Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures.

SECT. I. Of Medicines.

CHAP. I. What a Medicine is.

THere remains the last part of Physick which is the Therapeuticall, which restores men that are fallen into diseases to their former health, and expells those diseases from mens bodyes which torment them, but that the Physitian may obtaine this end, it is necessary that he be in∣structed in two things, first a Method whereby he may find those things that are helpfull by Indications, secondly In∣struments or Materialls for cure, whereby he may performe that which he found out by Indications.

The matter fit for cure is properly reduced to three heads, * 1.1 dyet, manuall operation, and making up of Medicines.

First you are to be admonished that you are to distin∣guish cures, from the materialls used in curing, for cure is that whereby instruction is given from the Indicant to performe or act something, and is alwayes one, as to heate or make hot, but the Matter of helpe is that whereby that is per∣formed by the Physitian which the Indicant commands,

which may be manifold, as whilst you are to heat, it may be done with Pepper, Ginger, Wormewood. &c.

But since that of Dieteticall matter is spoken suffici∣ently in the former book, it remaines that wee speake of Me∣dicines, * 1.2 and Manual operation, and first as for Medicines, by amedicine wee understand every thing that is a different thing from nature, which may alter our bodies and reduce them to a naturall state from a preternaturall. In which re∣spect it differs from aliment and Poyson, for Aliment, as it is aliment, is onely that which increaseth the substance, or it re∣newes and increaseth our bodies; a Medicince alters, but doth not repaire, but if any thing can together nourish and alter our bodies, tis alimentall Medicine, or medicinall aliment; but poysons neither nourish, nor alter our bodies, but are de∣stroyers of our bodies, and have power to corrupt them.

CHAP. II. Of the faculties of Medicines in generall.

MEdicines are two-fold, * 1.3 some are simple, other com∣pound; a simple is that which is such by nature onely, and hath nothing mixt with it by art; compound are when more naturall things are mingled by art into the forme of one medicine.

Simple Medicines are taken from Plants, * 1.4 Animalls, Mine∣ralls; and Plants are either taken whole or their parts, Roots, Woods, Piths, Barkes, Leaves, and Branches, Flowers, Seeds, Fruits, Juices, Gumms, Rosins, Oiles, and Liquors, as Wine.

Animals also are used whole, * 1.5 or their parts, as Harts-Horn, Marrow, Flesh, or those things that are generated in them, as Milke, Eggs, or their workes, as Hony, Wax, or their excrements as Gall, Urine.

Under Mineralls are comprehended not onely those things which are properly called Mineralls, * 1.6 Vitriall, Antimo∣ny, Sulphure, and Mettalls, and the excrements, but also di∣vers kinds of earths, as Uermillion, Irish Slat, Bole-Armi∣nack, as also all Stones and Gemms, also divers kinds of Salts, and concreted juices in the earth, of which Naptha is one, also bathing-waters, in which ranke Manna may be put, if there be no other place fit for it.

The faculties are various, of so many different things, * 1.7 and from hence the divisions of Medicines are various, for first, some Medicines are said to bee such in action, others in power to be such; things as are said to be such in action, which in them containe that which they are said to be, the act being as it were present, and absolved, and so the operation is in a readinesse, and can affect our bodies at the first touch, with that quality wherewith they are en∣dued: so Water, and Ice, are cold in action, because after what manner soever they are applyed to a body, they can pre∣sently coole the same; but those things are such in potentia, * 1.8 whose force is not perceived at the first touch, but lyeth hid and as it were asleep, nor doth it discover it selfe by action, untill it be some way changed by our heat and be burnt, and reduced into action, so Pepper, and Wine, although to the touch they are cold, yet neverthelesse they heate.

But although the force of Medicines are various, * 1.9 yet they may conveniently be divided into manifest and occult; those are called manifest which affect our senses, or which excite qualities in the patient which are discerned by our senses, and whereof a manifest cause may be rendred.

But occult are such which doe not produce qualities in a Patient, obvious to sence, * 1.10 but performe something by a hid∣den propriety, to wit, they purge a certaine humor, they strengthen a certaine member, they resist poyson, or being hung or carried externally worke upon the body, the mani∣fest causes whereof cannot be explained, and no other reason can be given, then that such a power or force is in them, by a peculiar propriety of nature, although there are some who re∣ject hidden qualities, yet I. C. Scaliger rightly thinks that tis a high peice of impudence to reduce all things to manifest qualities, in the 218. of his exercises Sect. 8. and those which endeavour this, bring foolish and ridiculous reasons, or deny those things which are confirmed by experience; and these fa∣culties and actions are different from those in their whole kinde as also from others, which are spoken of before in the 2. Booke 2. Part. Cap. 12. both from hence in the first place, because the strength of these qualities, are far greater then theirs of the primary qualities, and their efficacy is great oftentimes in the smallest body.

But both of them, * 1.11 the manifest and occult fa∣culties and actions of Medicines are various, of ma∣nifest qualities some are primary, others secondary,

others of a third kind; * 1.12 the first have power of heating, coo∣ling, moistning and drying; the second to soften, to harden, condense, rarify, resolve, attenuate, thicken, to draw, to re∣pel; the third, to provoke Urine, to cause and stay courses, to move vomit, generate flesh, and to breake stones, although the power of breaking stones may more fittly be attributed to the propriety of the whole substance, as beneath Cap. 17. shall be shewne.

Occult are of three kindes, for either they evacuate a cer∣taine humour by a peculiar faculty, or they have a sympathie with a cortaine part, whence they are called cephalicks, or cardiacks, or they resist poyson.

But the faculties of all Medicines according to the chan∣ges which they make in our bodies, * 1.13 may be referred to four ranks or formes, first some belong to an inducing of a new quality, such as are those which are said to have the effica∣cies of the primary qualities, to wit heating, drying, cooling, and moistning, but because every thing that alters, cannot be safely applyed to every part, appropriated Medicines are con∣veniently joyned to every member which do alter. Moreo∣ver hitherto is to be referred those which are accounted a∣mongst the number of secondary qualities, such as soften and harden, loosening, rarify and condense, stiptick, and ob∣structing, astringent and opening, attenuating and incrassa∣ting, filling, and deterging or cleansing: lastly hereunto be∣longs, Anodunes, Stupefactives, and Hypnoticks or such as cause rest.

In the second forme are those which prevaile in causing motion, attracting and repelling; to the third forme those things are referred, which consist in the generation of a∣ny thing, ripening, generating quitture, breeding flesh, Glu∣tinating, cicatrizing, and procuring milke and sperme.

To the fourth forme are referred those things which cor∣rupt, corrode, putrify, such as cause dry crust, burning, and such as doe corrupt seed and milke.

The fift forme comprehends those things which belong to the taking away of any thing, such things as make lesse, such as purge, such as cause Vomiting, Urine, or sweats, or pro∣voke courses, expel the secondine, or send forth a dead child, such things as break and expell the Stone, Errhines, Sternuta∣tories, and Apophlegmatismes, such things as purge the breasts, and such as kill and expell Wormes.

They may be placed in the last forme which resist poyson and are the drugs against poyson.

CHAP. III. Of the first faculties of Medicines.

AS for what belongs to the first forme, * 1.14 and first for alte∣ring Medicines, some of them being compared with mans body are called temperate, which cause or bring forth no mutation in man either in coldnesie, drynesse, heat, or moisture; and these are either such simply and in all the quallities, or els in two of them only; * 1.15 but the intemperate are such as have power to change the heate or moysture of our bodies.

Moreover these qualities are divided by Physitians into certaine degrees, * 1.16 which are left to bee esteemed by their ef∣fects; the first degree is when a Medicine alters our bodies obscurely and scarce senfibly; the second is, when it mani∣festly changeth our bodies, yet without hurting, inconveni∣ency or trouble: the third degree is, when it doth not onely manifestly alter the body, but vehemently, and not without trouble, and paine, yet without corruption: the fourth degree is that which altereth the body not without paine, and that most grieviously.

To either of these degrees there are appointed certaine Latitudes, which are commonly called mansions, * 1.17 as they al∣ter more intensely or remisly, or betwixt both, which they call in the beginning, middle, and end.

The temperate are, Venus haire, Sparagus, * 1.18 Licorish Sweet Oyle, Pine-nuts, Jujubes, Figgs, Sebestens, Raysins, Dates, Gum Elemie, and Tragacanth, Calves and Goates Suet, and Hoggs Grease.

The hot in the first degree are, Marsh-mallowes, Burrage, * 1.19 Buglosse, Beets, Cabbage, Camommil, Bindweed, Agrimony, and Fumitory, Flex, Melilot, A lease that swims in Ditches without any Root, Spikenard, Wall-wort, and Coltsfoot, the flowers of Borrage, Buglosse, Bettony, Oxe-eie, or Wild Ca∣momil, Melilot Camomil, black Poplar, Arabian Staechodos, an herbe with grey downe like an old mans haire called Sene∣cio in Latin: Fruits; sweet Almonds, Chestnuts, Jujubes, Ciprus∣nuts, green Walnuts, Grapes, ripe Mulberies, sweet Apples, Fra∣grant Seeds, Coriander, Fenegreeke, Flax, Grumwell, Lu∣pines,

Sesanix rice, Rootes, Marsh-mallowes, Bares Breech, Beets, Buglosse, Licorish, Satirion, Barkes, Guaicum, Tama∣risk, Liquors, Juices, and Gummes, Sugar, Bdellium, Lada∣num, Al. 2. i. e. Others in the second degree, Gumme of ivy, the tallow of Goates, Does, Harts, fresh Butter.

Hot in the second degree, * 1.20 Worme-wood, Pimpernell, greene Dill, Angelica, Parsly, Mugwort, Bettony, Calamus Aromaticus, ground Pine, Faenugreek, St. Johns-woort, Ivy, Hopps, Bawme, Horehound, Motherwort, Sweete-ferne, Ba∣fill, common-Burnet, Maiden-weed, Poley, Rosemary, Sum∣mer or Winter Savory, Sage, Scabious, Scordium, Staecha∣dos, Feaverfew, Flowers of Night-shade, Saffron, Gilli∣flowers, or Carnations, Schaenanth, Lavender, Lupines, Bawme, Ros-mary; Fruits, as Capers, Nutmeggs, Pistack∣nutts, dried Figs, dryed Nuts; Seeds, as Dill, Parsley, Bitter∣vetch, Water Rocket, Pulse, or Vetches, Nettle seed. Roots, as Parsley, Caper-roots, Mayden-weed, common Burnet, Turneps, Zedoarie, Rosewort; Barkes, as the Barkes or Wood of Cassia, Cynamon: others in the third degree.

