Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures.

SECT. I. Of shewing how to preserve health.

CHAP I. Of the Method of healing and of indications in gene∣rall.

BUt it is not sufficient to know the Instruments for the recovery of health, and those things which are profitable for the curing of a disease, but tis necessa∣ry to understand how and in what manner every thing is to be used, or to know the Method of healing, and restoring of lost health, the next thing therefore is that we may shew the Method of healing.

Capivaccius defines the Method of healing to be an art wherein by indications remedies are found out that the lost health of man may be restored, * 1.1 for the Method of healing (as also all Physick) is a certaine principall effective had bit using indications as Instruments to find out remedies for the cure of diseases.

For the end of the Method of healing is twofold. The in∣ternall, or proximate, namely invention of fit helps and

remedies in every disease, or rather an invention of indica∣tions, that shew what will cure. The externall is a restitu∣tion of the lost health, or which is the same, an extirpation of a disease.

But an indication which the Greeks call Endixis is some∣times taken in generall for every shewing or demonstration, * 1.2 yet properly and in particular, and as it pertaines to the Me∣thod of healing, it signifyes the shewing of remedies, and tis a perception of what is healthfull in the Indicant, known by causes, or which is the same, tis a perception, and compre∣hension of that which is helping, or indicated, with an appre∣hension of what indicates without experience or any force∣able argument from the cause to effect.

But although Indication be the first Instrument of Dog∣matick Physick whereby tis discernd from other Sects, yet that doth not plainely reject experience, and any forceable arguments, but when diseases and the morbisique causes of nature are not sufficiently known, it flyes to experience and example as to a forceable Argument.

Experience is the remembrance and observation which oftentimes is seen to come to passe in the same man∣ner. * 1.3

An Analogisme, * 1.4 or forceable Argument to perswad is an ap∣prehension of what is helpefull from the like, but that simili∣tude is either amongst the affects or remedies, or amongst the members.

As for the Indication, that is really a certaine Enthyme∣ma, by the force whereof that is found out which is done, for the consequence is so manifest that no man can deny it, and indeed by the force of those propositions which are the foun∣dations of Method, and like Axiomes, and principalls in the Method of healing, and they are these.

Every thing which jndicates shews the conservation of its selfe, or the taking of it away.

That which is according to nature is to be preserved, and that which is contrary to nature is to be taken away.

Contraries are cured by their contraryes, likes are preser∣ved by their likes.

But there are various differences of Indications, * 1.5 the first and most generall is taken from things about which they are conversant, which are according to nature, and preternaturall, and it is because an Indication is a perception, and insinua∣tion of the preservation of that which is according to the

nature, of the indicant to be performed by its likes, the other is an apprehension of the taking away of that which is preternaturall, to be performed by the contrary of the in∣dicant.

Moreover one Indication is genericall, * 1.6 another subalter∣nate, another specificall and determinate; genericall which the common and genericall nature of the indicant supplyes, and which simply teacheth how to take away the disease, and the cause of a disease, and to preserve strength, but in what manner that may be performed, it doth not shew; sub∣alternate, * 1.7 which the subalternate essence of the Indicant shewes, and which indeed determinates the matter more, yet not perfectly; specificiall which is taken from the specifique nature of the Indicant, and describes the whole Indicant exactly and its remedie, and is also called the determi∣nate. * 1.8

Thirdly one Indication is profitable, another unprofitable; profitable is that, to which some matter answers, or which indicates such remedy, the matter whereof may be found out, and primarily, * 1.9 and by its selfe can take away the disease; but unprofitable is that, which shews such helpe, the matter whereof which can take away the disease of the first is not to be found.

Fourthly of Indications some are artificiall, * 1.10 others inarti∣ficiall; inartificiall is that which may be known by others and to the vulgar, as well as to the artist, who equally knowes the disease is to be taken away, and the strength to be preserved, but knowes not a reason how that may be done, * 1.11 such as is genericall, and sometimes subalternate; but artificiall Indi∣cations are those which are not known to all, but only to Ar∣tists, and require a great deale of skill that they may be known, and the Indicant, and helping things are exactly described such as are specificall and determinate. * 1.12

Lastly some Indications are to restore, others to preserve, some are vitall, according as they are taken from the resto∣ring Indicant, the preserving, or vitall.

CHAP II. Of Indicants.

BUt an Indicant as it belongs to the Method of healing is some Agent permanent in mans body, * 1.13 which by its

proper nature and estence shews some helpe, and shews the Indicate which it requiers to be directed to its selfe that the lost health of man may be restored.

Whence it appeares what are the true notions of a true indicant, for first it is required that it doe act, * 1.14 or that it be some Agent, Secondly that it be something permanent and present, or adhering to it, Thirdly the Indicant ought to be known to the intellect, Lastly one Indicant, as it is one, indicates also one.

As for the numbers and difference of Indicants, * 1.15 tis taken from the end of the Method of healing; which is an inven∣tion of remedies, for whereas things preternaturall are to be removed and things according to nature to be kept, the Indicant should be twofold; called removing or curing in generall, or vitall, and since that things contrary to na∣ture are three, a disease, the cause, and the Symptomes, there are properly foure Indicants so called.

The Indicant which is taken from a disease is called Cu∣tratory, * 1.16 the common name being retained of the method of healing, but that which is taken from the cause besides the containing cause, is called Preservatory; that which is ta∣ken from the Symptome, is called an urgent Symptome, nor are Symptomes to be excluded from the number of In∣dicants, since that also is preternaturall, and hath pecu∣liar indicates which of its proper nature it affords, and that different from the indicates which the diseases and causes afford, and remedies may be brought for Symptomes which regard neither the disease, nor the cause of a disease, which is manifest in paine which Anodynes shew.

The Indicant which is taken from things according to nature is called vitall, * 1.17 but since things according to na∣ture, are health, the causes of health, and the accidents of health, a vitall indicant may also be sub-divided.

But although some reckon more Indicants, * 1.18 yet they are not new and peculiar Indicants, but belong either to the causes, from whence Preservatory indication is taken, or they are not true indicants, but rather manifest true indi∣cants and by accident, and the intervening of another helpe to discover remedies, such like are temperament, habit of body, age, sex, kind of life, strength, custome, the peculiar nature of every one, the condition of the part beset with the disease, aire, condition of Heaven, the time of the yeare, the Country, the place of habitation, the times of diseases, and the force of the remedies.

Namely the temperament indicates the preservation of its selfe, of which, a rule; That disease which differs most, from the naturall state, is to be cured with more vehement medicines, that which differs lesse, is to be cured with milder. Age circumscribes the vitallindicant, of this there is a rule also; By how much the more a disease recedes from the nature of the age of the sick, by so much the more violent remedies tis to be cured with; by how much the lesse, by so much the more gentle remedies. There is the same reason of Sex, as there is of age; as for custome, those things that are accustomed along time, although they are worse, doe lesse hurt, then those which are un-accustomed, whence a dis∣ease which differs much from custome, is to be opposed with stronger, that which recedes lesse, with weaker medicines. The course of life for the most part requires the same as cus∣tome.

Idiosuncrasia shews that choice is to be had in Medicines. It is to be considered about the part affected, first its excellency, whence, a rule; Noble parts are not to be tampered with strong medicines, but ignoble parts will endure them more safely; moreover, its conformation and figure which determinates the Indicant and the Indi∣cate; so a thinner part being moistned over much requires not great dryers, but a thick and compact part requires great dryers, Thirdly situation, of which you must know, that parts which are deepe in the body, are to be cured with stronger medicines, but those that are in the Superficies with weaker: Fourthly, the place, of which is to be noted, that if many wayes lye open for the giving of medicines, the next are to be chosen. Aire according to a severall respect, some∣times signifies a Curatory Indicant, sometimes a vitall. Of the season of a disease Hippocrates his Axiome is, In diseases beginning, if any thing seeme proper to be removed, move it; but in diseases that are quiet, tis better to be quiet.

Lastly, medicines sometimes shew a greater, sometimes a lesser regresse from the naturall state.

CHAP III. Of the concord, and discord of Indicants.

BUt those Indicants, according as they sometimes agree amongst themselves, and somtimes disagree, they are allotted new names, and are called Indicaats, Consenti∣ents, contrary Indicants, Prohibents, Permittents, Repug∣nants, Correpugnants.

Co-indicants or consentients are those, * 1.19 which conduce to the finding out the same remedie, and more of them indi∣cate the same thing, yet others would not have Co-indicants to be Indicants, which require the same helpe, but to be that only which in the foregoing chapter we have said to be called not so properly Indicants, namely such as indi∣cate mediately, and by the intervening of another, but the rest which are properly called Indicants, and require the same helpe, which is required by another Indicate, are called by a peculiar name Consentients.

Prohibents which you may call contrary Indicants, * 1.20 and Re∣pugnants, they are those which differ from other Indicants and require, and indicate another thing which is adverse to that, which was indicated from another primary Indicant and indeed so that the indication thereof be to be preferred before the other, and that which was indicated from the other is to be omitted.

Those are called Correpugnants, * 1.21 which resist together with others, and prohibit something.

Lastly, Permittents are those which although they indicate contrary to that which was indicated by another, yet, they are overcome by another, as being more powerfull, so that they are compelled to suffer that which the other per∣swades.

From whence it is manifest that a Physitian ought to consider not only what one Indicant perswades, but also what another requires, for if all the Indicants agree, and conspire as it were in one, that is boldly to be performed which is commanded by them, but if there be some disagree∣ment amongst them, tis diligently to be weighed which of them perswades most powerfully, and those things which dissent amongst themselves are to be valued by their strength, dignity, and number. If they are equall according

to power and dignity, and are uneven according to num∣ber, those which exceed in number are to be preferred, and that is to be preferred which is indicated by most, but if the Indicants are uneven in strength and dignity, that is rather to be preferred which is commanded by the more noble, or even by one more noble, but if those Indicants are equall both in strength and number, in all things they are to be regarded according to each severall respect.

