The new politick lights of modern Romes church-government: or The new Gospel according to Cardinal Palavicini revealed by him in his history of the Council of Trent. Englished out of French.

CHAP. III. The only Rule of the Politick Church Government, is, its Felicity ac∣cording to the Flesh, in this World, and in the other, under the Au∣thority of one sole Monarch of the Universe, who is the Pope, of whom all his Christian Kings are Tributaries and Subjects, and who hath, or ought to have for his Inheritance or Demean the Riches of all the World, whose Honours and carnal Pleasures make the Churches Splendor and Felicity. Jesus Christ hath merited them for her by the effusion of his Blood, to render her Visible, Perpetual, and Remarkable, as the most happy according to the Flesh, of all other Republicks, that are, that shall be, or that ever were upon Earth.

ARTICLE I. Jesus Christ hath instituted in his Church the most excellent kind of Govern∣ment. Monarchical Government is the most excellent.

A Man should not doubt that the Wis∣dom Incarnate did not institute in his Church the most excellent kind of Govern∣ment,* 1.1 dovremo noi persuadere che la sapienza incarnata istituisse la sua Chiesa con un go∣verno il qual non fosse migliore.

Now Monarchical Government is the best of all even among Christians, essendo l'ottima forma del governo spirituale fra' Christiani,* 1.2 la monarchia.* 1.3

So that it must needs be that the Pope was instituted by Jesus Christ King of the Church, and Monarch of the whole World, adunque la necessità del governo monarchico si palesò per esperienza.* 1.4

Therefore it is that the Popes do reign at Rome,* 1.5 regnare in Roma, and their Kingdom is call'd the Kingdom of the Vatican, regno di Vaticano;* 1.6 and the Pope is called God's Viceroy; and our Cardinal-Historian calls Pope Alexander VII,* 1.7 Vicerè d'istraordinario valore.

He hath the Seignory of all the world,* 1.8 il dominio de l'intero mondo Christiano.

He is the Monarch and Lord thereof,* 1.9 Monarca e Segnor del mondo.

Insomuch that the whole World is the Empire whereof he is the Emperor, whose puissance is upheld by the veneration of Emperors and all other Kings, who be his Subjects,* 1.10 quella venerazione ch' è la base del loro Imperio.

ARTICLE II. That Emperors and Kings have acknow∣ledged the Pope.

'TIs this Soveraign Puissance Ecclesiastick of Popes, superior to the Secular, that the Kings and Emperors of the Earth have acknowledged by kneeling down be∣fore them,* 1.11 l'Ecclesiastica è suprema in autho∣rità perche ad essa i Principi secolari s'inge∣nocchiano.

Monarchs do not only kneel before the Pope, but they kiss his Feet, in token they acknowledge his Soveraign Authority as Vicar of Jesus Christ,* 1.12 inducendo tutti Prin∣cipi à riconoscerli come vicarii di Christo, bas∣ciando i loro piedi.

They acknowledge him as the chief Magi∣strate over all men,* 1.13 Magistrato supremo u∣mano.

They adore him as most holy in that qua¦lity, and too as Mediator between Heaven and Earth,* 1.14 chi dev'essere adorato con soprano∣me di santissimo, e mezzano frà il cielo e la terra, and as Mediator between themselves, and Arbitrator of their Differences, to hin∣der the Insolencies of some of them, and the plottings of others, otherwise States would never endure his medling in their Matters,* 1.15 il principato non è durabile con l'inso∣lenza, rimosso l'ostacolo dell'autorita spirituale, e perciò molto minor numero di congiure e di ribellioni.

Therefore Kings and People adore the Pope's hands,* 1.16 adorato sua mano; they adore his Crown, corona Pontificale; and his Dia∣dem,* 1.17 si tratta di mantenir l'adorato diademate nel fronte al mio principe.

In fine, they regard him as their Lord, nostro Signore.* 1.18

ARTICLE III. The Popes Monarchy over the World is necessary for the Church.

THe Church is a Body, composed of all the Catholick Kingdoms and Re∣publicks of the World, which be the Mem∣bers thereof: And in every State or Republick, all the Dioceses with their Bi∣shops, are also Members of that Body.

And as in compounded natural Bodies, there be many particular Forms, because every Member hath its own Form; so eve∣ry Diocese, and every Kingdom, and Re∣publick hath its particular Form, that is to say, its Bishop, its King, or its Superior and Head, in whom resides the particular superior power. But as in the compounded Natural Body, 'tis impossible that diverse Forms, which have no order nor relation among themselves, can be able to govern, because they would separate Unity. So it is impossible that Church-Unity can subsist, unless all the particular Forms of her Mem∣bers have relative Order among themselves-and be subject to a Form Total and Superi∣or, to be as it were the Head and Soul of them, from whence the Particulars may fetch all their direction and force,* 1.19 non pos∣sono molte forme trà loro non ordinate domi∣nare in un composto.

If the Church had not such a Soul, viz. a Soveraign Power that gave her Form, and whereby she might be directed, she would not any longer deserve the name of Church, non meriterebbe più la Chiesa nome di Chiesa,* 1.20 cioè di congregazione, mentre fosse disgregata per tante membre senza haver l'unità da un anima che le informasse e le reggesse,

It would be but a Crowd of men without Order, not a Body Organick and Formed, unless it received the Unity of a Form to∣tal, proper to animate it and rule it,* 1.21 nu∣mero aggregato accidentale s'ella non riceve

l'unità con una forma che la indirizzi e la governi.

Now then, supposing that the Pope is the Head and Soul of that Body that stret∣cheth it self through the World, whereof all States and Dioceses of the Universe are Members, the union and submission of these Members to this their Head, who is the Soul of them, forms the perfect band of the Life Politick,* 1.22 una congiunzione di vita perfettamente politica.

The Pope's Authority is the Basis, the Band, and the moving Intelligence of this Body's Government,* 1.23 del qual governo, la base, il legame, e l'intelligenza motrice, è l'au∣rità del Pontifice.

So that what ought not a man to suffer rather than let himself be separated from this good Soul, from which one draws all his Being, his Unity, his Direction, his Motion and Intelligence, per non separarsi da quest' anima;* 1.24 for what can the hands and feet in man's Body do, if they do not re∣ceive all their direction and force from one sole Head? che potrebbono li mani ed i piedi se non ricevessero tutta la direzione e tutta la forza d'un solo capo?

