Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures.

PART 1. Of the Materialls for Cure.

SECT. I. Of Medicines.

CHAP. I. What a Medicine is.

THere remains the last part of Physick which is the Therapeuticall, which restores men that are fallen into diseases to their former health, and expells those diseases from mens bodyes which torment them, but that the Physitian may obtaine this end, it is necessary that he be in∣structed in two things, first a Method whereby he may find those things that are helpfull by Indications, secondly In∣struments or Materialls for cure, whereby he may performe that which he found out by Indications.

The matter fit for cure is properly reduced to three heads, * 1.1 dyet, manuall operation, and making up of Medicines.

First you are to be admonished that you are to distin∣guish cures, from the materialls used in curing, for cure is that whereby instruction is given from the Indicant to performe or act something, and is alwayes one, as to heate or make hot, but the Matter of helpe is that whereby that is per∣formed by the Physitian which the Indicant commands,

which may be manifold, as whilst you are to heat, it may be done with Pepper, Ginger, Wormewood. &c.

But since that of Dieteticall matter is spoken suffici∣ently in the former book, it remaines that wee speake of Me∣dicines, * 1.2 and Manual operation, and first as for Medicines, by amedicine wee understand every thing that is a different thing from nature, which may alter our bodies and reduce them to a naturall state from a preternaturall. In which re∣spect it differs from aliment and Poyson, for Aliment, as it is aliment, is onely that which increaseth the substance, or it re∣newes and increaseth our bodies; a Medicince alters, but doth not repaire, but if any thing can together nourish and alter our bodies, tis alimentall Medicine, or medicinall aliment; but poysons neither nourish, nor alter our bodies, but are de∣stroyers of our bodies, and have power to corrupt them.

CHAP. II. Of the faculties of Medicines in generall.

MEdicines are two-fold, * 1.3 some are simple, other com∣pound; a simple is that which is such by nature onely, and hath nothing mixt with it by art; compound are when more naturall things are mingled by art into the forme of one medicine.

Simple Medicines are taken from Plants, * 1.4 Animalls, Mine∣ralls; and Plants are either taken whole or their parts, Roots, Woods, Piths, Barkes, Leaves, and Branches, Flowers, Seeds, Fruits, Juices, Gumms, Rosins, Oiles, and Liquors, as Wine.

Animals also are used whole, * 1.5 or their parts, as Harts-Horn, Marrow, Flesh, or those things that are generated in them, as Milke, Eggs, or their workes, as Hony, Wax, or their excrements as Gall, Urine.

Under Mineralls are comprehended not onely those things which are properly called Mineralls, * 1.6 Vitriall, Antimo∣ny, Sulphure, and Mettalls, and the excrements, but also di∣vers kinds of earths, as Uermillion, Irish Slat, Bole-Armi∣nack, as also all Stones and Gemms, also divers kinds of Salts, and concreted juices in the earth, of which Naptha is one, also bathing-waters, in which ranke Manna may be put, if there be no other place fit for it.

The faculties are various, of so many different things, * 1.7 and from hence the divisions of Medicines are various, for first, some Medicines are said to bee such in action, others in power to be such; things as are said to be such in action, which in them containe that which they are said to be, the act being as it were present, and absolved, and so the operation is in a readinesse, and can affect our bodies at the first touch, with that quality wherewith they are en∣dued: so Water, and Ice, are cold in action, because after what manner soever they are applyed to a body, they can pre∣sently coole the same; but those things are such in potentia, * 1.8 whose force is not perceived at the first touch, but lyeth hid and as it were asleep, nor doth it discover it selfe by action, untill it be some way changed by our heat and be burnt, and reduced into action, so Pepper, and Wine, although to the touch they are cold, yet neverthelesse they heate.

But although the force of Medicines are various, * 1.9 yet they may conveniently be divided into manifest and occult; those are called manifest which affect our senses, or which excite qualities in the patient which are discerned by our senses, and whereof a manifest cause may be rendred.

But occult are such which doe not produce qualities in a Patient, obvious to sence, * 1.10 but performe something by a hid∣den propriety, to wit, they purge a certaine humor, they strengthen a certaine member, they resist poyson, or being hung or carried externally worke upon the body, the mani∣fest causes whereof cannot be explained, and no other reason can be given, then that such a power or force is in them, by a peculiar propriety of nature, although there are some who re∣ject hidden qualities, yet I. C. Scaliger rightly thinks that tis a high peice of impudence to reduce all things to manifest qualities, in the 218. of his exercises Sect. 8. and those which endeavour this, bring foolish and ridiculous reasons, or deny those things which are confirmed by experience; and these fa∣culties and actions are different from those in their whole kinde as also from others, which are spoken of before in the 2. Booke 2. Part. Cap. 12. both from hence in the first place, because the strength of these qualities, are far greater then theirs of the primary qualities, and their efficacy is great oftentimes in the smallest body.

But both of them, * 1.11 the manifest and occult fa∣culties and actions of Medicines are various, of ma∣nifest qualities some are primary, others secondary,

others of a third kind; * 1.12 the first have power of heating, coo∣ling, moistning and drying; the second to soften, to harden, condense, rarify, resolve, attenuate, thicken, to draw, to re∣pel; the third, to provoke Urine, to cause and stay courses, to move vomit, generate flesh, and to breake stones, although the power of breaking stones may more fittly be attributed to the propriety of the whole substance, as beneath Cap. 17. shall be shewne.

Occult are of three kindes, for either they evacuate a cer∣taine humour by a peculiar faculty, or they have a sympathie with a cortaine part, whence they are called cephalicks, or cardiacks, or they resist poyson.

But the faculties of all Medicines according to the chan∣ges which they make in our bodies, * 1.13 may be referred to four ranks or formes, first some belong to an inducing of a new quality, such as are those which are said to have the effica∣cies of the primary qualities, to wit heating, drying, cooling, and moistning, but because every thing that alters, cannot be safely applyed to every part, appropriated Medicines are con∣veniently joyned to every member which do alter. Moreo∣ver hitherto is to be referred those which are accounted a∣mongst the number of secondary qualities, such as soften and harden, loosening, rarify and condense, stiptick, and ob∣structing, astringent and opening, attenuating and incrassa∣ting, filling, and deterging or cleansing: lastly hereunto be∣longs, Anodunes, Stupefactives, and Hypnoticks or such as cause rest.

In the second forme are those which prevaile in causing motion, attracting and repelling; to the third forme those things are referred, which consist in the generation of a∣ny thing, ripening, generating quitture, breeding flesh, Glu∣tinating, cicatrizing, and procuring milke and sperme.

To the fourth forme are referred those things which cor∣rupt, corrode, putrify, such as cause dry crust, burning, and such as doe corrupt seed and milke.

The fift forme comprehends those things which belong to the taking away of any thing, such things as make lesse, such as purge, such as cause Vomiting, Urine, or sweats, or pro∣voke courses, expel the secondine, or send forth a dead child, such things as break and expell the Stone, Errhines, Sternuta∣tories, and Apophlegmatismes, such things as purge the breasts, and such as kill and expell Wormes.

They may be placed in the last forme which resist poyson and are the drugs against poyson.

CHAP. III. Of the first faculties of Medicines.

AS for what belongs to the first forme, * 1.14 and first for alte∣ring Medicines, some of them being compared with mans body are called temperate, which cause or bring forth no mutation in man either in coldnesie, drynesse, heat, or moisture; and these are either such simply and in all the quallities, or els in two of them only; * 1.15 but the intemperate are such as have power to change the heate or moysture of our bodies.

Moreover these qualities are divided by Physitians into certaine degrees, * 1.16 which are left to bee esteemed by their ef∣fects; the first degree is when a Medicine alters our bodies obscurely and scarce senfibly; the second is, when it mani∣festly changeth our bodies, yet without hurting, inconveni∣ency or trouble: the third degree is, when it doth not onely manifestly alter the body, but vehemently, and not without trouble, and paine, yet without corruption: the fourth degree is that which altereth the body not without paine, and that most grieviously.

To either of these degrees there are appointed certaine Latitudes, which are commonly called mansions, * 1.17 as they al∣ter more intensely or remisly, or betwixt both, which they call in the beginning, middle, and end.

The temperate are, Venus haire, Sparagus, * 1.18 Licorish Sweet Oyle, Pine-nuts, Jujubes, Figgs, Sebestens, Raysins, Dates, Gum Elemie, and Tragacanth, Calves and Goates Suet, and Hoggs Grease.

The hot in the first degree are, Marsh-mallowes, Burrage, * 1.19 Buglosse, Beets, Cabbage, Camommil, Bindweed, Agrimony, and Fumitory, Flex, Melilot, A lease that swims in Ditches without any Root, Spikenard, Wall-wort, and Coltsfoot, the flowers of Borrage, Buglosse, Bettony, Oxe-eie, or Wild Ca∣momil, Melilot Camomil, black Poplar, Arabian Staechodos, an herbe with grey downe like an old mans haire called Sene∣cio in Latin: Fruits; sweet Almonds, Chestnuts, Jujubes, Ciprus∣nuts, green Walnuts, Grapes, ripe Mulberies, sweet Apples, Fra∣grant Seeds, Coriander, Fenegreeke, Flax, Grumwell, Lu∣pines,

Sesanix rice, Rootes, Marsh-mallowes, Bares Breech, Beets, Buglosse, Licorish, Satirion, Barkes, Guaicum, Tama∣risk, Liquors, Juices, and Gummes, Sugar, Bdellium, Lada∣num, Al. 2. i. e. Others in the second degree, Gumme of ivy, the tallow of Goates, Does, Harts, fresh Butter.

Hot in the second degree, * 1.20 Worme-wood, Pimpernell, greene Dill, Angelica, Parsly, Mugwort, Bettony, Calamus Aromaticus, ground Pine, Faenugreek, St. Johns-woort, Ivy, Hopps, Bawme, Horehound, Motherwort, Sweete-ferne, Ba∣fill, common-Burnet, Maiden-weed, Poley, Rosemary, Sum∣mer or Winter Savory, Sage, Scabious, Scordium, Staecha∣dos, Feaverfew, Flowers of Night-shade, Saffron, Gilli∣flowers, or Carnations, Schaenanth, Lavender, Lupines, Bawme, Ros-mary; Fruits, as Capers, Nutmeggs, Pistack∣nutts, dried Figs, dryed Nuts; Seeds, as Dill, Parsley, Bitter∣vetch, Water Rocket, Pulse, or Vetches, Nettle seed. Roots, as Parsley, Caper-roots, Mayden-weed, common Burnet, Turneps, Zedoarie, Rosewort; Barkes, as the Barkes or Wood of Cassia, Cynamon: others in the third degree.

Frankinsence, Roots of Capers, Liquors, Gums and Ro∣sins, Wine that is new, Ladanum, Aloes, and Galbanum, Myrrh, Mastick, Frankinsence, dryed pitch, Rosin, storax; Fats, as Lions fat; Libards, Beares, Foxes.

Hot in the third degree are Mettalls, * 1.21 Flos aeris, which is that which comes from the Brasse in melting, burnt Brasse, Squama aeris or the Scaling of Brasse, Verdegrease, Dreggs of Brasse, Allum, Salt, Nitre, Brimstone, Red-vitriall; Herbes or leaves, as Sowthernewood, Asarabecca, or the chast Plant, Wake Robin, the Herbe called Hierusalem, or Ladies Rose, the herbe Ammios, dried Dill, Bayes, Dittany, Carnations, Germander, blew flower, Bastard Saffron, Century the grea∣ter and lesse, Celandine, (or Pile-wort) Calamint, Fleabane, Horsemints, Fennel, Epithymum, so called, because it growes upon Time, Juniper, Elecampane, Hyssop, Laurell, Marje∣rom, Marum an herbe cald Marjerom, Mints, Fennel flower, flowers of the wild Vine, wild Marjerom, wild Woodbine, Parsley, Sneeze-wort, Penny-royall, Oxe-stay, Rue, Savine, Wild Time, wild Mints. Al. 2. Time, trifoile, Vervaine, Net∣tles, Fl owers of Agnus-castus, Epithymum, Violets, of the wild Vine, of the wild Woodbine. Fruits, Iuniper-berries, Cloves, the fruit of Balsimum, Anacardium, that is a fruit of an Indian Tree, like a Birds heart, and the juice like blood, Pepper, Al. 4. Seeds of Ammi, and Anniseed of Hie∣rusalem,

or Ladies Rose, Carawayes, of Garden Cresses, bast∣ard Saffron, according to Galen, Fern. 2. of Fennell, Cum∣men; Carrots, Fennell Flower, Turneps, Parfly, Hartwort, Stavesager, of a Vine. Roots; of sweet Garden Flag, others in the second degree, Asarabecca, wakerobbin, Sea Onion, or Squills, Dittany, Leopards bane, Fennell, English Galin∣gale, both kinds of Hellebore, Elecampane, Orrice, Parsly, Raddish, Barkes bf Mace, Liquors, Teares and Gums; old Wine, and sweet Asa, stinking Asa, Ammoniack, Cedar, Pitch, Opoponax, Muske.

Hot in the fourth degree, * 1.22 are such as belong to mettalls as vitriol, Arsenick, Sandaraca, which is a Gemme, Chry∣socolla is a kind of a minerall found like fand in veines of Braffe, Silver, or Gold, which Goldsmiths use to solder Gold, and Silver with; Mysysory, is that which the Apothecaries call vitriol, Melantheria, Inke, wherewith Chyrurgions consume putrifyed flesh, Herbs, or Leaves; Pepper-wort, Garden, and water Cresses, some would have them to be hot in the third degree, great headed Leekes, the fullers herbe Thapsia, a Milke Thistle; Fruits, as Pepper &c. Seeds as of both kinds of Cresses, Mustard-seed; Rootes, as Gar∣lick, Onions, Costus, Leekes that have great heads, bastard Pelitory, or sneezing wort, Euphobium.

Things cold in the first degree, Herbs, or Leaves, * 1.23 as O∣rack, sowre Sorrell, Mallowes, Mirtles, Pelitory of the wall, Flowres, of Mallowes, Roses, Violets; Fruits, as the sub∣stance of Citrons, Quinces, Pares, Plumbs; Seeds, as Barly, Millet; Rootes, of Mallowes, Concreate Juices, Acacia, o∣thers in the second, Draggons blood; Stones as a Hyacinth, a Saphir, an Emerald.

Things cold in the second degree, Leaves, and Herbs, * 1.24 a kind of beete which some call Spinack, Spanish Succory, Lettice, Ducks-meate, Endive or Succory, Violet leaves, Sorrell, Plantine, Knot-grass, Fleawort, Night-shade; Flow∣ers, of wild Poppies, Cichory, water Lillies; Fruits, as Gourds, Cucumbers, Oake Apples, Oranges, Pomgranates, Damaske Pruins, Pippens, Peaches; Seeds, of Sorrell, Cicho∣ry, Winter Cherries, Wood of Santalls.

Things cold in the third degree, Herbs, or Leaves, * 1.25 Pur∣slan, Mandrake, life everlasting, Henbane, others think it hot in the fourth degree; Flowers, as of Pomgranets. Fruits; as Oringes, Mad-Apples of Mandrake; Seeds, as of Hemlock, Henbane, Poppy, Rootes of Mandrake, juice of the juice of Holly Rose.

Things cold in the fourth degree; * 1.26 Herbs or Leaves, Hem∣lock, Poppey; Fruits, Apples of Pern; Concrete Liquours, as the juice of Poppy or Meconium, also Opium, according to the vulgar opinion, which is not true, for they are hot.

Moist in the first degree; * 1.27 Herbs, Buglosse, Pellitory of the wall, Mallowes; Flowers, of Buglosse, Mallowes, Endive; Fruits, as the substance of Citron, In jubes, sweet Almonds, Seeds, of Mallowes, Sesami, which is a white graine grow∣ing in India; Rootes, of Satyrion, Buglosse, Lycorish, Mal∣lowes, Rape Rootes.

Moist in the second degree; * 1.28 Herbs, as Violet Leaves, Water Lillies, Milk Thistles, a kind of Beet which hath no savour, which some call Spinach, Lettice, Ducks-meate, Pur∣slan; Flowers, of Water-lillies, Violets; Fruits, Gourd, Melons, Pompions, the juice whereof some place in the third degree, Peaches, Damask Pruins, ripe Grapes, Su∣gar.