From whence it is manifest that if the magnitude of Indicants be even, the vitall indications are allwayes to be preferred before the rest, and the greatest respect is all∣wayes to be had to the strength, but if there be not a parity amongst the Indicants, that is rather to be performed which is indicated from that which most perswades, yet the rest if it may be are not plainely to be neglected.

CHAP. IV. Of Indicates.

AN indicate is that which helpeth, * 1.22 and is shewn that it is to be used by the Indicant, it is also named Sum∣pheron, that is, profitable, Prospheromenon, that is aid, that which is required, the scope, and tis called the second scope, to distinguish from the first (for so the Indicant is sometimes called) also a remedie in the Curatory or resto∣ring part.

An indicate is divided into something to doe as they speake, * 1.23 or into the very essence of the remedie and nature of it, and into the use, or right Administration of that mat∣ter fit for remedie.

What is to be done is known by its selfe from the nature of the true Indicant, * 1.24 whereby is known that the body is well or ill affected and confists in two things, and the Physitian propounds to himselfe two things principally to be per∣formed, namely that he may preserve the strength, and drive away those things which are contrary to nature, as a disease, the cause of a disease and Symptomes, from whence and, what is to be done, as the indicants above shew, is divi∣ded into Curatory, which is a remedie taking away the dis∣case; Preservatory, which is a remedie taking away the cause, and vitall, which is helpfull for the prefervation of life, to which as is said may be added, mitigation of urgent Symp∣tomes

In these oftentimes contrary indications doe meete, and that which is perswaded by one, is disswaded by another, for the strength requiers giving of nourishment, contrary to which a disease and the cause doe indicate, for they are increased by the exhibition of aliment, but then that is to be helped, which hath most need.

But in giving contrary things, this principle is to be ob∣served, that the remedie may be given contrary to the in∣dicant, very exactly, but since that which is equally con∣trary may be given two wayes, either by applying such a thing once which is equivalent to the regression from the naturall state, or oftner by exhibiting contraries, not so di∣rectly contrary at severall times, the first kind of remedie is to be used in two sorts of diseases, namely in those which are weake, and in those diseases, which are extreame, dan∣gerous, but the latter way of remedie is to be used in those diseases, which aremoderate as it were the middle betwixt the extreame dangerous, and the weake disease.

Moreover that which is to be done, as of indications, so of indicants, one is genericall, another subalternate, another specificall, another appropriated, one is profitable, another unprofitable, one is artificiall, another inartificiall.

But the use and right Administrations of helpe are com∣prehended under quantity, * 1.25 place and time which aimes Practicioners commonly name how much, when and where to act or doe, yet it is here to be observed that those circum∣stances and manners of Administrations have place both in the helpe it selfe, and in the matter fit for cure.

As for what belongs to quantity, * 1.26 since that it may be ta∣ken both for a de finite degree of Administring of a remedie, in which respect quantity, and what is to be performed by a specifique agent are the same, and for the dose, plenty, and bignesse of the matter of cure it selfe: quanttity or magnitude of the essence indicating denotes quantity taken in the former sense, for example sake, great heat shews that it must be much cooled. Yet heare is to be considered whether the part be scituated deep in the body, for then a stronger Medicine is to be chosen that it may come to the part affected, with its full force.

When, or the time is shewne from the time or presence, of the Indicant, * 1.27 for then helpe is to be Administred when that which requires it is present.

Order also belongs to time, for that which in simple, * 1.28 is

Time, incomplicate is order, and the presence of a vehe∣ment Indicant shews the order of performing, but that is first to be done which is shewn by the Indicant, which over rules the rest in indicating, and that overcomes the rest in indicating, by which the greatest danger is threat∣ned, and without the removing of which the rest cannot be taken away, and therefore three things being observed, we may proceed in a right order of cure; if first we weigh what urgeth most, and from whence there is feare of greatest danger, for that is first to be opposed, which strives most, or from whence the greatest danger of life is threatned. Secondly, if we consider what regard it hath of the cause, and what of the effect, for the cause is to be taken away be∣fore the disease. Thirdly, if we confider what may be in the stead of an impediment, and what before what, and what with what, and what after what may be cured, for what∣soever may be a hindrance in the taking away of a dis∣case, or the cause of a disease are first to be removed, and therefore it is to be considered whether a disease be joyned with a disease, or with the cause of a disease; if a disease be joyned with a disease, it is to be considered whether those diseases agree or not, if they no way agree but are resident in divers parts, you may cure them severally, or together, each by their proper remedie, and tis no matter to which you apply the first remedie, yet regard is to be had of the parts wherein those diseases reside, for those which are in noble parts, or those parts which serve the noble parts, or have consent with them, or which performe any publike duty, they are first to be taken away, but if the diseases have some agreement, and are some way united, it is to be con∣sidered whether the cure of the one is beneficiall to the cure of the other, or at least no way hinder the cure of the other, or whether the cure of the one may bring any impedi∣ment or hindrance to the cure of the other, or whether they partly consent, and partly dissent; if the cure of the one bring no impediment, or bindrance to the cure of the other, or also if it promotes it, as if a distemper of the liver, and an obstruction thereof concurr, you may cure them severally, or together, and begin with which of them you please; also when a reason thereof may be had from that which urgeth most, if they are not of equall force, but if they are so joyned together that the one is more dange∣gerous then the other, you must begin with that which is

the other, neither of them is to be cured by its selfe, but the remedies shall so be tempered that they may both be cured, most dangerous, qut if the one be no more dangerous then both be cured, Lastly, if they partly agree, and partly disa∣gree, you are to begin with that, the cure whereof hinders not the cure of the other, and without removall whereof the other cannot be taken away; if a disease be joyned to a cause, the cause is first to be removed, but in the removing of causes it is to be observed, that they are to be taken away in that order wherein they follow one another, so that you are to be begin first with that which was first in generation and last in dissolution, from thence you are to goe on to the next, and so to goe on forward in order untill we come to our desired end, and that we may breifly comprehend all the matter, the presence of the Indicant which overcomes the other Indicants, and the absence of the prohibiting In∣dicant, shews when to act, and the order of performing; and moreover it teacheth whether the same remedie be to be repeated often, for so long and so often, it is to be repeated, as the Indicant remaines present, and no hindring Indi∣cant happens.

The place, or substance of the Indicant sheweth where, and the place of applying remedies, and the place is to be found out in which, by which, and to which as they com∣monly use to distinguish.

In all alterations the place in which is principally to be taken notice of, in evacuations the place from which, * 1.29 and by which, if the matter be carried out of one place into another, the place to which

As for what belongs to the place of applycation of mat∣ter fit for remedie, since a contact or touch of the matter and Indicant cannot allwayes be immediate, that is to be chosen by or through which the matter of cure may come to it, that there may be a touch, and action and passion thereof and of the Indicant.

As for Mode, if it regard the remedie it selfe without consideration of matter, * 1.30 it seemes not to differ from quan∣tity, time, and place, but rather to be a Summetry in mea∣sure, and equity to be observed in these; but if it be taken for the forme of a medicine, that is delivered in the doctrine of the composition of medicines.

The helpe or Indicate being found out, that the Phy∣sitian may be carefull of the matter of cure tis very requi¦site;

which is taken from three heads, Chyrurgery, Ingre∣dients, and Dyet, the same Indicate shews matter, circum∣scribed and determinate with its conditions, quantity, time and place, for that matter is proper and fit, which can performe that, which the determinate Indicate requires by its rules, and which may have force, but if there be more Indicates, or matter to be sought which have more faculties, or if these be wanting more shall becompounded together.

But because allwayes as is said, regard is to be had of the strength also, and it is to be weighed, whether by the ap∣plication of this matter, there may come more good or not, the nature of the whole body, and of the part to which the medicine ought to be applyed is to be considered, in which businesse not only manifest, but also occult qualities ought to be weighed, and tis to be enquired by the Physitian whe∣ther the sick have any peculiar hatred to any particular thing, which therefore is in no wise to be given in the cure, but in parts affected in their kind, the excellency of a part is to be weighed, the sense, scituation, conformation, for if a part be a principall one or performes a publick Office, no Medicine is to be given which can much hurt it, and dis∣turbe its Office and Duty, for then losse would redound to the whole body, so to the mouth and chops poysons and things ungratefull to the taste and sordid are not to be exhibited, nor stinking things to the Nostrills, nor gnawing and biting things to the eyes, nor those things to be applyed to nervous parts affected, that cause paine.

The same rules which we have now even propounded in the right use of remedies, * 1.31 ate to be observed also in choice of matter, the quantity of matter regards the measure, & wa••ght thereof, which was indicated by the Indicant, and is prop∣per for the performing of the Indication; the quantity of the matter is found two wayes, first in what quantity any me∣dicine whatsoever is to be given, and what are those bounds betwixt which if it be given it performes that which it ought, and no way hurteth, is manifest by experience only, but in what dose, whether in the highest, lowest, or middle, the medicine be to be given, to this or that sick person, what the quantity is of the matter to be administred, that is known from the magnitude, or extent of the Indicant, and if the quantity of the Indicant be great, the quantity of the medicine ought to be great likewise, in which matter the condition is to be weighed and the strength of the

whole and of every part, for if a part to be altered is more remote in place, a greater quantity of the remedie altering is required, namely that it may come with its full force to the part affected.

