The practice of physick in seventeen several books wherein is plainly set forth the nature, cause, differences, and several sorts of signs : together with the cure of all diseases in the body of man / by Nicholas Culpeper ... Abdiah Cole ... and William Rowland ; being chiefly a translation of the works of that learned and renowned doctor, Lazarus Riverius ...

Chap. 7. Of Bleeding at the Nose, called Haemorrhagia.

THe word Haemorrhagia, vulgarly signifieth any flux of blood coming from any part. But pecu∣liarly, when it is named simply of Hippocrates, it signifieth only that flux which cometh from the Nose, as the first and most evident kind, as Galen observed, Com. 1. in 1. Epid.

An Haemorrhagia of the Nose, is a Symptome in the excrements of those things which are wholly against Nature. For Blood coming through the Nose, either comes from the Veins and Arteries in the Brain, or from the Vessels coming from the Pallat to the Nostrils, which ate like the Hemorrhoid Veins in the Womb and Fundament.

But since every Symptome depends upon a Disease as its immediate Cause, the cause of this will be either an Organical, or a Common Disease.

The Organical is two-fold: The opening of the Vessels, which is called in Greek Anastomosis; and the thinning, or rarefaction of them, called Diapedesis.

The Common Disease is two-fold: The breaking of the Vessels, called Rexis; and the Erosion called Diabrosis.

The Causes immediately producing those Diseases, are either exceeding in quantity or quality of Blood.

Blood offending in quantity can either break the Veins, or open the Orifices of them.

In quality, if it be too hot, or too thin, it will flow out by Anastomosis, because heat doth dilate the Orifice, and thinness maketh it flow more easily. Also the same qualities make a Diapedesis: for heat maketh the coats of the Vessels thin, and the thinness of the blood makes it easie to pass through the pores of those coats.

Lastly, The sharpness of the Blood gnaweth the Tunicles of the Veins, and ulcerateth them, from whence cometh a Diabrosis.

The external Causes also do concur to produce this Disease, either mediately, or immediately.

Immediately, as falls, stroaks, wounds, and the like, which break and divide the Veins.

They work mediately which do encrease, warm, and make thin the blood, as plentiful Diet, Drun∣kenness, Idleness, too much Exercise, great Noise, Heat, long staying in the Sun, and the like.

The Differences of Hemorrhagia are these: Some are Critical, some Symptomatical.

Critical Hemorrhagia's are in acute Feavers, by the force of Nature endeavor to expel the cause of the Disease this way, as especially in those Diseases which are joyned with the Inflamation of some Entral, especially of the Liver, or the Spleen, which are many times discharged by these waies; somtimes it comes without a Feaver, when Nature dischargeth her self of the superfluous blood, whence we see many in their youth have an Hemorrhagy by fits, and others bl••ed other waies.

A Symptomatical Haemorrhagy happeneth chiefly in Chronical Diseases, in which filthy blood is produced by reason of the debility of the Liver, or some other great Distemper, which either flows through those Veins by the weakness of the retentive faculty, or is sent forth by the expulsive, as an unprofitable burden, because impure blood is not fit to nourish the Body.

Haemorrhagia is known of its self. But its Causes are thus distinguished: That which cometh by Anastomosis, hath this common with that which comes by Rexin, or rupture, in that in both the blood floweth plentifully; but in this they are distinguished, If a blow or a fall went before, we should suppose it to be Rexin: But when Ruption cometh from Plethora, or much Blood; as also apertion of the Veins; thus they may be distinguished: When the Vessel is broken, the Blood slow∣eth constantly; when it is opened, at a distance, and by fits only; because the Orifices of the Vessels use to be knit and closed when there is less plenty of the Humor which dilateth flowing thereto; but broken Vessels stand alwaies open, and therefore blood continually sloweth till the solution of con∣tinuity be united. Moreover the opening of a Vein, is distinguished from the breaking, by the sub∣stance of the blood: For if it be thin, it comes from a Vessel opened; if thick, it comes from a bro∣ken. Hence it is that Hemorrhagy comes in yong men for the most part by the opening of the Ves∣sels, because their blood is thin; but in old men from Ruption, because theirs is thick.

