The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant.

CHAP. CCLXII. Of Measures used in England.

* 1.1HAving now done with the Weights of England, whereby all Merchandise of Weight is weighed, I come now to those Measures that are in use through the Kingdom of England, which are three; * 1.2the first is the Yard, the common measure of all woollen Cloth, Stuffs, Silks, and such like, which is composed of three foot, every foot being 12 inches, and every inch 3 B•…•…ly corns; so that the Yard doth contain 36 inches, and there is in the measure of all Commodi∣ties given in measure an Inch, which doth make the Yard to be 37 Inches, when compoted with the measure of other Countries.

* 1.3The second is an Ell, wherewith all Linens are measured, and it containeth 44⅔ inches, or 45 inches by the Rule, and herewith is allowed an inch, for measure by the custom of the Country.

* 1.4The third is a Goad, only used in Welch Frizes, Frizadoes, and the like, being the ancient measure of Wales, and as some imagine, of England, before the setling of the Yard-wand, and by the Inch-Rule is found to be (55 inches) at this time.

* 1.5In London there is found a custom both in weighing and measuring of some Commodities not found or practised in any other place, and called beyond Seas, the Courtesies of London; * 1.6the which is first in Commodities weighed by 4 in 104 l. allowed and called Tret, which I have noted before; * 1.7next by 2 l. allowed upon every Draught and Commodity, which exceedeth 336 l. or three hundred Gross, called Cloffe; * 1.8and lastly in the measure of Broad-Cloth by retail in Drapers Shops, allowing to the Buyer a Shaftner upon each yard, in lieu of the inch before specified, which is as much as is in length at the yards end, from the bottom of the wrist to the end of the thumb, which commonly may be about 5 in 6 inches in length, according to the di∣mension of the hand. I have already shewed what agreement some of these measures, espe∣cially the yard hath with the measures of length of many other places: it is requisite I shou'd also here shew how our English Ell is found to respond with other Countries, which I find to be by tho observations of some ingenious Persons thus.

* 1.9Antwerp	166⅔	Ells.
Franckfort	208⅔	Ells.
Dantzick	138⅓	Ells.
Vienna	145	Ells.
Lions	101⅔	Aln.
Paris	95	Aln.
Roan	103	Aln.
Lisbon	100	Vares.
Sevil	135	Vares.
Madera Isles	103 2/7	Braces.
Venice Linnen	180	Braces.
Venice Silk	196	Braces.
Lucques	200	Braces.
Florence	204	Braces.
Millan	230	Braces.
Genoa	480⅚	Pal.
Bruges	164	Ells.
Arras	165	Ells.
Callice	157	Alns.
Norimberg	174	Ells.
Rome	56	Canes.
Colen	208	Ells.
Lisle	166	Ells.
Mastricht	157	Ells.

How true these Observations are, I must refer to trial by experience; and forasmuch as I would not omit any material collection that might add to the perfection of this knowledg, which doth oftentimes so much concern Merchants in their Negotiations; I have here also in∣setted M. Hunt's Table of respondency of other Countries, measures of length to the abovesaid English Ell and Yard.

* 1.10

	M	D
Antwerp	3	5
Arras	23	35
Bruges short	25	41
Castile	20	27
Calice	150	157
Colen	25	52
Franckfort	25	52
Flemish Ells	6	10
French Alns	6	5
Florence	25	47
Gant long	50	77
Gant short	25	41
Genoa	150	721
Lions		1
London yard	4	5
Lisbon and Lisle	50	83
Lucca	5	8
Malins	3	5
Mastricht	100	173
Madera	25	26
Millan	50	57
Norimberg	100	137
Paris	19	20
Roan	100	103
Rome	14	25
Sevil	20	27
Venice long	5	9
Venice short	25	49
Vienna	20	29
Vincentia	100	133

* 1.11The use of the former Table is threefold, first, to know what proportion one of our London Ells will bear unto any of the measures of the aforesaid places, which is thus performed: Look the place in the Table posito Florence, against it you shall find these two numbers, 25. under the title of M. which signifieth Multiplicate, and 47 under the title of D. which signifieth Divi∣ser; divide then the greater by the lesser, viz. 47 by 25. the Quotient is 1, and 22 is the remain∣der, which is Numerator to 25. making the Fraction 〈◊〉〈◊〉, so that our Ell at London is at Florence 1 of their measures, 22/25 parts thereof, and so in the rest.