But the time of Administring of matter is taken not sim∣ply from the presence of the Indicant, * 1.32 but is that when it can helpe, but this time is known, and the knowledge of the matter to be administred, and the nature of the part to which it ought to be Administered, for some things worke presently, others after some space between; the action of of some things continues long, of others it ceaseth pre∣sently. The part as it is open, or placed deepe, so it re∣gards the action of the Agent presently; the Administra∣tion of the matter is to be prohibited when it doth more hurt then good, but it may doe hurt, when it may preserve any thing contrary to nature which ought to be taken away, or when it may take away that which ought to be preser∣ved.

The place of Administration of matter, is that place where the matter is to be given, may helpe and performe that which tis required to do, for since every action is perfor∣med by contact, the Physitian ought allwayes to endeavour that the matter which he ••seth might penetrate to the place where the Indicant is, and may touch the Indicant, but some parts are Externall, others Internall, in Exter∣nall the matter is plaine, for there the matter of the medi∣cine is to be applyed where it is to worke, or where the In∣dicant is, since the Externall parts may be immediatly touched with the medicines, but medicines cannot be so im∣mediatly applyed to the Internall parts, and therefore when we are willing to evacuate, common wayes are to be chosen, and the next through which the matter may be eva∣cuated; if we are to alter in the interior parts, either mani∣fest wayes are to be found ••ut or occult passages, through which the matter that is given may penetrate, and indeed as for manifest passages, the widest and nearest are allwayes to be chosen.

But concerning the measure, * 1.33 or manner shall be shewn hereafter, part the 3 d. Sect. 3 d. where various formes of medicines, both simple and compound shall be proposed.

CHAP. V. What Morbifique causes indicate, and peculiarly of purging of a juice in the body which causeth ill digestion.

FOrasmuch as hitherto we have explained the universall Method of healing, now peculiarly we will propound the Method of taking away of Morbifique causes, removing diseases, and preserving strength, and will begin from the causes.

What the differences of causes are, is spoken before in the 2 d. Booke, part the 1. Chap. the 3 d. for of what kind soever they are, whether begotten in the body, or external∣ly, or admitted into the body, and become as it were in∣ternall or stirring up, cherishing, and increasing a disease without, they all require removall.

But whereas causes offend either in the whole substance, or quantity, * 1.34 or quality, or motion, or place, first, all things which put on the nature, of a cause, as in their whole kind they are contrary to nature, they indicate, an absolute ab∣lation of them out of the body, or as latter Physitians say, an Eradication.

But that here we may treate only of humours, * 1.35 severall wayes there are of rooting out and evacuating corrupt hu∣mours out of the body, for sometimes they are purged through the paunch, sometimes they are ejected by vomit, sometimes discussed by sweates, sometimes cast out by urine, of which we will now speake in their order, and first of pur∣gation.

Purgation taken in the largest sense is indicated from a Cacochymie; * 1.36 or juice which causeth ill digestion and bad nourishment, and a purging medicine taken in the largest signification is the matter of remedie, indicated for a Ca∣chochymie; but that this doctrine of purgation may be more evident, in the first place tis to be observed, that Physitians in respect of purging medicines, divide the body into three common Regions, into the first, which is without the liver, and is extended from the stomach, through the middle part, home to the liver; the second which is dilated from the middle of the liver, through the greater veines, to the

outside of the body; the third, which comprehends the ha∣bit of the body with the lesser veines: private parts also have their excrements and peculiat wayes to void them, and hence one evacuation is called universall, * 1.37 another particular, universall is that which evacuates humours from the common Regions of the body, such is evacuation of blood after what manner soever, purging by the paunch, vomitting, voiding of u••ine, sweate, * 1.38 insensible transpira∣tion; particular is that which evacuates some private part, as the braines, lungs, wombe.

As for universall purgation which evacuates the com∣mon Regions of the body, Cacochymie consists of what Indi∣cates it, either on this side, or beyond the liver; Cacochymie which consists in the first Region of the body, by its selfe, and properly indicates those medicines which have power without any manifest agitation of evacuating superfluous humours through the paunch, which stick in the first Region of the body, although sometimes if the matter have an in∣clination upwards, and the sick can easily endure a vomit, by vomit also humours may be purged out of the first Regi∣on of the body, so that those things which cause vomitting are not purging, and vehement, but gentle, such like are as ••bovesaid part the first, Sect the first Chap the second: * 1.39 others are called Encoproticks, only such as loosen, and mollify the belly; which evacuate only by softning, and washing away, and drawing away, others by a singular pro∣priety, purge peculiar humours, whose force notwithstan∣ding since it cannot be extended beyond the liver, by some are called Lenitives, by others, gentle purges; both of them and first the former, since they evacuate without much troubling the body, the strength easily endures them, and therefore they may be secrely given in what age soever, sex, or time of the yeare, so that the use thereof be lawfull, namely that they are given in their due quantity, and before meate a little, and in feavers not neere the fit.

But excrementicious humours, * 1.40 which consist beyond the liver are to be evacuated by Cathartick medicines, so cal∣led peculiarly, or purgers, stronger, and strongest, and Ca∣tharsis or purgation in particular so called is an evacuation of excrementitious humours abiding beyond the liver by Cathartick medicines through the paunch, and by vomit, and is indicated from excrementicious humours, and such

as are unprofitable for the nourishment of the body, and some of those are naturall, others contrary to nature, the naturall are those which are generated by the purpose of nature, as sweet phlegme, Melancholy, choler, for these if they abound, and are generated in the body in greater plenty then they ought, constitute a Cacochimy, but pre∣ternaturall are those which are generated contrary to na∣ture, and unto which naturall humours degenerate, both of them, if they so offend that they can neither be taken away by dyet, nor any other milder kind of evacuation, as by sweates or insensible transpiration Indicate purgation.

But as Cacochimy subsisting beyond the first passages, and that being greater, Indicates purgation, so such require such kinds, as purge a definite humour; namely phlegme requires Phlegmagogues; Choler, Chologogues; Melan∣choly, Melanagogues; watry humours, Hydragogues; mixt humours require mixt.

Yet it is to be weighed what the strength permits, * 1.41 and prohibits in purgation appointed, by a Noble medicine, and whether the strength can endure purging, and the sick be apt, or unapt to purge, and whether more profit or hurt will ensue by purging.

All the rest of the signes which are said to forerun purga∣tion, belong to the strength, whether they are strong or weak, of which kind are Temperament, habit of body, age, sex, of which Hippo. 4. Apho. 1. speaking of purging women with child saies: Those that are pregnant are to be purged if the humour be un••bridled after foure months, and un∣till the seventh month, although these lesse, for those that have lesser or greater young are more warily and religiously to be medled with, the kind of life, custome, property of nature, constitution of Aire and such like. As for the Tem∣perament, hotter and dryer bodyes endure with more dif∣ficulty cold and moist indifferently, hot and moist easil••: strength of body admits of purgation, imbecility very little, a leane habit of body warily, a full body easily, a fat body hardly, of age it is principally to be noted that sucking children are most conveniently purged by medicines given to the Nurse: as to custome, those that are wont to be purg∣ed, more boldly; those which are not accustomed are more ringly to be purged: of Aire you must know that neither the hotter, nor the colder; but purging is principally in

the spring time to be appointed: concerning the nature of a disease it is first to be noted that in hot dileases, if the dis∣ease will beare it, cooling things are to be administred be∣fore purging, moreover because in them the store of ill humours is rather to be taken away by loosning things then by true purgation. Thirdly because those which are apt to a Diarrhaea, Crampe, &c. are not casy to be purged. But principally you must observe whether the sick be prepared and fitted for purging, namely whether the wayes through which the matter ought to be conveyed, are open, and the humours themselves fit to be evacuated, of which it shall be spoken.

CHAP. VI. Of the time fit for purging of a disease.

BUt although peccant, * 1.42 corrupt and putred humours all∣wayes Indicate their own taking away, and evacuation out of the body, yet because they are not allwayes apt for purgation, you may not evacuate them at any time, but are to enquire of the time and occasion of giving purges The convenient time of purging is, when the humour Indica∣ting purgation is present, and other Indicants permit it, and nothing hinders it.

But in the beginning you are to be admonished here, that those things which are to be purged either may stir up a feaver, or other diseases without a feaver; if the feaver be absent, the wayes open and the humours themselfes prepa∣red for motion, you may purge them at any time, so in the Scab, Cachexie, paine of the head, Palsie, Trembling, paine of the Teeth, you may purge during any time of the disease, when nothing prohibits, it and that a concoction is not expected, when those humouts are not properly crud, the are ill drawn hither by some A••ho. Hippo. 22. Sect. 1. things concocted, are to be purged not crude, but the whole disputation of the fit time for purging of a disease is of Feavers, and that acute, especially wherein the hu∣mours are properly crude, although the time of a dis∣ease shew not, yet there is a signe which shews either the prohibiting, or permitting vertue; for since that in the aug∣mentation of a disease, nature begins a combate therewith, in the state there is a great conflict between them, let him endeavour this one thing with all his industry

that he may overcome the morbifique cau••e, and having overcome it may drive it out of the body, and all the Symp∣tomes if they are greater, nature is neither to be opposed any more with purging medicines then, nor to be called away from its good purpose, nor being debilitated enough by the Morbifique matter, and most greivous Symptomes, is it to be hindred; there remaines therefore two times, namely the beginning of a disease, and that after the state, neither notwithstanding is it equally profitable to purge in which you please of these in all diseases, but allwayes to consider whether more profit, or more inconveniency will ensue by purging, but what it is to be done here. Hippo, teacheth in the 22. Apho. Sect 1. which Galen, in 4, of pre∣ferving health Chap 5. calls an Oracle, he sayes, concoct∣ed, and ripened humours are to be purged and moved, not crude.