Frankinsence, Roots of Capers, Liquors, Gums and Ro∣sins, Wine that is new, Ladanum, Aloes, and Galbanum, Myrrh, Mastick, Frankinsence, dryed pitch, Rosin, storax; Fats, as Lions fat; Libards, Beares, Foxes.

Hot in the third degree are Mettalls, * 1.21 Flos aeris, which is that which comes from the Brasse in melting, burnt Brasse, Squama aeris or the Scaling of Brasse, Verdegrease, Dreggs of Brasse, Allum, Salt, Nitre, Brimstone, Red-vitriall; Herbes or leaves, as Sowthernewood, Asarabecca, or the chast Plant, Wake Robin, the Herbe called Hierusalem, or Ladies Rose, the herbe Ammios, dried Dill, Bayes, Dittany, Carnations, Germander, blew flower, Bastard Saffron, Century the grea∣ter and lesse, Celandine, (or Pile-wort) Calamint, Fleabane, Horsemints, Fennel, Epithymum, so called, because it growes upon Time, Juniper, Elecampane, Hyssop, Laurell, Marje∣rom, Marum an herbe cald Marjerom, Mints, Fennel flower, flowers of the wild Vine, wild Marjerom, wild Woodbine, Parsley, Sneeze-wort, Penny-royall, Oxe-stay, Rue, Savine, Wild Time, wild Mints. Al. 2. Time, trifoile, Vervaine, Net∣tles, Fl owers of Agnus-castus, Epithymum, Violets, of the wild Vine, of the wild Woodbine. Fruits, Iuniper-berries, Cloves, the fruit of Balsimum, Anacardium, that is a fruit of an Indian Tree, like a Birds heart, and the juice like blood, Pepper, Al. 4. Seeds of Ammi, and Anniseed of Hie∣rusalem,

or Ladies Rose, Carawayes, of Garden Cresses, bast∣ard Saffron, according to Galen, Fern. 2. of Fennell, Cum∣men; Carrots, Fennell Flower, Turneps, Parfly, Hartwort, Stavesager, of a Vine. Roots; of sweet Garden Flag, others in the second degree, Asarabecca, wakerobbin, Sea Onion, or Squills, Dittany, Leopards bane, Fennell, English Galin∣gale, both kinds of Hellebore, Elecampane, Orrice, Parsly, Raddish, Barkes bf Mace, Liquors, Teares and Gums; old Wine, and sweet Asa, stinking Asa, Ammoniack, Cedar, Pitch, Opoponax, Muske.

Hot in the fourth degree, * 1.22 are such as belong to mettalls as vitriol, Arsenick, Sandaraca, which is a Gemme, Chry∣socolla is a kind of a minerall found like fand in veines of Braffe, Silver, or Gold, which Goldsmiths use to solder Gold, and Silver with; Mysysory, is that which the Apothecaries call vitriol, Melantheria, Inke, wherewith Chyrurgions consume putrifyed flesh, Herbs, or Leaves; Pepper-wort, Garden, and water Cresses, some would have them to be hot in the third degree, great headed Leekes, the fullers herbe Thapsia, a Milke Thistle; Fruits, as Pepper &c. Seeds as of both kinds of Cresses, Mustard-seed; Rootes, as Gar∣lick, Onions, Costus, Leekes that have great heads, bastard Pelitory, or sneezing wort, Euphobium.

Things cold in the first degree, Herbs, or Leaves, * 1.23 as O∣rack, sowre Sorrell, Mallowes, Mirtles, Pelitory of the wall, Flowres, of Mallowes, Roses, Violets; Fruits, as the sub∣stance of Citrons, Quinces, Pares, Plumbs; Seeds, as Barly, Millet; Rootes, of Mallowes, Concreate Juices, Acacia, o∣thers in the second, Draggons blood; Stones as a Hyacinth, a Saphir, an Emerald.

Things cold in the second degree, Leaves, and Herbs, * 1.24 a kind of beete which some call Spinack, Spanish Succory, Lettice, Ducks-meate, Endive or Succory, Violet leaves, Sorrell, Plantine, Knot-grass, Fleawort, Night-shade; Flow∣ers, of wild Poppies, Cichory, water Lillies; Fruits, as Gourds, Cucumbers, Oake Apples, Oranges, Pomgranates, Damaske Pruins, Pippens, Peaches; Seeds, of Sorrell, Cicho∣ry, Winter Cherries, Wood of Santalls.

Things cold in the third degree, Herbs, or Leaves, * 1.25 Pur∣slan, Mandrake, life everlasting, Henbane, others think it hot in the fourth degree; Flowers, as of Pomgranets. Fruits; as Oringes, Mad-Apples of Mandrake; Seeds, as of Hemlock, Henbane, Poppy, Rootes of Mandrake, juice of the juice of Holly Rose.

Things cold in the fourth degree; * 1.26 Herbs or Leaves, Hem∣lock, Poppey; Fruits, Apples of Pern; Concrete Liquours, as the juice of Poppy or Meconium, also Opium, according to the vulgar opinion, which is not true, for they are hot.

Moist in the first degree; * 1.27 Herbs, Buglosse, Pellitory of the wall, Mallowes; Flowers, of Buglosse, Mallowes, Endive; Fruits, as the substance of Citron, In jubes, sweet Almonds, Seeds, of Mallowes, Sesami, which is a white graine grow∣ing in India; Rootes, of Satyrion, Buglosse, Lycorish, Mal∣lowes, Rape Rootes.

Moist in the second degree; * 1.28 Herbs, as Violet Leaves, Water Lillies, Milk Thistles, a kind of Beet which hath no savour, which some call Spinach, Lettice, Ducks-meate, Pur∣slan; Flowers, of Water-lillies, Violets; Fruits, Gourd, Melons, Pompions, the juice whereof some place in the third degree, Peaches, Damask Pruins, ripe Grapes, Su∣gar.

Dry in the first; * 1.29 Herbs and Leaves, Beetes, Cabbage, Camomill, Fennill, Violets, or Purple coloured Lillies, Malabathrum i. e. a certaine Herb, she swims in Ditches in India without any Roote appearing, Mirtles, Petty Mullein, or Longwort, Flowers of Oxe eye, Camomill, Saffron, Violets, Melelot, Roses; other in the second degree, Fruits; as Iuniper berries, Chesnuts; Seed, as Beanes, Fenegreek, Barly, Roots; of Briony, of the wild-Vine, of madder, Tamarisk, Marshmallowes, Wake-robbin; Gums; Frankinsence, others in the second degree.

Dry in the second degree, * 1.30 Herbs as, Pimpernell, Mugwort, others say in the first degree, Green Dill, Bettony, Bindweed, Calamus Odoratus, Endive, Sea Cabbage, Shepheards∣powch, Horstaile, Chervills, Mints, wild Mints, Plantine, Rosemary, Spikenard, Walwort, Fumetory, Burnet, Sorrell, Vervine, Shephards rod; Flowers, of Piony, Scarlet, Anemone or wind Flowre, ground Pine, Wood-bines, Staechados; Fruits, the Oily acorne, Capers, Quinces, Ciprus-nuts, Nutmegs, Pares, Pistach-nuts; Seeds, Fennell, wild Saffron, Lentills Ervum, Millet, Rice, Poppy, Night-shade; Roots, of Caper, Cichory, Raddish, Wood of a Santall Tree, Teares, Gums and Rossins, as Galbanum, oppopanax, dry Pitch, Myrrh, Storax, Mastick, Hony.

Dry in the third degree, * 1.31 belonging to mettals, as flowre of Brasse, burnt Brasse, the dregs of Brasse, Draggon-wort Salt, Solder of Gold, or Saltpeter, Brimstone, red vitriol; Herbs,

and Leaves, Fearne, Yarrow, Cinqfoile, Poley Mountain, Trifoile, Worme-wood, Southernwood burnt, Dill burnt, Parsely, Asarabecca, Ammi, Calamints, Germander, Ground pine, Epithimum, Hyssop, Juniper, Marjerom, Horehound, Origanum, Maiden beets, Wildstone, Parsly, S••eezing-wort, Rue, Savine, Willow, Water-mints, Time wild Bettony; Flowres, of Pomgranates, Epithimum, Ground pine, Wild∣wood-bine; Fruits, of Cloves, the Fruit of Balsamum, Oake-Apples, Pepper, Juniper-berries; Seeds, as Graines which Dyers use, I think he means Cutcheneale. Dill, Parfley, Ammi, of the herbe Jerusalem, or Ladies Rofe, Anniseed, Carraway, Cumming, Coriander, Gith, bastard-stone Par∣fley, Millet of the Vine; Rootes and Barkes, of sweet Garden Flag, the hollow Roote of Galingale, Squills, com∣mon Cinqfoile, Trifoile, Mountaine Osier, Asarabecca, Smallage, Leopards-bane, Hellebore, Cinnamon; juices, and Gums, Aloes, the juice of Sorrell, Acacia, Camphir, Muske.

Dry in the fourth degree, Metalicks, Coppras, Arsenick, * 1.32 Sandaracha, Borax, or green Earth found in the Mines of Brasse, Silver, or Gold, Misysory, that which the Apotheca∣ries calls Vitroil, Milantheria or a Metallick juice; Herbs and Leaves; Wild-rue, Garlick, Cresses, Mustard-seed

CHAP IV. Of Medicines proper to every part, or of corroba∣rating Medicines.

BUt whereas occult qualities are often adjoyned to the primary qualities, * 1.33 the same things altering are not con∣venient allwayes, nor accommodated to all parts, but those things are to be chosen which have regard to every or any part in respect of the whole substance, and by reason of some occult proprieties have some singular Sympathy therewith, which Medicines therefore are called Appropriated or Cor∣roborating Medicines, for so occult qualities concur with manifest, and conspire in acting, or performing toge∣ther.

Cephalicks Heating and drying: Bettony, Marjerom, * 1.34 Sage, Hyssop, Bawme, Rosemary, Bay-leaves, Bay-berries, Savory, Rue, Calamint, wild Time, Spike, Lavender, Ori∣ganum, Herba Paralysis, I take it to be true love or one berry 〈2 pages missing〉〈2 pages missing〉

Flax, Asarabecca, Liver-wort, Squinanth, Spikes Maudelin, Fennell, Parsley, Smallage, Sparagus, bitter Almonds, Ele∣campane, the flower of Bettony, Raysins of the Sun, Pistack∣nuts, the hot Seeds, Sweet-Garden-Flagg, &c. Wood of Cas∣sia, Cinnamon, and the rest of the Aromaticks.