* 1.12Secondly, it reduceth foreign measures to the London Ell thus; Posito the Question were, How many Ells are there in 387 of the measures of Dantzick? then look Dantzick, against which you shall find two numbers, the first is 20 your Multiplicate, the second 27 your Divisor, the order of the Question then is thus,

〈 math 〉〈 math 〉

Further note ⅔ of 20 Nails of a Yard. 〈 math 〉〈 math 〉

* 1.13Thirdly and lastly, it reduceth Ells of London to any of the aforesaid foreign Measures, po∣sito in 597 Ells of London, how many Lucca Braces do they contain? To do this, look Lucca in the Table, and right against it you have the two numbers of 5 and 8: and note by the way, That in questions of this nature, that you multiply by the second number under D. and divide by the first under M. multiply therefore 597 by 8, and divide by 5, and the Quotient is 955⅓ of the Braces or measures of Lucca. And this shall suffice concerning measures of length, the truth of which Tables I refer to the Inquisition of the Curious.

There is also in use in England divers Measures for several distinct Commodities, which or¦derly I will here observe.

* 1.14First, a Measure whereby land is measured, and this hath some correspondence with all things that are measured by a square proportion in bredth and length, and this done also by the afore-mentioned Yard, which beginning from the least part, and is thus reckoned.

Grains 3	is an Inch.
Inches 12	a Foot.
Foot 3	a Yard.
Feet 3, Inches 9	an Ell.
Yards 5½ is	a Perch.
Perch 1 in breadth	a Farthingdole.
Perch 1 in breadth
Farthingdole 2	is half an Acre.
Farthingdole 4	is an Acre.

Of Furs.

Sables	40 skins the Timber
Martins
Minks
Jenits
Filches
Greys
Cony	100 the Hundred.
Kid
Lamb
Budge
Cat

One Acre contains	Half Acre	2
Roods	4
Rods or Land-yard Perches,	160
Square Yards	4804
Square Foot	43560

One Mile contains	Rod	40
Furlongs	8
Perches	320
Paces	1056
Ells	1408
Yards	1760
Feet	5280
Inches	63360

So that hereby it may be discerned, that a foot being Inches every way, as 12 in length,

and 12 in breadth, making 12 times 12, is 144 inches; and so in the yard, which is •• foot in breadth, and 3 foot in length, which is 9 foot, is 1286 inches, * 1.15and thus is Board, Glass, Pave∣ment, Hangings, Wainscot, and the like commodities measured in England.

* 1.16Next, let us observe dry Measures in themselves; for so far forth as they concur with Weight I have noted before, dry measure is principally for Grains

	Gallons.	Pottl.	Quarts	Pints.
The Gallon is found to be by the Statute of England	1	or 2	or 4	or 8
A Peck is	2	or 4	or 8	or 16
Half a Bushel is	4	or 8	or 16	or 32
A Bushel is	8	or 16	or 32	or 46
A Strike is	16	or 32	or 64	or 128
A Cornock is	32	or 64	or 28	or 256
A Quarter is	64	128	or 256	or 512
A Wey is	384	768	1530	3072
A Last is	640	1280	2560	5128

It is here to be noted, That several Commodities are measured by a several different measure: as for Example, Corn is measured by the Quarter, which contains 8 Bushels, as above is men∣tioned, five Quarters making a Tun lading, and 10 Quarters to a Last, but yet 10¼ or 10½ goes for a Last of Holland; so also in Salt, which is sold by the weight, which is 40 Bushels water mea∣sure of ten Gallons; yet note, That in Plimouth, and in some other Sea Ports of England, they measure by a Bushel alien measure, whereof 24 makes a Tun, and 8 doth make a Quarter; so three Quarters make one Tun, and every Bushel is 18 Gallons, so that a Tun of Salt at Plimouth, is greater than a Weigh of London by 32 Gallons. And note, That as in Salt, so also in Corn, they have 2 measures, the Water-measure, large for Shipboard, and the Land for Shop-measure, the difference in some places, as from 6 to 7, also from 3 to 4, which is to be observed.

