The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latin and compared with the French. by Tho: Johnson. Whereunto are added three tractates our of Adrianus Spigelius of the veines, arteries, & nerves, with large figures. Also a table of the bookes and chapters.

CHAP. XXVI. Of Ointments.

OIntments are of a more solid consistence then Liniments, and are therefore of more force. Their differences are partly taken from their effects; for some heat, others cool, some dry,* 1.1 and some humect, some cleanse, some corroborate, some waste dead flesh, and o∣thers cicatrize, partly from the variety of colors, partly from the first inventors, as Album Rhasis, D••siccativum rubrum: partly from the number of the simple medicaments whereof they be made, as, Tetrapharmacum, Tripharmacum, or Nutritum: partly from that medicament which is prin∣cipal in the composition; hence are they called, Vnguentum de Lithargyro, de Minio, Diapomph••∣ligos, and such like. They are compounded of herbs, roots, seeds, fruits, metals, and part of Beasts; the juices and other liquid things being consumed away by boiling, as we have said in the Chapter of compound Oils. Herbs, and the parts of them, if they be dry, must be powdred, and also metals; but being green, they are boiled and strained forth, and the juice so pressed is wast∣ed by boiling. Gums and Rosins some are powdred, others being put to some convenient li∣quor are dissolved by fire: So wax is dissolved in the Oil. In the composition of unguents this proportion is usually observed, that for one ounce o•• powder, two ounces of Wax, and eight of oil is added: notwithstanding for that Wax serveth only to the consistence of the Ointment, it is better to leave the quantity to the will of the Apothecary; but he may be more sparing in adding Wax to the ointments in Summer then in winter; for the heat of Summer, drying them, addeth to the consistence: by examples propounded, these common precepts will more plainly appear.

℞. Olei ros. ℥iv. pil. lepor. bol. armen. terrae sigil. an. ʒi. bal. Gallar. an. ʒ ss. tritis terendis, & simul mixtis,* 1.2 addit â cerâ quod sufficit, fiat unguentum Here we must observe, that there be three waies of making ointments: The first is o•• those which are made only by stirring or grinding in the Mortar without any fire, and so is made Ʋnguentum nutritum. The second is, when we dissolve Wax in Oil, Fat, or some such substance with fire: and being all dissolved, we mingle the pow∣ders according to the proportion we noted before. After which manner are made Ʋnguentum Aureum, Basilicon, Diapompholigos, Desiccativum rubrum, Enulatum. The third sort is, when we bruise herbs with a Pestel, and mingle them with Axungie, boiling them together, and then straining them, and the ointment is that which is strained. Therefore let us proceed to explain this by examples.

* 1.3℞. Lythar. auri triti & loti lb ss. olei ros. lb. i. aceti. ros. ℥iv. fiat Ʋnguentum. First, we put the Lytharge into the Mortar, powring in a little Oil, and working it with a Pestil, that it may grow thick, then with the Oil we put a little Vinegar, continually working, until they mingle into one body, now and then between whiles adding sometimes a little Oil, sometimes a little Vinegar, untill the whole be brought to the consistence of an ointment. If of an ointment of this kind thou wouldest make a black plaister, by degrees consume all the Vinegar, so shall the plaster shine and grow black.

* 1.4℞. Cerae citr. ℥vi. olei boni lb. ii. tereb. ℥ii. resin. & coloph. an. ℥i ss. olib. mastich. an. ℥i. croci, ʒi. fiat Ʋnguentum. First, dissolve the Wax with a good part of Oil, then add the Rosin and Colo∣phonie broken small. These being dissolved, take the composition from the fire, and then add the Turpentine, when the whole is somewhat cooled; add the Olibanum and Mastick being finely powdred, then the Saffron, which shall be macerated in the rest of the Oil.

* 1.5Tetrapharmacon is so called, because it is made of four simple medicines, Wax, Rosin, Pitch, Tallow, of each a like quantity, and so equally mixed.

℞. Resin. picis nigr. adip. vituli, & cerae an ℥ii. ss. Olei veteris olivarum maturarum, lb. i. ss. or if you would have it harder, ss. i. that ointment is also called Basilicon, the Wax being cut small and dissolved in Oil, then add the rest of the things, which being dissolved, thou shalt have the desired ointment.