Things cooling the Liver, * 1.35 Endive, Cichory, Garden En∣dive, Lyons Tooth, and those which belong to these, Pur∣slan, Lettice, Roses, Violets, Water-lillies, Sorrel, Straw-berries, the greater cold Seeds, namely of Mellons, Gourds, Cucumbers, and Citrons, and the lesser namely of Lettice, Endive, Garden Endive, Purslan, Barley, Santalls, Camphire, Pomegranates, Currants, Barberies, Strawberries, Melons, Cherries, Sorrell, whey of Goates Milke.

Things heating the Spleen, * 1.36 Ceterach, Spleen-wort, Epi∣thimum, Wormewood, Fumetory, Hops, Rue, Calamint, Parsley, Speedwell, or Fluellin, wild Germander, Ground-pine, Bawme, Garden or Water-cresses, Scurvy-grasse, Hore-hound, Broome, Elder, Asarabbecca, the Rootes of Polipo∣dy, Elecampane, Ferne, Fennel, Smallage, Vine-roots, Ta∣mariske, Capers, Birth-wort, Madder, Bitter-almonds, Squils, Sweet-garden-flag, Ammoniack, Bdellium.

Things cooling the Milt, * 1.37 Mallowes, Endive, Cichory, Purslan, and for the most part the rest of the cooling He∣paticks.

Things heating the Reines, * 1.38 and Bladder, Venus haire, Rue, Saxifrage, Betony, Lovage, Fennell, Rocket, Mug∣wort, Calamints, Eringo, Sparagus, Buttchers Broome, Bur∣net, Liquorish, Parsley, Smallage, Nettles, Carrots, Drop∣wort, red Madder, red Parsnips, Grumwell, Iuniper-ber∣ries, flowers of Camomill. Cardomoms, Turpentine Chervill, Almonds, Pistack Nuts, the Kernels of Peaches, Cherries, Rootes of Capers.

Things cooling the Kidnies, * 1.39 Mallowes, Lettice, Pur∣slan, Pellitory, Barley, the foure great cold Seeds, Poppy, Lettice, Fleawort, Quinces, Pepons, Stone-ber∣ries, Violets, Flowers of Water-lillies, Camphire, Santalls, Sorrell, Iuice of Lymons, Melons, Currants.

Things Heating the Womb, * 1.40 Mug-wort, Mother-wort, Bet∣tony, Dittany and Origanum, Penny-royall, alamints, Marjerom, Sage, Time, Bawme, Summer or Winter Savory, Rue, Rosemary, Bay-leaves, Flowers of Camomil, Cum∣minseed, Anni-seed, Fennel-seed, Carrot seed, Parsley, Smallage, Roots of Birthwort, Red Madder, of Eringo, Fen∣nel,

Parsley, Sparagus Burnet, Angelica, Valerian, Master-wort, the meate and liquor of the Indian Nut, Bay-beerries, Iuniper-Berries, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Sweet garden flag, Cinamon, Worm-seed, Saffron, Galingale, Mirrh, Castor.

Things cooling the Wombe, Water-lillies, Violets, Roses, * 1.41 Quinces, and the Sirrup thereof, Purslane, Lettice, Garden-Endine.

Hot simples belonging to the joynts, the Gout, and disea∣ses of the sinews, Marjerom, one Berry Herbe, Lovage, Bet∣tony, Groundpine, Rosemary, Sage, Bay-leaves, Lavender, Staechados, Mugwort, and most of the chephalicks, Castor, earth Wormes.

CHAP. V. Of extenuating, and preparing of humours.

OVt of this forme of humours are sought digerent, * 1.42 di∣gestive, or preparing things; so called, all which, since they hinder nature in acting, take away and change the qua∣lities, which resist the action of native heat, namely they coole too much those things that are hot, and heate too much those things that are two cold; they moisten dry things, and dry up moist things, they attenuate what is thick, and in∣crassate what is thin.

Namely yellow choler is to bee corrected with cooling, * 1.43 moistning and thickning things, Phleagme is to be prepa∣red with heating, drying and attenuating things; melan∣choly humors are to bee corrected with things moderately heating, moistning and attenuating; black Choler is to be prepared with things that are very moistning & attenuating.

And those things are to be used which are fitted to every part, according as the humour resides in this or that part, cold cephalicks prepare and digest choler in the head; cold Thoracicks, in the Breast; cold Cardiaacks in the heart, things cooling the Ventricle, in the stomack; cold Hepaticks in the Liver.

Hot Cephalicks prepare Flegme in the head; * 1.44 hot Tho∣racicks in the Breast, hot things appropriated to the Ventri∣cle prepare flegme in the stomack; hot Hepaticks in the Li∣ver; things heating the Reines in the Reines; hot things appropriated to the Womb in the Womb.

These things prepare Melancholy, * 1.45 and black Choler, Fu∣mitory, Buglosse, Burrage, Spleen-wort Bawme, a kind of bind weed growing about flax, Venus haire, common Ger∣mander, ground-pine, Hops, Barkes of Citrons, Fennell Rose∣mary, juice of Apples, Ceterach, Capers, Epithymum, Vio∣lets, Butchers Broome, the flowres, and seed of Tamariske of Basil, Ashen Keyes.

CHAP. VI. Of Emollients, Relaxing, Rarfying. &c.

EMollients are those things which power our that which is concreate, * 1.46 such are those things which neither are very hot nor exceeding dry; many hot in the second degree, and something moist, and moreover having a clammy or em∣plastick force, such as are the Leaves and Roots of Mallowes, and Marsh Mallowes, the Roots of white Lillies, Orach, English Mercury, the Seed of Mallowes Sesami, (a white graine growing in India) Flax, Fenugreeke, Marsh mal∣lowes, Fat Figs, Simple Oiles, the Fat of Hens, Sowes Fat, Calves, Kidds, Sheeps Fat, and such like, almost all Mar∣rowes, fresh Butter, Wax, Pitch, Rosin, Bdellium, Amoni∣ack, Storax melted, Ladanum, Galbanum.

To these are opposed hardning and binding things, * 1.47 which are cold and moist, Sengreen or life everlasting, purslan, Fleawort, Ducks-meat Night-shade.

Things loosening are compared to those things which bind, which joyning together humors contrary to nature, become hard, and are especially those which when certaine matter, or a vapour or Wind fills the space of the parts, and extends them, rarifies them, and attenuates and discusses an unsavory spirit and matter, such are those things that are mo∣derately hot, moisten more largely, and are of a thinner substance, that they easily penetrate and are not hindred by thicknesse, as Lillies, Oile of Camomil, Flaxseed, Fenu∣greek, Fats, Butter, Greazy wool and such like.

Condensing things, * 1.48 are of a more watry nature and con∣tract more weakly, and moreover they close the thin and ex∣ternall Pores, they contract and condense, but they cannot contract the whole part on every side, and powerfully, such are cold water, Purslan, Sengreen, Fleawort, Mouse-eare,

Ducks meate, Thistles, green Houseleek, the greater and the lesser.

Stiptick things are cold and astringent, * 1.49 and of a thick sub∣stance, for being applyed externally, by their thicknesse they stop the pores, and by their frigidity and siccity they contract the part and close them into one another, of that kind are those which are otherwise called binding (or astringent) the Barks of Pomegranates, Frankinsence, Mirobolanes, the Roots of Tormentill, Rhubarbe Torrified, Plantine, Horse∣taile, little double Dazies Blood-wort, or Wall-wort, the Floures of Pomegranates, Flowers of Roses, Sorrell; seeds; as of Plantine, Roses, Purslan, Ciprus-nuts, Mirtles, Quin∣ces, Pares, Medlars, Mulberries not ripe, Ceruises, or (swal∣low Pares,) the fruit of a Cornell or Dogg Tree, Oake Ap∣ples, Kernels of Grapes, Cups of Acorns, the red juice of Wax or Hony in the Hony-Combs; also such juice of Wild Hony, Acacia, Mastick, Vermillion, Spode, which is soot arising in the rising of Brasse, Pearles, Coral, Bolearmenack, Irish flat, Allum, Lapis Haematites or Bloodstone, Iron.

To condensing things are opposed rarifying things, * 1.50 and to astringent things, opening things; rarifying things are those which open the Pores of the Skin, and render the pas∣sages wider, that Vapours may be blowne or breathed out the better; such medicines are hot, but moderately, of thin parts and not drying, as Marsh-mallowes, English Mercury, Dill, Flowers of Camomill, of Melilot, of Elders, seed of Fe∣nugreek, Flax, dry Figs, old Oile, Butter.

Opening things are those as dilate the Orifices of the Vessels, whence they may be called in generall aperient, * 1.51 yet those are principally called aperient, which penetrate deeper and attenuate the thick humors, and are hot in the second degree, endued with somewhat a thicker substance, and are not easily dissipated untill they have performed their operation, * 1.52 to this purpose bitter things are very usefull next to these are attenuating and cutting, which divide, dissolve, and make lesse, those attenuate the thick, these the viscide, and glutinous humours, and are moreover of a thinner substance, and hot for the most part in the third degree; also sharpe, and such as appeare biting and

hot, to the smell, or taste, or to them both, and have a ni∣trous and salt savour, or they are sharpe and bitter, such are the five opening Rootes, * 1.53 so called, that is, of smallage, Fennell, Sparagus, Parsley, and Butchers broome, Grasse, Cichory, Eringo Rootes, Gentian, Ferne, wild or Garden madder, Century the greater, Asarabecca, Capers, of Tama∣risk, of Ashes, Fumetary Wormewood, Agrimony, Venus haire, Liver-wort Ceterash, Ground-pine, common Ger∣mander, Bind-weed, Hore-hound, Calamints, Penny-royall, Scurvygrasse, Brooklime, Water-Cresses, Anniseed, Fennell, seed, seed of Ammi, of Agnus Castus, red Parsnibs, Lupines, bitter Almonds, Capers, Kernells of Peaches and Apricocks, Cinnamon, Cubebs, Sorrell, Ammoniack, the juice of Ly∣mons.

To these are opposed, * 1.54 Incrassating things, which make the thinner, and more liquid juices thicker, such are cold or temperate, without sharpnesse, of a thick and terrene substance, whereby, whilst they mingle themselves with thinner humours, they make them become of a thicker consistence, as Bolearmenack, Poppy, Sorrell, Rice, Len∣tills, Quinces, wild Pares, Amylums, tis a food made of Corne without grinding, Chalybeate milke, the juice of Pom∣granets.