If it comes from Ero••••on of the Veins, there will be signs of Cacochymia, or ill juyce in the body of an Ulcer, and matter somtimes comes forth: or at least a salt Catarrh hath gone before. If it comes by Diapedesis, or Rarefaction, the blood is thin and little.

The Causes autecedent and external, are easily distinguished: For if it come from plenty of blood, there is a red face and large veins: as also the Diet hath been large and hot, or there hath been some external cause which hath melted and made thin the blood, and these especially befal them who have very hot Livers.

If it come from evil Juyce, it is known by its proper signs, which declare whether Choller or Me∣lancholly doth abound: Moreover, the Blood will appear corrupt either from the Nose, or taken from the Arm.

If it come from the weakness of the retentive faculty, the face wil be pale, and the whol body weak; as also some Disease hath gone before, by which the Liver was first weakened, and then very little blo•••• comes forth, and by degrees.

If the blood comes immediately from the Veins of the Nostrils, it is easily stopt with astringent Me∣dicines applied thereto, and there will be no pain in the Head. Contrary wise, if it come from the Brain, there is some pain in some part of the Head, the flux is hardly stopped, and things put up into the Nose do no good. Somtimes blood comes from other parts, as the Liver, Spleen, Womb, whose signs are the pains and extensions in those parts.

If the blood flows from an Artery, it comes with force, it is hot, pure, fresh, and clear; but when it comes from a Vein, it is dark, red, thick, somtimes foul, and comes forth with smal force.

The Prognostick of Hemorrhagy coming, especially if it be Critical, is taken from the hurt actions, when the Excrements and qualities are changed: as watchings, and dreams of red things, a great pain of the Head and Neck, heaviness in the Temples, and great beating of those Arteries, ringing and noise in the Ears, dulness of the Eyes, with redness thereof, and of the whol face, hating of light, invo∣luntary tears, itching of the Nose, a drop of Blood upon the day that declares the Crisis, difficulty of breathing, an extension of the Hypochondria without pain.

The Reason of which signs is: When the Blood begins to be carried to the Head, it begets in the Head Phantasms of red things, both waking and sleeping: as it happened to a yong Roman which

Galen mentioneth, lib. de praesag. ad Posthumum, cap. 13. he had an acute Disease, and thought he saw a red Serpent about the Chamber Seiling, at which being frighted, he leaped out of his bed: Hence Galen foretold a Haemorrhagy at hand, and hindered the letting of blood which other Physiti∣ans had prescribed.

The pain of the Head and Neck comes from the translation of the blood into the superior parts, which by distending and pulling the Membranes causeth pain.

The Arteries in the Temples beat by reason of their compression which is caused by the fulness of the Veins.

The noise in the Ears comes from vapors flying in abundance into the head.

The sight is dim because many thick vapors sent up do stop the passages. Hence it is that when passage is denied to the Animal Spirits, the sight is dim.

The things flying before the Eyes called Marmaryges, are nothing but thin bodies divided and of divers colours contained between the Cornea and the Crystalline, coming from vapors ascending: which though they be inward, yet through deception of the sight they seem to be outward; because the Eye being used to see External things, supposeth whatsoever is within, to be with∣out.

The Redness of the Face and Eyes comes from blood in those parts increased: there is a detesta∣tion of light, because the Eyes being distended with plenty of humors, wil be more distended with light, because it disperseth the Spirits: Hence the Eye is dilated, which causeth pain, which that the Patient may avoid, he avoideth the light.

The involuntary Tears come from the repletion of the Eyes, and the parts adjacent, which being too much Distended to press the Glandles that contain the moisture of which tears are made.

The Itching of the Nostrils comes from vapors ascending upwards.

Drops of blood upon the day of demonstration, namely, the fourth or eleventh, sheweth that there wil be an Haemorrhagy upon the day of judgment; namely, the seventh or the fourteenth, because in those dayes Nature begins to transfer the Humors to those parts.

The breathing is difficult, because while the blood flyeth upward it compresseth the Diaphrag∣ma.

Lastly, There is a stretching of the Hypochondria, because the blood begins to move in its foun∣tain, and in the roots of the veins: but this distention is not constant, and is without pain, as the difficulty of breathing is: for if they should last long and increase they would be signs of the Liver inflamed.

The Prognostick of a present Bleeding at Nose is thus.

