The life of John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the times of Q. Elizabeth and K. James I written by Sir George Paule ; to which is added a treatise intituled, Conspiracy for pretended reformation, written in the year 1591, by Richard Cosin ...

THE LIFE OF THE Most Reverend Prelate JOHN WHITGIFT, Archbishop of Canterbury.

1. A Wise and Excellent * 1.1 Historian saith; It hath always been a Matter of free liber∣ty, and least subject to Detraction, to speak of those, whom Death hath exempt∣ed from hatred or favour. A Speech that moved me to write (whilest ma∣ny other, better able, look on) the Life of the most Reverend, and Worthy Prelate John Whitgift, Archbishop of

Canterbury, to the end that Posterity might take true notice of the worth of such, as have well guided the Stern of this Church, and settled the Peace thereof; and render unto him, as unto other Men, the due Honour and Com∣mendation, which he hath deserved.

2. He came of the Ancient Family * 1.2 of Whitgift of Whitgift in Yorkshire. His Grandfather, John Whitgift, Gen∣tleman, had many Children; some whereof he made Scholars, others he placed abroad in several Courses of Life, disposing his Father Henry Whit∣gift, to be a Merchant at Great Grimsby in Lincolnshire. Where he married Ann Dynewell, a virtuous young Woman, of good Parentage in that Town, of whom this our Archbishop came, and was there Born in the Year of our Lord, * 1.3 1530. being the Eldest of his Fathers Sons, who were five in number, besides himself, viz. William, George, Philip, Richard, and Jeffery.

3. He had an Uncle called Robert Whitgift, Abbot of the Monastry of Wellow, in the County of Lincoln, near Grimsby, who teaching divers young Gentlemen, took like pains also with him. In which time (as he was pleased

often to remember) he heard his Un∣cle, * 1.4 the Abbot say, That they, and their Religion could not long continue, because (said he) I have read the whole Scripture over and over, and could never find there∣in that our Religion was founded by God: And for proof of his Opinion, the Ab∣bot would alledge that saying of our Saviour; Omnis plantatio, quam non plantavit pater meus caelestis eradicabitur: Every planting which my Heavenly * 1.5 Father hath not planted, shall be root∣ed up.

4. His Uncle, finding an extraordi∣nary towardliness in him, sent him af∣terwards * 1.6 to London, where he became a Scholar in St. Anthony's School, and boarded at his Aunts House in Paul's Church-yard; she being the Wife of Michael Shaller, a Verger of that Church. There he escaped a great danger, ly∣ing with another Scholar that had the * 1.7 plague, and coming in the Summer∣time Hot and Thirsty from School, drunk his Urine out of a Pot or Cruse, stand∣ing at his Beds-head in stead of Drink; and was not sick after it, though his Bedfellow died.

5. From St. Anthony's School he re∣paired * 1.8 to Grimsby to his Parents, being

thrust out of Doors by his Aunt, be∣cause he would not (as she often re∣quired and solicited him by the Canons of Pauls) go with her to morrow Mass; imputing all her Losses and domestick Misfortunes to her harbouring of such an Heretique within her Doors; and, for a farewel told him, That she thought at the first, she had received a Saint into her House, but now she perceived he was a Devil.

6. His Parents finding that he had * 1.9 much profited in his Learning, sent him, by the advice and direction of his Uncle, the Abbot, to Cambridge, where he was first of Queen's College; but li∣king not the Education and Disposition of some there, went to Pembroke-Hall: Dr. Ridley (afterwards Bishop of Lon∣don) being there Master, who hearing by Mr. Bradford, his Tutor, of his great towardliness and small means, (by rea∣son of his Father's Losses at Sea) made him Scholar, and then Mr. Gurth be∣came his Tutor; from thence he was * 1.10 chosen Fellow of Peterhouse, Dr. Pearne being then Master there.

7. Whilst he was Fellow of that * 1.11 House, he fell grievously Sick, and was by commandment of Dr. Pearne (who

much tendred him in regard of his good Parts) carried to an House near the College, whither Dr. Pearne came of∣ten to visit him, and willed the Wo∣man * 1.12 of the House that he should want nothing; neither should she spare any cost for his good, and the recovery of his Health, saying, that if he lived, he would be able to defray the Charge himself; but if he died, the said Dr. Pearne would satisfy her, and pay for all things.

8. When it pleased God to restore him to his former Health, he determi∣ned * 1.13 to Travel beyond the Seas, pur∣posely to avoid certain Visitors sent in Queen Mary's time to the University, to establish Popery, and to enjoyn the young Fellows and Scholars to take Primam tonsuram, being their first en∣trance into Popish Orders.

9. Dr. Pearne hearing of this his pur∣pose, * 1.14 talked with him, and found him resolute in his Religion, yielding (as Dr. Pearne often acknowledged after∣wards) many good and sound Reasons therefore; whereupon the Doctor wil∣led him to be silent, and not trouble∣some in uttering his Opinion, whereby others might take occasion to call him

in question: and he for his part, would wink at him, and so order the matter, that he might continue his Religion, and not travel out of the University; which accordingly the good old Man justly performed. For which his Favour the Archbishop carried a loving, faith∣ful, and true heart towards him unto his dying Day.

10. He Commenced Batchelor of * 1.15 Arts in the Year 1553. Master of Arts, 1556. Batchelor of Divinity, 1562. Doctor of Divinity, 1569. at which time he answered the Divinity Act pub∣lickly in the Commencement, wherein he maintained this Position, Papa est Ille Antichristus.

11. After he was entered into the Ministry, (which was upon the Year 1560.) being to Preach his first Pub∣lick Sermon in St. Mary's, he chose * 1.16 for his Text that excellent saying of St. Paul, I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, &c. wherein his singular Me∣thod, choice of Matter, and judicious handling thereof, were such, that his whole Auditory, especially the chief of the University, grew into great admi∣ration of those great Parts in so young Years.

12. From being Fellow of Peter-house, * 1.17 he succeeded Dr. Hutton, late Archbishop of York, in the Mastership of Pembroke-Hall; being then Chaplain to Dr. Cox, Bishop of Ely, by whose means he had a Prebend in Ely, and the Parsonage of Teversam near Cam∣bridge.

13. He was also chosen Divinity * 1.18 Reader of the Lady Margaret's Lecture, which he discharged with so great li∣king of the whole University, that for his sake they encreased the Stipend from Twenty Marks to Twenty Pounds, and afterwards he was made the Queen's * 1.19 publick Professor of Divinity.

14. Whilst he read these two Le∣ctures, the publick Schools were fre∣quented with throngs of Students in Divinity, Young, and Old; such was his diligence, great learning, and ex∣traordinary gifts shewed in the reading thereof; insomuch as many of the pre∣cise Faction were his daily Auditors, and the Lectures themselves so highly accounted of (especially those, which he read upon the Apocalyps, and the * 1.20 Epistle to the Hebrews) that through the importunity of divers his honoura∣ble Friends (then his Pupils) and others

of great learning, and judgment, he was persuaded to set down those his Le∣ctures in writing, which are like short∣ly for their excellency and worth, to be published for the common benefit.

15. His singular, and extraordinary * 1.21 gift in preaching, caused him, upon the recommendation of Sir Nicholas Ba∣con, the then Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, and Sir William Cecill, principal Secretary (afterwards Lord Treasurer of England) to be sent for to preach before Her Majesty, who took * 1.22 so great liking of him, for his method, and matter, that, hearing his Name to be Whitgift, she said he had a white∣gift indeed. And as his Gifts were then esteemed white, so his Fortune after∣wards proved white, and happy; his good Name and Reputation white, and spotless: so that it may be properly said of him, that he was gallinae filius albae.

16. Her Majesty within four Months * 1.23 after that he was Master of Pembroke-Hall, made him Master of Trinity Col∣lege, and caused him immediately af∣ter to be sworn her Chaplain.

17. IN the College, at his first en∣trance, * 1.24 he found much division, (especially amongst such as laboured innovation in the Church) being begun and headed in the government of his Predecessor Master D. Beaumont. Yet did he in short time wisely appease these * 1.25 Stirs, and governed for five years space with great quietness both of the whole Company, and himself, until Master Thomas Cartwright (a Fellow of that College) his last return from beyond the Seas.

18. The first discontentment of the * 1.26 said Master Cartwright grew at a Dispu∣tation in the University before Queen Elizabeth, because Master Preston (then of King's College, and afterward Ma∣ster of Trinity Hall) for his comely Ge∣sture, and pleasing Pronunciation, was both liked and rewarded by her Majesty, and himself received neither reward, nor commendation; presuming of his own good Scholarship, but wanting indeed that comely grace and behaviour which the other had. This his no small grief he uttered unto divers of his in∣ward Friends in Trinity College, who were also very much discontented, be∣cause

the honour of the Disputation did not redound unto their College.

19. Mr. Cartwright, immediately af∣ter * 1.27 her Majesty's neglect of him, began to wade into divers Opinions, as that of the Discipline, and to kick against her Ecclesiastical Government; he also then grew highly conceited of himself for Learning, and Holiness, and a great Contemner of others that were not of his mind. And although the Learning and Qualities of any were never so mean, yet if he affected Master Cart∣wright, and his Opinions, he should be in great estimation with him, accord∣ing to the saying of the Poet:—

Praecipui sunto, sitque illis aurea barba.

But if he were against him in his fanci∣ful Conceits, though he were never so good a Scholar, or so good a Man, he could not brook or like of him; as of Dr. Whitaker, and others: And al∣though in their Elections of Scholars into that College, they made as good choise as any other, either before, or in their time, yet could he never afford the Electors, nor Parties elected, a good word, unless they sided with him in his Fancies.

20. And that he might the better * 1.28 feed his Humour with these conceited Novelties, he travailed to Geneva; where observing the Government and Discipline of that Church to be by cer∣tain Ecclesiastical Superintendents, and Lay-Elders, or Presbyters (as they cal∣led them,) he was so far carried away with an affection of that new devised Discipline, as that he thought all Churches and Congregations for Go∣vernment Ecclesiastical, were to be measured and squared by the practice of Geneva.

21. Therefore, when he returned * 1.29 home, he took many exceptions against the Established Government of our Church, disallowing the Vocation of our Archbishops, Bishops, Archdeacons, and other Ecclesiastical Officers; the Administration of our Holy Sacra∣ments, and observation of our Rites and Ceremonies; and buzzing these Conceits into the Heads of divers young Preachers and Scholars of the Universi∣ty, he drew after him a great number of Disciples and Followers. And upon a Sunday (Doctor Whitgift being from home) Master Cartwright with some of his Adherents, made three Sermons in

that one day; wherein they so vehe∣mently inveighed (amongst other Ce∣remonies of our Church) against the Surpless, as those of Trinity College * 1.30 were so moved therewith, that at Evening Prayer they cast off their Sur∣plesses (though against the Statutes of the House) and were all placed in the Chappel without Surplesses, three only excepted; Doctor Legge, Mr. West, and the Chaplain. By reason of which Stirs, both that private College was greatly distracted, and the whole Uni∣versity much perplexed and troubled.

22. For these his Opinions were now broached not only at home in their Col∣lege Sermons, and Domestical Com∣mon-Places, but by Master Cartwright himself, and his Adherents, in the pub∣lick Church of the whole University; wherein they mightily declamed a∣gainst the Ordination of our Priests, and Deacons, and greatly traduced the Heads and Governors of the Colleges, because they attended the Service of those Places. The Reverend Bishops, and Fathers of the Church, for their due observing Ecclesiastical Rules, and Constitutions, were by them much per∣stringed, the Established Church paral∣ling

(as they termed it) the Romish Hierarchy, was also much reproached and disgraced.

23. Dr. Whitgift, after that Master * 1.31 Cartwright and his Complices had broached this his dangerous Doctrine, would always the Sunday following in the same Church, answer and confute their Opinions, with such commenda∣tion, and applause, as thereby he much quieted and setled the judgment of ma∣ny, that otherwise were enclining to this Innovation, and gained a singular opinion of the most Learned and Judi∣cious throughout the whole Univer∣sity.

24. When by this course he had * 1.32 somewhat appeased these Stirs, Master Cartwright did not yet cease, but by se∣cret Instigations set on others of his own humour to continue them; who in their College Exercises (which they call Common-places) and also in their open Sermons, would prick at him with the Swords of their Tongues, and other∣whiles uncharitably through the Sides of others pierce and wound him; some∣times furiously without regard of duty, shame, or modesty, would strike down∣right at him. For it then was (and I

pray God it still be not) a thing too frequent with that Generation to tax their Superiors, and to accuse their Go∣vernment, as also to asperse them and it with many unjust Calumniations.

25. Notwithstanding, so far was he from entring into any rigorous course of proceeding against them (as justly he might have done by the Statutes of the College, and publick Laws of the State) as that with great sufferance he winked at and passed by many of * 1.33 these Wrongs and Enormities, and in∣stead of revenge, he by gentleness and goodness heaped coals upon the Adver∣saries heads, as also for rough and un∣seemly Speeches, he breathed nothing but sweet breath of love, and peace, often exhorting them to call to God for Grace, that they might have more so∣ber consideration and better judgment of Orders established, which then they mistook to be amiss. For (as a Learn∣ed man truly saith of them) those fer∣vent * 1.34 reprehenders of things established by publick Authority, are always confident, and bold spirited men: but their confidence, (for the most part) riseth from too much credit given to their own Wits; for which cause they are seldom free from Errors.

26. The state of the University being * 1.35 in this sort mervailously disquieted by Master Cartwright, and his Abettors, Doctor Whitgift wisely foresaw that these sparks of Sedition, if in time they were not quenched, would grow to a great flame, to the endangering not on∣ly of the University, but of the whole Church (as every one knoweth it after∣ward fell out); and therefore to cure this Evil, if it might be, in the begin∣ning, he oftentimes sent to Master Cart∣wright, * 1.36 and in friendly and kind manner, advised him to surcease from those Courses: But finding him always wil∣fully bent, and finally obstinate; to pre∣vent further mischief, he with the Se∣niors of the House, called him in que∣stion; * 1.37 and having sufficient matter of Expulsion against him, for uttering some Errors in his Lectures, and not recanting, nor expounding them; be∣ing by the Master and Seniors so ap∣pointed, and for exercising the Fun∣ction of a Minister, having no Letters of Orders (which he had either torn, or suppressed, for that he thought it not lawful by his own Doctrine to use them) and for transgressing the Sta∣tutes of the House in divers other

Points, he expelled him the House; * 1.38 and being Vice-Chancellor, caused him likewise to be deprived of the Lady Margaret's Lecture, which then he read.

27. Before which course of proceed∣ing with him, Doctor Whitgift (under∣standing that Master Cartwright had gi∣ven it out, that his dangerous Asser∣tions were rather repressed by Autho∣rity, than refelled by Truth, and strength of Reason) wished him to forbear such disturbance of the publick Peace of the Church, and often offered him to enter a quieter course for trial of the truth of * 1.39 his Cause by Conference, and Writing; which he always refused to accept, as may appear by an Act recorded in the Registry Book of the University of Cam∣bridge, under the Testimony and Sub∣scription of the chief Heads, bearing date the 18th of March, 1570. in these words.

WHereas it is reported that Ma∣ster * 1.40 Cartwright, offering Disputations and Conference, touching the Assertions uttered by him, and subscribed with his Hand, and that he could not obtain his request therein;

This is to testify, that in the presence of Us, whose Names are here-under writ∣ten, and in our hearing, the said Ma∣ster Cartwright was offered conference of divers, and namely of M. Doctor Whitgift, who offered, that if the said Master Cartwright would set down his Assertions in writing, and his Rea∣sons unto them, he would answer the same in writing also; The which Ma∣ster Cartwright refused to do. Fur∣ther, the said Doctor Whitgift, at such time as Master Cartwright was deprived of his Lecture, did in our presence ask the said Master Cart∣wright, whether he had both publick∣ly and privately divers times offered the same Conference unto him by wri∣ting, or not. To which Master Cart∣wright answered, that he had been so offered, and that he refused the same. Moreover, the said Master Cartwright did never offer any Disputation, but upon these Conditions; viz. That he might know who should be his Adversa∣ries, and who should be his Judges; meaning such Judges as he himself could best like of. Neither was this kind of Disputation denied unto him, but only he was required to obtain licence of the

Queen's Majesty, or the Counsel, be∣cause his Assertions be repugnant to the state of the Commonwealth, which may not be called into question by publick disputation, without licence of the Prince, or her Highness's Counsel.

• John Whitgift, Vice-Chancellour.
• Andrew Pearne.
• John Mey.
• Edward Hawford.
• William Chadderton.
• Henry Harvy.
• Thomas Ithell.
• Thomas Bing.

ET ego Matthaeus Stokis Sa∣rum Dioces, in Artibus Ma∣gister publicus Authoritate legitima Notarius, quia interfui deprivationi dicti Cartwright factae undecimo die Decembris, Anno 1570. & tunc & ibidem audivi Doctorem Whitgift interrogantem eum Cart∣wright de praemissis allegatis, & M. Cartwright eadem confiten∣tem; Ideo, in fidem & testimoni∣um

praemissorum, nomen meum re∣quisitus superscripsi, Anno Domini 1570.

28. Not long after (at which time her Highness had summoned a Parlia∣ment) some of principal note amongst these Disciplinarians thought that the fittest time either to effect their desires by some Abettors in that high Assembly, or at least to disperse their Opinions into all the parts of the Kingdom. To which end they then published a Sedi∣tious Treatise, entituled, An Admoni∣tion * 1.41 to the Parliament; being indeed the very Summary both of their Opini∣ons touching Church matters, and of their shameless Slanders against the Go∣vernors thereof.

29. And albeit Doctor Whitgift consi∣dered that this Libel was unworthy any serious confutation, yet in regard of the great applause it found among the green Heads of the University (who were greedy of Novelties) and to stop the current of so dangerous Positions, he spared not his pains in writing a learn∣ed * 1.42 Answer; therein laying open the weakness of that Cause, and the strength

of their Malice, who so hotly pursued the same; which being published upon the Year 1572. won him no less repu∣tation with the learneder sort, than the former had with the young and weaker Brains, yea even those who had formerly thought the Admonition unan∣swerable, found the rashness of their Censures by the soundness of that Refu∣tation.