Emplasticks, * 1.55 and those which have a clammy and Plaister-like force, are such as adhere close to the passages of the body, and Plaister up the pores, as it were, fills them, and stops them, and they are certaine dry, and earthy things, yet without mordication, and acrimony, and if they are be∣daubed over the passages of the body, they are hardly taken away, but some are also mixt with an aqueous, and acrious humour, yet are tenacious, as sweet oyle, such are Amylum, Pompholix, which is the soile that runs off Brasse, Cerusse, Chalke, Bole armenack, Irish slat, Parget Litharge; burnt lead, the Rootes of Marsh Mallowes, Lillies, seed of Fene∣greek, all mucilages, and bran of wheate, Kernells of Pine nuts bruised in water, Gume Arabeck, Sarcocolla, Traga∣canth, fresh Grease, and Marrowes, fresh butter, new cheese, whites of an egg, wax.

To these are opposed detergent things, * 1.56 and such as open obstructions, whereof these cleanse filth in the superficies of the body, or skin, but those are of a more subtil substance, & penetrate into the pores also, and open obstructions, and moreover have a drying faculty, with

tenuity of substance whether they be hot, or cold, for there are both hot and cold abstergent things, such as are all salt things, bitter things, nitrous things, as Hore-hound, Centu∣ry the lesse, smallage, Wormewood, Southernwood, Hyssop, Cresses, the bread of Lupines, and of a kind of Pulse called Orabus, Agrimony, Beets, Germander, Tansey, Bitter Al∣monds, Roots of Birthwort, Orice, Gentian, Solomons Seale, Barley, Bran, Iuice of Lymons, Nettle-seed, Rootes of Ta∣mariske, Bark of Capers, Spleen-wort, Squils, Nitre, Hony, Sugar, all Lixuviums, or Lee, Whey, the Galls of living Creatures, Verdy-grease.

CHAP II. Of Medicines easing paine and causing rest.

Lastly, in this forme are Anodunes, Narcotticks, * 1.57 and Hyp∣noticks, those are properly Anodunes which doe not take away the cause of a disease or dull sence of paine, but such as mitigate the paine, the cause stil remaining, and they are temperate and gentle, and endued with mild heat, and are soft to the touch, and bring forth a pleasant and sweet plea∣santnesse and those performe that, which are endued with a luke-warme and gentle heate, and are most like to our bodies in temperature, and for the most part are soft and fat, and loosen, and mollifie the part that it may be the lesse apt to be sensible of paine, such are Camomil, Melilot, Dil, Elder, Mallowes, Marsh-mallowes, Seeds of Fenegreek, Flax, wheat, Barley, sweet Oyle of middle age, Oyle of sweet Almonds, and other things prepared, with those above, fresh Butter, Hens grease, Goose-grease, Whites of Eggs, the pulpe of White-bread, warme Milke, and Hoggs grease.

Narcoticks or stupefactives, and Hypnoticks, * 1.58 which also cause sleep, but neither take away the cause of paine, but stupifie the part and benumes it, least it should perceive that which is painefull; but this power depends on a hidden quality, such like are Lettice, Water-lillies, Poppey, Night∣shade, Henbane, Mandrake and Opium.

CHAP. VIII. Of drawing and Repelling Medicines.

IN the second forme, * 1.59 are drawing Medicines which attract the humours, and Spirits out of the body into the superfi∣cies, but that attraction is made by heate, concurring with tenuity of substance, and some are hot and dry in the se∣cond degree; which draw moderatly; others in the third degree, which draw more; others in the fourth, which draw most of all, and with their heate raise a tumour in the skin, with rednesse, and lastly raise blisters, from whence medicines to take away haire, Synapismes, Rubifying medi∣cines are prepared, such are the Rootes of both kinds of birth∣wort, selandine, sow-Breed little Dragon, Gentian, wild Pellitory, or sneezing-wort, Crowfoot, mustard-seed, Cresses, Garlick, Onions, Leaven, an Indian fruit like a Birds heart, and the juice like blood, Gum Amoniack, Galbanum, saga∣penum, Opoponax, dry Pitch, Propolis•• or that in a Hony∣combe like wax, Goose dung, Pidgeons dung, Hen dunge, and Cantharides.

Repelling Medicines, * 1.60 are opposed to attracting, and pro∣hibit the Flux of humours, or represseth and casteth back that humour which hath newly flown in, and moves there∣in, and is not as yet settled; they performe this, either be∣cause they are cold or astringent, or because they have both a cold and astringent faculty; astringents are two-fold, some are cold, others not, and indeed they doe most powerfully bind, which are both cold, and astringent; those things which repell only by frigidity and are aqueous, or humid, are cold water, life for ever, Purslan, Ducks-meate, Endive, Let∣tice, Night-shade, Coltrops of water, Venus Nauell, Flea∣wort, the white of an egg; cold things astringent are, Plan∣tine, narrow leaved Solomons seale, Mouseare, Daizes, Horsetaile, the leaves of service, or sherve Tree, Oake, Mirtle, Medler Tree, the Flowers of Rosemary, Pomgranates, Mirtle-berries, Oake Apples, swallow Peares, Barberries, Mirtles, the Barks of Pomgranates, the Rootes of wild Dam∣sons, the Rootes of Barberries, the Rootes of Cinqfoile, Snake-weed, (or small Bistort) Tormentill, the juice of Pomgranates, Acacia, Hypocistis, or sap of the Rootes of Cystus, of Mulberries not ripe, sorrell, Irish slat, Bolearme∣nack,

sanguis Draconis, Tutty, hot astringents are, spike, Aloes, Frankencense, Mirrh, Cypresse, Wormewood Cyprus Nuts, the Barks of Frankencense, sweet Garden Flag, Al∣lom.

CHAP. IX. Of Ripening things, and such as generate quitture; also of such as generate flesh and Brawny flesh, of such as dry and cleanse green wounds and cause Cicatrizing, and of such as generate seed and milke.

IN the third forme are ripening and concocting things, * 1.61 and moving purulent matter, so called, because without them the generation of matter cannot be easily performed by na∣ture, to wit, such which by the similitude they have with our bodyes, defend and increase the substance of the native heat, for they are temperately hot, and together moist and em∣plastick, which shutting the pores or passages, keep in and retaine the spirits and heat, such are sweet Oyles Oyle, mixed with water, Butter, Hogs grease, Calves grease, the seed, and Bran of Wheate, Wheaten Bread, the seed of Fenugreek, Flax, Leaves and Rootes of Marsh Mallowes, Mallowes, Beares breech, the Rootes of white Lillies, boyled Onions, dry Figs, Fats, liquid Pitch, (or Tarr) liquid storax, Turpen∣tine, whereof some if they seem, either too dry or too moist, you must observe, that scarce ever one of these is used alone but are mingled with others, so that the drynesse with the one may be corrected with the humidity of the other, and the humidity of the one with the drinesse of the other.,

Sarcotticks or such as generate flesh, are such as conduce, * 1.62 to the restauration of flesh, in a wound or ulcer, indeed na∣ture, in the generating of flesh is the cheif workeman, yet certain Medicines doe as it were helpe nature, whilst they remove excrements, which hinder nature in the generation of flesh, and preserve the native heate of the part, of which kind are those which moderatly heat and dry, and cleanse filth, without biting according to the plenty of quirture, and according to the humidity or ficcity of the body, some∣times they ought to be gentler, sometimes stronger, such are Barly Bread, a kind of pulse, called Ervum, Fenugreek, Tra∣gacanth,

Orice, Teares of jeat, Mastick, Frankencense, Sca∣mony, Aloes, Mirrh, Hony, Walwort, Saint Johns-wort, Birth-wort, Brasse Oare, Cerusse, Tutty, Pompholix, Li∣tharge, (or white lead.)

Next to these, are Glutinating Medicines, which are no way detergent, but rather astringent, and by some are called Enaima, and Traumatica, because they are used, in joyning of bleeding wounds, although they are used in cleanseing Ulcers, from which neverthelesse, according to more or lesse, Epuloticks differ from such as cicatrize, as being such dry more to the second degree; in the number of Glutina∣tives, and Epuloticks are, Allum, Litharge, Circocolla, Aloes, Bolearmenack, Lead, Brasse-oare, Birth-wort, the Flowers of Pomgranates, Corall, Horse-taile, Plantine, Wal-wort, Tor∣mentill, Cinqfoile, common Thurrow-wax, the Barkes of Pomgranates, Frankencense, Burnt-brasse washed, Sanguis Draconis, Lapis calaminaris, Antimony.

Hereunto belongs Traumatick Medicines, or vulnerary which by a peculiar force, so dispose the blood, that fit and laudable flesh by it may be restored, or any other substance, which is lost, and afford matter, for potions, called vulnera∣ry, such are, great and little Cumfery, Sannicle, Cumfery, the middle Sarracenous, Agrimony, Winter-green, Fluellin, Mug-wort, Plantine, Savine, Horse-taile, Rootes of Tormen∣till, of Gilli-flowers. Carduus Benedictus, common, or water Burnet, Ladies-mantle, Periwinkle, Pimpernell, Golden∣rod, Mouse-eare, century the lesse, Adders-tongue, Bittony Saint Johns-wort, Flowers of Roses, Tansey, Veruine, Dra∣gon, Rupture-wort, Cinqfoiles, Scordium Crabs-eyes, Mace, Bolearmenack.

To Epuloticks Poroticks all such as generate brawny flesh are nere alike unto, * 1.63 namely, such as dry, thicken, har∣den, moderatly heate, and bind, some of those are given in∣wardly as juice of Primeroses, or Cowslips, powder of the Roots of Agrimony, of the juice thereof, but especially the stone called Osteocolla, some are externally applyed, as Bolear∣menack, meale, Osteocolla, Aloes, Cypres Nuts, Franken∣cense, Tragacanth, Acacia.

Lastly to this forme belongs those things which generate and increase milke and seed, * 1.64 they helpe to generate milke which conduce to the generation of good blood, and draw blood to the pappes, and have a peculiar consent with the breasts, such are Fennell, and Dill green, Louage, Smallage,

Poley Mountaine, Rocket, Milke-wort, yet some are said to conduce to the generation of milke, by a propriety of sub∣stance, as powder of Chrystall, Fennell, and Dill.