Dry in the first; * 1.29 Herbs and Leaves, Beetes, Cabbage, Camomill, Fennill, Violets, or Purple coloured Lillies, Malabathrum i. e. a certaine Herb, she swims in Ditches in India without any Roote appearing, Mirtles, Petty Mullein, or Longwort, Flowers of Oxe eye, Camomill, Saffron, Violets, Melelot, Roses; other in the second degree, Fruits; as Iuniper berries, Chesnuts; Seed, as Beanes, Fenegreek, Barly, Roots; of Briony, of the wild-Vine, of madder, Tamarisk, Marshmallowes, Wake-robbin; Gums; Frankinsence, others in the second degree.

Dry in the second degree, * 1.30 Herbs as, Pimpernell, Mugwort, others say in the first degree, Green Dill, Bettony, Bindweed, Calamus Odoratus, Endive, Sea Cabbage, Shepheards∣powch, Horstaile, Chervills, Mints, wild Mints, Plantine, Rosemary, Spikenard, Walwort, Fumetory, Burnet, Sorrell, Vervine, Shephards rod; Flowers, of Piony, Scarlet, Anemone or wind Flowre, ground Pine, Wood-bines, Staechados; Fruits, the Oily acorne, Capers, Quinces, Ciprus-nuts, Nutmegs, Pares, Pistach-nuts; Seeds, Fennell, wild Saffron, Lentills Ervum, Millet, Rice, Poppy, Night-shade; Roots, of Caper, Cichory, Raddish, Wood of a Santall Tree, Teares, Gums and Rossins, as Galbanum, oppopanax, dry Pitch, Myrrh, Storax, Mastick, Hony.

Dry in the third degree, * 1.31 belonging to mettals, as flowre of Brasse, burnt Brasse, the dregs of Brasse, Draggon-wort Salt, Solder of Gold, or Saltpeter, Brimstone, red vitriol; Herbs,

and Leaves, Fearne, Yarrow, Cinqfoile, Poley Mountain, Trifoile, Worme-wood, Southernwood burnt, Dill burnt, Parsely, Asarabecca, Ammi, Calamints, Germander, Ground pine, Epithimum, Hyssop, Juniper, Marjerom, Horehound, Origanum, Maiden beets, Wildstone, Parsly, S••eezing-wort, Rue, Savine, Willow, Water-mints, Time wild Bettony; Flowres, of Pomgranates, Epithimum, Ground pine, Wild∣wood-bine; Fruits, of Cloves, the Fruit of Balsamum, Oake-Apples, Pepper, Juniper-berries; Seeds, as Graines which Dyers use, I think he means Cutcheneale. Dill, Parfley, Ammi, of the herbe Jerusalem, or Ladies Rofe, Anniseed, Carraway, Cumming, Coriander, Gith, bastard-stone Par∣fley, Millet of the Vine; Rootes and Barkes, of sweet Garden Flag, the hollow Roote of Galingale, Squills, com∣mon Cinqfoile, Trifoile, Mountaine Osier, Asarabecca, Smallage, Leopards-bane, Hellebore, Cinnamon; juices, and Gums, Aloes, the juice of Sorrell, Acacia, Camphir, Muske.

Dry in the fourth degree, Metalicks, Coppras, Arsenick, * 1.32 Sandaracha, Borax, or green Earth found in the Mines of Brasse, Silver, or Gold, Misysory, that which the Apotheca∣ries calls Vitroil, Milantheria or a Metallick juice; Herbs and Leaves; Wild-rue, Garlick, Cresses, Mustard-seed

CHAP IV. Of Medicines proper to every part, or of corroba∣rating Medicines.

BUt whereas occult qualities are often adjoyned to the primary qualities, * 1.33 the same things altering are not con∣venient allwayes, nor accommodated to all parts, but those things are to be chosen which have regard to every or any part in respect of the whole substance, and by reason of some occult proprieties have some singular Sympathy therewith, which Medicines therefore are called Appropriated or Cor∣roborating Medicines, for so occult qualities concur with manifest, and conspire in acting, or performing toge∣ther.

Cephalicks Heating and drying: Bettony, Marjerom, * 1.34 Sage, Hyssop, Bawme, Rosemary, Bay-leaves, Bay-berries, Savory, Rue, Calamint, wild Time, Spike, Lavender, Ori∣ganum, Herba Paralysis, I take it to be true love or one berry 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

Flax, Asarabecca, Liver-wort, Squinanth, Spikes Maudelin, Fennell, Parsley, Smallage, Sparagus, bitter Almonds, Ele∣campane, the flower of Bettony, Raysins of the Sun, Pistack∣nuts, the hot Seeds, Sweet-Garden-Flagg, &c. Wood of Cas∣sia, Cinnamon, and the rest of the Aromaticks.

Things cooling the Liver, * 1.35 Endive, Cichory, Garden En∣dive, Lyons Tooth, and those which belong to these, Pur∣slan, Lettice, Roses, Violets, Water-lillies, Sorrel, Straw-berries, the greater cold Seeds, namely of Mellons, Gourds, Cucumbers, and Citrons, and the lesser namely of Lettice, Endive, Garden Endive, Purslan, Barley, Santalls, Camphire, Pomegranates, Currants, Barberies, Strawberries, Melons, Cherries, Sorrell, whey of Goates Milke.

Things heating the Spleen, * 1.36 Ceterach, Spleen-wort, Epi∣thimum, Wormewood, Fumetory, Hops, Rue, Calamint, Parsley, Speedwell, or Fluellin, wild Germander, Ground-pine, Bawme, Garden or Water-cresses, Scurvy-grasse, Hore-hound, Broome, Elder, Asarabbecca, the Rootes of Polipo∣dy, Elecampane, Ferne, Fennel, Smallage, Vine-roots, Ta∣mariske, Capers, Birth-wort, Madder, Bitter-almonds, Squils, Sweet-garden-flag, Ammoniack, Bdellium.

Things cooling the Milt, * 1.37 Mallowes, Endive, Cichory, Purslan, and for the most part the rest of the cooling He∣paticks.

Things heating the Reines, * 1.38 and Bladder, Venus haire, Rue, Saxifrage, Betony, Lovage, Fennell, Rocket, Mug∣wort, Calamints, Eringo, Sparagus, Buttchers Broome, Bur∣net, Liquorish, Parsley, Smallage, Nettles, Carrots, Drop∣wort, red Madder, red Parsnips, Grumwell, Iuniper-ber∣ries, flowers of Camomill. Cardomoms, Turpentine Chervill, Almonds, Pistack Nuts, the Kernels of Peaches, Cherries, Rootes of Capers.

Things cooling the Kidnies, * 1.39 Mallowes, Lettice, Pur∣slan, Pellitory, Barley, the foure great cold Seeds, Poppy, Lettice, Fleawort, Quinces, Pepons, Stone-ber∣ries, Violets, Flowers of Water-lillies, Camphire, Santalls, Sorrell, Iuice of Lymons, Melons, Currants.

Things Heating the Womb, * 1.40 Mug-wort, Mother-wort, Bet∣tony, Dittany and Origanum, Penny-royall, alamints, Marjerom, Sage, Time, Bawme, Summer or Winter Savory, Rue, Rosemary, Bay-leaves, Flowers of Camomil, Cum∣minseed, Anni-seed, Fennel-seed, Carrot seed, Parsley, Smallage, Roots of Birthwort, Red Madder, of Eringo, Fen∣nel,

Parsley, Sparagus Burnet, Angelica, Valerian, Master-wort, the meate and liquor of the Indian Nut, Bay-beerries, Iuniper-Berries, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Sweet garden flag, Cinamon, Worm-seed, Saffron, Galingale, Mirrh, Castor.

Things cooling the Wombe, Water-lillies, Violets, Roses, * 1.41 Quinces, and the Sirrup thereof, Purslane, Lettice, Garden-Endine.

Hot simples belonging to the joynts, the Gout, and disea∣ses of the sinews, Marjerom, one Berry Herbe, Lovage, Bet∣tony, Groundpine, Rosemary, Sage, Bay-leaves, Lavender, Staechados, Mugwort, and most of the chephalicks, Castor, earth Wormes.

CHAP. V. Of extenuating, and preparing of humours.

OVt of this forme of humours are sought digerent, * 1.42 di∣gestive, or preparing things; so called, all which, since they hinder nature in acting, take away and change the qua∣lities, which resist the action of native heat, namely they coole too much those things that are hot, and heate too much those things that are two cold; they moisten dry things, and dry up moist things, they attenuate what is thick, and in∣crassate what is thin.

Namely yellow choler is to bee corrected with cooling, * 1.43 moistning and thickning things, Phleagme is to be prepa∣red with heating, drying and attenuating things; melan∣choly humors are to bee corrected with things moderately heating, moistning and attenuating; black Choler is to be prepared with things that are very moistning & attenuating.

And those things are to be used which are fitted to every part, according as the humour resides in this or that part, cold cephalicks prepare and digest choler in the head; cold Thoracicks, in the Breast; cold Cardiaacks in the heart, things cooling the Ventricle, in the stomack; cold Hepaticks in the Liver.

Hot Cephalicks prepare Flegme in the head; * 1.44 hot Tho∣racicks in the Breast, hot things appropriated to the Ventri∣cle prepare flegme in the stomack; hot Hepaticks in the Li∣ver; things heating the Reines in the Reines; hot things appropriated to the Womb in the Womb.

These things prepare Melancholy, * 1.45 and black Choler, Fu∣mitory, Buglosse, Burrage, Spleen-wort Bawme, a kind of bind weed growing about flax, Venus haire, common Ger∣mander, ground-pine, Hops, Barkes of Citrons, Fennell Rose∣mary, juice of Apples, Ceterach, Capers, Epithymum, Vio∣lets, Butchers Broome, the flowres, and seed of Tamariske of Basil, Ashen Keyes.

CHAP. VI. Of Emollients, Relaxing, Rarfying. &c.

EMollients are those things which power our that which is concreate, * 1.46 such are those things which neither are very hot nor exceeding dry; many hot in the second degree, and something moist, and moreover having a clammy or em∣plastick force, such as are the Leaves and Roots of Mallowes, and Marsh Mallowes, the Roots of white Lillies, Orach, English Mercury, the Seed of Mallowes Sesami, (a white graine growing in India) Flax, Fenugreeke, Marsh mal∣lowes, Fat Figs, Simple Oiles, the Fat of Hens, Sowes Fat, Calves, Kidds, Sheeps Fat, and such like, almost all Mar∣rowes, fresh Butter, Wax, Pitch, Rosin, Bdellium, Amoni∣ack, Storax melted, Ladanum, Galbanum.

To these are opposed hardning and binding things, * 1.47 which are cold and moist, Sengreen or life everlasting, purslan, Fleawort, Ducks-meat Night-shade.

Things loosening are compared to those things which bind, which joyning together humors contrary to nature, become hard, and are especially those which when certaine matter, or a vapour or Wind fills the space of the parts, and extends them, rarifies them, and attenuates and discusses an unsavory spirit and matter, such are those things that are mo∣derately hot, moisten more largely, and are of a thinner substance, that they easily penetrate and are not hindred by thicknesse, as Lillies, Oile of Camomil, Flaxseed, Fenu∣greek, Fats, Butter, Greazy wool and such like.

Condensing things, * 1.48 are of a more watry nature and con∣tract more weakly, and moreover they close the thin and ex∣ternall Pores, they contract and condense, but they cannot contract the whole part on every side, and powerfully, such are cold water, Purslan, Sengreen, Fleawort, Mouse-eare,

Ducks meate, Thistles, green Houseleek, the greater and the lesser.

Stiptick things are cold and astringent, * 1.49 and of a thick sub∣stance, for being applyed externally, by their thicknesse they stop the pores, and by their frigidity and siccity they contract the part and close them into one another, of that kind are those which are otherwise called binding (or astringent) the Barks of Pomegranates, Frankinsence, Mirobolanes, the Roots of Tormentill, Rhubarbe Torrified, Plantine, Horse∣taile, little double Dazies Blood-wort, or Wall-wort, the Floures of Pomegranates, Flowers of Roses, Sorrell; seeds; as of Plantine, Roses, Purslan, Ciprus-nuts, Mirtles, Quin∣ces, Pares, Medlars, Mulberries not ripe, Ceruises, or (swal∣low Pares,) the fruit of a Cornell or Dogg Tree, Oake Ap∣ples, Kernels of Grapes, Cups of Acorns, the red juice of Wax or Hony in the Hony-Combs; also such juice of Wild Hony, Acacia, Mastick, Vermillion, Spode, which is soot arising in the rising of Brasse, Pearles, Coral, Bolearmenack, Irish flat, Allum, Lapis Haematites or Bloodstone, Iron.

To condensing things are opposed rarifying things, * 1.50 and to astringent things, opening things; rarifying things are those which open the Pores of the Skin, and render the pas∣sages wider, that Vapours may be blowne or breathed out the better; such medicines are hot, but moderately, of thin parts and not drying, as Marsh-mallowes, English Mercury, Dill, Flowers of Camomill, of Melilot, of Elders, seed of Fe∣nugreek, Flax, dry Figs, old Oile, Butter.

Opening things are those as dilate the Orifices of the Vessels, whence they may be called in generall aperient, * 1.51 yet those are principally called aperient, which penetrate deeper and attenuate the thick humors, and are hot in the second degree, endued with somewhat a thicker substance, and are not easily dissipated untill they have performed their operation, * 1.52 to this purpose bitter things are very usefull next to these are attenuating and cutting, which divide, dissolve, and make lesse, those attenuate the thick, these the viscide, and glutinous humours, and are moreover of a thinner substance, and hot for the most part in the third degree; also sharpe, and such as appeare biting and

hot, to the smell, or taste, or to them both, and have a ni∣trous and salt savour, or they are sharpe and bitter, such are the five opening Rootes, * 1.53 so called, that is, of smallage, Fennell, Sparagus, Parsley, and Butchers broome, Grasse, Cichory, Eringo Rootes, Gentian, Ferne, wild or Garden madder, Century the greater, Asarabecca, Capers, of Tama∣risk, of Ashes, Fumetary Wormewood, Agrimony, Venus haire, Liver-wort Ceterash, Ground-pine, common Ger∣mander, Bind-weed, Hore-hound, Calamints, Penny-royall, Scurvygrasse, Brooklime, Water-Cresses, Anniseed, Fennell, seed, seed of Ammi, of Agnus Castus, red Parsnibs, Lupines, bitter Almonds, Capers, Kernells of Peaches and Apricocks, Cinnamon, Cubebs, Sorrell, Ammoniack, the juice of Ly∣mons.

To these are opposed, * 1.54 Incrassating things, which make the thinner, and more liquid juices thicker, such are cold or temperate, without sharpnesse, of a thick and terrene substance, whereby, whilst they mingle themselves with thinner humours, they make them become of a thicker consistence, as Bolearmenack, Poppy, Sorrell, Rice, Len∣tills, Quinces, wild Pares, Amylums, tis a food made of Corne without grinding, Chalybeate milke, the juice of Pom∣granets.

Emplasticks, * 1.55 and those which have a clammy and Plaister-like force, are such as adhere close to the passages of the body, and Plaister up the pores, as it were, fills them, and stops them, and they are certaine dry, and earthy things, yet without mordication, and acrimony, and if they are be∣daubed over the passages of the body, they are hardly taken away, but some are also mixt with an aqueous, and acrious humour, yet are tenacious, as sweet oyle, such are Amylum, Pompholix, which is the soile that runs off Brasse, Cerusse, Chalke, Bole armenack, Irish slat, Parget Litharge; burnt lead, the Rootes of Marsh Mallowes, Lillies, seed of Fene∣greek, all mucilages, and bran of wheate, Kernells of Pine nuts bruised in water, Gume Arabeck, Sarcocolla, Traga∣canth, fresh Grease, and Marrowes, fresh butter, new cheese, whites of an egg, wax.

To these are opposed detergent things, * 1.56 and such as open obstructions, whereof these cleanse filth in the superficies of the body, or skin, but those are of a more subtil substance, & penetrate into the pores also, and open obstructions, and moreover have a drying faculty, with

tenuity of substance whether they be hot, or cold, for there are both hot and cold abstergent things, such as are all salt things, bitter things, nitrous things, as Hore-hound, Centu∣ry the lesse, smallage, Wormewood, Southernwood, Hyssop, Cresses, the bread of Lupines, and of a kind of Pulse called Orabus, Agrimony, Beets, Germander, Tansey, Bitter Al∣monds, Roots of Birthwort, Orice, Gentian, Solomons Seale, Barley, Bran, Iuice of Lymons, Nettle-seed, Rootes of Ta∣mariske, Bark of Capers, Spleen-wort, Squils, Nitre, Hony, Sugar, all Lixuviums, or Lee, Whey, the Galls of living Creatures, Verdy-grease.

