A medicinal dispensatory, containing the vvhole body of physick discovering the natures, properties, and vertues of vegetables, minerals, & animals: the manner of compounding medicaments, and the way to administer them. Methodically digested in five books of philosophical and pharmaceutical institutions; three books of physical materials galenical and chymical. Together with a most perfect and absolute pharmacopoea or apothecaries shop. Accommodated with three useful tables. Composed by the illustrious Renodæus, chief physician to the monarch of France; and now Englished and revised, by Richard Tomlinson of London, apothecary.

The Apothecaries Shop, OR, ANTIDOTARY.

THE SECOND BOOK. Of most selected and approved Purgative Medicaments.

THE PREFACE.

THe multitude of Compounded Purgatives are almost innumerable, their forms multifarious, and their preparations various. We shall here exhibit the most select, best, and approved; and those either in form of a liquid or solid Electuary, as Opiates or Hierae; or in form of Pills and Trochisks: For Pharmacopolists seldome keep Purgatives in form of Pow∣ders or Potions. We shall adde the manner and reason of their confecting, and the quality of the Confection: But we shall withall omit many Purges described by the Ancients, because their use is not salubre, nor a due order observed in their Composition, as admitting of many noxious, useless, and un∣known Medicaments. We shall also neglect many described and invented by late men; who, being covetous of vain-glory, cognominated some after their own Titles, and from a fictitious effect. We shall (I say) relinquish such, and give onely the more select, approved, and useful. We dissect this Treatise into four Sections: In the first whereof we speak of liquid Electuaries; in the third, of solid ones; in the fourth, of Pills; and in the second, of bitter Confections, which Medicks call Hierae.

CHAP. 1. Diacassia. D. N. Praepos.

℞ of the flowers and leaves of Violets, Mallows, Beets, Pellitory, Roman Wormwood, of each m. ss. boyl in lb iiij. of water, till half be consumed: to the Colature adde of Honey lb j. boyl it to the consistence of a liquid Electuary; then mingle with it Gassia lb j. and so make it into an Electuary, and repose it in a fit vessel.

The COMMENTARY.

All do not make Diacassia alike: for some coct the succes of Plants with honeys to a fit crassitude, and then adject the Cassia; others elixate the Plants, and in the colature dilute Cassia and Ho∣ney; and then fervefie the whole mixture, to the consistence of a liquid Electuary. But that manner wherein the Cassia is so long cocted, is disapproveable; but the other, whereby the Canes where∣in the Cassia is contained, are washed in the strained decoction, and afterwards a pound of honey added, and they cocted to a legitimate spissitude, that by the adjection of a pound of Cassia, they may become an Electuary, is very good.

Some, in stead of honey, mix sugar therewith; others, both: some adde Manna; others, Senny; others, other Medicaments: and so confect various Electuaries of Cassia, whereunto I assent not. For it is enough, that we have Diacassia made according to the pre∣script for Glysters; and if the pith of Cassia must be assumed at the mouth, it may be extracted fresh, and taken alone, or mixed with other Medicaments, as the Medick requires.

But Aegyptian or Oriental Cassia should be selected, which is without redly black, and within full of a fat, medullous, and black matter; which is of force to contemperate heat, wash the Belly, and gently purge the Body; and may thence be securely given to Boyes, Old-men, and pregnant Women: for it subduces the Belly without molestation; but it is thought procurative of flatulency, and therefore many educe its pith in the vapour of cocted Anise or Fennel; others mix some Cinamon with it: and Coraeus gives it with some grains of Berberries, to such as have weak Intestines.

I hear of a new kinde of Cassia brought from Brasile; a half ounce whereof doth more move the Belly, and copiously educe hu∣mours, then a whole ounce of the vulgar and oriental.

Diacassia is a benign Medicament, and purges clemently: it al∣layes the heat of the Mesentery, gently moves the Belly, hu∣mectates its siccity, and by lubrication and detersion, deposes the excrements by stool.

CHAP. 2. Electuarium lenitivum; or, The lenitive Electuary.

℞ of Polypody of the Oak, Senny picked, Raisins stoned, of each ℥ ij. Mercury m.j.ss. Barley, Maiden-hair, Violets, of each m.ss. Juju∣bees, Sebestens, of each num. xx. Prunes stoned, Tamarinds, of each ʒ vj. Liquorice ʒ ss. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water, till a third part be consumed: to the Colature, adde Pulp of Cassia-Fistu∣la, Tamarinds, Prunes, Loaf-sugar, and Sugar of Violets, of each ℥ vj. Senny powdred ℥ iij. ss. make it into an Electuary according to Art.

The COMMENTARY.

The Raisins which ingrede this confection, should be purged from their stones: if white Adiantum, or true Maidens-hair cannot be had, Polytrichum may be substituted in its stead. Conserve of Vio∣lets, or Sugar of Violets, may be mixed at pleasure. He that judges Conserves inept in Electuaries, may adde Anise or sweet Fennel-seed, or a little Cinamon: yet this Electuary hath hitherto been confected without any of them, and the users have not found any molestation from flatulency.

The fruits whose pulps must be educed, must be humectated in a part of the prepared decoction; another part thereof with sugar must be made into a Syrupe, and the pulps with sugar of Violets, mixed with it while hot: then must an ounce and an half, or at least an ounce and three dragms of well-levigated Senny, be added to every pound of the Composition; whereof they say Rhasis is Au∣thor.

This lenitive Electuary, thus cognominated from its effect, * 1.1 levi∣fies, mollifies, and subduces the Belly; educes all obvious, but espe∣cially pituitous and melancholical humours, without molestation: it helps against the Pleurisie, and other pectoral affections.

The Florentine Medicks describe another, by the name of the Magisterial Electuary; which admits of Turpentine, Ginger, and Scammony; which our Shop may well be without.

CHAP. 3. Electuarium Catholicum; or, The Catholical Electuary.

℞ of Polypody of the Oak well bruised lb j. pure water lb ix. boyl them together, till a third part be consumed; and in two parts of the deco∣coction, let there be boyled Sugar lb viij. to which adde pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds, madefied with the other part of the decoction, of the leaves of Senny, of each ℥ viij. of the best Rhabarb, Polypody, sweet Fennel-seeds, Violets, of each ℥ iiij. of the four greater cool seeds, of each ℥ j. Liquorice, Penidees, Sugar-Candy, of each ℥ ss. make into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

That this universal Antidote may be duly confected, many things must be brayed, and prepared apart; and first of all, Polypody, which being twice assumed, must be bifariously prepared. In the first course it must be brayed only pretty grosly; in the second, it must be levigated very small: that which is onely contunded, must be long cocted in the prescribed, or sufficient quantity of water; and a Sy∣rupe must be made of two parts of its colature and sugar.

The Tamarinds and Cassia must be humectated with the rest, that their pulps may be more easily separated and secerned.

The Rhabarb must be brayed alone; the Senny, Liquorice, Fen∣nel, and Violets, both alone and together; twice as much of the Syrupe of Violets, may be mixed in stead of the Violets: the four cold seeds must be excorticated, and minutely cut with a Pen-knife; then must the Penidia and Sugar be pulverated; then must all be put together, and agitated with a ligneous Pestel or Rudicle, till they become an Electuary of a legitimate consistence.

And the composition of this solemn Medicament is not onely va∣rious, but there are also various opinions concerning its Author: for Sylvius seems to ascribe the invention thereof to Galen; Jouber∣tus, to Nicolaus Myrepsicus; Bauderonius, to Nicolaus Salernitanus; Adolphus Occon, to Nicolaus Praepositus; Valer. Cordus, to Nicolaus Ale∣xandrinus; who indeed hath described it, but not as it is vulgarly made.

But none know certainly, to which of these to attribute its inven∣tion: but all call it Nicolaus his Catholicum, not adding his Sirname.

Now this Medicament is called Catholical, or Universal, either because it expurges all humours, or because it draws them from all parts of the Body.

That which is made according to this prescript, is called Simple Catholicum, in reference to the more compound; which receives twice as much Rhabarb and Senny; yet neither of them substan∣tially, or in powder, ingrede that same, as they do this simple Ca∣tholicum: but the Senny is cocted, and the Rhabarb infused, and its expression joyned with the mixture; which formed into an Ele∣ctuary, is called Catholicum Duplicatum.

Many coct Anise and Fennel, and others Coriander-seed, with Polypody, to discuss its flatuosity: but there is Fennel enough in the description, to effect this; so that there is no need to congest so many Medicaments of the same faculty together. If any like not Anise, he may in its stead substitute sweet Fennel or Coriander, or an equal weight of each: yea, any may adde some Cinamon, to make it more grateful, and it will be of good consequence. The rest I leave to the old description, which most Medicks approve of, and prefer before many purges: which to pervert, as Rondeletius hath done, were a piece of a piacle.

Some keep a certain Catholicum in their shops for Glysters, dif∣ferent from the common one, onely in this, that it admits of one∣ly old and worse Rhabarb, and is confected with Honey in stead of Sugar.

That which is very purgative, wherein Apothecaries put Turpen∣tine, Coloquintida, and Hermodactyls, is not good.

I hear of some that make a more liquid Catholicon, onely of Sy∣rupe, and the infusion of some pulps: but its faculties being very imbecile, and not respondent to the scope of the Author, whoever first made it, I think it is not now kept or prepared.

Fernelius gives more descriptions of Catholicum: one whereof, amongst other things, receives Hellecampane, Hyssop, Ginger, Ci∣namon, Nutmeg, and Honey; another amongst Purgatives, Aga∣rick, Turpentine, and Diacridium: which compositions, made by a perite artificer, are good; but they are seldome kept in shops.

Let that then which we have, according to the Ancients minde here described, be continually kept for the true Catholicum in each Pharmacopoly.

It clemently and gently purges all humours, cures Fevers, * 1.2 and acute diseases, especially such as proceed from the prave disposition of the Spleen and Liver.

CHAP. 4. Diaprunum, seu Diadamascenum simplex; or, Simple Dia∣prunum, or Diadamascenum. D.N.Myr.

℞ of fresh and ripe Damask-Prunes, n. 100. boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water, till they grow soft; then let them be pulped through a hair-sieve: In the percolated Colature, boyl the flowers of Violets ℥ j. In the Colature, dissolve Sugar lb ij. boyl them into a Syrupe; to which adde the pulp of the aforesaid Prunes, inspissated by it self lb j. of the pith of Cassia and Tamarinds, of each ℥ j. then sprinkle in these following Powders; viz. White Sanders, red Sanders, Rhabarb, of each ʒ iij. Roses, Violets, the seeds of Purslain, Endive, Berber∣ries, Juyce of Liquorice, Thraganth, of each ʒ ij. of the four greater cool seeds, of each ʒ j. make it into an Electuary according to Art.

The COMMENTARY.

The description of this Electuary, shews the manner of its con∣fection, which indeed is the best: though some make it otherwise, who wash and elixate not onely the pulps of Plums and Tamarinds, but of Cassia also, to the consistence of Honey with a Syrupe: whereunto they afterwards adde the Powders, that, together with its desired faculty, it may acquire its legitimate consistence.

But all agree not about the quantity of Violets: for some, ac∣cording to Nic. Myrepsus his decree, take onely half an ounce, others

an ounce and a half: we, aiming at the mean, take one ounce, to be a little cocted in the strained decoction of the Plums. Some, be∣sides the Authors intention, adde Cinamon; but we think it unfit for a lenitive and refrigerative Medicament.

And we judge no otherwise of Berberries-seeds, though we know that they are roborative: for Diaprunum may easily be without their help, seeing it admits of Rhabarb and Roses, which are farre more roborative, and seeing its main faculty should rather be leni∣tive then roborative.

But that they call Spodium, is not once to be thought of in this confection, because the Grecian Spodium is noxious, and the Ara∣bian cannot be had, and is withall inconvenient; as also Antispo∣dium, which being nothing but burnt Ivory, hath no affinity with the burnt Roots of Cane, which Avicenna calls Spodium: as we have shewed in our third Book of Medicinal Matter, Chap. 11.

CHAP. 5. Diaprunum compositum seu laxativum; or, The Compound or laxative Diaprunum. D.N.Myr.

℞ of the simple Diaprunum afore-prescribed lb j. Scammony prepared ℥ ss. mingle them, and make them into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Both the sorts of Diaprunum are compounded and laxative, but the simple not admitting of Diacridium, subduces the Belly easily, scarce moving the first region of the Body: the other, which ad∣mitting of Diagridium, moves the Belly potently, and deduces hu∣mours from all parts, is called the more compound.

