The entertainment of His Most Excellent Majestie Charles II, in his passage through the city of London to his coronation containing an exact accompt of the whole solemnity, the triumphal arches, and cavalcade, delineated in sculpture, the speeches and impresses illustrated from antiquity : to these is added, a brief narrative of His Majestie's solemn coronation : with his magnificent proceeding, and royal feast in Westminster-Hall / by John Ogilby.

His MAJESTIES ENTERTAINMENTS Passing through the City of LONDON TO HIS CORONATION; WITH A Description of the Triumphal ARCHES, and SOLEMNITY.

THE City of LONDON, participating the greatest share of that inexpressible Happiness, which these Kingdoms have received by the glorious Restauration of our Sovereign to His Throne, and of us His Subjects to our Laws, Liberties, and Religion, after a dismal Night of Usurpation, and Oppression, and proportiona∣bly exceeding in their Loyalty, took the occasi∣on of His MAJESTIES Coronation, to express their Joy with the greatest Magnificence imaginable: imitating therein the antient Romanes, who, at the return of their Emperours, erected Arches of Marble, which though we, by reason of the shortness of Time, could not

equal in Materials, yet do ours far exceed theirs in Number, and stupen∣dious Proportions.

THE Custom of erecting Triumphal Arches among the Ro∣mans (a thing altogether unknown to the Graecians, till their acquaintance with them) most certainly was not coaeval with their Triumphs, which were within four years as long-liv'd as Rome it self. For among the Greek, and Latin Authours of the Ro∣man History, who have been so accurate in enumerating all their So∣lemnities, especially which concerned their Splendour, and Magnifi∣cence, we find not any mention of them till the time of the Roman Empe∣rours. Indeed of Triumphs, as of all other things, the Beginnings seem to have been but rude. At first nothing more then the Spoils hung up at the house of the Conquerour.

* 1.1Virgil, speaking of the Palace of King Picus,

Multáque praetèreà sacris in postibus arma, Captivi pendent currus, curvaeque secures, Et Cristae capitum, & portarum ingentia claustra, Spiculáque, clypeíque, ereptáque rostra carinis.

"Besides, on sacred Pillars all along, "A World of Arms, Axes, and Chariots hung, "Crests, and huge Bars of Gates the Ports adorn, "And Spears, and Shields, and Prows from Gallies torn.

This rudeness of the first Triumphs, even among the Romans, will sufficiently appear, if we compare the Triumph of Romulus, mention'd by Livy,* 1.2 Dionysius Halicarnassensis, and† 1.3 Plutarch, with the excessive Pomp, and Magnificence of the latter, of which we shall give an instance in this Discourse. The greatest Monument of which Magnificence, the Triumphal Arches, as we have said, was not heard of before Julius Caesar. 'Tis true, there is still retain'd at Rome the memory of Arcus Romuli, and Camilli. But 'tis certain, it appears not whether they were Triumphal Arches, or no; and it is very questionable, whether they bear their true Titles.* 1.4 For Pliny, who flourish'd in the time of Ve∣spasian the Emperour, calls them novitium inventum, a new invention: whose Authority much out-weighs those empty Titles of Arcus Romuli,

and Camilli, of which there is no ancient Record. Yet, that they were in use before Julius Caesar almost one Century of years, ha's been conje∣ctured out of these words of Asconius Pedianus, an Authour, against whom there is no exception, and who liv'd some years before Pliny; Fornix Fabianus, arcus est juxta Regiam in Sacra via, à Fabio Censore con∣structus, qui, à devictis Allobrogibus, Allobrox cognominatùs est, ibique statua ejus posita propterea est; The Fabian Arch is nigh the Palace of Romulus in the Sacred way, built by Fabius the Censor, who, from his Victory over the Allobroges, had the sirname of Allobrox; for which his Statue was placed there. That he triumph'd upon this Victory, we have ample testimo∣ny from the Marbles not long since digg'd up at Rome, formerly pre∣served in the Capitol. Nevertheless, those words of Asconius do evi∣dently conclude the contrary: for he says expresly built by Fabius Cen∣sour. His Censourship is referred by Sigonius and Pighius to the Year U.C. DCXLV. his Triumph happened anno DCXXXIII. as appears from the Marbles now mention'd,

Q. FABIUS Q. AEMILIANI F.Q.N. AN. DCXXXIII.
MAXIMUS. PROCOS. DE. ALLOBRO gibus
ET. REGE. ARVERNORUM. BETULTO. X. K.

Whence it is clear the Arch was built long after his Triumph. And I conceive his Statue was plac'd there rather in regard of his expences, then of his Victory so long before obtain'd. Neither is it strange after the space of above seven hundred years, to find this altera∣tion. We may observe many other, but shall onely take notice of two. First, The ancient Romans granted not the honour of Triumph to any, who had not slain in one pitch'd Field five thousand of their Ene∣mies. Jus triumphi datur ei, qui quinque millia hostium unâ acie ceciderit. Secondly, They allowed not Triumph for a Victory over their Fellow-Citizens; as Q. Catulus triumph'd not over M. Lepidus,* 1.5 or L. Antony over Catilin, or Sylla over Marius, or Cinna over Carbo, or Caesar over Pompey.

Claudian,* 1.6

— cum Gallica vulgò Praelia jactaret, tacuit Pharsalica Caesar. Nam{que} inter socias acies, cognata{que} signa, Ʋt vinci miserum, nunquam vicisse decorum.

— Of Gallick Fights oft at his Board Boasts Caesar, of Pharsalia not a word. Though sad the case to fall in Civil War, Yet 'tis no honour to the Conquerour.

which he means too in these Verses,

* 1.7Semperab his famae petiere insignia bellis, Quae diversa, procultuto, trans aequora virtus Exercere dabat: currus, Regumque catenae Inter abundantis fati ludibria ductae.

They by such Wars sought Fame in Fields remote, Beyond Seas Victory by their Valour got: Hence Kings in Chains and Chariots march in state, 'Mongst various Sports of their abundant Fate.

De civibus triumphare nefas,* 1.8 saith the same Valerius Maximus. In both which particulars the Romans History affords exceptions.* 1.9 In the first, in the Triumph without a War, anno Ʋrbis Cond. DLXXIII. In the second, in the Triumphal Arch, yet almost entirely standing, of Constan∣tine the Great, which the Senate, and People of Rome dedicated to him upon his Victory over Maxentius, a General of part of the Imperial Forces. The Inscription this,

IMP. CAES. FL. CONSTANTINO.
MAXIMO P.F. AUGUSTO S.P. Q.R.
QUOD. INSTINCTU. DIVINITATIS. MENTIS
MAGNITUDINE. CUM. EXERCITU. SUO.
TAM. DE. TYRANNO. QUAM DE OMNI EJUS
TACTIONE. UNO. TEMPORE. JUSTIS
REMPUBLICAM. ULTUS. EST. ARMIS
ARCUM. TRIUMPHIS INSIGNEM. DICAVIT

Three Triumphs, of the same nature, in one Century of years,* 1.10 are reckoned by Claudian, who makes Rome to speak thus,

His annis, qui lustra mihi bis dena recensent, Nostra ter Augustos intra pomaeria vidi, Temporibus variis: eadem sed causa Tropaeis, Civilis dissensus erat —

Lustres twice ten, with annual Springs, and Falls, Pass'd, since I saw three Emp'rours in our Walls, At sev'ral times: each, on sad Scores, did boast Triumphs for Civil Broils —

Both which particulars comprehend this Triumph of His most Sacred Majesty, which was upon a Victory over the Enemies of His Coun∣trey without a Battle.

These Arches generally bore the name of him, that rid in Triumph, and had a Title insculp'd, to testifie for what Victory they were erected: both which appear from this Speech of the City of Rome to Honorius the Emperour,

Ast ego fraenabam geminos, quibus altior ires,* 1.11 Electi candoris equos, & nominis Arcum Jam molita tui, per quem radiante decorus Ingrederere togâ, pugnae monumenta dicabam Defensam titulo Libyam testata perenni.

But I put in your Steeds more white then Snow, And of your Name design'd a stately Arch, Through which you might in Regal Purple march. The Battle too, and lasting claim engrav'd Attesting Monuments that you Libya sav'd.

They were always adorn'd with some Spoils of the Conquered Ene∣my. Claudian,

— Spoliisque micantes* 1.12 Innumeros arcus—

Innum'rous Arches rich with glitt'ring Spoils,

Prudentius,

Frustrà igitur currus summo miramur in Arcu Quadrijugos, stantésque Duces in curribus altis, Sub pedibusque Ducum captivos poplite flexo Ad juga depressos, manibus que in terga retortis, Et suspensa gravi telorum fragmina trunco.

We Chariots on the Arch admire in vain, In them their haughty Leaders standing see, And Captives stooping with low-bended knee, Their hands behind them ti'd; of pond'rous Oke Huge Truncheons hanging of strong Jav'lins broke.

Sometimes they bore insculp'd the Battle, in which the Conquerour had merited his Triumph, as those of Septimius Severus, and Constantine. In others, the whole pomp of the Triumph was represented; as in that of Vespasian and Titus, where are still to be seen led in Triumph the Spoils of the Temple of Jerusalem, the Ark of the Covenant, the Candlestick with seven Branches, the Table of the Shew-Bread, the Tables of the Decalogue, with the Vessels of pure Gold for the use of the Temple, the Captives chain'd, the Emperour riding in his Triumphal Chariot, &c. The order, and method of a Triumph, among the Romans, we will here briefly, but distinctly deliver, chiefly out of Plutarch, in the Life of P. Aemilius.

The captivated Statues, Pictures, and Colossusses, lead the Van. Plu∣tarch,* 1.13 of the Triumph of P. Aemilius, The first day (for this Triumph lasted three) scarce sufficed for the passing of the Statues, Pictures, and Co∣losses, lead in two hundred and fifty Carriages. Appian says, that Pompey carried the Statues of the Forreign Gods in Triumph.

The next followed the choicest Arms and Spoils of the Enemy. Plu∣tarch, The next day were carried the fairest and richest of the Macedonian Weapons upon several Carriages, glistering with the Brass and Iron new scowr'd: artificially plac'd, (yet that they seem'd to have been thrown toge∣ther promiscuously without any order) the Head-pieces upon the Shields, the Corslets upon the Buskins, &c. which striking constantly against each other, made so terrible a noise, that the sight of them, though now overcome, was a ter∣rour to the Spectatours. Statius,

Ante Ducem spolia, & duri Mavortis imago,* 1.14 Virginei currus, cumulatáque fercula cristis, Et tristes ducuntur equi. —

The Gen'ral, Spoils, and Mars dire Shape precedes Chariots and Chargers heap'd with Crests, and Steeds Mourning are led

Ovid,

Scuta sed & galea gemmis radientur & auro,* 1.15 Sténtque super victos trunca tropaea viros.

But Gems, and Gold their Shields, and Helms adorn, The Trophies on the vanquish'd Shoulders born.

Next, the Images of the Cities, Towns, Castles, Mountains, and Rivers, taken. Ovid,* 1.16

Cumque Ducum titulis oppida capta leget: Hic lacus, hi montes, haec tot castella, tot urbes, Plena ferae caedis, plena cruoris erant.

There taken Towns, and Princes Titles read: There Lakes, there Mountains, Forts, and Cities stood; Full with dire Slaughter, full of Purple Blood.

Protinùs, argento veros imitantia muros, Barbara cum victis oppida lata viris: Flumináque in montes, & in altas proflua sylvas, Armaque cum telis in strue juncta suis.

Next, Barb'rous Cities with the Captives past True Walls resembling in pure Silver cast: And Rivers that 'mongst Woods and Mountains glide, And Arms, and Weapons, rais'd like Trophies, ride.

Livy* 1.17 says, that Scipio Asiaticus carried in Triumph the Images of an hundred and thirty four Towns. Pliny† 1.18 reckons up twenty seven Ci∣ties,

Towns, Nations, Mountains, &c, led before Cornelius Balbus. Si∣lius Italicus, of the Triumph of Scipio Africanus over Carthage.

Mox victas tendens Carthago ad sidera palmas Ibat, & effigies orae jam lenis Iberae, Terrarum finis Gades, ac laudibus olim Terminus Herculeis Calpe, Baetisque lavare Solis equos dulci consuetus fluminis undâ, Frondosumque apicem subigens ad sidera mater Bellorum fera Pyrene, nec mitis Iberus, Cùm simul illidit Ponto quos attulit amnes.

— Next, lifting to The Stars her Conquer'd hands, did Carthage go, Then the Effigies of th' Iberian Land, Now Peaceable; with Gades, that doth stand The Period of the Earth; and Calpe, that, Of old, Alcides praise did terminate: With Baetis, which the Horses of the Sun Is wont to bathe in Streams that gently run: And high Pyrene, which gives Birth to Wars, And lifts her heavy Head unto the Stars: With rude Iberus, that with Fury flings Against the Sea the Rivers, that he brings.

Mr. ROSS.

Then followed the Moneys of Silver, Vessels, Garments, &c. Plu∣tarch,* 1.19 After which, three thousand men carrying the Moneys of Silver in seven hundred and fifty Silver Vessels; each of them weighing three Talents, four men to a Vessel.

* 1.20Next the Trumpeters. Plutarch, The next day betimes in the Morn∣ing went the Trumpeters sounding a Charge. After whom were led the Oxen ordain'd for Sacrifice.* 1.21 Livy, The Victimes, which go before, are not the least part of the Triumph. These were white, taken out of the Medows of the River Clitumnus. Virgil,

Hinc albi, Clitumne, greges,* 1.22 & maxima taurus Victima, saepe tuo perfusi flumine sacro, Romanos ad Templa Deum duxêre Triumphos.

This snowy Flocks, and Bulls prime Off'rings yields, Which bath'd, Clitumnus, in thy Sacred Floods, Rome's Triumphs draw to Temples of the Gods.

Upon which place Servius, Clitumnus is a River in Menavia, which is a part of Umbria, as Umbria is of Tuscia, whence whatsoever Beasts drink, they bring forth their young ones white. Claudian,

Quin & Clitumni sacras victoribus undas,* 1.23 Candida quae Latiis praebent armenta Triumphis.

Clitumnus sacred Streams, whose Snow-white Breed The conqu'ring Romans in their Triumphs need.

Ovid,

Candidáque adductâ collum percussa securi* 1.24 Victima purpureo sanguine tingit humum.

Struck with an Axe the pure white Sacrifice Earth with a purple River dies.

Next the Gold, and Golden Vessels, taken from the Enemy. Plu∣tarch, After the Sacrifices went those that carried the Gold, divided, as the Silver was, into Vessels, weighing each three Talents, the number of the Vessels, seventy seven: with those that carried the Sacred Cup, which Aemilius had cau∣s'd to be made of ten Talents of Gold, adorn'd with several pretious Stones, &c.

Then followed the Arms of the Conquered Prince. After which he sent the Chariot of Perseus, and his Arms, and his Crown plac'd upon his Arms.

Next the Captives, richly clad, but laden with Chains; the Ca∣ptive Prince with Chains of Gold, the rest according to their qua∣lity. Silius Italicus,

Ante Siphax feretro residens captiva premebat* 1.25 Lumina, & auratae servabant colla catenae. Hic Hanno, clarique genus Phoenissa juventa, Et Macedum primi, atque incocti corpora Mauri,

Tum Nomades, notusque sacro, cùm lustrat arenas, Hammoni Garamas: &c. Sed non ulla magis mentésque oculósque tenebat, Quàm visa Hannibalis campis fugientis imago.

—Before him Siphax, Captivate, Upon a Beere, his Eyes dejected, sate, His Neck in Golden Chains preserv'd. And here Hanno, and young Phaenician Nobles were; Then Macedonian Princes; next to these The Moors with parched Skins; then Nomades And Garamantians known to Horned Jove, Where they the Sands survey, &c. Yet nothing more delights their Mind, and Eyes, Then Hannibal, as in the Field he flies,

Mr. ROSS.

Propertius,

* 1.26Aut Regum auratis circumdata colla catenis, Actiáque in Sacra currere rostra via.

Or else their Kings in Golden Fetters bound; The Sacred way with Actian Wheels resound.

Ovid,

* 1.27Ibant antè duces onerati colla catenis. Before, the Princes went in Golden Chains.

Trebellius, speaking of Queen Zenobia, Jam primûm ornata gemmis in∣gentibus, ità ut ornamentorum onere laboraret: vincti erant pedes auro, manus etiam catenis aureis, nec collo aureum vinculum deerat. She was now so deck'd with great Gems, that she was oppress'd with the weight of her Ornaments: her Feet, Hands, and Neck were bound with Chains. But this was not con∣stant: for in a Triumph of Pompey's Appian mentions a great number of Captives, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, but none bound.

Next followed the Crowns, which the Cities, Friends of the Ro∣mans, had presented to the General. Virgil,

Ipse sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi Dona recognoscit sociorum, aptátque superbis Postibus.—

He in bright Porches of great Phoebus sits, And gifts of Nations to proud Pillars fits.

Plutarch, After which were carried 400. Golden Crown's, which the Ci∣ties had sent to Paulus Aemilius by their Ambassadours, as a reward of his Victory.

Next, he that rid in Triumph, in his Triumphal habit, elegantly de∣scribed by Juvenal.* 1.28

Quid si vidisset Praetorem in curribus altis Exstantem, & medio sublimem in pulvere Circi In tunica Jovis, & pictae Sarrana ferentem Ex humeris aulaea togae, magnaeque Coronae Tantum orbem quanto cervix non sufficit ulla? Quippe tenet sudans hanc publicus, & sibi Consul Nè placeat, curru servus portatur eodem. Da nunc & volucrem sceptro quae surgit eburno, Illinc Cornicines, hinc praecedentia longi Agminis officia, & niveos ad fraena Quirités, Defossa in loculis quos sportula fecit amicos.

Had he the Praetor in his Chariot spi'd Amidst the dusty Circque in Triumph ride, In Joves bright Vest, in an imbroider'd Gown Of Tyrian Purple, and a mighty Crown, For any Head too weighty, and too large, That is forsooth a sweating Servants charge: Least that the Consul in such pomp should pride, The Slave and he both in one Chariot ride. On th' Ivory Scepter th' Eagle seen displai'd, Here Cornets, there his friendly Cavalcade; Romans in white march neer the Horses Reins, Friends by the Basket and their Belly-gains.

The Army followed the Chariot of their General. Plutarch, The whole Army was crown'd with Lawrel, following the Chariot of their General in their ranks, and orders. Who usually sang Io TRIUMPHE. Ovid, speaking of the Triumph of Drusus Germanicus;

Tempora Phoebeâ lauro cingentur, Ioque Miles, Io magnâ voce TRIUMPHE, canet.

Io the Army with fresh Lawrel Crown'd Io TRIUMPHE as they march resound.

Claudian,* 1.29

Ipse albis veheretur equis, currumque secutus, Laurigerum festo fremuisset carmine miles.

Drawn with white Steeds; with Wreaths his Chariot hung, The Army follow'd with a joyfull song.

as by the Spectators also.* 1.30 Horace, of Augustus,

Tuque dum procedis, Io TRIUMPHE, Non semel dicemus, Io TRIUMPHE.

Io TRIUMPHE whilst you march in state, Io TRIUMPHE we reiterate.

Thus having briefly touched upon the Antiquity, and use of Trium∣phal Arches, we shall descend to the illustration of the Descriptions in particular.

[illustration] archway

The first ARCH.

MUNDAY, April the two and twentieth, His MAIESTY went from the Tower, through the City, to Whitehall.

In his passage through Crouched Fryers, He was entertain∣ed with Musick, a Band of eight Waits, placed on a Stage.

Near Algate, another Band of six Waits entertain'd him in like manner with Musick, from a Balcony, built to that purpose.

In Leaden-Hall-Street, neer Lime-Street End, was erected the first Triumphal Arch, after the Dorick order. On the North-side, on a Pedestal before the Arch, was a Woman personating REBEL∣LION, mounted on an Hydra, in a Crimson Robe, torn, Snakes crawling on her Habit, and begirt with Serpents, her Hair snaky, a Crown of Fire on her Head, a bloody Sword in one Hand, a charm∣ing Rod in the other. Her Attendant CONFƲSION, in a deformed Shape, a Garment of severall ill-matched Colours, and put on the wrong way; on her Head, Ruines of Castles; torn Crowns, and broken Scepters in each Hand.

THere was no War in the Roman, or Greek Common-wealths call'd by any name properly answering to Rebellion, which compre∣hends only the violation of that Natural duty, which the Subject owes to the supreme Governour: for though we find Rebellio in Tacitus, of Subjects that rise against their Prince, and Rebellis too in Claudian, speak∣ing of Africk a Subject to Rome, but then in Arms against the Ro∣man Emperour under Gildo, as

—segetes mirantur Iberas* 1.31 Horrea: nec Libyae senserunt damna rebellis Jam Transalpinâ contenti messe Quirites.

The Roman Grange Iberian Corn admires, Nor did rebellious Libya's loss resent, But with Transalpine Harvests was content.

and in another place, speaking of the Moors,* 1.32

Nónne meam fugiet Maurus, cùm viderit, umbram? Quid dubitas? exsurge toris: invade rebellem: Captivum mihi redde meum—

Will not the Moor fly when he sees my Ghost? Why doubt'st Thou? rise: storm that Rebellious Coast; My Captive me restore.—

Yet we find that word attributed also to Alarick, and his Army, no Subjects of the Roman Empire, but only Confederates, by the same Authour,

* 1.33Oblatum Stilico violato foedere Martem Omnibus arripuit votis, ubi Roma peric'lo Jam procul, & belli medius Padus arbiter ibat: Jámque opportunam motu strepuisse rebelli Gaudet perfidiam.

He freely undertook so just a War, The League being broke, and Rome from danger far, While the Armies Poe divides; Stilico Arms: Glad of th' occasion those Rebellious swarms In such a place conjoyn'd.

Wherefore we must look for its Description under Civil Discord, and Sedition, which Petronius Arbiter, in the Civil War betwixt Cae∣sar and Pompey, ha's very elegantly delivered.

Infremuere tubae, ac scisso DISCORDIA crine Extulit ad Superos Stygium caput. Hujus in ore Concretus sanguis, contusáque lumina flebant. Stabant atrati scabrâ rubigine dentes; Tabo lingua fluens; obsessa draconibus ora: Atque intertorto laceratam pectore vestem, Saguineam tremulâ quatiebat lampada dextrâ.

The Trumpets sound, and Discord, with torn hair, Her Stygian front advanceth to the air.

O're her smear'd Visage clotted blood lies spread, Her blubber'd Eyes are beat into her Head, Her iron Teeth rough with a rusty scale, Her Tongue drops gore, Serpents her Brows impale: Rending her pleited Vest, and red Attire, Her trembling Hand brandisheth bloody Fire.

But we cannot better take a view of Sedition, and Discord, then in the Description of the Authours of it, feign'd to be the Furies: as Virgil,

Tu potes unanimes armare in praelia fratres, Atque odiis versare domos: tu verbera tectis, Funereásque inferre faces: tibi nomina mille, Mille nocendi artes: foecundum concute pectus. Disjice compositam pacem, sere crimina belli: Arma velit, poscátque simul, rapiátque juventus.

Unanimous Brothers thou canst arm to fight, And settled Courts destroy with deadly spight: Storm Palaces with Steel, and Pitchy Flames, Thou hast a thousand wicked Arts, and Names: Thy Bosom disembogue, with Mischief full, And Articles concluding Peace annull. Then raise a War, and with bewitching Charms Make the mad People rage to take up Arms.

Statius gives a Description of one of them very correspondent to ours,* 1.34

Centum illi stantes umbrabant ora Cerastae: Turba minor diri capitis; Sedet intus abactis Ferrea lux oculis, qualis per nubila Phoebes Atraciâ rubet arte labor: Suffusa veneno Tenditur, ac sanie gliscit cutis, igneus atro Ore vapor, quo longa sitis, morbìque, famésque, Et populis mors una venit, riget horrida tergo Palla, & caerulei redeunt in pectora nodi.

Tum geminas quatit illa manus: haec igne rogali Fulminat, haec vivo manus aëra verberat hydro.

An hundred Snakes up in a Party made From her dire Head, her horrid Temples shade, Her fix'd Eyes sunk, their Brazen Gleamings shroud, So charm'd bright Phaebe blusheth through a Cloud: Poyson'd her swoln Skin shines with gore, her Breath Ushers in Flame, Thirst, Famine, Plague, and Death: Her dreadful Robes rough on her Shoulders sit, Which on her Bosom Crimson Ribbans knit: Then both her hands she shakes; with Fun'ral Fire This thunders, that jerks Air with Serpents dire.

Of Tisiphone Virgil,

* 1.35Continuò sontes ultrix accincta flagello Tisiphone quatit insultans, torvósque sinistrâ Intentans angues, vocat agmina saeva sororum.

Cruel Tisiphone insulting shakes Her dreadful Whip, and arm'd with twisted Snakes In her left hand, straight on the guilty falls, And Troops of unrelenting Furies calls.

Pindar calls Sedition 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a bad Nurse for Children. The reason may be taken from these Verses of Homer describing the con∣sequents of it;

* 1.36〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

My slaughter'd Sons, my Daughters ravish'd, see, My Court destroy'd, and from the Nurses knee Their tender Babes snatch'd by the cruel Foe, And in one Sea their Bloods commixed flow.

The HYDRA, on which Rebellion is mounted, the Ancients have very variously represented.* 1.37 Pausanias attributes but one Head to it, Pisander Camirensis† 1.38 many, Alcaeus nine, Simonides fifty, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, whom Virgil follows,

Quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra* 1.39 Savior intus habet sedem —

Hydra with fifty ugly Jaws, one more Cruel then this by half, 's within the door.

On the South Pedestal is a Representation of BRITTAIN'S MO∣NARCHY, supported by LOYALTY, both Women; Monarchy, in a large Purple Robe, adorn'd with Diadems, and Scepters, over which a loose Mantle, edg'd with blue and silver Fringe, resembling Water, the Map of Great Britain drawn on it, on her Head London, in her right Hand, Edinburgh; in her left, Dublin: Loyalty all in White, three Scepters in her right Hand, three Crowns in her left.

Purple is call'd by Tertullian Regiae dignitatis insigne,* 1.40 a Badg of Royal Dignity. Lactantius,* 1.41 Et sicuti nunc Romanis indumentum Purpurae in∣signe est Regiae dignitatis assumptae, sic illis, &c. Claudian of Rufinus,

Imperii cerius; tegeret ceu Purpura dudum Corpus, & ardentes ambirent tempora gemmae.

Certain of Empire, as if Purple now Had cloath'd his Limbs, and Gems impal'd his Brow.

So Strabo says, that the Posterity of Androclus, Son of Codrus King of Athens, had at Ephesus, besides many other Honours granted them, a Purple Robe in token of their Royal descent. According to which, we finde in Sidonius Apollinaris, Purpuratus to be equivalent with Impera∣tor, Epist. lib. ii. Qui videbatur in jugulum Purpurati jamjam ruiturus;* 1.42 Who seem'd ready to murder the Emperour: and, Serò cognoscunt, possereum Majestatis pronunciari etiam eum, qui non adfectâsset habitum Purpurato∣rum; They too late understand, that even he, that affected not the Habit of the Emperours, might be found guilty of Treason. From whence the Civi∣lians observe, that it was Treason to assume the Royal Robes. And Am∣mianus Marcellinus speaks of a Woman, who had suborn'd several to accuse her Husband of High Treason, for having stoln the Emperour Diocletian's Purple Vest out of his Sepulchre, and hiding it. Eusebius;

He (Diocletian) first beautified his Shoes with Gold, and Pearls, and preti∣ous Stones. For the Kings before him were honoured in the same manner with the Consuls, having onely a Purple Vest for a badge of their Royalty, The same saith Paeanius, who translated Eutropius; The Royal Robe be∣fore was distinguish'd only by its Purple colour. Wherefore, when any resolv'd Tyrannically to sieze upon the Royal Dignity, they immedi∣ately usurp'd a Purple Robe; which they sometimes forc'd from a Standard,* 1.43 as Trebellius reports of Saturninus. The same Authour; Gordianum Proconsulem reclamantem, & se terrae affligentem, opertum Purpurâ imperare coëgerunt & primò quidem invitus Gordianus Purpuram sumpserat: postea verò, quum vidit neque filio, neque familiae id latam esse, volens suscepit Imperium; They forc'd Gordian the Proconsul, who denied, and cast himself upon the ground, to be vested in Purple, and receive the Title of Emperour: at first he was very unwilling to receive the Purple Robe, but, when he saw, that that was unsafe for his Son, and Family, he receiv'd the Empire willingly. Where Purpurant sumere, and sumere Imperium, are the same. Sometimes they committed Sacrilege upon the Statues of the Gods.* 1.44 Vopiscus; Depositâ Purpurâ ex simulachro Veneris, cum cyclade uxoria, à militibus circumstantibus amictus, & adoratus est; Taking a Purple Robe from the Statue of Venus, and his Wife's inner Vest of Gold, he was invested, and adored by the Souldiers as Emperour. Trebellius; Celsum Imperatorem appellaverunt peplo Deae Coelestis ornatum; They put on Celsus the Vest of the Goddess of Heaven, and call'd him Emperour. Wherefore, when we read of the Consular Purple Robes under the Ro∣mane Emperours, as in that of Latinus Pacatus, Quorum alter, post am∣plissimos Magistratus, & purpuras Consulares; and of Sidonius,

— Te picta Togatum Purpura plus capiat; quia res est semper ab aevo Rara frequens Consul:—

Purple should rather thee affect, since we One often made a Consul seldome see:

it must be understood either of the Senatorian Segments added to their Consular Robes, or of a Purple mix'd with some other Dye; which is mentioned in Theodosius's Code: as a Warp of Purple, the Woof of an∣other colour, or the like. For the Imperial Interdict comprehends all of whatsoever degree; Temperent universi, cujuscunque sint sexûs, digni∣tatis, artis, professionis, & generis, ab hujúsmodi speciei possessione, quae soli Principi, ejusque domui dedicatur; Let every one, of what Sex, Dignity, Art, Profession, and Birth they be, forbear the possession of this sort of Purple, which is appropriated to the Prince alone, and his house.

The first Imperial Edict of this nature is conceived to be in the time of the Emperour Nero: which is to be understood de holoveris, of pure unmix'd Purple.

Neither was Purple peculiar to the Imperial Robes onely, but to their Pens too. The Emperour Leo forbad, that any Rescripts of his should bear other then a Purple Inscription. So Nicetas, in the Life of Manuel the Emperour, says, That, at his entrance upon the Empire, he sent Letters to Constantinople, written with Purple. Constantinus Ma∣nasses in his Annals, The Emperour granted the request of his Sister, and ta∣king a Pen in his hand confirm'd the Paper in Purple Letters.* 1.45 And Palaeo∣logus the Emperour, swearing subjection to the Roman See in the Church of Santo Spirito at Rome, subscribed in Letters of Purple.