* 1.17The next measure observable is liquid measures, which in England are found to vary much, and to be of divers kinds, both in the quantity it self, and in the commodity or liquor, which I will here for method sake collect together thus.

		Gallons.	Potles.	Quart.	Pints.
Of Ale.	Ale the Firkin ought to be	8	or	16	or	32	or	64
Kilderkin of Ale ought to be	16	32	64	128
Barrel of Ale ought to be	32	64	128	256
Of Beer.	Beer the Firkin ought to be	9	or	18	or	36	or	72
Kilderkin of Beer	18	36	72	144
Barrel of Beer	36	72	144	288
Of Wine.	Kilderkin of Wine ought to be	18	or	36	or	72	or	144
Barrel of Wine to be	31	62	124	248
Hogshead of Wine to be	63	126	252	504
A Tertian of Wine	84	168	336	672
Butt or Pipe of Wine	126	252	504	1008
Tun of Wine	252	504	1008	2016
Of Soap.	A Firkin of Soap ought to be	8	or	16	or	32	or	64
A Kilderkin to be	16	32	64	128
A Barrel to be	32	64	128	256
Of Eels and Sal∣mon.	A Firkin of Salmon and Eels to be	10½	21	42	84
A Barrel ought to be	42	84	168	236
A Butt ought to be	84	168	236	572
Of Oyl.	A Tun of Oyl and Hony ought to be	252	504	1008	2016
A Pipe of Oyls to be	126	252	504	1008
A Hogshead to be	63	126	252	504
A Rundlet to be	18½	37	74	148

But note, That the custom of London sometimes is found to disagree with the Statute in the measures of some Commodities, as in Oyls it is observed, that 236 Gallons, which by Merchants is called the Civil Gauge, is sold ordinarily for a Tun, and not 252 Gallons, as above is mon∣tioned.

* 1.18Now forasmuch as Cloth, Tin, Lead, and some other Commodities, are the Staple of the Trade of England, and that divers good Laws have been enacted for preservation of the said Commodities in their true nature: It will not be unproper that I mention here some heads of such Orders as have been made, and principally for the true making of Cloth, being the prime of the native Commodities of England. * 1.19The Sack of Wooll then, of which our English Cloth is made, doth contain, as I said before, 364 l. the Tod of Wool is 28 l. 13 Tods making a Sack, every Tod being 4 Nails, and every Nail being 7 l. This Sack of Wool is accounted to make 4 Standard Cloths of clean Wool, called sorting Cloths, weighing 60 l. the Cloth, and being 24 yards long of 6½ quarters broad. Now in the Weight it is to be observed, that the Cloths be well scoured, thicked, milled, and fully dryed: and in the measure that the same be measured by the Yard and Inch, within the lift, concerning the bredth, all which I will for the benefit of Cloth traders insert this following collection.

* 1.20

	Breadth.	Weight.	Measures.
Kent, York, and Reading cloths of	6½	quar.	86	l.	30 & 34	yards.
Suffolk, Norfolk, and Essex cloths of	7	quar.	80	l.	29 & 32	yards.
Worcester, Coventry, and Hereford cloths of	6½	quar.	78	l.	30 & 33	yards.
Wiltshire, Gloucester, Oxon, Somerset of	7	quar.	76	l.	29 & 32	yards.
Suffolk sorting cloths	6½	quar.	64	l.	23 & 26	yards.
All sorting cloths of divers Shires of	6½	quar.	60	l.	24 & 26	yards.
Broad-cloth, Taunton, Bridgwater, and Dunst.	7	quar.	30	l.	12 & 13	yards.
Broad and narrow of Yorkshire of	4	quar.	30	l.	24 & 25.
Devonshire Kersies and Dossens of	4	quar.	13	l.	12 & 13.
Check, Kersies, strait and plain Grays	4	quar.	24	l.	17 & 18.
Ordinary Penistens or Forests	5½	quar.	28	l.	12 & 13.
Sorting Penistons of	6½	quar.	35	l.	13 & 14.
Washers of Lancashire, and others			17	l.	17 & 18.

