A treatise of the necessity of humane learning for a Gospel-preacher shewing the use of I. Languages, II. Rhetoric, III. Logic, IV. Natural philosophy, V. Moral philosophy, VI. History, VII. Chronology, VIII. Arithmetic, IX. Geometry, X. Astronomy, XI. Geography, and the benefits of learning in all ages : also this question is determined, whether grace be essential to a minister of the Gospel? / by Edward Reyner ...

AN APPENDIX Concerning the ƲSEFƲLNESS OF THE ARABIC, ADDED By another hand.

SKill in the Arabic Language is by the unanimous consent of Learned men, of greatest note for Oriental Learning, represented as a consider∣able attendant of Divinity; being able to do much service in unfolding the sence of Sacred writ; because a perfect knowledge of the Hebrew is not to be attained with∣out it: which we may the rather be indu∣ced to believe, if we consider, that we have but a part of that Language in the Bible; the onely Monument and Record

of it, that hath escaped the injuries of Time. For it can not be thought, that this Mother-tongue should be so barren of words, as not to contain, in its whole ex∣tent, a far greater number, then are at pre∣sent in the Old Testament. Whence it comes to pass, the rest being lost, that we are to seek for the genealogies of many words we meet with there; of whose de∣scent whilest we are ignorant, we cannot certainly rate and value them: nor know what eminency and riches of sence are en∣tailed upon them. In which case, that Language must needs be acknowledged to do a singular good office, which is ready to minister relief, and in a great measure to supply the defect. And this the Arabic performs, enabled thereto, partly, because it is of great affinity with the Hebrew; as descended of it, and differing from it ra∣ther in accidents, then in the essence and substance of the Language, as Ravis proves in his Discourse and Grammar of the Eastern Languages, and may be discerned from Schindler's Lexicon Pentaglotton. Partly, because it is an exceeding copious Tongue, abounding with words, and pre∣served intire and complete. Hence, to speak more particularly,

I. The Arabic may help us to the roots,

(and so clear the meaning) of many He∣brew words, which are not to be found in the present remains of the Hebrew Tongue.

Hottinger for proof hereof hath given a little Lexicon of Instances in his Smegma Orientale, l. x. c. 7. where he shews that from the Arabic we may understand that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 contortum comes from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 funem tor∣quere: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 statua from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 posuit, erectum constituit; both which roots, antiently (without doubt) Hebrew, are still retained in the Arabic. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 palatium, templum is derived from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Arabic magnus, procerus fuit. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Arabic. palatum; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 being compensated by Dagesch in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 as in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Magnas, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 multi famulitii furit. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 le∣gatus, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ivit, profectus est. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 gluma, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 fuste per∣cutere. And from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 carnosos clunes ha∣buit, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 cauda ovis, vel arietis, magna, & adiposa: which word, used Exod. 29.22. and Lev. 7.3. is appropriated to the Eastern sheep, in which that part is so ve∣ry large and fat, * 1.1 that it ever weighs at least ten or twelve pound (as Golius attests) and sometimes above forty; whence we may discover some reason why that part was appointed to be burnt in sacrifice, as in the formentioned places we finde it was. To

these may be added 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 descending from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 donavit. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Elohim, * 1.2 from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 co∣luit, servivit 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 coeli, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 excel∣sum esse. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 crudus from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 semicocta, cruda fuit caro. And, to name no more, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 found onely Habak. 1.9. from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 copiosum, multum esse, whence 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 mul∣titudo, copia, which derivation of De Dieu's is better suited both to the forms of the word, and the sense of the place, then the uncertain conjectures of others. For which of them is so clear, and well ground∣ed, as this, A multitude of their faces [shall be] towards the East?

II. The Arabic, since it received not onely words from the Hebrew, but signifi∣cations too, may give us a more certain aim at the sense of many Hebrew words (used also in the Arabic) which have been uncertainly, and sometimes unhappily explicated. Being such as occur more rarely, and perhaps but once: or, if fre∣quently, yet in such acceptions as are not agreeable to some peculiar places of Scrip∣ture, though well fitting the rest. Hence it is, that these following words are ex∣plained from the Arabic: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Job 16.15. sutis. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 30.17. vena, arteria, * 1.3 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 33.20. fastidivit. And so may 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 40.12. (with us 17.) be from

