The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latin and compared with the French. by Tho: Johnson. Whereunto are added three tractates our of Adrianus Spigelius of the veines, arteries, & nerves, with large figures. Also a table of the bookes and chapters.

CHAP. IX. Of the Muscles of the lower Jaw.

WE have said these Muscles are five in number, that is, four which shut it,* 1.1 and one which opens it, and these are alike on both sides. The first and greater of these four Muscles which shut the Jaw, is called Crotophita or Temporal muscle:* 1.2 it arises from the sides of the fore-head, and Bregma-bones, and adhering to the same and the stony-bone, it descends under the yoke-bone, from whence it inserts it self to the process of the lower Jaw, which the Greeks call Corone, that it may draw it directly to the upper, so to shut the Mouth.

But you must note, that this Muscle is tendinous even to his Belly,* 1.3 and that it fils and makes both the Temples. It is more subject to deadly wounds than the rest, by reason of the multitude of nerves dispersed over the substance thereof, which, because they are neer their original, that is, the Brain, they infer danger of sodain death by a Convulsion, which usually follows the affects of this Muscle, but also in like manner it causes a Feaver, the Phrensie and Coma.

[illustration]

The Figure of the chief Muscles of the Face.

• A, The Muscle of the Fore-head and the right fibers thereof.
• B, the Temporal Muscle.
• α, β, γ, his semicircular original.
• D, the Muscle of the upper lip.
• G, the Yoke-bone under which the Temporal Muscles pass.
• I, the Masseter, or Grinding-Muscle.
• K, the upper Gristle of the Nose.
• M, a Muscle forming the Cheeks.
• N, the Muscle of the lower-lip.
• O, a part of the fifth Muscle of the lower Jaw called Digastricus, that is, double-bellyed.
• Q, R, the first Muscle of the Bone Hyoides growing unto the rough Artery.
• S, the second Muscle of the Bone Hyoides under the Chin.
• T, the third Muscle of the Bone Hyoides stretched to the Jaw.
• T, K, the seventh Mus∣cle of the Head, and his insertion at T.
• V, V, the two venters of the fourth Muscle of the Bone Hyoides.
• φ, the place where the Vessels pass which go to the head, and the Nerves which are sent to the Arm.

Therefore that it should be less subject, or obvious to external injuries, Nature hath, as it were, made it a retiring place in the Bone, and fortified it with a wall of Bone raised somewhat higher about it.* 1.4 The other Muscle almost equal to the former in bigness, being called the Masseter, or Grinding-Muscle makes the Cheek; it descends from the lowest part of the greatest Bone of the Orb (which bends it self, as it were, back, that it may make part of the Yoak-bone) and inserts it self into the lower Jaw, from the corner thereof to the end of the root of the process Corone, that so it may draw this Jaw forward and backward, and move it like a Hand-mill.

Wherefore Nature hath composed it of two sorts of fibers, of the which some from the Neck (the Cheek in that place under the Eyes standing somewhat out like an Apple arising from the concourse of the greater Bones of the Orb and upper Jaw) descend obliquely to the corner and hinder-part of the lower Jaw, that it may move it forwards. Othersome arise from the lower-part of the same yoke-bone, and descending obliquely intersect the former fibers after the simili∣tude of the letter X, and insert themselves into the same lower Jaw at the roots of the process Corone, that so they may draw it back: Truly by reason of these contrary motions, it is likely, this Muscle was called, The Masseter, or Grinder.

* 1.5The third, which is the round Muscle, arises from all the Gums of the upper Jaw, and is in∣serted into all the Gums of the lower, investing the sides of all the Mouth with the Coat, with which it is covered on the inside, being otherwise covered on the out-side with more fat than any other Muscle. The action thereof is, not only to draw the lower Jaw to the upper, but also as with a shovel to bring the meat dispersed over all the mouth under the Teeth, no otherwise than the Tongue draws it in.

* 1.6The fourth being shorter and less than the rest arising from all the hollowness of the winged process of the Wedge-bone, is inserted within into the broadest part of the lower Jaw, that so in like manner it may draw the same to the upper. This is the Muscle through whose occasion, we said, this lower Jaw is sometimes dislocated.

[illustration]

The Figure of the Muscles of the lower Jaw.

• A, A hole in the Fore-head Bone in the brim of the seat of the Eye, sending a small Nerve of the third pair to the Muscles of the Fore-head and the upper Eye-brow.
• B. The Temporal Muscle.

* 1.7The fifth and last Muscle of the lower Jaw from the process Styloides of the Stony-bone, as∣cends to the fore-part of the Chin, neer to the connexion of the two bones of this Jaw, to draw this Jaw downwards from the upper in opening the mouth. This Muscle is slender and tendinous in the midst,* 1.8 that so it might be stronger, but it is fleshy at the ends. All these Muscles were made by the singular Providence of Nature, and engraffed into this part for the performance of many uses and actions, as biting asunder, chawing, grinding and severing the meat into small particles, which the tongue by a various and harmless motion puts under the teeth. Thus much I thought good to say of the parts of the Face, as well containing as contained.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Their number.
• * 1.2

  The Tempo∣ral muscle.
• * 1.3

  VVhy the wounds of the temporal muscle are deadly.
• * 1.4

  The Masseter or Grinding-Muscle.
• * 1.5

  The Round-muscle.
• * 1.6

  The lesser muscle of the lower jaw.
• * 1.7

  The fift and last muscle.
• * 1.8

  The use of these mentioned muscles.