Ars chirurgica a compendium of the theory and practice of chirurgery in seven books ... shewing the names, causes, signs, differences, prognosticks, and various intentions of curing all kinds of chirurgick diseases ... : to which is added Pharmacopoeia chirurgica, or, The medical store, Latin and English ... / by William Salmon ...

I. Of the INSTRUMENTS.

CHAP. I. Of Chirurgery in General.

I. THIS Art is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, operatio quae fit manibus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Ars Chirurgica, Ars quae manibus exercetur, seu quae ma∣nus opera indiget: in Latin, Chi∣rurgia: in English, Chirurgery and Surgery: and the Artist is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, qui manu opus facit: Chirurgus, a Chirurgian, or Sur∣geon.

II. Chirurgery therefore is an Art, which teaches the way of re∣moving and curing Diseases of the Body, by the Assistance of the Hands.

III. 'Tis true, says Barbet, that External Accidents require not only the help of the Hands, but also Internal means, therefore it is no wonder for a part of Physick to require the whole; so that it was that great Man's Opinion, That a Chirurgian ought to under∣stand so much of Physick, as to know how to give internal Re∣medies upon any occasion which falls in his way, otherwise, in my Opinion, he cannot be said to understand his Art, or be thought fit to Practise the same.

IV. Chirurgery being a Part which depends upon the Body of Physick, the internal Medicines we impart to you not as Chirurgians, But as Physicians. So that it is necessary for a Chirurgian to understand the Medical part of Curing, and to be withal a Phy∣sician; and that this is true, is as apparent as that the Sun is up at Noon-day; for produce me any Book of Chirurgery, or Work teaching that Art, which does not instruct its Pupils in giving Internal Remedies in all

such Cases where they are re∣quired, and I will immediately give up the Cause.

V. 'Tis certain, that a Chirur∣gian is a Man having a Rational Soul, and Reasonable Ʋnderstand∣ing, as well as any He, who pre∣tends to be a Doctor of Physick, and if so, I see no reason why he with Labour, Pains, Read∣ing, and Industry, may not at∣tain the Medical part of the Art as well as another: and to re∣verse the Tables, I affirm 'tis possible for a good Chirurgian to be Master of the whole Art of Physick, (and I think, 'tis his proper Province only) where∣as a Doctor, simply considered, can pretend to nothing more but one part of the Art; which part also he can never perfectly un∣derstand, without a substantial knowledge of Chirurgick Opera∣tions; so that a Doctor (sim∣ply a Doctor in Physick) is at best but a piece of a Physician, whereas an able and truly Learn∣ed Chirurgian, such as Senner∣tus, Paul Barbet, Fabritius Hil∣danus, &c. are the only com∣pleat Physicians, whatever the REVELATION-MEN may say to the contrary, let them talk till Dooms-day.

VI. Chirurgery consists of two parts, 1. That which respects the OPERATION. 2. That which respects the DISEASE.

VII. As to the Operation, it is considered with relation to the In∣struments performing, and Medi∣caments to be applied; or to the Action it self. The Instruments are, 1. Small, which are most∣ly proper for the Pocket. 2. Large, fit only for the Reposito∣ry; of all which in their order.

VIII. The Medicaments to be applied are those selected ones con∣tained in the Pharmacopoeia Chi∣rurgica, here following, which are to be fitted and proportioned to the Arca Chirurgica, or Chirurgians Chest; this we have done Eng∣lish and Latin for the sake of Strangers.

IX. The Operations of Chirur∣gery, singly considered, as to the Action it self is sixfold, viz. 1. Synthesis. 2. Diaeresis. 3. Exaeresis. 4. Aphaeresis. 5. Di∣arthrosis. 6. Prosthesis. To which six we have added as an Appendix, 7. The Order and Method of making Reports. 8. The way of Embalming.

X. Synthesis teaches how to unite Parts which are disjoined: Diaeresis teaches the separation of what was united together: Exae∣resis teaches the removing of things hurtful: Aphaeresis teaches the removing of things superfluous: Diarthrosis teaches the Reduction of Parts disordered by ill conforma∣tion: Prosthesis teaches how to supply Parts which are wanting. The making of Reports, is the Relation made before a Magi∣strate upon the view of a wound∣ed Person. Embalming is the Preserving of dead Bodies.

XI. The Operations of Chirur∣gery simply considered, we have made to be six; whereas some other Au∣thors make them but five, making Exaeresis and Aphaeresis but one part, and comprehending both under the former Title.

XII. The second part of Chirur∣gery, which has respect to Diseases,

is also sixfold, viz. 1. Defedation. 2. Tumors. 3. Wounds. 4. Ʋl∣cers. 5. Fractures. 6. Disloca∣tions; of all which we shall (God willing) treat in order. Wherein we shew the Medicinal Part, of giving proper internal Reme∣dies, which every Chirurgian ought to know, maugre the snarling and Usurpation of the REVELATI∣ON-MEN, who, in truth, know nothing at all of the Matter.

XIII. It is true, that some Authors make but five Divisions of this part of the Art, bringing Defedation or Defilement, under some of the other Titles; but as that is a force upon the Method, so we thought good to separate all things of that nature, and put them in a Title apart, which as they offer themselves first to consideration, and are the easi∣est part of the Art, we have put them in the first place.

CHAP. II. Of the Small Instruments.

I. THE Incision Knife is used to cut the Skin or Flesh, where need is; to pare away the putrid part of a gangrenous Member; in making Issues; o∣pening Apostems; in Scarifica∣tions and Cupping. Tab. 6. Let. F.

II. The Scissers are to cut Cloth for Rowlers, Lint and Emplasters: to clip off proud Flesh, or putrid loose Skin, ends of Sinews, &c. See Tab. 5. Let. R.

III. The Spatula is used to spread Emplasters, mingle Un∣guents on the palm of your Hand, or otherwise, cover the Pledgets, and to stir and min∣gle Ointments and Emplasters in the Composition. Tab. 5. Let. E.

IV. The small Probes are with one end to sound the depth of a Wound or Ulcer: with the o∣ther end (by arming the Eye thereof with Lint) to wipe or dry a Sore or Ulcer: Or by dip∣ping it in some Oil or Liquor, to convey it to the bottom of the Ulcer or Fistula, thereby to mundifie, corrode, or heal it, according as need requires. Tab. 5. Let. N. O.

V. The Ʋvula Spoon serveth to put Pouder or the like to the palate of the Mouth, (if it be sore, raw, or inflamed) blow∣ing the Pouder into the Cavity behind it, through the hollow Pipe: as also to melt Unguents, to dip Tents in: and to pour scalding Oil or Liquor into a Wound. Tab. 6. Let. Q.

VI. The Levatory is an Instru∣ment to raise up a depressed Skull, (but be not too rash on hasty in using of it, for if no

evil Symptoms appear, the de∣pressed Skull may rise, and scale of it self:) it serves also to take off the scale of a Bone after Amputation. Tab. 5. Let. LL. Tab. 6. Let. M. N.

VII. The Director is to guide and direct the Incision Knife in dilating or enlarging of a Wound, when you are near any Vessels, it is also used in Cut∣ting for the Stone. Tab. 4. D.

VIII. The Forceps are used to take off Emplasters, Pledgets, and Tents, the Spil of a Bone, to hold up the Flesh or Skin, the better to cut it with the Scissers or Incision Knife; to take out any thing which lyes in the Ears, Nostrils, Mouth or Throat, or a Bullet lying with∣in reach. Tab. 6. Let. G. H. I.

IX. The Speculum Linguae; the one end thereof is to hold the Tongue down, when you inject any Liquor into the Throat or Mouth, or apply any Medicine thereto; or when you would make any Inspection into the Mouth or Throat, as in Quin∣sies, Cankers, &c. The other end thereof is to scrape the Tongue, if it is furred in Fe∣vers, &c. Tab. 5. E.

X. The Fleame is used to o∣pen the Gums, and to separate them from the Tooth which you mean to pull out, compassing the Tooth with the round sharp end thereof, close to the Tooth; and piercing deeper by little and little, until you feel it as low as the Jaw-bone.