If Blood flow moderately out of the Nose in the day of judgment it is sign of Health; although Galen doth confirm this; yet Fernelius denyeth it, saying, lib. 2. de sanguinis m••ss. cap. 1. That no discharge of blood, although critical, is sign of health; for though it ease madness, watchings, head∣ach, and other Symptoms, yet it scarce ever cureth the Disease, because the purer portion of blood is sent forth and the pure remaineth; and this is thus proved, because the blood coming from the nose is of a laudable colour and substance, when blood at the same time taken out of a vein in the arm or else where, shal appear to be corrupt.

This Doctrine of Fernelius is very real, but not altogether to be received: It is true, That in a∣cute Diseases, especially malignant Feavers, a Haemorrhag doth not alwaies Cure the Disease: as Sweat is not alwaies a sign of Health in those Diseases▪ because these Evacuations being forced by Nature before the time, come for the most part from the malice of the matter of the Disease: Yet somtimes acute Diseases are cured by Haemorrhagia, as Galen taught in his Third Book de cris. cap. ult. and elsewhere. And the reason why blood out of the Nostrils is alwaies pure, is because it comes by drops, and therefore would be so quickly cold that the impure parts could not be separated; and the purer parts mixed with the rest would make the whol mass red. But blood taken out of the arm, because it comes flowing freely, keeps the colour long in the vessel from which the impure parts are separated, so that the thick and drosly part goes to the bottom, but the choller and flegm which is more altered and impure, swims at the top, and so the blood seems impure and sordid.

On the other side, if blood should drop from the vein it would appear pure, because it presently goes together before the Haeterogeneal parts can be divided by the heat; nay if blood flow freely and be caught in a large vessel, it wil appear pure because it is quickly cold.

Haemorrhagyes that are very great are the worst, for they tend to a Convulsion: For somtimes it comes to pass that Nature being burdened with much blood, and stirred up to throw it forth, cannot observe a Mean, and makes an over Crisis, which Physitians must stop.

An Haemorrhagy in the beginning of the Disease is evil, because it is Symptomatical, and comes from the malignity of the matter of the Disease, Nature being stirred up to send it forth before her time.

An Haemorrhagy which is on the same side with the part affected is good, but otherwise it is evil so in the inflamation of the Liver when blown forth out of the right Nostril it is good, but out of the left, bad.

Contrarily, When the Spleen is inflamed, if blood come forth of the left Nostril it is good but out of the right bad: because al good Evacuation ought to be ••ata ixin.

A few drops coming from the Nose are evil: for it signifies the weakness of nature, and the malig∣nity of the disease.

For al Excretions are condemned by Hippocrates, in acute diseases if they be begun only and not finished, because there is greater security in those Feavers in which nature putteth forth nothing, than in which she puts forth little to no profit.

For then it is to be supposed that she tends to Concoction; but if a drop appear, it is a sign that na∣ture was stirred up before her time.

But a drop coming upon the day of Indication, and signs of Concoction also appearing, it signifies that there wil be an Haemorrhagy upon that Critical day.

Haemorrhagies continuing long, foreshews the weakness of the Liver, and the coldness also, and an evil habit with a dropsie to be at hand.

To him who have bled at the nose in Quartane Feavers it is evil, Hippocrates, Aph. 87. Sect. 7. For as Avicen sayeth bleeding in Melancholly and Flegmatick people is hurtful, because i•• cooleth too much.

To them who in Feavers have lost much blood at the Nose, or any part, when they amend their belly wil be loose, Hip. aph. 27. sect. 4. For as Galen saith in Com. when the natural heat is debilitated by bleeding, neither can their meat be wel concocted, nor turned into blood, nor distributed into the body: and therefore it is fit they should be loose bellied, until Nature recover her strength.

In the Cure of Haemorrhagia, first observe whether it be Critical or Symptomatical: For a Cri∣tical is not to be stopped, but you must suffer it to flow in a great quantity: For Avicen saith, That blood hath come from the Nose to the quantity of four pints by a Crisis without any decay of strength. And this seems to be taken out of Galen, who in his Book de Progn ad Posthum. cap. 13. suffered a yong Roman to bleed four pints and an half before he would stop it.