ARTICLE IV. The Power of the Pope is Independent from every Creature, and without Limits: The Riches of the World are his Revenue.

THe Popes Soveraignty being then so vast, it extends through all Countries, as the Soul does through all parts of the Body, un principato vasto e di varie nazioni;* 1.25 and like as the Soul in the most raised ope∣rations of her Intelligence depends not of her Members, so the Pope's power is inde∣pendent from every Creature, and unlimit∣ed, autorità illimitata ed independente.* 1.26 'Tis a power more than humane, and which, as such, ought to be adored,* 1.27 con debito d'ado∣rarla, che impone la sopra umana sua dignità, 'tis as it were, a divine state,* 1.28 stato quasi di∣vino.

And as the Members obey the Soul, without asking it a Reason; so every one is bound to obey the Pope, even when his Orders be unreasonable. Indeed he doth sin, when he ordains any thing against Rea∣son; but he that obeys him, doth not sin, ende peccaben in concederle,* 1.29 non i famigli in∣feriori in usarle.

In this Quality of King and absolute So∣veraign, he has for Revenue and Inheritance,

the Goods of all his Subjects, to wit, of all the Kings of the World, and of all their Subjects,* 1.30 havendo per lor patrimonio le sustan∣ze de' sudditi; he hath power to dispose thereof even against their will,* 1.31 con autorità à di commandare alle persone e di maneggiar le robbe per raggion propria, ed eziandio con altrui repugnanza.

And by consequence, Kings and their Kingdoms be Tributaries to him, and that with Reason; for every Parish finds its Par∣son, and furnishes him with all that's neces∣sary for his Ministry,* 1.32 ogni terra gli sommi∣nistra à suo piovano.

Every Diocess does likewise so in respect of its Bishop proportionably, and as 'tis meet for the Rank that he holds in the Church above Parish-Priests,* 1.33 ogni Diocese al suo vescovo.

Every State does the same proportionably towards its Prince,* 1.34 ogni stato al suo Prin∣cipe.

Thus 'tis manifest, That all the Prelates and Kings of the World do owe to their Monarch the same Contributions proportio∣nably,* 1.35 molti stati e regni insieme al loro Mo∣narca.

As the Pope is Monarch of the whole World, it is clear, That his Revenues be laid and set out for him upon the whole World,* 1.36 questi ritratti si cavan da tutti i regni del Christianesimo.

ARTICLE V. The Pope may compel Kingdoms to pay him Tribute: To dispute this Power with him, is Treason.

THat which is considerable herein, is, That as the Soul hath power to ob∣lige the Body to render it the service it ought, because all the service which the Body owes to the Soul, has no other End but the common Good of the one and the other. So the Pope, who is Soul of the Universal Body of the Church, having no End but the common Good of the Church, hath power to constrain all the Communi∣ties which make Parts of his Body, to pay him the Tributes due to him, sutable to the Grandeur of his Administration,* 1.37 quali richiedonsi alla grandezza di sua amministra∣tione. 'Tis for their own Good that he may oblige them to it; for one must do good to Communities, as one does to Children, even against their wills,* 1.38 qual più tritto proverbio che quello, à fanciulli e à communi convien fare il bene contra lor vog∣lia.

He that hath power to bring to the End, hath power to levy the means; as for ex∣ample, the Church hath power to constrain people to receive the Sacraments, 'tis ne∣cessary

then that she should have power to compel those things which be necessary to that end,* 1.39 se la chiesa può costringere i fedeli à pigliar i Sacramenti, li può costringere à tutto il necessario per l'amministrazione di essi.

Now the prime thing that is necessary for the Administration of the Sacraments, is a competent maintenance for the Mini∣sters,* 1.40 com' è in primo luogo la sostentazione de' Ministri. So the Pope being prime Mi∣nister of the Sacraments; and of the Go∣vernment Ecclesiastick, there's nothing more plain than the power he has to constrain the whole Catholick Christian World to pay him Tribute; this Demonstration is most clear,* 1.41 questa chiarissima dimostratione.

This supposed, who is it that can deny it to be Treason, to say, one ought not to pay to a Prince the Tributes which be due to him,* 1.42 si come verrebbe accusato di lesa Ma∣està chi affirmasse doversi levare à Principi se∣colari i loro tributi.

In greater Reason, then it must be a grea∣ter crime for him that would take away from the Prince of the Church and Vicar of Jesus Christ, the Fruits that are due to him from particular Churches, according to Reason,* 1.43 Equity and Custom, così di molti più grave delitto è reo chi vuol'torre al principe della chiesa e Vicario di Christo li frutti che à lui son' debiti dalle chiese partico∣lari secondo la ragione, l'equità, e la consue∣tudine. For the Revenues, for example,

which come of Indulgences, and other like Graces, are as his Gables,* 1.44 il medesimo in tutte le Gabelle, Imposts being necessary in all sorts of Government,* 1.45 in ogni principato essen∣do necessarie le imposizioni.

ARTICLE VI. The Pope's Authority is conformable to Nature; according to Aristotle, the Pope ought not to give reason for the using of his Power; it hath no other Limit, nor other Reason, but, Such is our Pleasure.

VVE have seen how the Union and Submission of the whole Body of the Church to its Head and its Soul, which is, forsooth, the Pope, makes the perfect Band of the Life Politick, and that the end of this Life is the common Good of the whole Compound, to which it is na∣tural, according to Aristotle, that all the Members do contribute This Philoso∣pher hath made no difficulty to say, That, as a Hand which doth not serve the Inte∣rest of the Body, from whose good estate the good even of every particular Member derives it self, could not be called a Hand, unless in an equivocal sence; so the man which serves not the common Good of the whole Body of the Commonwealth, but

hath his particular Interests for his Ends, cannot be called a man, unless in an equi∣vocal sense,* 1.46 la qual congiunzione è sì naturale che Aristotele hebbe à dire, che si come la mano che non serve à l'intero corpo dal cuibuono sta∣to ridonda il bene di ciascuno membro, dicesi equivocamente mano, cosi l'huomo che habbia per fine il privato suo prò e non il commune dal quale deriva ogni ben privato, chiamarsi equi∣vocamente huomo. Now he that is but a man in an equivocal sense, cannot be a faithful Christian Prince nor King, but in an equivo∣cal sense, and no other; this is the essential Reason that all Princes and People have to be the Pope's Subjects, if they will remain true Princes, or true Christians; he is not obliged to give you the reason for his power, having power in quality of Soveraign, to dispose,* 1.47 according to his liking, of persons and of Goods, as he thinks fit, con autorità di commandare alle persone e di maneggiare le robe per raggion propria ed eziandio con al∣trui repugnanza.

