and evening, in some appropriate Vehicle.

V. Elixir of Lungs.

℞ Of the Lungs of Foxes, or of Sheep, Oxen, or Hogs, cut into bits and dried, q.v. Spirit of Nitre, a double quantity, (in weight) mix, and make an Eli∣xir, as before.

It discusses Wind, provokes Sweat and the Terms, eases Pains in the Stomach; in general, opens Obstructions, helps the Circu∣lation of the Blood, removes the Cachexy in Women, potently cuts tough Phlegm, and is of wonderful force in stoppage of the Courses, Fits of the Mother, putrid Fevers, and a suffocative Ferment of Stomach and Lungs. You may give it (in a fit Ve∣hicle) à ℈ j, ad ℈ ij.

6. Elixir of Man's Blood.

It is made of dried Blood, as before.

It wonderfully helps in the Stone, pain of the Reins, Dropsy, stoppage of Urine, scalding of Urine, stoppage of the Terms, Falling-sickness, and suffocative Catarrhs. It is famous for the curing of Asthma's, and such as are Hypochondriack, as also in all Obstructions of the Lungs. It

opens the Passages being stop∣ped, attenuates the impacted Matter, and helps Nature, so as it may discharge it self there∣from, by convenient ways. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ℈ ij. morning and eve∣ning. After the same manner you may make the Elixir of Ox, Sheep, or Hogs Blood, which has all the same virtues and uses.

7. Elixir of Vipers.

It is made of the dried Flesh, as the Elixir of Man's Skull.

It purifies the mass of Blood, and takes away all corrupt and putrid Humors from the Body, which are the Seed of Worms. It is profitable in all Melancholy Diseases, Vertigo's, Epilepsies, and Palsies. It is good also against the Scurvy, Cachexy, quartan Agues, and other like Affects, which by their stubborn dispo∣sition, will scarcely yield to Gentle-purgers. It wonderfully restores such as are Consum∣ptive, to a good habit of Body. It is commended for the cure of Affects of the Skin; of which kind are the white Scall, Lepro∣sy, Ringworm, Elephantiasis, Morphew, and Scab. It cures Im∣potency, and perfectly recruits such as have a feebleness and in∣ability, from a languor or decay of natural strength and humidity. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ℈ ij. twice a day.

8. Quercetan's Elixir, or Blood of Comfrey.

℞ Of the greater and lesser Comfrey-roots, cleanse them well, and beat them stoutly in a Mortar with a wooden Pestel, till they come into a pulp; to lbiv. of this pulp add crums of Rye-bread, and of Wheaten-bread, a. lbj. mix them

all well together, and sprinkle or moisten them well with White∣wine, put them into a glass Mattrass with a long neck, which stop well with Cork or Wax, that nothing may transpire. This Ma∣trass place in warm Horse-dung, or in Balneo vaporoso, till the matter is turned or changed into a blood-like and rubicund-coloured Chyle: then press it strongly out in a Press; which blood-like expres∣sed Liquor put into a second dige∣stion in Balneo vaporoso, that thereby it may acquire the greater redness, separating and casting away the faeces which fall to the bottom: continue this digestion and depuration, till the matter shall become very clear and red, sepa∣rate then the clear Liquor by an Alembick in Balneo vaporoso: so will you have in the bottom a very red matter, which is the Blood-like Essence of Comfrey.

It is designed against Ru∣ptures, and all sorts of internal Ulcers of the Bowels, for which it is a most excellent thing. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ʒ j. morning and eve∣ning. You may dissolve it in Comfrey-water, or in White∣wine, or other fit liquor; con∣tinuing the use of it for some few days, you will have from it mighty and wonderful effects.

9. Elixir, or Blood of Saty∣rion and Parsnips.

The Elixir or Blood of Satyrion, Parsnips, and Potatoes, are prepa∣red in the same manner with the former.

An Elixir thus prepared from

any of those things, is said to be a singular and specifick Remedy for corroborating of the Womb, and to help Conception, re∣moving barrenness, and causing fruitfulness in Women; it helps impotency in Men, and restores them to their pristin vigor. Where note, that the true Phi∣losopher does go yet farther, and after the same manner, from Bread-corn and Wine, pro∣duces a certain Blood-like sub∣stance, which has strength and potency with it, and a property to nourish and vivifie, or restore; from which the cause of the generation of Flesh in our Bo∣dies is manifest. Dose, à ʒ iv, ad ℥ j. These Elixirs being made, (if you design them for any long keeping) you may add to them, for every ℥ xij. of Elixir, ℥ vj. of choice Sherry, or ℥ iij. of the best Brandy.

CHAP. LXIII. De POTESTATIBƲS.

I. Potestates Fuliginis Clauderi.

℞ FUliginis splendentis quan∣tum vis; si simul ob∣tineri poterit è Fumariis, ubi potissimum comburuntur ligna Quercus, Betulae, aut Pini, eò melius erit; pulverisato super∣funde in Vitro Spiritus Univer∣salis quantum surficit, vel ad eminentiam aliquot digitorum. Vitrum benè claudatur, ne eva∣poret pars volatilior; agitetur

aliquoties, & spatio dimidii horae quadrantis, & citiùs Spi∣ritus Menstrui salinus extrahit & absorbet Sal & Virtutem Fu∣liginis, ut obtineas subitò Es∣sentiam pulcherrimam rubini∣formem, ab omni empyreumate, sapore ac odore molestô libe∣ram: filtretur, & in Vase opti∣mè munitô servetur usui.

Praestantissimum excitativum est in Epilepsia, Apoplexia, Lethargo, & Morbis Hystericis; atque Can∣cerati Corpore habitûs insigne est Medicamentum. Diaphoreticum est & anodynum; in plerisque Mor∣bis tam frigidis, quàm calidis, optimo cum successu usurpatur. Cephalalgiae, Odontalgiae, Verti∣gini, Hemicraniae, Paralysi, ad miraculum medetur, Obstructiones pertinaces potenter resolvit, & Pituitam tenacem incidit & at∣tenuat. Exteriùs applicatur in Paralysi, in Contracturis, in Po∣dagra ex causis frigidis, in To∣phis incipientibus Venereis & Po∣dagricis, genereque in omnibus Nervorum Obstructionibus à Pi∣tuitâ oriundis coagulatâ. Dosis, à drachma semis ad drachmas duas vel tres, in Aquis vel Vehi∣culis Cephalicis.

II. Potestatibus Seminum Anisi.

℞ Olei Seminum Anisi, Spi∣ritus Salis Armoniaci, ana unciam unam, Spiritus Seminum Anisi re∣ctificati libras duas, misce; di∣sti lenturque Potestates secun∣dum Artem.

Pituitam tenacem potenter in∣cidunt & dispellunt, Obstructio∣nes' Pulmonum solvunt; itaque Afthmaticis, Phthisicis, Catarrhosis,

Tussi inveteratae, caeterisque Pe∣ctoris vitiis, utilis est. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas.

III. Potestatibus Baccarum Juniperi.

℞ Olei Baccarum Juniperi, Spiritus Salis Armoniaci, ana unciam unam; Spiritus Juniperi libras duas, misce; distilla Po∣testates. Vel sic, ℞ Olei Bac∣carum Juniperi unciam unam, Tinctura Salis Juniperi vel Tar∣tari libras duas; misce, repona∣turque ad usum.

Flatus potenter Viscerum dis∣sipant, Calculum & Mucum ex Renibus abigunt. Facultate in∣cidendi, dissipandi, aperiendi, abs∣tergendi, & frigidam ac sero∣sam colluviem consumendi potentes sunt: quamobrem frigidae intem∣perei Obstructioni Jecoris, Lienis, Mesenterii, Renum, Vesicae, Ʋteri; nec-non Capitis, Pectoris, & Stomachi, à causa flatulenta & frigida, aut à defluxione vitiis, egregiè opitulantur. Dosis, à dra∣chmam unam ad duas, bis in diem.

IV. Potestates Lavendulae.

℞ Olei Lavendulae, Spiritus Salis Armoniaci, ana unciam unam, Spiritus Lavendulae li∣bras duas; misce, distillatur∣que secundum Artem. Vel sic, ℞ Olei Lavendulae unciam unam, Salis Lavendulae fusi dra∣chmas duas, Alcohol Vini libras duas; misce ac digere. Vel sic, ℞ Olei Lavendulae unciam unam, Tincturae Salis Laven∣dulae vel Tartari libras duas, misce ac digere; sic habebis Potestates Lavendulae.

Prostratas vires reficiunt, ac

calfaciendo, Cerebrum, Ventricu∣lum, Matricemque roborant. In Febribus malignis, pestilentiali∣bus, imò in Peste ipsa, summè salutares sunt, Cordisque Palpita∣tioni resistunt. Omnes Sensus in∣ternos summopere acuunt, omnes∣que Affectus ex causa frigida or∣tos curant; quia excalfaciunt vehementer, & Spiritus omnes recreant. Apoplecticis, Epilepticis, Ischiadicis, Paralyticis, & Ar∣thritide quacunque laborantibus, in genere succurrunt. Dosis, à drachma una ad drachmas duas.

V. Potestates Caryophyllorum.

℞ Olei Caryophyllorum un∣ciam unam, Tincturae Salis Caryophyllorum cum Spiritu ejusdem factae, libras duas; mi∣sce, ac digere. Vel sic: ℞ Olei Caryophyllorum, Spiritus Salis Armoniaci, ana unciam unam, Spiritus Caryophyllorum libras duas; misce, & per distilla∣tionem Potestates extrahuntur. Vel sic: ℞ Olei unciam unam, Tincturae Salis Tartari libras duas; misce, digereque ad usum.

Omnia membra confortant, imprimisque Ventriculum, Cor, Cerebrum, & Viscera, eorum ca∣lorem conservando & multipli∣cando. Jecori & Lieni maximè auxiliantur, functionesque perditae restaurant. Dentium Doloribus quibuscunque summum sunt & ultimum refugium; quia cum cau∣sticae sint virtutis, nervum ferunt Dentis, & humorem acrem: Ʋl∣cera quaecunque curant, propter eandem rationem; Sal enim urens & causticum Ʋlcus constituens, dissolvitur & annihilatur per Sa∣lem hujus Arcani, similitur uren∣tem,

& ambo in aliam conver∣tuntur substantiam; deinde, Na∣tura suo Balsamo-naturali cica∣tricem inducit. Sunt in deli∣quiis Animi singulare Medicamen∣tum, quia Cor exhilerat & ro∣borat, & omnia quae illi nocere possunt, ab eo abigat. Ad pesti∣lentis Aurae fugam, & praeserva∣tionem, nihil est praestantius; quia omnia principalia Membra ita roborat, ut resistere possint Mi∣asmati venenato & pestilenti. Dosis, à drachmam unam ad duas, in Vino aut Jusculis, aliove Ve∣hiculo.

VI. Potestates Limonum & Aurantiarum.

℞ Olei Limonum vel Auran∣tiarum, Spiritus Salis Armonia∣ci, ana unciam unam, Spiritus Limonum vel Aurantiarum li∣bras duas; misce, ac distilla. Vel sic: ℞ Olei, &c. unciam unam, Tincturae Salis Tartari cum Spi∣ritu Limonum factae, libras duas: misce, ac digere.

Illae Cephalicae, Stomachicae, Cardiacae, Spleniticae, & Hyste∣ricae Potestates sunt. Haemicra∣niam & dolorem Capitis ex fla∣tibus frigidis, & copia Pituitae ortum sanant, quia Flatus discu∣tiunt. Visum acuunt, Ventricu∣lum & Jecur roborant, Lienem absumunt, Ʋrinam cient, fluen∣tem Alvum sistunt, frigidisque Ʋteri Affectibus mirificè prosunt; Nervorum & Articulorum diu∣turnis doloribus, à frigore exci∣tatis, utilissimum sunt; & ad Veneris excitandos stimulos, ma∣ximè

expetuntur; quia excalfa∣ciunt, & augent Spiritus vitales & animales, qui sunt omnium actionum radices. Catarrhis, Pa∣ralysi, Convulsionibus, membrorum Tremori, Arthritidi, aliisque Morbis frigidis; Apoplexiae, Epi∣lepsiae, Vertigini, Lethargo, & Suffocationi Ʋteri valdè condu∣cunt. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas.

VII. Potestates Pulegii.

℞ Olei Pulegii, Spiritus Sa∣lis Armoniaci, ana unciam unam; Tincturae Salis Pulegii cum Spi∣ritu ejusdem factae libras duas; misce. Vel sic: ℞ Olei Spiri∣tus Salis Armoniaci, ana unciam unam; Spiritus Pulegii vel Vini rectificati libras duas; misce, & distilla. Vel. sic: ℞ Olei & Spiritus, ut supra, unciam unam; Tincturae Salis Tartari libras duas; misce, ac digere.

In fugandis pallidis ac foedis Virginum coloribus, nihil est prae∣stantius, quod Coctionem Visce∣rum omnium mirificè juvant; Menses tutissimè provocant, pro∣pter eandem rationem; undè & Ʋteri Affectibus ferè omnibus succurrunt; & Sterilitati meden∣tur, foecundasque reddunt Mulie∣res. Sensus omnes tum inter∣nos, tum externos acuunt, cu∣rantque omnes Affectus ex causa frigida ortos, Spiritus omnes, tum Vitales & Animales re∣creant. Orthopnoicis, & anhela∣toribus, maximè prosunt, quòd Pulmones roborent & Pectus, & Catarrhos sistunt, & infarctos Pulmones Pituita, & glutinosis humoribus liberant, penetranti & exsiccanti facultate. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas.

VIII. Potestates Rosmarini.

Fiunt ut Potestates Pule∣gii.

Sensus omnes acuunt, Memo∣riam praecipuè, & Cerebrum adeò roborant, ut à Vertigine, Comate, Apoplexia, Lethargo, frigidisque omnibus Affectibus Capitis & Nervorum praeservent. Spiritus omnes Naturales, Vitales, & Animales mirisi••è recreant & fovent. Adversus Pestiferae Aurae contagionem nihil efficacius; va∣lent etiam ad Senectutem retar∣dandum, quia calorem radicalem & nativum conservant. Ophthal∣micae sunt mirandae, Nebulas enim omnes, Caligines, Albugines per∣curant viscosos, illos dissolvendo Humores: Fistulas, & Ʋlcera omnia concava & depascentia, abstergendo, ad cicatricem condu∣cunt. Capitis dolores, qui per sympathiam Ventriculi malè af∣fecti oriuntur, mulcent & tollent: Apoplexiae, Epilepsiae, Lethargo, Paralysi, Convulsionibus, Morbis∣que Hystericis medentur. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas, plus∣minus, in Vehiculo Cephalico vel Neurotico, manè ac vesperi, ad sexaginta circiter dies.

IX. Potestates Succini.

℞ Olei Succini primi primae distillationis unciam unam, Spi∣ritus Succini cum Spiritu Vini rectificato distillati libras duas, Salis volatilis Succini drachmas duas; misce. Vel sic: ℞ Olei Succi∣ni subtilis unciam unam, Alcohol Vini libras duas, Spiritus Salis Armoniaci uncias duas: misce, & distillentur secundum Artem.

Paralysin, & omnes Nervo∣rum Affectiones, Podagram, quam∣cunque

Arthritidem, Haemicra∣niam, & quemcunque Capitis dolorem, Contractiones Musculo∣rum, omnesque Morbos Capitis & Ʋteri, extrinsece admotum, & intrinsecè sumptum certissime curant. Ad Suffocationem Hyste∣ricam, Vapores ab Ʋtero, & Spiritus Animalis Morbos valdè praevalent. Intellectum & omnes Sensus acuunt, membrorum Tre∣mori succurrunt, & Convulsionum omnium speciebus. Vertiginem & Lethargum ex quacunque causa ortum, praecipuè ex causis frigi∣dis, tollunt. Dosis, à drachma ••na ad duas vel tres, in Aquis, Syrupis, aliove Vehiculo appro∣priato.

X. Potestates Terebinthinae.

℞ Olei Terebinthinae unciam unam, Alcohol Vini libram unam; misce, ac distilla. Si tibi placet, addatur Spiritus Salis Armoniaci unciam semis.

Gonorrhoeam virulentam sa∣nant, Vulnera Nervorum & Ʋlcera ad cicatricem perducunt, difficultatem Meiendi citissimè tollunt, Calculum Renum Vesi∣caeque rumpunt & atterunt, ea∣rumque partium Ʋlcera brevissi∣mo tempore conglutinant. Lethar∣go, Paralysi, Tremorique mem∣brorum medentur. Dosis, à dra∣chma una ad duas, in Vino albo, aliisque Vehiculis.

XI. Potestates Virtutum.

℞ Oleorum Angelicae, Ama∣raci, Camomillae, Carui, Foeni∣culi, Melissae, Menthae, Rutae, Salviae, Sabinae, Sassafras, Thymi, ana unciam semis; Spiritus Salis

Armoniaci uncias sex, Spi∣rituum earundem Plantarum li∣bras duodecim; misce, ac di∣stilla. Aliter. ℞ Oleorum, &c. ana unciam semis, Tincturae Sa∣lium Plantarum earundem cum Spiritibus iisdem extractae, vel Tincturae Salis Tartari, libras duodecim: misce, ac digere.

Omne Acidum oberrans in Cor∣pore Humano mitigant, Circula∣tionem Sanguinis adjuvant, Ca∣chexiam Mulierum tollunt, Su∣dores procreant, & omne in genere noxium Corpori nostro corrigunt. Sunt illae Cephalicae, Neuroticae, Stomachicae, Cardiacae, Hepaticae, Spleneticae, Arthriticae, & Hy∣stericae; Specificaeque eorum vires ab Oleis & Salibus desumendae sunt. Verbo, universi Corporis Hu∣mani Viscera corroborant, & à Putredine & Veneno conservant & liberant. Dosis, à drachma una ad duabus.

XII. Potestates Viperarum.

℞ Olei foetidi Viperarum unciam unam, Salis volatilis earundem drachmam unam, misce; cui adduntur Spiritus Nitri rectificati unciae quatuor; posteà adde Tincturae Salis Tartari, vel Spiritus Vini Tar∣tarisati uncias decem: misce, ac digere.

Adversus Syncopen & Vapores Me∣lancholicos à Splene ad Cor exha∣lantes praevalent. Adhibentur ad omnia genera Venenorum, & Sympto∣mata venenata; in Peste, & Febri maligna, & Hungarica, mirificè administrantur. Palpitationi Cor∣dis, deliquiis Animi, caeterisque Cardiacis passionibus adversantur. Suffocationi, vel caduco Matricis, Epilepsiae, Vertigini, Haemicraniae,

Lethargo, Paralysique opitulan∣tur. Scorbuto, & Impotentiae Vi∣rili, Atrophiae, Tabi, Febrique Hecticae mirificè medentur. Et quod notatu dignum, absque do∣lore, vomitione, tormine, pertur∣batione; & quod maximum est, cum Corporis corroborante. Dosis, à scrupla una ad duas, plus∣minus, in Vino Hispanico.

XIII. Potestates Ʋngulae & Cornu Cervi.

℞ Olei Ungulae & Cornu Cervi unciam unam, Spiritus Salis Armoniaci uncias duas, Tinctura Salis Tartari uncias octo; misce, ac digere.

Hystericam & Cephalicam vim habent; propterea omnes Suffoca∣tiones Ʋteri, etiam periculocissi∣mas, nec-non Praecordiorum com∣pressiones & dolores tollunt. Nam in Strangulatione Matricis, ubi omnia irrita & quasi desperata sunt, illae saluberrimae fuere: hujus enim ferocissimi Affectûs causam abscindunt, & omnes vel deploratissimus Mulierum praeci∣pitationes Ʋteri, ob Spermatis retentionem, aliasque causas, quam plurimas sistunt, & Matricis motum perfectè sedant. Dosis, à guttis decem ad viginti, vel se∣midrachmam, in Vino albo, vel liquore Hysterico.

CHAP. LXIII. Of POWERS.

1. Clauder's Powers of Soot.

℞ PItch-like Soot, q.v. which if it be gathered from such Chimnies where the best mat∣ter, as the wood of the Oak, Beech, or Pine is burnt, it will be so much the better; pouder it, and affuse thereon (in a glass Vessel) of the Ʋniversal Spirit a sufficient quan∣tity, or so much as may over-top it some inches. Stop the Glass close, that the volatil parts may not fly

away, shake the Glass often, and in the space of half a quarter of an hour, or sooner, the saline Spi∣rit of the Menstruum will extract and suck out the Salt and Virtue of the Soot; so as you will have presently a most excellent and ruby∣coloured Essence, wholly freed from its empyreuma, and all its evil taste and smell: then filter it, and keep it in a Glass close stopt, for use.

These Powers have most ad∣mirable effects in the Falling∣sickness, Apoplexy, Lethargy, and Hysterick Diseases; as also in a Cancerous habit of the whole Bo∣dy, in which they are of wonder∣ful use. They are diaphoretick and anodyn, and in most Diseases, whether from a hot or a cold cause, they are used with success. They cure the Head-ach, Megrim, Vertigo, Tooth-ach, and Palsy, to a miracle; powerfully open even confirm'd Obstructions, and cut and attenuate tough Phlegm. Outwardly, they are applied in the Palsy, Contractures of the Nerves and Muscles, in Gouts from a cold cause, in the begin∣nings of Venereal and Podagri∣cal Tophs, and in all kinds of Ob∣structions of the Nerves, arising from coagulated Phlegm. Dose, à ʒ ss, ad ʒ ij, or ʒ iij. in some Cephalick Water or Vehicle.

2. Powers of Aniseeds.

℞ Oil of Aniseeds, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a. ℥ j. Spirit of Aniseeds rectified lbij. mix, and distil off the Powers according to Art.

They powerfully cut and dis∣sipate tough Phlegm, resolve Ob∣structions of the Lungs; and so are profitable to all such as are

afflicted with Asthma's, Phthi∣sicks, Catarrhs, inveterate Coughs, and other vices of the Brest. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij.

3. Powers of Juniper Berries.

℞ Oil of Juniper Berries, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a. ℥ j. Spirit of Juniper Berries lbij. mix, and draw off the Powers by distilla∣tion. Or thus, ℞ Oil of Juni∣per Berries ℥ j. Tincture of the Salt of Juniper, or Salt of Tar∣tar, lbij. mix, and keep them for use.

They powerfully discuss Wind in the Bowels, and take away Stones and Mucous matter from the Reins; and have a mighty fa∣culty of cutting, dissipating, open∣ing, cleansing, and consuming or wasting heaps of cold and serous Humors: for which reason they admirably open Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, Reins, Bladder, and Womb, in a cold habit of Body; and help Diseases of the Head, Brest, and Stomach, coming from a flatulent and cold cause, or from a deflu∣xion of Humors. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij. twice a day.

4. Powers of Lavender.

℞ Oil of Lavender, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a. ℥ j. Spirit of Laven∣der lbij.mix, and distil, according to Art. Or thus, ℞ Oil of Laven∣der ℥ j. Salt of Lavender melted ʒ ij. Alcohol of Wine ℥ij. mix, and digest. Or thus, ℞ Oil of Lavender ℥ j. Tincture of the Salt of Laven∣der, or of the Salt of Tartar lbij. mix, and digest. So have you Powers of Lavender.

They restore strength lost or

decayed, and by their heating faculty comfort the Brain, Sto∣mach, and Womb. They are won∣derfully good against malign and pestilential Fevers, also in the Plague it self, and prevail against a Palpitation of the Heart. They highly quicken all the internal Senses, and cure all Affects arising from a cold cause; because they vehemently heat, and chear all the Spirits. They restore such as are afflicted with the Apoplexy, Falling-sickness, Sciatica, Palsy, and Gout of what kind soever. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij.

5. Powers of Cloves.

℞ Oil of Cloves ℥ j. Tincture of Salt of Cloves made with Spi∣rit of Cloves lbij. mix, and digest. Or thus: ℞ Oil of Cloves, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a. ℥ j. Spirit of Cloves lbij. mix, and draw off the Powers by distillation. Or thus: ℞ Of the Oil ℥ j. Tincture of Salt of Tartar lbij. mix, and digest, for use.

They comfort all the members, chiefly the Stomach, Heart, Brain, and Bowels; by conserving and augmenting their heat. They mightily help the Liver and Spleen, and restore their lost functions. They are of wonder∣ful efficacy in easing the Pains of the Teeth of what kind soever; for that being of a caustick vir∣tue, they immediately smite as it were the Nerve at the bottom of the Tooth, and master the sharp humor: and for the same reason they cure all sorts of Ul∣cers; for they, by their own

proper Salt in like manner burn∣ing, dissolve and annihilate the burning and caustick Salt of the Ulcer, and both are changed into another substance; and then Na∣ture, by her own Balsamick pro∣perty induces the cicatrice. They are a choice Medicine in Swoon∣ing fits, for they chear the Heart, and strengthen it, and remove all such things there-from, which may any ways hurt it. There is nothing more powerful to pre∣serve from the malignity of a pestilent Air; because they strengthen all the principal members, so as to make them able to resist any poisonous or pestilential impurity. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij. in Wine, Broth, or other Vehicle.

6. Powers of Limons and Oranges.

℞ Oil of Limons, or Oranges, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a. ℥ j. Spirit of Limons or Oranges lbij. mix, and distil. Or thus: ℞ Oil of, &c. ℥ j. Tincture of Salt of Tar∣tar, made with Spirit of Limons or Oranges lbij. mix, and digest.

They are Cephalick, Stomatick, Cardiack, Splenetick, and Hyste∣rick; they cure the Megrim and pain of the Head, arising from cold wind, and plenty of Pitui∣tous humors, for they discuss Wind. They clear the Sight, strengthen the Stomach and Li∣ver, and abate vapours of the Spleen, provoke Urine, stop the flux of the Whites, and won∣derfully help the Womb; they are profitable against stubborn and rebellious Diseases of the Nerves and Joints, arising from

cold, and greatly provoke Vene∣ry; because they heat the parts, and stir up the vital and animal Spirits, the proper sources of all actions. They also are of mighty use in the curing of the Catarrh, Palsy, Convulsion, Trembling, the Gout, Apoplexy, Epilepsy, Vertigo, Lethargy, and Suffocation of the Womb, and other Diseases co∣ming from cold. Dose, à ʒj, ad ij.

7. Powers of Peniroyal.

℞ Oil of Peniroyal, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a. ℥ j. Tincture of Salt of Peniroyal, made with Spirit of the same, lbij. mix them. Or thus: ℞ Of the Oil and Spirit aforesaid, a. ℥j. Spirit of Peniroyal, or rectified S.V. lbij. mix, and distil. Or thus: ℞ Oil and Spirit as before, ℥ j. Tincture of Salt of Tartar lbij. mix, and digest.

There is nothing more power∣ful against the pale and ill∣favored colour of Virgins, be∣cause it helps the Concoctive faculty of the Bowels; they safely provoke the Terms, for the same reason; for which cause also they are good against most Diseases of the Womb. They are said to cure Barrenness, and make Wo∣men fruitful. They quicken all the Senses, both internal and external, and cure all Affects ari∣sing from a cold cause, reviving the Spirits, Vital and Animal. They are good against Difficulty of Breathing, strengthen the Brest and Lungs, and stop Ca∣tarrhs, freeing the Lungs from the Phlegm and glutinous Humors, with which they are stuffed, by penetrating, and exciting their faculty. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij.

8. Powers of Rosemary.

They are made as the Powers of Peniroyal.

They quicken all the Senses, and so strengthen the Brain, and Memory in particular, that they preserve from the Vertigo, Sleepi∣ness, Apoplexy, Lethargy, and all cold Affects of the Head and Nerves. They wonderfully chear all the Spirits, Natural, Vital, and Animal; nor is any thing more efficacious against the infection of a Pestilential Air. They retard Old-age, because they conserve the radical and native heat. They are an admirable Ophthalmick, for they cure all sorts of Cloudi∣ness, Darkness, or Films, offend∣ing the Sight, by dissolving the viscous Humours which cause them. They are good to heal Fi∣stula's and Ulcers, whether con∣cave or eating, by cleansing them. They ease and take away the Head-ach, which arises sympathe∣tically from the evil disposition of the Stomach. They cure the Apoplexy, Epilepsy, Lethargy, Palsy, Convulsions, and Diseases of the Womb. Dose, à ʒj, ad ʒij. more or less, in some Cephalick or Neurotick Vehicle, morning and evening, for about 60 days.

9. Powers of Amber.

℞ Oil of Amber that comes forth first, of the first distillation ℥ j. Spirit of Amber, distilled with rectified S.V. lbij. Volatil Salt of Amber ʒ ij. mix them. Or thus: ℞ Of pure Oil of Amber ℥ j. rectisied S.V. lbij. Spirit of Sal Armoniack ℥ ij. mix, and distil, according to Art.

They are an excellent cure for the Palsy, and all kinds of Affe∣ctions

of the Nerves, the Gout in the Feet, and all other kinds of Gouts, the Megrim, and all kinds of Head-ach, Contractions of the Muscles, and most Diseases of the Head and Womb, being outward∣ly applied; and inwardly taken, they wonderfully prevail against Fits of the Mother, Vapors from the Womb, and Distempers of the Animal Spirits. They sharpen the Understanding, and quicken all the Senses, and are profitable against Tremblings of the limbs, and Convulsions of all kinds whatsoever. They are good against the Vertigo, and Lethar∣gy, arising from what cause so∣ever, but chiefly from a cold cause. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ iij. in appropriate Waters, Syrups, or other appropriate Vehicles.

10. Powers of Turpentine.

℞ Oil of Turpentine ℥ j. Alco∣hol of Wine lbj. mix, and distil: to which you may add (if you so please) Spirit of Sal Armoniack ℥ ss.

They cure a virulent Gonor∣rhoea, heal Wounds of the Nerves and Ulcers, and help a stoppage of Urine, or difficulty of Pissing: they are said to break the Stone in the Reins and Bladder, and heal in a very short time Ulcers of those parts. They cure the Le∣thargy, Palsy, and Trembling of the members. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij. in white Wine, or some other Vehicle.

11. Powers of Virtues.

℞ Of the Oils of Angelica, Sweet-Marjoram, Camomil, Caraways, Fenel-seed, Bawm, Mint, Rue, Sage, Savin, Sassafras, Tyme, a. ℥ ss. Spirit of Sal Armoniack ℥vj.

Spirit of the same Plants lbxij. mix, and distil. Or thus: ℞ Of the Oils, &c. a. ℥ss. Tincture of the Salts of the same Plants, made with the Spirit of the same Plants; or instead thereof, Tin∣cture of the Salt of Tartar lbxij. mix, and digest.

They correct all the abound∣ing Acids in the Humane Body, promote the Circulation of the Blood, are good against an evil habit in Women, provoke Sweat, and contend with evil Humors in the Body of every kind. They are Cephalick, Neurotick, Sto∣matick, Cardiack, Hepatick, Splenetick, Arthritick, and Hysterick; and their Specifick virtue or power is derived from their several particular Oils and Salts. In a word, they strengthen all the Bowels of the Humane Body, preserving and freeing it from Putrifaction and Poyson. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij.

12. Powers of Vipers.

℞ Stinking Oil of Vipers (made by distillation) ℥ j. volatil Salt of Vipers ʒ j. mix them; to which add rectified Spirit of Nitre ℥ iv. after which add Tincture of Salt of Tartar, or Tartarized S.V. ℥ x. mix, and digest.

They prevail against Swooning∣fits, and Melancholy Vapours arising from the Spleen, and assailing the Heart. They are given against all sorts of Poy∣son, and Poysonous Symptoms; as also in the Plague, and malign Fevers, and in the Hungartan Disease, in which they wonder∣fully prevail. They are good against the Palpitation of the

Heart, Faintings, and other like passions: they help Fits of the Mother, Falling-sickness, Verti∣go, Megrim, Lethargy, and Palsy. They cure the Scurvy, Impotency in Men, Atrophy, Consumption, and Hectick Fe∣ver, for which things they are famous. And that which is worthy to be known, they do these things without any pain∣ful operation, vomiting, griping, perturbation, or trouble of the Stomach or Bowels; and which is chiefly to be taken notice of, they perform all their effects by an act of strengthning the Body. Dose, à gut xx, ad xl. more or less, in a glass of Canary.

13. Powers of Harts Horns and Hoofs.

℞ Oil of the Hoofs and Horns ℥ j. Spirit of Sal Armoniack ℥ ij. Tincture of Salt of Tartar ℥ viij. mix, and digest.

They are Hysterick and Cepha∣lick, for which cause they take away all kinds of Hysterick-fits, even the most vehement; as also the pain and compression of the Praecordia. And in Fits of the Mother, where all the parts are irritated, and the Disease become as it were desperate, they have a most sanative power; for they destroy even the Cause of this most violent Disease, and of all other the most vehement preci∣pitations or disorders in the Wombs of Women; whether they arise from the retention of the Seed, or any other cause; which as they powerfully repress, so they perfectly quiet. Dose, à gut. x, ad xx. or ʒss. in white Wine, or some Hysterick-liquor.

CHAP. LXIV. De SALIBƲS.

I. Sal Absinthii fixum.

℞ ABsinthii communis quan∣tum sufficit, accenda∣tur ut penitus in cineres abeat albos; ex quibus cum Aqua ca∣lida Elixiviatur Sal: hanc A∣quam filtra, recentem supra faeces fundendo, donec nullum falinum ampliùs referat sapo∣rem: solutiones omnes confun∣de, & in Patella terrea munda ad siccitatem evapora; sique opus sit, secundà & tertiâ so∣lutione, filtratione, & coagula∣tione purificatur. Sal Essentiale paratur ex foliis Absinthii vi∣rentis, antequam semina pro∣trudere incipiat, contusis, in Aqua copiosa coctis ad medie∣tatem: fortiter decoctum cole∣tur per expressionem, colatura cum albumine Ovorum clarifice∣tur, & evaporetur ad Mellis liquidi spissitudinem; deinde reponendo in frigido ad cry∣stallizandum, siceantur Crystalli ad usum.

Sal Fixum incidit, aperit, abs∣tergit, attenuat, & Stomachicum est, Calculum pellit, Ʋrinam & Sudores ciet, prodest atque in Febribus quibuscunque. Dosis, à granis decem ad scruplam unam. Sal Essentiale abstergit, Stoma∣chicum est egregium, & Sudorisi∣cum; Vermes necat, Obstructiones Lienis & Mesenterii tollit, & Bilis effervescentiam sedat. Dosis, à granis decem ad scruplam unam.

II. Sal Aluminis.

Ex Capite mortuo, ope Aquae communis elicitur. Alumen dul∣ce, seu Saccharum Aluminis, fit ex Alumine in Aquâ communi soluta; dein digeritur & cry∣stallisatur, terque opus repete∣tur, ut Alumen dulcescat.

Sal Febrifugum est & Sudori∣ficum, sumiturque ante Paroxy∣smum, à granis sex ad sexdecim; postea manè ac vesperi datur in Vehiculs Antifebriticis. Saccha∣rum utilissimum est in Pectoris Morbis, praesertim ex Minerarum halitu contractis; Vulnera curat, convenitque Ʋlceribus inveteratis & Odontalgiae, partibus impositum affectibus. Dosis, à granis octo ad sexdecim, in Vehiculo aliquo adapto.

III. Sal Armoniacum volatile.

℞ Salis Armoniaci & Salis Tartari, ana partes aequales; misce, & sublima secundum Artem: sublimetur etiam cum tertiâ Castoris vel Succini parte.

Medicamentum est potentissi∣mum in Scorbuto inveterato, in Hydrope, insuper in Epilepsia, Apo∣plexia, Lethargo, omnibusque Ca∣pitis Morbis, quia Obstructiones potenter Corporis Humani tollit: attenuat, aperit, & diaphoreti∣cum est; exhibetur in Affectibus Pulmonum ex acri & corrosivo Sale oriundis, praesertim in Pleu∣ritide, Colico dolore, passione Hysterica, Obstructionibus Men∣sium, & similibus Affectibus; Pituitam tenacem incidit, Spi∣ritus in universo Corpore recreat, Sanguinisque Circulationem promo∣vet.

Dosis, à granis quatuor ad duodecim.

IV. Sal Cinerum cla∣vellatorum.

Fit, ut Sal Absinthii, Se∣ctione primâ.

Attenuat, aperit, resolvit, Hu∣mores fundit, cum Acidis effer∣vescit, eaque temperat & de∣struit, unde infinitis Morbis con∣ducit, praecipuè omnibus iis, qui ab Humorum infarctu, & à Fer∣mento acido generantur; ut Morbi Pituitosi, Scorbutus, Obstructiones Renum & Vesicae, Calculus, Stran∣guria, Ischuria, Dysuria, Febres, Hydrops, Podagra, aliique Morbi similes: nempe Meatus reserando, Sudorem ciendo, Humores solven∣do, Acidum & Acre absorbendo, Ʋrinamque movendo. Dosis, à granis sex ad quindecim, vel scruplam unam, in Aqua Elemen∣taria, aliove Vehiculo diuretico.

V. Sal Cornu Cervi Succinatum.

℞ Frustulorum Cornu Cervi crudi quantum sufficit, replea∣tur eo Retorta terrea, institua∣turque distillatio in Igne aper∣to, observando Ignis gradus; & prodibit cum primo gradu Phlegma, cum secundo Oleum, cum tertio Sal volatile: conti∣nuetur distillatio per horas sex, donec nil ampliùs prodeat; & habebitur in Recipiente massa, ex Phlegmate, Oleo, & Sale volatili conflata. Magna quoque pars Salis volatilis sub forma Nivis, adhaerebit lateribus Re∣cipientis, quod debet esse amplum, & maximè quadrans

ad collum Retortae. Oleum cras∣sum separetur à Phlegmate & Sale volatili, solvendo totam massam Aquâ purâ, filtrandoque per Chartam: sic Sal volatili & Phlegma transibunt per Char∣tam, Oleum verò crassum in Charta manebit. Aqua seu Phle∣gma, cum Sale solent cohoba∣re super Caput mortuum, ad albedinem calcinatum in Cucur∣bitam vitream cum Alembico, leatissimo gradu Ignis, & Sal ascendabit nivei coloris in A∣lembici capite. Recipe etiam Salis Cornu Cervi purificati libram unam, Succini pulveri∣sati libram semis; misce, & sublimatur: sic habebis Sal Cornu Cervi Succinatum.

Alexipharmicum, Diaphoreti∣cum, Cephalicum, Cardiacum, & Hystericum est; sumitur in Fe∣bribus malignis, Peste, Syncope, passione Hysterica, Arthritide va∣ga, Paralysi, Apoplexia, Epile∣psia, Lethargo, Ictero, Obstru∣ctionibus Ʋrinae, Morbis Melan∣cholicis; praesertim in omnibus Morbis per Sudorem curabilibus: penetrantissimum est Medicamen∣tum in Obstructionibus Mensium, & Affectibus reliquis Ʋterinis, & Nervorum Obstructionibus, in Morsu Animalium Venenatorum; quorum Fermenta potenter enecat, & per Sudores expellit; si cum Cardiacis & aliis Alexipharmacis misceatur, ut Artis est. Dosis est, à granis decem ad scruplam unam.

