The art of painting according to the theory and practise of the best Italian, French, and Germane masters. Treating of the antiquity of painting. The reputation it always had. The characters of several masters. Proportion. Action and passion. The effects of light. Perspective. Draught. Colouring. Ordonnance. Far more compleat and compendious then hath yet been publisht by any, antient or modern. The second edition. By M.S. gent.

CAP. XI. (Book 11)

The Names of the Parts of Mans Body.

BEfore we Proceed, we will give the Names of the External Parts of Mans Body, for it is Requisite an Artist should speak properly when he hath occasion to name them.

Of the Head the Forepart is cal'd the Forehead; the turning of the Hair, the Crown; the Root of the Hair above the Forehead, the Center. The Hair before, the Foretop. The Parting of the Hair beginning at the Foretop, and reaching to the Crown, the Seame. Womens long Hair is Coma. The long Hair in the Pole, Cuticagn. The Forehead is the space between the Root of the Hair before, and the Eye-Brows. The Pulse is the highest part of the Forehead. Melone, the swelling out above the Eye-Brows. The Temples, betwixt the Pulse of the Forehead and the Ears. The Ear is the turning contained between the Temples, upper part of the Cheek and the Root of the Hair by the side of the Head. The lower part cal'd the Tip; in the midst is the Hole in Italian, Mirenga. The Eye-Brows are the thick Hairs at the bottom of the Forehead: the space between, the Italians call Glabella: The Upper Eye-lid compasseth the upper part of the Eye: The Eye is the round Ball contain'd between the upper and lower Eye-lid: The Black of the Eye, the round spot in the middle call'd the Apple, or Sight, the outward corner of

the Eye, next the Ear cal'd Cornice, the inner that towards the Nose: the space between the upper Eye-lid, the outward Corner, and the whole turning of the Eye to the upper part of the Cheek and the Glabella, is call'd the Hollow of the Eye. the Nose de∣scends from between the Eyes and ends at the Nostrels, those Prominences hanging out on each side of the bottom, each having a hole to smell, termed in Italian, Papilla; the lower end of the Nose standing forewards is cal'd the Point: the Rising in the midst, the Ridge. The Upper Cheek, is the space between the Ear, the Hollow of the Eye, the Nose and the lower Cheek, whereof the part rising toward the Eye is nam'd Mellone. The Lower Cheek is bounded with the upper, the Nostrels the Mouth, the Chin to the Throat, and the Neck under the Ear; the Upper Lip, the Red Flesh above the Mouth, also cal'd Virgine. The Mouth is the Division between the Upper and nether Lip: the Concavity coming from the Bottom of the Nose to the up∣per Lip, is cal'd the Gutter of the Nose: the Roof of the Mouth the Pallate: the Tongue, that which moveth in the Mouth in Italian Strozza: the passage betwixt the Lungs and the Mouth through which the Breath passeth, is cal'd the Wind-Pipe. The Gum is the Flesh wherein the Teeth are Fastned: the four first cal'd Dividers, next unto which on each side are the Dog-Teeth, the other five on each side with three Roots are the Cheek-Teeth, so that the full number is thirty two, the Chin, the extremity between the Lip and the end of the Face, whose beginning is at the root of the Hair; the hinder part under the Crown, is cal'd the Nape, as also the upper part where the Hairs grow behinde, is the beginning of the Neck, cal'd Cervix. Those Hairs growing under the Chin and about the mouth, is cal'd the Beard: those on the upper Lip, the Mustachiums: the Throat is the Part betwixt the Chin and the beginning of the Body: in the midst directly under the Chin, is the rising cal'd the Throat-Bone; the Concavity of the Neck before, be∣tween the Root of the Hair and the beginning of the Back-bone, which on either side is joyned with the Throat, and at the lower end of the Neck with the shoulders, whereof the Bone in the midst is cal'd Astragalus; the whole Body before Containeth in it, first the Upper Fork of the Stomack, or Brest, which be∣ginneth