The art of making this Purple, both for Robes, and Ink,* 1.46 is still pre∣serv'd, but we meet not with the materials; though we have left us both the place, and manner of taking, preparing, and whatsoever is necessary for that purpose.

Monarchy is said to be supported by Loyalty; because the Love of the Subject is the securest Guard of the Prince. Seneca, in a Discourse betwixt Nero and Seneca the Philosopher,

NE. Ferrum tuetur Principem. SE. Meliùs Fides. NE. Decet timeri Caesarem. SE. At plûs diligi.

NE. Arms Caesar guard. SE. But better Loyalty. NE. Kings should be fear'd. SE. They rather lov'd should be.

We find not any name for Loyalty in the time of the Roman Em∣perours, except Fides, or Fidelitas: as in the Coyns of the Emperour Philippus,* 1.47

[illustration] coin

FIDES EXERCI TVVM

which was signified by the extension of the hand. Lucan speaking of the Army, promising Fealty to Julius Caesar,

— His cunctis simul assensere cohortes, Elatásque altè, quaecunque ad bella vocaret, Promisere manus —

All rais'd their hands with joint consent, that they Would fight for him, and his Commands obey Gainst whomsoe're —

Isidorus Hispal. Mos erat Militaris, ut, quoties consentiret exercitus, quia voce non potest, manu promittat; It was the Military Custom, that as often as the Army consented, because they could not with their voice, they should pro∣mise with their hand.

Which Posture is represented in these Medaigles of the Emperours Trajan, and Hadrian,

* 1.48

[illustration] coin

Num: T••AIANI Aug.

SPOR OPTIMO PRINCIPI

[illustration] coin

Num: HADRIANT Aug:

•• C

Claudian, speaking of a Rebellion in the Western parts of the Empire,

Interea turbata FIDES, civilia rursus Bella tonant, dubiumque quatit Discordia mundum.

Mean while the Peace was broke, Ensigns unfurl'd, And Discord thundring shook the stagg'ring World.

Loyalty is cloathed in white, to signifie its purity, and innocency, Co∣lor albus praecipuè decorus Deo est, tum in caeteris, tum maximè in textili, Ci∣cero. Horace.

* 1.49Te Spes, & albo rara Fides colit Velata panno— Thee Hope, and Faith embrace Cloathed in white.

The first Painting on the South-side is a Prospect of His Majestie's landing at Dover-Castle, Ships at Sea, great Guns going off, one kneeling, and kissing the King's Hand, Souldiers, Horse, and Foot, and many People gazing; above,

ADVENTUS AUG.

"Beneath the Painting this Motto,

IN SOLIDO RURSUS FORTUNA LOCAVIT.

This Inscription ADVENTUS AUGUSTI is often found among the Coyns of the Roman Emperours upon a peaceable return;* 1.50 which is signified by the extension of the right hand: for saith Quintilian, Fit & ille habitus, qui esse in Statuis Pacificator solet, qui protenso brachio manum inflexo pollice extendit; That Gesture is used too, which in Statues is a token of Peace, which extends the Arm, and Hand, inflecting the Thumb. In which Posture there is extant at Rome the Statue of the Emperour M. Aure∣lius Antoninus: and another before the Laterane, mention'd in the Addi∣tions to Pierius. The same we finde in the Coyns of M. Julius Philippus, and Fl. Jovianus, with the same Inscription, ADVENTUS AUGUSTI.* 1.51

[illustration] coin

Num: PHILIPPI Aug:

ADVENTVS AVGVSTI

[illustration] coin

Num: P.L. IOVIANI Aug:

ADVENTVS AVGVSTI

The Painting on the North-side, opposite to this, is a Trophy with decol∣lated Heads, having over it,

ULTOR A TERGO DEUS.

"Taken out of Horace,

—sequitur Rebelles Ʋltor à tergo Deus—

"God's Vengeance Rebels at the Heels pursues.

The Motto beneath, AUSI IMMANE NEFAS, AUS OQUE POTITI.

A Trophy amongst the ancient Romans was ordinarily a Trunk of a Tree, fitted with the Arms of the Conquered Enemy, according to that of Virgil,

* 1.52Ingentem quercum, decisis undique ramis, Constituit tumulo, fulgentiáque induit arma, Mezenti Ducis exuvias, tibi magne tropaeum Bellipotens: aptat rorantes sanguine cristas, Telâque trunca viri, & bis sex thoraca petitum Perfossumque locis, clypeumque ex aere finistrae Subligat, atque ensem collo suspendit eburnum.

A stately Oak on Rising-Ground he plac'd, And Boughs disrob'd, with glorious Armour grac'd; With King Mezentius Spoils the Trunks he loads, Great Mars, thy Trophy, Warlik'st of the Gods; His Breast-Plate, run twice six times thorow, rears, And Plumes bedew'd with Blood, and broken Spears. His Brazen Shield on the left Shoulder tied, Hanging his Sword in Ivory by th'side.

And in the same Book,

Da nunc, Tybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro, Fortunam, atque viam duri per pectus Halesi, Haec arma, exuviásque viri tua quercus habebit.

Grant, Father Tyber, Fortune to this Lance, And that this Jav'lin, which I now advance, May through Halesus Bosom passage make, And let thy Oak his Spoils, and Armour take▪

Statius,

* 1.53Quercus erat, tenerae jamdudum oblita juventae, Huic laves galeas, perfossáque vulnere crebro

Inserit arma ferens, huic truncos ictibus enses Subligat, & fractas membris spirantibus bastas.

There was an aged Oak, on which he put Bruis'd Casks, and Corslets, thrust-through, hack'd, and cut: Next Swords in Battel broken guirds upon, And splinter'd Spears from dying Bodies drawn.

The Trophie of Jupiter over the Giants is at large, and elegantly described by Claudian,

—Phlegraeis sylva superbit* 1.54 Exuviis, totúmque nemus victoria vestit. Hìc patuli rictus, hic prodigiosa Gigantum Tergora dependent, & adhuc crudele minantur Affixae facies truncis: immaniáque ossa Serpentum passim tumulis exsanguibus albent, Et rigidae multo suspirant fulmine pelles, Nulláque non magni jactat se nominis arbor. Haec centum-gemini strictos Aegeonis enses Curvatâ vix fronde levat; liventibus illa Exultat Cori spoliis: haec arma Mimantis Sustinet; hos onerat ramos exutus Ophion. Altior & cunctis abies, umbrosáque latè, Ipsius Enceladi fumantia gestat opima Summi Terrigenûm regis, caderétque gravata Pondere, nì lapsum fulciret proxima quercus. Indè timor, numénque loco, nemorísque senectae Parcitur, aethereísque nefas nocuisse Tropaeis.

— The Woods in Spoils Phlegraean pride, The whole Grove Vict'ry cloath'd. Here Gapings wide Of horrid Jaws; there Backs of hideous size Hung, and stak'd faces threatning still the Skies:

Huge Serpents Skeletons in bloodless Piles There bleaching white lay in voluminous Coyls, Whose scaly Sloughs smell with Sulphureous Flame: No Tree but boasts some mighty Giant's Name. This, loaden, under stern Aegaeon yields, Who us'd an hundred Swords, as many Shields; That brags bold Corus bloody Spoils: this bears The Arms of Mimas; that Ophion's wears. But higher then the rest, with spreading shade, A Firr Enceladus Crest and Corslet lade, The Giants King; which with its weight had broke, If not supported by a neighb'ring Oak. Hence a Religious Aw preserves the Woods, And none dares wrong the Trophies of the Gods.

* 1.55But when the City of Rome grew greater in power, the Trophies were more magnificent. L. Florus, How acceptable those two Victories were, may be conjectured from hence, that Domitius Ahenobarbus, and Fabius Maximus erected in the same place where the Battels were fought Turrets of Stone, upon which were Trophies, adorn'd with the Arms of the Enemy, a Custome not in use before amongst us. For the people of Rome ne∣ver upbraided their Conquered Enemies with their Victories.

On these Trophies was inscribed both the Name of the Conquer∣our,* 1.56 and the People conquered. Tacitus, Laudatis pro concione victori∣bus, Caesar congeriem armorum struxit superbo cum titulo; debellatis inter Rhenum Albimque nationibus, exercitum Tiberii Caesaris ea Monimenta Marti, & Jovi, & Augusto sacravisse: Caesar, having commended the Ʋictors, raised an heap of Arms with this proud Inscription, The Army of Tiberius Caesar, having vanquish'd the People between the River Rhene, and the Albe, consecrates these Monuments to Mars, Jupiter, and Au∣gustus. And, to the same purpose, Miles in loco praelii Tiberium Impe∣ratorem salutavit (absentem) struxítque aggerem, & in modum Tropaeo∣rum arma, subscriptis victarum gentium nominibus, imposuit. There are two Trophies of Marius's still remaining at Rome, one of which ha's a Breast-Plate with Military Ornaments, and Shields, before it a young man captive, with his hands bound behind him; on each side of it two Winged Victories. So Pliny tells us of a Trophie erected to the ho∣nour

[illustration] statue front

TROPHEA MARII DE BELLO CYMB^R: PVTAT: AD AED. D CVSEBROM.

[illustration] statue back

TROPHEA MARII DE BELLO CIMBR: PVTAT. AD AED. D: CVSEBROM ROMAE.

of Augustus in the Alps with this Inscription,* 1.57 IMPERATORI CAESARI DIVI F. AUG. PONTIF. MAX. IMPERATORI XIV. TRIBUNITIAE POTESTATIS. S. P. Q. R. QUOD EIUS DUCTU AUSPICUSQVE GENTES ALPIUM OMNES, QVAE A MARI SUPERO AD INFIMUM PERTINEBANT, SUB IMPERIUM P. R. SUNT REDACTAE.* 1.58 Stobaeus says, that Othryades, taking the Spoils of some of his Enemies, erected a Trophy, and writ this Title with the Blood of the wounded,

THE LACEDAEMONIANS OVER THE ARGIVES.

These Trophies were consecrated to the Gods, and therefore could not be demolish'd without Sacrilege. So Dio says of Caesar, that,* 1.59 after his Pontick Victory, he durst not deface the Trophy of Mithridates, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because sacred to the Gods of War. So, when his Friends had given order, that a Sword, which hung up in a Tem∣ple of the Arubeni, as a Spoil from Caesar, should be taken down, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, he would not suffer it, accounting it sacred. Vitruvius,* 1.60 Posteà autem Rhodii, religione impediti, quòd nefas esset Tropaea dicata re∣movere, circa locum eum aedificium struxerunt; But afterwards the Rho∣dians, out of a religious fear, because it was unlawful to remove the dedicated Trophies, erected a Building about the place. The Gods, to whom the Ro∣mans consecrated their Trophies, we finde in Livy: Omnis generis arma,* 1.61 cumulata in ingentem acervum, precatus Martem, Minervámque, Luám∣que Matrem, & caeteros Deos, quibus spolia dicare jus fásque est.

The Motto ULTOR A TERGO DEUS, over the Trophie, is in reference to the Coyn of the Emperour Claudius, which represents Martem Ʋltorem with a Trophie on his Shoulder,

[illustration] coin

CIAVDII Aug.

MARS VLTOR

but more particularly to that History of Augustus, who, after the War was ended, which he undertook for the revenge of his Father's blood,

murdered by some Common-wealth's men in the Senate-house,* 1.62 conse∣crated a† 1.63 Temple MARTI ƲLTORI, which he had vowed du∣ring the War. Ovid,

* 1.64Mars ades, & satia scelerato sanguine ferrum, Stétque Favor causa pro meliore tuus: Templa feres; &, me Victore, vocaberis ULTOR. Voverat, & fuso laetus ab hoste redit.

Glut Steel, O Mars, with impious Blood; incline To my just Cause, a Temple shall be thine: I Conqu'rour, Thou shalt be REVENGER stil'd. He vow'd, and glad return'd, his Enemy foil'd.

The Form of the TEMPLE we have in this Coyn of Augustus,

* 1.65Num: OCTAVII Aug:

[illustration] coin

Num OCTAVIT Aug

••AR••IS VL••••••••

So when he had re-taken the Colours from the Parthians, which Crassus had lost,* 1.66 he gave him the Title of BIS-ƲLTOR. Ovid,

Ritè Deo Templúmque datum, noménque BIS-ULTOR, Emeritus voti debita solvit honor.

The God BIS-ULTOR stil'd, his Temple made, So he his Vows devoutly paid.

We finde also mention of MARS ƲLTOR in an ancient Inscription in Gruter.* 1.67

D. M.
T. FLAVIO. AUG. LIB.
LIBERALI. AEDITUO
MARTIS. ULTORIS
CLAUDIA. EX OCHE
CONJUGI
BENEMERENTI. ET.
SIBI. FECIT.
VIXIT. ANN. LVII.

The Motto beneath the Trophy is taken out of Virgil who spoke it of those, who were, for the like Crimes, condemn'd to the Pains of Erebus, as he closes the Description of it in the Sixth of his Aeneis,

Hîc quibus invisi fratres, dum vita manebat, Pulsatúsve parens, & fraus innexa clienti; Aut qui divitiis soli incubuêre repertis, Nec partem posuêre suis; (quae maxima turba est;) Quíque ob adulterium caesi, quíque arma sequuti Impia, nec veriti dominorum fallere dextras; Inclusi poenam expectant: nè quaere doceri, Quam poenam; aut quae forma viros, fortunáve mersit. Saxum ingens volvunt alii, radiísque rotarum Districti pendent: sedet, aeternúmque sedebit Infelix Theseus: Phlegyâsque miserrimus omnes Admonet, & magnâ testatur voce per umbras, "Discite justitiam moniti, & non temnere Divos. Vendidit hic auro patriam, dominúmque potentem Imposuit; fixit leges pretio, atque refixit; Hic thalamum invasit natae, vetitósque Hymenaeos: Ausi omnes immane nefas, ausóque potiti.

Here Brother-haters are with Pains repai'd, Who slew their Parents, or their Friends betrai'd; Or brooding lay on Golden Heaps alone, These thousands are, which did impart to none; Those in Adult'ry slain; or those rebel, And did their native Prince to Traitors sell, Here meet their Dooms; seek not these Woes to sound, Nor by what way Fate did their Souls confound: These rowl huge Stones, and stretch'd on Wheels do lie; There Theseus sits, and shall eternally; Aloud, through Shades, sad Phlegyas mourning cries, Admonish'd, Justice learn, nor Gods despise. This to a potent Prince his Country sold, And Laws enacted, and repeal'd for Gold; That beds his Daughter, and no Incest spar'd: All dar'd bold Crimes, and thriv'd in what they dar'd.

The Painting over the Middle Arch represents the King, mounted in calm Motion, USURPATION flying before him, a Figure with many ill-favoured Heads, some bigger, some lesser, and one parti∣cularly shooting out of his Shoulder, like CROMWEL'S; Another Head upon his Rump, or Tayl; Two Harpies with a Crown, chased by an Angel; Hell's Jaws opening. Ʋnder the said Represen∣tation of the King pursuing Usurpation is this Motto,

VOLVENDA DIES EN ATTULIT ULTRO,

Taken out of the Ninth Book of the Aeneis,

Turne, quod optanti Divûm promittere nemo Auderet, volvenda dies, en! attulit ultró.

What none of all the Gods durst grant, implor'd, Successive Time does of its own accord.

The Harpies were described by the Ancients with the Faces of Vir∣gins. Hesiod,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,* 1.68 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Aello, and Ocupet, Harpyes, who, Fair-hair'd, the Winds, and nimble Birds pursue, Born on swift Wings.—

and Virgil,* 1.69

—Quas dira Celaeno,* 1.70 Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineia postquàm Clausa domus, mensásque metu liquêre priores. Tristius haud illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla Pestis, & ira Deûm, Stygiis sese extulit undis. Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris Proluvies, uncaeque manus, & pallida semper Ora fame.

Where dire Celaeno other Harpyies led, When frighted they from Phineas Table fled. No Monster like to these, no Plague more fell, Nor sharper Vengeance Heav'n e're call'd from Hell. The Fowl have Virgin Faces, and hook'd Claws, Still purging Bellies, always greedy Maws, With Hunger pale.—

The Form of these Harpyies is to be seen in Sculpture in the Church of Saint Martin at Venice, frequented, as a Master-Piece to draw these Monsters by, both by Carvers, and Painters; says Erythraeus on this place of Virgil. They were expressed also with crooked Claws, from whence they were called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Apollonius,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉* 1.71 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.—

But Harpyies, hurried swiftly through the Air, From Mouth, and Hands, with griping Talons tear Still all away. —

Rutilius Numantianus, in his Itinerary,

Harpyiae, quarum discerpitur unguibus Orbis, Quae pede glutineo quae tetigêre trahunt.

Harpyies, who rend the World, whose Bird-lime Feet, And Talons, bear away whate're they meet.

There is a Coyn yet extant of L. Valerius, where we have an Har∣pye thus represented,

[illustration] coin

L. VAL••••IVS

* 1.72That they had Wings, we finde in Aeschylus, who, mentioning the Furies asleep about Orestes, doubting what they should be, says, they could not be Harpyies (for he had seen them often painted robbing Phi∣neus's Table) because they had no Wings.

Above the Arch, on two Pedestals, South-ward, and North-ward, stand the Statues of King JAMES, and King CHARLES the First. In the middle somewhat higher, just over the Arch, the Statue of His Sacred Majesty. Ʋnder that of King JAMES,

DIVO JACOBO.

Ʋnder that of King CHARLES the First,

DIVO CAROLO.

Ʋnder that of His Majesty this following Inscription,

D. N. CAROLO II.
D. G. BRITANNIARUM IMP.
OPT. MAX.
UBIQVE VENERANDO,
SEMPER AUG.
BEATISSIMO AC PIISSIMO,
BONO REIP. NATO,
DE AVITA BRITANNIA,
DE OMNIUM HOMINUM GENERE
MERITISSIMO,
P. P.
EXTINCTORI TYRANNIDIS,
RESTITUTORI LIBERTATIS,
FUNDATORI QUIETIS,
OB FELICEM REDITUM,
EX VOTO L. M.
P.
S. P. Q. L.

The Title of DIVƲS was constantly attributed by the Romans to their Emperours after their Consecration, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Ovid, of Julius Caesar,

Hanc animam intereà, caeso de corpore raptam, Fac Jubar, ut semper Capitolia nostra, Forúmque, DIVUS ab excelsa prospectet Julius aede.

Mean while from his slain Corps his Soul convay Up to the Stars, and give it a clear Ray: That he, now DIVƲS, may with influence Shine on our Capitol, and Court from thence.

Aelius Spartianus; Hadrianus, rogante Antonino, DIVƲS à Senatu appellatus est: Hadrian, at the request of Antoninus his Successour, had the Title of DIVUS granted him by the Senate. So Claudian feigns the Emperour Theodosius to assume that Title immediately upon his death,

— Cùm DIVUS abirem, Res incompositas, fateor, tumidásque reliqui.

When I a GOD went hence, I left, 'tis true, The bus'ness hard, and much unsettled too.

After which Consecration they had Temples dedicated to them, (which Augustus admitted, while he was yet alive) Flamens, and Ʋnder-Priests. Seneca of Augustus,

* 1.73Pietate gnati factus eximiâ Deus, Post fata consecratus, & Templis datus.

Made by his Son's great Piety a God, Temples he built for him, and Altars had.

* 1.74Sic ille patriae primus Augustus parens Complexus astra est, colitur & Templis Deus.

Thus the first Father of his Countrey had In Heav'n a place, and worship'd as a God.

Spartian, Qui Templum ei pro Sepulchro apud Puteolos constituit, & Quinquennale certamen, & Flamen, & Sodales, & multa alia, quae ad ho∣norem quasi Numinis pertinerent. The Senate erected him (Hadrian) a Temple for a Sepulchre at Puzzolo, with a Quinquennial Game, a Flamen, and Sodales, and many other things belonging to the Honour of a God. The Flamen, and Sodales of the deceased Emperour, we often meet with in an∣cient Inscriptions, as of Caesar's Flamen,

M. PUBLICIO
M. F. SAB. SEXTIO
CALPURNIANO
EQVO. PUBLICO
FLAM. DIVI. JULI
PRAEF. AEDIL. POT
QUAESTOR. AERAR
SACERD. JUVEN. BRIX
COLLEGIA
CENTON. ET. FABROR.

and of Hadrian's Sodales,

L. FABIO. M. F. GAL. CILONI
SEPTIMINO. COS. PRAEF. URB
LEGG. AUGG. PR. PR. PANNON
SUPER DUCI. VEXILL. LEG. PRO
PR. PROVINCIAR. MOESIAE SUPER
PONTI ET BITHYNIAE
COMITI. AUG. LEG. AUGG. PRO
PR. PROV. GALATIAE PRAEF.
AER. MILITARIS. PROV.
COS. ITEM. Q. LEG. PROV. NARBONENS
LEG. LEG. XVI. FL. F. SAMOSATE
SODAL. HADRIANAL
PR. URB. TRIB. PLEB. Q. PROV
CRETAE. TRIB. LEG. XI. CL.
X. VIR STLITIB. JUDICANDIS
MEDIOLANENSIS
PATRONO.

The manner, and solemnity of their Consecrations is at large delivered by† 1.75 Herodian. There was a four-square Pile built of several Stories, fill'd with combustible matter; in the second was laid the Body of the deceased Emperour: in the uppermost, and least of the Stories was held an Eagle. As soon as the Pile was set on fire, the Eagle was let fly: which the Romans think carries the Emperour's Soul from Earth to Heaven. From which time he is worship'd with the rest of the Gods. The Form of the Funeral Pile, and the manner of their Translation into Heaven, we finde in many Coyns of the Emperours: as in these of Antoninus Pius, and L. Verus,

[illustration] coin obverse

DIVVS ANTONINVS

[illustration] coin reverse

CONSECRATIO SC

[illustration] coin obverse

DIVVS VERVS

[illustration] coin reverse

CONSECRATIO

Claudian ha's presumed to tell us the way they went thither, speaking of the Death of THEODOSIUS,* 1.76

—nec plura loquutus, Sicut erat, liquido signavit tramite nubes, Ingreditúrque globum Lunae, luménque reliquit Arcadis, & Veneris clementes pervolat auras. Hinc Phoebi permensus iter, flammámque nocentem Gradivi, placidúmque Jovem, stetit arce supremâ, Algenti quo zona riget Saturnia tractu. Machina laxatur coeli, rutilaeque patescunt Sponte fores. Arctoa parat convexa Boötes, Australes reserat portas succinctus Orion, Invitántque novum sidus, pendéntque vicissim, Quas partes velit ille sequi, quibus esse sodalis Dignetur stellis, aut quâ regione moveri.

—nor more he said, But through the yielding Clouds his passage made, And reach'd the Moon, then Mercury forsakes, And to the milder Sphere of Venus makes: Thence to the Sun, and Mars malignant fire, And milder Jove; then mounts the highest Sphere; Where in a colder Circle Saturn lords. Heaven's Purple Gates ope of their own accords. Him to his Northern Car Boötes courts, Orion girt unlocks the Southern Ports, And the new Star invite: both him intreat He would vouchsafe to nominate his Seat; What Stars for his Associates he approv'd, And in which Constellation would be mov'd.

They questioned not the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 even of the worst of their Emper∣ours; as we see in these Verses of Lucan on Nero, that Prodigie of Nature,

—Te, cùm, statione peractâ, Astra petes serus, praelati regia coeli Excipiet gaudente polo: seu sceptra tenere, Seu te flammiferos Phoebi transcendere currus, Tellurémque, nihil mutato Sole timentem, Igne vago lustrare juvat: tibi Numine ab omni Cedetur, juríque tuo Natura relinquet, Quis Deus esse velis ubi regnum ponere mundi. Sed neque in Arctoo sedem tibi legeris orbe; Nec polus adversi calidus quà vergitur Austri; Ʋnde tuam videas obliquo sidere Romam. Aetheris immensi partem si presseris unam, Sentiet axis onus: librati pondera coeli Orbe tene medio: pars aetheris illa sereni Tota vacet, nullaeque obstent à Caesare nubes.

— Thee, ah! when, late, thou us shalt leave, Courts pav'd with Stars shall joyfully receive, Inviting thee to govern, or to sway In Phoebus Chariot, and command the day: Earth will not fear to see a newer Sun With brighter Raies through th'old Eclipticks run. Thee those, whom Heav'n's Apartiments enclose, And Nature leaves unto thy own dispose, To be what God thou wilt, and where to raign: But not thy Palace near the Northern Wain; Nor Southern Stars intemperate Heat, erect, Rome to behold with an oblique Aspect: Sit in the middle, lest the Pole should crack Under thy weight; poise the bright Zodiack, Clear a Celestial House, where never Cloud Shall Caesar's Star with duskie Vapours shroud.

We finde like expressions to those in the Inscription under His present Majesty, in several of the old ones collected by Gruter; as Page CLII. 8.

DN. GLORIOSISS. ADQ. IN
CLUTUS. REX. THEODORICUS. VICT.
AC. TRIF. SEMPER. AUG. BONO REIP.
NATUS. CUSTOS. LIBERTATIS. ET
PROPAGATOR. ROMANI. NOMINIS.
DOMITOR. GENTIUM.

And Page CCXLVII. 3.

IMP. CAES. NER. TRAIANO
AUG. GERM. DAC. PARTH. PON
MAX. TR. P. XV. COS. VI. P. P. DE
ROM. IMPERIO. DE. PATERNA
ET. AVITA. HISP. PATRIA. ET. DE
OMNI. HOMIN. GEN. MERITISS
POPULARES. PROVINC
AREVATUM
OPTIMO. PRINC.

Behind the said Figure of CHARLES the Second, in a large Table is deciphered the ROYAL OAK bearing Crowns, and Scepters, instead of Acorns; amongst the Leaves, in a Label,

MIRATURQVE NOVAS FRONDES ET NON SUA POMA.

—"Leaves unknown "Admiring, and strange Apples not her Own.

As designing its Reward for the Shelter afforded His Majesty after the Fight at Worcester: an expression of Virgil's, speaking of the Advancement of Fruits by the Art of Graffing.

The upper Paintings on the East-side are Ruinous, representing the Disorder the Kingdom was in, during His Majestie's Absence; with this Motto,

EN QVO DISCORDIA CIVES!

But on the West-side they are finished, to represent the Restauration of our Happiness by His Majestie's Arrival; the Motto,

FELIX TEMPORUM REPARATIO.

On the Royal Oak in a Label,

ROBUR BRITANNICUM.

In allusion to His Majestie's Royal Navy, those Floating Garri∣sons made of Oak. For Themistocles ha's observ'd, that† 1.77 Whosoever de∣sires a secure Dominion by Land, must first get the Dominion of the Sea. And therefore, when the Oracle, in the Median War, wish'd the Athenians to provide a Wall of Wood for their Defence, he* 1.78 interpreted it a Navy.

Over the Great Table, REDEUNT SATURNIA REGNA.

Which are at large described by† 1.79 Ovid,

Aurea prima sata est aetas; quae, vindice nullo, Sponte suâ, sine lege, fidem, rectúmque colebat, &c.

The Golden Age was first; which, uncompel'd, And without rule, in Faith, and Truth excel'd, As then, there was nor Punishment, nor Fear, Nor threatning Laws in Brass prescribed were. Nor suppliant crouching Pris'ners shook to see Their angry Judge: but all was safe, and free. To visit other Worlds no wounded Pine Did yet from Hills to faithless Seas decline. Then unambitious Mortals knew no more, But their own Countrie's Nature-bounded Shore. Nor Swords, nor Arms were yet: no Trenches round Besieged Towns, nor strifeful Trumpet's sound. The Souldier of no use. In firm content, And harmless ease, their happy days were spent. The yet-free Earth did of her own accord (Ʋntorn with Ploughs) all sorts of Fruit afford. 'Twas always Spring: warm Zephyrus sweetly blew On smiling Flowers, which without setting grew. Forthwith the Earth Corn, unmanured, bears; And ev'ry year renews her Golden Ears. With Milk, and Nectar, vvere the Rivers fill'd, And Honey from green Holly-Oaks distill'd. Mr. SANDYS.

Ʋnder King CHARLES the Second,

RESTITUTOR URBIS.

The Painting on the South-west side represents the Lord Mayor; deli∣vering to the King the Keys of the City.

In the Niches are four Figures. The first on the South-side, a Woman in pleasant Colours; the Emblem on her Shield, a Terrestrial Globe; the Sun rising, Bats, and Owls flying to the Shadovv: the Word,

EXCOECAT CANDOR.

The Second hath on her Escutcheon a Swarm of Bees, whetting their Stings: the Word,

PRO REGE EXACUUNT.

Pliny ha's observed, that of Animals none, but a Bee, ha's a King. Their Loyalty to him he ha's at large described.* 1.80 The Obedience of the Communalty is to be admired. Whensoever the KING goes forth, the whole Hive accompanie him, gather round about him, encom∣pass him, protect him, and suffer him not to be seen. Whensoever the Com∣munalty is at work, he oversees them, and is alone free from the labour. About him there is constantly a certain Guard, the daily preservers of his authority. When they go forth, every one desires to be next the King, and rejoyces to be seen in his duty. When he is weary, they ease him with their shoulders: when he is altogether tired, they carry him.

Claudian says, that they reverence their Prince at his Birth;

—sic mollibus olim Stridula ducturum pratis examina Regem Nascentem venerantur apes. —

So for their new-born King the Bees take Arms, Who's through the Meads to lead their humming swarms.

From whence the Aegyptians made a BEE the Hieroglyphick of a Loyal People.

The Third, on the North side, hath on her Shield a Mountain burn∣ing, Cities, and Vine-yards destroyed, and ruined: the Word, IMPIA FOEDERA.

The Covenant: in abhorrence of which villainous Combination, according to this Order of both Houses, it was burnt by the Com∣mon Hangman.

Die Lunae 20. Maii 1661.

THE Lords in Parliament assembled, having considered of a Paper sent unto them from the House of Commons, for burning of the Instrument, or Writing, called The Solemn League, or Covenant, by the Hands of the Common Hangman; Do Order, that the said Instrument, or Writing, called The Solemn League, and Co∣venant, be burned by the Hand of the Common Hangman in the New-Pa∣lace at Westminster, in Cheapside, and before the Old-Exchange on Wednesday the Twenty second of this instant May. And that the said Covenant be forthwith taken off the Record in the House of Peers, and in all other Courts, and Places, where the same is recorded; And that all Copies thereof be taken down out of all Churches, Chapels, and other publick places in England, and Wales, and in the Town of Barwick upon Twede, where the same are set up.

JO. BROWN Cleric. Parliamentorum.

The Fourth hath on her Escutcheon an Arm, as it were out of the Clouds; in the Hand a naked Sword: the Motto, DISCITE JUSTITIAM MONITI.

Eight Mutes above, on Pedestals; four in White, four in Crim∣son.