CHAP II. Of Medicines easing paine and causing rest.

Lastly, in this forme are Anodunes, Narcotticks, * 1.57 and Hyp∣noticks, those are properly Anodunes which doe not take away the cause of a disease or dull sence of paine, but such as mitigate the paine, the cause stil remaining, and they are temperate and gentle, and endued with mild heat, and are soft to the touch, and bring forth a pleasant and sweet plea∣santnesse and those performe that, which are endued with a luke-warme and gentle heate, and are most like to our bodies in temperature, and for the most part are soft and fat, and loosen, and mollifie the part that it may be the lesse apt to be sensible of paine, such are Camomil, Melilot, Dil, Elder, Mallowes, Marsh-mallowes, Seeds of Fenegreek, Flax, wheat, Barley, sweet Oyle of middle age, Oyle of sweet Almonds, and other things prepared, with those above, fresh Butter, Hens grease, Goose-grease, Whites of Eggs, the pulpe of White-bread, warme Milke, and Hoggs grease.

Narcoticks or stupefactives, and Hypnoticks, * 1.58 which also cause sleep, but neither take away the cause of paine, but stupifie the part and benumes it, least it should perceive that which is painefull; but this power depends on a hidden quality, such like are Lettice, Water-lillies, Poppey, Night∣shade, Henbane, Mandrake and Opium.

CHAP. VIII. Of drawing and Repelling Medicines.

IN the second forme, * 1.59 are drawing Medicines which attract the humours, and Spirits out of the body into the superfi∣cies, but that attraction is made by heate, concurring with tenuity of substance, and some are hot and dry in the se∣cond degree; which draw moderatly; others in the third degree, which draw more; others in the fourth, which draw most of all, and with their heate raise a tumour in the skin, with rednesse, and lastly raise blisters, from whence medicines to take away haire, Synapismes, Rubifying medi∣cines are prepared, such are the Rootes of both kinds of birth∣wort, selandine, sow-Breed little Dragon, Gentian, wild Pellitory, or sneezing-wort, Crowfoot, mustard-seed, Cresses, Garlick, Onions, Leaven, an Indian fruit like a Birds heart, and the juice like blood, Gum Amoniack, Galbanum, saga∣penum, Opoponax, dry Pitch, Propolis•• or that in a Hony∣combe like wax, Goose dung, Pidgeons dung, Hen dunge, and Cantharides.

Repelling Medicines, * 1.60 are opposed to attracting, and pro∣hibit the Flux of humours, or represseth and casteth back that humour which hath newly flown in, and moves there∣in, and is not as yet settled; they performe this, either be∣cause they are cold or astringent, or because they have both a cold and astringent faculty; astringents are two-fold, some are cold, others not, and indeed they doe most powerfully bind, which are both cold, and astringent; those things which repell only by frigidity and are aqueous, or humid, are cold water, life for ever, Purslan, Ducks-meate, Endive, Let∣tice, Night-shade, Coltrops of water, Venus Nauell, Flea∣wort, the white of an egg; cold things astringent are, Plan∣tine, narrow leaved Solomons seale, Mouseare, Daizes, Horsetaile, the leaves of service, or sherve Tree, Oake, Mirtle, Medler Tree, the Flowers of Rosemary, Pomgranates, Mirtle-berries, Oake Apples, swallow Peares, Barberries, Mirtles, the Barks of Pomgranates, the Rootes of wild Dam∣sons, the Rootes of Barberries, the Rootes of Cinqfoile, Snake-weed, (or small Bistort) Tormentill, the juice of Pomgranates, Acacia, Hypocistis, or sap of the Rootes of Cystus, of Mulberries not ripe, sorrell, Irish slat, Bolearme∣nack,

sanguis Draconis, Tutty, hot astringents are, spike, Aloes, Frankencense, Mirrh, Cypresse, Wormewood Cyprus Nuts, the Barks of Frankencense, sweet Garden Flag, Al∣lom.

CHAP. IX. Of Ripening things, and such as generate quitture; also of such as generate flesh and Brawny flesh, of such as dry and cleanse green wounds and cause Cicatrizing, and of such as generate seed and milke.

IN the third forme are ripening and concocting things, * 1.61 and moving purulent matter, so called, because without them the generation of matter cannot be easily performed by na∣ture, to wit, such which by the similitude they have with our bodyes, defend and increase the substance of the native heat, for they are temperately hot, and together moist and em∣plastick, which shutting the pores or passages, keep in and retaine the spirits and heat, such are sweet Oyles Oyle, mixed with water, Butter, Hogs grease, Calves grease, the seed, and Bran of Wheate, Wheaten Bread, the seed of Fenugreek, Flax, Leaves and Rootes of Marsh Mallowes, Mallowes, Beares breech, the Rootes of white Lillies, boyled Onions, dry Figs, Fats, liquid Pitch, (or Tarr) liquid storax, Turpen∣tine, whereof some if they seem, either too dry or too moist, you must observe, that scarce ever one of these is used alone but are mingled with others, so that the drynesse with the one may be corrected with the humidity of the other, and the humidity of the one with the drinesse of the other.,

Sarcotticks or such as generate flesh, are such as conduce, * 1.62 to the restauration of flesh, in a wound or ulcer, indeed na∣ture, in the generating of flesh is the cheif workeman, yet certain Medicines doe as it were helpe nature, whilst they remove excrements, which hinder nature in the generation of flesh, and preserve the native heate of the part, of which kind are those which moderatly heat and dry, and cleanse filth, without biting according to the plenty of quirture, and according to the humidity or ficcity of the body, some∣times they ought to be gentler, sometimes stronger, such are Barly Bread, a kind of pulse, called Ervum, Fenugreek, Tra∣gacanth,

Orice, Teares of jeat, Mastick, Frankencense, Sca∣mony, Aloes, Mirrh, Hony, Walwort, Saint Johns-wort, Birth-wort, Brasse Oare, Cerusse, Tutty, Pompholix, Li∣tharge, (or white lead.)

Next to these, are Glutinating Medicines, which are no way detergent, but rather astringent, and by some are called Enaima, and Traumatica, because they are used, in joyning of bleeding wounds, although they are used in cleanseing Ulcers, from which neverthelesse, according to more or lesse, Epuloticks differ from such as cicatrize, as being such dry more to the second degree; in the number of Glutina∣tives, and Epuloticks are, Allum, Litharge, Circocolla, Aloes, Bolearmenack, Lead, Brasse-oare, Birth-wort, the Flowers of Pomgranates, Corall, Horse-taile, Plantine, Wal-wort, Tor∣mentill, Cinqfoile, common Thurrow-wax, the Barkes of Pomgranates, Frankencense, Burnt-brasse washed, Sanguis Draconis, Lapis calaminaris, Antimony.

Hereunto belongs Traumatick Medicines, or vulnerary which by a peculiar force, so dispose the blood, that fit and laudable flesh by it may be restored, or any other substance, which is lost, and afford matter, for potions, called vulnera∣ry, such are, great and little Cumfery, Sannicle, Cumfery, the middle Sarracenous, Agrimony, Winter-green, Fluellin, Mug-wort, Plantine, Savine, Horse-taile, Rootes of Tormen∣till, of Gilli-flowers. Carduus Benedictus, common, or water Burnet, Ladies-mantle, Periwinkle, Pimpernell, Golden∣rod, Mouse-eare, century the lesse, Adders-tongue, Bittony Saint Johns-wort, Flowers of Roses, Tansey, Veruine, Dra∣gon, Rupture-wort, Cinqfoiles, Scordium Crabs-eyes, Mace, Bolearmenack.

To Epuloticks Poroticks all such as generate brawny flesh are nere alike unto, * 1.63 namely, such as dry, thicken, har∣den, moderatly heate, and bind, some of those are given in∣wardly as juice of Primeroses, or Cowslips, powder of the Roots of Agrimony, of the juice thereof, but especially the stone called Osteocolla, some are externally applyed, as Bolear∣menack, meale, Osteocolla, Aloes, Cypres Nuts, Franken∣cense, Tragacanth, Acacia.

Lastly to this forme belongs those things which generate and increase milke and seed, * 1.64 they helpe to generate milke which conduce to the generation of good blood, and draw blood to the pappes, and have a peculiar consent with the breasts, such are Fennell, and Dill green, Louage, Smallage,

Poley Mountaine, Rocket, Milke-wort, yet some are said to conduce to the generation of milke, by a propriety of sub∣stance, as powder of Chrystall, Fennell, and Dill.

In like manner those things for the generation of seed, * 1.65 which generate the best blood, which is the matter of seed, and what things soever, draws the blood to the vessels, ap∣pointed for generation of seed, or which fill the seed with wind, namely moderately moist, and temperatly hot, such are, Leekes, Parsnips, a kind of a land Scinks, Satyrion, Rocket, Ashen Keyes, Flax, Garlick, Onions, Eringo-rootes, Turneps, Sparagus, Green-ginger, Galingale, sweet Al∣monds, Pine-nuts, Pistack-nuts, Chestnuts, Dates, Beanes, Carrots, Rapes, Rice, Artechoakes, obstreae.

CHAP. X. Of such things as make the skin red, of such as cause Blisters, and of such as cause scabs, or pustules, of burning things, of Corrosives, Putrifactives and of such things as take away haire, and ex∣tinguish milke and seed.

TO the fourth ranke, belong those things which breake forth, Rube-factives, Escaroticks, and Causticks, which are all comprehended under the name of fiery Medicines, which with their exceeding heate, as the heate of water, or fire, burne our bodyes, the most gentle amongst them, are Rube-factives which onely by heating make the skin red, and those things which lye deeper, they draw out to the skin, * 1.66 such are Mustard-seed, Cresses-seed, Nettle-seed, the Rootes of Thapsiae.

The stronger are called vesicatories, * 1.67 because they raise Pustules, or Blisters, which for reason of the tenuity of sub∣stance, burne only the Cuticle, or the outmost skin, and draw out a humour, like scalding water, and pull the cuticle from the cutis, or thick skin, and raise it into a bladder, such are, Cantharides, Mustard-seed, Leaven, strange Clema∣tis, Crow-foot, seed of Cresses, Thapsia, roote of Sow-bread, bastard Pelitory, sea Onions, Garlick, Doves-foot, Euphor∣bium, Pidgeons-dung, Soape.

The more vehement are Escaroticks, or such as cause, * 1.68

Pustules, or scabs, so called because they burne, not only the cuticle, but also the cutis, and they are hot in the fourth de∣gree, and of a thick substance.

Amongst these the most vehement are Causticks, * 1.69 and they are endued with extraordinary heate, and thick substance, which burne not only the skin, but sometimes the flesh also, as burnt brasse, Flowre of Brasse, quicklime, vitriol, Ashes, or dust of the dregs of Wine, little Figs, Ashes, of Ash, Savine, Pidgeons dung, Ashes of a Pine Tree, white Helle∣bore, Salt prepared of the lee, whereof soape is made, Arse∣nick, Oaker, Mercury sublimate.

Besides these there are yet other Medicines which draw away flesh, * 1.70 and they are two-fold, some of them are more mild and are called Cathereticks, others are stronger which are called Stypticks; Cathereticks, or Corrafives, are those which take away the soft flesh that is growing, and only the outmost which they touch, they take away the superficies not suddenly, but by degrees, but cannot be indured to pene∣trate deeper, and they are hot in the third and fourth degree, the milder whereof are, Aloes, Allum, Ashes of Oystershells, Ashes of an Oake and Fig-tree, the Rootes of a white Vine, of black Hellebore, burnt Lead, Antimony calcined, the stronger are quick-lime, Flowre of Brasse, burnt Brasse, vitri∣ol calcined, Quick-silver precipitated, sublimate vitriol, Mysy∣sory (a stinking mettall) burnt lead, * 1.71 oyle of vitriol, sulphure.

Stypticks, or Putrifactives, soften the harder flesh, and they are the hottest, dryest, sharpest, pernicious to the na∣tive heate, which seeing they destroy, and take away the ra∣dicall moisture there followeth corruption of the substance of the part, and a deadly putrifyed disease, such are Arsenick, Orpiment male, or Female stone-Ferne; Pityocampes, they are wormes in a Pine Tree, Monks-hood, sandaracha.

Hereunto belongs those things that take away haire, * 1.72 and extirpate them, and make the part bald, and if they continue long in the skin, they exulcerate and burne it, such are strong Lee, quick-lime, Ants, or Pismires eggs, sandaracha, Orpiment and Arsenick.

Moreover concerning the extinguishing and diminshing, * 1.73 of milke and seed, the generation of milke is hindered, if the store of blood be abated, which medicines do not performe, but spare dyet, or exercise, hinders the comming of it to the brest, such are Hemlock, Lettice, Ducks-meat, Water Lillies, Gourds, Night-shade, Purslan, Poppy but milke that is

generated, is consumed, by the seed of Agnus Castus, Cala∣mints, Cummin, Rue, sage, saffron, Bean-meale, Lupines, Basil, some whereof are thought to doe it by a hidden pro∣priety.

Certaine things consume the seed by a hidden propriety, * 1.74 Rag weed, the lesser, as the greater, increaseth seed; seed of Agnus Castus, some by a manifest quality, cold things as Hemlock, Gourds, Henbane, Lettice Water Lillies, Wood∣sorrell, Ducks meate, sorrell, and sower things; hot, Cala∣mints, mints, Dill, Rue, Hemp seed, hereunto also belongs Saccharum Saturni, Camphir, which J. C. Scalliger de∣nyes.

CHAP XI. Of Medicines purging through the Paunch.

IN the first ranck of Medicines, * 1.75 namly of those things which consist in the ablation of any thing, and are first called Purgers, but although all Medicines in generall which free any parts of the body from excrements may be called, purg∣ing medicines, yet use hath brought it to passe that they are only called purging medicines in particular which lead or drive out excrements through the paunch or by Vomit; those which move by the belly and are wont to be known by the common name of Evacuators, are twofold; some of them are such as only purge the belly and the first passages, others there are which reach beyond the first Region of the body and emit peccant humours from the more remote parts, which are more properly called purging medicines.

The former sort the Greeks call, * 1.76 Enteropticks and Hy∣pacticks that is Lenitives, because they evacuate ordure out of the guts, and whatsoever is detained in the stomach, guts, and Orifices of the Meseraick veines, whether they doe it by mollifying and humecting, or by lubrifying and making the passages slippery, which they imbue, and melt the feces with their abundant humidity, and provoake to expulsion, or whe∣ther they have a power of cleanseing and moderatly stimu∣lating, such are, Mallowes, March mallowes, the herbe Mer∣cury, Beets, Cabbage, Blites, Orach, Sparagus, Raysins, sweete Pruins, Sebestens, Cassia, Manna, Tamarinds, Oyle of sweet Almonds, new fat Figs, sweete Apples, fat Broaths, especially of a Cock or Capon, whey, especially of Goats milke, fresh new Butter.

But the purging medicines are most properly so called which send forth some particular humour out of the body, * 1.77 from some particular part, but by what power they performe, that is much controverted by Physitians, but it seemes pro∣bable, that purging medicines, whither taken in at the mouth, or by Clister, or externally applyed to the Navell or belly, or held in the hands or applyed to the Buttocks are resolved and deduced into action by the heate of our bodyes, and that the most subtill spirits, or vapours of them so resol∣ved are dispersed through vessels into the whole body, and by a hidden force and propriety, move the humours which have affinity with them, and trouble, stir up, and as it were ferment them, and do so bring it to passe, that those hu∣mors, which before were mixed with the blood, and caused no disturbance of nature, being now stirred up and seperated from them, and being by themselves, stimulate nature and irritate it to expulsion, which being irritated by the helpe of the expulsive faculty, expells both the purging medicine, and the vitious humor so seperated by the power thereof, to∣gether from the body.

But some of them are more mild which mollify the belley, * 1.78 yet besides this, by a propriety of substance, regard a peculiar humour, and exercise their strength beyond the first wayes, to the Liver and Spleen, yet cannot evacuate from the whole, and the most remote parts, some are stronger, which eva∣cuate beyond the liver and spleen, also greater vessells, but the strongest purges are those which evacuate humours out of the whole body, * 1.79 and from the most remote parts, and from the smallest veines; there are divers purging medicines, yet the difference of them is drawn, from the number of hu∣mours, which they attract by a specifique force.

Cholagogues, or the milder purgers of choler.

