Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures.

SECT. I. Of the Differences of Symp∣tomes.

CHAP. I. What a Symptome is.

THE name of Symptome, * 1.1 although sometimes it be taken generally for every thing which befals the body contrary to nature; so that both Diseases, and causes of Diseases are comprehended under the notion of Symp∣tomes. Yet Physitians take not this name so generally; But by Symptome understand something different from a Dis∣ease, and a cause of a Disease,; and so a Symptome is an affect, or accident contrary to nature in those things which are necessa∣ry to perform natural actions, without the constitution of the parts, some other thing contrary to nature following: * 1.2 or 'tis an accident different from natural, and changing the natural con∣stitution

of the body, which to perform natural actions, is no necessary; whether the action it selfe be hindered, or some acci∣dent contrary to nature in the humours and excrements, or e∣ven in the living parts, so that it hinder not their actions; for a Symptome may consist even in the living parts. For example heat caused by a Bath, or exercise, so that there be not any effect which can hinder action.

CHAP. II. Of the causes and differences of Symptomes in general.

SO that in respect of the causes, * 1.3 a Symptome is properly divi∣ded into a Symptome of a Disease, a Symptome of a Cause, and a Symptome of a Symptome; for they labour in vain•• who endeavour to draw all Symptomes from Diseases.

A Symptome of a Disease is that which immediately fol∣lows a Disease, * 1.4 no other affect contrary to nature comming be∣tween, as when an ill concoction follows a distemper of the sto∣mach, which is called in Greek Cylosis. A Symptome of a cause is when the action is hurt, although the faculty, and its organ be well; the faculty being hindered by an external fault, as when the Liver, though sound, cannot sanguifie, by reason of vitious chyle; * 1.5 they trouble themselves exceedingly here, who endea∣vour to deduce every Symptome from a Disease, and actions hindred, which happen without a Disease, no way worthy the name of a Symptome, but think them worthy to be called certain natural differences, or imbecilities, since that they are accoun∣ted to perform nothing beyond their own strength: but they plainly erre in the matter, for that any work: may be perfected, not onely the agent, and that rightly disposed, but also the pa∣tient which receives the operation of the agent, is required: For as in voluntary actions; as for example, in gesture, or lifting of a weight, the businesse is in the free will of man, but that some work may be performed in the body; as for example, Sangui∣fication, Nourishment. It is necessary that the patient be joyn∣ed and coupled with the agent, but since the action of him that moves, and the patient moveable is but one motion, and dif∣fer onely in reason, as Aristotle teacheth, in the second Book of his natural Philosophy, Chap. 3. Title 23. Diservedly there∣fore in natural actions, when that is not performed which ought to be, especially in natural concoctions, all that which either is hurt, or frustrated, is deservedly called a Symptome, whether it be done by reason of the agent, or of the patient; for although,

in respect of the agent, it be impotent. Yet some fault doth happen by reason of the patient; and therefore it is the office of a Physitian if he will govern a mans body aright, to govern as well the patient, as agent in such actions.

A Symptome of a Symptome is that which follows another preceding Symptome, * 1.6 no other affect contrary to nature com∣ming between.

Moreover there is a common division of Symptomes into an action hurt, errours of excretion, and retention, and qualities changed, namely such as doe not hinder the actions of our bodies.

Actions hurt are of two kinds, * 1.7 the one is so called when the faculty is hurt; The other by reason of some external fault, as is said.

When the faculty is hurt, the action is said to be hurt; * 1.8 since the agent is not right, or since the instrument (for the faculties of the mind cannot be hurt) is affected contrary to nature. That the natural constitution of the part, which is the next instru∣ment of the faculty is vitiated, which being spoyled, the mind cannot perform its actions. Again, some divide the faculty hurt into the faculty hurt alone by its selfe, and into certain actions hindred. The faculty hurt by it selfe they say is, when the next instrument which it useth, in performing whereof that action is ill affected: as for example, when the Bladder doth not expel Urine, by reason that the Fibers which are used in expelling, are ill disposed. Again, to the good constitution of the instrument is required not only as abovesaid, constitution of the part, as it is mixed, temperatenesse, and innate heat, but spirits, and influent heat, which being deficient, the faculty cannot rightly perform its actions, as most plainly appears in the senses. But they then say the faculty is hindered, when the next instrument of the fa∣culty is well, yet the faculty is hindered in its action, by some Organick Disease; as when the expulsive faculty in the Bla••∣der will not send forth Urine, though it be well, by reason of ob∣structions of the Uriters, occasioned by the Stone.