Onely one ounce of Diacridium, is added to each pound of the simple Diaprunum: so that one ounce of the Electuary, contains but one scruple of the same. Nic. Salernitanus doth perversly aug∣ment the weight of the Diacridium, mixing seven dragms thereof, with each pound of the Electuary: for so its purgative faculty be∣comes more efferous, and its use more unsafe. Diacridium must be levigated very small, and put to the Electuary while hot.

This Diaprunum, * 1.3 besides those qualities it hath common with the other, purges potently, and yet without molestation: it is suc∣cessfully used in the diseases of the Reins and Bladder, in Fevers, and all calid affections.

CHAP. 6. Diaphoenicum, seu Confectio de Dactylis; or, Diaphoenicum, or Confection of Dates. D.Mes.

℞ of Dates not perfectly ripe, macerated three dayes in Vinegar ʒ 100. Penidees ʒ l. of the best Turbith ʒ xxx. Diagridium ʒ xij. Ginger, Long Pepper, Rue dryed, Cinamon, Mace, Lignum Aloes, the seeds of Anise, Fennel, Carret, Galangal, of each ʒ ij. Honey despumed lb ss. or as much as will suffice to bring it into the consistency of a solid Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Seeing Dates of a perfect magnitude, and not absolutely mature, are somewhat flave, there is no need of this word Kirron in the pre∣script, which vulgar Apothecaries usually adde: for if they derive it from the Greeks, it signifies flave; if from the Barbarians, who write it Kheyron, it signifies immature; or rather, as it is most cre∣dible, Chayrum, a Town or Field where best Dates grow: which one Saladinus, a Triobolar writer, seems to avouch, when he saith, that Keiron is a Province of the Sarazens. Seeing there is no need to seek immature Dates for this confection, when mature ones will make it astrictive enough, and castigate Scammony: yet I think, That neither absolutely immature, nor yet mature ones, but indifferent betwixt both, are best.

But before they ingrede the composition, they should be purged from their pills and stones, cut into pieces, and macerated in a small quantity of Vinegar, onely a day, if they be soft; if not, two or three, and that in an earthen pot; then must they be brayed in a Marble-Morter; then trajected through a cernicle, and afterwards elixated with despumed honey, till their vinegar be dissipated.

Some macerate Dates in Hydromel, others in white-wine; but they are fitter to the temper of Aromata's, and attenuate Phlegm, which are macerated in vinegar.

The Penidia must be of Barley, which are made of Sugar and Barley-water, cocted to an idoneous crassitude.

Turbith, Wood-Aloes, Galangal, Ginger, and other Simples, must be pulverated. Almorids must first be incided small with a knife, and then levigated with Penidees; then all the Powders may be mixed together, except Scammony, which must be brayed apart, and last of all mixed with them; not to thrice as much Honey, as Cordus holds, but to half a pound.

For thus much honey, suffices the Dates, Penidia and Almonds being all sweet; whose weight in all, is one pound, nine ounces and three dragms; the weight of the other Powders, eight ounces and six dragms: which put together, make two pounds and an half;

which, with half a pound of despumed honey, constitutes three pounds, or thirty six ounces: so that for each ounce of the com∣pound, there is a scruple of Diacridium.

Perhaps this quantity of honey, may not to some seem copious enough to receive the Powders, nor just to bring the Electuary to a legitimate consistence; especially seeing Bauderonius, most perite in Pharmacy, takes thirteen ounces and an half of honey; Bern. Dis∣sennius, two pounds; Joan. Costa, two pounds and eight ounces; and Rondeletius, six pounds: But Dates, Penidia, and Almonds, supply∣ing Honey's office, the quantity we have defined may be enough, which by augmentation makes the vertue of the compound more imbecile.

Some weigh the Dates after they are macerated in vinegar; others take (and that better) their weight according to Mesu's definition, before their maceration; and then infuse, then bray and prepare them, as we have declared. This Medicament is denominated from them, as from its basis: which yet some call Diaturbith, because Turbith is most prepotent amongst the Purgatives, which ingrede its composition; because of which, this Medicament is Phlegma∣gogous.

Diaphoenicum, * 1.4 or confection of Dates, doth clemently and safely purge phlegm and choler, cures Belly-ach, cholick, and all diseases from crude and pituitous humours, diuturnal also, and pituitous Fevers.

He that hath this Medicament, may well be without both the Indo's.

CHAP. 9. Electuarium de Psyllo; or, Electuary of Fleawort. D.M.

℞ of the depurated Juyces of Bugloss, Borrage, Endive, and Smallage, of each lb ij. the Juyce of Fumatory ℥ iij. mingle them, and macerate in them a whole day, of the leaves of Senny ℥ j. Anise-seed, Dodder, Asarabacca, of each ℥ ss. Maiden-hair, m.j. Spikenard ʒ ij. Let all these be fervefied together; to which adde, of Violets ℥ iij. * 1.5 Dodder of Thyme ℥ ij. Boyl them a little, afterwards let them be strained; and infuse in the Colature for 24 hours, of the whole seeds of Fleabit ℥ iij. Let them be agitated well in the mixture, afterwards strained, and to lb iiij. of the Colature, adde of white Sugar lb ij. ss. Boyl it to a little above the consistence of a Syrupe; and while it is hot, mingle of Diagridium sinely sifted ℥ iij. Trochisks of Diarrhodon Abbatis, de Antispodio, and of Rhabarb, of each ℥ j. Troches of Berberries, Conserve of Violets, of each ℥ ss. and so make it into an Ele∣ctuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Many commend this Medicament, when congested and compoun∣ded; but few celebrate the Simples whereof it consists; scarce two amongst a hundred keep to one proportion, or make it after one manner: for, some augment, some detract, and many change the weight; but we, in the apparation of this Medicament, hold the words of no Authors for Oracles, but according to the dictate of Reason, change somewhat of that our Author prescribed: For in stead of the succe of wilde Bugloss, we substitute the succe of Gar∣den Bugloss, or rather Borrage, as better; in stead of half an ounce of Senny, which could be of no remarkable potency, we put a whole ounce; in stead of three ounces and an half of Scammony, we onely admit of three, that each scruple thereof, might respond to each ounce of the composition: For we judge, that its purgative faculty will thus be valid enough. We do not institute cocted Dia∣cridium, to be recocted in a Quince, lest its vertue be obtunded.

We have added Conserve of Violets, that it might be more leni∣tive: we admit of onely half an ounce of Asarabacca, in stead of Mesue's four. But it may be that weight was changed by the Prin∣ter, mistaking ʒ iiij. for ℥ iiij. Polytrichum may be substituted in de∣fect of Maidens-hair: the manner of preparation is apparent e∣nough in the description.

Now if any admire why Mesue, designing a venenate quality to Fleawort, should put it in so great quantity in this Medicament, whereof it is the Basis: I answer, That that might happen to him, which many grave men have not avoided, to wit, to speak something precipitantly, which better thoughts, and further knowledge, might castigate and change: But however he thought, Fleawort is not deletery, and therefore accedes this Electuary, which is of much use.

This Electuary doth not onely temper, but purge choler, * 1.6 helps in acute Fevers, and all hot and dangerous diseases, cures the Ver∣tigo, and all such capital affections as proceed from the ascent or congestion of hot humours, and helps the hot or obstructed Liver, and other affections flowing from that fountain.

CHAP. 8. Benedicta laxativa; or, The blessed laxative. D.N. Salern.

℞ of Turbith, Radix, Esulae prepared, of each ʒ x. Diagridium, Her∣modactyls, Rose-leaves, of each ʒ v. Ginger, Galangal, Cloves, Car∣damomes, Amomus, or in its defect Acorus, Long-Pepper, Mace, Spike∣nard, Saffron, the seeds of Smallage, Caraway, Fennel, Saxafrage, Gromwell, Asparagrass, Butchers-broom, Sal Gemme, of each ʒ j. of despumed honey lb j. and ℥ viij. ss. to make it up into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Before the root of Esula be brayed, and used as it should, it must be macerated four and twenty hours in Vinegar; then exsiccated, and pulverated with Turbith, Spikenard cut small, Ginger, the les∣ser Galangal, and Hermodactyle: when these are half brayed, the Aromata's must be mixed with them, and all of them levigated to∣gether: onely Salt, Saffron, Sugar, and Scammony, must be pre∣pared apart.

The weight of the Powders, without Salt and Sugar, is ʒ lij. and thrice as much despumed honey must be put thereto, that the confe∣ction may be of a legitimate consistence; which benignly sub∣duces the Belly.

Their opinion must be rejected, who think that Diagridium must either be lessened in quantity, or quite substracted, lest the Medi∣cament become too Cholagogous: for there concurring three Phlegmagogous Purgatives, this quantity is well defined, both to excite the slow faculty of Turbith, and to purge some choler with the phlegm.

It doth not onely draw these humours from the first region of the Body, * 1.7 but from the Reins also, and remoter parts. It absolves ob∣structions, expels all viscid humours, and moves phlegm from the articles.

CHAP. 9. Electuarium, seu confectio Hamech. Des. Fernel.

℞ of the barks of Citrian, Myrobolans ℥ ij. Chebulans, Indian, of each ℥ j. ss. of Violets, Coloquintida, Polypody, of each ℥ j. ss. of Wormwood, Thyme, of each ℥ ss. of the seeds of Anise, Fennel, Rose-leaves, of each ʒ iij. after they are well bruised, let them be macerated a whole day in lb ij. of Whey; afterwards boyled to lb j. then make a strong expression: and to the Colature, adde of the Juyce of Fumatory, pulp of Prunes, and Raisins stoned, of each lb ss. of white Sugar, and of Honey despumed, of each lb j. boyl them to the consistency of Ho∣ney; then sprinkle in these powders: of Agarick, and Senny, of each ℥ ij. of Rhabarb ℥ j. ss. Epithimus ℥ j. Diagridium ʒ vj. Cinamon ℥ ss. Ginger ʒ ij. the seeds of Fumatory and Anise, Spikenard, of each ʒ j. make it into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Fernelius hath well castigated and changed this Electuary, pre∣serving its vertue entire, and reducing its description into an easier form: for, as Plantius saith, Myrobolambs twice decocted, and then brayed and imposed, are frustraneous. Rhabarbs faculty pe∣rishes

by coction; Cassia, Manna, and Tamarinds, by coction corrupt: Diagridium also, when cocted, is without vertue, nor ea∣sily commiscible: and yet by Mesue's ancient description, these were all thus prepared, and confusedly mixed, without art or order. Wherefore we have extracted this description from Fernelius, as being much better when made, and much casier to make, without which, no Pharmacopoly should be once found: And notwith∣standing this same Rhythmical admonition of a certain Versifica∣tor:

Non eris illusus, teneas si quod tenet usus.

When the use is prave, it must be changed; and that mutation is good, which is from good to better.

Mesue requires to this confection, the Whey of Goats-milk, but defines not how much: yet we may assume the Whey of Asses milk in its stead; and if that be wanting, of Cows-milk: in two pounds whereof, the Simples must be macerated and cocted, and they will depose their faculties therein. The pulps of Raisins and Plums must be dissolved in the colature; the Honey, Sugar and succe of Fumatory, must be all cocted therein, above the consistence of a Syrupe: the rest must be added as the description shews; it is easie enough.

This confection purges both the Biles, and salt phlegm; * 1.8 and thence conduces to the Canker, Leprosie, Raving, Melancholy, Tet∣ter, Itch, Scab, and such cutaneous affections.

Barber-Chirurgeons use this, to purge all such as are infected with the French disease; as though all had one temper, and but one humour peccant in all men. But such of them as boast more glo∣tiously, and are by conference with Medicks something more pru∣dent, acknowledge the matter peccant in this disease, to be various, according to the various natures of the diseased.

CHAP. 10. Tryphera solutiva.

℞ of Diagridium ʒ x. of the best Turbith ℥ j. of the lesser Cardamomes, Cloves, Cinamon, Mace, of cach ʒ iij. yellow Sanders, Liquorice, and sweet Fennel-seed, of each ℥ ss. * 1.9 Acorus, Squinant, of each ʒ j. the bark of Citron condited, Rose-leaves, of each ʒ iij. of Violets ʒ ij. of Penidees ℥ iiij. Loaf-sugar lb ss. the whitest Honey despumed in the Juyce of Apples lb j. with which make it into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

The acception of the word Tryphera, seems to be contrarily ta∣ken by Mesue; whose Trypherae, as he describes them, are not deli∣cate, as the word denotes, but grateful in colour and sapour, and

incommendable in faculties, I exhibit one indued with all these dowries; for its sapour is very grateful, its colour pleasant, and its faculties eximious, and easily tolerable, by such as need them.