The Musick of this Fabrick is ten Drummers, flanking REBELLION; twelve Trumpets flanking MONARCHY.

Aloft under the two Devastations, twelve Trumpets, four Drums.

Within the Arch, on two Balconies, six Trumpets, four Drums.

While the Train passeth along, the Drums beat the Marches of se∣veral Countries, and the Trumpets sound several Levets. At which Time His Majesty drawing near, the Drums turn their March to a Battel, the Trumpets sound a Charge, and on a sud∣den REBELLION rowseth up her Self, at which, Drums, and Trumpets ceasing, REBELLION addresses to His Majesty the following Speech.

Stand! Stand! who 'ere You are! this Stage is Ours, The Names of Princes are inscrib'd on Flow'rs, And wither with them! Stand! You must Me know, To Kings, and Monarchy a deadly Fo; Me, who dare bid You 'midst Your Triumphs stand, In the great City of Your Native Land: I am Hell's Daughter, Satan's Eldest Child, When I first cry'd, the Powers of Darkness smil'd, And my Glad Father, Thund'ring at my Birth, Ʋnhing'd the Poles, and shook the fixed Earth. My dear Rebellion (that shall be thy Name, Said He) Thou Emperours, and Kings shalt tame, No Right so good, Succession none so long, But thou shalt vanquish by the Popular Throng, Those Legions, which t'enlarge our Pow'r we send Throughout the World, shall Thee (my Dear) attend. Our mighty Champions, the Sev'n Deadly Sins, By Malice, Profit, Pleasure, all their Gins, Bring to our Kingdom some few spotted Souls; Thou shalt by Treason hurry them in Shoals.

Would You now know what Int'rest I have here? Hydra I ride: great Cities are my Sphear: I Sorc'ry use, and hang Men in their Beds, With Common-wealths, and Rotas fill their Heads, Making the Vulgar in Fanatique Swarms Court Civil War, and dote on Horrid Arms; 'Twas I, who, in the late unnatural Broils, Engag'd three Kingdoms, and two Wealthy Isles: I hope, at last, to march with Flags unfurl'd, And tread down Monarchy through all the World.

At which Words, Monarchy, and Loyalty, unveiling themselves, Rebellion starts as affrighted, but, recollecting her self, concludes her Speech thus.

Ah! Britain, Ah! stand'st thou Triumphant there, Monarchick Isle? I shake with horrid Fear. Are thy Wounds whole? Ʋpon thy Cheek fresh Smiles? Is Joy restor'd to these late mournful Isles? Ah! must He enter, and a King be Crown'd? Then, as He riseth, sink we under Ground.

Rebellion having ended her Speech, Monarchy entertains His Maje∣sty with the following.

To Hell, foul Fiend, shrink from this glorious Light, And hide thy Head in everlasting Night. Enter in Safety, Royal Sir, this Arch, And through your joyful Streets in Triumph march; Enter our Sun, our Comfort, and our Life. No more these Walls shall breed Intestine Strife: Henceforth Your People onely shall contend In Loyalty each other to transcend. May Your Great Actions, and immortal Name, Be the whole Business, and Delight of Fame. May You, and Yours, in a Perpetual Calm Be Crown'd with Laurel, and Triumphant Palm, And all Confess, whilst they in You are Blest, I, MONARCHY, of Governments am Best.

Monarchy having ended her Speech, the Trumpets sound pleasant Levets, and the Drums beat a lofty English March, whilst His Majesty, the Nobility, and the Rear-Guard pass on.

The next Entertainment is at Corn-hill-Conduit, on the top of which stand eight Nymphs clad in White, each having an Escutcheon in one Hand, and a Pendent, or Banner in the other. On the Tower of the said Conduit, a Noise of seven Trumpets.

[illustration] archway

THE SECOND ARCH.

NEAR the Exchange, in Corn-hill, is erected the Second Arch, which is Naval.

On the East-side were two Stages erected; on each side of the Street, one. In that on the South-side was a Person representing the River Thames; his Garment Loose, and Flowing, Colour Blew and White, waved like Water, a Mantle over, like a Sail; his Head crown'd with London Bridg, Flags, and Ozier, like long Hair, falling o'ver his Shoulders, his Beard long, Sea-green, and White, curl'd; an Oar in his right Hand, the Model of a Ship in his left, an Ʋrn beside him, out of which issued Water; four Attendants in White, represent∣ing the four fresh Streams, which fall into the River Thames, viz. Charwel, Lea, Coln, and Medway.

The Antients did very much differ in the Description of their Ri∣vers, as Aelian* 2.1 relates. Those, that worship Rivers, and those, that make their Images, some form them in the likeness of Men, others in the likeness of Oxen. The Stymphalians liken the Rivers Erasinus and Metope, the Lacedaemonians Eurotas, the Sicyonians and Phliasians Asopus, the Argives Cephissus, unto Oxen. The Psophidians liken Eryman∣thus, the Heraeans Alphaeus, the Cherronesians, that came from Cni∣dus, the River Cnidus, to Men. The Athenians worship the River Ce∣phissus under the form of a Man, but wearing Horns. In Sicily the Syra∣cusians liken Anapus to a Man, but the Fountain Cyane to a Woman. Vir∣gil* 2.2 describes Eridanus in the Form of an Ox.

Et gemina auratus taurino cornua vultu Eridanus, quo non alius per pinguia culta In mare purpureum violentior influit amnis.

Golden Eridanus, with a double Horn, Fac'd like a Bull, through fertile Fields of Corn, Then whom, none swifter, of the Ocean's Sons, Down to the Purple Adriatick runs.

On which place says Probus; It's feign'd like a Bull, either because its noise is like the lowing of a Bull, or because its Banks are crooked like Horns. The same says Cornutus. The Scholiast on Sophocles renders other rea∣sons, either because they cut the ground like Oxen; or because Meadows, Pasture of Oxen, are always adjacent to them. HORACE; tauriformis Aufidus. So we finde in Pindar that the Bull,† 2.3 which Perillus gave to the Tyrant Phalaris, was the Image of the River Gelon. Very fre∣quently we finde Horns attributed to them: as in Virgil* 2.4,

Corniger Hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum, Adsis ô tandem, propius tua numina firmes.

Horn'd Flood, of all th' Hesperian Rivers King, Now shew thy power, and us assistance bring.

Ovid,

Cornibus hic fractis, viridi malè tectus ab ulva, Decolor ipse suo sanguine Rhenus erat.

Here Rhine with Vine and Reeds ill cover'd stood, His Horns being broke, distain'd with Native Blood.

Claudian,

* 2.5—Rhenùmque minacem Cornibus infractis adeò mitescere cogis.

— and threatning Rhyne; His Horns being broke, thou did'st to Peace incline.

And again of Eridanus,

* 2.6— ille caput placidis sublime fluentis Extulit, & totis lucem spargentia ripis.

Aurea roranti micuerunt cornua vultu: Non illi madidum vulgaris arundine crinem Velat honos: rami caput umbravêre virentes Heliadum, totísque fluunt electra capillis. Palla tegit latos humeros; currúque paterno Intextus Phaëthon glaucos incendit amictus.

Raising his Head above his Wat'ry Ranks, His Golden Horns, reflecting, tip'd the Banks With sprinkled light. Drops trickling from his Face: He his moist Hair veil'd not with Oziers base, And vulgar Reeds: fresh Pop'lars Shade his Brows, And Amber from his curled Tresses flows. A Robe his Shoulders hides; Phaethon's wrought there, His blew Vest burning in his Father's Chair.

So we finde them also in the form of a Man. As the River Rhene, as it is supposed: which Statue is still extant in Rome lying in a Rock, vulgarly call'd Marforium from Mars's Temple in foro Augusti, his Hair and Beard long, as if dropping with Water; just as Claudian† 2.7 describes the River Tyber,

Illi glauca nitent hirsuto lumina vultu, &c. Distillant per pectus aquae, frons hispida manat Imbribus, in liquidos fontes se barba resolvit.

His blew Eyes shine under his beetle Brows, &c. His Fore-head swims, Water his Breast distills. And his rough Beard dissolves in Crystal Rills.

And the River Danubius in the Coyns of the Emperours Trajan, and Constantine,* 2.8

[illustration] coin obverse

S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCI•••• DANVVIVS

[illustration] coin reverse

SALVS REIP. DANVBIVS

Their Heads were ordinarily environ'd with Reeds, Oziers, and the like. Ovid,* 2.9 relating the Fable of Acis turn'd into a River,

— subitò mediâ tenùs extitit alvo Incinctus juvenis flexis nova cornua cànnis.

From whence a Youth arose above the waste, His horned Brows with quiv'ring Reeds imbrac't.

Virgil,† 2.10 of Tyber, the King of Rivers,

Huic Deus ipse loci fluvio Tyberinus amoeno Populeas inter senior se attollere frondes Visus. Eum tenuis glauco velabat amictu Carbasus, & crines umbrosa tegebat arundo.

The Genius of the Place, old Tyber, here Amongst the Pop'lar Branches did appear. Of finest Linen were his Azure Weeds, And his moist Tresses crown'd with shady Reeds.

where we may observe, that Virgil gives him a Sail for his Mantle.

Claudian* 2.11 of Tyber,

—crispo densantur gramine colla: Vertice luxuriat toto crinalis arundo, &c.

—taurina levantur Cornua temporibus raucos sudantia rivos, &c. Palla graves humeros velat, quam neverat uxor Ilia, percurrens vitreas sub gurgite telas.

—his Neck ripe Harvest bound; An interwoven Reed his Temples crown'd, &c. — And from his rising Horns distils A Sweat, which swells to Crystal Rills, &c. A Vest he wore, which Ilia, his Spouse With Crystal Looms wove in her Wat'ry House

OVID,* 2.12

— capitis quoque fronde salignâ Aut superimpositâ celatur arundine damnum.

— the damage of his Brows He shades with flaggie Wreaths, and sallow Boughs.

The Statue indeed of the River Tyber, now extant in Rome, ha's its Head inviron'd with several sorts of Leaves, and Fruits, to signifie the fertility of the places near it, caused by the same: yet it recedes not so far from the Fiction of the Poets, but that it holds a Reed in its Hand. And the reason is, because these thrive best in watry places.

They are ordinarily described too leaning on an Ʋrn, out of which issues Water.

VIRGIL, describing the Shield of Turnus,

Caelatâque amnem fundens pater Inachus Ʋrnâ. And Inachus powrs Water from his Ʋrn.

CLAUDIAN† 2.13 of Eridanus,

Fultáque sub gremio caelatis nobilis astris Aethereum probat urna decus.—

An Urn he bore, grav'd with Coelestial Signs That prov'd his high descent.—

So is Danubius represented in the Coyns now mentioned. There is a little Image of Nile leaning on its right Hand, with its left Hand powring out Water from three Urns with one handle, about which play sixteen little Children. Why Nile should be figured with three Urns, this reason is given: because the Aegyptian Priests attributed the encrease of it to three several causes especially, rejecting all other opi∣nions, which were innumerable. The sixteen Children are the Hieroglyphick of sixteen Cubits, the proper encrease of the River Nile: for, if it swelled higher, it caused dearth: for, by how much the more it swell'd, so much the longer it was before it return'd into its Channel, by which means the Seed-time was lost: if much under fifteen, it irrigated not the whole Land, and so part was unfit to receive Seed. PLINY; Justum incrementum est cubitorum sedecim. Minores aquae non omnia rigant; ampliores detinent, tardiùs recedendo. Hae serendi tempora absumunt, illae non dant sitiente. Ʋtrumque reputat Provincia. In duode∣cim cubitis famem sentit, in tredecim etiamnum esurit, quatuordecim cubita hilaritatem afferunt, quindecim securitatem, sexdecim delicias. There was also not long since a Marble Coloss of the River Nile digg'd up at Rome with sixteen Infants playing about it. And so doth Philostratus describe it.

Of the falling of the Mole, and Medway into the Thames, Draigh∣ton ha's feigned a pleasant Relation.

At length it came to pass, that Isis, and her Tame, Of Medway understood, a Nymph of wond'rous Fame. And much desirous were their Princely Tames should prove If, as a Wooer, he could win her Maiden-love. That of so great descent, and of so large a Dovver Might vvell allie their House, and much encrease his Power: And striving to prefer their Son the best they may, Set forth the lusty Flood in rich and brave Array; Bank'd vvith imbroidered Meads, of sundry suits of Flowrs, His Breast adorn'd vvith Swans, oft vvash'd vvith Silver Showrs:

A Train of gallant Floods, at such a costly rate, As might beseem their care, and fitting his Estate.

Attended, and attired magnificently, thus They send him to the Court of great Oceanus, The World's huge Wealth to see; yet with a full intent, To woo the lovely Nymph, fair Medway, as he went. Who to his Dame and Sire his duty scarce had done, And whilst they sadly wept at parting of their Son, See what the Tames befel, when 'twas suspected least.

As still his goodly Train yet ev'ry hour encreast, And from the Surrian Shores clear Wey came down to meet His Greatness, whom the Tames so graciously doth greet, That with the Fearn-crown'd Flood he, Minion-like, doth play; Yet is not this the Brook enticeth him to stay: But, as they thus in pomp came sporting on the shole, 'Gainst Hampton-Court he meets the soft and gentle Mole; Whose eyes so pierc'd his Breast, that seeming to foreslow The way, which he so long-intended was to go, With trifling up and down he wandreth here and there, And that he in her sight transparent might appear, Applies himself to Fords, and setteth his delight On that, which most might make him gracious in her sight.

Then Isis and the Tame from their conjoyned Bed, Desirous still to learn how Tames their Son had sped, (For greatly they had hop'd, his time had so been spent, That he e're this had won the goodly Heir of Kent) And, sending to enquire, had News return'd again (By such as they employ'd on purpose in his Train) How this their onely Heir, the Isle's imperial Flood, Had loiter'd thus in love, neglectful of his good.

No mervail at the News, though Owse and Tame were sad, More comfort of their Son expecting to have had,

Nor blame them, in their looks much sorrow though they show'd, Who, fearing lest he might thus meanly be bestow'd, And knowing danger still increased by delay, Employ their utmost pow'r to hasten him away. But Tames would hardly on: oft turning back to show, From his much-loved Mole how loth he was to go.

The Mother of the Mole, old Homes-dale, likewise bears The affection of her Childe, as ill as they do theirs: Who, nobly though deriv'd, yet could have been content, T'have match'd her with a Flood of far more mean descent. But Mole respects her words, as vain and idle Dreams, Compar'd with that high joy to be belov'd of Tames; And head-long holds her course his Company to win: But Homes-dale raised Hills, to keep the stragler in; That of her Daughter's stay she need no more to doubt: (Yet never was there help, but Love could finde it out.) Mole digs her self a Path, by working Day and Night, (According to her Name, to shew her Nature right) And underneath the Earth for three miles space doth creep, Till gotten out of sight, quite from her Mother's keep, Her fore-intended course the wanton Nymph doth run, As longing to embrace old Tame and Isis Son.

When Tames now understood, what pains the Mole did take, How far the loving Nymph adventur'd for his sake; Although with Medway match'd, yet never could remove The often-quickning sparks of his more antient love. So that it comes to pass, when by great Nature's guide The Ocean doth return, and thrusteth-in the Tide, Ʋp, tow'rds the place, where first his much-lov'd Mole was seen, He ever since doth flow, beyond delightful Sheen.

Mr. DRAYTON in his Poly-Olbion.

In the other Stage on the North-side, which is made like the upper Deck of a Ship, were three Sea-men, whereof one habited like a Boat-Swain.

A Shield, or Table, in the Front of the Arch, bears this Inscription,

NEPTUNO BRITANNICO,
CAROLO II,
CUJUS ARBITRIO
MARE
VEL LIBERUM,
VEL CLAUSUM.

The Dominion of the Sea (signified here by this Inscription) ha's been in all Ages so remarkable, that, when the Grecian Chronographers could finde no Foot-step of Supreme Empire by Land, before the institution of their Olympiads, on whose Actions they could found their Chronogra∣phy, they directed the Series of Time according to the succession of those Nations, who had the Empire of the Sea: which we see in† 2.14 Eu∣sebius; who reckons up nine several Nations, who successively held it, before the institution of the Olympiads, and distinctly enumerates the years they retain'd it. The same right the Grecians challenged in their League with Artaxerxes, King of a vast part of ASIA, after the over∣throw of his Naval Forces by Cimon the Athenian Admiral, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. That he should not within a Horse Race approach the Greek Sea, nor sail within the Cyanean, and Chelidonian Islands with any Man of War. The same Dominion of the Sea was afterwards assumed by the Romans, as we finde by the Commission granted to Pompey, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. That he should have the Em∣pire of the Sea vvithin the Streights, and of the Continent for four hundred Stadia from the Sea. And not long after Dionysius Halicarnassaeus says,* 2.15 That Rome was Empress of the whole Sea, not onely of that within the

Streights, but of the Ocean it self, as far as it was Navigable. Whence Augustus had a Dolphin in his Coyns to signifie that Dominion,

And* 2.16 Valerius Maximus, to Tiberius the Emperour, The Consent both of Gods and Men ha's constituted you Governour of Sea, and Land. After∣wards Claudian† 2.17,

— terrae dominos pelagíque futuros, Immenso decuit rerum de Principe nasci.

Those, who must rule both Sea, and Land, Ought to be Princes Sons of great Command.

And sure, if any Nation may plead Prescription for this Title, the King of ENGLAND may, having had a longer uninterrupted Suc∣cession in the Dominion of the BRITTISH Seas, then the ROMANS in the Mediterranean, or any other Nation, that History ha's acquaint∣ed us with. The Antiquity whereof being purposely, and at large de∣clared by Mr. SELDEN, we shall onely take notice of two Records of it, the one taken out of the Laws of Hoëlus Dha, Prince of WALES, about the Year, 982. viz. Quos cum Cunadio Rege Scotorum, Malcolmo Rege Cambrorum, & Maccusio Archipirata, ad civitatem Legionum sibi occurrentes, Rex Anglorum Eadgarus in Triumphi pompam deducebat. Ʋnà enim impositos remigrare eos hanc coegit, dum in Prora ipse sedens Navis tennit gubernaculum: ut se hoc spectaculo Soli & Sali orbis Britan∣nici Dominum praedicaret, & Monarcham. The other is a Record in the Tower of London, entituled De superioritate maris Angliae, &c. in which it evidently appears, that the Dominion of the Brittish Seas belong'd to the Kings of England time out of mind, even before Edward the First, and was so acknowledged by other Neighbouring Nations; out of

which we shall onely extract so much as may serve for our present purpose, viz. That the Procuratours of the Admiral of the Sea of En∣gland, and of other places, as of the Sea Coasts, as of Genoa, Catalonia, Spain, Almain, Zealand, Holland, Freezland, Denmark, and Norway, do shew that the Kings of England, time out of mind, have been in peaceable possession of the Seas of England, in making, and establishing Laws, and Sta∣tutes, and Restraints of Arms, and of Ships, &c. and in taking Surety, &c. and in ordering all other things necessary for the maintaining of Peace, Right, and Equity, &c. and in doing Justice, Right, and Law, according to the said Laws, Ordinances, and Restraints, and in all other things, which may apper∣tain to the exercise of Sovereign Dominion in the places aforesaid.

The first Painting on the North side over the City-Arms, represents NEPTUNE, with his Trident advanced; the Inscription, NEPTUNO REDUCI.

NEPTUNE'S Statue is seldom seen without a Trident in its hand. Pausanias† 2.18, Within the Temple there is an erect Brazen Statue (of NEPTUNE) with one foot upon a Dolphin, and on that side his Hand on his Thigh; in his other Hand a Trident. And so he is every where described by the Poets.

Perque tuum, pater Aegei Neptune, Tridentem.

But more of this hereafter.

The Motto NEPTUNO REDUCI we finde in two Medaigles, the one of the Emperour Adrian, the other of Vespasian, with these Let∣ters on one side NEPT. RED. and the image of one standing na∣ked, a Mantle on his left Shoulder, in his right Hand a Whip with three Cords, in his left a Trident.

On the South-side, opposite, MARS, with his Spear inverted, his Shield charged with a Gorgon; by his Knees, the Motto, MARTI PACIFERO.

So HOMER describes the Shield of Agamemnon,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

The Sable Field charg'd with a Gorgon's Head, Mantled about with dismal Flight, and Dread:

and in another place the Armour of Pallas,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Amidst, that horrid Monster Gorgon's Head, Jove's direst Omen, fierce, and full of dread,

Pausanias; Ʋnder the Statue of Victory lies a Golden Shield, with a Gorgon wrought upon it. And it is observ'd by the Scholiast on* 2.19 Ari∣stophanes, that it was Customary among the Grecians to have a Gorgon's Head on their Shields, as he represents† 2.20 Lamachus's. The Form of this Gorgon's Head is still to be seen at Rome on the Statues of the Em∣perours Vespasian and Domitian. It was feigned with Wings, to signi∣fie the present death, that attended it: for whoever looked on it, im∣mediatly was turn'd into Stone.* 2.21 The which at large, and very ele∣gantly is declared by Ovid,

But vvhen he saw his Valour oversway'd By Multitude; I must, said he, seek aid (Since you your selves compell me) from my Foe; Friends turn your Backs: then Gorgon's Head doth show. Some others seek, said Thessalus, to fright With this thy Monster, and with all his might A deadly Dart endeavour'd to have thrown: But in that Positure became a Stone. Next Amphix, full of spirit, forward prest, And thrust his Sword at bold Lyncides Breast:

When in the Pass his Fingers stupid grow, Nor had the pow'r of moving to or fro. But Nileus (he, who with a forged stile Vaunted to be the Son of sev'n-fold Nile, And bare sev'n Silver Rivers in his Shield, Distinctly waving through a Golden Field) To Perseus said; Behold, from whence we sprung! To ever-silent Shadows bear along This comfort of thy Death, that thou did'st die By such a brave, and high-born Enemy. His utt'rance faulter'd in the latter Clause, The yet unfinish'd Word stuck in his Jaws; Who gaping stood, as he would something say, And so had done, if words had found a way. These Eryx blames; 'Tis your faint Souls, that dead Your Pow'rs, said he, and not the Gorgon's Head: Rush on with me, and prostrate with deep Wounds This Youth, who thus with Magick Arms confounds. Then rushing on, the ground his foot-steps stai'd Now mutely fix'd, an armed Statue made.

These suffer'd worthily. One, who did fight For Perseus, bold Aconteus, at the sight Of Gorgon's Snakes abortive Marble grew, On whom Astyages in fury flew, As if alive, with his two-handled Blade, Which shrilly twang'd, but no incision made. Who, whilst he wonders, the same Nature took, And now his Statue ha's a wondring look. It were too tedious for me to report Their Names, who perish'd of the vulgar sort:

Two hundred scap'd the fury of the Fight; Two hundred turn'd to stone at Gorgon's sight.

Mr. SANDYS.

The Head is thus described† 2.22 by SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS,

Gorgo tenet pectus medium, factura videnti Et truncata moras, nitet insidiosa superbùm Effigies, vivítque animâ pereunte venustas. Alta cerastarum spiris caput asperat atrum Congeries, torquet maculosa volumina mordax Crinis, & irati dant sibila tetra capilli.

The Gorgon's Head, which guards her Bosome, would Change thee to Statue, should'st thou it behold. The treach'rous Face shows proudly, and, though dead, Life's beauty keeps. Snakes, matted round her Head, In speckled Curls voluminously wreath, And biting Tresses direly-hissing breath.

PAUSANIAS* 2.23 reports, that Pallas made a City impregnable, by communicating onely a little Hair cut off from her Gorgon's Head.

The Title of PACIFER is attributed to Mars in the Roman Coyns; as in this of Quintillus, * 2.24

[illustration] coin obverse

IMP CM AVR CL. QVINTILLVS

[illustration] coin reverse

MARTI PACIFERO

So we finde, that the Romans erected a Temple to Mars Quirinus, as well as Mars Gradivus. The first had his Temple within the City:

the other without in the Appian-way, not far from the Gate. The one, with a gentle, sedate Countenance, to preserve the tranquillity, and peace of the City: the other, to go out with them in their Wars abroad. Gellius* 2.25 says, That Hersila speaking before T. Tatius, and desiring Peace, prayed on this manner, O Neria, Wife of Mars, I beseech thee to grant us Peace, that we may enjoy a during, and prosperous Marriage. And there∣fore the Olive, the Symbole of Peace, was consecrated to Pallas, the Goddess of War; because War is therefore undertaken, that a secure Peace may be enjoyed. Ideò arma inferri dicuntur, ut posteà in pace vi∣vatur, says Pliny.

"Over the Arch, the Marriage of Thame and Isis.

The Marriage of Rivers is a frequent Fiction among the Poets: as of Alpheus and Arethusa; therefore feign'd, because Alpheus, a River of Elis in the Morea, passeth through the Ocean, unmix'd, to the Ri∣ver Arethusa in the Island Ortygia, near Syracuse, a City of Sicily. Which passage ha's been often tried, as by a Cup, says† 2.26 Strabo, let fall in the Ri∣ver Alpheus in Elis, and found in Arethusa: maintain'd also by an Ora∣cle given to Archias, a Corinthian, that he should thither deduce a Colony, where Alpheus is mingled with the Fountain of Arethusa. The Marriage of these two we have described by* 2.27 OVID, where the Nymph Arethusa speaks, being ready to be turn'd into a River;

Cold Sweats my then-besieged Limbs possest: In thin thick-falling Drops my strength decreast. Where e're I step, Streams run; my Hair new fell In trickling Dew; and, sooner then I tell My Destiny, into a Flood I grew. The River his beloved Waters knew; And, putting off th'assumed shape of Man, Resumes his own, and in my Current ran. Chast Delia cleft the ground: then, through blind Caves, To lov'd Ortygia she conducts my Waves, Affected for her Name: where first I take Review of day. This Arethusa spake. Mr. SANDYS.

Thus Anapus, and Cyane are feign'd mutual Lovers; because their Waters unite,* 2.28 and run together into the Sea. OVID,

— quòd si componere magnis Parva mihi fas est; & me dilexit Anapus: Exorata tamen, nec, ùt haec, exterrita nupsi.

If humble things I may compare with great, Anapus lov'd me; yet did he intreat, And me, not frighted thus, espous'd.

The Marriage of Tibur and Ilia is frequently mention'd, OVID, speaking of both,

Atque ità se in rapidas perdita misit aquas: Supposuisse manus ad pectora lubricus amnis Dicitur, & socii jura dedisse thori.

She leap'd amidst the Stream with grief opprest: The River puts his hand beneath her Breast, And, as they say, unloos'd her Virgin-Cest.

In another place,

Nec te praetereo, qui, per cava saxa volutus, Tiburis Argaei spumifer arva rigas: Ilia cui placuit.—

Nor thee, roll'd through worn Rocks, do I pass by, Who on Tyburtian Grounds dost foaming ly: Whom Ilia pleas'd.—

SILIUS ITALICUS,* 2.29

Ad genitorem Anio labens sine murmure Tibrim. Hic, ùt signa ferox, dimensáque castra locavit,

Et ripas tremefecit eques, perterrita pulsis Ilia prima vadis sacro se conjugis antro Condidit.—

— but on, like a rude Storm, he goes To those low Banks, where Anio gently flows With Sulph'rous Waters, and with Silence, to Old Tiber's Arms; when here the Line he drew Of's Camp, and set his Standard up, and shook His Banks with's Cavalry, first Ilia, strook With Fear, flies to her Husband's sacred Cave, And all the frighted Nymphs the Water leave.

Mr. ROSS.

The Marriage of Tame and Isis, here mention'd is pleasantly re∣lated by Mr. DRAYTON† 2.30;

Now Fame had through this Ile divulg'd, in every ear, The long-expected day of Marriage to be near, That Isis, Cotswold's Heir, long-woo'd, was lastly won, And instantly should wed with Tame, old Chiltern's Son.

And now that Wood-man's Wife, the Mother of the Flood, The rich and goodly Vale of Alesbury, that stood So much upon her Tame, was busied in her Bow'rs, Preparing for her Son as many Sutes of Flow'rs, At Cotswold for the Bride, his Isis, lately made; Who for the lovely Tame, her Bridegroom, onely staid.

Whilst every Crystal Flood is to this business prest, The cause of their great speed and many thus request; O! whither go ye Floods? what suddain Winde doth blow, Then other of your kind that you so fast should flow?

What business is in hand, that spurs you thus away? Fair Windrush, let me hear, I pray thee, Charwel say: They suddainly reply, What lets, you should not see, That for this Nuptial Feast we all prepared be? Therefore this idle chat our Ears doth but offend; Our leisure serves not now these Trifles to attend.

But, whilst things are in hand, old Chiltern (for his life) From prodigal expense can no way keep his Wife; Who feeds her Tame with Marl, in Cordial-wise prepar'd, And thinks all idly spent, that now she onely spar'd In setting forth her Son: nor can she think it well, Unless her lavish charge do Cotswold's far excel. For Alesbury's a Vale, that walloweth in her Wealth, And (by her wholesom Air continually in health) Is lusty; frim, and fat, and holds her youthful strength. Besides her fruitful Earth, her mighty breadth, and length, Doth Chiltern fitly match: which mountainously high, And being very long, so likewise she doth lie; From the Bedfordian Fields, where first she doth begin, To fashion like a Vale, to th'place where Tame doth win His Isis wished Bed; her Soil throughout so sure, For goodness of her Glebe, and for her Pasture pure, That as her Grain, and Grass, so she her Sheep doth breed, For Burthen, and for Bone, all other that exceed: And she, which thus in Wealth abundantly doth flow, Now cares not on her Childe what cost she do bestow. Which when wise Chiltern saw (the World who long had try'd, And now at last had laid all garish Pomp aside; Whose hoar and chalky Head descri'd him to be old, His Beechen Woods bereft, that kept him from the Cold) Would fain perswade the Vale to hold a steddy rate; And with his curious Wife thus wisely doth debate:

Quoth he, you might allow what needeth, to the most: But where as less will serve, what means this idle Cost? Too much a Surfet breeds, and may our Childe annoy: These fat and lushious Meats do but our Stomacks cloy. The modest comely mean in all things likes the Wise, Apparel often shews us Womanish precise. And what will Cotswold think, when he shall hear of this? He'l rather blame your Waste, then praise your Cost, I wiss.

But, Women wilful be, and she her Will must have, Nor cares how Chiltern chides, so that her Tame be brave. Alone which tow'rds his Love she easily doth convay; For the Oxonian Owse was lately sent away From Buckingham, where first he finds his nimbler Feet; Tow'rds Whittlewood then takes: where, past the noblest Street, He to the Forest gives his farewel, and doth keep His course directly down into the German Deep, To publish that great day in mighty Neptune's Hall, That all the Sea-gods there might keep it Festival.