thence rendred femur, as it there signifies, where the Verb 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is taken as well for fe∣mur laesit, as for pavit. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 37.11. may be more conveniently expressed by projicit, disjicit. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 32.6. by tardavi. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 21.32. properly by terra inculta. All which significations the Arabic furnisheth us with: as also that of the Verb 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 abscondere, recondere; whence 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Jer. 2.22. which, ac∣cording to Bochartus, * 1.4 should be rendred re∣condita; Thine iniquity is laid up before me. See the like Phrase, Deu. 32.34. Hos. 13.12.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, commonly a, ab, in the A∣rabic frequently denotes ad, versus, and so it must needs do in Genesis, ch. 13.11. where Lot going from Beth-el to the plain of Jordan (which lay East of Beth-el) is said to journey 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 East-ward. And in like maner 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 2 Sam. 6.2. should be rendred to (not, from) Baale, as may ap∣pear from 1 Chron. 13.6. See Fullers Miscell. l. 1. c. 4. and Amama's Antibarb. Bibl. ad Gen. 13.11.

The most learned of the Jewish writers are observed to have recourse to this Lan∣guage for the meaning of diverse words in the Hebrew Text: as, of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ever∣ri, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 everriculum in Isa. 14.23. of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Hos. 13.5. terra siticulosa:

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 being in Arab. * 1.5 locus aridus & siticu∣losus, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 sitivit. Of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Num. 11.5. melones from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Arab. melo. Of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ezek. 27.24. vestes pretiosae, which Hottinger deduceth from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Arab. contorquere, quasi contortis filis contextae.

The same learned Author hath also proved, That the Greek Interpreters had a respect to the Arabic usage of words in many places of their Version, as in Mich. 7.3. where 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 usually turned aeru∣mna (or, pravitas) animae suae, is expressed by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, acceptum animae suae, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Arab. cupido, res cupita. So in Ezek. 21.14. in translating 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in stuporem conjicies eos, they seem to look at that sense of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 where∣by it sounds torpuit, stupuit: though it al∣so denote post velamentum latuit, whence 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Hebr. conclave. To these instances scattered by that industrious writer, well versed in the Eastern Languages, in his Smegma Orientale, * 1.6 a whole heap might be added out of his Thesaurus Philol. p. 368. But there is the less need thereof, because this matter will be further evinced in the fifth particular. I shall rather observe, that our Translators have given such a sense of several Hebrew words, as the Arabic ministers, and warrants, and doth in it self

carry the greatest conveniency to those pla∣ces, in which they are found. So they have rendred 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Deut. 33.3. they sate down, which is the usual notion of the Arabic Theme 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 accubuit, * 1.7 and well expresseth the posture of learners. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Ezra 5.8. they make to signifie great, [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 great stones] which import must be acknowledged to the Arabic 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ma∣gnus, crassus fuit. And so must that signi∣fication of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 he commanded, Est. 1.10. and that of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a friend, expressed very fitly in Prov. 16.28. and 17.9. and derived from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which with the Arabians is copu∣lare, conjungere: as De Dieu observes in Psal. 55.14.

In fine, that diverse of the Hebrew Themes had antiently, as, more Conjuga∣tions, so more significations, then now they have, appears from their Derivatives, some of which are used in such acceptions, as have no affinity with any one, which their Theme still retains, but flow from some other which is lost; to the restoring of which the Arabic is most likely to contribute. Thus it helps 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to that sense, pauper, miser fuit; the print of which remains in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Eccles. 4.13. indigus: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to stu∣dium rei alicui impendit, of which some footstep is to be seen in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 occupatio, ne∣gotium.

And lastly, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to remunerare, donare; a memorial of which is preser∣ved in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 portio, found Gen. 48.22. By which means the particular significations of these Derivatives are cleared and con∣firmed.

III. The Arabic Tongue must explain to us those Arabic words which occur in the Scripture. Such are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Amos 5.26. Saturnus: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Gad, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Meni, Isai. 65.11. of which see Mr. Selden de Diis Syris, Syntag. 1. c. 1. and Mr. Pocock in Not is ad Specimen Hist. Arab. p. 89, 92. who in pag. 203. makes 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 also in Prov. 30.31. to be borrowed from the Arabians, with whom it is as much as po∣pulus; and so the sense there will be, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a King with whom is his People, reckoned as one of the things which are comely in going.