On the other side, if the agent and instrument are in all re∣spects sound, and they be well constituted; * 1.9 yet neverthelesse for some other cause, which is without the constitution of the part, the faculty is frustrated in acting, and is hindred that it cannot perform its action. The action is said to be hindered by some external error.

To external error first belongs the patient or object, betwixt which and the agent, there ought to be a proportion; for if

the patient be not fit to receive the operation of the agent, a perfect action is not brought forth. Hitherto belong all these things by which actions are performed, or without which they cannot be performed, as time, place, and order in some, and moreover the use and necessity of actions.

The other two kinds of Symptomes, * 1.10 to wit, the fault of ex∣cretion and retention, and the qualities changed by hurting of the natural actions, depends on them, and the humours procee∣ding from them; for from evil concoction proceeds ill excre∣ments: and hence also the qualities of the body are changed; for such as the humours are in the body, such colours, smells, tasts, and such like qualities the body sends forth.

CHAP. III. Of the differences in general of actions hindered.

MOreover of actions hindered, * 1.11 there are accounted common∣ly three differences; namely, actions abolished, dimini∣shed and depraved; an action is said to be Abolished when it ceaseth: to be lessened when nature acts weakly, and imperfectly, and performes its actions either in longer time then is fit, or else never acquires that perfection which it ought, or if there be any other manner whereby it may deviate from its perfection; but an action is said to be depraved as often as it is performed otherwise then it ought to be, and erroneously.

But not undeservedly ought we to adde to these; * 1.12 Action en∣creased, which is performed more strongly and violently, then ought to be in its kind; such are too much watchings, strong breathings, and pulsations, much hunger and thirst, and other such like, which exceed mediocrity.

CHAP. IV. Of the Symptomes of the Natural faculty.

BUt that we may handle the kinds of Symptomes severally, * 1.13 first the Symptomes of the natural faculty respect nutriti∣on, augmentation, or generation; which again have their servants, attraction, retention, concoction, and evacuation, and indeed every action is abolished, or weakned, or made worse, or encreased. Whence arise great variety of the Symptomes of the natural faculty,

First, * 1.14 for what belongs to the action abolished, which they call the third; nutrition is taken away to our senses, or rather

it is diminished in an A trophy, when it will not nourish well, * 1.15 and in leanness either of the whole body, or some parts thereof, but the nutriment is depraved in a Cachexy, or ill habit of the body, Itch, Scabs, Leprosie, and such like affects thereof. * 1.16

Those Symptomes which happen in the first & publike conco∣ction, which is in the Stomach, are first appetite, and truely first when the appetite is dejected,; when a man desires not meat, whereunto belongs also daily abstinence from meat. Secondly, appetite is lessened. Thirdly, encreased, as in a Boulomia, or insatiable desire to meat. Fourthly, Depraved, as in a Mala∣lachia.

As the desire of Meat, so desire of Drink is either encrea∣sed, diminished, depraved, or abolished.

Secondly, the Symptomes of swallowing are, when it is taken away, as when a man can swallow nothing; or 'tis lessened, when one swalloweth with difficulty; or depraved, when we swallow with panting, trembling, twitching.

Thirdly, the fault of the retentive faculty, is when the Sto∣mach cannot retain meat as it ought, or cannot retain it at all, or not long enough, when occasion requires; or offends in all these: the Stomach doth not rightly retain meat, when it em∣braceth it, with panting, or with twitching, or with trembling, or shaking. If meat be not retained, or not long enough retar∣ned, it turneth into corruption, or is distributed with uncon∣cocted meat, or ejected by ordure, as in a Lyentary. If the embracing of the meat be weak, swimmings, or flatulencies are occasioned.

Fourthly, the errors of concoction in the Stomach, * 1.17 or the er∣rors of the Chyle are Crudity, slow, or dull concoction, or cor∣ruption of the meat.

Lastly, the Symptomes of expulsion are Hiccock, mutation in the uppermost parts of the Stomach, whereby it strives to put and cast out that which is offensive, and sticks in the orifice thereof.

Disposition to vomit, or loathing, or abhorring of meates is a depraved mutation in the Stomach, when it is streightned in the lower part of it, and dilated in the upper, and stirs to cast forth upwards what offends it, but cannot cast it forth.