As we have told how Tame holds on his even course, Return we to report, how Isis from her sourse Comes tripping with delight, down from her daintier Springs; And in her Princely Train, t'attend her Marriage, brings Clear Churnet, Coln, and Leech, which first she did retain, With Windrush: and with her (all out-rage to restrain, Which well might offered be to Isis, as she went) Came Yenload with a Guard of Satyres, which were sent From Whichwood, to await the bright and God-like Dame. So Bernwood did bequeath his Satyres to the Tame, For Sticklers in those stirs, that at the Feast should be.

These Preparations great when Charwel comes to see, To Oxford got before, to entertain the Flood, Apollo's Aid he begs, with all his sacred Brood,

To that most learned place to welcome her repair, Who in her coming on was wax'd so wond'rous fair, That; meeting, strife arose betwixt them, whether they Her Beauty should extol, or she admire their Bay. On whom their sev'ral gifts (to amplifie her Dower) The Muses there bestow; which ever have the power Immortal her to make. And, as she past along, Those modest Thespian Maids thus to their Isis song.

Ye Daughters of the Hills, come down from every side, And due attendance give upon the lovely Bride: Go strew the Paths with Flowers, by which she is to pass: For be ye thus assur'd, in Albion never was A Beauty (yet) like hers: where have ye ever seen So absolute a Nymph in all things, for a Queen? Give instantly in charge the day be wond'rous fair, That no disorder'd Blast attempt her braided Hair. Go, see her State prepar'd, and every thing be fit, The Bride-Chamber adorn'd with all beseeming it. And for the Princely Groom, who ever yet could name A Flood, that is so fit for Isis, as the Tame? Ye both so lovely are, that knowledge scarce can tell, For Feature whether he, or Beauty she excel: That, ravished with joy each other to behold, When as your Crystal Wasts you closely do enfold, Betwixt your beauteous selves you shall beget a Son, That when your lives shall end, in him shall be begun. The pleasant Surrian Shores shall in that Flood delight, And Kent esteem her self most happy in his sight. The Shire that London loves, shall onely him prefer, And give full many a gift to hold him near to her. The Skeld, the goodly Mose, the rich and Viny Rhein, Shall come to meet the Thames in Neptune's watry Plain.

And all the Belgian Streams, and neighb'ring Floods of Gaul, Of him shall stand in aw, his Tributaries all.

As of fair Isis thus the learned Virgins spake, A shrill and suddain Bruit this Prothalamion brake; That White-horse, for the love she bare to her Ally, And honoured Sister-Vale, the bounteous Alesbury, Sent Presents to the Tame, by Ock her onely Flood, Which for his Mother-Vale so much on greatness stood.

From Oxford Isis hasts more speedily, to see That River, like his Birth, might entertained be: For that ambitious Vale, still striving to command, And using for her place continually to stand, Proud White-horse to perswade much business there hath been, T'acknowledge that great Vale of Eusham for her Queen. And but that Eusham is so opulent, and great, That thereby she her self holds in the Sovereign Seat, This White-horse all the Vales of Britain would or'ebear, And absolutely sit in the Imperial Chair; And beasts as goodly Heards, and num'rous Flocks to feed, To have as soft a Glebe, as good increase of Seed; As pure and fresh an Ayr upon her Face to flow, As Eusham for her life: and from her Steed doth show, Her lusty rising Downs as fair a Prospect take, As that imperious Wold; which her great Queen doth make So wond'rously admir'd, and her so far extend. But to the Mariage, hence, industrious Muse descend.

The Naïads, and the Nymphs extremely over-joy'd, And on the winding Banks all busily imploy'd, Upon this joyful day, some dainty Chaplets twine; Some others chosen out, with fingers neat and fine, Brave Anadems do make: some Bauldricks up do bind; Some, Garlands: and to some the Nosegays were assign'd;

As best their Skill did serve. But, for that Tame should be Still man-like as himself, therefore they will, that he Should not be drest with Flow'rs, to Gardens that belong, (His Bride that better fit) but onely such as sprong From the replenish'd Meads, and fruitful Pastures near: To sort which Flow'rs some sit; some making Garlands were; The Primrose placing first, because that in the Spring It is the first appears, then onely flourishing; The azur'd Hare-bell next with them they neatly mixt: T'allay whose lushious Smell they Woodbind plac'd betwixt. Amongst those things of scent, there prick they in the Lilly; And near to that again her Sister Daffadilly. To sort these Flow'rs of show with th'other that were sweet, The Cowslip then they couch, and th'Oxslip, for her meet: The Columbine amongst they sparingly do set, The Yellow King-cup, wrought in many a curious fret, And now and then among, of Eglantine a spray, By which again a course of Lady-smocks they lay: The Crow-flower, and thereby the Clover-flower they stick, The Daysie over all those sundry sweets so thick, As Nature doth her self; to imitate her right: Who seems in that her Pearl so greatly to delight, That ev'ry Plain therewith she powd'reth to behold: The crimson Darnel Flow'r, the Blew-bottle, and Gold; Which though esteem'd but Weeds, yet for their dainty hews, And for their scent not ill, they for their purpose chuse.

Thus having told you how the Bridegroom Tame was drest, I'le shew you how the Bride, fair Isis, they invest; Sitting to be attir'd under her Bow'r of State, Which scorns a meaner sort, then fits a Princely rate. In Anadems, for whom they curiously dispose The Red, the dainty White, the goodly Damask Rose,

For the rich Ruby, Pearl, and Amatist, men place In Kings Emperial Crowns, the Circle that enchase. The brave Carnation then, with sweet and soveraign power (So of his colour call'd, although a July-flower) With th'other of his kind, the speckled and the pale: Then th'odoriferous Pink, that sends forth such a Gale Of sweetness; yet in scents, as various as in sorts. The Purple Violet then, the Pansie there supports: The Mary-gold above t'adorn the arched Bar; The double Daysie, Thrift, the Button-batcheler, Sweet William, Sops in Wine, the Campion: and to these, Some Lavander they put, with Rosemary and Bays: Sweet Marjoram, with her like, sweet Basil rare for smell, With many a Flower, whose name were now too long to tell: And rarely with the rest, the goodly Flower-delice.

Thus for the nuptial hour, all fitted point-device, Whilst some still busied are in decking of the Bride, Some others were again as seriously imploy'd In strewing of those Hearbs, at Bridals us'd that be: Which every where they throw with bounteous hands and f•• The healthful Balm and Mint, from their full laps do fly, The scent-ful Camomil, the verdurous Costmary. They hot Muscado oft with milder Maudlin cast: Strong Tansey, Fennel cool, they prodigally waste: Clear Isop, and therewith the comfortable Thyme, Germander with the rest, each thing then in her prime; As well of wholesome Hearbs, as every pleasant Flower, Which Nature here produc'd, to fit this happy hour. Amongst these strewing kinds, some other wilde that grow, As Burnet, all abroad, and Meadow-wort they throw.

The Painting on the North-side, over Neptune, represents the EXCHANGE; the Motto,

— GENERIS LAPSI SARCIRE RUINAS.

An Expression of Virgil's, in the fourth of his Georgicks, speaking of the Industry of Bees, never discouraged by their Losses; his Descri∣ption of it running thus,

Quò magis exhaustae fuerint, hoc acriùs omnes Incumbent generis lapsi sarcire ruinas, Complebúntque Foros, & Floribus Horrea texent.

How much by Fortune they exhausted are, So much they strive the Ruins to repair Of their fal'n Nation, and they fill th'Exchange, Adorning with the choicest Flow'rs their Grange.

The Painting on the South-side, over Mars, shews the TOWER of London; the Inscription,

CLAUDUNTUR BELLI PORTAE.

This is in reference to the Temple of JANUS, never shut, but in the time of Peace; nor opened, but in time of War. Therefore, when King Latinus had refused to raise a War against Aeneas, and his Followers, and to that purpose, to open the Gates of the Temple of JANUS, Juno, resolving to have a War prosecuted against him, opened them her self: mention'd by VIRGIL† 2.31,

Hoc & tum Aeneadis indicere bella Latinus More jubebatur, tristésque RECLUDERE PORTAS. Abstinuit tactu Pater, aversúsque refugit Foeda ministeria, & caecis se condidit umbris. Tum Regina Deûm, coelo delapsa, morantes Impulit ipsa manu PORTAS: &, cardine verso, Belli ferratos rupit Saturnia postes.

The King was here required by the States War to denounce, and OPEN JANUS GATES. He flies th'Engagement, and so foul a Cause, And straight himself to privacy withdraws. Then from high Heav'n the Queen of Gods descends, And the resisting Portals open rends. She breaks the Hinges, tears down Iron Bars, And makes a spacious way for impious Wars.

The Pedestals, in the Ʋpper Story, are adorned with eight living Fi∣gures, representing EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICK, and AMERICA, with Escutcheons, and Pendents, bearing the Arms of the Companies trading into those parts.

EUROPE, a Woman arm'd a l'antique; on her Shield a Woman ri∣ding on a Bull; at her foot a Coney.

The Effigies of Europe in Armour relates to the Warlike disposition of that part of the World, evidently seen in the Greek, and Roman Mo∣narchies. We shall not need to describe her Armour in particular, but leave it to be taken from this Description of Rome, the Mistress of Eu∣rope, in Claudian,

Ipsa, triumphatis quae possidet aethera regnis, Assilit, innuptae ritus imitata Minervae: Nam neque caesariem crinali stringere cultu Colla, nec ornatu patitur mollire retorto; Dextrum nuda latus, niveos exserta lacertos, Audacem retegit mammam, laxúmque coercens Mordet gemma sinum: nodus, qui sublevat ensem, Album puniceo pectus discriminat ostro. Miscetur decori virtus, pulchérque severo Armatur terrore pudor, galeaeque minaci Flava cruentarum praetenditur umbra jubarum. Et formidato clypeus Titana lacessit Lumine, quem totâ variârat Mulciber arte.

She who by conquering Realms the Sky possest, Starts from her Seat, like Virgin-Pallas drest: Her Hair no Fillet bound, nor was her Head Drest up, Tresses hung o're her Shoulders spread, Her right side nak'd, with stretch'd out Arms, her Breast Boldly she bares, a Jemme claspt up her Vest, Her Faulchion in a Purple Belt, more bright Her Bosom rendred, setting off the white: Valour with Beauty mix'd, a modest Blush With terrour arm'd, her threatning Cask and Bush Of Bloody Plumage cast a dreadful shade: And Gorgon-Shield, that Titan so dismai'd, Which Vulcan with such art and labour made.

Whom Sidonius Apollinaris followed so nearly, that there will need no other Translation then the precedent.

* 2.32Sederat exerto bellatrix pectore Roma Cristatum turrita caput, cui ponè capaci Casside prolapsus perfundit terga capillus. Laetitia censura manet, terrorque pudore Crescit, & invitâ superat virtute venustas. Ostricolor pepli textus, quem fibula torto Mordax dente vorat, tum quicquid mamma refundit Tegminis, hoc patulo conclusit gemma recessu. Hinc fulcit rutilus spacioso circite laevum Ʋmbo latus, videas hic crasso fusa metallo Antra Rheae, foetam{que} lupam, quam fauce retecta Blandiri quo{que} terror erat, quanquam illa vorare Martigenas & picta timet, pars proxima Tybrin Exprimit; hic scabri fusus sub pumice tophi Proflabat madidum per guttura glauca soporem.

Her Shield comprehends the Story from whence Europe had her name, agreeably to the Custome of the Ancients: as we finde by this description of the Shield of Rome in the same Author.* 2.33

Hic patrius Mavortis amor, foetus{que} notantur Romulei; post amnis inest, & bellua nutrix. Electro Tyberis, Pueri formantur in Auro. Tingunt aera lupam, Mavors adamante coruscat.

Here Mars escapes, and there the Twins he drew, And next the River, and the Shee-wolfe too: Tyber in Amber, and the Boyes in Gold, The Wolf in Brass, Mars he in Steel did mould.

The first part of which seems to be taken from that of Aeneas in Virgil,

Illic res Italas, Romanorumque triumphos, Haud vatum ignarus venturique inscius aevi, Fecerat Ignipotens, illic genus omne futurae Stirpis ab Ascanio, pugnataque in ordine bello Fecerat, & viridi faetam Mavortis in antro Procubuisse lupam; geminos huic ubera circum Ludere pendentes pueros, & lambere matrem Impavidos; illam tereti cervice reflexam Mulcere alternos, & corpora fingere linguâ. Nec procul hinc, Romam, &c.

Th' Ignipotent God, well skill'd in Fates to come, The Roman triumphs and affaires of Rome, There had engrav'd, Ascanius Off-spring wrought, And all their bloody battels must be fought. The pregnant Wolfe in Mars green Covert lay, And hanging at her breasts two Infants play: Bending her neck she licks the tender young, And quiet, shapes their bodies with her tongue. Not far from this, Rome, &c.

Or from these of Silius Italicus, describing the Shield of Flaminius, a Roman Consul;

Tum clypeum quatit, aspersum quem caedibus olim Celticus ornârat cruor: humentíque sub antro, Ceu foetum, lupa permulcens puerilia membra Ingentem Assarici caelo nutribat alumnum.

Next, he assumes his Shield, where they behold The stains of Celtick blood, which he before In Battel shed: and, in it carv'd, he bore A She-Wolf's Figure, in her gloomy Den, Licking a Child's soft Limbs, as it had been Her Whelp, and nurs'd of the Assarick Line A Stem, that afterwards was made Divine.

Mr. Ross.

The other, from these Verses of Moschus, where he describes the Basket of Europa,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

In Silver Nilus stood, the Cow in Brass, And Jupiter in Gold engraven was.

The Fable presented in the Shield of Europe is this. Europa, Daugh∣ter of Agenor, gathering Flowers near the Sea-side, was carryed away by Jupiter, in the Form of a Bull, into Crete, where she became his Spouse; by whose Name he caused that part of the World to be cal∣led, according to this of Manilius† 2.34,

Quod superest Europa tenet, quae prima natantem Fluctibus excepítque Jovem, Taurúmque resolvit. Ille puellari donavit nomine fluctus, Et monumenta sui titulo sacravit amoris.

Europa last place held, whom Jove his Prize Through Billows bearing, cast his Bull's disguise, And gave that Sea, to her eternal Fame, In memory of his Love, the Virgin's Name.

This Virgin was generally reputed a Tyrian. EURIPIDES,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 —

SENECA the Tragedian,

Tyriae per undas vector Europae nitet: Through Waves Tyrian Europa's bearer shone.

And Herodotus† 2.35 conjectures this quarter of the World was named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (which Valla renders, ab Europa Tyria) in his first Book, affirming, the Cretans sail'd to Tyre, and stole her from thence. The Chronographers, that follow Eusebius, rank this about the time of Joshuah, but the Arundelian Marbles (set forth by Mr. Selden) shew, that Cad∣mus came to Thebes, and built Cadmea the same time, when Amphictyon reign'd in Athens, which was before the Israelites forsook Egypt. By this it is apparent, that Europa was not of Tyre; for that was built long af∣ter, viz. according to Josephus* 2.36, before the Temple of Solomon, which was begun in the 480. Year after the Israelites departure out of Egypt. It is supposed, that that part of the Fable, which feigns her carried away by a Bull, signifies no more, then that she was transported by Sea in a Ship called the Bull, from the Figure of a Bull on the Prow of it. So LYCOPHRON,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

it being among the Ancients the usual Custom to nominate their Ships from the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Insigne on the Prow, as the Tiger, Centaure, and Triton, in the Navy of Aeneas, mention'd by VIRGIL† 2.37

Massicus aeratâ princeps secat aequora Tigri. I'th' Brazen Tigre Massicus first stands.

Filius aequales comitatus classe catervas Ingentem remis Centaurum promovet.— Hunc vehit immanis Triton, & caerula conchâ Exterrens freta.—

His Son attended with an equal Troop Brings, with tuff Oars, the mighty Centaure up. This mighty Triton bore, frighting the Tides With his shrill Trump.—

We shall not need give any further account of this Fab the further Relation of it to this Poem of Moschus,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

A sweet Dream Venus once Europa lent, In Nights third quarter, near the Morns ascent; Whilst Slumber which her eye-lids sweetly crown'd, Her Limbs unti'd, and her Eyes softly bound (That time which doth all truer Dreams beget.) Europa Phoenix-child, a Virgin yet, Alone in a high Chamber taking rest, Beholds two Countries that for her contest, The Asian, and her opposite; both seem'd Like Women; that a stranger, this esteem'd A Native who (a Mother like) doth plead That she of her was born, by her was bred; The other violent hands upon her laid, And drew by force the unresisting Maid, Urging she was as prize to Jove design'd: Out of the bed she starts with troubled mind: And panting heart; the Dream to life's so near: Long sate she silent; long both Women were

After she wak'd presented to her sense, Till thus at length she breaks her deep suspence.

Which of the Gods, as now I did repose, Perplex'd my Fancy with delusive Shows? My calmer Sleeps disquieting with fear: What Stranger in my Slumber did appear? Her love shot suddainly into my Breast And kindness, like a Mother, she express'd. The Gods vouchsafe this Dream a good event!

She rose, and for her lov'd Companions sent, In Years, and Friendship, equal, nobly born, With them for Balls she us'd her self t'adorn; Or in Anaurus current Bathes, with them, She plucks the fragrant Lilly from her Stem These straight come to her; each a Basket held To gather Flowers; so walk they to a Field Neighb'ring the Sea, whither they often went Pleas'd with the Waters noise, and Roses scent.

A Golden Basket fair Europa bare, Rich, yet in Vulcan's Workmanship more rare, Which Neptune first to Lybia gave, when he Obtain'd her Bed, to Telephassa she Wife to her Son, from Telephassa last This to unwed Europe her Daughter past Which many Figures neatly wrought did hold. Inachian Iö was here carv'd in Gold, Not yet in Woman's shape, but like a Cow, Who seem'd to swim, and force (enraged) through The Briny Sea her way; the Sea was Blew; Upon the highest point of Land to view The Wave-dividing Heifer, two Men stand; Jove strokes the wet Cow with his sacred hand,

Who, unto seven-mouth'd Nilus crossing over, Did cast her Horns, and Woman's shape recover. In Silver Nilus Flood, the Cow in Brass, And Jupiter in Gold engraven was; Mercury figur'd on the furthest round, And next him lies distended on the ground Argos, endu'd with many watchful Eyes, Out of whose Purple Blood a Bird doth rise, Proud of his various Flowry Plumes, his Tail He spreadeth like a swift Ship under Sail, And comprehends the Border with his Wings; Such is the Basket fair Europa brings.

All at the Painted Field arive, where these With sev'ral Flow'rs their several Fancies please. One sweet Narcissus plucks, another gets Wilde Savory, Hyacinths, and Violets, Many faln Spring-born Flow'rs the ground doth share, Some strive which yellow Crocus fragrant Hair Should faster pluck; i'th'midst the Queen doth stand Gathering the Roses Beauty with her hand; The Graces so by Venus are out-shind. Nor must she long with Flowers divert her mind, Nor long preserve unstain'd her Virgin Zone, For Jove, upon the Meadow looking down, By Venus subtle Darts was struck in love, Venus hath power to captivate great Jove. Who of frow'rd Juno's jealousie afraid, And that he might deceive the tender Maid, In a Bull's Shape his Deity doth vail, Not such as are in Stables bred, or trail The crooked Plough, the furrow'd Earth to wound, Or run amongst the Heards in Pasture Ground,

Or are to draw the laden Waggon us'd, Yellow o're all his body is diffus'd, Save a white Circle shines amidst his Brow, His brighter Eyes with amorous Sparkles glow. His Horns with equal length rise from his Head, Like the Moon's Orb, to half a Circle spread.

Into the Mead he comes, nor (seen) doth fright; The Virgins to approach him all delight, And stroke the lovely Bull, whose divine smell Doth far the Meads perfumed Breath excel: Before unblam'd Europa's Feet he stood, Licking her Neck, and the Maid kindly woo'd: She stroak'd, and kiss'd him; and the Foam, that lay Upon his Lip, wip'd with her hand away: He softly bellow'd, such an humming sound Forth breathing, as Mygdonian Pipes resound. Down at her Feet he kneels, viewing the Maid With writhed Neck, and his broad Back displai'd, When she to th'fair-haird Virgins thus doth say; Come hither dear Companions, let us play, Securely with this Bull, and without fear; Who, like a Ship, all on his Back will bear. He tame appears to sight, and gently kind, Diff'ring from others, a discursive mind Bearing like Men, and onely Voice doth lack.

This said, she smiling gets upon his Back; Which the rest off'ring, the Bull leaps away, And to the Sea bears his desired Prey; She cals with stretch'd-out hands, she turns to view Her Friends, alass unable to pursue; Down leaps he, Dolphin-like glides through the Seas: Up from the Deep rise the Nereides,

Mounted on Whales to meet her on the way: Whilst hollow-sounding Neptune doth allay The Waves, and is himself his Brothers guide In this Sea-Voyage; Tritons, on each side, (The Deep's inhabitants) about him throng, And sound with their long shels a nuptial song; She by transformed Jupiter thus born, With one hand holding fast the Bull's large Horn Her purple garment with the other saves Unwet by the swoln Ocean's froathy waves: Her mantle (flowing o're her shoulders, swell'd Like a full sail, and the young maid upheld. Now born away far from her native coast, Her sight the wave-washt shore and mountains lost. She sees the Heav'ns above, the Seas beneathe, And, looking round about, these Cries doth breathe.

O whither sacred Bull? who art thou, say? That through undreaded floods canst break thy way: The Seas are pervious to swift Ships alone, But not to Bulls is their fear'd voyage known; What food is here? or if some God thou be Why dost, what misbeseems a Deity? Upon the Land no Dolphins, no Bulls move Upon the Sea; Thou Sea and Land dost prove Alike; whose feet like Oares assist thy hast; Perhaps thou'lt soar through the bright Air at last On high, and like the nimble Birds become. Me most unhappy, who have left my home, A Bull to follow, voyages unknown To undertake, and wander all alone. But Neptune thou, that rul'st the foaming Main Be pleas'd to help me; sure I shall obtain

A sight of this great God, who is my guide, Nor else could I these fluid paths have tride.

The largely horned Bull thus answer'd; Maid Be bold, nor of the swelling waves afraid, For I am Jove who now a Bull appear, And whatsoever shape I please can wear; In this to measure the wide Sea constrain'd For love of thee, thou shalt be entertain'd By Creet my Nurse; our Nuptials shall be there Perform'd, and thou of me great Sons shalt bear, To whose imperious Scepters all shall bow.

What he had said, event made good; Creet now Appears in view; Jove his own form doth take, And loos'd her Zone; the Hours their Bed did make, She late a Virgin, Spouse to Jove became, Brought him forth Sons, and gain'd a Mothers name.

Mr. STANLEY.

ASIA, On her Head a Glory, her Stole of Silk, with several Forms of Wild Beasts wrought on it.

Among the Poets, we frequently find Asia called Aurora from the rising of the Sun there: as in CLAUDIAN,

Jam Princeps molitur iter, gentésque remotas Colligit Aurorae, tumidus quascunque pererrat Euphrates, quos lustrat Halys, quos ditat Orontes, &c.

The Prince his Progress now designing calls Remotest Eastern Nations, they whose Walls Euphrates, Halys, and Oront improves, The Arabs leave their Incense-bearing Groves, &c.

—Totam pater undique secum Moverat Auroram: mistis hic Colchus Iberis,

Hic mitrâ velatus Arabs, hic crine decoro Armenius.—

— the Eastern World he rais'd: There with Iberians Colchians mix'd, and there Wilde Arabs, and fair-hair'd Armenians were.

And speaking of Asia, going to sollicite Stilico for Assistance,

Tendit ad Italiam supplex Aurora potentem.

To Italy Aurora supplyant bends.

From whence they represented her like the Rising Sun. Claudian im∣plicitely delivers her ordinary Dress, though in regard of her calamity, at that time, in mourning,

Non radiis redimita comam, nec flammea vultum, Nec croceum vestita diem; stat livida lucta.

No Raies, nor Glory dress'd her Brows, nor clad In Purple day, but pale she look'd, and sad.

Her Mantle of Silk speaks her ancient Propriety in it: which came so late into Europe, that we finde no name for it in Homer, among his so frequent Descriptions of the Vestments both of Gods, and Men. Nay, not in the Poets of the Old, or Middle Comedy, some hundreds of Years after Homer. Whence we conjecture, it was first brought into Europe after the Conquest of Alexander the Great. After it was brought over, the Europaeans seem to have had no certain knowledge how it was made. For, by what we can finde, they thought it to have grown na∣turally on the Trunk, or Leaves of some Trees in Asia. So Virgil,

Quid nemora Aethiopum molli canentia lanâ, Velleráque ut foliis depectant tenuia Seres?

Of Trees in Aethiopia white with Wool; How from the Leaves the Seres Fleeces cull?

PLINY, The Seres are the first, who are known to have a Woolly sub∣stance to grow on their Trees, which they comb off after they have sprinkled it with Water. And Julius Pollux* 2.38 speaks it as a report of some, that the Seres gathered their Silk from certain Worms, like unto the Bombyces of the Island Coos. Whence it appears, that in the time of Commodus the Emperour, in whose time Pollux wrote, it was generally believed to have been otherwise: and after that too, for Claudian, who flourish'd under the Emperour Honorius, agrees with Pliny;

— & pollice docto Jam parat auratas trabeas, currúsque micantes Stamine, quod molli tondent de stipite Seres, Frondea lanigerae carpentes vellera Sylvae.

— she rarely taught, Rich Robes prepar'd, and Golden Chariots wrought, With Thred, which from the Bark the Seres cull, Shearing from spreading Boughs the Fleecy Wooll.

Servius indeed, who lived in the time of Theodosius, as appears by his being cotemporary with† 2.39 Macrobius, had a right opinion of it, as appears from these words of his in the fore-cited place of Virgil,

Amongst the Indians, and Seres, are certain Worms upon the Trees, which are called Bombyces; which, like Spiders, spin a very fine Thred, from whence is made Silk.

In the time of Justinian* 2.40 the whole Mystery was disclos'd by some Monks, who brought from the Indies some of the Eggs of the Worms: Since which time that Manufacture ha's been constantly used in Eu∣rope.

That she ha's several Shapes, or Forms of strange Beasts wrought on her Vest, is agreeable to the ancient Customs of that Countrey, Aristophanes† 2.41,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Myne not like your Prodigious Monsters be, Such as are wrought in Median Tapestry.

PETRONIUS ARBITER,

Tuo palato clausus pavo pascitur, Plumato amictus aulaeo Babylonico.

A Peacock shall be cram'd for thee, Adorn'd like Median Tapestry.

SIDONIUS,

Peregrina det supellex Ctesiphontis ac Niphatis Juga texta belluásque Rapidas vacante panno Acuit quibus furorem Bene ficta plaga cocco Jaculoque ceu forante Cruor incruentus exit: Ʋbi torvus, & per artem Resupina flexus ora, It equo reditque telo Fugiens fugánsque Parthus.

From Ctesiphont straight get enough, And Niphates fair Houshold stuff, Wrought with Hills, and Wilde Beasts, which The empty Prospect may enrich; Who by well-feignd Wounds enrag'd, Seem more desperately engag'd, From Javelins fixed in their sides, Blood in Bloodless Rivers glides; Where the Parthian with such Art, O're his Shoulder throws his Dart: His Horse now charging, then retreats, And flying, so his Foe defeats.

AFRICA, a Woman, in her Hand a Pomegranate; on her Head a Crown of Ivory, and Ears of Wheat; at her Feet two Ships laden with Corn.

Thus we finde the Statue of Africk at Florence leaning upon its left Hand, in which there is a Pomegranate; in her right Hand an Ʋm∣brella, to defend her from the heat of the Sun; for her Pillow, two great Waters, signifying the Mediterranean, and Atlantick Seas. So at Mycenae, the Statue of Juno (Protectrice of Carthage, the Metropolis of Africk) made by Polyclet, holds in one Hand a Scepter; in the other, a Pomegranate. Therefore, when the Queen sacrificed to Juno, she wore a Rod of Pomegranate upon her Head, called by the Ancients Inarculum. FESTUS; Inarculum virgulta erat ex malo Punico incur∣vata, quam Regina sacrificans in capite gestabat.

She is crowned with Ears of Corn, to signifie the Fertility of the place. Horace,

Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africae Fallit sorte beatior.

Thou happier art, then he commands Rich Africk's fertile Strands.

Thus SIDONIUS introduces Africa,* 2.42

Jam malè foecundas in vertice fregit aristas, Et sic orsa loqui est.

Her Wheat-ear'd Wreath now early full she broke, And thus then spoke.

And CLAUDIAN,* 2.43

Tum spicis, & dente comas illustris eburno, Et valido rubicunda die, sic Africa fatur.

With Iv'ry crown'd, and Wheat, red with the Sun, And fainting Heats, thus Africa begun.

According to which Description of his, we finde her represented in a Coyn of Antoninus Pius,

[illustration] coin

Seld Mar. claus. lib. 3.

* 2.44The same Authour implicitely describes her, in the same manner, in another place,

— mediis apparet in astris Africa, rescissae vestes, & Spicea passim Serta jacent, lacero crinales vertice dentes, Et fractum pendebat ebur.—

Amidst the Stars next Africa appears Her Garments torn, her Wreath of Wheaten Ears Scatter'd about, Teeth braided on her Crown, And broken Ivory hung.—

The Ivory on her Head, alludes to the great number of Elephants, bred in that part of the World;* 2.45 especially in that part of Africa beyond the Syrtick Solitudes, and Desarts, Aethiopia, Trogloditica, and Mauri∣tania. Petronius,

Quaeritur in silvis Mauri fera; & ultimus Ammon A frorum excutitur, ne desit bellua dente Ad mortes pretiosa suas.—

The Libyan Wilds we seek, and th'utmost South, To finde a Monster out, whose pretious Tooth Proves its own bane.—

JUVENAL,

Dentibus ex illis quos mittit porta Syenes,* 2.46 Et Mauri celeres.—

From whiter Teeth, which the Syene sends, And the swift Moors.—

Whence the Romans, in their Triumphs over Africa, usually had Ele∣phants led before them, to denote the place of their Victory:* 2.47 as L. Metellus, in whose Coyns we finde either an Elephant, or his Trium∣phal Chariot drawn by two of them, or a Head of one of them under his Chariot.

[illustration] coin

Pier Hierogl.

Pliny says,* 2.48 that the Chariot of Pompey was drawn by four Ele∣phants in his African Triumph. And we finde that the Fifth Legion bore the Effigies of an Elephant on their Colours, because they suc∣cessfully manag'd a Battel against them, in the War betwixt Caesar, and L. Scipio.

The two Ships at her Feet, relate to the Classis Frumentaria, which came yearly to Rome from Africk: frequently mention'd in the Ro∣man Writers; which was instituted by Commodus the Emperour. Of whom Lampridius; Classem Africanam instituit quae subsidio esset, si fortè Alexandrina frumenta cessassent. He appointed an African Navy, which should furnish the City, in case the Corn from Alexandria should fail. Of which Claudian,

Tot mihi pro meritis Libyam Nilumque dedêre,* 2.49 Ʋt dominam plebem bellatoremque Senatum Classibus aestivis alerent, geminóque vicissim Littore diversi complerent horrea venti.