If it were otherwise, a man might upon every occasion, contest all his Orders and Commands as null, under pretence that they were not reasonable,* 1.48 gli si potesse muover sempre questione di nullità con allegare difetto della sufficiente ragione; and of Prince, as the Pope is,* 1.49 he would be made subject to his Subjects Orders, che sarebbe costituirlo di principe ch'egli è, soggetto al giudicio de' suoi soggetti.

For avoiding then all these kinds of con∣tradictions,

he may order it, and every one is obliged to pay him all that he demands, senza esprimer veruna ragione;* 1.50 there's no need for him to alledge any other cause, unless Such is Our Pleasure. 'Tis Pleasure that is the Rule of all Natural Equity, and all that is done against this good Pleasure, is but Violence,* 1.51 violento facendosi contra il gusto del Papa; In fine, the Pope himself is his own Law,* 1.52 il Pontefice esser legge à se stesso; for example, suppose that the Pope had no other reason for granting his Par∣dons, but the Money he gains thereby, and the Income which rifes thereof, this only Reason is sufficient to justifie all his Orders, essere in verità gran ragione quella grossa multa.* 1.53

Nevertheless, this is said with respect to his boundless power, and in it self indepen∣dent, illimitata ed independente, taking it ab∣stracted from honest Decorum, and other Circumstances which do moderate the Pope in the usage of his Power, and causes that one needs not to fear he will commit any abuses in the execution thereof; for setting these aside, he may do all through the ple∣nitude of his Power,* 1.54 è libero con la pienezza dell'autorità; but honest decorum hinders him from doing sometimes things he could and might,* 1.55 l'onestà richiede che non facesse da se medesimo. These were the Sentiments of Pope Pius IV. writing to the Emperor Ferdinand, in which he was contrary to Pope Paul IV. Caraffa, who was perswaded that

his Wisdom had no other Rules for acting, but those (forsooth) of his infinite power, che tutta l'ampiezza del suo potere fosse anche la misura di saggiamente esercitarlo.

ARTICLE VII. 'Tis not to be feared that the Pope will abuse his Power, and that for divers Reasons.

THere is no fear the Pope will abuse his All-puissancy.

1, He is Elected by a Senate of Cardi∣nals,* 1.56 da un Senato di Cardinali, whose lives, for the most part,* 1.57 are very exemplary, tan∣ta esemplarità in molti del Senato Aposto∣lico.

2. They Elect him ordinarily from a∣mong themselves,* 1.58 fra un senato di Cardi∣nali. They chuse him when he is old and a tried one,* 1.59 huomo vecchio provato; the most pious, and the wisest, which they think fit for the place, pio e savio.

* 1.603. The Pope hath Sentiments of humane Honour, per senso d'onore umano.

* 1.614. He hath Remorse of Conscience, i rimorsi della coscienza.

* 1.625. Being good, judicious and experienc'd, 'tis morally impossible that he should not govern the Church, either right well, or at least in tolerable manner, he is aided by

able Ministers,* 1.63 and with Motives of Ho∣nour and Policy, si può sperar che si elegga quasi sempre tale che per giudicio, per bontà, per esperienza, e quando tutte mancasse per aiuto di Ministri e per senso d'onore umano governi ò bene ò tolerabilmente la chiesa.

6. 'Tis his Policy to do so; for his Em∣pire not being able to stand without the peoples Veneration and Devotion, 'tis of utmost consequenee to him to do nothing that may cause him to lose that Devotion which maintains his Power;* 1.64 ed in risguardo eziandio d'interesse umano il dimostra sarebbe un tal modo troppo dannoso à quella venera∣zione ch' è la base,* 1.65 del loro imperio.... questa podestà la quale non hà altri littori che la divo∣zione de' sudditi.

ARTICLE VIII. Difference betwixt the Pope's Policy and the Turk's. Kings need not to fear the Pope's Power, but in case of Rebellion against God, or his Viceroy upon Earth.

THe Grand Seignor's ultimate End is his own Felicity, and his means to arrive at it, is, to make his People miserable,* 1.66 qual è la Politica del dominio Turchesco; but the Pope's end is the Publick Felicity of the Church, which is his Body, and whereof

he is the Soul, the Head, and the common Father. The Grand Seignor is free, and all his Subjects are Slaves, e teene loro in miseria per ch'egli goda; which is an execra∣ble Policy; as Slaves, he commands them with Sword in hand, being obeyed out of dread. The Ecclesiastick Power of the Pope,* 1.67 is a Power unarmed, la podestà godu∣ta dal summo Pontefice pure è disarmata.

Whence it is, though of right, the Pope has power to compell Peoples Obedience to his Authority, yet having no force joyn∣ed to his Supreme Authority, all its Pow∣er, as to its execution, depends on the inclination of the People, on their Venera∣tion and their Piety; therefore it is that the Pope, for to succeed in his Designs, ought to accommodate himself to the Peoples in∣clinations,* 1.68 though corrupt, dovendo egli governare gli huomini quali Iddio e la natura producono al mondo. The Great Turk never informs himself concerning the inclinations of his People, he does all by force, by Au∣thority, and through a Spirit of Domina∣tion; so that there's nothing more execra∣ble than the Turk's Policy; nothing more mild & more natural than the Pope's; there's no Republick in the World more happy, even according to the Flesh, than that which lives under his Empire;* 1.69 un corpo politico il più felice che sia in terra.

The Kings and Princes of the World have nothing to fear from the Pope's Pow∣er, except in case of a declared Rebellion

against God,* 1.70 tal che non può temere ne de forze ne dalle volontà di si fatti huomini se non in caso d'un aperta sua ribellione contra Dio, that they attack God through Heresie, or else his prime Minister and Viceroy General upon Earth, to suppress his power; in these Cases, the Secular Powers indeed have great reason to be apprehensive of the Ec∣clesiastick; for that their People through veneration for the Pope, and through Senti∣ments of Religion, would rise in Rebellion, if not always, at least often enough against such their Princes, being once declared E∣nemies by the Pope; la secolare hà gran rag∣gion di temerla, perche se non sempre,* 1.71 almeno spesso la venerazione de' popoli e'l rispetto della Religione muove i sudditi à sollevarsi contra'l principe temporale quando egli vuol'supprimere la podestà spirituale. Or else when Kings do publickly violate Justice, as Henry VIII, King of England. By example of that King, all others may observe how fast the Pope holds, that when a humor takes Christian Princes to violate Justice and Religion, without being by any means to be brought back to their Duty, they are alwayes to ap∣prehend the Arms of the Vatican,* 1.72 Si è mantenuto il possesso, che tutti i principi Chri∣stiani qualunque volta disegnino di violare in∣corrigibilmente la giustizia e la Religione,* 1.73 te∣mano l'armi del Vaticano. L'e sempio di lui non può dar ardimento à potentati Catolici d'es∣ser' impii senza terrore; After this Exam∣ple, there is no Catholick Prince, who

ought not to tremble, when he dares but think of becoming impious.

