diseases, as the flesh that lieth under them is; besides also according to Galen, the beginning of in∣flammation oftimes proceeds f••om the bones; but they heat not; because, according to the opi∣nion of the ancients, pulsation is a dolorifick motion of the Arteries, but the bones want sense. Which verily I cannot deny, but also we must confess that the membrane that encompasseth them, and the arteries that enter into their bodie, are endued with most exquisite sense. Wherefore the arteries compressed and waxing hot by reason of the inflamed bone, cause a sense of pain in the periostium, so that the patients complain of a dull and deep pain, as it were sunk into the substance of the bones. The rottenness or corruption is oftimes manifest to the eie, as when the bone is laid bare, for then it varieth from the natural colour, and becomes livid, yellowish or black. Otherwise you may perceive it by touch, as by searching it with a probe, as when you meet with any inequa∣lity or toughness, or when but gently touching it, your probe runs into the substance of the bone as into rotten wood; for a bone is naturally hard, but being rotten, becomes soft. Yet hardness is not an infallible sign of a sound bone. For I have seen rotten and bared bones, to have sometimes grown so hard, by the appulse of the air, that a Trepan could not, without a strong endeavor, enter them. Also the rotteness of the bone is known by the condition of the filth which flows forth of the ulcer, for it is not only more thin and liquid, but also more stinking. Furthermore, such ul∣cers have a soft, loose and watery flesh; besides also, they are untoward and rebellious to sarcotick and epulotick medicines; to which if they chance to yield and be cicatrized, yet within a short while after, the scar will relent of its own accord, for that nature, destitute of the firm and sound foundation of the bones, cannot build up a laudable and constant flesh. Neither is it sufficient that the Surgeon know certainly that the bone is rotten and corrupt: it is furthermore fit he know, whether this corruption be superficiary, or pierce deep into the substance of the bone, that he may know how much of the bone must be scaled: For scaling is the only cure of that which is corrupt∣ed; now it is scaled by that which dries exceedingly, and draws forth all the humidity, aswell the excrementitious, the author of the rottenness, as the alimentary: For thus it remains without blood and nourishment, and consequently life also; whence it must of necessity scale or fall off, being de∣stitute of the glue or moisture which joined it to the sound parts in vicinity and communion of life, like as leavs which fall away from the trees, the humidity being exhausted, by which, as by glue, they adhered to the boughs. For this purpose Catagmatick p••wders are prepared to amend the corruption which is only superficiary. ℞. pul. aloes, cretae combustae, pempholyges, an. ʒii ireos flor. aristoloch. rot. myrrh. cerussae, an. ʒi. pul. osteor. combust. ʒ ss. terantur subtiliss. fiat pulvis; let it be ap∣plied either alone by it self, or else with hony and a little aqua vitae Also the following emplaster being applied, stirs up nature to the exclusion of the broken bones, and cleanseth the ulcers from the more gross and viscid sanies. ℞. cer. nov. res. pini, gum. ammon. & elemi, an. ʒvi. tereb. ℥iii. pul. ma∣stich. mirrh. an. ℥ ss. aristol. rot. ireos flor. aloes, opopan euphorb. an. ʒi. olei rosati quantum sufficit, fiat emplast. secundum artem. Euphorbium, according to Dioscorides takes off the scales of bones in one day. Here∣to also conduceth Emp. de botonicâ. Or, ℞. olei caryophil. ℥ ss. camph. ʒii. misceantur simul in mortario, & utere. But if that part of the bone which is corrupt cannot thus be taken away, then must you use the scaling Trepans and Scrapers described formerly in wounds of the head; especially if any more great or solid bone be soul. Furthermore the here-described Trepan will be good to perfo∣rate the rotten bone in many places where it is corrupted, untill, as it were, a certain bloody moi∣sture issue forth at the holes; for thus it more freely enjoies the air, and also the force of the medi∣cines admitted by these holes work more powerfully.