Stabat certa salus: Memphis si fortè negasset, Pensabam Pharium Getulis messibus annum. Frugiferas certare rates, latéque videbam Punica Niliacis concurrere carbosa velis.

They gave me Libya, and the Aegyptian Shore For my deserts, that they might with their Store The People, and the Warlick Senate feed, And with contrary Winds supply their need. Famine farewel: if Memphis should deny, Getulian Harvests will our Wants supply. Freighted with Corn, I saw the Punick Fleet, And Ships from Nilus in our Harbours meet.

And,

* 2.50—Phariae segetes & Punica messis Castrorum devota cibo: dat Gallia robur Militis, &c. —

— Aegyptian Crops, and Punick Grain Our Camps with Bread, Gaul doth with Men maintain.

* 2.51Wherefore Salvian, after he had mention'd the Destruction of Sardi∣nia, and Sicily, the Vital Veins, he calls Africa the Soul it self of the Common-Wealth of Rome. Prudentius,

* 2.52Respice num Libyci desistat raris arator Frumentis onerare rates, & ad Ostia Tibris Mittere triticeos in pastum plebis acervos.

See if the Libyan Swain neglects to load Our Ships with Corn, and to the Ostian Road Sends Wheaten Mountains for the Peoples Food.

AMERICA Crown'd with Feathers of divers Colours, on her Stole a Golden River, in one Hand a Silver Mountain.

So Pompey, in his Triumph over Methridates, among the rest of his Silver and Golden Representations carried Montem aureum, quadratum,* 2.53 cum cervis & leonibus, & pomis omnis generis, circumdatâ vite aureâ, A square Golden Mountain, encompassed with a Vine of Gold, with Harts and Lions upon it, and all manner of Fruit. The Mountain in her Hand is Potosis in Peru, whose Treasure ha's been accounted inexhaustible. Josephus Acosta relates, that in that Mountain there was found a Vein of Silver,* 2.54 about the height of a Spear above the Superficies of the Earth, three hundred Foot long, and thirteen broad. The same Au∣thour witnesses, that the King of Spain receives yearly from thence a Million of Ducats; and that onely from the fifth part of the Silver. We have read of indeed of Silver Mountains in Europe; as that men∣tion'd by Strabo in Spain; Not far from Costaon is a Mountain, whence flows the River Baetis, call'd the Silver Mountain, in relation to the Silver Mines there. And of a Golden Mountain in Asia, mention'd by Me∣nander; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (presently after 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Where King Chaganus him∣self was, on a Mountain call'd Ectag, that is, the Golden Mountain. And Appian before him; Many Fountains bring down small Shavings of Gold from the Mountain Caucasus; the Inhabitants sinking Fleeces of Wooll very deep, take up what Shavings stick to them: But these are all so considerable, in respect of the inestimable Treasure of this Mountain, that America may reasonably from hence, as all other Countries from what is most valuable, and appropriate to them, have its distinguishing Character.

The River on her Stole is the Golden River Peru. So Claudian re∣presents Brittain with the Flux and Deflux of the Sea on her Vest;

Inde Caledonio velata Britannia monstro, Ferro picta genas, cujus vestigia verrit Caerulus, Oceanique aestum mentitus amictus,

Britannia then veil'd in a Boars rough Hide, Walk'd on the Sea, her Cheeks with Iron dy'd, Cloath'd with the changings of the Oceans Tide.

And SPAIN, with the Golden River Tagus on her Stole:

—glaucis tum prima Minervae Nexa comam foliis, fulvâque intexta micantem Veste Tagum, tales profert Hispania voces.

Then Spain with Olive-Branches crown'd, her Vest With Golden Tagus wrought, her self exprest In words like these—

Which Leaves of Minerva,* 2.55 Mr. Selden mistook for a Palm. Claudian, in several places, describes the Olive in the same manner; as in his Epi∣stle to Hadrian,

Hoc pro supplicibus ramis, pro fronde Minervae, Hoc carmen pro thure damus.—

This for Minerva's supplicating Bough, This Verse for Incense we bestow.

And in another place,

* 2.56—pro fronde Minervae Has tibi protendo lacrymas.—

—for Pallas Boughs, These Tears we thee present,

LUCAN,

* 2.57— tamen ante furorem Indomitum, duramque viri deflectere mentem Pacifico Sermone parant, hostemque propinquum Orant Cecropiae praelatâ fronde Minervae.

— they to asswage His cruel Breast, accustomed to rage, Minerva's Branches stretching forth, beseech The Neighb'ring Foe with a prepared Speech.

In which places 'tis evident, the Olive is signified, because carried in the Hands of Suppliants. Statius,

—ramúmque precantis Olivae. A supplicating Olive Branch.

Vittatae laurus, & supplicis arbor Olivae.

With Bays and supplicating Olives crown'd.

Whence Virgil makes Aeneas send a hundred to King Latinus, all crown'd with Olive Branches, call'd there Palladis rami.

—ramis velatos Palladis omnes, Donaque ferre viro, pacemque exposcere Teucris.

And for the Trojans Terms of Peace propound, With Royal Presents, all with Olive crown'd.

And Statius makes Tydeus, going in the name of Polynices, to demand the Kingdom of Thebes, carry a Branch of Olive in his Hand, as a to∣ken of Peace; and, his Demand being denied, to throw away the same, to signifie, and declare a War. So LIVY, Not far off was a Ship of the Carthaginians, covered with Mitres, and Branches of Olive; in which were ten Ambassadours, chief Princes of the City, sent to request Peace.

CLAUDIAN gives the same Epithet too, to the Olive-leaves, in his Epistle to SERENA,

—glaucâ pinguis Oliva comâ.

The unctuous Olive with a Silver Sprig.

And VALERIUS FLACCUS,* 2.58

—glaucásque comis praetexere frondes Imperat.

Commands to braid their Hair with verdant Boughs.

The reason why Claudian so describes it, is, because that Tree was sacred to Minerva: which we finde attested by Pliny; The Esculus (a Species of glandiferous Trees) is sacred to Jupiter,* 2.59 the Laurel to Apollo, the Olive to Minerva, the Myrtle to Venus, the Poplar to Hercu∣les; and is known from the Fable of the Contention of Minerva, and Neptune, concerning the Possession of Athens. And Epopeus, after a Victory, having erected and consecrated to her a Temple, and pray'd,* 2.60 that she would show some token of her acceptance of it, there presently sprung forth a Branch of Olive before it.

This Errour of Mr. Selden's produc'd another in his following words, when he gather'd from thence, that the River Tagus, and Palm-Trees were proper to Spain. Hispaniae Palmae, & Tagus fluvius propria. In∣deed the Palm-Tree was the Symbol of Judaea, as we see in the Coyns of Vespasian and Titus,

[illustration] coin obverse

IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG

[illustration] coin reverse

IVD CAPT

from the abundance of them in that Countrey. STRABO; Beside the common Palm, it (Judaea) brings forth the Carupta, not much inferiour to the Babylonian. Lucan,

—Et arbusto Palmarum dives Idume.

And Idumea rich with Palm.

SILIUS ITALICUS,* 2.61

Palmiferámque senex bello domitabit Idumen,

Palm-bearing Idumaea shall subdue.

But Spain was commended for the abundance, and excellency of its Olives.* 2.62 Martial,

Baetis, Oliviferâ crinem redimite coronâ, Aurea qui nitidis vellera tingis aquis.

Baetis her Tresses crown'd with Olive Stems, Dyes Golden Fleeces with her glitt'ring Streams.

Which Verses,* 2.63 compared with these of Silius Italicus, evidently evince, that Palladis rami signifie the Olive.

—genuit quos ubere ripâ Palladio Bethes umbratus cornua ramo.

—both of equal age Born upon Bethes Banks, whose horned Brows Were overshadowed with fat Olive Boughs.

And in another place, of Spain,* 2.64

Nec Cereri terra indocilis, nec inhospita Baccho, Nulláque Palladiâ sese magis arbore tollit.

A Land, where Ceres, and Lyaeus too Do dwell, and Olive-Trees in plenty grow.

Whence, in a Coyn of Hadrian the Emperour, we finde that Coun∣trey signified by a Woman sitting, with her left hand leaning on the Pyrenean Mountains (Mr. Selden calls it a heap of Stones) in her right Hand holding a Branch of Olive; at her Feet a Coney:* 2.65

[illustration] coin obverse

HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP

[illustration] coin reverse

HISPANIA

The Coney we finde too at the Feet of Spain, holding an Olive-Branch on her Shoulder, in a Coyn of the same Emperour.* 2.66

[illustration] coin

RES TITVTORI•• HISPANIAE SC

The Coney at her Feet signifies either the incredible number of those Animals formerly in Spain (for Varro mentions a Town there

undermin'd,* 2.67 and overthrown by them, as we finde in Pliny) or ra∣ther the abundance of Mines in that Countrey; the Latine word Cu∣niculi, from whence the allusion must be taken, being aequivocal, and an∣swering to both. From one of which significations a part of Spain is call'd Cuniculosa Celtiberia by Catullus,* 2.68

Tu praeter omnes, une de capillatis, Cuniculosae Celtiberiae fili.

The Mines are mentioned by Claudian, speaking of Spain,

Dives equis, frugum facilis, pretiosa metallis, Principibus foecunda piis. —

With Steeds abounding, rich with Corn, and Ore, And pious Princes store.—

And by SILIUS ITALICUS,* 2.69

— hìc omne metallum: Electri gemino pallent de semine venae. Atque atros chalybis foetus humus horrida nutrit. Sed scelerum causas aperit Deus. Astur avarus Visceribus lacerae telluris mergitur imis, Et redit infelix effosso concolor auro.

—here Metals grow Of matter mix'd: Electrum's pallid Veins Produc'd, and darker Steel the Earth contains: But God those Springs of mischief deeply hides; Yet Astur, covetous, the Earth divides, And, in her mangled Entrails drown'd again, Returns with Gold, and bears the pretious Stain.

But to return. This River, says Josephus Acosta,* 2.70 gave the name to the whole Countrey of Peru. Of which Levinus Apollonius thus, un∣der another name; where he describes the Rivers of the Mountain∣ous PERU, The chiefest far is the River Argyreus (PERU) from its abundance of Silver, which it casts up in glittering Sand, call'd in Spanish, Plata: it is equally liberal, and profuse of its Treasures unto all parts it passeth by, enriching its Inhabitants with an inexhaustible abundance both of Gold, and Silver.

The uppermost great Table in the fore-ground represents King Charles the First, with the Prince, now Charles the Second, in His Hand, viewing the Sovereign of the Sea, the Prince leaning on a Can∣non; the Inscription,

O NIMIUM DILECTE DEO; CUI MILITAT AEQUOR, ET CONJURATI VENIUNT AD CLASSICA VENTI.

For thee, O Jove's Delight, the Seas engage, And mustr'ed Winds, drawn up in Battel, rage.

Above, over the Cornich, between the two Celestial Hemi-spheres, an Atlas, bearing a Terrestrial Globe, and on it a Ship under Sail; the Word,

UNUS NON SUFFICIT.

Thus we finde Atlas painted in an ancient Temple of Jupiter's.* 2.71 PAUSANIAS, Amongst the rest, is the Picture of Atlas, bearing up Heaven, and Earth; by whom stands Hercules, as ready to assist him: mention'd by Claudian,

—sic, Hercule quondam Sustentante polum, meliûs librata pependit Machina, nec dubiis titubavit Signifer astris. Perpetuâque senex subductus mole parumper Obstupuit proprii spectator ponderis Atlas

—so Hercules of old Sustain'd the Pole, bore better on his Back The poysed World, and fix'd the Zodiack: Atlas a while, from his great Burthen free, Admiring stood, the wond'rous Load to see.

Of whom thus HOMER,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Daughter of Atlas, who both Depth, and Sholes Of th' Ocean plumbs, and holdeth two long Poles, That mighty Heaven, and the Earth sustain.

AESCHYLUS,* 2.72

— 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

— who near the Western Main Bears on his Back that Pillar, doth sustain Both Heaven, and Earth, not easie to support.

VIRGIL,

— ubi coelifer Atlas Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum.

— where great Atlas bears, Laden with Golden Stars, the glittering Sphears.

He was thus described from his admirable knowledge in the motions of the Heavens, and the nature of things here below. PAUSANIAS* 2.73, In which there is a place of ground call'd Polosus, where they say Atlas studied the Heavens, and the Earth. DIODORUS SICULUS† 2.74, They say, he (Atlas) was excellently skill'd in Astrology, and was the first, that published the Sphe∣rical

Figure of the Heavens: from whence he was said to bear the Heavens on his Shoulders; the Fable signifying the Invention, and Description of the Sphere. Which seems not be understood of a solid Sphere, but a Sphere described on a Plane: the other Invention, by most of the Ancients, be∣ing attributed to Archimedes, who liv'd many Centuries of Years after him.

The great Painting on the West-side represents the Duke of YORK, habited âl'antique, like Neptune, standing on a Shell drawn by Sea-Horses, before which a Triton sounding, in one Hand a Trident, the Reins in the other; his Motto,

SPES ALTERA.

We generally finde Neptune among the Poets drawn by Sea-Horses. STATIUS,* 2.75

Illic Aegeo Neptunus gurgite fessos In portum deducit equos, prior haurit habenas Ʋngula, postremi solvuntur in aequora pisces.

Here Neptune entring left th'Aegean Flood, Landing his Steeds, their formost Feet well shod: The hindmost cut the Waves with Finny Tails.

VIRGIL,* 2.76

His ubi laeta Deae permulsit pectora dictis, Jungit equos curru genitor, spumantiáque addit Fraena feris, manibúsque omnes effundit habenas, Caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru.

When thus her troubled Breast he had asswag'd, He joyns his Chariot-Horse, and curbs th'enrag'd With Fomy Bits, then gives them lib'ral Rein, With blew Wheels flying o're the Azure Main.

They were called Hippocampae. NONIUS; Hippocampae, equi marini, à flexu caudarum, quae piscosae sunt. Hippocampae are Sea-Horses,

so called from the flexion of their Tails, which are like Fishes. FESTUS; Campas marinos equos Graeci à flexione posteriorum partium appellant,

The Greeks call Sea-Horses Campae, from the bending of their posteriour parts: from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to bend.

In the Medaigles of Caius Marius, and Quintus Creperius, is represent∣ed Neptune riding upon these Hippocampae, or Sea-Horses.

* 2.77

[illustration] coin obverse

CMARIVS C F

[illustration] coin reverse

And the Form of a Sea-Horse we have in the Coyn of the Emperour Gallienus, * 2.78

[illustration] coin

II NEPTVNO CONS AVG

As he holds the Reins of his Horses in one hand, so we finde him constantly with a Trident in the other. From whence he is call'd by the Greeks,† 2.79 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉* 2.80, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by Pindar 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 by the Latines, Tridentifer, and Tridentiger. OVID† 2.81,

— ô proxima terrae Regna vagae, dixi, sortite Tridentifer undae.

And,

Cúmque Tridentigero tumidi genitore profundi.

VIRGIL,

—Túque, O, cui prima frementem Fudit equum magno tellus percussa Tridenti, Neptune.—

—and Neptune, thou, to whom The Earth first Trident struck brought forth a Steed.

HOMER,* 2.82

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.—

Arm'd with his Trident, Neptune, leading on Impetuous Waves, left neither Pile, nor Stone.

Callimachus, singularly, says,* 2.83 that his Trident was made by the Tel∣chines, smiths in Creet.

—〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

— Neptune the Mountain struck With's Trident, which the Telechines made.

Plutarch tells, that the Troezenians mark their Moneys with a Tri∣dent, as a Testimony of their Devotion to Neptune.

Amongst the rest of Neptune's Attendants was Triton his Trum∣peter. OVID,* 2.84

Caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchâque sonanti Inspirare jubet, fluctúsque, & flumina signo Jam revocare dato.—

Triton he calls, commanding him to sound His hollow Shell, and call the Floods profound, And Rivers back. —

VIRGIL, speaking of a Ship,* 2.85

— Immanis Triton, & caerula conchâ Exterrens freta. Cui laterum tenùs hispida nanti Frons hominem praefert; in Pristin desinit alvus: Spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda.

This mighty Triton bore, frighting the Tides With his shrill Trump. His Face, and hairy sides Above presents a Man, a Whale the rest: And foamy Waves resound beneath his Breast.

NONNUS,* 2.86

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Broad-bearded Triton sounds his Trump at last, Half humane Shape, a Fish beneath the Waste.

MOSCHUS,* 2.87

— 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

— Tritons on each side (The Deep's Inhabitants) about him throng, And sound with their long Shels a Nuptial Song.

On the four Niches within the Arch were living Figures, with Escut∣cheons, and Pendents, representing Arithmetick, Geometry, Astro∣nomy, and Navigation.

Arithmetick, a Woman habited â l'antique, with her Fingers erect: upon her Vestment Lines, with Musick Notes on them: in her Escut∣cheon a Book opened, with a Hand, pointing to the Figures, I.V.X.L.C.D.M. &c. Ʋnder,

PAR ET IMPAR.

The holding out of her Fingers erect points out to us that ancient manner of Supputation, known of old to most Countries in the World, but now out of use, by the Fingers of both Hands. This Supputation was divided into three parts; Digits, Decades, and Compound Num∣bers. The Digits comprehend all Numbers under ten, the Decads comprehend all tens, as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90. the Com∣pound what was made of the other two, as 19, 27, &c. The Digits 〈…〉〈…〉

were express'd by the three last Fingers, beginning with the little one. The Decads by the Thumb, either single, or in conjunction with the first Finger. Thus far reacheth the Arithmetique of the left Hand; so that, removing to the right, the first Number is an hundred:* 2.88 Ʋnius nu∣merum, quo gestu significabantur in sinistra, translatum in dexteram centena conficere. The Number of a Hundred, by the same gesture,* 2.89 is signi∣fied in the right Hand, that one in the left. And, A numero nonagesimo, qui fuit in laeva, per unius significationem, transferri in dexteram, & ibi cen∣tena constitui. From which kind of Arithmetique we must understand that Greek Epigram of Nicarchus,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Grey-hair'd Cotyttaris, that infernal Scold, Whom Nestor to compare with was not old; Whose many Years the long-liv'd Harts surmount, She on her left Hand twice begins to count. Swift-footed as a Nymph, her sight not fails, Sure, I believe, the Devil something ails.

And this of JUVENAL,

Rex Pylius, magno si quidquam credis Homero, Exemplum vitae fuit à Cornice secundae. Felix nimirum! qui tot per saecula vitam Distulit, atque suos jam dextrâ computat annos.

Nestor, if thou'lt great Homer credit give, As long as did the long-liv'd Raven live; Bless'd thou! who stood'st so many Lustres rage, Till on thy right Hand thou did'st count thy Age.

So that as the Units were counted on the three Fingers of the left, so the first Nine Hundred were counted on the same three Fingers of the right; and as the Decads were counted on the Thumb, and

Fore-Finger of the left, so were the Thousands on the same of the right. Whence we may guess of the Figure of the Fingers, which Pliny* 2.90 mentions in the Statue of Janus, dedicated by Numa, with his Fingers so complicated, that the Note of CCCLXV Days, the signification of a Year, should demonstrate him the God of Time.

Of this manner of Supputation must be understood that Saying of Orontes, who, upon some distast taken by King Artaxerxes, had fallen in∣to disgrace;* 2.91

As the Fingers of Accountants now represent one, now Myriads; so the Friends of Kings now are much in favour, now not at all.

This manner of Supputation seems to have been ordinary among the Romans, used in their Pleadings before the Judge. QUINTILIAN† 2.92, Si actor, non dico, si circa summas trepidat, sed se digitorum incerto solùm, aut indecoro gestu à computatione dissentit, judicatur indoctus.

If the Pleader not onely trembles about the Sums, but if by a doubtful onely, and un∣comely gesture, he differs from the Computation, he is esteemed un∣learned.

Apuleius in his Apologetical Oration before AEMILIANUS, Si triginta annos pro decem dixisses, posses videri pro computationis gestu errâsse, quos circulare debueris, digitos aperuisse. If you had nam'd thirty Years for ten, you might seem to have mistaken in the gesture of your Computation, to have circl'd those Fingers, which you should have opened. And therefore it is very strange, that, after so common an usage of this manner of Computation, it should be so far lost, that none can agree what it was.

The Authour of Arithmetique, according to Aeschylus† 2.93, was Prometheus:

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

The chief of Arts I Numbers found, And first knew Letters to compound.

According to Plato, 'twas Palamedes: but Pliny* 2.94 attributes the Inven∣tion of it to Minerva; Eóque Minervae Templo dicatam legem, quia nu∣merus à Minerva inventus sit.

The ancient Musick-Notes here mention'd, though for many hun∣dred Years buried in obscurity, have been brought to light again out of some Greek Authours of Musick, lately publish'd by Meibomius. The Numbers are sufficiently known, though not so well as those we generally use, lately brought into Europe from the Arabians.

Geometry, a Woman in a pleasant Green, in her Shield a Com∣pass, and a Read; the Inscription,

DESCRIPSIT RADIO TOTUM QUAE GENTIBUS
ORBEM.

Geometry is supposed by the Ancients to have had its original in Aegypt, where, after the yearly overflowings of the River Nile, they were forc'd continually to measure their ground out anew to distin∣guish Propriety. STRABO† 2.95, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 And,* 2.96 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. For which end, because they made use of a Read, it was amongst them ever after for a Symbol of Geometry. So in a Silver Coyn of C. Mamilius, in one side there is a Mercury with a Cap, and Caduceus, on the other Mamilius, with a Read by him, with this Inscription, LI. MET. AN. that is, Limi∣tibus metandis, where we finde hs Office of measuring Land implyed by a Read.

The Compass in her other Hand we have described by OVID,* 2.97

—& ex uno duo ferrea brachia nodo Junxit, ut aequali spatio distantibus illis Altera pars staret, pars altera duceret orbem.

He two-shank'd Compasses with Rivet bound, The one to stand still, th' other turning round, In equal distances.—

The Authour of it, ••alus, being envyed by his Uncle Daedalus for this, and other Inventions, was thrown down headlong by him from the top of Minerva's Tower: but in the middle of his fall, being favour'd by Minerva, the Patroness of Wit, was turn'd into a Bird; which we have in the following Verses:

Daedalus invidit: sacrâque ex arce Minervae Praecipitem misit, lapsum mentitus: at illum,

Quae favet ingeniis, excepit Pallas, avémque Reddidit, & medio velavit in aëre pennis.

— Daedalus thus began, Who from Minerva's sacred Turret flung The envi'd headlong; and his falling fains: Him Pallas, fautor of good Wits, sustains. Who straight the Figure of a Fowl assumes; Clad in the midst of Ayr with freckled Plumes.

Mr. SANDYS.

Astronomy, a Woman in a loose Vestement, Azure, wrought with Stars of Gold, looking up to Heaven: in her Shield a Table, wherein are divers Astronomical Figures; the Inscription,

AURO CIRCUMSPICIT ORIONA.

ASTRONOMY holding a Sphere in her left Hand, in her right a Radius.

So she is described by Martianus Capella. The Sphere, which he gives her, is that of Archimedes, as we see by the Epigram, in which he de∣scribes it,

Ipsa etiam, laevâ, Sphaerâ fulgebat honorâ; Assimilis mundo, sideribúsque fuit. Nam globus, & circi, Zonaeque, ac fulgida signa Nexa recurrebant, arte locata pari. Tellus, quae rapidum consistens suscipit orbem, Puncti instar medio haeserat una loco.

In her left Hand she a Celestial Sphear, Like the great World, glitt'ring with Stars did bear: On the vast Globe the circulating Signes Connexed ran in equidistant Lines

To rapid Orbs; the Earth, the fixed Base, Like a small Point, just in the midst took place.

Navigation, a Woman in Sea-green Habit; in her Escutcheon an Anchor, with a Cable about it; the Inscription,

TUTUM TE LITTORE SISTAM.

While the Nobility passed the Triumphal Arch, the three Sea-men entertained them with this Song from the Stage on the North-side of the Arch.

I.

From Neptune's Wat'ry Kingdoms, where Storms, and Tempests rise so often, As would the World in pieces tear, Should Providence their Rage not soften; From that fluctuating Sphere, Where stout Ships, and smaller Barks Are toss'd like Balls, or feather'd Corks, When briny Waves to Mountains swell, Which dimming oft Heav'n's glitt'ring Sparks, Then descending low as Hell; Through this Crowd, In a Cloud, By a strange, and unknown Spell, We, newly Landing, Got this Standing, All Merry Boys, and Loyal, Our Pockets full of Pay, This Triumphal Day, To make of our Skill a Tryal, Of our little little Skill: Let none then take it ill, We must have no Denyal.

II.

We, who have rais'd, and laid the Poles, Plough'd frozen Seas, and scalding Billows; Now stiff with Cold, then scorch'd on Coals, Ships our Cradles, Decks our Pillows; Mongst threatning Rocks, and treach'rous Shoals, Through Gibraltar's contracted Mouth, And Realms condemn'd to Heat, and Drowth, Or Baltick Waves bound up in Ice, Or Magellane as Cold, though South, Our good Fortune, in a trice, Through this Crowd, In a Cloud, Brings us where, in Paradise, We, newly Landing, Got this Standing, All Merry Boys, and Loyal, Our Pockets full of Pay, This Triumphal Day, To make of our Skill a Tryal, Of our little little Skill: Let none then take it ill, We must have no Denyal.

III.

We, who so often bang'd the Turk, Our Broad-sides speaking Thunder, Made Belgium strike, and proud Dunkirk, Who liv'd by Prize, and Plunder, And routed the Sebastian Shirk; We paid their Poops, and painted Beaks, Cleans'd before and aft their Decks,

Till their Scuppers ran with Gore, Whilst in as fast salt Water breaks; But we are Friends of this no more: Through this Crowd, In a Cloud, We have found a happy Shore, And, newly Landing, Got this Standing; All Merry Boys, and Loyal, Our Pockets full of Pay, This Triumphal Day, To make of our Skill a Tryal, Of our little little Skill: Let none then take it ill, We must have no Denyal.

Besides the three before-named, who sang the precedent Song, there were in like manner habited, like Sea-men, six other Persons, who made a Winde-Musick.

The Musick in the Stage consisted of three Drums, and six Trum∣pets.

On the East-side, Winde-Musick, consisting of six Persons.

On two Balconies, within the Arch, Winde-Musick, consisting of twelve Persons.

On the West-Gallery were placed six Trumpets.

These, and all the other Musick, belonging to this Triumph, per∣formed their Duty without Intermission, till such time, as His Majesty fronted the Figure, which represented Thames, and then ceased; upon which, Thames made the ensuing Speech,

Ten Moons, Great Sir, their Silver Crescents fill'd, Since, mounted on a Billow, I beheld You on the Bridg; but louder Joys there were, That barr'd my Welcomes from Your Sacred Ear:

Now I above my highest Bound have rear'd My Head, to say what could not then be heard.

Hail, Mighty Monarch! whose Imperial Hand Quiets the Ocean, and secures the Land; This City, whom I serve with Neighb'ring Floods, Exporting Yours, importing Foreign Goods, With anxious Grief did long Your Absence mourn; Now with full Joy she welcomes Your Return; Your blest Return! by which she is restor'd To all the Wealth remotest Lands afford. At Your Approach I hasten'd to the Downs, To see Your moving Forts, Your Floating Towns, Your Sovereigns, big with Thunder, plow the Main, And swimming Armies in their Womb contain. You are our Neptune, every Port, and Bay Your Chambers: the whole Sea is Your High-way. Though sev'ral Nations boast their Strength on Land, Yet You alone the Wat'ry World command.

Pardon, great Sir, fair Cynthia checks my stay; But to Your Royal Palace, twice a day, I will repair; there my proud Waves shall wait, To bear our Caesar, and His conqu'ring Fate.

We finde the Speech of the River Tyber on the like Solemnity, the Procession of the Senate, &c. attending on the two Brothers Probinus, and Olybrius, newly elected Consuls, in CLAUDIAN;

Est in Romuleo procumbens Insula Tybri, Quà medius geminas interfluit alveus urbes Discretas subeunte freto, paritérque minantes Ardua turrigerae surgunt in culmina ripae. Hîc stetit, & subitum prospexit ab aggere votum; Ʋnanimes fratres junctos, stipante Senatu,

Ire forum, strictásque procul radiare secures, Atque uno bijuges tolli de limine fasces. Obstupuit visu, suspensáque gaudia vocem Oppressam tenuêre dìu, mox inchoat ore.

Respice, si tales jactas aluisse fluentis, Eurota Spartane, tuis. Quid protulit aequum Falsus olor, valido quamvìs decernere caestu Nôrint, & ratibus saevas arcere procellas? En nova Ledaeis soboles fulgentior astris! Ecce mei cives! quorum jam Signifer optat Adventum, stellisque parat convexa futuris. Jam per noctivagos dominetur Olybrius axes Pro Polluce rubens, pro Castore flamma Probini. Ipsi vela regent: ipsis donantibus auras, Navita tranquillo moderabitur aequore pinum. Nunc pateras libare Deis, nunc solvere multo Nectare corda libet: niveos jam pandite coetus Naiades, & totum violis praetexite fontem: Mella ferent sylvae: jam profluat ebrius amnis, Mutatis in vina vadis: jam sponte per agros Sudent irriguae spirantia balsama venae. Currat, qui sociae roget in convivia mensae Indigenas fluvios, Italis quicunque fuberrant Montibus, Alpinásque bibunt de more pruinas: Vulturnúsque rapax, & Nar vitiatus odoro Sulfure, tardatúsque suis erroribus Ufens: Et Phaëthonteae perpessus damna ruinae Eridanus, flavaeque terens querceta Maricae Liris, &, Oebaliae qui temperat arva, Galesus. Semper honoratus nostris celebrabitur undis Iste dies; semper dapibus recoletur opimis. Sic ait, & Nymphae, patris praecepta sequutae,

Tecta parant peplis; ostróque infecta corusco, Humida gemmiferis illuxit regia mensis.

An Isle 'midst Tyber, with her spreading sides, The City, and his Silver Waves divides: Banks on each Hand, and Tow'r-crown'd Margents rise, Threatning with their approach the lofty Skies; Here standing on a Summit, he survai'd The loving Brothers, and the Cavalcade, As on they march'd, bright Axes born before, And double Rods brought from one single Floor. Amaz'd he stood, long e're his joy could make Way for his strugling Voice, at last he spake.