VI. Sal Fabarum volatile.

℞ Fabarum libras quinque, indatur Retortae terreae, vel

vitreae loricatae, & distilletur Igne aperto, sensim augendo Ignem, donec Oleum & Sal volatile ascendere incipiat; & continuetur distillatio per ho∣ras tres vel quatuor, donec Recipiens clarifactum erit. Li∣quor rectificetur simul cum Sale volatili in Arena, per Cucurbi∣tam vitream collo longo, cum Alembico suo; sic Sal volatile gradatim ascendabit in Alem∣bici capitis summitate, albi coloris; quod immediatè inda∣tur in Vitro optimè clauso, & in loco frigido reponatur ad usum.

Mirificè attenuat, resolvit, inci∣dit, aperit, dissipat, & penetrat; Obstructiones omnes incidendo Hu∣mores Pituitosos, & in fluorem re∣digendo reserat; hinc Ʋrinas & Sudores pellit, chronicisque Morbis convenit omnibus; aciditatem omnem temperat & extinguit; infinitisque Morbis utilis est, ut Podagrae, ardori Ventriculi, Scor∣buto, Hystericis, & passionibus Hypochondriacis, Epilepsiae, Apo∣plexiae, Lethargo, Soporosis omni∣bus, Syncope, & caeteris, quoniam Aegros mirè excitat. Dosis, à granis quinque ad quindecim.

VII. Sal, seu, Lapis Infernalis.

℞ Calcis vivae libras duas, Cinerum clavellatorum libram unam, misce; & Aqu•• purâ extrahatur Lixivium per ebul∣litionem: dein liquorem super∣natantem per Manicam Hippo∣cratis cola, & evapora in Vase sictili ad siccitatem; sic rema∣nebit Sal, quod in Crucibulo, Igni admoto, liquabitur, & ad

humiditatis residuae evaporatio∣nem ebulliet. Hinc materia, sub forma Olei in fundo Cru∣cibuli existens, effundatur, & in Vitro optimè clauso serve∣tur. Fit etiam ex Lunae cupel∣latae uncia una, & Spiritus Nitri rectificati unciis tribus, in quo Luna soluta, & ad tertias evaporata; infunditur Cruci∣bulo Germanico & amplo, & Ignem apertum, ad consisten∣tiam debitam evaporatur, tan∣demque effunditur, & in Vitro reponetur ad usum.

Causticam vim spatio semi∣horae perficit, & absumendis Ex∣crescentiis carnosis inservit.

VIII. Sal Martis.

℞ Limaturae Martis unciam unam, Olei Vitrioli unciam unam & semis, Aquae pluvialis cale∣factae uncias tres vel quatuor, ad octo; in Cucurbita vitrea misce, reponeque in Arena do∣nec Limatura planè dissoluta sit, videlicet ad horas duode∣cim; Solutionem calidam filtra, & evapora ad pelliculae appa∣rentiam; reponeque in Cellam per horas viginti-quatuor, ut Crystalli concrescant virides, quae ex liquore auferendae sunt, & super Charta sine Igne ex∣siccandae: Liquorem remanen∣tem evaporetur ad dimidias, iterumque repone in Cellam; sic denuò Crystalli concrescent, quas pariter sicca, servaque ad usum. Si benè operatus fucris, ex Martis uncia, Vitrioli uncias duas habebis. Sal Martis, quod Anima Hepatis dicitur. ℞ Olei Vitrioli libram semis, Spiritus Vini rectisicati libram unam; misce in Sartagine ferreâ, di∣gere

ad siccitatem: sic habebis Sal Martis album, quod collige, Arenáque sicca, & servetur ad usum.

Optim•• convenit Scorbuto & Melancholiae Hypochondriacae, Ob∣structionibus Mensium, Chlorosi, & Cachexiae Virginum, Ictero, Hydropi, Morbis Spleneticis, & Vermibus Puerorum, quibus speci∣ficum est; & in omnibus Obstru∣ctionibus Hepatis, Lienis, Stoma∣chi, Ʋteri, & Mesenterii, & aliis Affectibus inde oriundis. Do∣sis, à granis decem ad scruplam unam, prioris; & à granis tribus ad sex vel octo, posterioris.

IX. Sal Mirabile.

℞ Caput mortuum, in distil∣latione Spiritus Salis, vel Spi∣ritus Nitri, Oleo Vitrioli fa∣ctum, dissolve in Aqua ferventi, vel ad minimum tepida, ut non Vitrum rumpatur; solutum fil∣tra per Chartam, & evapora ad tertiae tantum partis remanen∣tiam, vel cuticulae apparentiam; residuum in loco frigido re∣linque per duos vel tres dies, & liquor magna ex parte in Crystallos concrescet, quae non debent esse corrosivae; quòd si sint, tum significat, nimis mul∣tum esse evaporatum ex Aquâ; necesseque est, adhuc simul A∣quâ purâ dissolvere, iterumque filtrare, tum evaporare, sed cautè, ne nimium Aquae evapo∣retur; sed tantum, ut possit hoc Sal aptè crystallizari.

Hoc Sal leniter coagulatum, exiccatumque super Charta alba in Arena lentè calida, in pulve∣rem albissimum reducatur; vim habet diversos coagulandi liquo∣res,

ut Cerevisiam, Vinum, Ace∣tum, si una pars Salis hu∣jus calcinati misceatur cum tri∣bus partibus liquoris, reponan∣turque per noctem, sic liquor cum Sale hoc abibit in Glaciem. Sal Crystallizatum catharticum est, Visceraque leniter movet per in∣feriora, omnesque Humores depra∣vatos & malignos educit. Ce∣phalalgiae, Hemicraniae, Epilepsiae, Defluxionibus, Odontalgiae, Hydro∣pi, I••tero, Arthri••idi, Vermibus, Febribus internè da••um convenit; ex••ern••, Ʋlceribus inveteratis, Vulneribus, Doloribus, Obstructio∣nibus Ossis cribriformis medetur. Dosis, a drac•…•…is duabus ad quatuor vel sex, in Vino, aliove Vehiculo adaptato.

X. Sal Nitratum.

℞ Salis communis, vel Tar∣tari, libram unam, Spiritus Nitri rectificati libram unam & semis; misce, & super Arena calida evaporetur ad siccitatem usque.

Hoc Sal potenter attenuat, pe∣netrat, incidit, aperit, & resol∣vit; refrigerat, & Ʋrinam mo∣vet; Li••hontripticus est, conser∣vatque à Putr••dini, & sic mali∣gnitati medetur; unde ejus usus in Peste, Febribus malignis, In∣flammationibus, & Febribus ar∣dentibus. Dosis, a granis quatuor ad scruplam, Vino, vel Vehiculo appropriato.

XI. Sal Nitrum Catharticum.

℞ Nitri fixati quantum vis, Spiritu Aceti dissolvatur; filtra, coagula, idque ter cum novo Spiritu Aceti repete: deinde solve in Spiritu V•…•…i, evapo∣raque ad siccitatem usque.

Suaviter purgat, idque per in∣feriora, Obstructionibusque Mesen∣terii & Lienis conducit: sumitur à scrupla semis ad drachmam semis. Hoc dicitur Terra foliata Nitri, & utile est in Febribus ardentibus, putridis, & mali∣gnis; Ʋrinam & Calculum ex∣pellit, & praestantissimum est ad incidendos & detergendos Humo∣res crassos & tartareos, & Mea∣tus obstructos aperiendos.

XII. Sal-Nitrum Nitratum.

℞ Nitri purissimi libram unam, Spiritus Nitri rectificati libram unam & semis; misce, & macerentur simul per horas aliquot: dein Igni superpona∣tur, & evaporetur liquor ad siccitatem; sic in fundo rema∣nebit Sal candidissimum, fracto Vitro, eximendum.

Locum Salis Prunellae supplere potest, sed mult•• fortius, & gra∣tius: omnibus Febribus putridis & malignis, Peste, Morbis Con∣tagiosis, Scorbuto, & Obstru∣ctionibus Viscerum convenit; Sitim extinguit, & Stomachi Fermen∣tum enervatum estaurat, Appe∣titumque excitat. Dosis, à gra∣nis quatuor ad scruplam. Per∣miscetur plerumque tribus partibus Sacchari albissimi. Externè Gin∣givarum putridini illitum con∣venit.

XIII. Sal-Nitrum Vitriolatum.

Fit ex Nitro, & Oleo Vitrio∣li, iisdemque proportionibus ut Nitrum-Nitratum.

Praeservativum est in Scorbuto, Putridine, Peste, & Morbis Con∣tagiosis,

habetque virtutes easdem cum priore: valdè acutum est, & penetrans; Ictero, Cachexiae, Anorexiae, Morbis Chronicis & Hypochondriacis conducit. Dosis, à granis quinque ad viginti.

XIV. Sal Polychrestum.

℞ Nitri purissimi, Sulphuris, ana uncias octo; terantur sub∣tilissim••, cribrentur, miscean∣turque, & massa per vices in∣geratur in Crucibulum (super carbonibus) ignitum, combura∣turque, donec pulvisculus gri∣seus vel rubeus remaneat: Pul∣verem solve in Aqua ferventi, filtra per Chartam, & evapora ad siccitatem; sic relinquatur Sal albissimum, quod usui ser∣vetur.

In Febribus intermittentibus insigne est deobstruens, si inseratur ordinario Potui Aegrorum; Hu∣mores purgat serosos per Sedem, & nonnunquam per Ʋrinas. Dosis est, drachma una pro una vice, in Cerevisia vel Aqua; vel drachmae duae vel tres in Aquae libris dua∣bus dissolvatur, ut fiat instar Acidularum; refrigerat, & Ob∣structiones optime reserat.

XV. Sal Prunellae.

℞ Nitri purissimi pulverisa∣ti uncias octo, inde Crucibulo mundo, superque Carbonibus accensis repone, ut fluat instar Aquae; fluenti adde Florum Sulphuris pulverisatorum dra∣chmam unam vel drachmas duas, qui per vices inspergan∣tar; quibus incendio absum∣ptis, Nitrum effunde fusum super lamellam cupream mun∣dam, ut fiat in Tabellas, quae

sunt ipsum Sal Prunellae, sive Crystallum Minerale dictum.

Refrigerat, repellit, Putridem arcet, Acrimoniam acidam tem∣perat; conducit in Dysenteria, in Febribus malignis, in Inflamma∣tione Faucium, aliarumque par∣tium. Dosis, à semiscruplam ad semidrachmam. Sitim extinguit, Ʋrinam potenter movet, Effer∣vescentiam Sanguinis sedat; Bilem compescit, unde Crapulae, Febri∣bus ardentibus, doloribus Nephri∣ticis, Obstructionibus Pulmonum, omnibusque Inflammationibus con∣venit. Prunellae dictum, quia mediante Prunellae factum est.

XVI. Sal, seu Saccharum Saturni.

℞ Cerussae optimae pulveri∣satae subtilissime libram unam, inde Cucurbitae vitreae, affunde Spiritus Aceti libras tres, vel quantum sufficit; digerantur in Arena calida per horas viginti∣quatuor, (ahi per septimanam) donec Acetum evadat dulcis∣simum, aliquoties Cerussam opti∣mè agitando, ne fundo adhae∣reat: Solutionem instar Sac∣chari dulcem, effunde, & re∣cens Spiritum Aceti superfunde, eodem modo procedendo, ut ante; haec operatio repetatur tamdiu, donec Acetum non ampliùs dulce fiat. Liquores omnes confusos filtra per Char∣tam lento Igne, ad quartae partis remanentiam, vel ad Pelliculae apparentiam evapora; evaporatum infunde Vasi stan∣neo, vel idem repone Vitrum in locum frigidum; & post horas viginti-quatuor in fundo Vasis stannei, vel Vitri, Crystallos

albos, vel substantiam Sacchari∣nam cum adstrictione dulcissi∣mam, siccandam, & usui reser∣vandam. Ex Cerussae libra una, Salis vel Sacchari colliguntur unciae octo vel novem.

Resrigerat, siccat, adstringit, & repellit, conducit in Inflam∣mationum principiis, Pectoris & Pulmonis vitiis succurrit; prae∣cipuè si Tinctura cum Spiritu Vini inde abstrahatur: Vermes necat, Venerem extinguit, Gonor∣rhoeam, Diarrhoeam, Dysenteriam, & Mensium profluvium sistit. Dosis, à granis duabus ad sex. In Affectibus Pulmonum: ℞ Sac∣chari Saturni, Nitri purissimi, ana; dissolve seorsim in Aceti Spiritu, solutiones confunde, filtra, & evaporando Crystal∣los fiunt. Hoc Medicamentum in Asthmate, Orthopnoea, & simi∣libus Affectibus prodest. Dosis, internè, à granis duobus ad de∣cem: externè, vel in Aquis, vel Ʋnguentis, vel Emplastris per∣miscetur. Saccharum syncerum omnes Inflammationes allevat, valetque in Affectibus Oculorum, Erysipelate, Tumoribus, & Ʋl∣ceribus; & propter duas cau∣sas medetur; Sal enim volati∣le Aceti Obstructiones solvit, & particulae Saturni, propter mol∣litiem suam, acres obtundunt Humores, & erodentes, qui Ʋl∣cerum sanationem impediunt, & cicatrizat. Cosmeticum est, & in Podagra calida, Suffusionibus, mira praestat; itidem in Contu∣sionibus, aliisve dolorincis Flu∣xionibus sedandis. In Gonorrhoea, nbi ab acri Fermento Venereo

eroditur Ductus Ʋrinarius, hoc Saccharum cum Aqua vel Lacte tepido, injectum per Syringam, praesens est remedium.

XVII. Sal Succini volatile.

Fit in distillatione & rectifi∣catione Olei Succini, colligitur∣que collo Retortae adhaerens, quod sic purificatur: ℞ Salis volatilis Succini Oleo suo foe∣tido inquinati, quantum vis, huic misce Salis decrepitati tantùm, quousque fit arida, & sublima ex Vasculo terreo, Pyramide chartaceâ munitâ; Ignem autem cautè rege, ne Capitellum papyraceum com∣buratur: sic enim obtinebis Sa∣lem Succini volatilem instar lintei, omnique foetore & em∣pyreumate liberatum.

Vires habet Olei, at potentio∣res; insuper passionbus Hystericis succurrit, Calculum & Ʋrinam pellit, & Sudorificum est; Pa∣ralyticis, Apoplecticis, Hystericis, Arthritidi vagae, similibusque Af∣fectibus, & omnibus Morbis fri∣gidis prodest. Dosis, à granis quatuor ad scruplam unam, Ve∣hiculo convenienti. Spasmos curat, & specificum est in Lethargo, Epi∣lepsia, Convulsionibus, &c.

XVIII. Sal Tartari.

Fix ex Tartaro calcinato, ut Sal Cinerum clavellatorum, Se∣ctione quarta hujus Capitis.

Attenuat, incidit, resolvit, & potenter aperit; acida omnia Fer∣menta, praecipuè Ventriculi, in

momento destruit, Ʋrinam mo∣vet, & Calculos pellit, Exaestua∣tionem Sanguinis sedat, Febribus ardentibus, Delirio, Vigilis continu∣is, Ictero, & Hydropi subvenit. Sul∣phura aperit, & sic praeparat, ut cum Spiritu Vini Tinctura genuinà elici possit. Dosis, à semiscrupla ad semidrachmam, bis in diem, Si Sal cum parte Nitri dimi∣dia factum est, optimum erit Diureticum & Lithontripticum, & Tincturarum extrahente, ad∣misceri solet.

XIX. Sal Vitriolatum.

℞ Salis communis, vel Salis Tartari in Aqua pura soluti, quantum vis, ita ut Lixivium sit limpidissimum & fortissi∣mum; huic successivê guttatim affunde Oleum Vitrioli rectifica∣tum, quousque effervescentiam sedatam notaveris: dein leni Igne ad siccitatem evapora.

Digestivum est nobile ad Ob∣structiones pertinaces resolvendas, praecipue Stomachi, Mensium, Me∣senterii, Lienis, & similium; Aperiens est egregium, & ma∣gnum Stomachicum; potenter at∣tenuat, incidit, crassosque Humores & viscosos resolvit: Cachexiae, Ictero, Hydropi, Calculo, Chlo∣rosi succurrit, & stimuli loco Purgantibus permiscetur; cumque Jalappa feliciter purgat Hydro∣picos. Dosis, à semiscrupla ad scruplas duas. Diureticus, Fe∣brifugus & Anticolicus est, valet contra Pestem, arcet Putredi∣nem, extinguit Sitim; inde con∣venit

nimiis Sanguinis ardoribus, Febribus ardentibus & malignis; ratione penetrandi totum Corpus, infinitis Morbis est utilis.

XX. Ens Veneris.

℞ Vitrioli Martis optimi re∣verberati & loti uncias quatuor, Salis Armoniaci uncias octo, misce, & sublima, bis vel ter cohobando.

Anodynum est, in summis do∣loribus; lassitudini Corporis ma∣ximè convenit, unde usus est eximii in Rachitide; Vermes ne∣cat, Obstructiones aperit & re∣solvit, valdeque proficuum est in Pleuritide ac Ʋteri suffocatione. Dosis, à granis quatuor ad duo∣decim, vel sexdecim, manè ac vesperi, Vehiculo aquoso appro∣priato.

XXI. Vitriolum Lunae.

℞ Lunae cupellatae uncias duas, eique affundito Spiritus Nitri uncias sex; collocato in digestione tepida, quousque Spiritus Nitri Lunam dissolve∣rit; solutionem ad medietatem, vel cuticuli apparentiam, evapo∣rato, & loco quieto locato: ita concrescunt Crystalli Lunares, quas à superflua humiditate sepa∣ra, & leni calore exicca, super∣fluum autem humorem de novo ad medietatem evapora, & pro∣cede ut prius. Hos Crystallos resolvito iterum in Aqua pura vel pluviali distillata; digere per horas viginti quatuor, ut faeces, si quae sint, subsidant; solutionem filtrato, & ad me∣dietatem

evaporato: ita de no∣vo Crystalli concrescunt Luna∣res, quas exicca, ut dictum prius, & reserventur ad usum. Nota primò, Quod Luna absolutè ab omni Venere debeat esse depu∣rata; secus enim Vomitus vio∣lentos excitare solet. Secundò, Quod huic Aqua solutioni quidam addunt Salis Prunellae tantum, quantum ponderavit Argentum, eum in finem, ut maxima ex parte corrosioum Crystallorum in∣fringatur.

Specificum & indubitatum Me∣dicamentum Antihydropicum est; Cephalaeae, Cephalalgiae, & Hemi∣craniae medetur. Dosis, à granis duabus ad quatuor vel sex, in baustu Vini calidi, Aquâ Cinamo∣mi, vel similibus Vehiculis con∣venientibus. Nota: Ʋt in forti eductione Aquarum humoris hydro∣pici, Viscera sunt corroboranda, Essentiâ Baccarum Juniperi, cum proprio Spiritu extractâ, & cum guttulis aliquot Spiritûs Salis acidula facta; vel Elixire Pro∣prietatis Paracelsi cum Spiritu Salis dulcificato, facto. Hoc specificum quinetiam in Epilepsia, Apoplexia, Lethargo, Vertigine, Convulsionibus, Arthritide, Pa∣ralysi, similibusque Morbis con∣venit.

CHAP. LXIV. Of SALTS.

1. Fixed Salt of Wormwood.

℞ COmmon Wormwood, q.s. burn it, so as it may be presently brought into white ashes; of which with hot or boiling Water make a Lixivium: filter it, and put fresh Water upon the faeces, so long till the Water will come off unaltered in the taste: put all these solutions into a clean earthen Pan, and evaporate to driness; and if need be, you may purifie it by a second and third solution, filtration, and coagulation. The Essential Salt. It is prepared of green Wormwood, before it runs up to seed, bruising it, and boiling it in a good quantity of Water to one half: then straining out the de∣coction by strongly expressing it, which being clarified with whites of Eggs, is to be boiled to the thickness of new Honey, and put in a cold place to crystallize, and drying the Crystals for use.

The Fixed Salt incides, opens, cleanses, attenuates, and is Stoma∣tick, expels the Stone, provokes. Urine and Sweat, and is good against all sorzs of Fevers. Dose, à gr. x, ad ℈ j. The Essential Salt cleanses, and is a famous Stomatick and Sudorifick; it kills Worms, and removes Obstru∣ctions of the Spleen and Mesen∣tery, and allays the effervescence of Choler. Dose, à gr. x, ad ℈ j.

2. Salt of Alum.

It is drawn forth of the Caput mortuum, by the help of common Water. Sweet Alum is made of the crude Alum, being dissolved in fair Water, digested, and cry∣stallized, and repeated three times, till the Alum grows sweet.

This Salt is a Febrifuge and Sudorifick, and is given before the Paroxysm, à gr. vj, ad xvj. afterwards it is given morning and evening in some Antifebri∣tick Vehicle. The Saccharum is profitable in Diseases of the Brest, but chiefly in such as are contracted from Mineral fumes: it is profitable also in the cure of Wounds and old Ulcers, as also the Tooth-ach, being ap∣plied to the part affected. Dose, à gr. viij, ad xvj. in some pro∣per Vehicle.

3. Volatil Sal Armoniack.

℞ Sal Armoniack and Salt of Tartar, a. mix, and sublime, ac∣cording to Art. You may also sub∣lime it, with a third part of Castoreum, or Amber.

It is a most powerful Medicine against an inveterate Scurvy, Dropsy, but more especially against the Falling-sickness, Apo∣plexy, Lethargy, and all Dis∣eases of the Head; because it powerfully takes away Obstru∣ctions of the Humane Body: it attenuates, opens, and is diapho∣retick; it is given in Affects of the Lungs, arising from a sharp and corrosive Salt; chiefly in the Pleurisy, Colick, Fits of the Mo∣ther, Obstructions of the Courses, and other like Diseases; it cuts tough Phlegm, chears the Spi∣rits thro' the universal Body,

and promotes the Circulation of the Blood. Dose, à gr. iv, ad xij.

4. Salt of Pot-ashes.

It is made as Salt of Worm∣wood, at Sect. 1. above.

It attenuates, opens, resolves, melts Humors, and effervesces with Acids, which it both qua∣lifies and overcomes, whereby it conduces to the cure of infi∣nite Diseases, but chiefly of all such which are caused from the stuffing of Humors, and are generated of an acid Ferment; as Diseases from Phlegm, the Scurvy, Obstructions of the Reins and Bladder, the Stone, Strangury, Ischury, Disury, Fe∣vers, Dropsy, Gout, and other the like Distempers: and this it does do by opening the Passa∣ges, provoking Sweat, resolving Humors, absorbing Sharpness and Acidity, and provoking Urine. Dose, à gr. vj, ad gr. xv. or ℈ j. in Aquae Elementa∣ria, or other Diuretick Vehicle.

5. Salt of Harts-horn with Amber.

℞ Little bits of raw Harts-horn q.s. fill there-with an earthen Retort, and distil in an open Fire, observing degrees of heat: so will you have with the first degree Phlegm, with the se∣cond Oil, with the third volatil Salt: continue the distillation for six hours, till no more will come forth: so will you have in the Receiver a mass, consisting of Phlegm, Oil, and volatil Salt; but a great part of the volatil Salt will stick to the sides of the Re∣ceiver, (which ought to be large, and exactly close with the neck of the Retort) in the form of Snow.

Separate the thick Oil from the Phlegm and Salt, by dissolving the whole Mass in fair Water, and filtring it thro' Paper: so will the volatil Salt and Phlegm pass thro', leaving the thick Oil be∣hind. The Water or Phlegm, to∣gether with the Salt, are usually cohobated upon the Caput mor∣tuum, calcined to whiteness, in a glass Cucurbit, with its Head or Alembick, and distilled with a very gentle Fire: so will the Salt ascend as white as Snow to the top of the Head. Take again of this purified Salt of Harts-horn lbj. Amber in pouder lbss. mix, and sublime: so will you have the Salt of Harts-horn with Amber.

It is Alexipharmick, Diapho∣retick, Cephalick, Cardiack, and Hysterick; and is given in malign Fevers, the Plague, Swooning-fits, fits of the Mo∣ther, running Gout, Palsy, Apo∣plexy, Falling-sickness, Lethar∣gy, yellow Jaundies, Obstru∣ctions of Urine, Melancholy Diseases; but chiefly in all Dis∣tempers curable by Sweating: it is a most powerful Medicine in Obstructions of the Terms, and other Affects of the Womb, and Stoppages of the Nerves, as also in the Bitings of Vene∣mous Creatures; which Fer∣ment it powerfully overcomes, and expels the same by Sweat∣ing; more especially if mixt with Cardiacks and other Ale∣xipharmicks, as Art shall direct. Dose, à gr. x, ad ℈ j.

6. Volatil Salt of Beans.

℞ Beans lbv. put them into an earthen Retort, or a glass one

coated, and distil them in an open Fire, increasing the heat by de∣grees, till the Oil and volatil Salt begins to ascend; and continue the distillation for three or four hours, till the Receiver becomes clear. The Liquor, together with the volatil Salt, may be rectified in a glass Cucurbit with a long neck and its proper head, in Sand; so will the volatil Salt gradually ascend to the highest part of the head, of a white colour; which immediately put into a Glass and stop it close, keeping it in a cold place for use.

It wonderfully attenuates, in∣cides, opens, dissipates, and pe∣netrates; it opens all Obstru∣ctions, by cutting the Pituitous Humors, and making them thin; for which reason it brings forth Urine and Sweat, and is good in all chronick Diseases; it al∣lays the acidity and destroys it; being profitable for the cure of many Diseases, as the Gout, Pain of the Stomach, Scurvy, Fits of the Mother, Hypochondriack Melancholy, Falling-sickness, Apoplexy, Lethargy, all Sleepy Diseases, Swooning-fits, &c. for that it wonderfully excites or stirs up the Animal Spirits in such Patients. Dose, à gr. v, ad xv.

7. Burning Salt, or, Hell-stone.

℞ Quick-lime lbij. Pot-ashes lbj. mix, and with fair Water make a Ley by boiling; decant the liquor, and strain it thro' Hippo∣crates his Sleeve, and in an earthen Vessel evaporate away to driness; so will the Salt remain, which put into a Crucible over a Fire, making it to melt, and boil away the remaining humidity.

This matter under the consistency of Oil in the Crucible, pour forth, and keep it in a Glass close stopt, for use. It is also made of cu∣pellated Silver ℥ j. dissolved in rectified Spirit of Nitre ℥ iij. this is to be evaporated away to a third part; then put into a large German-Crucible, over an open Fire, and evaporated away to a due consistency; then it is to be poured forth, and kept in a Glass close stopt, for use.

It performs its Caustick ope∣ration in about half an hours time, and serves to take away fleshy Excrescencies.

8. Salt of Mars, or Iron.

℞ Filings of Iron ℥ j. Oil of Vitriol ℥ j ss. Rain-water warmed ℥ iij, or iv, to viij. put them into a glass Cucurbit placed in a Sand-heat, till the Filings are throughly dissolved viz. for about twelve hours; the Solution being warm, filter, and evaporate, till a skin comes on the top; then put it into a Cel∣lar for twenty-four hours, that it may shoot into green Crystals, which take out of the liquor, and dry them upon Paper with∣out Fire: the remaining Liquor evaporate to one half, and put it again into a Cellar to crystal∣lize, as before; which dry, and keep for use. If you have wrought well, you will have from ℥ j. of Filings, ℥ ij. of Vitriol. Salt of Iron, which is called The Soul of the Liver. ℞ Oil of Vitriol lbss. S.V. rectified lbj. mix them in a Frying∣pan or iron Kettle, and digest to driness: so have you the white

Salt of Mars, which gather, and dry in a Sand-heat, and keep it for use.

It is admirably good against the Scurvy and Hpochondriack Melancholy, Obstruction of the Terms, Green-sickness, and evil habit of Body in Virgins, the yellow Jaundies, Dropsy, Dis∣eases of the Spleen, and Worms in Children, for which it is a specifick; as also in all Obstru∣ctions of the Liver, Spleen, Stomach, Womb, and Mesen∣tery, and other Distempers thence arising. Dose, à gr. x, ad ℈j. of the former; and, à gr. iij, ad vj, vel viij. of the latter.

9. The Wonderful Salt.

℞ The Caput mortuum made in distillation of Spirit of Salt, or Spirit of Nitre, with Oil of Vitriol; dissolve it in boiling Wa∣ter, at least so hot, as it may not break the Glass; filter the solution thro' brown Paper, and evaporate till a third part only remains, or a thin skin appears; then set it in a cold place for two or three days; so will a great part of the liquor shoot into Crystals, which ought not to be corrosive; if they be so, it shews that too much of the liquor was evapora∣ted; and it will be necessary again once more to dissolve in Water, to filter and evaporate, but with caution, that too much of the Water be not exhaled, but only so much as may put it into a condi∣tion of crystallizing.

This Salt being leisurely co∣agulated, and dried upon white Paper in a gentle Sand-heat, becomes a very white pouder; which has a virtue of congealing

or turning into a kind of Ice several liquors, as Beer, Vinegar, Wine; if to three parts of the liquor you put one part of this poudred Salt, and it be kept quiet for one night, so will the liquor be turned into Ice. The Crystals are cathartick, gently purging the Bowels by Stool, and bringing forth all sorts of de∣praved and malign Humors. In∣wardly given it is good against the Head-ach, Megrim, Epilepsy, Defluxions of Rheum, Tooth-ach, Dropsy, Jaundies, Gout, Worms, and Fevers. Outwardly used it helps Wounds, inveterate Ul∣cers, Pains, and Obstructions in the Nostrils, or Stoppages in the Head. Dose, à ʒ ij, ad iv, vel vj. in Wine, or other fit Vehicle.

10. Nitrated Salt.

℞ Common Salt, or Salt of Tartar lbj. rectified Spirit of Nitre lbj ss. mix, and upon warm Sand evaporate to driness.

This Salt powerfully attenu∣ates, pierces, cuts, opens, and resolves; it cools, and provokes Urine, is good against the Stone, preserves from Putrifaction, and for the same reason is good against malignity; for which cause it is used in the Plague, malign Fevers, Inflammations, and burning Fevers. Dose, a gr. iv, ad xx. in Wine, or some appropriate Vehicle.

11. Purging Sal Nitre.

℞ Of fixea Nitre, as much as you please, which aissolve in Spirit of Vinegar; alter and co∣agulate, which repeat three times with fresh Spirit of Vinegar: lastly, dissolve it in S.V. and evaporate to driness.

It purges gently, and that by Stool, opens Obstructions of the Mesentery and Spleen. It is given, à ℈ ss, ad ʒ ss. This Salt is that which is called Terra foliata Nitri, the Foliated Earth of Nitre, and is profitable against putrid, burning, and malign Fevers; it brings forth Urine and the Stone, and is very pow∣erful in cutting and deterging of gross and tartarous Humors, and in opening of obstructed Passages.

12. Salt-Nitre Nitrated.

℞ The most pure Nitre lbj. Spirit of Nitre rectified lbj ss. mix, and digest them together for some hours; then put it upon the Fire, and evaporate to driness; so will you have at bottom, a very white Salt, break the Glass, and take it forth.

This may supply the place of Sal Prunellae, but it is much more powerful, and more grateful; and is good against all forts of putrid and malign Fevers, Con∣tagious Diseases, and the Plague, as also the Scurvy, and Obstru∣ctions of the Bowels; it quenches Thirst, and restores the weakned Ferment of the Stomach, and stirs up the Appetite. Dose, à gr. iv. ad xx. It is oftentimes mixed with three parts of white Sugar. Outwardly, being rubbed upon the Gums and Teeth, it cleanses them, and preserves them from rotting.

13. Salt-Nitre Vitriolated.

It is made of Nitre and Oil of Vitriol, in the same proportions as the asoregoing Nitre-Nitrated.

It is a Preservative against the Scurvy, Putrifaction, Plague,

and contagious Diseases, and has the virtues of the former: it is very acute, and penetrating; and good against the Jaundies, evil habit of Body, depraved Appetite, Chronick and Hypo∣chondriack Diseases. Dose, à gr. v, ad xx.

14. Salt of many Virtues.

℞ Pure Nitre, Sulphur, a. ℥ viij. beat them into very fine pouder, sift them and mix them together; which done, put of the mass by spoonfuls into a Crucible red-fire-hot, upon a good fire, and let the matter burn till it becomes grey or reddish; this dissolve in boiling Water, filter thro' Paper, and evaporate to driness; so will you have a white Salt, which keep for use.

It is a famous thing in Agues, powerfully opening, if it be put into the ordinary Drink of the Sick; it purges serous Hu∣mors by Stool, and sometimes by Urine. Dose, ʒ j. at a time, in Beer or Water; or two or three drams, in a quart of Wa∣ter, that it may be made like to the Medicinal Waters at Tunbridge, &c. it cools, and notably opens Obstructions.

15. The Cooling Salt.

℞ Fine Nitre in pouder ℥ viij. put it into a clean Crucible upon a good fire, that it may melt, and flow like Water; to which put fine Flowers of Sulphur ʒ j, or ʒ ij. which by degrees let be strewed in; when all is consumed by burn∣ing, pour forth the melted Nitre upon a clean copper plate, that it may be made into little Ta∣bles, like Lozenges; which are

the Sal Prunellae, called also Cry∣stal Mineral.

It cools, repels, resists Putrifa∣ction, qualifies the acrimony of Acids, prevails against a Bloody-flux, malign Fevers, Inflamma∣tions of the Jaws and other parts. Dose, à ℈ ss, ad ʒ ss. It quenches Thirst, powerfully provokes Urine, and allays the boiling of the Blood; it re∣presses Choler, for which rea∣sonit is good against Surfeits, Burning-Fevers, Nephritick∣pains, Obstructions of the Lungs, and all sorts of Inflammations. It is called Sal Prunellae, be∣cause made by the help of Pru∣nella, a Burning-coal.

16. Salt or Sugar, of Saturn or Lead.

℞ Of the best Ceruss in fine pouder lbj. put it into a glass Cucurbit, and affuse thereon Spi∣rit of Vinegar lbiij. or a suffi∣cient quantity; digest in warm Sand for twenty-four hours, (others say, for a week) till the Vinegar becomes very sweet, by sometimes stirring it very well, that it may not stick to the bottom: this sweet Solution pour off, and affuse more Spirit of Vinegar, proceeding in the same manner as before; which operation so often repeat, till the Vinegar will grow no more sweet. Mix all these Liquors together, filter thro' brown Paper, and over a gentle Fire evaporate, till a quarter part only remains, or a little Skin appears on the top; being evaporated, put the matter: into a tin Vessel, or put the same Galss into a cold place for twenty∣four hours; so will you have in the bottom of the tin Vessel, or of the Glass, white Crystals, or

a very sweet Sugar-like substance, with some adstriction, which dry, and keep for use. From lbj. of Ce∣russ, you will have ℥ viij, or ix. of the Salt or Saccharum.

It cools, drys, binds, and re∣pels, and is good against Inflam∣mations in their beginning, pre∣vails against Diseases of the Brest and Lungs; more especi∣ally if a Tincture be extracted there-from with Spirit of Wine: it kills Worms, quenches Lust, and stops a Gonorrhoea, Diarrhoea, Bloody-flux, and overflowing of the Terms. Dose, à gr. ij, ad vj. In Affects of the Lungs, commix it thus: ℞ Saccharum Saturni, pure Nitre, a. dissolve them apart in Spirit of Vinegar, mix the so∣lutions, filter, evaporate, and cry∣stallize. These Crystals are good against an Asthma, Dirficulty of Breathing, and other like Affects, Dose, in wardly, à gr. ij, ad x. out∣wardly, they may be mixt with Waters, Ointments, or Empla∣sters. The Pure Saccharum (with∣out this mixture of Nitre) allays all Inflammations, and is good in Affects of the Eyes, in an Ery∣sipelas, in Tumors and Ulcers; and that for two causes, it cures them; for the volatil Salt of the Vinegar dissolves the obstructing matter, and the particles of the Saturn, by reason of their soft∣ness, obtund the acrid and ero∣ding Humor, which hinders the healing of the Ulcer, and so pro∣duces the cicatrice. It is Cosme∣tick, and does wonders in a hot Gout, and in Suffusions or Cata∣racts; it eases, and gives relief in Contusions, and other painful Defluxions. It is also a present

remedy in a Gonorrhoea, where the Urinary Passage by reason of an acrid Venereal Ferment is eroded, being mixed with warm Water or Milk, and then in∣jected with a Syringe.

17. Volatil Salt of Amber.

It is made in the distillation and rectification of the Oil of Amber, and is gathered sticking to the neck of the Retort, and thus purified: ℞ Volatil Salt of Amber, not perfectly freed from its foetid Oil, q.v. with this mix so much decrepitated Salt, as may make it into a dry sub∣stance, and sublime from an earthen Vessel, covered with a paper Pyramidal-head; let the Fire be cautiously managed, left the Paper-head be burnt: so will you have the volatil Salt of Amber, like lint or down, and free from all manner of ill smell, or scent of burning.

It has the virtues of the Oil, but is much more powerful; good chiefly against Hysterick∣fits, it expels Urine and the Stone, and provokes Sweat. It is good against Paralytick, Apoplectick, Hysterick Diseases, the Running-Gout, and other like Affects; as also, against all cold Diseases. Dose, à gr.iv, ad ℈ j. in some fit Vehicle. It cures Cramps, and is a specifick against the Lethargy, Falling-sickness, and Convul∣sions, &c.

18. Salt of Tartar.

It is made of calcin'd Tartar, as Salt of Pot-ashes, by Sect. 4. of this Chapter.

It attenuates, incides, resolves, and powerfully opens; all Acids it destroys, more especially the

acid Ferment of the Stomach, provokes Urine, expels the Stone, allays the over-boiling of the Blood, and prevails against burn∣ing Fevers, Delirium's, conti∣nual Watching, the Jaundies, and Dropsy. It opens the Es∣sence of Sulphurs, and so pre∣pares them, that their genuine or true Tinctures may be drawn forth, even with Spirit of Wine. Dose, à ℈ ss, ad ʒ ss. twice a day. If the Salt be made with a half-part of Nitre, it will be a very excellent Diuretick and Lithontriptick, and is usually mixed with other ingredients, for extracting their Tinctures.

19. Salt Vitriolated.

℞ Common Salt, or Salt of Tar∣tar, q.v. dissolved in fair Water, so that the Lixivium may be very pure and strong; to this liquor put in due order rectified Oil of Vi∣triol, drop by drop, so much and so long, till you find the efferve∣scence cease; then with a gentle Fire evaporate to driness.