MAnna, * 1.80 which in the broath of Beef, or of a Hen, or in a decoction of Pruins, or Tamarinds being dis∣solved, and strained, is given, from an Ounce to three Oun∣ces.

Cassia Fistula, * 1.81 is a benigne, and safe medicine at all times and all ages, unlesse that it be too moist and windy, and therefore, not so convenient for a moist stomack and guts,

and those that are flatulent, and therefore is corrected with Cinamon, Mastick, Anni-seed, Fennell-seed, Carrot-seed, halfe a drachm, or a whole drachm being added to it, it is exhibited conveniently in the forme of a Bolus, or Electuary not long before meate, it is given from halfe an Ounce, to two Ounces.

Tamarinds are cold and dry in the second degree, * 1.82 and for that reason, represse the Acrimony, and heate of humours, the pulpe is given from an Ounce to two Ounces, or three Ounces, and in decoction to foure Ounces.

The juice of Roses, syrups, * 1.83 and Hony prepared of it gives strength to the Liver, and bowels, but it opens the Orifices, and therefore is not to be given to such as are with child, the juice is given to two Ounces, the Syrup and Hony to three or five Ounces.

The juice of Violets, * 1.84 and Syrup and Hony prepared thereof, mitigates heate, the juice is given to two Ounces, the syrup and Hony to foure Ounces.

Flowers of the Peach-Tree cause not only purging, * 1.85 but vomiting, and purge chollerick and serous humours, the Syrup prepare of them is given to two Ounces, the conserve to an Ounce, a handfull of them infused in Wine doth per∣forme the same.

Myrobalans, of citron colour, are cold and dry, * 1.86 and also bind, and strengthen the bowells, but are not so safe in ob∣structions thereof. Their astriction is corrected, opening things being added, and sweet smelling seeds, or if they are rouled in Oyle of sweet Almonds, they are given in powder to two drachms, in infusion to five drachms, or to an ounce and halfe.

Rupbarbe besides yellow choler, purges phlegme also, * 1.87 but not unlesse it stick in the nighest passages, tis principal∣ly good for the liver, it hath divers parts, by the more sub∣tile it purgeth and opens, by the thicker it binds, whence it is profitable, in a Lientary, and in spitting of blood, and in ruptures, it is given in the substance, in infusion, and de∣coction, it ought to be very light, and the third part of Ci∣namon is added, or of Camells hay or Indian spike, when you are willing only to purge, or open, tis best given, in in∣fusion or decoction, but when you would bind and corroba∣rate tis best in the substance; there is also an extract prepared hereof, but such a one, which scarce purgeth stronger, then when it is taken in the substance, tis given in the substance

tis given in the substance, to two drachms, in infusion to halfe an ounce.

Turpentine moves not only the belly, * 1.88 but the bowells, and especially cleanseth the reines, tis given with the powder of Rhubarbe, or Licorish, and Sugar, made into a Bolus, or with the yolke of an egg, and some convenient water therewith, wrought in a Morter, and reduced into a milky liquor, tis given from halfe an Ounce to six drachms.

Aloes is hot in the second degree, * 1.89 and dry in the third, exceeding bitter, it opens the mouths of the veines, and therefore is hurtfull to such as are apt to a Flux of blood, or such as are with child, and Hecticks, and no way safe for those that are hot and dry, extenuated; tis most conveniently ta∣ken prepared, and extracted, and Rosated, as they call it, by reason of the bitternesse of it; it is not easily given in drinke, but in pills, most pro∣perly it is given from halfe a drachm, to three drachms.

Fleabane, * 1.90 or Flea-wort, the seed of it, is cold and dry, in the second degree, tis given in infusion, rather then in the substance, from a drachm to three drachms,

Stronger Purgers of Choler.

SCammony is hot and dry in the third degree, * 1.91 it primarily drawes choler, next Phlegmaticks humours, and unlesse it be well corrected, it frets the guts by its Acrimony, causeth gripings, opens the Orifices of the vessells, and causeth a Flux of blood, it hurts the stomack, Liver, and Heart, in∣flames the Spirits, and stirs up feavers, and therefore we sel∣dome use it alone; and least that it should offend, fat things are to be added, Tragacanth, Bdellium, Oyle of sweet Almonds, seed of Fleabane, Cinamon, Spike, Galangale, Fen∣nell seed, Quinces, Mastick, the juice of Violets, and Roses, tis commonly corrected, by boyling it in the substance of a Quince, and so prepared tis called Diagrydium, there is also prepared of it an extract, or Rosin, it is scarcely fit to be gi∣ven to those that are weake although it be corrected, the dose of Dyagridium is given from five to fifteen graines, some give a scruple.

Asarabecca purges choller by the Paunch, * 1.92 yet it rather stirs up vomit, it attenuates, opens obstructions, and provokes sweats, and therefore is profitable for Hydropick and Icterick persons, and such as are troubled with the Spleen, and Quar∣tan Agues, tis given in the substance from halfe a Drachme, to two Scruples or a Drachme, in infusion from two Drach∣mes to halfe an ounce.

The milder purgers of Phlegme.

MYrobolans, * 1.93 Chebulae which principally are good for the Braine and Liver, according to some evacuate also black choller, emblick which are appointed for the heart, Spleen, and Liver, as also Bellirick are cold, in the first, and dry in the second degree, and bind, and therfore are not safely given in obstructions, nor when Phleagme tenaci∣ously cleaves to the guts, but in fluctuations and in a loose∣nesse, and when there is need of astriction and corrobora∣ting, they are prepared according as we have shewed before, of the Citron Myrobalams there is also the same Dose to be given.

Agarick purges onely thin, and aqueous Phlegme, * 1.94 but not viscide, and principally evacuates the excrements of the Braine, and Lungs, opens obstructions of the bowells, yet is not so commodious for the stomack, and therefore the third part of Cloves, Nutmegs, Galingale, Sal gemmae, Ginger, are to be added, tis given in the substance to two Drachmes, in in infusion from two Drachmes to halfe an ounce.

Mechoacan also purges Phlegme, * 1.95 but principally se∣rous and aqueous humors, and therefore is excellent in Drop∣sies; tis corrected with the third part of Cinamon, Anniseed, Mastick, tis given from a drachme to two drachmes in the substance, in infusion to halfe an ounce.

The stronger Purger of Phlegme.

TVrbith is hot in the third, * 1.96 and dry in the second de∣gree, and drawes out thick and viscide Phlegme, even from the remotest parts, tis hurtfull to the stomack, and cau∣seth

loathing, and Vomit, and is not to be given to children, old men, nor Women with child, and when tis exhibited, it is to be corrected with Ginger, Mastick, Pepper, Cina∣mon, Fennel, Galingale, nor must you eat fish after you have used it, the Dose is from 2. scruples, to 4. scruples, in the substance, in infusion or decoction from 2. Drachmes to 3. Drachms to 6. Drachms.

The seed of wild Saffron, * 1.97 purgeth Fleagme, and Water, by Vomit and Stoole, and is very good for the breast, and such as have Asthmaes, but it is an enemy to the stomack, and therefore it is used with the third part of Cinamon, Galingale, Mastick, or Anniseed, tis given in decoction from three Drachmes to six Drachmes.

Coloquintida, * 1.98 which is hot and dry in the third degree drawes out Flegme, from the most profound and more re∣mote parts; Turbith cannot evacuate but is a most vehement medicine, and offends the stomack and Guts, when there is a Feaver; and moreover it useth to be sod, being bound up in a skin, tis seldome used alone, but instead thereof Tro∣ches made thereof, which they call Alhandals, are wont to be used, tis corrected with Cinamon, Tragacanth Mastick, Bdellium, and other Cordiacks, Hepaticks, and Stomaticks, tis given to 15. graines or a Scruple.

Hermodactiles purge thick Phlegme especially from the joynts, * 1.99 and therefore is good for the Gout; tis corrected with Cinamon, Ginger, Mints; tis given in the substance from 2. scruples to a Drachme and halfe, in infusion, or de∣coction to 3. Drachmes.

Euphorbium is hot and drying the fourth degree, * 1.100 it drawes away thick and tough Phlegme, but more powerfully aque∣ous humours, it is a violent medicine, and tis reckoned by some, rather among poysons, then purgers, tis corrected by cordials and stomaticks, Oyle of sweet Almonds, Saffron, Mastick, by the sowernesse of a Lynion or Cytron, the high∣est Dose of it is 10. Graines.

Opopanax heates in the third, * 1.101 and dries in the se∣cond, it drawes away thick and viscide Phlegme from the more remote parts and joynts, tis corrected with the third part of Ginger, Spike, Cinamon, or Mastick, tis given from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme.

Sagapenum is hot in the third, * 1.102 and dry in the second de∣gree, and purges clammy and thick humours from the Bow∣els, Braine, and more remote parts especially of old men

hurts the stomack and Liver, it is corrected as opopanax, the Dose is from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme.

The milder Purgers of Melancholy and black humours.

INdian myrobolans are of the same nature with the rest of them, onely that these purge melancholy. * 1.103

Polipodie evacuates adust choler, as also Phlegme; tis profitable in diseases of the splcene, and Hypocondries, * 1.104 the Dose is from a Drachme to three Drachmes, in infusion to an Ounce and above,

Epithymum purges a dust choller, * 1.105 and Melancholy with∣out trouble, and is profitable in Diseases proceeding from hence; yet because tis hot and dry in the third degree, tis sa∣fer to be used in Winter, then in Summer, tis given in the substance from two Drachmes, to three Drachmes in infusi∣on from halfe an ounce to an ounce.

Sena is as it were the middle betwixt the stronger and weaker, hot in the second, dry in the first, * 1.106 tis a very usefull medicine, which not onely evacuates adust humours, but also choler and Phlegme; cleanseth all the bowels, and is con∣venient for all ages, when tis more dry tis not inconveniently corrected with the flowers of Violets and Burrage, Ginger, or Cinamon, or the fourth part of Galingale is added to it, the powder is given from a Drachme to two Drachmes, in in∣fusion from halfe an ounce to an ounce.

The stronger purgers of Melancholy and adust humors.

LApis Armenius purges dull, thick, melancholy humours, * 1.107 yet more gently then Hellebore, it is corrected by washing in Cordiall waters, tis given from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme, or sometimes to a Drachme and halfe.

Lapis Lazuli hath the same vertue but is something wea∣ker, tis corrected with Cordialls, the Dose is the same. * 1.108

Black Hellebore is not usually to be given to children; * 1.109 women that are great, nor to weake bodies, and indeed it is more safely given in decoction, then in the substance, tis corrected with Cordialls, and stomaticks; tis given in the

substance from a scruple to two, nay to a Drachme, in infu∣sion or decoction from a Drachme to halfe an ounce.

Hydragogues and such as evacuate aqueous humours.

THe juice of the root of Flowerdeluce is hot and dry in the third, * 1.110 opens drawes, out thin Choller and water; but for women with Child tis not so safe, because it provokes the months, tis corrected with a little Wine and Cinamon, and Manna, or honey of Roses is added; or decoction of reysins of the Sun, tis given from halfe an Ounce to an Ounce and halfe, or two Ounces.

Gratiola or hedge Hyssop purges by stoole and vomit, * 1.111 but troubles not a little the body, tis corrected with Cina∣mon, Anniseed, Liquorish, tis given in the substance to a Drachme, in decoction from halfe an Ounce to an Ounce.

Elaterium or the juice of wild Cucumbers drawes water and choller out of the Bowels, * 1.112 and happily drawes forth the water of hydropick persons, but it provokes vomit also, gripes the bowels, opens the mouthes of the Veines, and unlesse it be cautiously exhibited doth mischiefe; tis corrected with Tra∣gacanth, Fleawort, Bdellium and Cinamon; in the Dose you must not easily exceed six Graines.

The rine and juice of the root spurge, * 1.113 purgeth and gnaw∣eth powerfully, and therefore is corrected with Bdellium, Tragacanth, Mucilage of Fleawort, Cinamon, Spike, the Dose of the Barke of the Root is from six graines to fifteene graines, but of the milke (or juice) from three graines to eight graines.

Mezereon whose force is fiery, * 1.114 exceeding sharpe, exulcera∣ting, biting, kindling Feavers, dissolving the strength of the heart, and noble parts, and purging choller violently; and Bilous serosities, tis corrected with Sorrel, with the juice of Pomegranates or of Quinces, of Purslan, Mucelage of the seed of Fleabane, the Dose in the substance is from six grains to ten graines, in the decoction from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme.

Dwarfe elder, * 1.115 or Dane wort and elder, the seed and mid∣dle barke, and juice of the root and leaves, draw out water, they are corrected with Cinamon, the Dose of the berries is given to a Drachme, of the barks to two drachms, of the juice

from halfe an ounce to six drachmes.

Soldanella or sea Colewort are the best remedy to draw out water, but tis an enemy to the stomack, * 1.116 tis corrected with Ci∣namon, and Ginger, the Dose is from a drachme to 2. drach∣mes, of the juice to halfe an ounce.

Gummigote purgeth choller and water, * 1.117 and oftentimes cau∣seth vomit, which is prohibited by the addition of the spirit of salt or Mace, the Dose is from five graines to eight graines.

The root of Ialap powerfully and with violence purgeth se∣rous and black humors, tis given from a scruple to 2. scruples. * 1.118

Although each of these do purge single humors, yet some of them do purge other humors also secondarily, Rhubarbe, A∣loes, Cassia, Agarick, Scammony, evacuate choller with Phleagme; Myrobolanes, Chebulae, Lapis Armenius, Lapis La∣zuli, Phlegme and black choller. Sena, Epithymum, Polipodie, black Hellebore, purge choler, Phleame, and Melancholy, the latter Physitians have drawne other medicines into use un∣known to the Ancients, prepared of Venus Mercury and Mars.

CHAP. XII. Of Medicines that cause vomits.

SEcondly amongst evacuating medicines are such as cause vomitings, * 1.119 which indeed evacuate the stomack immediat∣ly, yet if they are too strong they draw the neighbouring Bow∣els and the greater veines, they performe that for the most part by a peculiar propriety, by reason of which they have an inclination upwards, yet some of them for a manifest cause, namely because they swim in the stomack and oppresse it, and loosen the Orifice of the superior ventricle, such are all fat and oily substances. But some are gentle, others indiffe∣rent strong, others very strong.

The gentle are simple water, or Barley water luke warme, * 1.120 especially with a little honey, and salt, dranke by little and little at one draught, common oyle luke warme, foure ounces or six ounces, Hydromell largely taken, Hydreles to ten oun∣ces, Figgs newly eaten, and cold water dranked after.

The middle sort are the Flowers of Dill, * 1.121 as also the Seed of Orach, and of Raddish, they are given from two drachmes to halfe an ounce, the root of Asarabecca, and Orach are given in the substance to foure scruples; Bittony, the middle barke of a Walnut, to a drachme, in infusion to halfe an ounce, the greene pill that co∣ver the walnut shell dryed in an Oven, from halfe a

a drachm to a drachm, the juice of Raddish to two ounces, the tops of green Elder, (or the berries.)

The strongest are the Rootes, * 1.122 of Spurge, of Sow-bread, to a drachm; in infusion, from a drachm to two drachms; the Rootes of white Hellebore, in infusion from halfe a drachm to a drachm, adding cardiacks, Flowers of Danewort, Barkes, or Roote; Flowers of broome, seed of broome, from two drachms, to halfe an ounce, the seed of spurge, the husks be∣ing taken of, ten in number, a water to provoke vomit made of green Walnuts and Raddish Rootes, Ana, parts 2. of Vinegar part 3 d, being distilled, is given to two ounces or three ounces, white vitriol, Salt of vitriol, glasse of Mars, and Flowers, crocus Metallorum, and from thence a water to cause vomiting prepared by Rulandus, Mercurius vitae &c. are in use with the chymists.

CHAP XIII. Of Medicines causing Ʋrine.