Spartan Eurota, see, if thou could'st e're Such Brothers boast: compar'd to these, what were The Swan's fair Race, though well they knew the Cest, And how to steer a Fleet with Storms distrest. New Stars, behold! out-shine Ledaean Fires. Behold my People, whom the Sky desires: For future Flames a place Heav'n ready makes. Olybrius shall rule Night's duskie Ax For Pollux, Probine shine for Castor's Star, They Sails shall swell, and gently move the Air, That Sailors through calm Seas may steer the Pine. Now pay Libations, now drink freely Wine. You, Naiades, draw forth your beautious Ranks, And strew with Violets your Fountain Banks: Inebriated Streams, now overflow Your Banks, turn'd Wine; in Woods let Honey grow; The Meads sweat healing Balm; let one strait all The Neighb'ring Rivers to a Banquet call.

All those, who wash th' Ausonian Mountain's Feet, And drink cold Alpine Snow; Vulturnus fleet; Strong-sented Nar; and Ʋfens Streams, that grow, By wand'ring through their own Maeanders, slow; Eridanus too, who makes such pityous moan For loss of his lamented Phaëthon; And Liris feaking off Marica's Groves; Galesus, who Oebalian Fields improves. This day our Waves shall always keep in State, This we with annual Feasts will celebrate. This said, the Nymphs, obeying, thither throng, The Walls, and Roof, with stately Arras hung: His Wat'ry Court with Royal Purple shone, And Boards enchac'd with Pearl, and pretious Stone.

The River Thames having ended his Speech, the three Sea-men, who entertain'd the Nobility with the former Song, addressed the follow∣ing to His Majesty.

I.

King CHARLES, King CHARLES, great Neptune of the Main! Thy Royal Navy rig, And We'll not care a Fig For France, for France, the Netherlands, nor Spain. The Turk, who looks so big, We'll whip him like a Gig About the Mediterrane; His Gallies all sunk, or ta'ne. We'll seize on their Goods, and their Monies, Those Algier Sharks, That Plunder Ships, and Barks, Algier, Sally, and Tunis,

We'll give them such Tosts To the Barbary Coasts, Shall drive them to Harbour, like Conies. Tan tara ran tan tan Tan tara ran tan tara, Not all the World we fear-a; The great Fish-Pond Shall be thine-a Both here, and beyond, From Strand to Strand, And underneath the Line-a.

II.

A Sail, a Sail, I to the Offin see, She seems a lusty Ship; Hoise all your Sails a-trip: We'll weather, weather her, whate're she be. Your Helm then steady keep, And thunder up the Deep, A Man of War, no Merchant She; We'll set her on her Crupper; Give Fire, Bounce, Bounce, Pickeering Villains trounce, Till Blood run in Streams at the Scupper. Such a Break-fast them we shall, Give with Powder, and Ball, They shall need neither Dinner, nor Supper. Tan tara ran tan tan Tan tara ran tan tara, Pickeering Rogues ne're spare-a;

With Bullets pink Their Quarters; Ʋntil they stink, They sink, they sink, Farewel the Devil's Martyrs.

III.

They yield, they yield; shall we the poor Rogues spare? Their ill-gotten Goods, Preserv'd from the Floods, That King CHARLES, and we may share? With Wine then chear our Bloods, And, putting off our Hoods, Drink to His MAJESTY bare, The King of all Compassion: On our Knees next fall T'our Royal Admiral, A Health for His Preservation, Dear JAMES the Duke of YORK, Till our Heels grow light as Cork, The second Glory of our Nation. Tantara ran tan tan Tantara ran tan tara To the Royal Pair-a, Let every man Full of Wine-a Take off his Can, Though wan, though wan, To make his Red Nose shine-a.

The Sea-men having ended their Song, the several sorts of Musick performed their Duty, whilest His Majesty passed on towards Cheap∣side.

At the Stocks the Entertainment was a Body of Military Musick, placed on a Balcony; consisting of six Trumpets, and three Drums: the Fountain there being after the Thuscan Order, venting Wine, and Water.

In like manner, on the Top of the great Conduit, at the Entrance of Cheap-side, was another Fountain, out of which issued both Wine, and Water, as in a Representation of Temperance; and on the several Towers of that Conduit were eight Figures, habited like Nymphs, with Escutcheons in one Hand, and Pendents, or Banners in the other: and between each of them Winde-Musick; the number, eight.

On the Standard also in Cheap-side there was a Band of Waits pla∣ced, consisting of six Persons.

[illustration] archway

THE THIRD ARCH.

THE third Triumphal Arch stands near Wood-street end, not far from the place where the Cross sometimes stood.

It represents an Artificial Building of two Stories, one after the Corinthian way of Architecture, the other after the Composite, representing the TEMPLE of CONCORD; with this Inscription on a Shield,

AEDEM
CONCORDIAE
IN HONOREM OPTIMI PRINCIPIS,
CUJUS ADVENTU
BRITANNIA TERRA MARIQ. PACATA,
ET PRISCIS LEGIBUS REFORMATA EST,
AMPLIOREM SPLENDIDIOREMQ
RESTITUIT
S. P. Q. L.

CONCORD was reputed by the Romans in the number of their Goddesses, as we finde in JUVENAL,

Cui colitur Pax, atque Fides, Concordia, Virtus;

and had several Temples, upon various occasions, vowed, and dedicated to her. There arose a dangerous Feud, which conti∣nued for some Years, between the Senate, and People of Rome: whereupon Furius Camillus* 2.98, turning himself to the Capitol, desired of the Gods, that he might speak, and act that, which might tend to the benefit of the Commonwealth, and reconciliation of the two dissenting

Parties; and to that end vowed a Temple to CONCORD. Where∣fore having called the Senate, after a long, and various Debate, upon certain Conditions, brought the Senate, and People to an Agreement. Which Temple, according to his Vow, by a Decree of the Senate, was erected, and dedicated to CONCORD. This is mention'd, though ob∣scurely, in tabulis Capitolinis; but plainly, by OVID* 2.99:

Nunc bene prospicies Latiam CONCORDIA turbam, Nunc te sacratae constituêre manus. Furius, antiquus populi superator Etrusci, Voverat, & voti solverat ille fidem. Caussa, quòd à Patribus sumptis secesserat armis Vulgus, & ipsa suas Roma timebat opes.

Now maist thou CONCORD, Rome with kindness see, Now sacred Hands a Fane erect for thee. Furius, who conquer'd the Etrurian, made A solemn Vow, which solemnly he paid. Because the People did their Princes beard, Taking up Arms; and Rome her own Wealth fear'd.

The like Vow was made by L. Manlius† 2.100, upon a Mutiny of the Army under his Command, and the Year after the Temple was ere∣cted, and dedicated by M. and C. Atilius Regulus, elected for that pur∣pose. So in the Sedition of Gracchus* 2.101, who encamped on the Aventine, and refused the Conditions offered him by L. Opimius Consul, the Consul immediately vowed a Temple to CONCORD; and after his Victory over those seditions Conspirators, dedicated it in Foro. Which did highly incense the Communalty, who thought that CONCORD could not be founded on the Slaughter of their Fellow-Citizens: and some of them adventured to add this Inscription to the Title of the Temple,

VECORDIAE. OPUS. AEDEM. FACIT. CONCORDIAE.

We finde mention of the like Temples in several Inscriptions, colle∣cted by Gruter; as in this,

D.N. CONSTANTINO. MAXIMO. PIO. FELICI. AC.
TRIUMPHATORI. SEMPER AUGUSTO. OB. AMPLI
CATAM. TOTO. ORBE. REM. PUBLICAM. FACTIS. CON
SILIISQ.
S. P. Q. R.
DE DICANTE. ANICIO. PAULINO. JUNIORE. C.V. COS
ORD. PRAET. URBI.
S. P. Q. R.
AEDEM. CONCORDIAE. VETUSTATE. COL-
LAPSAM. IN MELIOREM. FACIEM. OPERE
ET. CULTU. SPLENDIDIORE. RESTITUE
RUNT.

And in another not unlike the former,

AEDEM. CONCORDIAE. VETUSTATE. COLLAPSAM
AMPLIOREM. OPERE. CULTUQ. SPLENDIDIOREM
RESTITUIT.
S. P. Q. R.

In the Spandrils of the Arch there are two Figures, in Female Habits, leaning: One representing PEACE, the other TRUTH. That of Peace hath her Shield charged with an Helmet, and Bees issuing forth, and going into it; the Word,

PAX BELLO POTIOR.

TRUTH, on the other side, in a thin Habit, on her Shield TIME, bringing Truth out of a Cave; the Word,

TANDEM EMERSIT.

Over the great Painting upon the Arch of the Cupula is represented a large GERYON with three Heads crowned; in his three right-Hands, a Lance, a Sword, and a Scepter; in his three left-Hands the three Escutcheons of England, Scotland, and Ireland: before him the King's Arms with three Imperial Crowns; beneath, in great Letters, CONCORDIA INSUPERABILIS.

GERYON, Son of Chrysaor, and Callirrhoe, according to Hesiod, was feigned by the Poëts to have three Heads, and as many Bodies, who was subdued by Hercules. Of whom VIRGIL* 2.102,

—nam maximus ultor Tergemini nece Geryonis spoliísque superbus, Alcides aderat, taurósque hàc victor agebat Ingentes, vallémque boves amnémque tenebant.

Here the Revenger great Alcides stood, Proud with the triple Geryon's Spoils, and Blood; The Conqu'rour drave his Cattel to these Grounds, Whose Head possess'd the Vale, and River's Bounds.

And more largely SILIUS ITALICUS† 2.103,

Qualis Atlantiaco memoratur littore quondam Monstrum Geryones immane tricorporis irae: Cui tres in pugna dextrae varia armagerebant; Ʋna ignes saevos, ast altera ponè sagittas Fundebat, validam torquebat tertia cornum, Atque uno diversa dabat tria vulnera nisu.

— So (famous in a former Age) That horrid Monster of a Triple rage, Geryon, fought on the Atlantick Shore: Whose three Right-Hands three sev'ral Weapons bore; One cruel Flames, behind him th'other drew His Bow, the third his trusty Jav'lin threw; And dealt three sev'ral ways, at once, a Wound.

The Origination of this Fable, and its Significations, are variously re∣lated. Palaephatus supposed him to have been feigned by the Poets to have three Heads, because he had his Birth in a City on the Euxine Sea, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, of three Heads. Others, that it related to the three Brothers, who unanimously govern'd Spain. And indeed, that Spain, by reason of its Tripartite Division, was signified by the Hie∣roglyphick of Geryon, is not onely the Opinion of some Authours, but appears from a Coyn of the Emperour Hadrian, the third time Con∣sul, in which there is a three-headed Image leaning on a Spear; either to signifie his Peragration of Spain, or his Origination from thence. Others have referr'd this to the Vices of Speech, Body, and Soul, which Hercules overcame; which is confirm'd from the three Apples ordina∣rily held in one Hand of Hercules, still to be seen in a Statue of his in the Farnesie's Palace at Rome, which, Suidas says, alluded to the same.

On the top of the Cupula CONCORD, a Woman in her right-Hand holding her Mantle; in her left-Hand a Caduceus; un∣der her Feet a Serpent strugling, which she seems to tread down.

That a Serpent was a Hieroglyphick of Enmity, and War, (for which cause it is presented trampled under the Feet of CONCORD) ap∣pears from many Writers, Histories, and Medaigles. ARTEMIDORUS* 2.104, A Serpent signifies a Disease, and brings Enmity: according as that hurts any one in his Dream, so shall his Disease, and Enemy. And ACHMET† 2.105, Serpents generally, according to their proportion, signifie Enemies. NICEPHORUS, Patriarch of Constantinople,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Killing a Serpent, think your Enemy you kill.

So DIODORUS says, that, according to the Aegyptians, A Ser∣pent is the Symbol of Hatred. VIRGIL, describing Alecto, endeavour∣ing to raise a War betwixt Turnus and Aeneas, feigns her with two Snakes erect upon her Head;

—Flammea torquens Lumina, cunctantem, & quaerentem dicere plura Reppulit, & GEMINOS erexit crinibus ANGUES: Verberáque insonuit, validóquae haec edidit ore.

Rowling her bloody Eyes, she drives him back, Labouring Requests, and once again to speak: Then with two Serpents from her Snaky Hair She scourging him did thus her Rage declare.

AESCHYLUS, of a Dream of Clytemnestra,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

As she reported, in her Dream she thought, Forth to the World that she a Serpent brought, Swath'd like a tender Infant wanting meat, And, pitying, lays the Monster to her Teat. Milk issued forth commix'd with clotted gore.

From whence Orestes immediately conjectured she was to die by his Hand.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

So she, who gave the Monster life, and breath, Should therefore suffer by a violent Death: And I, like an enraged Serpent, should Kill her my self, and her sad Dream unfold.

* 2.106Which may further be illustrated from several events. TIBERIUS GRACCHUS, in his Bed, was clasp'd about by two Serpents. Which Pro∣digie when the South-sayers had considered, they counselled, that he should nei∣ther kill both, nor let both escape: and further said, that, if he kill'd the Male, it would cost his own life; if the Female, his Wife Cornelia's. TIBERIUS, bear∣ing affection to his Wife, and withall thinking it more agreeable, that he, being the elder, should die first, kill'd the Male, and let the Female escape: and

not long after died. The same evil consequence we finde in the History of C. HOSTILIUS MANCINUS† 2.107; who, as soon as he had gone aboard a Ship, in order to his Voyage to Numantia, on a suddain heard a Voice cry, Stay, MANCINUS. Whereupon he return'd back, and, at Genoa, going aboard again, found a Serpent in the Ship, which escaped from him. He was overthrown, and delivered up to his Enemies. And VALERIUS MAXIMUS* 2.108 says, that in the dissension of M. Fulvius Flaccus about making some Laws, two black Serpents, sliding into the Cell of Minerva, portended inte∣stine Murders. Thus we finde them generally to portend sad Events, but particularly they were the Hieroglyphick of War, and Devasta∣tion. This appears from that known Story of Homer, where he tells us, that, while the Grecians were sacrificing at Aulis, they saw a Dragon devour eight young Sparrows, with the Damm, and makes the Pro∣phet Calchas† 2.109 interpret it the duration of the War for nine years.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

For, as this Serpent, which from th' Altar sprung, Devour'd the woful Mother, and her Young, Which with her tender Issue make up nine: So many Years the Destinies design This War shall last, and we the Tenth destroy The lofty Bulwarks of well-builded Troy.

Where the Dragon signified the War; the number of the Birds, the Continuation of it. So when Hannibal, in a Dream, saw a Serpent of vast magnitude throwing down Rocks, Woods, and Towns, and en∣quired of the Gods the meaning of it, they return'd this Answer† 2.110,

BELLA vides optata tibi; te maxima BELLA, Te strages nemorum, te toto turbida coelo Tempestas, caedésque virûm, magnaeque ruinae Idaei generis, lachrymosáque fata sequuntur. Quantus per campos populatis montibus actas Contorquet sylvas squallenti tergore SERPENS,

Et latè humectat terras spumante veneno: Tantus, perdomitis decurrens Alpibus, atro Involves BELLO Italiam: tantóque fragore Eruta convulsis prosternes oppida muris.

—Thou do'st see The War so much desir'd, and sought by Thee. Thee greatest Wars attend; the dreadful Fall Of Woods, and Forests, with high Storms, that all The Face of Heav'n disturb; the Slaughter Thee, And Death of Men; the great Calamity Of the Idaean Race, and saddest Fate Do follow, and upon thee daily wait. As great, and terrible, as that dire Snake, Which now the Mountains with his Scaly Back Depopulates, and drives the Forests through The Fields before him, and doth Earth imbrue With frothy Poison: Such thou, having past, And overcome the Alps, with War shalt wast All Italy; and, with a Noise as great, The Cities, and their Walls, shalt ruinate.

Mr. ROSS.

Which is evidently seen in some Medaigles of the Roman Emperours, as in this Reverse of Augustus's.

* 2.111

[illustration] coin obverse

Num. C. CAES OCTAV

CAESAR IMP VII.

[illustration] coin reverse

RECEPTA ASIA

Where two Serpents, that is, the Hostility, and Dissension of the Roman Empire, divided into two Factions, that of Augustus, and Antony, are se∣parated

by an intervening Victory; that of Augustus at Actium, and Alexandria. That upon these Victories this Coyn was stamp'd, may be collected from the Inscription on the other side, CAESAR IMP. VII. that is annus U. C. DCCXXIV. in which* 2.112 Year he triumph'd for the two Victories before-mention'd. The same is to be seen in a Reverse of M. Antony's.

* 2.113

[illustration] coin obverse

Num: M. ANTONII. III VIRI.

M. ANTONIVS IMP. COS DESIG ITERIT••••••

[illustration] coin reverse

III. VIR. R. P. C.

Where a Woman (supposed to be CONCORD, with the Face of Octavia, Sister to Augustus, and Wife to M. Antony,) in a long Stole, holding in her left Hand a pure Spear, in her right a Pontifical Vessel, parts two Serpents, signifying the Armies of Augustus, and Antony. Which Interpretation of this Coyn is very much confirm'd from History. For this Pacification, obtain'd by the Prudence of Octavia, happened anno U. C. DCCXVI. Agrippa, and Gallus, being Consuls. That this Coyn was stamp'd after the Year DCCXIV.* 2.114 (the time of the Peace between Sext. Pompey, C. Caes. Octavianus, and Antony,) appears from the In∣scription on the other side, M. ANTONIUS IMP. COS. DESIG. ITER. ET. TERT. for Appian* 2.115 says, that, after that Peace, the Consulships were appointed for the next four Years. For the first, An∣tony, and Libo (which Antony had been Consul before with Julius Caesar;) next, Caesar, and Pompey; after them Ahenobarbus, and Sossius; last, Caesar, and Antony: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, then to become the third time Consuls.

On the West-side, the third great Figure, a Woman standing at the Helm of a Ship; in her left Hand, a Cornu-copiae; the Word, FORTUNAE REDUCI.

FORTƲNE was not more various, and unconstant in her Motions, then those, that painted her, in their Descriptions. The first

was Bupalus, who put a Celestial Orb (which Pierius unhappily chang'd, by the mistake of one Vowel, into a Foal) on her Head, and a Cornu-copiae in her left Hand; as we finde her in a Reverse of a Coyn of the Emperour Gallienus, with this Inscription, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 After∣wards, some feigned her either standing upon a Stone, or the top of some Mountain exposed to the Winds, or upon a Wheel: others, upon the Prow of a Ship, holding a Sail with both her Hands; which is frequent in Greek Medaigles. PAUSANIAS makes mention of a Temple of Fortune, in which there was her Statue, holding a young Plutus, the God of Riches, in her Hand: as we finde her in ARISTOPHANES* 2.116, to signifie, that she was the Mother, and Nurse of Wealth. Some at∣tributed Wings to her, as EUSEBIUS mentions. HORACE† 2.117,

— si celeres quatit Pennas, resigno quae dedit. —

If she her nimble Pinions wave, I straight resign whate're she gave.

The Scythians, both Wings, and Hands, but no Feet. When APELLES was asked, why he made Fortune sitting, he answered, Be∣cause she never stood. But we shall onely take notice of what is here before us. In the same manner we finde her described in a Stone, in∣sculp'd on both sides, with this Inscription on one,

NUM. DOM. AUG. SACRUM. FORTUNAE CONSERVATRICI HORRE
OR. GALBANORUM. M. LORINUS FORTUNATUS MAGISTER S. P. B. D.

with the Image of Fortune, holding in her left Hand a Cornu-copiae, in her right the Helm of a Ship: and so we finde her too in a Reverse of a Coyn of TRAJAN the Emperour, mention'd by OCCO. The like says LACTANTIUS* 2.118, Effingebatur quidem Fortuna cum Cornu∣copia, & Gubernaculo; tanquam opes tribuere putaretur, & humanarum rerum regimen obtinere: Fortune was made with a Cornu-copiae, and the Helm of a Ship, as if she were reputed the Disposer of Wealth, and had the Government of Humane Affairs. And PLUTARCH† 2.119, after va∣rious instances on each side, at length concludes, that the Roman Em∣pire ought more to Fortune, then to Valour, or Prudence: and therefore says, that, having left the Persians, and Assyrians, she lightly flew over

Macedonia, and presently she shaked off ALEXANDER; then pas∣sing through Aegypt, and Syria, often tryed the Carthaginians: but when she had once passed the Tyber, and entered the Palace, she laid aside her Wings, put off her Talaria, and forsook her unfaithful, and ever-mu∣table Sphere, as if she intended to stay there for ever. Indeed the Ro∣mans did confess as much; who, having dedicated sundry Temples to Fortune, with all variety of Honour, in the most eminent places of the City, never erected one to Virtue, or Valour, till the time of Marcellus, that took Syracuse; or of Scipio Numantinus, about the† 2.120 five hundred sixty and third year after the building of the City. To Prudence never dedicated to any. Among the rest of Fortune's Titles none more frequent, then this of REDUX, to whom we read that DOMITIAN the Emperour built a Temple, mention'd by MARTIAL* 2.121,

Hìc ubi FORTUNAE REDUCI fulgentia latè Templa nitent.—

Here, where bright Fanes to RETURN'D FORTUNE shine.

Temples of the like nature are mention'd too by CLAUDIAN,

Aurea FORTUNAE REDUCI si Templa priores Ob reditum vovêre Ducum, non digniùs unquam Haec Dea pro meritis amplas sibi posceret aedes, &c.

If they to FORTUNE REDUX vow'd of old, Their Chiefs return'd with Conquest, Fanes of Gold; The Goddess never more deserv'd then now, That we should stately Temples her allow.

There are also many Medaigles, and those antient, of several Emper∣ours with the same Inscription,

[illustration] coin

CAESARI AVGVSTO

[illustration] coin

FORT RED CAIS-AVO-S.P.Q.R.

Above there are eight living Figures with Pennons, and Shields, repre∣senting the four Cardinal Virtues, each with an Attendant.

PRUDENCE, on her Shield Bellerophon on a Pegasus, running his Javelin into the Mouth of a Chimera; the Word,

CONSILIO ET VIRTUTE.

Bellerophon was the Son of Glaucus King of Corinth, renown'd both for Prudence, Courage, Beauty, and Modesty. Of whom thus HOMER† 2.122,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. —

— Glaucus Bellerophon, In whom all Good concenter'd as in one: And Heav'n this Prince a Pers'nage did afford, Which all admir'd. —

The Poëts feign many Stories of him. They say, he went to Praetus, King of the Argivi, by whom at first he was kindly entertain'd. But be∣ing afterwards falsly accused by Antea, the Wife of Praetus, for offering to tempt her Chastity, he sent him to Iobates, King of Lycia, with a Letter written purposely to have him kill'd, Iobates, to pleasure Praetus, sent Bellerophon against the Chimaera. But Minerva, the Goddess of Prudence, and Valour, protected his Innocence. Wherefore she bri∣dled Pegasus, and delivered it to him. Upon whom being mounted, he slew the Chimaera with his Javelin. After which Victory he sent him against the Solymi (a Nation betwixt Lycia, and Pamphylia) and the Amazons. From whence he returned also Conquerour; Iobates, mo∣ved with his Prudence, and Valour, gave him to Wife his Daughter Philonoë, and afterwards dying, left him Successour in his Kingdom. Of which largely HOMER* 2.123,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

First he commands him stern Chimaera kill: This hideous Monster, of no Mortal Race, A Dragon's Tail had, and a Lion's Face, Back'd like a shaggy Goat, still belching Flame: This by Divine Assistance he o're-came. Next he against renowned Solym fought; This Victory, he said, was dearly bought. He last against the Amazons prevail'd.

But, when he saw all open Forces fail'd, He fell to close contrivance, and did lay An Ambuscade to kill him in his way; Not one return'd of all, that were employ'd, All were by bold Bellerophon destroy'd: But when he knew he was of Heav'nly Blood, His onely Daughter he on him bestow'd, Investing straight with half his Regal Power.

The Chimaera is in the same manner described also by HESIOD* 2.124,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

She bore Chimaera belching dreadful Fire, Mighty, and strong, extremely swift, and dire. Three Heads the Monster had; a Lion's first, And next a Goat's, a Serpent's last, and worst. A Dragon's Tail she had, and Lion's Face, Back'd like a Goat, belching out Flames apace; Whom Pegasus took, and stout Bellerophon.

VIRGIL* 2.125 also makes a Chimaera on the Helmet of Turnus, vomiting forth Fire;

Cui, triplici crinita jubâ, galea alta Chimaeram Sustinet, Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignes. Tam magis illa fremens, & tristibus effera flammis, Quàm magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae.

On's Crest Chimaera, through a triple Tyre Of bushy Horse-Mains, breath'd Aetnaean Fire. Strangely it roars, and Flame more fiercely glows, When in the Battel blood in Rivers flows.

From that part of the History, wherein Minerva is said to bridle Pega∣sus for Bellerophon, there was built a Temple, and Statue of Minerva cal∣led 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Fraenatrix; as PAUSANIAS† 2.126 relates.

That Bellerophon was the Son of Glaucus, King of Corinth, appears from a Medaigle of the Corinthians yet extant, on the Reverse of which is Bellerophon mounted on Pegasus, slaying the Chimaera with his Javelin: on the other side VENƲS, with this Inscription 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because at Corinth VENƲS had a most splendid Temple. There is also a Coyn of C. Caesar's, in which Bellerophon kills the Chimaera, with this Inscription COL. JUL. COR. that is, Corinth the Colony of Julius Caesar. Because C.J. Caesar restored the City of Co∣rinth,

utterly destroyed before by Mummius, as we finde in DIO, and in PAUSANIAS in the beginning of his Corinthiaca.

[illustration] coin

COL IVL. CO

[illustration] coin

Q. CAECILNI•••••• C. HEIO.PAD II. VIR

What the Antients did denote by this Triple Form of Chimaera, is doubtful. NYMPHODORUS the Syracusan says, that Chimaera was a Mountain of Lycia, which perpetually vomited forth Fire, on the top of which lived Lions, in the middle (where were spatious pleasant Me∣dows) Goats, at the bottom Dragons. Which Mountain when Bel∣lephoron had rendred habitable, he was said to have slain Chimaera. But Antigonus Carystius says, it signified onely the People of three several Nations conquered by Bellerophon.

JUSTICE, on her Shield a Woman holding a Sword in one Hand, a Balance in the other; the Word, QUOD DEXTERA LIBRAT.

Though this Description of JUSTICE, with a Balance in one Hand, hath been by late Writers accounted modern, yet it appears from Occo to have been antient, who thus found her represented in the Reverse of a Coyn of Trajan the Emperour, with a Caduceus in the other Hand: if he mistook her not for Moneta Aug. constantly so de∣scribed; as may be seen in the Coyns of Antoninus, and other Emperours.

[illustration] coin

IMP. C.M.AN. FLORIANVS. P. F. AVG.

[illustration] coin

MONETA AV G.

TEMPERANCE, a Viol in her left Hand, a Bridle in her right; the Word,

FERRE LUPATA DOCET.

FORTITUDE, a Lyon having the Arms of England, in an Escutcheon; the Word,

CUSTOS FIDISSIMUS.

The internal Part of this Triumph, or Temple, is Round, the upper part Dark, onely enlightened by Artificial Lights; the lower part divided into ten Parts by Pilasters with Pedestals.

Within the Temple are twelve living Figures, three placed above the Rest.

The First the Goddess of the Temple in rich Habit, with a Cadu∣ceus in her Hand, and a Serpent at her Feet. Behind the Goddess, a Man in a Purple Gown, like a Citizen of London, presenting the KING with an Oaken Garland. Over the KING'S Head,

PATER PATRIAE.

Over the Citizen's,

S. P. Q. L. OB CIVES SERVATOS.

There were several sorts of Crowns in use among the Romans, ac∣cording to the variety of the Deserts of those, who were rewarded with them; Obsidionales, Murales, Castrenses, Navales, Rostratae, Ci∣vicae.

The Obsidionalis was given to him, who had rais'd a Siege; which was made of the Grass, that grew in the place besieged: and this was ac∣counted more† 2.127 honourable then any of the rest. The first among the Romans, that was rewarded with this sort of Crown, was Q. Cincinnatus; after him P. Decius, and L. Sicinius Dentatus, Calpurnius Flamma, and others.

The Mural Crown was the reward of him that first scal'd the Walls, and entred the place assaulted; mention'd by SILIUS ITALICUS* 2.128,

Fulvius ût finem spoliandis aedibus, aere Belligero revocante, dedit; sublimis ab alto

Suggestu (magnis autor non futilis ausis) Lavino generate, inquit, quem Sospita Juno Dat nobis, Milo, Gradivi cape victor honorem, Tempora Murali cinctus turrita coronâ.

But when, from Plunder of the Town, agen The Gen'ral, by the Trumpet's sound, his Men Had call'd (a Noble Cherisher of great Attempts) to Milo, from his lofty Seat, He thus began; Lanuvian Youth, whom we From Juno Sospita receive, from me This Martial Honour for thy Victory Accept, and 'bout thy Tower'd Temples try This Mural Crown.—

Mr. Ross.

And in another place† 2.129,

—phaleris hic pectora fulget, Hic torque aurato circumdat bellica colla; Ille nitet celsus Muralis honore coronae.

—here shining stood One with rich Trappings on his Breast, and there Another on his Warlick Neck did wear A Golden Chain: this with a Mural Crown Was honour'd, —

The Castrensis belong'd to him, that first entered the Tents of the Ene∣my: which, in the Infancy of the Roman Empire, was made of Leaves. With such an one Romulus rewarded Host••us Hostilius, Grand-Father to Tul••us Hostilius, King of Rome: afterwards of Gold. This, without que∣stion, is the same with that, which otherwise is call'd Vallaris.

The Corona Navalis, or Rostrata, (for they seem not to be diffe∣rent, however Lipsius distinguisheth them) was the reward of him, that first boarded the Enemie's Ship, and took it: with this sort of Crown

POMPEY the Great honoured M. Varro; and AUGUSTUS Agrippa. The Form of it is still preserv'd in the Coyns of Agrippa, * 2.130

[illustration] coin

CA

This is it, which VIRGIL* 2.131 mentions,

Tempora Navali fulgent rostrata coronâ, His Brows, deck'd with a Naval Garland, shone.

But that, which gave us occasion to mention these, is the Corona Ci∣vica, given to him, that in single Combat had rescued a Citizen, and slain the Enemy on the place: and this was made of Oak. LU••••N† 2.132,

— Emeritíque gerens insignia doni Servati civis referentem praemia quercum.

—Crown'd with an Oaken Wreath, Rewards for such, a Roman sav'd from Death.

CLAUDIAN* 2.133,

Mos erat in veterum castris, ut tempora quercus Velaret, validis fuso qui viribus hoste Casurum potuit morti subducere civem.

'Twas th'ancient Guise in Camps, an Oaken Bough Should wreath his Temples, who had slain a Fo, And off a Citizen in danger brought.

And in another place† 2.134,

Hunc cingit Muralis honos, hunc Civica quercus Nexuit, hunc domitis ambit Rostrata carinis.