Vomiting is a depraved motion in the Stomach, * 1.18 whereby the things which are contained in the Ventricle of the Stomach are cast out at the mouth of it.

Choller is a depraved motion in the Stomack, * 1.19 whereby the peccant matter is evacuated by both Orifices.

Belching is an excression of Wind from the Stomach out of the Mouth, * 1.20 with noise.

To the expulsion which is made by this concoction; those vitious Symptomes belong which happen to the guts. * 1.21 Alienta∣ry, which is a flux of the panch contrary to nature, whereby meat and drink is cast out unchanged.

A Caeliack affect, * 1.22 which also is a Flux of the Belly, is, when Crude and unconcocted Chyle is ejected.

A Diarhaea, is a plentiful and often emission of excrementiti∣cus humours by the panch.

A Dysentary is an avoiding of the excrements of the Belly con∣trary to nature, * 1.23 wherein the biting matter is cast forth with blood, twitching and pinching of the Guts.

A Tenesme, * 1.24 which is an immoderate and continual desire, yet in vain, of going to stool, where nothing is ejected from the body, but a little slimy matter and blood.

The contrary fault is the suppression of the panch when it is dull, * 1.25 and putteth forth nothing in a long time.

To these belong the Illiak, which is, when the dung, which ought to be ejected by the panch, that being closed, 'tis cast out of the mouth with the meat.

For the other publike concoction, * 1.26 which is made in the Li∣ver, Sanguification is either abolished, when for the most part there is no change of the Chyle, and in stead of good blood, se∣rous, and Petuitous is generated, or else it is diminished, when halfe raw blood is elaborated; or it is depraved, when hot and a∣dust blood is generated.

The Symptomes which belong to the evacuation of the ex∣crements of the second concoction, * 1.27 are an Iscury, or suppression of Urine, or stopping of Water, or a Dusury, or difficulty in ma∣king Water, a Strangury, or dropping of Urine, when it comes away drop by drop, and that there is a continual irritation to expel Urine.

Incontinence of Urine, is when it goeth from us against our wills; Diabetes, or plentiful making Water, is when whatsoe∣ver is drunk cometh away by Urine, not changed at all, or alter∣ed very little.

Hitherto belong the Symptomes which belong to the genera∣tion of milk, when too much, or none, or not enough is gene∣rated, or it proves scurvey, and is coagulated and curd∣led.

Hitherto we refer the Symptomes, * 1.28 which belong to the other concoctions, as the running of the Reins, suppressions of

Courses, diminishing, dropping, flowing in too great plenty, the Flux of the Womb.

Increasing is hindered, when either the whole body, * 1.29 or some part is not encreased enough, and ceaseth to encrease before it comes to its just magnitude, or it encreaseth too much, and grows to too great a bigness.

Lastly, there are some hurts of the generative faculty, * 1.30 for ge∣neration is either taken away when no Children are generated, or diminished when few and weak ones are begotten, or depraved when Monsters, or a Cripple, or any way an imperfect thing is begotten: and because to the generation of mankind, there is re∣quired male and female joyned; hitherto belongs impotency in men, extinction of lust in women, barrennesse and other Symptomes of this kind.

CHAP. V. Of the Symptomes of the vital faculty.

FOr the Symptomes of the vital faculty there is a palpitation of the heart (a Lypothymy, * 1.31 or an absence of Spirits for a short time) or an Aphyxy, or no Pulse. Palpitation of the heart is when there is a depraved motion of it, swifter then it ought to be, when the heart leaps and strives to fly from that which troubles it.

A Lypothymy, * 1.32 or want of vital spirits is when the Pulse beats swift on a sudden, and then ceaseth to beat at all, or is suddenly taken away with a small, slow and weak Pulse, to which some add an Eclusie, or absense of the vital soule.

A Syncope again is a motion depraved, * 1.33 when the Pulse is much lesser, slower, and weaker then a Lypothymy.

An Asphuxy is a total absence, as it were, of the Pulse, and the highest degree of swooning, and neerest to death: of the other preternatural differences of Pulses we will speak in another place.