XI. The Rasour is used in shaving the Crown of the Head; and cutting Hair off of other places, where you intend to lay a Plaster, that so it might not hurt in pulling off. Tab. 5. F. G.

XII. The Stitching Quill is that which holds the Needles; the Needles must be ready armed with green or red Silk oiled, to sew up the Lips of Wounds, to fasten Rowlers, and other things which need sewing. Tab. 5. C.

XIII. The Case of Lancets must always be in a readiness, clean, well set, not too square poin∣ted, nor too thin, for then they will not make a good Orifice; their use is to let Blood withal.

XIV. The Salvatory is to keep Ointments in; and ought always to be furnished with these following, 1. Basilicon. 2. Apostolorum. 3. Aureum. 4. Album. 5. Dialthaea. 6. Li∣nimentum Arcaei. If you de∣sign eight places in your Salva∣tory, you may supply the two last with de Minio and Diapom∣pholigos.

XV. The Plaster Box consists of two principal parts. The first and largest place is to hold the afore-mentioned Instru∣ments; which is the upper part of the Box: The lower and lesser part is to hold Emplasters ready spread, with Lint and such like. The Emplasters most usual here are, Diacalciteos, Sti∣cticum Paracelsi, de Gummi E∣lemi, de Lapide Calaminari, Oxy∣croceum, de Meliloto simplex, de Mastiche, Catagmaticum.

XVI. The Incision-Knife is com∣monly put in the Case of Laun∣cets; so also the Rasour, or in a Case by it self.

CHAP. III. Of the Larger Instruments for the Closet and Chest.

I. THE Dismembring Knife, has an use according to the Title, viz. in Amputation, or to take off any Member or part of Mans Body, so far as re∣spects the fleshy or soft parts, even to the Bone. One may serve for the Chest, provided it be sharp, well ground, of good Metal, and not too thin edged Tab. 8. F.

II. The Trepan is of use for Fractures of the Skull, where there is Contusion, and a de∣pression of both the Tables. §1. Be sure the Instrument be good, and without faults, and clean from Rust. §2. The place where the blow was given is not always to be chosen to set the Trepan upon, sometimes the Fracture is found at a good di∣stance off, and therefore you must consider the complaint of the Patient, with respect to the feeling of your Fingers. §3. When the place is found, the Hair is to be shaved off a∣bout the breadth of four Fin∣gers round. §4. This done, have in a readiness all fit Medi∣cines and Instruments to apply to, and bind up the Wound a∣gain, as Spunges, Ligatures, Hot-water, &c. and if a Flux of Blood hinder not, foment with Posca, or Wine and Ho∣ney. §5. It will do also well to have a Restrictive ready made with Bole, Water, Vinegar and an Egg; or the Pulvis Astrin∣gens, as also Oleum & Mel Rosa∣rum, Linimentum Arcaei. §6. The Germans seldom or never use this Instrument: nor is it to be used too hastily; for we dai∣ly see many dangerous Fractures healed without it; there is not one in ten that justly requires it. §7. Therefore by reason of the danger, the young Artist may first make Experience upon a Calves or Sheeps Head, till he can well and easily take out a piece of the Bone. See the fur∣ther use hereafter. The Instru∣ment, see Tab. 1. Let. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. M. The Male Trepan E. F. The Female G. H. I. M. the point of the Male. A. B. the head of the Trepan.

III. The Trafine is an Instru∣ment only of Iron; the use thereof is necessary in pricking of the Skull, that does not pe∣netrate both the Tables, that with them the print made upon the Skull may be taken away. See Tab. 1. Let. K. L. Tab. 7. Lev. K. which is the Instrument it self. One of the Shanks may be Triangular, and then it may be used for the small Trepan.

IV. The Levatory large. It is an Instrument used in the de∣pression of the Skull: this raises

with more force than that little one before described for the Pla∣ster Box; because it hath firm∣ness, not only in the Hand of him that raiseth it, but also in its Head. See Tab. 5. L. L. Some make the Levatory with three parts, having three spears or points to thrust forwards.

V. The Head Saw. It is an Instrument with which a vent may sometimes be given thro' the Cranium, whereby the use of the Trepan is sometimes hap∣pily forborn. Sometimes a small ragged piece of the Skull may so hang, that this Instru∣ment may be used to saw it a∣way. But the young Artist ought not to be too busie in sawing, plucking away, or raising the tractured Bone, more than meer Necessity urges to, lest dread∣ful Accidents (not to be reme∣died) follow: If the Bone be nearly loose, or in sight, take it away, if not, forbear to pluck much at first; for Nature is ex∣ceeding helpful in ejecting un∣natural things in that part. See Tab. 5. H. I. Tab. 7. A. B.

VI. The small Head Saw. It is that with which some Men cut away the distances between the holes made in the Skull with the Trepan, as also rifts like Hairs that do not penetrate, and scrape away the rottenness of the Cranium. Tab. 3. L.

VII. The Dismembring Saw. It is a great and terrible Instru∣ment, ordained only for Am∣putation, or dismembring: It ought always to be ready and clean kept, with two Blades thereunto, though one good Blade well used, may serve the Artist his whole Life. Tab. 8. E. E.

VIII. The Lenticular. It is an Instrument which Levigates the Brims of the Hole made, lest pricking the Membranes, they might cause Pain and In∣flammation. See Tab. 7. I.

IX. The Rasour-Knife, or Pen-knife. It is used as an Incision-knife, and when there is no fear of the parts underneath, name∣ly in dividing the Scalp of the Head as far as the Skull, and in opening Nodes of the French Pox, especially upon the Shin-bones and elsewhere, and in dividing the Caruncles of the Matrix. See Tab. 2. O.

X. The Membrane Preserver. It is a Silver Plate (for it must never be made of Iron, because of the Inbred cold thereof, which is hurtful both to the Du∣ra and Pia mater, which cover the Brain) made firm, some∣what crooked and smooth on the outside, used in great depressi∣ons of the Skull three or four times with the Trepan, and to cut forth the spaces between the holes: for then the Plate is let down between the Skull and Du∣ra mater, that the outward part of it may be nearest the Brain, lest by the sharpness of Pincers and Saws, the Membranes of the Brain should either be pricked or cut unawares. Celsus calls it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Meningophylax. See Tab. 5. K.

XI. The Dismembring Pincers. They are intended for the im∣mediate separation of Fingers and Toes. See Tab. 3. Let. G.

They are now much out of use, because they often introduce ill Accidents, a fine little Saw be∣ing introduced in their place.

XII. Dismembring Chizel. Their use is the same with the former, and much more commendable: but a fine Saw as aforesaid, is used in place of them both, be∣ing much more safe. See Tab. 3. I. Tab. 8. D. G. H.

XIII. The Mallet or Hammer. It is commonly made of Wood, some have them made of Lead, and some of Iron: it is gene∣rally used with the Chizel, See Tab. 3. K. You may also have it made of the common fashion.

XIV. Speculum Oris. It is an Instrument which takes hold of the Tongue, and under the Chin at once, being a very ne∣cessary Instrument to hold open the Mouth for the better apply∣ing Medicines to the Throat, as also to the Uvula, and other parts. Tab. 8. O. P. Q.

XV. Speculum Ani. It is an Instrument by which the Disea∣ses of the Intestinum Rectum, and Neck of the Womb are seen by opening of those parts. If there happen in the Orifice of the Fundament, or Neck of the Matrix any excoriation or exul∣ceration, Medicaments cannot well be brought to the grieved part, but by the help of this In∣strument; nor can the grief be seen without it. See Scultetus Tab. 17. fig. 2. and 3. Yet let not the young Artist be too bu∣sie in using of it, without Ne∣cessity, or where an Injection may do the feat. For if the Sphincter Muscle should not easi∣ly give way, but make resistance, (as in many Patients it will a∣gainst their Wills) it may ea∣sily be bruised or hurt, and so thereby you may create a new Disease. It has a Male part for Men, and Female for Women. Tab. 8. M. N.

XVI. Speculum Matricis. It is an Instrument only used for Women, when the dead Child is to be cut out, or some Ulcer of the Matrix is to be viewed, for which purpose it is of excel∣lent Service. Tab. 7. C.

