Britannia, volume the first, or, An illustration of the Kingdom of England and dominion of Wales by a geographical and historical description of the principal roads thereof, actually admeasured and delineated in a century of whole-sheet copper-sculps : accomodated with the ichnography of the several cities and capital towns, and compleated by an accurate account of the more remarkable passages of antiquity : together with a novel discourse of the present state / by John Ogilby ...

[illustration]

The Road from LONDON to BARWICK Actually Surveyd & delineated By JOHN OGILBY Esq^r. His Ma.^ties Cosmographer. Total 339 Miles o. Furlongs. viz^t. From LONDON, to Waltham 12. mile to Ware 21½. to Royston 38 to Huntingdon 57¼. to Stilton 69¼. to Stamford 83 to Grantham, 104½ to Newark 228½ to Tuxford 232¼ to Doncaster 255¼ to Wentbridg 165½ to Tadcaster 182½ to York 292 to Topcliffe 215¾ to Northallerton 229½ to Darlington 243½ to Durham 262½ to Newcastle 276½ to Morpeth 291 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Alnwick 310 to Belford to BARWICK 339 miles Gr. King Surveyor

The Road from London to Barwick In NORTHƲMBERLAND.

• 1. THE Point of Bearing N. b. W.
• 2. The direct Horizontal Distance 28 o. M.
• 3. The Vulgar Computation 260. M.
• 4. The Dimensuration. 339’2.

From LONDON	Comp.	Measure.
to Waltham	12	12’	12’0	12’0
Ware	08	20	09’4	21’4
Royston	13	33	16’4	38’0
Huntingdon	15	48	19’2	57’2
Stilton	09	57	12’0	69’0
Stamford	12	69	13’6	83’0
Grantham	16	85	21’4	104’4
Newark	10	95	14’0	118’4
Tuxford	10	105	12’6	131’2
Doncaster	18	123	24’0	155’2
Wentbridg	07	130	10’2	165’4
to Tadcaster	12	142	17’0	182’4
YORK Micklegate	08	150	09’4	192’0
Topcliff	17	167	23’6	215’6
Northallerton	09	176	13’6	229’4
Darlington	10	186	14’0	243’4
DURHAM	14	200	19’0	262’4
Newcastle	12	212	14’0	276’4
Morpeth	12	224	14’4	291’0
Alnwick	12	236	19’0	310’0
Belford	12	248	13’4	323’4
Barwick	12	260	15’6	339’2

Midlesex, Hartfordshire, Cambridgshire, Huntingdonshire, Rutlandshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Yorkshire, the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland are the Coun∣ties past through; And Lea, Granta, Owse, Nine, Welland, Witham, Trent, Meden, Idle, Whit∣water, Dun, Went, Are, Wharf, Nid, Your or Owse, Swale, Wisk, Tees, Skern, Were, Tyne, Blith, Wanspeck, Ale, Warne and Tweed, are the Rivers crost over: Being one of the most frequent∣ed Roads of the Kingdom, though none of the best Way, for after the first 20 or 30 Mile 'tis so generally bad, that there was a certain late Imposition upon Travellers, during 3 years, at Stilton and a place or two on this side of about a Penny for a Horse &c. to∣wards the Repair of that part of it, yet is it well accommodated for Entertainment and at moderate rates. The Computation of Post Miles are precisely the same as the vulgar Estimation; only from Royston to Huntingdon they account 17. miles, and from YORK to Northallerton but 24 miles.

THUS much in general for the whole Road, which consisting in 5 Plates, the First ending at Stilton in Huntingdonshire, the 2d. at Tuxford in Nottinghamshire; the 3d. at the City of YORK; the 4th. at Chester in the street in the Bishoprick of Durham; and the 5th. at Barwick aforesaid; we begin with Plate the First Containing 69’2, wherein you are to avoid these following turnings.

• At 5 Miles the Left to Woodgreen.
• At 17’7. The Left to Brocktonbury Hall.
• At 21’3. The Right.
• At 27’3. The Right to Standon.
• At 27’6. The Right to Cambridg.
• At 31’3. The Right to Withiall.
• At 47’5. The Left to Packston.
• At 58’0. The Right.

From the Standard in Cornhil, along Bishopsgate-street within, through Bishopsgate and Bishopsgate-Street without, you come at 4. furl. to the Barrs, where you enter Shorditch, as in the Description of LONDON more at large, leaving LONDON at 1 mile 2 furl. and Hogsdon adjoyning on the Left, at 2’2. you enter Kingsland a Village of 2 furl. and a mile farther Newington such another, but giving you a long Street on the left to∣wards Islington, whence an easy Ascent though of 4 furl. called Stanford Hill, often fre∣quented by High-way-men, and equally descending, brings you at 5 Miles to Tottenham High-Cross, a place well frequented by the Citizens; Hence reiterated Buildings lead you at 6’5. to Tottenham Street, and at about 7 miles to Edmonton a long discontinued Vil∣lage.

At 8’5. you come to Ponders-End, and presently after Lackmore-End, small Villages, and at 10 miles Enfield Wash a long disunited Village, whence leaving Tuttle Street

on the left at 11’6. you enter Hartfordshire, and a little farther Waltham-Cross, a Post Town, and a very good thorough-fare, with 2 or 3 Convenient Inns for entertainment, It extends about 3 furlongs and a little beyond, where you have the Gibbet on the Right, Theobalds a House of the Kings and Pleasantly seated appears 2 furl. on the Left.

At 13. Miles you pass Cross-Brook, and a quarter of a mile farther Turners hill a small Village, at 14’1. entring Cheston-Street 3 furl. long, whence scattering Houses bring you to Wormley End at 16’1. half a mile beyond Crossing the New-River, and 2 furlongs after entering Brockton a discontinued Village.

At 17’6. you come to Hodsdon of 6 furl. Extent seated near the River Lea, a good thorough-fare Town, with a well frequented Market on Thursdays; and one Fair on St. Peters day; hitherto your Road has continued like an entire Street by the frequency of Repeated Houses: Proceeding, you leave Hayley on the Left, and over a small Hill descend into Amwell at 20’5. from which and Chadwel the New River is conveyed to LONDON as in the Description of the City prefixt; The several Ways on the left here∣abouts lead to Hartford, but 2 miles distant, the Shire Town, Governed by a May∣or, 9 Burgesses, &c. Electing Parliament Men, and having a Market on Saturdays; had once 5 Churches, reduced to 3. and is much decay'd since the diverting the great Road from it.

