The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latin and compared with the French. by Tho: Johnson. Whereunto are added three tractates our of Adrianus Spigelius of the veines, arteries, & nerves, with large figures. Also a table of the bookes and chapters.

CHAP. I. Of the Bones of the Face.

* 1.1THe Bones of the Face are 16, or 17. in number. And first, there be reckoned six about the orbs of the Eyes, that is three to each orb, of which one is the bigger, another les∣ser, and the third between both; each of these touch the forehead-bone in their upper part. Besides, the greater is joyned with a Suture to the process of the stony-bone, and so makes the Zygoma,* 1.2 that is, the Os Jugale, or Yoke-bone, framed by Nature for preservation of the temporal muscle. The lesser is seated at the greater corner of the Eye, in which there is a hole perforated to the Nose, and in this is the glandule in which the Aegylops doth breed. The middle is in the bottom,* 1.3 or inner part of the orb, very slender, and as it were of a membra∣nous thinness:* 1.4 then follow the two bones of the Nose which are joyned to the fore-head-bone by a suture, but on the foreside between themselves by harmony. But on the back and hind-part with two other bones,* 1.5 on each side one, which descending from the bone of the fore-head (to which also they are joyned by a suture) receive all the teeth. These two in Galen's opinion are sel∣dom found separated. But these are the thickest of all the bones of the face hitherto mentioned, knit by a suture with the greatest bone of the Orb, on the back-part with the wedg-bone, on the inner side with the two little inner bones of the Palat, which on the inside make the extremity thereof, whereby it comes to pass, that we may call these bones the hinder, or inner, bones of the Palat. They reckon one of these bones the eleventh, and the other the twelfth-bone of the head; these two little bones on their sides next to the winged productions of the wedg-bone, re∣ceive on each-side one of the nerves of the fourth conjugation, which, in the former book, we said were spent upon the membrane of the Palat.

* 1.6And in Galen's opinion there be other two in the lower Jaw, joined at the middle of the chin; although some think it but one bone; because by the judgment of sense there appears no di∣vision or separation therein.* 1.7 But you may see in Children how true this their supposition is, for in men of perfect growth it appears but one bone; these two are reckoned for the thirteenth and fourteenth bones. Now these two bones making the lower Jaw, have in their back-part on each side two productions, as they lye to the upper Jaw, the one of which represents the point of a sword, and is called the Corone: the other is obtuse and round; which is inserted into the cavity seated at the root of the process of the stony-bone, neer to the passage of the Ear.

This may be strained to the fore-part by violent gaping, by retraction of the muscles arising

from the wing-like processes, and ending at the lower angles of the broader part of the same Jaw.* 1.8

This Jaw is hollow, as also the upper, especial in the back-part, being filled with a white and glutinous humor, conducing to the growth of the teeth. This humor hath its matter from the blood brought thither by the vessels, veins, arteries and nerves from the third Conjugation entring here by a passage large enough. Whereby it comes to pass, that this part is not only nou∣rished and lives, but also the teeth receive sense by the benefit of the nerves entring thither with the vein and artery: by small holes to be seen at the lower roots of the teeth;* 1.9 and thence it is that a beating pain may be perceived in the Tooth-ach, because the defluxions may be by the Arte∣ries; or rather because the humor flowing to the roots of the teeth, may press the artery in that place: beside also you may see same appearance of a nervous substance in the root of a tooth new∣ly pluckt out.

But also you must consider,* 1.10 that this Jaw from its inner capacity produces at the sides of the chin two nerves of a sufficient magnitude, over against the lower Dog-teeth, and the first of the smaller grinding teeth, as I have noted in the description of nerves of the third conjugation. I have thought good to put thee in mind of these, that when thou shalt have occasion to make incision in these places, thou maist warily and discreetly handle the matter, that these parts receive no harm.

There remains another bone seated above the Palat, from which the gristly partition of the Nose arises, being omitted of all the Anatomists, for as much as I know.* 1.11 Now therefore that you may the better remember the number of the bones of the Face, I will here make a repetition of them.

There are six of the Orbs of the Eyes, at each three. The seventh and eighth we may call the Nasal, or Nose-bones. The ninth and tenth the Jaw-bones. The eleventh and twelfth are called the inner bones of the Palat. The thirteenth and fowerteenth, the bones of the lower Jaw. The partition of the Nose may be reckoned the fifteenth.

Now it remains, having spoken of these bones, that we treat of the Teeth, the Eye-brows, the skin, the fleshy pannicle, the Muscles; and lastly, the other parts of the Face.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Bones in each orb of the Eye.
• * 1.2

  VVhat the Zy∣goma is, and what use it hath.
• * 1.3

  The Aegylops.
• * 1.4

  The two bones of the Nose.
• * 1.5

  The two inner bones of the Palat.
• * 1.6

  The two bones of the Jaw.
• * 1.7

  Two producti∣ons on each side of the low∣er Jaw.
• * 1.8

  The Lux••tion of the lower Jaw.

  The lower Jaw filled with a marrowy hu∣mor.
• * 1.9

  How the teeth feel.

  Why the teeth have a beating pain.
• * 1.10

  The nerves of the lower jaw must be obser∣ved.
• * 1.11

  The bone of the nose above the palate, or the partition of the nose.