Respiration, which is caused by the heart, * 1.34 either is wholly ta∣ken away, Which Symptome the Greeks call Apnoia, or is de∣praved, which they call Dyspnoia; besides these, the respiration is either too great, or too small; too often, or too seldome; too swift, or too slow; equal, or unequal. And lasty, of swift and slow breathings, there are some differences, according to more and lesse; for the first degree is a Dusopme, the second is an Asthma, the third is an Orthopnie, when the sick are forced to fit upright to breath.

Of the Symptomes of the external senses.

FOr as much as belongs to the external senses, * 1.35 first of the sight, that either is wholly lost, as in blindness, & the Disease called Amagrosis, or it is diminished in the disease, which is called Ambluopia and dimnesse of sight, or Muopia which is to see as Mice do; that is, to discern objects which are neer us, and seeming lesse to us then they are. * 1.36 Nutolopea is when any one sees well by day, but very bad in the evening and not by night, or the sight is depraved. When these things which are white seem red, or yellow, those things which are strait, crooked, those things which are whole, seem halfe, and perforated, those things which are single, double; when Cobwebs appear before the eyes, and Flyes, and Gnats, when shinings and glistnings appear, which the Greeks call Marmarugase.

The hearing is either taken away, * 1.37 which disease is called Deaf∣ness, when the diseased can neither hear a great nor smal sound, or it is diminished when loud sounds are heard, but with diffi∣culty, small sounds not at all; which disease is called hardnesse of hearing; the Greek name Barucoia, Ducecoia, Hypocopho∣sis; or it is depraved when there is a hiding in the ears, which disease the Greeks call Ecos and Sorigmos, i. c. a hiding, a whist∣ling, a hissing.

The smel is hurt when it is abolished, * 1.38 diminished, or depraved; when things seem to stink, have in them no ill smell.

Moreover the taste is either plainly taken away, or else dimi∣nished or depraved, * 1.39 when a thing seems to taste otherwise then it doth.

The touch is either wholly lost and can feel nothing, or is di∣minished, * 1.40 which is called Numness, or 'tis depraved, as in pain, or itching, hitherto also belongs want of sense in the teeth.

CHAP. VII. Of the Symptomes of the Internal senses.

THe Symptomes of the Internal senses are watchings and slee∣pings, when either of them are contrary to nature; * 1.41 as like∣wise dreams; the error in watchings are when men either sleep not at all for a long time, or if they do, they sleep too little.

Sleep is opposite to watching, if it be too much, which comes to passe when it is natural, but not absolutely such; but lon∣ger either from the repletion of the head by vapours, and exhala∣tions, as in drunkenness, or by the consuming of the heat and spirits through too much labour.

But preternatural sleep is such as doth proceed from a morbi∣fique cause, which is a Cataphora, or a Co••na, that is, a dimi∣nution of the action of the common sense, which, as it were, a wreathing, neither suffers the Animal Spirits to be diffused into the external senses; nor being entertained by them, doth know, and judge aright of other objects. A Coma is two-fold, * 1.42 somnolent and vigilant; somnolent is that which is oftentimes called an absolute Coma; with which disease those that are affe∣cted, the eyes being shut, do sleep sound and too much: but a vigil is when the sick have a propensity to sleep, yet nevertheless they cannot; but onely shutting their eyes and winking, they are possessed with too great a desire of sleep.

In sleep there oftentimes happens dreams, wherein the action of the phantasie doth concur; * 1.43 for dreames are nothing else but the deliriums of the brains of sleepers, although dreams happen to those which are well, yet contrary to cu••••ome, they often remain longer, and during the whole night, or are terrible, and trouble the mind exceedingly, and bring great anxiety in sleep, and wearisomness when one is awake.

To these kind of Symptomes belongs an extasie, * 1.44 and that na∣tural, which is nothing else but a heavy sleep, with heavy dreams, and hence sometimes cometh a delirium therewith.

As also the affects of Sleep-walkers, who whilest they sleep, * 1.45 arise out of their beds, walk, and perform certain works, as w••∣king people do, at that time when they ought to rest; yet if the imagination be together offended, these Symptomes may be re∣ferred to that rank wherein many internal senses are hurt.

As for what belongs to the offending of the rest of the Inter∣nal senses, * 1.46 sometimes one of them is offended, sometimes ma∣ny together; for the most part the Phantasie and Ratiocination are offended together, yet not alwayes; for although the un∣derstanding be busied about Phantasms, yet the understanding acting, illustrates the Phantasms, and frees them from their sup∣posed matter, and runs from one thing to another, and is busied about the Idea's retained by the memory, by which the errour of the Phantasie may often be known, sometimes also the memory is together offended; yet sometimes remains safe from the errors of the phantasie, and the reasonable faculty.