It is a noble Digestive, for re∣solving rebellious Obstructions, chiefly of the Stomach, of the Courses, of the Mesentery, Spleen, and other Bowels. It is a famous Opener, and a great Sto∣matic; it powerfully attenuates, incides, and resolves thick and viscous Humors: it is good against the Cachexy, Jaundies, Dropsy, Stone, Green-sickness, and is mixed with Purgers to quicken them: mixed with Jallap, it purges Water pleasantly. Dose, à ℈ ss, ad ℈ ij. It is a Diuretick, a Febrifuge, and Anticolick; prevails against the Plague, re∣sists Putrifaction, quenches Thirst,

for which reason it allays the mighty ardores of the Blood, and is good against burning and ma∣lign Fevers: and by reason of its penetrating through the whole Body, it is profitable against a great many Diseases.

20. The Ens, or Being of Venus.

℞ Vitriol of Mars well rever∣berated and washt ℥ iv. Salt Armoniack ℥ viij. mix, and sub∣lime, cohobating twice or thrice.

It is an Anodyn in the greatest pains, and is wonderfully good against lassitude or weakness of the Body; for which reason it is of mighty use in the cure of the Rickets: it kills Worms, opens Obstructions, and resolves; and so is very profitable in a Pleurisy, and Fits of the Mother. Dose, à gr. iv, ad xij, aut xvj. morning and evening, in some proper watery Vehicle.

21. Salt, or Vitriol, of Luna or Silver.

℞ Of the purest and best refined Silver ℥ij. upon which affuse Spi∣rit of Nitre ℥ vj. put it in a warm digestion, till the Spirit of Nitre has dissolved the Luna; evaporate the solution to the one half, or till a little skin comes on top; then set it into a still place, so will it shoot into Crystals, which take out of the liquor, and dry with a very gentle heat: that remaining liquor evaporate again to the one half, and proceed as before. Take all these Crystals and dissolve them again in very fair Water, or distilled Rain-water; digest for 24 hours, that the faeces, if any be, may subside; filter the solution, evaporate to the one half,

and set it to crystallize again, which dry as aforesaid, and keep them for use. Where note, first, That the Silver ought to be perfectly freed from every par∣ticle of the Venus or Copper, otherwise it will be apt to be vehemently Emetick. Secondly, That some add to the last solu∣tion before crystallization, an equal weight of the Silver, of Sal Prunellae, that it may bridle, (as it will for the most part) the corrosive yet remaining in the Crystals of Luna.

It is a tried specifick Medi∣ment against the Dropsy, and certainly cures the Head-ach new or old, as also the Megrim. Dose, à gr. ij, ad iv, aut vj. in a draught of warm Wine, or in Cinamon-water, or other like proper Vehicle. But note, That because it strongly draws forth Water in hydropick per∣sons, the Bowels ought to be corroborated with the Essence of Juniper-berries, extracted with their own proper Water, and made a little acid, with some few drops of Spirit of Salt; or with Paracelsus his Elixir Proprietatis, made with dulcified Spirit of Salt. This Speeifick besides is good against the Falling-sickness, Apoplexy, Lethargy, Vertigo, Convulsions, Gout, Palsy, and other like Diseases.

CHAP. LXV. De FLORIBƲS.

I. Flores Sulphuris.

℞ SUlphuris vulgaris pulve∣risati libram unam, hic per se sine ulla additione sub∣limetur ex Cucurbita terrea in Ignem apertum artificiosa re∣posita, applicato Capitello vi∣treo, latissimo rostro; & leni Igne primò prodit Phlegma; secundò, aucto Ignis gradu, Flores sub forma Fumi in Ca∣pitellum ascendent; unde manu inter sublimandum saepius re∣moveri debent, ne nimis indu∣rentur: sublimentur Igne primò lento, sub finem fortiori pro∣cedendo, tamdiu donec totum Sulphur (relictis faecibus) sub∣limabitur in Capitellum: Flores Havissimos & levissimos, re∣moto Alembleo, cum Pluma∣ceolo collige, & serventur ad usum.

Pulmonici & Thoracici sunt; attenuant, incidunt, calefaciunt & siccant, Sudores movent; Alexipharmici, Bechici, & Vul∣nerarii sunt; Vulneribus, Ʋlce∣risque internis Pulmonum, Renum, aliisque partibus medentur. Pesti, Asthmati, Febribus ardentibus, Catarrhis, Morbisque Ʋteri con∣veniunt. Dosis, à scrupla una ad semidrachmam, plus-minus, cum Syrupo adapto, semel vel bis in diem.

II. Flores Bismuthi & Zinci.

℞ Bismuthi vel Zinci calci∣nati,

Salis Armoniaci, ana partes aequales; misce, & sublima, se∣cundum Artem, in Cucurbita forti.

Cosmetici sunt celebrati ad dealbandam Cutem; conferuntque ad Cutis vitia, Lichenes, Impeti∣genes, Lepram, &c. mixti sunt Olei de Ben, ad partem aequalem, pro usu.

III. Mercurius Sublimatus corrosivus.

℞ Salis communis libras duas, Vitrioli ad rubedinem calcinati libram unam & semis, Nitri purissimi uncias quatuor, Ar∣genti vivi libram unam, Mer∣curii Sublimati corrosivi unciam unam, Spiritus Aceti unciam semis; conterantur simul in Mortario lapideo per horam unam, doncc Mercurius planè dispareat; massam hanc Cucur∣bitae planae infunde, & in Are∣na impone: sublimetur tribus primis diebus Igne lenissimo, ita ut vix quicquam ascendat, nisi Aqua-fortis solùm, quae per Alembicum in Recipiens colle∣cta, ad usum servari poterit: quarto die augeatur Ignis, sic materia albissima in superficie faecum elevabitur, quae fractà Cucurbita, a faecibus facillimè separatur; Mercurium album sublimatum & corrosivum ad usum reserva; quò firmior & durior est, eò etiam melior est. Nota. Si lgnis nimis citò intenda∣tur, Mercurius sub forma pulveris sublimabitur, & altum petet, non tam corosivus, neque tam ponderosus. Vel sic, tempore brevissimo. ℞ Solutionis Mer∣curii in Aqua-forti factae partem unam, Salis communis partes

quatuor: misce, & per Retor∣tam vel Cucurbitam vitream, omnis Spiritus propellatur; post∣ea augeatur Ignis, & sic ascen∣det Mercurius corrosivus al∣bissimus, in usum reservandus. Haec Operatio quinque, vel sex horarum spatio perfici poterit, & aequè Corrosivum praebet Mercu∣rium. Temporibus antea, non nota fuit ista methodus, & jam Amstelodami conficiunt, & vendi∣tur pro duobus praetii prioris, tertiis.

Corrosivus & venenatus est, & si ad granum unam exhibeatur, Vomitum & Salivationes indu∣cit: Operationibus autem Chy∣micis, & Praeparationibus Medi∣cinalibus inservit.

IV. Mercurius dulcis sublimatus.

℞ Mercurii sublimati corro∣sivi optimè pulverisati uncias decem, Argenti vivi uncias se∣ptem & semis; misceantur in Mortario vitreo exactissimè, donec Mercurius vivus nullibi, sed plumbei coloris, appareat: mixturam Cucurbitae parvae sub∣limatoriae colli oblongi infun∣de, reponatur in Arena in Patella terrea, & lento Igne primò procedatur per semiho∣ram; postmodùm successivè augeatur ad incandescentiam usque, non vitreae Sublimato∣riae, sed Patellae terreae, id est, ad tertium Ignis gradum: sic ascendet Mercurius interdum ad summum Vitri, aliquando ad medium, Sacchari instar adhae∣rebit, faecibus in fundo relictis. Vitrum resrigeratum per me∣dium secetur Ferro ignito, se∣paraturque Mercurius albus & purus à faecibus. Teratur iterum

in Mortario vitreo subtilissimè, & per se sine ullà additio∣ne, denuò reponatur in recenti Phiala, & sublimetur sicut an∣tea; quo facto, Mercurium sublimatum, omnis acrimoniae expertem, ideoque dulcem di∣ctum, collige & serva ad usum. Aliter sic factum Opus. Recipe Argenti vivi uncias octo, Sa∣lis communis uncias sexdecim, Colcotharis Vitrioli quantum sufficit; misce, ac inde Phialae Sublimatoriae, & statim Ignis ei fatis fortis applicetur; assurgit Mercurius dulcis, qui per se iteratò sublimare possit. Nota, 1. Quò diutiùs laevigetur, eò magis albus fit pulvis, & eò citiùs etiam edulcoratur Mer∣curius. 2. Quò saepiùs sublima∣tur Mercurius, eò magis depo∣nit vim suam purgatricem.

Exhibetur cum aliis Purganti∣bas, ut Extracto Catholico, Seam∣monio, Trochisco Alhandal in sor∣ma Pilularum, à granis octo ad scruplam unam, vel semidra∣chmam. Blandè est purgans, Pi∣tuitam tenacem incidens & ex∣pellens; ac proinde in Gonorrhoea est Medicamentum praestantissi∣mum. Si per se sumitur, & ad scruplas duas Dosis extendatur, Ptyalismum seu Salivationem ex∣citare solet, ac in Morbo Venereo curando srequenter adhibent. Omnes in universo Corpore latitantes Humores attrahit, & fermenta∣tionem & praecipitationem satis magnaminducit; ideoque Attractivi & Stimuli loco, in caeteris Pur∣gantibus inservit; atque in Mor∣bis malignis & fixioribus, ut

Leprâ, Scrophulâ, Podagrâ, Lue Venereâ, Chiragrâ, Scorbutô, &c. plurimi est usûs; pro Vermibus Puerorum in bolo propinatur, à granis tribus ad sex; purgatque leniter per Alvum Humores serosos; unde cum alio Purgante adapto egregium est Hydragogum, Lymphae vitia corrigens. Externè Ʋlceri∣bus, Herpeti, Impetigini, Strumae, & partium Excoriationibus, im∣primis Venereis, medetur.

V. Cinnabaris artificialis.

℞ Sulphuris communis pul∣verisati unciam unam, fluat in Patella terrea super carbouibus, sine flamma, ne accendatu••; tum statim adde Argenti vivi uncias quatuor, agitentur per∣petuò Spatulà ferreâ, donec abeant in pulverem subnigrum, nec Mercurius ampliùs conspici possit; sic Mercurius erit ritè mixtus cum Sulphure: hanc massam redige in pulverem sub∣tilissimum, quod ex Retorta vitrea loricata in Igue aperto distilla; sic sesquihorae spatio, materia sublimabitur in collum Retortae, illudque totula sub forma grisea opplebit, aut sub∣rubicunda, quae tamen mox trita, rubicundissima evaderc possit, diciturque Cinnabaris artificialis: haec Cinnabaris in pulverem redigi, & adhuc semel eodem modo in Retorta nova sublimari, sic evadat rubicun∣dissima.

Curandae Epilepsiae, Morbis Ve∣nereis, Gonorrhaeae, Nodis, Tophis, doloribus nocturnis, aliisque Affe∣ctibus ex Fermento acido oriun∣dis, inservit. Intern! sumitur

à scrupla una ad scruplas duas, vel drachmam unam, pro multis diebus; externè, in Ʋnguentis & Emplastris, pro Ʋlceribus & Tumoribus inveteratis & mali∣gnis.

CHAP. LXV. Of FLOWERS.

1. Flowers of Sulphur.

℞ COmmon Sulphur in pou∣der lbj. sublime it by it self, without any addition, from an earthen Cucurbit in an open Fire, and conveniently placed, cover it with a Glass-head having a large beak; making first a gentle Fire, so will you have a Phlegm; then increasing the Fire, the Flowers will rise like Smoak into the Head, from whence with your hand in the time of sublimation they are often to be taken away, lest they crust or harden: begin at first with a gentle Fire, but towards the end increase it so long, till all the Sulphur (a few faeces only remaining) is subli∣med into the Head; which being taken off, with a Wing gather the pure yellow and soft Flowers, which keep for use.

They are Pulmonick and Pe∣ctoral; they attenuate, incide, heat and dry, provoke Sweat; are Alexipharmick, Bechick, and Vulnerary; they cure inward Wounds and Ulcers of the Lungs, Reins, and other parts. They are good against the Plague, Asthma, burning Fevers, Catarrhs, and Diseases of the Womb. Dose, à ℈ j. ad ʒ ss. more or less, with some proper Syrup, once or twiee a day.

2. Flowers of Tin-glass, and Zink or Spelter.

℞ Tin-glass, or Spelter, cal∣cin'd,

Salt Armoniack, of each equal parts; mix, and sublime, according to Art, in a strong Cucurbit.

They are a famous Cosmetick for whitening the Skin, and are good against the vices thereof, as Spots, Ringworms, Leprosy, &c. and are prepared for use, by mixing them with an equal quantity of Oil of Ben.

3. Mercury Sublimate corrosive.

℞ Common Salt lbij. Vi∣triol calcin'd to redness lbj ss. fine Nitre ℥ iv. Spirit of Vinegar ℥ ss. Quick-silver lbj. Corrosive Sublimate ℥ j. beat them together in a stone Mortar for one hour, or till the Mercury wholly disap∣pears; put this mass into a flat Cucurbit, which place in Sand: sublime the three first days with a very gentle Fire, so as scarcely any thing may rise, except an Aqua-fortis only, which coming by the Alembick is saved in the Receiver, and may be kept for use: the sourth day increase the Fire, so a white substance will arise upon the top of the faeces, which, the Cucurbit being broken, may easily be separated, and the white corrosive Mercury sublimate keep for use; which, by how much the firmer and harder it is, by so much also the better it is. If the Fire is increased too soon, the Mercury will sublime in the form of pouder, and will rise up high, yet will neither be so corro∣sive nor so weighty. Or thus, done in a shorter time. ℞ Mercury dissolved in Aqua-fortis one part, common Salt four parts; mix,

and thro' a glass Retort or Cu∣curbit force away the Spirit; afterwards increase the Fire, so will the Mercury ascend very cor∣rosive, and purely white, which keep for use. This Operation may be done in five or six hours time, and the Mercury be full as corrosive. In former times this method was not known, but now it is thus made at Amster∣dam, and is sold for two thirds of the former price.

It is corrosive and poisonous, and if it be given to gr.j. it induces Vomiting and Spitting; but is of use for Chymists, and making other Medicinal Prepa∣rations.

4. Mercury sublimed sweet.

℞ Mercury sublimate corrosive in fine pouder ℥ x. Quick-silver ℥ vij ss. mix them well in a glass Mortar, till the Quick-silver wholly disappears, and looks of the colour of Lead: put this mix∣ture into a small Cucurbit-subli∣matory, having a long neck; place it in Sand in an earthen Pan, and make a gentle Fire for half an hour; afterwards gradually in∣crease the Fire to a red-hot heat, (not of the Subliming-vessel, but) of the earthen Pan, to wit, to the third degree of heat: so the Mercury will rise sometimes to the top of the Glass, sometimes to the middle, having the resemblance of pure white Sugar, and sticking to the Vessel, the faeces remaining at bottom. The Glass being cooled, cut it in the middle with a red∣hot Iron, and let the white and pure Mercury be separated from the faeces. Beat the matter again

very well in a glass Mortar, which put again by it self without any addition, into a new Phial, and sublime as before; which done, the Mercury sublimate, (free from all manner of acrimony, and there∣fore called dulcis, or sweet) ga∣ther and keep for use. The Ope∣ration otherwise done, thus. Take Quick-silver ℥ viij. common Salt ℥ xvj. Colcothar of Vitriol q.s. mix, and put it into a Sub∣liming-vial, making a very good Fire of a sufficient heat; the Mercury will rise sweet, which may be sublimed alone by it self again. Where note, 1. By how much longer it is levigated, by so much will the pouder be more white, and by so much the sooner will the Mercury be sweetned. 2. By how much the oftner the Mercury is sublimed, by so much the more will it lose its purgative faculty.

It is given with other Purgers, as with Extractum Catholicum, Scammony, Troches Alhandal, in the form of Pills, à gr. viij, ad ℈ j, vel ʒ ss. it is a gentle Purge, cutting and expelling tough Phlegm; also, in a Gonorrhoea it is a very excellent Medicine: if it be given alone, or by it self, to a Dose of ℈ ij. it usually ex∣cites a Salivation or Spitting, and is frequently given in the French Pox. It attracts forth all the la∣tent Humors in the whole Body, and causes a very great fermen∣tation and precipitation of the same; and therefore serves as an Attractive and Quickner in other Purges; it is also of great use in malign and fixt Diseases, such as the Leprosy, Kings-Evil,

Gout, French Disease, Scurvy, &c. it is given in a Bolus, à gr. iij, ad vj. for the Worms in Children; and it purges serous Humors gently by Stool; for which reason, with other proper Purgers, it is a most excellent Hydragogue, cor∣recting the vices of the Lympha. Outwardly it cures Ulcers, Her∣pes, Ringworms, Struma, and parts Excoriated, chiefly from a Venereal cause.

5. Artificial Cinnabar.

℞ Common Sulphur in pouder ℥ j. melt it in an earthen Pan upon coals which flame not, lest it be kindled; then presently add Quick-silver ℥ iv. stir it conti∣nually with an iron Spatula, 'till it becomes a black pouder, and the Quick-silver can be no more seen; by which means the Mer∣cury will be well mixed with the Sulphur: this mass make into a fine pouder, which put into a glass Retort coated, and distil with an open Fire; so in an hour and halfs time the matter will be sublimed up to the neck of the Retort, and all the Sulphur will become a grey or reddish substance; which notwithstanding being af∣terwards beaten will become a deep red, and is called Cinnabar artificial: this Cinnabar being made into fine pouder, and once again in the same manner put into a new Retort to be sublimed, is made at length a most glorious red.

It is of good use in curing the Falling-sickness, Venereal Discases, the Gonorrhoea, Noder, Tophs, nocturnal pains, and other Disaffections arising from

an acid Ferment; inwardly, it is given à ℈ j, ad ℈ ij, aut ʒ j. for many days together; out∣wardly, it is used in Ointments and Emplasters, for inveterate and malign Tumors and Ulcers.

CHAP. LXVI. De MAGISTERIIS.

I. Arcanum Coralinum.

FIT ex Argenti vivi libra una, Spiritus Nitri libris tribus, distillatis cum tribus cohibiis; Arcanum in fundo remanens edulcando per calci∣nationem vel ablutionem, secun∣dùm Artem. Aliter. ℞ Ar∣genti vivi purificati, Spiritus Salis Nitri, ana libram unam, digere, ut solvatur penitus Mer∣curius; hinc abstrahe Spiritum Salis Nitri (in Arena, per Phia∣lam colli longi:) Mercurio re∣licto trito; affunde denuò tan∣tundem novi Spiritus Salis Nitri, ac abstrahe, id que ad tertiam vi∣cem; habebis in fundo Mercuri∣um corallatum elegantem, quem lento Igne paululum igniendo calcina. Dulcis est, & sine fa∣cultate corrosiva. Aliter. ℞ Prae∣cipitati rubri, Spiritus Nitri, ana libram unam, digerantur simul, & evaporentur; tum ean∣dem quantitatem Spiritus Nitri pulveri superfunde, digere & evapora ut antea: pulveri huic restanti, superfunde Spiritum Ac••ti 〈◊〉〈◊〉 supereminentiam qua∣tuor digi orum, digeratur per

dies duos, dein evaporetur Acetum ad siccitatem usque: ultimò, superfunde Spiritum Vini rectificatissimum, ad super∣eminentiam quatuor digitorum, digerantur, & distillentur in Arena ad siccitatem: Spiritum abstractum faecibus superfunde, & denuò abstrahe, donec Spi∣ritus Vini acidum acquirat sa∣porem; deinde recentem Spi∣ritum Vini faecibus affunde, abs∣traheque denuò, & pulvis usui servetur, sub nomine Auri Ho∣rizontalis, qui omnes noxias qualitates per omnes vias edu∣cit.

Specificum est purgans in Lue Venerea inveterata, & Affectibus Ʋlcerosis; solvit Morbos Chroni∣cos pertinaciores, utpote Quarta∣nas, Hydropem, Scorbutum, Rheu∣matismum, Lepram, Obstructiones Nervorum, Paralysin, & Scabiem inveteratam & profundam, tam Veneream quam alias. Dosis, à grana una ad quatuor. Expellit enim Pituitam ex Venereo Fer∣mento, & Ptyalismum, sive Sa∣livationem excitare solet. Mi∣scetur etiam cum Ʋnguentis, & exteriùs applicatur ad Ʋlcera maligna, Cancrum scilicet, Lupum, Fistulam, Nodos, Tophos, alios∣que Morbos externos & Defae∣dationes cuticulares.

II. Arcanum Jovis.

℞ Argenti vivi purissimi, Stanni Anglici optimi, ana partes aequa∣les; misce, fiatque amalgama: pulverisa, & in Spiritu Nitri rectificato digere, ac per Re∣tortam ad siccitatem usque distilla: massam in fundo reli∣ctam tritam ablue cum Aqua, & accensione saepè Spiritus Vini

edulcator; & securitatis gratiâ quinquies vel septies novum Alcohol Vini affundendo, & supra accendendo, figito; sic enim praeparatum erit Praeci∣pitatum Mercuriale Diaphoreti∣cum.

In Lue Venerea, Scabie inve∣terata, & Febribus pertinacio∣ribus exhibetur; potenter enim reserat Obstructiones, Malumque partium, interdum per catharsm, quandoque diuresm foras educit; aliquando blandè per Sudores opus suum destinatum perficit: si autem in magna Dosi sumitur, Ptyalismum sive Salivationem ex∣citare solet. Dosis, à granis qua∣tuor ad decem, vel duodecim, cum Theriaca, vel similibus Sudorife∣ris. Hac in operatione Mercu∣rius primitùs involvitur Metallo innocuo, ac proinde à Fermentis nostri Ventriculi, aliorumve Vi∣scerum, non ita facilè in actum educi potest. Secundò, per spicula acuta Aquae fortis, intimius & firmius unitur & figitur cum metallo. Tertiò, per flammam Spiritus Vini, Sales Spiritus Nitri qui post edulcorationem ad∣haerent, corriguntur.

III. Antibecticum Poterii.

℞ Reguli Antimonii, Stanni optimi, ana partes aquales; fundantur simul in Crucibulo, donec omnia benè unita sint: effundatur materia in Cono su∣sorio. Sic obtinebis Regulum valdè friabilem, quem in pul∣verem terito tenuem, & cum portione aequali Nitri calcinato,

ut in Antimonio Diaphoretico: post calcinationem habebis mas∣sam, quam in pulverem tenuem terito, eique Pluviam calen∣tem affundito, & cum Pistil∣lo agitato; sic enim lactescet Pluvia, quam leniter decanta; novam verò Pluviam calentem massae affunde, & procede ut priús: hoc continua quousque nihil nisi grumi Regalini, & sordes, remaneant: Liquorem lacteum in quieto loco repone, & defende, ita enim pulvis candidissimus praecipitabitur ad fundum, supernatante Pluvia, quae in sese combibit Sales ni∣trosos; pulverem saepiùs lava, quousque totalis Nitri acrimo∣nia ablata sit; tunc leni calore exicca, & servetur ad usum.

Exhibetur hoc Medicamentum in Lue Venerea; principaliter in Ʋlceribus inveteratis, Scorbuti∣cis, ex acri Sale originem tra∣hentibus; itidem in Hectica in∣cipienti, (quae neque per Decocta, neque per Medicamenta ulla Ga∣lenica curari possunt.) Ad Hy∣dropem, Icterum, Obstructiones Ʋteri valet; diversimodè autem, pro ratione subj ctorum, operari solet: in quibusdam enim per Diuraesin operatur, in quibusdam autem per Sudores, in aliis verò per Sedes, & quandoque ubi Ventri∣culus saburrâ oneratur, per Vo∣mitum unum vel alterum, vires suas ostendit. In M••rbo Gallico, Herpete, Scabie, Impetigine; & Ʋlceribus malignis, venereis, strumaticis, & scorbuticis, com∣mode exhibetur in decocto Guajaci, Sassafras, & Sarsaparillae. Su∣mitur successivè ascendendo, à granis quinque ad decem, vel

usque donec Aeger nauseam ob∣servit; quod signum est, Dosin esse sufficienter, & ad summam extensam; tum paululum de Dosi remitte, & eo tenore singulis diebus procede, simulac observa∣veris Medicamentum hoc operari per Ʋrinas; observabis etiam Ʋlcera maligna & inveterata de violentia sua remittere, quae tunc per inspersum Pulverem, vel per Ʋnguenta, vel Emplastra incarnativa, facilè consolidan∣tur.

IV. Bezoar Minerale.

℞ Butyri Antimonii glacia∣lis libram unam, ei Vitro, collo oblongo, affunde guttatim Spi∣ritus Nitri rectificati quantum sufficit, quod est, quamdiu effervescat: digere per noctem, tum distilla (unde Spiritus Nitri Bezoardicus) ex Retorta vitrea ad siccitatem usque; bis cohoba, tum pulverem relictum albissimum leviga minutissimè in Mortario vitreo, & in Cru∣cibulo mundo, super carbonibus accensis paululum reverbera per semlhoram, ut foetor & Spiri∣tus corrosivi avolent, & pulvis relinquatur insipidus: ne tamen comburatur in cineres, sed evadat ex flavo albus, qui est Bezoardicum Minerale. Vel sic: ℞ Reguli Antimonii à scoriis separati uncias duas, Aquae Regis uncias sex: macerentur simul, donec effervescentia ces∣set; digere per dies duos; sic Regulus in pulverem albissimum corrosus in fundo remanebit, supernatante Aqua Regià fla∣vedine tinctâ: huic postea su∣perfunde Aquae magnum quan∣titatem communis, sic praecipi∣tabitur

pulvis albissimus, saepiùs recenti Aquâ affusâ edulcoran∣dus. Nota. In his Operationi∣bus, non opus est affusionem Spiritus Nitri repetere, ut ple∣rique volunt; quoniam omnia saturata Corpora, suo acido, nunquam ampliùs immutantur, vel alterantur, & hoc est Ce∣russa Antimonii, seu. Bezoardi∣cum Minerale, sine Sublimato.

Ʋsus est singularis in omnibus Affectionibus Pestilentibus, & Febribus malignis populariter grassantibus; eas enim è Centro educit & evellit, Sudores poten∣tissimè movendo. Dosis, à granis sex ad scruplam unam; cum ali∣quot granis Cochinellae & Salis Absinthii, bis, ter, vel quater in diem. Est insigne Diaphoreticum, magnorum Morborum Remedium; summo cum successu exhibetur in omnibus Morbis per Sudores cu∣randis; praesertim in illis, in qui∣bus à spirituosis, oleosis, & sa∣linis Volatilibus metuitur Inflam∣matio Sanguinis. Variolis, Morbillis, Pesti, Febribus pestilentialibus, Ictero, Venenis, caeterisque Morbis contagiosis adversatur. ℞ Be∣zoartici mineralis granas qua∣tuordecim; Salis Absinthii gra∣nas octo, Cochinellae granas sex, Croci Anglici granas quatuor: Laudani opiati sesquigranam, Mithridati scruplas duas; misce pro Dosi.

V. Gryphus Mercurii.

℞ Mercurii sublimati quan∣tum vis, resolve illum in Aqua coelesti calida, solutionem ali∣quoties filtra, filtratam Vitro immitte, & guttatim infunde tantum Olei Sisis Tartari quan∣tum putabis re ••uiri, quoad in

fundo appareat & subsistat pul∣vis subrubeus: Aquam profunde, & pulverem retine, Aquâ com∣muni edulcora, usquedum de∣stituatur omni acredine & sal∣sedine: cohoba deinde Alcohol Vini, & abstrahe Spiritum; co∣hoba iterum, tum incendatur, & ferreâ Spatulâ continuo mo∣tu circumferatur, donec Spiritus Vini absumatur.

Valet praecipuè in Lue Venerea Gonorrhoea virulenta, Scabie pro∣funda, Tophis, Nodis, Doloribus Nocturnis, omnibusque Obstructio∣nibus Viscerum. Dosis, à granis duabus ad quatuor vel sex. Ex∣teriùs applicatur, Scrophulae ul∣ceratae, Leprae, Ʋlceribus mali∣gnis, Gummati Venerei, Cancro, Lupo, Fistulis inveteratis, aliis∣que Morbis externis hujus generis, si cum Ʋnguentis, Linimentis, vel Emplastris debito modo & proportione miscetur. Liquor de∣cantatus dicitur Aqua Gryphi, quae Ʋlceribus inveteratis ma∣ximo successu medetur.

VI. Mercurius Vitae.

℞ Butyri Antimonii quantum vis, ei superfunde Aquae com∣munis quantitatem sufficientem, & praecipitabitur pulvis albissi∣mus, multis affusionibus Aquae recentis edulcorandus, Igneque lento, inter Chartas super Cretam vel Arenam exiccandus. Mercurius Vitae correctus. Reci∣pe Salis communis decripitati unciam unam, Nitri purissimi sesquiunciam; fundantur simul in Igne, dein sensim injicia∣tur Mercurii Vitae sesquiuncia; fluant simul per horae quadran∣tem, dein edulcoretur Aquâ communi, multis affusionibus.

Incorrectus, Vomitus movet egregios; unde convenit in Pituita viscida, Bile, Humoribus tarta∣reis, & Ventriculi saburrâ, eva∣cuandis: Hydropi, Ictero, Ar∣thriti, Febribus ex Obstructione ortis, Chlorosi, Cachexiae, Rheu∣matismo, aliisque Morbis hujus generis medetur. Dosis, à granis duabus ad quatuor. Correctus, vires easdem habet, & sumitur à granis duabus ad semiscruplam. Infusus Mercurii Vitae. Recipe Mercurius Vitae unciam unam, Vini Cheriensis libras sex, stent in digestione tepida per horas duo∣decim, saepiùs commovendo; de∣inde Vinum clarum à faecibus separa per inclinationem. Hoc Vinum magis quam Pulvis in substantia exhibetur, securitatis gratià; sumiturque ab uncia semis ad sesquiunciam.

VII. Mercurius praecipita∣tus albus.

℞ Argenti vivi puri uncias duas, Aquae-fortis (ex Vitriolo calcinato & Nitro factae) uncias quatuor; misceantur in Cu∣curbita vitrea, reponaturque per noctem in digestione, vel donec totus Mercurius sit solu∣tus, nec quicquam in fundo conspiciatur superesse: Solutio∣nem hanc instilla Muriae, ex Aqua pura & Sale communi factae, (quantum scilicet Salis Aqua capere potest) dum li∣quor instar Lactis appareat; sic praecipitabitur in Muriam Mer∣curius in pulverem album: li∣quor limpidus decanta, ac affusa Aqua pura, coagulum album aliquoties edulcora, do∣nec tandem Aqua manserit insipida, & omni salsedine &

acrimonia privatur pulvis; de∣nique in Charta super Arena exiccabitur: hic est ipsa calx Mercurii, vulgò dicta Mercurius cosmeticus. Mercurius praecipita∣tus incarnatus; fit, si in loco Muriae, cum Urina recenti, eo∣dem modo praecipitabitur.

Si internè utitur, pulveri su∣perfundendo Spiritum Vini recti∣ficatum, eumque iterum per di∣stillationem aut incendium abstra∣hendo, pulverem edulcoratum reddunt; in parva quantitate, ad Luem Veneream inveteratam purgandam; in quo casu plurimis instar Panacaeae est, adhibetur. Externè, vim habet Cathaereticam, quod est, auferendi Excrescentias carnosas, quas blandè, & sine dolore corrodit: unde Fistulis, Pustulis, & aliis defoedationibus conducit, si pulvis Emplastro alicui inspergatur, & applicetur; vel cum Aqua fontana, Mellis Rosarum parva quantitate mixtâ, per Syringam injiciatur. Dosis, à granis sex ad duodecim; viro autem peritissimo, D. Wiseman, ad granas viginti quinque, diu∣turné. Sumitur in Febre quartana, Hydrope, Tophis Venereis, & in genere in omnibus pertinacissimis Corporis Humani Obstructionibus; cum Theriaca, Extracto purgante, & similibus. Hoc Praecipitatum Mercuriale album in emolliendis Tumoribus induratis, praesertim in Nodis Venereis, in Herpete miliari, & in Scabie profunda curanda, applicatur. ℞ Sac∣chari Saturni unciam unam, Praecipitati albi uncias duas, Spiritus Aceti uncias tres; mi∣sce, lentoque igne evapora ad siccitatem: ad hunc Pulverem

addatur Olei de Ben sesquiun∣cia; misce, fiatque Unguentum, leniter parti affectae inungen∣dum. Ad Tophos Venereos, ma∣gnarum virium est hoc Empla∣strum. ℞ Argenti-vivi in Aqua∣forti soluti uncias quatuor, Olei de Ben, vel Amygdalarum, uncias octo; contunde simul, de∣inque in Olla terrea concoquito, continuò cum Spatula lignea movendo, donec massam mol∣lem habebis; addantur Cerae unciae duae, pulverum Mastichae, Olibani, ana drachmas sex, mi∣sce, fiatque Emplastrum. Prae∣cipitatum incarnatum, habet vires easdem ut Album; sed da∣tur à granis decem ad scruplam unam.

VIII. Mercurius praecipitatus rubrus.

℞ Argenti vivi in Aqua forti soluti, ut supra, quantum vis: si committatur Retortae, distilla; si Vitro evaporatorio, evapora Aquam fortem ad sic∣citatem, & relinquetur calx vel materia alba, valdè corro∣siva, quae pulverisata in Cru∣cibulo super carbonibus accensis leviter reverberata, ut acquirat colorem rubicundum & splen∣dens, saepiùs vertendo Stylo, (ne tamen nimis diu, & in nimis forti Igne teneatur, ne in totum avolet Pulvis; si enim sublime∣tur pereunt Crystalli, & figuram rutilantem amittit, quoniam hoc modo Spiritibus acidis spolia∣tur:) sic habebis Mercurius prae∣cipitatus ruber, vocaturque ab∣solutè Praecipitatum in Phar∣macopoliis: huic Praecipitato Pluviam affunde, & per crebras ablutiones, quantum fieri potest

edulcorato. Postmodum quin∣quies vel sexies, Alcohol Vini superincende; ita enim corrosi∣vum Praecipitati mitigatur, & non tanto cum periculo interlus exhiberi potest: Ignem enim si ulterius continuaveris, ex Mercurio omne ejus corrosivum expelles; portio autem Mercu∣rii revivificabitur, ac proinde nec color rubicundus, nec scin∣tillae apparebunt lucidae.

Externê, inservit Excrescentiis carnosis eximendis, eamque stre∣nuè absumit, nullo aut exiguo dolore; sordes crassiores Ʋlcerum, & callos detrahit; ideo sordidis, putridis, saniosis, callosis, ser∣pentibus, atque aliis omnibus Ʋlceribus, quae vulgaria Reme∣dia contemnunt, & Cicatrici ob∣sistunt atque reluctantur, modo solus, modo aliis, quae citra mor∣sum siccare aut tergere possunt, mistus, utiliter adhibetur. In∣ternè, aliquando exhibetur in Lue Venerea, Hydrope, Lepra, Sca∣bie, Gonorhhoea virulenta, Dolo∣ribus nocturnis, (in quibus spe∣cisicum est) Scorbuto, Podagra, Gonagra, Chiragra, Rheumatis∣mo, Febri quartana, aliisque Morbis inveteratis & deploratis. Sumitur in parva quantitate, (tanquam interni usiis rarioris est) ad Luem Veneream purgan∣dam; in quo casu Salivationem movet, vel per Vomitum & Sc∣cessum purgat, plurimisque instar Panacaeae est. Dosis, à grana una ad quatuor vel quinque, in The∣riaca, vel Extracti convenienti, horâ somni, vel manê, si Cath∣articis

adaptis miscetur, jejuno Stomacho.

IX. Mercurius praecipitatus Principis.

℞ Praecipitati rubri supra∣dicti uncias duas, per trituram fiat pulvis subtilissimus, ei ad∣datur Olei Tartari per Deli∣quium, unciam unam; digere per viginti quatuor horas, saepiùs vertendo Spatulà eburnâ: post∣ea Alcohol Vini superincende, ac vigesies repetatur.

Vires easdem cum priori habet, sumitur autem à granis tribus ad decem, plus minusve, pro re nata: Catharticum est, atta∣men in nimia Dosi Salivationem movet: tuto & utiliter intra Corpus exhiberi potest, in Extra∣ctis purgantibus. Si in Theriaca datur per quatuor vel quinque dies, sursum & per Salivatio∣nem operatur; sic Morbo Gallico; Gonorrhaeae virulentae, Elephan∣tiasi, Rheumatismo; Arthriti, Leprae, Scorbuto, Scabiei, Ʋlce∣ribus malignis & Venereis, aliis∣que Morbis hujus generis medetur. Nota. Hoc Praecipitatum à Prin∣cipe datur à drachma semis ad drachmam unam, Dosis per∣valdè magna.

X. Mercurius praecipitatus iu∣teus, vel Turpethum minerale.

℞ Argenti vivi purificati uncias quatuor, Olei Vitrioli rectificati, vel Olei Sulphuris per Campanum facti, rectificati, uncias octo; misce, ac digere per duos dies in Arena; deinde per Retortam vitream distilla, (cum tribus cohobiis, ut dicunt Chyrmci;) ultimo, Igne vehe∣menti,

ut Retorta candeat: quo peracto, frange Retortam, mas∣samque albam exime, & tere in pulverem, quem Aquâ purâ vel distillatâ calenti saepiùs ab∣lue, vel aliquoties edulcora; & in momento, ex pulvere albis∣simo, fiet flavissimus; super quem Alcohol Vini (post dige∣stionem horarum vigintl qua∣tuor) ter accendas, ut tanto magis edulcoretur, fixetur, & à malignitate, si qua adest, spo∣lietur.

Purgat sursùm & deorsùm, magnumque Secretum est in Lue Venerea, Gonorrhoea, Elephan∣tiasi, Lepra, Scabie, Arthritide, Hydrope, Scorbuto, Cancro, Fi∣stulis, & Ʋlceribus Venereis & malignis: ex omnibus Corporis partibus per Vomitum, per Seces∣sum, atque per Salivationem evacuat; secundùm autem exhi∣bitionis modum. Sic quod haec Mercurii praeparatio ad infinitos ferè Morbos deploratos curandos utilissima est, maximè verò ad Morbum Gallicum & ejus sym∣ptomata. Dosis, à granis tribus ad sex vel octo.