XVII. Actual Cauteries. The Use of these are very needful in Amputation, for the Cauteri∣zing of any Vein or Artery, in strong fluxes of Blood, which cannot otherwise be stayed. In the Epilepsie, or Falling-sick∣ness, they are often used with good success; as also to make a Fontanel or Issue in the Neck or hinder part of the Head, and in the Cure of the Lethargy and Apoplexy. Anciently they were used for the opening of Apo∣stems, but now that practice is quite laid aside. When a Mem∣ber is amputated, sometimes the whole end of the Stump is Cau∣terized, and sometimes but the great Vessels only. Tab. 6. A. B. C. Tab. 8. A. B. C.

XVIII. Actual Seton Cautery. It is also called the Needle for the Seton, which must neither be too long, lest the point should miss the opposite hole, (but a∣bout a Hand breadth in length:) neither must it be very small or gross, but answerable to the Holes of Seton Pincers, only a little smaller, and so being made

very red hot, it passeth through most nimbly, making the Seton without almost any pain. See Tab. 3. E.

XIX. Cautery for the Ranula. The Ranula is a Tumor under the Tongue which corrupts the Speech: this if it be any other∣wise abated, except by the burning Iron, it will grow a∣gain: It is thus used, first frame a plate of Iron (hollowed on the inside) having a hole in the midst, which (the Mouth be∣ing wide open) apply to the Tumor, so that the hole therein may fall just upon that part of the Tumor which you would o∣pen: then with this Instrument red hot pierce the Tumor, which with your Thumb under the root of the Chin, a little bear up by strength and force, that it may pierce the deeper. Tab. 5. S. T.

XX. The Catheter. It is a kind of Probe, by which being thrust into the passage of the Yard, and into the Bladder, way is made for the Urine, or the Stone is felt and removed: When therefore you have occa∣sion to use it, put it in gently, so far as it can well go, being first anointed with Oil of Al∣monds or of Roses: thrust it in without much force; then feel by the root of the Yard near the Fundament, where the Cathe∣ter resteth or bears out, and so by guiding, thrust it in farther towards the Fundament, pres∣sing or bearing down (as it were) a little, the lower part of the Instrument, with the up∣per hand, which stays the Cathe∣ter, then (with the help of the lower finger of the other hand) turn the Catheter upwards, put∣ting it also withal forward a lit∣tle, so will it slip into the Blad∣der. Then draw out the inner Wier, and the Urine will come forth; keeping still the Instru∣ment carefully within the Blad∣der till all be run out, which will come without forcing; moreo∣ver, you may by putting up your finger in Anum, the Catheter be∣ing in the Bladder, and the Wa∣ter drawn out, easily feel the Stone in the Bladder, if any be, the Sick standing and bending his Body also forwards. It is made of Silver that it may be bent; and very smooth that it might not hurt; with many lit∣tle holes perforated at the end, that the Pin being drawn back, the Urine may freely come forth. Tab. 4. A.

XXI. The Directory. It is a Silver Probe, which must be so bent, that its fissure, which it hath in the middle, as far as the end of it, may be on the back∣side, or Gibbous part thereof. It is called a Directory, because being thrust into the Yard, it doth most exactly shew the Neck of the Bladder; and upon that must Incision be made, to take out the Stone. See Tab. 4. D.

XXII. The Dilatatory. It is an Instrument used for inlarging of a Wound, when Arrow∣heads, Bullets, or other Foreign matters are to be taken forth, out of the Fleshy or Brawny parts. Tab. 7. H.

XXIII. The Wound Hook. It is of use in all such Wounds

where there may be some pieces of a Link of a Chain, or Mayle, or other like matter lodged therein, to pull them out. It is called the Hooked Probe, and is useful in Wounds made with Gun-shot. Tab. 6. O.

XXIV. Terebellum Hildani. The Wimblet of Hildanus for bringing forth Bullets, and such like. It consists of three Parts, to wit, a Piercer, in a double case: We shall mention it, and shew the Use thereof hereafter, See the Figure it self. Tab. 2. A. B. C. D. and E. F. G. H.

XXV. The Scalpra. Scraping Tools, to scrape or shave Bones withal, where there is occasion; you ought to have divers of them, and of several Fashions: Those for the Head are com∣monly of one Fashion, those for other Bones of another. When a rotten Bone is to be scraped in the extream Parts, as the Thigh Bone, Shin Bone, Shoulder Bone, Arm-bone, greater and stronger rasping Tools must be provided for them. Now every rasping Instrument is made of most pure Steel, that it may have an Edge, that will perfectly rasp away. The Ancients did fit proper hafts to every scraping Instrument; but our modern Artists provide one handle of Wood, Bone, or Ivory, which they fasten to the Instrument by a Screw. See Tab. 2. N. Tab. 7. N.

XXVI. The File. It is an In∣strument of common Use in cleansing, smoothing, and ma∣king even the Teeth. See Tab. 4. H.

XXVII. The Pliers. It is an Instrument to take out an Arrow head, or the head of any Wea∣pon which is hollow, for the shanks being divided in that hollowness, will hold the Arrow head firm and fast, and so draw it out. Tab. 7. G.

XXVIII. Pliers with a Screw. It is an Instrument having a Screw running though its han∣dles, or cross its shanks. The end of which is like the Crows Bill, or a little flatter. This Screw doth open and close the Crows Bill, as you please to take hold of the Head of the Weapon, though it be buried in the Flesh. See Tab. 7. D.

XXIX. Hooks to draw out the dead Child. They are made of various Fashions, according to the Use and Place of application; but are never to be made use of, unless the Child be dead; nor then, if Nature be able to expel it, as many times she is. See Tab. 2. I. K. L. M.

XXX. Hook to draw Stones out of the Bladder. It is to be used when the Stones are many, or little, or in pieces, or cannot be easily brought to the Neck of the Bladder. See Tab. 4. E.

XXXI. Decussorium, an Instru∣ment to press down the Dura Mater. It is used after Trepanning the Skull, as often as you dress the Wound; wherein, pressing it down to the Dura Mater, you must bid the Patient to strive to put forth his breath, stopping his Mouth and Nose, so that the Matter may more easily be eva∣cuated. This Tool must have the end round, polisht and smooth. See the Fig. Tab. 7. M.

XXXII. The Gouge or hollow Chizel. It is of use to make an entrance into the Bone, for the fixing of other Instruments, as the Trepan, &c. The use here∣of is common with Carpenters and Joiners. See the Figure, Tab. 3. H.

XXXIII. Seton Forceps. They are of several Forms, the two principal of which we have ex∣hibited Tab. 3. A. and Tab. 4. P. The first is a pair of Pincers, having holes in their upper Part, with a certain Cavity, which is closed by the Chirur∣gians hand; with these hold is laid on the Skin of the Neck, and with the Needle Tab. 3. E. be∣ing red hot, the Skin is perfora∣ted through the holes at B. The latter are of the same use as the former, save they have a hold∣fast at R. which of its self binds, or holds close the Instrument or Pincers. These are only of use when the Chirurgian has no Ser∣vant, which may deliver to him the red hot Needle.

XXXIV. Seton Needles. These are to be used, either red hot, or cold: that which is used red hot, is that before mentioned, Tab. 3. E. That which is used cold, is sharp and with edges, being only first anointed with Oil of Roses. See it Tab. 3. F.

XXXV. Needles for a Hare Lip. They ought to be made of Steel, sharp, three square, and of about two inches and a half long. The thread must be well waxed, that it break not; the Needle must be run through both sides of the Wound or Breach, taking up all the Flesh of both Lips, and in the same manner, another short Needle (as the place will bear) must be thrust in the midst, cross the former, and under the Flesh as the former is. Then the Thread which was in the Eye of the first Needle, must be strained cross about all the four ends of the two Needles, 7 or 8 times or more, to hold the Lips of the Breach firmly toge∣ther, till the union be perfected, after which the Needles must be taken away, and the Wounds they made, healed according to Art. See Tab. 8. I. K. L.

XXXVI. Needles for Wounds. These are chiefly for Wounds of the Peritonaeum, but they are made use of in other Wounds also. The manner of the using of these Needles, we have at large declared in Cap.. Sect.. following, and in other pla∣ces. Tab. 6. D. E.