In like manner those things for the generation of seed, * 1.65 which generate the best blood, which is the matter of seed, and what things soever, draws the blood to the vessels, ap∣pointed for generation of seed, or which fill the seed with wind, namely moderately moist, and temperatly hot, such are, Leekes, Parsnips, a kind of a land Scinks, Satyrion, Rocket, Ashen Keyes, Flax, Garlick, Onions, Eringo-rootes, Turneps, Sparagus, Green-ginger, Galingale, sweet Al∣monds, Pine-nuts, Pistack-nuts, Chestnuts, Dates, Beanes, Carrots, Rapes, Rice, Artechoakes, obstreae.

CHAP. X. Of such things as make the skin red, of such as cause Blisters, and of such as cause scabs, or pustules, of burning things, of Corrosives, Putrifactives and of such things as take away haire, and ex∣tinguish milke and seed.

TO the fourth ranke, belong those things which breake forth, Rube-factives, Escaroticks, and Causticks, which are all comprehended under the name of fiery Medicines, which with their exceeding heate, as the heate of water, or fire, burne our bodyes, the most gentle amongst them, are Rube-factives which onely by heating make the skin red, and those things which lye deeper, they draw out to the skin, * 1.66 such are Mustard-seed, Cresses-seed, Nettle-seed, the Rootes of Thapsiae.

The stronger are called vesicatories, * 1.67 because they raise Pustules, or Blisters, which for reason of the tenuity of sub∣stance, burne only the Cuticle, or the outmost skin, and draw out a humour, like scalding water, and pull the cuticle from the cutis, or thick skin, and raise it into a bladder, such are, Cantharides, Mustard-seed, Leaven, strange Clema∣tis, Crow-foot, seed of Cresses, Thapsia, roote of Sow-bread, bastard Pelitory, sea Onions, Garlick, Doves-foot, Euphor∣bium, Pidgeons-dung, Soape.

The more vehement are Escaroticks, or such as cause, * 1.68

Pustules, or scabs, so called because they burne, not only the cuticle, but also the cutis, and they are hot in the fourth de∣gree, and of a thick substance.

Amongst these the most vehement are Causticks, * 1.69 and they are endued with extraordinary heate, and thick substance, which burne not only the skin, but sometimes the flesh also, as burnt brasse, Flowre of Brasse, quicklime, vitriol, Ashes, or dust of the dregs of Wine, little Figs, Ashes, of Ash, Savine, Pidgeons dung, Ashes of a Pine Tree, white Helle∣bore, Salt prepared of the lee, whereof soape is made, Arse∣nick, Oaker, Mercury sublimate.

Besides these there are yet other Medicines which draw away flesh, * 1.70 and they are two-fold, some of them are more mild and are called Cathereticks, others are stronger which are called Stypticks; Cathereticks, or Corrafives, are those which take away the soft flesh that is growing, and only the outmost which they touch, they take away the superficies not suddenly, but by degrees, but cannot be indured to pene∣trate deeper, and they are hot in the third and fourth degree, the milder whereof are, Aloes, Allum, Ashes of Oystershells, Ashes of an Oake and Fig-tree, the Rootes of a white Vine, of black Hellebore, burnt Lead, Antimony calcined, the stronger are quick-lime, Flowre of Brasse, burnt Brasse, vitri∣ol calcined, Quick-silver precipitated, sublimate vitriol, Mysy∣sory (a stinking mettall) burnt lead, * 1.71 oyle of vitriol, sulphure.

Stypticks, or Putrifactives, soften the harder flesh, and they are the hottest, dryest, sharpest, pernicious to the na∣tive heate, which seeing they destroy, and take away the ra∣dicall moisture there followeth corruption of the substance of the part, and a deadly putrifyed disease, such are Arsenick, Orpiment male, or Female stone-Ferne; Pityocampes, they are wormes in a Pine Tree, Monks-hood, sandaracha.

Hereunto belongs those things that take away haire, * 1.72 and extirpate them, and make the part bald, and if they continue long in the skin, they exulcerate and burne it, such are strong Lee, quick-lime, Ants, or Pismires eggs, sandaracha, Orpiment and Arsenick.

Moreover concerning the extinguishing and diminshing, * 1.73 of milke and seed, the generation of milke is hindered, if the store of blood be abated, which medicines do not performe, but spare dyet, or exercise, hinders the comming of it to the brest, such are Hemlock, Lettice, Ducks-meat, Water Lillies, Gourds, Night-shade, Purslan, Poppy but milke that is

generated, is consumed, by the seed of Agnus Castus, Cala∣mints, Cummin, Rue, sage, saffron, Bean-meale, Lupines, Basil, some whereof are thought to doe it by a hidden pro∣priety.

Certaine things consume the seed by a hidden propriety, * 1.74 Rag weed, the lesser, as the greater, increaseth seed; seed of Agnus Castus, some by a manifest quality, cold things as Hemlock, Gourds, Henbane, Lettice Water Lillies, Wood∣sorrell, Ducks meate, sorrell, and sower things; hot, Cala∣mints, mints, Dill, Rue, Hemp seed, hereunto also belongs Saccharum Saturni, Camphir, which J. C. Scalliger de∣nyes.

CHAP XI. Of Medicines purging through the Paunch.

IN the first ranck of Medicines, * 1.75 namly of those things which consist in the ablation of any thing, and are first called Purgers, but although all Medicines in generall which free any parts of the body from excrements may be called, purg∣ing medicines, yet use hath brought it to passe that they are only called purging medicines in particular which lead or drive out excrements through the paunch or by Vomit; those which move by the belly and are wont to be known by the common name of Evacuators, are twofold; some of them are such as only purge the belly and the first passages, others there are which reach beyond the first Region of the body and emit peccant humours from the more remote parts, which are more properly called purging medicines.

The former sort the Greeks call, * 1.76 Enteropticks and Hy∣pacticks that is Lenitives, because they evacuate ordure out of the guts, and whatsoever is detained in the stomach, guts, and Orifices of the Meseraick veines, whether they doe it by mollifying and humecting, or by lubrifying and making the passages slippery, which they imbue, and melt the feces with their abundant humidity, and provoake to expulsion, or whe∣ther they have a power of cleanseing and moderatly stimu∣lating, such are, Mallowes, March mallowes, the herbe Mer∣cury, Beets, Cabbage, Blites, Orach, Sparagus, Raysins, sweete Pruins, Sebestens, Cassia, Manna, Tamarinds, Oyle of sweet Almonds, new fat Figs, sweete Apples, fat Broaths, especially of a Cock or Capon, whey, especially of Goats milke, fresh new Butter.

But the purging medicines are most properly so called which send forth some particular humour out of the body, * 1.77 from some particular part, but by what power they performe, that is much controverted by Physitians, but it seemes pro∣bable, that purging medicines, whither taken in at the mouth, or by Clister, or externally applyed to the Navell or belly, or held in the hands or applyed to the Buttocks are resolved and deduced into action by the heate of our bodyes, and that the most subtill spirits, or vapours of them so resol∣ved are dispersed through vessels into the whole body, and by a hidden force and propriety, move the humours which have affinity with them, and trouble, stir up, and as it were ferment them, and do so bring it to passe, that those hu∣mors, which before were mixed with the blood, and caused no disturbance of nature, being now stirred up and seperated from them, and being by themselves, stimulate nature and irritate it to expulsion, which being irritated by the helpe of the expulsive faculty, expells both the purging medicine, and the vitious humor so seperated by the power thereof, to∣gether from the body.

But some of them are more mild which mollify the belley, * 1.78 yet besides this, by a propriety of substance, regard a peculiar humour, and exercise their strength beyond the first wayes, to the Liver and Spleen, yet cannot evacuate from the whole, and the most remote parts, some are stronger, which eva∣cuate beyond the liver and spleen, also greater vessells, but the strongest purges are those which evacuate humours out of the whole body, * 1.79 and from the most remote parts, and from the smallest veines; there are divers purging medicines, yet the difference of them is drawn, from the number of hu∣mours, which they attract by a specifique force.

Cholagogues, or the milder purgers of choler.

MAnna, * 1.80 which in the broath of Beef, or of a Hen, or in a decoction of Pruins, or Tamarinds being dis∣solved, and strained, is given, from an Ounce to three Oun∣ces.

Cassia Fistula, * 1.81 is a benigne, and safe medicine at all times and all ages, unlesse that it be too moist and windy, and therefore, not so convenient for a moist stomack and guts,

and those that are flatulent, and therefore is corrected with Cinamon, Mastick, Anni-seed, Fennell-seed, Carrot-seed, halfe a drachm, or a whole drachm being added to it, it is exhibited conveniently in the forme of a Bolus, or Electuary not long before meate, it is given from halfe an Ounce, to two Ounces.

Tamarinds are cold and dry in the second degree, * 1.82 and for that reason, represse the Acrimony, and heate of humours, the pulpe is given from an Ounce to two Ounces, or three Ounces, and in decoction to foure Ounces.

The juice of Roses, syrups, * 1.83 and Hony prepared of it gives strength to the Liver, and bowels, but it opens the Orifices, and therefore is not to be given to such as are with child, the juice is given to two Ounces, the Syrup and Hony to three or five Ounces.

The juice of Violets, * 1.84 and Syrup and Hony prepared thereof, mitigates heate, the juice is given to two Ounces, the syrup and Hony to foure Ounces.

Flowers of the Peach-Tree cause not only purging, * 1.85 but vomiting, and purge chollerick and serous humours, the Syrup prepare of them is given to two Ounces, the conserve to an Ounce, a handfull of them infused in Wine doth per∣forme the same.

Myrobalans, of citron colour, are cold and dry, * 1.86 and also bind, and strengthen the bowells, but are not so safe in ob∣structions thereof. Their astriction is corrected, opening things being added, and sweet smelling seeds, or if they are rouled in Oyle of sweet Almonds, they are given in powder to two drachms, in infusion to five drachms, or to an ounce and halfe.

Rupbarbe besides yellow choler, purges phlegme also, * 1.87 but not unlesse it stick in the nighest passages, tis principal∣ly good for the liver, it hath divers parts, by the more sub∣tile it purgeth and opens, by the thicker it binds, whence it is profitable, in a Lientary, and in spitting of blood, and in ruptures, it is given in the substance, in infusion, and de∣coction, it ought to be very light, and the third part of Ci∣namon is added, or of Camells hay or Indian spike, when you are willing only to purge, or open, tis best given, in in∣fusion or decoction, but when you would bind and corroba∣rate tis best in the substance; there is also an extract prepared hereof, but such a one, which scarce purgeth stronger, then when it is taken in the substance, tis given in the substance

tis given in the substance, to two drachms, in infusion to halfe an ounce.