IV. By the help of this Language those many Arabisms which are in Scri∣pture may be discerned, and divers words cleared, which are reputed anomalous, from the transposition of letters, the quiescence of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, their redundance, defect, or promiscuous use; which yet are regular and usual in the Arabic; and were, it may be, of old in use in the Hebrew too; which, no doubt, as well as other Tongues, per∣mitted

different ways of writing and speak∣ing the same words in various places and ages. * 1.8 Whence Mr. Pocock hath offered an excellent Conjecture, that many of the various Lections in the Hebrew (textual and marginal) grew hence, That where the words in the Text seemed to be of a cour∣ser Dialect, or of a form then less in use, the Scribes, who were to see to the correct writing of the Copies, set down in the mar∣gin, over against those words, a more pure and usual form, or such as was more esta∣blished by Grammar Rules, whereby they would have them pronounced. Which yet is not to be accounted the indication of any Error, or Corruption, or the bringing in of any thing new. For if a Prophet, who was an Ephraimitc, had written 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sibbo∣leth, and a Scribe of Jerusalem would have it be read Shibboleth with Shin, he had not corrupted the Text. The matter would come all to one, and the sense remain invi∣olate. Therefore, though some words comply not with the Precepts given by Grammarians, which are conformed onely to the examples of the Bible, and not to the whole extent of the Hebrew Tongue, of which since we have no more monu∣ments, we may well be ignorant of much of the ancient Hebraism: yet such words

are not presently to be rejected as faults and mistakes. Of this sort are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 2 Kings 11.2. and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 v. 4, and 9. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 13.6. and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 v. 17. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 chap. 14.6. Of all which the excellent Author, last mentioned, hath given a Rea∣son from the Analogy of the Arabic; and further shewn, since 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 there, in the middle of Quiescents, is turned into 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, how we come to finde 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Hos. 10.14. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Zechary 14.10. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Ezek. 28.24. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Psa. 27.17. from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Other Arabisms are observed by Hot∣tinger, as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 1 Kings 21.21. * 1.9 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jer. 15.10. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Isai. 28.12. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Numb. 1.47.

V. Hence a fair account may be given of the consonancy of divers quotations in the New Testament to the Hebrew of the Old, though they be cited out of the Greek Version, which is commonly thought in those places to disagree from the Hebrew Text, as we have received it: which Text may herewithall be vindicated from any such Alterations, or various Lections, as some fancy to have happened to it in those instances. Thus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jer. 31.32. * 1.10 which we translate, I was an Husband to them, the Seventy (and after them the Apostle in Heb. 8.9.) render 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

And to the same sense the Syriac Inter∣preter: these following the Arabic use of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 fastidire, nauseare, though in that Tongue it also signifie dominum esse, & maritari.

So 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Isaiah 28.16. [in our Translation, Shall not make haste] is turn∣ed by the LXX. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and so ex∣pressed by Peter, 1 Pet. 2.6. and by Paul, Rom. 9.33. and 10.11. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Shall not be ashamed, because 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (as the Arabic informs us) signifies as well to be ashamed, as to make haste; and likewise to fear: which last sense both the Chaldee and Syriac express in that place.

Again, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Hab. 1.5. of which later Interpreters have gi∣ven this sense, Behold ye among the hea∣then, and wonder marvellously; according to the LXX, and the Apostle in Acts 13.41. have a different import: viz. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish. And that because they took not 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for a compound word, as others since have done, but for a simple one, descended from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 injurius fuit, superbe vel insolenter se gessit, which is retained in the Arabic: in which Language 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 also signifies to be cor∣rupted, and altered for the worse, whence

it is rendred by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, perish.

Further, in Hab. 2.4. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 common∣ly rendred is lifted up, by the LXX, and the Apostle in Heb. 10.38. is expressed by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which imports a drawing back, or being remiss, a sense well agree∣ing to the Verb 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as may appear from the Arabic.

He, that desires to see these Observati∣ons more largely prosecuted, may consult the accurate Author of the Notae Miscel∣laneae before cited; and learn moreover from him, how 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Psal. 19.5. may sig∣nifie 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as the Apostle (after the LXX.) represents it Rom. 10.18.

VI. Skill in this Language is requisite to the understanding of the Arabic Versi∣ons of the Old and New Testament, which conduce to the clearing of the genuine sense of Scripture; as Hottinger shews at large in his Analecta, Dissert. 2, and 6. What use Beza and De Dieu make there∣of, may be seen in their Annotations.