XXXVII. Needles for Couching Cataracts. They are often made of Silver, but in my Opinion those made of Steel are much better. See Tab. 4. L M N O. they are commonly inserted in∣to a handle of Silver, which is an Octagon, that on both sides has a perforated glans or Ivory head, through which the Needle pas∣ses. L. is a Silver Case; M. is the Needle with a Haft and Case of Silver, fitted for the curing of a Cataract or Suffusion; O the Needle in its haft, and its Cap∣sula or Cover. The way of u∣sing see Cap. 31. Sect.. follow∣ing.

XXXVIII. Hollow scraping Levatorie. It is of singular use

after trepaning to take away the Splinters, and smooth the in∣ward edge of the Skull, least the little bits or splints should hurt or prick any of the Membranes: It is smooth on the outside, and hollow within, that it may re∣ceive and hold whatever it shaves off, from falling in upon the said Membrane. See Tab. 6. K.

XXXIX. Forceps to break off Bones of the Skull. These may supply in part the use of the for∣mer, for want thereof, as also to take out bits, splints, and such like, which are already fallen down upon the Membranes: See Tab. 1. N. The Crows Bill, with∣out Teeth. And P Q. the Hollow Forceps, or Parrots Bill.

XL. The Crows Bill Forceps with Teeth. They may be for the former use in Fractures of the Skull: But their chief In∣tention is in Amputation, to draw the Vessels out of the Flesh, that thereby they may be tied up to stay their Bleeding, which is done with a double and strong thread: after which you shall with a sharp Needle and Thread, take four stitches deep into the Flesh, which makes a cross, like the Letter X; sow up the Flesh and Skin, somewhat loosely to cover the end of the Bone, that it take not the Air; for if you should endeavour to draw it close to make the Skin meet, the Skin would break, and your work would be spoiled. See Tab. 1. O. and Tab. 5. M.

XLI. Cranes Bill Forceps straight. They are the straight Instrument of Hieronymus Fabri∣tius ab Aquapendente, for to draw forth a Polypus, being made of Steel, Convex outwardly, but inwardly Concave, having an edge inwardly bent backwards, wherewith we can cut nothing but the Polipus now laid hold on. They are of use also to take forth small Bullets, and other strange Bodies, gotten into Wounds. See Tab. 6. I, L. and Tab. 2. P.

XLII. Goose Bill Forceps. Their general use is in Wounds, to take forth Bullets which are large, and other things of an Orbicular or round form. Their Magnitude and Forms may be various, according to the di∣versity of the occasion, and sci∣tuation of the Wound, as little, great, straight, crooked, broad, narrow, toothed or smooth. See Tab. 4. F. G. Tab. 6. G.

XLIII. Crooked Forceps or Pli∣ers. They are an Instrument wherewith the Polipus is cut and drawn forth, which by the holes of the Nostrils, leads in the Pal∣let to the Throat, thereby threatning to choak the Sick: They are also of use in taking Bones or Splints out of Wounds, whose Cavities make an Ob∣lique Angle. Tab. 6. H.

XLIV. Crooked Toothed Cranes Bill. It is an Instrument, altoge∣ther like the straight Cranes Bill at Sect. 41. save the Bill of the Instrument makes with the shanks an oblique Angle: The uses of it also are the same, tho' used in different kinds of Wounds: The straight Cranes Bill, is only used in straight Wounds; the crooked Cranes Bill in such as are the Oblique,

being directed to take forth Bullets, or other strange Bodies from Wounds having an oblique Angle.

XLV. Myrtle Leaved Pen-knife. It is a Knife with two edges; and resembling the form of a Myrtle Leaf, used with its proper Pincers, to cut a Seton in the Neck. Tab. 4. I. K.

XLVI. Seton Point. It is a long narrow Point, to the end of which is fastned a Seton, or round line of Purple Silk, which being, drawn to the middle, is left in the hole: to the point at D. is fastned a small button of Wax, that it may pass through without delay or pain. See Tab. 3. C. D.

XLVII. Terebellum for the Head, or Head Piercer. It is used in the same manner as is the Trepan or Trefine; but chiefly in those cases where a single hole may be of service enough to dis∣charge the purulent Matter from the Meninges of the Brain. Tab. ••. K. L.

XLVIII. Lapidillum. It is a Spoon made of Latten, where∣with the Stone is taken forth out of the Urinary Passages; name∣ly a Probe, which on that part, where it is made hollow like a Spoon for the Ears, is put into the Conduit of the Yard, so that it may pass beyond the small Stone above it, and may lay hold on it with its Lips and Cavity. This done, Oil of sweet Almonds is poured through the hollow Pas∣sage (which hath a large Orifice) into the Urinary Passage, that it may become slippery: After∣wards the Probe is gently drawn forth, and the Conduit is pressed behind the Stone with the finger, till it be driven forth. Tab. 3. M.

XLIX. The Goose Bill Spatula. It is an Instrument provided to receive and take forth Bullets, or other round Bodies, out of Wounds, for such like Intenti∣ons. See it Tab. 4. B.

L. Fistula Syringe, with a long slender Pipe. It is used to inject Lotions, into hollow Wounds, Ulcers and Fistula's, and to wash other obscure Parts, which can no otherwise be come at. Tab. 9. D.

LI. The Ear and Yard Syringe. It is altogether like the former, save the Pipe at the end is all of one piece with the Body of the Syringe, short, viz. about an inch long, and so thick as to fill the Cavity of the Ear and Yard. The chief uses of it, are to inject liquid Bodies into the Ears, Nose and Yard. By this Instrument, if well made, you may inject into the Bladder it self. Tab. 9. A.

LII. The Womb Syringe. It is a straight hollow Cane, made of Pewter, of about seven or eight inches long; smooth, equal, and about the thickness of a Mans Thumb; having its end perfo∣rated with five or six small holes. It serves to cast in injections to wash the Womb, cleanse it, and to deterge Ulcers, Fistulas, and such like, stop the Whites, &c. Tab. 9. B.

LIII. The Clyster Syringe. It is a Syringe with a long Pipe, like that at Sect. 50. save the Pipe is much thicker, and has a larger Orifice: And the Body of the Syringe is so large, as to hold near a Pint: It is a most admi∣rable

Instrument to exhibit a Clyster with, casting it in much farther than can be done by any Clyster-pipe. You may have them of several sizes. Tab. 9. C.

LIV. Clyster Pipe. It is an Instrument made of Box, Bone or Ivory, about three Inches and a half long, hollow, having its least end (which enters into the Anus) perforated in the sides thereof with five or six holes: the larger end is tyed fast to a Bladder with a Cork and thread; which Bladder holds the Clyster till it is administred: Its use is to exhibit Clysters, instead of the Clyster Syringe, if it be wanting.

LV. Weights and Scales. These are Instruments so necessary, that the Artist can in no ways be without them, the Life of the Patient often lying at stake, for a little fault or error, commit∣ted by a Mistake in the Dose of a Medicament. The Scales ought to be Gold Scales, bright, smooth, equal, with a delicate Beam, which may turn with the tenth part of a Grain. The Weights are gr. ½ j. ij. iij. iv. v. vj. half Scruple ℈ss. ℈j. ℈ij. half a Dram ʒss. ʒj. ʒij. half Ounce ℥ss. ℥j. ℥ij. all which Weights ought to be dou∣ble, lest any should be lost.

CHAP. IV. Of the Form of the Chirurgians Chest.

I. THE old form of the Chest was this: It was first di∣vided into three parts, 1. The Left Hand part. 2. The Middle part. 3. The Right Hand part; and each part has an Upper and a Lower division: The upper of which is to be taken out, and put in again at pleasure, to make way to come at the things which are in the lower part.

II. If the length of the Chest be five Feet, from inside to inside, the breadth may be 20 Inches, and the depth 20 Inches; and this is the best proportion, whether it be greater or lesser than the num∣bers limited: and the upper and lower parts may be divided one from another just in the mid∣dle.

III. If the length be five Feet, the Left Hand may be two Feet of the length, the middle part one Foot of the length; and the Right Hand part two Feet of the length; which divisions may aptly e∣nough serve both for upper and lower parts.