But those actions are either abolished, * 1.47 or diminished, or depra∣ved; neverthelesse the memory whose office it is not to judge, but only to receive representations, may be so much debilitated and a∣bolished, namely when it does not receive, and retain those things which it ought, or it receives nothing, and retains nothing, and so a man forgets all things: it cannot be depraved, but if sometimes it receives and retains false objects that is not to be ascribed to it, but to that faculty which discovers absurd and false representations, the memory seems then to be depraved to some, when it doth not render things in that order which it re∣ceived them, but errs in order; but this seems to happen onely by reason of the weaknesse of the memory.

The principal actions are abolished and diminished in the imbecility and dulnesse of the mind, * 1.48 slownesse of the Wit, stupi∣dity, when a man hath a certain knowledge of the chief things, and draws some conclusions from them, but with great la∣bour.

The greatest fault, and the greatest hurt of the Phantasie, and Ratiocination, yet without delirium, is fatuity.

But when a man is so destitute of all ingenuity, and the phanta∣sie and Ratiocination are so hurt that they can neither know the first principles, and can beget no conceits, it is called foolishnesse, and madnesse; especially if the action depraved concurre, and a man judgeth not only a little but false.

But the imagination and reasonable faculty is depraved in deliriums, * 1.49 whereof there are several kinds; for a deliri um is either with a Fever, or without a Fever; with or without a Fe∣ver, * 1.50 is either simple, viz. A moderate delirium, and without madnesse stirred up by hot vapours in a Fever, or by watching, or drinking too much Wine, which the Greeks call Paraphrosune, or Paraphrora.

A Frenzy is with a Fever, which is a continued delirium,

arising from the inflammation of the Brain and its Mem∣branes.

But a delirium without a Fever is Melancholy, and madnesse; Melancholy is a Delirium without a Fever, with sorrow and sadness, as it is commonly defined; or a failing of the Phantasie and reasonable Faculty about one certain thing: and indeed the Phantasie is principally offended, but the reasonable Faculty not alwayes nor in all, but the memory for the most part is safe.

To melancholy Deliriums also is referred Mad Love, wherein concur various passions, * 1.51 now they conceive joy with hope of ob∣taining the thing beloved; where they do many things, and speak beyond decency, and now sorrow and anger when they despaire of obtaining the thing beloved.

Madnesse is a delirium without a Fever, with Fury, Fear, * 1.52 Au∣dacity, Anger, Quarrels, and Ferosity.

To madnesse are referred Wolf-madnesse, Dog-madnesse, Bad∣ger-madnesse, fear of Water, viz. a Disease wherein if one be bitten with a Dog, a Wolfe, a Badger, or any other ravenous A∣nimal, he becomes altogether averse to all liquid and potulent drinks, although as for other things, they do not shun them; also those that are bitten by a Tarantula, leap and dance, and a Corea or company of S. Viti, which is a kind of delirium and madness, with which those that are affected strive to dance night and day.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Symptomes of the motive Faculty.

ANimal motion is either abolished, diminished, * 1.53 or depra∣ved; motion is abolished, not onely in the Palsey, which is impotency of motion, wherein the next instruments of motion are relaxed, and ceased from their action, and are not contracted, but cannot be moved by reason of putting out of joynt, fractures of bones, wounds of the muscles, * 1.54 drynesse and induration of the parts serving for motion. It is diminished in the green sickness, or in lazinesse when the motion is become weak.

It is depraved in trembling, which the Greeks cal Tremos, * 1.55 wher∣in the part cannot move freely, but is now elevated, and anon depressed: for although in respect of the motive faculty, trembling is onely imbecility of the motive faculty; yet because the mo∣tive

faculty doth not wholly faile, but the member which contra∣ry to the dictate of the will is depressed by its own weight, it en∣deavours in some measure to elevate it selfe; here is made a de∣praved motion, where in the smallest intervals of time the mem∣ber is lifted up, and depressed in a continual course.