ARTICLE IX. Of the Peoples Soveraign Power in the Church.

THe Cardinal assures us at last, That it is the People have the Soveraign power in the Church, if not of right and in reason,* 1.74 yet at least, in fact and by force, il quale volgo finalemente hà la suprema po∣tenza, e però se non di raggione almeno di fattò è il supremo de' tribunali; the people, quoth he,* 1.75 is more powerful than all the Laws, essendo il popolo più potente d'ogni legge: So there needs the utmost skill to hold them in, and without the succors of great respect, and of some Love, 'tis hard to make them to like the yoke of Obedi∣ence,* 1.76 e pero richiedonsi gran' destrezza nel frenarlo e grand'aiuto di venerazione e d'amo∣re perch'egli si contenti di ricevere in bocca il freno.

'Tis by the greatest number that at last things are decided, and at bottom; this is the greatest Potentate of the world,* 1.77 im∣perciò che la moltitudine finalmente è il mag∣gior potentato del mondo; for the Multitude have more hands than the small number of their Superiors; and when all those hands

unite, they make a power that renders its self Mistress of the World,* 1.78 perche hanno più mani, le quali quando s'accordano, sono le padrone del mondo.

The Ecclesiastical Superiors ought above all, to be perswaded of this Politick Maxim, That all their power, as to its effect and execution, is upheld by the Peoples Vene∣ration,* 1.79 questo sapersi da Presidenti Ecclesia∣stici, che il loro potere quanto all'effetto è tutto appoggiato alla venerazione de' popoli, which is a warning to them to keep up this Veneration by an exemplary Life, abstain∣ing from all which hath the looks of ex∣cess,* 1.80 gli ammonisce à conservarsela con la vita esemplare e ad astenersi da ciò che habbia dell'immoderato ò del violento.

ARTICLE X. An Example of the Peoples Power in the Church in what passed at Milan, and at the Council of Pisa, under Louis XII.

THe Soveraign Authority of the Peo∣ple, which renders it self Arbitrator even between Popes and Kings, appeared in the People of Pisa, and those of Milan, under Pope Julius II, and the King of France, Louis XII. Some Cardinals having a mind, out of Ambition, to be Popes, under pre∣tence

of reforming the Church, as well in Head as Members, met in Council at Pisa. The Inhabitants of that Town being Sub∣jects of the Commonwealth of Florence, were constrained, through its Authority, to receive into their Town these Cardinals, and those of their Party; but nevertheless, they detested the Assembly of them as Sa∣crilegious, come sacrilega, they could not hold from giving them all possible marks of Slight and Abhorrency, so that the Coun∣cil was transferred to Milan. The Cardi∣nals of the Faction were received by the People in that Town, not as Cardinals, whose Dignity is in most great veneration in Christendom, but as men infected with the Plague, and as Cut-Throats, mà come huomini pestiferi e scelerati, and as boding Comets, which foretel and cause Mischiefs to the Countries over which they ap∣pear.

The French at that time got the Famous Victory at Ravenna against Pope Julius and his Confederates: The Popes Nuntio, John de Medicis, which afterwards succeeded Julius, by the Name of Leo X, was brought Prisoner to Milan. In this condition, a wonderful thing! even the Souldiers of the French fide could not chuse but yield to their Prisoner, as the Legate of the Vicar of Jesus Christ, Marks of their utmost Vene∣ration, asking Absolution of him for ha∣ving fought against the Church; such power hath the force of Religion over the Spirits

of Christian people;* 1.81 tanta nel popolo Christi∣ano è la forza della Religione.

Mean time, what kind of man was this Pope Julius? He was fierce-natur'd,* 1.82 una tal ferocia, in whom the Vapors of adust Cho∣ler reigned so violently, that they carried him out to Feats of War, little agreeing with the Holiness of his Degree,* 1.83 eccesso mi∣litare non convenevole alla santità di grado, da qualche vampa men regolata di bile ac∣cesa.

He had to do with Louis XII, that good King, sirnamed The Father of the People; which is to say, All; yet the Subjects of such a King favoured such a Pope; what would they have done then if this Popes Virtue had been as sublime as was requi∣site for him who ought to be adored by the Sirname of most Holy, as Mediator be∣tween Heaven and Earth.

This only Example makes it at once to be seen how puissant a Pope is that's reve∣red by the People, and how puissant the People is that is animated by a Spirit of Re∣ligion, tanta nel popolo Christiano è la forza delle religione.

But on the other side, this Example ought to teach Popes what they are to fear, when they abuse their supernatural and di∣vine Authority, and do injury to the Secu∣lar Power; for then the People changing their Veneration into Abomination, they abandon his Holiness's Interest, and in stead of remaining Superior, he becomes slighted.

See here then the different Interests of Popes and Kings, and the politick Rea∣sons, that these Powers which are superior of Right, and by Authority, have to con∣serve to themselves the succors of that of the People, which is always at last the So∣veraign by way of Fact, and as to the exe∣cution, and that same which obliges all these Powers to abide within terms of modera∣tion, the just temperament whereof makes the Politick Felicity according to the Flesh, even in respect of the Christian Repub∣lick, under the Monarchy of the Soveraign Pontife; for to preserve which, all the world by consequence is equally obliged through very Natural Love, seeing that doth embrace the whole World for its Fe∣licity.

ARTICLE XI. The Pope is not Master of his Authority, he is but the Depositary thereof, and obliged to preserve it: The most pious action of Christian people is to uphold it.