IV. The breadth of the Chest at either end (both for upper and lower parts) may be divided into five divisions; and the length of each end may be divided equally into seven parts; leaving the middle part to contain the In∣struments,

Weights, Scales, Tow, Rowlers, &c. as the Chirurgian shall think most fit for his Occa∣sions.

V. According to this division, each end of the Chest will have twice thirty five divisions, viz. 70 parts, and both ends one hun∣dred and forty; for 5 × 7 = 35 × 2 = 70 the num∣ber in either end, and 70 × 2 = 140 the contents of both ends, and such a number of Medicines an ordinary Chest may contain.

VI. But if the Chest be larger, you may encrease the number of the Divisions in proportion to its large∣ness, to make it receptive of what quantities and numbers you please.

VII. This is the old form of the Chirurgians Chest, which is well enough known to most, but the Contrivance thereof not so absolute∣ly convenient and useful as might be wished for; for which cause sake we shall here propose a new form, having greater con∣veniencies, more security, less trouble, and vastly more useful.

VIII. Let it be made absolutely in the form of a Nest of Drawers; two Feet and eight Inches high; 20 Inches deep backwards: and three Feet three Inches from in∣side to inside in length; or four Feet four Inches, or five Foot five Inches, according to the number and quantity of the Me∣dicines it shall contain: and let the divisions go all perfectly home to the Back.

IX. Let the length, (if it be but three Feet three Inches) be divided into six equal parts, and the heighth into five, dividing the uppermost row into two divisi∣ons only, for keeping of Instru∣ments, Box of Weights, Tow, Rowlers, and other Necessaries belonging to the Chirurgick Practice.

X. The four under rows then be∣ing divided into six equal parts, will make the whole Nest of Boxes to consist of twenty four several Drawers: let each Drawer be divided broadways into two e∣qual parts, and backwards into six equal parts (so as to take the divisions out if you think convenient) so will the whole Nest contain 288 several Boxes, nearly 2¾ Inches square.

XI. If you make it four Feet four Inches in length, then divide it into eight equal parts, which multiplied by four, the number in height, makes thirty two several Drawers; each of which being divided, as the former broad∣ways, exactly in the middle, and backwards into six equal parts, will make your Nest of Drawers to contain 384 several Boxes, which will hold as many several Medicines, or half as many, (by diminishing their numbers, and augmenting their quantities) or a quarter of the number, ac∣cording as your Occasions may require.

XII. To this Repository thus constituted, let be affixed two sub∣stantial Doors, which may open in the middle, one of which is to have Bolts above and below on the inside to keep it fast and firm. The other a substantial Lock in the middle, to keep them close∣ly shut, that the Drawers may

not fall out of their places.

XIII. Thus have you a Recepta∣cle large enough for any ordinary Practice whatever, which may contain (tho' of the least size) 288 several Medicines; or 144 if you double their quantities; and 72 if you Quadruple them; which is a thing very considera∣ble, to be kept in order in so small a place; and the top of it will serve as a Table to lay your Instruments on, dispense Medi∣cines, spread Plaisters upon, &c.

Of the Vessels holding the Me∣dicines.

XIV. Let all Liquid Things, as Waters, Spirits, Tinctures, Wines, Vinegars, Menstruums, Oils, Sy∣rups, and Salts, be put up in Glasses; let the Glasses be made purposely in a Mould, for this design, nearly 2¾. Inches square, and five Inches and half high, and all of them stopt with Corks (except the Syrups) and cover∣ed with Pewter Screws, upon the Neck of which let be Engraven or Written the Name of the Medicine.

XV. Let Pouders, Electuaries, Extracts, Pills, Troches, Balsams, Ointments, be put up into Pewter Pots with Pewter Covers; and let the Pewter Pots be also cast, or made nearly 2¾ Inches square, and near six Inches high, with square Covers, to slip on and off; and upon the sides of these Pewter Boxes, (and on their Covers) let be Engraven or Written the Names of the Medi∣caments contained.

XVI. Cerates and Emplasters, may be rowled up in Papers or Bladders; Roots, Herbs, Seeds, and Flowers, wrapt up in Paper, or put into small Paper Bags; all which may be made of a just length, viz. near six Inches long, and of such a bigness as to go ea∣sily into the Receptacle, upon each of which set the Name fair∣ly, and at length: Thus will the Repository be easily and compleatly furnished, and fitted for a present and ready use.

CHAP. V. The Furniture of the CHIRURGIANS CHEST.

I. THat we might as well fit the Camp as the Court, and as well accommodate the Physi∣cian by Sea as by Land, we thought good here to exhibit several Repositories according to the Institution of the most ex∣cellent and approved Men Learn∣ed in this Art.

II. The first which we shall here present you with, shall be the Arca Chyrurgica, or Cista Militaris of the Famo is Gulielmus Fabritius Hildanus. The second shall be the

Viaticum of that Able Chirurgi∣an John Woodall our Countryman. The third shall be an Institution of Our own, which we wrote some Years since, at the request of a Worthy and Ingenious Man of Our own Nation.

III. The reason of all this Va∣riety is to satisfie the Curiosity of the Industrious Student of Our Art; for as much as the Institu∣tions of One Man, which may please one Artist, may displease another; we have therefore ex∣hibited this variety, that by va∣rious Exemplars of this kind, if nothing which we shall here say, can please, or be without exception; the Judicious Pro∣fessor may from hence take a Pattern, and furnish his Re∣pository with such things as may best fit his Intentions, or An∣swer his desired End.

IV. For as all Men are not a∣like wise, so no one Man can know all things: every Artist may have some one particular Secret or another, for which he may have a particular estimation, and with which he desires his Chest to be furnished; so also his Judgment or Experience, or both, may lead him to chuse se∣veral things which we have re∣jected, from his certain know∣ledge of their more powerful effects; and to reject many things which we have chosen, from his own knowledge of the imbecility of their Powers, be∣ing compared with those he in∣tends to substitute.

V. In all these Cases every Man is left free: nor do I know any reason why any Man should be bound up to things Opposite to his Knowledge. For this Cause sake I here shew you variety: forasmuch as others may dif∣fer as much from us, as we here differ one from another.

I. CISTA HILDANI.

VI. Purging Simples. Aga∣rick, Aloes, Rhubarb, Cassia, Crocus Metallorum, Colocyn∣this, Diagridium, Sena, Her∣modacts, Manna, Mecoachan, Myrobalans, Juice of Damask Roses, Troches Alhandal, Tur∣bith.

VII. Purging Compounds. Be∣nedicta Laxativa, Confectio Ha∣mech, Diacarthamum, Diaphe∣nicon, Diaturbith, Electuarium de Succo Rosarum, Electuarium Lenitivum, Pulvis Senae Brassa∣voli, Syrup of Roses solutive, Pilulae aggregativae, Pilulae Au∣raeae, Cochiae, de Agarico, Lucis majoris, Ruffi, Extractum Rudii, Species for Suppositories.

VIII. Cordial Pouders and Ele∣ctuaries: Aromaticum Rosatum, Fine Bole, Camphir, Confectio Alkermes, Confectio de Hyacin∣tho, Coral prepared, burnt Harts horn prepared, Cream of Tartar, Diaireos, Diamargariton frigi∣dum, Diarrhodon abbatis, Dia∣tragacanthum frigidum, Diatri∣on Santalinum, Flos Sulphuris, Bezoar Stone, Pearl prepared, Mithridate, Meconium, Opium, Laudanum Opiatum, Osteocolla prepared for inward use, Phi∣lonium Romanum, Pulvis ad E∣pithemata Cordis, Hartshorn rasped, Lapis Prunellae, Tartar Vitriolate, Terra Sigillata, Lon∣don

Treacle, Venice Treacle, Diatessaron.

IX. Aromatick Spices. Cala∣mus Aromaticus, Cloves, Cin∣namon, Saffron, Galingal, Mace, Nutmegs, Pepper, Ginger, Su∣gar.

X. Waters distilled. Of Sor∣rel, Aniseed, Borrage, Bugloss, Marigolds, Cinnamon Distilled without Wine, Bawm, Plantane, Roses, Aqua Vitae, Wormwood-water, Mint-water, Treacle-water, of Juices of Barberries, of Citrons, of Pomegranates, Wine Vinegar, Vinegar of Ro∣ses.