At 21’4 you enter Ware a mile in length. crossing therein first the New River aforesaid, and next the Lea, which at about half a miles distance has accompanied you this last 14 Mile; a Large Town full of Inns; with a good Market on Tuesdays; and talkt on for its great Bed; whence by Wades Mill where you Cross the Mimer, you pass through High Cross end, and Colliers end, and at 27’2. enter Puckeridg alias Puckrich, a good thorough-fare of 3 furl. at the entrance into which the Road on the Right leads to Standon a small Mar∣ket Town a mile distant, and just beyond the Town the great Road to Cambridge, &c. lies before you on the Right.

At 29. Miles you repass the said Mimer and at 31’5. come to Buntingford, a good thorough-fare Town of 4 furlongs with a Market on Mundays, 6 furlongs beyond which you enter New Chipping, and at 34 miles Buckland, 2 small Villages, whence an ea∣sie descent leads you at 38 miles to Royston, a large Town 4 furl. long, seated on the Er∣ming Street in a fertile Vale, and part in Cambridgeshire, full of good Inns, with a great Corn-Market on Wednsdays.

At 39’7. you enter Cambridgshire, and at 40’6 pass through Kneesworth a small Village; at 43’2. Cross the River Grant alias Cam and at 44’5. come to Arrington another Village, whence a direct Road by Wimple and Cungrave on the Right, and through a little Wood at 48. miles brings you at 49’3 to Holm, and at 49’6. to Caxton, of 3 furl. Extent, seated in the Clay, a Post Town, and reasonable thorough-fare, with a Market on Tuesdays.

At 51’7. you pass through Papworth Everard a Village of 2 furlongs, and leaving Nether Papworth or Papworth Agnes half a mile on the Left, enter Huntingdonshire at 53’5. leaving Hilton 4 furl. to the Right, and afterwards Beggers Bush, a Bush so called Emi∣nently situate a little on the left, a small descent leading you into Godmanchester at 56’2 Extending 4 furlongs, a Place of great Antiquity, and a large Corporation, seated in a fertile Soil, and on the River Owse much addicted to Husbandry; being crost the River you enter Huntingdon, heretofore Numbring 15 Parish Churches, now only four; Go∣vern'd by a Mayor and 12 Aldermen, Electing Parliament men, is the Shire Town, has a good Market on Saturdays, and gives Title to the Right Honorable Theophilus Earl of Huntingdon (as more at large in Huntingdon to Ipswich pag. 145.)

At 58 miles you leave the Town; at 59’7. pass through Great Stukely a Village of 2 furl. and half a mile farther Little Stukely; at 62 miles bearing to the Right, a direct Road indifferently enclosed and open, by Stonegate Hole, and Stonegate on the Left, and St. Andrews Chapel and Cannington on the Right, brings you at 69’1. to Stilton as in Plate 2d.

Backward turnings to be avoided.

• 1. At the end of Stilton the Right and Left to Oundle and PETERBOROUGH
• 2. Against Stonegate the Lef to St Ives.
• 3. In Holm the Left to Bourn.
• 4. 7 Furl. beyond Holm, the Right to Pack∣stone.
• 5. 6 Furl. beyond Buntingford, the Right to Upstaine.
• 6. At the end of Ware the Right to Hart∣ford.
• 7. At the end of Kingsland, the Right to Islington.

[illustration]

The Continuation of the Road from LONDON to BARWICK Beginning at Stilton and extending to Tu••dord Plate the 2^d Containing 62 miles From Stilton to Stamford 13 ¾ to Grantham 22½ to Newark 14 to Tuxford 12 ¾

The Continuation of the Road From LONDON to BARWICK, Com. Northumbr.

PLATE. II. Commencing at Stilton Com. Huntingdon and Extending to Tuxford Com. Nottingham. Containing 62 Miles.

Wherein these following Turnings are to be avoided.

• 1 At 73’2. (From LONDON) an Oblique Cross Way the Right to Allerton.
• 2 At 81’4. the forward way which leaves Stamford on the Right.
• 3 At 97’7. the Left to Stoke, the Right to Easton.
• 4 At 104’7. the Left to Barobey.
• 5 At 112’5. the Right to Dodington.
• 6 At the Entrance into Newark the Right to Coddington.
• 7 At 110’4. the Left to Kellum.
• 8 At 130’ Miles, the Right to Normanton.

IN Plate the first we brought you to Stilton at 69’2. a reasonable through-fare, with good Reception, and a Principal Post Town, of about 3. furlongs Extent, whence an open direct way passing 6 furl. from Haddon on the left, at 73’1. conveys you between Chesterton and Allerton, each a quarter of a Mile from the Road; 5 furl. farther a way falls in from Peterborough, at a place called Washington-Corner, a Mile beyond which you enter Water-Newton a Village of 2 furl. seated on the South-west Banks of the Ri∣ver Nine, and another mile farther, viz. at 76 miles pass through Sibson a small Village lea∣ving Stibbington between you and the River 2 furl. to the Right; At 77’2. crossing the foresaid River Nine, and entring Wantsworth of 3 furl and therewith Northamptonshire, leav∣ing Thornhow and Wittering equally 2 furlongs on the Left, at 81’4. you omit the directer way aforesaid, and between Wothrop and Burleigh, at 82’5. enter Stanford vulgo Stamford from Stan and ford, q. d. Vadum Saxeum, seated upon the Navigable Welland and at the conjunction of the Counties of Northampton, Rutland and Lincoln, in which last 'tis reputed situate, being the Principal Town of that division of the County call'd Kesteven; it extends about 5 furlongs on the Road, a Town of good Antiquity. whence the Roman High-Street, or High-Dike, leadeth to the North, and where temp. E. 3. part of the OXFORD Schollars upon a contention between the Southern and North∣ern men of that University, seated themselves, and held their Publique Schools for all sorts of Learning; not returning till by Order of the Kings Proclamation; Whereupon the Graduates were afterwards obliged by Oath not to Read publickly at Stamford to the prejudice of OXFORD: At present a fair, large and florishing Town, consisting of divers well ordered Streets: Governed by a Mayor, Aldermen, a Recorder, &c. contains 6 Parish-Churches, is Walld about, adornd with several fair Structures, and has weekly 2 well frequented Markets on Mundays and Frydays, for Cattle, Corn, and Provisions; Trading principally in Mault, Sea-Cole, and Freestone which they have from Ketton Quarry; Elects Parliament Men, and gives Title to the Right Ho∣nourable Henry Grey E. of Stamford