THe Popes do not reckon themselves Masters of the Apostolical power, which is intrusted them; they do not be∣lieve that they can release the Rights thereof, of which they are nothing but

Depositaries, to hold them and keep them up together, and not to permit the diminu∣tion of them; Thus spoke Pope Clement VII, of it,* 1.84 Primato Apostolico di cui non era signore mà custode, The Pope may dispose on good consideration of the Things and Persons whereof he is Lord, though, may be, he cannot do it lawfully, setting aside Ho∣nesty or other Virtues; but for what concerns the Rights of the Holy See, he cannot per∣mit the diminution thereof, neither lawful∣ly, nor upon any consideration whatsoever, which is so true, that Paul IV, who thought he might do any thing, and that all which he did by virtue of his Authority, without having respect to Honesty or other Virtues, became honest and lawful,* 1.85 che tutta l'ampiezza del suo potero fosse anche la misu∣ra di saggiamente esercitarlo: Nevertheless, as to the Rights of the Holy See, he made no difficulty to acknowledge that he was not absolute Master of them, but only De∣positary,* 1.86 di quella dignità della quale non era padrone mà oustode.

And the reason is, That the Pope's power in all the extent of it, which we have been speaking of, is the Publick Good and Fe∣licity of the Church, even according to the Flesh, secondo la carne; now the Pub∣lick Good of the Church, even according to the Flesh, is the greatest of all visible Goods, and the most noble Object of all the Virtues; and so the most noble action, not only of Policy, but of Piety that the

Pope and Christian people can do, is to uphold the Soveraign power of the Pope, in the extent of his All-puissantness inde∣pendant and infinite, and to maintain it with vigilance and stoutness;* 1.87 il custodir con intre∣pidezza e con vigilanza la sovranità del Pontificato, è per mio aviso la più commenda∣bile operazione che possa fare la Politica vir∣tuosa, perciò che di nessun' popolo si procura con maggior lodevolezza il prò universale che del popolo più diletto da dio e sedele à dio.

It remains then to make it evident what it is that is sutable for the Grandeur of the Pope, according to that Degree of Sove∣raignty which he is advanced to in the Church in quality of Vicar of Jesus Christ, Viceroy of God, Emperor of the whole Universe, Lord and Monarch of the World, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, Vice-God, and a God himself, by the most ex∣cellent participation of God that is visible upon Earth.

ARTICLE XII. The Pope must have Means and an E∣state suting with all these Quali∣ties. To deny this Truth, is a Trea∣sonable Crime. Humane Felicity ac∣cording to the Flesh, ought to be found in him as its Source.

THe Pope being King of Kings, and of the whole Universe, the Estates and Goods of all Kings, and of the whole Universe are his Inheritance; otherwise if the Temporalities of Kings were not the Pope's Inheritance, the Subjects Estates would not be the Inheritance of their Kings. 'Tis the part of Kings to consider, if they will renounce this new Right which the Religious and Carnal Policy of our Cardinal-Historian doth offer them; but as for the Pope, he is not Master of his, he is but Depositary; wherefore in quality of King, and for that very reason, it is un∣lawful, quoth the Cardinal, to abate the Pope his Rights, or any of that which is fit or sutable to the support and maintenance of his infinite and unlimited Grandeur,* 1.88 non essendo lecito di sostrare i suoi diretti e ciò che richiedesi per la sua convenevole sosten∣tazione al Pastor universale de tutta la Chi∣esa.

So you see, that to stop his Revenue, or force him from it, is a crime more treasona∣ble than that of those who would deny to those Kings, who are the Pope's Subjects, to pay them Gabels.

It is a General Order established of God, That all things should be conveniently or∣dered, convenevole, according to the De∣gree and Rank which they hold in the U∣niverse; for example, That a Cardinal have the Authority that is sutable to his Purple,* 1.89 and not that pitiful little power that sutes only with an ordinary Bishop, tal bassezza d'autorità qual convenisse ad un or∣dinario Vescovo e non ad un nobilissimo por∣porato. And generally speaking, The Church hath power to exact from her Be∣lieving Ones whatever is necessary for the maintenance of her Ministers,* 1.90 li può costrin∣gere à tutto il necessario com' è in primo luogo la sostentazione de Ministri: So that she hath power to levy from the whole Uni∣verse, Contributions necessary and propor∣tionable to the Grandeur of her Ministry, quali richiedonsi alla grandezza della sua am∣ministrazione.... questi tributi raccolti da ogni paese Christiano,* 1.91 * 1.92 queste contribuzieni di tutto illo mondo Christiano.

Now that which sutes the Grandeur of the Apostolick Principality, sutes it as it is the Source of all Temporal Profit and Felicity,* 1.93 even according to the Flesh, fonte d'utilità temporale secondo la carne in quel modo ch' è più conforme eziandio all'umana* 1.94

felicità, then must needs this humane felicity be found in the Pope, as in its source. Now Felicity according to the Flesh, consists in Riches, Honours, Pleasures, and in all be∣sides which the World loves, esteems and admires; to the end that the Pope may af∣terwards convey it, as it were, in several streams or veins all the World over; where∣fore the Pope is compared not only to the Soul or Head from whom the Body derives Being, and all the Felicity it is capable of, but he is also compared to the Stomach.

ARTICLE XIII. The Pope is the Stomach of the Churches Body, which disperses shares of Nou∣rishment to all his believing ones, that be Members of his Body.

'TIs true that all the Tribute which the Pope levies upon the World, seems to tend to enrich only the Vassals of his Tem∣poral Domain, or his home-born Subjects, questi tributi raccolti da ogni paese Christiano paian colare ad arrichir solo i vassali del do∣minio temporale;* 1.95 nevertheless in truth it is not so, in verità non è poi così.

But to make the thing better understood, we must use the Fable which whilom Mene∣nius Agrippa made use of when the people of Rome revolted against the Senate, and re∣fused

to fight for it; This sage Polititian told them, that

one day the Members made a revolt against the Stomach, and refused to contribute towards its nourish∣ment, but incontinently they perceived that they all fell to languish.

One may say 'tis the same thing with the Pope, who as the Stomach, does not digest for himself only the Goods which he possesses, but to distribute out to those Believing Ones, that be his Members.