Which as it may fal out wel in very Plethorick people, so in others it may endanger life; and it is certain that a Critical Haemorrhagy, although it is the work of Nature, yet somtimes is beyond mea∣sure; for Nature being burdened with blood, and stirred up to expel it, somtimes cannot keep with∣in measure, but maketh too great an Evacuation; whence we ought to fear a great dejection of strength, and death, and then it is to be stopt, as often as any notable infirmity followeth.

So also that blood which customarily floweth without a Feaver is not to be stopped, but to be left to Natures ordering, except it be immoderate; for many by such bleeding have been freed from great Diseases, into which after, upon suppression thereof they have fallen.

But a Symptomatical Hemorrhagy is to be stopt, which may be done by revulsion of the Blood from the Nose, and by repelling it to the parts adjacent, by stopping of the Veins which are open, by staying the disorderly motion of the blood, and by evacuating the sharp and thin humors mixed with the Blood, which are the chief Cause of Haemorrhagy, by correcting them, and hindering their en∣crease, and by strengthening the retentive faculty of the Liver and Veins: All which may be done with the Remedies following.

And first Blood-letting is the chief thing for Revulsion, which must be done quickly before the Pa∣tient grow we••k, and that out of the Vein on the same side the Nostril is, out of which it cometh: on the right ••ide, if from the right Nostril; on the left, if from the left: And Galen, lib. de sang. miss. cap. 11. confirmeth the efficacy of this Remedy, affirming that he hath presently stopped vio∣lent bleedings at the Nose only thereby. But it must be taken in a large quantity if the Patient be strong, and from a large orifice: Although most of the Ancient and Modern Physitians think other∣wi••e, and say that blood must be let out at a final orifice by little & little often, by which means they say the Revulsion will be better. But that you may make the blood move the contrary way, you must have a stronger motion for hinderance of a weaker; therefore by how much the larger the ori∣fice, and the more violent the motion is of the blood from the Vein opened, by so much the sooner will the blood at the Nose be stopped: But if by once letting blood, and applying other Remedies, the Haemorrhagy be not stopt, you must repeat Blood-letting according to the strength of the Pati∣ent. You may also open the Vein in the Foot, that a Revulsion may be made at a great distance, which also availeth much, as Avicen, Paul. and Trallian say.

After Blood-letting, as also before, rub and bind the extream parts, and clap great Cup-glasses to the Hypochondria; to the right side, if the right No stril; to the left, if the left do bleed: For Ga∣len stopt an Hemorrhagy in a yong Roman, by a Cupping-glass to the Hypochondrion without blood-letting, as he saith lib. de prog. ad Posthum. cap. 13.

Notwithstanding, the applying of Cupping-glasses to the Hypochondria, is not altogether safe, for the blood then being hot may be drawn in too great a measure into the Liver, or the Spleen, and in∣flame them. Of which there is an example in Fabricius Hildanus, Obs. 47. Cent. 2. of a Gourtier who bleeding violently at the Nose; to whom, with other Remedies, there were great Cupping-glas∣ses applied to his Liver: The blood stopt, but there followed a great inflamation of the Liver. Therefore you must be wary in applying Cupping-glasses to the Hypochondria, and never use them but when all other Remedies fail, and after divers Phlebotomies: For after the plenty of blood is taken out of the Veins, there is less danger of attracting too much Blood to the Liver to inflame it, but which way soever they are applied, they draw blood and spirits to those parts whereby their heat is encreased, which seems to be contrary to the opinion of Hippocrates. Aph. 13. Sect. 5. where he saith, That in those parts from whence Blood cometh, or is about to come, you must use cold things. The Interpreters say, that cold things are to be applied to those parts from whence the motion of the Blood beginneth, as the Liver and Spleen.

Forestus commendeth Cupping-glasses to the Feet, by Experience, Obs. 14. Lib. 13. in these words: When a Gentleman exceedingly bled at the Nose, and no Remedies would help him, ha∣ving lost at least twelve pound of blood from both Nostrils; I was sent for▪ and after he had bleda whol day, I commanded two Cupping-glasses without scarrification to be applied, one to his Liver, the other to the Spleen, and the blood seemed to stay a little; but after my departure, when his wife perceived him to bleed again out of both Nostrils, and that his cupping had done no good, she com∣manded that the cupping should be set upon his feet, and the blood wonderfully stopped beyond ex∣pectation: But after the Cupping-glasses had been a while fixed, the Patient fell into a swound; and therefore they took them off, and threw water in his face, by which he recovered; and then being refreshed with the scent of Wine, he came to himself, and was restored to his former health, from his bleeding, as it were by Miracle or Inchantment, beyond all expectation.