at the end of the Throat-pit: the Breasts end with the short Ribs, and are also cal'd the Part under the Paps. and in Women cal'd the Dugs,&c. the Heads or Extuberances whence the Milk is suck'd, cal'd the Nipples. the space between the Breasts at the lower Fork of the Stomack, is cal'd the Bulk. The Arme-Pits are those Hallows under the Arms. The Short-Ribs begin at the end of the Paps, and reach to the Flanks near the Belly: the Flanks begin at the end of the Breast, and likewise are cal'd the Wast. The upper part of the Belly lyeth between the hallow of the Breasts, the wast above the Navil, and the Ribs, and is cal'd Epa: the Knitting of the Entrals is cal'd the Navil. The Belly lyeth between the Wast, the Privitys, and the Flanks: under the Belly, the Privitys, the hallow compass at the Top Corona: the hinder part of the Body cal'd the Back or Cbine, confisteth first of the Shoulder-Blade, which is the part be∣hinde the Shoulders end, which part of the Chine or Loyns; the rest of the Back reacheth from the Neck, to the beginning of the Clift of the Buttocks: the Loyns lye between the shoulder-Blades, the Ribs and the rest of the Chine to the Reins; the Reins reach from the Loyns to the Buttocks, and do proper∣ly belong to the part below the Wast: the Buttocks are the Fleshy part which serves for the Use of sitting: the Arm con∣taineth, first the Shoulder, behinde which is the Back, beginning at the Clavicola, between the Neck and Throat, and reacheth to the shoulder-blade behinde, which place is properly cal'd the Back. The part of the Arm from the Elbow upward, is cal'd the upper Brawn of the Arm, the Elbow is the bowing of the Arm, the inside whereof is the Joynt; and here the lower part of the Arm beginneth. The Wrist is where the Arm joyneth with the hand in the inside. The Palm is the inside of the hand between the wrist and the Fingers: the Thumb is the biggest and shortest, the Fore Finger next, then the Middle Finger which is the Longest, then the Ring-Finger, the last is the Little Finger which is the smallest: Cheiromaneers give other Names as the Thumb, Venus; the Fore-Finger, Jupiter; the Middle Finger, Saturn; the Ring Finger, Sol, and the Little Finger, Mercury, the Brawn in the Palm of the Hand, the Hill of Luna; the Triangle in the midst of the Palm the

Hill of Mars.

The Fingers whose Joynts are as it were equal in Number ac∣cording to their bigness, namely three upon each, except upon the Thumb which hath but two. The hinder part of the Arme reacheth from the Shoulder to the Elbow; where the second part of the Arme begins reaching to the Wrist-Joynt. the Back of the Hand reacheth from the wrist to the first Joynt of the Fingers and is call'd Pecten. The spaces between the Joynts are call'd Internodi, which are two upon each except the Thumb, which hath but one, in the space between the last Joynt and the top of the Finger is the Nayl, whose bowing (where it toucheth the skin) is call'd Corona the whole Hand beginneth at the wrist, and reacheth to the extremity of the Fingers.

The Leg consists of these parts: first, the Thigh, which begin∣neth at the Trunk of the Body and reacheth to the Knee. The Hallow of the Thigh is the inner part below the Privitys. the Knee beginneth at the Round Bone at the end of the Thigh, and reach∣eth to the beginning of the Shin-bone, which reacheth down clean through the Leg to the Instep, beginning at the end of the Shin∣bone, and reacheth to the beginning of the Toes, and is call'd Pecten, or the upper part of the Foot. The Ancle is that Bone which buncheth out on each side, between the Instep and the be∣ginning of the Heel. The Small of the Leg, is the space between the end of the two Calves above, and the Ancle, Instep and Heel below. the Pit of the Foot is the Hallow under the Hill or highest bunch of the Foot towards the Sole. The Toes have Joynts as the Fingers, though shorter: and Nayles in like manner, but otherwise call'd, as the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth; the hinder part of the Leg beginneth under the Buttock, and is call'd the Thigh and endeth at the hinder part of the Knee, call'd the Ham, or Bending. The Calves of the Legs begin under the Ham, and are two upon each Leg, the Outward which endeth somewhat high, and the Inward which reacheth nearer to the small of the Leg; and diminisheth by degrees to the part a little above the Ancle. The Heel is the part of the Foot, which riseth out backwards, reaching from the end of the Leg to the Sole; which beginneth at the end of the Heel, and reacheth to the top of the Toes; containing likewise the spaces between the Joynts un∣derneath orderly.