We leave out Ginger, which was wont to be added to Turbith, because we have accumulated many Aromata's, to castigate its se∣rity, which are more sweet and cordial; which also abate of the fury of Diagridium, especially Roses, Violets, and Santals, which allay also the heat of the Aromata's: Penidia are added for miti∣gation, Sugar for suavity, and Honey for conservation.

Anton. Landaeus, an Apothecary of Paris, made it after this form faithfully as I have described it, and exhibited it by my advice to many sick people, who without any insuavity to the mouth, subver∣sion to the stomack, or torsion to the Belly, were thereby successfully purged, and securely liberated from their diseases.

It is most commodious to such who abound with many bilious and pituitous excrements, and can take no purgative Medicaments, but grateful ones: for this confection is not insuave, and yet it potently subduces the Belly, removes obstructions, purges crass and viseid humours, helps compounded Fevers, and all such diseases as arise from phlegm and bile: But it is not so good in the heat of Sum∣mer, unless it be drunk in some validly-refrigerative decoction, or other such liquor.

CHAP. 11. Diabalzemer; seu Electuarium Sennatum.

℞ of the roots of Succory, Bugloss, Polypody of the Oak, the bark of the roots of Capers, Grass-roots, Liquorice, Currans, of each ʒ vj. Ma∣den-hair, Mules-fern, Ceterach, Dodder, Mugwort, Fumatory, Egri∣mony, Betony, Balm, the flowers of Broom and Violets, of each m. ss. Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water, till lb iij. of the Colature remains; in which infuse and boyl, of the leaves of Senny, the seeds of Carret and Coriander, of each ʒ j. ss. black Hellebore, Turbith, of each ℥ j. ss. Cloves ʒ ij. boyl these, till a third part of the Liquor be consumed: to the Colature, adde lb j. ss. of the Sugar; which again boyl, till it comes to above the consistency of a Syrupe: to which adde the infusion of ℥ ss. of choyce of Rhabarb in Steel-water, strongly ex∣pressed forth; then adde of the Powders of Senny ℥ ij. of Lapis La∣zuli prepared, Cinamon, of each ℥ ss. Sassafras, ℥ j. Pyony-roots, Tamaris, Epithimus, the middle bark of Ash, of each ʒ ij. Sem. Agni Casti, Roman Gith, Spikenard, of each ʒ ij. Rosemary, Stoechados, of each ʒ ij. Make it into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Each disease hath its praesidy, but every Dispensatory suppedi∣tates

not a Salve for every sore: We shall endeavour now to adde something, wherein many have been defective, and afford an auxi∣liary for the Hypochondriacal; who, as yet, have been either over∣looked, or taken for desperate. This Medicament is concinnated for the affections of the Hypochondriacal, Histerical, Melancholical, and such as venery hath proclaimed French-men. It is named Dia∣lalzemer, from Senny its Basis, which the Arabians call Albazemer; then which, no Medicament is more melanagogous, nor purge more tolerable. This we mix partly in Powder, partly in infusion, with such things as discuss flatulency, attenuate humours, remove infar∣ctures, roborate the spleen, liver, and bowels, recreate the facul∣ties, respect the Uterus, obtund some malign quality, and securely propel humours long since congested; not onely melancholical and contumacious ones, but viscid and pituitous also, which sometimes put on the habit of Melancholly, and some adust bilious humours: and therefore we adde Rhabarb and Turbith, that we may with the Melancholical Captain-humour, educe the Pituitous, his compa∣nion inseparable, and also the Bilious, which is pedissequous.

And because this Medicament most respects melancholy, we have selected black Hellebore for this black humour; rejecting the white, as more convenient for Phlegm.

The manner of its preparation is easie, and sufficiently demon∣strated in the description. But before all be congested into the composition, the Azure-stone calls for some preparation; as thus:

A sufficient quantity thereof must be taken, brayed in a Metal∣line Morter, washed with common water, dryed in the Sun or hot ashes; then again washed and dryed; and so again, and again, till the water remain limpid; then must it be dryed, and that not ten, but, if need be, twenty times; then let it be washed four, five, or more times in cordial waters; then let it be dryed, and kept for use. For thus its malign quality perishes, and its purgative e∣vades conqueror. In the confection of Alkermes it is burnt, and its purgative faculty exhaled, its cordial onely then remaining, whereof there is use.

Diabalzemer doth miraculoussy help the Splenical, * 1.10 Melancholi∣cal, Hypochondriacal, Maniacal, Epileptical, Histerical, and Ele∣phantical: This frees Widows from their foetid colours for want of concourse; and venereous Indians from their scarlet Noses, con∣tracted by contract.

CHAP. 12. Hydragogum Eximium.

℞ of the roots of Orris, Reed, Grass, the barks of the roots of Capers, Asarabacca, Caraway, of each ʒ vj. Pimpinel, * 1.11 Maiden-hair, E∣grimony, Ceterach, Mugwort, of each m.j. of the flowers of the Peach∣tree m. ss. Boyl them in a sufficient quantity of water: In the Cola∣ture

infuse and boyl a little, of the leaves of Senny ℥ ij. of the seeds of Carret ℥ ij. boyl the decoction, till it comes to a pinte; to which adde Juyce of Damask-Roses lb ss. Sugar lb ss. Honey despumed in the de∣coction ℥ x. boyl them to a Syrupe: to which adde these following pow∣ders, Manna ℥ ij. Turbith, * 1.12 Milkwort prepared, of each ℥ j. ss. Ginger ʒ j. Water-flag, Calamus, Aromaticus, of each ʒ j. Mechoa∣can ℥ ij. the seeds of Dwarf-eldern ℥ ss. and of Sea-Coleworts ʒ iij. Cinamon ʒ ij. make it up into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Many descriptions we have, which smell more of confusion, then composition, whose effects shew their brangling Authors; and therefore we reject many liquid Electuaries, as either unaccommo∣dated for cure, by their ill composure; or obsolete, for want of cu∣stome; picking out such as are better described, and more appro∣ved by their sanative effects: As, besides the two former which we have added, this also, which for its excellence is called, The eximi∣ous Hydragogal Electuary, which we desire may be alwayes in Pharmacopolies, that it may be ready to open the sluce when the river is stopped, and the banks almost over-run; lest the hy∣droptical be without praesidy, and drown his vitals in his watty Belly. And because we would have this Medicament perfect, we have added such things as will emend the distemper, remove the ob∣structions, and roborate the whole of the Spleen and Liver, from which the hydroptical get much of his evil. We have also added some, to discuss flatuosity, and awaken the native calour; Besides many more, which duly prepared, become hydragogous. The form demonstrates the manner of their preparation.

This may be safely given to such as labour under the Dropsie; * 1.13 for it educes watry humours without violence; and is a most accom∣modate Purgative for all diseases arising from thence.

The Parisian common people used to flock to a woman-Pharma∣copolist, who gave them a certain Powder, to purge the hydroptical of their watry and serous humours; but few or none recovered.

SECT. II. Of Hierae.

SOme Purgative Compounds were for their excellent effects, by the Greeks called Hierae, that is, Holy, and Great; for they are indued with great vertues, and cure great diseases: but they are most vulgarly denominated from some famous Author; as,

CHAP. 1. Hiera Picra, seu Dialoe Galeni.

lb of Cinamon, Mace, Asarum, Spikenard, Saffron, Mastick, Squinant, of each ʒ vj. Aloes not washed ʒ 100. or lb j. and ℥ ss. the best Ho∣ney despumed, the treble quantity, or lb iiij. make it into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

This Hiera is, by Galen its Author, called Picra, that is, amare, because of the Aloes, which is its Basis; from which it mutuates its Purgative faculty. We retain the old composition, save that in stead of Xylobalsum, which is scarce to be had, we, by Fernelius his advice, substitute Mace; and for the flowers of the sweet Rush, which are not brought to us, the Rush it self: and so we keep to the quantity which Galen, or rather Andromachus, prescribed to be mixed with the Aloes.

This Hiera Picra was most usual at Rome; besides other two, which Galen sometimes used; in which he detracted, changed, or at plea∣sure added what exigence called for. But now they are obsolete.

But this yet remains entire, except it be for the wood of Balm, which some take out, and substitute nothing; others the surcles of Lentisks; and others, the fruit of Balm: which is equally rare, therefore no good substitute. But Mace or Sweet-cane may well succeed in its room, and the Hiera no whit less efficacious. Galen is perhibited its Author, rather because he celebrated it, then in∣vented it. It is easie to make: the Mastick, Aloes and Saffron must first be brayed a part, then the rest; and afterwards the ingredients must all be mixed in despumed honey, that they may acquire the spissitude of an Electuary.

It califies, incides, attenuates, dryes, deterges, * 1.14 removes obstru∣ctions, expurges bilious, pituitous, crass, and viscid humours: it conduces miraculously, helps the affections of the Ventricle, Me∣sentery, Liver, Head, and Junctures: to each ounce of the com∣pound, put ℈ ij. and g. i. ss. and of the Powder of the rest, g.xv.

CHAP. 2. Hiera Picra with Agarick.

℞ of the species of Hierae without Aloes, Agarick trochiscated, of each ℥ ss. Aloes not washed ℥ j. Honey despumed a treble quantity, or ℥ vj. make it into an Electuary according to Art.

The COMMENTARY.

This Hierae consists of two benign purgative Medicaments; the one Aloes, which is Cholagogous; the other Agarick, which is Phlegmagogous: For two humours might be too hard for one Me∣dicament; therefore to a mixt distemper, we prescribe a mixt cure, or a compound of mixt qualities. And because Galens Hiera Picra is often given to the affections of the Ventricle and Brain, wherein much of crass phlegm lodges, as well as Bile, we have described this Hiera with Agarick, that it may expurge all at once. It is made as the precedent, whose powder is often kept in Pharmacopolies, and when use requires, mixt with Aloes and Honey, or with Aloes, Honey, and Agarick, as the Medicks scope requires.

But that which admits of Agarick, * 1.15 is useful to many things: for it educes all, but chiefly crass and viscid phlegm, and putrid Bile; it incides humours, takes away infarctures, exonerates the Mesentery, purges the ventricle, resarciates the appetite, helps coction, educes noxious humours from the brain, and cures the Epilepsie, Vertigo and Viligance.

CHAP. 3. Hiera Pachii; or, Pacchius his Hiera. D. Scribon.

℞ of Stoechados, Horehound, Germander, Agarick, Coloquintida, of each ʒ x. Opoponax, Sagapenum, Parsley seeds, long Birthwort, white Pepper, of each ʒ v. Cinamon, Spikenard, Myrrhe, Indian leaf, Saffron, of each ℥ ss. Honey despumed a treble quantity, or lb iij. mingle them according to Art into an Electuary.

The COMMENTARY.

Oribasius attributes this Hiera to Ruffius; Paulus, to Archigenus; Scribonius Largus, to Pacchius: yet he was not the first Author, but a prudent celebrator thereof, who getting much lucre thereby, kept it to himself as a hidden Secret, till his death: When he was dead, its description, as it is here given, was brought to Tiberius Caesar; from whom Scribonius got it, who before that time was by no art able to extort it. Aetius calls it sometimes the Hiera of Archi∣genus,

sometimes of Antiochus; and we call it Pacchius his Hierae: and it is thus made:

Sarpagenum, Opopanax, and Myrrhe, must be macerated a whole night in Hydromel or Wine, rather then Vinegar; then trajected through a strong strainer, that all their impurer parts may be se∣cerned, afterwards mixed with despumed honey, together with other pulverated simples: but Saffron, Agarick, and Coloquin∣tida, must be brayed apart; and in the pulveration of Coloquin∣tida, a drop or two of Oyl put to it, that its vertue may not exhale, and that its pulveration may be more facile: yet its pulp must onely be assumed, and white Horehound rather then black.

Pacchius his Hiera is efficacious to many things: * 1.16 for it cures the Epileptical, the furious, vertiginous, cephalalgicous, suspirious, anhelant, comatous, and such as are obnoxious to the Incubus, and other affections of the eyes, ears, and head. It purges also the sto∣mack, emends the affections of the Liver, takes away the sand in the spleen, and diminishes its hardness; auxiliates the diseases of the in∣testines, discusses or opens imposthumes, either already made there, or in making; and moves fluors in such women as can hardly be purged.

CHAP. 4. Hiera Diacolocynthidos magist. or, The Magisterial Hiera of Diacolocynthis.