Leaving the Town you enter Rutland; and at 84’2. your forementioned di∣rect way falling in on your left, you are conveyed thence to Casterton alias Brig-Casterton a Village of 3 furlongs supposed to be the Causennis in Antonine, at the En∣trance into which just at 85. miles, you cross a branch of the Welland, whence a straight Road generally open, leaving Tickingcote at 86’7. and Greetham, at 89’6. each 2 furl. to the left, carries you through a small Wood at 90. miles, and within 2 furlongs of Strat∣ton on the Right at 91’1 and having just past through another small Wood, you enter Lincolnshire at 92’6. and leaving South Witham Church about a mile, and North Witham half a mile on the Left, (where the River Witham takes it's rise,) through another small Wood and Post-Witham you come to Coltsworth at 96’2. a small Village, Whence an open direct Road crossing the said River Witham, at 97’2. conveys you between Kirk-Stoke and Easton, and by great Panton contiguous on the Left at 101’1. where Roman Pavements have been oft dig'd up, and by its Propinquity to the River Witham presum'd

to be the ad Pontem in the Itinerary, and Little Panton 2 furl. distant on the same; at 102. you ascend for 3 furl. and a mile farther descending, pass by the Spittle on the Left, and some houses on the Right, just at 104 miles, and 3 furl. farther Enter Grantham, seated in a bottom, and on the Western Banks of the River Witham, a well frequented Town, with a good Free-School built by Richard Fox Bishop of WINCHESTER, and a fair Church Noted for its high Spire and seeming crookedness, which yet is over-lookt by the adjacent Hills: a Corporation governed by a Mayor and 12 Justices of the Peace Electing Burgesses to Parliament, Enjoying a well-furnisht Market for Sheep, Corn, Malt, &c. on Saturdays and 2 Fairs yearly, the 6th. of December and the 5th. Munday in Lent; at the entrance into the Town a Road turns off to Harlaxton vulgo Harlston 2 miles to the left, where temp. H. 8. was turned up by Ploughing a Golden Helmet of an antique make, supposed to belong to some Eminent Roman commander, and at the other end of the Town a Road on the left likewise to Barobey and Belvoir Castle, seated on the edge of Leicestershire in the pleasant Vale of Belvoir, about which are found the Star-like Stones called Astroyts, formerly of great esteem, Victory being attributed to the effects of their Wearing.

At 104’7. you leave Grantham, whence a gentle ascent of about a mile brings you to Gunnerby, a small Village, a furlong beyond which leaving Mathorp half a mile on the Right you descend Hoocliff Hill, and leaving Sedbrook and Allington on the Left, enter Foston at 109’7. a small through-fare of 3 furlongs, beyond which Westborow appears half a mile on the Right, and at 111’4. you come to Benyngton, principally on the Right Hand, a stragling Village of a mile long; beyond which the several Right-hand-ways lead to Dodington a mile distant, and at 114’5. you enter Nottingham-Shire, an open way bringing you at 116’2. to Balderton, vulgo Bauderton a small Village, and thence a direct way leads you at 118. M. into Newark, and for distinction sake, Newark upon Trent, as being seated on the South East of that River, which beyond the Town formeth an Island; it is a large, fair and well frequented Town Governed by a Mayor and 12 Justices of the Peace, claims the Election of Parliament men; enjoys a good Trade, and a con∣siderable Market on Wednsdays for Corn, Cattle, &c. with 2 Fairs yearly, Wednsday in Whitsun-week, and 22 July: Had once a stately Castle built by Alexander Bishop of LIN∣COLN now ruinous It extends 6 furlongs, and at the end of it, over a fair Bridge, you cross the River Trent and leaving Kellum half a mile to the Right repass it at 120. Miles, or rather that seperated Branch only which unites within a Mile below, and here forms an Island as before.

At 121. M. you pass hrough South Muskum, and at 122’2. North Muskum, both small Villages, the Trent accompanying you at half a Miles distance on the Right: Thus proceeding, at 123’6. you come to Crumwel a thorough-fare of 2 Furlongs, and by Wil∣loughby and Norwell on the Left, at 125’4, Enter Carlton upon Trent another like thorough∣fare; thus arriving at Sutton just at 127. Miles you take leave of the Trent, and Incli∣ning to the Left pass through Weston at 128 M. a small Village; from which nothing pre∣sents it self Memorable till at 131’1. you Enter Tuxford alias Tuxford in the Clay, from its Claiey situation; about 3 Furlongs extent, not large, but a Post Town and good thoroughfare, affording sutable Reception and having a small Market on Mundays.

Backward Turnings to be Avoided.

• 1. 3 Furlongs beyond Tuxford, the Left to Normanton.
• 2. At the end of Carlton upon Trent the Right to Norwel.
• 3. 12 Furlongs short of Newark the Right to Kellum.
• 4. A Furlong beyond Newark, the Right hand way.
• 5. At the entring Lincolnshire, the Left to Claypool.
• 6. 10 Furlongs short of Benington, the Left to Doddington.
• 7. At the end of Benington, the Left to Westborow.
• 8. 2 Furlongs beyond Foston, the forward way.
• 9. 4 Furlongs beyond Grantham, the Left to Boston.
• 10. Opposite to Kirkstoke, the Right and Left.
• 11. At the end of Coltsworth, the Right and Left.
• 12. Opposite to Stratton, the Right and Left hand ways.
• 13. A Mile short of Stamford, forward is the Street way.
• 14. At the entring Stamford, the Left to Uffington.
• 15. At the end of Wantsworth, forward to Stilton a different way.
• 16. A Mile beyond Water Newton, the forward way to Peterborough.

[illustration]

The Cont••••••ation of the Ro•••• from LONDON BARWICK. Beginning at Tux•• & Extending to York. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3^d. Containing ••ales & ¾. viz.^t From Tuxford. to Ire. to Doncaster. to Wentbridg. 10¼ ••••••dcaster. 27. to York. 9. ½.