30. Whereupon Master Cartwright, notwithstanding his former refusal to enter into the list with Doctor Whit∣gift (as is aforesaid) seeing both the walls and foundation of his new-found∣ed Church-government already shaken, and tottering, endeavoured to under∣prop the same with a Reply. The weak∣ness * 1.43 whereof Doctor Whitgift displayed in his Defence of the Answer to the Ad∣monition, against the Reply.

30. But Master Cartwright (glorying belike to have the last word) published a second Reply, fraught with no other * 1.44 stuff, than had been before refuted, yet Doctor Whitgift addressing himself to answer it, was by the advice of some (whose Judgments he much esteemed) dissuaded from troubling himself, in refuting that which he had already

overthrown. Amongst others who dis∣suaded him, the learned Doctor Whita∣ker was one; against whose Judgment the Adversary can no way justly except. His words in his Letter to Doctor Whitgift are these; Quem Cartwright us * 1.45 nuper emisit libellum ejus magnam partem perlegi. Ne vivam, si quid unquam vi∣derim dissolutius, ac penè puerilius. Ver∣borum satis ille quidem lautam, ac novam supellectilem habet, rerum omnino nullam, quantum ego judicare possum. Deinde, non modò perversè de Principis in rebus sacris, atque Ecclesiasticis aucthoritate sen∣tit, sed in Papistarum etiam castra trans∣fugit, à quibus tamen videri vult odio ca∣pitali dissidere. Verum nec in hac causa ferendus, & aliis etiam in partibus tela à Papistis mutuatur. Denique ut de Ambro∣sio dixit Hieronimus, verbis ludit, sen∣tentiis dormitat, & planè indignus est, qui à quopiam docto refutetur. I have read over (saith he) a great part of the Book which Master Cartwright hath lately set forth; Let me not live if I ever saw any thing more loose, and almost more childish. As for words, indeed he hath store of them, both trim, and fresh e∣nough; but as for matter he hath none at all: Besides this, he hath not only

peevish Assertions touching the Princes Authority in matters Sacred, and Eccle∣siastical, but he also flatly revolteth from us to the Camp of the Papists, from whom he would seem to fly with dead∣ly hatred. And not in this Cause only is he unsufferable, but in other Points also he borroweth his Weapons and Ar∣guments from the Papists. And in a word, as Hierome sometime said of Am∣brose; he is in his words but a trifler, and for his matter but a dreamer, and altogether unworthy to be refuted by any man of Learning.

32. Master Cartwright after these Controversies thus begun, and conti∣nued by himself, as you see, lived some∣times beyond the Seas, now in one place, and then in another, without attaining any eminent or certain Place in the Commonwealth, save only the Mastership of an Hospital in Warwick.

33. But Doctor Whitgift having con∣tinued Master of Trinity College ten years, and being twice Vice-chancellor, was by her Majesty preferred also to the Deanry of Lincoln, which he held for * 1.46 the space of seven years; so long as he remained in Cambridge.

34. By his Government in Trinity * 1.47 College he made many excellent Scho∣lars, that came afterwards to great Pre∣ferment in the Church, and Common∣wealth, five whereof were in his time Bishops, that then were Fellows of the College when he was Master, and some of them his Pupils; besides many Deans, and others of Dignity and Estimation in the Church at this day.

35. He had divers Earls and Noble∣mens * 1.48 Sons to his Pupils, as namely the Earls of Worcester, and Cumberland, the Lord Zouch, the Lord Dunboy of Ireland, Sir Nicholas, and Sir Francis Bacon, now his Majesty's Solicitor General, in whom he took great comfort, as well for their singular Towardliness, as for their obser∣vance of him, and performance of many good Offices towards him. All which * 1.49 together with the rest of the Scholars of that House, he held to their publick * 1.50 Disputations, and Exercises, and Prayers, which he never missed, chiefly for De∣votion, and withal to observe others ab∣sence, always severely punishing such Omissions and Negligences.

36. He usually dined and supped in the Common Hall, as well to have a watchful Eye over the Scholars, and to

keep them in a mannerly and awful obedience, as by his Example, to teach them to be contented with a Scholar∣like College Diet.

37. The sway and Rule he then did bear through the whole University, the Records themselves will sufficiently te∣stify; for by his meer travail and labour, and the Credit which he had with her Majesty, and the Lord Burghly, then Lord Treasurer of England, and Chan∣cellor of Cambridge, he procured an al∣teration and amendment of the Statutes * 1.51 of the University. In which kind of Affairs, and Business, all the Heads of the Houses were directed and advised by him, as from an Oracle; For common∣ly whatsoever he spake or did, they still concurred with him, and would do no∣thing without him.

38. He never took the foil at any man's hands, during his ten years con∣tinuance in Trinity College; being therein not unlike unto Pittacus in his * 1.52 ten years Government of Mitilene, Cui nunquam, per id tempus, contigit in ali∣quâ causâ, quam in se susciperet cadere. For as the Causes he dealt in were al∣ways just, so his Success was ever pros∣perous, wherein his singular Wisdom

was to be noted, and his Courage and * 1.53 Stoutness in his Attempts were observed of the greatest; and the general Fame thereof remaineth yet fresh in the Uni∣versity, and will continue as his Badge, and Cognizance, so long as his Memory lasteth. And yet that Stoutness of his was so well tempered, and mingled with his other Virtue of Mildness, and Pa∣tience, * 1.54 that Master Hooker made this true observation of him, He always go∣verned with that moderation, which useth by patience, to suppress boldness, and to make them conquer, that suffer, which, I think, well suted with his Posey, or Motto; Vincit Qut Patitur.

39. The first Wound which those fervent Reprehenders received at Doctor Whitgift's hands, and his prudent order of Government, together with his singular gift in Preaching, made his Fame spread, and gained him so great estimation, that her Majesty was pleased to make choice * 1.55 of him, before many others of eminent Place in the Church, to be Bishop of Worcester. Upon which his Advance∣ment he first took his leave of the whole University, by a publick Sermon which he preached in St. Mary's Church; wherein he exhorted them to peace.

And afterwards by a private Sermon in Trinity College he gave unto that Socie∣ty such a godly and learned Exhortation * 1.56 for their continuance and constancy in peace and unity, as it so moved their Affections, that they burst out into Tears, insomuch that there were scarce any dry Eyes to be found amongst the whole number. He chose for his Text the same Farewel which St. Paul gave to the Corinthians; Finally, brethren, fare * 1.57 you well: Be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace, and the God of love and peace shall be with you.

40. IN June following he was attend∣ed, * 1.58 and accompanied on his way from Cambridge towards Worcester, with a great Troop of the Heads, and others of choice account in the University, and with exceeding lamentation, and sor∣row of all sorts, for the loss they con∣ceived they had of so worthy a Go∣vernor.

41. But their grief for the loss of * 1.59 him was not so great, as was the joy of them who had found him, amongst whom it pleased her Majesty to grace his very first entrance both in forgiving him his First-fruits (a Princely and ex∣traordinary

Bounty) as also in bestow∣ing on him (for the better encourage∣ment and provision of his Chaplains, and other learned men about him) the disposing of all the Prebends of that Church of Worcester, during his conti∣nuance there.

42. He found the Bishoprick at his * 1.60 first coming much impaired by his Pre∣decessors granting away in long Leases, divers Manors, Parks, and Mansion∣houses: But that which much troubled him, and wherein he most of all stirred, * 1.61 was the letting to Master Abington, Cof∣ferer to the late Queen, the Rent-corn of his two best Manors, Hollow and Grimley, which is the chief upholding of the Bishop's Hospitality, and with∣out which (especially in dear Years) he is not able to keep House. This Lease being let to Master Abington (a great Man then to contend withal; his Wife also being sometimes the Queen's Bed∣fellow) the Bishop notwithstanding did * 1.62 call it in question; having now (be∣sides his Honourable Friends, the Lord Keeper, and the Lord Treasurer) gain∣ed by his attendance at Court many more about her Majesty, who much favoured him, and professed great love

unto him; especially the Earl of Leice∣ster, Sir Christopher Hatton, Vice-Cham∣berlain, * 1.63 and Sir Francis Walsingham, Principal Secretary; all in special grace with her Highness. Master Abington by his Wife's greatness, procured her Majesty's gracious Letters, written very earnestly in his behalf. The Bishop re∣turning * 1.64 answer unto her Majesty, and enforming her by means of his honoura∣ble Friends, how prejudicial it was unto the Bishoprick, she was thereupon much displeased with Master Abington, and took part with the Bishop; insomuch as Master Abington was willing to have yielded the said Rent-Corn for the Bi∣shop's own time, so that his Lease might have still stood on foot against his Successor, which the Bishop utter∣ly refused, and in the end was rather contented, by way of composition (not∣withstanding * 1.65 that the Lease was void, because the Rent-Corn was never be∣fore let) to give Master Abington Three hundred pounds out of his own Purse, to have the Lease surrendred, and to redeem the said Corn; which yet re∣maineth, and I hope ever will, unto his Successor in that See.

43. Some have accounted Worcester∣shire happy, in having so kind and lo∣ving men to their Bishops, and others impute it to the good Nature and Dis∣position of the People, that so love and kindly use their Bishops, that thereby (unless they be too inflexible, and harsh) they cannot but in requital of their loves, entertain them with reciprocal kindnesses. But howsoever it be, such * 1.66 was the mutual love betwixt this Bi∣shop, and the Gentlemen there, that they delighted much to converse toge∣ther; especially at Assizes and Sessions, the Bishop would commonly reside at Worcester to give the Judges and Ju∣stices entertainment. There was no speeding of Commissions for service of the Country, nor any appointment for the Justices meeting for such pur∣poses, but ever the Bishop's pleasure was first known for time, and place; and the rest of the Gentlemen accord∣ingly attended him: He would often∣times make appointment of Meetings, either at his own House, or some of theirs, for some commendable Recrea∣tion, or Exercises; whereby still to keep the Gentlemen by their continual repair to each other, in mutual love and concord.

44. If he had understood of any Jar, * 1.67 or Discord, he would send for both Parties, unawares to each other, under pretence of some service to be done, or some meeting appointed; and before their departure would make them Friends. If he perceived a froward∣ness in either of them, and that by in∣treaty he could not prevail, then would he leave persuasion, and intreaty; and, as being Vice-President of the Marches of Wales (which Place her Majesty shortly after he was made a Bishop, be∣stowed upon him) threaten the Obsti∣nate with imprisonment, or safe custo∣dy, till he should reform himself. Of which his Resolution, when the Gen∣tlemen of the chiefest sway and account had experience, they then would grow calm, and submit themselves, and he as mildly and gently did use them, when he saw them coming. One par∣ticular instance (among many) I will give you, of Sir John Russell, and * 1.68 Sir Henry Barkeley; betwixt whom was so deadly a Quarrel, as that great Blood∣shed was like to have ensued at a Sessi∣ons in Worcester, by reason of their ma∣ny Friends, and Followers, had not the Bishop wisely prevented it, by provi∣ding

a strong Watch at the Gates, and about the City, and requiring them to bring both Parties, with their Atten∣dance, well guarded to his Palace, where he caused them all to the num∣ber of four or five hundred, to deliver their Weapons into his own Servants custody; and after two hours pains taken, sometimes in persuading, and otherwhiles in threatning them, he made them so good Friends, as they both attended him Hand in Hand to the Town-Hall, where they performed the Service of their Country in amity and love, and ever after held him in great honour and estimation therefore. Where∣in he was much happier than Bias, who reporteth of himself, that He never ar∣bitrated * 1.69 any Controversy between two of his Friends, but he made one of them his Enemy.

45. A year after his Consecration to that Bishoprick, he was (as before is mentioned) made Vice-President of * 1.70 the Marches of Wales, (Sir Henry Sid∣ney, his very honourable Friend, being then Lord President, and at that time, Lord Deputy of Ireland) where albeit the Bishop might immediately have ta∣ken upon him, according to his place,

to direct the Court, having an excellent quick Understanding, a good facility in Speech, and a deep and sound Judg∣ment, gained by his long experience in Government in Cambridge, and else∣where, where his Sufficiency and Pa∣tience were tried to the proof; yet not∣withstanding it was a whole Year be∣fore * 1.71 he would almost speak in the pub∣lick Affairs, much less take upon him to bear any sway, but still observed the Orders and Practice of the Cour t, and looked into the Affections and Disposi∣tions of his Associates; hearing the Complaints of the Suppliants, and en∣forming himself by others of Integrity, and Honesty, and sometimes noting their partial Orders, and corrupt Deal∣ings; but at the Years end, he then took upon him the directing and order∣ing of things himself, taking exceeding pains from Morning till Bed-time, af∣fording himself only some small times for Meals and Study.

46. And when he had found the cor∣ruption of some of his Associates, as well by his own observation, as by the confession of the Parties that corrupted them (for the property of some amongst them, was to leave nothing unassayed

to corrupt any man to serve their own turn for the present, though they ever after hated him to the death, and would revile him) he would dismiss these Associates by sending for others under pretence of ease to the Parties.

47. He had also a special care (as * 1.72 behoved him) of his own Family, and Attendants near unto him; and there∣fore to avoid all colour and suspicion of Corruption, he would never hear any Cause or Informations, or receive Pe∣tition in his private Chamber, but abroad, by the Petitioners themselves, either in going to the Chappel, Court, Dinner, Supper, or at the Council∣board; insomuch as a Gentleman of his Bed chamber (imployed sometimes by him) making request unto him that he might have the delivery of Suiters Petitions, and indorse their Answers, he grew into such dislike of the young Gentleman (as supposing he had been tampered withal) that he present∣ly discharged him of his Chamber, and could never afterwards very well brook him.

48. For this his Integrity and just deal∣ing, * 1.73 the People of Wales especially had a very reverend and honourable opinion of

him, the rather because they observed * 1.74 in him a temperate and mild govern∣ment, without reviling or harsh Speeches; and oftentimes moderating their Fines and Punishments, which in strictness of Law, and opinion of his Associates, would have lighted heavily upon them; for which they highly esteemed him as their Patron and Pro∣tector, and said he was sent amongst them to deliver them from the oppressi∣on of the Mighty, and corruption of the Wicked, yea such was their opinion and conceit of him, that if he had im∣prisoned, whipped, or inflicted any other grievous Punishment upon them, they would have undergone it with pa∣tience, confessing their Offences, and lauding his Uprightness and Justice.

49. Her Majesty out of her experi∣ence * 1.75 of his wise and prudent Govern∣ment, was pleased (upon complaint made unto her, of the many Discords and Disorders that were in the two Ca∣thedral Churches of Lichfield and He∣reford) to make choice of him alone, amongst a number of worthy Prelates, for redress thereof; directing two Com∣missions unto him for the visiting of the said Churches, which accordingly he

did, and reformed them both (being very far out of order) and ordained them Statutes for their better and more peaceable government afterwards.

50. These his Courses thus held for his government, and reforming both of Church and People, gained him so ge∣neral an opinion and liking in the life∣time, and disgrace, of Archbishop Grin∣dall, that her Majesty designed him * 1.76 Archbishop of Canterbury, as was signified unto him, and earnestly wished by some of his honourable Friends about the Queen, and also by Archbishop Grindall himself much desired, who, out of the great estimation he had conceived of his government, and other his many Vir∣tues, and worthy Parts, and by reason of his own Years and Infirmity, labour∣ed him in like earnest manner, presently to accept thereof, being himself well con∣tented to shake off those Cares, and re∣ceive from her Majesty some yearly Pen∣sion, which Bishop Whitgift utterly re∣fused, * 1.77 and in presence of the Queen her self, besought pardon in not accepting thereof upon any condition whatsoever in the lifetime of the other. Whereup∣on the Queen commiserating the good Old man's Estate (being a grave and

learned Father of the Church; and at that time blind with years and grief) was graciously pleased to say, That as she had made him an Archbishop, so he * 1.78 should die an Archbishop, as he did short∣ly after.

51. Upon whose decease, Bishop * 1.79 Whitgift receiving Letters from a great Counsellor for his repair unto the Court, and the Speech thereof, toge∣ther with the report of Archbishop Grin∣dall's death, being spread abroad, you would have wondred to have seen the repair, and flocking of Gentlemen and others, unto him, both out of Worcester∣shire, and the Marches of Wales, not to congratulate his Advancement (which they upon such his preparation to the Court, conjectured was to follow) but to express their true love, and hearty affection towards him, and to beseech him not to depart from thence; and so with tears and sobs took their leave of him, as kind natured Children use to part from their Parents, whose Face they are out of hope ever to see again. Plutarch observeth, that it falleth out very seldom with Magistrates, and those who are in Authority, that they should please the multitude, or be acceptable to the

common People, because they, striving still to reform the disordered, do grieve them as much as Surgeons do their Patients, when they bind up their Aches with Bands to cure them. For though by that binding they restore and bring to their natural places again the broken Bones, and Mem∣bers out of joint, yet put they the Patient to great pain: But this Bishop was not so boisterous a Surgeon, for he had learned the Art of curing the Diseases of a Commonwealth, from a more skil∣ful Surgeon, even from him that taught, that as Wine was to be poured into the Wound to search, so Oil was also necessary to supple, but both ex∣pedient for the Cure. And therefore as he always resolutely endeavoured the redress of the ill-affected, so with an excellent Temper of rare Mildness, he ever effected it without exasperation of those, whose good he was desirous to procure. For which singular mixture of two so requisire Virtues in a Magi∣strate, he was most worthily, and most happily, both for the Church and Com∣monwealth, advanced from the Bi * 1.80 shoprick of Worcester, to the Archbi shoprick of Canterbury, September 24. 1583.