XI. Syrups. Of Sorrel, un∣ripe Currans, Barberries, Bu∣gloss, Citrons, Quinces, Pome∣granates, Limons, Liquorice, Poppies, Red Roses, dried Ro∣ses, Violets, Honey of Roses, Oxymel simple and with Squills, Diamorum.

XII. Roots. Of Althaea, Ange∣lica, Birthwort long, round, Bistort, Briony, Avens, Onions, Succory, Comfrey, Sow-bread, Elecampane, Eringo, Fennel, Gentian, Swallow-wort, Orrice, White Lilies, Liquorice, Parsly, Burnet, Plantane, Polipody, Squills, Tormentil.

XIII. Herbs or Leaves. Worm∣wood common, Roman, Agri∣mony, Ladies Mantle, Jack by the Hedge, Althaea, Betony, Carduus Ben. Centaury, Knot∣grass, Cuscuta, Dittany of Creet, Horse-tail, Eye-bright, Fumi∣tory, Hypericon, Marjoram, Bawm, Mint, Mercury, Nep, Origanum, Plantane, Self-heal, Winter-green, Ribwort, Rose∣mary, Rue, Sage, Sanicle, Sca∣bious, Scordium, Golden-rod.

XIV. Flowers of Betony, Bor∣rage, Bugloss, Camomil, Dill, Elder, Marigolds, Melilot, Mul∣lein, Pomgranates, Primrose, Roses, Rosemary, Sage, Vio∣lets.

XV. Seeds. Of Anise, Cori∣ander, Carraways, Cummin, Dill, Foenugreek, French Barley, Line, Parsly, Plantane, Quinces, Ra∣dish, Mustard.

XVI. Fruits. Almonds, Bay-berries, Acorns, Acorn Cups, Figs, preserved Cherries, Quin∣ces, Galls, Cypress-nuts, Oran∣ges, Limons, Pomgranates, Lu∣pins, Myrtle-berries, Rose-hips, Prunes, Tamarinds, Raisins.

XVII. Oils, Natural and Arti∣ficial. Of Almonds sweet, bit∣ter, Dill, Aniseeds, Balsam of Tolu, Vigo's Balsam, Oil of Car∣raways, Cloves, Wax, Camo∣mil, Cinnamon, Quinces, Fen∣nel Seed, Hypericon, Juniper-berries, white Lilies, Earth∣worms, Mastich, Mint, Myrtles, Nutmegs, Olives, Roses, Scor∣pions, Turpentine, Violets, yolks of Eggs, Petroleum, Foxes, El∣der, Linseed.

XVIII. Ointments Simple and Compound. Aegyptiacum, Album Rhasis, Apostolorum, Aureum, de Minio Camphoratum, Defen∣sivum Chalmetaei, Dialthaeae, Diapompholigos, Nicotianae, Po∣puleon, Rosatum, ad Ambussa Hildani, Basilicon, Linimentum Arcaei, Martiatum.

XIX. Fats, Suet or Grease. Of Geese, Beef, Capons, Deer, Goats, Men, Hens, Hogs, Bears.

XX. Emplasters. Apostoli∣cum, Basilicum, de Betonica, Dia∣palma,

Diachylon simplex, Dia∣chylon compound, de Meliloto, de Mucilaginibus, Oxycroceum, de Ranis, Paracelsi.

XXI. Gums and Rosins. Am∣moniacum, Benjamin, Wax, Co∣lophony, Elemi, Euphorbium, Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, Pitch, Styrax Calamita, Turpentine, Tragacanth.

XXII. Minerals and such like. Alum crude, Alum burnt, An∣timony crude, Arsenick, Lime washed, Ceruse, Crocus Martis, Gypsum, Lapis Calaminaris, La∣pis Causticus, Medicamentosus Crollii, Sabulosus, Litharge of Gold, of Silver, Quicksilver, Mercury Sublimate, Praecipitate, Nil praeparatum, Niter crude, prepared, burnt Lead, Realgar, Seif album, Brimstone, Tutia prepared, Vitriol crude, Vitriol burnt.

XXIII. Meals or Flowers. Of Bay-berries, Beans, Barley, Len∣tils, Darnel, Lupins, Wheat, Mill-dust, Pouder stopping Blood.

XXIV. Small Instruments for the Pocket. 1. A Plaster-Box. 2. A Rasor. 3. A pair of Scis∣sars. 4. Incision Knife. 5. Four Lancets. 6. A crooked Knife to open Apostems. 7. A Fleam to divide the Gums with in the Tooth-ach. 8. An Extractor to take things out of Wounds. 9. A pair of Forceps for the same use. 10. Needles great and small to stitch up Wounds. 11. A stitching Quill. 12. Spa∣tula's great and small. 13. Probes. 14. Speculum Oris, one end whereof is to depress the tongue, the other to scrape it. 15. U∣vula Spoon. 16. A Borax quill, to sprinkle Pouders on Wounds or Ulcers. 17. A Hook single at one end, double at the other. 18. A small Hone to set the In∣cision Knives and Lancets.

XXV. The Salvatory. Furnish∣ed with, 1. Unguentum Basili∣cum. 2. Aureum. 3. Aposto∣lorum. 4. Nutritum. 5. Al∣bum Rhasis. 6. de Minio, or Desiccativum rubrum.

XXVI. Large Instruments for the Chest, 1. Trepans. 2. Le∣vatories. 3. Scalpras. 4. Great Speculum Oris. 5. A Speculum Oris to force open the Mouth. 6. Tooth-drawers. 7. Forceps to draw forth Bullets. 8. Great Saw for Amputation. 9. Little Saws for dismembring Fingers and Toes. 10. Amputating-Knife. 11. Crooked Knife. 12. Cauterizing Knife. 13. Cathe∣ters. 14. Syringes. 15. Pa∣raeus his Pully, with Girdle and Remora, for reducing broken Bones and Dislocations. 16. Clyster Pipes. 17. Mortars. 18. Strainers or Sieves. 19. Skillets. 20. Splints.

XXVII. Accessaries. Linnen-cloth, Linnen-Rowlers, Boul∣sters, Tow, Pledgets of Tow, Lint, Tents of Lint, Tents of Gentian Roots, Spunges, Ox∣bladders. Thus far Hildanus.

II. WOODALL's VIATI∣CƲM.

XXVIII. Large Instruments, 1. Incision Knives. 2. Dismem∣bring Knives. 3. Catlings. 4. Rasors. 5. Trepans. 6. Tra∣fine. 7. Levatories. 8. Head

Saws. 9. Dismembring Saws. 10. Dismembring Nippers. 11. Chizel and Mallet. 12. Specu∣lum Oris. 13. Speculum Oris, with a Screw. 14. Speculum Linguae. 15. Speculum Ani. 16. Cauterizing Irons. 17. Storks Bills. 18. Ravens Bills. 19. Crows Bills. 20. Terebellum. 21. Inci∣sion Shears. 22. Probes or Fla∣mules. 23. Spatula's great and small. 24. Spatula Mundani. [25. for Teeth, Paces. 26. Pul∣licans. 27. Forcers or Punches. 28. Crows Bills. 29. Fleames 30. Gravers. 31. Small Files.] 32. A Bundle of small German Instruments. 33. Clyster Syrin∣ges. 34. Small Syringes. 35. Ca∣theter. 36. Wax Candles. Those for the Lid of the Chest, till the Chirurgian see cause of removal.

XXIX. Salvatory. Furnished with the aforenamed usual Oint∣ments, specified at Sect. 23.

XXX. Pocket Instruments. 1. Plaster-Box. 2. Scissers. 3. For∣ceps. 4. Spatula. 5. Capital Instrument. 6. Probe. 7. Stitch∣ing Quill. 8. Needles. 9. Lan∣cets. 10. Borax Pipe. 11. Le∣vatory. 12. Uvula Spoon.