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The Continuation of the Road From LONDON to BARWICK, Com. Northumbr.

PLATE. III. Commencing at Tuxford in Com. Nottingham, and Extending to the City of YORK, Containing 60. Miles 6 Furlongs.

Wherein these following Turnings are to be avoided.

• At 134’7. The Left to Elsey.
• At 141’1. The Right to Sutton and the Left acute.
• At 151’1. The Right to Cantley.
• At 156’7. The Left to Scausby.
• At 167’1. The Right to Womersley.
• At 17’1. The Left to Brotherton.
• At 172’4. The Right to Hillum.

TUxford we brought you to in Plate the 2d. which leaving at 131’3. you pass by Little Markham, 2 F. on the Left, a descent bringing you to the River Idle, which you cross, and at 134 M. pass through Little Drayton, a small Village, whence Entring the Forest of Sherwood you pass between Elsey and Gameston, and come at 137 miles to the 4 Oaks, leaving Babworth and Norton a little distance on the Right, and at 141’3. entring Barnby on the Moor, a Village of 2 furlongs, you come next at 142’6. to Tarworth a Village like the former, a mile to the Left of which appears Blith a small Market Town.

Next at 143’5. you pass through Ravenskel a small Village, and by Sorlby, on the Left come at 145’3. to Scrooby a Village of 2 furlongs, from which an open way brings you to a Rill at 146’6. where together you enter Yorkshire and Bautry; a Town of 3 furl. Extent, with a Market on Saturdays, chiefly noted for its Trade in Milstones &c. and here falls in a great Road on the Left from Mansfield, Rotheram &c. Hence through a small Wood at 148 miles a direct and good way brings you at 151 M. to Rossington a small Vil∣lage, the Church 3 Furlongs to the Left; 2 Miles farther leaving High Eaders 2 Furlongs on the same hand, you Enter Doncaster at 155 Miles of near 5 Furlongs length, of good Antiquity, antiently Danum and Doneceaster from its Castle now ruin'd and its situation on the River Don; Large and well built, Govern'd by a Mayor and 6 Aldermen &c. Enjoys a good Trade for Stockings and Knit Wascotes &c. Has a good Market on Saturdays for Cattel, Corn, &c. with a Fair the 10 of August, and gives Title to his Grace James Duke of Monmouth, Earl of Doncaster &c.

At the end of the Town you cross the River Don aforesaid, leaving about a quarter of a mile to the West, Kusworth, Scausby and Pigborn successively; at 160 miles the Street way falling in on your Left conveys you by Robin-Hood's Well at 161’7 close on the Right, and Upton at 163’2 half a mile on the Left; Entring Wentbridg at 165’4, 2 furl. long seated on the River Went, and affording good Reception; a mile and half beyond which you pass through Darrington; your Road inclining to the Right and leav∣ing the Street way, which thence passes through Pontefract Park, brings you at 170’2. to Ferrybridg vulgo Ferribriggs, (2 miles to the N. E. of Pontefract) a Post Town and well Accommodated for Travellers, seated on the South side of the broad River Are, over which it has a fair Stone Bridg, whence 4 furl. brings you cross the Marsh, and within a quarter of a mile of Brotherton on the left, the Birth place of Thomas of Brotherton Son to Edward the First.

Then between Burton and Pool each a quarter of a mile from the Road you come to Betteress Hill at 173’2. a descent of 2 F. passing between Lumney and Monk-Friston equally half a mile from the Road, entring Milford at 174’7 a Village of 2 furl. and at 175’7 Sherborn, near half a mile long, a well frequented Town with a Market on Saturdays, and an Eminent Free-School, and noted for its Production of Cherries, &c.

At 177’5 you leave Barkston and at 178M. Scarthingwel Hall each 2 furl. on the Right, and at 179’5 come to Tolton vulgo Towton a small Village of near 2 furl. where on Palm Sunday Anno. 1461 the House of York after a dubious Conflict obtained a Signal Victo∣ry over the Lancastrian party, both Armies consisting in 100’000 Men whereof 35000 are Reported to be slain on the place.

At 182’3 Over a fair Stone Bridge you cross the great River Warf or Wherf and enter

Tadcaster, the Calcaria in Antonine, whereto answers an adjacent Hill called Kelebar; a Town of 3 furl. extent, well provided for Reception, Enjoys a Market on Thursdays, and is noted for the abundance of Limestone here digd up; Whence by Streton Hall 3 furl to the Right, a Mile farther the Street way from Tadcaster falls in on the Left, and 3 furl beyond viz. at 185’7 you pass through Street-Houses a small Village, 6 furl. to the West of which is Bilbrough; then passing between Askeham and Knapton on the Left, and Coppen-Thorp and Bishops-Thorp on the Right, at 190’4 you come to Ring-Houses a Village of 2 furl. so called, and by the Gallows and 3 Windmills Enter the Suburbs of YORK at 191’5, 3 furl. more bringing you to Mickle Gate, whence you have a quarter of a Mile to Ouse Bridg, and as far beyond to the Pavement or midle of the City; The Eminence and Grandeur whereof will easily admit the following Discourse, Wherein we shall briefly Consider its Name, Antiquity, Situation, Extent, Govern∣ment, Privileges and Commerce.

YORK, the 2d. City of the Kingdom anciently Eboracum or Eburacum, by the Saxons, Everwic and Eoferwic, the Cambro Brittans, Caer Effroc, by Nennius, Caer Ebranc, and Ptolome, Brigantium, as being the Chief City of the Brigantes: So call'd from the River Your or Urus which passes through it q. d. juxta Urum; of great Antiquity, said to be built by Ebrank a Brittish King 980 years before Christs time, whence some would also deduce the Word Eboracum; of great Esteem in the Time of the Romans, being a Colony and station of their sixth Legion called Victrix; famous for the Death and Funeral Exequies of Severus and Constantius, and the Birth and Inauguration of Constantine the Great the First Christian Emperor; Preserving and Encreasing it's Lustre even to a Mi∣racle, under the various changes of the Saxons, Danes and Normans, accounting temp. Edw. Conf. 6 Divisions or Wards, and therein 1628 Mansion Houses; yet a plentiful sha∣rer in Calamities, both by Sword, Fire and Pestilence.