℞ of pulp of Coloquintida ℥ j. Agarick, black Hellebore, of each ℥ ss. Aloes ʒ x. Diagridium, Polypody, Mastick, Opoponax, Bdellium, Sa∣gapenum, of each ʒ ij. of the roots of Enula-campane, Cyprus, Ange∣lica, Cloves, Cinamon, Mace, Bay-berries, Juniper-berries, Carda∣momes, Majoran, Stoechados, Saffron, Spikenard, of each ʒ j. Rose∣leaves ʒ iij. Honey despumed lb j. ss. mingle them according to Art.

The COMMENTARY.

In the Apothecaries Dispensatories, nothing is more confounded, then the descriptions of Hierae, which every one arbitrarily either changes, or denominates wrong. Hence we see the same Hiera de∣signed by three names; as that same which is sometimes called the Hiera of Pacchius, sometimes the Hiera of Archigenus, sometimes of Ruffius, and sometimes also of Diacolocynthis: and three different Hiera's designed by one name; as this of Diacolocynthis, which Mesue describes one way, Nic. Myrepsus another, and Fernelius ano∣ther. But we prefer the Hiera of Pacchius before them all, which we call Magisterial, because of the excellency of its Basis and faculties. He that hath this, may easily be without all the Hiera's which ad∣mit of Coloquintida; and it is thus made:

Opoponax, Bdellium, and Sagapenum, must be macerated a

whole night, or else a day, in Vinegar, rather then in Wine, because of the heat of those simples which ingrede its composition: then they must be well strained, and the Vinegar resolved upon ashes; the Purgatives must be brayed apart, and a little Oyl of Almonds put to the Coloquintida, lest it molest the Brayer; then the other simples, the hardest first, the Aromata next, all must be mixed with despumed honey to a legitimate spissitude.

It is of eximious power, * 1.17 in curing the affections of the head, ven∣tricle, and abdomen; which proceed from crude, pituitous, crass, or melancholical humours; but especially sanative of the Apoplexy, Drowziness, Lethargy, Palsey, Epilepsie, Incubus, difficulty of Breathing, Cholick, Hypochondriacal Melancholy, and all affecti∣ons of the Belly arising from vitreous and crass phlegm, and all such as stupifie the senses, or hebescate motion, or both.

SECT. III. Of solid Electuaries, and Purgative Trochisks.

THose that compose, or rather transcribe Antidotaries or Dispensatories, think they demerit much praise, if without Art or Reason they do con∣gest a heap of Medicaments, depromed from certain Authors. But we have not onely selected all, but picked out of the most select, such as long Use and Reason have best approved of. Whereunto we have added, and from which we have detracted what Reason assured us was useless, or Expe∣rience told us was rare and unknown: And this not onely in the descriptions of the Ancients, but of the more Recents also; for it often happens, that grave men both write and speak from others relations, and so hold and defend for truth, what they have miss-heard, or not known. And I therefore describe fewer Medicaments in this Shop, because I would be able to give the legitimate Composition, the true manner and reason of it, the illustration and faculties upon good grounds and experience.

CHAP. 1. Electuarium Diacarthami; or, The Electuary of Diacarthamum, or Diacnic. Des. Arnal. Villan.

℞ of the pith of the seeds of Bastard-saffron, Hermodactyls, Pul Dia∣trag. frigid. of each ℥ ss. Turbith ʒ vj. Ginger, Manna Granata, of each ʒ ij. Diagridium ʒ iij. Sugar-Candy, the Medulla of Quin∣ces condited, Honey of Roses, of each ℥ j. white Sugar ℥ iij. ss. make it according to Art into a solid Electuary tabulated.

The COMMENTARY.

The description of Diacarthamum is as much controverted, as it is used; which you shall scarce finde alike in two Authors. Jouber∣tus describes it three manner of wayes; but Use and Reason assure us, that one of them is more certain safe, which we have bor∣rowed from Nic. Praepositus, which is somewhat changed from that which its Author Arnaldus Villanovinus gave of it.

It takes its name from Carthamus, which is its Basis; though Tur∣bith in plenty and faculties exceed it: Both their qualities are in∣tended by the adjection of Ginger. Diagridium and Hermoda∣ctyls do not onely draw phlegm, but bile also from the articles; their efferous quality is castigated by condited Quinces flesh: Manna, Diatragacanthum and Sugar, are put to leniate and temper, to de∣terge and move phlegm, and Honey to conserve.

Diacarthamum must be thus prepared: The seed of Carthamus must first be decorticated, then brayed; afterwards Ginger, Tur∣bith, and Hermodactyls must be pulverated; then Diagridium, and Candid Sugar, and Quinces, the Honey, Manna, and Cidoniatum must be then mixt with the Sugar, cocted to the consistence of a Sy∣rupe whilst hot, and afterwards the powders, that they make a solid Electuary, to be discinded into tabels.

It is of frequent use, * 1.18 and is kept ready almost in all Pharmacopo∣lies: it purges pituitous humours potently, not onely from the ven∣tricle and Mesentery, but also from more remote parts: if it be as∣sumed in greater quantity, it detracts also something of Bile: where∣fore it helps not onely in quotidian, and meerly pituitous Fevers, but in complicated also; which arise from the mixture of divers humors.

CHAP. 2. Elect. de succo Rosar. or, An Electuary of the succe of Roses.

℞ of the depurated Juyce of red Roses lb j. Sugar lb j. ss. boyl them into a solid Electuary; to which add of the three Sanders, of each ℥ ss. Mastick ʒ ij. ℈ ij. dry Citron-pill ʒ j. Camphyr ℈ j. make of these a hard and solid Electuary, which roll out upon a board, and last into Tallets, every one to weigh ʒ j. ss. or ʒ ij. at least.

The COMMENTARY.

I am not he, who for ostentation would change the old, and pro∣mulgate new sentences, but to pass my judgement on such things as are spoken or written without reason: and here I challenge liberty to Philosophize.

And now I seeing this Electuary described by Myrepsus, discerpt∣ed from Salernitanus, variously patched, and ill concinnated by the more recent; I feared not to diminish the too heavy weight, aug∣ment the too light, and change the inept things: All which I did with consultation, not precipitantly; I seeing no reason that the succe of Roses should be of equal weight with the Sugar, I diminish the quantity of the succe, and augment the Sugar; well knowing, that a pound of Sugar will sooner and better be cocted to the consistence of a Syrupe, or an Electuary, in half a pound of Roses succe, then in a whole one; and its faculties will not be much more imbecile, but roborative enough.

Something also I have detracted from the weight of the Santals, and have substituted a little of the Pill of Oranges in its stead; part∣ly to conciliate more suavity, and partly to arceate putretude, and recreate the vitals. Some leave out Camphyre, because of its strong sent: but I approve of it; for its halite quality makes the Electuary more grateful, and its permeative quality more efficacious.

I have, in stead of Spodium, which cannot be had, Antispodium, which being onely burnt Ivory, is not proper, substituted Mastick, to roborate the Ventricle, and castigate Scammony.

Burnt Ivory is foolishly and ineptly called Spodium, and substi∣tuted for the fictitious Arabian Spodium: for, let Apothecaries be∣lieve as they will, there is but one true Spodium, and that is the Graecian Pompholix, which should never be introsumed. The Arabian Interpreters are also miserably out, in rendring Tabaxir Spodium, and Spodium Burnt Ivory: for Tabaxir is the succe or concreted liquor of certain Trees, or very crass and tall Reeds, which by the agitation of the wind, and their mutual collision, some∣times conflagrate; from which burning, Avicenna mendicated his Spodium, or rather Tabaxir, which his infidous Interpreter Clusius calls his Spodium. But we get not this Tabaxir from India, nor the ashes of these burnt Canes from Arabia; neither would they be of much use in Medicine, if we had them: nor yet doth burnt Ivory respond to them as a substitute; therefore they must either be quite expunged, or some other congruous Medicament placed in their stead.

In the vulgar description, there are ℈ xxxvj. of Diagridium, for each ounce of the composition: But in our emendation, there ac∣cedes onely half a dragm of Diagridium, to each ounce of the com∣pound; and yet it is so valid and potent, that it may well retain its old name, The spur of Purgatives; for, in a small mole, it hath much of efficacy.

The manner of its preparation, is the same with Diacarthamum, and that is apparent enough, by the description of the form: some take onely the distilled succe of Roses, wherein they macerate their Tragacanthum, and extract a Mucago for the comprehension of the Powders, and the concinnation of their solid Electuary. But I had rather inspissate the succe in S. Maries Bath, to the spissitude of a Rob, that so it might better concorporate the Powders. If any will use unprepared Scammony for Diagridium, he may upon good grounds leave the wonted quantity of Roses succe.

This Electuary is meerly cholagogous, * 1.19 and by educing choler potently, cures such affections as proceed from that humour.

CHAP. 3. Electuarium de Citro solutivum.

℞ of the bark of Citron-Pill condited, of the Conserve of Violets, of the Conserve of Bugloss-flowers, Pul Diatrag. frigid. of each ℥ ss. Tur∣bith ʒ v. Ginger, ʒ ss. Senny ʒ j. sweet Fennel-seed ʒ j. white Sugar dissolved in Rose-water, and cocted according to Art ℥ x. make it into a solid Electuary.

If this our restituted description arride not any one so well, as that antick one of Stephanus Arnaldus, or Guidon Cauliacus, he may here take it:

℞ of the Conserve of Violets, of Borrage, of each ʒ ij. the roots of Bug∣loss, Citron-Pill condited, of each ʒ j. Ginger ʒ ss. Pul Diatrag. frigid. ʒ ij. Diagridium ʒ iij. Turbith ℥ ss. Senny ʒ v. Sugar ℥ x. Let this Electuary be made into Tablets, every one weighing ℥ ss. which is the just dose.

The COMMENTARY.

This laxative Electuary of Oranges, is a Catholical, or Univer∣sal Cathartick: for it draws both the Biles and Phlegm potently, and without molestation; especially that which we described first: wherein every Purgative hath its castigator, as Senny, Fennel, Tur∣bith, Ginger, Diagridium, condite Orange-Pill, Conserves, and Rose-water, wherein the Sugar is cocted: All which roborate the heart and faculties, and mitigate the said Purgatives. The Powder of Diatragacanthum is put in to leniate, the Sugar to deterge, leni∣ate, and conserve.

VVe have also added four times the quantity of Orange-Pill, both because it is its basis, and because it recreates the principal parts of the body. VVe also thought good to augment the quantity of Diagridium, to bear some proportion with the rest: otherwise, its Purgative faculty being already imbecile, would be made more

impotent by the increment of the Conserves: the Basis then of the Medicament, the roboratives, purgatives, and castigatories being by us rightly described, the whole, as amended, may be of most safe, easie, and approved use.

The Sugar should be cocted a little below the consistence of a so∣lid Electuary, because of the quantity of powders.

It is of very much use: for it much conduces in tertian and semitertain Agues; purges the stomack, expels the prave hu∣mours abiding in the Hypochondria; takes away loathsomness to∣wards meat, emends the ill disposition of the body, roborates the heart and ventricle, and absumes the excrementitious humidity of the bowels.

VVe purpose in our next book, to treat of Trochisks, which are all roborative, or alliotical, or alterative; save some few, which are purgative: of which, our method leads us to treat briefly in this Section.

CHAP. 4. Trochisci de Rhabarbaro; or, Trochisks of Rhabarb.

℞ of the best Rhabarb ʒ x. of the Juyce of Egrimony, bitter Almonds, of each ℥ ss. Rose-leaves ʒ iiij. Spikenard, Anise-seed, Madder-roots, Wormwood, * 1.20 Asarabacca, Smallage-seed, of each ʒ j. Let them be formed according to Art into Troches, every one weighting ʒ j.

The COMMENTARY.

Few such Pastils are kept in Pharmacopolies, seeing when use calls for them, Medicks can take some Rhabarb, and mix it with simples fit for their purpose: but prudent Apothecaries, who are not given to avarice, will not want such; whose use is salutary, and description good.

But that they may be duly made, the Rhabarb and Folesfoot must first be brayed small, that they may better pervade the Liver, the in∣fractures of the Mesentery, and the passages of the Uterus and Reins: The rest must also be pulverated very small, and made into a mass, with a sufficient quantity of the succe of Egrimony, where∣of Trochisks of any figure may be formed. If the definite quantity of Egrimonies succe be not sufficient for the receipt of the powders, it may be augmented, that all may be better subacted; and the Tro∣chisks, when concinnated, must be dryed and kept.

Trochisks of Rhabarb are good against the cold and bilious af∣fections, * 1.21 the obstructions, dolours, tumours, and depraved actions of the Liver: they help also the present or the imminent Dropsie, and the Jaundies.