OF Diuretick medicines, or such as cause Urine, some are properly so called, * 1.123 namely such as easily penetrate into the veines, and poure humors into them, they cut, and sepe∣rate the thick from the thin; that they may so doe, tis ne∣cessary that they be hot in the third degree, and of a most thin substance, of this kind are, the Rootes of smallage, Fen∣nell, Parsly, Butchers-broome, Sparagus, Valerian, Burnet, Spikenard, Asarabecca, Wormewood, Agrimony, Nettles, Ground-pine, Cheruil, Rue, Scordium, Anniseed, Fennell-seed, Hart-wort, cheruil, Gromwell, Saxifrage, Juniper-berries, sweet Almonds, Peach-stones, and water distilled out of them with Malmesey Wine, Cubebs, Garden-cresses, the wood cassia, Medicines of spirit of Salt, and of Tartar, others lesse properly so called, whereof some are hot but doe not at∣taine to the third degree, as Turpentine, Parsnips, Dill, Venus haire, fresh gathered Rootes of Smallage, others are moist also which supple, or loosen the passages of Urine, as Licorish, march Mallowes, the seed of Mallowes, others are cold, which have an abstersive faculty moderate, attenuating, and refrigerating force, such are Pippens, Gourds, Cucumbers, the substance and seed therof, Barley, Strawberries, whey, juice of citrons, and Lymons, others besides that they are of thin parts, they afford much aqueous humidity, as thin

white Wine, the seed of Melons, Gourds, cucumbers, waters of baths.

CHAP XIV. Of Medicines provoking sweats.

I Droticks, * 1.124 or Sudoriphicks are endued with a greater te∣nuity of parts, then Diureticks, they are hot also and be∣sides they penetrate into the farthest parts of the body and cut humours, they attenuate, rarify, and turne into exhala∣tion, and what ever is in their way, they carry with them, and drive into the extremities of the body, or if some amongst them are cold, or astringent also, by a hidden quality, where∣by they resist poyson, they drive malignant humours to the superficies of the body.

Such are Carduus Benedictus, Venus haire, Rootes of Fen∣nell, Smallage, Parsley, Burdocke, Burnet, Angelica, Tor∣mentill, Worm-seed, China, Flowers of chamomill, the wood guaicum, Sassafras, Irish slat, Harts-horne, juice of Elder, Bezoarticum, Minerald without; and with Gold, fixed steele, or Diaphoretick, and copper, and steele fixed, Diaphore∣tick, Mercury precipitate, also to provoke sweates, Laconick bathes, of sweet water are profitable, also fomentations, as warme Bottles, and hot Tiles, Frications, Vnctions and such like.

CHAP. XV. Of Diaphoreticks and Medicines, discussing wind.

DIaphoreticks, with the Greekes are the same, * 1.125 with dis∣cutient and dissolving medicines with the Latines, and they drive out through the insensible passages, and secret pores, all such things are hot and dry, and have power of converting humours into Vapours, and of opening, and dila∣ting the pores of the skin, such are camomill, Melilot, Dill, Fenugreek, Rue, seed of Flax, Lupines, Galbanum, dryed Pitch, Storax, Brimstone, Sagapenum, and such like which are lately named.

Next to these are they which are called, * 1.126 discussers of wind, which as well can discusse, and consume wind within the body as when it is moving to the extremities, such are,

besides those already named, century the lesse, which won∣derfully conduceth to the discussion of wind, upon the Hy∣pocondries, Anniseed, Bay-leaves, Pennyroyall, Fennel-seed caraway-seed, cummin, Ammi, carrot seed, Parsley, Agnus Castus, Dill, Juniper-berries, Bay-berries, Galingale, cloves, Mace, the Pills of Oranges, the genitalls of a Beaver.

CHAP. XVI. Of provoking courses, expelling the secundine, and a dead child.

SUch as bring downe menstrous, * 1.127 are either improperly so called, to wit, such as corroborate the expulsive faculty, or further the generation of blood, or else attenuate its thicknesse, and viscidity; or properly so called, which open obstructions of the wombe, and draw down blood to the wombe, which opening and cleanseing things most power∣fully performe, and such as are not of a very thin substance, least through their tenuity of substance, they should present∣ly be scattered, and therefore there is most conveniently provided for this purpose, things which have some bitter∣nesse, mixt with Acrimony; such like are Sage, Penny-royall, Dittany, or Garden-ginger, Marjerom, Rue, Cala∣mint, Wild-Marjerom, Bittony, Spike, Asarabecca, Mug∣wort, Germander, Worme-wood, Ground-pine, Rootes of red Madder, Birth-wort, Fennell, Parsley, Flowerdeluce, Eringo, Lovage, Burnet, Saffron, Flowers of white Violets, Parsnips, Juniper-berries, of Bays, Flowers of Camomill, Cinamon, Mirrh, native Borax.

The stronger of these drive out the secundine, * 1.128 and expell a dead child, which therefore are called casters out, and drivers out, or Ejaculators, because they drive out the young; such like are, Asa faetida, castor, Myrrh, and those things which are variously applyed externally, as Opopanax, Galba∣num, Amoniacum, Sulphure, the smell of the burnt hoofes of an Ass, Coloquintida, Rue, wild Cucumbers, the gall of a Cow, or Calfe.

CHAP. XVII. Of Medicines that breake the stone.

SInce the common Doctrine of the generation of stones is suspected, as is said before in the second Booke, page 2. * 1.129 C. 9. also the common opinion which strives to support it concerning the power of dissolving stones is suspected, and therefore here we deservedly fly to the propriety of the whole substance, which nevertheless is not inconveniently drawne, from a Saline or salt force, the medicines breaking the stone are Ground Ivy, Bitony, Pelitory, the Rootes of Rest-harrow, the five Diureticks, the Rootes of Raddish, Saxafrage, Burs, bitter Almonds, cherry-stones, the stones of Apricocks, the Kernells of Medlars, Grumwell, Parsnips, cinamon, Gourds, crabs stones, Goates blood, Lapis Judaicus, the Rootes of Sparrage, Snales, Lignum Nephriticum.

CHAP. XVIII. Of Errhines, Sternutatories, and Apophlegma∣tismes.

ERrhines draw out phlegme into the Nostrills, * 1.130 not from the ventricles of the braine but such as is about the mem∣branes covering the braine; they performe that by their heate and vitrosity wherewith they are endued by their extergent and sharpe faculty; such are made of Marjerom, Rue, Pimpernell, cabbage, Beetes, Rootes of Flowerdeluce, Fen∣nell flowre, Penneroyall, Wild Marjerom, Hore-hound, Sow-bread, Wild Cucumbers, celendine, Fell-wort, the juice of double or single Pasque flowre.

Ptarnicks, or Sternutatories, or such as cause sneezing, * 1.131 are those which by their Acrimony irritate the expulsive fa∣culty of the braine, which being wearied desiring to expel the medicine, sends out together with it the excrements, which remaine about its membranes, and in it selfe, such like are certaine Errhines most curiously powdered, and likewise white Pepper, Ginger, white Hellebore, bastard Pellitory, Caster, Cloves, sneezing-wort, Euphorbium.

Lastly, Apophlegmatismes, Masticatories, * 1.132 or Gargarismes are those which being put into the mouth and touching the

Palate, draw excrements from the braine into the Palate and mouth, and that by their whole substance, or by their heate and Acrimony, which poure out and melt excrements, and stimulate the expulsive faculty of the braine to expell, such are made of Mastick, Raisins, Hyssop, wild Marjerom, sweet Marjerom, Penneroyall, Caster, Cubebs, the barkes of the Rootes of Capers, Ginger, Fennell flowre, white and black Pepper, Mustard-seed, Turbith, Staves-acre.

CHAP. XIX Of things causing spittle.

THose things which helpe to evacuate humors in the breast and lunges when they are therein contained, * 1.133 ought to be cutting and attenuating and somewhat sharpe, that they may render what is thick thin, and what adheres by reason of viscidity, may be cleansed, least the thinner parts be∣ing resolved, the thick should be left behind and become un∣fit for expulsion, nor should they be too sharpe least they should stir up the cough, such are made of Hyssop, Venus haire, Scabious, Raisins, Horse-hoofes, the Roote of Elecam∣pane, Birth-wort, Angelico, Flowerdeluce, Wake-robbin, Squills, Licorish, Raisins of the Sun, Injubes, Sebestens, Almonds, Figs, Pistack-nuts, the feed of a silke worme, Gar∣den Cresses, Water-cresses, Hartwort, Nettle-seed, Sper∣ma ceti.

CHAP. XX. Of Medicines killing and expelling wormes.

LAstly those things may conveniently be referred to this ranke which kill wormes, * 1.134 whither they doe it by bitter∣nesse, or by a peculiar or occult force, such are century the lesser, Wormewood, the Herbe Lung-wort, Mints, the leaves of Peach-Trees, Rue, Purslan, Sorrell, Lyons-Tooth, Cynae or Santonici an Herbe like Southernwood, the stalkes of Leekes, Orach, Plantaine, Lupines, Rootes of Grapes, Ferne, Gentian; Elecampane, bitter Almonds, Peach-stones, Aloes, Syrup of Pomgranates, Citrons, Hearts-horne prepared, Bole armenick, Myrrh, whither they are ta∣ken inwardly or externally applyed to the Navill.

CHAP. XXI. Of drugs good against Poyson.

IN the last ranck of Medicines, * 1.135 we will place those things which resist Poyson which are called Alexiteria or Alexi∣pharmaca, all of these if we rightly weigh the matter, per∣forme that which they doe either with their whole substance, as they say, or else by some occult propriety: Medicines against Poyson are two-fold, some are generall, and common, which resist all manner of Poysons, and strengthen and comfort the heart and vitall Spirits, so that they cannot easily take in∣fection, others are particular which oppose some peculiar sort of Poyson.

Common Antidotes against Poyson are Angelica; * 1.136 Carduus Benedictus, Valerian, Dittany, Scabius, Divells-bit, Swal∣low-wort, Burnet, Tormentill, Rue, Germander, Sorrell, Worme-wood, Plantine, Marigolds, Speed-well, or Fluelin, Vipers-grass, Zedoary, Gentian, Juniper-berries, Citrons, Bezoar stone, Unicornes-horne, Harts-horne, Bole armenick, Irish-slat.

Of those Alexipharmicks which resist particular Poysons, * 1.137 many are delivered by Dioscordies in his sixth booke.

CHAP XXII. Of the manner of finding out the vertue of Medi∣cines.

WE come to the knowledge of the faculties of these Medicines two wayes, by reason, and Experience; * 1.138 and indeed especially by experience; for the force of some Medicines, as acting in their whole substan••, is found out only by experience and although reason may seeme to per∣swade some things, yet unlesse it be confirmed by experience it is to be rejected; truly those indications are not plainly to be rejected which are taken from externall passions of things, from the place, and Aire, from colours, and smells, and remarkeable signes, yet in many things they faile, unless experience be joyned: nay experience alone often sufficeth, for those things which are cleerly manifest to our senses, leave nothing of doubt, yet if that which is found by experience,

can be confirmed by reason, * 1.139 that is, by much the most cer∣taine knowledge, but when reason seemes to be adverse to experience, tis better to cleave to experience, yet experi∣ence ought not to be taken rashly, nor to be taken from one example but many observations, and those are choicely to be collected, which may be done if the medicine acting, and the body or subject suffering, be diligently considered.

In medicines, especially such as are taken from Plants, the substance, quantity, quality, age, time of gathering, na∣tive place, and such like, are to be considered, and especially to be regarded, whether it have got any strange, and acqui∣red quality, but it ought to have its owne vertue whole and entire.

The subject is mans body, and all medicines are said to be such, not absolutly, nor in respect of other things, but in re∣gard of mans body, whence it comes to passe, that experience ought to be made, of the primary qualities in a temperate man; in others for the most part, especially those that are sick, and those that are affected with me simple discase, and not a compound, least experience should be put out of its course, nor is it enough, that experience be made once, or in one body, but observation ought to be made in many that are alike in Temperament, age, sex, structure of body; it is also to be considered whether any Medicine, performes any thing primarily, and by its selfe, or by accident.

THE FIFTH BOOK, PART. I. SECT. II. OF CHYRƲRGERY.

CHAP I. Of Chyrurgery in generall.

AFter we have spoken of the faculties of the medi∣cines, it remains that now we speake of Chyrurgery, and that we propound all the operations, which are made by the hand, and Chyrurgicall instruments, in mans body, for the recovering of healths sake, we will pro∣pound the operations which often are the matter of helpe. * 1.140

But although the word Chyrurgery, which signifies manuell operation, may be taken of all actions, which are done by the hand, yet according to Preheminency, tis taken for that part of Physick, in particular, which by the artificiall use of the hand, cures diseases of mans body, which are con∣trary to nature, and so Chyrurgery is imployed only in the externall parts of the body, and exercised in those internall parts also to which the hand, and Chyrurgicall instruments can reach.

Sith hence three things are required to performe an action, the Agent, the Subject patient, and those things by which

the action is made, in Chyrurgery also, these three are to be considered, * 1.141 the Agent, is the Chyurgeon, which Celsus in his seventh Book, and the beginning of that Book thus des∣cribes, a Chyrurgeon ought to be a young man, or a middle aged man, with a strong hand, stable and never shaking, and as ready with his left hand as with his right, sharpe, quick and cleere sighted, not daunted in courage, not pittifull, as he is willing to cure, whom he takes in hand, one that may not by the clamour hasten his motion more then the matter re∣quires, nor losse then is necessary, let him cut, but let him performe all things, as if no others paine could trouble him by their crying.

The subject is mans body, * 1.142 the knowledge exactly wher of, and the figure of every part, and their scituation, and con∣coction is required in a Chyrurgeon, which often defection of bodyes will bring forth.

Those things by which an action is performed, are instru∣ments; and some other things are necessary for perfor∣mance of operations, as the place, light, garments, Servants, standers by.

The Instruments are various, * 1.143 yet the cheife are, an in∣cission knife, a Pen-knife, a paire of Tongs, an instrument to pluck haire from the body by the Rootes, called vossella, a Probe, a broad Probe, a Seaton needle, a Needle, Threed, a Hooke, a little hollow Instrument of Chyrurgeons, boared, a Phillet, Swathing-bands, Clouts, and little rags, Lint, Sponge.

The place is to be chosen, * 1.144 which is most commodious for Chyrurgicall operations, and wherein the sick may not be hurt, by wind, cold, heate, or any externall accident.

The light whether it be that of the Sun, * 1.145 or some other, ought to be such, that the Chyrurgeon may accurately dis∣cerne that part, which he dresseth, least he should offend himselfe or the patient.

The Servants, * 1.146 and standers by ought not to be displeasing and troublesome to the sick, but ought to be attentive to the commands of the Chyrurgeon, silent, and which is their duty, faithfull to performe his dictates.

The garments of the Chyrurgeon ought to be so made, * 1.147 that they may no way hinder him in his operation.

The Chyrurgeon himselfe ought to endeavour as much as in him lyeth, to performe his operation presentsy, safely, and with delight, and as much as possible without paine.

All the Chyrurgicall operations are five, * 1.148 a putting toge∣ther or conjunction of seperated parts, a correcting and set∣ting right of those things which are out of joynt, or out of their place, a Solution of continuity, an Extirpation, or cut∣ting off of Superfluities, and a Restitution of deficiencies, of which now in their order.

CHAP II. Of putting together, and binding in generall.

POsition is that operation of Chyrurgery whereby the parts, are joyned together, * 1.149 which were seperated contra∣ry to nature.

Deligation or binding is necessary to this as also for the most part to other Chyrurgicall operations, to which belongs fascia∣tion, or Swathing-bands, and the putting in of Tents, fitting of Splints to bind about wounds, and the action it selfe or putting in of a round string to cleanse the wound, aright or true placing of the part bound.

Of Swadling.

A Swath is a long and broad band (or list:) * 1.150 fasciation is a convenient circumduction and convolution of the swa∣thing-band about the member to be cured, the most conve∣nient bands are linnen, which are cleane, light, soft, which have neither seames, nor knots.

The differences of Swathing-bands are various, * 1.151 which are taken from their figure, length, and breadth, they differ in respect of figure, because some are rolled up thick, long and equally broad, and rolled up into a round circle, others are rent, or broken, which consists only of one linnen cloath, but that cut or parted, either in the middle or outsides, others are sowed together, which are Swathing-bands and Ligatures ending in divers heads, and representing severall figures; Swadlings differ in longitude, because some are longer, others shorter, and so it is of latitude.

There are two kinds of deligation, the one simple, * 1.152 the other compound or manifold, the simple is either equall or une∣quall, the simple that is equall, is only round, which incom∣passeth

the affected member, in a round circle, alike every way, without declination, unto either part, but is simple e∣quall, binding is divided into Asciam, and Simam, which only differ in respect of more and lesse, because Asciadeclines a little from a round, but Sima, much of severall wayes of swathing are many differences, taken from the similitude of the parts which are bound, or from the similitude of cer∣taine Animalls or other things, of which Galen in his Book of swathing.