That which ought then to be so much the more stronger in application of this Simili∣tude concerning that of the Body Natural, is this, The other Members which labour for the Stomach, can never be the Sto∣mach, so they have not that particular rea∣son to maintain the Stomach's Interests, but in the Mystick Body of the Church, there is no Member but that may one day become Stomach,* 1.96 no faithful Catholick, but may hope to become Pope, habbiamo un cor∣po dove ogn' altro membro si può convertire in stomaco, si come chilo in sangue e poi questo in carne. So that all these faithful Catholicks have a particular Interest to contribute to the Pope's Felicity according to the Flesh, because this Felicity returns back again to them according to the share they have in the distribution made by him after his having di∣gested it, as the Stomach of the Church; and besides, they or some of theirs may one day arrive to this quality of Stomach, and then shall they too digest all the Goods of

the World, first for themselves, and after∣wards for others.

It should follow from hence, may some say, that in time all the Riches of the World will flow to Rome, to enrich the Pope's Court; but though it should be so,* 1.97 fingiamo che con longo giro di secoli questi beni colassero nella corte, what hurt would there be in it, that all the Goods of the Earth that now pass from one to the other, by way of Inhe∣ritance, at a venture, without regard to me∣rit, should be distributed by the Pope to every one according to Justice,* 1.98 and accor∣ding to their Merits? Pongasi mente se verun disconcio arrechi alla felicità civile, che molti beni passino da esser dono del caso nell'heredità del sangue, ad esser distribuzione della giustizia nel riconoscimento del merito.

So that although all the Goods of the World should actually pass by distribution of the Pope, as Victuals do through the Stomach, and as of right all the Goods of the World belong to the Pope, as a King, whose Inheritance is the whole Universe, there is no body but may see that the Car∣nal Felicity of the Church would be there∣by more perfect, at least no body can deny but that the Pope hath right to levy upon the whole Earth what is necessary to make a Carnal Felicity sutable to his Royalty, to make him the richest, the most glorious, and the most happy, even according to the Flesh, of all the Kings and of all the Emperors of the Earth.

ARTICLE XIV. It is sutable to the Pope to have his King∣dom and State apart, and a Princes Court equal to other Kings, superior to all Princes. The Pope's Courtiers be called the Glorious Cardinals: They be the splendor of the Roman Court.

SUpposing then, as it hath already appea∣red, That 'tis necessary for the Unity and Majesty of Church-Government, that there be one Supream Head, and Soveraign Ruler, 'tis convenient, to the end he may be the common Father, and not held suspe∣cted by any one, as partial, that he reside not in the States of other Princes, but in his own; That he have a Court and Courti∣ers, such as the Grandeur of his Admini∣stration require,* 1.99 or supposto che per l'unità del governo, per la Maestà, debba esser un Ca∣po supremo e un supremo Rettor della Chiesa, convien ch'egli, affine di poter esser Padre commune non diffidente à veruno, non habiti nello Stato d'alcuno degli altri Principi mà che habbia Stato proprio, Corte propria, Ministri proprii e quali richiedonsi alla grandezza della sua amministrazione.

If a man had regard but only to the Grandeur of this Administration, and to its infinite power, the whole Universe, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉

the Kingdoms of the whole Universe should necessarily appertain to the Pope, immedi∣ately in demean: only if the Pope were im∣mediate Lord of all Kingdoms, without any other King upon Earth but him, or that Kings in their Temporal concerns were as the Popes Vicars, men would be ready to attribute Faith, and the Conversion of the World to a humane awe that Folks had of this same King of the World, and not to an affection for Religion. See here then an admirable providence, that the Pope hath a State little enough, to give no place for any evil judgment that some might be ready to make disadvantageous to Religion; on the other side, if this State had been lesser, the Pope would have been too openly exposed to Temporal Princes assaults, wherefore he had one bestowed upon him big enough to defend himself in,* 1.100 non è si grande che il culto del Christianesimo si possa ascriver ad umano timor, e non ad affetto di religione: non è si picciolo che possa di leggieri il suo possessore ve∣nir violentato dalla potenza di principi seco∣lari.

There's the reason then why the Pope is not immediate sole King of the whole Uni∣verse; but this does not hinder, but that he may be so in quality of Soveraign, Lord Para∣mount, as one may so say; of whom all Kings are Tributaries and Tenants, as hath been already been seen; by the right he hath to compel them to pay him contribution for his maintenance, suting the Grandeur of his ad∣ministration,

questi rittratti si cavan da tutti i regni del Christianesimo:* 1.101 Therefore they ought also to maintain him Courtiers in such State as may befit the Grandeur of their E∣levation, and these be the Glorious Cardi∣nals,* 1.102 Gloriosi Cardinali, to whom all Bishops are Inferiors, Prelati loro inferiori; 'tis clear that their Riches, their Honours, and their Pleasures, their Glory, their Splendor, and in one word, their Felicity, according to the Flesh, secondo la carne, ought to be in∣comparably greater than that of the richest Bishops, who in comparison of Cardinals, are but little Prelats, piccioli Vescovi.

This Degree of Cardinalship is the prin∣cipal Splendor of the Roman Church,* 1.103 and of its Popes, quella dignità ch' è il precipuo splendor della Chiesa Romana e de' suoi Ponte∣fici; and in effect, 'tis a great Glory for a Pope to be able to create Senators, who in Priviledge and Honour are before all the Creatures of other Monarchs, so that even the Children of the greatest Princes aspire to this Dignity,* 1.104 mentre possono crear Sena∣tori che in privilegii ed onoranze molto avan∣zino quelli d'ogni Monarca terreno, si che aspi∣rino à tal grado i figliuoli de' sommi principi.

Also at Rome, one reckons that Cardi∣nals are above all Princes that be not Kings,* 1.105 Cardinali che si stimano in Roma superiori ad ogni principe minor de' Rè, predecessero cem' era stato fin all'ora il costume, à Principi del sangue reggio, and in all parts of the Christi∣an World, men render to them the same

Honours as they do to Kings,* 1.106 tanti altri gran' Senatori venerati con Reali onoranze da si grande e nobil parte del mondo.

Thus is it manifest, That Cardinals being equal to Kings in Honour, 'tis sutable that they should be like unto them in Riches, Pleasures and Voluptuousness according to the Flesh, fecondo la carne, and by conse∣quence, that the Pope may take out of all Christendom all necessary Tributes, amply to recompence his Cardinals; which could not be, if the piety of Christians did not furnish out his huge expence,* 1.107 ciò senza du∣bio non seguirebbe se la pietà de' Christiani non somministrasse à lui la commodità di remune∣rarli altamente.

ARTICLE XV. Besides the Glorious Cardinals, the Court of Rome ought to be filled with an infi∣nite number of small Prelates that are to be equal with Bishops, and these be to lead no sad nor poor life, but to be jo∣cund, and live in plenty.