℞. Olei ros. ℥ix. cer. alb. ℥iii. succi solani hortensis, ℥iv. Cerus. l••t. ℥i. P••mpholygos, plumbi usti & loti, clib. puri, an. ℥ ss. fiat unguentum. Dissolve the Wax in the Oil with a gentle fire,* 1.6 then you shall take it from the fire, and add to the rest of the ingredients, working them together in a stone Mor∣tar, powring on the juice by degrees, at least so much of it as will incorporate.

℞. Lap. calam. ter. sig. an. ℥ii. Litharg. auri cerus. an. ℥i ss. Camphor. ʒss cerae, ℥iiss. Olei rosat. viol.* 1.7 an. ℥iii. fiat Ʋnguentum. Dissolve the Wax in the Oyl, then set it to cool, and work in the pow∣ders with a spatter, and at last add the Camphir dissolved in a little Oil of Roses, or Rosewater.

℞. Rad. enul. campan. coct cum. aceto & contus. ut decet lb ss. Axung p••rci, olei commu. an. ℥ i ss. argen.* 1.8 vivi exstincti, et tereb. lot. an. ʒi. sal. commu. pulverisati, ʒii. incorporate them according to art. The boiled roots must be drawn through a Sieve, which being boiled by a gentle fire with the Axun∣gia, must be continually stirred, then put to the Salt with Oil and Wax: when you set it from the fire to cool, then add the Quicksilver, being killed with a little Axungia and Turpentine.

℞. Olei rosat. ℥ix. cerus. alb ℥iii cer. alb. ℥i••. make it thus: ••ut the Ceruss be finely powdred,* 1.9 and put into the Oil and Wax whilst it is hot, and so work the whole together, untill they shall be brought into a body.

℞. Rad. Alth. lb. i. semi. lini, foenugr. an. lb. ss. Scyllae ℥iii. Olei com. lb. ii. cer. lb. ss. terebinth. gum.* 1.10 heder. galb. an. ℥ i. coloph. et resin. ℥ iii. The roots and seeds being bruised, are infused for three daies in five pints of water; boil them until three ounces be consumed, and then draw forth the Mu∣cilage, and boil it with the Oil, then add Wax cut small: these being taken from the fire, the Gal∣banum being dissolved with Vineger, and mingled with the Turpentine, must be added together with the Gum Hederae, Colophony, and Rosin,

℞. Ocul. populi arb. lb.i, ss. fol. papaveris nigr. Mandrag. hyoscyami▪ lactucae, sempervivi parvi et magni,* 1.11 violae nigrae, solani, umbilici Veneris, seu cymbalar, bardanae, an. ℥ ss. (Cordus, Fernelius, et Nicolaus sin∣gulorum ℥iii. praescribunt) Adipis suilli recentis salis expertis, lb. ii. vini boni, lb, i. fiat Ʋnguentum. The Popular buds and Violet leaves must be bruised and macerated in the Axungia for the space of two months, that is until the rest of the herbs be ready; for they cannot be gathered before the Summer time, but the poplar buds and Violets may be had in March. They must be bruised and mingled very well, and set in a warm place for eight daies; then add one pint of strong Vine∣gar, and boil them till it be consumed, which may be perceived by casting a little of it into the fire, then strain it forth, and put up the ointment.

℞. Tereb. cer. alb. res. an. ʒxiv. Opopanacis,* 1.12 floris seu viridis aeris (nam hic flos aeris non propriè accipi∣tur pro granulis quae scintillarum instar ab aere exiliunt dum a fabris ferrariis aqua tingitur: sed pro vi∣ridi aeris usurpatur, cujus contra maligna ulcera notae sunt vires, contra quae omnino id Ʋnguentum est comparatum) an. ʒii. ammon. ℥xiv. aristol. lon. thuris masculian. ʒ vi. myrrhae et galbani an ʒiii. bdel∣lii, ʒ vi. Lytharg. ʒ ix. olei lb ii. fiat unguentum. The Litharge is to be mingled with two ounces of Oil for the space of five hours, and with a gentle fi••e to be boiled untill it come to the consist∣ence of hony, and be alwaies stirring, lest it burn: being taken from the fire and warm, the Wax and the Rosin, being dissolved, with the rest of the oil, must be added. Then put to it, when it is cooling, the Gums dissolved in Vinegar, boiled and incorporated with the Turpentine. Then the Aristilochia, Myrrh, and Frankincense are to be mingled, and last of all the Verdigrease, being in fine powder, and sprinckled in: and so the unguent is made.