XI. Mercurius praecipitatus, per se.

℞ Argenti vivi purissimi quantum vis, injice in Phialam, (peculiariter hoc in usu factam, infernè scilicet latam, supernè compressam, intus rostro angu∣stissisimi orificii, in ventrem us∣que producto,) ut tantummodo fundus operiatur: Phialae exactè ad aequilibrium in Arenam col∣locatae,

(ut Mercurius aequali crassitie ubique fundum tegat) subdatur Ignis primò lentus, post fortior, ad dierum quadraginta sinem usque; vel donec Mer∣curius in pulverem rubicundis∣simum, instar Cinnaharis con∣versus sit: hunc ablue Aquâ pluviâ distillatà, postea digere cum Alcohol Vini, & per di∣stillationem abstrahe, vel su∣perincende, securitatis gratiâ. Nota. Praestantior erit Praecipi∣tatus, si fiat cum Solis vel Lunae parte octavâ.

Sudores vald•• movet, Luem Veneream sexies vel septies ex∣hibitus eradicat, Lumbricos eli∣minat, Febres omnes tollit; omnes Humores vitiosos purgat, contra Infirmitates ex Humorum putredine, Remedium est; & utile in Hydrope, Podagra, Peste, Ʋlceribus malignis, Scabie, aliis∣que Morbis similibus. Dosis, à granis tribus ad sex.

XII. Mercurius praecipitatus au∣reus, vel Solaris; seu Aurum Vitae.

℞ Auri purissimi foliati un∣ciam unam, Aquae Regis uncias quatuor; misce, & in tepido calore Arenae dissolva. ℞ Ar∣genti vivi purificati uncias octo, Spiritus Nitri uncias sedecim; misce, ac dissolva: has solutio∣nes confunde, & in Retortam distilla ad siccitatem usque; calcinetur in Crucibulo calx re∣sidua, augendo Ignem, ut Spi∣ritus corrosivi secessum faciant à calce in fundo remanente: hanc calcem edulcorato, & cum

Alcohol Vini figito; sic obtine∣bis Aurum Vitae. Aliter sic: ℞ Auri purissimi unciam unam, Argenti vivi purificati uncias octo, misce, fiatque amalgama; hoc pone in Vitro infernali, posito ut supra apud Sectionem undecimam, cum Igne primò Ieni, post fortiori, donec ma∣teria in pulverem rubicundissi∣mum, instar Cinnabaris conversa sit; quod perfacilè sit opus, saepè eximendo, conterendo, & revertendo in Vitro infernali materiam; continuando autem ad opus perfectum digestionem: sic habebis Mercurium praecipita∣tum Aureum, vel Solarem.

Mirè praestat in Hydrope, Icte∣ritia, Peste, Pleuritide, Podagra, Rheumatismo, Scorbuto, Lepra, Elephantiasi, & Lue Venerea; Sanguinem enim purificando, & Medullam in Ossibus rectificando, omniaque noxia è Corpore Humano radicaliter pellit. Medicamentum est insigne, quod jure optimo me∣retur nuncupari Panacaea: in Morbis deploratis ex Humorum putridine causatis, singulare est Remedium, quia omnes venenosos & vitiosos Humores educit: Ver∣mes necat, & omnia Ʋlcera Ve∣nerea curat; purgat per Vomitum & Secessum, & in nimia Dosi assumptum, Salivationem movet, si sepè reiterata. Dosis, à granis tribus ad sex vel octo, in Vehiculo Morbe adapto.

XIII. Mercurius praecipitatus Lunaris, seu Argentum Vitae.

Fit per Dirsolutionem in Spi∣ritibus

acutis, vel per Amalga∣mationem Mercurii & Argenti; ut supra.

Vires & Dosin eandem cum priori obtinet. Summum insuper est remedium mundisicativum San∣guinis, ac totius Corporis in Lue Venerea; & specificum est in Ce∣phalalgia, aliisque Morbis Cepha∣licis & Neuroticis: magnum quo∣que fert solamen in Hydrope, pellit Aquam per Secessum & Ʋrinam, exiccatque fontem. In Caduco quoque, Colica, Quartana, Scorbuto, Scabie, Ʋlceribus ma∣lignis, venereis, & cancrosis, omni∣busque Cutaneis Affectibus prodest. Acres Humores mitigat, Pituito∣sos expurgat, Viscerum constitutio∣nem emendat; atque Phrenesi & Maniae medetur.

XIV. Tartarum Emeticum.

℞ Croci Metallorum, vel Vitri Antimonii subtilissimè pul∣verizati, Cremoris Tartari, ana libram unam, Aquae pluvialis libras sedecim; misce, & per fesquihoram coquatur: deinde filtretur, & evaporetur ad sic∣citatem usque; vel bullia∣tur ad cuticulam, & crystal∣lizatur secundum Artem. Vel sic, à Margravis. ℞ Croci Me∣tallorum, vel Vitri Antimonii libram unam, Nitri crudi pa∣riter pulverizati uncias tres; misce, & in Crucibulo super carbonibus ignito, detonetur: materiae relictae pulverizatae ad∣de Salis Tartari purissimi libram unam, Aquae fontanae libras no∣vem: misce, & in Vase ferreo

coque ad siccitatem; massam relictam pulveriza, & cum Aqua fervente extrahe, filtra per Chartam; (quod in Charta relinquitur, Vitrum est Anti∣monii, quod sicca, & reserve∣tur:) liquorem verò filtratum evapora in Vitro ad siccitatem usque: deinde massam relictam fortiter sicca, & in Vitro clauso Pulvis servetur ad usum.

Purgat per superiora, & infe∣riora, praecipuè Humores Pituito∣sos & Biliosos; multoque leniùs operatur, ac tutiùs quam Crocus Metallorum vel Vitrum Antimo∣nii: Emeticum est praestantissimum in omnibus diuturnis & Morbis obsirmatis: prodest autem contra Melancholiam, Maniam, Insa∣niam, Delirium, diutinos Capitis Dolores, Vertiginem, Epilepsiam, Apoplexiam, Difficultem Auditûs, Tinnitum Aurium, & Memoriam difficilem; contra etiam Nauseam, Inflammationem Stomachi & La∣terum, Icteritiam flavam, Hydro∣pem, Tertianas, Quartanas, alias diuturnas, continuas, putridas, & acutas Febres, Venena hausta, Pleuritidem, & Morbos in uni∣versum omnes quos utraque Bi∣lis excitat. Prodest porro contra Dysenteriam illam venosam tem∣pore Pestis vulgò grassantem, Morbum etiam Ungaricam. Dosis, a granis duabus ad sex, praesertim in robustioribus, cum Veoiculis appropriatis. Notandum etiam, cùm quis vomere incipit, dari solitum ipsi, vel Possericum vel carnis Jusculum; idque reiteran∣dum, ut eo facilius Vomitus pro∣vocetur,

& actio Medicamenti acceleretur.

CHAP. LXVI. Of MAGISTERIES.

1. The Coraline Secret.

IT is made of Quick-silver lbj. Spirit of Nitre lbiij. distilled with three cohobations; the Ar∣canum remains in the bottom, which is to be sweetned by ablu∣tion or calcination, S.A. Or thus. ℞ Quick-silver purified, Spirit of Nitre, a. lbj. digest, that the Mercury may be pre∣sently dissolved; abstract from it the Spirit, thro' a Phial with a long neck, in Sand: the Mer∣cury remaining beat or grind into pouder, and affuse thereon again the same quantity of fresh Spirit of Nitre, which also abstract, and repeat this work the third time; so will you have in the bot∣tom a bright corallated Mercury, which calcine, by burning it a little with a gentle Fire. So will it be sweet, and without any corrosive faculty. Otherwise thus. ℞ Red Precipitate, Spirit of Nitre, a. lbj. digest them together, and evapo∣rate; pouder, and affuse thereon the same quantity of Spirit of Nitre, digest and evaporate, as before; to the remaining pouder affuse Spirit of Vinegar, so much

as to over-top it four inches, di∣gest for two days, then evaporate the Vinegar to perfect driness: lastly, affuse thereon Alcohol of Wine, so much as may over-top it four inches, digest, and distil in Sand to driness: the abstracted Spirit affuse upon the faeces again, and again abstract, which con∣tinue till the S.V. acquires an acid taste: lastly, affuse thereon fresh S.V. and abstract again, keeping the Pouder for use, under the title of Aurum Horizontale, which purges out of the Body, by every way, all ill Humors.

It is a specifick Purge in an inveterate French-Pox, and Ul∣cerous Affects; it cures stubborn Chronick Diseases, as Quartans, the Dropsy, Scurvy, Rheuma∣tism, Leprosy, Obstructions of the Nerves, Palsy, and the Scab, inveterate and eating, whether it be Veneral or otherwise. Dose, à gr. j, ad iv. For it purges Phlegm in a Venereal Ferment, and is used to cause Spitting or Salivation. It is mixed also with Ointments, and outwardly applied to the cure of malign Ulcers, as the Can∣cer, Wolf, Fistula, Nodes, Tophs, and other external Dis∣eases and defilements of the Skin.

2. The secret Precipitate of Jupiter.

℞ Pure Quick-silver, best Eng∣lish Tin, of each equal parts, mix, and make an amalgama: pouder, and digest it in Spirit of Nitre, and distil by a Retort to driness: the mass remaining pou∣der, and edulcorate by washing with Water, and often burning from it S.V. and to make the

Medicine the more safe and gentle, affuse thereon, and burn off there∣from Alcohol of Wine, five or seven times; so will you have a Mer∣curial Diaphoretick Praecipitate.

It is given in the French-Pox, and an inveterate Scabbiness, as also in stubborn Fevers; for it powerfully opens Obstructions, and removes the Disease of the parts affected, sometimes by Purging, and sometimes by Urine; and sometimes it per∣forms the desired operation by gently Sweating: but if it is given in a large Dose, it is apt to cause Salivation or Spitting. Dose, à gr. iv, ad x, vel xij. with Treacle, or other like Su∣dorificks. Where note, 1. That in this Operation, the Mercury is intimately joined or mixed with an innocent Metal, and therefore is not so easily to be brought into action by the Fer∣ment of the Stomach, or of any other Bowel. 2. That by the sharp points of the Spirit of Nitre, it is the more absolutely, inwardly, and firmly united with the Tin. 3. That by the accen∣sion of the Spirit of Wine, the Salts of the Spirit of Nitre which yet stick to the particles of the Praecipitate after edul∣coration, are corrected.

3. Poterius his Antihectick.

℞ Regulus of Antimony, of the best Tin, a. melt them together in a Crucible, 'till they are well united: then pour forth the matter into a Fusory-cone. So will you have a Regulus exceeding brittle, which beat into fine pouder, and calcine with an equal part of Nitre, as in Antimonium Diapho∣reticum:

after the calcination, you will have a mass, which beat again into fine pouder, and affuse thereon boiling Rain-water, which stir about with a Pestel; so will the Water look white like Milk, which presently gently decant: affuse again more Rain-water warm, and proceed as before: con∣tinue this work so long, till nothing but the Reguline grossness and dross remains: this milky Liquor put into a still quiet place, and cover it from dust; so will a very white pouder praecipitate to the bottom, the Wa∣ter swimming at top, which imbibes in it self the nitrous Salt; wash often the pouder, 'till all the acri∣mony of the Nitre is gone; then dry it with a gentle heat, and keep it for use.

This Medicament is given in the French-Pox; chiefly in old Ulcers, Scurvy, arising from a sharp Salt; as also in the begin∣nings of Hectick-fevers, (which neither by Decoctions, nor by any Galenick Medicaments are possible to be cured.) It is good against the Dropsy, Jaundies, Obstructions of the Womb; but operates after a diverse manner, according as the nature of the Disease and Body does require: for in some it works by Urine, in others by Sweat, in some again by Stool, and sometimes when the Stomach is foul and loaded, it exerts its power in a Vomit or two. It is profitably given in the Venereal Disease, in a Herpes, Scabbiness, Ring∣worms; as also Ulcers, malign, pocky, strumatick, and scorbu∣tick, in a decoction of Guaja∣cum, Sassafras, and Sarsaparilla.

It is exhibited by a gradual ascending, à gr. v, ad x. or till the Patient shall find it begins to nauseat him, which is the Dose is large enough, and come up to the highest extent; then it may be a little diminished, till you find it to work by Urine, and shall observe that malign and inve∣terate Ulcers abate of their con∣tumacy, which then by sprink∣ling on the Pouder, or by appli∣cation of incarnative Ointments or Emplasters, are easily healed.

4. The Mineral Bezoar.

℞ Icy Butter of Antimony lbj. put it into a glass with a long neck, and affuse thereon by drops rectified Spirit of Nitre, q.s. or so much, 'till it ceases efferve∣scing: digest for a night, then distil (which is the Bezoardick Spirit of Nitre) by a glass Re∣tort to driness: cohobate twice, and the remaining white pouder levigate finely in a glass Mortar, and a little reverberate it in a clean Crucible, upon a charcoal-Fire, to make the ill smell and corrosive Spirits vanish, and that it may become insipid or tastless: but take heed it be not burnt into coals, but that it may change its colour from yellow to white, which is the Mineral Bezoar. Or thus: ℞ Regulus of Antimony, sepa∣rated from its scoria ℥ ij. Aqua Regis ℥ vj. macerate them to∣gether till the effervescence ceases, digest for two days; so the Regulus will be corroded into a very white pouder in the bottom, the Aqua Regis swimming over it, of a yellow colour: then affuse thereon a great quantity of Water; so a white pouder will

praecipitate, which edulcorate, by many affusions of fair Water. In this Operation there is no need to repeat the affusion of the Spirit of Nitre, as several advise, be∣cause the whole Body is satiated; nor will it admit of any more change or alteration; and this last Preparation is the Ceruse of Antimony, or the Mineral Be∣zoar, made without Sublimate.

It is of singular use in all Pestilential Distempers, and ma∣lign Fevers, which are gene∣rally mortal; for it protrudes and brings forth from the Cen∣ter, by provoking Sweat pow∣erfully. Dose, à gr. vj, ad ℈ j. with some grains of Cochinele and Salt of Wormwood, twice, thrice, or four times a day. It is a famous Diaphoretick, and a Remedy against great Diseases, given with the greatest success in all Diseases curable by Sweat; but chiefly in those, wherein an Inflammation of the Blood is feared to arise from spirituous, oily, and saline Volatils. It is good against the Measles, Small-Pox, Plague, Spotted-Fever, Jaun∣dies, Poison, and other con∣tagious Diseases. ℞ Bezoar∣mineral gr. xiv. Salt of Worm∣wood gr.viij. Cochinel gr.vj. Saf∣fron gr. iv. Laudanum gr. j ss. Michridate ℈ ij. mix, for a Dose.

5. The Mercurial Gryphin.

℞ Mercury sublimate corrosive q.v. dissolve it in boiling Rain-water, filter the solution several times, and then drop into it Oil of Tartar a sufficient quantity; at the bottom will be praecipita∣ted a pouder of an orange-tawney

colour: decant the Water, and take the Pouder and edulcorate with warm Water, till it is freed from all its acrimony and saltness: then cohobate with S.V. rectified and abstract the Spirit; which coho∣bate again, and burn it off; stir∣ring the Praecipitate round about continually, till the Spirit is wholly consumed.

It is good against the French-Pox, virtulent Gonorrhoea, ma∣lign Scabs, Tophs, Nodes, No∣cturnal Pains, and all Obstru∣ctions of the Bowels. Dose, à gr. ij, ad iv, vel vj. Externally it is applied to Kings-evil-sores, Leprosy, malign Ulcers, Venereal Gumms, Cancers, the Wolf, old running Fistula's, and other like Diseases of this kind, if it be mixed rightly in a fit propor∣tion with Ointments, Liniments, or Emplasters. The Liquor poured off, is called the Water of the Gryphin, which cures old Ulcers with admirable success.

6. Praecipitate of Butter of Antimony.

℞ Butter of Antimony q.v. put to it fair Water a sufficient quan∣tity, and a very white pouder will praecipitate, which sweeten with many affusions of fresh fair Water, dry it between Papers upon Chakl or Sand, with a gentle Fire. Mercurius Vitae corrected. Take common Salt decripitated ℥j. pure Nitre ℥ j ss. melt them together in a Fire, then by little and little cast in of your Mercurius Vitae ℥ j ss. melt them together for a quarter of an hour, then edulcorate by many affusions of fair Water.

Being uncorrected, it causes violent Vomitings; for which reason it is good against viscous Phlegm, Choler, and tartarous Humors, to evacuate the same, as also to empty a loaded or oppressed Stomach: it cures the Dropsy, Jaundies, Gout, Fevers arising from Obstructions, the Green-sickness, Cachexy, Rheu∣matism, and other Diseases of like kind. Dose, à gr. ij, ad iv. Being corrected, it has the same virtues still, but is given in a larger Dose; as à gr. ij, ad x. Infusion of Mercurius Vitae. Take Mercurius Vitae ℥ j. Sherry-Wine lbvj. let them stand in a warm digestion 12 hours, often shaking the Glass; then decant the clear Wine from the faeces. This Wine is rather (for its safety sake) to be given, than the Pouder in substance. Dose, ab ℥ j, ad ℥ j ss.

7. White Praecipitate.

℞ Purified Quicksilver ℥ij. Aqua fortis (made from calcin'd Vitriol and Nitre) ℥ iv. mix them in a glass Cucurbit, and put them for a night in digestion, or till all the Mercury is dissolved, nor any particle of it remains to be seen in the bottom: drop this Solution into a strong Pickle made of Salt, (to wit, so much Salt as the Water will dissolve) the mixture will presently look like Milk, and the Mercury will praecipitate into a white pouder: decant the clear liquor, and affuse on the pouder pure fair Water, which oftentimes edulcorate, so long, till the Water comes off insipid, and the pouder remains free from all manner of saltness and acrimony; then dry it between Papers upon

Sand: so have you a Calx of Mercury, which is commonly cal∣led Cosmetick Mercury. Flesh-colour'd Praecipitate; it is made after the same manner, if instead of the Salt-pickle, you praecipitate the Mercury with new made Ʋrine.

If you use this Pouder in∣wardly, affuse thereon rectified S.V. and abstract the same either by distillation or accen∣ding, thereby to edulcorate it; then it is given in a small Dose, to purge, in an inveterate Lues, or French-Pox; in which Dis∣ease it is exhibited by many as a Panacaea. Outwardly, it has a Catheretick force, by which it takes away fleshy Excrescencies, which it corrodes gently, and without pain: for which reason it is good against Fistula's, Pu∣stules, and other Defoedations; if it be sprinkled upon any Emplaster, and applied; or other∣wise commixed with fair Water, and a little Honey of Roses, and injected thereinto with a Sy∣ringe. Dose, à gr. vj, ad xij. but by Mr. Wiseman, that skilful Chirurgian, it was given daily ad gr. xxv. It is exhibited in Quartan-agues, the Dropsy, Ve∣neral Tophs, and generally stubborn Obstructions of the Humane Body, with Treacle, a purging Extract, or some such like. This white Mercurial Prae∣cipitate is also applied for the softning hard Tumors, chiefly of Venereal Nodes, in a Herpes Miliaris, and a malign Scabbi∣ness. ℞ Saccharum Saturni ℥ j. white Praecipitate ℥ ij. Spirit of Vinegar ℥ iij. mix, and with a

gentle fire evaporate to driness: to the remaining matter add Oil of Ben ℥ j ss. mix, and make an Ointment, with which gently anoint the part affected. This Emplaster is of great power against Vene∣real Tophs. ℞ Quick-silver dis∣solved in Aqua-fortis ℥ iv. Oil of Ben, or of Almonds ℥ viij. beat them well together, and then boil them in an earthen Pot, conti∣tinually stirring it with a wooden Spatula, till it is made a soft mass; to which add Wax ℥ ij. pouders of Mastich, of Olibanum, a. ʒ vj. mix, and make an Em∣plaster. The Flesh-coloured Prae∣cipitate has the same virtues as the White, but is given à ℈ ss, ad ℈ j.

8. Red Praecipitate.

℞ Quick-silver dissolved in Aqua fortis, as above, q.v. which, if you put it into a Retort, distil; but if into an Evaporating-glass, evaporate away the Aqua fortis to driness, so will you have a calx, or white matter, very cor∣rosive; which pouder, and put into a Crucible upon live coals, and gently reverberate, that it may have a shining red colour, often∣times stirring it with an iron Rod: (but let it not be too long in the Fire, nor in too strong a Fire, lest the whole flies upwards; for if it should sublime, it would lose its crystalline and shining form, because thereby it would be robbed of all acid Spirits:) so will you have a red praecipitate Mercury, which in the Shops is simply cal∣led Praecipitate. On this Prae∣cipitate affuse Rain-water, and by manifold ablutions, edulcorate

or sweeten it. Afterwards burn off from it rectified S.V. five or six times; for by that means the cor∣rosive quality of the Praecipitate will be diminished, and may be given inwardly with so much the less danger: now if the Burn∣ing should be continued any lon∣ger, the corrosive would be wholly destroyed, and a part of the Mer∣cury revived; whereby the red colour, and shining brightness would be lost.

Outwardly, it is of use for ta∣king away of Caruncles or fleshy Excrescencies, which it admira∣bly consumes, with little or no pain; it removes the thick filth and callus of Ulcers; and it is of exceeding good use for filthy, putrid, running, callous, and creeping Ulcers, and indeed for all other kinds of old Sores, which vulgar Remedies have no force upon, and which are rebel∣lious, and not easy to heal; whe∣ther used alone, or mixed with other things which have a power to cleanse and dry, without biting. Inwardly, it is sometimes given in the French-Pox, Dropsy, Leprosy, Scabbiness, virulent Go∣norrhoea, nocturnal Pains, (for which it is a specifick) the Scur∣vy, Gout in the Feet, Knees, and Hands; in a Rheumatism, quartan-Ague, and other inveterate and deplorable Diseases. It is given in small quantity (tho' it is seldom used internally) against the French-Pox; in which case it carries of the Venereal venom, either by Salivation, or by Vo∣mit, or by Stool, and by several it is used as a Panacaea. Dose, à gr. j, ad iv, vel v. in Treacle, or

some proper Extract, at bed∣time; but if with any congruous Cathartick, in the morning fasting.

9. The Princes Pouder.

℞ Of the aforesaid red Praeci∣pitate ℥ ij. make it into a subtil pouder by grinding; to which add Oil of Tartar per deliquium ℥j. digest for twenty-four hours, often stirring it with an ivory Spatula; afterwards burn off from it recti∣fied S.V. which repeat twenty times.

It has the same virtues with the former, but is given à gr. iij, ad x. more or less; as the nature of the subject requires: it is Cathartick, but given in too great a Dose, it causes Spitting or Salivation: it is safe, and profitably given inwardly, in some purging Extract. If it be given in Treacle, for four or five days, it works upwards, and by Salivation; and so it is said to cure the French Disease, viru∣lent Gonorrhoea, Elephantiasis, Rheumatism, Gout, Leprosy, Scurvy, Scabbiness, malign and Venereal Ulcers, with other Dif∣eases of this kind. Where note. That the Prince gave it à ʒ ss, ad ʒ j. which is indeed a Dose too great.

10. Yellow Praecipitate, or Mineral Turbeth.

℞ Quick-silver purified ℥ iv. rectified Oil of Vitriol, or rectified Oil of Sulphur made per Campa∣num ℥ viij. mix, and digest in Sand for two days; then distil by a glass Retort, (with three Coho∣bations, as some Chymists say) and towards the end, with a very strong Fire, so that the

Retort may be red-hot: which done, break the Retort, and take forth the mass, which will be white, and beat it into a pouder, which wash oftentimes with fair, or distilled Water, boiling-hot; so will the pouder be changed imme∣diately from an exceeding white∣ness, to an exceeding yellowness; upon which put Alcohol of Wine, digest twenty-four hours; then thrice deflagrate it, or burn it off from it, that it may be (by so much) the more sweetned, fixed, and freed from its malignity, if any yet remain.

It purges upwards and down∣wards, and is a great Secret in curing the French-Pox, Gonor∣rhoea, Elephantiasis, Leprosy, Scabbiness, Gout, Dropsy, Scurvy, Cancers, Fistula's, as also malign and Venereal Ulcers: it eva∣cuates Humors from all parts of the Body, by Vomit and Stool, as also by Salivation, but ac∣cording to the manner of the exhibition. So that this prepa∣ration of Mercury is a most ex∣cellent thing for the cure of al∣most aninfinite of deplorable Dis∣eases, but more especially for the cure of the French Pox, and the symptoms arising there-from. Dose, à gr. iij, ad vj, vel viij.

11. Mercury praecipitated, by it self.

℞ Quick-silver purified, q.v. put it into a Phial, (such a one as is made peculiarly for this use, viz. broad downwards at the bottom, and narrow upwards, having a neck or beak turned in∣wards into its belly, with a very narrow mouth) that the bottom only may be covered; place the Phial

in Sand, exactly in an aequili∣brium, (that the Mercury may cover the bottom all over of an equal thickness;) give it fire, first gentle, afterwards stronger, for the space of full fourty days, or till the Mercury becomes a very red pouder, much like to Cinnabar; this wash with distilled Rain-water; after which digest it with rectified S.V. and abstract it again by distillation, or burn it off for advantage of the Medi∣cine. Where note, That the Praecipitate will yet be more pow∣erful, if it be made with an eighth part of Gold or Siver.

It powerfully provokes Sweat, and cures the French Disease at six or seven times taking; it kills Worms, and takes away all sorts of Fevers; it purges all sorts of vitious Humors, and is a Remedy against Diseases which arise from Putrifaction of Humors; it is also a good thing against the Dropsie, Gout, Plague, malign Ulcers, Scabbiness, and other like Diseases. Dose, à gr. iij. ad vj.

12. Solar, or golden Praecipi∣tate; or Aurum Vitae.

℞ Of pure fine Gold in leaves ℥ j. Aqua Regis ℥ iv. mix, and dissolve in a warm Sand-heat. ℞ Purified Quick-silver ℥ viij. Spirit of Nitre ℥ xvj. mix, and dissolve: join these solutions to∣gether, and distil in a Retort to perfect driness; the remaining matter calcine in a Crucible, in∣creasing the Fire, that the corro∣sive Spirits may be forced away from the calx remaining in the bottom, which calx edulcorate, and fix with rectified S.V. so

will you have Aurum Vitae. Otherwise thus: ℞ Of the most fine Gold ℥ j. purified Quick-silver ℥ viij. mix, and make an amal∣gama; put this into a Glass-infernum, placed as directed at Sect. 11. above, making at first a very gentle Fire, afterwards a stronger, till the matter becomes a very red pouder, much like to Cinnabar; which work will be easily done, by often taking it forth, and beating or grinding it, and putting it again into the Infernum, and so continuing the digestion to the perfecting of the work: thus have you Solar, or Golden Prae∣cipitate.

It prevails wonderfully against the Dropsy, Jaundies, Gont, Plague, Pleurisy, Rheumatism, Scurvy, Leprosy, Elephantiasis, and French-Pox; for it purifies the Blood, and strengthens the Marrow in the Bones, and radi∣cally drives forth all noxious Matters or Humors out of the Humane Body. It is a famous Medicine, and deserves by the greatest right to be called a Pan∣acaea, or All-heal: it is a singular Remedy in all deplorable Dis∣eases arising from the putrifa∣ction of Humors, for that it expels or drives out all venene and vitious Humors: it kills Worms, and heals all Venereal Ulcers; purges both by Vomit and Stool, and taken in somewhat too large a Dose, causes Saliva∣tion, if often repeated. Dose, à gr. iij, ad vj, vel viij. in some Vehicle proper to the Disease.

13. Lunar, or Silver Praecipitate, or Argentum Vitae.

It is made by a Dissolution in

strong Waters, of Mercury and Silver, or by an Amalgamation; as in the former.

It has also the same Virtues and Dose with the former, but is the greatest Remedy for pu∣rifying the Blood, and of the whole Body in the French-Pox, that can be; it is a specifick in an Head-ach, and other Dis∣eases of the Head and Nerves: it gives also great relief in a Dropsy, expelling the Water both by Stool and Urine, and drying up the very fountain or spring. It is good also against the Falling-sickness, Colick, quartan Ague, Scurvy, Scabbiness, malign, venereal, and cancerous Ulcers, and all sorts of Cutaneous Af∣fects. It qualifies sharp Humors, purges Phlegmatick matter, re∣ctifies the constitution of the Bowels, and cures Phrensies and Madness,

14. Vomiting Tartar.

℞ Crocus Metallorum, or Glass of Antimony in very subtil pouder, Cream of Tartar, ana lbj. Rain-water lbxvj. mix, and boil for an hour and half, then filter, and evaporate to driness; or boil till a skin appears on top, and set it to crystallize, according to Art. Or thus, according to Margrave. ℞ Crocus Metallorum, or Glass of Antimony lbj. crude Nitre a little poudred ℥ iij. mix, and in a red-hot Crucible upon live coals make the detonation: the remain∣ing matter pouder, and put there∣to of pure fine Salt of Tartar lbj. fair Water lbix. mix them, and boil in an iron Kettle to dri∣ness; the mass remaining, pouder, and extract with boiling Water,

filter thro' Paper: (that which remains in the Paper, is the Glass of Antimony, which dry, and keep for other uses:) the filtred liquor evaporate in a Glass to perfect driness; and dry it with a strong heat, then put it up into a Glass, which stop close, and keep it for use.

It purges both upwards and downwards, chiefly Phlegmatick and Cholerick Humors, and it works much more gently and safely than Crocus of Metals, or Glass of Antimony; it is a most powerful Emetick in all long continued and stubborn Dis∣eases: it is good against Melan∣choly, Madness, Phrenzy, Dotage, long continued Pains of the Head, Vertigo, Epilepsy, Apople∣xy, Difficulty of Hearing, Noise and Ringing in the Ears, Short∣ness of Memory, Loathing of Meat, Inflammation of the Sto∣mach and Sides, the yellow Jaun∣dies, Dropsy, Tertian Agues, Quartan Agues, and other chronick, continual, putrid, and acute Fevers; poysonous Draughts, Pleurisies, and all other Diseases of the Body pro∣ceeding from Choler or Melan∣choly. It prevails also against a malign Bloody-flux, which is generally mortal in a Plague-time; as also against the Calen∣ture, or Hungarian Fever. Dose, à gr. ij, ad vj. but to strong consti∣tutions, and in some proper Vehicle. Here is to be noted, when the Sick begins to vomit, they are to drink either Posset∣drink, or Broth made of flesh, (as Mutton or Veal) which is to be often repeated, that the Vomiting may be performed

thereby more easily, and the operation of the Medicine, with all the speed imaginable.

CHAP. LXVII. De SYRƲPIS.

I. Syrupus Simplex.

℞ AQuae fontanae vel Succi Angelioae libras tres, Spiritus Vini libram unam, Sac∣chari albissimi libras sex: misce, & Balnei caliditate fiat Syrupus.

Pro Vehiculo praecipuè usurpa∣tur, & Pectoris Morbis, ut Tussi, Asthmati, Pulmonum Obstructio∣nibus opitulatur. Dosis, à semi∣uncia ad unciam unam, vel pro re nata.

II. Syrupus Volatilis.

℞ Spiritus Vini rectificati, vel Tincturae Angelici optimae, Sacchari albissimi, ana libras duas: misce, dissolvaturque Bal∣neo leni Saccharum.

Pro Vehiculo, ut prior, possit usurpari; sed Cardiacus & Pe∣ctoralis est: magnoperè Tabidis, Consumptis, ac ulceratos Pulmones habentibus, diuturnae Tussi, & Asthmati prodest. Dosis, (cum Aqua appropriata) à drachmis tribus ad unciam unam: Senibus autem maximè familiaris.

III. Syrupus Limonum, &c.

℞ Succi Limonum siltrati, vel succi Citriorum; seu in loco ejusdem, Aceti Vini optimi li∣bras

tres, Alcohol Vini libram unam, Sacchari albissimi libras sex: misce, & dissolva.

Humores in Thorace crassos in∣cîdit & attenuat, Stomachum à crassa Pituita & tenaci abs∣terget; Nauseam, & Fermenti debilitatem Ventriculi removet: resrigerando & humectando bilio∣sarum & aestuantium Febrium incendia potentissimè restinguit, & Sitis intolerantiam sedat; Putre∣dinem arcet, ac Lumbricos ene∣cat; Cor resicit, ejusdemque vires tuetur; saluberrimus est in Affe∣ctibus Calidis ac Biliosis, in Pe∣stilentia, & Morbis ex Putre∣dine, vel materia Mixta, natis. Dosis, ab uncia semis ad unciam unam, plus-minusve.

IV. Syrupus Antifebriticus.

℞ Aquae fontanae libras octo, Salis Nitri uncias octodecim, dissolvatur Sal; adde Sacchari albissimi libras octo, Spiritus Vini libras duas, lenique calore fiat Syrupus.

Viscerum Obstructiones aperit, Vitales Spiritus reficit, totius Corporis Exaestuationi confert, Cal∣culos atterit, Ʋrinas movet, Renumque Arenulas, & Humores Tartarosos expurgat; Hydropi suc∣currit, & Aquas per Ʋreteres & Meatus Ʋrinarios maximè edu∣cit: potens est in aperiendis Obstructionibus ex crassis, viscidis, & glutinosis Humoribus ortum ducentibus: Febribus ardentibus, biliosis, malignis, & pestilentibus mirè prodest: sumitur autem in Paroxysmo, vel tempore aestuanti, in Vehiculo appropriato, ab uncia una ad duas.

V. Syrupus Catharticus.

℞ Vini albi libras quatuor, succi Rosarum Damascenarum de∣purati libras duas, Alcohol Vini sesquilibram, Senae Alexandrinae libram unam, Rhabarbari uncias quatuor, Glycyrrhizae contusae uncias duas; digere in Balneo Mariae per viginti quatuor ho∣ras, dein coletur, cumque Sac∣chari albissimi libris sex fiat Syrupus.

Bilem utramque & Pituitam satis potenter educit: Polychre∣stum Medicamentum est, quod ad multos Affectus Corporis praeter Naturam sit utile, ac omnes Hu∣mores purgat; ad varias enim Capitis, Ventriculi, Jecoris, Vi∣scerumque aliis Affectus, est efficax. Dosis, ab uncia una ad duas vel tres, manè, jejuno Stomacho.

VI. Syrupus de Meconio, seu Diacodium.

℞ Capitum recentium Pa∣paveris albi & nigri cum semi∣nibus, mediocris magnitudinis, nec nimium viridium, nec ni∣mium maturorum, ana uncias octo, Aquae pluvialis vel fon∣tanae libras octo; macerentur per horas viginti quatuor, & coquantur ad remanentiam tri∣um librarum: expressioni adde Sacchari albi uncias viginti qua∣tuor, Spiritus Vini uncias de∣cem: misce, lentoque Igne fiat Syrupus.

Vehiculum est, & usu creber, arcendis Desluxionibus tenuibus & acribus in Thoracem & Asperam Arteriam ruentibus, Tussim sedat, Sitim explet, somnum conciliat, Diarrhoeam & Dysenteriam sistit, Dolorem acutum, Inquietudinem, & Morbos Hystericos alleviat,

Caloris febrilis incendium miti∣gat, bumectat & resrigerat. Dosis, à semiuncia ad unciam unam.

VII. Mel Rosarum, vel Rosatum.

℞ Infusionis multiplicis Ro∣sarum rubrarum libras tres, Mellis despumati libras duas & semis; misce, & coquuntur, addatur∣que in finem Spiritus Vini optimi unciae decem. Vel sic: Recipe succi Rosarum rubrarum libras tres, Mellis optimi de∣spumati libras sex: misce benè, addatur Alcohol Vini libra una, reponaturque ad usum.

Ventriculum roborat & deter∣git, Coctionem juvat, Putredini adversatur, Humores crudos con∣coquit, Raucedines mitigat, Oris Phlegmonas, prout & Gingiva∣rum, Tonsillarumque Inflammatio∣nes placat; Asperae quoque Arte∣riae, Columellae, Faucium & Gut∣turis noxas depellit. Dosis, in∣ternè, ab semiuncia ad unciam unam.

VIII. Oxymel Scilliticum.

℞ Scillam recentem, hanc rejectis aridioribus Tunicis ex∣timis, Pastâ Panis involve, eamque in Clibano ad Panis sufficientiam coque; exemptam, Cultro ex osse parato in la∣minas disseca, quas Filo trajice, ita ut una alteram non attin∣gat, & loco sicco appensas per dies quadraginta sicca: postea concisam Cultello eburneo, li∣bram unam dies alios quadra∣ginta in Spiritu Aceti Vini albi libris sex, insolabis, in Vase vitriato stricti orificii benè ob∣turato, dein colabis: Recipe Aceti hujus Scillitici libras sex,

Mellis despumati libras octo; misce, paucisque ebullitiouibus consiciatur Oxymel debitae con∣sistentiae. Aliter. Recipe Scillae Pane involutae & in Clibano as∣satae libram unam semis, Accti acerrimi libras septem; misce, & per quadraginta dies inso∣latur; vel digere in Cinere vol Sabulo calido per tres dies, postmodum colabis, cumque Melle ut supra fiat Oxymel Scilliticum. Vel sic: Recipe succi Scillae (ex crudis, plenis, ac nitidis, Cultello eburneo in partes vel laminas incifis, & in Mortario lapideo contusis,) expressae, libras duas, Aceti Vini albi acerrimi libram unam, Mellis optimi libras tres; misce, & coque ad Syrupi formam.

Hydropicos, nec non Anasarcâ laborantes juvat, unum vel duo cochlearia pro Dosi sumenda: ad Cerebri, Pulmonis, Ventriculi af∣fectus Pituitosos vel Melancholi∣cos etiam contumaces pollet; eo •…•…imur in Epilepticorum insulti∣bus, ipsoque Paroxysmo; in Affe∣ctibus Pectoris & Ventriculi, & Asthmaticis à crassa Pituita, & viscosa humiditate provenientibus maximê conducibile est. Incidit, attenuat, & expulsioni praeparat materiam crassam, quae Thoracis cavo continetur; veterem Tussim cum suspirio sanat: Asthmaticis, difficulter Spirantibus in magna Pituitae copia, Spiritus vias oppri∣mente succurrit, promptéque hu∣jusmodi Obstructa liberat; Senibus perpetuò ejusmodi Morbis mole∣stis valde necessarium: Venarum Obstructiones etiam inveteratas reserat. Cum Samius hoc Medi∣camento uti incepit, quinquagesi∣mum

annum natus erat, & usque ad centesimum decimum∣septimum vitam produxit inte∣ger, & nulla unquam adversâ valetudine tentatus. Phthisicos ab omnibus deploratos, hoc Me∣dicamento sanitati restitutos no∣vimus, dixit Galenus. Morbo Comitiali diuturno efficaciter pro∣fuit, ut nisi post longa temporis intervalla non reàiret; incipien∣tem verò ac novum perfectè dis∣cutit, neque reverti ampliùs hunc Affectum permittit. Ad Poda∣gras praeterea, & Articulorum Morbos; Jecoris, Lienisque du∣ritiem, vehementer facit. Alvus lubrica omninò est, totiusque Cor∣poris purgatorium Medicamen∣tum, etiamsi in Ossibus sordes inbaereant. Nibil supervacui in Corpore residebit; non Flatus, non Bilis, nec Stercus, nec Ʋrina, sed omnia facilè excernit, atque educit.