As for what belongs to the manner, * 1.153 sometimes the bind∣ing, is to be begun from the part affected, other times from a sound part, neerest to the part affected, sometimes from the opposite part, moreover sometimes swathing is to begin, at the end of the swathing-band, sometimes at the middle, thirdly swathing-bands should neither presse the part too hard, nor suffer it to be loose, for when tis too loose, it doth not sufficiently containe the part, and when it is too hard it causeth paine and inflamation.

The use of swathing is twofold, one by its selfe, which is to draw together the disjoyned parts, to contract thedilated, to direct the distorted, to containe the member framed and the adjunct parts, to resist a humour flowing; or to represse a humour which is already flowne, or to force blood to extenua∣ted parts; but that which begins in a place affected re∣presseth from the part, that which begins from a sound or opposite, forces towards the part, the other is by accident, which is to keep on medicines applyed to any part.

Of Cerots or Bolsters.

SPlenia, * 1.154 are Plaisters so called, from the figure of the Spleen, the Ancients calls them, Plumaccoli, but now they are called Pulvilli, Plagulae, they are linnen rags folded up together, which are put to the part, some according to longi∣tude right, others oblique, others transverse, and some doub∣led, fome threefold, others fourefold, sometimes single, and sometimes more, according to the use which they are put for to strengthen, the binding members, unequall in thicknesse, or thin and hollow parts are to be equalled, and filled up; that the whole dilagation may be equall, the parts also

are to be defended from the paine of the swathings and bands, and the Sanies, and thin matter, is to be expressed and imbibed.

Of Splents.

SPlentors, or splents, * 1.155 which are wont to be fitted to broken bones, and such as are out of joynt, after they are set, which were prepared by the Ancients, of wooden-slips of a cane, but now they are prepared of the wood, of Firre, or splentors of some other wood, or of the Barks of Trees, or Paistboard, and hard Leather, which may answer to the parts greivously wounded, or broken, or put out of joynt, especially to the hands, sometimes to the chest of the body, so made up, of light wood, that they may answer to the figure of the member, or of white thin plates of Iron, or tough skin, or shell, Paper glued together, and fitted, so that they may containe, the parts drawn and joyned together, least that they shake or totter, and slip out againe, and slide out of their places.

Of Binders.

LAqueus, * 1.156 is a band or binder so knit together that being drawn in or prest by weight, is shut, or closed, the use there∣of is to extend broken limbs, or such as are out of joynt, to continue such as are put right in their places, to bind the parts and draw them in straight, also to bind the heads of vessells out of which blood flowes, the differences of them may be seene, in Oribasius de Laqueis.

Of fit placing of a member that is bound.

THe convenient placing of a part that is bound consists in this, that it may have that position, which may pre∣serve its naturall figure, and may be without paine, and may be convenient for the cure of a disease. A member shall be so

placed if all its parts, bones, muscles, nerves, veines, and arteries, may enjoy that position whereby they neither are distended, nor pressed; if the member be set or placed softly, and equally; if the orifice in a hallow ulcer, or wound, tend downeward as much as may be, that the quitture may be purged out; lastly if moderation be observed in ordering of the binding so that it be neither too straight nor too loose.

But collocation is made either by putting in, or by sus∣pending; a member is fitly restored, when tis underpropt with certaine stayes, with feathers, wooll, or soft rags, that it may be quiet and leaning or resting on somewhat, it should lye allwayes even, and soft, least it either should be shaken by motion, or extended by reason of flux, or least the sanies and thin matter should be retained in it: the member is suspended, either when the sick keepes his bed, or newly be∣gins to walke, and especially the hand, and the arme are to be kept in a Swath, which Celsus calls, Mitellam.

CHAP III. Of Coaptation of broken bones.

Synthesis, which joynes together seperated parts, is either of bones, * 1.157 or of fleshy and soft parts, setting together bones is either a fitting those that are broken, or a restoring those which were out of joynt.

The putting together of broken bones, is performed by two operations, * 1.158 whereof the one is called Catastasis, Antitasis, or extension; the other is called Diorthosis conformation, or tis called reposition of the bones, into their owne places; extension is either equall, or unequall, equall is that wherein the member is equally extended from either side of the broken bone, but that is said to be une∣quall, when the member is more extended on one side; that side ought to be more extended, wherein the broken bone is contained but no man can rightly performe those operations, * 1.159 unlesse he knoweth the nature, and differences of bones and fractures, for when a muscle is drawn back to its head, and so carries with it that part of the member which is joyned to it, first there is need of extending, which the Greekes call Antitasis, which ought to be done, as neere as may be, with little or no paine, and that is performed by one worke, or more, and that either with the hands only, or raynes as it

were swathings, or instruments, according as the bone is more or lesse broken.

Diorthosis, or conformation, * 1.160 is a restitution of a broken bone into its place, and a right fitting of the extremities of the broken bone, which is performed if after the member be so much extended, that in putting it back the bones cannot touch one another, the Chyrurgeon is to take hold of the member on both sides, with both his hands, and that which is slid into the right part he should thrust into the left, and the contrary, and what ever hangs out of the bones, he should put back into their owne cavities, untill the extremities of the bone are rightly united, and thrust back, into their places, and the member hath recovered its naturall figure. * 1.161

But if the extremities of the broken bones, breake through the skin, that they hang out, some convenient instrument of Iron, like a barr, is to be used, to force the broken bones into their place, but if any particle of a bone so hang out, that it cannot easily be put into its place, it is to be cut off with a sharp paire of cissars, or to be filed off with a file, that it may be shorter, neither let it any more hinder the reposition: in such a fracture which is joyned with a wound, if any thing stick betwixt the broken bones, which may impede their glutina∣tion, whither particles of a bone, or any thing whatsoever, it is to be taken away without violence; when the bones are rightly placed, the extension is to be remitted by degrees, and with convenient binding and placing of the member, and so to be performed, that the bones united and rightly framed may remaine so.

Yet before swathing-bands are put about a broken mem∣ber some medicines used to be applyed, to hinder the Flux of humours and inflamation, and to farther the generation of brawny flesh, of which, read the Institutions.

The deligation is to be performed, * 1.162 neither too straight nor too loose, with two swathing-bands, whereof the first is to begin above the fracture, and to be bound about it, twice or thrice upwards; the other, being longer by halfe, is to be rolled about the contrary way, and is to be put on first upon the fracture, and beginning from thence to be rolled about something downeward and againe is to be carried above the fracture, and lastly towards

the superior sound part, but in fractures of great bones, that the deligation may be the more stable, and the bones firme∣ly put into their places, may remaine so, Bolsters or crosse folded cloathes, and splentors, and Plates, are also to be used, moreover the member is rightly to be placed, gently, equal∣ly, and inclining upwards, so that the part may obtaine its naturall position, to which purpose, both a hollow Pipe, and Cane, or Plate, or such like, are sometimes to be applyed, the deligation being well performed, is to be loosned the third day, the fracture to be cleansed, and bound up againe, and this is to be continued untill hard flesh be grown, and the fracture healed, but if a fracture be joyned with a wound, after the extension is abated, and there is convenient con∣formation of the broken bones, the lips of the wound are to be drawne together, and being drawn, to be kept together, yet so that the swath-bands be not too straight bound, which ought to be flacker, and to be extended on both sides, be∣yond the lips of the wound, least paine should be stirred up, but in the following deligations, a hole, or vent, may be cut above the wound, both through the Plaisters, and swa∣thing bands, that it may be perfectly cured.

CHAP IV. Of restoring of bones that are out of joynt.

Synthesis which puts bones slid out of their places into them again, calle this Arthrembla, this is performed three wayes, either with the hands of the Chyrurgeon which is convenient in tender bodyes, and when the hurt is newly done, or with certaine common instruments, as by the helpe of raynes, swa∣thing-bands, Laqueorum, scalarum, sedilium, forium bifidar∣um, and it is convenient for children, Women, and those whose muscles are grown stronger, and luxations have been longer, or by instruments, certaine Engines, peculiar for that purpose, is performed, and are used for strong bodyes, and old luxations, and altogether on those, which cannot be re∣stored by the two former wayes, of such Engines, you may see Hippocrates, of joynts and fractures, and Oribasius of Engines intititled, de machinis.

But after what manner soever, restitution of a boneout of joynt is performed, foure operations are necessary to doe, it

first Extension, Reposition, Deligation, and Confirmation, * 1.163 and Collocation, of the members so replaced.

Extension, is made, either by the hands of the Chyrurge∣on, or his Servants, or by raynes, bindings and swathings, or Instruments, and Engines, as is said.

Extension being made, the bone which is slid out of its place is to be put into it againe, which worke the Greekes call, Moclia, and Mocleuses, * 1.164 namely a compulsion of a bone that is out of joynt and extended into its owne place, which being slid from or out of the end, in the same way which the joynt slid, it ought to be put back to that place out of which it slid, whereof there are so many wayes as there are joynts.

The joynt being restored, the intention is to be remitted and the member afterwards, so to be strengthned that the joynt cannot againe goe out of its place, * 1.165 which for the most part is performed in the same manner as in fractures.

Lastly the member is to be placed gently, and equally, and to be kept unmoved till the fourth or seventh day. * 1.166

CHAP. V. Of the putting together of the soft and fleshy parts.

THe fleshy and soft parts, disjoyned, * 1.167 preternaturally are joyned together, either without any division of them, or by solution of their continuity, that putting together, which is performed without any division of parts is various, and of different parts, and first of all sometimes certaine parts being slid out of their places, come to be put into their naturall place againe, such are the guts, and paunch, which sometimes by the wounds of the paunch come out, sometimes the Rim of the belly being loosned, or broken, falls into the groine, and cods, or breake out at the navell, hitherto belongs the wombe, and gut Rectum, which sometimes also fall out of their places, and therefore all these are to be put into their places againe, but how the restoring of each singular part ought to be performed, is spoken in our Institutions, and 3 d. Book of praxis.

Moreover, * 1.168 for what belongs to the manner of joyning together, wounded parts, without division, the lips of the wounds, since they are disjoyned, are to be brought and joyned together, and when they are brought, being joyned are to be kept together, which may be done too wayes without solution of continuity, either

by swathing, or gluing, or a suture with the Glue, and in∣deed as for swathing that is convenient being made for Wounds according to the length of the member, * 1.169 and not very deep, and when we hope by fasciation only, the lips may be joyned. A future is not rashly to be appointed, and indeed if the wound be long, narrow, and straight, swathing is better, that is, deligation of three fingers breadth is enough. The manner of fasciation may be seen in the Institutions.

But when in transverse and long wounds, * 1.170 sasciation a∣lone is not sufficient to draw and continue the lips of the wound together, there is need of a suture; but when in wounds of the face prickings cause deformities, and in o∣ther long and great wounds before the glutination of the wound the sutures are broke; render bodies also cannot in∣dure a seam which is made with a needle, a certain lutina∣tion or suture is invented by glue, by which without any division of the wounded part, or stitching with a needle, the lips of the wound are drawn together. Provision to perform this may be seen in the Institutions.

But that conjunction of wounded parts which is made by solution of continuity is performed with a suture and pipes to the suture, * 1.171 three Instruments are to be used, the Nee∣dle must be triangular and thred strong, least it should be broken, not too hard, but softned with Wax, equall, or e∣ven, the Pipe ought to be Gold mixt with Copper, or Sil∣ver, with a hole in the end that the Needle may passe through the hole, and the Pipe holding it, and being put to i••, it may stay the lips of the wound, least whilst the needle is put to it it should be stirred, neither should it be lengthned to the protraction of the thred and needle: the manner of the suture is two-fold, the one is that which is performed in the same manner as Skinners or Furriers use to sow their skins, being fitted for wounded guts; the other is thus, in the middle of the wound, with a Needle drawing a double thred, the lips of the wound are tied, and a knot being made, the thred a little above the knot, is to be cut off: Moreover in the middle space on both sides another hole is to be pricked with a double thred, and a knot being made in the like manner, tis to be cut off, and that is to be con∣tinued till the lips of the wound be rightly sowne together, and brought to mutuall contract. * 1.172

There is mention also amongst the ancients of a Pipe,

but what it was for the most part is unknown at this day, since it is incredible that those iron hooks should be fixed to the skin, since that would have caused intollerable pain, the opinion of Gabriel Fallopius is more probable, who teach∣eth that pipe to be that suture newly described, which is cal∣led Intercisa, and at this day is most frequent, which is drawn with a needle drawing a double thred through both the lips of the wound, and above the wound, with three involutions, both the ends of the thred are tied together and knit into a knot. But the word Fibula signifies every Instrument that joyneth things together. And thus much of the Chyrurgicall operation which is of putting or joyn∣ing together.

CHAP. VI. Of correcting of Bones that are represt or set a∣wry.

THe other Chyrurgicall operation is Diorthosis, or the putting right, a correcting of bones put awry, or wri∣then; The Skull if it be deprest, which often happens in Children, is to be reduced into its naturall condition and place, either with Cupping-glasses, the haire being shaved with a great flame put to them, and the mouth and nostrils being shut, the Patient by expiration, together with a violent striving, by putting Cucurbita Cornea, out of which the mouth and nostrills of the sick being shut, a strong man may suck up aire, or with some Plaister sticking very fast to the skin, which is to be applied, and when it cleaves very fast then to twich it up, or with an elevating Augur, or trepan, or by performation and elevation of the Skull.

The bones of the nose being broken or bruised, * 1.173 are to be drawn back by the finger, or a Specillum put into the no∣strill, and without are to be directed and put into frame by the hand, and afterwards a tent is to be put into the hol∣low of the nose or nostrill.

A member being contracted first it is to be softned, * 1.174 after∣wards either gently to be bowed, or with an Instrument fit for that purpose it is tenderly and by degrees to be drawn in, or stretched out.

The Legs or Armes in Infants being awry, * 1.175 the best way of directing them is, that they may be reduced by handling and directing them gently with the hands and by degrees, and with swathings drawing them the contrary way to that which they are in, and by rolling the swath-band by little and little they may be reduced into their naturall and due figure, but if the swathing be not strong enough, and that the child desire to goe, little bootes like bagging shooes in that manner as Paraeus hath described them in his twentyeth book of Chyrurgery, Chap. the eleventh, are to be fitted to his Legs; and thus much of the second operation of Chyrurge∣ry.

CHAP. VII. Of disjunction in generall, and of dissection of soft parts.

THe third operation of Chyrurgery is disjunction, * 1.176 which devides those parts of the body which are joyned and continued together, of the first of these there are two kindes, Section, and Ustion; Section, some is of soft some of hard parts; and of soft parts according as it is made by cutting or pricking, in particular it is called, Tome, or cutting, or Pa∣racentesis, pricking; of the bones and hard parts there is per∣foration or boaring with a wimble, shaving, filing, sawing; lastly Ustion is common both to hard and soft parts, all which operations are now to be explayned in their severall kindes.

In cutting soft parts, * 1.177 first comes the opening of a veine, which is appointed for emission of blood out of the body, in divers parts of the body, the provision and convenient prepa∣rations for that purpose may be seen in the institutions.

Moreover since that sometimes the matter in tumours should be changed into quitture, * 1.178 nor doth an imposthuma∣tion, allwayes breake of its owne accord, and it is to be doubted least the purulent matter retained should offend the neighbouring parts, and bring rottennesse to the bones, some∣times also there is venemous matter, and affects the way to the internall parts, or an imposthumation or Ulcer neere a principle part, or joynts, may stop the fundament, oftentimes an Ulcer or imposthume full of matteris to be opened with an Instrument, or by which opening ought to be so performed

as that the adjacent veines, arteries and nerves may not be offended; the Sanies either is included in a bladder, or else hath no bladder; if the quitture be not included in a blad∣der, let that part be wounded that the tumour may come to its height, and the skin is very thin, yet as neere as may be doe it in a declining part; the Instruments fit for cutting are, variety of Incision knifes, according to the variety of figures, and necessity of their use, the bignesse of the cut is to answer to the quantity and the quality of the matter to be emitted, an incision being made, and the matter in some part evacuated, least the wound before the whole matter be let out should close up againe, tents are to be put in, nay if neede be, the wound must be dilated, and the part so bound up and placed, that the quitture may conveniently flow forth, but if the purulent matter be inclosed in a bag, the tumour according to its longitude if it be lesse or cut athwart like, the letter X; if it be greater and the whole bagg with the matter in it, tis to be taken out and nothing of it to be left be∣hind.

Thirdly Fistulaes also are often to be cut, * 1.179 which is done with a fit Instrument, which therefore the Greeks call Syrin∣gotomon that is a Pipe cutter, the manner of cutting may be seen in the Institutions.