CHAP. 5. Trochisci de Agarico; or, Trochisks of Agarick. D.Gal.

℞ of the whitest Agarick grated small ℥ ij. or as much as thou pleasest: macerate it in white-wine, in which there hath been Ginger infused, and thereof make a soft mass, and of it, Troches; which when dry, let them be again pulverated, and with the same wine, again re∣dacted to a paste; of which form Troches for future use.

The COMMENTARY.

Agarick is variously prepared by Mesue, with sweet Wine, with Oxymel of Squills, with gemmeous Salt, with Whey of Milk, with Carrets, and other simples.

Galen forms it into Trochisks, with lesser, easier, and more com∣modious Preparation; which being of much use in Pharmacy, we have here described, and approve of these as best: some mix gem∣meous Salt with them, that with its weight it may compel the Aga∣rick to the bottom of the Ventricle, that by its abstersive faculty it may help purgation, and excite its slow faculty: But Ginger and Wine do not onely serve to promote its vomitory quality, but also stimulate its purgative faculty; attenuate viscid and crass humours, and attract them from remoter parts. Ginger also, by the tenuity of its parts, causes perviation; for the Agarick, by its heat, helps pur∣gation, and by its aromaticity, recreates the Ventricle, heart, and noble parts; as Wine also, which by its ponderous substance cohi∣bits the levity of the Agarick: by reason whereof, it delabes slow∣ly to the bottom of the Ventricle; and the supernatant is sometimes solely excluded with humours.

Trochisks of Agarick purge pituitous humours, * 1.22 not onely from the first region of the Body, but from remote parts also, if taken in larger quantity.

CHAP. 6. Trochisci Alhandal; or, Trochisks of Coloquintida. D. Mes.

℞ of the pulp of Coloquintida purged from its seeds ℥ x. let it be cut small, and rubbed with ℥ j. of Oyl of Roses, Gumme-Arabick, Thra∣ganth, Bdellium, of each ʒ vj. macerate them three or four dayes in Rose-water, or so long till they be perfectly dissolved; then with the aforesaid pulp, and part of this mussilage, make it into Trochisks; which dry in the shade, and keep.

The COMMENTARY.

Trochisks of Coloquintida or Alhandal, as the Arabians have, may be with success injected into all compositions which receive Coloquintida; for this cannot be assumed simply, and uncastigated, without molestation; but formed into Trochisks, and concinnated with others, with safety: for thus prepared, it ingredes the compo∣fition of other Medicaments, whose faculties it acuates, and makes them educe phlegm, and other crass and viscid humours more potently.

But that these Trochisks may be right made, the whitest and light pulp of Coloquintida must be selected, and not onely incided, but pulverated small: being crass, and introsumed, it moves the Dysentery, and abrades the intestines from such portions as are con∣tained in its gyres and anfractures. Mesue in his old Book pre∣scribes onely ʒ x. of the pulp of Coloquintida; but the place is suspected for erroneous, and ʒ x. put for ℥ x. for otherwise the quantity of Bdellium, and other Gummes, of each whereof he hath put ʒ ij. must be lessened; which is no more then sufficient for ten ounces.

These Trochisks potently purge viscid phlegm, * 1.23 and other glu∣tinous humours; and therefore conduce much to the cholical do∣lour arising from vitreous and viscid phlegm; they cure the Apo∣plexy, Vertigo, Epilepsie, difficulty of breathing, and cold and ar∣thritical Diseases, not yielding to common Medicaments.

We shall in the sequent Book treat of other alterative and tobo∣rative Trochisks, and solid Purgatives, as Pills.

SECT. IV. Of Pills.

WE have in the former Sections given liquid and solid Electuaries, accommodated to all diseases and morbifical causes. Now our Me∣thod leads us to treat of Pills, which many prefer before all other Medica∣ments. And here we shall begin with such as receive nothing that is Pur∣gative, but Aloes; then pass to such as admit Aloes and Agarick; then to such as receive Rhabarb, then Senny, then Turbith, Diagridium, Coloquin∣tida, or some more potent Cathartick. We begin with Aloes, because it is the Basis of all or most Pills; and because it recreates the bowels and noble parts, and can scarce be otherwise introsumed: for being very bitter and ingrate∣ful, it can scarce be assumed in a liquid potion, but is given in form of Pills, that it may be more easily devoured; as we have shewn in Chap. 14. Book 3. of our Institutions.

CHAP. 1. Pilulae stomachicae; Stomachical, or Pills before Meat. D.Mes.

℞ of the best Aloes ʒ vj. Mastick, Roses, of each ʒ ij. with Syrupe of Roses, or Wormwood, make it into a solid mass.

The COMMENTARY.

All Pills which receive of Purgatives onely Aloes, or Aloes and Rhabarb, being clement, and drawing humours onely from the first region, and helping the stomack, are called Stomachical, or Pills before meat; because they may at any time, a little before meat, be safely taken: of which sort are those Aloes in the succe of Roses, coacted into a mass with Wine; as also those of Scaliger, Ruffus, and Pills of Hiera. But these we have given, being most usual, and easie to make, may serve for a rule, for all stomachical Pills that should be kept in Pharmacopolies: but they should be made onely in small quantity, that they may be alwayes new and fresh; for by long keeping they become too dry, and their faculties duller. The mass must be involved in a piece of Leather well oyled, and then reposed in a Tin-pot well shut.

All Pills and other Purges should be given on an empty stomack, especially such as should draw noxious humours from remoter parts, which may be assumed long before or after meat, as after the first sleep; but stomachical Pills not so: for it is enough that they be taken one hour before break-fast, or other meals, that the Belly may be gently subduced, and phlegm, or other prave humours, con∣tained in the Ventricle, or other vicine parts, be educed, * 1.24 which all stomachical Pills effect, roborating the stomack, resarciating the ap∣petite, and exciting it to rest.

CHAP. 2. Pilulae Ruffi; commonly called Pestilential.

℞ of the best Aloes ℥ ij. Myrrhe ℥ j. Saffron ℥ ss. and with the best * 1.25 Oinomel, make it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

There is scarce any Medicament, but it is by some changed from that it was by its Author at first made. These Pills are com∣pounded by few, but variously changed by many: for some adde a third part of Myrrhe, others a fourth, and some onely an eighth: some mix Saffron and Myrrhe in equal weight; others take onely half as much Saffron as Myrrhe, and half as much Myrrhe as Aloes: according to which opinion, most famous Medicks pre∣scribe, and we have formed our description.

Rondeletius denies, that Ruffus was the Inventor of these Pills; for he tradited a Potion, rather then Pills, as Paulus Aegineta evidences. He indeed described a certain Medicament of Aloes, Myrrhe, and Ammoniacum Storax, brayed in odorate Wine, which he calls a Potion: yet he exhibits it in the magnitude of a Bean, which concords not with potulent measures, but an usual expression for the quantity of solid things. And hence the later age, upon good grounds, pronounces Ruffus the Author of these Pills. VVe substitute generous Oinomel, in stead of aromatical VVine, for the reception of the Powders, which is more conve∣nient; for if they should be subacted onely with VVine, the mass would acquire a stony hardness. Syrupe of VVormwood is also a fit recipient for them.

Ruffus his Pills are called Pestilential, * 1.26 because they conduce rather to the prevention, then curation of the Pestilence; for Aloes frees the Body from excrements, Myrrhe vindicates it from putretude, and Saffron recreates the heart and vital facul∣ties: but they very little profit when the Pestilence is begun; for then more cordial, potent, and alexipharmacal Medicaments are required.

CHAP. 3. Pills of Mastick.

℞ of Mastick ℥ ss. Aloes ʒ x. Agarick ʒ iij. mix these with vinous Hydromel into a solid mass.

The COMMENTARY.

Mesue calls all the Pills that receive Mastick, Stomachical, where∣of he gives not onely various descriptions: But his Commenta∣tors, and such as wrote of the same Subject, and promulgated Antidotaries also, one while augmenting the Aloes, another time the Agarick, sometimes the Mastick, or else diminishing or ad∣jecting.

The description we have here given, is more usual and safe; whereunto, if you adde a little Diamoschum, they will be Pills of Aloes, according to the vulgar edition: But the Agarick should be first brayed; as also the Aloes and Mastick, and subacted with Hydromel, rather then with Wine, both for efficacy and conservation.

It is thought, that Petrus de Abano was their Author, who would not denominate them from their exuberant Aloes, lest many Pills of the same name should be confounded.

They purge the stomack gently, roborate excellently, * 1.27 detract and expel all excrementitious humours from the Abdomen with∣out molestation; cure the dolour of the head, and many affections of the Uterus.

CHAP. 4. Pilulae de tribus Solutivis; or, Pills of the three Solutives.

℞ of Rhabarb, Aloes, Agarick, of each ʒ iij. after they are beaten fine, take Syrupe of Roses solutives, as much as will suffice to bring it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

These are called the Pills of the three Solutives, because they con∣sist onely of three Purgative Simples, and Syrupe of Roses, which indeed is purgative, but not simple. They are indeed more valid∣ly stomachical then the former, because of the Agarick; which, if it be first made into Trochisks, as it should be, will be more incisive and attenuative, but less vomitory: The manner of their prepara∣tion is easier, then that it should need explication.

They purge bilious, pituitous, * 1.28 crass and viscid humours from the Ventricle, cavities of the Liver and Spleen, and from the Mesentery; they roborate the stomack, and revoke appetite: and let this serve for more that might be said of them.

CHAP. 5. Pilulae Imperiales D. Fern. or, Fernelius his Imperial Catholical Pills.

℞ of the best Aloes ℥ ij. choyce Rhabarb ℥ j. ss. Agarick trochiscated, Senny picked, of each ℥ j. Cinamon ʒ iij. Ginger ʒ ij. Nutmegs, Cloves, Spikenard, Mastick, of each ʒ j. and with Syrupe of Violets, let them be subacted into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

The Author did not without reason give this egregious denomi∣nation to these Pills, which from the multiplicity of their faculties, and their benignity in acting, merit a more noble title. They may al∣so be called Catholical Pills, because they universally expurge all hu∣mours from all parts, as the Liver, Spleen, Ventricle, Brain; and if in greater quantity, from parts farther dissited.

Nic. Praepositus describes more of the same name, which are sel∣dome made, because they consist of more things, and are less ef∣ficacious.

These Imperial Pills of Fernelius, * 1.29 purge, roborate, and liberate all the bowels from infarctures, educe all noxious and obvious hu∣mours, and help the oeconomy of all nutritive parts.

CHAP. 6. Pilulae de Eupatorio majores; or, The greater Pills of Egrimony.

℞ of yellow Myrabolans, the Juyces of Egrimony and Wormwood, of each ʒ iij. Rhabarb ʒ iij. ss. Mastick ʒ j. Saffron ʒ ss. Aloes ʒ v. of the Juyce, or rather Syrupe of Endive, as much as will suffice to bring it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

Mesue describes two forms of these Pills; the former which we have here inserted, he calls the greater, the other the lesser; which are seldome (as both indeed) prepared. But these being very com∣mendable for the Jaundies, and all obstructions of the Liver, should be kept in Pharmacopolies, that it might go better with the diseased. They should rather be denominated from Rhabarb, which is the Basis in the composition: But Authors put names upon the compounds they invent, rather according to their own wills, then valid reason.

For the due making of them, the succe of true Egrimony and

Wormwood should by evaporation be inspissated, exsiccated, and afterwards pulverated; then mixed with other Medicaments, bray∣ed apart; then all subacted into a fit mass, with Syrupe of Endive or Succory. They act perperously, who following Mesue's advice, put the Powders into water of Endive, and so coact them into a mass.

These greater Pills of Egrimony do not onely cure the Jaundies, * 1.30 but periodical and circularly-reiterated Fevers also.

CHAP. 7. Pilulae sine quibus esse nolo; or, Pills without which I would not be. D. Nic. Praepos.

℞ of the best Aloes ʒ xiiij. the five sorts of Myrobalans, Rhabarb, Senny, Agarick trochiscated, Mastick, Wormwood, Dodder, Rose-leaves, Violets, of each ʒ j. Diagridium ʒ vj. ss. Honey despumed with the Juyce of Fennel, as much as suffices to bring it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

These are also Universal, as well as the Imperial; but more cho∣lagogous and valid, because of their Diagridium. Their denomi∣nation being noted by a certain circumlocution, shew the efficacy and necessity of their use, which no man, or Master of a Family, that mindes his sanity, should be without. Their ingredients are such as deduce humours from all principal parts of the Body, and roborate those parts. Rheubarb is their Basis, if we respect their better part; Scammony, if their more valid and exuperant; and Myrabolambs, if the weight of fruits.