CHAP. LXVII. OF SYRUPS.

1. The Simple, or Uncom∣pounded Syrup.

℞ FAir Water or Juice of An∣gelica lbiij. Spirit of Wine lbj. treble-refined Sugar lbvj. mix, and with the heat of a Bath make a Syrup.

It is chiefly used as a Vehi∣cle, and in Diseases of the Brest, as Coughs, Asthma's, Obstructions of the Lungs, it is exceeding helpful. Dose, ab ℥ ss, ad ℥ j. or according as the nature of the thing requires.

2. The Volatil Syrup.

℞ Alcohol of Wine, or the best Tincture of Angelica, treble-refined Sugar, ana lbij. mix, and dis∣solve the Sugar in a gentle Bath.

It is used for a Vehicle, as the former; but is Cordial and Pectoral, and is very profitable in Pinings, Hecticks, Consum∣ptions, and Ulcers of the Lungs, as also for such as have tedious Coughs and Asthma's. Dose, (being mixt with some proper Water) is, à ʒ iij, ad ℥ j. It is a good thing, chiefly for ancient People.

3. Syrup of Limons, &c.

℞ Filtred juice of Limons, or of Citrons; or in place there∣of, the best Wine-vinegar lbiij.

S.V. rectified lbj. treble-refined Sugar lbvj. mix, and dissolve.

It cuts and attenuates thick Humors in the Brest, cleanses the Stomach from thick and tough Phlegm; takes away Loathing of Food, and the weakness of the Ferment of the Ventricle: it powerfully allays the great heat of burning Fevers, by cooling and moistning of Choler and Melancholy; it quenches vehement Thirst, resists Putrifa∣ction, kills Worms, comforts the Heart, and restores its strength. It is most effectual in Diseases proceeding from Heat and Cho∣ler, in the Plague, and in Diseases arising from Putrifaction, or Mixt humors. Dose, ab ℥ ss, ad ℥ j. more or less.

4. The Syrup against Fevers.

℞ Fair Water lbviij. Nitre ℥ xviij. treble-refined Sugar lbviij. S.V. lbij. mix, and with a gentle heat make a Syrup.

It opens Obstructions of the Bowels, recruits the Vital Spirits, and is good against the vehe∣ment Heat of the whole Body; it wasts the Stone, provokes Urine, and expels Sand and Tar∣tarous Humors from the Reins, it is profitable in the Dropsy, and wonderfully brings forth the watery Humor by the Ureters and Urinary Passages: it is powerful in opening Obstructions pro∣ceeding from thick, viscous, and glutinous Humors: it is a singu∣lar thing, and of great force in burning, cholerick, malign, and pestilential Fevers: but it is then given in the Fit, or time of the burning heat, in some fit Vehicle. Dose, ab ʒ j, ad ℥ ij.

5. The Purging Syrup.

℞ White Port-wine lbiv. de∣purated juice of Damask-Roses lbij. Alcohel of Wine lbj ss. best Sena lbj. Rhubarb ℥ iv. Li∣quorice bruised ℥ ij. digest in Bal∣neo Mariae, for twenty four hours; then strain out, and with the best white Sugar-candy lbvj. make a Syrup.

It sufficiently and powerfully purges Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy: it is a Medicine of general use, which is proper to many praeternatural Affects of the Body, and expels all Hu∣mors; it is powerful against various Diseases of the Head, Stomach, Liver, and Disaffections of the other Bowels, and is given in the Morning fasting; ab ℥ j, ad ij, vel iij.

6. Syrup of Poppies, or Diacodium.

℞ Fresh heads of Poppies with their seed, white and black, of a middle size, neither too green, nor too ripe, ana ℥ viij. rain or foun∣tain Water lbviij. digest for twenty four hours, and then boil till lbiij. only remain: express out, and add thereto white Sugar ℥ xxiv. Spirit of Wine ℥ x. mix, and with a gentle heat make a Syrup.

It is a Vehicle for other things, and of frequent use to re∣strain thin and sharp Defluxions flowing down upon the Brest and Lungs, it stops the Cough, quenches Thirst, induces Sleep, and stays Fluxes of the Belly, and a Bloody-flux; it eases

acute Pains, causes Rest, and alleviates Hysterick Diseases: it mitigates the vehemency of febrile Heats, moistens and cools, Dose, ab ℥ ss, ad ℥ j.

7. Honcy of Roses, or Honey Rosed.

℞ Of the manifold Infusion of red Roses lbiij. clarified Honey lbij ss. mix, and boil, adding in the end rectified S.V. ℥ x. Or thus: Take juice of red Roses lbiij. best clarified Honey lbvj. mix them well, add Alcohol of Wine ℥ xij. and keep it for use.

It strengthens and cleanses the Stomach, helps Concoction, resists Putrifaction, digests crude Humors, removes hoarsness, and gives relief in Swellings pro∣ceeding from Blood, happening in the Mouth, as Inflammations of the Gums and Tonsils; it takes away the Distempers of the Aspera Arteria, Columella, Jaws, and Throat. Dose, being internally taken, à ℥ ss, ad ℥ j.

8. Oxymel of Squills.

℞ A fresh Squill, its outside∣coat being taken off, wrap it up in Bread-dough, and bake it with Bread in an Oven; being taken forth, cut it into slices with a bone or ivory Knife, which put upon a Thred, but so as one piece may not touch another, and hang it in a dry place for forty days, till they are dry; afterwards cut them with an ivory Knife, of which take lbj. Spirit of White-wine-vinegar lbvj. put them into a glass Vessel with a narrow mouth, which stop close, and insolate for forty days, after which strain it out. Take of this Vinegar of

Squills lbvj. clarified Honey lbviij. mix them, and with a little soft boiling, make Oxymel of a due consistency. Otherwise thus: Take of a Squill bak'd in Bread-dough lbj. of the sharpest Vinegar lbvij. mix them, and insolate for forty days; or other∣wise digest in hot Ashes or Sand for three days; afterwards strain, and with Honey, as above, make Oxymel of Squills. Or thus: Take juice of a Squill (taken from a raw one, which is plump and clean; cut into slices with an ivory Knife, and bruised in a stone Mortar) lbij. of the best White-wine-vinegar lbj. of the best Honey lbiij. mix, and boil to the form of a Syrup.

It is good for Hydropick per∣sons, and such as have an Ana∣sarca, one or two spoonfals being taken for a Dose: it powerfully removes contumacious affects of the Brain, Lungs, and Stomach, proceeding from Phlegm or Melancholy; it is used also in a prevailing or stubborn Epile∣psy, and in the Paroxysm it self; as also in Diseases of the Brest and Stomach, and is singularly good in an Asthma coming from thick Phlegm and a viscous humidity. It cuts, attenuates, and prepares the thick matter sonexpulsion, which is contained in the cavity of the Brest; it cures such as have an old Cough, accompanied with difficulty of Breathing: it helps the Asthma, and shortness of Breath, arising from the passages of the Breath being stuft with a great quan∣tity of Phlegm; and readily frees such as are obstructed after

this manner; and it is extremely necessary for Ancient people, who are almost always trou∣bled with Diseases of this kind; it opens also inveterate Ob∣structions of the Veins. Sa∣mius when he began to use this Medicine was fifty years old, and he lived well and in good health, without the appearance of any sickness, till he was an hundred and seven∣teen years of age. Galen saith, that by the use of this Medi∣cine he knew many to be re∣stored to their healths, who laboured under deplorable Phthi∣sicks, or Consumptions of the Lungs. It is effectually good against a long-continued Epi∣lepsy, so as it returns not, ex∣cept after a long space of time; but if the Disease is recent, and in its beginning, it per∣fectly removes it, so as it shall never return any more. It is also admirable against the Gout, and Diseases of the Joints; also the Scirrhus, or hardness of the Liver and Spleen. It makes the Belly perfectly soluble, purges the whole Body, and draws from all the parts of the same, not suffering any filth to remain in the Bones. It suffers no unprofitable thing to rest in the Body; neither Wind, nor Flegm, nor Choler, nor Melancholy, Dung nor Urine; but moves, or purges them with much ease, and casts them forth.

CHAP. LXVIII. De SPECIEBƲS.

I. Pulvis Antimonii.

℞ ANtimonii optimi pulve∣rizati libras duas, Li∣xivii Saponis for tissimi quantum sufficit, vel ad quatuor digito∣rum eminentiam; benè agite∣tur Spatulà ligneà: spatio stet horarum viginti quatuor; dein affunde guttatim Olei Vitrioli uncias duas, digere per septi∣manam integram; postea affun∣de Aquae quantitatem magnam, ut edulcoretur; denique sicce∣tur, & reservetur ad usum.

Hic operari solet interdùm per Vomitum, aliquando per Seces∣sum; Humores crassos viscidosque in Ventriculo, vicinisque locis, ejicit sursum ac deorsum: pene∣trat, digerit, aperit, incidit, dissolvit, abstergit, purgat, Pu∣tredini Venenisque resistit; Cru∣ditatibus Ventriculi, Appetitu pro∣strato; Obstructionibus Alvi, He∣patis, Lienis, Ʋteri, & Renum; Colicis doloribus maximè conve∣venit; Pesti, & Febribus mali∣gnis & pestilentialibus resistit; utile quoque est in Febribus pu∣tridis, Hydropi, Scorbuto, Scro∣phulae, Ictero, Arthritidi, Rheu∣matismo, &c. longè minùs per Vomitum, magìs verò per Alvum operatur. Dosis, à granis tribus ad quinque, plus-minus.

II. Pulvis Antifebriticus.

℞ Salis Prunellae subtilissimè

pulverisati libram unam, Anti∣monii crudi laevigati libram semis; misce.

Ʋsus insigne est in Febribus ardentibus, putridis, malignis, & pestilentialibus, in Hydrope, Ictero, & Obstructionibus Renum & Vesicae: operatur per Ʋrinam, Impuritatesque quascunque educit. Vim habet Putredini resistendi, Sitim ac Aeftum compescendi, Tartaream saburram incidendi, Sanguinem coagulatum resolvendi, Doloresque mitigandi; in Pleuresi Angina, Peripneumonia, in Ob∣structionibus Epatis & Mesaraei, Calculoque Renum & Vesiea ex∣hibetur. Dosis, à semidrachma ad drachmam unam, in Vehiculo maximè Saccharo albo edulcorato.

III. Pulvis Bezoarticus.

℞ Bezoartici Mineralis un∣cias octo, Oculorum Canero∣rum, Terrae sigillatae albae, ana uncias quatuor, Cinnabaris na∣tivae, Cochinellae, ana uncias duas; Camphorae unciam unam: misce, fiatque Pulvis.

Cardialgiam, & Dolorem Ven∣triculi curat: exhibetur commodè in Febribus ardentibus, putridis, & malignis; Sudorificus est; & Epilepsiae, Pesti, & Venenis adversatur: convenit etiam in Variolis, Morbillis, Ictero, Mor∣bisque omnibus per Sudorem cura∣bilibus. Dosis, à granis sex ad scruplam unam.

IV. Pulvis Cachecticus.

℞ Chalybis, cum Aqua vel Sulphure in pulverem redacti uncias sex, Sem. Anisi, Ari radi∣cis faeculae, ana unciam unam, Nu∣cis Moschatae uncias duas, Sac∣chari albissimi uncias decem: misce, fiatque Pulvis.

Insigniter attenuat, incidit, aperit; Anticachecticus est, & de∣obstruens egregius; Menstrua promo∣vet, Ictero succurrit, Vermes necat; Chlorosi, Scorbuto, & Melancho∣liae Hypochondriacae medetur: Spe∣cificum est in Cachexia Mulierum, Hydrope, & in omnibus Obstru∣ctionibus Ventriculi, Hepatis, Lienis, & Mesenterii, & Affectis inde oriundis. Dosis, à granis duodecim ad granas viginti-qua∣tuor, mane quotidianê ac vesperi.

V. Pulvis Cartharticus.

℞ Vitri Antimonii levigati unciam unam, Spiritus Nitri unciam semis; misce, ac digere per horas viginti quatuor; cui affundatur Spiritus Vitrioli un∣cia una, digere ad siccitatem: affundatur iterùm Spiritus Vi∣trioli uncia una, digereque ad siccitatem: repetatur hoc opus quinquies vel sexies; atque Aqua calidà edulcoretur, repo∣naturque ad usum.

Stomacho praesenti est auxilio, non retentos Cibos ob Vomitionum impetus sistit; Ictero, Scorbuto, Scrophulae, Cachexiae, Melancho∣liae Hypochondriacae, Arthritidi, Rheumatismo, Epilepsiae, Lethar∣go, Hemicraniae, Cardialgiae, & Ventriculi dolori prodest; Lienis gravitatem removet, Faciei co∣loris reddit, Obstructiones omnes tollit, Ʋrinam, Arenulas, & Humores Tartareos pellit; Ʋ∣teri Affectibus, Colico dolori ab Humoribus crudis, & à Fla∣tibus orto, Hydropi, & Fe∣bribus putridis & malignis me∣detur. Dosis, à grana semis ad sesquigranam, & in robustioribus ad

granas duas: operatur praecipuè per Secessum, rariùs per Vomi∣tum.

VI. Pulvis Cornachini.

℞ Scammonii resinosi pulve∣risati uncias duas, Autimonii Diaphoretici, Crystallorum Tar∣tari, ana unciam unam; misce, fiatque Pulvis.

Humores crassos, simulque se∣rosos, potenter ab extremis par∣tibus, praesertim ab Articulis, educit; ac ad multos Affectus, & Morbos frigidos, non modo Capitis, Nervorum, & Junctura∣rum, sed etiam Ventriculi, Hepa∣tis, Lienis, Mesenterii, Renum & Ʋteri, utilis est: ex his enim partibus Pituitam, Serum, Bilem, & Succum Melancholicum de∣trahat & purgat; propterea Fe∣bribus putridis, malignis, comple∣xis, & inveteratis, & Morbis complicatis conducit. Scorbuto, Ictero, Arthritidi, Rheumatismo, Strumae, Cachexiae, Hydropi, Vi∣scerum Obstructionibus, atque Ʋteri Morbis medetur: Vermes necat & expellit, Febri quartanae confert, Stomachum corroborat, & totius Corporis Humores ex∣crementitios, blandè, sineque dolore purgat. Dosis, à scrupla una ad semidrachmam; diluculò, cum custodia.

VII. Pulvis ad Diabeten.

℞ Catechu, Seminum Hyo∣sciami, aua partes aequales; fiat Pulvis.

Diabeti non solum, sed etiam omnibus Haemorrhagiis & Flu∣aeibus, ut Lienteriae, Dysenteriae,

Diarrhaeae, atque Fluxui Hepatico, & Mensium Prosluvio medetur. Dosis, à drachma semis ad scru∣plas duas, manè ac vesperi. Hujus itaque usus est in omnibus Distil∣lationibus è Capite in Asperam Arteriam; Tussi quinetiam a tenui Distillatione, seu Catarrho exci∣tatae auxiliatur; defluentes enim illos Humores inspissat.

VIII. Pulvis Emeticus.

℞ Antimonii optimi pulve∣risati quantum vis, cui affunda∣tur Aqua Regia: stent aliquam∣diu in digestione, donec Calx in fundo alba appareat; postea abstrahatur Aqua Regia per distillationem, vel decantatio∣nem; vel etiam affundendo Aquam praecipita, Calcemque elue Aquà tepidà, donec Aqua Regia non ampliùs sentiantur: Pulverem siccatum in Crucibulo clauso reverbera per sex horas, fietque rubeus.

Emeticus est, & Quartanum curat; Podagricas defluxiones, & Paroxysmos efficaciter compescit; Vulnera, Fistulas, & Ʋlcera inveterata à Putridine conservat, & sanat: conducit adversus omnes Obstructiones licet invete∣ratas, Hepatis, Lienis, Mesenterii, & aliarum Viscerum; Sanguinem mundisicat; Obstructionibus Men∣sium, Cachexiae Virginum, Hy∣dropi, Melancholiae Hypochondria∣cae, Luae Venereae, Febribusque malignis prodest: felicissimè autem purgat aequè deorsum quam sur∣sum; idque non tàm naturâ suâ, quàm Humoris Biliosi, circa Ven∣triculum stabulantis; quinimo in ••onnullis per Diaphoresin operatur.

Dosis, à granis duabus ad quin∣que.

IX. Pulvis Herculeus.

℞ Argenti vivi optimi, Flo∣res Sulphuris, ana unciam unam; misce, fiatque per triturationem Pulvis nigerrimus.

Non movet Ptyalifmum, sed per Sudorem operatur. Vermes necat; exhibeturque in Lue Vene∣rea, Scabie inveterata, Ʋlceribus malignis, Gonorrhoeâ virulentâ, Hydrope, &c. In Ʋlceribus ma∣lignis, tam Venereis quam aliis, miscetur cum Ʋnguentis adaptis, & exterius applicatur. Dosis, à scrupla semis ad seruplas duas: in Vermibus Puerorum expellendis, datur à granis octo ad viginti, cum granis Scammonii duas vel tribus.

X. Pulvis Rheumaticus.

℞ Arcani Corallini triturati uncias quatuor, Cinnabaris arti∣ficialis uncias viginti, Scam∣monii optimi pulvcrisati uncias octo: misce, fiatque Pulvis.

Diversimodè operari consuevit; in quibusdam Vomitum producere solet, aliis, Alvum purgat; ma∣xima cum utilitate assumi potest in Rheumatismi curatione: Ʋlce∣ribus inveteratis, Scabieis, Ar∣thritidi, Scorbuto, Doloribus Nocturnis, Lui Venereae, Gonor∣rhoeae, Scrophulae, aliisque Mor∣bis hujus generis canvenit. Dosis, à scrupla una ad semidrachmam, vel scruplas duas, in robustio∣ribus.

XI. Pulvis ad Vermes.

℞ Corallini laevigati, Mercu∣rii dulcis laevigati, ana dra∣chmas sex; Scammonii resinosi, Mechoacae, Seminum Cynae & Anisi, Entis Veneris, Croci

Martis aperitivi, ana drachmas quatuor: misce, fiatque Pulvis.

In expellendis Vermibus & Lumbricis, tùm Puerorum, tùm Adultorum, efficax est. Dosis, à scrupla una ad scruplas duas, vel dcachmam unam; manè vel vesperi, in Vehiculo convenienti.

CHAP. LXVIII. Of POUDERS.

1. Pouder of Antimony.

℞ OF the best Antimony in pouder lbij. strong Ley of Soap-ashes, a sufficient quen∣tity, or so much as may over-top it four inches; stir it well with a wooden Spatula; let it stand for the space of twenty-four hours; then affuse thereon by drops Oil of Vitriol ℥ ij. digest for a whole week; afterwards affuse thereon a great quantity of fair Water, that it may be sweetned; then dry it, and keep it for use.

This is wont to work some∣times by Vomit, sometimes by Stool; it expels thick and viscous Humors in the Sto∣mach and parts adjacent to it, both upwards and downwards: it penetrates, digests, opens, incides, dissolves, absterges, purges, resists Putrifaction and Poyson, and is wonderful good against Crudities of the Sto∣mach, weakness of Appetite, Ob∣structions of the Bowels, Liver, Spleen, Womb, and Reins, Co∣lick pains: it prevails against the Plague, and malign and pe∣stilential Fevers: it is also profitable in putrid Fevers, the Dropsy, Scurvy, Kings-evil, Jaun∣dies, Gout, Rheumatism, &c. it works much less by Vomit than by Stool, and is given à gr. iij, ad v. more or less.

2. The Fever-Pouder.

℞ Sal Prunellae finely poudred

lbj. crude Antimony levigated lbss. mix them.

It is a singular thing in burn∣ing Fevers, putrid, malign, and pestilential; in the Dropsy, Jaundies, and Obstructions of the Reins and Bladder; it works by Urine, and brings forth all sorts of Impurities; it resists Putrifaction, quenches Thirst, and allays burning Heat; cuts Tartarous silth, resolves the Coagulation of the Blood, and mitigates pains: it is given also in the Pleurisy, Quinsey, Inflam∣mation of the Lungs, Obstru∣ctions of the Liver and Mesen∣tery, and in the Stone, both in Reins and Bladder. Dose, à ʒ ss, ad ʒ j. in a Vehicle very well sweetned with white Sugar.

3. The Bezoartick Pouder.

℞ Bezoar Mineral ℥ viij. Crabs-eyes, Terra sigillata, ana ℥ iv. native Cinnabar, Cochinel, ana ℥ ij. mix, and make a Pouder.

It is good against Sickness at Heart, and Pain at Stomach; and is properly exhibited in Fevers, burning, putrid, and malign; it is sudorifick, and good against the Falling sickness, Plague and Poyson; and prevails against the Small-pox, Measles; Jaun∣dies, and all sorts of Diseases curable by Sweating. Dose, à gr. vj, ad ℈ j.

4. The Virgins Pouder, or Green-sickness-Pouder.

℞ Steel or Iron, reduced into a pouder either with Water or Sulphur ℥ vj. Aniseed, Facula of Aron-roots, a. ℥ j. Nutmegs ℥ ij, treble-refined Sugar ℥ x. mix, and make a Pouder.

It admirably attenuates, in∣cides, opens, and is Anticachectick, and a wonderful opener of Ob∣structions; it provokes the Terms, helps the Jaundies, kills Worms, and cures the Green-sickness, Scurvy, and Hypochondriack Melancholy. It is a specifick in the Cachexia, or evil habit of Womens Bodies; in the Dropsy, and in all Obstructions of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Me∣sentery, and Diseases thence arising. Dose, à gr. xij, ad xxiv. every day morning and evening.

5. The Purging Pouder.

℞ Glass of Antimony levigated ℥ j. Spirit of Nitre ℥ ss. mix, and digest for twenty four hours; then add to it Spirit of Vitriol ℥ j. digest to driness: add again Spirit of Vitriol ℥ j. and digest to dri∣ness: this work repeat five or six times, then edulcorate with warm Water, and keep it for use.

It is a present help for the Stomach; it keeps the Food in the Stomach, which otherwise would not be retained, because of a violent Vomiting; it is good against the Jaundies, Scur∣vy, Kings-evil, Cachexy, Hypo∣chondriack Melancholy, Gout, Rheumatism, Falling-sickness, Lethargy, Megrim, Sickness and Pain at Stomach; it removes the pain and heaviness of the Spleen, makes the Face of a good colour, removes all Obstru∣ctions, and drives forth Urine, Sand, and Tartarous Humors; it helps Diseases of the Womb, the Colick, arising from crude Hu∣mors and Wind, the Dropsy, and putrid and malign Fevers. Dose, à gr. ss, ad gr. j ss. and to gr. ij.

in strong Bodies: it works mostly by Stool, more rarely by Vomit.

6. Cornachinus his Pouder.

℞ Resinous Scammony in pou∣der ℥ ij. Antimony Diaphoretick, Crystals of Tartar, a. ℥ j. mix, and make a Pouder.

It brings forth powerfully both thick and serous Humors from the extream parts, but chiefly from the Joynts; and it is profitable to many Affects, and cold Diseases, not only of the Head, Nerves, and Joynts; but also of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, Reins, and Womb; and from all those parts it draws and purges forth Phlegm, Serum, Choler, and Melancholy; it is also good in Fevers, putrid, malign, com∣plex, and inveterate, and in complicate Diseases. It helps the Scurvy, Jaundies, Gout, Rheu∣matism, Kings-evil, Cachexy, Dropsy, Obstructions of the Bowels, and Diseases of the Womb: it kills Worms, and expels them, prevails against a quartan Ague, comforts the Stomach, and purges the whole Body of excrementitious Hu∣mors, and that gently, and without pain. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ʒ ss. early in the morning, the Patient being careful not to take cold.

7. A Pouder for the Diabetes.

℞ Japan-Earth, Henbane∣seeds, of each equal parts; make them into a fine pouder, and mix them.

It cures not only the Dia∣betes, but also all Bleedings and Fluxes, as a Loosness of the

Belly, Bloody-flux, Flux of Chy∣lous matter, as also the Hepatick-flux, and Overflowing of the Terms. Dose, à ʒss, ad ℈ ij. mor∣ning and evening. This Pouder is also of use in all Distillations from the Head upon the Lungs; it likewise helps a Cough caused by a distillation of thin Humors, or a Catarrh; by reason of its thickning that flowing Humor.

8. A Vomiting-Pouder.

℞ Of the best Antimony in pou∣der q.v. to which affuse Aqua Re∣gia: let them stand for some time in digestion, till a Calx shall appear white in the bottom; afterwards abstract the Aqua Regia by distil∣lation, or else decant it; or other∣wise praecipitate, by the affusion of Water: wash the Calx with warm Water, till the Aqua Regia can be no more perceived, either by taste or smell: dry the Pouder, and reverbe∣rate it in a Crucible for six hours, and make a red Pouder.

It is Emetick, and cures Quar∣tan-agues; it powerfully allevi∣ates Gouty defluxions, and the Paroxysms thereof; it heals Wounds, Fistula's, and inveterate Ulcers: it is good against all Ob∣structions, tho' inveterate, of Li∣ver, Spleen, Mesentery, and other Bowels; it purifies the Blood, provokes the Terms, and prevails against the Green-sickness in Vir∣gins, the Dropsy, Hypochondriack Melancholy, French Disease, and malign Fevers: it purges with much pleasantness, both upwards and downwards; and that not so much by its own nature and vir∣tue, as from the latency and sta∣gnation of the Cholerick Humor about the Stomach; but in some

it works by Sweating. Dose, à gr. ij, ad v.

9. The Herculean Pouder.

℞ The best Quick-silver, Flow∣ers of Sulphur, a. ℥ j. mix them, and by grinding them in a Mortar, make a very black Pouder.

It causes not Salivation or Spitting, but provokes Sweat. It kills Worms; and is given against the French-Pox, inve∣terate Scabbiness, malign Ulcers, virulent Gonorrhoea, Dropsy, &c. In malign Ulcers, whether Ve∣nereal or others, it is mixed with proper Ointments, and outward∣ly applied. Dose, à ℈ ss, ad ℈ ij. it is given to kill and ex∣pel Worms in Children, à gr. viij, ad xx. with gr. ij, or iij. of Scammony.

10. A Pouder against a Rheumatism.

℞ Arcanum Corallinum ground fine ℥ iv. artificial Cinnabar ℥xx. resinous Scammony in pouder ℥viij. mix, and make a Pouder.

It uses to work variously; in some it is wont to cause Vo∣miting, in others it purges down∣wards by Stool; it is given with wonderful profit in the cure of a Rheumatism: it admirably helps inveterate Ulcers, Scabbi∣ness, the Gout, Scurvy, Noctur∣nal Pains, French-Pox, Gonor∣rhoea, Kings-evil, and other Dis∣eases of this kind. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ʒ ss, or ℈ ij. in strong Bodies.

11. A Pouder for Worms.

℞ Coralline levigated, Mercu∣rius dulcis levigated, a. ʒ vj. resinous Scammony, Mech••acan, Wormseed, Aniseed, Ens Veneris,

opening Crocus of Mars, a. ʒ iv, mix, and make a Pouder.

It is effectual in expelling of Worms of all kinds, both in old and young. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ℈ ij, or ʒ j. morning or evening, in some fit Vehicle.

CHAP. LXIX. De ELECTƲARIIS.

I. Theriaca Chymica.

℞ ZInziberis conditi ex India advecti, concisi, & in massam contusi, libras duas; Extracti Melliginosi Juniperi, Succi Alkermes, ana libram unam; Olei Macis per Expres∣sionem optimi, Olei de Ben, ana uncia; novem; Balsami Sul∣phuris, Opii cum succo Limo∣num extracti, ana uncias sex; Balsami Camphorae, Balsami Salis Tartari, ana uncias quatuor; Olei Chymici Angelicae, Caryo∣phyllorum, Foeniculi, Lavendu∣lae, Limonum, Rosmarini, de Sassafras, ana unciam unam; misce integré: cui adduntur, Antihectici Poterii, Arcani Jovis, Auri Vitae, Bezoartici Mineralis, Salis Perlarum, Salis volatilis Succini, Vitrioli Martis, ana unciae quatuor; Pulveris Bezoar Orientalis, Caryophyllorum, Ca∣storei, Cochinelae, Corticis Win∣terani, Croci Anglici, radicis Enulae-campanae, Myrrhae, Nucis moschatae, Oculorum Cancrorum, Piperis longi, radicis Serpen∣tariae,

Succini albi, Viperarum, Zedoariae, ana unciae tres: misce, fiat{que} Theriaca Chymica Nostra.

Ad Cerebrum, Cor, Ventriculum, & aiia Viscera corroboranda celebratur; mirum in modum con∣fert Morbis venenatis, contagiosis, & pestilentibus expugnandis: est anodynum, narcoticum, somnife∣rum, & sudorificum; hinc magni usus, ac infinitis fere Morbis con∣ducit; ut in Hypercatharsi, in nimiis Vigiliis, dolore Colico, Nephritico, Podagrico, & in Vomitu compescendo: operatur per Sudorem, interdum per Ʋrinam, omnesque dolores cujuscunque gene∣ris mitigat, levemque Somnum inducit: in Diarrhoea, Lienteria, & Dysenteria maximè valet, & Fluxus omnes alios Alvi & Ʋteri sistit. Dosis, à scrupla una ad drachmam unam.

II. Electuarium Anti∣pestilentiale.

℞ Zinziberis apud Indos con∣diti, concisi & contusi, Syrupi ejusdem, ana uncias sex, Olei Macis per Expressionem optimi, Succi Alkermes, ana uncias quinque; Bezoartici Mineralis uncias quatuor; Cochinelae, Ra∣dicis Serpentariae, ana uncias tres; pulveris Viperarum uncias duas, Croci Anglici, Camphorae, Nitri vitriolati, Salis volatilis Suc∣cini, Opii Extracti, ana unciam unam, Olei Angelicae sesquiunci∣am; misce, fiatque Electuarium.

Pesti, Morbis pestilentibus & contagiosis, omnibusque Febres putridis & malignis medetur; partes principales roborat, Vermes enecat, Vomiturientibus confert, Cordis Palpitationi multum opi∣tulatur, Hydrophobiam, & Canis

rabidi morsum opportunè data sanat: per Sudores, & partes Principales & Vitales corroboran∣do operatur. Dosis, à scrupla una ad drachmas duas, in Vino Hi∣spanico, vel Aquâ aliqua Cor∣diale.

III. Electuarium Antihecticum.

℞ Pulveris Viperarum uncias sex, Salis Conchae Ostreae un∣cias quatuor, Cochinelae, Balsa∣mi Salis Tartari, Antihectici Poterii, ana uncias tres; Bezoar Mineralis, Salis Vitriolati, ana uncias duas, Croci unciam unam, Olei Macis per Expressionem optimi uncias sex, Succi Alker∣mes uncias octodecim; misce, fiatque Electuarium.

Vires exolutas restaurat, Cor∣poris habitum longo Sanguinis fluxu, aut alia quavis immode∣rata vacuatione extenuatum re∣sarcit, macilentis & consumptis succurrit, nutriendo nempè ac coroborando: Febribus hecticis, Tabidis, & immoderato Viscerum calori, mirifice medetur. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas, mane ac vesperi.

IV. Electuarium Catharticum.

℞ Seammonii optimi uncias octo, Mechoacae, Resinae Jalapae, ana uncias sex, Senae uncias quinque, Rhabarbari optimi, Hermodactylorum, ana uncias quatuor, Piperis longi uncias tres, Salis Mirabilis, Crystallo∣rum Tartari, ana uncias duode∣cim; Mannae in Syrupo redactae, vel Syrupi Florum Perficorum, libras sex; misce, fiatque Ele∣ctuarium.

Fiscidam Pituitam, Succus glutinosos, omnesque Humores ma∣lignos in quacunque parte Corporis

Humani, potenter attrahat & purgat. Apoplexiae, Epilepsiae, Vertigini, Hemicraniae, Cephalal∣giae, Asthmati, Morbis frigidis & arthriticis, Colico dolori, à Pi∣tuita vitrea nato, multum con∣fert. Podagrae, Cheiragrae, Gon∣agra, Scorbuto, Rheumatismo, Hydropi quoque vel praesenti, vel imminenti, mirifice prodest. Non modo autem dictos Humores à prima regione Corporis, sed à Renibus, & partibus remotioribus expurgat, Dosis, à drachma una ad drachmas duas, vel duas & semis; manè, jejuno Stomacho. Morbis à Bile utraque & Pituita salsa, natis, ut Cancro, Elephan∣tiasi, Maniae, Melancholiae, Im∣petigini, Psorae, Scabiei, simi∣libusque Affectibus Cutis, con∣venit.

V. Electuarium Catarrhale.

℞ Zinziberis apud Indos conditi, concisi & contusi, li∣bram unam; Catechu, Florum Sul∣phuris, ana uncias quatuor; Olei Macis optimi uncias tres, Succi Alkermes quantum sufficit; mi∣sce, fiatque Electuarium.

In Catarrhis vel Dejluxionibus à Capite ad Pectus tenuioribus incrassandis & maturandis; in Tussi etiam praestans est Reme∣dium, manè ac vesperi, vel saepè in die, à drachma semis ad drachmas duas propinandum: in Dysenteriis & Diarrhaeis, Ex∣ulcerationibus Intestinorum & Me∣senterii utiliter exhibetur.

VI. Electuarium Stomachicum.

℞ Zinziberis apud Indos con∣diti libram unam, Corticum Citri, Auranciarum conditorum, ana uncias tres; Conservae Bar∣berorum uncios octo; Olei Ca∣ryophyllorum drachmas duas; misce, fiatque Electuarium.

Ventriculo refrigerato exhibe∣tur: ad varia etiam Stomachi & Cerebri Vitia emendanda; Vo∣mitum, Nauseam, Cardialgiam, Dolorem Ventriculi, Flatus Hy∣pochondriacum, & Coctionem lae∣sam, praestans est Medicamentum. Dosis, à drachma una ad duas, saepe in die.

VII. Electuarium ad Tussim.

℞ Electuarii Catarrhalis li∣bram unam, Opii Thebaici cum suceo Limonum extracti, un∣ciam unam: misce, fiatque Ele∣ctuarium

Valet in omnibus Pectoris Af∣fectibus morbosis, Tussi diuturnâ & recenti, Asthmate, & Phthisi ipsa; in Sputo Sanguinis, à qua∣cunque causa ortum duxerit, prae∣stans est Remedium; conglutinat, & oscula Venarum claudit; omni∣busque Viscerum Fluxibus, ac Haemorrbagiâ, cum sucessu ex∣bibetur. Dosis, à scrupla una ad drachmam unam, borâ somni quotidie.

CHAP. LXIX. Of ELECTUARIES.

1. Chymical Treacle.

℞ INdian Green-ginger, cut into thin stices and beat into a mass lbij. Melliginous Extract of Juniper, Juice of Alkermes, a. lbj. best Oil of Mace by Expres∣sion, Oil of Ben, a. ℥ ix. Balsam of Sulphur, Opium extracted with Juice of Limons, a. ℥ vj. Bal∣sam of Camphir, Balsam of Salt of Tartar, a. ℥ iv. Chymical Oils of Angelica, Cloves, Fennel, Lavender, Limons, Rosemary, Sassafras, a. ℥ j. mix them well together; and then add there∣to the Antihectick of Poterius, the Arcanum of Jupiter, Au∣rum Vitae, Bezoar Mineral, Salt of Pearl, volatil Salt of Am∣ber, Vitriol of Mars, a. ℥ iv. Pouders of Oriental Bezoar, Cloves, Castoreum, Cochinele, Winter's Cinamon, English Saf∣fron, Elecampane, Myrrh, Nut∣megs, Crabs-eyes, Long-pepper, Virginia Snake-root, white Am∣ber, Vipers, Zedoary, a, ℥ iij,

mix, and make Our Chymical Treacle.

It is a fam'd Medicin for strength∣ning the Brain, Heart, Stomach, and the other Bowels; and pre∣vails after a wonderful manner against poisonous, pestilential, and contagious Diseases: it is anodyn, narcotick, somniferous, and sudoriferous; for which reason it is of great use, and con∣duces to the cure of almost infi∣nite Distempers; as of Fluxes, or too great Purgings of the Bow∣els, continued Watchings, pains of the Colick, and Reins, Gout, and Vomitings: it operates by Sweat, sometimes by Urine, eases all Pains of what kind so∣ever, and induces pleasant or gentle Sleep: it is admirably good against a Loosness, Lien∣tery, and Bloody-flux, and stops all other Fluxes, whether of the Belly or Womb. Dose, à ℈j, ad ʒj.

2. The Electuary against the Plague.

℞ Indian Green-ginger, cut and beaten into a mass, Syrup of the same, of each ℥ vj. best Oil of Mace by Expression, Juyce of Alkermes, a. ℥ v. Bezoar Mine∣ral ℥ iv. Cochinele, Virginian Snake-root, a. ℥ iij. pouder of Vipers ℥ ij. English Saffron, Càm∣phir, Nitre vitriolated, volatil Salt of Amber, Extract of Opium, a. ℥ j. Oil of Angelica ℥ j ss. mix, and make an Electuary.

It cures the Plague, pesti∣lential and contagious Diseases, and all sorts of putrid and malign Fevers: it comforts and strengthens the principal parts, kills Worms, stops Vomiting, and helps the Palpitation of the

Heart; and if timely given, cures the Hydrophobia, and bitings of mad Dogs; it operates by Sweat∣ing, and comforting the Princi∣pal and Vital parts. Dose, à ℈ j, ad ʒ ij. in Canary, or some Cordial Water.

3. Electuary against Hecticks, or, Consumptions.

℞ Pouder of Vipers ℥ vj. Salt of Oister-shells ℥ iv. Cochinele, Balsam of Salt of Tartar, Anti∣hecticum of Poterius, a. ℥ iij. Bezoar Mineral, Salt Vitriolated, a. ℥ ij. Saffron ℥ j. best Oil of Mace by Expression ℥ vj. Juice of Alkermes ℥ xviij. mix, and make an Electuary.

It recuperates the decayed strength, and repairs the ex∣tenuated habit of Body, pro∣ceeding either from losing much Blood, or any other im∣moderate evacuation: it com∣forts and replenishes such as are lean and consumptive, by nourishing and strengthning them: also it admirably cures Hectick-fevers, melting Con∣sumptions, and the vehement heat of the Bowels. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij. morning and evening.

4. The Purging Electuary.

℞ Resinous Scammony ℥ viij. Mechoaean, Rosin of Jalap, a. ℥ vj. Sena ℥ v. best Rhubarb, Hermodacts, a. ℥ iv. Long-pepper ℥ iij. Sal Mirabile, Crystals of Tartar, a. ℥ xij. Syrup of Manna, or Syrup of Peach-flowers lbvj. mix, and make an Electuary.