Out of which it is manifest that the most convenient time of purgation is after the state, * 1.43 and when the humours are concocted, for if we purge concocted humours, that is such as are overcome and tamed by nature, and separted from the profitable blood, we have nature our helper, and the hu∣mour more aptly followes the leading of the purging me∣dicine, but if we endeavour by purges to evacutate crude, humours, that is such as are not as yet Elaborated, and be∣come benigne, nor as yet seperated from the profitable, the sick will receive more dammage then benefit from thence: neither have we nature to a fist us, nor are the humours apt for purgation, wherefore either the purge performes not its purpose and brings out nothing, or very little, or if the me∣dicine be very strong, it draws out not only the unprofitable, but profitable humours, (since they are hitherto mixt,) it melts, and consumes the body, disturbes the humours more, and confounds them, brings forth obstructions in the first passages, the matter being stird and not sufficiently evacua∣ted, whence greivous Symptomes doe arise, but if any vo∣luntary purge shall happen, and that sufficient, or that any future loosness be expected, there will be no need of any pur∣ging; according to Hippo. 1. Apho. 20. those things which are perfectly judged, and exquisitely confirmed are in no ways to be removed, * 1.44 neither moved, neither with purging, me∣dicines, nor other endeavours, but are to be let alone.

But although the best time for purging is after concoc∣tion, yet sometimes you may purge in the beginning, by the

command of Hippo. 2. Apho. 29. where hee sayth, in the be∣ginning of a disease, if any thing seeme fit to be moved, move it, but when you may, purge it in the beginning of a disease: It is variously disputed amongst Authors; Galen shews it clearely, whilst 1. Apho. 24: he saith, that then onely purging is to be used, when greater profit may follow by the evacuation of offending humours, then the detriment is, which the body receives from purging medicines; or when any present danger doth more urge, then crudity of hu∣mours; but Hippo. shews the cause, and that danger, 1. A∣pho. 22. whilst he writes. That purging is not to be used in the beginning of a disease, unlesse the matter raise Tu∣mours, or be angry: for if hot humours, acrid and biting wander up and down in the body, and it be doubted least the strength should be debilitated by the agitation of the matter, or least the matter being stird up should rush into some prin∣cipall part with violence, or into some part, which may draw a principall part with violence, or into some part, which may draw a principall part into consent, or least the native heat should be extinguished, you may purge them presently in the beginning of a disease, especially when they also of their owne accord are moveable, and easy to be evacuated, and nature wearied out by them, affords its assistance towards their expulsion, and indeed that should be done in the very beginning, Apho. 10. Sect. 4. of Hippo. To purge in very acute diseases if the humour swell, the very first day, for delay in diseases of this kind is dangerous.

CHAP VII. Of preparation and concoction of humours.

AT another time, * 1.45 concoction of humours is to be expect∣ed before purging be appointed, and the Physitian shall studdy to prepare those things which further concoction, and cause more commodious evacuation, for we must distinguish betwixt concoction and preparation, and concoction is attri∣buted to nature, preparation to Art, namely nature only con∣cocts humours, and Elaborates them, and draws them to that perfection, and better state by putrifying which they can re∣ceive, that they may the more conveniently and without prejudice or detriment to the sick be evacuated, but it is not in the power of Art to concoct humours, yet it may be

helpfull to the native heate, concocting both by cherish∣ing and strengthning it.

Besides this true concoction which is the worke of nature only, * 1.46 there are yet other preparations of humours, which are appointed for the more happy concoction, and more profitable evacuation sake, which the vulgar call concoc∣tions also, and medicines effecting them, they call Conco∣quents, or as they commonly speake Digestives.

These preparations are of two kinds the one is that which preceds the concoction which is performed by nature, * 1.47 the other is that which followes it, the former is that which takes away all things which are impediments to nature whereby it may the lesse begin, or happily perfect concoc∣tion, and commonly useth to be called concoction; the quality of humours besides their quantity, hinder concoc∣tion; therefore what qualities soever hinder concoction are to be taken away by their contraries, and hot humours are to be cooled, cold to be heated, dry to be moistned, moist to be dryed, in like manner humours that are too thick are to be attenuated, those that are to thin and sharpe are too be thickned and allayed, and those that are tough to be wiped away or purged.

Namely phlegme which is cold, * 1.48 moist, thick, and dull, requires heating, drying, attenuating, cutting, and deter∣gent medicines.

Yellow choler since it is hot and dry, tis to be corrected with cooling and moistning things, but as it ••s thin, and by its too much tenuity may molest the body, it is to be thickned, the other kinds of choler which are produced by too much adustion, sichence they are now thicker, require extenuation.

Moreover the melancholy humour since it is cold, * 1.49 dry and thick, is prepared with things modernately heating and attenuating and moistning, but black choler, since tis a hot humour very dry and thick, requires cold things, much at∣tenuating and moistning.

The other preparation is that which is appointed when putred humours allready concocted, * 1.50 or others also not pu∣tred, by reason of some impediment are not evacuated without difficulty, unlesse that be taken away.

But sithence humours which ought to be evacuated, ought to be moveable, and the wayes through which they ought to be moved open, hence it easily appeares that there are

two hinderances, which impead the happy purgation of hu∣mours, namely thickness of humours and obstruction of passa∣ges. And therefore the Physitian which would purge as Hippe. commands 2. Apbo. 9. must well prepare, as Galen explaines it, tis to extenuate the thick and dull humours, and open the passagesthrough which they ought to be traduced, and drawn by the force of purging medicines.

CHAP VIII. Of the quantity of purgation.

THat we may purge as much as is convenient, * 1.51 and no lesse, we are to use diligence, first to know the quan∣tity of the peccant humour, that from thence the quan∣tity of the purging medicine may be determined, for the quantity of the purging medicine ought to be such that it may evacuate all the peccant humours, least any part thereof remaine in the body, and corrupt the other hu∣mours, and afterwards cause a ralapse.

But whether the peccant humours ought to be evacuated together, and at once, * 1.52 or at severall times is to be known from the store of humours, and strength or weaknesse of the Patient; for if the matter be much, and if the strength be great, yet it is better to divide the purgings, nor by too large evacuation rashly to debilitate the strength, but if the matter be too little, and the strength great, you may purge all the humour at once; if the strength be weake, and many, or few humours are to be evacuated, tis more commodious to evacuate at severall times, then to debili∣tate the strength by one strong purge. * 1.53

Moreover you must attentively consider how the strength will endure purging, and all those things which may disco∣ver present strength as well as that is to come, and all those things are to be weighed which are numbred amongst per∣mitting things, and such as prohibit purgation: amongst which the first is the naturall propriety of body, for some having taken stronger, and greater doses are scarce moved by purgers, others are purged very easily having taken any purging medicine, therefore if the propriety of natures be not sufficiently discerned, tis better to try with gentle things, then rashly to meddle with the strongest; custome also and habit of body is to be known, and tis to be consi∣dered

whether the sick can beare strong medicines or not.

The perfect fignes of purging Hippo. * 1.54 delivers 1. Apho. 23. he saith Excretions are not to be valued by their quanti∣ty, but if they are such as they ought, and so goe out that the sick can easily endure it; whereof the first is if such as ought are evacuated. Secondly if the sick can well beare it. Thirdly thirst happens through evacuation, according to Apho. 19. Sect. 4. whosoever are purged having taken a purge, and doe not thirst, the purge hath not reached home to the marke before they doe thirst.

But if due evacuation be not made it shall be promoted sparingly by moderate exercise of the body, * 1.55 as tis in Hippo. 4. Apho. 14.15. but if it be too much, you must use sleepe and rest.

Too great evacuations are hindred by Ligatures, and rubbing of the extreame parts, by sweates, Cupping-glasses applying to the navell, astringent Topicall Medicines put to the Region of the stomach, taking of new Treakle, or old, with a graine of Opium, as also with meate, drinke, and Medicines given, that have astringent qualities.

CHAP. IX Of the place by which purgation ought to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made.

LAstly the place, * 1.56 by which purgation ought to be made the residence, or as I may say the in••lination of the hu∣mours shew, for a humour is to be evacuated through that place, through which, both in respect of the place wherein it resides, and of its owne nature, it is fit to be evacuated so that the strength will permit it, which Hippo. also admo∣nisheth 1. Apho 21. we ought to lead out humours that way which they are most inclined to goe, thither they are to be led through convenient places.

But the convenient places are those through which nature at other times rightly acting, evacuates what is offensive, and indeed there are two wayes by which purga∣tion is to be appointed, the one is that by which we vomit, the other through the paunch, * 1.57 but by vomit those humours are conveniently evacuated which are apt both in regard of the place where they reside, and in respect of their own nature to be carried to the stomach, or such as tend upward,

namely such as are generated, and reside in the stomach, as those also which are contained in the Spleen, Cavities of the Liver, and Pancreas, as also thin humours, hot and cholerick; but by the paunch those which remaine in the inferior parts and tend downwards, as also thick and cold humours, * 1.58 hence Hippo. writes 4. Apho. 6. those that are leane, and easie to vomit are to be evacuated upwards, being carefull of the Winter. As for example, those which abound with choler which tends upwards; but on the contrary those which are hard to vomit, and are somewhat thicker, and of an indif∣ferent habit of body are to be purged downward being cau∣tious in the Summer, because they more abound with phlegme.

Moreover the time of the yeare shews the humour, * 1.59 and from thence also the place of purgation, hence Hippo. 4. Apho. 4. in the Summer the superior ventricles, in the Winter the inferior are to be purged, for in the Summer yellow choler and hot humours abound, and by reason of the heate all things in our bodyes seeme to tend upwards, in Winter, phlegme rather abounds which is heavy, and by nature tends downwards.