Turpentine moves not only the belly, * 1.88 but the bowells, and especially cleanseth the reines, tis given with the powder of Rhubarbe, or Licorish, and Sugar, made into a Bolus, or with the yolke of an egg, and some convenient water therewith, wrought in a Morter, and reduced into a milky liquor, tis given from halfe an Ounce to six drachms.

Aloes is hot in the second degree, * 1.89 and dry in the third, exceeding bitter, it opens the mouths of the veines, and therefore is hurtfull to such as are apt to a Flux of blood, or such as are with child, and Hecticks, and no way safe for those that are hot and dry, extenuated; tis most conveniently ta∣ken prepared, and extracted, and Rosated, as they call it, by reason of the bitternesse of it; it is not easily given in drinke, but in pills, most pro∣perly it is given from halfe a drachm, to three drachms.

Fleabane, * 1.90 or Flea-wort, the seed of it, is cold and dry, in the second degree, tis given in infusion, rather then in the substance, from a drachm to three drachms,

Stronger Purgers of Choler.

SCammony is hot and dry in the third degree, * 1.91 it primarily drawes choler, next Phlegmaticks humours, and unlesse it be well corrected, it frets the guts by its Acrimony, causeth gripings, opens the Orifices of the vessells, and causeth a Flux of blood, it hurts the stomack, Liver, and Heart, in∣flames the Spirits, and stirs up feavers, and therefore we sel∣dome use it alone; and least that it should offend, fat things are to be added, Tragacanth, Bdellium, Oyle of sweet Almonds, seed of Fleabane, Cinamon, Spike, Galangale, Fen∣nell seed, Quinces, Mastick, the juice of Violets, and Roses, tis commonly corrected, by boyling it in the substance of a Quince, and so prepared tis called Diagrydium, there is also prepared of it an extract, or Rosin, it is scarcely fit to be gi∣ven to those that are weake although it be corrected, the dose of Dyagridium is given from five to fifteen graines, some give a scruple.

Asarabecca purges choller by the Paunch, * 1.92 yet it rather stirs up vomit, it attenuates, opens obstructions, and provokes sweats, and therefore is profitable for Hydropick and Icterick persons, and such as are troubled with the Spleen, and Quar∣tan Agues, tis given in the substance from halfe a Drachme, to two Scruples or a Drachme, in infusion from two Drach∣mes to halfe an ounce.

The milder purgers of Phlegme.

MYrobolans, * 1.93 Chebulae which principally are good for the Braine and Liver, according to some evacuate also black choller, emblick which are appointed for the heart, Spleen, and Liver, as also Bellirick are cold, in the first, and dry in the second degree, and bind, and therfore are not safely given in obstructions, nor when Phleagme tenaci∣ously cleaves to the guts, but in fluctuations and in a loose∣nesse, and when there is need of astriction and corrobora∣ting, they are prepared according as we have shewed before, of the Citron Myrobalams there is also the same Dose to be given.

Agarick purges onely thin, and aqueous Phlegme, * 1.94 but not viscide, and principally evacuates the excrements of the Braine, and Lungs, opens obstructions of the bowells, yet is not so commodious for the stomack, and therefore the third part of Cloves, Nutmegs, Galingale, Sal gemmae, Ginger, are to be added, tis given in the substance to two Drachmes, in in infusion from two Drachmes to halfe an ounce.

Mechoacan also purges Phlegme, * 1.95 but principally se∣rous and aqueous humors, and therefore is excellent in Drop∣sies; tis corrected with the third part of Cinamon, Anniseed, Mastick, tis given from a drachme to two drachmes in the substance, in infusion to halfe an ounce.

The stronger Purger of Phlegme.

TVrbith is hot in the third, * 1.96 and dry in the second de∣gree, and drawes out thick and viscide Phlegme, even from the remotest parts, tis hurtfull to the stomack, and cau∣seth

loathing, and Vomit, and is not to be given to children, old men, nor Women with child, and when tis exhibited, it is to be corrected with Ginger, Mastick, Pepper, Cina∣mon, Fennel, Galingale, nor must you eat fish after you have used it, the Dose is from 2. scruples, to 4. scruples, in the substance, in infusion or decoction from 2. Drachmes to 3. Drachms to 6. Drachms.

The seed of wild Saffron, * 1.97 purgeth Fleagme, and Water, by Vomit and Stoole, and is very good for the breast, and such as have Asthmaes, but it is an enemy to the stomack, and therefore it is used with the third part of Cinamon, Galingale, Mastick, or Anniseed, tis given in decoction from three Drachmes to six Drachmes.

Coloquintida, * 1.98 which is hot and dry in the third degree drawes out Flegme, from the most profound and more re∣mote parts; Turbith cannot evacuate but is a most vehement medicine, and offends the stomack and Guts, when there is a Feaver; and moreover it useth to be sod, being bound up in a skin, tis seldome used alone, but instead thereof Tro∣ches made thereof, which they call Alhandals, are wont to be used, tis corrected with Cinamon, Tragacanth Mastick, Bdellium, and other Cordiacks, Hepaticks, and Stomaticks, tis given to 15. graines or a Scruple.

Hermodactiles purge thick Phlegme especially from the joynts, * 1.99 and therefore is good for the Gout; tis corrected with Cinamon, Ginger, Mints; tis given in the substance from 2. scruples to a Drachme and halfe, in infusion, or de∣coction to 3. Drachmes.

Euphorbium is hot and drying the fourth degree, * 1.100 it drawes away thick and tough Phlegme, but more powerfully aque∣ous humours, it is a violent medicine, and tis reckoned by some, rather among poysons, then purgers, tis corrected by cordials and stomaticks, Oyle of sweet Almonds, Saffron, Mastick, by the sowernesse of a Lynion or Cytron, the high∣est Dose of it is 10. Graines.

Opopanax heates in the third, * 1.101 and dries in the se∣cond, it drawes away thick and viscide Phlegme from the more remote parts and joynts, tis corrected with the third part of Ginger, Spike, Cinamon, or Mastick, tis given from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme.

Sagapenum is hot in the third, * 1.102 and dry in the second de∣gree, and purges clammy and thick humours from the Bow∣els, Braine, and more remote parts especially of old men

hurts the stomack and Liver, it is corrected as opopanax, the Dose is from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme.

The milder Purgers of Melancholy and black humours.

INdian myrobolans are of the same nature with the rest of them, onely that these purge melancholy. * 1.103

Polipodie evacuates adust choler, as also Phlegme; tis profitable in diseases of the splcene, and Hypocondries, * 1.104 the Dose is from a Drachme to three Drachmes, in infusion to an Ounce and above,

Epithymum purges a dust choller, * 1.105 and Melancholy with∣out trouble, and is profitable in Diseases proceeding from hence; yet because tis hot and dry in the third degree, tis sa∣fer to be used in Winter, then in Summer, tis given in the substance from two Drachmes, to three Drachmes in infusi∣on from halfe an ounce to an ounce.

Sena is as it were the middle betwixt the stronger and weaker, hot in the second, dry in the first, * 1.106 tis a very usefull medicine, which not onely evacuates adust humours, but also choler and Phlegme; cleanseth all the bowels, and is con∣venient for all ages, when tis more dry tis not inconveniently corrected with the flowers of Violets and Burrage, Ginger, or Cinamon, or the fourth part of Galingale is added to it, the powder is given from a Drachme to two Drachmes, in in∣fusion from halfe an ounce to an ounce.

The stronger purgers of Melancholy and adust humors.

LApis Armenius purges dull, thick, melancholy humours, * 1.107 yet more gently then Hellebore, it is corrected by washing in Cordiall waters, tis given from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme, or sometimes to a Drachme and halfe.

Lapis Lazuli hath the same vertue but is something wea∣ker, tis corrected with Cordialls, the Dose is the same. * 1.108

Black Hellebore is not usually to be given to children; * 1.109 women that are great, nor to weake bodies, and indeed it is more safely given in decoction, then in the substance, tis corrected with Cordialls, and stomaticks; tis given in the

substance from a scruple to two, nay to a Drachme, in infu∣sion or decoction from a Drachme to halfe an ounce.

Hydragogues and such as evacuate aqueous humours.

THe juice of the root of Flowerdeluce is hot and dry in the third, * 1.110 opens drawes, out thin Choller and water; but for women with Child tis not so safe, because it provokes the months, tis corrected with a little Wine and Cinamon, and Manna, or honey of Roses is added; or decoction of reysins of the Sun, tis given from halfe an Ounce to an Ounce and halfe, or two Ounces.

Gratiola or hedge Hyssop purges by stoole and vomit, * 1.111 but troubles not a little the body, tis corrected with Cina∣mon, Anniseed, Liquorish, tis given in the substance to a Drachme, in decoction from halfe an Ounce to an Ounce.

Elaterium or the juice of wild Cucumbers drawes water and choller out of the Bowels, * 1.112 and happily drawes forth the water of hydropick persons, but it provokes vomit also, gripes the bowels, opens the mouthes of the Veines, and unlesse it be cautiously exhibited doth mischiefe; tis corrected with Tra∣gacanth, Fleawort, Bdellium and Cinamon; in the Dose you must not easily exceed six Graines.

The rine and juice of the root spurge, * 1.113 purgeth and gnaw∣eth powerfully, and therefore is corrected with Bdellium, Tragacanth, Mucilage of Fleawort, Cinamon, Spike, the Dose of the Barke of the Root is from six graines to fifteene graines, but of the milke (or juice) from three graines to eight graines.

Mezereon whose force is fiery, * 1.114 exceeding sharpe, exulcera∣ting, biting, kindling Feavers, dissolving the strength of the heart, and noble parts, and purging choller violently; and Bilous serosities, tis corrected with Sorrel, with the juice of Pomegranates or of Quinces, of Purslan, Mucelage of the seed of Fleabane, the Dose in the substance is from six grains to ten graines, in the decoction from halfe a Drachme to a Drachme.

Dwarfe elder, * 1.115 or Dane wort and elder, the seed and mid∣dle barke, and juice of the root and leaves, draw out water, they are corrected with Cinamon, the Dose of the berries is given to a Drachme, of the barks to two drachms, of the juice

from halfe an ounce to six drachmes.

Soldanella or sea Colewort are the best remedy to draw out water, but tis an enemy to the stomack, * 1.116 tis corrected with Ci∣namon, and Ginger, the Dose is from a drachme to 2. drach∣mes, of the juice to halfe an ounce.

Gummigote purgeth choller and water, * 1.117 and oftentimes cau∣seth vomit, which is prohibited by the addition of the spirit of salt or Mace, the Dose is from five graines to eight graines.