OLtre alle innumerabili Prelature,* 1.108 dignità e prebende, che in quella si comparisco∣no; il che fà godere molti con l'effetto e tutti con la speranza, laqual forse in questa vita è da maggior godimento che l'istesso effetto.

Here is the Glory, the Splendor and the Voluptuousness of the Roman Court, ac∣cording to the Flesh, which consists in the actual possession of an Earthly Felicity; or, as to those who do not at present enjoy it, at least it consists in the hope they have to arrive thereunto, the Felicity of which expectation is many times even in this world, not less than the actual enjoyment; And that this Felicity may be sutable to the Popes Grandeur; 'tis fit he bestow Recompences on that his infinite number of Courtiers with advancements, altamente, without impove∣rishing his Treasure Royal, because the greatest Evil, and the most remediless Want in a Community, is a scarcity of Re∣compences, when one cannot bestow them without impoverishing the Publick, nel vero il più dannoso e il più irremediabile mancamento della communità è la scarsezza de' guiderdoni, non potendosi dar quest senza impoverire il pub∣lico.* 1.109

Whereby one may judge of the opulency and abundance of the Court of Rome, and of the Piety of all Christians, which contri∣bute thereunto, to render it sutable to the Glory of the Universal King and Lord of all the Earth; for it is an Object of Joy for all pious Christians to see the Glory, the Abundance, and the Felicity, according to the Flesh, of that Universal Court of Christendom,* 1.110 era giocondo oggetto al cuor di ciascuno, il ritrovarsi una Corte universale nel Christianesimo la quale abbracci con indif∣renza

tutti li fedeli, e senza molta distinzi∣one di patria ò di nascimento vi elegga il supre∣mo Principe. A Court wherein indifferently the Soveraignty of the World, an infinite many Dignities, equal to those of Bishops, are exposed to the hope of all, and the en∣joyment of those which get them. Was there ever formed a finer Politick Idea? Yea, this is the Government designed by Christ, to render his people remarkable all the Earth over, by Prerogatives so appa∣rent,* 1.111 questo governo disegnato da Christo per segnalare in terra con manifesta prerogativo il suo popolo. Now what is the Soul, the Basis, the Band, the moving Intelligence of this Government, but the Pope's Authority? del qual governo come vedete la base, il legame,* 1.112 l'intelligenza motrice, è l'autorità del Pontefice? Have not all the Kingdoms of the Earth then a notable instance to maintain the greatness of their King, the Pomp and Glory of his Royal Court, of his Royal City, the Mi∣stress of the Universe, the Court of all Re∣ligion? Regia della Religione,* 1.113 una regia Ec∣clesiastica, the Royal Ecclesiastical Court, una corte, una regia universale, patria commune,* 1.114 regia commune, which cannot be maintained in a manner agreeing with its Institution, without Contributions, vast Riches, Tor∣rents of Gold and Silver,* 1.115 torrenti di pecunia.

ARTICLE XVI. The Glory and Felicity suting with this Court, subsist through her Magnifi∣cence in Buildings, Theatres, Spe∣ctacles or Sights, of Piety, Processi∣ons, Regales, Politick and Warlike Ex∣peditions.

ADd to all this, the Magnificence in Buildings: What prodigious abun∣dance of Means must one have to bestow thereon, though there were, for example, no other Building but that of S. Peter's Church, whose Structure alone astonishes, so great and vast it is;* 1.116 il nuovo edificio della stupenda basilica da san Pietro? Add to that, so many other Churches and Palaces, which make an admirable Ornament of the Royal City, and Mistress of the Universe; are not these pieces of Workmanship whol∣ly glorious?* 1.117 Opere gloriose; the work there∣of is immense, and the Millions be number∣less that were fain to be collected for on∣ly Building of St. Peter's? A work worthy of the Monarch of the World, and Sove∣raign Pontiffe,* 1.118 affin d'adunare tanti milioni quanti ne assorbiva l'immenso lavoro di quella Chiesa, opera di sommo Sacerdote, màinsieme di sommo Principe.

It was for this, that the Indulgences un∣der Pope Leo X, were Published, which gave ocasion to Luther's Heresie; the Sum of Money that arose of them, was not suf∣ficient, non bastino,* 1.119 it did furnish but a lit∣tle to the expence of building that glorious Fabrick, the prime Temple of the World, qual fabrica più gloriosa che quella del primo tempio che sia nel mondo.* 1.120

To this sort of Expence we may join that of Sights or Spectacles of Devotion, Thea∣tres, Perfumes, Musick, Ornaments, Lights, and other parts of the Glory and Magnifi∣cence of Publick Feasts; for in fine, the People will have Theatres and Spectacles, whatever they be; the World bestowed such upon them as nourished their Vices through Voluptuousness: Is it not then the Christian Pietie's and the Christian Po∣licie's part to bestow such as be more volup∣tuous upon them, to the end, that by so en∣tertaining them, it may draw them to Vir∣tue? Vuole il popolo i Teatri,* 1.121 ed è non solo conforme à la pietà, ma eziandio alla Politicá il far che i Teatri più sontuosi e più dilette∣voli sian quelle dove il vizio si medica non dove si nutre. Magnificenza di spettacoli,* 1.122 tri∣onfo della Religione, non pompe della vanità.

The diverse Nunciatures, and the Apo∣stolick Legations that must be sent from time to time about the World, must not be forgotten;* 1.123 Il qualo per bene Christianesi∣mo dêe non solo mantenere lo sua Corte, com∣posta di molti ufficiali nobili, mà dar sussidio

à pove Cardinali provisionar tanti nunzii, aju∣tar tanti bisognosi, e premiar tanti beneme∣riti.