52. AT his first entrance he found the Archbishoprick surchar∣ged * 1.81 in the valuation, and procured an Order out of the Exchequer, for the abatement of One hundred pounds, for him, and his Successors, in the Pay∣ment of his First-fruits: He also short∣ly after recovered from the Queen, as * 1.82 part of the Possessions of the Archbi∣shoprick, Long-Beachwood in Kent, con∣taining above a thousand Acres of Land, which had been many years detained from his Predecessor by Sir James Croft, then Comptroller of her Majesty's Houshold, Farmer thereof to her Ma∣jesty. In letting Leases of his Impropria∣tions, if he found the Curates Wages * 1.83 but small, he would abate much of his Fine to encrease their Pensions, some Ten pounds by the year, some more, some less, as at Folkstone, Maidstone, and others.

53. But to leave these particular Af∣fairs, * 1.84 and to come to those publick Im∣ployments, for which he was specially made Archbishop; her Majestly fearing the danger that might ensue by the assembly of divers Ministers to Exercises, and Prophecying, (as they termed it)

straightly charged him to be vigilant, and careful for the reducing of them, and all other Ministers by their subscrip∣tion and conformity, to the setled Or∣ders, and Government; adding, that she would have the Discipline of the Church of England formerly established, of all men duly to be observed, with∣out alteration of the least Ceremony; conceiving belike, that these Novelists might have wrought the same mischief here, which the turbulent Orators of Lacedemonia did in that Common∣wealth, so wisely setled by Lycurgus his Laws; which whilst they took upon them to amend, they miserably defaced, and deformed. The inconvenience of which kind of reforming, that Prudent and Judicious Queen had learned out of the Poet Aratus, his Answer to one * 1.85 who asked him, How he might have Ho∣mer's Poems free from Corruptions, and Faults; Get (saith he) an old Copy not reformed: For curious Wits labouring to amend things well done, commonly either guite mar them, or at least make them worse.

54. The Archbishop endeavouring * 1.86 to perform this her Majesty's Com∣mandment, had notwithstanding much

ado, and many conflicts with them. For they had gotten such strength by his Predecessor's connivency, that ma∣ny of them were then planted both within his Province, and particular Diocess: In whose favour sundry Gen∣tlemen of the chiefest account there came to entreat the Archbishop, and some of the younger sort would needs argue and dispute matters in controver∣sy on their behalf. But he gave so good satisfaction unto them all by his mild and temperate Answers (albeit he yielded not unto their Requests) that they loved him after; some of the chiefest of them preferring their Sons unto him, and the rest performing ma∣ny kind Offices and Services towards him.

55. The next Year following, for * 1.87 farther satisfaction of some of the great∣est, and most honourable Counsellors of State in these Points, the two Arch∣bishops, and the Bishop of Winchester were pleased to hear the Reasons of some Ministers that refused to conform themselves unto the Orders of the Church established. At which time albeit the said learned Prelates suffici∣ently cleared all their Doubts, and Ex∣ceptions;

yet after this, these honou∣rable Personages affying much in the Sufficiency and Scholarship of some others, not yet dealt withal, and sup∣posing that they had been able to have said much more in defence of them∣selves, and the impeaching of the Ec∣clesiastical Government established (for so they were born in hand) were desi∣rous to hear at Lambeth the Controver∣sies * 1.88 further debated on both Sides. Whereunto the Archbishop, for their satisfaction yielded; and after four hours Conference spent, these Honou∣rable Personages professed, that they would not have believed that the Arch∣bishops Grounds and Reasons had been so good and strong, and the Others so weak and trivial, but that they heard them once and again with their own Ears; and so, they said they would in∣form her Majesty; seeming to be there well resolved, and also persuaded the Ministers to Conformity.

56. Howbeit afterwards, when those Honourable Personages saw that they might not sway (as formerly in the re∣straint of Archibishop Grindall) and pre∣fer * 1.89 whom they listed unto Ecclesiastical Promotions; they with some others

linked themselves against the Archbi∣shop, and gave him, (being yet no Counsellor of State) many thwarts at the Council board, wherewith he was so much perplexed and grieved to see things thus carried, as thereupon advi∣sing with some of his Honourable Friends (whose assistance he knew might avail him) if their Affections were not otherwise overswayed by the potency of so great Personages, he thus imparted his mind in several Letters, * 1.90 as followeth.

GOD knoweth how desirous I have been, from time to time, to have my Doings approved by my ancient and honourable Friends. For which cause, since my coming to this Place, I have done nothing of importance against these Secta∣ries, without good Advice. I have risen up early, and sate up late, to yield Reasons, and make answer to their Contentions and their Seditious Objections. And shall I now say, I have lost my labour? Or shall my just dealing with disobedient and irre∣gular Persons, cause my former professed and ancient Friends, to hinder my just Proceedings, and make them speak of my Doings, yea and of my Self, what they list?

Solomon saith, that an old Friend is bet∣ter than a new. I trust those that love me indeed will not so lightly cast off their old Friends for any of these new fangled and Factious Sectaries, whose fruits are to make division, and to separate old, and assured Friends. In mine own private Af∣fairs I know I shall stand in need of Friends; but, in these publick Actions, I see no cause why I should seek Friends, see∣ing they, to whom the care of the Common∣wealth is committed, ought, of duty, there∣in to join with me. And if my honourable Friends should for sake me (especially in so good a Cause) and not put their helping hand to the redress of these Enormities (being indeed a matter of State, and not of the least moment) I shall think my com∣ing unto this Place to have been for my punishment, and my hap very hard, that, when I think to deserve best, and, in a manner, consume my self to satisfy that, which God, her Majesty, and the Church, requireth of me, I should be evilly re∣warded. Sed meliora spero. It is ob∣jected by some, that my desire of Uniformi∣ty, by way of Subscription, is for the better maintenance of my Book. They are mine Enemies that say so; but I trust my Friends have a better opinion of me. Why

should I seek for any confirmation of my Book after twelve years approbation? or what shall I get thereby more than already I have? And yet, if Subscription may con∣firm it, it is confirmed long ago by the Sub∣scription almost of all the Clergy of Eng∣land before my time. Mine Enemies like∣wise, and the slanderous Tongues of this uncharitable Sect, report that I am re∣volted, become a Papist, and I know not what. But it proceedeth from their lewd∣ness, and not from any desert of mine. I am further burthened with Wilfulness; I hope my Friends are better persuaded of me, to whose Consciences I appeal. It is strange, that a man of my Place, dealing by so good warrant as I do, should be so encountred, and, for not yielding, be counted wilful. But I must be content, Vincit qui patitur. There is a difference betwixt Wilfulness and Constancy. I have taken upon me, by the Place which I hold under her Majesty, the defence of the Religion, and the Rites of the Church of England, to appease the Schisms and Sects therein, to reduce all the Ministers thereof to Uniformity, and to due obedience, and not to waver with every wind; which also my Place, my Person, my Duty, the Laws, her Majesty, and the goodness of the Cause do require of me, and

wherein the Lords of her Highness's most Honourable Privy Council (all things con∣sidered) ought in duty to assist and counte∣nance me. But how is it possible that I should perform the Charge which I have un∣dertaken, after so long liberty, and lack of Discipline, if a few Persons, so meanly qualified (as most of these Factions Secta∣ries are) should be countenanced against the whole State of the Clergy of greatest account both for Learning, Years, Staidness, Wis∣dom, Religion, and Honesty, and open Breakers and Impugners of the Law, young in Years, proud in Conceipt, contentious in Disposition, should be maintained against their Governors, seeking to reduce them to Order, and to Obedience? Haec sunt initia Haereticorum, & ortus, atque conatus Schismaticorum malè cogitantium, ut sibi placeant, ut praepositum superbo tu∣more contemnat. Sic de Ecclesia re∣ceditur, sic Altare profanum foris collo∣catur, sic contra pacem Christi, & or∣dinationem, atque unitatem Dei rebel∣latur. The First fruits of Hereticks, and the first Births and Endeavours of Schismaticks are these, to admire them∣selves, and in their swelling Pride to con∣temn any that are set over them. Thus do men fall from the Church of God; thus

is a foreign unhallowed Altar erected; and thus is Christ's Peace, and God's Ordina∣tion and Unity rebelled against. For mine own part, I neither have done, nor do any thing in these Matters, which I do not think my self in conscience and duty bound to do, and which her Majesty hath not with earnest Charge committed unto me, and which I am not well able to justify to be most requisite for this Church and State; where∣of, next to her Majesty (though most un∣worthy, or at the least most unhappy) the chief care is committed unto me, which I will not by the grace of God neglect, what∣soever come upon me therefore. Neither may I endure their notorious Contempts, unless I will become Aesop's Block, and un∣do all that which hither to hath been done. And how then shall I be able to perform my Duty, according to her Majesty's Expecta∣tion? It is certain, that if way be given unto them, upon their unjust Surmises and Clamours, it will be the cause of that Con∣fusion, which hereafter the State will be sorry for. I neither care for the Honour of this Place I hold (which is Onus unto me) nor the largeness of the Revenue, neither any worldly thing (I thank God) in respect of doing my Duty; neither do I fear the displeasure of Man, nor the evil

Tongue of the uncharitable, who call me Tyrant, Pope, Knave, and lay to my charge things that I never did, nor thought. Scio enim hoc esse opus Diaboli, ut Ser∣vos Dei mendaciis laceret, & opinioni∣bus falsis, gloriosum nomen infamet, ut qui conscientiae suae luce clarescunt, ali∣enis rumoribus sordidentur. For I know that this is the work of that Accuser, the Devil, that he may tear in pieces the Ser∣vants of God with Lies, that he may disho∣nour their glorious Name with false Sur∣mises, that they, who through the clearness of their own Conscience, are shining bright, might have the filth of other mens Slanders, cast upon them. So was Cyprian himself used, and other Godly Bishops, to whom I am not comparable. But that which most of all grieveth me, and is to be wondred at, and lamented, is, that some of those which give countenance to these Men, and cry out for a learned Ministry, should watch their opportunity, and be Instruments and means to place most unlearned Men in the chiefest Places and Livings of the Ministry, there∣by to make the state of the Bishops and Cler∣gy contemptible, and I fear saleable. This Hypocrisy and dissembling with God and Man (in pretending one thing, and doing another) goeth to my heart, and maketh

me to think that God's Judgments are not far off. The day will come, when all mens hearts shall be opened. In the mean time I will depend upon him, who never faileth those that put their trust in him.

Thus far his Letters.

57. After this he linked himself in a * 1.91 firm league of friendship with Sir Chri∣stopher Hatton, then Vice-Chamberlain to the Queen's Majesty; and by the means of Dr. Bancroft (his then Hous∣hold Chaplain, and afterwards Lord Archbishop of Canterbury) had him most firm, and ready upon all occasions to impart unto the Queen, as well the Crosses offered him at the Council-Table, as also sundry impediments, whereby he was hindred from the performance of many good Services to∣wards her Majesty and the State. He had always the Lord Burley (then * 1.92 Lord Treasurer of England) his firm and constant Friend, and one that would omit no opportunity for his ad∣vancement, who prevailed so far, that when the Earl of Leicester (one of those honourable Personages afore-mention'd) was in the Low-Countries, the Arch∣bishop, * 1.93 and the Lord Cobham, were first

sworn Counsellors of State, and Thomas Lord Buckhurst was sworn the day after, whereat the Earl was not a little dis∣pleased. The Lord Buckhurst was join∣ed * 1.94 in like affection to the Archbishop as the other two were, and continued af∣ter he came to be Lord Treasurer, his faithful and loving Friend to the time of his death.

58. When the Archbishop was thus established in friendship with these No∣ble Personages, as aforesaid, their Fa∣vours, and his Place, wrought him free * 1.95 access to the Queen, and gracious ac∣ceptance of his Motions in the Church's behalf. His Courses then at the Council∣board * 1.96 were not so much crossed nor impeached as heretofore; but by reason of his daily attendance and access, he then oftentimes gave impediment to the * 1.97 Earl's Designments in Clergy Causes.

59. About this time Sir Thomas Bromely (the then Lord Chancellor) died; whereupon it pleased her Majesty * 1.98 to discover her gracious Inclination to have made the Archbishop Lord Chan∣cellor of England. But he excusing himself in many respects, that he was * 1.99 grown into years, and had the burthen of all Ecclesiastical Businesses laid upon

his back (which was as much as one man could well undergo, considering the troubles with so many Sectaries that were then sprung up) desired to be spa∣red, and besought her Highness to make choice of Sir Christopher Hatton, who * 1.100 shortly after was made Lord Chancel∣lor in the Archbishop's House at Croy∣don, thereby the rather to grace the Archbishop. His advancement did much strengthen the Archbishop and his Friends, and withal, the Earl of Lei∣cester and his Designments, came soon after to an end. For, the Year follow∣ing, taking his Journey to Kenelworth, he died in the way at Cornbury Park, whereby the Archbishop took himself * 1.101 freed from much opposition.

60. Upon the death of the said Earl, the Chancellorship of Oxford being * 1.102 void, divers of the Heads and others of the University, made known unto the Archbishop their desire to chuse him their Chancellor, although he was a Cambridge man. To whom he returned this Answer, That he was already their Friend, whereof they might rest assured; and therefore advised them to make choice of some other in near place about the Queen, that might assist him on

their behalf: And both at the Council∣board, and other Places of Justice, right them many ways, both for the benefit of the University, and their par∣ticular Colleges. And therewithal re∣commended unto them Sir Christopher * 1.103 Hatton, being sometime of that Uni∣versity; whom accordingly they did chuse for their Chancellor, and whom the Archibishop ever found a great As∣sistant in bridling and reforming the in temperate Humour of these Novelists, who by the Countenance of the afore∣said Great Personages (E. Leicester, &c.) were now grown to a strong head.

61. For, in the Year 1588. came * 1.104 forth those hateful Libels of Martin Marprelate, and much about the same time, the Epitome; the Demonstration of Discipline; the Supplication; Diotrephes; the Minerals; Have you any work for a Cooper; Martin Junior, alias Theses Martinianoe; Martin Senior; More work for the Cooper; and other such like Ba∣stardly Pamphlets, which might well be Nullius filii, because no man durst * 1.105 father their Births. All which were printed with a kind of wandring Press, which was first set up at Moulsey, near Kingston upon Thames, and from thence

conveyed to Fausly in Northamptonshire, and from thence to Norton, afterwards to Coventry, from thence to Welstone in Warwickshire, from which place the Letters were sent to another Press in or near Manchester, where (by the means of Henry, that good Earl of Derby) the * 1.106 Press was discovered in printing of More work for a Cooper. Which shame∣less Libels were fraughted only with odious and scurrilous Calumniations against the Established Government, and such Reverend Prelates as deserved honour with uprighter Judgments.

62. Some of the Printers, whilst they were busied about the last Libel, * 1.107 were apprehended; who, with the En∣tertainers, and Receivers of the Press, were proceeded against in the Star∣chamber, and there Censured; but upon their submission (at the humble Suit of the Archbishop) were both delivered out of Prison, and eased of their Fines. The Authors and Penners of some of these Libels were, John Penry and John Udall; the chief Disperser of them was Humphrey Newman, a Cobler, a choice Broker for such sowterly Wares, and in regard of his Hempenly Trade, a fit * 1.108 Person to cherish up Martin's Birds,

who (as Pliny writeth) do feed so gree∣dily upon Hemp-seed, that they be often∣times choaked therewith. Such was the unfortunate end of some of his Martin Birds, as appeareth upon Record in the King's-Bench, against John Penry, Clerk, * 1.109 Termino Pasch. 1593. and at an Assize in Surrey against John Udall, whose Par∣don the Archbishop afterwards ob∣tained.

63. Thus the factious Ministers, zea∣lous of pretended Discipline, having with these seditious Libels (as the Fore∣rangers and Harbingers of their further Designs) made way in the hearts of the Vulgar (who ever are apt to entertain Novelties, though it be with danger and detriment to themselves; and spe∣cially if it have a shew of restraining the Authority of their Superiors) they thought it the fittest time to prosecute their Projects. And while one sort of them were maliciously busied in slan∣dering * 1.110 the State of the Church already setled, the other were as seditiously im∣ployed in planting the Discipline which they had newly plotted. Whereupon shortly after Thomas Cartwright, and Edmund Snape, with others, were called in question, and proceeded withal in

the Star-chamber, for setting forth, and putting in practice (without Warrant or Authority) a new Form of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sa∣craments and Presbyterial Discipline. The particularities of which their dan∣gerous Plots, and Positions (though most secretly carried amongst men only of their own combination) were by Doctor Bancroft first discovered, and by the Archbishop and the Lord Chan∣cellor farther brought to light, as the Records themselves in the Star-chamber do testify, and may at large appear in Doctor Bancroft's Survey of the Pretended Discipline; and dangerous Positions under * 1.111 pretence of Reformation: Wherein also you shall see these Disciplinarians to exceed other Ministers, from whom they have their Presbyterial Platform, in Threatning, Railing, and undutiful Speeches, against their Sovereign, the High Court of Parliament, the most Honourable Privy Council, the Arch∣bishops and Bishops, the Reverend Judges of the Land, and Lawyers of both Professions: And generally against all Magistrates, and other inferior Mi∣nisters of Justice, and Officers under them, that do maintain the present

Government of the Church of England, and withstand their desire.

64. It was therefore high time for the Archbishop and State to look strictly to * 1.112 these Perturbers of our Churches happy quiet. But if we shall take a further view of those enormous, and despe∣rate Courses, which after ensued (tho' all Branches growing out of the same Root) we shall be far from accusing either the Archbishop of too much Vi∣gilancy, or the Civil Magistrates of overmuch Severity, in cutting off some of those outragious and unbridled Se∣ctaries.