* 1.21See further the said Statute for the manner of making of all the said woollen Cloths, and orders for Workmen, with the viewing, searching, and all other needful circumstances there and thereunto belonging, for further direction whereto I refer you. As for Tin, which is also one of the Staple Commodities of this Kingdom, many good orders are enacted for the true casting and assay thereof, and is accounted as the Princes peculiar Commodities, farmed to certain Merchants, who have the sole preemption thereof, and thereto belongeth a peculiar weight, called the Stannery weight, the hundred thereof making 120 l. suttle Averdupois, as I said before. * 1.22Lead is also one of the Staples of this Island, known throughout all the parts of the World, and is in England sold likewise by a particular weight called the Foder, which is 19½ hundred of 112 l. to the hundred, and making suttle pounds 2184 l. For other the Staple Commodities of England, I need not further insist, referring the same to the search of the Inqui∣sitor at his own leisure.

I have already noted, that sundry Commodities are in England weighed and measured by sundry and distinct Weights and Measures, the principal thereof being of Silver and Gold. I have already shewed the Standard of our English Coins, and shewed how the same agreeth with other places, then of Salt, Wine, and Corn, which in the next place I mean here to shew, and withal demon∣strate how the same holdeth correspondency with other Countries, which in the most Cities I have omitted as purposely intended here to be inserted by it self, as reducing all others to the City of London.

* 1.23Corn then, as the most necessary Commodity, is sold, as I have shewed before in England, by the Quarter, accounting 5 Quarters for one Tun lading ordinarily, though otherwise 10¼ Quarters is a Last of Corn, and this Last then of Corn doth make,

In Embden 55 Werpes, whereof 61 made a Last there, or 15½ Barrels of 4 Werpes.

In Hamburg 83 Schepels, whereof 90 make a Last there.

In Lubeck 85 Schepels, whereof 96 make a Last.

In Dantzick 56 Schepels, whereof 60 there make a Last, the 4 Schepels make one Muid, which is the the Skip-pound of 340 l.

In Fameran 78 Schepels, whereof 96 to the Last.

In Haleger haven in Denmark 80 Schepeli, 96 to the Last.

In Copenhagen 23 small Barrels, whereof 16 to the Last.

In Ebbetroffe Danick 23 Barrels, whereof 36 to the Last.

In Nelbogge 23 Barrels, whereof 42 to the Last.

In Sweden 23 Barrels.

In Conixburg 6/7 of a Last, the 6 Last are 7 at Amsterdam.

In Millan 17/21 of a Last.

In Statin in Pomerland, 6/7 of a last.

In Riga 42 loops.

In Antwerp 37½ vertules.

In Bruxels 10½ mudden, and differ in all places in Brabant.

In Gant 4 muds, 7 halsters of 12 to 1 mud is 55 halsters.

In Bruges 7½ hoots.

In Bunkirk 18 raisere water measure.

In Middleburg 40 sacks is 41½ to the last in all Holland.

In Dort 28 sacks.

In Rotterdam and Delf, 87 achtelings.

In Schoon haven 88 achtelings.

In Erchusen, Horn, Medenblick, 42 sacks.

In Groeningen 33 muds.

In Tenel 58 loops.

In Calais 18 rasiers.

In Rouers 20 to 30 mines, every mine is 4 bushels.

In Rachel 128 bushels, 4 to every sestier.

In Bourdeaux 38 boiseaux, whereof 33 to the last.

In Sevil 54 hanegas, a last is 4 cahis of 12 haneg as.

In Lisbon 225 alquieres, whereof 240 to the last, or 4 moyos of 60 alquiers to the moyo, and so in all the Islands of Portugal.

In Venice 32 stares.

In Genoua 23½ minas.

In Sicilia 38 medinos of 6 moyos.

In Paglia 32 cara 36 timans.