The root of Ialap powerfully and with violence purgeth se∣rous and black humors, tis given from a scruple to 2. scruples. * 1.118

Although each of these do purge single humors, yet some of them do purge other humors also secondarily, Rhubarbe, A∣loes, Cassia, Agarick, Scammony, evacuate choller with Phleagme; Myrobolanes, Chebulae, Lapis Armenius, Lapis La∣zuli, Phlegme and black choller. Sena, Epithymum, Polipodie, black Hellebore, purge choler, Phleame, and Melancholy, the latter Physitians have drawne other medicines into use un∣known to the Ancients, prepared of Venus Mercury and Mars.

CHAP. XII. Of Medicines that cause vomits.

SEcondly amongst evacuating medicines are such as cause vomitings, * 1.119 which indeed evacuate the stomack immediat∣ly, yet if they are too strong they draw the neighbouring Bow∣els and the greater veines, they performe that for the most part by a peculiar propriety, by reason of which they have an inclination upwards, yet some of them for a manifest cause, namely because they swim in the stomack and oppresse it, and loosen the Orifice of the superior ventricle, such are all fat and oily substances. But some are gentle, others indiffe∣rent strong, others very strong.

The gentle are simple water, or Barley water luke warme, * 1.120 especially with a little honey, and salt, dranke by little and little at one draught, common oyle luke warme, foure ounces or six ounces, Hydromell largely taken, Hydreles to ten oun∣ces, Figgs newly eaten, and cold water dranked after.

The middle sort are the Flowers of Dill, * 1.121 as also the Seed of Orach, and of Raddish, they are given from two drachmes to halfe an ounce, the root of Asarabecca, and Orach are given in the substance to foure scruples; Bittony, the middle barke of a Walnut, to a drachme, in infusion to halfe an ounce, the greene pill that co∣ver the walnut shell dryed in an Oven, from halfe a

a drachm to a drachm, the juice of Raddish to two ounces, the tops of green Elder, (or the berries.)

The strongest are the Rootes, * 1.122 of Spurge, of Sow-bread, to a drachm; in infusion, from a drachm to two drachms; the Rootes of white Hellebore, in infusion from halfe a drachm to a drachm, adding cardiacks, Flowers of Danewort, Barkes, or Roote; Flowers of broome, seed of broome, from two drachms, to halfe an ounce, the seed of spurge, the husks be∣ing taken of, ten in number, a water to provoke vomit made of green Walnuts and Raddish Rootes, Ana, parts 2. of Vinegar part 3 d, being distilled, is given to two ounces or three ounces, white vitriol, Salt of vitriol, glasse of Mars, and Flowers, crocus Metallorum, and from thence a water to cause vomiting prepared by Rulandus, Mercurius vitae &c. are in use with the chymists.

CHAP XIII. Of Medicines causing Ʋrine.

OF Diuretick medicines, or such as cause Urine, some are properly so called, * 1.123 namely such as easily penetrate into the veines, and poure humors into them, they cut, and sepe∣rate the thick from the thin; that they may so doe, tis ne∣cessary that they be hot in the third degree, and of a most thin substance, of this kind are, the Rootes of smallage, Fen∣nell, Parsly, Butchers-broome, Sparagus, Valerian, Burnet, Spikenard, Asarabecca, Wormewood, Agrimony, Nettles, Ground-pine, Cheruil, Rue, Scordium, Anniseed, Fennell-seed, Hart-wort, cheruil, Gromwell, Saxifrage, Juniper-berries, sweet Almonds, Peach-stones, and water distilled out of them with Malmesey Wine, Cubebs, Garden-cresses, the wood cassia, Medicines of spirit of Salt, and of Tartar, others lesse properly so called, whereof some are hot but doe not at∣taine to the third degree, as Turpentine, Parsnips, Dill, Venus haire, fresh gathered Rootes of Smallage, others are moist also which supple, or loosen the passages of Urine, as Licorish, march Mallowes, the seed of Mallowes, others are cold, which have an abstersive faculty moderate, attenuating, and refrigerating force, such are Pippens, Gourds, Cucumbers, the substance and seed therof, Barley, Strawberries, whey, juice of citrons, and Lymons, others besides that they are of thin parts, they afford much aqueous humidity, as thin

white Wine, the seed of Melons, Gourds, cucumbers, waters of baths.

CHAP XIV. Of Medicines provoking sweats.

I Droticks, * 1.124 or Sudoriphicks are endued with a greater te∣nuity of parts, then Diureticks, they are hot also and be∣sides they penetrate into the farthest parts of the body and cut humours, they attenuate, rarify, and turne into exhala∣tion, and what ever is in their way, they carry with them, and drive into the extremities of the body, or if some amongst them are cold, or astringent also, by a hidden quality, where∣by they resist poyson, they drive malignant humours to the superficies of the body.

Such are Carduus Benedictus, Venus haire, Rootes of Fen∣nell, Smallage, Parsley, Burdocke, Burnet, Angelica, Tor∣mentill, Worm-seed, China, Flowers of chamomill, the wood guaicum, Sassafras, Irish slat, Harts-horne, juice of Elder, Bezoarticum, Minerald without; and with Gold, fixed steele, or Diaphoretick, and copper, and steele fixed, Diaphore∣tick, Mercury precipitate, also to provoke sweates, Laconick bathes, of sweet water are profitable, also fomentations, as warme Bottles, and hot Tiles, Frications, Vnctions and such like.

CHAP. XV. Of Diaphoreticks and Medicines, discussing wind.

DIaphoreticks, with the Greekes are the same, * 1.125 with dis∣cutient and dissolving medicines with the Latines, and they drive out through the insensible passages, and secret pores, all such things are hot and dry, and have power of converting humours into Vapours, and of opening, and dila∣ting the pores of the skin, such are camomill, Melilot, Dill, Fenugreek, Rue, seed of Flax, Lupines, Galbanum, dryed Pitch, Storax, Brimstone, Sagapenum, and such like which are lately named.

Next to these are they which are called, * 1.126 discussers of wind, which as well can discusse, and consume wind within the body as when it is moving to the extremities, such are,

besides those already named, century the lesse, which won∣derfully conduceth to the discussion of wind, upon the Hy∣pocondries, Anniseed, Bay-leaves, Pennyroyall, Fennel-seed caraway-seed, cummin, Ammi, carrot seed, Parsley, Agnus Castus, Dill, Juniper-berries, Bay-berries, Galingale, cloves, Mace, the Pills of Oranges, the genitalls of a Beaver.

CHAP. XVI. Of provoking courses, expelling the secundine, and a dead child.

SUch as bring downe menstrous, * 1.127 are either improperly so called, to wit, such as corroborate the expulsive faculty, or further the generation of blood, or else attenuate its thicknesse, and viscidity; or properly so called, which open obstructions of the wombe, and draw down blood to the wombe, which opening and cleanseing things most power∣fully performe, and such as are not of a very thin substance, least through their tenuity of substance, they should present∣ly be scattered, and therefore there is most conveniently provided for this purpose, things which have some bitter∣nesse, mixt with Acrimony; such like are Sage, Penny-royall, Dittany, or Garden-ginger, Marjerom, Rue, Cala∣mint, Wild-Marjerom, Bittony, Spike, Asarabecca, Mug∣wort, Germander, Worme-wood, Ground-pine, Rootes of red Madder, Birth-wort, Fennell, Parsley, Flowerdeluce, Eringo, Lovage, Burnet, Saffron, Flowers of white Violets, Parsnips, Juniper-berries, of Bays, Flowers of Camomill, Cinamon, Mirrh, native Borax.

The stronger of these drive out the secundine, * 1.128 and expell a dead child, which therefore are called casters out, and drivers out, or Ejaculators, because they drive out the young; such like are, Asa faetida, castor, Myrrh, and those things which are variously applyed externally, as Opopanax, Galba∣num, Amoniacum, Sulphure, the smell of the burnt hoofes of an Ass, Coloquintida, Rue, wild Cucumbers, the gall of a Cow, or Calfe.

CHAP. XVII. Of Medicines that breake the stone.

SInce the common Doctrine of the generation of stones is suspected, as is said before in the second Booke, page 2. * 1.129 C. 9. also the common opinion which strives to support it concerning the power of dissolving stones is suspected, and therefore here we deservedly fly to the propriety of the whole substance, which nevertheless is not inconveniently drawne, from a Saline or salt force, the medicines breaking the stone are Ground Ivy, Bitony, Pelitory, the Rootes of Rest-harrow, the five Diureticks, the Rootes of Raddish, Saxafrage, Burs, bitter Almonds, cherry-stones, the stones of Apricocks, the Kernells of Medlars, Grumwell, Parsnips, cinamon, Gourds, crabs stones, Goates blood, Lapis Judaicus, the Rootes of Sparrage, Snales, Lignum Nephriticum.

CHAP. XVIII. Of Errhines, Sternutatories, and Apophlegma∣tismes.

ERrhines draw out phlegme into the Nostrills, * 1.130 not from the ventricles of the braine but such as is about the mem∣branes covering the braine; they performe that by their heate and vitrosity wherewith they are endued by their extergent and sharpe faculty; such are made of Marjerom, Rue, Pimpernell, cabbage, Beetes, Rootes of Flowerdeluce, Fen∣nell flowre, Penneroyall, Wild Marjerom, Hore-hound, Sow-bread, Wild Cucumbers, celendine, Fell-wort, the juice of double or single Pasque flowre.

Ptarnicks, or Sternutatories, or such as cause sneezing, * 1.131 are those which by their Acrimony irritate the expulsive fa∣culty of the braine, which being wearied desiring to expel the medicine, sends out together with it the excrements, which remaine about its membranes, and in it selfe, such like are certaine Errhines most curiously powdered, and likewise white Pepper, Ginger, white Hellebore, bastard Pellitory, Caster, Cloves, sneezing-wort, Euphorbium.

Lastly, Apophlegmatismes, Masticatories, * 1.132 or Gargarismes are those which being put into the mouth and touching the

Palate, draw excrements from the braine into the Palate and mouth, and that by their whole substance, or by their heate and Acrimony, which poure out and melt excrements, and stimulate the expulsive faculty of the braine to expell, such are made of Mastick, Raisins, Hyssop, wild Marjerom, sweet Marjerom, Penneroyall, Caster, Cubebs, the barkes of the Rootes of Capers, Ginger, Fennell flowre, white and black Pepper, Mustard-seed, Turbith, Staves-acre.

CHAP. XIX Of things causing spittle.