Moreover, Cupping-glasses applied to the Shoulders both dry and with scarrisication, do draw back the blood ••rom the Nose. But they be not alwaies safe, for they may attract blood from the in∣ferior parts, and so give occasion to a further bleeding.

Some Practitioners do apply Cupping-glasses to the Biceps Muscles of the Arms, by which they make revulsion.

Crato in his Counsels, reckoneth the bending of the little finger on the same side among the revul∣sives: for by the great pain that will be caused thereby, there will be a drawing back of the blood.

But the Blood and Spirits are drawn inwardly more strongly by swouning, whereby we saw a Bishop in the year, 1629 cured of a violent Hemorrhagy; for being in a malignant Feaver with the inflamation of the right Cidney, which after in the twenty seventh day of his sickness, turned to an Imposthume, he was taken with so violent a bleeding, that in four hours he lost two pounds, and still bleeding and strength decaying, we bethought how we should stop it; and after the use of many remedies to no purpose, the Patient desired to ease his belly, and could not be compelled to do it in his bed: we foretold him, that if he arose, he being very weak would faint away, but that would be good to stay his bleeding: and so it came to pass, for after he rose he swouned; from which with a little Wine he was recovered, throwing also Water in his face; after that he had a large stool was brought to his bed, and bled with less violence; then giving a dram and an half of Lapis Prunellae in cold Water, presently the blood franched when the same and other Medicines could not formerly do it. Although fainting be not vulgarly accounted a Remedy against bleeding at the Nose, yet Hipp. lib. 3. Epid. Sect. 7. saith thus: These things stop the bleeding of the Veins, swouning, the alterati∣on of the posture or figure of the Body, m••erception, a tent, apposition, and deligation or binding. Galen in 5. meth. cap. 5. teacheth the same, in these words: Moreover Blood is stanched 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by fainting, and by revulsion, and derivation to the parts adjoyning, and by cooling of the whole Body, and especially the part afflicted: But you must observe that fainting doth only profit when the blood floweth from the Veins which are terminated in the superficie of the body, which Hippocrates also hints at, when he prescribeth tents, bandage, and the like. For when blood cometh from the inter∣nal parts, as in an Hemoptoe, or spitting of blood, immoderate flux of the terms, or internal wounds, then fainting will encrease the bleeding, the heat being thereby drawn into those parts from whence the blood cometh.

Zacutus Lucitanus, Lib. 1. Praxis admirandae, Obs. 66. reports that he cured a desperate He∣morrhagy, which would yield to no other Medicines, by an actual Cautery to the soals of both feet; which Remedy he saith had like success in a great bleeding at the mouth coming from the opening of the Vein called Ranuncula under the Tongue by corrosion from a sharp Gatarrh; and when the Blood had flowen two dates to the quantity of twenty pounds, and many astringents and Empla••ers had been used, as also Revulsies and thickening Medicines, with Narcoticks or Stupefactives, by a Cautery in the soal of the foot it was stanched.

If still he bleed after all the aforesaid Revulsions have been tried, you must come to repelling Me∣dicines,

such as are vulgarly called Anacollemata, things to be applied to the Forehead and Temples, which are thus made:

Take of Bole-Armenick, Terra Sigillata, Sanguis Draconis, Frankinsence, Mastick, and Aloes, of each one dram: Bran and the hair of an Hare cut smal, of each half a dram: one white of an Egg, the Juyce of Plantane, and Nightshade, of each as much as is sufficient to make a Cata∣plasm for the Forehead, and the Temples.

In extremity you may quickly make a Cataplasm of Bole-Armenick only, mixed with the white of an Egg and Vinegar for the same parts.

The most excellent is made of Time and Vinegar, and applied to the Temples and the Forehead as thick as two fingers: and if the first application do it not, let it be repeated, and it will certainly cure.