65. Three Principal there were a∣mong them deeply infatuated with this reforming Spirit; William Hacket, Yeo∣man; Edmund Coppinger, and Henry Arthington, Gentlemen; all of them strongly possessed, at the first, with an earnest desire of the late invented Disci∣pline, and carried violently with the strength of their erroneous Fancy, into a desperate and lamentable Course; whereof, though I will suppose that many are innocent, who were led with the same Spirit and desire of Reforma∣tion with them in the beginning; yet I am induced by just and weighty Rea∣sons

to conceive, that, unless the Vigi∣lancy of the Magistrates had timely pre∣vented their Courses, the intemperate Zeal of these Novelists, finding no cer∣tain ground to stay it self upon, nor any determinate end where it might finally rest, would have broken out into some like Combustion, and Flame, as these aforenamed did, whereof I will give you but a little taste. Two of these, Edmund Coppinger and Henry Arthing∣ton, * 1.113 came into Cheapside, and there in a Cart proclaimed News from Heaven, to wit, That one William Hacket, Yeo∣man, represented Christ, by partaking his glorious Body in his principal Spirit; and that They were two Prophets, the one of Mercy, the other of Judgment, called and sent of God to assist him in his great work, &c. But because the weight of the Mat∣ter requireth a larger Discourse than is fit to be inserted in this Work, I refer the Reader for the rest unto the perusal of Doctor Cosin his Book, intituled, Conspiracy for Pretended Reformation: * 1.114 Where he shall find their Purposes, Plots, and Designments, with many other markable things at large discour∣sed, and taken truly out of their Con∣ference and Writings under their own

hands, with their Confessions and Exa∣minations, subscribed by themselves be∣fore sundry honourable and worshipful Personages, of great gravity and wis∣dom, employed in those Affairs. By all which, together with their tempe∣rate, direct, and pertinent Speech, and congruity of Phrase and Matter, both before, and after their Apprehension, it will clearly appear, that the said Conspirators were not Mad-men (unless it be a kind of Madness to be a violent * 1.115 Prosecutor of This Reformation; as indeed it is) howsoever some of that Fraternity, and Sect, have so given it out; chusing thereby rather to accuse the honourable Justice of the Realm, and all the Ministers thereof, than that any, professing desire of pretended Re∣formation, should be noted with deep Disloyalty, as they were charged withal.

66. When the Queen and State saw the incredible height of these audacious Attempts, so dangerous to the Com∣monwealth, thus knotted and counte∣nanced under pretence of reforming the Church, they found it necessary to stop the Fountains of these Proceedings; lest it might grow to the like outrage.

Amongst whom there were very for∣ward to the like presumption Henry Barrow, Gentleman, and John Green∣wood, Clerk, who were convented be∣fore the High Commissioners for Causes Ecclesiastical, in November 1587. for * 1.116 their Schismatical and Seditious Opini∣ons, viz. That our Church is no Church, or at the least, no true Church; yield∣ing these Reasons therefore. First, That the Worship of the English Church is flat Idolatry. Secondly, That we ad∣mit into our Church Persons unsancti∣fied. Thirdly, That our Preachers have no lawful Calling. Fourthly, That our Government is ungodly. Fifthly, That no Bishop, or Preacher, preacheth Christ sincerely, and truly. Sixthly, That the People of every Parish ought to chuse their Bishop; and that every Elder, though he be no Doctor, nor Pastor, is a Bishop. Seventhly, That all the Precise, which refuse the Cere∣monies of the Church, and yet preach in the same Church, strain at a Gnat and swallow a Cammel, and are close Hy∣pocrites, and walk in a left-handed Po∣licy; as Master Cartwright, Wiggington, &c. Also in Norwich, Master Moare, Pawmone, and Burges, that all which

make Catechisms, or teach and expound printed and written Catechisms, are Idol Shepherds; as Calvin, Ursin, Nowell, &c. That the Child of ungodly Parents ought not to be baptized, as of Usurers, Drunkards, &c. nor any Bastards: That Set-Prayer is blasphemous.

67. The fore said Brochers of these * 1.117 Opinions at this their first Convention, made shew of their conformity, upon conference with some Divines; and in hope thereof, were enlarged upon bonds; but all in vain. For after their liberty they burst forth into further Extremi∣ties, and were again committed to the * 1.118 Fleet, July 20. 1588. where they pub lished their Scandalous and Seditious Writings; for which they were pro∣ceeded withal at Justice-Hall, near New∣gate in London, March 21. 1592.

68. For suppressing this kind of Peo∣ple (which as you see were grown unto a great height of violence and outrage) the State held it fit at the next Parlia∣ment * 1.119 following to make a Law of Ab∣juration, or Banishment, of such as should either persuade others, or be present themselves at these their Con∣venticles, or Meetings, which Law is

entituled; An Act to restrain the Queen's Majesty's Subjects in their due obedience.

69 LET the Reader now consider with what Contagion, and Leprosy, many poor Souls had like to have been infected through the divul∣ging of their wicked Libels, and dan∣gerous Positions, tending to Innovation and Rebellion, had not the stroke of Justice, and providence of the State, wisely prevented the same; selecting as out of an hundred thousand seditious Mutineers (for, so many they confessed were ready for that purpose) only four * 1.120 Persons, as the chief Ring-leaders, whose lot it was to be proceeded withal, for the quenching of the fiery outrage of the rest, kindled already to the like Attempts, as those in Germany of the * 1.121 Cabinet-teachers, and Reformers, both at Mulhusin, and Munster in Westphalia: Which Seditions could not be appeased, till Fifty thousand of them were killed, and cut in pieces by the united Forces of most of the Princes of the Empire: And though some, not of the greatest foresight, may think that the fear which our Archbishop conceived of Dangers to ensue out of these Sectaries Attempts,

was far greater than there was just cause, yet the Examples of those foreign Pretenders of like Reformation as is aforesaid, compared with these our Re∣formers Designs, taught him not to be without fear, or care, for preventing these dangerous Events at home. For all their Intendments sorted to one end, viz. Reformation, and to be brought to pass by one and the self-same means; viz. by commotion of the unbridled mul∣titude.

70. For was it not in their Assemblies * 1.122 Classical and Synodical concluded,

That the Discipline should, within a time limited, be put in practice, and erect∣ed all in one day by the Ministers to∣gether with the People? whom these Disciplinarians bragged to be already enflamed with Zeal to lend so many thousand hands, for the advancement of their Cause, by whom they hoped, and said, such Reformation must be brought in: And how, I pray you, did they incense the common People, not only in their private Conventicles, (decreeing that the Queen's Authori∣ty * 1.123 ought to be restrained in Causes Ecclesiastical) but in their publick Sermons, and Exhortations; aliena∣ting

the hearts of their Auditors from all obedience of the Ecclesiastical Ma∣gistrates? As namely Master Cart∣wright, who saith, That no obedience * 1.124 ought to be given unto them, either in doing that which they command, or abstaining from that which they pro∣hibit: And that it should not be law∣ful for any one of the Brother-hood to take an Oath, whereby he may disco∣ver any thing prejudicial to himself, or his Brother, especially if he be per∣suaded the matter to be lawful, for which the punishment is like to be inflicted; or, having taken it, he need not discover the very truth. And in his Prayer before his Sermons, he used thus to say; Because they * 1.125 (meaning the Bishops) which ought to be Pillars in the Church, do band them∣selves against Christ, and his Truth, therefore, O Lord, give us grace and power, all, as one man, to set our selves against them. Which words, by way of Emphasis, he would often repeat. And how, I pray you, doth Penry, in his Supplication to the Parliament; incite both the Lords and Commons, threatning them with Plagues, and Bloodshed, if they gathered not Cou∣rage,

rage, and Zeal? And withal, scof∣fing at their unwillingness hitherto for disturbing of the State, forsooth, to set upon the Hierarchy of the Bi∣shops; telling them, if they refused so to do, they should declare unto their Children, That God had raised up but a company of White-livered Soldiers to teach them the Gospel in the sincerity under Queen Elizabeth. And doth not Udall threaten that the Presbytery * 1.126 shall prevail, and come in by that way, and means, as shall make all their hearts to ake, that shall with∣stand or hinder the same?

71. And when, I pray you, were * 1.127 these Classical Assemblies, and these Se∣ditious Stirs, and Hurli-burlies of Mar∣timists, and that Reforming Sect put in practice? In the Year 1588. at that time, when the Invincible Spanish Na∣vy (as some vainly termed it) was up∣on our Coasts, and should have invaded us; albeit it was by the gracious Pro∣vidence of our Omnipotent God, pre∣vented, and their Ships so dispersed, as that no Enemy was able to put foot on English Shore, but as a Prisoner or Cap∣tive. At which time, as the Care of her Majesty, for the preparation of

Forces to encounter and resist them, was very great; so might her Grief also be, to behold a discord and dissention of her own Subjects within her Realm. The Archbishop also himself had not the * 1.128 meanest part to perform in so great and weighty an Action; when the whole Forces of the Clergy, not only within his particular Diocess, but through his whole Province, were committed unto his care, and charge, to have in readi∣ness, besides his own Family, and Te∣nants, which were by him gathered to∣gether, and all prepared, mustered and trained for defence of Prince and Coun∣try.

72. Now, of the aforesaid Stirs, and Seditious Attempts of sundry Persons in this our Archbishop's time, that Ma∣ster Cartwright was the Fountain, and * 1.129 principal Author, it may appear by sundry Passages, and also by the Opini∣on and Dependencies which all the Fore▪ named had upon him, especially in their Proceedings; as their Confe∣rences, and Conventicles do sufficiently declare, which are extant in the Re∣cords of the Star-chamber; whence I have taken my chiefest Instructions in this behalf. The recourse of Hacket,

Coppinger and Arthington unto him, and * 1.130 his Fraternity, and the vain Conceits of extraordinary Callings which they were put into, both by Speech, and Letters, and the Opinion which they all three conceived of Master Cartwright by name, both before, and after their Apprehen∣sion, * 1.131 may appear sufficiently, both by the Records, and * 1.132 Books published, whereof mention is already made. That Penry, Ʋdall, and the rest of the Libel∣lers, * 1.133 were of his Consort, by his sight of divers of the Books, and knowledge both of the Authors, and Publishers, and his not revealing them to the State, he could not deny, being examined thereupon. And that he approved their hateful Libels, it appeared by his own words; when, being asked his Opinion of such Books, he said; Seeing the Bi∣shops, * 1.134 and others there touched, would not amend by grave Books and Advertisements, it was therefore meet they should be dealt withal to their further reproach. Which was not unsuitable to one of his own Decrees in a Synod, where it was de∣termined, That no Books should be put in * 1.135 print, but by consent of the Classes; that some of those Books must be earnest, some more mild and temperate; whereby they

may be both of the Spirit of Elias and Elizeus.

73. That Barrow and Greenwood were * 1.136 so infected with his Grounds, and Opi∣nions, which brought them unto their fatal Ends, shall manifestly appear unto you upon Barrow's own Confession. For when Doctor Ravis (then Chaplain to the Archbishop, and late Lord Bishop of London) at the earnest desire of Barrow himself, and direction of the Archbi∣shop, dealt with Master Cartwright to confer with Barrow, they being then both Prisoners in the Fleet: Master Cartwright (having been once before with him at the entreaty of Master Spe∣rin a Minister) would by no means be drawn to further Conference with him again: Which his refusal, when it was by Doctor Ravis signified to Barrow, in * 1.137 the presence of divers of good Reputa∣tion and Account, he fetched a great sigh, saying, And will he not? Hath he only brought me into this brake, and will he now leave me? For from him received I my grounds, and out of his Premises did I infer, and make the conclusion of the Posi∣tions which I now hold, and for which I suffer bands.

74. Again, when Sentence of death * 1.138 was given against the said Barrow, Doctor Androws (now Lord Bishop of Ely) Doctor Bisse, and Doctor White, were sent unto him to counsel him for his Soul's health. There also accom¦panied them Doctor Parry, now Lord Bishop of Worcester. After many pas∣sages of Speech with Doctor White (un∣to whom he then seemed especially to address himself) he brake forth into these words.

You are not the men whom I most dislike in these Diffe∣rences. For although you be out of the way, yet you think you are in the right: But I cannot but complain of Master Cartwright and others of his knowledge, from whom we have re∣ceived the truth of these things, and have been taught that your Callings are Antichristian; who yet utterly, against their Consciences, forsake us in our Sufferings, and will not come out of Babylon for fear of their lives.

It being farther replied by Doctor White that those Callings which Barrow re∣proached as Antichristian, were the ve∣ry same which Archbishop Cranmer, and Ridley, and many other holy Bishops, &c. (that suffered Martyrdom in Queen

Mary's time) did embrace; Barrow re∣plied in this vain-glorious manner;

True it is that Cranmer and others * 1.139 were Martyrs in Queen Mary's days, but these holy Bands of mine (and therewithal shook the Fetters which he did wear) are much more glori∣ous than any of theirs, because they had the mark of Antichrist in their hands. Thus he, in Newgate at that time, in the presence of many, with great insolency, did triumph.

75. Men therefore, not partially af∣fected, * 1.140 may hereby observe and con∣ceive what danger Innovation bringeth to the People, and what hazard to a State; when, by little and little, it en∣creaseth like the swelling or flowing of the Sea; which if it surpass the bounds wherewith it was confined, or gain ne∣ver so small a Breach, it spreadeth it self over a whole Country, and groweth to that violence, and stream, that it cannot by any contrary force be kept back, but without pity or mercy putteth all things to wreck where it rageth. Which, as it seemeth, Master Cartwright himself did now find; when after his first Con∣ference, he perceived how impossible it was for him to make up the Breach

which he had unfortunately begun; for that Barrow, like a tempestuous Surge, would have forced him (by finding his own oversight and Errors) back again from his former Positions, or drawn him inevitably to his Conclusions.

76. And therefore observable it is, * 1.141 that Master Cartwright, having upon his first discontentment (as hath been delivered) made a desperate assault and breach in Sion's peaceable and blessed City, now like a sly Captain did steal away secretly (after Summons given) from his own Siege, fearing upon his entry by the force and press of his own Soldiers, to be environed and kept with∣in the Walls (as Pyrrhus was) to the loss of his life; or doubting belike, the outrage and violence of his Army, whose Fury he could not have appeased when he list, but have been enforced (as Titus was) to see his Soldiers sack, spoil, and burn the Holy City of Jeru∣salem, though he vehemently laboured, and with great earnestness cried out un∣to them (whom yet himself first set on work) to save the Sanctuary of the Lord, but could not be heard, or at least, was not able to stop their rage and fury, until it was with fire consumed and destroyed.

77. Not much differing from the said Positions of Barrow and Greenwood, * 1.142 were the Opinions of Robert Brown (sometimes of Bennet Colledge in Cam∣bridge) from whom that Sect beareth the Name even to this day. But be∣cause * 1.143 in this Archbishop's time the said Brown was changed from those Fancies, and afterwards obtained a Benefice cal∣led Achurch in Northamptonshire (where he became a painful Preacher) I will not much insist upon him.

78. I let pass many like Schisms in * 1.144 other parts of the Realm which this good Archbishop suppressed, and the Controversies in both Universities, which by his Wisdom were appeased; as also the reverend Opinion which di∣vers honourable Personages had of him for his great temper and moderation in handling these Businesses toward some of great Place (whose Reputations, if he would, he might have blemished with her Majesty, for favouring the aforesaid Libellers, and Libels, which * 1.145 had stowage and vent in their Cham∣bers) as also in procuring, at her Ma∣jesty'y hands, both pardon and dismis∣sion for Master Cartwright, and the rest, out of their Troubles.

79. For which, and sundry other his Favours, Master Cartwright held himself much obliged unto him, as he confessed in his Letters, written with his own hand to that effect. In which Letters he is also pleased to vouchsafe him the stile of a Right Reverend Father in God, * 1.146 and his Lord the Archbishop's Grace of Canterbury. Which Title of Grace he also often yieldeth him throughout his Letters, acknowledging his bond of most humble duty so much the straighter, because his Grace's favour proceeded from a frank disposition, without any desert of his own. Yea the Archbishop hath been heard to say, That if Master Cartwright had not so far ingaged himself as he did in the be∣ginning, he thought verily he would in his latter time have been drawn to Con∣formity. For when he was freed from his Troubles, he often repaired to the Arch∣bishop, who used him kindly, and was contented to tolerate his Preaching in * 1.147 Warwick divers years, upon his Pro∣mise, that he would not impugn the Laws, Orders, and Government in this Church of England, but persuade and procure, so much as he could, both publickly, and privately, the estima∣tion and peace of the same. Which

albeit he accordingly performed, yet when her Majesty understood by others that Master Cartwright did preach again (tho temperately, accordingly to his Promise made to the Archbishop) she would by no means indure his Preach∣ing any longer without Subscription; and * 1.148 grew not a little offended with the Archbishop for such connivency at him. Not long after Master Cartwright died rich, as it was said, by the benevolence * 1.149 and bounty of his Followers.

80. After these Stirs, thus suppres∣sed, they began to tamper with the Earl of Essex; who was grown into a great height of favour with the Queen; and by reason that sundry of his Kin∣dred * 1.150 and Allies were inclined that way, they so far prevailed with him, that he did privily, and far as he durst for fear of the Queen's displeasure, give way and countenance to them. But upon better consideration, finding by the heady Courses of some of them, the danger that thereby was like to grow to her Majesty and the State, and the Resolution had of all hands to cut them off by the Law aforesaid, he grew very calm, and was careful how to carry himself uprightly betwixt both. And

yet the Archbishop had still a vigilant Eye over him, that he could not, though he would, do any great hurt.

81. For, to say the truth, by this * 1.151 due execution of Laws, in the begin∣ning, and the provident Courses of the Archbishop, with the Assistance and painful Endeavours of Doctor Bancroft, and Doctor Cosin, and the publishing of their learned, and unanswerable Books, the state of the Clergy was in good quiet; especially, so long as Sir Chri∣stopher Hatton the Lord Chancellor did live.