THose things which helpe to evacuate humors in the breast and lunges when they are therein contained, * 1.133 ought to be cutting and attenuating and somewhat sharpe, that they may render what is thick thin, and what adheres by reason of viscidity, may be cleansed, least the thinner parts be∣ing resolved, the thick should be left behind and become un∣fit for expulsion, nor should they be too sharpe least they should stir up the cough, such are made of Hyssop, Venus haire, Scabious, Raisins, Horse-hoofes, the Roote of Elecam∣pane, Birth-wort, Angelico, Flowerdeluce, Wake-robbin, Squills, Licorish, Raisins of the Sun, Injubes, Sebestens, Almonds, Figs, Pistack-nuts, the feed of a silke worme, Gar∣den Cresses, Water-cresses, Hartwort, Nettle-seed, Sper∣ma ceti.

CHAP. XX. Of Medicines killing and expelling wormes.

LAstly those things may conveniently be referred to this ranke which kill wormes, * 1.134 whither they doe it by bitter∣nesse, or by a peculiar or occult force, such are century the lesser, Wormewood, the Herbe Lung-wort, Mints, the leaves of Peach-Trees, Rue, Purslan, Sorrell, Lyons-Tooth, Cynae or Santonici an Herbe like Southernwood, the stalkes of Leekes, Orach, Plantaine, Lupines, Rootes of Grapes, Ferne, Gentian; Elecampane, bitter Almonds, Peach-stones, Aloes, Syrup of Pomgranates, Citrons, Hearts-horne prepared, Bole armenick, Myrrh, whither they are ta∣ken inwardly or externally applyed to the Navill.

CHAP. XXI. Of drugs good against Poyson.

IN the last ranck of Medicines, * 1.135 we will place those things which resist Poyson which are called Alexiteria or Alexi∣pharmaca, all of these if we rightly weigh the matter, per∣forme that which they doe either with their whole substance, as they say, or else by some occult propriety: Medicines against Poyson are two-fold, some are generall, and common, which resist all manner of Poysons, and strengthen and comfort the heart and vitall Spirits, so that they cannot easily take in∣fection, others are particular which oppose some peculiar sort of Poyson.

Common Antidotes against Poyson are Angelica; * 1.136 Carduus Benedictus, Valerian, Dittany, Scabius, Divells-bit, Swal∣low-wort, Burnet, Tormentill, Rue, Germander, Sorrell, Worme-wood, Plantine, Marigolds, Speed-well, or Fluelin, Vipers-grass, Zedoary, Gentian, Juniper-berries, Citrons, Bezoar stone, Unicornes-horne, Harts-horne, Bole armenick, Irish-slat.

Of those Alexipharmicks which resist particular Poysons, * 1.137 many are delivered by Dioscordies in his sixth booke.

CHAP XXII. Of the manner of finding out the vertue of Medi∣cines.

WE come to the knowledge of the faculties of these Medicines two wayes, by reason, and Experience; * 1.138 and indeed especially by experience; for the force of some Medicines, as acting in their whole substan••, is found out only by experience and although reason may seeme to per∣swade some things, yet unlesse it be confirmed by experience it is to be rejected; truly those indications are not plainly to be rejected which are taken from externall passions of things, from the place, and Aire, from colours, and smells, and remarkeable signes, yet in many things they faile, unless experience be joyned: nay experience alone often sufficeth, for those things which are cleerly manifest to our senses, leave nothing of doubt, yet if that which is found by experience,

can be confirmed by reason, * 1.139 that is, by much the most cer∣taine knowledge, but when reason seemes to be adverse to experience, tis better to cleave to experience, yet experi∣ence ought not to be taken rashly, nor to be taken from one example but many observations, and those are choicely to be collected, which may be done if the medicine acting, and the body or subject suffering, be diligently considered.

In medicines, especially such as are taken from Plants, the substance, quantity, quality, age, time of gathering, na∣tive place, and such like, are to be considered, and especially to be regarded, whether it have got any strange, and acqui∣red quality, but it ought to have its owne vertue whole and entire.

The subject is mans body, and all medicines are said to be such, not absolutly, nor in respect of other things, but in re∣gard of mans body, whence it comes to passe, that experience ought to be made, of the primary qualities in a temperate man; in others for the most part, especially those that are sick, and those that are affected with me simple discase, and not a compound, least experience should be put out of its course, nor is it enough, that experience be made once, or in one body, but observation ought to be made in many that are alike in Temperament, age, sex, structure of body; it is also to be considered whether any Medicine, performes any thing primarily, and by its selfe, or by accident.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Instru∣ments of Physick.
• * 1.2

  Medicine what is it.
• * 1.3

  Medicines how many∣fold. Simple Compound
• * 1.4

  Simple how many fold. Plants.
• * 1.5

  Living Creatures.
• * 1.6

  Mineralls.
• * 1.7

  The diffe∣rence of Medicines Actuall.
• * 1.8

  Potentiall.
• * 1.9

  Facultiei of Medi∣cines mani∣fest.
• * 1.10

  Occult
• * 1.11

  The first the second.
• * 1.12

  The third kind of qualities.
• * 1.13

  The kinds of faculties in Medi∣cines.
• * 1.14

  Altering temperate.
• * 1.15

  Intempe∣rate.
• * 1.16

  Degrees of qualities.
• * 1.17

  Mansions of degrees.
• * 1.18

  Temperate Medi∣cines.
• * 1.19

  Hot in the first.
• * 1.20

  Hot in the second.
• * 1.21

  Hot in the third.
• * 1.22

  Hot in the fourth.
• * 1.23

  Cold in the first.
• * 1.24

  Cold in the second.
• * 1.25

  Cold in the third.
• * 1.26

  Cold in the fourth.
• * 1.27

  Moist in the first.
• * 1.28

  In the se∣cond.
• * 1.29

  Dry in the first.
• * 1.30

  In the se∣cond.
• * 1.31

  in the third.
• * 1.32

  In the fourth.
• * 1.33

  Medicines proper to every part.
• * 1.34

  For the head heat∣ing and drying.
• * 1.35

  Cooling it.
• * 1.36

  Heating the Spleen.
• * 1.37

  Cooling the Spleen.
• * 1.38

  Heating. the Reins. and Blad∣der.
• * 1.39

  Cooling the Reines.
• * 1.40

  Heating the Womb.
• * 1.41

  Cooling the Womb.
• * 1.42

  Of clean∣sing and preparing.
• * 1.43

  Cholers.
• * 1.44

  Phlegme.
• * 1.45

  Melanchol∣ly and black chol∣ler.
• * 1.46

  Emolli∣ents.
• * 1.47

  Things hardning. Loosening.
• * 1.48

  Condense∣ing.
• * 1.49

  Binding and Stop∣ping con∣densing.
• * 1.50

  Rarifying.
• * 1.51

  Opening the mouths of Vessels.
• * 1.52

  A hema∣ting and
• * 1.53

  Opening.
• * 1.54

  Iucrassa∣ting.
• * 1.55

  Playster-like things.
• * 1.56

  Detergent things and such as o∣pen ob∣structions.
• * 1.57

  Anodunes.
• * 1.58

  Stupe∣factives.
• * 1.59

  Things drawing.
• * 1.60

  Repelling.
• * 1.61

  Ripening and con∣cocting of quitture.
• * 1.62

  Generat∣ting flesh.
• * 1.63

  For wounds. Genera∣ting hard flesh.
• * 1.64

  Genera∣ting milke.
• * 1.65

  Generating seed.
• * 1.66

  Making red the skin.
• * 1.67

  Vescicato∣vies.
• * 1.68

  Burning the skin.
• * 1.69

  Causticks.
• * 1.70

  Of corro∣ding Medi∣cines.
• * 1.71

  Things putrifying.
• * 1.72

  Taking a∣way of haire.
• * 1.73

  Consuming of milke.
• * 1.74

  E••tingui∣shing the of seed.
• * 1.75

  Purging.
• * 1.76

  Lenitives.
• * 1.77

  Things purging.
• * 1.78

  More mild.
• * 1.79

  Stronger.
• * 1.80

  Manna.
• * 1.81

  Cassia.
• * 1.82

  Tama∣rinds.
• * 1.83

  Juice of Roses.
• * 1.84

  Violets.
• * 1.85

  Peach Tree flow∣ers.
• * 1.86

  Citron Mi∣robolanes.
• * 1.87

  Rhubarb.
• * 1.88

  Turpen∣tine.
• * 1.89

  Aloes.
• * 1.90

  Fleawort.
• * 1.91

  Scamony.
• * 1.92

  Asarabec∣ca.
• * 1.93

  Mirobo∣lanes Che∣bula. Emblica. Bellirick.
• * 1.94

  Agarick.
• * 1.95

  Mecoacan.
• * 1.96

  Turbith.
• * 1.97

  Seeed of Cartha∣mus.
• * 1.98

  Coloquin∣tida.
• * 1.99

  Hermo∣dactiles.
• * 1.100

  Euphorbi∣um.
• * 1.101

  Opopanax.
• * 1.102

  Sagape∣num.
• * 1.103

  Indian. Mirobo∣lanes.
• * 1.104

  Polipodie.
• * 1.105

  Epithy∣mum.
• * 1.106

  Sena.
• * 1.107

  Lapis Ar∣menius
• * 1.108

  Lapis La∣suli.
• * 1.109

  Black Hel∣lebore.
• * 1.110

  Root of O∣rice.
• * 1.111

  Hedge Hy∣sop.
• * 1.112

  Elaterium.
• * 1.113

  Spurge.
• * 1.114

  Mezere∣um.
• * 1.115

  Elder. Dwarfe.
• * 1.116

  Soldanel∣la.
• * 1.117

  Gummi∣gote.
• * 1.118

  Ialap.
• * 1.119

  Things causing vomits.
• * 1.120

  The most gentle.
• * 1.121

  The mid∣dle sort.
• * 1.122

  The strong∣est.
• * 1.123

  Diureticks.
• * 1.124

  Provoking sweat.
• * 1.125

  Dissolving.
• * 1.126

  Discussing of wind.
• * 1.127

  Eringing downe courses.
• * 1.128

  Expelling Secondines and a dead child.
• * 1.129

  Breaking the stone.
• * 1.130

  Errhines.
• * 1.131

  Sternuta∣rories.
• * 1.132

  Apophleg∣matismes.
• * 1.133

  Expectora∣ting things.
• * 1.134

  Killing wormes.
• * 1.135

  Drugs good against Poyson.
• * 1.136

  Common Antidotes.
• * 1.137

  Proper.
• * 1.138

  How the vertues of Medicines may be found out:
• * 1.139

  Manner of experi∣ments.