Amatus Lusitanus commends a cap made with the aforesaid Pouders, mixed with Vinegar and Water, laid upon the Head being shaven; which you may try in great extremity.

Also you may make a Fomentation of very cold Water, or Water and Vinegar to the Temples and Forehead, changing your cloaths as they grow hot.

Or you may make a Fomentation of the Juyce of Plantane, Knotgrass, Hors-tail, Shepheards∣purse, and the like, with a little Vinegar to make it pierce. Where mark, That the Head is not to be washed with cold Water, nor repelling Medicines to be laid to the Forehead, before you have made sufficient Revulsions; otherwise the blood being struck in with cooling wil fill the Veins above, as Galen sheweth, 5. meth. cap. 6. and so the flux will be encreased, by the heat encreased through Antiperistasis, by which the motion and force of the blood is encreased; or if the blood be stopt, there will follow a Convulsion, Apoplexy, short and difficult breathing, called Dyspnoea, or the like.

Vinegar alone will stop blood if the Forehead be fomented therewith in a Spunge.

Or if you dip a Spunge in Vinegar, and put it into the Nose.

To throw cold Water in the Face, doth not only drive back the blood, but also draweth inward by fear, if done on a sudden, and unawares. As a syncope or swouning, as we said before, stancheth blood by the retraction of it inward; by the same reason doth fear also. A great quantity, namely, two or three glasses must be cast into the face divers times in a short time.

Ordinarily they use to hinder the ascent of the Blood with fomenting of the Neck with a cloth dip∣ped in cold Vinegar and bound about the Neck, changed often before it turn warm.

Vinegar and Water held in the mouth, doth drive the blood down, and keeps the blood from fal∣ling into the Throat.

Also Vinegar put into the Ear next to the Nostril bleeding, is good to close the Vein.

A Bean, or piece of money bound to the root of the Nose, between the Eyebrows, stoppeth the flux.

Also you must observe if the Veins or Arteries in the Forehead or Temples do swell, for then you must bind them down with Money, or a dry Bean slit in length, and this is a special Remedy. And for the better Compression, you must lay a Pledget dipt in the white of an Eg beaten with Time, upon the Bean or Money.

The sume of Vinegar sprinkled upon a hot Iron, taken into the Nostrils, will close the opened Veins.

As also Vinegar and Water often snuffed up.

Besides those things which repel, we must use things that close and glutinate the Veins. For which end, many Remedies may be put into the Nose.

Galen, lib. de paratu facilibus, cap. 13. used Frankinsence and Aloes poudered, with white of an Egg, and the hairs of an Hare, upon lint.

Or you may make a Tent thus:

Take of Frankinsence, Aloes, Dragons blood, Bran, Cobwebs, and the hair of an Hare cut smal, of each half a dram, made up in a Tent with juyce of Plantane.

The same Pouders may be blown into the Nose. For which purpose also great Practitioners do commend the pouder of Eg shels burnt, and burnt Paper. But you must remember besides the use of these pouders, at the same time to fill the mouth with cold Water lest the Medicine get into the mouth.

The Cotton of an Ink-horn squeezed a little, and made into a tent, doth powerfully stop.

As also laid and bound to the Forehead.

If it yet continue, you must come to Escharoticks, which by burning the mouths of the Veins pro∣duce a Scab, and so stay the blood. But these must be used warily, for when the Eschar falls off, they will bleed again.

Burnt Vitriol is the best, which besides its Escharotick quality, is good to stanch blood.

If you will make it gentle, you must mix other Medicines thus:

Take of Galls half a pound: Allum a quarter of a pound: Calcine them, and blow the pouder into the Nose. Or,

Take of Bole-Armenick, Dragons blood, Frankinsence, Aloes, Time, burnt Vitriol, Sarcocol, and Mastich, of each one dram: Make afine Pouder.

White Vitriol is more gentle than burnt Vitriol, and is not very Escharotick: yet it staies blee∣ding very powerfully by astringing the Orifice of the Veins, if it be put into the Nose with a Tent.

You may make Remedies to stop blood, by restraining its motion by cooling, thickning, and co••∣gulating, thus:

Take of Sal Prunellae one dram: Troches of Amber half a dram: Blood-stone and red Coral prepared, of each one scruple: the Syrup of dried Roses one ounce: Plantane Water three ounces. Make a Julep to be taken twice or thrice in a day.