It powerfully attracts and purges out viscous Phlegm, thick glutinous Matter, and ail

malign Humors in what part of Man's Body soever. It is good against the Apoplexy, Epilepsy, Vertigo, Megrim, Headach, Asthma, cold and gouty Diseases, colick Pains arising from glassy Phlegm. It is very profitable for such as are afflicted with the Gout in the Feet, Hands, or Knees, Scurvy, Rheumatism, Jaundies, and Dropsy, whether it be pre∣sent, or approaching. Now it purges the aforementioned Hu∣mors, not only from the first region of the Body, but from the Reins, and the more remote parts. Dose, à ʒ j, ad ʒ ij, vel ii ss. in the morning, fasting. It is of good use for such as are afflicted with Diseases arising from Choler, Melancholy, and salt Phlegm, as the Cancer, Ele∣phantiasis, Madness, Melancholy, Ringworms, Herpes, Scabbiness, and other like Affects of the Skin.

5. Electuary against Catarrhs.

℞ Indian Green-ginger, cut and beaten lbj. Catechu, Flowers of Sulphur, a. ℥ iv. best Oil of Mace ℥ iij. Juice of Alkermes a sufficient quantity; mix, and make an Electuary.

It is a most excellent thing in thickning and ripening thin Catarrhs, or Defluxions of Rheum falling down from the Head upon the Brest; as also for a Cough, being given morning and evening, or oftentimes a day, to be taken à ʒ ss, ad ʒ ij. it is also of good use being given in Fluxes of the Bowels, Bloody-fluxes, or Exulcerations of the Guts and Mesentery.

6. A Stomach-Electuary.

℞ Indian Green-ginger lbi. candied Citron-peels and Orange-peels, A. ℥iii. Conserve of Bar∣berries ℥viii. Oil of Cloves ʒii. mix, and make an Electuary.

It is given in a cold Stomach, as also to help several Distem∣pers of the Stomach and Brain; as Vomiting, Loathing, Sick∣ness at Heart, Pain of the Stomach, Hypochondriack Va∣pors, and weakness of the Concoctive-Faculty, for which it is a powerful Medicine. Dose, à ʒ i, ad ʒ ii. oftentimes a day.

7. Electuary against Coughs.

℞ Of the Electuary against Catarrhs lbi. Extract of The∣bian Opium, made with juice of Limons ℥ i. mix, and make an Electuary.

It is good in all Distempers of the Brest, as the Cough, whether of long standing, or new, Asthma, and the Phthisis or Consumption of the Lungs it self, it is a powerful Re∣medy for Spitting of Blood; arising from what cause soever; it conglutinates and heals the mouths of the Veins; it is given with great success in all Fluxes of the Bowels, as also in Hemorrhagies. Dose, à ℈ i, ad ʒ i. every day, at bed-time.

CHAP. LXX. De PILƲLIS.

I. Pilulae Catharticae.

℞ ALOES purissimae libras quindecim, Colocynthi∣dis pulverisatae libras quatuor, Turpethi Mineralis, Cambogiae, ana libras tres: in decocto forti pulpae Colocynthidis dissolvatur Aloes & Cambogia, & evapora ad Mèllis consistentiam; cui addantur pulveres Colocynthi∣dis & Turpethi; fiatque Oleo C••rui massa Pilularum.

Omnes Humores, praecipuè se∣rosos, atque Bilem & Pituitam maximè purgant; specificae sunt ad Gonorrhaeam & Fluxus Ʋteri album; in Hydrope, Arthritide, Scorbuto, Scrophula, Rheuma∣tisma, Cachexia, Ictero, Obstru∣ctionibus Hepatis, Lienis, Mesen∣terii, Ʋteri, & Renum, felicis∣simè exhibentur, & praesertim iis, qui levioribus Medicamentis pur∣gari nequeunt: omnibusque impu∣ritatibus Cerebri, Ventriculi, In∣testinorum, & Sanguinis conve∣niunt. Dosis, à scrupla una ad semi∣drachmam, mane, Stomacho Je∣juno.

II. Pilulae ad Luem.

℞ Aloes uncias sexdecim, Colocynthidis pulverisatae uncias octo; Turpethi Minerali, vel Ar∣cani Corallini, uncias sex; misce, & cum decocti fortis pulpae Colo∣cynthidis quantitate sufficienti & Oleo Anin fiat massa Pilularum.

Specificae sunt in Lue Venerea, Gonorrhoea virulenta, Lepra, Sca∣bie, Arthritide, Ʋlceribus & Fistulis malignis & venereis: in∣terius assumptae Pituitam tenacem incidunt & expellunt, omnesque Humores purgant. Dosis, à granis quindecim ad semidrachmam.

III. Pilulae Mirabiles.

℞ Argenti vivi panno con∣clusi, ut granis minimis efflaat, uncias quinque; Succi vel Sy∣rupi Limonum quantitatem suf∣ficientem; misce, & extingua∣tur Mercurius eodem Succo per triturationem; cumque satis extinctum & mixtum fuerit, addatur Aloes unciae octo, pul∣pae Colocynthidis pulverisatae unciae quatuor; Cambogiae un∣ciae duae; misce, & cum sy∣rupo Limonum, vel decocto forti Colocynthidis fiat massa Pilularum, addendo pro re natâ, Bezoartici Mineralis, vel Gly∣cyrrhizae pulveris, quantitatem parvam.

Virtutes omnes proximi habent praecedentis; praecipuè autem in Arthritide, Rheumatismo, & do∣loribus Scorbuticis & Venereis; in quibus nihil est in Rerum natura praestantius. Dosis, quotidie, à semiscrupla ad scruplam unam, vel pro re natà.

IV. Pilulae Hystericae.

℞ Aloes uncias quinque, Colocynthidis, Rhabarbari, Opii Extracti, Asae foeti∣dae, Fuliginis ligneae, Salis volatilis Succini, Croci Martis aperitivi, Calcis Jovis, Vitrioli Lunae, ana unciam unam; Ca∣storei, Camphorae, Myrrhae, Olei Succini, ana unciam semis; Olei de Gornu Cervi drachmam

unam; misce, & cum deco∣cto Senae fiat massa Pilularum. Vel sic. Recipe Aloes uncias septem, Asae foetidae uncias quatuor; Opii, Fuliginis li∣gneae, Salis volatilis Suc∣cini, Crocus Martis aperitivi, ana uncias duas; Camphorae, Myrrhae, Olei Succini, ana un∣ciam unam; cum Syrupo Atripli∣cis olidae fiat massa Pilularum.

Ʋteri strangulatus, dolores, & subversiones maximè sedant: faeliciter verò Epilepticis, Apo∣plecticis, Lethargicis, Paralyti∣cis, Maniacis, Lienosis, & Melancholicis Hypochondiacis, ab Humoribus impactis, dantur; Ver∣tiginem etiam, Cephalalgiam, & Hemicraniam sanant. Dosis prioris, à granis quindecim ad semidra∣ehmam; posterioris à scrupla una ad duas.

V. Laudanum Samech, seu Tar∣tarisatum; Viri Excellentis∣simi, D. Tho. Gardneri Regii Chirurgi.

℞ Salis Tartari (ex Tartari & Nitri partibus aequalibus facti) uncias sex; Olei Terebinthinae & Juniperi, ana uncias sex; misce simul Vase amplo, in loco frigido & humido; stent ad menses ali∣quot, tamdiu scilicet (saep•• in∣terim quotidie agitando, & plus Olei, quoties opus fuerit, adjiciendo) usque-dum Sal plane triplum Olei absorbuerit; atque in unam massam (Saponis instar) spissam conspiraverint homo∣geneam, nullatenus separandum. Recipe hujus Saponis uncias octodecim, Opii Thebaici Ex∣tracti uncias octo, Salis Armo∣niaci volatils uncias sex; Sul∣phuris Martis anodyni, Gummi

Guajaci, ana uncias quatuor; Extractorum Theriacae Andro∣machi, Croci, Cochinelae, Radi∣cis-serpentariae, Olei Macis & Nucis moschatae per expressio∣nem, ana uncias duas; misce, & in Mortario contunde; cum∣que mixtura partibus Oleorum aequalibus Anisi, Juniperi, & Succini, ac pulvere Glycyrrhizae vel Zinziberis, fiat massa Pilu∣larum.

Nota. Sulphur Martis sic per∣ficitur. Recipe limaturae Martis libram unam; Spiritus Aceti uncias octo, Spiritus Nitri semiunciam; bulliantur ad sic∣citatem; adde Spiritus Aceti quantum sufficit, digeritur ad rubedinem, filtretur; cum Oleo Tartari per deliquium praeci∣pitatur, & Aqua purà edulco∣ratur Sulphur ad usum.

In operatione & virtute hoc Medicamentum, Mithridatium & Theriacam ipsam longè vincit; hinc vires ejus facilè colligere poterit; in Hydrope, Arthritide, Lue Venerea, & Rheumatismo praevalet. Contra Pestem, Fe∣bres malignas & contagiosas, Marsum Canis rabidi, Morbillos, Variolas, & quaevis alia Venena celeberrimum est Alexiterium. Omnes Dolores sedat, omnesque Fluxus cujuscunque generis sistat; Tussi & Tabi convenit, Somnum lentè inducit, & per Sudorem & Transpirationem insensibilem efficacissime operatur. Dosis, à granis tribus ad octo, sub nocte, vel horâ somni.

VI. Laudanum specificum Nostrum.

℞ Opii Thebaici sesquilibram, dissolvatur in succi Limonum

libris duabus, Olei Sulphuris unciis duabus mixti; coletur, inspissetur, & evaporetur ad Extracti consistentiam; cui ad∣datur Olei Nucum moschatarum per expressionem libra una; Bezoartici mineralis, pulverum Caryophyllorum, Camphorae, Ca∣techu, Cochinelae, Corticis Win∣terani & Peruani, Croci, Radi∣cum Serpentariae, ana unciae tres, Sulphuris Vitrioli Martis anodyni unciae sex: Olei Chy∣micè praeparati Absinthii, Anisi, Caryophyllorum, Foeniculi, Ju∣niperi, Lavendulae, Limonum, Rosmarini, Sassafras, & Succini, ana drachmae duae & semis: misce, fiatque massa Pilularum.

Stomachum confortat, ac in omnibus Alvi Profluviis, ut Diar∣rh••eâ, Lienteriâ, Dysenteriâ, Fluxu Hepatico, Vomitu, Haemor∣rhagiâ Narium, Mensibus super∣fluis, Sputo Sanguinis, Catarrhis, aliisque Defluxionibus Experimen∣tum est mirabile. Confortat In∣testina & Membra interiora: in Hydrope, Arthritide, Scorbuto, Icteritia, Suffocatione Matricis, similisque Ʋterinis Affectibus; omnisque generis Febribus, sive sint intermittentes, sive continuae, aut malignae, suam adeò prome∣retur laudem, ut à nullo satis ejus virtutes depredicari possint. In Peste, & Morbis Epidemicis, Morbillis, Variolis, Doloribus ex∣tremis in quacunque Corporis parte, & cujuscunque generis, Colico, Tussi, Phthisi, Calculo Renum & Vesicae exhiberi solet. Spiritus Vitales, Animales, & Naturales in omnibus membris recreat & fortificat. Somnum generosé in∣du it, necnon in Gonorrhoea &

F••uxu albi Matricis, Arcanum est. Dosis, à granis duabus vel tribus ad sex vel octo, horâ somni.

VII. Laudanum Catharticum Nostrum.

℞ Opii Thebaici (succo Li∣monum) extracti, libram unam; Aloes Succotrinae (Aquâ fon∣tanâ) extractae, libras octo; Scammonii resinosi, Zinziberis, Glycyrrhizae, pulverum, ana libram unam: misce, ac Oleo Anisi, Caryophyllorum, Limo∣num, & Sassafras, ana drachmas sex; misce, fiatque massa.

Omnes Dolores universaliter sedat: minùs quidem purgat, magis tamen roborat, & adstrictam Alvum solvit. Virtus hujus Re∣medii admiranda, & nunquam satis laudanda, existit; quoniam ad omnium Visce•…•…m nobiliorum corroborationem commendatur; pra∣vorum insuper Humorum corre∣ctionem; & blandissimam eva∣cuationem promovet, tutâ & jucundâ operatione. Catarrhos te∣nues sistit, ac Tussim inde natam sedat; Somnum conciliat, & in Febribus tertianis & quar∣tanis, aliquot horis ante Paro∣xysmum propinanda praestat. Dosis, horâ somni, â semiscrupla ad scruplam unam, vel semidra∣chmam.

CHAP. LXX. Of PILLS.

1. The Purging Pills.

℞ FINE Aloes lbxv. Colo∣quintida in pouder lbiv. Tur∣peth-Mineral, Cambogia, A. lbiii. dissolve the Aloes and Cambogia in a strong decoction of Coloquintida, and evaporate to the consistency of Honey; to which add the pouders of Coloquintida, and Tuxpeth; and make with Oil of Caraways a mass of Pills.

They purge all Humors, chiefly serous and watery; as also Choler and Phlegm very much; they are a specifick in a Gonorrhaea, and the Whites in Women: they are given with great effect in the Dropsy, Gout. Scurvy, Kings-Evil, Rheuma∣tism, Cachexy, Jaundies, Ob∣structions of the Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, Womb, and Reins; and chiefly to such which can∣not be purged with gentler Me∣dicines: they are good against all impurities of the Brain, Sto∣mach, Bowels, and Blood, Dose, à ℈ i, ad ʒ ss. in the morning fasting.

2. Pills for the French-Pox.

℞ Aloes ℥xvi. Coloquintida in fine pouder ℥viii. Turpeth Mineral, or Arcanum Corallinum ℥ vi. mix, and with a sufficient quan∣tity of a strong decoction of Colo∣quintida and a little Oil of Aniseeds make a mass of Pills.

They are a Specifick against the French-Pox, virulent Gonor∣rhea, Leprosy, Scabbiness, Gout, malign and venereal Ulcers and Fistula's: internally given, they cut and expel tough Phlegm, and purge all kinds of Humors. Dose, à gr. xv, ad ʒss.

3. The Wonderful Pills.

℞ Quick-silver, which tye up in a Rag, that it may squeeze forth in very small grains ℥ v. Juice or Syrup of Limons, q.s. mix, and kill the Quick-silver with the Juice, by grinding them together; when it shall be suffi∣ciently kill'd and mixt, add thereto of Aloes ℥viii. pulp of Co∣loquintida in pouder ℥ iv. Cam∣bogia ℥ii. mix them, and with Syrup of Limons, or a strong Deco∣ction of Coioquintida, make a mass of Pills; adding, as occasion requires, a small quantity of Be∣zoar Mineral, or pouder of Liquo∣rice.

They have all the Virtues of the last aforegoing; but chiefly in the Gout, Rheumatism, Scorbu∣tick and Venereal pains; for which Diseases, nothing is better or more powerful in Nature. Dose, every day, à ℈ss, ad ℈i, or as the occasion may require.

4. Hysterick Pills, or Pills against Fits.

℞ Aloes ℥ v. Coloquintida, Rheubarb, Extract of Opium, Asa foetida, Wood-soot, vola∣ril Salt of Amber, Crocus Martis aperitive, Calx of Tin, Vitriol of Silver, A.℥i. Casror, Camphir, Myrrh, Oil of Amber, A. ℥ ss. Oil of Harts-horn ʒi. mix, and with decoction of Sena,

make a mass of Pills. Or thus. Take Aloes ℥vii. Asa foetida ℥iv. Wood-soot, volatil Salt of Amber, Crocus Martis aperitive, A. ℥ii. Camphir, Myrrh, Oil of Amber, A.℥j. with Syrupof stinking Arach make a mass of Pills.

They wonderfully quiet, and ease the suffocation, pains, and disturbances of the Womb; and are happily given in the Falling-Sickness, Apoplexy, Lethargy, Palsey, Madness, Distemper of the Spleen, and Hypochondriack Melancholy, from Humors heaped up together; they are also help∣ful in the Vertigo, Head-ach, and Megrim. Dose, of the for∣mer, à gr. xv, ad ʒss. of the latter, à ℈i, ad ℈ii.

5. Tartariz'd Laudanum, of that most excellent Man, Dr. Tho. Gardner, the King's Chirurgian.

℞ Salt of Tartar, (made of equal parts of Tartar and Nitre) ℥vi. Oils of Turpentine and Juni∣per, A. ℥ iv. mix them toge∣ther in a large Vessel, and let them stand for some months in a cold and moist place; to wit, so long (stirring them in the mean season every day, and adding more of the Oils, as oft as need re∣quires) 'till the Salt has com∣pleatly drunk up a triple quan∣tity of the Oil, and shall become one thick homogene mass (much like to Soap) not to be separated again. Take of this Soap ℥xviii. Extract of Thebean Opium ℥viii. volatil Salt Armoniack ℥vi. anodyn Sulphur of Mars, Gumm

of Guajacum, a. ℥ iv. Extracts of Venice-Treacle, of Saffron, Cochinele, Virginia Snake-root, Oil of Mace and Nutmegs by expression, a. ℥ ij. mix, and beat them in a Mortar, and with a mixture made of equal parts of the Oils of Anise, Juniper, and Amber, with pouder of Liquorice or Ginger, make a mass of Pills.

Note. The Sulphur of Mars is thus made. Take filings of Iron lbj. Spirit of Vinegar ℥ viij. Spirit of Nitre ℥ ss. mix, and boil to driness; then add Spirit of Vinegar q.s. digest till the Tincture is red, which decant and filter; praecipitate with Oil-of Tartar per deliquium, and edul∣corate the Sulphur with fair Water, for use.

This Medicine much exceeds both Mithridate and Venice-Treacle in its virtue and ope∣ration; from whence it is easy to find out what things it is good for; it is good against the Dropsy, Gout, Pox, and Rheu∣matism; it is a famous Alexi∣terick against the Plague, ma∣lign and contagious Fevers, Bitings of Mad-dogs, Measles, Small-Pox, and all other sorts of Venom. It eases all Pains, and stops all Fluxes of what kind soever; it is good against Coughs and Consumptions, in∣duces pleasant Sleep, and ope∣rates most effectually by Sweat and insensible Transpiration. Dose, à gr. 3, ad viij. at night, or time of going to sleep.

6. Specitick Laudanum of the Author.

℞ Thebian Opium lbj ss. dissolve in juyce of Limons

lbij. mixed with Oil of Sul∣phur ℥ ij. strain, inspissate, and evaporate to the thickness of an Extract; to which add Oil of Nutmegs by expression lbj. Bezoar-mineral, pouders of Cloves, Camphir, Catechu, Cochinel, Winter's Cinamon, Jesuits-Bark, Saffron, Virginian Snake-root, a. ℥ iij. anodyn Sulphur of the Vitriol of Mars ℥ vj. Chymical Oils of Wormwood, Aniseed, Cloves, Fennel, Juniper, Lavender, Li∣mons, Rosemary, Sassafras, and Amber, a. ʒ ij ss. mix, and make a mass of Pills.

It comforts the Stomach, and is by Experience found to be admirable against all Fluxes of the Belly, as a Loosness, Diar∣rhoea, Bloody-flux, Hepatick-flux, Vomitings, Bleeding at Nose, Overflowing of the Terms, Spitting of Blood, Catarrhs, and other Defluxions of Humors. It comforts the Bowels and inter∣nal Members: it is so much praised for its effects against the Dropsy, Gout, Scurvy, Jaundies, Fits of the Mother, and other like Diseases of the Womb; as also all kinds of Fevers, whether intermitting, or continual, or malign, that no man can suffi∣ciently set forth its virtues. It is usually given in the Plague and Epidemick Diseases, Measles, Small-Pox, vehement Pains in whatsoever part of the Body, and of what kind soever, Coughs, Phthisicks, Stone in the Reins and Bladder. It cheers the Spi∣rits, Natural, Vital, and Animal,

and fortifies them in all parts. It causes kind and pleasant Sleep; and is a Secret, in curing a Go∣norrhoea in Men, and the Whites in Women. Dose, à gr. ij, or iij, ad gr. vj, or viij. going to sleep.

7. The Author's Cathartick Laudanum.

℞ Thebian Opium (extracted with the juyce of Limons) lbj. fine Aloes (extracted with fair Water) lbviij. resinous Scam∣mony, Ginger, Liquorice, (all in pouder) a. lbj. mix, and with Oils of Aniseeds, Cloves, Limons, and Sassafras, a. ʒ vj. mix, and make a mass.

It universally eases all Pains: purges indeed less, but strength∣ens the more, and loosens the Belly being bound. The Virtues of this Medicine, to be admi∣red, and never enough to be praised, are manifest; and it is commended for corrobora∣ting the more noble Bowels; but above all, for correcting of corrupt and evil Humors; and its very sweetly purging of the Body, which it does by a very safe and pleasant ope∣ration. It stops thin Catarrhs, and eases the Cough thence proceeding; it induces Sleep, and prevails against tertian and quartan Agues, being given some hours before the Fit. Dose, à ℈ ss, ad ℈ j, aut ʒ ss. at bed-time.

CHAP. LXXI. De LOTIONIBƲS.

I. Aqua Ophthalmica.

℞ AQuae fontanae libras tres, Salis Vitrioli unciam unam: digere per viginti dies, & filtra: addatur Sacchari Sa∣turni drachmae quatuor, Aloes optimae semiuncia, Opii The∣baici drachmae duae; dissolve, ac iterum filtra: huic addantur Spiritus Vini (in quo Cam∣phorae drachmae duae dissolvun∣tur) libra una, Vitri Antimonii, vel Reguli seu Croci Metallorum, pulveris subtilissimi unciae tres: misce, ac digere pro usu.

Instilletur ter vel quater in die Aqua haec Oculo, laboranti Perlâ, Verrucâ, Cataractâ, vel Nebulâ, & spatio dierum triginta vel quadraginta, etsi desperatis∣simus esset Affectus, medetur: atque in omnibus Inflammationi∣bus, & Oculorum Affectibus, hoc Collyrium dicatum est.

II. Aqua Styptica.

℞ Salis ex Capite mortuo reverberato Vitrioli cum Aqua fontana eliciti, unciam unam; Aquae purae uncias duodecim, vel quantitatem sufficientem; misce, ac dissolve; cui addantur Spiritus Vini unciae tres: dige∣ritur, & reponatur ad usum. Aliter. ℞ Pulveris Sympathetici unciam unam, Aquae communis uncias duodecim; misce, ac dissolve: digere per septima∣nam, vel potiùs mensem; de∣inde filtra, & adde Spiritus

Vini uncias quatuor. Vel sic. Vitriolo soluto, filtrato, cum Spiritu Aceti praecipitato, edul∣corato, & siccato, affunde Oleum Vitrioli, & distilla ad siccita∣tem: Caput mortuum digere cum Spiritu Yini; filtra calidè, ac abstrahe: solve Salem in sundo remanentem cum Aquae quadruplo per digestionem, fietque Aqua Styptica.

Hae Aquae onmibus Haemorrha∣giis prosunt, & usus ultimae est internus & externus. Dosis, à guttis decem ad viginti, &c. Vulneribus etiam recentibus, at∣que inveteratis, mirificè meden∣tur.

III. Aqua Calcis cum Mercurio.

℞ Calcis vivae libras duas, Aquae communis libras octo; misce, dissolve, ac digere per horas viginti quatuor: dein decanta & filtra; cui addantur Mercurii dulcis laevigati, vel Praecipitati albi unciae quatuor; misce iterum Vasi agitando, & reservetur ad usum.

Ʋlceribus venereis & Gonor∣rhaeae virulentae prodest, per Syrin∣gem injecta.

IV. Aqua Divina Fernelii.

℞ Aquae Plantaginis (vel communis) uncias duodecim, Sublimati corrosivi granas vi∣ginti quatuor: misce, ac dis∣solva.

Ʋlceribus malignis, invetera∣tis, & venereis, lavando me∣detur.

V. Aqua ad Gnorrhaeam.

℞ Aquae communis libras duas; Vitrioli albi, Aluminis, a. drachmas tres; Catechu dra∣chmas duas, Opii drachmam unam: misce, dissolve, ac filtra;

cui addantur Spiritus Vini un∣ciae quatuor; misce, & reserve∣tur ad usum.

Gonorrhaeae, & Fluxui albo, per Syringem injecta quater vel sexies in die, medetur.

VI. Aqua Mercurialis.

℞ Aquae communis libras duas, Amygdalarum excortica∣tarum uncias duas & semis; misce, fiatque Emulsio: cui addantur Camphorae pulverisa∣tae, Cerussae, ana uncia una; Sublimati corrosivi (in succi Limonum unciis quatuor soluti) drachma una, misce. Vel sic. Rccipe Aquae communis, Succi Limonum, ana libram unam; Sublimati corrosivi drachmas duas, Albuminum Ovorum nu∣mero quatuor; misce omnia diligenter, deinde pone ad So∣lem per octo dies, & serva ad usum. Aliter sic. Recipe Emulsionis praescriptae libras duas, Sublimati corrosivi pulve∣risati drachmas quatuor; misce, ac in Mortario vitreo, triturando dissolva, fiatque Aqua albissima. Aliter, ab Willisio. Recipe Aquae communis libras duas, Sublimati corrosivi pulverisati drachmas quinque & scruplam unam: misce, & stent simul in Vase stanneo per septimanam, vel ad liquoris nigritudinem, agitando saepè Spatula ligneâ; filtra ad claritudinem, & repone in Vitro clauso ad usum.

Ad Faciei Ruborem, Vermiculos, & Pustulas curandum Aqua cer∣tissima est.

VII. Lac Mercurii.

℞ Aquae communis libras duas, Sublimati corrosivi pul∣rerisati sesquiunciam; misce,

agitando in Disco stanneo, ut fiat instar Lactis.

Ʋlceribus malignis & vene∣reis, tangendo medetur.

CHAP. LXXI. Of LOTIONS.

1. Eye-Water.

℞ COmmon Water lbiij. Salt of Vitriol ℥ j. digest twenty days, and filter: then add Saccharum Saturni, fine Aloes, a. ʒ iv. Theban Opium ʒ ij. dis∣solve, and filter: to this add Spirit of Wine (in which Cam∣phir ʒ ij. is dissolved) lbj. Glass of Antimony, or its Re∣gulus, or Crocus Metallorum in fine pouder ℥ iij. mix and digest, for use.

Being dropt into the Eyes of such as are troubled with Pearls, Warts, or Cataracts, Clouds, three or four times a day for thirty or forty days, it cures them, tho' exceeding bad. It is also of use in Inflammations, and all other Affects of the Eyes.

2. The Styptick Water.

℞ The Salt drawn with Wa∣ter from the reverberated Caput mortuum of Vitriol ℥ j. fair Water ℥ xij. or a sufficient quan∣tity; mix, and dissolve: to which add S.V. ℥ iij. digest, and keep it for use. Otherwise. ℞ of the Sympathetick-pouder, ℥ j. common Water ℥ xij. mix, and dissolve: digest for a week, or rather a month, then filter, and add S.V. ℥ iiij. Or thus. Dissolve Vitriol in Water, filter, and with Spirit of Vinegar praecipitate, then edul∣corate

and dry: affuse thereon Oil of Vitriol, and then distil to driness: this Caput mortuum digest with Spirit of Wine, filter warm, and then abstract it: the Salt remaining in the bottom, dissolve in a fourfold quantity of Water by digestion, and the Styptick Water will be made.

These Waters are good to stop all Haemorrhagies or Fluxes of Blood, of what kind soever; and the use of the last of them is both internal and external. Dose, à gut. x, ad xx, &c. They also cure Wounds both new and old, after an admirable manner.

3. Lime-water with Mercury.

℞ Quicklime lbij. common Water lbviij. mix, dissolve, and digest for twenty four hours; then decant and filter: to which add Mercurius dulcis levigated, or white Praecipitate ℥ iv. mix again by shaking the Vessel, and keep it for use.

Being injected with a Syringe, it cures venereal Ulcers, and a virulent Gonorrhoea.

4. Fernelius his Divine Water.

℞ Plantan-water, or fair Wa∣ter ℥ xij. corrosive Sublimate in pouder gr. xxiv. mix, and dis∣solve.

It cures malign, inveterate, and venereal Ulcers, by washing them therewith.

5. A Water for a Gonorrhoea.

℞ Fair Water lbij. white Vitriol, Alum, 2. ʒ iij. Cate∣chu ʒ ij. Opium ʒ j. mix, dissolve, and filter; to which add

Spirit of Wine ℥ iv. mix, and keep it for use.

It cures a Gonorrhoea, and the Whites in Women, being injected with a Syringe four or six times a day.

6. Mercury-Water.

℞ Common Water lbij. blanch'd Almonds ℥ ij ss. mix, and make an Emulsion: to which add Camphir in pouder, Ce∣russ, a. ℥ j. corrosive Sublimate (dissolved in ℥ iv. of juyce of Li∣mons) ʒ j. mix them. Or thus, Take common Water, Juyce of Limons a. lbj. corrosive Subli∣mate ʒ ij. Whites of four Eggs; mix them very well together; in∣solate for eight days, and keep it for use. Or thus. Take of the former Emulsion lbij. corrosive Sublimate in pouder ʒ iv. mix, dissolve by grinding in a glass Mortar, and make a very white Water. Otherwise thus, from Willis. Take common Water lbij. corrosive Sublimate in pouder ʒ v, ℈ j. mix, and let them stand together in a tin Vessel or Basin for a week, or till the liquor grows black, often stirring it with a wooden Spatula; filter it till it is clear, and keep it in a Glass close stopt, for use.

It is a most excellent Water for the curing of Redness, Worms, and Pustles breaking out in the Face.

7. Mercurial Milk.

℞ Common Water lbij. cor∣rosive Sublimate in pouder ℥ j ss. mix them in a tin Basin, and by

stirring them, make the mixturé white like Milk.

It cures malign and venereal Ulcers, by touching them.

CHAP. LXXII. De OLEIS.

I. Oleum calefaciens.

℞ OLEI de Ben, vel Oli∣varum, libras duas; Oleorum seminum Anisi, bac∣carum Juniperi, Limonum, Ros∣marini, Sassafras, & Succini, ana uncias quinque; Campho∣rae uncias duas; misce, ac dis∣solve.

Corporis Doloribus & Vitiis frigidis, Convulsiones, Tetano, Nervorum distentione, & Para∣lysi conducit; Spinae & Renum dolores reprimit, atque Hemicra∣niam, Cephalalgiam, Podagram, & Gonagram levat.

II. Oleum Refrigerans.

℞ Olei de Ben, vel Oliva∣rum, libras duas; Sacchari Saturni (in Spiritu Aceti dis∣soluti) uncias quatuor; misce, pro usu.

Ad Ambusta, Erysipelata, Sca∣biem, & Cutis vitia à salsa Pituita & Bile usta enata, ad Prurigines, ac Pustularum eru∣ptiones commendatur.

III. Oleum Anodynum.

℞ Olei de Ben, vel Oliva∣rum, libras duas; Opii Thebaici (in Aqua dissoluti ad consisten∣tiam

Mellis extracti) uncias duas, Camphorae sesquiunciam: misce.

Dolores mirificè levat, Inflam∣mationes, ac calidos quosvis Tumores reprimit; Arthritidi, Cephalalgiae, Hemicraniae, nec-non doloribus, Splenis, Renum, Ʋteri, Haemorrhoidarum, opem fert.

IV. Oleum Paralyticum.

℞ Oleorum Chymicè prae∣paratorum, Anisi, Foeniculi, Lavendulae, Sabinae, Pulegii, ana uncias quatuor; Olei Terebin∣thinae, Sassafras, ana uncias sex; Olei Succini rectificati uncias duodecim; misce.

Ad Spasmum & Paralysin con∣firmatam commendatur; valenter namque digerit ac emollit, ut Nervorum & Articulorum Tophos dissipet; eorundem etiam frigidos Affectus, & imbeciilitates, seu resolutionum membrorum, sanat.

V. Oleum Cosmeticum.

℞ Olei de Ben libram unam, Praecipitati albi, vel Mercurii dulcis laevigati uncias duas, Olei Tartari per deliquium unciam unam; misce.

Aspera laevigat, Faciei maculas & lentigenes exterit, Ephelides, ac Ʋstiones ex insolatu factas emendat, Lepram, Morphaeam, nec-non Pustulas in Cute à salsa Pituita sanat.

VI. Oleum Diacolocynthidos.

℞ Olei Olivarum libras duas, Vini rubri libram unam, pulpae Colocynthidis uncias duas; co∣quantur ad Vini consumptionem, vel per duas vel tres horas, lento igne, donec Oleum vim totam Colocynthidis attraxerit, tandemque exprimantur & co∣lentur;

& addantur Olei Chy∣mici seminum Anisi, Carui, & Foeniculi, ana drachmae tres; misce, & reponatur ad Enemata.

Dosis, ab uncia una ad duas, prout majori vel minori operandi efficacia opus fuerit, cum Jure pingui permixtum, summum Me∣dicamentum erit ad omnes sopori∣feros Affectus, Apoplexiam, Le∣thargum, & similes; & effectus praestantes foelici cum successu ostentabit in sedandis potissimum intolerabilibus doloribus & pas∣sionibus Colicis, ut-plurimum à Pituita vitrea in Intestinis sub∣ortis; in quibus Purgantia leni∣tiva sola exhibita, inefficacia prorsus & invalida comperientur. Oleum enim hoc Medicamento mi∣rificè contemperat acrem & vene∣natam Colocynthidos qualitatem; adeo ut sic praeparata, neutiquam noxia aut damnosa sit Intesti∣nis.

VII. Oleum ad Vermes.

℞ Olei Olivarum libras duas, succorum Absinthii, Cardui be∣nedicti, ana libram unam; pul∣pae Colocynthidos uncias duas; Aloes (in Aqua dissolutae) un∣ciam unam: misce, & coquan∣tur ad Succi consumptionem, donec Oleum vim ingredien∣tium totam extraxerit, deinde exprimantur & colentur: post∣ea addantur Fellis Bovis defae∣cati unciae octodecim, Oleorum Chymicorum Anisi, Cumini, & Foeniculi, ana semiuncia: misce, & servetur ad usum.

Hoc Oleum mixtum cum La∣cte, aut Jusculo Capitis vervi∣cini, in quantitate sufficienti ad fingendum Enema, summa erit medela adversus Lumbricos quos∣vis.

Infantibus trium, quatuor, aut quinque annorum, sufficiet exhibere pro Dosi semiunciam, vel drachmas sex, cum Lactis unciis quatuor aut quinque, ut fiat Clyster: mediocriter robu∣stis uncia una satis erit, ro∣bustioribus sesquiuncia, imo & robustissimis unciae duae. Hoc Oleum excellentissimum est ad expellen∣dos Vermes, ad demulcendos & leniendos Dolores à causis frigi∣dis, Cruditatibus, Flatibus, ac Humoribus mucilaginosis, tar∣tareis, & arenosis sive calcu∣losis suscitatos; atque ad edu∣cendam foetidam Humorum il∣luviem & putridinem: ad Aegros etiam excitandos in Comatosis & Soporiferis Symptomatis & Affectibus; & ad validius ex∣purgandos omnes Humores, ci∣tra tamen calefactionem nimiam; qualem inducere solent Hierae Logadii, vel Pachii Diacolo∣cynthidos, & hujus alia ge∣neris.

CHAP. LXXII. Of OYLS.

1. The Heating Oyl.

℞ OYL of Ben, or Oyl of Olives, lbij. Oyls of Aniseed, Juniper, Limons, Rose∣mary, Sassafras, and Amber, a. ℥ v. Camphir ℥ ij. mix, and dissolve.

It is good against cold Aches and Diseases of the Body, Con∣vulsions, the Tetanos, or cross Convulsion of the Neck, Dis∣tention of the Nerves, and the Palsy; it eases the pain of the Back and Reins, and gives relief in the pain of the Head, Me∣grim, Gout in the Feet and Knees.

II. The Cooling Oyl.

℞ Oyl of Ben, or of Olives; lbij. Saccharum Saturni (dis∣solved in Spirit of Vinegar) ℥ iv. mix them for use.

It is said to be of good use for Burnings, an Erysipelas, Scab∣biness, or Breakings out, and other vices of the Skin, arising from salt Phlegm and Melancho∣ly, as also Itchings, and Pustles or Pimples breaking out.

3. The Oyl easing Pain.

℞ Oyl of Ben, or of Olives, lbij. Theban Opium (dis∣solved in Water, and extracted

to the consistence of Honey) ℥ ij. Camphir ℥ j ss. mix them.

It gives great ease in Pains, represses Inflammations, and all sorts of hot Swellings: it gives help in the Gout, Head-ach, Megrim; as also in Pains of the Spleen, Reins, Womb, and Haemorrhoids.

4. The Palsy-Oil.

℞ Chymical Oils of Anise, Fennel, Lavender, Savin, Peny∣royal, a. ℥ iv. Oil of Turpentine, Sassafras, a. ℥ vj. rectified Oil of Amber ℥ xij. mix them.

It is said to be good for Cramps and Convulsions, as also a confirmed Palsy; for that it powerfully digests and softens, so as to discuss and softens, so as to discuss Knots in the Nerves and Joints: it cures also the cold Affects of those parts, and the weakness or resolution of the members.

5. The Beautifying Oil.

℞ Oil of Ben lbj. white Praecipitate, or Mercurius dulcis levigated ℥ ij. Oil of Tartar per deliquium ℥ j. mix them.

It makes smooth a rough Skin, and takes away Spots, Freckles or Lentils of the Face, and Sun-burnings; and prevails against the Leprosy, Morphew, Scurf; as also Pustules breaking out in the Skin from salt Phlegm.

6. Oil of Coloquintida.

℞ Oil Olive lbij. Red Wine lbj. pulp of Coloquintida ℥ ij. boil to the consumption of the Wine; or for two or three hours, with a gentle fire, till the Oil has drawn forth all the virtue of the Colo∣quintida; then strain out by pres∣sing, and add Chymical Oils of

Aniseeds, Caraways, and Fennel-seeds, a. ʒ iij. mix, and keep it for Clysters.

The Dose is from ʒ j, ad ℥ ij. more or less, according as the occasion may require; being mixt with fat Broth, (and given Clyster-wise) it is an excellent thing against all Sleepy-Diseases, as the Apoplexy, Lethargy, and the like; it operates upon the spot, and with good success, in easing the most vehement pains and disorders of the Colick, chiefly those which proceed from a kind of glassy Phlegm in the Bowels; in which cases, lenitive Purges being only given, are ineffectual, and do no kind of good. For the Oil-olive in this Composition does admi∣rably allay and qualify the acrid and (as it were) venene quality of the Coloquintida; and so being thus prepared, it is not in the least hurtful or prejudi∣cial to the Intestines.