Symptomes also shew the nature of humours, * 1.60 and whither they incline, as Hippo. teacheth 4. Apho. 17. the loathing of meat by one that is not in a feaver, the griping of the mouth of the stomach, a Vertigo with Apparitions of shadowes, and bitternesse of the mouth shew that there is need of purging upwards, all which Symptomes signifie that choler is willing to ascend to the mouth of the stomach, and the same Apho. 18. paines above the Middriffe, whoever wants purging, they signify they are to be purged upwards, but those which are beneath, downward, and the same Hippo. Apho. 20. if there be gripings, and frettings in the guts in feavers, and heavi∣nesse of the knees, and paine of the Loynes, they shew that you are to purge downward.

Yet in provoking vomit we must consider whether the sick be easie to vomit, or not, and whether the stomach or any of those parts, which may be moved by vomit and to which the humours, or at least the vapours stird by vomit may flow, be weake, and affected, for then you must ab∣staine from giving a vomit.

CHAP. X. Of the due Administration of Purgers.

AS for the houre of giving a purge, * 1.61 purging medicines are to be given at the fourth, fifth or fixth houre in the morning, but if there be any thing which impeades purgation at that time, or requires a purge to be given sooner, it may al∣so be taken at another houre, for fits hinder, which if they come in the morning, the medicine is to be exhibited in the Evening, but a violent disease forceth us to purge, since it threatens present danger, in which case purging is not to be deferred, but to be given, although in the Evening, the purge being taken, you must abstaine from meare foure, five or six hours, after the medicine is taken, those which are given to drink should be given, hot, not cold, nor luke-warme.

Some are wont to mingle purges amongst their meates, * 1.62 but they did not well, for the force of the medicine is hindred by the meate; and the meate is defiled and corrupted by the medicine, and the humours which are drawn; its con∣coction is hindred, and being uncocted, the medicine stimu∣lating, it is expeld; and tis to be feared, least some excre∣ments, mixt with the meate, should be distributed into the Liver and veines, or that the meate it selse, being not e∣nough concocted, or rather corrupted, should breed some in∣conveniency in them.

CHAP. XI. Whether it be lawfull to sleepe having taken a purge.

WHether we may sleep having taken a purge Physiti∣ans disagree, but there is need of a distinction; for if the purging medicine be gentle and benigne, having taken it we ought not to sleep, least the medicine should be carried away and overcome by nature, and its action hindred, but if the purging medicine be stronger, and requires greater heate that it may be brought into action, sleepe may be granted to the sick, yet moderate, which may only further the activity of the medicine, but not impead evacuation, but afterwards to abstaire from sleep untill perfect and sufficient purgation

be made; moreover for the same reason, after taking strong purges tis lawfull to sleepe a little while, that the malignity of the medicine may be resisted by the more plentifull heat, occasioned by sleepe, and those troubles which the medicine occasioneth may lesse be discerned in sleepe, and so the me∣dicine retayned without trouble or molestation, may right∣ly be reduced into action.

CHAP. XII. Whether it is best after purging, to use cleansing, and abstergent medicines.

TIs the custome at this day, some houres after taking purging medicines, to exhibit cleansing broathes, and such as wipe away, and that is righly done, for tis profitable before food be taken, that the remainders of the medicine, and the residue of its qualities, and if any vitious humours are drawn by the medicine, and remaine in the stomach, they are to be washed away, and drove downward, and the loathing, and disdaining of meate, which is wont to be occa∣sioned by purging, may be freed and taken away.

CHAP XIII. Of Evacuation by Ʋrine

ALthough the watry humour is principally evacuated by Urine, which remains of the drinke, * 1.63 and is mingled with the blood, and the gibbous part of the Liver, Reines, Bladder, and Vessells sub-servient to these, are principally purged by it, yet the other humours attenuated, and prin∣cipally the serous, thinner phlegme, the cholerick humour, and all the nerves and veines, may be purged by the same. But seeing those things that cause Urine cleanse the body by degrees, tis most profitable in those diseases, wherein tis convenient to evacuate matter by degrees, and sparingly; but in those where there is need of sudden excretion, and of evacuation to be made on a sudden, in such evacuation of Urine is not so helpfull.

But what the difference is of medicines provoking Urine is spoken before, Diureticks properly so called are usefull only as often as thick humours residing in the Reines, blad∣der

and parts sub-servient to them are to be evacuated, or if thick humours stay, or stick in the veines but those which move Urine only by affording aqueous matter, are conve∣nient in those diseases which are bred of thick and adust humours, for by the mixture of aqueous substances, these are rendred more fluid. * 1.64

Those things which permit, and prohibit also, are here to be considered, the strength easily endures this evacuation so that it be so administred that more profit then dammage may redound to the sick, for if either in the whole body or about the liver, many ill humours stick, there is danger, least by their plenty and thicknesse whilst they get to the straight passages, they should obstruct them; and therefore first a purge for the belly is to be appointed: Diureticks al∣so are not so convenient for hot and dry diseases, as feavers arising from hot humours, nor for such as are leane and withered, as also if the Reines, bladder, and passages and vessells appointed for this evacuation, are ulcerated, or inflamed or affected with some such like disease, * 1.65

The time of drinking medicines causing Urine is not not convenient in the beginning of a disease, since the mat∣ter is as yet more plentifull, and thicker, but in the declina∣tion when the matter is somewhat abated and thinner, but they are most profitably given before meate, and on an empty stomach.

CHAP. XIV. Of evacuation by sweate.

LAstly vitious humours also may be expelled by sweate, * 1.66 for although sweate evacuate in the first place from the circumference, and habit of the body, yet it may evacuate humours also from the rest of the body, and indeed first out of the greater veines and Arteries, and afterwards out of all other parts, namely from whence humours may be driven to the veines, and from thence to the superficies of the body, for they are not conveniently thrust out from the cavities of the stomach, guts, wombe, and such like, to the extremities of the body, and there are other wayes by which they are far more easily evacuated, * 1.67 but the watry humour is evacuated by sweate, which also may be evacuated by Urine, and so may every thin humour and cholerick, as

others also if they are attenuated, but principally sweates are profitably provoked by art in inveterate and cold dis∣cases, and diurnall distillations, in the Palsie, the Sciatica, and other paines of the joynts.

Yet you must be carefull here what the strength can per∣mit, for this is a powerfull remedie, * 1.68 and requires great strength, but principally hot and cholerick persons en∣dure sweate lesse, and not long, nor doe very hot things agree with them; much matter prohibits provocation to sweate, for tis to be feared, least being dilated to the skin, it should shut its small breathing holes, or pores, and so either generate, or increase putrifaction.

As for how much, * 1.69 we must be carefull that we doe not over much provoke sweate, for sweate, if it be too much, weak∣ens the strength exceedingly, resolves the body, and makes it leane, wherefore tis more commodious to cause moderate sweates often, then to debilitate the strength with one that exceeds measure.

But the fit time for provoking sweates is the beginning of a disease, but after universall purging of the body, * 1.70 and in the declination of a disease, but the particular time, when the meate is concocted, and in the declination of diseases, in those which have paroxismes.

But medicines provoking sweate are especially to be ex∣hibited with profit in pestilentiall diseases and in all ma∣lignant matter, by which the malignant matter, * 1.71 the pesti∣lent and venemous matter to the great benefit to the sick is driven from the internall parts, and those that are next the heart to the extremities of the body, and is evacuated by sweate. But Sudorisiques, which are given in such dis∣eases, ought to be of the number of those that resist poyson, that they may together infringe and debilitate the venome. In Administring of which, there is no need of all those rules or observations, which are necessary to be observed in provoking sweates in other diseases, but presently in the be∣ginning of a disease those Sudorifique resisters of poyson are to be given, neither is too much debilitating of strength to be feared.

CHAP. XV. Of particular Evacuations.

AS for particular Evacuations, * 1.72 if any vitious humours are collected in the braine, it may be evacuated two wayes, by the Nose, and the Palate.

By the Nose, first Errhines call out phlegme, which is spread about the braine, and filmes that cover it, and stirs up its faculty that it may strive to cast out super fluous hu∣mours.

Moreover sternutatories, * 1.73 which are stronger, and irritate the braine, and by the force thereof humours which lye dee∣per may be cast forth, of both of these this in generall is to be noted, that such remedies are not to be used, unlesse uni∣versalls have preceded, and that the whole body be purged, but or the matter and forme of Errhines, and those things that cause sneezing, see before part the 1. Sect. 1. Chap. 18. and hereafter part the 3 d. Sect. 3. Chap 30.

But those things which evacuate by the Palate, * 1.74 are cal∣led Apophlegmatismes, and purge the more inward cavities and ventricles of the braine, they are not conveniently gi∣ven to those, the inward part of whose mouth, throate, gullet or Larynx is exulcerated, and such as are obnoxious at other times to distillations to the Chops and breast.

Those which purge the Lungs are called expectorating things, * 1.75 and because humours cannot cast out from the lungs through the Wind pipe, without a cough they are called Becchica of which kind for the most part are Arteriacks i.e. medicines for Rhemes all of them, especially those which cleanse, cut, or any way prepare the matter for expulsion, but that humours may the more easily be evacuated by cough, their consistence ought to be indifferent, neither too thin, nor too thick, but only so thick that they may be car∣ried upward by Aire; not so viscide, as to stick in the mouth of the Lungs, and therefore if the humours are vis∣cide they are to be moistned and cleansed with sowre things but if too thin, to be somewhat thickned.

The stomach is evacuated by vomit or by the paunch, * 1.76 the guts with glisters, and medicines purging the belly; the cavities of the liver, through the belly; the gibbous parts, by urine; the reines, and urinary passages, by urine, the wombe by the cources. Of which tis now spoken in univer∣sall evacuation.

CHAP. XVI. Of the abating abundance of blood with Leaches, Cupping-glasses, Scarrifications &c.