XXXI. Accessaries. Cupping Glasses, Brass Bason, Blood Por∣rengers, Diet Pot, Skillet, Cha∣fing Dish, Clyster Pot, Funnel, Cups to give Potions in, a Board to spread Plasters on, Pestel and Mortar, Weights and Scales, Sieves, Searces, Strainers, Splints, Junks, Tape, Tow, Spunges, Clouts, Rowlers, Paper white, Brown, Empty Pots, Glasses, Needles and Thread, Wax Can∣dles, Lanthorn, Tinder-box fur∣nished, Ink, Quills, Close-stool, Bed-stood, Brass Pail, Bricks to heat, Pipkins, empty Bags, Skins of Leather.

XXXII. Emplasters. Stycti∣cum Paracelsi, Diachylon cum Gummis, Diachylum simplex, Diacalciteos, Oxycroceum, de Meliloto pro Splene, de Meli∣loto simplex, de Lapide Calami∣nari, de Minio, Calidum.

XXXIII. Ointments. Basili∣con, Apostolorum, Aureum, Aegyptiacum, Album Campho∣ratum, Diapompholigos, Pe∣ctorale, Rosarum, Nutritum, Populeon, de Mele & Sapo, con∣tra Ignem, contra Scorbutum, Dialthaeae Compositum, Simplex, Potabile, Mercurii, Linimentum Arcaei, Aragon, Martiatum, A∣xungia Porcinae, Cervi, de Melle simplex.

XXXIV. Waters or Liquors. Aqua Composita, Coelestis, of Dr. Stephens, Rosa Solis, of Cin∣namon, Limons, Rosemary, Sas∣safras, Aniseed, Wormwood, Bawm, Angelica, Mint, Cardu∣us, Treacle-water, [Simple of Damask Roses, red Roses musk∣ed, Plantane] Aqua Fallopii, Aqua Viridis, Aqua Fortis, Lo∣tions, Lixivium strong and com∣mon, Wine Vinegar, Vinegar of Roses, Verjuice, Liquid Cau∣stick.

XXXV. Spirits, of Wine, of Vitriol, of Turpentine.

XXXVI. Salts, of Worm∣wood, of Niter, Sal Gem, La∣pis Infernalis.

XXXVII. Oils Galenical, of Roses, Dill, Camomil, Worms, Lilies, Hypericon simple, cum Gummis, of Elder, of Linseed,

of Eggs, Bays, Wormwood, Pop∣pies, Scorpions, sweet Almonds, bitter Almonds, Petroleum, Bal∣sam natural, artificial.

XXXVIII. Oils Chymical. Of Vitriol, Sulphur, Cloves, Cin∣namon, Mace, Bricks, Anise, Turpentine, Juniper, Spike, An∣timony, Amber, Wormwood, Origanum.

XXXIX. Syrups. Of Worm∣wood, Limons, Poppies, Cinna∣mon, Roses simple, Solutive, Violets, Oxymel simple, Honey of Roses, Diamorum, Horse-Radish, Prunellas.

XL. Conserves. Of Roses, Rose∣mary-flowers, Barberries, Quin∣ces, Wood-Sorrel, Sloes.

XLI. Electuaries. Catholick Extract purging, Extract of Ru∣di••s, Di••catholicon, Diapheni∣con, Diapranum, Confectio Ha∣mech, de Succo Rosarum, Dia∣trion Piperion, Theriaca Lon∣dinensis, confectio Alkermes de Ovo, Mith••idatum, Venice Trea∣cle, Diatessaron.

XLII. Opiates. Laudanum Pa∣racelsi, Diascordium, Diacodi∣um, Philonum Romanum, Per∣sicum, Tarsense, Aureae, Alex∣andrinae.

XLIII. Juyces. Of Worm∣wood, Liquorice, Limons, Pulp of Tamarinds, Acacia.

XLIV. Pills. Of Agarick, Au∣reae, Cochiae, de Euphorbio, de Cambogia, Ru•…•….

XLV. Troches. Of Worm∣wood, Alhandal, de Spodio, de Minio.

XLVI. Pouders. Aurum Vi∣tae, Pulvis Sanctus, Arthriticus.

XLVII. Purging Simples. Sc∣na, Rhubarb, Agarick, Scam∣mony, Aloes, Hermodacts, Poly∣pody, Euphorbium, Turbith, Myrobalans, Cambogia, Cassia Fistularis.

XLVIII. Simples Alteratives. Saffron, Opium, China, Sarsa, Sassafras, Guajacum, Cortex Guajaci, Liquorice, Common Barly, French Barly, Aniseeds, Fennel seeds, common, sweet, Carraways, Cummin seed, Parsly seed, Line seed, Foenugreek seed, Dill seed, Poppy seed, Plantane seed, the four greater Cold Seeds, the four lesser, Sugar, Almonds, Raisins, Starch, Su∣mach, Galls, Bayberries, Juni∣per Berries.

XLIX. Spices. Cinnamon, Mace, Pepper, Cloves, Nut∣megs.

L. Gums. Camphir, Guaja∣ci, Opoponax, Bdellium, Am∣moniacum, Sagapenum, Galba∣num, Myrrh, Mastich, Labda∣num, Styrax Calamita, Liquida, Benjamin, Tragacanth, Ship Pitch, Rosin, Amber, Sanguis Draconis.

LI. From Animals. Ivory, Harts-horn, Wax, Mummy, Al∣bum Graecum, Sperma Ceti, Wolfs Blood, Cantharides, Spo∣dium.

LII. Minerals and Earths. An∣timony crude, Stibium, Sulphur, Roch Allum, Burnt Allum, Vi∣triol Common, White, Burnt, Lapis Prunellae, Venetian Ce∣ruse, Litharge, Verdigrise, Tu∣tia, fine Bole, common Bole.

LIII. Flower or Meals. Of Wheat, Beans, Barly, Bran, Flower, White Starch.

LIV. Herbs most fit to be chosen. Rosemary, Marjoram, Mint,

Melilot, Sage, Time, Worm∣wood, Carduus Ben. Bawm, Sa∣vin, Scordium.

LV. Roots. Of Althaea, Horse Radish, Pyrethrum, Angelica, Comfrey.

III. WOODALL's EPI∣TOMY.

LVI. Instruments. 1. Dismem∣bring Saw. 2. Dismembring Knife. 3. Incision Knife. 4. Head Saw. 5. Trefine. 6. Clyster Pot. 7. Clyster Pipes. 8. Small Syringes with Pipes. 9. Cathe∣ter. 10. Speculum Oris. 11. Cau∣terizing Buttons. 12. Flamula, 13. Forceps straight. 14. For∣ceps crooked. 15. Paces for Teeth. 16. Forcers or Punches, 17. Crows Bills. 18. Spatula's, 19. Weights and Scales. 20. Pe∣stle and Mortar. 21. Strainers. 22. Spunges. 23. Skillets. 24. Chafing dish. 25. Pankin. 26. Chizel and Mallet. 27. Blood Porringers. 28. Cupping-Glas∣ses. 29. Potion Cup. 30. Large Spoon. 31. Tow. 32. Funnels. 33. Cap Paper. 34. Skins of Leather. 35. Large Skillet. 36. Clouts and Rowlers. 37. Blad∣ders. 38. Bags. 39. Pots. 40. Glasses.

LVII. Emplasters. Sticticum Paracelsi, Diacalciteos, Oxycro∣ceum, de Minio, de Meliloto, de Cumino.

LVIII. Oyntments. Basilicon, Viride, Populeon, Album, Tri∣apharmacum, Dialthaeae, Dia∣pompholigos, Egyptiacum, Li∣nimentum Arcaei, Digestive, Mel S••ponis, Hogs Lard.

LIX. Oils Galenical and Chymi∣cal. Of Whelps, Hypericon with Gums, Roses, Camomil, Dill, Lilies, Linseed, Chymical Oils of Vitriol, Turpentine, Origa∣num.