The Regale that must be made to Ne∣phews and Kindred,* 1.124 rigaiglie del parentado, other costs and recompences of Officers and other persons Services, either Noble or Learned or Poor, whom the Pope keeps, the secret Alms which the Pope bestows; as for example, at the Council of Trent, to so many poor Bishops which had not where∣withal to maintain themselves there,* 1.125 secrete limosine à Vescovi bisognosi, the Money that was fain to be sent to Alexander, to quiet the German Spirits,* 1.126 i mandati e la pecunia. These be all heads of Charge, or Articles of expence, and Examples whereby one may judge of such like others; but above all, the charge of Wars against the Hereticks and the Turks, the Succours that the Pope gives at all times to Christian Princes; there needs no more but to read what our Cardinal-Historian relates of it in the Tenth Chapter of his Third Book; there one shall see the Torrents of Gold and Silver that go perpetually forth of Rome, to succour Kings and Christian Princes' torrenti di pe∣cunie.* 1.127 Could these Torrents go out thence, if they had not first come in there? Now all this can be done only by means of the huge Revenues which the Piety of Christi∣ans ought to furnish for maintenance of the Royal Court of the Monarch of the Universe, whose Court is the

Soul that re-unites under one and the same Unity so many Kingdoms, and which of all Countries of his obedience constitutes, one Body Politick, the most Formidable, the most Virtuous, the most Learned,* 1.128 and the most Happy that is upon Earth, una Corte la quale è l'anima che tiene in unità tanti regni e costituisce i paesi à lei ubbedienti; un corpo politico il più Formidabile, il più Virtuoso, il più Litterato, il più felice che fia in terra.

Such is then the Fidelity and Glory of the Court of Rome according to the Flesh, and such is the Temporal Felicity of that Church, for this same Felicity according to the Flesh, is a means most gentle, and at the same time, most efficacious to form the Temporal Great∣ness of the Church, as will be seen in the following Chapter.

Notes

• * 1.1

  l. 8. c. 17.
• * 1.2

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.3

  l. 5. c. 16.
• * 1.4

  l. 8. c. 7. & 17.
• * 1.5

  l. 2. c. 9.
• * 1.6

  l. 2. c. 7.
• * 1.7

  l. 24. c. ult.
• * 1.8

  l. 6. c. 4.
• * 1.9

  l. 6. c. 3.
• * 1.10

  Intr. c. 16.
• * 1.11

  l. 12. c. 3.
• * 1.12

  Ibid.
• * 1.13

  l. 7. c. 14.
• * 1.14

  l. 1. c. 15.
• * 1.15

  l. 12. c. 3.
• * 1.16

  l. 24. c. ult. l. 14. c. 10.
• * 1.17

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.18

  l. 21. c. 6.
• * 1.19

  l. 8. c. 17.
• * 1.20

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.21

  Ibid.
• * 1.22

  l. 3. c. 10.
• * 1.23

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.24

  l. 3. c. 10.
• * 1.25

  l. 23. c. 11.
• * 1.26

  l. 8. c. 17.
• * 1.27

  l. 24. c. ult.
• * 1.28

  l. 1. c. 2.
• * 1.29

  l. 21. c. 60.
• * 1.30

  l. 1. c. 1.
• * 1.31

  l. 6. c. 3.
• * 1.32

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.33

  Ibid.
• * 1.34

  Ibid.
• * 1.35

  Ibid.
• * 1.36

  Ibid.
• * 1.37

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.38

  l. 17. c. 10.
• * 1.39

  l. 17. p. 10.
• * 1.40

  Ibid.
• * 1.41

  Ibid.
• * 1.42

  l. 23. c. 3.
• * 1.43

  Ibid.
• * 1.44

  l. 9. c. 3.
• * 1.45

  l. 16. c. 8.
• * 1.46

  l. 3. c. 10.
• * 1.47

  l. 6. c. 3.
• * 1.48

  l. 19. c. 6.
• * 1.49

  Ibid.
• * 1.50

  l. 23. c. 8.
• * 1.51

  l. 3. c. 13.
• * 1.52

  l. 20. c. 5.
• * 1.53

  l. 23. c. 8.
• * 1.54

  l. 14. c. 14.
• * 1.55

  Ibid.
• * 1.56

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.57

  Ibid.
• * 1.58

  Ibid.
• * 1.59

  l. 12. c. 15.
• * 1.60

  l. 19. c. 6.
• * 1.61

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.62

  l. 19. c. 6.
• * 1.63

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.64

  Intr. p. 6.
• * 1.65

  l. 23. c. 5.
• * 1.66

  l. 5. c. 6.
• * 1.67

  l. 12. c. 3.
• * 1.68

  l. 9. c. 9.
• * 1.69

  l. 3. c. 10.
• * 1.70

  l. 12. c. 3,
• * 1.71

  Ibid.
• * 1.72

  l. 3. c. 15.
• * 1.73

  Ibid.
• * 1.74

  l. 1. c. 9.
• * 1.75

  l. 2. c. 4.
• * 1.76

  Ibid.
• * 1.77

  l. 1. c. 24.
• * 1.78

  l. 9. c. 9.
• * 1.79

  l. 12. c. 3.
• * 1.80

  Ibid.
• * 1.81

  l. 1. c. 1.
• * 1.82

  Ibid.
• * 1.83

  Ibid.
• * 1.84

  l. 3. c. 12.
• * 1.85

  l. 14. c. 13.
• * 1.86

  l. 13. c. 15.
• * 1.87

  l. 5. c. 16.
• * 1.88

  l. 23. c. 3.
• * 1.89

  l. 20. c. 3.
• * 1.90

  l. 17. c. 10.
• * 1.91

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.92

  l. 2. c. 6.
• * 1.93

  l. 23. c. 3.
• * 1.94

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.95

  l. 2. c. 26.
• * 1.96

  l. 3. c. 10.
• * 1.97

  l. 24. c. 10.
• * 1.98

  Ibid.
• * 1.99

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.100

  l. 1. c. 1.
• * 1.101

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.102

  l. 6. c. 4. l. 9. c. 10.
• * 1.103

  l. 21.
• * 1.104

  l. 21. c. 4.
• * 1.105

  l 9. c. 9. l. 13. c. 14.
• * 1.106

  l. 1. c. 8.
• * 1.107

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.108

  Ibid.
• * 1.109

  l. 8. c. 17.
• * 1.110

  Ibid.
• * 1.111

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.112

  Ibid.
• * 1.113

  l. 1. c. 2. l. 8. c. 17.
• * 1.114

  Ibid.
• * 1.115

  l. 4. c. 5.
• * 1.116

  l. 1. c. 1.
• * 1.117

  Ibid.
• * 1.118

  Ibid.
• * 1.119

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.120

  l. 1. c. 3.
• * 1.121

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.122

  l. 24. c. ult.
• * 1.123

  l. 2. c. 8.
• * 1.124

  l. 24. c. ult.
• * 1.125

  Introd. c. 4.
• * 1.126

  l. 1. c. 25.
• * 1.127

  l. 4. c. 5.
• * 1.128

  l. 3. c. 10.