'Tis pleasantly seated in a large Vale in the midst of the Shire, at the Confluence of the Rivers Owse and Foss, in a fertile Soil and Healthful Air; is the Decus & Tutamen of the Northern Pars; being well Built, though principally of Wood, Adorn'd with many fair Structures Publique and Private, and Fortified with a Castle and strong Walls; it Extends S. W. and N. E. 12 Furlongs, and as much transversly; is divided into 4 Wards, within which are Contain'd, besides the Cathedral, 32 Churches, whereof 28 in present Use: It is Govern'd by a Lord Mayor as the City of LONDON is, 12 Aldermen Justices of the Peace, 2 Sheriffs, 24 Prime Councel-Men, 8 Chamberlains, 72 Common-Council Men, a Recorder, Town-Clerk, Sword-Bearer, and Common Serjeant; Enjoys large Immunities, Confirm'd by the Successive Kings of England from H. 2d. Made a County Incorporate by R. 2d. Including 36 Villages and Hamlets, call'd the Ainsty, all seated on the West of the Owse: Elects Burgesses to Parliament, and is Honor'd by giving Title to several Princes of the Blood, Particularly the most Illustrious Duke of York Sole Brother to his Present Majesty. Well frequented by Merchants, as seated on the Navigable Owse, severing it into 2 parts, conjoyn'd by a stately Bridg of 5 Arches, whereof the midlemost is perchance the fairest in England: Has 4 Markets Weekly, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays, well Provided of Flesh, Fish, Fowl, &c. Is the Seat of of an Arch-Bishop; the Cathedral, begun by Edwin King of the Northumbers Anno 627. Finisht by his Successor Oswald, and Dedicated to St. Peter, being Burnt, the Foundation of the Present was laid by John Roman, and Finisht by his Son John, William Melton and John Thoresby Arch-Bishops hereof, Assisted by the Nobility and Gentry of the Country, especially the Percies, and Vavasors, and is a large Magnificent and Stately Piece, with a Curious Chapter House on the North-side of Exquisite Workman∣ship,

Backward Turnings to be avoided.

• 1. 2 Furlongs from YORK, the Right.
• 2. 2 Furlongs from Bilbrough, the Right to Tadcaster the Street way.
• 3. 3 Furlongs from Tadcaster, the Right to Wingate.
• 4. 2 m. short of Ferribriggs, the Left to Pool, the Right to Burton.
• 5. 7 Furlongs short of Robin-Hood's Well, the Right to Skelburrow.
• 6. 2 Mile beyond Robin-Hood's Well, the Left to Adam-street the Right acute.
• 7. 1’3 beyond Doncaster the Left.
• 8. 5. Furlongs short of, (and opposite to) Rossington, the Right.
• 9. 3 Furlongs short of Scrooby, the Right.
• 10. 4 Furlongs short of Little Draiton, the Right.
• 11. 6 Furlongs from Little Draiton, the Left.

[illustration]

The continuation of the Road from LONDON to BARWICK beginning at York and e••ctending to Chester in y^e Street Plate y^e 4^th con••ining 76½ viz^tt: to Burrowbriggs 17½ to Topeliff 6 to Northallerton 14 to Darlington 14 to D••rham 19 to Chester in y^e Street: 6

The Continuation of the Road From LONDON to BARWICK, Com. Northumbr.

PLATE. IV. Commencing at the City of YORK and Extending to Chester in the Street Com. Dunelm. Containing 76 Miles 4 Furlongs.

Wherein these following Turnings are to be avoided.

• At 192’3. without Micklegate, YORK, the Left forward to LONDON.
• At 194’2. the Right to Popleton.
• At 209’3. Entring Burrowbrigs, the left to We∣therby, the Right (forward) to Aldborough.
• At 213’5. In Disford, the Left to Rip∣pon.
• At 254’4. the Left to the Cole-Pits.
• At 259’1. the Left to Great Merington.
• At 267’1. the Right to Lumley.

VVE brought you in Plate the 3d. to the City of YORK, whereof we there gave a short Account; reckoning from the Standard in Cornhil LONDON, to Micklegate on the South West of that City 192 Miles, and to the midle of the City about 192’4; By the direct superficial Protraction of the said Road about 176 Miles; but the direct Horizontal distance not above 162 Mile; This we mention, for that about 40 years ago Mr. Norwood making the said Horizontal Distance 177 Miles, stated thence a degree of Latitude at 69’5 English Miles, which Mr. Oughtred by an Angle to the Center of the Earth reduces to 66’25. and we incline to believe will not prove above 63 Miles; but hope shortly to adjust more accurately this Important Thesis.

Our Dimensuration we continue from Micklegate aforesaid doubling 3 furlongs of the Road from London, passing between Popleton on the Right, and Rufford and Heslow on the left; Crossing the River Nid at 199’7 over Skip Bridg half a mile below Wilsthorp Hall, leaving Kerk-Hamerton 2 furl. to the left, and Passing through Green Hamerton a small Village at 201’5. having hitherto had a direct Road, indifferently Enclosed and open.

Hence bearing to the Right you leave Whixley 2 furl. on the Left, and little Osborn as much on the Right, between which and great Osborn about half a Mile on the same hand springs the River Owse, which a little below meets the Your, rising near the Confines of this County with Westmoreland, and passing through YORK, after its Confluence with the Trent, bears the Name of Humber, importing to Leland as much as Aber i. e. Ostium flu∣minis; But proceeding, you pass by Branton-Green 2 furl. to the Right, and between Grafton and Over-Dunsford, are conveyed by a direct way at 209’2 to Boroughbridg, vulgo Burrowbriggs, of 3 furl. Extent, seated on the South side of the Your, over which it has a fair Stone Bridg; The Town not large, yet well accommodated, Electing Parlia∣ment men and enjoying a small Market on Saturdays; the Straight Road from Ferribriggs by Wetherby falling in here on the Left, saves the Traveller 9 Miles of what the Dimensu∣ration by YORK enlarges his journey: Half a Mile to the East of this Town appears in the Valley Aldburgh or Aldborough a small Village, in Antonine Isurium, an eminent City in the time of the Romans, and near it certain Piramidal Stones supposed to be Erect∣ed by the Romans as a signal of Victory, by the Countrey People call'd the Devils Bolts.