As also in the Convulsion, * 1.56 which is a preter-natural contra∣ction of a Muscle, towards its beginning, contrary to the will; and a violent stretching out of the part, into which a Tendon is inserted. A Convulsion is either Universal or Particular, U∣niversal is three-fold, Emprosthotonos, i. e. when the Neck and the rest of the Body is bowed forward, so that the diseased can∣not set himselfe upright. Opisthotonos, when the body is bent backward. Tetanos, when the body is so stiff that it cannot bend any way. A particular Convulsion in regard of several particular parts, hath divers names, Aspasmos Cynicus, a Con∣vulsion of the Muscles of the Mouth. Trismos, a Convulsion of the Muscles of the Jaws, with grating and grinding of the Teeth. Strabismes, a Convulsion of the Muscles of the Eye.

To these belong Convulsive Motions, * 1.57 wherein is made a Contraction of the Muscle towards his beginning, but conti∣nues not in one difference of Location; but it happens with va∣rious concussions and agitations of the Member, as in an Epe∣lepsie.

Sometimes also a Palsie and a Spasme are complicate, * 1.58 so that by changes and turnes they afflict, and so the part is sometimes con∣tracted, and sometimes dilated.

Hitherto is to be referred the error of the voice, which either is abolished, as in Aphonia, or dumbnesse, or diminished, as in an inward and obscure, or small and low voice, or it is depraved, being broken in a shrill, sharp, hoarse, or trembling voice.

The speech also is hurt, * 1.59 which is either taken away, as in those which are called mute, or else it is difficult, as in those who pronounce certain Letters, especially R, with great difficul∣ty; or it is depraved, as in those who in speaking now stop, and anon precipitate their speech, which evil, the Greeks call Trau∣lates and Psellotes, the English, Stammering.

Amongst these errors of Motion, those Symptomes are to be reckoned wherein the natural expulsive Motion, being stimula∣ted by a preternatural cause, ariseth up to expel; it cannot per∣form motion without the help of the animal vertue, and Organ, such as are a cough, sneezing, yawning, quaking, stretching.

A Cough is a depraved motion, * 1.60 and vehement efflation occa∣sioned

from the sudden constriction of the Lungs, and Brest, whereby that may be expelled, which was troublesome, and be sent forth by the instruments of breathing.

Sneezing is a motion of the Muscles, primarily of the Brain, * 1.61 secondarily of the Brest, and inferiour Muscles, whereby that may be expelled, which is troublesome to the Brain.

Yawning, or Gaping, * 1.62 is that motion whereby nature endea∣vours to expel the flatuous vapours by breathing them out of the mouth.

Stretching is a distention of the members in the whole Body, * 1.63 discussing the vapours in them.

Shaking fits, that is a concussion of the skin of the whole body, * 1.64 to shake off some troublesome thing.

Cold fits, that is a shaking of the whole body, * 1.65 to put off that which offends it.

CHAP. IX. Of the Symptomes wherein all, or most part of the animal actions are hurt.

BUt sometimes it happens that either all, or most of the ani∣mal functions are offended together: amongst these Symp∣tomes, a Vertigo is the first, the Greek Dinos and Iliggos, * 1.66 'tis such a mischief, and depravation of the imagination, some∣times of the common sense, that all things seem to run round in a circle, and for the most part, the motion is so hurt, that a man falls down. Sometimes the external senses are affected likewise, which if it happen at the same time, the eyes are ob∣scured by a fuliginous mist; the Greeks call it Scotoma, and Scotodinos, i. e. a shady disease. Sometimes the hearing is somewhat depraved, or some certain swimming ariseth, or some other senses are affected.

Moreover an Incubus, or a riding of the Mare, [unspec 2] * 1.67 or an hindrance of breathing, and interruption of speech, and hindrance of mo∣tion, as it were, an oppression of the body, with a false dream of a weight lying upon the brest.

A Lethargy, which is a perpetual desire of sleeping, [unspec 3] * 1.68 with a giddinesse of the head, with forgetfulnesse of all things, or it is a continual Delirium, with a weak Fever, heavinesse to sleep, and destruction of memory.

A Carus, which is a profound, or dead sleep, [unspec 4] * 1.69 wherein the sick hear not, and being pricked, scarce perceive it, or a deep sleep

with diminution, or taking away of sense, motion, and imagi∣nation, the breathing being gone.

A Catoch, [unspec 5] * 1.70 or Catolepsis is a Diminution of the principal functions, or external senses, especially of feeling, and volun∣tary motion by abolition; or 'tis a sudden apprehending, where∣by those which are affected being stiff, remain in the same place and gesture of body as they were in when they were taken, and opening, and not moving their eyes, they neither see nor hear, nor perceive; the breath and pulse onely remaining safe.