In Cyprus 40 medinos of 2 cipros.

In Amsterdam a last, and it is observable here, that Corn is found so far to differ in Goodness that the Measure of this place will weigh of East-land wheat 156 l. of French wheat 180 l. of Suilia wheat 224 l. and of Africa 236 l. and this last of Amsterdam is 27 moyos or muddens, each mudden is 4 schepels, or every last is 29 sacks, and each sack 3 achtelings, so that a last may be said to be 108 schepels or 87 achtelings.

* 1.24Now for as much as Salt is not a native Commodity of our Country, we must borrow the Original of the Measure thereof from those places which produce the greatest quantity, or from those Cities which hold the principal Staple thereof. It will be necessary then we bring it to tho great hundred of Zealand, which is accounted for 4 small hundred, and because it is best known in all places, they measure their Salt with barrels, 18 barrels to a last, and 7 last to the b•…•…drea, which is 126 barrels.

In Armuyden in Zealand they reckon 8•• weighs for one hundred: every weigh is 11½ sacks, every sack 4 measures, and 15 weighs of Browage Salt make the great hundred. The sack of Salt of Armuyden, being 122 small barrels, for the 122 sacks shall be my Computation, and it maketh

In ••rew••ge 4/7 parts of one hundred of 28 moyos, and 12 sacks to the Moyo; also by charges or loads, ten loads to the hundred, and 48 moyos or moys to the last of 21 barrels.

In Lisbon 25 moyos.

In S•• Mary Port 28 moyos.

In Saintubal 20 cays.

In Calis 22 cays.

In Saintlucar 21 cays.

In Gant 108 sacks or barrels.

In Antwerp 144 vertels of 24 to the last, and 6 last to the hundred, and the white Salt is mea∣sured with a lesser measure of 12 upon 100.

In Dunkirk 92 water measures, or 104 land measures.

In Ostend 98 measures.

In Damme and Axiels 102 measures.

In Bruges 104 measures.

In Ypres 144 measures.

In Rotterdam 100, whereof 6 make 1 mud of 18 to the 100.

In Amsterdam, Utrecht, Druenter, 102 schepels.

In Calais 130 barrels, 19 to the last, but 20 by Fraighting.

In Rouen and almost all France 6½ muys.

In Hamburgh 7 lasts, whereof 80 barrels make 100.

In Denmark 6 •• lasts.

In Sweden 111 tuns or barrels, 16 to the last.

In Emden 100 barrels 14 to the last.

In Lubeck, 7 lasts of 18 barrels.

In London 7½ lasts of 18 herring-barrels, but by weight 11½.

In Venice and Prian 70 mose.

* 1.25Pit-coal is a Commodity peculiar and native, and is sold by the Chalder, which must be ta∣ken from the Measure of Newcastle, where the greatest quantity of Coals is found, and they measure there by the Chalder filled up, whereof 7½ chalders make a last, and is measured in giving 21 for 20. the Correspondence thereof is;

The last of Newcastle of 7½ chalders is in	London and Yarmouth 10 chalers.
Rouen 100 barrels giving 104 for 100.
Bruges and Ostend 100 measures for Oats.
Dort 12 hort, also by weighs of 144 l. of 24 stone, of 6 l.
Gaunt 144 sacks, or 24 muds.
Alst 200 muds.
Antwerp 175 Vertils,
Condet 44 muys, 80 make a cherk.
Zealand 68 herring-barrels.
Middleburg by weigh of 108 l.
Amsterdam 13•• loots of 38 measures.

* 1.26Wines are sold in England by the tun of 252 gallons, and by reason of the Diversity of W•…•… of the Growth of sundry Countries coming to England, it is fit I should set down how the tun of 252 gallons doth correspond with other places.

It then makes in Antwerp 6 ames, containing 300 stoops, every stoop weighing 6 l. called a stone, every ame being 50 stoops, or 42 gallons, and every stoop being 9½ pints English.

In Paris and Orleans 4 hogsheads making 10 stoops, every hogshead 312 stoops, and at Peris 36 sextiers, each sextier being 4 quarts, every quart 2 pints, is 288 pints, and each pint is a chapins.