At the end of the Town Crossing the River aforesaid, a direct open way brings you at 213’5 to Disford a small Village whence the Road inclines to the Right, and having received a different way from YORK at 214’6, brings you to Topcliff at 215’2 a pret∣ty through-fare of 5 or 6 F. extent, seated principally on the North East of the fair River Swale, upon a Considerable Ascent, through which your Road passing irregularly, at 217 Miles carries you by Newby Hall 2 furl. on the Left, and at 218’2 brings you to Catton on the Moor a Village of 3 furl. the foresaid Swale accompanying you at about half a miles distance on the Left; thus passing over the Moor, and within a mile and half of Thresk, a small Market and Borough Town on the Right, at 221 Miles you pass through Sand-Huton a small Village; and now the Wisk (which near this place falls into the Swale) accom∣panying you at about a like distance on the Left also for several Miles, an Enclosed way

passing by Newsome 2 Furlongs distance on this side, and Kirkby at alike distance on the other side the said River, you leave the Kilvintons on the Right, and Great and Little Ottrington between you and the River on the Left, and at 229’1. Enter Northallerton, (A.S. Ealfertun) seated on a small Rill, which a Mile below falls into the Wisk a Town of 4 Furlongs in Length, large and well Built; Elects Parliament Men, has a great Market on Wednsdays for Horses and other Cattel, Corn and Provisions: Is a Post-Town of good Reception, and well Traded unto. And thus far Anno 4. Steph. R. David King of Scots Invading Northumberland, proceeded and Spoild the Country (the King be∣ing otherwise Engaged by Maud the Empress) but was Repell'd by Thurstan Arch-Bishop of YORK: William Earl of Albemarl, &c. 10’000. of his Men Slain, and him∣self with his Son Henry forc'd to Retreat.

Your Road continuing Enclos'd, passes between Danby super Wisk, and Brunton each a Mile distant, and by Lowsey Hill a small Village contiguous on the Left, on the pitch of a Descent of 3 Furlongs; at 235 M. you Enter Little Smeton, a Village of 2 Furlongs, and at the end of it cross the forementioned Wisk, and half a Mile beyond you come to Great Smeton, a Village little better than the former; whence a direct Road brings you at 239 M. to Break-horse-bank, a Descent of 2 Furlongs, and by Ereyholm 2 Furlongs on the Left, at 240 M. to the Ferry over the River Tees, where at the same time you Enter Ny∣som, a Village of 2 Furlongs, and the Bishoprick of Durham: this River alone be∣ing the Southern Limits of that County Palatine; and leaving Hurworth on the Left, at 243’1 you cross the River Skern, which rising about 10 Miles to the Northward, falls into the Tees near Croft-bridg 2 Miles below this Place: Having past the Bridg you Enter Darlington vulgo Darnton, of 5 Eurlongs Extent upon the Road; large and well frequen∣ted, being a Post-Town, well Accommodated for Entertainment; and having a very considerable Market on Mundays for Cattel, Corn, &c. At Oxenhall near this place are 3 Pits call'd Hell-kettles, whereof the vulgar tell you many fabulous Stories.

At the end of the Town over Northgate-bridg you cross a small Rill, falling into the Ad∣jacent Skern, which fetching a compass on the Right appears near the Road again at Co∣teham or Cotonmundil which you pass through at 247’6. and leaving Brasford alias Brafor∣ton, half a Mile on the Right, you come at 249’3. to Acle alias Ackham, a Village of 2 Fur∣longs, and at 252 M. to Woodham another small Village, whence by Rushey-Ford, and be∣tween West-close and Little Chilton, you come to Ferry-Hill, alias Ferye super montem, at 255’7. a Village of 2 Furlongs, seated on the pitch or brow of an Hill, descending 3 Furlongs: whence by Hett and Croxdale 3 Furlongs on the Right, at 259 M. you come to Sunderland a small Village, and 2 Furlongs farther Sunderland-bridg, over the River Were; whence by Farwel a House on the Right, at 262’3. you Enter the Western Suburbs of DURHAM, lying 5 Furlongs on the Road, leaving the City it self almost Encircl'd by the River on your Right; well Compacted, Numbring 6 Parish Churches, besides the Cathedral Dedicated to St. Cuthbert: Is Govern'd by a Mayor, Aldermen, &c. And its Principal Market is on Saturdays: The City it self is seated on an Eminence in a Pleasant Vale, but its Suburbs Extends into the bottom; 'Tis Wall'd about, and being Defended by a Castle, renders it of good Strength. [Whereof see more in Whitby to DURHAM and Tinmouth pag. 179.]

At 263 M. leaving the forementioned Suburbs, a small Ascent passing between the Gallows and Crokehal alias Crokshal, Succeeded by another small Hill, leads you into Dur∣ham Moor, at 263’7. a small Village, whence between Newton on the Right, and Nettle∣worth on the Left, you pass by Plausworth contiguous on the Right at 266’2. and leaving Waldridge on the Left, Enter Chester in the Street at 268 Miles, of 4 Furlongs Extent as in Plate 5th.

Backward Turnings to be avoided.

• 1. 4 Furlongs from DURHAM, the Left.
• 2. 3 Furl. from Ackham, the Left to Brasford.
• 3. 12 Furl. short of Darlington, the Left to Barmetton.
• 4. 6 Furlongs from Darlington, the Left to Yarum.
• 5. A Mile short of Great Smeton, the Right to Richmond and the Left acute.
• 6. 11 Furlongs short of Northallerton, the Right to Danbey.
• 7. A Furlong from Northallerton, the Left to Thrusk.
• 8. 4 Furlongs from Topcliff, the Left to YORK.
• 9. At the end of Burrow-bridg, the Right to Wetherby.
• 10. 4 Furl. from Burrow-bridg, the Right.
• 11. 4 Furlongs from Green Hamerton, the Right to Kirk Hamerton.
• 12. At Skip-bridg, the Right to Woolstrop-hall.

[illustration]

The continuation of the Road from LONDON to BARWICK Beginning at Chester in y^e: Street in Epalu Dunelm & extending to BARWICK Plate the 5 and last containing 70 ½m: viz^t: to Newcas••••e: 8: to Morpeth: 15: to Alnwick 18½: to Belford: 13½: &: to BARWICK 15½.

The Continuation of the Road From LONDON to BARWICK, Com. Northumbr.