82. Immediately after whose death, * 1.152 the Archbishop attending upon her Ma∣jesty, and advising with her who was fittest to succeed him in the Chancellor∣ship of Oxford, found her graciously en∣clined toward the Lord Buckhurst; in whose behalf she presently dispatched her Letters to the University, and pre∣vailed: Whereat the Earl of Essex was * 1.153 so offended (his Friends having labour∣ed exceedingly therein, on his behalf) that being then Lord General of her Majesty's Forces in France, he made open profession of his dislike of the Archbishop. But, upon his return in∣to England, finding how firm her Ma∣jesty

stood for him, and that his stirring in the matter must needs call in questi∣on her Majesty's Judgment, did there∣fore in a temperate manner expostulate the matter with the Archbishop, from whom he received such an Answer, as he knew not well whom to be angry withal, unless with the Queen her self, who thought him too young a man (being yet no Counsellor) for so grave a Title; and fearing happily, lest if she should have committed the guiding of that University unto his young Years, and unexperienced Judgment, some hot and unruly Spirits there (like Phaeton's untamed Horses) might have carried him in such an headlong course of go∣vernment, as that the sparks of Con∣tention, which were then scarce kind∣led in that University, might have bro∣ken forth into open flames, to the utter destruction and devastation of the whole State Ecclesiastical. And, besides this, she held the Lord Buckhurst (being an ancient Counsellor, and her Kinsman,) more fit for the Place a great deal. And so much it seemed the Queen had told * 1.154 the Earl in justification of the Archbi∣shop, before his questioning of the mat∣ter with him; for in effect, he acknow∣ledged

so much, and thereupon they parted in no unkind terms, but with due respect of each other in very friend∣ly manner. The Queen, not long af∣ter, * 1.155 was the mean of their entring into further Friendship; having oftentimes recommended unto the Archbishop the Earl's many excellent Parts, and Ver∣tues, which she thought then rare in so young Years. And the Earl likewise confessed to the Archbishop, that her Majesty's often speech of her extraordi∣nary opinion of him, and his worth, was the cause of his seeking after the Archbishop; and therefore did offer to run a course for Clergy Causes, accord∣ing to his directions, and advice, and to cast off the Novelists, as indeed he did, immediately after Sir Francis Wal∣singham's * 1.156 death; which was a special cause of the Archbishop's constancy and firmness to the Earl in his disgrace and trouble afterwards.

83. But now to return to our former course: The Lord Chancellor's death much troubled and perpexed the Arch∣bishop; * 1.157 fearing that new Troubles would befal him and the Church. Howbeit, things were then so well and firmly setled, that he had no great ado

afterwards, saving with their dispersing * 1.158 of Pamphlets, and that some few Per∣sons (though thanks be to God not powerful) both in Court and Country, * 1.159 did attempt, as much as in them lay, by motions in Parliament, and Bills there preferred, to bring in I know not (nor they themselves) what kind of new Government in the Church, but were prevented by the Wisdom of her Majesty, who always suppressed those Bills and Motions, and still comforted the Archbishop (who was oftentimes * 1.160 much grieved with their causeless Com∣plaints) and assured him they should not prevail to do any hurt, except it were to hurt themselves. For she did see in her Princely wisdom, how dange∣rous they were to her and all Imperial Government. And when she found them still bent to pursue such Bills, and Motions, she (to deliver the Archbi∣shop from farther trouble and vexation) before it was expected, and as it were with silence, brake up the Parliament.

84. AFter the death of Sir Christopher * 1.161 Hatton, Sir John Puckering was made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, of whom (because he lived

not long) I shall not have occasion to say much: But for ought that I ever * 1.162 heard, he shewed himself a Friend to the Church, unto the Archbishop and his Proceedings, and acknowledged him to have been amongst his other good Friends, a Furtherer of his Ad∣vancement.

85. Sir Thomas Egerton, Master of the Rolls succeeded him, May 6. 1596. Her Majesty and the State had long ex∣perience of his Integrity and Wisdom, as may appear by the great Places which he worthily held; being first her Highness's Sollicitor, and then At∣torney General. In which time (be∣sides his many great and weighty Ser∣vices) he was very careful and indu∣strious in labouring earnesty to suppress the aforesaid Libellers; a lover of Learning, and a most constant Favourer of the Clergy, and Church Govern∣ment * 1.163 established; as also a faithful lo∣ving Friend to the Archbishop in all his Affairs; insomuch, as after his advance∣ment to that Honour, and that the Earl of Essex and the Archbishop con∣curred together, being also (out of the affection of his most honourable Friend, the Lord Burghley, Lord Treasurer)

further strengthned by the friendship * 1.164 and love of Sir Robert Cecyll, principal Secretary, (and now Earl of Salisbury, and Lord Treasurer of England) he be∣gan to be fully revived again, and as well fortified by them as ever he was, when he was most and best friended. And her Majesty finding in him a zea∣lous care, and faithful performance of his duty and service towards the Church, and her Highness, shook off those Clergy Cares, and laid the bur∣then * 1.165 of them upon his Shoulders, tel∣ling him,

That if any thing went amiss, be it upon his Soul, and Con∣science to answer it; for she had rid her hands, and looked that he should yield an account, on her behalf, unto Almighty God.

86. And now, though the Archbi∣shop * 1.166 was in this singular favour and grace with her Majesty, so that he did all in all for the managing of Clergy-Affairs, and disposing of Bishopricks, and other Ecclesiastical Promotions, yet was he never puffed up with Pride, * 1.167 nor did any thing violently (by reason of his Place, and greatness with her Ma∣jesty) against any man. For he ever observed this Rule, that he would not

wound, where he could not salve. And I leave to the report of the Adversaries themselves, when he had that sway in Government, and favour with her Highness, whether his Carriage were not exceeding mild, and temperate, and whether he did not endeavour rather by gentle Persuasions, and kind Usages to win them, than (as the Law and his Place required) to pronounce Sen∣tence, or lay any sharp Censure upon them. Hath he not many a time, when Sentence hath been ready to be given by consent of all the Commissioners, found some occasion to delay the Sen∣tence to another Court-day, and in the mean time so plied the Delinquents, and set on others to persuade them, as thereby many of them were won, which otherwise would never have been brought unto Conformity? Wherein he was of Antoninus Pius his mind, who * 1.168 said, when he was taxed by Aurelius for like Remisness, and Lenity, That he had rather save one Citizen of Rome, than kill a thousand Enemies. And yet they knew this Archbishop had Cou∣rage enough in him, and Credit, and Authority to back him, if he would have extended it unto severity.

87. But it was truly noted in him by * 1.169 a great Counsellor in the Star-chamber, when Pickering was there censured for libelling against him after his death, That there was nothing more to be feared in his government (especially toward his latter time) than his mildness and cle∣mency. And he said that which was most true; for did he not, after that Udall and others were condemned unto death, draw upon him the dislike of his dear and honourable Friend * 1.170, in making earnest Suit, and never ceased until he had obtained pardon for them at her Majesty's hands? And, besides the dismission of Master Cartwright and his Consorts out of the Star chamber, did not divers Gentlemen of special note, find the like favour there, by his Intercession, and were eased both of * 1.171 Fine and Punishment for entertaining the Presses and Printers before-men∣tioned? The very truth is, I cannot sufficiently express his singular Wis∣dom, and Clemency, albeit some Younger Spirits were of opinion, that he was much to blame in that kind, and imputed it unto his Years, and want of Courage, and sometimes would be bold to tell him, that he

knew not his own strength with her Majesty.

88. But he knew the Court well, and that Queen Elizabeth was the wisest * 1.172 Governor of any Prince then living; and that she had always entreated her Subjects graciously, and ruled with all mildness, and moderation, and that she brought her Subjects oftentimes rather by gentle means to yield unto her just and profitable Demands, than enforce them thereunto by Rigour and Autho∣rity; which peradventure she would have used, considering her absolute So∣vereignty, and great Occasions, had she not found out of her singular Wis∣dom, and long Experience in Govern∣ment, that she was the more observed and reverenced of her People, by inter∣mingling and tempering her Authority and Sovereignty with Mildness and Le∣nity. And this her Highness's Example * 1.173 the Archbishop followed; agreeable to that which was said of Pericles, That he would steer and govern the Commonwealth with two principal Rudders, Fear, and Hope; bridling with the one the fierce and insolent rashness of the common People, when they were in prosperity, and in their jollity; and reviving and comforting with

the other their discontented Spirits, by gi∣ving way for the time, unto their Humour and Passion. And happy surely was it for that crasy state of the Church (for so it was at this Archbishop's first coming, and a long time after) not to meet with too rough and boisterous a Physician; for he preserved it with Conserves, and Electuaries, and some gentle Purges, which with strong Purgations in all likelihood might have been much more endangered; so that it may be very well verified of him, which Ennius wrote of Fabius Maximus.

Unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem; * 1.174 Ergo post{que} magis{que} viri nunc gloria claret.

89. As you may perceive his Cle∣mency towards the irregular sort, so, towards the Conformable he was car∣ried with an exceeding tender respect and kindness. He loved a learned Mini∣ster, vertuous and honest, with all his heart; framing himself unto that Rule of Aristotle, which directeth a good Magi∣strate * 1.175 to be as careful in encouraging good men, according to their merits; as in pu∣nishing the bad, according to the quality of their offences. If he found a Scholar of

extraordinary Gifts, or Hopes, that out * 1.176 of wants, grew discontented, and encli∣ned to Popery, or Puritanism (as most of their discontentments and wayward∣ness proceeded thence) him would he gain both with supplies of Money out of his Purse, and Preferments of his own gift, or otherwise, as opportuni∣ty served.

90. Now as our own Countrymen of all sorts had daily taste of the kind dispo∣sition of this our Archbishop, so was it not wanting unto sundry Men of Learn∣ing, * 1.177 and Quality, of Foreign Countries, whom he entertained both with his Love, and his Bounty. He sent sundry times much Mony to Master Beza out of his own Purse, besides the general Collections and Contributions to Gene∣va, which he also greatly furthered. Upon which occasion many Letters pas∣sed betwixt them, especially towards his latter time. In some of which Let∣ters Master Beza confesseth, That in his * 1.178 Writings, touching the Church-govern∣ment, he ever impugned the Romish Hie∣rarchy, but never intended to touch or impugn the Ecclesiastical Policy of this Church of England, nor to exact of us to frame our selves, or our Church, to the

Pattern of their Presbyterial Discipline; and that as long as the substance of Do∣ctrine were uniform in the Church of Christ, they may lawfully vary in other matters, as the circumstance of Time, Place, and Persons requireth, and as pre∣scription of Antiquity may warrant. And to that end, he wisheth, and hopeth, that the sacred and holy College of our Bishops (for so he calleth them) will for ever con∣tinue and maintain such their right and title in the Church's government, with all equity and Christian moderation. Yea so far was he from denying our Church to be a Church, that often, and in most pi∣thy manner he confesseth, That as Queen * 1.179 Elizabeth was the true nursing Mother of the Church of Christ, so England and our English Church was both the harbour of all the godly, and the preserver of all other reformed Churches. So far was he also from esteeming the Archbishop an An∣tichristian Prelate, as he never omitted to term him, A most Reverend Father in * 1.180 Christ, and his most honoured good Lord. I wish that our Disciplinarians, who seem to direct themselves by the Rule of Geneva, would learn thus to disci∣pline their Tongues with him, and imi∣tate his Modesty.

91. The Archbishop, as from Master Beza, so from other famous Men be∣yond the Seas received many Letters, arguing their great love, and due re∣spect of him. At their request and re∣commendation, he relieved and enter∣tained into his House, for many years * 1.181 together, divers distressed Ministers out of Germany and France, who were enforced to forsake their own Countries; some by Banishment, others by reason of Wars and extremity which they were put unto. And at their de∣parture he dealt bountifully with them; as namely Drusius, Renicherus, Frige∣vill, and Monsieur Buse, a French Mi∣nister, who read weekly a Lecture in Latin in his Chappel. And although his French pronunciation, and want of good delivery, did somewhat blemish the goodness of the matter which he handled; yet the Archbishop's proper∣ty ever was, to cherish and encourage him, and all others that preached be∣fore him, and was never heard to give the Preacher distaste, but rather would commend, or excuse him against other mens Censures; saying, If he were young, better experience would correct his defaults; and if he were in years,

he was in that respect to be born withal; alledging for both, that some would take exceptions sometimes ra∣ther to satisfy their own too much cu∣riosity, than for any just cause of dislike in the Preacher.

92. Wherein he shewed a Disposi∣tion very rarely to be found; in that, having himself an excellent gift in that Faculty, his modesty in prizing himself, and his mildness in censuring others, was extraordinary, and very singular: * 1.182 so that thereby he gave great encou∣ragement unto some, whom otherwise his exquisite Judgment might have daunted.

93. Neither herein did he, as in ser∣vice of War the Trumpeters use to do, who encourage others to fight, never taking Weapon in hand themselves, or as Plutarch noteth in Aristogiton, who * 1.183 animated others to take Arms, but himself in excuse, pleaded lameness, and came halt∣ing to the Musters in pretence thereof: But as his continual Endeavours were to re∣ward those of best Gifts, and to encou∣rage those of meaner; so (as often as Church, and State-affairs gave him leave) he was industrious in propound∣ing wholesome Doctrine unto the Peo∣ple,

and a worthy Pattern of true Divi∣nity and Diligence unto all others of the Clergy to follow him therein. When he was Bishop of Worcester, un∣less * 1.184 extraordinary businesses of the Mar∣ches of Wales hindred him, he never failed to preach upon every Sabbath∣day; many times riding five or six Miles to a Parish Church, and after Sermon, came home to Dinner. The like he did also when he was Archbi∣shop, and lay at Croydon, the Queen being in her Progress. No Sunday es∣caped him in Kent, as the Gentlemen there can well witness, who would ex∣ceedingly resort unto him: And he would oftentimes preach so early in the Morning in some Parish-Church, both in Worcester, and Canterbury, that he came afterwards to the Sermon in the Cathedral Church.

94. His Gift that way was excellent, * 1.185 as if you had heard Saint Augustin him∣self, or some of the ancient Bishops in the Primitive Church. His Gesture, and Action in the Pulpit, so grave and decent, his words coming from him so fatherly, and comely, and though plain∣ly (for the most part) and without af∣fectation, yet always elegantly, with

special choice, and substantial matter, full of good and sound Learning, plen∣tiful in Authorities out of Scripture, Fathers, and School-men, so singularly applied, that he much affected his Au∣ditory therewith. Thus he oftentimes stirred and moved mens minds and af∣fections; and that not by the force of Eloquence only, but by his pious Life, answerable to his religious Sentences; the opinion and confidence which the People had of his Integrity, being very * 1.186 great, because he did live unspotted of the world, and would not any way be corrupted.

95. He never preached, but he first * 1.187 wrote his Notes in Latin, and after∣wards kept them during his life. For he would say, That whosoever took that pains before his preaching, the el∣der he waxed, the better he should dis∣charge that Duty; but if he trusted on∣ly to his memory, his preaching in time * 1.188 would become pratling. Wherein (out of a true religious care, and divine wis∣dom) he did express the grave and pru∣dent Counsel that Demosthenes held in his Orations, and pleadings in the Court. For (as Plutarch saith) He would never * 1.189 offer to speak unto the People, before he

had made briefs of that which he had to de∣liver, alledging that he loved the People well, that would be careful before-hand what to say unto them. And this prepa∣ration (saith he) doth shew that a man honoureth and reverenceth them too. Con∣trariwise, he that passeth not how the Peo∣ple taketh his words, it is a plain token that he despiseth them, and their Authority, and that he lacketh no good-will to use force against them, if he could, rather than reason or persuasion.

96. When he was Bishop of Wor∣cester, * 1.190 and Vice-president of the Mar∣ches, he did exceeding good by that his continual preaching, as also by his of∣ten conference, and conventing of the Papists, whom he used with mild and temperate speeches, and thereby got many of them to conform themselves, both Gentlemen, and others, whereby, as at his first coming unto the See of Worcester, he found many Recusants, so he left very few at his coming thence.

97. Immediately after he came to be * 1.191 Archbishop, he convented before him the chiefest and most learned Recusants throughout all England. He also wrote Letters to the Bishops, his Brethren,

within the Province of Canterbury, to proceed with the Recusants by their Authority Ecclesiastical, and Censures of the Church, and called yearly upon them for an account of their doings. He sent forth also many Warrants, by vertue of her Highness's Com∣mission for Causes Ecclesiastical, and thereby had daily brought before him both Recusants and Priests; who ac∣cording to the quality of their Offences were restrained, and proceeded against, or delivered over unto the Civil Ma∣gistrate to be dealt withal, as to Ju∣stice appertained, after the Laws were enacted against Recusants and Semina∣ry Priests.

98. Thus this grave and prudent * 1.192 Archbishop always carried a most vigi∣lant eye, and straight hand over the subtle-headed Papists; as fearing lest they conceived an hope of advancing their Cause and Quarrel by help of the aforesaid Contentions betwixt the Bi∣shops and these Sectaries; and so soon as they should have found the Forces on both sides sufficiently weakned and enfeebled by a long continuance of the Conflict, to have destroyed the Van∣quished with the Vanquishers, where∣by

to re establish their Papal Jurisdicti∣on, and superstitious Impieties; as not long after this Archbishop's death they attempted to do, by the divelish De∣vice of that damnable Powder-Treason; which if it had succeeded, their intend∣ment then was, to have put both alike to the Sword.

99. You may perceive by the Pre∣misses, * 1.193 how untruly some of the uncha∣ritable and precipitate Sectaries tradu∣ced him for a Papist, and called him The Pope of Lambeth in their Libels, and Conventicles, and most unjustly reproached him with the Title of Doctor Pearn's Servant, whom they likewise taxed with Popery, and falsly charged him to have infected the Archbishop therewith, because of his affection and love unto him, for the reasons specified before. The truth is, as the Archbi∣shop was of his own nature a very loving kind man, so he did hate in∣gratitude * 1.194 in any, and could never be taxed with that fault. He was likewise (as the Gentlemen of Worcestershire and Kent had daily experience) very firm, * 1.195 and marvailous constant, where he af∣fected and professed love, which brought him in great displeasure in the Cause of

the late Earl of Essex; with whose Life, and Actions, though I have nothing to do (having only taken upon me to re∣port another Man's) yet thus much I may truly say, that his misfortune drew upon the Archbishop the greatest dis∣contentment, and severest reprehension * 1.196 from her Majesty, that he had ever be∣fore undergone in all his life.