7. The Oil against Worms.

℞ Oil-olive lbij. juices of Wormwood, Carduus benedictus, a. lbj. pulp of Coloquintida ℥ ij. Aloes (dissolved in Water) ℥ j. mix, and boil to the consumption of the Juices, and till the Oil has extracted all the virtue of the ingredients, then strain out by pressing: afterwards add Ox or Bulls Gall defecated ℥ xviij. Chy∣mical Oils of Anise, Cumin, and Fennel, a. ℥ ss. mix, and keep it for use.

This Oil, mixt with a sufficient quantity of Milk, or the Broth of a Wethers-head, and given as a Clyster, is an excellent thing to kill all sorts of Worms,

To Children of three, four, or five years old, you may give ab ℥ ss, ad ʒ vj. mixt with ℥ iv, or v. of Milk, for a Clyster: to those who are moderately strong, it may be given to ℥ j. such as are stronger, may re∣ceive it to ℥ j ss. and the strongest Bodies or Constitu∣tions, may have it exhibited to ℥ ij. This Oil is a most excellent Medicine for expel∣ling Worms, and to abate and ease Pains proceeding from a cold cause, from Crudities, Wind, and mucilaginous, tar∣tartarous, or viscous and lapi∣descent Humors; and to expel the fetid nastiness and putrid∣ness of the Humors: it is given also to rouse up such as are sick of a Coma, or afflicted with Sleepy Symptoms or Dis∣eases; and for the more effe∣ctual purging forth all sorts of Humors, without exciting too much heat; which is usual where the Hierae Diacolocynthi∣dos of Logadius and Pachius, with other things of like kind, are given.

CHAP. LXXIII. De BALSAMIS.

I. Balsamum Vulnerarium Nostrum.

℞ OLEI de Ben, vel Oli∣varum libras tres, Tere∣binthinae Argentoratensis libras duas, Cerae libram unam, Bal∣sami

Tolutani, vel Peruani, vel Chiliani; Thuris, ana uncias octo: Olei Chymici Lavandulae uncias tres; misce, fiatque Bal∣samum secundum Artem.

Inter Sarcotica Chirurgis usur∣patum, multa habet; emollit & concoquat, Carnem creat, putri∣damque depascit; Vulnera cujus∣cunque generis, & quacunque Corporis parte, tutò, citò, jucundè, & perfectè sanat.

II. Balsamum Anodynum Nostrum.

℞ Balsami Peruani, vel To∣lutani, vel Chiliani; Thuris, ana libram unam: Camphorae, Opii, (cum Aqua ad Mellis consisten∣tiam extracti) ana uncias no∣vem; Sacchari Saturni uncias quatuor, Spiritus Vini quanti∣tatem sufficientem; misce, ac digere in Arena per decem dies.

Dolores Arthriticos, Convulsivos, & Colicos mirificè sopit; linteola in isto intincta dolentibus locis adhibeantur, renovando quarta, vel quinta quaque hora, donec omnes cruciatus cessent. Internè detur ad granas octo vel decem; & per Enema, in Colica, ad scruplam unam vel semidra∣chmam: itaque in Dysenteriis, Lienteriis, aliisque Fluxibus Alvi.

III. Balsamum Gummi Elemi Nostrum.

℞ Gummi Elemi, Terebin∣thinae Venetiae, ana libras duas; Cerae Animalis vel Myrtillorum sesquilibram; Olei de Ben, vel Hyperici libram unam; Balsa∣mi Peruani, Styracis liquidae, ana semilibram; misce, fiatque Balsamum.

Putridini efficaciter resistit, &

Vulnera Capitis faeliciter sanat; Ʋlceraque contumacia ac Fistulas, detergendo expurgat; lentè desic∣cat, Carnem in Ʋlceribus gene∣rat, eaque ad cicatricem per∣ducit. Balsamum hoc, nulli Me∣dicamento, ad Vulnera implenda Carne, & agglutinanda, cedit: Nervos quoque roborat, calorem partis fovet, maximéque Capitis aegritudinibus externis, prodest.

IV. Mel Saponis.

℞ Saponis Castallensis, Mel∣lis optimi, ana libram unam; Olei Tartari per deliquium, uncias quatuor; misce.

Arthritidi, omnibusque Dolori∣bus Juncturarum, & partium adjacentium medetur.

V. Balsamum de Sapone.

℞ Saponis Castallensis, Olei de Ben, seu Olivarum, ana li∣bram unam; Olei baccarum Juniperi, Terebinthinae Argento∣ratensis, ana uncias quatuor; flo∣rum Sulphuris uncias tres; misce.

Nervorum debilitati, Tremori, Paralysi, Arthritidi, omnibusque Doloribus, & Morbis praesertim externis frigidis confert: Calorem nativum reficit, atque partes im∣becilles roborat, & imbecillitatis causam aufert.

VI. Balsamum Amicum Nostrum.

℞ Terebinthinae Argentora∣tensis, Balsami de Copayba, Gum∣mi Elemi, ana uncias duodecim; Thuris, Resinae, Cerae, ana uncias decem; Styracis liquidae, liquid-Ambari, Petrolaei clari, ana uncias octo, Balsami Pe∣ruani, Tolutani, Olei Nucis mo∣schatae, ana uncias sex; Masti∣ches, Myrrhae, Olibani, Scam∣monii

resinosi, ana, pulvere subtilissimo, uncias quatuor; Olei Hyperici uncias quadra∣ginta octo: in Oleo dissolvan∣tur Resinae, Cera, Gummi, Balsama, & Olea aromatica; posteà, & dum adhuc calent, inspergantur Pulveres; diù, & sine intermissione agitando, misce, fiatque Balsamum.

Frigidos Nervorum Morbos tollit, ac Doloribus eorundem opi∣tulatur; Vulnera maximè sanat; Ʋlceribus & Fistulis prodest, quia mundificat, siccat, abstergit, coquit, & consolidat; nec-non absque ullius acrimoniae sensu Ci∣catricem ducit. Potenter digerit, ac resolvit, Nervos roborat, & à frigidis injuriis tuetur.

VII. Balsamum Arthriticum Nostrum.

℞ Olei Olivarum libras qua∣tuor, Opii (cum Aqua ad Mellis consistentiam extracti,) Tere∣binthinae Argentoratensis, Thuris, Saponis Castallensis, ana libras duas; Camphorae, Petrolaei clari, Cerae, Saccharum Saturni, (in Aceto dissoluti) ana libram unam; misce, fiatque Balsa∣mum.

Arthriticis & Ischiadicis uti∣liter adhibetur; Inflammationem omnem extinguit, Dolores sedat, Sensus stupefacit, Cephalalgiae & Phrenetidi confert, Renum ardores illitum temperat, Artus laxatos firmat, Ecchymosin delet, & ad omnes dolores Juncturis contractus foeliciter usurpatur.

VIII. Balsamum Polychrestum Nostrum.

℞ Olei de Ben, Terebinthi∣nae Argentoratensis, ana libras duas; Styracis liquidae, liquid-Ambari,

Petrolaei, Cerae, ana libram unam; Camphorae, Oleo∣rum Chymicorum Anisi, Juni∣peri, Lavendulae, Limonum, Rosmarini, Sassafras, Succini, ana uncias tres; misce, fiatque Balsamum.

Animam & Naturam confortat, ejus tamen usus ad Nervorum genus roborandum, intemperiem frigidam tollendam, nativum Par∣tis calorem excitandum & fo∣vendum, & robur Membris con∣ciliandum. Eo dum illinitur Dorsi Spina, mira celeritate Paralysi & Stupori succurrit. Dolores à causis frigidis aufert, & Par∣tium debilitati efficacissimè pro∣dest. Calefacit, siccat, essentia & tenuitate aperit, penetrat, digerit, Materiam omnem ex∣crementitiam resolvit; Morbis Ce∣rebri & Nervorum, ut Lethargo, Vertigini, Tremori, multisque aliis prodest.

IX. Balsamum Ophthalmicum Nostrum.

℞ Mellis optimi uncias vi∣ginti quatuor, Fellis Bovis uncias duodecim, Terebinthinae Argentoratensis, Sacchari Satur∣ni, ana uncias sex; Mastiches, Myrrhae, Olibani, Sanguis Dra∣conis, Sarcocollae, Scammonii, ana uncias tres; Auri Vitae uncias duas; misce.

Praestans est Balsamum, non modo ad Pterygium Oculorum, sed etiam ad omnes Affectus & Ma∣culas eorum delendas. Ambliopiae, Caligini, Visus debilitati & he∣betudini, Oculorum rubori & la∣chrymae prodest. Efficacissimum est ad Tunicas roborandas, & Ʋlcera sananda.

CHAP. LXXIII. Of BALSAMS.

1. Our Wound-Balsam.

℞ OIL of Ben, or of Olives, lbiij. Strasburg-Tur∣pentine lbij. Wax lbj. Balsam of Peru, Tolu, or Chili, Frank∣incense,

a. ℥ viij. Chymical Oil of Lavender ℥ iij. mix, and make a Balsam according to Art.

It is a great thing among those which Chirurgians use as Sarcoticks or Flesh-breeders; it is emollient and digestive, breeds Flesh, takes away the Putrifaction; and safely, speedi∣ly, easily, and perfectly cures Wounds, be they of what kind soever, and in what part of the Body soever.

2. Our Anodyn-Balsam.

℞ Balsam of Peru, Tolu, or Chili; Frankincense, a. lbj. Camphir, Opium, (extracted with Water, to the consistence of Honey) a. ℥ ix. Saccharum Saturni ℥ iv. Spirit of Wine, a sufficient quantity; ••ix, and digest in Sand for ten days.

It wonderfully eases Arthri∣tick, Convulsive and Colick pains, rags being dipt therein, and applied to the parts af∣fected, renewing the applica∣tion every fourth or fifth hour, till the pain wholly ceases. In∣wardly, it is given à gr. viij, ad x. and by Clysters, in a Colick, à ℈ j, ad ℈ ss. as also in Bloody-fluxes, Lienteries, and other Fluxes of the Belly.

3. Our Balsam of Gum-Elemi.

℞ Gum Elemi, Venice-Tur∣pentine, a. lbij. Bees-wax, or Wax of Myrtle-berries lbj ss. Oil of Ben, or of Hypericon lbj. Balsam of Peru, liquid Storax, a. lbss. mix, and make a Balsam.

It powerfully resists Putrifa∣ction,

and easily cures Wounds of the Head; it makes contu∣macious Ulcers and Fistula's easy to heal, by cleansing them; it gently drys, breeds Flesh in Ulcers, and heals them. This Balsam is inferior to no other, for filling Wounds with Flesh, and agglutinating their lips for healing: it also strengtheneth the Nerves, comforts the heat of the Part, and is extreamly good for external affects of the Head.

4. Honey with Soap.

℞ Castil-Soap, best Honey, a. lbj. Oil of Tartar per deli∣quium ℥ iv. mix them.

It helps the Gout, and all sorts of Pains of the Joints, and parts adjacent.

5. Balsam of Soap.

℞ Castil-Soap, Oil of Ben, or of Olives, a. lbj. Strasburg-Turpentine, Oil of Juniper-berries, a. ℥ iv. flowers of Sulphur ℥ iij. mix them.

It is good for weakned Nerves, Tremblings, Palsies, Gouts, and chiefly for all sorts of external Pains and Diseases: it restores the native Heat, strengthens weak parts, and removes the cause of that weakness.

6. Our Friendly Balsam.

℞ Strasburgh-Turpentine, Bal••∣sam of Capivi, Gum Elemi, a. ℥ xij. Frankincense, Rosin, Wax, a. ℥ x. liquid Styrax, li∣quid Amber, pure Oil of Peter, a. ℥ viij. Balsams of Peru, of Tolu, Oil of Nutmegs by expres∣sion, a. ℥ vj. Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, resinous Scammony, all in subtil pouder, a. ℥ iv. Oil

of Hypericon ℥ xl. in the Oil dissolve the Rosin, Wax, Gums, Balsams, and aromatick Oils; afterwards, but whil'st yet hot, sprinkle in the Pouders, stirring the whole for a good while, and without intermission, and conclude the Balsam.

It removes cold Diseases of the Nerves, and Pains afflict∣ing them; it admirably heals Wounds; and is good for Ul∣cers and Fistula's, because it digests, purifies, cleanses, drys, and consolidates, and produces the Cicatrice, without the least sense of acrimony or sharpness. It powerfully digests and re∣solves, strengthens the Nerves, and preserves them from Dis∣eases coming of cold.

7. Our Gout-Balsam.

℞ Oil-olive lbiv. Opium, (extracted with Water, to the thickness of Honey) Strasburgh-Turpentine, Frankincense, Castil-Soap, a. lbij. Camphir, clear Oil of Peter, Wax, Saccharum Saturni, a. lbj. mix, and make a Balsam.

It is very good against the Gout and Sciatica; it allays all sorts of Inflammations, eases Pains, stupifies the Senses, is good against the Head-ach and Phrensy; and by anointing thereon, allays the heat of the Reins, strengthens loose and weak Joints, discusses Contu∣sions, and is successfully used in all Pains of the Joints.

VIII. Our Balsam of many Virtues.

℞ Oil of Ben, Strasburgh-Turpentine, a. lbij. liquid Sto∣rax, liquid Amber, Oil of Peter,

Wax, a. lbj. Camphir, Chymical Oils of Aniseeds, Juniper, Laven∣der, Limons, Rosemary, Sassafras, Amber, a. ℥ iij. mix, and make a Balsam.

It comforts Nature, and as it were, the Soul it self; but its chief uses are, to strengthen the Nervous System, to remove their cold intemperature, to stir up and revive the native heat of the Parts, and fortifie the strength of the Members. It is of admirable use against Numb∣ness and the Palsy, being an∣ointed all along the Back-bone. It takes away Pains proceeding from cold causes, and is power∣fully good against the debility of the Parts. It warms and drys, and by its essence and subtilty, it opens, penetrates, digests, and resolves all excrementitious Matter; and is good against Diseases of the Head and Nerves, as the Lethargy, Verti∣go, Trembling, and many others of like kind.

9. Our Eye-Balsam.

℞ Of the best Honey ℥ xxiv. Ox-gall ℥ xij. Strasburgh-Turpen∣tine, Saccharum Saturni, a. ℥ vj. Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, Sanguis Draconis, Sarcocolla, Scammony, a. ℥ iij. Aurum Vitae ℥ ij. mix them.

It is a powerful Balsam, not only to take off Films from the Eyes, but to remove Spots, Pearls, and all other Affects of the same. It is good against dimness of Sight, darkness, weakness of the Sight, and defects of the same, redness and watering of the Eyes. It is a most powerful Medicament to strengthen their Tunicles, and cure Ulcers therein.

CHAP. LXXIV. De ƲNGƲENTIS.

I. Ʋnguentum Aegyptiacum.

℞ AERuginis uncias quin∣que, Aceti Vini fortis uncias septem, Mellis uncias quatuordecim; coquantur omnia simul, donec fiat Unguentum spissum, & colore purpureum.

Valentissimam ad Saniem sic∣candam, Sordes detergendas, & Carnem absumendam, Ʋlceribus malignis, putrilaginosis, & cuni∣culosis convenit.

II. Ʋnguentum Album.

℞ Sacchari Saturni (in Aceto soluti) uncias quatuordecim, Olei de Ben, vel Olivarum, li∣bram unam; Cerae albae uncias quatuor, Camphorae (Spiritu Vini) dissolutae semiunciam, Albuminum Ovorum numero sex: misce Saccharum solutum, & Camphoram; illicò Albumi∣na Ovorum conquassata, ac in Aquam veluti per se resoluta, commisceri queunt; atque his demùm aliquandiu invicem agi∣tatis, ultimò Cera in Olco liquata addi potest.

Ad Ambusta, Erysipelata, Scabiem, & Cutis vitia, à salsis Pituita & Bile usta enata com∣mendatur: ad Prurigines, ac Pustularum eruptiones, acrem Ser∣piginem, attrita; & intemperiem Ʋlcerum calidam, valet, ubi calor est, ustio, & excoriatio.

III. Ʋnguentum Basilicon.

℞ Cerae, Resinae, Picis navalis, ana libram unam; Olei Olivarum sesquilibram; misce.

Omnia enim Vulnera tutò & salubriter sanat, praecipuè partibus nervosis & carnosis; Ʋlceribus foedis ac malignis opitulatur; mundificat, abstergit, coquit, & consolidat.

IV. Ʋuguentum Fuscum Wurtzii.

℞ Scrofulariae, Chamaecissi, Veronicae, ana manipulos duos; incidantur, contundanturque, imponantur Vesicae vitreae: his affunde Aceti Vini ad eminen∣tiam duorum digitorum; digere in Arena calida per septima∣nam: Acetum exprime, cujus ad uncias duodecim addantur Sulphuris Vitrioli abstersivi, Vitrioli Phlegmae, ana unciae octo; florum Aeris unciae quin∣que, Mellis despumati unciae viginti quatuor; misce, & coquantur simul Igne lento ad Unguentum.

Putridini maximè resistit, & Carnem mortuam à sana potenter separat; unde plurimùm commen∣dabilis est in Gangraena & Spha∣celo, omnibusque aliis Ʋlceribus valdè putridis & sinuosis exsiccat & detergit; Humoresque putrido & venenatos, Juncturis & par∣tibus adjacentibus infestos, forti∣ter emendat & corrigit.

V. Ʋnguentum Mercuriale.

℞ Mercurii (cum Terebin∣thinae unciis quatuor, Olei de Ben unciis duas) extin∣cti, uncias quatuor; Olei de Ben, Sevi bovilli vel ovilis, ana

uncias decem: misce primò Oleum & Sevum, deinde addan∣tur Mercurius extinctus, & Olei Rhodii semiuncia; fiatque Unguentum.

Scabiei, & Ʋceribus malignis & venereis prodest; Pruritum, & Lepram juvat; siccat sine morsu, Ʋlceraque difficilia per∣sanat. Si post repurgatum Cor∣pus, Spinae Dorsi, Juncturae, Pal∣mae, Soleae, aliasque partes, bis, ter, atque iterum illiniantur, sic ut ad excitantem Salivatonem, seu Humoris virulenti per Os ex∣putationem, Morbo venereo, omni∣busque ejusdem Symptomatis me∣detur.

VI. Ʋnguentum Nicotianae.

℞ Foliorum recentium Ni∣cotianae libras duas & semis, Succi Nicotianae, Olei Olivarum, ana sesquilibram; lento igne bulliantur ad humiditatis con∣sumptionem, postea coletur & exprimatur. Huic expresso adde Terebinthinae Argentoratensis, Se∣vi ovilis, ana uncias decem; Cerae uncias sex; radicis Ari∣stolochiae rotundae subtilissimè pulverisatae uncias quinque; mi∣sce, fiatque Unguentum. Aliter. Recipe Extracti Nicotianae sic∣cae libras tres, Olei Olivarum, Sevi bovilli, ana libras duas; Terebinthinae Argentoratensis ses∣quilibram; Cerae, radicis Ari∣stolochiae rotundae pulverisatae, ana uncias novem; foliorum Nicotianae pulverisatae uncias septem; misce, fiatque Un∣guentum.

Excrementa serosa ab Ʋlceri∣bus, vim absumendi habet, cras∣siora separandi, & extergendi: Dolores mitigat, Humorem ma∣lignum

parti impactum coquit, illius acrimoniam lenit, & Carne Ʋlcera implet. Insigni autem virtute, eaque peculiari, prodest Vulneribus à Cane rabido inflictis, corumque virus specifica proprie∣tate extinguit, & Humores in∣fectos Veneno exterget & absumit. Hoc Ʋnguentum à Jouberto in sua Pharmacopoeia describitur, cui miram in Scrophulis dissipandis vim inesse ait. Celebratur autem po∣tissimùm in Ʋlceribus & Vulneri∣bus, tàm recentibus quàm antiquis, persanandis. Adustis & Ambu∣stis quoque medetur; Morphaeam delet, Tineam Capitis exterit, & Cutem à Scabie mundificat. Ar∣thritidi, Oedemati, aliisque simi∣libus Tumoribus prodest.

VII. Ʋnguentum Populeon.

℞ Oculorum Populi arboris libras duas, foliorum recentium Cicutae, Hyoscyami, Papaveris, Lactucae, Sempervivi, Solani, ana uncias quinque; Olei Oliva∣rum libras quinque: Herbae & Oculi contundantur, & misce∣antur Oleo Olivarum: mace∣rentur in Arena calida per tres circiter septimanas; coquantur postea, supra lentum ignem, ad Humiditatis ferè totalem consumptionem; tunc fiat cola∣tura cum forti expressione, deinde addantur Sevi ovilis libras tres: misce, fiatque Un∣guentum.

Inflammationes extinguit, Phle∣gmonas omnes remittit, Dolores àe causis calidis mitigat, Aposte∣mata calida contemperat, Pleu∣riticos juvat; Cephalalgiam & Hemicraniam à causa calida sedat, Fluxiones fiftit, Humorum

impetum cohibet, & Erysipelata extinguit.

VIII. Ʋnguentum Cosmeticum.

℞ Olei de Ben, Sevi ovilis, ana libras sex; misce ad ignem lentum, & addantur Olei Tar∣tari per deliquium unciae sex, Spermatis Ceti, Sacchari Sa∣turni, ana unciae octo; Cam∣phorae, Olei Aurantiorum & Limonum, ana uncia una: mi∣sce, fiatque Unguentum. Si tibi placet, ad unciam unam, Praecipitati albi vel Mercurii dulcis levigati drachma una addatur.

Prurito, Morphaeae, Ephelidi, Lentiginibus, Pustulis ab ichoribus Sanguinis calidis aut Bile natis, aliisque Cutis vitiis prodest: In∣flammationes, Erysipelata, Sacros Ignes, ac calidos quosvis Tumores potenter reprimit.

IX. Ʋnguentum ad Scabiem.

℞ Olei Olivarum (in quo radicum Scrophulariae libra una coquatur) uncias quatuordecim, Sevi ovilis uncias octo, Florum Sulphuris, vel Pulveris Sulphuris vivi subtilissimi uncias quatuor, Praecipitati albi, vel Mercurii dulcis laevigati, uncias duas: misce.

Ad Cutis vitia ex Scabie usus est; Pruritum curat; atque ad Lepram, Morphaeam, aliosque Morbos hujus generis confert; fervorem temperat Humoris, & Succum vitiosum Cuti impactum extergit: valet ad Ambusta, & Ʋlcera maligna & putrida; qualia sunt Cacoëthe, Herpes Narium, Faciei, Pudendi, & Digitorum gangraenosa Ʋlcera: malignitatem & putridinem Ʋl∣cerum

corrigit: Ozaenae, Gum∣matibus Gallicis, Ʋlcerationibus Strumarum & Mentulae, Ficu∣busque, seu Carnis Excrescentiae medetur.

X. Ʋnguentum Tutiae.

℞ Olei Olivarum libras tres, Cerae libram unam, Thuris uncias sex, Tutiae praeparatae uncias novem, Sacchari Saturni uncias quinque; misce, fiatque Unguentum.

Omnibus Inflammationibus, Ʋl∣ceribus sordidis ac pertinacibus, & Ambustionibus, & Erysipela∣te medetur. Calidas Oculorum fluxiones demulcet & sistit, eo∣rundem rubedinem & inflamma∣tionem aufert, nec-non dolores inde natos tranquillat: acerbissimos etiam Haemorrhoidarum dolores placat, earundemque inflamma∣tiones retundit.

CHAP. LXXIV. Of OINTMENTS.

I. The Aegyptian Ointment.

℞ VErdigrise ℥ v. strong Wine-Vinegar ℥ vij. Honey ℥ xiv. boil all together, till they come to the thickness of an Oint∣ment, and to a purple colour.

It is very powerful for drying up thin Humors, cleansing Ul∣cers of their Filth, eating away of Flesh, and healing of old putrid Ulcers and Fistula's.

II. The White Ointment.

℞ Saccharum Saturni (dis∣solved in Vinegar) ℥ xiv. Oil of Ben, or Olives, lbj. white Wax ℥ iv. Camphir (dissolved in Spirit of Wine) ℥ ss. Whites of six Eggs: mix the dissolved Saccharum and Camphir, then the Whites of Eggs, (first beaten together, till they resolve as it were into Water) which being added, let them be again beaten together for a good while; lastly, you must add the Wax being melted with the Oil, to compleat the Ointment.

It is very good for Burnings or Scaldings, Erysipela's, Scab∣biness, and vices of the Skin, arising from salt Phlegm and burnt Choler: it is good against Itching, breakings out of Pim∣ples, fretting Ringworms, Gal∣lings; and the vehement pain of Ulcers, where there is heat, burning, and excoriation.

3. The Royal Ointment.

℞ Wax, Rosin, Ship-pitch, a. lbj. Oil-olive lbj ss. mix them.

It heals all wounds safely and securely, chiefly in nervous and fleshy parts; it is good against putrid and malign Ulcers, cleanses, purifies, digests, and heals them.

4. The Brown Ointment of Wurtz.

℞ Pilewort, Alehoof, Speed∣wel, a. M. ij. cut and bruise them, and put them into a glass Vesica: to which put Wine-Vinegar, so much as may over-top them the height of two inches; digest in warm Sand for a week: then press out the Vinegar, to ℥ xij. of which add abstersive Sulphur of Vitriol, Phlegm of Vitriol, a. ℥ viij. pure Vedigrise ℥ v. clarified Honey ℥ xxiv. mix, and boil with a gentle Fire to an Ointment.

It admirably resists Putrifa∣ction, and perfectly makes a separation of dead Flesh from the sound; for which reason it is mightily commended against a Gangren and Sphacelus, and all sorts of other Ulcers, tho' vehemently putrid, and very hollow: it consumes the moist∣ure, and cleanses; and power∣fully alters, amends, and corrects putrid, venene, or malign Humors, insesting the Joints, and parts adjacent.

5. The Mercurial Ointment.

℞ Mercury or Quick-silver (kill'd with Turpentine ℥ iv. mixed with ℥ ij. of Oil of Ben) ℥ iv. Oil of Ben, beef or mutton Suet, a. ℥ x. mix first the Oil and Suet

together by melting, then add the Quick-silver as before killed, and Oil of Rhodium ℥ ss. mix, and make an Ointment.

It is good against Scabbiness, malign, and venereal Ulcers; it helps the Itch and Leprosy; it drys without any sharpness or biting, and perfectly cures Ulcers difficult to heal. If (after purge∣ing of the Body) it is anointed along the Back-bone, the Joints, Palms of the Hands, Soles of the Feet, and other parts, two, three, or four times, so as to excite a Salivation, or spitting forth of the virulent Humor by the Mouth, it cures the French Disease, with all its Symptoms.

6. Ointment of Tobacco.

℞ Green leaves of Tobacco lbij ss. juice of Tobacco, Oil-olive, a. lbj ss. boil them with a gentle fire to the consumption of the humidity, afterwards strain out by pressing. To this expressed substance add Strasburgh-Turpen∣tine, Sheeps-suet, a. ℥ x. Wax ℥ vj. round Birthwort-roots in fine pouder ℥ v. mix, and make an Ointment. Otherwise. Take Extract of dry Tobacco lbiij. Oil-olive, Beef-suet, a. lbij. Strasburgh-Turpentine lbj ss. Wax, pouder of round Birthwort-roots, a. ℥ ix. pouder of Tobacco-leaves ℥ vij. mix, and make an Oint∣ment.

It takes away serous or thin excrements in Ulcers, and se∣parates and cleanses them from the more thick: it eases Pain,

digests malign Humors impacted in any part, abates their acri∣mony, and fills Ulcers with Flesh. It is a Medicament of great fame, and is peculiarly good for Wounds made by the bitings of mad Dogs, for it extinguisheth their Poison by a specifick vir∣tue, cleansing and taking away the poisonous Humor. This Oint∣ment is described by Joubertus in his Pharmacopoeia, where he says it is of admirable use in dissipating Scrophulous Tumors. It is also celebrated for a most excellent thing in curing all sorts of Wounds and Ulcers, whether new or old. It cures also Burnings and Scaldings; takes away Morphew; heals Scald-Heads, and cures Scabbiness. It is profitable also for the Gout and Oedema, and such other like Tumors.

7. Ointment of Poplar-buds.

℞ Buds of the Poplar-tree lbij. fresh leaves of Hemlock, Henbane, Poppy, Lettice, House∣leek, Nightshade, a. ℥ v. Oil-Olive lbv. beat the Herbs and Buds together, and mix them with the Oil: macerate them in warm Sand for about three weeks; afterwards boil them over a gentle fire, to the consumption of almost all the humidity, then strain out by strongly expressing; lastly, add Sheep-suet lbiij. mix, and make an Ointment.

It takes away Inflammations, discusses all sorts of Phlegmons, eases Pains from a hot cause, and allays hot Apostems; helps in Pleurisies, gives ease in the Megrim and Head-ach, stops Fluxes of Humors, hinders their

impetus or violence, and cures an Erysipelas.

8. The Cosmetick, or Beautifying-Ointment.

℞ Oil of Ben, Sheeps-suet, a. lbvj. mix them on a gentle fire, and add thereto Oil of Tartar per deliquium ℥ vj. Sperma Ceti, Saccharum Saturni, a. ℥ viij. Camphir, Oil of Oranges and Limons, a. ℥ j. mix, and make an Ointment. If you please, you may to one ounce hereof, add one dram of white Praecipitate, or Mercurius dulcis levigated.

It is good against the Itch, Morphew, Pimples, Freckles, Len∣tils, Pustles, from sharp humors of the Blood, or Choler, with other vices and defilements of the Skin: it powerfully repres∣ses Inflammations, Erysipela's, Wild-fire, Shingles, with other kinds of hot Tumors or Eru∣ptions.

9. Ointment against Scabbiness.

℞ Oil-olive (in which roots of Pilewort lbj. have been boiled) ℥ xiv. Sheeps-suet ℥ viij. Flowers of Sulphur, or fine Pouder of Sulphur vive ℥ iv. white Praecipitate, or Mercurius dulcis laevigated ℥ ij. mix them.

It of good use in curing Scabbiness, and other vices of the Skin; it cures the Itch, and prevails against the Leprosy, Morphew, and other Diseases of like kind; it allays the heat of Humors, and cleanses the Skin of vicious Juices impacted there∣in: it is good against Burn∣ings, putrid and malign Ul∣cers, and such as are evil to heal; as also against a Herpes

of the Nose and Face, and gan∣grenous Ulcers of the Privities, Fingers or Toes. It corrects the putridness and malignity of Ulcers, and cures an Ozaena, Venereal Gumms, Strumous Ulcers, Caruncles in the Yard, Ficus in Ano, or other Fleshy Excrescencies.

10. Ointment of Tutty.

℞ Oil-olive lbiij. Wax lbj. Frankincense ℥ vj. Tutty pre∣pared ℥ ix. Saccharum Saturni ℥ v. mix, and make an Ointment.

It cures all Inflammations, foul, sordid, and rebellious Ulcers, Burnings with Fire, and an Erysipelas. It cools and stops a hot flux of Humors upon the Eyes, takes away their red∣ness and inflammation, and eases the pains thence arising: it gives ease in the most vehement torture of the Haemorrhoids; abating their violent heat and burning.

CHAP. LXXV. De PƲLVERIBƲS.

I. Pulvis Mercurii coagulati.

℞ MErcurii crudi, Plumbi vel Stanni crudi, ana unciam unam; fluat Saturnus vel Stannus in Crucibulo, tum effundatur in aliud Crucibulum frigidum, & mox superfun∣datur ei Argentum vivum; sta∣timque haec duo abeunt in unam massam: hanc massam projice

in Crucibulum calidum, non tamen ignitum planè, & statim fluida, effunde in Crucibulum frigidum; illudque iterum re∣pete, ut duo haec Metalla benè uniantur: sic omnia melius miscebuntur, & constituent mas∣sam duriorem; quae imposita per aliquot dies & noctes in Aquam Fabrorum ferrariorum, evadit durissima. Nonnulli Mer∣curium crudum includunt lin∣teolo denso, & Saturnum effu∣sum, & jam ex parte coagula∣tum, mollem tamen adhuc, Ba∣culo, aut Stylo, perforant, & in foramen Mercurium cum linteo inserunt; sicque Mer∣curium vapore Saturni coagu∣lant.

Ʋsus multiplex est. Primò, ut fiat malleabilis, & habeatur basis Lunae fixae: secundò, potest gestari pro Amuleto contra Pestem, & Venena: tertiò, potest redigi in pulverem, & addi Emplastris: quartò, potest inspergi Ʋlceribus antiquis, quorum Panacaea Mer∣curius est; nam est Alcali, & absorbet Acida: quintò, ut inserviat Mercurio diaphoretico, aliisque concinnandis Medicamen∣tis.

II. Sulphur Vitrioli abstersivus.

Vitrioli calcinati libras duas in Olla per horam candefacimus, frangimus deinde Ollam, & Vi∣triolum in Aceto aliquandiu co∣quimus, affundendo in fine Aquam fontanam, quam ad medium evaporatam, postquam

aliquantulum ab igne remota steterit, decantamus; quod in Olla remanet, aliâ Aquâ af∣fusà rursus coquimus, dum ru∣bro colore tinctus sit; tunc decantamus, novamque rursus affundimus, procedendo ut prius, dum Aqua non amplius tingatur. Confusos deinde hos decantatos Liquores ad siccita∣tem Terrae rubrae evaporamus. Terram hanc rursus candefa∣ctum in Aquam conjicimus, coquimus, liquorem tinctum decantamus, aliam affundimus; hunc laborem repetemus, dum liquor non ampliùs tingatur Tandem liquores omnes ad sic∣citatem evaporamus, Terramque relictam, rursus candefactam in Aquam conjicimus, uti jam di∣ctum, coquendo, decantando, & evaporando procedimus, tan∣dem Terram relictam & sicca∣tam, ad usum servamus.

Maximè Abstersivum & Sty∣pticum est, & Haemorrhagias omnes mirificè sistit: Vulneribus, Ʋlceribusque quibuscunque Corporis partibus medetur. Praeparatum autem praecipuè ad Ʋnguentum Fuscum Wurtzii.

III. Pulvis pro Ʋlceribus.

℞ Scammonii pulverisati un∣cias quatuor, Aloes pulverisatae uncias duas, Colocynthidis pul∣verisatae unciam unam; misce.

Praestantissimum est ad Ʋlce∣rum sanacionem; eorum enim ca∣lorem mitigat, humiditatem sic∣cat, malignitatem cancerosam domat, dolorem lenit. Vulnera & Ʋlcera contumacia detergit, fun∣gosam & Carnem mortuam remo∣vet, & à sordibus efficaciter

exterget, humiditates absumit, & ad cicatricem perducit.

IV. Pulvis pro Ʋlceribus Venereis.

℞ Pulveris pro Ulceribus uncias quatuor, Pulveris Prin∣cipis, vel Praecipitati albi, semi∣unciam; misce.

Ʋlceribus Venereis, malignis, vel inveteratis praecipuè usurpa∣tur: excrementa serosa ab Ʋl∣ceribus absumit, crassiora separat, & detergit. Ʋtilissimè ad Ʋlcera mala, inveterata, & quae vix integram curationem admittunt, usurpatur.

V. Pulvis Stypticus.

℞ Salis ex Capite mortuo Vitrioli extracti, Boli Armo∣niaci, Catechu, Aloes Succo∣trinae, Lanae caprinae torrefactae, Aluminis calcinati, ana uncias quatuor: misce, fiatque Pulvis.

Vires habet adstringendi & siccandi; sistitque egregiè San∣guinis profluvium in Vulneribus.

VI. Pulveres ad Hypersarcosin.

Fit ex Alumine calcinato, vel Praecipitato rubro, sen Arcano Corallino laevigato, pro re nata. Recipe Aluminis, quantum vo∣lueris, ponatur in Fictile novum, & tamdiu uratur, donec totum Alumen efferbuerit, nec ulte∣riùs spumam emittat; refri∣geratum, servetur ad usum.

Adhibentur exteriùs in Carne luxuriante absumenda, & in

Ʋlceribus malignis, tam Venereis, quam aliis.

VII. Pulvis Sternutatorius.

℞ Foliorum Nicotianae sic∣corum libram unam, Nucum moschatarum uncias tres, Corti∣cis Winterani, florum vel foliorum Rosmarini, ana uncias duas; Caryophyllorum unciam unam; subtilissimè pulverisentur seor∣sùm, deinde misce, fiatque Sternutatorium.

Valet in Capitis doloribus, & Ossis cribrosi obstructionibus; at∣que in omnibus Capitis & Cerebri affectibus, ut in Apoplexia, Epi∣lepsia, Vertigo, Lethargo, aliisque Morbis soporiferis.

VIII. Errhinae.

Multiplicia sunt; inter quae, haec tria praecipuè usurpantur: 1. Radices Asari pulverisatae: 2. ℞ Pulveris radicum Asari, Scammoni resinosi pulverisati, ana uncias duas; Nucis mo∣schatae unciam unam: misce. 3. ℞ Turpethi mineralis un∣ciam unam, foliorum Rosma∣rini sesquiunciam, pulveris Gly∣cyrrhizae uncias tres; miscean∣tur exacté, & in pollinem sub∣tilissimum redigantur. Deckers, Exercitat. pag. meâ 15.

Duorum ultimorum Pulverum minima ferè quantitas sufficit, multumque Pituitae viscidae edu∣cit; cum successu praescribuntur hi Pulveres in Apoplexia, Epilepsia, Lethargo, Capitisque affectibus soporosis omnibus; nec-non in qui∣busdam Capitis affectibus recen∣tibus, & inveteratis, Vertigine, Gravedine, &c. Viro Lethar∣gico, qui conquerebatur de Capitis dolore gravativo, & vix excitari

poterat, Deckerus ille Doctissimus, Errhinum tertium prescribat; cujus tantillo Naribus indito & inflato, excitabatur cum levi sternutatione; septimo de summo Capitis dolore gravativo, levi∣que calore conquerebatur; iterum tantillum Naribus est inflatum; tantaque Puris pauco Sanguine mixti copia secuta, non tantum ex Naribus, verum etiam Fauci∣bus; ut nisi Oculis meis (ut ille dixit) vidissem, credere me fuit impossibile, dolorque Capitis gra∣vativus imminutus, imò brevi evanuit; mixturâque sequente ad finem usurpatâ, Divino an∣nuente Numine, brevi convaluit. Mixtura. ℞ Aquae Pulegii & Betonicae, ana sesquiunciam, vel uncias duas; Aquae Prophy∣lacticae unciam unam; Tincturae Castorei drachmam unam; Spi∣ritus Salis Armoniaci semidra∣chmam; Syrupi Stoechadis dra∣chmas sex: misce. Dosis, co∣chlearium unum.

CHAP. LXXV. Of POUDERS.