This Mural Honour crowns, that Civick Boughs, This wreaths his Head with conquer'd Gallies Prows.

These were ordinarily prefix'd the Entrance of the Emperour's Pa∣laces, as being populi Servatores. OVID* 2.135,

Ante fores stabis, mediámque tuebere quercum, Protegat & nostras querna corona fores.

Thou shalt protect the middle Oak before The Gates; let Oaken Garlands save our Dore.

In another place,

En domus haec, dixi, Jovis est; quod ut esse probarem, Augurium menti querna corona dabat.

Behold, said I, this is Jove's House; I know By th'Oaken Wreath, that needs it must be so.

Which seems to be derived from JULIUS CAESAR: of whose Statues thus APPIAN, speaking of the Honours decreed to him; There were several Figures inscribed on his Effigies: on some a Crown of Oak, as dedicated to the Saviour of his Countrey. And DIO of Au∣gustus; When he denied the Monarchy, and discoursed of dividing the Pro∣vinces, it was decreed, that Laurels should be set up before his Palace, and a Crown of Oak hung over them, to signifie, that he was constantly overthrowing his Enemies, and saving his Fellow-Citizens. The memory of which Honour conferred on him is preserved in several of his Coyns: in one there is a Crown of Oak betwixt two Branches of Laurel.

[illustration] coin

CAESAR OB CIVIS SER AVGVSTVS

In another the same Crown betwixt two CAPRICORNS (he was born under that Sign) with a Globe, and the Helm of a Ship.

[illustration] coin

DIVO AVGVSTO S. P. Q. R. OB CIVIS SER

In one this Inscription, within the Crown of Oak, SALUS HUMANI GENERIS: to which PLINY* 2.136, without question, alluded in those words, Dedit AUGUSTUS Rostratam coronam AGRIPPAE, sed CIVICAM à genere humano recepit ipse.

There are several reasons propounded by PLUTARCH, and others after him, why this Crown should be made of this material; but none so probable as this, because the Oak was sacred to JUPITER and JUNO Conservatoribus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

The Habit of VENUS 'tis something difficult in particular to de∣liver; the antient Artists having been more willing to form her naked, as appears from the Statues of her still remaining in Rome, and from this Poem of ANACREON upon VENƲS engraved on a Basin,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

What bold Hand the Sea engraves, Whilst its undermined Waves

In a Dishe's narrow round Art's more pow'rful Rage doth bound? See by some Promethean mind Cytherea there design'd, Mother of the Deities, Expos'd naked to our Eyes In all parts, save those alone, Modesty will not have shown, Which for Cov'ring onely have The thin Mantle of a Wave: On the Surface of the Main, Which a smiling Calm lays plain, She, like frothy Sedges, swims, And displays her Snowy Limbs, &c.

Mr. STANLEY.

Yet, because there is something of it particular to her, we shall give some account of it from CLAƲDIAN, who thus describes her Dress, when she was going to the Wedding of HONORIƲS the Emperour:

—natum gremio Cytherea removit: Et crines festina ligat, peplúmque fluentem Allevat, & blando spirantem numine ceston Cingitur, impulsos pluviis quo mitigat amnes, Quo mare, quo ventos, iratáque fulmina solvit.

Venus the Boy lays from her Breast; Binds up her Hair, and tucks her flowing Vest; Girds on her Cestus breathing pow'rful love, Which calms swoln Rivers by a Deluge drove, The raging Seas, rough Winds, and thund'ring Jove.

What this Cestos is, may best be known from HOMER† 2.137, who is the first, that mention'd it:

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

This saying, off she takes her curious Cest, Where all Allurements were of Love exprest, Dalliance, Desire, Courtship, and Flatt'ries, which The wisest with their Sorceries bewitch.

The Roses, and Dolphin, in the Hands of CUPID, signifie his Domi∣nion on Land, and Sea: of which there is extant an Epigram of PALLADAS,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

The Dolphin he, nor Roses holds in vain: In this Hand Earth, in that he holds the Main.

ANACREON,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

Roses, of all Flow'rs the King; Roses, the fresh Pride o'th Spring, Joy of ev'ry Deity; Love, when with the Graces he For the Ball himself disposes, Crowns his Golden Hair with Roses.

Of the Dolphin largely OPPIAN,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

The Dolphin rules the Scaly Flocks, endow'd With Strength, and Swiftness; of his Beauty proud: He, like a Lance discharg'd, through Billows flyes, And dazling Flames darts from his glaring Eyes, Finding out Fish, that frighted sculk in Holes, Or Caves, and bed themselves in Sand like Moles.

As Eagles monarch it 'mongst fearful Birds; As Lions Tyrants act 'mongst subject Herds; As much as cruel Serpents Worms excel: So Dolphins Princes in the Ocean dwell. No Fish dares them approach, nor be so bold His Eyes, and dreadful Visage to behold. Far from the Tyrant, fearing suddain Death, Frighted they fly; fainting for want of Breath. But when the Dolphin, hungry, hunts out Food, The Silver Frie in Troops amazed scud, Filling each way with fear: then Caves, and Holes, Rocks, Bays, and Harbours fill with frighted Shoals. From all parts driven he selects the best, Choosing from Thousands out a plenteous Feast.

Of the nine lesser Figures; the first bears, on a Shield, the King of Bees flying alone; a Swarm following at some distance: the Word,

REGE INCOLUMI MENS OMNIBUS UNA.

The Second, on his Shield, a Testudo advancing against a Wall; the Word,

CONCORDIAE CEDUNT.

"The Third, a Shield charged with Hearts; the Word,

HIC MURUS AHENEUS ESTO.

The Fourth, like a Spread-Eagle with two Heads, one of an Eagle, the other of an Estrich; in the Mouth of the Estrich an Horse-shoe, in the Talon of the Eagle a Thunderbolt; the Word,

PRAESIDIA MAJESTATIS.

The Fifth, a Bundle of Javelins; the Word,

UNITAS.

The Sixth, two Hands joyned athwart the Escutcheon, as from the Clouds, holding a Caduceus with a Crown; the Word,

FIDE ET CONSILIO.

The Seventh, Arms laid down, Guns, Pikes, Ensigns, Swords; the Word,

CONDUNTUR, NON CONTUNDUNTUR.

The Eighth, a Caduceus, with a Winged Hat above, and Wings be∣neath, two Cornu-copiaes coming out at the middle, supported by a Gar∣land; the Word,

VIRTUTI FORTUNA COMES.

The Ninth, a Bright Star striking a gleam through the midst of the Escutcheon; the Word,

MONSTRANT REGIBUS ASTRA VIAM.

With these Figures is intermingled a Band of twenty four Violins.

The Bases, and Capitals within this Triumph, are as Brass, and the Pillars Steel.

The Triumph thus adorned, and the several Musick playing, all passed through, till such time as His Majesty came to the middle of the

Temple, at which time the three principal living Figures, viz. CONCORD, LOVE, and TRUTH, who till then had not been seen, were, by the drawing of a Curtain, discovered, and entertained His Majesty with the following Song.

I.

Comes not here the King of Peace, Who, the Stars so long fore-told, From all Woes should us release, Converting Iron-times to Gold?

II.

Behold, behold! Our Prince confirm'd by Heav'nly Signs, Brings healing Balm, Brings healing Balm, and Anodynes, To close our Wounds, and Pain asswage.

III.

He comes with conquering Bays, and Palm, Where swelling Billows us'd to rage, Gliding on a silver Calm; Proud Interests now no more engage.

Chorus,

Let these arched Roofs resound, Joyning Instruments, and Voice, Fright pale Spirits under Ground; But let Heav'n and Earth rejoyce,

We our Happiness have found. He, thus marching to be Crown'd, Attended with thus Glorious Train, From civil Broils Shall free these Isles, Whilst He, and His Posterity shall reign,

I.

Who follow Trade, or study Arts, Improving Pasture, or the Plow, Or furrow Waves to Foreign Parts, Ʋse your whole Endeavours now.

II.

His Brow, His Brow Bids your Hearts, as well as Hands, Together joyn, Together joyning bless these Lands; Peace, and Concord, never poor, Will make with Wealth these Streets to shine, Ships freight with Spice, and Golden Ore, Your Fields with Honey, Milk, and Wine, To supply our Neighbours Store.

The first Song ended, CONCORD addressed her self to His Ma∣jesty, in these words,

Welcome, great Sir, to CONCORD'S Fane; Which Your Return built up again; You have her Fabrick rear'd so high, That the proud Turrets kiss the Skie. Tumult by You, and Civil War In Janus Gates imprison'd are.

By You, the King of Truth, and Peace; May all Divisions ever cease! Your Sacred Brow the blushing Rose, And Virgin Lily twin'd enclose! The Caledonian Thistle-Down Combine with these t'adorn Your Crown! No Discord in th' Hibernian Harp! Nought in our Duty flat, or sharp! But all conspire, that You, as Best, May 'bove all other Kings be Blest.

The Speech ended, His Majesty, at His going off, was entertained with the following Song,

With all our Wishes, Sir, go on, Our CHARLES, three Nations Glory; That Worlds of Eyes may look upon, Behinde, Sir, and before Ye; Go great Exemplar of our British Story, Paternal Crowns assume, That then Your Royal Name May, registred by Fame, Smell like a sweet Perfume: Not writ in Marble, Brass, or Gold, Nor sparkling Gems, Such as shine in Diadems, But where all Nations may behold With brighter Characters enroll'd, On th' Azure Vellum of configur'd Stars; Who fix'd, with gentle Smiles, Two fluctuating Isles, And built well-grounded Peace on Civil Wars.

On the little Conduit, at the lower End of Cheap-side, were placed four Figures, or Nymphs, each of them having an Escutcheon in the one Hand, and a Pendent in the other.

In a Balcony, erected at the Entrance of Pater-noster-Row, were placed His Majestie's Drums, and Fife; the number of Persons, eight.

Between that and Ludgate there were two other Balconies erected: in one was placed a Band of six Waits; in the other, six Drums.

On the Top of Ludgate six Trumpets.

At Fleet-Bridge, a Band of six Waits.

On Fleet-Conduit were six Figures, or Nymphs, clad in White, each with an Escutcheon in one Hand, and a Pendent in the other; as also a Band of six Waits. And on the Lanthorn of the Conduit was the Figure of Temperance, mixing Water and Wine.

[illustration] archway

UBERITATI AU EXTINCTO BELLI CIVIL D••CENDID CLUSOQ. IA•••• 〈…〉〈…〉

THE FOURTH ARCH.

IN Fleet-street, near White-Friers, stands the fourth Trium∣phal Arch, representing the Garden of PLENTY; it is of two Stories, one of the Dorick Order, the other of the Ionick. The Capitals have not their just Measure, but incline to the Modern Architecture.

Ʋpon the great Shield over the Arch, in large Capitals, this Inscri∣ption, UBERITATI
AUG.
EXTINCTO BELLI CIVILIS INCENDIO,
CLUSOQVE JANI TEMPLO,
ARAM CELSISS.
CONSTRUXIT
S. P. Q. L.

To Ʋberity, or Plenty, there are frequent Dedications amongst the

Reverses of the Coyns of the Roman Emperours; as of AUGUSTUS, and GALIENUS,

[illustration] coin

IMP. C.C. VID. TRED. G••LLVS. ••VG.

[illustration] coin

UDERITAS AUG

She is represented in a long Stole, or Mantle, the proper Habit of Wo∣men, holding in one Hand a Patera, or little Cup; in the other a Cornu∣copia. The latter is well known to be the Embleme of Plenty. Its original related by OVID* 2.138: which, though unknown to few, the elegancy of the Relation will not give me leave to omit.

— rigidum fera dextera cornu Dum tenet, infregit; truncáque à fronte revellit. Naiades hoc pomis, & odoro flore repletum Sacrârunt: divésque meo bona copia cornu est.

— my Brow he disadorns, By breaking one of my engaged Horns. The Naiades with Fruits, and Flow'rs this fill, Wherein abundant Plenty riots still.

The Patera, or little Cup, which she holdeth in the other Hand, is frequent in other Figures of Reverses; as

[illustration] coin

M. ANTON. M.F.M. N.AVG. IMP. TER.

What is meant by EXTINCTO BELLI CIVILIS INCENDIO, the extinction of the Flames of Civil War, is fortu∣nately known to us all, and may serve to explicate what follows, CLUSOQUE JANI TEMPLO, the shutting of Janus's Temple: a Rite instituted by NUMA, according to LIVY: Numa Regno potitus Ʋrbem novam, conditam vi & armis, Jure eam Legibúsque ac Moribus de integro condere parat: quibus cùm inter bella assuescere vi∣deret non posse (quippe efferatis militiâ animis) mitigandum ferocem populum armorum desuetudine ratus, Janum ad infimum Argiletum, indicem Pacis Bellique fecis: APERTUS, ut in armis esse civitatem; CLAUSUS, pacatos circa omnes populos significaret. NUMA, being possess'd of the Kingdom, applyed himself to reform the new City, which was built by Force, and Arms, and to build it anew by Rites, Laws, and Institutions: with which perceiving, that in the midst of War it was not possible to be effected, by reason that their minds were made rough and fierce by Arms; he conceiving that the fierce People might by their disaccustomance be made mild, he built a Temple to Janus at the bottom of Argiletus, the signifier of Peace, and War: which being OPENED, shewed that the City was in Arms; SHUT, that they were in peace with all Nations. This VARRO* 2.139 confirms, The Janual Gate is so call'd from Janus: and therefore an Image of Janus is plac'd there and a Rite instituted by▪ NUMA POMPILIUS (as LUCIUS PISO in his Annals relates) that it should be always SHUT but in the time of War. We finde no where, that it was OPENED in the time of POMPILIUS. PLUTARCH, in the Life of NUMA, There is at Rome a Temple also of JANUS, with a two-leav'd Gate, which they call Polemopyle, the Gate of War. For it was decreed, that in the time of War that Temple should be OPEN; in Peace, SHUT. But VIRGIL† 2.140 derives this Institution higher,

Mos erat Hesperio in Latio, quem protinus urbes Albanae coluêre sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit, cùm prima movent in praelia Martem; Sive Getis inferre manu lachrymabile Bellum, Hyrcanísve Arabísve parant, seu tendere ad Indos Aurorámque sequi, Parthósque reposcere signa.

Sunt geminae BELLI PORTAE (sic nomine dicunt) Relligione sacrae, & saevi formidine Martis.

Centum aerei claudunt vectes, aeternáque ferri Robora, nec custos absistit limine Janus. Has (ubi certa sedet Patribus sententia pugnae) Ipse, Quirinali trabeâ, cinctúque Gabino Insignis, RESERAT stridentia LIMINA Consul: Ipse vocat pugnas, sequitur tum caetera pubes, Aereáque assensu conspirant cornua rauco.

There was an antient use in Latium, Which Alban Towns held sacred, and now Rome, Greatest in pow'r, observes; when they prepare 'Gainst Arabs, Getes, or fierce Hyrcanians War, Or march to India, or the Eastern Main, Or Ensigns from the Parthians to regain.

Two Gates there be, are stil'd the PORTS OF WAR, Sacred to Mars with reverential fear, Shut with an hundred Iron, and Brazen Bands, There in the Porch bifronted Janus stands. Here, when the Senate have a War decreed, The Consul, glorious in his Regal Weed, And Gabine Robe, doth groaning Gates unbar, In his own Person then proclaims the War. The valiant Youth, attending, guard him round, And doleful Trumpets Diapasons sound.

This Temple was shut several times. First in the Reign of NUMA POMPILIUS, as PLUTARCH* 2.141 testifies. Next, after the se∣cond PUNICK War, by T. MANLIUS Consul, says LIVY† 2.142. Thrice by AUGUSTUS: once after the Victory at Actium, about the time of the Nativity of our SAVIOUR; and then most justly, when there was an ƲNIVERSAL PEACE over the whole World.

Of which last there is a Monument extant at this day in Spain:

IMP. CAES. DIVI F. AUGUSTUS PONT. MAX.
COS. XII. TRIBUNIC. POTEST. X. IMP. VIII.
ORBE MARI ET TERRA PACATO
TEMPLO JANI CLUSO
ET REP. P.R. OPTIMIS LEGIB. ET SANCTISS. INSTITUTIS REFORMATA
VIAM SUPERIORUM COSS. TEMPORE INCHOATAM
PRO DIGNITATE IMPERII LATIOREM LONGIOREMQUE
GADEIS USQUE PERDUXIT.

And at this time it may properly be said to be shut at the fortunate arri∣val of our Sacred Sovereign into His Kingdoms, at what time there was a GENERAL PEACE throughout all Christendom.

There is also a Coyn of AUGUSTUS, whose Reverse is the Temple of JANUS shut; the Inscription, JAN. CLU. not to mention that of NERO, PACE TERRA MARIQUE PARTA JANUM CLUSIT.* 2.143

[illustration] coin obverse

LAN CLV

[illustration] coin reverse

PACE PR TERRA MARIO PARTA IANVM••VS••T

Over the Postern, on the South-side of the Entrance is BACCHUS, a Youth in a Chariot drawn by Tigres; the Reins, Vine-Branches; his Mantle, a Panther's Skin, his Crown, of Grapes, and Ivy; a Thyrsus in his left Hand, a Cup in his right: underneath, LIBER PATER.

The Painting over this represents SILENUS on his Ass, Satyres dancing round about, in Drunken and Antick Postures: the Prospect, a Vine-yard.

The Statues of BACCHUS were of a very different form among the Antients. MACROBIUS* 2.144, Liberis Patris simulacra partim pue∣rili aetate, partim juvenili fingebantur; praetereà barbatâ specie, senili quoque, &c. The Images of BACCHUS were partly like Boys, others like Youths, some with Beards, some like Old men. ULPIAN† 2.145, Chorus's of all Ages contended in the Feasts of BACCHUS, because they fram'd him of every Shape; for they paint him a Boy, an Old, and a Young man. Of which MACROBIUS gives this Physical Reason, esteeming BAC∣CHUS to be the same with the SUN; Because the Sun in the Winter Sol∣stice may seem a Boy, the days being then the shortest; but, by continual en∣creases in the Spring Aequinox, may seem a Youth; in the Summer Solstice, at his full age; afterwards in his diminution, an Old man. In the form of an Old man we finde him worship'd by the Graecians, under the Name of Bassareus, and Bryseus; and at Naples under the Name of Hebon: MACROBIUS in the same place. Of Hebon there is still remaining this Monument,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

So PAUSANIAS* 2.146 tells us of a Bearded Statue of Bacchus hold∣ing a Golden Cup in his Hand. But most frequently he is represented in the form of a Boy, or Youth. TIBULLUS† 2.147,

Solis aeterna est Phaebo Bacchôque juventus: Nam decet intonsus crinis utrumque Deum.

Phoebus, and Bacchus must be ever young: For uncut Hair to either God belong.

OVID* 2.148 of Bacchus,

— Tibi enim inconsumpta juventa, Tu puer aeternus, tu formosissimus alto Conspiceris coelo.—

— still do'st thou enjoy Unwasted Youth, eternally a Boy.

The Poëts feign him riding in a Chariot drawn either by Tigres, Leopards, or Lynces. STATIUS† 2.149,

Liber pampineos materna ad moenia currus Promovet, effrenae dextrâ laevâque sequuntur Lynces, & uda mero lambunt retinacula tigres.

Thence to his Mother's City Bacchus rides, Rein'd Lynxes by his Viny Chariot sides, And Tigres lick'd the Harness moist with Wine.

HORACE,* 2.150

Hâc te merentem, Bacche pater, tuae Vexêre tigres, indocili jugum Collo trahentes.—

Blest Bacchus thee thy Tigres drew, Who Yoaks and Harness little knew.

OVID† 2.151,

— tu bijugum pictis insignia fraenis Colla premis lyncum. —

— thou hold'st in aw The spotted Lynxes, which thy Chariot draw.

These not onely drew his Chariot, but were his constant Compani∣ons; as we finde in the Ship of Bacchus, (taken from the Mariners, whom he had turn'd into Dolphins) described by OVID* 2.152,

Quem circa tigres, simulacráque inania lyncum, Pictarumque jacent fera corpora pantherarum.

Stern Tigres, Lynxes (such unto the eye) And spotted Panthers round about him lie.

His Ship is lively set forth by Philostratus† 2.153; which, or the like, is still to be seen in the Church of St. Agnes at Rome, formerly a Temple of Bacchus's, in most exquisite Mosaick Work.

He was constantly crown'd either with Grapes, Ivy, or both. OVID* 2.154,

Ipse racemiferis frontem circumdatus uvis Pampineis agitat velatam frondibus hastam,

He, head-bound with a Wreath of clustred Vines, A Jav'lin shook, clasp'd with their leavy twines.

Non crines, non serta loco, dextrámque reliquit Thyrsus, & intactae ceciderunt cornibus uvae.

His Hair disorder'd now no Wreath adorns, His Thyrsus fell, plump Grapes drop from his Horns.

HORACE† 2.155,

— Deum Cingentem viridi tempora pampino.

— a virdant Vine The God about his temples did entwine.

TIBULLUS,

Candide Liber ades, sic sit tibi mystica vitis, Sic hederâ semper tempora vincta feras.

Bacchus assist, so may the sacred Vine, So may fresh Ivy still thy Brows entwine.

So in Achaia, at the Feasts of Bacchus* 2.156, the Children having wash'd themselves in the River Meilichus, they put on Crowns of Ivy, and so go to the Temple of Bacchus Aesymnetes.

Hence M. Antony* 2.157, having assumed the Title of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, New Bacchus, caused the Coyns, stamp'd with his Image, to bear a Crown of Ivy.

* 2.158

[illustration] coin obverse

Num: M. ANTONII. III VIRI.

M ANTONIVS IMP. COS DESIG. IIE RETI••••••

[illustration] coin reverse

Num: M. ANTONII. III VIRI.

III VIR R P C.

And the Antients used this, as an Argument, to prove that Bacchus of the Grecians, and Romans, was the same with Osiris of the Aegyptians, because Ivy, which was sacred to Bacchus, was in Aegypt called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, The Plant of Osiris.

Why Bacchus, and those that drank, did wear a Crown of Ivy, Athenaeus gives this Reason amongst the rest, because there is great plenty of it, and it grows of it self, and is everywhere to be had, being not undelightful for sight, shading the Fore-head with its green Leaves, and Berries, and of a body fit for binding, besides that, cooling without any Carotique smell offensive to the Head. The Wine-Bowls also were ordinarily adorn'd in the same manner. VIRGIL,

— pocula ponam Fagina, coelatum divini opus Alcimedontis: Lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis Diffusos hederâ vestit pallen••e corymbos.

—two Beechen Cups I'll stake, Which the divine Alcimedon did make: Whereon with a smooth turn soft Vines he shapes, And with pale Ivy cloaths the spreading Grapes.

ANACREON,

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Vulcan come, thy Hammer take, And of burnish'd Silver make (Not a glitt'ring Armour, for What have we to do with War? But) a large deep Bowl, and on it I would have thee carve no Planet, Pleiades, Wains, nor Waggoners; But to life exactly shape Clusters of the Juicy Grape; Whilst brisk Love their bleeding Heads Hand in hand with Bacchus treads.

We finde him cloathed with the Skin of a Tigre (though that not the onely one Garment he used) in CLAUDIAN* 2.159:

— Lenísque simul procedit Iacchus, Crinali florens hederâ, quem Parthica velat Tigris, & auratos in nodum colligit ungues.

—So Bacchus march'd with Ivie crown'd, Clad in a Parthian Tigre's spotted Hide, And Golden Claws in neat composure ty'd.

A Thyrsus is a Spear adorn'd with Ivy at the upper end, which Bacchus, and his Attendants, made use of to sustain them in their drink. Claudian† 2.160, of Bacchus,

Ebria Maeoniis fulcit vestigia Thyrsis.

His Lydian Thyrse supports his reeling Limbs.

Pausanias* 2.161, The Statue (of Jupiter) is like unto Bacchus; for it hath Buskins instead of Shoes, and it holds in one hand a Cup, in the other a Thyr∣sus. This Thyrsus, with a Cornu-copiae, is the Hieroglyphick of Mirth

in a Coyn of Faustina's; the Inscription HILARITAS. In one hand she holds a Cornu-copiae, in the other a Thyrsus, on a Spear, cover∣ed from one end to the other with Leaves, and Coronets.

Silenus, and the Satyres, were the constant deboist Companions of Bacchus. Of whom Pausanias* 2.162 relates a Story told him by Euphemus a Carian, that, in a Voyage to Italy, by cross Winds, their Ship was for∣ced beyond the Streights into the Atlantick Ocean, and was driven by the Tempest upon the Islands, called, by the Mariners, The Islands of Satyres. Whose Inhabitants were of a yellowish colour, and had Tails not inferiour to those of Horses. Who, as soon as they saw the Ship arrived, presently entered, and laid hold of the Women: so that the Mariners were forc'd, out of fear, to land them a Woman, whom the Satyres used not onely according to Nature, but abus'd all parts of her body: Nor were the young Satyres more devoted to Venus, then old Silenus to his Patron Bacchus. VIRGIL† 2.163,

—Chromis & Mnasylus in antro Silenum pueri somno vidêre jacentem, Inflatum hesterno venas, ùt semper, Iaccho; Serta procul tantùm capiti delapsa jacebant, Et gravis attritâ pendebat cantharus ansâ.

Say Muse, how Chromis and Mnasylus found In's Cave Silenus sleeping on the ground, O'th' last nights Bacchus swell'd (his usual guise) Far from his Head his fal'n off Garland lies.

So OVID* 2.164,

— Bacchae, Satyríque sequuntur, Quíque senex ferulâ titubantes ebrius artus Sustinet, & pando non fortiter haeret asello.

Light Bacchides, and skipping Satyres follow, Whilst old Silenus, reeling still, doth hallow, Who weakly hangs upon his tardy Ass.

Whence the Eleans* 2.165, in their Temple of Silenus, make Drunkenness delivering a Cup of Wine to him.

He was conceiv'd to be the Fosterer, and Educator of Bacchus; from whence AURELIUS NEMESIANUS† 2.166 describes him with Bacchus in his Arms,

Cui Deus arridens horrendas pectore setas Vellicat, aut digitis aures adstringit acutas, Applaudítve manu mutilum caput, aut breve mentum, Et simas tenero collidit pollice nares.

Smiling on him the God his bristly Hairs Plucks from his Breast, or nips his pricked Ears, His low Brow claps, and short'ned Chin, and grows Familiar, tweaking of his Saddle Nose.

And thus we finde Silenus in an antient Statue at Rome* 2.167. The Satyres were painted with Goats Horns, and Feet, to signifie the insatiableness of their Lust. FULGENTIUS† 2.168; Satyri cum caprinis cornibus depin∣guntur, quia nunquam novêre saturari libidine; The Satyres are painted with Goats Horns, because their Lust is unsatiable. HORACE,* 2.169,

— aures Capripedum Satyrorum acutas. The Goat-foot Satyres pricked Ears.

On the North-side opposite, CERES, drawn in a Chariot by winged Dragons, and crown'd with Ears of Corn: in her left Hand, Poppy; in her right, a blazing Torch. The Painting over her is a Description of Harvest; with CERES AUG.

That the Chariot of CERES was feigned to be drawn by Dra∣gons, appears from several places in the Poets. CLAUDIAN† 2.170,

—sinuosa Draconum Membra regens, volucri qui pervia nubila tractu

Signant, & placidis humectant fraena venenis. Frontem crista tegit, pingunt maculosa virentes Terga notae, rutilum squamis intermicat aurum.

— she sinewy Dragons guides, Who at high speed cut yielding Clouds in twain, Their Snaffles frothing with delightful bane, Crested their Fronts, Backs mark'd with freckling green, Their Scales, when brissell'd up, Gold shines between.

And immediatly after,

—fulvis SERPENTIBUS attigit Iden. With yellow SERPENTS drawn she Ida reach'd.

OVID* 2.171,

Dixit, & egrediens nubem trahit, ìnqùe DRACONES Transit, & alifero tollitur axe Ceres.

Then going forth, a Cloud she draws, through Skies, With Dragons drawn, her swift-wheel'd Chariot flies.

And a little before, of the same Goddess,

Quò simul ac venit fraenatos curribus ANGUES Junxit, & aequoreas sicca pererrat aquas.

Her harness'd Serpents in her Chariot puts, And dry her way through swelling Billows cuts.

Where we see promiscuously used angues, and dracones. So the Rod of Mercury, which is perpetually represented with Serpents about it, by Martial is encompass'd by a Dragon:

Cyllenes caelíque decus, facunde minister, Aurea cui torto virga DRACONE nitet.

Heaven and Cyllenes Joy; Speaker divine, A Golden Dragon on thy Wand doth shine.

And CLAUDIAN* 2.172 speaking of the Golden Fleece kept by a Dra∣gon,

—insopitísque refusum Tractibus aurati custodem velleris ANGUEM.

The watchful Dragon kept the Golden Fleece.

The memory of Ceres her Chariot drawn by Serpents is preserv'd likewise in several old Marbles, and this Medaigle,

[illustration] coin

C. VIBIVS. C.F.C.N

The reason why Poppy should be attributed to Ceres, and from thence be call'd by VIRGIL† 2.173 Cereale papaver, is variously rendered by SERVIUS: Vel quod est esui sicut frumentum: vel quo Ceres usa est ad oblivionem doloris; nam, ob raptum Prosperpinae vigiliis fracta, gustato eo acta est in soporem: vel quia pani adspergatur. Either because it is fit to eat, as Corn: or because Ceres used it to procure a forgetfulness of her grief; for, being wearied with continual watchings in pursuit of her Daughter Proserpi∣na stoln from her, upon tasting of it, she fell asleep: or else because 'tis sprinkled upon Bread. But the Mythologists, who esteem Ceres to be the same with the Earth, make it onely a* 2.174 Symbol of the Fecundity of it; or, from its orbicular Figure, to signifie the rotundity of the Earth; from its inequality, the Vallies, and Mountains; from the multiplicity of its Grains, the vast multitude of Men, and Animals. For which reason the fertile Countrey of Sicily was sacred to her, which she contended for with Vulcan; and, in token of the Victory, the Sicilians dedicated her Statue with a little Image of Victory on her Hand. Which Statue

CICERO† 2.175 makes mention'd by se∣veral of the Poëts; as by CALLIMACHUS,

—〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.—

Poppies she took, and Garlands in her Hand.

THEOCRITUS,

— 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

In either Hand she Corn, and Poppies had.

Porphyry, quoted by Eusebius* 2.176, says, that Ceres was crown'd with Ears of Corn, about which were several Branches of Poppy, which were the Symbols of Fertility.

She was accounted by the Antients the Goddess, that first delivered to Mankind the Art of Tillage, whence they usually crown'd her with Ears of Corn. TIBULLUS,

Flava Ceres, tibi sit nostro de rure corona Spicea—

O yellow Ceres, round thy Golden Locks, Place Garlands taken from our Countrey Shocks.