That they may be duly made, Scammony, Aloes, Agarick, and Mastick should be pulverated apart; the rest partly alone, and part∣ly together. They must not be subacted with the water or succe of Fennel, as the Author would; but with Honey, that they may not too soon become dry and marcid.

These Pills educe Phlegm, and both the Biles, from all parts, * 1.31 but especially from the head, eyes, and senses: and thence they lessen the suffusions of the eyes, conserve sight, and cure the pain and noise in the ears.

CHAP. 30. Pilulae Aureae; or, Golden Pills. D.N.Myr.

℞ of the best Aloes and Diagridium, of each ʒ v. of red Roses and Smallage-seed, of each ʒ ij. ss. the seeds of Anise and sweet Fennel, ef each ʒ j. ss. Powder of Coloquintida, Saffron, and Mastick, of each ʒ j. and with Gumme-Thraganth dissolved in Rose-water, or rather

with Honey of Roses; make it up into a mass of a legitimate con∣sistence.

The COMMENTARY.

Nic. Praepositus doth justly insult over Nic. Myrepsus, the Author of these Pills, That he described so great a quantity of Diagridium, insomuch that the place is suspected of Errour; where I believe he would have said ℈ v. not ʒ v. which may be gathered from his very words, in the end of this 107 Chapter, where defining the dosis of these Pills, he thus writes: Let them be made like a Pease, with the water of the infusion of Tragacantha, and nine or eleven of them taken at night with Mulse or Wine: for this quantity is at least ʒ j. ss. or ʒ ij. which admits of almost ʒ ss. of Diagridium. However, use hath so prevailed, that they are made according to the manner described: yet with this rule, That they be exhibited in a just and idoneous weight, according to the Medicks prudence, and diseased's strength; to whom, if four or five grains of Diagridium would purge him, so much of these Pills must be given, as receives just so much Diagridium.

Nic. Praepositus did well in the adjection of Mastick, for the robo∣ration of the Ventricle, against the attact of such violent Purga∣tives. Tragacanthum is also justly commixed, to mitigate the fe∣rity of Scammony: but the Trochisks of Alhandal were safer, then Coloquintida uncastigated; all must be pulverated small, and coacted into a mass of a legitimate consistence, with Honey of Roses: for so it will be softer, then if it had been subacted with the dissolved Gumme of Tragacantha.

They are called Golden Pills, rather from their croceous colour, then their excellent effect: for all Medicaments which potently subduce the Belly, and validly expurge humours, are not presently denominated aureous or eximious, but such onely as with facility, and without molestation, extract noxious ones.

Golden Pills are very cholagogous; * 1.32 for they potently draw Bile and Phlegm also, not onely from the inferiour, but also superiour Ventricle, and the head; and thence they purge the senses, and acuate the eye-sight.

CHAP. 9. Pilulaede Agarico; or, Pills of Agarick. D. Avic.

℞ of Agarick ʒ iij. Orris-root, Horehound, of each ʒ j. Turbith, Hierae Picrae, of each ʒ iiij. Coloquintida, Sarcocollae, of each ʒ ij. Myrrhe ʒ j. mingle it with as much Sape as will suffice to make it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

Nic. Praepositus addes Mastick to these Pills; the Commentators upon Mesue like not of it: Fernelius approves of its use, and tran∣scribes their description out of Praepositus. Joubertus disapproves of it, but gives no reason. I think it is neither hurtful, nor greatly profitable: for if it be exploded, the Ventricle cannot want robo∣ratives, as long as Hiera, Myrrhe, Sape, and Orris, ingrede the com∣pound: if it be admitted, it will neither obtund the faculties of the other, nor much better them.

Their first Author was Avicenna, who described them with Myrrhe; which Mesue omits, as Bauderonius observes in his Book, where he describes Agarick and Coloquintida, without any express preparation: But it is best to take them both, when made into Trochisks, and so bray and mix them. The Powder of Galens Hierae Sacra must be taken with Honey, white Horehound selected, and the Root of that Orris, whose flower is caeruleous, which Avicenna calls the Celestial Lilly. The Purgatives must be pulverated apart; the rest partly so, partly together; and then all mixed together with Sape.

Pills of Agarick purgeth phlegm potently from all parts, * 1.33 condu∣ces to the head and breast; and thence cures the sleepy Disease, Catarrhs, Vertigo, and such affections as proceed from cold hu∣mours, but especially difficult breathing; for which end Avicenna invented them.

CHAP. 10. Pilulae Cochiae, D. Rhasis.

℞ of the Powder of simple Hierae ʒ x. Coloquintida ʒ iij. ℈ j. Scam∣mony prepared ʒ ij. ss. Turbith, Stoechados, of each ʒ v. and with Sy∣rupe of Staechados make it up into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

The Pills of Cochia, are not so called simply from the grain which the Greeks call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, but because they are round and small like Pepper-corns; after which manner, all Pills were wont to be made: and though they be now greater, yet we give them the same name, as well as the same description. Some think them excessively purgative, because of the greater quantity of Diagridium. And seeing Pharmacopolists should have gentle purges for such as are delicate, and valid ones for the stronger; I would have made them as Rhasis hath described them; for they may be given in such small quantity, that they will not over-purge the Belly, but educe onely noxious humours.

Some doubt in their mixtion, whether Galens Hiera Picra should be taken, or some other made: We, for many reasons, which for brevities sake we omit, judge no other Hiera more convenient, valid, or better: but it is safer to admit the Trochisks of Alhandal, then Coloquintida, unprepared; and if Syrupe of Stoechas be not in readiness, which indeed few keep; then the Powders may be sub∣acted in Honey, with the decoction of Stoechas despumed, and coct∣ed to the consumption of its a queous humidity. They are made as the precedents.

These Pills purge partly bilious, * 1.34 partly pituitous humours; not onely from the head, because of Stoechas, which is more hepatical then cephalical; but also from other parts, wherein such humours are contained, for they potently educe them from any part.

CHAP. 11. Pilulae de Hermodactylis majore; or, The greater Pills of Hermodactyls. D. Mes.

℞ of Hermodacts, Aloes, yellow Myrabolans, Turbith, Coloquintida, Bdellium, Sagapenum, of each ʒ vj. Castor, Sarcocolla, Euphorbium, Opoponax, the seeds of Rue and Smallage, of each ʒ iij. Saffron ʒ j. ss. with the Juyce of Coleworts make them into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

These Pills, which take their names from Hermodactyls, are very usual, and onely sufficient for the inveterate dolours of the arteries, and more efficacious therein, then those we call arthetical Pills: yea, they are more securely sanative, then such as are denominated from Sagapenum, Opoponax, or Sarcocolly; so that we shall not need to describe these.

For their due preparation, Sagapenum and Opoponax must be melted in the succe of Coleworts; then transmitted through a li∣nen cloth, and then a little cocted; then must the Powders of other simples be mixed in the succe cocted with Honey; and all brayed, subacted, and handled by hands anointed with oyl together, till they acquire a due consistence: They may also be rightly subacted with the Eclegm of Cauls.

Pills of Hermodactyls potently evel crass and serous humours from all extream parts, * 1.35 but especially from the articles; and con∣duce to the cold diseases of the head, nerves, and junctures.

CHAP. 12. Pilulae Agregativae, seu Polychrestae; Agregative, or Pills of much use. D. Mes.

℞ of Aloes, Turbith, of each ʒ vj. of Diagridium ʒ v. of Rhabarb, and yellow Myrabolans, of each ʒ iiij. of the whitest Agarick, Troch. Alhandal, Polypody, Chebulan, and Indian Myrabolans, of each ʒ ij. Mastick, Rose-leaves, Dodder of Thyme, Anise-seed, Ginger, Sal Gem, of each ʒ ʒ j. Juyce of Egrimony and Wormwood, of each ʒ ij. with the Syrupe of the Juyce of Damask-Roses, make it up into a mass to keep.

The COMMENTARY.

We hold to the ancient description of Mesue, and change onely the order of the Simples, and substitute the Syrupe of Roses, for the subaction of the composition, in stead of the Electuary of Roses.

Mesue gives three descriptions of Pills of this name; the first whereof is most usual, and prepared almost in all Shops; the other two, both greater and lesser agregatives, are omitted. They are called agregative Pills, because of the agregation of many facul∣ties; as also Polychrestae, and Catholical, because they are of much use, and expurge all humours.

The manner of their mixtion is manifest; the roots must be first brayed, then the fruits, and afterwards the seeds; onely Rhabarb and Agarick must be prepared apart, the Trochisks whereof are bet∣ter then the simple. The succe of Egrimony and Wormwood dry∣ed and brayed, must be added thereunto; then all being duly pul∣verated, must be subacted into a mass, with the Syrupe of pale Ro∣ses, which must be involved in leather madefied with Oyl of Al∣monds. And it is not unreasonable, that the Powders should be received in the Syrupe of pale Roses; partly, because it accedes nearest the minde of the Author, for nothing is liker Roses then Roses; and partly, because that Electuary of Roses, which Mesue mentions, is not now made in shops, seeing its composition is inept, and of no use.

Agregative Pills are not onely conducible to many affections of the head, but also of the Ventricle and Liver: * 1.36 for from these parts they detract and purge pituity, Bile, and Melancholical succe; and therefore help in complex and inveterate Fevers, and complicated diseases. He may be without the Pills of eight things, and five kindes of Myrabolambs, that hath agregative ones.

CHAP. 13. Pilulae de Fumaria; or, Pills of Fumatory. D. Avic.

℞ of Citrian, Chebulan, and Indian Myrabolans, Scammony prepared ʒ v. Aloes ʒ vij. and with the Juyce of Fumatory, make it into a mass; which when dryed, let it be again beaten up with the same Juyce, and the third time with the Syrupe of Fumatory.

The COMMENTARY.

These Pills are denominated from Fumatory, in whose succe their Powders must be twice or thrice imbuted, and then dryed as oft, according to their Authors prescript; and at length received, not into the same succe, as many ignorantly conjecture, but into honey, wherein this succe hath been by longer coction dissipated, or rather into the Syrupe of Fumatory, which is better, and more agreeable to the Authors minde: For unless the mass be subacted in the one of these, or such a like liquor, the powders will soon arefie. The manner of their preparation is easie, and apparent enough by the description.

Pills of Fumatory purge bilious and sharp humours, * 1.37 salt phlegm, and other adust and melancholical humours, from which many vi∣ces of the skin, as Scab, Itch, Tetters, and the like, arise.

CHAP. 14. Pilulae de Lapide Lazuli; or, Pills of the Azure-stone. D.Mes.

℞ of Lapis Lazuli prepared ʒ vj. Polypody, Dodder of Thyme, Agarick, of each ℥ j. black Hellebore, Scammony, Sal Gem. of each ʒ ij. ss. Cloves, Anise-seeds, of each ℥ ss. Hierae Picrae ℥ xv. and with Sy∣rupo Regis Saboris, make it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

That every humour might have its peculiar Cathartick, we have exhibited these Pills described by Mesue, to educe the melancholi∣cal humour. They are denominated from the Azure-stone, which is their Basis; which participating of some alien and vomitory qua∣lity, needs some antecedent preparation: but it must not be burn∣ed, as in the confection of Alkermes, lest its purgative faculty pe∣rish, but pulverated very small, and ten or twelve times washed, first in common water, then in the water of Bugloss, or the like: after each lotion, it must be dryed, and these courses iterated, till it depose its vomitory quality, and retain onely its dejective and ro∣borative.

Its manner of preparation, is all one with the former; we sub∣stitute gemmeous, in stead of Indian salt, which we want; and King Sabors Syrupe, in stead of the water of Endive: for hereby the powders will be more commodiously subacted, and the mass hence concinnated, more safely kept, of a better consistence, more excellent faculties, and more apt to educe Melancholical humours.

These Pills help the Leprosie, Canker, quartane Fever, * 1.38 and all diseases that arise from Melancholical humours, or adust Bile; their faculties are the same, but better then the Pills of Indies have, which such may want as keep these.

CHAP. 15. Pilulae Asajeret. D. Avic.

℞ of Mastick, yellow Myrabolans, of each ℥ ss. Hierae Picrae ℥ j. of the best Aloes ℥ ij. and with Syrupe of Stoechados, make it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

These Pills are also desumed from Avicenna, who calls them sometimes Asahajaret, sometimes Sejar; and prescribes them partly to the head, partly to the ventricle: but they draw little from parts more remote, seeing they admit not of such things as potently de∣duce cold humours.