An Epelepsie is an ablation of the principal actions, [unspec 6] * 1.71 and of sense and voluntary motion, with a preternatural Convulsion, or Convulsive motion of the whole body.

To the Epelepsie also are referred certain Diseases, as it were, smal Epelepsies, wherein the sick are not velified in the whol body, neither do they fall down, but some parts onely are twitched, as either the head is shaken, or the eyes are drawn, or the hands and feet are snatched this way and that way, or the hands are held shut, or the diseased is turned round, or runs up and down, and in the mean time speaks nothing, hears nothing, perceives nothing.

Lastly, * 1.72 an Apoplexy, which is an abolition of all animal actions, to wit, of motion and sense, in which the whole body, with the hurt of the principal faculty of the mind, respiration after a sort being safe.

CHAP. X. Of the Symptome of the changeable qualities of the Body.

THe second kind of Symptomes are those which consist in a simple affect of the body, * 1.73 or the qualities of the body changed; namely, when some natural quality of the bo∣dy is changed, by reason of which change, there follows no hurt of the actions; their differences are to be sought out of the number of the external senses.

The visible qualities changed are colours contrary to na∣ture, * 1.74 either in the whole body, as in the yellow Jaundice, or in a Cachochimy, or ill habit of the body, or in some part, as in the Face, Tongue, an inflammation, black Teeth, yellow Nailes, and such like.

Smells contrary to nature are changed, * 1.75 when a man breaths

forth an ill smell, either out of the whole body, or from some part, as the Mouth, Nose, hollow of the Arm-pits, or soals of the Feet.

Tasts or Savours are changed when the spittle, * 1.76 or any thing else which swims in the Mouth is spit out, and gives a sharp, salt, bitter, or other taste; but since these qualities are not the parts of the Body, but Excrements; they may be more fitly referred to the third kind of Symptomes.

To the fourth belong Tactil qualities onely, * 1.77 as they are con∣trary to nature, and troublesome, but do not hinder actions, as Heat, Cold, Softnesse, Hardnesse. Hoarsenesse.

To Hearing may be referred, sounds, warbling, crackling, grinding of Teeth, and such like, which are perceived by hea∣ring.

Lastly, hitherto are to be referred common sensible things, as Figure, Magnitude; if they are preternatural, and all those things which are spoken of in the Hypocratical Face, and are described in his First Booke of Progno∣sticks.

CHAP. XI. Of the Symptomes of Excretions and Retentions.

THe third sort of Symptomes comprehend the errors of those things which we ought to be cast out of the body, * 1.78 or use to be retained in it, contrary to nature; in which kind of Symptomes regard is not to be had to the excression it selfe, or action of casting forth, whose faults are the Symp∣tomes of actions hurt, but onely to the matter which is cast out, which as it recedes from the natural state, constitutes this or that sort of Symptomes.

Retentions and Excretions offend either in the whole sub∣stance, or in quality, or in quantity. First, * 1.79 in the whole sub∣stance they offend, which ought never to be found in the whole body, in the stead of an Excrement; such are Stones, and di∣vers sorts of Wormes, little Hairs, and such like. Secondly, those which in their whole substance are not contrary to nature, but are cast forth in this or that manner, or place, contrary to nature; such are the Courses out of the Nose, Eys, or Teats, the Ordure by the Mouth. Thirdly, those things which are plainly na∣tural, yet ought rather to be retained then evacuated, as too much profusion of blood by the Mouth, Panch, Nose, Bladder,

Pores of the Skin, which happens in a bloody swear. To these belongs particular ejections out of the Lungs, and other parts. In quality they offend many wayes, in heat and cold, moisture and drinesse; In colour, smell, and taste, in quantity, excreti∣ons offend, when either more or lesse then ought to be are cast forth, which often happen in the dregs of the Panch, Urine, and Courses.