THe other fault amongst morbifique causes is quantity and the common Indication which is taken from hence that that which aboundeth may be deminuished, * 1.77 and that which is diminuished, may be increased, but since nothing can be said to abound, unlesse that at other times it be na∣turally present; but in the body blood only and such ex∣crements are contained which proceed from nature; blood and naturall excrements in this second manner may be the causes of diseases, as also milke and seed, and moreover the spirits and solid parts of the body, all which if they are defi∣cient in quantity, ought to be increased, but if they exceed are to be deminuished; naturall excrements are seldome de∣sicient in quantity, but they often exceed; but since the same reason is of evacuating naturall excrements, which there is of the humours, in their kind preternaturall, here only we will speak of taking away of blood when it abounds.

Therefore if Plethory, be present and the blood abound, * 1.78 the blood is to be diminuished, and that which aboundeth to be taken away, and too great plenty of blood indicates diminution of the same.

But concerning the manner how we abate the blood, * 1.79 some performe it more strongly, others more weakly; fri∣cations, Sweates, Bathes, Exercise, Fastings performe it more weakely; Leaches, opening of the Hemethodes, pro∣vocation of courses, Cupping-glasles, and Scarrifications performe it more strongly; but the most generous, and powerfull remedie here, is opening of a veine.

Frications, sweates, Bathes, and Exercises, they diminu∣ish the blood one way, because they stir up the heate in the body, which dissolves and dissipates the substance of our bodyes.

But fasting doth not evacuate by its selfe, * 1.80 but by reason that it takes away humours, and diminuisheth the body, be∣cause it puts nothing in the stead of that which is consum∣ed by heate, and denyes necessary aliment to the bo∣dy; but because fasting evacuates the whole body equally, tis then requisite when the humour abounding

doth abound not in one part but in the whole body; yet shorter fasting first evacuates humours out of the sto∣mach and about the stomach; but because fasting evacu∣ates by degrees it is not profitable, nor sufficient for an in∣dication, when plenitude is suddenly to be abated. But tis endured when the strength is powerfull, to which all other things, which prohibit fasting are to be referred, as tem∣perature of body, hot and dry, hot and moist, a thin habit of body, griping or biting in the Orifice of the stomach, vomiting, flux of the belly.

Leaches by opening the mouths of veines, * 1.81 and sucking blood, evacuate blood by themselves, and sensibly, yet by little, and little, in which respect they may diminuish the plenitude of the whole body and helpe diseases of many parts to which they are applyed, and evacuate, sometimes a greater, sometimes a lesser quantity of blood, as they are applyed to a greater, or lesser veine, in the application therefore of them, you are to observe, whether they are pla∣ced for the evacuation of the whole body, or for a disease of some private part, for if they are applyed for the evacua∣tion of the whole, they are to be put to the great and pro∣minent veines, in the Legs and Armes or Hemerhodes, yet in women that are with child, they must be applyed on∣ly to the Armes; but in regard of peculiar diseases they are to be applyed to divers parts, as this or that part is affec∣ted.

The Hemerhodes if they use to flow at other times, * 1.82 the opening of them may be instead of breathing a veine, but otherwise the Physitian in opening of them shall labour with little profit, unlesse happily they are opened by leaches putting to them; but since the Hemerhodes are twofold, externall and internall, the externall are opened to abate a Plethory, as also for diseases of the Reines, Wombe, Back, Hips, and other diseases arising from the hollow veine with profit; as in diseases which proceed from the Hypocon∣dries, the Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, the internall may be conveniently opened; but the externall are opened with frications, the leaves of a Fig, course rags, Leaches applyed, the juice of an Onion, the juice of Century, or Sow-bread, the Gall of a Hog, or Bullock, or with rags wet in these, but the internall with suppositers and sharpe Glisters.

The courses whilst they flow exacuate also and diminish perfluour blood; * 1.83 but nature appointed that flux, which

if it be supprest is to be opened; in which businesse this is to be observed, that in provoking them, the Physitian should make use of that time, when at other times they use to flow, for if he should endeavour it at another time, he looses his labour.

Cuppings, which Scarrification also, * 1.84 but by die, evacuating blood by themselves, and sensibly, but by degrees; for which reason they are something applyed for good reasons, sometimes instead of opening a veine; if they are applyed with good reason, they are indicated from no great fault of the blood. But when they are used in∣stead of Phlebotomie they are applyed for some great fault in the blood, which indeed requires the breathing of a veine, which notwithstanding weak strength will not endure; but Cupping-glasses properly evacuate cutaneous blood, yet because some of the blood which comes out of the skin is powred into the capillary veines from the great veines, in this respect also they are said to evacuate the whole body: but if that evacuation be more sparing it doth not reach the whole. And when Cupping-glasses evacuate by drawing, the use of them is most profitable if any revulsion be requi∣red at the same time: as for the place of applycation, if they are applyed in respect of the whole, they should be put to the inferior parts; if in respect of any part, then to that part which requires this remedie; yet in those that are pregnant, they are not to be exhibited to the inferior parts but rather to the Armes.

Lastly simple scarification also without cupping, * 1.85 may eva∣cuate blood; which truly is used sometimes instead of o∣pening a veine; and tis appointed in the Legs especially, by which meanes it may not only evacuate but also re-vell from the head, and superior parts, yet sometimes in the Arme and back also, but in its proper use tis exhibited, when there is a purpose to evacuate only out of some one part, but especially when we would evacuate some acrid, ma∣lignant, and venemous matter, least being retained, it should cast the sick into danger, which is used also in a Gangrene, and by the ancients in a callous Ulcer.

CHAP XVII. Of opening a veine.

BUt the most efficacious remedie for evacuation of blood is the breathing of a veine, which neverthelesse hath o∣ther uses, * 1.86 whereof we will here speake together, for tis a que∣stion of great moment when the breathing of a veine, or eva∣cuation of blood by opening of a veine is to be appointed, where first this is to be noted, that the opening o•• a veine is not some one Indicate, but the matter of remedie which is profitable in many Indicates.

There are two generall benefits in the opening of a veine, * 1.87 to evacuate, blood, and by accident, whilst it draws away the blood, the vehicle of heate, to coole; againe in evacuating it performes two things, for it both takes blood out of the body, and allwayes the cource, and violence of humours in the veines; first the way it both takes away the ill blood, and only diminuisheth it offending in quantity, but the latter way it can revell, and draw back and derive the blood flowne into a part, and the blood which is flowne in whilst it is yet moveable, can draw it to the parts neere thereunto; so that the opening of a veine may wholy per∣forme five things, namely to evacuate corrupt blood, to diminuish blood, to revell, derive, and refrigerate.

For first the vitious and putrifying blood may be eva∣cuated by opening of a veine, * 1.88 as that which is contained in veines, and they being opened it flowes out, and indeed tis most profitably appointed in beginning of diseases, since nature for the most part in feavers use to drive no small portion of the peccant matter to the extreames, and those greater veines under the skin.

Secondly, breathing a veine is an excellent remedie to diminish the blood. * 1.89

Thirdly, the opening of a veine is used for revulsion, for a veine being opened, the violence of the blood is turned and drawne back to the contrary part, and therefore tis a very efficacious remedie to stop flowings of humours, con∣tained in the veines.

Fourthly, the opening of a veine may derive the blood, which newly flowed into the part, * 1.90 and is not yet setled there, but as yet fluid; a veine being opened nigh at hand it may, I say drive the blood to a neighbouring part.

Fifthly, * 1.91 opening of a veine cooles by accident, but if dis∣temper

only be present, which may be corrected by other re∣medies, and no other fault of the blood be joyned with it which requires breathing of a veine also, cooling medicines are ordered to be used; but if the blood be so exceeding hot that it requires sudden refrigeration, which other medicines perchance cannot performe, or some other fault of the blood be joyned, which by the same means, opening of a veine may helpe, for this cause also you may open a veine.

From whence it is manifest, * 1.92 that the breathing fo a veine may be profitable, whilst the blood either putrifyes, and is corrupted, or offends in quantity, or flowes to any part, with violence, or oppresseth a part, or burnes vehemently.

Yet it is not allwayes necessary to open a veine when these ••inconveniences are present, since we can take them away by other meanes, but then only breathing a veine is conveni∣••ent, when there is a great corruption of the blood, and it re∣quires sudden releasing, as being that which is the best and most efficacious remedy amongst the evacuations of blood, then presently blood may be evacuated.

In short, * 1.93 the Indicant to which by mediation of the Indi∣cate, as being the matter of helpe, opening of a veine a∣grees, it is a vehement fault of the flowing blood, which is corrupted either in its substance, or it offends in quantity, or rusheth into some part, or oppresseth some part, or growes exceeding hot; yet besides these principle faults, the blood also sometimes, as a cause without which it cannot, and as adjuvant, it may offend; and then also it requires opening of a veine.

Yet we may not allwayes open a veine when these Indi∣cants are present, * 1.94 for since the opening of a veine evacu∣ates blood together, and also exhausteth somewhat of the spirits, and so debilitates the strength, if the strength be great, it permits opening of a veine, if it be weake it pro∣hibits it, and regard is to be had here not only of the pre∣sent, but of the future strength, for when the strength is weake, either oppressed with store of humours, or loosed, in the latter imbecility only breathing of a veine is prohibi∣ted, but in the former it is profitable.

All other things which are said to permit, or prohibit the breathing of a veine, besides strength, they doe it only in this respect, namely as they are the tokens or signes of strength, or debility of nature, as Age, which flourishing admits of opening a veine, Child-hood and old Age prohibit

the same, * 1.95 the Sex, as to women with child, especially in the last monthes, the opening of a veine is prohibited; unlesse some disease inforce it and there be store of blood, proper∣ty of nature, custome, habit of body, course of life, constitu∣tion of Aire, some Symptomes, as large evacuations, watch∣ings and such like, which dissipate the spirits, and substance of our bodyes, and loosen our strength, unlesse they are ta∣ken away by opening of a veine. * 1.96

The quantity of letting blood is indicated from the great∣nesse of the fault depending on the blood, and according as that hath greater or lesse force, so blood is to be evacuated more largely, or sparingly, yet the strength, as also things permitting are here to be weighed, an•• all those things, which are the signes of strength, and weaknesse; and tis to be considered whether the strength will beare that evacua∣tion, which the magnitude of the disease requires.