The powder of Galens Hiera Picra must be desumed to their con∣fection, and not Hiera in form of an Electuary: The Myrabolambs may be purged from their stones, and brayed apart; then Chian Ma∣stick, then the Aloes; all must be received in the Syrupe of Stoechas, and made into a mass.

These Pills are indeed chalagogous, and much profit the impure and languid ventricle; and by consequence, benefit the head, and cure such affections as arise from some sympathy with the stomack, and lowest ventricle.

Pills of Hiera being almost of the same faculties, * 1.39 and easie to be made of the powder of Hiera (which is kept in all Pharmaco∣polies) by the addition of the Honey of Roses, or the like, in a sufficient quantity, need no particular description; nor those also which take both their name and matter from Benedicta, which are seldome or never used; for they are onely nominally eximious, as many Chymical confections, as Aqua Benedicta, Spiritus Aureus, Eli∣xir Vitae, &c.

CHAP. 16. Pilulae Alephanginae; or, Aromatical or sweet Pills.

℞ Cinamon, Cloves, Cardamomes, Nutmegs, Mace, Calamus Aromati∣cus;

Galangal, yellow Sanders, Squinant, Rose-leaves, of each ℥ ss.

These must be brayed pretty crassly, and macerated twelve hours in four pounds of water; then boyled on a slow fire, till the third part be absumed: one pound of Aloes must be dissolved in the co∣lature; and when the aqueous humidity is spent by hot ashes, Sun, or an Hypocauste, adde

Myrrhe, Mastick, of each ℥ ss. Saffron ℥ ij. Syrupe of Wormwood, as much as will suffice to make it into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

We retain a great part of the materials of sweet Pills described by Mesue: but we have added Galangal, as most convenient, and detracted the most rare and dear ingredients, as Carpo-balsamum, Xylo-aloes, Cubebs, and the useless ones, as Asarum. We do not allow of Aloes washed in rain-water, because it makes it imbecile: neither do we approve of the quantity of Aromata's and water, wherein they should be cocted, as defined by Mesue: for seeing Aro∣mata's endure not coction, without the loss of their vertues; what need is there of cocting them in twelve pounds of water, to the ab∣sumption of seven pounds thereof? This is useless and noxious la∣bour: but if they must be onely lightly cocted, to what end is so much water? and if the third part of the water will serve, why not the third part of the Aromata's also?

In this our description, we have the faculties and vertues of the third part of the Aromata's, better then we should have them out of the whole designed by Mesue, and confected after his rite, who with the absumption of the water, absumes more of the Aromata's fa∣culties: We have in stead of Wormwood, substituted its Syrupe, for the better coalition of the mass, lest it grow too dry, or contract chinks and marcour.

Thus we have castigated Mesue's sweet Pills, or rather exhibited our own, which are easier to make, better, and of lesser charges: to which, if the maker shall put a little of the liquor of Balm, they shall exceed all Pills in roborating the stomack.

Sweet Pills are most customachical, * 1.40 and roborate the nervous parts best: for they at once purge crass, putrid, pituitous, and bi∣lious humours from the ventricle and vicine parts, and recreate the same; preserve native heat, help coction, discuss flatulency, dispel crudities, resarciate appetite, help cholical dolours, and conduce to old and frigid men at all times, to bilious and young men onely in winter.

CHAP. 17. Pilulae de Nitro; or, Pills of Nitre. D.Alex.Tral.

℞ of Aloes, Coloquintida, Scammony prepared, black Hellebore, Bdel∣lium, Gumme Arabick, of each ʒ ij. Euphorbium, Nitre, of each ʒ j. and with Juyce of Coleworts or Rhodomel, make it up into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

The later age retains the old description of Tralian's Pills, but not the name: for one calls them Pills of Coloquintida, another of Nitre; and this puts more of Nitre in them, the other more of Co∣loquintida. But seeing reason and use have better approved of the weight of simples described by the more Recent, we shall follow the Ancients in the materials, but the Recents in the proportion and weight of these materials.

Now for their confection, prepared Coloquintida, that is, Tro∣chisks of Alhandal, must be taken. Bdellium must be dissolved, percolated, and cocted in the calified succe of Brassica, till the succe be consumed; then must the rest be mixed, and a sufficient quan∣tity of the Honey of Roses mixed with them: Euphorbium must not, by the advice of many, be added to the mixture, till thus pre∣pared.

Some quantity of Euphorbium must be taken, pulverated small, with a little Oyl of Almonds rubbed on a stone; like many Colly∣ries; then collected and included in a Quince excavated, and ob∣volved with paste; then cocted in a furnace like Scammony: and thus cocted and repared, preposed for use.

Pills of Nitre move frigid, crass, and viscid humours, * 1.41 from parts more remote: whence they conduce in nervous affections, and help the had loaden with contumacious diseases; as also the Epilepsie, Palsey, Vertigo, and affections of the articles, because they educe both flave and black Bile: some believe they are good against the Indian disease, and thence too licentiously call them Indian Pills.

CHAP. 18. Piluae Mechoacanae.

℞ of Mechoacan ℥ ss. Turbith ʒ iij. Spurge-olive macerated in vine∣gar and dryed, the seeds of Dwarf-Elder, Agarick trochiskized, of each ʒ ij. the roots of * 1.42 Milwort prepared, Mastick, of each ʒ j. ss. Cinamon, and Sal Gem, of each ℈ ij.

Let them all be made into powder, that same subacted into a mass with white-wine; then let that be dryed and brayed, and again co∣agulated with the succe of the celestial Orris, which dry, and bray

again; and then make into paste with the Syrupe of Damask-Roses, and repose it for use.

The COMMENTARY.

Practical Medicks seek out of Dispensatories, as out of a foecund and fertile Garden, all kindes of Medicaments, for the deletion of all diseases; but they finde a great part of them described without Art or Reason, and onely convenient for few diseases: yea, some∣times ten Medicaments indued with the same faculties, and discri∣minated onely by divers names. But we have, according to the di∣versities of diseases and humours, tradited divers Medicaments, de∣sumed not onely out of vulgar Dispensatories, but out of the Wri∣tings of many grave men: besides which, we do also exhibit some, proved salutiferous by Reason, Experience, and successful Event; as these Pills prescribed for the Dropsie, which having Mechoacan for their Basis, from thence mutuate their denomination, which is of Simples most praepollent, for educing water by stool. Besides which, there are five more Hydragogous Ingredients, which being all united together, with some cordial and stomachical ones, potent∣ly educe serous and watry humours, without laesion of the ventricle, not onely from the Belly, but all parts of the Body. I shall not need to adde the seeds of Keruy, or Palma Christi, and Soldanella, see∣ing these are enough; nor yet subjoyn the manner of their prepa∣ration, seeing it is very easie.

These Pills educing potently aqueous and serous humours, * 1.43 cure the Dropsie, and all diseases arising from watry phlegm.

CHAP. 19. Pilulae Foetidae. D. Mes.

℞ of Sagapenum Ammoniacum, Opoponax, Bdellium, Coloquintida, Rue-seed, Aloes, * 1.44 Dodder of Thyme, of each ʒ v. Turbith ℥ ss. Scam∣mony ʒ iij. () 1.45 Milkwort, or Seaspurge prepared, Hermodacts, of each ʒ ij. Ginger ʒ j. ss. Cinamon, Spikenard, Saffron, Castoreum, of each ʒ j. Euphorbium ℈ ij. Dissolve the gummes in the Juyce of Leeks, and with it make the powders into a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

They are called foetid Pills, not because they educe foetid hu∣mours, as some think, but because they consist of foetid Medica∣ments; as Beavers-stones, wilde Rue, Sagapene, Opoponax, and the like. Rhasis, and other Arabians, give other descriptions of them; but we retain this onely as the best, which Mesue calls the greater, in reference to a lesser description, which we omitted; as less efficacious.

None, I believe, doubt, whether the seed of wilde Rue, or of Hemlock, should rather ingrede the composition of foetid Pills: for doubtless, Hemlock-seed is poyson; though one Constantinus inter∣prets the Arabian words Harmeli, or Harmela, Hemlock-seed, when all others say they are wilde Rue-seed; in whose stead, vulgar Rues∣seed may be well substituted.

The Hermodactyls should be exotical, whose roots are tubeous and crass, not rugose; which by small contusion might be reduced to farinaceous powder.

They act perperously, who take Ephemerian, or Colchian, or our Hermodactyls, whose roots are flaccid; for their qualities are not commendable, but noxious, killing by small and short suffoca∣tion: whence they are called Strangulatories. The best Hermoda∣ctyl comes from Syria, and is thence called the Syrian Hermodactyl. Esula should be prepared as we have taught before; the Gummes must be melted, percolated, and cocted in the succe of Leeks; and the Powders must be adjected, mixed, and subacted with these, which must be handled with hands madefied with Oyl of Almonds, involved in Leather, and reposed in a Tin-box for use.

Foetid Pills are of much use, for they evacuate frigid, pituitous, * 1.46 crude, and also bilious humours; and thence cure such affections as arise from thence; as the diseases of the Junctures, Podagry, Gonagry, Dolours in the Back-bone, Leprosie, Morphews, Itch, cutaneous infections, and cholical affections.

CHAP. 20. Pilulae de Hydragyro; or, Pills of Quicksilver.

℞ of Quicksilver first killed in Juyce of Lemmons, and afterwards nou∣rished in the Juyce of Sage ʒ vj. of the best Aloes ʒ v. Rhabarb ʒ iij. Scammony prepared ʒ ij. Agarick ʒ j. Storax the best, Cinamon, Mace, yellow Sanders, Sarsaperilla, Sassafras, Mosch, of each ʒ ss. Honey despumed in the decoction of Guaiacum, and boyled to the exolution of the aqueous humidity, as much as will suffice to make it into a mass, anointing it with a little Oyl of Turpentine, and wrapping it in a little Bladder for future use.

The COMMENTARY.

That our Antidotary might not be defective, we have not onely elicited Medicaments out of the Monuments of the Ancients, but out of the Writings and Notes of Neotericks, selected and culled what reason and successful event have celebrated; as these Pills of Quicksilver, which the Neotericks usurp, to the expugnation of a new disease: For it is just, that new diseases should have new reme∣dies invented by Reason, and prepared by Art; especially if the in∣ventions of the Ancients fail and prove useless.

Now none, I think, will deny, that the French disease is new, seeing it was never heard of in Europe, before the year 1493. but then brought by Christophorus Columbus, and his associates, from India to Italy, and there communicated to the Italian women; who bring∣ing victuals to the French Souldiers in the Neapolitan siege, with their bodies communicated their disease to the men; which the men retaining after conquest, gave also to other Italian women: from whom their returning husbands, persolving the debt of Matrimo∣ny, catch'd it of their own wives, who had got it of the Frenchmen, the French of Italian women, and they of Columbus his Souldiers.

Hence the Italians were wroth with the French, and in revenge call their disease, The French Pox; and ridiculously make their Books-fronts proclaim Ultion, by denoting the husbands Ignorance, and the wives Whoredom: their Ignorance, in that they knew not the venereous Pox; the womens Whoredom, in that they had con∣course with the French.

Brassavolus, as it should seem, mindeful of this injury done to his Parents, wrote a certain book of this disease, which he calls The French-Pox; wherein he assigns 234 differences thereof: certainly either the honest man there played the Babler, or else so many of his acquaintance and kinswomen were compressed by the French souldiers, who left these Hieroglyphical characters, as eternal signs of their new and quaint marriages. But to my purpose. There are various preparations of the pills of Quicksilver; for each Con∣fectioner and Chirurgeon almost, have their peculiar descriptions, which they keep for hidden Secrets; some whereof will onely by reiteration, move salivation; others frequently usurped, will a little subduce the Belly: but all of them often iterated, move spu∣tation, hurt the nerves, and sometimes cause strangulation. Their use therefore is not safe, unless the Quicksilver be well prepared and castigated, by the admistion of other Medicaments, as Turpen∣tine-Oyl, or such things as we have in this prescript described: The manner of whose preparation is apparent enough by the form; but there are other compounds that admit of Quicksilver: of which hereafter.

These Pills are Catholical, * 1.47 and Alexiterial, seeing they expurge all humours at once, and evince the malign quality of the French-Pox, and radically evel its Vestigia impressed on the parts af∣fected.

CHAP. 21. What Pills a Pharmacopoly may be without.