100. For after that the Earl began to fall upon Courses displeasing and di∣stastful unto her Majesty, nevertheless such was the confidence the Archbishop had in the Earl's Loyaly, and his own stedfastness in that Friendship which he had formerly professed unto him, that he could not be drawn from being a continual Intercessor for him; where∣with her Majesty was so highly dis∣pleased, * 1.197 and so sharply rebuked him for the same, that the good old Archbi∣shop came sometimes home much grieved and perplexed.

101. Within a while after, the Earl (forgetting that unto Princes the highest * 1.198 judgment of things is given, and unto us the glory of obedience is left) went out indeed. The Archbishop being that Sun∣day * 1.199 Morning at the Court (whether by direction, or by his own accord, I know

not) hastned home without any Atten∣dant, and commanded as many men as he then had in the House to be presently armed, and sent them over unto the Court, but not to go within the Gates until Master Secretary Cecill, or some other by his instruction, should appoint them a Leader. There were immedi∣ately * 1.200 presented unto him Threescore men well armed, and appointed, who with a Message from the Archbishop, shewed themselves before the Court, of whose arrival there Master Secretary Cecill, with the rest of the Lords of the Council, were right glad, and said he * 1.201 was a most worthy Prelate. They had speedily a Leader appointed unto them, and marched presently, and were the first that entred into the Gates of Essex∣house; and in the first Court made good the place until the Earl yielded himself, * 1.202 and was by the Lord Admiral brought to Lambeth-house, where he remained an hour or two, and was from thence con∣veyed to the Tower. The Archbishop had likewise in readiness that Afternoon Forty Horsemen well appointed, and expected Directions from the Court how to dispose of them. The next Morning he sent a Gentleman to know

how the Queen did, and how she rested all night. To whom she made answer, that she rested and slept the better for his care the day before; but I beshrew his heart (said she) he would not be∣lieve this of Essex, though I had often told him it would, one day, thus come to pass.

102. After this, when her Majesty understood that her own recommenda∣tion of the Earl had wrought that good * 1.203 opinion of him in the Archbishop, and that she now found his readiness for her defence, with Horse, and Men, and the nearness thereof unto the Court, to stand her at that time in great stead, she began to entertain him in her wonted favour and grace again, and ever after conti∣nued her good opinion of him unto her dying day.

103. Towards which time, though * 1.204 by reason of her melancholy Disease, she was impatient of others speeches with her, yet was she well pleased to hear the Archbishop, the then Bishops of London, and Chichester, and the now Bishop of Worcester, with some other Divines, give her comfort and counsel to prepare her self to God-ward, and most devoutly prayed with them, ma∣king

signs and tokens unto her last re∣membrance of the sweet comfort which she took in their presence, especially when towards her end they put her in mind of the unspeakable Joys she was now going unto; where, no doubt, she remaineth a glorious Saint of God, and as a most religious Prince, rewarded with a Crown of Immortality, and Bliss.

104. NOW the much-lamented * 1.205 death of this noble Queen gave great hope to the Factious of challenging forth with all exemption from the Censures, and subjection of Ecclesiastical Authority: But how vain their hopes were, the issue hath decla∣red; and although the Archbishop was much dejected and grieved for the loss of his dear Sovereign and Mistress, who had so highly advanced him, yet he, with the rest of the Lords, repaired im∣mediately to Whitehall, and after two hours sitting in Council about the pen∣ning of the Proclamation, he principally (as his Place required) with a chearful countenance, and the rest of the Lords in like sort accompanying him, first at the Court-gate at White-hall, with the

applause, and unspeakable comfort of all the People, proclaimed her most rightful Successor, JAMES (then * 1.206 King of Scotland) King of England, France, and Ireland. Afterwards, in like chearful sort, the Archbishop with the rest of the Lords, trooped up to the Cross in Cheapside, and there with like acclamation of the Lord Mayor and Ci∣tizens, * 1.207 proclaimed him again.

105. I am doubtful to speak (lest I might seem to detract from others) of the great comfort which the common People and Citizens took in the pre∣sence of the Archbishop, and how hear∣tily they prayed for him at his return, as if they nothing doubted, but that all went well for the State in that Coun∣sel, among whom he was present.

106. He was indeed beloved of all sorts of People, yea even of some of them who were the most fervent Re∣prehenders themselves, as they have confessed since his death. And well worthy was he so to be, for that he carried a most mild and moderate hand over them. A more particular love also he deserved of many, for his affection * 1.208 unto liberal and ingenious Arts, where∣of his domestick government and care

was no less argument than his publick; which I have formerly spoken of. For, besides the pains which he took himself (after he was Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of. Canterbury) many years with a number of worthy young Gen∣tlemen, in reading unto them thrice a∣day, he took into his House, besides his Chaplains, divers of quality to instruct them in the Mathematicks, and other Lectures of sundry Arts and Languages; giving them good allowance, and Pre∣ferments * 1.209 otherwise, as occasion was of∣fered. And besides the many poor Scho∣lars, * 1.210 whom he kept in his House till he could provide for them, and prefer them (as he did sundry to good Estates) he also maintained divers in the Univer∣sity * 1.211 at his own charge, and gave liberal∣ly to them and others of any towardli∣ness, as he heard of their necessity, and wants.

107. He kept likewise for the exercise of Military Discipline, a good Armory, * 1.212 and a fair Stable of great Horses; inso∣much as he was able to arm at all points both Horse and Foot, and divers times had One hundred Foot, and Fifty Horse of his own Servants mustered, and trained; for which purpose he enter∣tained

Captains. He had also skilful Ri∣ders, who taught them to manage their Horses, and instructed them in war∣like Exercises, all whom he rewarded in liberal manner. By this means he had divers of his own Gentlemen that afterwards proved good Soldiers; ma∣ny whereof became Captains and Com∣manders, and some for their Valour and Service were Knighted in the Field. There were also divers others, that for Learn∣ing, Languages and Qualities, were fit to be employed by any Prince in Chri∣stendom. Insomuch as his House, for the Lectures and Scholastical Exercises therein performed, might justly be ac∣counted a little Academy, and in some * 1.213 respects superior, and more profitable; viz. for Martial Affairs, and the Expe∣rience that Divines and other Scholars had, being near, and often at the Court, and chief Seats of Justice, from whence they continually had the Passages and Intelligences both for Matters of State, and government in Causes Ecclesiasti∣cal and Civil. By which their conti∣nual Experience, many of his * 1.214 Dome∣stical * 1.215

Chaplains, both before, and since his death, attained unto the chiesest Ho∣nours and Dignities in our Church and Commonwealth.

108. And here I may not forget his religious care and provident order for the due execution of his Charge, and determination of all such Causes as be∣longed unto his proper cognizance and place. To which end and purpose, he appointed every Thursday in Term a so∣lemn and set Commission day; upon which he had a Sermon in his Chappel by one of his Houshold Chaplains, and entertained the Commissioners, and their Attendants, though to his great expence, which he little esteemed in regard of the well guiding, and order∣ing the Affairs, then by him underta∣ken. That day you should have had a Senate of the worthiest and greatest Counsellors of State, with the assistance of the chief Prelates, Justices, Judges, and sufficientest Lawyers of both Pro∣fessions, that those Times afforded.

109. You may then hereby observe the * 1.216 Archbishop's exceeding care and singular wisdom in proceeding with the Advice of so many worthy, prudent, and learned Men of several Faculties; whereby the

Subjects came chearfully to the hearing of their Causes, and without fear of partiality in any particular Person. And howsoever the Cause went, the Arch∣bishop could not be impeached of rash or inconsiderate proceeding, seeing he had the consent and approbation of all Professions. For the Archbishop always gave Sentence, and ordered matters as the greater part of the Court did encline, beginning at the Junior first, although himself would sometimes dissent from them in opinion, and so he would tell them, but without tartness; yea in such kind and loving manner, as no man was hindered in delivering his mind. By which means he was sure always to have the Cause fully debated, and eve∣ry man's opinion fully known; which when he found concurring with his own, and the Proceedings ordered ac∣cording to the Rules of Justice, he would go on to sentence and determine the Cause.

110. Wherein he carried himself * 1.217 with great resolution, and courage, were the Persons never so great that were interested in the same, as you may perceive by one Instance (among many) when himself was yet no Counsellor of

State. A Gentleman of good Note see∣ing * 1.218 how the Court was enclined to or∣der his Cause (not according to his de∣sire) told the Archbishop, that upon another occasion there grew some speech of that Cause before the Lords of the Council, and their Lordships were of another opinion than his Grace, and the rest of the Commissioners, seemed to be; what tellest thou me (said the Archbishop) of the Lords of the Coun∣cil? I tell thee, they are in these Cases to be advised by us, and not we by them. He would upon such like Oc∣casions oftentimes say unto his private Friends towards his latter time (when they talked familiarly with him, and observed his courage and stoutness) That two things did help much to make a man confident in good Causes, namely, Orbitas, & Senectus; and (said he) they steed me both.

111. This orderly proceeding and * 1.219 course upheld the Reputation and Dig∣nity of the Commission Court; which albeit it be of great Authority, and deal∣eth for the most part in matters of great weight and importance, yet the want of worthy Assistants and Counsel (if the like care should not be continued) may

make it grow to be of little reputation, as experience hath somewhat taught us since the decease of this good Archbi∣shop: Whereunto not unaptly may be applied that which Plutarch reporteth * 1.220 of Cato Utican, When he was Praetor: For he would oftentimes go on foot, bare legged, and without his Gown, unto his Praetorian Chair, and there give sentence of life and death, whereby he rather defa∣ced and impaired the majesty and dignity of his Office, than gave it countenance by his manner of proceeding; although other∣wise he were a good Commonwealth's man, and ministred justice uprightly unto all.

112. But I return unto our Archbi∣shop * 1.221 again. He gave audience unto Suitors twice a day, and afforded them set hours for their dispatch, at which time he would so courteously entreat them, giving them so mild and gentle Answers, that even they that sped not of their Suits, did depart without dis∣contentment. Wherein I may justly compare him unto Titus, qui neminem * 1.222 unquam à se tristem dimisit; he dismissed no man sorrowful from his presence. Wherefore he gave also express com∣mandment unto his Officers, that Sui∣tors and Strangers should ever be cour∣teously

entertained, as well for expedi∣tion of their Suits, as for Hospitality sake.

113. He had a desire always to keep * 1.223 a great and bountiful House; and so he did, having the same well ordered and governed by his head Officers there∣in, and all things in plentiful manner, both for his own service and entertain∣ment of Strangers, according to their several Qualities and Degrees. He of∣ten feasted the Clergy, Nobility, and Gentry of his Diocess and Neighbour∣hood. And at Christmas, especially, his Gates were always open, and his Hall set twice or thrice over with Strangers: Upon some chief Festival∣days he was served with great solemni∣ty, sometime upon the Knee, as well * 1.224 for the upholding of the State that be∣longed unto his Place, as for the better education and practice of his Gentle∣men and Attendants in point of ser∣vice.

114. Every Year he entertained the * 1.225 Queen at one of his Houses, so long as he was Archbishop; and some Years twice or thrice; where all things were performed in so seemly an order, that she went thence always exceedingly

well pleased. And besides many pub∣lick and gracious Favours done unto him, she would salute him, and bid him farewell by the name of Black Hus∣band; calling also his Men her Servants, as a token of her good contentment with their attendance and pains.

115. Every third Year he went into * 1.226 Kent (unless great occasions hindred him) where he was so honourably at∣tended upon by his own Train (consist∣ing of Two hundred Persons) and with the Gentlemen of the Country, that he did sometimes ride into the City of Can∣terbury, and into other Towns, with Eight hundred or a Thousand Horse. And surely the Entertainment which he gave them, and they him, was so great, that, as I am verily persuaded, no Shire in England did, or could, give greater, or with more chearful minds, each unto other. The Fatherly care which he had of his Clergy, (whom he never charged with visitation, but once in twenty Years) his Affability amongst the Gentlemen, and courteous usage of his Tenants, gained him so great a love, that he might very far pre∣vail with them; yea, they never denied him any request that he made unto them.

116. At his first Journey into Kent * 1.227 he rode to Dover, being attended with an hundred of his own Servants, at least, in Livery, whereof there were forty Gentlemen in Chains of Gold. The Train of Clergy and Gentlemen in the Country, and their Followers, was above Five hundred Horse. At his en∣trance * 1.228 into the Town, there happily landed an Intelligencer from Rome, of good Parts, and Account, who won∣dred to see an Archbishop, or Clergy∣man in England, so reverenced, and at∣tended: But seeing him upon the next Sabbath day after in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury, attended upon by his Gentlemen, and Servants (as is aforesaid;) also by the Dean, Preben∣daries, and Preachers in their Surplesses, and scarlet Hoods, and heard the so∣lemn Musick, with the Voices, and Organs, Cornets, and Sagbuts, he was overtaken with admiration, and told an English Gentleman of very good qua∣lity (who then accompanied him) That * 1.229 they were led in great blindness at Rome by our own Nation, who made the People there believe, that there was not in Eng∣land, either Archbishop, or Bishop, or Ca∣thedral, or any Church or Ecclesiastical Go∣vernment;

but that all was pulled down to the ground, and that the People heard their Ministers in Woods, and Fields, amongst Trees, and bruit Beasts: But, for his own part, he protested, that (unless it were in the Pope's Chappel) he never saw a more solemn sight, or heard a more heavenly sound. Well, said the English Gentle∣man; I am glad of this your so lucky and first sight, ere long you will be of another mind, and, I hope, work mi∣racles when you return to Rome, in making those that are led in this blind∣ness, to see and understand the truth. It is (said the Intelligencer) the chief cause of my coming, to see with mine own eyes, and truly to inform others. Where∣upon the said English Gentleman ac∣companied him to London, and so to the Court, where he saw and heard many things to confirm the Gentle∣man's report, for the government of the Church, and civil carriage of the People, in their obedience to the Clergy and Magistrates in the Commonwealth. Afterwards this Intelligencer had pri∣vate * 1.230 speech with Sir Francis Walsingham (then principal Secretary to her Majestey) who related all this to the Archbishop with due approbation of his Kentish

Journy; confessing that he should re∣verence and honour him therefore while he lived. And although he were one of the honourable Counsellors, be∣fore mentioned, that seemed to favour the precise Faction, yet, undoubtedly, he was, after this time a kind Friend to the Archbishop, and did him many good Offices with the Queen.

117. Howbeit, some of near alliance unto Sir Francis, bearing themselves very boldly upon his favour, would of∣tentimes handle the Archbishop very roughly, and much provoke him by vain Speeches, and brags of their own worth and scholarship; and (being meer Lay-men) would very unman∣nerly compare themselves with the best conformable Divines, for true knowledge, and understanding of the Scriptures. But the Archbishop smi∣ling at their Vanities, would notwith∣standing courteously handle and entreat them in his own House, according to the true Rule of Hospitality; not unlike unto Pericles, who being reviled by a leud * 1.231 Fellow in the Market-place all the day long, returned no bad languge, but dispatched his Affairs in hearing the Suppliants, and de∣termining their Causes; and when night

came on, the Party followed him still, rail∣ing upon him till he came to his own House: It being now dark, Pericles, as he entred in, commanded one of his Servants to light him home.

118. You see now of what an excel∣lent * 1.232 Nature this Archbishop was, how far from giving offence, how ready to forgive a wrong, merciful, compassio∣nate, and tender-hearted. Yet was he not void (as no man is) of infirmities. The Holy Scripture noteth of Elias, that * 1.233 he was a man subject to the like passions as we are. But, as Horace saith,

—optimus ille * 1.234 Qui minimis urgetur—

So may it be confessed of this Archbi∣shop, that the greatest, or rather only fault known in him was Choler: and yet in him so corrected, not by Philo∣sophy alone (as Socrates confessed of his Faults) but by the Word, and Grace of God, as it rather served for a Whetstone of his Courage in just Causes, than any Weapon whetted against the Person, Goods, or good Name of any other. So that it may (as I am verily persuaded) be rightfully said of him, That he was

such a Magistrate as Jethro advised Mo∣ses to take in judging the People of God, and such a Bishop as St. Paul requireth in the Church of Christ. Provide (saith * 1.235 Jethro) among all the People, men of cou∣rage, fearing God, dealing truly, hating covetousness, and appoint such over them to be rulers. And a Bishop (saith St. Paul) * 1.236 must be unreproveable, the husband of one wife, watching, temperate, modest, harba∣rous, apt to teach, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre, but gen∣tle, no fighter, not covetous, one that can rule his one house honestly. He may not be a young Scholar, lest he, being puffed up, fall into the condemnation of the Devil. He must also be well reported of, even of them which are without, lest he fall into re∣buke, and the snare of the Devil.

119. And now what is there that the Devil himself, with all his Imps, Po∣pish, or Schismatical Libellers, can re∣buke or condemn, in this good Arch∣bishop's Saintly Life? Let them exa∣mine his Actions, in all his carriage and course, if so they can convince him in any thing, that was not agreeable to the directions of Jethro for a Magistrate, and answerable unto the Rule of Saint Paul for a Bishop.

120. As for good Works (whereof * 1.237 the Papists so vainly brag, as particular effects of their superstitious Doctrines, yea, for which Heaven it self is a due reward by condignity) many Towns, Cities and Counties can yield a plenti∣ful Testimony for him in this behalf; namely, Lincoln, Worcester, the Marches of Wales, Kent and Surry, wherein he lived, and, in particular, that notable Monument of our time, his Hospital of the Blessed Trinity in Croydon, which he built very fair, and College-wise, for a Warden, and Eight and twenty Bro∣thers and Sisters. He builed also near unto it a goodly Free school, with a Schoolmaster's House, allowing unto the Schoolmaster Twenty pounds by year for ever. All which he performed with such alacrity, and good success, that he hath been heard divers times to profess with great comfort, that, not∣withstanding the charge of the Purchase and Building was not small unto him, in comparison of his Estate (who nei∣ther impaired House-keeping, nor Re∣tinue at that time) yet when he had finished and done that whole Work, he found himself no worse in his Estate than when he first began, which he as∣cribed

unto the extraordinary blessing and goodness of God.