Fourthly parts also are sometimes to be separated which are joyned together from ones birth, after ones birth, * 1.180 where∣unto belongs the cutting of the tongue when it is tyed, of eares when they are shut, of the fundament when it is closed, the opening of the private part of a female, the free∣ing of the prepucium when tis straightned, a seperation of it from the glans, the opening of the top of the yard, or glans when tis closed, separation of fingers growing together, the opening of the eye lids when they grow together, all which may be performed by cutting by a skilfull Chyrurgeon, and how it shall be performed, shall be explained in the Institu∣tions.

Fifthly hitherto belongs scarrification, * 1.181 which is performed with an incision knife, or launce, and so that the skin may be opened only with gentle cuttings, or to wound it deeper, and that the more ready evacuation of blood may follow, cupping glasses for the most part with a burning flame are to be applyed, which may attract the humours more potently, yet sometimes scarrification is appointed without cupping glasses, such as that of Mallets which was in use amongst

the Ancients, and the scarrification, in use with the Aegyptians this day.

Sixtly, * 1.182 Angeiologia so called in particular, which is a cutting of the vessells in the forehead, in the Megrim, and an invete∣rate Opthalmy, and when there is a perpetuall weeping of the eyes, whereby a vessell, freed from the neighboring parts, is tyed with a threed on both sides, and afterwards in the middle betwixt the two threeds it is to be cut transverse according as the manner of operations is delivered in the In∣stitutions.

To the cutting of vessells belong the cutting of the varices, * 1.183 which was done by the Ancients, almost in the same man∣ner as the cutting of the other vessells lastly propounded, as you may see out of Celsus the 18. Book Chap. the 13. Paulus Aegineta the 6. Book the 82. Chap. Hier. Fabricius hath another manner of Chyrurgicall operation, Tit. of Chyrurge∣ry of the vessells called varices, namely such a one, the In∣strument Volcella (which is to pluck up haire by the Roote) bowed or lifted up first with a hooke, he prick; the varices in many places, afterwards he puts to it a binding medicine re∣presenting the figure of a candle, according to length of it, and upon this he puts the barke of a hollow reed or Cane,

To Angeiologie also may be referred that cutting of an Aneurisme, * 1.184 out of Paulus Aegineta, 6. Book, 37. Chap. and 64. Chap. which may there be seen, which neverthelesse is scarce to be attempted unlesse the Aneurisme be very small, and in an ignoble part, not having any great vessells, since without great danger it cannot be performed.

Seaventhly, * 1.185 to Seperation or Section, belongs Paracentesis by which word every pricking in generall was denoted by the Ancients, and tis performed in divers parts, and that either with a needle or with the point of a knife, this opera∣tion is famous and Ancient, in the paunch, to evacuate wa∣ter of those that have dropsies, which retaines the name of the generall name, the manner and reason of performing whereof in the Institutions and in the 3. Booke of Practise part the 6 th. sec. the 2 d. Chap. 3. is delivered; in water of the head the same pricking is sometimes used in the skin of the head, and in the cods filled with water.

Hereunto belongs the cure of a Cataract by pricking which is so to be performed as Celsus also describes in his 7. * 1.186 Book and 7. Chap.

As also the cutting of the wind-pipe, * 1.187 which is called Laryn∣gotome, which when it is necessary is to be performed with a launce, (the other parts being removed, under the Larynx betwixt the third and fourth ring of the Wind-pipe, the manner of operation is propounded in the Institutions.

As also the cutting of the brest, in an Empyema, * 1.188 or an Ulcer or imposthume, in the cavity of the brest, which is performed on one side of the brest, betwixt the fift, and sixt rib, and how it also is to be performed is explained in the Institutions.

Moreover a Seton, * 1.189 or using of a Seton Needle by which operation the neck is prickt, and the wound kept open, that peccant humours may be evacuated by it, of which operation you may also read in the Institutions.

To prickings, we have annexed leaches, * 1.190 or the applica∣tion of leaches, which being chosen, prepared, and cleansed, are applyed with a rag, or a reed; by their biting they open the veines and draw out blood, and indeed from the sub∣cutaneous parts only, and capillary veines, if they are apply∣ed only to the skin, but if they are applyed to any great ves∣sell, they draw blood from the innermost parts of the whole body, and therefore they are applyed according as there is need of this or that evacuation, and are applyed to children when we dare not use the launce to open veines. To the veines of their armes when they are affected with any grei∣vous disease that requires evacuacion of blood.

CHAP VIII. Of Section of Bones.

BUt that cutting which is performed in hard parts or bones is fourefold, according to the various manner of seperation, and variety of instruments, namely shaving, filing perforation, and sawing.

First shaving is a plaining and a making smooth of the inequality of bones with an incision knife shaving them, * 1.191 or a detraction and taking away of the filth clinging fast to the bones, and it is performed with files, in magnitude and figure, according to the severall natures of diseases and of bones; either straight, such as are hammers which they use in driving, or bent in the end such as they use in drawing, sometimes they use both a file, and a Hammer wrapt in a clout.

Secondly filing, * 1.192 or wearing away of bones with a file, it usefull in the teeth when they hang out contrary to nature.

The third is perforation whereby we cut the part out of the middle of a bone, * 1.193 either with a Trepan or with a file, or together with a Trepan and a file; the perforation which is made by a Trepan, the Greekes call, Trupesis, a wimble they call Trupanon, * 1.194 and Trupane; but a Trepan is either straight and sharpe, and in a hollowed circle, which is called a wimble in particular, or it is hollow which is called, Modic∣lus; Trepan is like to common wimbles which Carpenters use, and tis twofold, the one is that which answers plainly to the wimbles of Carpenters; the other, which neere the point at such a distance as the thicknesse of the skull is of, hath a knot without, or a circle fitted, which whilst the Trepan is within the skull, hinders it that it cannot goe deeper then is fit, which kind of Trepan, because it cannot goe deeper, the Greekes call Trupanon, or Abaptiston; Modiolus the Greeks call, Cointhion, and Coinichis, and Prion Caractos, tis a hollow Instrument of Iron, round and long like a Pillar, at the bottome of the mouth like a saw, or full of teeth, and straight Trepans, which are called Periteria, are opposed to it, which are turned about with a handle, which if it have a naile (or pin) in the middle tis called male, and if it have not is called female, but the perforation or boaring is per∣formed principally when the skull is broke, or when some matter, or blood is contained within the skull, the manner of which operation may be seen in the Institutions, sometimes also in rotten bones when the rottennesse goes deep.

Lastly by sawing, * 1.195 or cutting with a saw, bones are divided, when any dead part, the flesh being first cut away with a knife to the bone, and the bone is laid open, or when some broken bone hangs our, and cannot be put back into it place, or when any chinke is to be filled up, or when the table of the skull is to be taken away.

CHAP. IX. Of Burning.

THe last kind of seperation remaines, * 1.196 which is burning, which is to be used when diseases cannot be taken away by medicines, nor cutting; burning is performed two wayes, * 1.197 either by those things which actually have in them fire, and a fiery quality as Iron, or other fiery Instruments made of Gold, Silver, Brasse, which are called actuall Cauteries, or with burning medicines, which are called potentiall Caute∣ries.

There are some differences of actuall Cauteries, especially, * 1.198 in respect of matter and figure, and differing also some other wayes; as for matter, Metallick Instruments prepared of Iron, Brasse, Silver, Gold, are in use this day, Iron burnes potently, Brasse and Gold not so violently, the figures of Cauteries are various, which are described every where, sometimes they are fiered more, sometimes lesse, sometimes impressed deeper, sometimes superficially only, the manner of burning is to be seen in the Institutions,

Another manner of burning is that which is performed by potentiall Cauteries, * 1.199 what Caustick medicines are, and Es∣caroticks, is spoken above, part the 1. sect the 1. Chap the 10 th. and in what manner Cauteries are to be prepared shall be shewne in the end of this Book.

Fontanells, * 1.200 and Issues are made by actuall and potentiall Cauteries, namely little Ulcers, prepared to evacuate, draw back, and drive humours through them, but in what parts, and how these Fontanells are to be made shall be shewn in the Institutions.

To this third operation may be referred that, * 1.201 whereby something is drawn in the body, or out of the body, by cup∣ping glasses, but a cupping glass is a vessell with a belly which is fastned to the body to draw, all whose strength of acting comes by reason of vacuity, but what the differences of them are, the manner of applying of them, and their use, shall be shewn in the Institutions: and thus much of the third Chy∣rurgicall operation.

CHAP. X. Of drawing of things out of the body which were sent into the body from without

THe fourth Chyrurgicall operation is, * 1.202 Exairesis, or extract∣ion of hurtfull and unprofitable things out of the body; but things which are to be taken away, are either sent from without into the body, or begotten in the body.

First for what belongs to the extraction of things sent from without into the body, they are twofold; first all those things which are sent to wound the body, as darts of all sorts, and Bullets shot out of Guns; Moreover certaine ex∣ternall things which come into the Chops and Throate, Eares, Nostrills, and Eyes, and stick in them,

But Darts are taken out two wayes, either by extraction, or impulsion, that is, either that way which they came in, or that way which it aimed to goe out at; tis drawne out by the part which it came in at, either without any launcing, or with launcing; for if the dart pierced not deep, if it hath not passed through great vessells, or nervous parts, and and meetes with a bone, veines, arteries, or nerves, out of the region whither it tended, and if there be no feare of any great tearing, it may be drawn back that way, which it enter∣ed into the body, and that without cutting; but if there be danger, and that it be to be feared least that the body should be lacerated, if the dart should be drawn out the same way that it went in at, the wound is to be dilated either by cutting, or without launcing, namely with that Instrument, which Ce••sus in his 7. Booke and 15. Chap. calls Hypsiloei∣des, or Swans, or ••torkes beake, or other dilating Instruments whereby the Dart may the casier be drawn back. Tis drawn out by the hand, if it may be, when it is apparent, and is fastned only in flesh, or with a Volcella, when it sticks so deep that it cannot be taken hold of by the hands, or other Instruments which the Greekes, Boloulca, that is certaine Instruments to pull out Darts, of which kind are long Tongs, Tongs with teeth, straight, a little bent inward, but the out∣most part broad and round, to which the latter Chyrurgeons have given severall names from their figure, and call them Crowes, Storkes, Ducks, Geese bill, the figures whereof are extant, in Amb. Parey in the 10 th. Booke 18 th. Chap. but

if the point of the Dart, hath pierced into the member more then halfe through, and the place by which the dart is to be drawn through, be more, then it hath hitherto passed, and neither bone, Nerve, Veines, nor Arteries hinder it, tis more convenient, to drive the Dart thither whither it tended; dissection being made in that part, and to draw it out by making of a new wound; but yet if the Dart be too broad tis not expedient to draw it out through another part; least that we add to that great wound, another greate one.

The reason of drawing out Musket bullets in many things is agreeable to the extraction of Darts, * 1.203 for three things are required to extraction, the first that the way may be dilated with an Instrument; secondly that the bullet be taken hold of; the Instrument takes the bullet, either as a paire of Tongs, or the point of the Instrument enters into the bullet, incom∣passeth it with its cavity, or it takes hold with the end that is toothed like a faw; thirdly a bullet being taken hold of with an Instrument, is drawne out by the hand of a Chy∣rurgeon with the Instrument, of which more in the Institu∣tions.

Moreover sometimes thing shappen externally to the Chops, * 1.204 Throate, Eares, and happen into the Nostrills, and Eyes, and use to stick in them, each of which require severall wayes of drawing forth; if a little fish bone, or the back bone of a fish stick in the Throate, and that it be in sight when the mouth is opened, tis to be taken out with a Volcella, and that either straight, or a little bowed towards the end, and convenient to take out the bones from the Threate, but if it should descend deeper into the Throate, or having used a Speculum of the mouth to open it wide, if it doth not ap∣peare, a vomit is to be stirred up with oyle of sweet Al∣monds, or of Olives, or with a quill, or putting downe ones finger.

A Worme sticking in the Eares, * 1.205 first of all it is to be drawn out a live, and that it may be the better performed, and the worme may the easier be taken, it is to be enticed outward, by injecting sweete things into the Eares, and applying of them outwardly, but if it cannot be enticed, or drawn out a∣live, it is to be killed with those things that are bitter, and by a peculiar propriety and force, are destructive to wormes, but being killed, tis drawn out by powring in water or wine and Oyle luke warme, and putting in of tents made of Cot∣ton, wet with Hony, Turpentine, or some glutinous gum,

wherewith twisting it up and down in the Eare, the worme is drawn forth, the sick leaning on that side the Eare is af∣fected

Other things which may be put, or slid into the eare are either hard, or liquid; if the things are hard, warme Oyle is to be powred in that they may be dissolved, if it be possible, or certainly the passages of the Eare may become slippery; but if the thing which falls in be of that nature, that it will swell with moistning, as Pease, Beanes, &c. all moist things are to be avoided, afterwards sneezing is to be provoaked, the Nostrills, and the mouth being shut, that the spirits may be forced to goe out through the Eares, and so that together to be thrust out which was slid into the Eares, but if the thing cannot be extruded in this manner, tis to be drawn out with a convenient Instrument, yet very warily, least either that which is to be taken forth should be thrust deeper, or the membrane called the drumme of the Eare should be broken.

If that which is to be taken out be liquid, the affected should hop upon his foote on the contrary side, bending his head downeward on the afflicted side, that the moisture may come forth, which if it doth not come to passe, sneezing is to be occasioned, or a little dry sponge is to be put into the Eare, so that the extremity of the Channell which goes into the Eare be first stopt and fortifyed with Cotton, that whilst the spirit is drawn, there be no roome granted for the letting in of Aire in any wayes.

If any thing come into the Nostrills sticks in them, there is another way of drawing of it out, then that of drawing out those things that stick in the Eares.

If sand or dust stick in the Eyes, the stone found in the maw of a Swallow, Crabs Eyes, Pearles, if they are cast into the Eyes, cleanse them, but if any greater thing be fixed in the Eye, tis to be drawn out with a fine linnen cloath, wet in pure fountaine water, or with a sponge tyed to a soft quill, but if it be greater, tis to be taken out with a little Volcel∣la, or unlesse extraction in this manner doth succeed, Ano∣dunes, or medicines taking away paine, being applyed and other convenient medicines, the businesse is to be commit∣ted to nature.

CHAP. XI. Of drawing out of things generated in the body ac∣cording to nature, but retained in the body beyond the limits of nature.

AFter these, amongst those things which are to be drawn out of the body, somethings are found which in∣deed are generated in the body according to nature, yet are detayned there contrary to nature, and hitherto belongs first of all, extraction, or excision of a living or dead child out of the body, moreover the drawing out of Urine de∣tained preternaturally.

First of all, * 1.206 if the young can neither be brought out by the helpe of the mother, nor by any other, there is no other helpe remaines then cutting, whereby the living child is taken out, and those which are brought forth on this manner, are called Caesares, the young is cut out when the mother is living or dead, * 1.207 but of this Cesarean bringing forth, you may see a peculiar Book of Francis Rousset, but as for the extraction of a dead child by what meanes that may be rightly performed Celsus teacheth in his 7. Booke. 29. Chap. 23. Aetius Tetrach Book 4. Ser. 4. Chap. and Hieron Fabricius ab Aqua P. of Chyrurgicall operations, Amb. Parey describes fit Instruments for this operation in his 23 d. Book Chap. 26. Job. Andr. a Cruce.

Next to these is the drawing out of a Mole and the same reason for the most part is in drawing out them as in the extraction of a dead child. * 1.208

Lastly hitherto belongs the drawing out of Urine by Chyrurgicall operation, * 1.209 but that operation is performed by Silver, or brazen Pipes, which they call Catheters, which that they may be fitted for every body greater or lesse, three of them are to be prepared for men, and too for wo∣men in a readinesse, the manner of operation is in the In∣stitutions.

CHAP. XII. Of taking away the corrupt parts of the body.

SOmetimes the parts of the body are so corrupted that there is no hope of curing of them, * 1.210 which as being un∣profitable and hurtfull, and such as may infect the parts next to them, and pollute them, are to be taken away; whatever therefore is corrupted, is to be cut off, but the manner of cutting offis various according to the variety of the parts that are hurt, and the place where they are, and nature of the disease it selfe, and therefore the rightest manner of taking away such from the body is known by particular operations, yet oftentimes in fistula's and other malignant Ulcers, cutting alone is not sufficient as being that which cannot take away the smallest fibrillaes and particles, but after cutting there is need of an actuall or potentiall Caute∣rie that the remainders may be taken away, nay some∣times without cutting, by Cauteries only things so corrup∣ted are taken away.