Take of Conserve of Roses and Quinces, of each one ounce: the Troches of Spodium, or burm Ivory, and Terra Sigillata, of each one dram: Coral prepared, and burnt Harts-horn, of each one scruple. Make an Opiate, of which let him take the quantity of a Chesnut twice or thrice in a day.

Vinegar and Water called Oxycrate, drunk plentifully staies an Hemorrhagy.

Outwardly to cool the blood, and to hinder its motion, you must apply cold Water, or Water and Vinegar to divers parts, powring it upon the Arms, and putting the feet therein, and applying to the Cods, as also to the back, because the Vena Càva runs that way, and so the blood will be cooled when it is exceeding hot, when the aforesaid Medicines cannot remedy, some wet the whol Body with Vinegar and Water, or put him into cold Water, which is not without danger, when the Patient is weak.

It is excellent to temper the heat of the blood, to lay Epithems to the Liver and Spleen made of warm Vinegar and Water.

Finally, In the most desperate Case, when no Medicines will prevail, you must use Narcoticks, or Stupefactives, which presently stop all fluxes and evacuations and motion of Humors; and among the rest three or four grains of Laudanum is the best. But take heed that you give it not to the Pati∣ent being very weak, for it is to be feared that the native heat being very little, will be thereby quite exstinguished. One ounce of the Syrup of Poppies given in an astringent Julep at night will do the same.

At length you must come to proper Remedies which by an occult secret quality stop bleeding. The most usual and best are these:

The Juyce of Nettles is extolled for strengthening any blood, of what part soever, and therefore it is both given inwardly to four ounces once or twice, as also snuft into the Nose, and applied to the Forehead and Temples made like a Cataplasm with Bran, or the whol Nettle beaten. Some say that the Root held in the mouth will do the same.

Hogs Dung is one of the best Specifical Medicines, if it be applied hot to the Forehead and Tem∣ples, or smelt unto, or put dry into the Nose, of which this is a form.

Take of Hogs Dung dried three drams: the pouder of Roses to take away the scent of it, half a dram. Mix them with juyce of Plantane, and dip a Tent therein to be thrust into the Nose.

Asses Dung used thus is also commended. And Rodericus a Castro lib. 1. de morbis mulierum, cap. 5. saith that a Physitian of seventy yeers old given to violent bleeding, carried alwaies Asses Dung not quite dry in a box about him, than which he confessed he never knew a better Medicine; especially if when it was dry he mixed it with the Juyce of a Nettle, or if wet he put it alone into his Nose.

Zacutus Lusitanus, lib. ult. praxis Histor. cap. 2. saith that he cured one of seventeen years of age that was weak and lean, after he had lost seventeen ounces of blood and used many Medicines, only with this, He gave him the Dung of an Ass very finely poudered in al his Drink and Broth, he made Tablets of the same with sugar, and gave them with steeled water, by which means only the Patient recovered in seven daies space.

The blood it self which comes out of the Nose, is not only vulgarly commended, but by the lear∣ned to stop an Haemorrhagie by a specifical quality; they fry it in a pan and give it the Patient to eat, he not knowing of it.

As also they Calcine it in a Potsheard, and mix it with the mentioned Astringents.

Others commend the Pouder of Snails burnt with their shels: and others put the Pouder of Frogs Calcined into the Nose.

Pereda speaks of an old Woman of Mount pelior, that she was Cured of a Flux at the Nose of three daies continuance, by only Mints put into the Nose.

Among other Remedies this is excellent and usual, The fine Pouder of Spicknard taken the quan∣tity of a dram in Broth, Plantane-water, or other liquor, not only by a specifical force, but also by strengthning the Liver it stops bleeding.

Finkius witnesseth that a dried Toad poudered and put in a fine red Sarcnet under the Armholes, or held in the hands til it grow warm, wil stanch blood presently: And that the blood wil be imme∣diately congealed as if it apprehended some terrible thing.

Others hang a Toad in the Air while al the flesh is consumed, and keep the bare thigh bone which they put into the Nose, and then it stops bleeding presently.