121. After the finishing of this Hos∣pital, among many other his good Deeds, the French Lieger Embassador in England, called Boys Sisi, enquired what Works the Archbishop had pub∣lished, for that he would willingly read his Books, who was reputed The Peer∣less * 1.238 Prelate for Piety and Learning in our days, and whom in conference, he found so grave, godly, and judicious; when it was answered, that he only published certain Books in the English Tongue, in defence of the Ecclesiastical Government (although it be very well known to many, who were near unto him, that he left divers learned Trea∣tises in Written-hand, well worthy the printing) and that it was thereupon in∣cidently told the Embassador that he had founded an Hospital, and a School, he used these words; Profectò Hospitale, * 1.239 ad sublevandam paupertatem, & Schola, ad instruendam Juventutem, sunt optimi Libri, quos Archiepiscopus conscribere po∣tuit; Truly an Hospital to sustain the Poor, and a School to train up Youth, are the worthiest Books that an Arch∣bishop could set forth.

122. And albeit the Archbishop had * 1.240 ever a great affection to lie at his Man∣sion house at Croyáon, for the sweetness of the Place, especially in Summer time; whereby also he might some∣times retire himself from the multi∣plicity of Businesses and Suitors in the Vacations; yet, after he had builded his Hospital, and his School, he was farther in love with the Place than be∣fore. The chief comfort of repose or solace that he took, was in often dining at the Hospital among his poor Bre∣thren, as he called them: There he was often visited by his entire and honoura∣ble Friends, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Worcester, and Cumberland, the Lord Zouch, the Bishop of London, and others of near place about her Majesty, in whose company he chiefly delighted.

123. In the absence of his Friends, * 1.241 he would be exceeding chearful and af∣fable with his own Gentlemen and Ser∣vants, though his Bounty towards them and the Poor did not consist in words, but in deeds, for he was very liberal in * 1.242 rewarding them, both with Leases, Of∣fices, and otherwise with Supplies, as their Occasions required, out of his Purse; and would, I make no question,

have done much more for them out of his own Estate, if he had had ability, and time (after his Sickness first seized upon him) to dispose of his worldly Affairs.

124. As his Bounty was very great * 1.243 towards his own (for in that number likewise he always accounted the poor Society of his Hospital) so were his Hands every-where reached out to the necessities of all sorts. Yea such was his Charity, that if he had seen poor men addicted to labour, he would have given them Money, and waste Ground to employ in gardening, or some such use as might be for their relief. Or if he heard that any of his poor Neigh∣bours were decrepit, or destitute of means to follow their Trade, he would supply their needs either with Money or Fewel, and sometimes poor Watermens wants with Boats, and such like; where∣in he dealt no worse with them, than that famous Bishop of Lincoln, Robert * 1.244 Grosthead, dealt with his poor Kinsman; in whose behalf when he was sollicited to advance him, and thereupon enqui∣ring what course of life he followed, and receiving answer that he was an Husbandman; Why then (quoth he)

if his Plough be broken, I will repair it, or rather than fail bestow a new one upon him, whereby he may go on in his course of life; but so to advance him, as to make him for∣sake his Trade, or Condition, in which he was brought up, that mean I not to do.

125. I fear lest I have held the Rea∣der too long in these private matters: therefore I will for brevity sake, omit to speak of the fair Library which he left behind him, with many other me∣morable things (worthy the observa∣tion) and return again unto his publick Affairs.

126. THE Archbishop (respect∣ing the welfare of the Church, and publick Cause) albeit he was very confident of the King's Prince∣ly wisdom, by the experience he had thereof (being now an ancient Counsel∣lor) and well understanding the pas∣sages of Matters betwixt his Majesty, and state of our Country, (whereby he did conceive that it was not probable so wise and learned a Prince could be overcome with the Conceits of such In∣novators, whose Fancies could not stand but with hazard of the State) yet he held it most expedient to send that Re∣verend

Gentleman, Master Doctor Ne∣vill, * 1.245 Dean of Canterbury, into Scotland to his Majesty, in the name of the Bi∣shops, and Clergy of England, to ten∣der their bounden Duties, and to un∣derstand his Highness's pleasure for the ordering and guiding of Clergy Causes. The Dean brought a most gracious An∣swer of his Highness's purpose; which was, to uphold and maintain the Go∣vernment of the late Queen; as she left it setled. Which Answer did much * 1.246 comfort the Archbishop; and the ra∣ther, because it did yield full satisfacti∣on unto some others, who peradventure might conceive some doubt of altera∣tion, by reason of the Puritan brags, and their affections unto the Presbyte∣rial Government in Scotland.

127. In this mean while, the prepa∣rations * 1.247 were great for solemnization of the late Queen's Funeral; which being performed very sumptuously, as became the dignity of so great a Prince, the Archbishop, as he was the principal in the Custody of the Kingdom, and chief in all Councils of State, under his Ma∣jesty in his absence (for there is no in∣terregnum in England, as Watson the Priest did trayterously pretend) so in

this last Solemnity of Obsequy unto his ever honoured Sovereign, and Mistress, he was the most eminent Person of the whole Land, and principal Mourner; * 1.248 who received the Offering, and had the Banners presented unto him.

128. After this, when at his Maje∣sty's * 1.249 first entrance into England, the King had spoken with him at Theobalds, whereby he more fully conceived his religious pleasure touching the Affairs of this Commonwealth, he was there∣with put into heart, especially, when after his coming to London, he did again perceive his Resolution for the conti∣nuance of the well setled state of the Church, which made him more chear∣fully prepare himself for performance of his Duty (as a thing belonging unto * 1.250 his Place,) against the day of Corona∣tion, July 25. 1603.

129. At which time the Archbishop, with all due Ceremonies and obser∣vances for so great a Solemnity, crown∣ed and anointed his Sacred Majesty King JAMES in the Collegiate Church of Westminster. Then also, and there he crowned our most noble and gracious Queen ANN, his Ma∣jesty's * 1.251 happy and fruitful Wife; whose

blessed Seed God grant so to encrease and continue, as there may never be wanting thereof to rule and reign in this Kingdom.

130. The Puritan Faction did not surcease, until by their importunity they obtained a Conference before his * 1.252 Highness, which continued for three days. His Majesty having now at full heard their Objections, and the Bishops Answers (the weakness of the one, and the foreible Reasons of the other, much confirming his Royal mind in his former Opinion) was pleased immedi∣ately thereupon to signify publickly his Resolution for the continuance of the Religion, and Ecclesiastical Govern∣ment, formerly established: highly commending the Wisdom, Care, and Constancy of his Sister the late Queen Elizabeth, in constituting and main∣taining all things so well; as also ap∣proving the Bishops Learning Wisdom, and endeavour to uphold so godly and well governed a Church; which him∣self (by God's assistance) would ever advance and defend. Likewise he gave present command touching the new printing of the Common-Prayer-book, for the further ratify∣ing

of the Liturgy and Orders of our Church.

131. The Parliament now growing * 1.253 on, the Archbishop, that he might be the better prepared, did appoint a meeting at Fulham, at the Bishop of * 1.254 London's House, to confer with some of the Bishops and Judges of his Court, concerning the Affairs of the Church, which were then to be treated upon. As he was thus going in his Barge upon an extaordinary cold day, and having his Barge-cloath tied up (as his custom was) to the top of the Bales, the Wind blew very sharply; so that the young Gentlemen (shaking with cold) desired to have the Cloath down, which he would by no means permit, because the Water was rough, and he would there∣fore see his way. By reason whereof the flashing of the Water, and sharp∣ness of the Air, did so pierce the Arch∣bishop (being above Threescore and * 1.255 thirteen years of Age) that he com∣plained the same night of a great cold, which he had then taken in the mould of his Head.

132. Notwithstanding which di∣stemperature, for performance of his accustomed duty unto the King's Ma∣jesty

(as formerly unto the Queen) he went upon the next Sabbath following (being the first Sunday in Lent) over unto the Court at Whitehall, where * 1.256 meeting the then Bishop of London, they both had long speech with his Highness about the Affairs of the Church, both before and after his Ma∣jesty's coming from the Chappel. For which cause, staying long at the Court, and having fasted until it was near One one of the Clock, as he was going from his Majesty unto the Council-chamber to dinner, he was taken with a dead * 1.257 Palsey; whereby all his Right side was benummed, and he bereaved of his Speech. From the Council-chamber he was, by means of his dearest Friends, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Trea∣surer, and the Bishop of London, with the aid of the King's Servants, carried to the Lord Treasurer's Chamber, and afterwards in his Barge conveyed home * 1.258 to Lambeth.

133. His Majesty (being much trou∣bled with the report of his Sickness) came upon the Tuesday following to visit * 1.259 and comfort him with very kind and gracious Speeches; saying, That he would beg him of God in his Prayer:

Which if he could obtain, he should think it one of the greatest temporal Blessings that could be given him in this Kingdom. The Archbishop made offer to speak to his Majesty in Latin; but neither his Highness, nor any there present, well understood what he said, save only, that by the last words, pro Ecclesia Dei, * 1.260 pro Ecclesia Dei (which in earnest man∣ner with his Eyes and Hands lift up, he oftentimes iterated) his Majesty con∣ceived (as it pleased him afterwards to report) that he continued the Suit, which sundry times before, and at his last attendance on his Highness, he had earnestly recommended unto his Royal and Special Care in behalf of the Church.

134. After his Majesty's departure, the Archbishop had neither perfect use of his Speech, nor ability to write his mind; as he did desire, by the signs that he used for Ink and Paper. Which being brought unto him, and he making offer to write, had no feeling of his Pen, for it fell out of his Hands. When he perceived his impotency to write, after two or three assays, he setched a great sigh, and lay down again; and on Wed∣nesday following (at Eight of the Clock

at night) the last of February, 1603. * 1.261 he quietly, and like a Lamb, died the Servant of Christ; as in the time of his Sickness, by many infallible signs, was manifest unto my self, and those that attended him in that time of his visita∣tion. Which cannot be better testified by any, than by Doctor Barlow, the now Bishop of Lincoln, together with Doctor Buckeridge (now Bishop of Ro∣chester) and Doctor Charryor, his then Houshold Chaplains; who for the most part, were continually with him, from the beginning of his Sickness, unto the end of the same. Of the manner of whose death, though some undiscreet men have censured uncharitably, yet I may truly say, as Solon did for the hap∣py ends of Eleobis and Biton, who in the absence of their Mother's Oxen, did yoke themselves, and drew her in her Coach to the Temple, and after their Sacrifices performed, went to bed, and were found the next Morning dead, without hurt or sorrow: So fared it with this good Archbishop, who want∣ing the assistance of some, who by their Places should have undergone with him the Charge of guiding and supporting of Ecclesiastical Affairs, took the yoke

and burden thereof himself for his Mo∣ther the Church's sake. And when he had performed his Oblations of Prayer and Thanksgiving to God; was carried to bed, and there died, without suffer∣ing hurt or sorrow. Thus he, as Abra∣ham * 1.262 (of whom he was a true Son) yield∣ed up the Spirit, and died in a good age, an old man, and of great years, and was gathered unto his people. He was Bishop * 1.263 of Worcester six Years and five Months, and Archbishop of Canterbury twenty Years and five Months.

135. Now though he lived and died, no doubt, a chosen and beloved Ser∣vant of God, and one, who as a learned Man truly saith, had devoutly consecrated both his whole life to God, and his painful labours to the Church; yet there wanted not some, who after his death fought by an infamous Libel to stain the glory of his ever honourable Name. But their Malice was soon discovered, and the Author, at least the Publisher, punished by an honourable Sentence, given in the High Court of Star-chamber.

136. And if what was then spoken by their Lordships, and the rest of that great and judicious Court, concern∣ing this Archbishop's Piety, Wisdom,

Learning, and Government, were pub∣lished in Print; he that would have ad∣ventured to write any thing more of him, might justly have been condemn∣ed of indiscretion. Therefore, as a bur∣den that I am not able to undergo, I forbear to enter into any particular rela∣tion of their Speeches and Sentence.

137. His Funeral was very honou∣rably * 1.264 (as befitted his Place) solemni∣zed at Croydon the 27th of March follow∣ing, 1604. where the Earl of Worcester, and the Lord Zouch, did him the honour in attending the Hearse, and carrying his Banners: Doctor Babbington, Bishop of Worcester, made his Funeral Sermon; * 1.265 who like wise was his Pupil in Cambridge, and performed that Duty (among ma∣ny other due observances of him in his life-time) with very great commenda∣tion, chusing for his Text a portion of Scripture most fitting the worthiness of his Person. But Jehoida waxed old, and * 1.266 was full of days and died. An hundred and thirty years old was he when he died. And they buried him in the city of David, with the Kings, because he had done good in Israel, and toward God and his house.

138. Having now committed the Bo∣dy of this most Reverend Personage

(which was sometimes the Mansion of a most excellent Soul) unto his Grave (where it rests in assured expectation of a glorious Resurrection) I will for con∣clusion, speak somewhat of the outward shape and proportion thereof. He was * 1.267 of a middle Stature, of a grave Coun∣tenance, and brown Complexion, black Hair and Eyes, he wore his Beard nei∣ther long nor thick. For his small tim∣ber, he was of a good quick strength, straight and well shaped in all his Limbs, to the habit of his Body; which began somewhat to burnish towards his latter years.

139. And thus, gentle Reader, that I may not extend this Discourse beyond the period of his Life, who was the Sub∣ject thereof, I withdraw my Pen from Paper, intreating either thy friendly ac∣ceptance of this my Labour, or thy far∣ther pains in writing and publishing some more compleat and learned Obser∣vations of thine own, touching this re∣nowned Archbishop's Actions, and Fame; which could not without great shame unto my self, and others his Fol∣lowers, be buried in Darkness with his Body.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Tacit. Annal. lib. 4.
• * 1.2

  The Archbi∣shop's Descent.
• * 1.3

  He was born, Anno 1530. at Grimsby in Lincolnshire.
• * 1.4

  First instructed by his Uncle, Robert Whit∣gift, Abbot of Wellow in Lincolnshire.
• * 1.5

  Matth. 15. 13.
• * 1.6

  Sent up to London.
• * 1.7

  Narrowly esca∣ped the Plague.
• * 1.8

  Sent back to Grimsby for refusing to go to Mass.
• * 1.9

  Sent to Cam∣bridge; first of Queen's College, then of Pembroke-Hall.
• * 1.10

  Chosen Fellow of Peter-House, May 1555.
• * 1.11

  Had a grie∣vous Sickness.
• * 1.12

  Dr. Pearne's special Care of him.
• * 1.13

  Recovering his Health, deter∣mined to Tra∣vel.
• * 1.14

  Disswaded by Dr. Pearne.
• * 1.15

  Commenced Batchelor of Arts, 1553. Master of Arts, 1556. Batchelor of Divinity, 1562. Doctor of Di∣vinity, 1569.
• * 1.16

  His Act-Ser∣mon at St. Ma∣ry's, 1560. on Rom. 1. 16.
• * 1.17

  Made Master of Pembroke-Hall, Chaplain to the Bishop of Ely, Preben∣dary of Ely, Pars••n of Te∣versam.
• * 1.18

  Divinity Rea∣der.
• * 1.19

  Queen's Pro∣fessor.
• * 1.20

  Read upon the Apocalyps and the He∣brews.
• * 1.21

  1567.
• * 1.22

  Sent for to preach before the Queen.
• * 1.23

  Was made Master of Tri∣nity College, July 4. 1567. and the Queen's Chap∣lain.
• * 1.24

  Found Divi∣sions in the College;
• * 1.25

  Wisely appeased them.
• * 1.26

  Cartwright's first discontent.
• * 1.27

  His Self-con∣ceit.
• * 1.28

  Cartwright went to Ge∣neva; affected the Discipline of that Church.
• * 1.29

  His opposition to the Esta∣blished Church-Government in England.
• * 1.30

  Preacheth against the Surpless.
• * 1.31

  Whitgift preacheth against Cart∣wright's Opi∣nions.
• * 1.32

  Cartwright and his Fol∣lowers oppose Whitgist.
• * 1.33

  Whitgift's gentleness.
• * 1.34

  Hooker's Ec∣cles. Policy, lib. 5.
• * 1.35

  The State of the University disturb'd by Cartwright.
• * 1.36

  Whitgift ad∣viseth him to be quiet.
• * 1.37

  Calls him in question.
• * 1.38

  Expells him the House, and deprives him of the Lady Marga∣ret's Lecture.
• * 1.39

  Offers him a Conference; which Cart∣wright refu∣seth.
• * 1.40

  This Recorded in the Register of the Univer∣sity.
• * 1.41

  The Discipli∣narians publish An Admoni∣tion to the Parliament.
• * 1.42

  Whitgift an∣swers it, 1572.
• * 1.43

  Cartwright replies. Whitgift de∣fends his An∣swer.
• * 1.44

  Cartwright's Second Reply.
• * 1.45

  Mr. Whita∣ker's Letters concerning Mr. Cart∣wright's Re∣ply, and his censure of him.
• * 1.46

  Whitgift made Dean of Lincoln.
• * 1.47

  Norwich, Redman. Worcester, Babbington. St. David's, Rud. Glocester, Golsborough. Hereford, Benet.
• * 1.48

  Several Noble∣men, &c. his Pupils.
• * 1.49

  Their respects towards him.
• * 1.50

  He holds the Scholars strict∣ly to their Ex∣ercises and De∣votion.
• * 1.51

  Procures amendment of the University Statutes.
• * 1.52

  Diog. Laert. de vita Phi∣losoph.
• * 1.53

  His Wisdom and Courage.
• * 1.54

  His Modera∣tion. Mr. Hooker's Character of him in his Eccles. Po∣licy.
• * 1.55

  Whitgift's esteem with the Queen. Consecrated Bishop of Worcester April 21. 1577.
• * 1.56

  Takes leave of the University, with an Ex∣hortation to Peace and U∣nity.
• * 1.57