The end of the third Part and first Section; of the second Book.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The word Symptome.
• * 1.2

  Its defini∣tion.
• * 1.3

  Its divisi∣on.
• * 1.4

  A Symp∣tome of a Disease. A Symp∣tome of a Cause.
• * 1.5

  Whether hurt by ex∣ternal meanes be Symptomes
• * 1.6

  A Symp∣tome of a Symptome. A division of Symp∣tomes.
• * 1.7

  Manner of actions hurt.
• * 1.8

  How many ways are actions hart when the facul∣ty is hurt.
• * 1.9

  Through some exter∣nal error.
• * 1.10

  The cause of excreti∣ons, and retentions, and of qua∣lities chan∣ged.
• * 1.11

  The diffe∣rences of actions. Abolished. Diminish∣ed. Depraved.
• * 1.12

  Increased.
• * 1.13

  The diffe∣rences of Symptomes of natural faculty.
• * 1.14

  Nutrition taken a∣way.
• * 1.15

  Depraved.
• * 1.16

  Symp∣tomes of concoction of the Sto∣mach. The appe∣tite en∣creased and depraved. Thirst. Symp∣tomes of swal∣lowing. Symp∣tomes of retention.
• * 1.17

  The errors of conco∣ction. Symptomes of expulsi∣on. The Hic∣cock. Loathing.
• * 1.18

  Vomiting.
• * 1.19

  Choller.
• * 1.20

  Belching.
• * 1.21

  Alientary.
• * 1.22

  A Caeliak affect. A Diarhaea.
• * 1.23

  A Dysen∣tary.
• * 1.24

  A Tenes∣mus.
• * 1.25

  A slow panch and shut. An Illiak.
• * 1.26

  Symptomes of Sangui∣fication.
• * 1.27

  Symptomes about ma∣king Wa∣ter. Iscury. Dusury. A Stran∣gury. Inconti∣nency of Urin. Diabetes. Bad milk.
• * 1.28

  Gonorhaea. Flux of Months.
• * 1.29

  Symptomes of encrea∣sing.
• * 1.30

  Symptomes of genera∣tion.
• * 1.31

  Palpitati∣on of heart
• * 1.32

  A Lypo∣thymy.
• * 1.33

  A swoon∣ing. Absence of Pulse.
• * 1.34

  Respirati∣on hurt. Taken a∣way. Depraved. Shortbrea∣thing. Shorter. Shortest.
• * 1.35

  Symptomes of sight:
• * 1.36

  Deprava∣tion of sight.
• * 1.37

  Symptomes of hearing.
• * 1.38

  Symptomes of smelling
• * 1.39

  Of tast∣ing.
• * 1.40

  Of feeling
• * 1.41

  Symptomes of the com∣mon sense. Too much watching. Too much sleep.
• * 1.42

  Coma two-fold. Somnolent Vigilant.
• * 1.43

  Dreams.
• * 1.44

  An Exta∣sie.
• * 1.45

  Sleep-wal∣kers.
• * 1.46

  Whether the Phan∣tafie, and reasonable faculty be always hurt toge∣ther.
• * 1.47

  The Me∣mory abo∣lished and diminish∣ed.
• * 1.48

  The Phan∣tasie, and rational faculty di∣minished and abo∣lished. Folly. Foolish∣nesse. Madness.
• * 1.49

  A Deliri∣um.
• * 1.50

  Melancho∣ly.
• * 1.51

  Mad love.
• * 1.52

  Madnesse.
• * 1.53

  Symptomes about mo∣tion. Palsie.
• * 1.54

  Lassitude.
• * 1.55

  Trembling
• * 1.56

  Kinds of Convulsion fits.
• * 1.57

  Convulsive motions.
• * 1.58

  A Palsie. Cramp. Complicate Voice hurt.
• * 1.59

  Hurt of speech.
• * 1.60

  A Cough.
• * 1.61

  Sneezing.
• * 1.62

  Yawning.
• * 1.63

  Stretching
• * 1.64

  Horror.
• * 1.65

  Cold fits.
• * 1.66

  A Vertigo.
• * 1.67

  An Incu∣bus.
• * 1.68

  A Lethar∣gy.
• * 1.69

  A Carus.
• * 1.70

  A Catoch.
• * 1.71

  An Epe∣lepsie. An imper∣fect Epe∣lepsie.
• * 1.72

  An Apo∣plexie.
• * 1.73

  The diffe∣rence of qualities changed.
• * 1.74

  Colours changed.
• * 1.75

  Smells changed.
• * 1.76

  Taste changed.
• * 1.77

  Change of Tactil qu••∣lities.
• * 1.78

  Errors of Emission and Reten∣tion.
• * 1.79

  Excression and Reten∣tion offend in sub∣stance.