I. Pouder of Mercury coagulated.

℞ CRude Quick-silver, crude Lead or Tin, a. ℥ j. melt the Lead or Tin in a Crucible, then pour it out into another Cru∣cible, and presently put upon it Quick-silver, and presently these two will become one mass: this mass put into another Crucible which is hot, but not red-fire-hot,

and it will straitway flow, then pour it forth into another cold Crucible; and this work again repeat, that the two Metals may be the better united: so will their whole substance be the better mixed, and make a harder mass; which being laid or put for some days and nights in Smiths Forge-water, will become very hard. Some tye up the Quick-silver in a thick piece of cloth, and pouring forth the melted Lead, being almost grown stiff, but yet soft, with the end of a Stick, or a Rod of iron, they make a hole in it, into which hole they put the Quick∣silver with the cloth or rag; so will the Mercury be coagulated, by the fumes of the Lead.

The use of this is manifold. First, that it may be made malleable, and so become the basis of fixed Luna: secondly, that it may be conveniently worn, as an Amulet against Plague and Poison: thirdly, that it may be reduced into a pou∣der, and so added to, or mixed with Emplasters: fourthly, that it may be strewed upon old Ulcers, whose true Panacaea is Mercury; for that it is an Al∣cali, and an absorber of Acids: fifthly, that it may serve for Mercurius diaphoreticus, and other like proper Medicines.

2. Abstersive Sulphur of Vitriol.

℞ Vitriol calcin'd lbij. make it red-hot for an hour in a Cru∣cible; break the Crucible, and take the Vitriol, and boil it for some time in Vinegar, putting into it towards the end of the boiling, some fair Water, which

which evaporate to the one half: then being removed a little from the fire, let it stand, and decant the clear liquor; to the remaining matter put more Water, boil again, till it is tinged of a red colour, which decant; affuse fresh Water again, and boil as before; which work continue so long, till no more Water will be tinged. Put all these decanted Liquors together, and evaporate to dry∣ness. The remaining matter make red-hot again, which boil in Water till it is tinged red, decant it, and affuse more Water; which work so often repeat, till the liquor will be no longed tinged. Then mix all these liquors toge∣ther, and evaporate to driness; the matter or Earth remaining, heat red-hot again, and boil in Water, as before, decanting and evaporating to driness in like manner; then take it, and keep it for use.

It is a very great Abstersive and Styptick, and wonderfully stops all sorts of Haemorrhagies or Bleedings: it cures Wounds and Ulcers, in what part of the Body soever. But it is chiefly prepared, for making Wurtz his Ʋnguentum Fuscum.

3. A Pouder for Ulcers.

℞ Scammony in pouder ℥ iv. Aloes in pouder ℥ ij. Coloquin∣tida in pouder ℥ j. mix them.

It is a powerful thing for the curing of Ulcers; for it diminishes their heat and burning, drys up their super∣fluous humidities, quells their cancerous malignity, eases their pain. It cleanses even contuma∣cious Ulcers, as also Wounds,

removes a Fungus, as also dead Flesh from them, effectually cleanses them from their sordes or filth, stops, or drys up the flux of Humors, and disposes them to a speedy healing.

4. A Pouder for Venereal Ulcers.

℞ Of the former Pouder for Ʋlcers ℥ iv. the Princes Pouder, or white Praecipitate ℥ ss. mix them.

It is chiefly used for Venereal Ulcers, as also such as are malign and inveterate: it drys up their serous or thin recrements, and separates, and cleanses them from their thicker filth. It is of mighty use for evilly disposed Ulcers, which are old, and which scarcely admit of a per∣fect cure.

5. A Styptick Pouder.

℞ Salt of Vitriol extracted from its Caput mortuum, fine Bole, Catechu, fine Aloes, Goats∣wool torrified, Alum burnt, of each ℥ iv. mix, and make a Pouder.

It is powerful in astringing and drying; and admirably stops a flux of Blood in Wounds.

6. A Pouder to eat away proud Flesh.

It is made of burnt Alum, or of red Precipitate, or Arcanum Corallinum levigated, according as the occasion may require. Take Alum, as much as you please, put it into a new earthen Pot, and burn it so long, till the whole quantity ceases bubbling or swel∣ling, or will become no longer frothy; then being cold, keep is for use.

They are of use externally, for eating away of proud Flesh;

and are good in malign Ulcers, whether Venereal, or others.

7. Snush, or Sneezing-pouder.

℞ Leaves of Tobacco dried lbj. Nutmegs ℥ iij. Winter's Cinamon, flowers or leaves of Rosemary, a. ℥ ij. Cloves ℥ j. make each into a fine pouder by themselves; then mix them, and make a Sternutatory, or Sneezing-pouder.

It is good in pains of the Head, and obstructions of the Os Ethmoides, or stoppages of the Nostrils, and in all affects of the Head and Brain, as the Apoplexy, Falling-sickness, Ver∣tigo, Lethargy, and other sleepy Diseases.

8. Nose, or rather, Head-Purgers.

They are manifold; amongst which these three are chiefly used: 1. Pouder of Asarum or Asara∣bacca-root. 2. ℞ Pouder of Asarum-roots, resinous Scammony in fine pouder, a. ℥ ij. Nutmegs in pouder ℥ j. mix them. 3. ℞ Turpeth mineral ℥ j. Rosemary-leaves ℥ j ss. pouder of Liquorice ℥ iij. reduce each into a fine pouder, and mix them well. See Deckers his Exercitations, last Edit. pag. 15.

Of the two last Pouders, a very little quantity will suffice, which will bring forth much Phlegm, and viscous. These Errhines, or Pouders, are pre∣scribed with success in the Apoplexy, Epilepsy, Lethargy, and all sleepy diseases of the Head; as also in some other distempers of the Head, whe∣ther new or old; as the Vertigo, Defluxions of Humors, &c. The

most Learned Deckers prescri∣bed the third Errhine, to a Le∣thargick, who complained of a grievous Pain of his Head, and could scarce be made to awake; a little of which being blown up into his Nostrils, he was provoked a little to sneezing; on the seventh day he com∣plained of a great heavy pain of his Head, and a little burning; again a little of the Pouder was blown up into his Nostrils; upon which there came forth so large a quan∣tity of Matter mixt with Blood, not only out of his Nostrils, but from his Jaws also, that unless (as he says) I had seen it with mine eyes, I could not have believed it; and the heavy and grievous pain of his Head grew less, yea in a short time vanished; and using the follow∣ing mixture all the while, he was in short time, by the bles∣sing of God, restored. The Mixture. ℞ Waters of Peny∣royal and of Betony, a. ℥ j ss. or ℥ ij. Prophylactick-water ℥ j. Tincture of Castor ʒ j. Spirit of Salt Armoniack ʒ ss. Syrup of Stoechas ℥ vj. mix them. Dose, one spoonful.

CHAP. LXXVI. De CERATIS.

I. Ceratum Album.

℞ CERAE albae uncias octo, Olei de Ben, vel de Amygdalis amaris uncias decem,

Spermatis Ceti purissimi uncias duas, Cerussae lotae uncias tres, Camphorae unciam unam; misce.

Cicatrices Exanthematum il∣litum, eas replet; lenit, resolvit, & Anodynum est; Cosmeticum etiam est elegans.

II. Ceratum Viride.

℞ Succi Nicotianae libras sex, Cerae novae libras quatuor, Re∣sinae libras tres, Terebinthinae Argentoratensis libras duas, Olei Olivarum quantum sufficit; mi∣sce, fiatque Ceratum molle. Vel sic: Recipe Resinae libras sex, Cerae novae libras tres, Sevi ovilli libras duas, Tere∣binthinae Argentoratensis libram unam, Olei Olivarum quantum sufficit; misce, fiatque Ce∣ratum.

Vulneribus recentibus medetur, ac ea cicatrice claudit. Quod si id Ʋlceribus repurgandis magis idoneum reddere volueris, in sin∣gulis libris Cerati adjicito Aeru∣ginis mundatae drachmas duas; sic autem valdè Ceratum viride efficeris.

III. Ceratum de Galbano.

℞ Gummi Ammoniaci, & Galbani in Aceto dissoluti, Cerae, ana libras tres; Tere∣binthinae Argentoratensis libras duas, Succi Nicotianae libram unam; misce, fiatque Ceratum.

Magnarum in emolliendo & resolvendo est virium; quia Arti∣culorum & Membrorum princi∣palium Tophos, Nodos, Scrophu∣las, Tumores duros & scirrhosos digerit, emollit, & resolvit, eorumque dolores vehementes; at∣que Pectoris, Scapularum, Mam∣marum, Hypochondriorum, Late∣rum,

Ventriculi, Hepatis, Lienis, Renum, Ʋteri, & Articulorum; ex influxu frigido, sive à crudis Humoribus, vel à Flatu crasso, aut aliâ intemperie Membrorum frigidâ excitatos, sedat. Verrucas etiam & Clavos in Pedibus, pedetentim tollit. Insuper omnes Strumas, tàm recentes quàm inveteratas, emollit, lenit, con∣coquit, digerit, incidit, atque dissolvit. Hemicraniam, loco af∣fecto applicatum, emendat; Ner∣vos & Ʋterum roborat; Con∣vulsionibus, morsibus, ac ictibus Rabidorum, Scorpionum, & Ani∣malculorum venenatis, impositum, medetur.

IV. Ceratum è Gummi Elemi.

℞ Gummi Elemi libras qua∣tuor, Thuris, Cerae, Gummi Ammoniaci, Galbani, Saga∣peni, Extracti Nicotianae, ana libras duas; Terebinthinae Ar∣gentoratensis libras tres & semis; misce, fiatque Ceratum.

Ad Vulnera penetrantia Capi∣tis, & Pectoris; & ad Ʋlcera quamplurima antiqua, & diffi∣cilis consolidationis, commendatur. Vulnera recentia ab Inflamma∣tione vindicat, divisa glutinat; & quae inflammantur, curat; Ʋl∣cera superficialia instanter sanat. Ad partium quarumcunque duri∣ties resolvendas & digerendas efficax, Scirrhos Hepatis & Lie∣nis dissipat, Strumas quoque & inveteratos Abscessus dissolvit:

Podagricis quovis tempore opitu∣latur.

V. Ceratum Nigrum.

℞ Minii, Aceti Vini, ana libram unam, Olei Olivarum libras tres; misce, ac coque, agitando sine ulla intermissione, ad nigritudinem: si tibi placet, addantur sub finem Thuris li∣bra una.

Anodynum est; propterea, prae∣missis prius universalibus, Ar∣thriticis, Podagricis, nec-non aliis doloribus, quovis tempore utilis∣simum; quia refrigerat, omnesque dolores & cruciatus mirabiliter placat; immò incandescentias & fervores Inflammationum poten∣tissimè extinguit.

VI. Ceratum Oxylaeum.

℞ Olei Olivarum libras qua∣tuor, Accti Vini, Lithargyri, ana libras duas; misce, & cum lento igne coque, agitando in∣desinenter, ad Cerati mollis consistentiam.

Emollit, Dolores sistit, Absces∣sus dissolvit, Tumores duros & calidos, & Inflammationes, di∣gerit & maturat. Insuper Po∣dagricis auxiliatur.

VII. Ceratum Refrigerans.

℞ Cerae albae libram unam, Olei Olivarum libras tres, Sac∣chari Saturm uncias octo, in Accto dissoluti; misce, ac cum lento igne coque ad consisten∣tiam. Vel sic: Liquentur Cera & Oleum in Vase duplici; refrige∣ratis, affundantur paulatim in Mortario Sacchari Saturnt So∣lutio, & Aquae frigidissimae,

quantum absorbere poterunt, percutiendo, & agitando: Aqua affunditur frigidissima, & agi∣tatione continua subigitur; & rursus nova frigidae affusio & agitatio iteratur, donec ipsam mixtura respuat.

Valet ad Phlegmonas, Erysipe∣lata, Herpetes, Carbunculos, Phy∣gethla, omnemque intemperiem calidam; Febrientibus quoque multum conducit, si Hypochondriis superponatur.

VIII. Ceratum Spermatis Ceti.

℞ Cerae albae libras quatuor, Spermatis Ceti libras duas, Galbani in Aceto dissoluti li∣bram unam, Olei de Ben quan∣tum sufficit; misce, fiatque Ceratum.

Scrophulis, Strumis, Tumori∣bus scirrhosis & duris medetur. Mammis Puerperarum, post par∣tum non lactantium, impositum, & continuè per multos-dies ge∣statum, omnibus ex Lacte dolo∣ribus & tumoribus prodest: Lac enim coagulatum sive concretum solvit, ejusque abundantiam ab∣sumit.

IX. Ceratum ad Tophos.

℞ Argenti vivi Sputo ex∣tincti, vel Succi Limonum, Pul∣veris Nicotianae, ana libram unam; Cerati de Galbano libras quatuor, Olei de Ben uncias novem; Olei Baccarum Juni∣peri uncias quinque; misce, fiatque Ceratum.

Commendatur ad Tumores duros, Tophos, & Nodos; dolores etiam Necturnos, praesertim in Morbo

Gallico subortos. Valet atque ad Strumam, aliasque Tumores hujus generis similes.

CHAP. LXXVI. OF CERE-CLOTHS.

I. The White Cere-cloth.

℞ WHITE Wax ℥ viij. Oil of Ben, or of bitter Almonds ℥ x. fine Sperma-Ceti

℥ ij. Ceruss washed ℥ iij. Camphir ℥ j. mix them.

Anointed on the marks of the Small-Pox, it causes them to fill up; it softens, resolves, and is Anodyn; it is also a delicate Cosmetick.

2. The Green Cere-cloth.

℞ Juice of Tobacco lbvj. new Wax lbiv. Rosin lbiij. Strasburgh-Turpentine lbij. Oil-olive a sufficient quantity; mix, and make a Cerate. Or thus: Take Rosin lbvj. new Wax lbiij. Sheeps-suet lbij. Strasburgh-Turpentine lbj. Oil-olive a suffi∣cient quantity; mix, and make a Cerate.

It cures green Wounds, and produces a cicatrice. But if you would rather have it for the cleansing of Ulcers, to every pound of the Cerate, you may add ʒ ij. of purified Verdigrise; but then it will be made very green.

3. The Galbanum-Cerate.

℞ Gum Ammoniack and Gal∣banum, (dissolved in Vinegar) Wax, a. lbiij. Strasburgh-Turpentine lbij. Juice of Tobacco lbj. mix, and make a Cerate.

It is of great virtue in soft∣ning and resolving; for it digests, softens, and resolves even hard and scirrhous Tu∣mors, Tophs, Nodes, and Scro∣phula's of the Joints and prin∣cipal Members, and eases their vehement pains; as also the pains of the Brest, Shoulders, Duggs, Hypochonders, Sides,

Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins, Womb, and Joints; proceeding from cold Defluxions, crude Humors, Flatulency, or other cold indispositions of the Parts. It is said to take away Warts and Corns, in a short time. But above all, it is powerful against the Kings-evil, whether new, or of long continuance; for that it softens the Tumors, gives ease, concocts, digests, incides, and dissolves them. Applied to the place pained, in the Megrim, it eases it; it strengthens the Nerves and Womb. It is good against Convulsions, and cures the bitings of mad Dogs; as also the stingings or woundings of Scorpions, and other poi∣sonous Creatures.

4. The Cerate of Gum Elemi.

℞ Gum Elemi lbiv. Frank∣incense, Gum Ammoniack, Galba∣num, Sagapenum, Wax, Extract of Tobacco, a. lbij. Strasburgh-Turpentine lbij ss. mix, and make a Cerate.

It is commended for the cure of all such Wounds as pierce either Head, or Brest; as also for very old Ulcers, and such as are difficult to heal. It pre∣serves green Wounds from Inflammations, conjoins their gaping lips; and if inflamed, removes the Inflammation, and cures them; Ulcers that are not deep, it presently heals. It is powerful in resolving and di∣gesting the hardness of any part whatsoever. It dissipates a Scir∣rhus of the Liver and Spleen, dissolves also Struma's and inve∣terate Abscesses: and is a con∣stant remedy at all times, for

such as are afflicted with the Gout.

5. The Black Cerecloth.

℞ Red-lead, Wine-vinegar, a. lbj. Oil-olive lbiij. mix, and boil (continually stirring it, without intermission) till it grows black. If you please, you may add at the end of the boiling, a pound of Frankincense.

It is Anodyn; and therefore (universals being premised) is found to be of exceeding good use against the Gout, in what place soever, and happening in what time soever; for it gently cools, and after an admirable manner eases all manner of pains and torments; and with∣all, it powerfully allays, and extinguishes the great heat and vehemency of Inflammations.

6. The Soft Cerecloth.

℞ Oil-olive lbiv. Wine-vinegar, Litharge, a. lbij. mix, and boil over a gentle fire, (continually stirring it, even without ceasing) till it comes to the consistency of a soft Cerecloth.

It softens, eases Pain, dissolves Abscesses, as also hot and hard Tumors, digests and ripens Phle∣gmons or Inflammations; and is specifically good against the Gout.

7. The Cooling Cerecloth.

℞ White Wax lbj. Oil-olive lbiij. Saccharum Saturni (dis∣solved in Vinegar) ℥ viij. mix, and with a gentle fire boil to a consistency. Or thus: Melt the Wax and Oil in a double Vessel; which being cooled, add thereto by little and little, in a Mortar, the Solution of the Saccharum Saturni, and cold

Water, so much as it will drink up, continually stirring and beating them together. The Water must be put upon it cold, and it will be mixed by a continual stirring or beating together; then more cold Water is again to be put in, and in like manner beaten together, even so long, till it will receive no more.

It is good against Phlegmons, or Inflammations, Erysipela's, Herpes, Carbuncles, Inflamma∣tions or Tumors of the Glan∣dules, and every intemperature proceeding from heat. And if it is applied to the Hypochon∣ders, it is very good for such as are Feverish, or apt to be trou∣bled with Fevers.

8. A Cerecloth of Sperma Ceti.

℞ White Wax lbiv. Sperma Ceti lbij. Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar lbj. Oil of Ben, a sufficient quantity; mix, and make a Cerecloth.

It cures Scrophula's, Struma's, and hard and scirrhous Tumors. It is also good to apply to Womens Breasts after delivery, who give not Milk; it eases the pain occasioned by the Milk, and abates the tumor or swelling: for it dissolves the coagulated or concreted Milk, and hinders its increase.

9. A Cerecloth against hard Bunchings-out.

℞ Quick-silver killed with Spittle or Juice of Limons, Pou∣der of Tobacco, a. lbj. Cerat of Galbanum lbiv. Oil of Ben ℥ ix. Oil of Juniper-berries ℥ v. mix, and make a Cerat.

It is commended for the cure of hard Tumors, Tophs, and Nodes; and easing Nocturnal

pains, chiefly such as proceeded from, or are caused by the French Disease. It is also good against the Kings-evil, and other like Swellings of that kind.

CHAP. LXXVII. De EMPLASTRIS.

I. Emplastrum Album.

℞ OLEI Olivarum libras quatuor; Sevi ovilli, Cerussae lotae, & Lithargyri Auri laevigati, ana libras duas; Vi∣trioli albi usti uncias quinque; toque igne lento, assidue Spa∣tulà ligneà movendo: mixturae Sevi, Olei, Cerussae, & Lithar∣gyri, sic coctione & agitatione incrassatae, & igni substractae, Vitriolum pulveratum injiciunt & subigunt: sicque massam ha∣bent consistentia laudabilem, ex qua Magdaleones formant.

Valet ad Vulnera cruenta, Ʋlcera quoque dysepulota & in∣veterata, atque ad partes divul∣sas, & ecchymomata. Materiam flatulentam discutit, partimque Sarcoticum est, partim Epuloti∣cum; id est, vim habet novam Carnem generandi, Vulnera glu∣tinandi, & Ʋlcera exsiccandi, & ad cicatricem ducendi: Flu∣xiones quoque sisiit, & Partes, quibus adhibetur, roborat. Tu∣moribus Pestilentibus, & exituris Bubonibus, Ambustis, Articulo∣rum Morhis, Oedematibus, Os∣sium fracburis, & Contusionibus prodest.

II. Diachylon Simplex.

℞ Mucilaginum radicum Althaeae, Caricarum; seminum Lini & Foenugraeci, ana uncias novem; Lithargyri Auri laevi∣gati, vel Cerussae lotae, sesqui∣libram; Olei Olivarum libras tres: misce, & lento igne fiat Emplastrum, consistentia legiti∣mum. Signum Emplastri perfectè cocti habetur, cum ipsius portio Marmori adhibita non adhaeret, aut Digitos, dum contrectatur, non inquinat. Mucilago. Re∣cipe radicum Althaeae mundata∣rum, & minutim incisarum; Caricarum, seminum Lini & Foenugraeci, ana uncias quinde∣cim; Aquae fontanae libras quin∣decim: misce, digere per ho∣ras viginti quatuor, & lento igne coque ad Mucilaginis con∣sistentiam crassae, tum fortiter exprime ad usum.

Emplastrum hoc Malacticum optimum est; Hepatis enim, Lie∣nis, Ventriculi, & tumores alia∣rum partium duros emollit, Hu∣moresque coquit, incidit, & resolvit. Enumeratur inter Emol∣lientia & Suppurantia, ejusque usus est frequens.

III. Diachylon cum Gummis.

℞ Gummi Ammoniaci, Bdel∣lii, Galbani, Opopanacis, Saga∣peni, Tacamahaccae, ana uncias tres; Vini albi quantum sufficit: Vino dissolvantur, colentur, & coquantur ad Mellis crassi∣tudinem; quibus addantur Dia∣chyli simplicis librae tres: misce, fiatque Emplastrum.

Eadem praestat hoc Emplastrum, quod superiùs, sed efficaciûs: magis enim duritiem quamlibet mollit, coquit, digerit, ac potenter

resolvit: partim emollit, partim coquit, ac maturat: ob id Tumo∣ribus praeter naturam duris, utroque dicto modo sanandis con∣fert.

IV. Emplastrum Epispasticum.

℞ Emplastri Meliloti libras duas, Terebinthinae Venetiae li∣bram unam; Cantharidum fine alis & capitibus pulveratarum uncias octodecim: misce, fiat∣que Emplastrum.

Humores qui à Capite ad Ocu∣los, Dentes, & Genus descendunt, potenter revellit: in Bubonibus & Carbonibus pestilentialibus, Ve∣nenum à Corde ad exteriora revocat. In Morbis diuturnis, nullis Remediis aliis cedentibus, potissimum sibi locum vendicat.

V. Emplastrum Febrifugum.

℞ Thuris pinguis libras duas, Terebinthinae uncias quatuor, Olei Olivarum, Camphorae, Cin∣nabaris, ana uncias duas: misce, fiatque Emplastrum.

Virium magnarum, & multae experientiae fuit hoc Emplastrum, ad Febres intermittentes curan∣dos, si ad Stomachi regionem applicatur. Confert ad Vomitum; ac iis, qui Cibum retinere nequeant, prodest.

VI. Emplastrum de Meliloto.

℞ Resinae libras octo, Cerae libras quatuor, Sevi ovilli libras duas, Meliloti viridis libras quinque: misce, coque blando igne, & cola.

Ad Vulterae & Ʋlcera repur∣ganda & coalescenda, & ad paries, quibus adhibetur roboran∣dos, prides. Ad Vulners quo∣que

contusa, & partis carnosae Ecchymomata valet.

VII. Emplastrum de Minio cum Sapone.

℞ Cerati nigri libras tres, Saponis Castallensis incisi uncias octo: misce, fiatque Empla∣strum.

Arthritidi, & Morbis Junctu∣rarum medetur: ad Strumas etiam recentes, frigidos ac diu∣turnos Abscessus, Viscerumque Tumores, perutile. Surculos & Spicula Corpori altum infixa, & omnia Venenata extrahit. Splenis duritiem emendat, Articulorum ac Genuum, ex Humorum influxu dolores sedat. Ad Mammarum Col∣lectiones, & Tumores duros & scirrhosos valet. Morsibus etiam venenatis, aut rabidorum Canum, impositum, medetur. Ʋlceribus calidis prodest, ac iis quos acres & salsi Humores infestant.

VIII. Emplastrum Mercuriale.

℞ Diachyli simplicis, vel cum Gummis libras sex; Argenti vivi (cum Sputo, vel Succo Limonum, vel Terebinthinae Argentoratensis extincti) libram unam; misce. Vel sic: Recipe Diachyli simplicis, vel cum Gummis, libras sex; Praecipi∣tati rubri uncias quindecim; misce. Aliter. Recipe Cerati de Galbano libras quinque & semis, Olei Olivarum uncias sex; misce: tum addantur pulvetis Mercurii coagulati uncrae sede∣cim; misce. Aliter iterum. Recipe Cerati viridis libras sex, Argenti vivi (Sputo, vel S••cco Limonum extincti) libram unam, pulveris Nicotianae uncias sex, Olei Bac∣carum Juniperi quantum sufficit, misce. Vel sic: Recipe Cerae

libras quatuor, Olei Olivarum libras duas; misce, deinde ad∣dantur Cinnabaris factivae librae duae; seu Cinnabaris factivae, Praecipitati rubri, ana libra una; fiatque Emplastrum. Sic iterum. Recipe Cerati viridis libras sex, Argenti vivi (cum floribus Sul∣phuris extincti) libram unam, Olei Petrolaei quantum sufficit; misce, fiat{que} Emplastrum. Vel sic: Recipe Argenti vivi uncias qua∣tuor, solvatur in Aquae fortis, seu Spirtûs Nitri quantum suffiçit: Solutioni adde Mixtu∣ram (ex Oleo Olivarum & Sevi Ovilli, ana unciis quatuor factam) & in Vase terreo, Pa∣tella nimirùm, lenissimo igne coquantur, ad Emplastri con∣sistentiam; ne nigrescat, inde∣sinenter Spatulâ ligneâ agi∣tando: cui adde Cerae flavae uncias tres; Thuris pinguis, Olibani vel Mastichis pulveris, ana unciam unam. Sic habes Emplastrum nobile & praestans, quod omnia Ʋlcera Gallica per∣sanat, & crustas, sine doloris sensu, quocunque etiam loco secreto haereant, veluti miraculosè absu∣mit.

In Tumoribus, Tophis, & Nodis Gallicis faelici successu usurpatur. Itemque Doloribus Nocturnis, à Morbo Gallico procedentibus, me∣detur. Valet egregie in dissi∣pandis doloribus Artuum, Homo∣platarum, Coxendicumque, à Lue inve••erata obortis, partibus robur •…•…ciliat, virulen••ia•• Luis sub Madoris specie extrahit, & dolo∣res i••nplacabiles consopis.

IX. Emplastrum Nicotianae, vel Polychrestum.

℞ Nicotianae recentis & con∣tusae libras quinque, Sevi ovilli libras duas; coque per duas horas vel tres, lento igne, & exprime: cui addantur Cerae, Resinae, Picis navalis, Thuris, Terebinthinae Venetae, ana unciae quindecim; misce, fiatque Em∣plastrum.

Vlcera quaecunque & Vulnera, recentia & inveterata, mundifi∣cat, Carne replet, & curat. Dolores Arthritidis nimios sedat, atque Apostemata ad maturitatis statum perducit.

X. Emplastrum ad Strumam.

℞ Gummi Ammoniaci, Aceti Scillitici, ana libram unam; succi Cicutae libram semis; misce, dissolve, & cola: coqua∣tur ad debitam consistentiam; deinde addantur Gummi Elemi unciae tres, Praecipitati rubri unciae quatuor: misce, fiatque Emplastrum.

Ad Strumas vel Scrophulas, Abscessus, vel Apostemata, Ʋl∣ceraque vetera, quae cicatricem non facilè admittunt, prodest. Flu∣xiones quacunque Corporis parte irruentes intercipit, & ad locum affectum devolvi vetat.

XI. Emplastrum Vulnerarium.

℞ Balsami Sulphuris (Oleo Olivarum facti) libras quatuor, in quo dissolvantur Sevi ovilli librae duae; Resinae, Cerae, Thu∣ris, Gummi Elemi, Terebinthinae Venetae, ana libra una; Balsami Copaybae, Peru, & Tolu, ana unciae sex; Pulverum Mastiches, Myrrhae, Olibani, Camphorae; ana unciae quatuor; misce, fiat∣que Emplastrum.

Vulnera recentia, & Ictus ce∣leriter consolidat, Symptomata & Fluxiones supervenire solitas praecavet; Ferrum, Lignum, Plum∣bum, aliaque profundius membris infixa, sine dolore extrahit. Vires hujus Emplastri perinsignes sunt; antiqua Ʋlcera siccat, & mun∣dificat, Carnem bonam producit, & cicatrice claudit; atque Fi∣stulas, quae nondum callum con∣traxerint, jungit, & conglu∣tinat.

XII. Emplastrum Arthriticum.

℞ Diachyli cum Gummis, seu Cerati Viridis, vel de Galbano libras duas; Saponis Castallensis, Opii cum Aqua vel Aceto extracti, ana uncias sex; Argenti vivi sputo vel succo Limonum extincti libram unam; misce, fiatque Emplastrum.

Doloribus Arthriticis & Ve∣nereis medetur; Tophos, Nodos, Scrophulas, Tumoresque duros di∣gerit, emollit, resolvit, eorumque dolores sedat. Ʋlcera callosa & maligna, imò pessima, curat; omnibusque Mammarum Tumori∣bus, Lacte concreto, Oedemate, & Cancro, nihil est aequale.

CHAP. LXXVII. Of EMPLASTERS.

I. The White Emplaster.

℞ OIL-Olive lbiv. Sheeps-suet, Ceruss washed, Li∣tharge of Gold levigated, a. lbij. white Vitriol burnt ℥ v. boil it with a gentle fire, continually stir∣ring it with a wooden Spatula: to the mixture of the Oil, Suet, Ceruss, and Litharge, made thick by boiling and stirring, being removed from the fire, the Vitriol in pouder is to be added, and well mixed: so will you have a mass of a due consistency, which make into Rouls.

It is good for green Wounds, as also for great, evil-disposed, and inveterate Ulcers, and Parts broken and bruised. It discusses flatulent matter, and is partly a Sarcotick or Flesh-breeder, and partly an Epulotick, or Cicatri∣zer; that is, it has the power or virtue of generating new Flesh, of closing up Wounds, of drying up Ulcers, and skinning them. It stops Fluxes of Humors, and strengthens the Parts it is ap∣plied to. It is also good for Pe∣stilential Tumors and Apostems, Bubo's, Burnings, Diseases of the Joints, Oedema's, broken Bones, and Contusions.

2. Simple Diachylon.

℞ Of the Mucilages of Althea∣roots, of dried Figs, Lin-seed, Fenugreek-seed, a. ℥ ix. Lith∣arge of Gold levigated, or Ceruss washed, lbj ss. Oil-olive lbiij. mix, and with a gentle fire, make an Emplaster of a due consistency. The sign of the Emplaster being perfectly boiled, is, that a little of it being dropt upon a Marble, it does not stick to it, or when wrought with the Fingers, it does not bedaub them. The Mucilage. Take cleansed roots of Althea cut small, dry Figs, Lin-seed and Fenugreek-seed, a. ℥ xv. fair Water lbxv. mix, digest for twenty-four hours, and boil with a gentle fire to the consistency of a thick Mucilage, which strain out by pressing, for use.

This Emplaster is the best Mollifier that is; for it softens the hardnesses and tumors of Liver, Spleen, Stomach, and other parts, concocts Humors, incides, and resolves. It is of very frequent use, and is ac∣counted among the number of Emollients and Suppuratives.

3. Diachylon with Gums.

℞ Gum Ammoniack, Bdel∣lium, Galbanum, Opoponax, Saga∣penum, and Tacamahacca, a. ℥ iij. white Wine a sufficient quantity; dissolve the Gums in the Wine, strain, and boil to the thickness of Honey: to which add of simple Diachylon lbiij. mix, and make an Emplaster.

This has the same virtues with the former Emplaster, but much more effectual: for it more powerfully softens, concocts,

digests, and resolves: it partly mollifies, partly concocts and maturates: for which reason, after both ways it is said to cure hard preternatural Tumors.

4. The Blistering-Plaster.

℞ Melilot-Plaster lbij. Ve∣nice-Turpentine lbj. pouder of Cantharides (their wings and heads being cast away) ℥ xviij. mix, and make an Emplaster.

It powerfully revells, or de∣rives Humors, which fall from the Head to the Eyes, Teeth, and Knees. It recalls the Poi∣son and malignity of Pestilen∣tial Bubo's & Carbuncles, from the Heart to the external parts. And it has a principal place in the helping of those Diseases which have been of long con∣tinuance, and yield to no other Remedies.

5. The Fever-frighter.

℞ Fat Frankincense lbij. Turpentine ℥ iv. Oil-olive, Cam∣phir, Cinnabar, a. ℥ ij. mix, and make an Emplaster.

This Emplaster is of great virtue, and has been much ex∣perimented, for the curing of Agues, being applied to the Pit of the Stomach. It is good against Vomitings, and helps such as are not able to re∣tain their Food in their Sto∣machs.

6. Emplaster of Melilot.

℞ Rosin lbviij. Wax lbiv. Sheeps-suet lbij. green Melilot lbv. mix, boil with a gentle fire, and strain out.

It is good for the cleansing and healing of Wounds and Ul∣cers, and is good to strengthen the parts it is applied to. It heals

contused Wounds, and Bruisings of the fleshy parts.

7. Emplaster of Red-lead with Soap.

℞ Of the Black Cerate lbiij. Castil-Soap sliced thin ℥ viij. mix, and make an Emplaster.

It cures the Gout, and Dis∣eases of the Joints: it is pro∣fitable also for a recent Kings-Evil, cold, and long-continued Apostems, and Tumors of the Bowels. It draws forth Splinters and Thorns, tho' fixed deep in the Flesh, and extracts all sorts of Venom. It helps the hard∣ness of the Spleen, and eases the pains of the Knees and Joints, from an influx of Humors. It is good against Gatherings, and hard and scirrhous Tumors of the Breasts. Being oft applied, it cures the bitings of mad Dogs, or of other Venemous Beasts. It is good for hot and burning Ulcers, and such as are infested with salt and sharp Humors.

8. The Mercurial Emplaster.

℞ Diachylon simple, or with Gums, lbvj. Quick-silver (kill'd either with spittle or juice of Limons, or Strasburgh-Turpentine) lbj. mix them. Or thus: Take Diachylon simple, or with Gums lbvj. red Precipitate ℥ xv. mix them. Other∣wise. Take Cerate of Galbanum lbv ss. Oil-olive ℥ vj. mix them; then add pouder of Mer∣cury coagulate ℥ xvj. mix again. Otherwise. Take of the Green Cerate lbvj. Quick-silver (kill'd with Spirtle, or Juice of Limons) lbj. pouder of Tobacco ℥ vj. Oil of Juniper-berries, a sufficient quantity; mix them. Or thus: Take Wax lbiv. Oil-olive lbij.

mix, and add factitious Cinnabar lbij. or factitious Cinnabar, red Precipitate, a. lbj. and make an Emplaster. Or thus again. Take of the Green Cerate lbvj. Quick-silver (kill'd with flowers of Sulphur) lbj. Oil of Petre, a sufficient quantity; mix, and make an Emplaster. Otherwise thus: Take Quick-silver ℥ iv. dissolve it in Aqua fortis or Spi∣rit of Nitre, a sufficient quantity: to the Solution add a Mixture made of Oil-olive and Sheeps-suet, a. ℥ iv. put them into an earthen glaz'd Vessel or Pan, boiling them together with a very gentle fire, to the consistence of an Emplaster; but that it may not grow black, let it be stirred continually with a wooden Spatula: then add yellow Wax ℥ iij. Mastich and Olibanum in pouder, a. ℥ j. which mix well. So have you a noble and effi∣cacious Emplaster, which per∣fectly cures all Ulcers proceeding from the French Pox; and re∣moves Scabs and Breakings-out, in whatsoever secret place they may be, even to a wonder.

It is used with great success in Venereal Tumors, Tophs, and Nodes; and cures also Noctur∣nal Pains from the same cause. It is powerful in dissipating pains of the Joints, Shoulder∣blades, and Hips, arising from an inveterate Lues, confirms the strength of the parts, and draws forth the malignity of the Pox in the form of Sweat, and lays as it were asleep the most vehement pains.

9. Emplaster of Tobacco, or Plaster of many Virtues.

℞ Tobacco, green, and bruised lbv. Sheeps-suet lbij. boil for two or three hours with a very gentle fire, and press out: to which add, Wax, Rosin, Ship-pitch, Frankincense, Venice-Turpentine, a. ℥ xv. mix, and make an Emplaster.

It cleanses all sorts of Ulcers and Wounds, whether new or old, fills them with Flesh, and heals them; it eases vehement pains of the Gout, and ripens Apostems.

10. Emplaster against the Kings-evil.

℞ Gum Ammoniack, Vinegar of Squills, a. lbj. juice of Hem∣lock lbss. dissolve, and strain, and boil to a due consistency; then add Gum Elemi ℥ iij. red Precipitate ℥ iv. mix, and make an Emplaster.

It is good against the Kings∣evil, Apostems, and old Ulcers, which are difficult to heal; stops Fluxes of Rheum, falling upon what part of the Body so∣ever; and hinders their afflux to the part affected.

11. The Wound-Plaster.

℞ Balsam of Sulphur (made with Oil-olive) lbiv. in which dissolve Sheeps-suet lbij. Rosin, Wax, Frankincense, Gum Elemi, Venice-Turpentine, a. lbj. Bal∣sams of Capivi, Peru, and Tolu, a. ℥ vj. Pouders of Mastich, of Myrrh, of Olibanum and Camphir, a. ℥ iv. mix, and make an Em∣plaster.

It speedily heals green Wounds, and the Bitings or Stinging of Beasts, or Venemous Creatures; hinders the Sym∣ptoms, and prevents the usual Fluxes of Humors; draws forth pieces of Iron, splinters of Wood, and other things which are lodged deep in the Flesh, and that without pain. The vir∣tues of this Emplaster are very admirable; for it drys up old Ulcers, and cleanses them, fills them with good Flesh, and heals them; and Fistula's which have not yet contracted a callus, it joins their sides together, and conglutinates them.

12. The Gout-Emplaster.

℞ Diachylon cum Gummis, or the Green Cerate, or that of Galbanum lbij. Castile-Soap, Opium (extracted with Water or Vinegar) a. ℥ vj. Quick-silver (kill'd with spittle or juice of Limons) lbj. mix, and make an Emplaster.

It cures the Gout, also Ve∣nereal pains; digests, softens, and resolves Tophs, Nodes, Scro∣phula's, and hard Tumors, taking away their pain. It cures callous and malign Ulcers, even the most rebellious; and for all sorts of Tumors in Womens Breasts, Curdled Milk, Oedema, and the Cancer it self, this Plaster has yet no equal.