  His Farewel-Text. 2 Cor. 13. 11.
• * 1.58

  Sets out for Worcester, June 1697. attended with the Heads of Houses, &c.
• * 1.59

  The Queen for∣gives his First∣fruits, and gives him the disposal of all the Prebends of that Church.
• * 1.60

  He finds the Bishoprick im∣paired by Grants of long Leases.
• * 1.61

  Particularly the Rent-Corn of Two of the best Mannors, Hollow and Grimly.
• * 1.62

  He questions the said Lease.
• * 1.63

  Has great Friends at Court.
• * 1.64

  Satisfies the Queen.
• * 1.65

  Recovers the said Rent. Corn, paying 300 l out of his own purse.
• * 1.66

  He has great respect from the Gentlemen and People in the Country.
• * 1.67

  Is a great Peace-maker among them.
• * 1.68

  Makes up a Remarkable Quarrel be∣twixt Sir John Russell and Sir Henry Barkeley.
• * 1.69

  Diog. Laert. de vita Phi∣losoph. lib. 1.
• * 1.70

  Is made Vice-President of the Marches of Wales.
• * 1.71

  He had great experience in Government, yet backward to bear sway.
• * 1.72

  Has a special Watch over his own Family and Atten∣dants, to avoid all colour of corruption.
• * 1.73

  Is highly esteemed by the People of Wales.
• * 1.74

  His great In∣tegrity, Ju∣stice, and mild Government.
• * 1.75

  He is made Commissioner by the Queen for reforming the Disorders in the Cathe∣drals of Lich∣field and He∣reford.
• * 1.76

  The Queen de∣signs him for Archbishop of Canterbury, in the room of Grindall then in disgrace.
• * 1.77

  He utterly re∣fuseth it du∣ring Grin∣dall's Life; the Queen is contented.
• * 1.78

  Grindall dies.
• * 1.79

  Whitgift sent for to Court.
• * 1.80

  Is translated to the Archbi∣shoprick of Canterbury, Septemb. 24. 1583.
• * 1.81

  Finds the Bi∣shoprick over∣valued: gets an abatement in the First∣fruits for him and his Suc∣cessors.
• * 1.82

  Recovers Lands that had been de∣tained.
• * 1.83

  Amends Cu∣rats Wages, where small.
• * 1.84

  The Queen jea∣lous of the Pu∣ritans, charges the Archbishop to see strict Conformity ob∣served to the Established Church and Government.
• * 1.85

  Diog Laert. de vita Phi∣losoph. lib. 90.
• * 1.86

  His care of the Queen's Com∣mand.
• * 1.87

  Decem. 1584. For satisfa∣ction of some great Persons, he with two other Bishops receive the Reasons of some Ministers for their Non∣conformity. They sufficient∣ly answer the same.
• * 1.88

  A Conference at Lambeth, and a further debate of the Controversy, to the seeming satisfaction of those Great Personages.
• * 1.89

  The Archbishop perplexed with Oppositions, is grieved.
• * 1.90

  Writes his mind.
• * 1.91

  After which he is in strict league with Sir Christo∣pher Hatton by means of Dr. Bancroft.
• * 1.92

  Lord Treasurer Burley his firm Friend.
• * 1.93

  The Archbishop sworn of the Privy Council.
• * 1.94

  Lord Buck∣hurst his faithful Friend.
• * 1.95

  He has free access to the Queen.
• * 1.96

  His Oppositions abated.
• * 1.97

  Sir Thomas Bromeley. Lord Chancel∣lor, died, April 12. 1587.
• * 1.98

  The Queen dis∣posed to make the Archbishop Lord Chancel∣lor.
• * 1.99

  He excuses himself, and recommends Sir Christo∣pher Hatton.
• * 1.100

  Sir Christo∣pher Hatton made Lord Chancellor, Ap. 29. 1587.
• * 1.101

  The Earl of Leicester died Sept. 4. 1588.
• * 1.102

  Oxford desire the Archbishop for their Chancellor in the Earl's room.
• * 1.103

  He recommends Sir Christo∣pher Hatton, who is chosen: He is the Arch∣bishop's con∣stant Assistant in bridling the Puritan Fa∣ction.
• * 1.104

  Martin Mar∣prelate, and other Libels published, 1588.
• * 1.105

  A Private Puritan Press erected at Kingston and afterwards re∣moved to se∣veral Places.
• * 1.106

  The Press dis∣covered at Manchester.
• * 1.107

  The Printers apprehended, prosecuted and fined in the Star-chamber. On their sub∣mission, and the Archbi∣shop's Media∣tion, were re∣leased, and Fines remitted. Penry and Udall Authors of the Libels.
• * 1.108

  Newman a Cobler, Di∣sperser.
• * 1.109

  John Penry condemned, 1593. Udall pardon∣ed.
• * 1.110

  Thomas Cartwright (with others) proceeded with in the Star∣chamber for their Conven∣ticles, 1591. and for pub∣lishing their Book of New Discipline.
• * 1.111

  Dr. Bancroft writes two Books against the Disciplina∣rians, and their dange∣rous Practices and Positions.
• * 1.112

  The Archbishop and State's vi∣gilant watch upon them.
• * 1.113

  Coppinger and Arthing∣ton their preaching in a Cart in Cheapside, Julii 16. 1591. That Hacket represented Christ, and Themselves Prophets from God.
• * 1.114

  Conspiracy for pretended Re∣formation, wrote by Dr. Cosin.
• * 1.115

  Promoters
• * 1.116

  1587. Barrow and Greenwood their Schisma∣tical and Sedi∣tious Positions.
• * 1.117

  The Ring∣leaders on be∣ing convened, make shew of Conformity, but afterwards go back.
• * 1.118

  Were re-com∣mitted July, 1588. and proceeded a∣gainst March, 1592.
• * 1.119

  An Act of Ab∣juration and Banishment made against Schismaticks.
• * 1.120

  Only four Per∣sons prosecuted of a very great Number.
• * 1.121

  Great Troubles in Germany; just cause of sears here from like Prin∣ciples and Pre∣tences of Re∣formation.
• * 1.122

  The Discipline decreed in their Assemblies to be put in Pra∣ctice.
• * 1.123

  The Queen's Authority Ec∣clesiastical to be restrain'd.
• * 1.124

  Cartwright's seditious Do∣ctrines.
• * 1.125

  Cartwright's charitable Prayer for the Bishops, in his Sermons at Banbury, 1589. Penry's Sup∣plication to the Parlia∣ment; threat∣ning them with Plagues.
• * 1.126

  Udall's Threats a∣gainst the Re∣sisters of the Presbytery.
• * 1.127

  These Stirs set on foot at the time of the Spanish Inva∣sion. 1588.
• * 1.128

  The Archbi∣shop's prepara∣tion for De∣fence of his Prince and Country. The whole Clergy of his Provinçe Armed.
• * 1.129

  Cartwright the Head of the Puritan Party.
• * 1.130

  Hacket, Cop∣pinger, and Arthington resort to him.
• * 1.131

  Penry and Udall his Con∣sorts.
• * 1.132

  Conspiracy for pretended Reformation.
• * 1.133

  Dangerous Positions.
• * 1.134

  Cartwright's words in the Articles in the Star-Chamber.
• * 1.135

  The Discipli∣narians Decree about Books to be printed.
• * 1.136

  Barrow and Greenwood infected by Cartwright.
• * 1.137

  Bishop Ravis's Conference with Barrow and Green∣wood, 1592.
• * 1.138

  Bishop An∣drows and Bishop Parrey, with others, their Confe∣rence with Barrow and Greenwood.
• * 1.139

  Barrow's Vain-glorious Answer.
• * 1.140

  The danger of Innovation.
• * 1.141

  Cartwright withdraws privately.
• * 1.142

  Brown the Author of a New Sect of that Name.
• * 1.143

  His Positions little differing from Barrow and Green∣wood.
• * 1.144

  The Archbishop suppresseth ma∣ny Schisms, and also Con∣troversies in the Universi∣ties.
• * 1.145

  He procures Cartwright's Pardon of the Queen.
• * 1.146

  Cartwright's Letters, March 24. 1601. ac∣knowledging the Archbi∣shop's favour.
• * 1.147

  The Archbishop tolerates Cart∣wright to perach pub∣lickly without Conformity.
• * 1.148

  The Queen re∣quires his Sub∣scription.
• * 1.149

  Cartwright dies Rich.
• * 1.150

  The Earl of Essex favours the Puritans as far as he durst.
• * 1.151

  Upon timely execution of the Laws, the state of the Church at quiet.
• * 1.152

  Sir Christo∣pher Hatton died Nov. 20. 1591. Lord Buck∣hurst chosen Chancellor of Oxford on the Queen's Let∣ters.
• * 1.153

  Earl of Essex offended at it, is pacified by the Archbishop.
• * 1.154

  The Queen ju∣stifies the Archbishop to Essex.
• * 1.155

  She makes them firm Friends.
• * 1.156

  Sir Francis Walsingham died Apr. 6. 1590. The Archbi∣shop's firmness to Essex in his Troubles.
• * 1.157

  The Archbishop fears on the Lord Chancel∣lor's death.
• * 1.158

  New Pamph∣lets dispersed by the Puri∣tans.
• * 1.159

  Attempts in Parliament on their behalf.
• * 1.160

  The Queen comforts the Archbishop with fresh As∣surances of her Countenance and Favour to the Church.
• * 1.161

  Sir John Puckering Lord Keeper, June 4. 1592.
• * 1.162

  Upon Hat∣ton's death the Queen of∣fered the Archbishop his Place: But he declined it, because of his Age and Ec∣clesiastical Bu∣siness Sir Thomas Egerton made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, May 6. 1596.
• * 1.163

  He is a con∣stant Friend to the Church before and af∣ter his Ad∣vancement.
• * 1.164

  The Archbishop cherished and strengthened by union of many Friends.
• * 1.165

  The Queen throws the whole care of the Church upon him.
• * 1.166

  He disposeth of Bishopricks and all other Ecclesiastical Promotions.
• * 1.167

  His great Hu∣mility and Le∣nity.
• * 1.168

  Opus de tem∣poribus mun∣di in vita, Antonini Pii.
• * 1.169

  The Earl of Salisbury's Observation on him.
• * 1.170

  Sir Chri∣stopher Hat∣ton.
• * 1.171

  Many favour∣ed and eased by the Arch∣bishop's inter∣cession.
• * 1.172

  The wisdom of the Queen in her moderate Government.
• * 1.173

  The Archbishop follows her Ex∣ample. Plutarch, in vit.
• * 1.174

  Ennius To∣rent. Annal. lib. 1.
• * 1.175

  Aristot. Polit. lib. 1.
• * 1.176

  The Archbishop a great lover and encoura∣ger of Learned and Virtuous Clergy.
• * 1.177

  Was bountiful to Foreigners of Learning and Quality.
• * 1.178

  Theod. Beza his Letters to the Archbishop, March 8. 1591. Approving the Policy of the English Church.
• * 1.179

  Beza his high commendation of the Church of England.
• * 1.180

  His great re∣spect to the Archbishop.
• * 1.181

  The Archbi∣shop's kindness and charity to Foreign Di∣vines of the Reformation.
• * 1.182

  His backward∣ness to censure other mens Gifts and Per∣formances.
• * 1.183

  Plutarch, in vita Phocio∣nis.
• * 1.184

  The Archbishop a constant Preacher when publick Affairs would admit.
• * 1.185

  Had an excel∣lent Tallent in Preaching. Learned, elo∣quent and ju∣dicious. His Gesture grave and de∣cent, without affectation.
• * 1.186

  Of great In∣tegrity and unspotted Life.
• * 1.187

  He wrote the Notes of his Sermons.
• * 1.188

  Disapproved trusting only to Memory.
• * 1.189

  Plutarch. in vit. Demosth.
• * 1.190

  When at Worcester, he treated the Recusants mildly, and won many of them over.
• * 1.191

  When he came to be Archbi∣shop, he dealt with the Learnedst of them by Au∣thority Ecclesi∣astical.
• * 1.192

  He kept a straight hand over the Semi∣nary Priests and subtle Pa∣pists.
• * 1.193

  He is unjustly traduced by the Sectaries.
• * 1.194

  He hated In∣gratitude.
• * 1.195

  Is firm in his Friendships.
• * 1.196

  Censured for his affection to the Earl of Essex.
• * 1.197

  The Queen dis∣pleased at his inter cession for the Earl, which much grieves him.
• * 1.198

  Tacit. An∣nal. lib 4
• * 1.199

  Earl of Essex apprehended, Feb. 8. 1600.
• * 1.200

  The Archbishop arms his Ser∣vants for the Queen's de∣fence.
• * 1.201

  Well taken at Court.
• * 1.202

  Earl of Essex brought to Lambeth∣house, then sent to the Tower.
• * 1.203

  The Archbishop in the Queen's good opinion and favour to her dying-day.
• * 1.204

  Queen Eliza∣beth died March 24. 1602. The Archbishop, Dr. Bancroft, Dr. Watson, Dr. Parry, attend the Queen in her Sickness.
• * 1.205

  The Faction take heart on the Queen's death.
• * 1.206

  King James proclaimed King of Eng∣land, March 24. 1602.
• * 1.207

  Sir Robert Leighe, Lord Mayor. The People are pleased at the Archbishop's presence in proclaiming the King.
• * 1.208

  Archbishop a lover and in∣courager of Liberal Arts.
• * 1.209

  His Liberality great.
• * 1.210

  He kept many poor Scholars in his House,
• * 1.211

  And main∣tained divers in the Uni∣versities.
• * 1.212

  Is an incoura∣ger of Military Exercises.
• * 1.213

  His House a little Academy.
• * 1.214

  Dr. Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury. Dr. Ravis, Bishop of Lon∣don. Dr. Barlow, Bishop of Lincoln. Dr. Goldisbury, Bishop of Glou∣cester. Dr. Parry, Bishop of Worcester. Dr. Redman, Bishop of Nor∣wich. Dr. Buckeridge, Bishop of Rochester.
• * 1.215

  His Chaplains promoted.
• * 1.216

  The Archbi∣shop's care and wisdom in de∣termining Causes.
• * 1.217

  His Resolution in Judgment.
• * 1.218

  An Instance.
• * 1.219

  He upholds the Dignity of the High Commis∣sion-Court.
• * 1.220

  Plutarch. in vita.
• * 1.221

  His dispatch of Causes to great satisfaction.
• * 1.222

  Sueton. in vita.
• * 1.223

  His great Hos∣pitality.
• * 1.224

  His State.
• * 1.225

  His entertain∣ment of the Queen.
• * 1.226

  He was always honourably re∣ceived by the Gentlemen of the Country.
• * 1.227

  His first jour∣ney into Kent, July. 1589. with pomp and solemnity.
• * 1.228

  A Romish In∣telligencer ac∣cidentally lands, he ad∣mires the Ap∣pearance, and owns a mista∣ken prejudice concerning the meanness of our Church.
• * 1.229

  Sir Edward Hobby.
• * 1.230

  The Intelli∣gencer had private speech with Secretary Walsingham.
• * 1.231

  Plutarch. ••n vit.
• * 1.232

  The Archbi∣shop's good na∣ture.
• * 1.233

  James 5. 17.
• * 1.234

  Serm. lib. 1. sat. 3.
• * 1.235

  Exod. 18.
• * 1.236

  1 Tim. 3.
• * 1.237

  His good Works in Lincoln, Worcester, Wales, Kent, Surry.
• * 1.238

  Cambden Britan. in Comit. Lin∣coln.
• * 1.239

  Boys Sisi, the French Em∣bassador, his opinion and speech of Arch∣bishop Whit∣gift.
• * 1.240

  His love to Croydon for retirement.
• * 1.241

  Chearful and affable in his Family.
• * 1.242

  Liberal to his Servants.
• * 1.243

  Bountiful to the industrious Poor, and to the Disabled and Necessi∣tous.
• * 1.244

  After the manner of Ro∣bert Grost∣head Bishop of Lincoln his usage of his Kinsman.
• * 1.245

  Doctor Nevill, Dean of Can∣terbury, sent by the Archbi∣shop and Cler∣gy into Scot∣land to King James.
• * 1.246

  The King's Answer that he would up∣hold the Church, com∣forts the Archbishop.
• * 1.247

  Queen Eliza∣beth's Funeral, April. 28. 1603. very sumptuously performed.
• * 1.248

  The Archbishop the chief Mourner.
• * 1.249

  King James gives him per∣sonal assurance of preserving the setled State of the Church.
• * 1.250

  King James's Coronation, July 25. 1603. by the hands of the Archbishop.
• * 1.251

  Queen Ann also crown'd at the same time.
• * 1.252

  The Conference at Hampton-Court, Jan. 14. 1603. betwixt the Bishops and the Puritans in the King's presence. The King sa∣tisfied with the Bishops reasonings, And orders the reprinting the Liturgy.
• * 1.253

  A Parliament comes on.
• * 1.254

  The Bishops have a meet∣ing at Ful∣ham.
• * 1.255

  The Archbishop 73 years old, is seized with a cold on the Water.
• * 1.256

  Goes to the Court, has speech with the King about Affairs of the Church.
• * 1.257

  Is taken with the dead Pal∣sey.
• * 1.258

  Is conveyed to Lambeth.
• * 1.259

  The King vi∣sits him.
• * 1.260

  He earnestly recommends the Church to his Royal Care.
• * 1.261

  He departs this Life, Feb. ult. 1603.
• * 1.262

  Gen. 25. 8.
• * 1.263

  He was Bishop of Worcester six Years and five Months. And Archbi∣shop of Can∣terbury twen∣ty years and five Months. Camden. Bri∣tannia, in Com. Kent. pag. 338. He was libell'd after his death by Lewis Pickering.
• * 1.264

  Was honoura∣bly interr'd at Croydon, March 27. 1604.
• * 1.265

  His Funeral Sermon by Bi∣shop Babing∣ton.
• * 1.266

  The Text. 2 Chron. 24. 15, 16.
• * 1.267

  Description of his Person.