But whether the quantity of blood which is indicated be to be taken away at once, or severall times, the great∣nesse of the disease, and the strength doe shew; in a most violent evil••, tis convenient to evacuate the blood at once, in milder at severall times; also strong bodyes will beare one large evacuation of blood, but if they are weake, tis better to doe it at severall times.

The presence of those Indicants which serve for the let∣ting blood, * 1.97 shews the time of letting blood, and the ab∣sence of the prohibiting; therefore the most convenient time of letting blood for the most part is the beginning of a disease, yet it is not to be appointed whilst crude juice, and unconcocted meates are in the first passages, and in diseases wherein there are certaine intermissions, and wherein the fits returne at certaine times, the time when the fit is, is not convenient for letting blood, but the time of intermission is more commodious, or if that be too short, the declination of the fit, or the abating of a disease.

As for the houre, * 1.98 if a disease that is violent, provokes or urgeth, in what houre of the day soever, or even at mid∣night, no preparation being made before, and no delay being made, you may open a veine, at other times, one houre or two after sleep is most convenient.

But where, * 1.99 or the place, and veine to be opened, al∣though what veines soever be opened it may evacuate the whole body, yet the larger performe this best, and regard is to be had, to the fountaine of blood, and the rise of the

evil, which are principally the liver and spleen, the veines therefore in the right or left cubit are to be opened, accor∣ding as the disease requires, the internall, externall, or middle, and especially the internall, but what veines are to be opened for Revulsion and Derivation sake shall be shewne in there proper place.

CHAP. XVIII. Of Revulsion.

AS for the third fault of humours, * 1.100 namely when hu∣mours recede from their naturall state in respect of qualities, how that is to be amended, from those things which were spoken before of the preparation of humours, and which shall be spoken hereafter of curing of diseases of intemperature, is manifest enough.

But the error in motion is various, * 1.101 and humours decline from their naturall state, if either they are not rightly mo∣ved, that is, when they are moved thither whither they ought not, that is, when they ought to be quiet according to the Law of nature, they are moved at that time; or else are not moved, when they should be moved; or are moved in parts or thither where they ought not to be moved; the first error is called the restraining motion, the second the inciting, the third the helping, the fourth the correcting, and averting to another place.

First therefore humours as they offend in motion afford one indication only, of stopping of motion, * 1.102 of staying the vio∣lence of a humour, or an averting of a humour from a place, to which it flowes contrary to nature, unlesse hap∣pily nature unburthens it selfe conveniently by that meanes, or the body puts away humours that trouble it to some ignoble part of it, but we may satisfy this indication severall wayes, namely if either we take away those things from the humour, which are necessary for motion, or whe∣ther we draw back the same by force, namely, if out of what is thin and fluid we make it thick, if we stop the passages to it, and straighten, and make narrow the wayes, through which it ought to flow, lastly if we prohibit its comming, and bind the passages which are in the part that it may not be conveniently received, but when we cannot hinder these often, or it is sufficient to stay a flux, we call back and re∣tract

those humours by force: Humours are drawn back either by reason of vacuity, or heat, or paine: By reason of vacuity, or rather evacuation humours are drawn back, which power out and evacuate them out the body through other parts, as the opening of a veine, scarrifications, lea∣ches, flowing of courses, Hemmerodes, purging by the Paunch, vomitings, urines, sweats,: By heat and paine they are drawn back, by those things which have power of inciting heat and paine, or have power of performing them both, as are frications, ligatures, lotions, fomentations, ve∣sicatories, causticks, and such like.

An so, * 1.103 although there is one Indicant, namely a fault of the humours in motion, so there is one Indicate, namely, remedy hindring motion, and averting the humour from the part to which it flowes, yet the manners of performing these are various, namely foure, Revulsion, Derivation, Interception, and repulsion.

Revulsion, * 1.104 which the Greeks cal Antispasis, is an averting of a humour flowing into some part, into the contrary; But humours are Revelled, not those which are in the affect∣ed part (for these are properly evacuated out of the part affected, * 1.105 or nigh thereunto) but they are such as do flow to some part, or are about to flow. But since this is com∣mon to every Revulsion, that a contrary motion may be occasioned for the flowing humour, and may move it to a part, not to that whither it tends, but to a contrary; hence it followes, that Revulsion ought not to be to the next, but to the remote and opposite parts, and principally accord∣ing to length, and breadth. As for the other oppositions some observe them also, whilest they make a twofold Re∣vulsion, the one which is simple and absolutely such, or a universall Revulsion as it is called, * 1.106 which observes con∣trariety in respect of the whol body, & in it regards contra∣ry termes, from whencesoever the humours flow, as when we revell from the head to the leggs and feet. * 1.107 But there is another particular Revulsion, or locall, which in one member onely regards contrary termes and opposition of the parts of the same member, and in the same member revels from the anterior parts to the posterior, or from the hinder to the former parts: Which nevertheless scarce de∣serve, the name of a Revulsion: And this former in the be∣ginning of diseases, when the body is as yet very full, is most proper: But the latter is not convenient in the be∣ginning

of diseases; also whereas in revulsion the flowing humour ought to be drawne to the contrary part is manifest, flowings are to be drawn back together to the beginning; hence when humours flow from the whole body, or the be∣ginnings of fluxes lye hid, the revulsion is fitly made to the remote parts, but when the beginning of the flux is cer∣taine, to that the flux is to be re-called, although it be not the remotest part.

In particular, as for the revulsion by opening of a veine, * 1.108 although that also is to be appointed in a distant, and re∣mote place, yet not simply the most remote part is to be chosen for the opening of a veine, but that part which is exactly on the contrary, or which also hath communion of veines joyned to it, or Euthyory which is a certaine di∣rection of vessells, by which the reduction of humours may conveniently be made, and may easily flow from one part into another, and therefore veines, which are open for re∣vulsion sake, rather communicate with the part sending, then receiving, as it is necessary; so we recall blood flowing to the place from whence it begins, and we cause a contra∣ry motion for it; namely we ought here to choose veines which are remote to the part affected, and have communi∣on with the part sending, which are directly opposite to the part affected, either according to longitude, or latitude, hence an inferior part being affected, a veine in the Arme of the same side, a superior part being affected a veine in the Arme of the contrary side, the liver affected the interior veine of the right cubit is to be opened.

As for the Administration of a Revulsion, * 1.109 the quantity of revulsion answers to the quantity of the flux, and strength tollerating, but that is greater which is made with the let∣ting out of a humour, then that which is without it, and there are certaine degrees and differences of magnitude in every kind, every one whereof answers to the certaine error in the motion of the peccant humour.

As for the time of flowing since revulsion ought to be of humours flowing, tis principally to be administred, * 1.110 when the flux begins, but if the flux be more lasting, it ought to be exhibited after the beginning also; but if the flux be lesse so that it may be stopt by derivation, or repulsion, there is no need of revulsion.

The places, to which revulsorie remedies are applyed, * 1.111 are various, according to the variety of the parts affected.

CHAP. XIX Of Derivation.

DErivation regards that matter which newly flowes in∣to the part affected, * 1.112 but as yet is not spred abroad in∣to the space of the part without theveines; but as yet it flowes in its veines, and it is an averting or drawing away of the humour offending the part, to the adjacent parts, and an evacuaion of it through the same, and in this evacuation, namely that which is made by opening of a veine, the com∣munion of the veines with the part affected is observed, wher∣of mention is so often made by Authors; also if the matter in the body be plentifull, derivation is not to be appointed unlesse that plenitude be first abated.

The quantity of Derivation of a humour which flowes into the part, * 1.113 answers to the quantity which so flowes, and to the strength of the sick, but in letting of blood the mea∣sure, and limits of Derivation in inflamations Hippo, com∣mands us to learne by the changing of the colour: the second of the reason of dyet in ac. T. 10. so that the strength will beare it.

The convenient time of Derivation is when the matter flowes into the part, * 1.114 and the store of matter is taken away, and the flux is abated, yet it ought to be performed before the matter besme are the part.

The scituation of the part shews the place; * 1.115 which in generall ought to be neere the part affected, and to commu∣nicate with the passages.

CHAP. XX. Of Repulsion.

REpelling things drive away the humour flowing, * 1.116 to an∣other place, and hinders its comming to the part affect∣ed, and that which newly hath flowne, they free the part from by pressing of it out

But you may not exhibit Repelling things in all fluxes, * 1.117 for first they are not to be given in ignoble parts; Second∣ly, when the flux is nigh to a principall part, least the mat∣ter repulsed be carried to the principall parts. Thirdly, to parts placed too deep. Fourthly, if the matter be malig∣nant,

and venemous. Fifthly, when a wound is inflicted by the stroake, or biting of a venemous Creature. Sixtly, if nature rightly acting, drives any matter into a part cri∣tically. Seventhly, if the humour be much, and the body as yet full. Eightly, if the humour be fixed in the part. Ninthly, if there be vehement paine.

The most convenient time for Administration of repel∣ling things, is the beginning of the flux; * 1.118 but when the beginning proceeds towards the augmentation, Digerents are to be mixed.

But since as is said before, some repelling medicines are cold and moist, others cold and dry, and astringent, those doe best agree when the humour shall be thin, and little, and is in the extremities of the body, or when fluctuations happen by reason of two great heate of the parts, or when they have great heat adjoyned, or if the paine be vehement, but these when paine doth not so provoke, and fluctuations are made through the debility of the parts.