PLATE. V. & Last. Commencing at Chester in the Street, in Epatu. Dunelm. and Extending to Barwick aforesaid. Including 71. Miles.

Wherein these following Turnings are to be avoided.

• At 292’7. The Left acute.
• At 312’7. The Left acute.
• At 319’4. The Left acute.
• At 321’0. The Right acute.
• At 330’4. The Right acute.
• At 334’5. The Left acute.

IN Plate the 4th. we brought you to Chester in the Street, (computed, but errone∣ously, the Mid-way between DURHAM and Newcastle, to which last it is farther by 2 Miles) so call'd from it's Situation on the Via publica; by the Saxons, Concester; whence Cambden supposes it the Condercum in the Notitiae; seated on the West of the Were, pleasantly over-looking Lumley-Castle, the ancient Seat of the Lord Lumley's, about 6 Furlongs distant on the other side the River: It is a good Through-fare of about 4 Furlongs, with handsom Reception: Leaving which at 268’4. about 6 Furlongs farther pass by Peloo-Hall, a little distance on the Right, and prosecuting the Street-way which is a straight way indeed; at 271 M. leave Birtley, vulgo Buckley, on the same Hand; whence at 272’7. inclining to the Left, two small Descents bring you at 274 M. to a Beacon, and 5 Furl. farther a Windmil on the Right, whence an easie Descent conveys you at 275’6. to Gateshead, alias Gate-side, as it were the Sub∣urbs of Newcastle: a Town of great Antiquity, consisting at present of a fair Street of 4 Furl., seated on the Banks of the Tine, by the Saxons call'd Gates-heved, i.e. Caprae Caput, or Goat's-head, perchance from an Inn with such a Sign. Whence a stately Stone∣bridg over the Navigable Tine, separating the Counties of Durham and Northumberland, leads you into Newcastle, whereof take this brief Account.

New-castle, seated on the South-side of an eminent Ascent; before the Con∣quest call'd Monkchester, as appertaining to the Monks; but from the Castle built here by Robert eldest Son of William the Conqueror, New-Castle. It is a Town and County govern'd by a Mayor, 12 Aldermen, a Recorder, &c. sends Burgesses to Parlia∣ment, is the Shire-town for Northumberland, and gives Title to his Grace, William Duke, Marquess and Earl of New-castle; numbers 4 Parish-Churches, besides one in Gateshead; has a fair Exchange and handsome Custom-House; is encompast with a strong Wall and 7 Gates, but the Castle on the East of the Town is now ruin'd: Has weekly two great Markets on Teusdays and Saturdays. 'Tis a most eminent Em∣porium, rich and populous, highly frequented by Merchants, &c. driving a mighty Trade both by Sea and Land, but principally noted for it's wonderful Coal-trade, whereof it transmits some thousands of Sail yearly to the City of LONDON and other Parts, Domestick and Foreign.

Leaving New-castle at 276’6. you pass by Old Heton, and at 278’5. Great Ben∣tham on the Right: At 280’2. Entring North-Gosford, a Village of 2 Futlongs, ha∣ving before left South-Gosford on the Left, a direct and open way conveys you at near 285 Miles between Blakedon on the Left, and Shotton on the Right, and at 285’6. to Blith-Bridg over the River Blith or Pont, which rising about the Picts Wall, falls into the Sea at Blith's Neuk 5 Miles below this Place.

At 286’3. You pass through Stannington, a Village of 2 Furlongs, and leaving Netherton on the Right, a reasonable Direct Way brings you, by _____ _____ Castle on the Left, to Wanspeck at 290’7. the Church and Castle adjoyning on the Left: here you cross the River Wanspeck, rising about the midle of the County, and ha∣ving a little above receiv'd the Font, about 5 Miles below falls into the Sea. Having past the River you enter Morpeth, a Corporation, Govern'd by two Bayliffs, send∣ing Burgesses to Parliament; has a great Market on Wednsdays for Cattle, Corn, &c. is a Post-town, and a very good Through-fare, extending about 4 Furl. on the Road.

You leave the Town at 291’6. whence a Road generally open, and somewhat

more indirect, passing by Heborn and Espley on the Left, and Tritlington on the Right; crosses the small River Line, and leaving Causey on the Left, passes a Rill or two, and some Houses at 299’7. whence you come to a little Village at 301’2. of two Furlongs Extent, and there cross the River Cocket, rising on the Confines of this County and SCOTLAND, and proceeding Eastward, receives the Uswey, Rid∣ley and Ridland, and by Warkworth-Castle, over against Cocket-Island, discharges it self into the Sea.

A quarter of a Mile beyond the River you enter Felton, a Village of two Furlongs, whence by Acton on the Right, and Newton on the Moor contiguous on the Left; you pass between Snipehouse and Whittel, through a small Wood and over a Rivulet or two, and at 309’6. enter Alnwick, vulgo Anwick, seated near the River Alne, Ale or Alon, not above two Furlongs on the Road, yet a good Through-fare, had once a large Castle now ruin'd, and near it a decay'd Abby; It has a reasonable Market on Satur∣days, and here Anno 1092. MALCOLM King of Scots having Invaded Northumber∣land was slain, with EDWARD his Son, and his Army defeated by Robert Mowbray Earl of Northumberland. And Anno 1174. WILLIAM King of Scots Invading ENGLAND with 80’000 Men, was 7. July. here Encountred, his Army Routed, Himself made Prisoner, sent to LONDON, and by King HENRY carry'd to Roan in Normandy, paying 4’000 l. Ransom.

At 310’2. You cross the foresaid Alne, which rising 10 Miles to the West, dis∣charges it self into the Sea about 4 Miles Eastward. Hence sprinkled Woods and easy Descents bring you to an open Way, leading you through Carleton at 315’6. whence leaving Tunston-Castle, Ellingham and Newsted on the Right; At 319’6. you enter Warnford, a Village of 2 Furl. a Mile farther leave Edderston, als. Atherston a Furlong on the Right, and a Mile and half further Mowsewel 2 Furl. on the Left. Whence by New∣lands a quarter of a Mile on the Right, at 323’4. you enter Belford, a small Through∣fare, yet being a Post-town, is accordingly provided for Reception of Travellers; whence by the Chapel at 324 Miles close on the Left, and Middleton and Detcham on the same Hand; At 328 Miles you pass by Buckton contiguous on the Right a Mile and half distant from the Sea, and at 329’4. Fenwick, a Village two furlongs on the Left.