AS in Civil Law, many old Laws are obsolete, and of no use and vigour to a Magistrate: so in Medicine, many ancient Me∣dicaments are either neglected, or quite disapproved of, as noxious, or at least useless. Some are omitted, because there are others of

the same, or like efficacy and vertue, whereof the best is selected; for it were a sign of folly in a man, if he should prepare and keep all the Medicaments Myrepsus hath designed, who absolving his Work in 1100 Chapters, hath conjoyned two or three descriptions in one Chapter.

Yea, neither Medicks desire, nor Diseases require, that any Apo∣thecary should make and keep all the Medicaments that Aetius, Actuarius, or Praepositus, and others, describe, but onely the more secure, selected, and approved.

Thus in our Antidotary we give onely eximious ones; which if Authors suppeditate not, as they do not for all diseases, we compen∣sate by our own labour and industry, suggesting the most ap∣proved.

We expunge those out of the number of Pills, which they call the greater and lesser Pills of Light, because they consist of much and unapt matter: And because Pills, sine quibus, are of efficacy enough for the affections of the eyes; we have omitted the ancient de∣scription of the Imperials, of the five kinds of Myrobalambs, of the eight Ingredients, and the Arabians Pills, because the agregative are better, and usefull for all such things as the aforesaid are pre∣scribed for.

We have neglected the Indian Pills, and them of the stone Ar∣mentum, because them of the Azure-stone are affine to them, and more efficacious.

We weigh not the Pills of Rhabarb, because ignave, but give them of Egrimony, as more efficacious; with whom they have affinity.

Pills of Hermodactyls exclude the arthretical Pills; and the foetid Pills exclude those that are denominated from Sagapene, Euphor∣bium, and Sarcocolla.

Pills of Mechoacan make them void, which consists of Esula and Mezereon.

Benedict Pills, and Hiera, may be made at any time, seeing pow∣ders are or should be alwayes in readiness in shops: whereof either Electuaries or Pills may be confected at pleasure.

Pills of Bdellium are quite neglected, because they are scarce purgative: in stead, other better, and more roborative Medicaments, easier to be made, may be confected for present use.

I pretermit many more, as unworthy to be named or used; for many men describe many Medicaments, not so much that they con∣sult others sanity, as the augmenting of their Dispensatories grand bulk.

Cathartical Powders being ingrateful, are usually coagmented into liquid or solid Electuaries, or else Pills: yet Empiricks give the powder of Stibium onely in a little Wine, or other liquor; as also the powder of Mercury, wherewith a veneficous Circulator at Lutetia promised the cure of all diseases, openly professing him∣self a Prophet: but the wretch went about many Cities, to

see whom he might devour: he is not worthy to be named. At last he ran away.

All prepare not Quicksilver or Mercury alike: for some include it with Aqua fortis in a Matracy, and exhale the water by sublima∣tion, calling that which remains in the bottom, Powder of Mercu∣ry: It is of a yellowish red colour, and rather caustical then ca∣thartical.

Others prepare it otherwise, but better, thus: They immerge Quicksilver in Aqua fortis, whereinto they inject Brine; then they let the Quicksilver reside, and the water is ejected by inclination; and the crassament that remains, which is whitish, is called Powder of Mercury. But in what proportion it should be mixed, how it may be perfectly dealbated, and with what vertue it is indued, I need not recenseate, lest Empiricks and Pseudopharmacopoeans abuse it: but if it be made as P. Pijardus, a learned Parisian Medick taught, its vertues are eximious and efficacious in curing some Diseases, which will not yield to vulgar Medicaments.

An APPENDIX. Of some Pills not Solutive.

EAch Medicament is by singular dexterity and ingenuity, effin∣ged into a form proper for the diseased. Thus some Purgatives are liquid, others solid, and others in a mean: some Medicaments onely purge, others onely roborate, and others alter, and some per∣form all: but Pills are for the most part purgative; for all of them, except a few, subduce the Belly, and are exhibited especially when supervacaneous succes are to be educed from remote parts: for in such a form and consistence, they abide longer in the ventricle, and their vertue is more easily carried to the parts diseased, and oppres∣sed with excrementitious humours. When therefore we would have a Medicament stay longer in the ventricle, we give it in a solid form; and such are not onely the prescribed purgative Pills, but the Hy∣pnotical and Arterial ones that follow.

CHAP. 22. Pilulae de Cynoglosso; or, Pills of Dogs-tongue.

℞ of Myrrhe ʒ vj. Olibanum ʒ v. the root of Hounds-tongue, Henbane∣seed, Opium, of each ʒ iij. Saffron, Castoreum, of each ʒ j. ss. and with Syrupe of Stoechados, make it up into a mass, which let be conve∣niently reposed for use.

The COMMENTARY.

The Neotericks have retained the old description, but not the name of these Pills: for Mesue their Author calls them from their effect, Pills for all diseases; but these call them Pills of Cyno∣gloss, which is neither for quantity nor quality prepollent therein: perhaps they mistake Cynogloss for Arnogloss, which might more properly give them denomination; for seeing Mesue described them for astriction, Arnogloss being of an astrictive quality, was more convenient; but we, with Fernelius, admit of the new name, and adde Castorium for the castigation of Opium: But we think, that Rho∣dostagm or Rose-water, is altogether inconvenient for the receipt of the powders, if we would have the mass of a legitimate consistence, or fit to be kept; and we substitute in its stead Syrupe of Stcechados, by whose quality the head will be roborated, and armed against the nocuments of Opium, and by its lentour the powders will be coacted into a more idoneous mass: as for its confection, the root of Cy∣nogloss must first be brayed with the seed of Henbane, and then the other simples apart; the brayed Opium must be first subacted by the Syrupe, then the other powders must be mixed, and coacted into a mass.

They conciliate sleep, stay Catarrhs, distillations of the head, * 1.48 the Cough, and such succedent affections: for they cohibit all distil∣lations, whether upon the Breast and Lungs, or Teeth, or elswhere.

CHAP. 23. Of Laudanum.

NOt many years ago, there arose a company of Pseudo-Medicks, who in stead of the usual Pills of Cynogloss, exhibited a cer∣tain confection, which they called Laudanum; whereby they pro∣mised not onely to conciliate sleep, but abigate all diseases. I then saw a Circulator, who boasted by his Laudanum, to revoke men al∣most exanimated or half dead, and man the Encomium of this Medicine so won upon men, that no Empirick so stupid, no Medi∣caster so dull, nor Tonsor so plebeious, but he was a Laudanister, or else not worth flaming.

I wooed some with prayers, some with price, to tell me this Me∣dicament; but found amongst twenty of its descriptions, not one like another: yea, he that was most ignorant, would profess he had the best.

But I heard some Mountebanks exhibit Pills of Cynogloss for Laudanum, extorting for each Pill the weight of half a scruple in gold. And thus were the credulous Plebeians, drawn with new names, and unusual words, circumvented by the subtilty of these rafrous Juglers.

The descriptions of Laudanum given by more perite Alchymists, are seldome and hardly made; for they consist of the best of Gems, Hyacinths, and Corals; of the essence of Saffron and Opium; of the Oyls of Cinamon, Cloves; Liquor of Margarites, Powder of Unicorns-horn, of the Bezar-stone, Amber-grise, and other precious stones: and doubtless a confection of these materials must needs be eximious: and I approve of the learned rich Alchymists acts, who make, keep, and exhibit this to the diseased: but alas! the improbous do so impose upon us, that we can scarce give the honest and good. I saw a certain Laudanum exhibited by a learned Princely Medick, which wrought happy effects.

This sequel one is eximious, and easie to be made.

℞ of the extract of the Pills of Hounds-tongue ʒ ij. * 1.49 the extract of the Roman Philonium, and Treacle, of each ℥ j. Amber, Mosch, of each ℈ ss. Bezoar-stone, Monoceros born, of each gr. vj. Saffron ℈ j. and with oy of Cloves make it up into Laudanum.

There might be innumerable descriptions thereof given: for every one, though meanly learned, strives to adde or detract at pleasure; either for the fame, or imitation of other opiate Medicaments, as of Philonium, by which name Crato designed Laudanum, which he held to be nothing but a certain Philonium, which many Alchy∣mists take for the basis of their Laudanum; and by adding magiste∣ries, essences, and tinctures, make an hypnotical Medicament, more commendable then the vulgar Philonium. But I admire most, that every one changes the form of his Medicament, and that none can know which is the genuine, true, and best description thereof: which some take from Paracelsus, others from Keckius; some from Andernacus, others from Brunerius; and others from others: and alwayes change something, that they may be thought the first Au∣thors. I could here adduce many descriptions, but it would be use∣less labour. The Chymists call it Laudanum, as though it were the most laudable Medicament; which they sometimes call also Ne∣penthe.

Of Bechicall Pills.

CHAP. 24. Pill. Bechicae Nigrae; or, black Bechical Pills. D.Mes.

℞ of the jayce of Liquorice, white Sugar, of each ʒ vj. Starch, Traga∣canth, sweet Almonds, blanched and beaten, of each ʒ iij. and with the the musilidge of Quince seeds made in Rose water, make thereof a mass.

The COMMENTARY.

This mass is not kept whole, after the manner of other pills, but

divided into particles, of a whole or half scruples weight; which are after formed at pleasure, one while into triangular or multifa∣tious Trochisks; another while into round lumps or Pills: whence some refer them to Pastils, others to Pills. But seeing they should be holden under the tongue, a sphaerical form is most convenient for them, for so they may be abvolved all over, and liquefie in all the parts of the mouth. For which use, other Trochisks may be made, as we have shewed in the twentieth Chapter, first Section and fifth Book of our Institutions. The manner of their confection is easie. Decorticated Almonds must first be minutely incided with a Knife, then levigated on a Marble: then Amylum and Sugar must be taken: afterwards the succe of Liquorice must be bray'd in a pretty hot metalline morter; then Tragacanthum: let all then be made with the Mucago, into some paste, whereof plain Pills may be made, dryed and kept.

Black Bechical Pills, cure dry coughs, * 1.50 arising from sharp and calid matter, as also asperity, and hoarseness, and hard excretion of the beart, as Mesue shews (cap. de tussil. in sua praxi.)

CHAP. 25. Pil. Bechicaealbae; or, white Bechical Pills.

℞ of the powder of Florentine, Orris, Starch, of each ℥ j. ss. Sugar candy, Pennidees, of each ℥ iiij. white Sugar lb j. and with the Musilidge of Gum Thraganth extracted in Rose water, make a mass, which form into rowles and Troches.

The COMMENTARY.

Seeing the Author of these Pills is uncertain, every one doth at will change their description, by adding or detracting something. But we have exhibited the most usual form whereby Pills that are Bechical, grateful and white may be made: the manner whereof is well known to all.

They are much commended for leniating the asperity of the jaws, * 1.51 outing cough and hoarseness, and moving spittle.

Thus I think I have sufficiently described, not onely all forms of purgative Medicaments, but purgative necessary in a Pharmaco∣poly. It now remains that in the sequent Book I describe Roboratives and Alteratives.

Finis Libri Secundi.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Vires.
• * 1.2

  Vires.
• * 1.3

  Vires.
• * 1.4

  Vires.
• * 1.5

  Epithi∣mum.
• * 1.6

  Vires.
• * 1.7

  Vires.
• * 1.8

  Vires.
• * 1.9

  Winter∣flag.
• * 1.10

  Vires.
• * 1.11

  Polytricus
• * 1.12

  Esula.
• * 1.13

  Vires.
• * 1.14

  Vires.
• * 1.15

  Vires.
• * 1.16

  Vires.
• * 1.17

  Vires.
• * 1.18

  Vires.
• * 1.19

  Vires.
• * 1.20

  The Roots.
• * 1.21

  Vires.
• * 1.22

  Vires.
• * 1.23

  Vires.
• * 1.24

  Vires.
• * 1.25

  Honey & Wine.
• * 1.26

  Vires.
• * 1.27

  Vires.
• * 1.28

  Vires.
• * 1.29

  Vires.
• * 1.30

  Vires.
• * 1.31

  Vires.
• * 1.32

  Vires.
• * 1.33

  Vires.
• * 1.34

  Vires.
• * 1.35

  Vires.
• * 1.36

  Vires.
• * 1.37

  Vires.
• * 1.38

  Vires.
• * 1.39

  Vires.
• * 1.40

  Vires.
• * 1.41

  Vires.
• * 1.42

  Esula.
• * 1.43

  Vires.
• * 1.44

  Epithimus
• () 1.45

  Esula.
• * 1.46

  Vires.
• * 1.47

  Vires.
• * 1.48

  Vires.
• * 1.49

  Laudanum. Androm.
• * 1.50

  Vires.
• * 1.51

  Vires.