While you use the aforesaid Remedies, you must think of the taking away of the Cause, which usually is a thin watery Humor or Choller which abounds in the blood, and makes it move disorderly, and provoketh Nature to throw it forth: whence it comes to pass that when it is purged away and the blood clensed that then Nature embraceth blood most familiarly as its chief Friend and the treasure of Life, and wil not labor to cast it forth.

Therefore you must purge twice or thrice if need be with binding and cooling Medicines, thus made,

Take of Tamarinds half an ounce: Plantane Leavs one handful: boyl them to four ounces, being strained infuse of the best Rhubarb one dram: yellow Myrabolans half a dram: Spicknard seven grains: strain it and dissolve therein one ounce of Syrup of Roses, and ad one scruple of the Pouder of Rhubarb. Make a Potion.

In an old Disease that Returneth often, such a Purge repeated once every Week, is excel∣ent.

And after every Evacuation, Astringent Juleps, or Opiates, that are above mentioned; you may make Juleps thus.

Take of the Roots of Snakeweed, and the greater Comfrey, of each one ounce: Plantane, Knotgrass, Rupture-wort, & Fumitory, of each one handful: of the four great Cold seeds, of each one dram: boyl them to a pint, and dissolve in the strained Liquor of white Sugar, three ounces: Make a Julep for three mornings draughts.

Instead of Juleps or Opiats, or after they have been used a while, you may give a Syrup made of the Juyce of Nettles, and an equal proportion of Sugar, two spoonfuls at a time every mor∣ning.

Nor is it sufficient to take away the present Cause of the Hemorrhagy, namely, To Evacuate the Peccant Humor, but you must see that it return not again.

The Bowels are to be strengthened, and their Distempers amended; especially the Liver in which those Humors use to breed.

And the Juleps formerly prescribed wil do this, as also the Tincture of Roses to Cool the Liver and strengthen it, is very good.

Outwardly you may apply Epithems made thus,

Take of the Water of Roses, Plantane, Purslain, Sorrel, and Succory, of each four ounces: the seeds of Purslain, Sorrel, and Succory, of each one dram: the Troches of Camphire, and yellow Saunders, of each two drams: Vinegar, two ounces: Make an Epithem.

To these you may ad al the Remedies which are prescribed for the Cure of a Hot Liver.

Somtimes the Hot Distemper of the Spleen and Reins is the Cause of this Disease; and then you must apply Cooling Medicines to those parts also.

To these must joyn a good order of Diet, which from the beginning of the Cure must be dili∣gently observed.

And therefore, first the Air where the Patient is, must be Cool: and if it be Summer time let it be altered, by sprinkling the floor with Vinegar and Rose-water, and strowing of the Leavs of the Vine, Willow, or Water-Lillies, or the like.

Let his Meat be thickning of little nourishment, as Calves-feet, Sheep and Goats-feet, and the like: Rice, new fat Cheese, hard Eggs, and the like.

Let him eat Fruits that are somwhat sharp, binding, and bitter; as Pears, Quinces, Medlars, Ser∣vices, and Sawces of the Juyce of Pomegranats, Lemmons, Orenges, Sorrel; some commend the use of Lentils or Pease boyled in Vinegar, because they have vertue to thicken, astring, and allay the Acrimony of the blood.

Let the Patient abstain, especially in the beginning of the Disease while his strength is good, from Wine, Flesh, and Rear Eggs, which breed much and thin Blood: you must give him Moist Meats and Suppings in the time of his bleeding: As cooling Broths made of Barley, Oates, and Rice, with Water, for chewing doth provoke bleeding, if he be weak you may give him Flesh-broth and Pana∣does, in which there is Starch dissolved, which is made without Chalk or Gum Arabick.

Let his Drink be steeled Water, and let al his Meat be boyled in the same, which wil be of more force if Nettle Roots be first boyled therein.

Command him to rest, so that he neither Walk, nor Cough, nor Speak loud or at al, for the mo∣tion of the Tongue and Jawes provoke bleeding.

Let his Head be covered, and let him not see the blood, for thereby the imagination being moved, he wil bleed faster.

Let him sleep, for long Watchings make the blood more sharp, Chollerick, and thin: but sleep doth contemperate the Humors, and restrain the motions thereof.

Lastly, Let him avoid the Passions of the mind, which cause the blood to ascend, as Anger, Laugh∣ing, and Joy.