At 331’2. You come to Haggerston a Village of 2. Furlongs, whence by Broome House, and Brigg Mill on the Left, and Cheswick and Skrimerston on the Right; the last within a Mile of the Sea, at 338’2. you pass through Tweedmouth, whence crossing the Famous River Tweed, over a long Bridg of several fair Arches, at 339 Miles you Enter Bar∣wick, 2 Furlongs more bringing you to the Cross, where ending our Computation, we shall present you with a short View of this Important Town:

Barwick, alias Berwick, anciently Tuesis, Importing, according to Leland, as much as Aberwic i.e. Urbs ad ostium Fluminis; but Somner rather deduc'd it from Bere-wic, in Saxon signifying Corn-town, whereof see Mr. Cambden at large. A Place not so Emi∣nent for Antiquity, as for being a Town and County of it self; and included in Nor∣thumberland, though situate on the North-side of the River Tweed; a Place of great Strength, having the Sea on the East and South East, and the River Tweed on the South-west, encompass'd with a Wall, and fortify'd with a strong Castle. Is large Populous and well-built, Govern'd by a Mayor, Bayliffs and Burgesses, Elects Par∣liament Men, and has a very great Market on Saturdays for Corn and Salmon, and other Provisions.

Backward Turnings to be avoided.

• 4 Furlongs from Barwick, the Right to Cailsho, and so to Carlisle.
• Opposite to Skrimerston the Left to the Water-side.
• Opposite to Cheswick, the Left acute.
• 6 Furlongs beyond Hagerston the Right.
• The Right against Mowsewel.
• 2 Furlongs beyond Warnford, the Right.
• 3 Furlongs beyond Carleton, the Left.
• 10 Furlongs short of Alnwick, the Right.
• 4 Furlongs beyond Alnwick, the Left.
• A Mile beyond Cocket fluv. the Right.
• At the End of Morpeth, the Left to Sheelds.
• At the End of Gateside, the Right to Redhough.

Notes

• Counties past through.
• Rivers crost over.
• The quality of the way.
• LONDON. [N.]
• [2’1. N. b. E.]
• Kingsland. 2’3. Newington. 3’2.
• Tottenham. 5’1.
• Edmonton. 7’2.
• Lackmore End. 9’2.
• Waltham Cross. 12. M.
• Crossbrook-Street. 13. [13’7. N. E.] Cheston Street. 14’2. [15’1. N. b. E.]
• Hodsdon. 18.2.
• Amwel. 20.5.
• Ware. 21.4. N.N.E.
• Colliers end. 25’5. [27’3. N. b. W.] Puckridg. 27’4.
• Buntingford. 31’6. [32. M. N. b. E.]
• Royston. 38’2.
• Kneesworth. 40’6. Arrington. 44.5.
• Caxton. 50. M.
• Papworth Everard. 51’7. [53’6. N. b. W.]
• Godmanchester. 56’2.
• Huntingdon. 57’5. [58. M. N. W.]
• [62’1. N.] Stilton 69’3.
• Stilton N.
• [70’3. N.W.b.N.]
• [73’7. W.N.W.]
• Water Newton. 75.
• Sibson. 76, M.
• [77’3. N.b.E.] Wantsworth. 77’6. [78’2. N,W.]
• Stanford. 82’7.
• [83’2. W.N.W.]
• Casterton. 85’2. [89. N.b.W.]
• [95. N.W.b.W.
• [95’4. N.b.W.]
• Coultsworth. 96’2.
• Grantham. 104’4.
• 108’3. N.W. b W.]
• [109’4. N. b. E.]
• Foston. 110. M. [110’7. N. b. W. Benington. 112. M.
• Balderton. 116’2. Newark. 118’3.
• [121’5. N.E.] [122’4. N.]
• Crumwel. 123’6. Carlton. 125’5.
• Sutton. 127. M. [128’6. N.W.b.N.]
• Tuxford. 131’2.
• Tuxford 131’2. N.W
• [132’1. N. N. E.]
• Little Drayton 134 m. Barnby 141’4. Tarworth 142’7.
• Ravenskel 143’5. Scrooby 145’4.
• Bautre 147 m. [149’4. N. W. b N.]
• Rossington 151 m.
• Doncaster 155’2.
• Wentbridg 165’5. [166’1. N. b E.]
• Darrington 167’2.
• Ferribridg 170’3.
• Milford 175 m. Sherborn 176’1.
• Towton 179’6.
• [182’1. E. N. E.]
• Street-Houses 185’7. [189’6. N. N. E]
• Ring Houses 190’5.
• YORK 192 m.
• YORK Micklegate 192 m. W. S. W. [193’2. W. N. W.
• Green Hamerton 201’5 N. N. W.
• Burrowbridg 209’4. N.
• Disford 213’5. N.E. b N Topeliff 215’6.
• [216 m. S. W. b S.]
• [218 m. N. b E.] Catton on the Moor 218’4
• Northallerton 229’3.
• Lowsey Hill 233’1. Little Smeton 235’1.
• Great Smeton 235’7.
• Nysom 240’2. [N. W. b E.]
• 243’3. N. b E.
• Darlington 243’5.
• Ferry Hill 256’0. [N. N. W.]
• Sunderland 259’1.
• Farwel 260’5. N. E. [262 m. N. b W.] DƲRHAM 262’6.
• Darham Moor 263’7.
• Plausworth 266’2. Chester in the Street 268’2.
• Chester in the Street, [286’2. N. by E.]
• [273. N. N. W.]
• Gateshead, 276. M.
• Newcastle, 276’4.
• [277 M. N.]
• North-Gosford, 280’3.
• Stannington, 286’3.
• Wanspeck, 291. M.
• Morpeth, 291’4.
• [292’1. N.W.] [292’7 N. b. E.]
• [295’4. N.W.b.N.] [299’1. N.N.E.]
• Felton. 302. M.
• [308’6. N. N. W.]
• Alnwick, 309’7.
• Carleton, 315’6.
• Warnford, 319’7.
• Belford, 323’5.
• Haggerston, 331’3.
• Tweedmouth, 338’2. (338’4. E. by N.)
• Barwick, 339’2.