The place to which repellents are to be exhibited is the same from whence we ought to repell. * 1.119

CHAP. XXI. Of Interceptings.

SUch things as doe intercept, * 1.120 for the most part agree with those things that doe repell, and they differ only in re∣spect of place from them; for repellents are exhibited to the part affected; but intercipients to the wayes through which the humour flowes; such like are Defensitives, com∣monly so called, which being endued with a cold faculty, dry, earthly and astringent, stop the comming of the hu∣mours in their passages, and hinder them that they cannot come to the part affected, and since some are more power∣full, others more mild, the strongest are to be used in a grosser habit of body, when the vessells are wider, and the condition of the Aire hotter, which loosens, and dilates the passages, and that there is greater violence of the hu∣mour flowing; if the matter be otherwise, the milder are to be applyed.

But they are most fitly applyed to places void of flesh wherein the vessells are more evident, and open. * 1.121

Tis contrary to the error of humours in motion, * 1.122 when those things which ought to be moved, are not moved at all, as when the months, Hemerhodes, or other accustomed Evacuations are supprest, for then the humours which lye still are to be attenuated, and heated, and the passages to be relaxed, and the straightnesse to be taken away, of which in their place, which if they helpe not, we must come to those things, which can stir up humours by violence, which we have accounted before, namely which drawe humours into some part, by reason of heate, paine, and vacuity.

CHAP. XXII. Of discussing.

THe last fault of the humours, * 1.123 is according to the place where, namely when some humours abide in some part where they ought not, the humours therefore which cleave to that part are to be taken away, which is done either in∣sensibly, by the secret pores, or by Evaporating, whilst the humour being dissolved into vapours is discussed, or the hu∣mour is plainly evacuated and under the forme of a humour is drawn our.

Those which take away the humour by insensible tran∣spiration, * 1.124 are called Discutients, Resolvents, and Dige∣rents; but they are most profitably administred, when the humour is thin, sticking under a soft skin, to which the force of the discussing medicines may penetrate; for you may not use Diaphoreticks if there be plenitude in the bo∣dy, but rather must evacuate the body first,

The most convenient time for exhibiting Discutients is the state, * 1.125 and the declination at hand, yet in the augmen∣tation they may be used, but not alone, but mixt with such as repell.

But since some Diaphoretick medicines are stronger, and hotter, some not such, we use the gentlest when the matter is in the superficies of the body, the part affected soft and loose, the stronger are given when the matter is scituated in a deeper place, under a thick and grosse skin, and it selfe is colder and thicker.

CHAP. XXIII. Of Softning and Ripening of matter.

EMollients are necessary as often as the matter is thick, * 1.126 and hard; for as often as the matter is thick and hard∣ned, in vaine we exhibit Diaphoreticks, since that such mat∣ter cannot be discussed by them, but they are forced to be softned; of Emollient medicines tis spoken before.

Yet if the matter cannot be dissolved, and discussed, * 1.127 tis to be turned into quitture, whereof if the Physitian see that the humour cannot be discussed by Evaporation through pores, in this part he ought to helpe nature, and to exhibit ripening medicines, but if there be hope that the humours may be discussed, he must abstaine from suppuration, tis to be noted also that all humours cannot equally and aright be turned into purulent matter; blood indeed is easily turn∣ed into quitture, but in diseases arising from choler, and Melancholy suppuratives, or ripening medicines are scarce to be exhibited without danger, since by the use of these, those humours often times do so degenerate, and are cor∣rupted, that they may excite a cancer, and other ma∣lignant ulcers.

Neither are they safely administred to every place; In the internall parts suppuration is not rashly to be procu∣red; amongst the externall parts, suppuratives are not safely used about the joynts.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Me∣thod of healing.
• * 1.2

  Indication what.
• * 1.3

  Experience what.
• * 1.4

  Analo∣gisme.
• * 1.5

  Differences of Indica∣tions.
• * 1.6

  Genericall
• * 1.7

  Subalter∣nate. Specificall.
• * 1.8

  Profitable.
• * 1.9

  Ʋnprofita∣ble.
• * 1.10

  Inartifici∣all.
• * 1.11

  Artificiall.
• * 1.12

  Curatory, preservato∣ry, vitall.
• * 1.13

  An Indi∣cant. What.
• * 1.14

  What is required in a true Indi∣cant.
• * 1.15

  The diffe∣rences of Iudicants.
• * 1.16

  An indi∣cant cura∣tory. Preserva∣tory. An urgent Symptome.
• * 1.17

  A vitall Indicant.
• * 1.18

  Indicants lesse pro∣perly so called.
• * 1.19

  Co-indi∣cants.
• * 1.20

  Repug∣nants.
• * 1.21

  Correpug∣nants. Permit∣tents.
• * 1.22

  An Indi∣cate.
• * 1.23

  Division of an Indi∣cate.
• * 1.24

  What is to be done.
• * 1.25

  Ʋse and right ad∣ministra∣tion.
• * 1.26

  Quantity whence In∣dicated.
• * 1.27

  Time.
• * 1.28

  Order of doing.
• * 1.29

  Manner.
• * 1.30

  How the matter me∣dicinall answering to the Indi∣cate may be found out.
• * 1.31

  Quantity of matter.
• * 1.32

  Time.
• * 1.33

  Manner.
• * 1.34

  Causes what they shew.
• * 1.35

  What things shew in their whole nature pre∣ternatural.
• * 1.36

  What shews when to purge.
• * 1.37

  Ʋniversall evacua∣tion.
• * 1.38

  Particular.
• * 1.39

  Lenitives.
• * 1.40

  Purges properly so called.
• * 1.41

  Permission of purga∣tion.
• * 1.42

  Time of purging.
• * 1.43

  Purging is the best in the decli∣nation of a disease.
• * 1.44

  Sometimes you may purge in the begin∣ning.
• * 1.45

  Concoction and prepa∣ration of humours differ. Concoction of humours the work of nature.
• * 1.46

  Prepara∣tion of hu∣mourst wo∣fold. Digestion.
• * 1.47

  The first prepation of humours.
• * 1.48

  Phlegme how to be prepared. Choler.
• * 1.49

  Melancho∣ly.
• * 1.50

  Another preparation of hu∣mours.
• * 1.51

  How much to purge.
• * 1.52

  Whether the peccant humours are to be evacuated at once or severall times.
• * 1.53

  Permit∣tents and Probibents.
• * 1.54

  Signes of perfect purgation.
• * 1.55

  More s••a∣ring purga∣tion how to be provok∣ed. Overmuch how to be hindred.
• * 1.56

  What shew the part to be purged.
• * 1.57

  By vomit.
• * 1.58

  By the paunch.
• * 1.59

  Time of the yeare.
• * 1.60

  Symp∣tomes.
• * 1.61

  Particular time.
• * 1.62

  Whether purgers may be mixt with meate.
• * 1.63

  Evacua∣tion by Urine.
• * 1.64

  Permit∣tenes and Prohibients.
• * 1.65

  Time.
• * 1.66

  Sweate whence it evacuates.
• * 1.67

  What hu∣mours are evacuated by sweate.
• * 1.68

  Things permitting.
• * 1.69

  How much.
• * 1.70

  When.
• * 1.71

  In what diseases.
• * 1.72

  Particular evacuation of the braine. Errhines.
• * 1.73

  Sneezing.
• * 1.74

  Apophleg∣matismes.
• * 1.75

  Purging the breast.
• * 1.76

  Things purging sty∣mach, Li∣ver, Reines, Wombe.
• * 1.77

  What shews the fault con∣cerning quantity. What offends in quantity.
• * 1.78

  Plethory what it shews.
• * 1.79

  The man∣ner of a∣bating blood.
• * 1.80

  Fasting.
• * 1.81

  Leaches.
• * 1.82

  Hemer∣hodes.
• * 1.83

  Courses.
• * 1.84

  Cupping with scar∣risying.
• * 1.85

  Scarrifica∣tion.
• * 1.86

  What indi∣cates a breathing of a veine.
• * 1.87

  The use of opening a veine.
• * 1.88

  Putred blood eva∣cuated by the opening of a veine.
• * 1.89

  The cut∣ting of a vtine de∣vinuisheth blood and revels.
• * 1.90

  It derives.
• * 1.91

  Cooles.
• * 1.92

  For which Indicants cutting of a veine serves.
• * 1.93

  The ade∣quate In∣dicant of cutting a veine.
• * 1.94

  Things per∣mitting opening a veine.
• * 1.95

  Se••.
• * 1.96

  How much blood to be evacuated.
• * 1.97

  Time.
• * 1.98

  Houre.
• * 1.99

  What veines to be opened.
• * 1.100

  Default of humours according to quali∣ties.
• * 1.101

  In motion.
• * 1.102

  Humours offending in motion what they indicate.
• * 1.103

  How many waies the motion of humors may be hindered
• * 1.104

  Revulsion, what.
• * 1.105

  Revulsion ought not to be to the next.
• * 1.106

  Universall.
• * 1.107

  Particular.
• * 1.108

  Revulsion by opening a veine.
• * 1.109

  The right Administ∣ration of revulsion.
• * 1.110

  The time.
• * 1.111

  Place.
• * 1.112

  Derivation what.
• * 1.113

  Quantity.
• * 1.114

  Time.
• * 1.115

  Place.
• * 1.116

  Repelling:
• * 1.117

  Repellents not conve∣nient ser fluxes.
• * 1.118

  Time.
• * 1.119

  Place.
• * 1.120

  Intercipi∣ents.
• * 1.121

  Place.
• * 1.122

  Motion of humours taken a∣way.
• * 1.123

  Humours offending in any part.
• * 1.124

  Discutients in what diseases conveni∣ent.
• * 1.125

  Time.
• * 1.126

  Emollients.
• * 1.127

  Suppura∣tives.