VII. An Insight into the Arabic may contribute much to Historical purposes. As,

1. To explicate those Rites and Cu∣stoms of the ancient Arabians, which Scrip∣ture hath frequent respect to; as may ap∣pear from many Instances, mentioned in the

sixth Chapter of this Treatise, concerning the usefulness of History. And particular∣ly from Ezek. 21.21. To which place Mr. * 1.11 Pocock hath given light, by acquaint∣ing us with the Arabian manner of Divina∣tion, used by them when they were to take a journey, marry, or perform some other business of great moment. They had three arrows in a little vessel, upon one of which was written to this effect, My Lord hath bidden me; upon another, My Lord hath forbidden; the third had no mark. He, that went to consult, pulled out one of these; if it happened to be the first, then he went forward chearfully, as if he had been admonished by God; but if the second, he desisted; if the last, which was without any writing, he put it in again, till he should be directed by the coming forth of one of the other. And here it may be noted, that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 commonly rendred by tersit, Hierom explains by commiscuit, which comes near the Arabic notion of the same word, com∣movit, agitavit; which sense it seems to have here in the place mentioned, from their agitation and confused mingling of their lots or arrows. He shaked together the arrows: not, he made them bright.

2. To understand those Arabic wri∣tings, which illustrate the Ecclesiastical

History, both of Jews and Christians. * 1.12 See Hotting. Analect. Dissert. 6. p. 257. 292. and his Histor. Orient. l. 2. c. 2. and o∣thers, which declare the rise and success of Mahometism, its Principles and Constituti∣ons; acquaintance with which may have no small influence upon the right explicati∣on of Daniel's Prophecy, and of the Reve∣lation: and give this further advantage (as the same Author (a) 1.13 takes notice) of dis∣cerning what Doctrines and Rites crept in∣to the Church, after the obtaining of that Religion in the world; as, the worshipping of Angels, the Invocation of Saints, the superstitious Consecration of creatures, the Mass, with many others diligently obser∣ved from the Mahometans.

So much may suffice to evince the Uti∣lity of this Tongue, which doth not more urge, then its facility invites to the study of it. For Erpenius (b) 1.14 (who well knew it, as being the great restorer of it in these Western parts) commends it as much ea∣sier then Greek or Latine, yea, or Hebrew, being almost unacquainted with its difficul∣ties, anomalies, and mutations of points. So that there are scarce so many irregular words in all this Language, as are in one only book of the Old Testament.

I shall conclude the whole matter with

the words of that excellent Professor of the Arabic Tongue at Oxford, * 1.15 whose great skill therein renders his testimony of no small weight, where he speaks thus con∣cerning its usefulness. Ego vero, si quid censeam, Theologo adeo utilem existimo, ut si Textum Hebraicum aliquando penitius excutere necessarium ducat, ea sine manifesto veritatis praejudicio, ne dicam dispendio, ca∣rere non possit.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Yn Lex. Ara•••• p. 146.
• * 1.2

  See Pocock. Not. Miscell, pag. 34, 35.
• * 1.3

  See Hotting. Thesaur. Philol. pag. 507. & his Smegma Orien∣tale. li. 1. cap. 7.
• * 1.4

  In Phaleg, lib. 3. cap. 5.
• * 1.5

  See Pocock. not. Miscell. pag. 36, 37. Ad Hebraeae lin∣guae perlectam cognitionem mult•••••• plus confert (Ara∣bica) quam cre∣ditum est hacte∣nus. Quod He∣br••••orum in Scriptutam commentaria docent, qui, quo∣ties haret calcu∣lus, ad hanc linguam confu∣giunt tanquam ad sacram an∣choram. Q••am∣vis longe plu∣ra observassent ex Ara••••smo ad sacri Textus il∣l utrationem, si ••••us linguae fu∣islent peritiores. Bochar••. Phaleg lib. 1. cap 15.
• * 1.6

  Lib. 1. cap. 7. p. 144. 150.
• * 1.7

  See De Dien in locum.
• * 1.8

  In Not. Miscel. cap. 4.
• * 1.9

  In Grammatioa Haemonica, pag. 155.
• * 1.10

  See Pocock, no: Miscel. cap. 1, 2, 3.
• * 1.11

  In Notis Spe∣cim. Hist. Arab. p. 327.
• * 1.12

  Plurimi Orien∣tis Christiani sermone hoc, ip∣sis vernaculo, multa condide∣runt, quae ad varias Ecclesiae vices casusque dignoscendos, & sacram Histo∣riam, splendi∣dam universis facem accen∣dant. Mr. Greaves in Orat. de Ling. Arab. p. 17.
• (a) 1.13

  Smegm. Orient. l. 1. c. 3. p. 54.
• (b) 1.14

  Cited in Proleg. Bibl. Polygl. See M. Greave's Orat. de Ling. Arab. p. 19.
• * 1.15

  Not. Mis. p. 12.