LX. Pouders. Restringens ma∣jus, Defensative, Pulvis Sanctus, Arthriticus, Barly Meal, Bean Meal, Aurum Vitae.

LXI. Herbs. Wormwood, Mint, Rosemary, Time, Cen∣taury, Hypericon, Scordium.

LXII. Syrups. Of Violets, Li∣mons, Mint, Roses Solutive, Di∣amoron, Oxymel, Mel Rosa∣rum.

LXIII. Conserves. Of Roses, Sloes, Barberries, Scurvygrass.

LXIV. Electuaries. De Ovo, Diascordium, Mithridatum, Phi∣lonum Persicum, Venice Trea∣cle, London Treacle, Treacle Diatessaron, Confectio Hamech, Confectio Alkermes, Diatrion Piperion, Diacatholicon, Dia∣phenicon, Lohoch Sanum, Lau∣danum, Aquila Vitae, Catho∣lick Extract purging.

LXV. Pills. De Euphorbio, Ruffi, Cochiae, Auraeae.

LXVI. Liquids. Aqua Coele∣stis, Cinnamomi, Rosarum, Mint, Carduus Ben. Plantane, Aqua Vitae, Angelicae, Lotions, Spirit of Wine, Wine Vinegar.

LXVII. Purging Simples. Fine Aloes, Sena, Rhubarb, Colocin∣this, Cambogium, Stibium.

LXVIII. Simples. Fine Bole, common Bole, Lapis Calamina∣ris, Alum crude, burnt, Vitriol white, green, burnt, Precipi∣tate, Sublimate, Ceruse, Juice of Liquorice, Juice of Limons, Mastich, Myrrh, Greek Pitch, Opium, Turpentine, Lupines,

Pomgranate Peels, Galls, Roots of Liquorice, Seeds of Anise, of Fennel, of Cummin, of Line, of Foenugreek, Bayberries, Juniper berries, Barly Common, French or Hulled, Flowers of Camomil, of Melilot, Cantharides, Harts-horn rasped, Harts-horn burnt, Mummy.

IV. SALMON's REPOSI∣TORY.

LXiX. Small Instruments. 1. Salvatory. 2. Plaster-box. 3. Scissers. 4. Forceps. 5. Probe. 6. Spatula Linguae. 7. Uvula Spoon. 8. Borax Pipe. 9. Fleam. 10. Stitching Quill. 11. Nee∣dles. 12. Lancets. 13. Inci∣sion Knife. 14. Rasor.

LXX. Larger Instruments. 1. Dismembring Knife. 2. Dis∣membring Saw. 3. Head Saw. 4. Trepan. 5. Trefine. 6. Te∣rebellum. 7. Cauterizing Irons. 8. Crow Bills. 9. Forceps strait. 10. Crooked. 11. Paces for Teeth. 12. Directory. 13. Le∣vatory. 14. Bone Scrapers. 15. Files. 16. Plyers. 17. Ca∣theter. 18. Clyster Syringe. 19. Fistula Syringe. 20. Yard Syringe. 21. Womb Syringe. 22. Large Spatula's. 23. Cup∣ping-Glasses. 24. Dismembring Chizel.

LXXI. Accessaries. 1. Blood Porringers. 2. Searces. 3. Strain∣ers. 4. Pestle and Mortar. 5. Weights and Scales. 6. Tape. 7. Junks. 8. Tow. 9. Clouts. 10. Spunges. 11. Wax Candle. 12. Leather.

LXXII. Roots. Asarum, E∣lecampane, Liquorice, Mechoa∣can, Rhubarb, Snake root. Barks. Guajaci, Mace, Perua∣nus. Woods. Guajacum, Ne∣phriticum. Herbs. Carduus, Se∣na. Flowers. Saffron. Fruits. Winter Cherries, Cloves, Figs, Nutmegs. Seeds. Cardamums, Granadillas. Meals. Beans, Bar∣ly, Bayberries, Orobus. Ashes. Pot-ashes.

LXXIII. Gums. Aloes, Bal∣sams of Chili, Peru, Tolu, Cam∣bogia, Colophony, Guajaci, O∣pium, Scammony, Strasburgh Turpentine. Juices. Chermes, Liquorice. Oils. Olive, Petro∣leum.

LXXIV. Animals, and their Parts. Cantharides, Cochinele, Feathers burnt, Harts-horn cal∣cin'd white, Hogs or Ox Gall, Honey, Hog-lice dried, Musk, Ox Blood dried, Ox-horn, Sal Armoniack, Suet, Wax.

LXXV. Minerals. Amber, Alum, Antimony, Bole, Nitre, Quicksilver, Steel or Iron, Ter∣ra sigillata, Vermilion, Tin, Vi∣triol white, Hungarian, Roman, Sal Gem, Tartar.

LXXVI. Metalline Preparati∣ons. Burnt Lead, Ceruse, Sac∣charum Saturni, Arcanum Jovis, Crocus Martis Astringens, Vitri∣olum Martis, Sal Martis, Verdi∣grise, Aurum Vitae, Angelus Mi∣neralis, Crystals of Luna. Mer∣curial Preparations. Red Precipi∣tate, White Precipitate, Arca∣num Coralinum, Princes Pouder, Turpethum Minerale, Corro∣sive Sublimate, Mercurius Dul∣cis.

LXXVII. Preparations from Antimony, Bezoar Minerale, Crocus Metallorum, Vitrum An∣timonii,

Butter of Antimony. From Salts. Volatile Sal Armo∣niack, Sal Prunellae, Nitre Vi∣triolated, Tartar Emetick, Tar∣tar Vitriolated, Salt of Tartar Vitriolated, Nitre Vitriolated. Salt of Vitriol, Burnt Allum, Lapis Infernalis. From Sulphurs, Flowers of Sulphur. From Stones. Pulvis Ostiocollae.

LXXVIII. Spirits. Spirit of Wine Tartarized, Spirit of Sal Armoniack, Spiritus Vulnerari∣us, Spirit of Nitre. Spirituous Waters. Angelica, Wormwood, Aqua Bezoartica. Tinctures. An∣timony, Aurea, Castorei, Ca∣thartica. Elixirs. Proprietatis, Vitae nost.

LXXIX. Oils distilled. Anise, Cinnamon, Cloves, Juniper, Mint, Turpentine. Powers of Amber, Carraways, Harts-horn, Juniper, Lavender, Limons, Mint, Mercury, Pennyroyal, Rosemary, Sassafras, Sage, Tur∣pentine. Oils from Minerals. Of Amber, Sulphur, Vitriol, Balsam of Sulphur common and Anisated.

LXXX. Liquors. Mercurii Sublimati, Salis Tartari. Wines. Benedictum, Antimoniale. Vi∣negars. Squills, Spirit of Vine∣gar. Syrups. Acetosus simplex, Limonum, Violarum, de Spina Cervina, Poppies, Mint, Vola∣tile.

LXXXI. Quiddonies. Barber∣ries. Extracts. Pectorale nost. Laudanum Vol. nost. Aloes, O∣pium. Electuaries. Theriaca no∣stra, New London Treacle, Dia∣catholicon.

LXXXII. Pouders. Antife∣britick nost. Royal nost. Hercu∣les nost. Styptick, Bezoartick. Rosins. Jalap. Pills. Family-Pills, Panchymagogue.

LXXXIII. Waters, Lotions. Aqua Regulata, Styptica, Oph∣thalmica. Oils. Anodynum, Pa∣ralyticum, Refrigerans. Bal∣sams. Amicum, Arthriticum, Lucatelli, Vulnerarium, Poly∣chrestum.

LXXXIV. Ointments. Album, Aegyptiacum, Basilicum minus, Fuscum Wurtzii, Narcoticum, Nicotianae. Cerates. De Am∣moniaco, de Galbano. Empla∣sters. Cephalicum, Diapalma, Diachylon cum Gummis, Diasul∣phuris, Epispasticum, ad Her∣niam, Meliloto simplex, de Mi∣nio, Oxycroceum, de Ranis cum Mercurio, Sticticum Paracelsi.

LXXXV. Hitherto of the mat∣ter of the Repository, out of which the Ingenious Artist may chuse what likes him best, towards the furnishing of his Chest. But it is not necessary that he should have all things that are here enu∣merated; if he has any thing more excellent of his own, he has the liberty of substitution. We have but delivered these things as Exemplars, from whence he may form new ad li∣bitum. But these we have here insisted on, are the very choice and best of those things now in Use.