OVID,

Flava Ceres, tenues spicis redimita capillos,

Ceres, whose slender Hairs Corn-ears do bind.

Or put them in her Hand. So in the Reverse of a Coyn of Julia Pia,

there is one loaning with her left Hand on a Spear, holding in her right Hand an Ear of Wheat, with this Inscription, CEREREM.

She is frequently described with a Torch in her Hand, from that known Story of her searching after her Daughter, stoln, and carried away by Pluto out of Sicily. Of which CLAUDIAN* 2.177,

Accingor lustrare diem, per devia rerum Indefessa ferar: nullâ cessabitur horâ. Non requies, non somnus erit, dum pignus ademptum Inveniam, gremio quamvîs mergatur Iberae Tethyos, & rubro jaceat vallata profundo. Non Rheni glacies, non me Ripaea tenebunt Frigora: non dubio Syrtis cunctabitur aestu, &c. Sic fatur, notaeque jugis illabitur Aetnae, Noctivago tedas inflammatura labori.

I'll search the day, no hour shall stop me hurl'd Unwearied through all Cranies of the World; No rest, no sleep, till my dear Pledge be found, Though she lie hidden in th' Iberian Sound, Or the Red-Sea. Riphaean Frosts, nor Rhyne, Crusted with Ice, shall hinder my Design: Nor yet the doubtful Syrts with wallowing Tides. This said, to Aetna's Top she makes a flight, Kindling her Torch for bus'ness of the Night.

So PAUSANIAS* 2.178 mentions a Statue of Ceres, holding in her right Hand a Torch, with her left Hand laid upon a Statue adjoyning, cal∣led Despoina. STATIUS† 2.179,

Qualis, ab Aetnaeis accensâ lampade saxis, Orba Ceres magnae variabat imagine flammae Ausonium Siculûmque latus, vestigia nigri Raptoris, vastósque legens in pulvere sulcos.

Rob'd Ceres so at an Aetnean Stone Kindled her Torch, which blazing she drives on, Reprinting Pluto's steps on either Coast, Plowing up dusty Clouds in Furrows vast.

OVID* 2.180,

Illìc accendit geminas pro lampade pinus: Hinc Cereris sacris nunc quoque teda datur.

There for a Torch two Pines the Goddess lights: Since, they with Tapers celebrate her Rites.

From whence she was call'd Dea tedifera:

Et per tediferae mystica sacra Deae.

The like we meet with in the Collection of GRUTER.

CERERI AUGUST.
MATRI. AGR.
L. BENNIUS. PRIMUS
MAG. PAGI.
BENNIA. PRIMIGENIA
MAGISTRA FECER.
GERMANICO. CAESARE. II.
L. SEIO. TUBERONE. COSS.
DIES. SACRIFICI. XIII. K. MAI.

On the West-side of the Arch, over the South Postern, the Goddess FLORA, in a various-coloured Habit; in one Hand, Red and White Roses; in the other, Lilies: on her head, a Garland of several Flowers.

The Painting over this, a Garden with Walks, Statues, Fountains, Flowers, and Figures of Men and Women walking.

The Story of this Goddess FLORA is variously related: we shall onely take notice of the account Lactantius* 2.181 gives of her. FLORA, having gain'd a great Estate by prostituting her Body, at her Death left the People of Rome her Heir, and allotted such a certain sum of Money; the Yearly use of which should be expended in the Celebration of her Birth-Day with several Sports call'd FLORALIA. Which seeming a flagitious thing to the Senate, they took occasion, from the very name of the Sports FLORA∣LIA, to add some Dignity to so shameful a business, to feign a Goddess FLORA, who had the care of Flowers, whom they should Yearly appease for the greater plenty of their Corn, Vines, &c. Her various-colour'd Habit, with the reason of it, is mention'd by OVID† 2.182,

Cur tamen, ùt dantur vestes Cerealibus albae, Sic est haec cultu versicolore decens? An quia maturis albescit messis aristis? Et color, & species floribus omnis inest? Annuit.—

In white at Ceres Feasts why are they drest, While Flora wears a party-colour'd Vest? Is it because Corn looks in Harvest white, Whilst Flowers in various Colours take delight?

She was crown'd with Flowers, as we finde in these following Ver∣ses,

Annuit: & motis flores cecidêre capillis, Decidere in mensas ût rosa missa solet.

She nods: and Flowers fell from her Head, Like Roses on a Table shed.

Answerable to the Life of the Authour were the Sports on her Fe∣stival; lascivious, and celebrated by lascivious Persons. OVID* 2.183,

Quaerere conabar quare lascivia major His foret in ludis, liberiórque jocus, &c. Turba quidem cur hos celebret meretricia ludos.

I did enquire why a more wanton way These Sports are granted, and a freer Play: Why Prostitutes should at these Rites attend.

Which Cato had no sooner entered, but his Gravity forc'd him to retire. MARTIAL,

Nôsses jocosae dulce cùm sacrum Florae, Festósque lusus, & licentiam vulgi, Cur in Theatrum Cato severe venisti? An ideò tantùm veneras, ut exires?

Thou knew'st, that Flora's joyful Rites Free Licence had, and all Delights; Why cam'st thou Cato to the Play? Cam'st onely thou to go away?

Which Story is more copiously related by Valerius Maximus. Onu∣phrius Panvinius mentions a Coyn, in which we have the first, that caused these Sports to be celebrated. C. MEMMIƲS FLO∣RALIA PRIMƲS FECIT. She had her Flamen, mention'd by Varro† 2.184.

Opposite to this, on the North-side, the Goddess POMONA crown'd with a Garland of several Fruits; in her right Hand, a Pru∣ning-Hook; in her left Hand, the Sun: at her Feet, all sorts of Graffing, and Gardening-Tools.

OVID* 2.185 thus describes her at large,

Rege sub hoc POMONA fuit: quâ nulla Latinas Inter Hamadryadas coluit solertiùs hortos: Nec fuit arborei studiosior altera foetûs; Ʋnde tenet nomen. Non sylvas illa, nec amnes, Rus amat, & ramos felicia poma ferentes. Nec jaculo gravis est, sed aduncâ dextera falce: Quâ modò luxuriem premit, & spatiantia passim Brachia compescit: fisso modò cortice, lignum Inserit, & succos alieno praestat alumno. Nec sentire sitim patitur, bibulaeque recurvas Radicis fibras labentibus irrigat undis.

POMONA flourish'd in those times of ease: Of all the Latian Hamadryades, None fruitful Hort-yards held in more repute, Or took more care to propagate their Fruit; Thereof so nam'd. Nor Streams, nor shady Groves, But Trees producing gen'rous Burdens loves. Her Hand a Hook, and not an Jav'lin bare: Now prunes luxurious Twigs, and Boughs, that dare Transcend their Bounds: now slits the Bark, the Bud Inserts, enforc'd to nurse anothers Brood. Nor suffers them to suffer Thirst, but brings To moisture-sucking Roots soft sliding Springs.

She had her Flamen too, though the last of the fifteen. SEXTUS POMPEIUS, Maximae dignationis Flamen Dialis est inter XV. Flamines: &, quum caeteri discrimina Majestatis suae habeant, minimi habe∣tur Pomonalis; quòd Pomona levissimo fructui agrorum praesidet. The Flamen of Jupiter is of the greatest Dignity amongst the fifteen Flamens. There is a distinction betwixt all of them, but the meanest is the Flamen of Pomona, because she presides over the meanest Fruit of the Grounds.

BOREAS, instead of Feet, two Serpents Tails, his Wings covered with Snow: his Emblem, a rockie Mountainous Country, and the Pleiades rising over it; his Motto, — SCYTHIAM SEPTEMQUE TRIONES HORRIFER INVADIT —

That the Antients described BOREAS with Serpents Tails, in∣stead of Feet, appears out of PAUSANIAS* 2.186, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. If you compass it on the left Hand, there is Boreas forcibly taking away Orithyia. He hath Serpents Tails instead of Feet.

Thus OVID describes him stealing away Orithyia,

Haec Boreas, aut his non inferiora loquutus, Excussit pennas: quarum jactatibus omnis Afflata est tellus, latumque perhorruit aequor. Pulvereámque trahens per summa cacumina pallam, Verrit humum, pavidámque metu caligine tectus Orithyiam adamans fulvis complectitur alis.

Thus Boreas chafes, or no less storming, shook His horrid Wings; whose aiery motion strook The Earth with Blasts, and made the Ocean roar, Trailing his dusty Mantle on the Floor. He hid himself in Clouds of Dust, and caught Belov'd Orithyia, with her fear distraught.

VIRGIL† 2.187,

Qualis Hyperboreis Aquilo cum densus ab oris Incubuit, Scythiaeque hyemes, atque arida differt Nubila.—

As when from Hyperborean Mountains fierce Boreas doth Clouds, and Scythian Storms disperse.

CLAUDIAN* 2.188,

— ceu turbine rauco Cùm gravis armatur Boreas, glaciéque nivali Hispidus, & Geticâ concretus grandine pennas, Bella cupit, pelagus, sylvas, campósque sonoro Flamine rapturus.—

As with a Whirl-Winde when rough Boreas arms Wings stiff with Ice, and Snow, and Gothick Storms, Desiring War, the Woods, and Deeps profound, And Plains breaks thorough with a dreadful sound.

AUSTER, in a dark-coloured Habit, with Wings like Clouds; his Embleme, a Cloudy Sky, and Showers: his Motto, NUBIBUS ASSIDUIS PLUVIAQVE MADESCIT.

The Authours of Natural History do attribute a Thunder-Bolt to the South-Winde alone. From whence Virgil, describing Vulcan's Shop,

His informatum manibus, jam parte politâ Fulmen erat, toto Genitor quae plurima coelo Dejicit in terras: pars imperfecta manebat. Tres imbris torti radios, tres nubis aquosae Addiderant, rutili tres ignis, & alitis Austri.

A Thunder-Bolt half finish'd now in hand, (Many of these by angry Jove are thrown From Heav'n to Earth) the rest as yet not done. Three parts of Hail, three of a Wat'ry Cloud, As much of Fire, and three of Winde allow'd.

Upon which place SERVIUS. Nonnulli manubias Fulminis his Numinibus, Jovi, Junoni, Marti, & Austro vento asserunt attribui, quod ex hoc Maronis loco ostendunt, Of this Winde we have the Pi∣cture

in Antoninus's Pillar at Rome, remarkable for the History, in which is represented the Rain, that fell in the Tents of the Romans, rea∣dy to perish for Drouth, and the Thunder, and Lightning, which at the same time destroyed the Enemy: obtain'd by the Prayers of a Chri∣stian Legion, as the Fathers of those times relate it; by others attribu∣ted either to the Piety of the Emperour, or the Magick of Arnuphis: of which CLAUDIAN;

Laus ibi nulla Ducum; nam flammeus imber in hostem Decidit: hunc dorso trepidum flammante ferebat Ambustus sonipes; hic tabescente solutus Subsedit galeâ, liquefactáque pulvere cuspis Canduit, & subitis fluxêre liquoribus enses. Tunc contenta polo, mortalis nesciateli, Pugna fuit. Chaldaea mago seu carmina ritu Armavêre Deos; seu, quod reor, omne Tonantis Obsequium Marci mores potuêre mereri.

The Chiefs no Fame got there; the Enemie's force A fiery Show'r dispers'd: a burning Horse Bore this on's flaming Back; this over-turn'd, His Cask did melt, in Dust his Jav'lin burn'd, And melting Swords in smoaking Rivers glide. Heaven's Arcenal did for this Fight provide Weapons destroying more then Mortal Arms. Either the Gods were arm'd by Magick Charms, Or Jove so much to Marcus merits ow'd, That all this kindness he on him bestow'd.

It is thus described by DIO, You might see at the same time Rain and Fire fall from Heaven: some were wet, and drank; others were burnt, and died. The Fire touch'd not the Romans; if it fell among them, it was immediatly quench'd. The Rain did their Adversaries no good, but rather like Oil increased the flame. They sought for Water, while the Rain fell on them. Some of them wounded themselves, as if they meant to quench the

Fire with their Blood; others ran over to the Romans, who alone had the Water could save them; and those Antoninus sav'd. The same Authour, who liv'd in the time of Commodus, Son to Antoninus, mentions, from a Report in his time, the Magick of Arnuphis, as a cause of it, as it is deli∣vered by Xiphiline, Patriarch of Constantinople: 'Tis reported, that Ar∣nuphis, an Aegyptian Magician, then in company of the Emperour Mar∣cus Antoninus, had invoked with his Magick Art, among other Gods, the aerial Mercury, by whose assistance he obtain'd the Showr. And thus the Story is told by SUIDAS* 2.189. Others mention Julian the Magician. The Christians had a fair Plea for what they pretended, an acknow∣ledgment from the Emperour himself, by Letter to the Senate, had not that Letter, still remaining, upon examination prov'd counterfeit. The Picture, being rare, we have caused here to be publish'd.

[illustration] scene of Mercury with emperour Marcus Antoninus

Baronius mistook it for Jupiter Pluvius, who is never represented with Wings. This Winde is excellently describ'd by OVID† 2.190,

— madidis Notus evolat alis, Terribilem piceâ tectus caligine vultum;

Barba gravis nimbis, canis fluit unda capillis, Fronte sedent nebulae, rorant pennaeque finúsque.

With moist Wings Notus flies in sable Bags His sowre Face hid, his Beard with Tempest sags, His Hair sheds Crystal Drops, dark Clouds encamp Upon his Brows, his Wings and Bosom damp.

His Thunder-Bolt is mention'd too by Lucretius;

Altitonans Volturnus, & Auster ulmine pollens.

ZEPHYRUS, like an Adonis with Wings; the Emblem, a Flow∣ery Plain; the Word, — TEPENTIBUS AURIS DEMULCET —

So CLAUDIAN describes* 2.191,

—Pater ô gratissime Veris, Qui mea lascivo regnas per prata volatu Semper, & assiduis irroras flatibus annum, &c. — ille novo madidantes nectare pennas Concutit, & glebas foecundo rore maritat, Quáque volat, vernus sequitur color: omnis in herbas Turget humus, medióque patent convexa sereno. Sanguineo splendore rosas, vaccinia nigro Induit, & dulci violas ferrugine pingit.

Bless'd Father of the Spring, all Hail, Who rul'st my Meadows with a wanton Gale, And dew'st the Season with a constant breeze, &c. From his moist Wings he richest Nectar sheds, And the hard Glebe with pregnant Moisture weds: Colour the Spring attends, and every where Earth swells with Herbage, Heav'n's high Fore-head clear.

Roses in Red, Berries in Black he dies, And gives the Violets Purple Liveries.

LUCRETIUS calls it the Messenger of Venus:

Et ver, & Venus, & Veneris praenuntius antè Pennatus graditur Zephyrus vestigia propter.

The Spring, and Venus, warming Zephyre brings Love's gentle Herbinger on painted Wings.

PHILOSTRATUS† 2.192 represents it thus, A Youth smooth-fac'd, with Wings on his Shoulders, and on his Head a Garland of several Flowers.

The Seat of this Winde was feigned by the Antients to be in Spain. SENECA* 2.193,

— quae Zephyro Subdita tellus, stupet aurato Flumine clarum radiare Tagum.

The Lands, where Zephyre dwells, behold With wonder Tagus shine in Gold.

CLAUDIAN† 2.194,

Deseritur jam ripa Tagi, Zephyríque relictis Sedibus, Aurorae famulas properatur ad urbes.

He Tagus banks, and Zephyr's Court forsakes, And haste to Conquer'd Eastern Cities makes.

Not so much from the Vernal temperature of the place, as that it was esteem'd the remotest place from whence Italy received these We∣stern Gales.

The great Figure on the top of all represents PLENTY, crowned, a Branch of Palm in her right Hand, a Cornu-copiae in her left.

The Musick aloft on both sides, and on the two Balconies within, were twelve Waits, six Trumpets, and three Drums.

At a convenient distance before this Structure, were two Stages ere∣cted, divided, planted, and adorned like Gardens, each of them eight Yards in length, five in breadth. Upon that on the North-side sate a Woman representing PLENTY, crowned with a Garland of divers Flowers, clad in a Green Vestment embroidered with Gold, holding a Cornu-copiae: her Attendants, two Virgins.

At His Majestie's approach to the Arch, this Person representing PLENTY rose up, and made Address to him in these Words;

Great Sir, the Star, which at Your Happy Birth Joy'd with his Beams (at Noon) the wond'ring Earth, Did with auspicious lustre, then, presage The glitt'ring Plenty of this Golden Age; The Clouds blown o're, which long our joys o'recast, And the sad Winter of Your absence past, See! the three smiling Seasons of the Year Agree at once to bid You Welcome here; Her Homage Dutious Flora comes to pay; With Her Enamel'd Treasure strows Your Way: Ceres, and Pales, with a bounteous Hand, Diffuse their Plenty over all Your Land; And Bacchus is so lavish of his Store, That Wine flows now, where Water ran before. Thus Seasons, Men, and Gods their Joy express; To see Your Triumph, and our Happiness.

His Majesty, having passed the four Triumphal Arches, was, at TEMPLE-Bar, entertained with the View of a delightful Boscage, full of several Beasts, both Tame, and Savage, as also several living Figures, and Musick of eight Waits. But this, being the Limit of the Citie's Liberty, must be so likewise of our Description.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Aeneid. VII.
• * 1.2

  Lib. I. Lib. II.
• † 1.3

  in Romulo.
• * 1.4

  Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxviii. cap. vi.
• * 1.5

  Valer Ma∣ximus, Lib II. cap. viii,
• * 1.6

  De vi. Con∣sulatu Ho∣norii.
• * 1.7

  De Bello Getico.
• * 1.8

  Ibid.
• * 1.9

  Liv. Lib. xl.
• * 1.10

  De vi. Con∣sulatu Hono∣rii.
• * 1.11

  Claudian ib.
• * 1.12

  Paneg. iv.
• * 1.13

  In Romulo.
• * 1.14

  Lib. xii.
• * 1.15

  De Pento, Lib. iii. Eleg. iv.
• * 1.16

  De Tristib. Lib. iv. Eleg. ii.
• * 1.17

  Lib. xxxviii.
• † 1.18

  Nat. Hist. Lib. v. Cap. v.
• * 1.19

  Ibid.
• * 1.20

  Ibid.
• * 1.21

  Lib. xlv.
• * 1.22

  Georg. i.
• * 1.23

  Panegyr. iv.
• * 1.24

  De Tristi∣bus, lib. iv. Eleg. ii.
• * 1.25

  Lib. xvii.
• * 1.26

  Lib. xi. Eleg. i.
• * 1.27

  De arte Am.
• * 1.28

  Satex.
• * 1.29

  De laud. Sti∣liconis.
• * 1.30

  Lib. iv. Od. iii.
• * 1.31

  In Eutropi∣um Lib. i.
• * 1.32

  De bello Gil∣donico.
• * 1.33

  De VI. Con∣sulat. Hono∣rii.
• * 1.34

  Thebaid. Lib. i.
• * 1.35

  Aen. vi.
• * 1.36

  Iliad. xxii.
• * 1.37

  In Corin∣thiacis.
• † 1.38

  Ibid.
• * 1.39

  Aen. vi.
• * 1.40

  De Idololat.
• * 1.41

  Lib. iv. cap. vii. In Rufinum, Lib. ii.
• * 1.42

  Epist. xiii.
• * 1.43

  In Gordi∣anis.
• * 1.44

  In Satur∣nino.
• * 1.45

  Epitome Chron. Wer∣weronis.
• * 1.46

  L. Sacri, C. de diver. Rescr.
• * 1.47

  Choul. Pag. xxxi.
• * 1.48

  Croyiac. Tab. xxxiii, & xxxviii.
• * 1.49

  Lib. i. Od. xxxv.
• * 1.50

  Institut. Lib. xi. cap. iii.
• * 1.51

  Croyiac. Tab. lviii. Baron. Tom. iv. Annal.
• * 1.52

  Aen. Lib. xi.
• * 1.53

  Thebaid. Lib. ii.
• * 1.54

  De rapta Proserp. Lib. iii.
• * 1.55

  Lib. iii. cap. ii.
• * 1.56

  Lib. ii.
• * 1.57

  Nat. Hist. Lib. iii. cap. xx.
• * 1.58

  Tit. De For∣tuna.
• * 1.59

  Lib. xlii.
• * 1.60

  Lib. ii.
• * 1.61

  Lib. xlv.
• * 1.62

  Dio, lib. liv.
• † 1.63

  Suetonius.
• * 1.64

  Fast. Lib. v.
• * 1.65

  Choul, Pag. 225.
• * 1.66

  Fast. ibid.
• * 1.67

  Pag. cccxvii. 8.
• * 1.68

  In Theogo∣nia.
• * 1.69

  Aeneid. iii.
• * 1.70

  See Rhodigi∣nus, lib. xvi, cap. xxvi.
• * 1.71

  Argenaut. Lib. ii.
• * 1.72

  In Eumenid.
• * 1.73

  In Octavia.
• * 1.74

  Ibid.
• † 1.75

  Lib. iv.
• * 1.76

  De iii. Con∣sulatu Hono∣rii.
• † 1.77

  Tull. ad Attic. Lib. i. Ep. vii.
• * 1.78

  Plutarch. in vita The∣mistoclis, and De vi∣tando are alieno.
• † 1.79

  Metam, Lib. i.
• * 1.80

  Nat. Hist. lib. xi. cap. xvii.
• * 2.1

  Var. Hist. lib. ii. cap. xxxiii.
• * 2.2

  Georg. iv.
• † 2.3

  Pyth.
• * 2.4

  Aen. lib. viii.
• * 2.5

  De land. Etiliconis, lib. i.
• * 2.6

  De vi. Con∣sul. Honorii.
• † 2.7

  De Prob. & Olyb.
• * 2.8

  Cevart. p. 18. Croyac. Tab. xxxv.
• * 2.9

  Metam. lib. xiiii.
• † 2.10

  Aen. lib. viii.
• * 2.11

  De Prob. & Olyb.
• * 2.12

  Metam.
• † 2.13

  De vi. Con∣sul. Honorii.
• † 2.14

  Chronico.
• * 2.15

  Orig. Rom. Lib. i.
• * 2.16

  In Prolo∣go.
• † 2.17

  De vi. Con∣sul. Honorii.
• † 2.18

  In Phocicis.
• * 2.19

  In Acharn.
• † 2.20

  In Pace.
• * 2.21

  Metam. lib. v. Fab. i.
• † 2.22

  Epithal. Pol.
• * 2.23

  In Arcad.
• * 2.24

  Hulsius.
• * 2.25

  Nect. Att. Lib. xiii.
• † 2.26

  Geogr. Lib. vi.
• * 2.27

  Metam. Lib. v.
• * 2.28

  Ibid.
• * 2.29

  Lib. xii.
• † 2.30

  In his Po∣ly-Olbion, Song 15.
• † 2.31

  Aenid. vii.
• * 2.32

  Paneg. Ma∣jorian.
• * 2.33

  Ibid.
• † 2.34

  Astronom. Lib. iv.
• † 2.35

  Lib. iv.
• * 2.36

  Antiq. Jud. Lib. viii. 2.
• † 2.37

  Aeneid. x.
• * 2.38

  Onomastis.
• † 2.39

  Macrob. Saturnal.
• * 2.40

  Zonaras.
• † 2.41

  Ranis.
• * 2.42

  Paneg. Ma∣joriani.
• * 2.43

  De Laud. Stilic. lib. ii.
• * 2.44

  De Bello Gildonico.
• * 2.45

  Plin. Nat. Hist. viii.xi.
• * 2.46

  Sat. ii.
• * 2.47

  Plin. lib. viii. cap. vii.
• * 2.48

  Lib. Peod. cap. vii.
• * 2.49

  De Bello Gildonico.
• * 2.50

  Laude Sere∣nae Riginae.
• * 2.51

  De Provi∣dentia Dei, Lib. vi.
• * 2.52

  In Sym∣machum.
• * 2.53

  Pliny, Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxvii. cap. xi.
• * 2.54

  Nat. Hist. Ind. lib. iv. cap. vi.
• * 2.55

  Max. claus. Lib. ii.
• * 2.56

  In Europ∣pium, Lib. ii.
• * 2.57

  De Bell. Civ. lib. iii.
• * 2.58

  Argonan••. Lib. iii.
• * 2.59

  Nat. Hist. lib. xii. c. i.
• * 2.60

  Pausan. lib. ii.
• * 2.61

  Lib. iii.
• * 2.62

  Epigram. Lib. xii.
• * 2.63

  Lib. iii.
• * 2.64

  Lib. i.
• * 2.65

  Croyiac. Tab. xxxix.
• * 2.66

  Ibid.
• * 2.67

  Lib. viii. cap. xxix.
• * 2.68

  Epigram. xxxv.
• * 2.69

  De Bello Pun. lib. i.
• * 2.70

  Hist. Nat. Ind. lib. i. cap. xiii. De Peruviae regionis in∣ventione.
• * 2.71

  In Eliacis.
• * 2.72

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 2.73

  In Boetius.
• † 2.74

  Lib. iii.
• * 2.75

  Theb. Lib. ii.
• * 2.76

  Aeneid. v.
• * 2.77

  Cheul. Goltz. in Fastis ad 646.
• * 2.78

  Choul.
• † 2.79

  Proclus in Crat. Plaetonis.
• * 2.80

  Epigr. Gr.
• † 2.81

  Metam. lib. viii.
• * 2.82

  Iliad. μ.
• * 2.83

  Hymno in Delum.
• * 2.84

  Metam.
• * 2.85

  Aeneid.
• * 2.86

  Dionysiac. xxxvi.
• * 2.87

  Eldyll.
• * 2.88

  Iraeneus
• * 2.89

  In Valent. lib. i. cap. xiii.
• * 2.90

  Lib. xxxix. cap. vii.
• * 2.91

  Plutarch.
• † 2.92

  Lib. i. In∣stit.
• † 2.93

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 2.94

  Lib. ii
• † 2.95

  Geogr. lib. xvi.
• * 2.96

  Lib. xvii.
• * 2.97

  Metam. lib. viii. Fab. iii.
• * 2.98

  Anno U.C. cccxxcvi.
• * 2.99

  Fastor. Lib. i.
• † 2.100

  Anno U.C. DXXXV.
• * 2.101

  Anno U.C. DCXXXII.
• * 2.102

  Aenid. viii.
• † 2.103

  Lib. xiii.
• * 2.104

  Oneirocrit. lib. ii. cap. xiii.
• † 2.105

  Oneirocrit. cap. cclxxiii.
• * 2.106

  Plut. in Gracchis.
• † 2.107

  Obsequens De Predi∣giis, cap. lxxxiii.
• * 2.108

  Lib. i. cap. lxxxvii.
• † 2.109

  Iliad. ζ
• † 2.110

  Silius Ital. lib. iii.
• * 2.111

  Goltz. Caes. Aug. pag. xli.
• * 2.112

  Dio, Lib li.
• * 2.113

  Goltz. Jul. Caes. pag. xlviii.
• * 2.114

  Vide Pighii Annal. ad cum annum.
• * 2.115

  De Civil. Bel. Lib. v.
• * 2.116

  In Pluto.
• † 2.117

  Lib. iii. Od. 29.
• * 2.118

  Lib. iii.
• † 2.119

  De fortuna Romano∣rum.
• † 2.120

  Helvicus Chron. pag. 75. d.
• * 2.121

  Lib. vii.
• † 2.122

  Iliad. vi.
• * 2.123

  Ibid.
• * 2.124

  In Theo∣gonia, vers. 322.
• * 2.125

  Aeneid. vii.
• † 2.126

  In Corin∣thiacis.
• † 2.127

  Plin. Lib. xvi. cap. iv.
• * 2.128

  Lib. xii.
• † 2.129

  Lib. xv.
• * 2.130

  Goltz. Au∣gust. xxix.
• * 2.131

  Aen. viii.
• † 2.132

  Lib. i.
• * 2.133

  Lib. iii. Stilich.
• † 2.134

  De lande Serenae.
• * 2.135

  Fast. Lib. i.
• * 2.136

  Nat. Hist. lib. xvi. cap. xii.
• † 2.137

  iliad. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 2.138

  Metam. lib. ix. Fab. i.
• * 2.139

  De ling. Lat. lib. iv.
• † 2.140

  Aeneid. vii.
• * 2.141

  In Vita Numae.
• † 2.142

  Lib. i.
• * 2.143

  Goltz. Au∣gust. pag. lviii. Augustin. Dial. v.
• * 2.144

  Saturnal. lib. 1. cap. xviii.
• † 2.145

  Schol. in Midiam Demosth.
• * 2.146

  In Eliacis.
• † 2.147

  Lib. iii.
• * 2.148

  Metam. lib. iv. Fab. i.
• † 2.149

  Lib. iv.
• * 2.150

  Lib. iii. Od. iv.
• † 2.151

  Metam. lib. iv. Fab. i.
• * 2.152

  Metam. lib. iii.
• † 2.153

  In Imag.
• * 2.154

  Metam. lib. iii.
• † 2.155

  Lib. ii. Od. xix.
• * 2.156

  Pausanias n•• Achaicis.
• * 2.157

  Dio lib. xlviii.
• * 2.158

  Goltz. Jul. Caes. pag. xlviii.
• * 2.159

  De raptu Proscrp. lib. i.
• † 2.160

  De raptu Proserp. lib. i.
• * 2.161

  In Arca∣dicis.
• * 2.162

  In Atti∣cis.
• † 2.163

  Eclog. vi.
• * 2.164

  Metam. lib. iv. Fab. i.
• * 2.165

  Pausanias.
• † 2.166

  Eclog. iii.
• * 2.167

  Antiq. Rom.
• † 2.168

  Mythol. lib. iii.
• * 2.169

  Carm. lib. ii. Od. xix.
• † 2.170

  De raptu Proserp. lib. i.
• * 2.171

  Fast. lib. iv.
• * 2.172

  De Bello Getico.
• † 2.173

  Georg. i.
• * 2.174

  Cornutus de Diis.
• † 2.175

  Contra Verrem.
• * 2.176

  De Pre∣par. lib. iii.
• * 2.177

  De raptu Proserp.
• * 2.178

  In Arca∣dicis.
• † 2.179

  Thebaid. lib. xii.
• * 2.180

  Fastor. lib. iv.
• * 2.181

  Lib. ii. cap. xx.
• † 2.182

  Fastor. lib. v.
• * 2.183

  Ibid.
• † 2.184

  De ling. Lat.
• * 2.185

  Metam. lib. xiv. Fab. 16.
• * 2.186

  In Eliacis.
• † 2.187

  Georg. iii.
• * 2.188

  De raptu Proserp. lib. i.
• * 2.189

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• † 2.190

  Metam. lib. i.
• * 2.191

  De raptu Proserp. lib. ii.
• † 2.192

  Imag.
• * 2.193

  In Hercule O. taeo.
• † 2.194

  In laudibus Serenae.