Hereunto belongs the Amputation of parts corrupted with a Cancer, * 1.211 also a cutting off of the Uvula, corrupted either by inflamation or by Morbus Gallicus, the cutting off also of the putred, or corrupted yard, as also of the cor∣rupted wombe.

Corrupted bones are taken away by filing, shaving with an incision knife, or with a wimble, of which it is spoken before, as also with divers kinds of Tongs, whereby the corrupted bones of the fingers, and broken bones hanging out may be taken away.

Hitherto belongs the plucking out of teeth, * 1.212 which is performed, the Teeth being first loosned from the gums, and is done with severall Instruments, whose names are taken from the figure, and similitude for the most part, which they have with the beakes of living Creatures, which Hie∣ron Fabricius, reckons up, the figures of them are extant in Amb. Parey. the 16 th. Book Chap. the 17 th. and Joh. Andr. a Cruce.

Lastly it sometimes happens that in mans body certaine parts are corrupted with mortification & they so dy that ther is no hope of recovery of life, * 1.213 when there is one indication

that which is corrupted is to be cut off, least the sound also should be affected, which operation the Greekes call Acro∣teriasmos, or a tearing off the dead ••lesh, but in what place and when that Amputation is to be made cannot be deliver∣ed in a compendium, see the Institutions.

CHAP. XIII. Of freeing and taking away things generated in the body contrary to nature.

THe last kind remains of taking away things out of the body, * 1.214 namely those which are generated in the body con∣trary to nature, but there is no little difference amongst those things, for some of them are borne together with the parts of our body and are adhere tenaciously, as Warts, Warts great above and small below, swellings and inflammations in the fundament, the top of the yard, the way to the wombe, cal∣lous flesh, Cornes, Knots, the Kings Evill, excrescencies of flesh in the Nostrills, and Polypus, swelling in the Chops, small tumours in the Urinary passage, Excrescencies on the eye lids, fleshy ruptures, or else they are contained in some part of the body, as water in an aqueous rupture in the paunch, stones or gravell in the reines, bladder or yard.

The cutting of warts is performed either by binding, * 1.215 cuttings, or burning; Warts hanging downe are taken away either with a silken threed, or Horse haire, or they are to be tyed with some other strong threed every day harder and harder untill they come off; cutting is performed with an in∣cision knife, like a Mirtle leave, or with a launce; burning is performed with an hot Iron, or with green wood that is burnt; but how severally the tumour called Thymus in the fundament, glans or prepuce, are to be taken away is shewn in the Institutions, and in the 3 d. Book of practice.

Sometimes a little tumour ariseth in the Urinary passage from an Ulcer, * 1.216 and is so increased sometimes that it stops the urine, this is to be taken away by the helpe of a Chyrur∣geon, and fit medicines, but least that other parts should be eroded, medicines are to be ejected through a silver Pipe, to the tumour, or else it is to be incorporated and mixt with the top and head of a wax Candle, and thrust into the place af∣fected, or a little Cane with Lint and white wax put into it, and bedaubed with a fit medicine, being hollow that the

urine may passe through it. This is to be put into the urina∣ry passages.

Polypus if it admits of cure, * 1.217 it is to be cut off with a sharpe Iron Instrument made after the manner of a Spatula, being put into the Nostrills, of which operation see the Institu∣tions, and the first Book of Practice.

Fleshy excrescencies in the Chops called, * 1.218 Epuli, as also Encanthis, or excrescencies in the greater corner of the Eye, and the naile of the Eye, unlesse they can be taken away with medicines, are to be cut off, as also peices of flesh here and there growing in the skin of the body, * 1.219 and excrescencies which represent a kind of soft flesh, which are like the rootes of Mushroms, and grow like them, and therefore are called Musheroms, knots also, Kings evill, Kernells, swellings in the Throate, and swellings in the flesh, or fleshy ruptures if they cannot be eradicated by Medicines, must be taken away by cutting.

A watry rupture, * 1.220 or water collected into the cods cannot alwayes be taken away by discussing medicines, the cods are to be opened, and the water to be let out through the wound.

Lastly the stone of the bladder, * 1.221 since it is seldome di∣minished by medicines, the bladder being cut, tis to be taken out, and sometimes a stone sticking in the urinary passage is to be drawn out, but in what manner those cut∣tings, and operations all of them ought to be persormed, is spoken in the Institutions, and may there be seen, nor can the wayes of those operations be reduced into a compendium, but all things which are there spoken in the operations are diligently to be observed, and thus much of the fourth Chyrurgicall operation.

CHAP XIIII. Of the restitution of parts that are lost, or of the Chyrurgery of imperfect parts.

THere remains the last Chyrurgicall operation, * 1.222 which is required in the cure of such as are imperfect and maim∣ed, namely when the extremities of the Nose or Eares or Lips are shortned, and these parts maimed, but although parts that are lost are counterfeited by Instruments fained made and painted, out of severall matter representing the

similitude of the part lost, yet this is only a counterfeite and palliating cure, but when it cannot be restored by a new generation of the deficient part, tis to be restored by the flesh of another member being brought and united to it, yet that operation is not to be tryed on every body, but first it is to be observed what kind of body it is which is to be cured, for in old men or in a body which hath an ill habit, wherein wounds are difficult to be cured, this way of cure is not to be easily attempted. Casper Taliacotius in his Book of maim∣ed Chyrurgery, by inserting, accuratly and largely describes the manner of this operation, the sum of this operation is this; he makes his transferring, or bringing into the Nose, and Lips, from the Shoulder; but to cure unperfect Eares he takes away from the Region behind the Eares, namely he appoints a convenient cutting in those parts, and the maimed parts being first cleansed, he commits and joynes the skin of that part which is cut off with the maimed part, and that they may be kept joyned together untill they grow together, he binds them with swathing bands. And indeed he puts that part of the Nose or Lips which is maimed, into the wound made in the Shoulder, with the head tyed to the Arme, as it were to a prop, that it is, immoveable, and fixt so that it can be moved no way. And in this manner when it hath stuck so long, untill the flesh of both parts be united and growes together, he cutteth off againe from the Nose or Lip, the traduct, or that which was brought from another place and is here g••own, then he makes conveniently, and frames that flesh so cut off from the Arme into a forme of a Nose or Lip.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Instru∣ments of Physick.
• * 1.2

  Medicine what is it.
• * 1.3

  Medicines how many∣fold. Simple Compound
• * 1.4

  Simple how many fold. Plants.
• * 1.5

  Living Creatures.
• * 1.6

  Mineralls.
• * 1.7

  The diffe∣rence of Medicines Actuall.
• * 1.8

  Potentiall.
• * 1.9

  Facultiei of Medi∣cines mani∣fest.
• * 1.10

  Occult
• * 1.11

  The first the second.
• * 1.12

  The third kind of qualities.
• * 1.13

  The kinds of faculties in Medi∣cines.
• * 1.14

  Altering temperate.
• * 1.15

  Intempe∣rate.
• * 1.16

  Degrees of qualities.
• * 1.17

  Mansions of degrees.
• * 1.18

  Temperate Medi∣cines.
• * 1.19

  Hot in the first.
• * 1.20

  Hot in the second.
• * 1.21

  Hot in the third.
• * 1.22

  Hot in the fourth.
• * 1.23

  Cold in the first.
• * 1.24

  Cold in the second.
• * 1.25

  Cold in the third.
• * 1.26

  Cold in the fourth.
• * 1.27

  Moist in the first.
• * 1.28

  In the se∣cond.
• * 1.29

  Dry in the first.
• * 1.30

  In the se∣cond.
• * 1.31

  in the third.
• * 1.32

  In the fourth.
• * 1.33

  Medicines proper to every part.
• * 1.34

  For the head heat∣ing and drying.
• * 1.35

  Cooling it.
• * 1.36

  Heating the Spleen.
• * 1.37

  Cooling the Spleen.
• * 1.38

  Heating. the Reins. and Blad∣der.
• * 1.39

  Cooling the Reines.
• * 1.40

  Heating the Womb.
• * 1.41

  Cooling the Womb.
• * 1.42

  Of clean∣sing and preparing.
• * 1.43

  Cholers.
• * 1.44

  Phlegme.
• * 1.45

  Melanchol∣ly and black chol∣ler.
• * 1.46

  Emolli∣ents.
• * 1.47

  Things hardning. Loosening.
• * 1.48

  Condense∣ing.
• * 1.49

  Binding and Stop∣ping con∣densing.
• * 1.50

  Rarifying.
• * 1.51

  Opening the mouths of Vessels.
• * 1.52

  A hema∣ting and
• * 1.53

  Opening.
• * 1.54

  Iucrassa∣ting.
• * 1.55

  Playster-like things.
• * 1.56

  Detergent things and such as o∣pen ob∣structions.
• * 1.57

  Anodunes.
• * 1.58

  Stupe∣factives.
• * 1.59

  Things drawing.
• * 1.60

  Repelling.
• * 1.61

  Ripening and con∣cocting of quitture.
• * 1.62

  Generat∣ting flesh.
• * 1.63

  For wounds. Genera∣ting hard flesh.
• * 1.64

  Genera∣ting milke.
• * 1.65

  Generating seed.
• * 1.66

  Making red the skin.
• * 1.67

  Vescicato∣vies.
• * 1.68

  Burning the skin.
• * 1.69

  Causticks.
• * 1.70

  Of corro∣ding Medi∣cines.
• * 1.71

  Things putrifying.
• * 1.72

  Taking a∣way of haire.
• * 1.73

  Consuming of milke.
• * 1.74

  E••tingui∣shing the of seed.
• * 1.75

  Purging.
• * 1.76

  Lenitives.
• * 1.77

  Things purging.
• * 1.78

  More mild.
• * 1.79

  Stronger.
• * 1.80

  Manna.
• * 1.81

  Cassia.
• * 1.82

  Tama∣rinds.
• * 1.83

  Juice of Roses.
• * 1.84

  Violets.
• * 1.85

  Peach Tree flow∣ers.
• * 1.86

  Citron Mi∣robolanes.
• * 1.87

  Rhubarb.
• * 1.88

  Turpen∣tine.
• * 1.89

  Aloes.
• * 1.90

  Fleawort.
• * 1.91

  Scamony.
• * 1.92

  Asarabec∣ca.
• * 1.93

  Mirobo∣lanes Che∣bula. Emblica. Bellirick.
• * 1.94

  Agarick.
• * 1.95

  Mecoacan.
• * 1.96

  Turbith.
• * 1.97

  Seeed of Cartha∣mus.
• * 1.98

  Coloquin∣tida.
• * 1.99

  Hermo∣dactiles.
• * 1.100

  Euphorbi∣um.
• * 1.101

  Opopanax.
• * 1.102

  Sagape∣num.
• * 1.103

  Indian. Mirobo∣lanes.
• * 1.104

  Polipodie.
• * 1.105

  Epithy∣mum.
• * 1.106

  Sena.
• * 1.107

  Lapis Ar∣menius
• * 1.108

  Lapis La∣suli.
• * 1.109

  Black Hel∣lebore.
• * 1.110

  Root of O∣rice.
• * 1.111

  Hedge Hy∣sop.
• * 1.112

  Elaterium.
• * 1.113

  Spurge.
• * 1.114

  Mezere∣um.
• * 1.115

  Elder. Dwarfe.
• * 1.116

  Soldanel∣la.
• * 1.117

  Gummi∣gote.
• * 1.118

  Ialap.
• * 1.119

  Things causing vomits.
• * 1.120

  The most gentle.
• * 1.121

  The mid∣dle sort.
• * 1.122

  The strong∣est.
• * 1.123

  Diureticks.
• * 1.124

  Provoking sweat.
• * 1.125

  Dissolving.
• * 1.126

  Discussing of wind.
• * 1.127

  Eringing downe courses.
• * 1.128

  Expelling Secondines and a dead child.
• * 1.129

  Breaking the stone.
• * 1.130

  Errhines.
• * 1.131

  Sternuta∣rories.
• * 1.132

  Apophleg∣matismes.
• * 1.133

  Expectora∣ting things.
• * 1.134

  Killing wormes.
• * 1.135

  Drugs good against Poyson.
• * 1.136

  Common Antidotes.
• * 1.137

  Proper.
• * 1.138

  How the vertues of Medicines may be found out:
• * 1.139

  Manner of experi∣ments.
• * 1.140

  Chyrurge∣rys what.
• * 1.141

  Discription of a Chy∣rurgeon.
• * 1.142

  The sub∣ject.
• * 1.143

  Instru∣ments.
• * 1.144

  Place.
• * 1.145

  Light.
• * 1.146

  Servants and stan∣ders by.
• * 1.147

  Garments.
• * 1.148

  Chyrurgi∣call opera∣tions how many.
• * 1.149

  Setting or putting to¦gether. Finding.
• * 1.150

  Swathing.
• * 1.151

  Differences of it.
• * 1.152

  Differences of deliga∣tion.
• * 1.153

  The man∣ner.
• * 1.154

  Splents made up with Lin∣nen.
• * 1.155

  Splents.
• * 1.156

  Swathing∣bands.
• * 1.157

  Setting how many∣fold.
• * 1.158

  Of broken bones.
• * 1.159

  Extension.
• * 1.160

  Strength∣ning.
• * 1.161

  The cure of a fracture with a wound.
• * 1.162

  Manner of swathing or deliga¦tion.
• * 1.163

  What things are required for the set∣ting of bones.
• * 1.164

  Reposition.
• * 1.165

  Deligation.
• * 1.166

  Colloca∣tion.
• * 1.167

  Setting of soft parts.
• * 1.168

  Wounds, how set.
• * 1.169

  Swathing.
• * 1.170

  A suture by glue.
• * 1.171

  A suture by a needle.
• * 1.172

  Fibulae.
• * 1.173

  Of the nose
• * 1.174

  Directing of contra∣cted mem∣bers.
• * 1.175

  Direction of crooked Legs or Armes.
• * 1.176

  The kindes of division.
• * 1.177

  Opening of a veine.
• * 1.178

  Opening of impost∣humes.
• * 1.179

  The cutting of a fistula.
• * 1.180

  Seperation of parts that are joyned to∣gether pre∣ternatural∣ly.
• * 1.181

  Scarifica∣tion.
• * 1.182

  Cutting of vessells.
• * 1.183

  Cutting of the vari∣ces.
• * 1.184

  Cutting of an Ancu∣risme.
• * 1.185

  Paracen∣tesis.
• * 1.186

  Couching of a Cata∣ract.
• * 1.187

  Laryngo∣tome.
• * 1.188

  An incisi∣on of the brest.
• * 1.189

  Applying of a Seton.
• * 1.190

  Leaches.
• * 1.191

  Shaving.
• * 1.192

  Filing.
• * 1.193

  Perfora∣ting.
• * 1.194

  Kinds of Trepans or Wim∣bles.
• * 1.195

  Sawing,
• * 1.196

  Burning.
• * 1.197

  Burning twofold.
• * 1.198

  An actuall Cautery.
• * 1.199

  Potentiall.
• * 1.200

  Issues.
• * 1.201

  Cupping glasses.
• * 1.202

  How ma∣ny wayes things may be drawn out of the body. Drawing out of things thrust into the body. A Dart how many wayes it may be drawne out.
• * 1.203

  The way of taking out of Musket bullets.
• * 1.204

  Things that stick in the Chops.
• * 1.205

  A worme in the eares how to be taken out.
• * 1.206

  Of taking out a lived child.
• * 1.207

  Of a dead.
• * 1.208

  Extraction of a Mola
• * 1.209

  Drawing out urine with a Cathera.
• * 1.210

  Cutting of dead flesh.
• * 1.211

  Amputa∣tion of a cancer. Of a Vvula, yard, wombe. Of bones.
• * 1.212

  Teeth.
• * 1.213

  Amputa∣tion of Limbs.
• * 1.214

  Things preternatu∣rall begot∣ten in the body how many-fold.
• * 1.215

  Warts.
• * 1.216

  Caruncles extirpated out the Ʋrinary passages.
• * 1.217

  Taking a∣way a Po∣lypus.
• * 1.218

  Epuli a naile in the eye.
• * 1.219

  Excrescen∣cies of flesh. Fungi. Nodi &c.
• * 1.220

  A watry rupture.
• * 1.221

  Stone of the bladder.
• * 1.222

  Chyrurgery of such as are maim∣ed.