In Bourdeaux 4½ hogsheads.

In Lisbon 5½ hogsheads.

In Auxere in Burgundy 3 puncheons.

In Poitou 2¼ pipes.

In Coniaque 2 pipes or 4 hogsheads.

In Ay and Artou, 4⅔ hogsheads.

In Seres or Canary 2 pipes of 150 stoops or 1 but and 9/20, every but is in Antwerp 158 stoopt, they measure by the rove of 30 l. is 5 stoops of Antwerp, which is about 5⅞ gallons, and every but containeth 30 roves, and the pipes contain 30 roves of 28 l.

In Candado is 2 buts.

In Madrid 2 pipes lacking 16 stoops, or about 19 gallons.

In Sevil 56 ••/4 rove of Romani, a rove is 8 somers, every somer is 4 quartils, every quartil is ••/8 of a stoop of Antwerp, which is about 1½ pints English, and they do deliver 27 and 28 roves in a pipe, but of Oyl measure by 40 and 41 roves in a pipe.

In Ansoy or Bastard 2 pipes, 16 stoops for the said 6 ames.

In Lisbon 37½ almudes of 1½ rove of Sevil, every Almudas is 12 covados, or somer at Sevil, a covade is 12 quarts Oyl measure by alqueri or cantar, every alqueri is 6 covados, every cantar is 4 stoops of Antwerp, or 4½ gallons English.

In Algorn 34 starre.

In Florence 16⅔ barrels of 20 fiaschi or 18 stoops of Antwerp, the 3 barrels is one starre, and each starre is 54 stoops of Antwerp, or 64 gallons English.

In Rome 7½ brontons, every bront is 96 bocals or 13½ rubes or stones of 10 l. of 30 ounces in one bront, or 42 stoops of Antwerp for Honey the pound being 44 ounces.

In Candia 80 mostaches in a but of 34 and 35 mostaches of 3¼ stoops of Antwerp or cirea 4 ••/•• gallons English.

In Bolonia 13 corbes incirca 19½ gallons English each corbe.

In Padua 1 and ••/25 cara, the Oyl is by the millier of 1185 l. is in Antwerp 1100 l. makes 152 stoops in a but.

In Venice 80 mostati, the 38 make a but, and 76 make an Amphora, 16 ••/3 quarti besonts measure the 4 bigonts, 1 bigout is a French hogshead, 1 quart 18 stoops of Antwerp, 15⅔ quarti measure, secchio or small measures of 4 tischaufer.

Amphera

• 4 bigots or bigantines.
• 16 quartibigots measure.
• 18½ quarti secchio.

Lagol is a puncheon, amphora is 2 ames, which is 84 gallons, and for Oyl they measure by am••hora also, and for Honey, but most by millier of 1210 l.

In Verona 1½ cara.

14 brents, every brent is 16 bases.

Oil by the millier of 1738 is 8 brenten and 11 bases.

In Ferrara 12 mastilli of 8 secchio, each mastilli is 21 gallons.

In Vicentia 1 ••/26 cara, and the Oyl by the millier of Venice.

In Treviso 11 consi, 10 consi make 1 cara.

In Corfu and Zante, 37 zare or sare, and each sare is near 6½ gallons.

In Istria 15 venas, near 17 gallons.

In Tunis 60 matali of 32 rotolos, every matali making about 4¼ gallons English.

In Tripoli in Barbary 45 metares of 42 rotolos, and each metara being somewhat more than ••2½ gall•…•…s English.

In Constantinople 180 alms, each alm being about 20 pints, and 96½ alms of Oyl here, make at Venice a millier.

In Calabria 8 salmes.

In Puglia 8 salmes are French barrels, Oyl also 8 salmes, every salm is 10 star, each star is 32 pignaroli.

Hereto it will not be unfit I should add Malines his Observation upon these Wet Measures in general.