℞. Cortic. median. castan. cortic. median. quere cortic. median. gland. myrtil. eques. cortic. fabar.* 1.13 acinor u∣var. sorbor. siccor. immatur. mespillor. immaturor. ••ad. chelidon. folior. prunor. sylvest. an ℥ i ss. Aquae planta∣ginis, lb viii. cer. nov. ℥viii ss. olei myrtillor. lb ii ss. Then these things which follow, being finely pow∣dred, are to be sprinkled in.

℞. Pulveris corticis mediani castan. corticis mediani gland. cortic. median. arb. gland. id est, querc. gallar. an. ℥i. Cin••ris oss. cruris bovis. myrtill. acinor. uvar. sorbor. siccor. an. ℥. ss. Trochiscorum de carabe, ℥ii. fiat Ʋnguentum. First, make a decoct••on corticis mediani arboris quercús, acini uvar. rad. che∣lid. mespil. forbor. equis. seminis myrtil. folior. pruni sylvestris, cort. fabar. cortic. mediani gland. cortic castan. & gallar. in the Plantain water for the space of two hours, then strain it, and divide the liquor in∣to nine parts, washing the Wax, dissolved with the oil of Myrtils seven times; the liquor be∣ing all spent, and the Wax and oil being melted, then insperge the powders, Cruris bovis, assium, cortic. median. quire. median. cortic gland. castan gallar. ••orb••r. mespil. sem••num myrtil. acinor. uvar. and at the last the Trochisces carab. after this manner shall you make this Ointment.

℞. Olei absinth, mastich. de spic rosat. an. ℥ ss. pulver. absinth. ros. major. menth. an. ʒi.* 1.14 Caryoph. cinam. mastich. galang. an. ʒi. Powder those things which are to be powdred, and with a sufficient quan∣tity of Wax make a soft ointment, wherewith let the stomach be annointed one hour before meals continually.

℞. Cer. alb. lb ii. cerus. litharg. auri an. lb. i. myrrh. medul. cervi, an. ℥ii. thuris, ℥i. olei, lb. ss.* 1.15 Boil the Litharge in the oil to a mean consistence, then add to the wax and Ceruss, and when it will not stick to the fingers, take it from the fire, and put in the Medulla; when it beginneth to cool, the Myrrha and Thus, being finely powdred, must be cast in by little and little, and the ointment may be put up for use. The chops of the fundament, and em••llient Pessaries are like∣wise made of it, and it is very good against the bitings of mad Dogs, and the punctures of nerves and tendons, keeping wounds so th••t they do not agglutinate.

℞. Picis pinguis, lb. i. Opopanacis in aceto forti, oleo liliorum, & veteri porci axungia cocti,* 1.16 ℥iii. fiat Ʋnguentum. Oleum ex sinapi is good against those bitings of mad beasts and punctized nerves; for it doth open wounds when they are cicatrized. Ointments are used to overcome the contumacy of

a stubborn evill by their firm and close sticking to, especially if there shall need no medicine to go further into the body.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Ointments and their dif∣ferences.
• * 1.2

  Unguentum adst•• ingens.
• * 1.3

  u••gu n••um nu∣••••••m.
• * 1.4

  Unguen••um au∣••••••m.
• * 1.5

  Ung. Tetraphar∣macum, seu Ba∣silicum.
• * 1.6

  Ung Diapom∣pholyges.
• * 1.7

  Ung deficcati∣vum ••ub••um.
• * 1.8

  Ung Enulatum.
• * 1.9

  Ung. Album Rh••sis.
• * 1.10

  De Althaea.
• * 1.11

  Ung. Populeum••
• * 1.12

  Ung. Apostolo∣rum.
• * 1.13

  Comitissa.
• * 1.14

  Ung pro stoma∣cho.
• * 1.15

  Ung. ad mors•••• rabiosos, ex li. 1. Gal. de comp. sec. genera.
• * 1.16

  3. De camp. med. sec. gen.