The Romans in times past, called the Wet Measure by ounces, as we do now the Weight, ac∣counting 10 ounces ponderales, for 12 ounces mensurales; so Sestarius Bonianorum was 18 ounces weight-measure, and 21½ ounces mensurales or wet measure. Now this Custom of Measuring and Correspondency of Wet Measure and Weight is yet in use in sundry places:

As at Meyson in Saxony, 20 ounces ponderales, make 24 ounces mensurales.

Also at Lipsick, 32 ounces wet measure, goes to 16½ ounces weight measure, the Difference of Correspondence being of 5 to 6. This is further demonstrated in many Commodities.

As a hogshead of Wine weigheth 500 l. the cask 50 l. so that in net Wine there is 150 l.

Also a hogshead of Corn weigheth 400 l. the cask 50 l. the net Corn is 350 l. so that by this Computation, the tun of Wine weigheth 1800 l. and with the cask 2000 l. and the tun lading of Corn weigheth 1600 l. and with the cask 1800 l. So that for the Lading of a Ship, by Weight and Measure, these Observations are to be noted;

* 1.27Two tuns are accounted for a last, so 2 tuns of Wine make 4000 l. and somewhat more, and in hogsheads there should be but ⅓ parts of a last.

At Dert in Holland they call a great Vessel a rod of Wine, which weighed 4500 l. as a last of Corn, comparing these 4500 l. mensurales by reduction of 6 to 5, as above noted, are 3750 l. perderales, is 12½ ames; now if you account the gallons of Wine of Antwerp to weigh 6 l. the Capacity of this Vessel is 15 ames, being 750 gallons.

The rod is a rod quadrant of 10 feet long, 10 broad, and 1 foot deep, every foot containing 7 1/•• gallons Antwerp Measure, or 4⅔ feet Cubic. And this is as much as I think fit to insert in this place concerning the Wine Measures of England, with other Countries, for other liquid Commodities, the Table aforegoing will more largely demonstrate.

* 1.28The Exchanges practised in England, and principally in London, are confined within a nar∣row seantling, being but as a Rivnlet issuing out of the great Stream of those Exchanges that are used beyond the Seas, and therefore limited but to some few places, as to Antwerp for Flanders, to Rouen and Paris for France, to Amsterdam and Rotterdam for the Netherlands, to Dantzick for the East Country, to Venice for Italy, to Edinburgh for Scotland, to Dublin for Ire∣land; all the other parts of the Exchanges practised in England have their derivation hence, and he that would exchange for any other forein Country (these aforenamed excepted) must first have recourse hither, and by a secondary Exchange have his Desire fulfilled: all which Exchanges, and the manner how the same are calculated, and the places with which London hath in former time been seen to exchange, I have at large demonstrated in the 443, 444, 445, 446 and 447 Chapters of this ensuing Treatise: whereto for better satisfaction I will refer the Reader.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Measures in England.
• * 1.2

  1. A Yard.
• * 1.3

  2. An Ell.
• * 1.4

  3. A Goad.
• * 1.5

  The coursesies of Londoners.
• * 1.6

  Tret.
• * 1.7

  Closse.
• * 1.8

  Shaftner.
• * 1.9

  Measures of London com∣pared.
• * 1.10

  Measures fo∣reign to Eng∣lish measure reduced.
• * 1.11

  Use of the for∣mer Table threefold.
• * 1.12

  2. Use.
• * 1.13

  3 Use.
• * 1.14

  Measures of Land in use.
• * 1.15

  Board, Glass, Hangings, &c.
• * 1.16

  Dry measures of Grain.
• * 1.17

  Liquid Mea∣sures in Eng∣land.
• * 1.18

  A declaration of the Stan∣dard for cloth-making, made in the fourth year of Ring James.
• * 1.19

  Sack of Wool.
• * 1.20

  Breadth, weights, and measures of English cloths.
• * 1.21

  Tin in Eng∣land.
• * 1.22

  Lead in Eng∣land.
• * 1.23

  Corn measure, with other Countries.
• * 1.24

  Measures of Salt compared with other places.
• * 1.25

  Measures of Sea-coal com∣pared with ••o∣ther places.
• * 1.26

  Measures of Wine.
• * 1.27

  Observations for the lading of a Ship by weight and measure.
• * 1.28

  Exchanges of London.