The sea-mans dictionary, or, An exposition and demonstration of all the parts and things belonging to a shippe together with an explanation of all the termes and phrases used in the practique of navigation / composed by Henry Manwaring ...

C (Book C)

A Cabell.

IS a three-strand Roape, intended to be sufficient for a ship, to tide by at an Anchor, for otherwise it is counted but a hawser; for a great ships hawser, will make a small ships cabell: Cabells have severall appellations, as the Anchors: and are called, the first, second or third, as they grow in greatnesse; beginning with the last, till it come to the sheate-Anchor-cabell. The best cabells, are those which are made of the whitest stuffe, and therefore Streights cabells are the best: The next, the Flemmish and Rowsie, the last, ours: The ma∣king a cabell is termed the laying: as to say, this cabell was well layed: Sarve the cabell, or plat the cabell, is to bind some old roapes, cloutes or the like to save it from gawleing in the house: Splife a cabell, is to fasten two cabells together with a splife: Quile a cabell, is to lay it up in rowles one above another: Cabell, tire, is the cabell so laid up in rowles. Pay more cabell, that is, when they carry out an Anchor and cabell in the Boate, to turne over into the sea some cabell, that the boate may rowe the easier, and the cabell be slack in the water: Pay cheape, that is, fling it-over-a part: Veere more cabell, that is, let more goe out: Shot of cabell, vide Shot.

Caburne.

Is a small lyne made of spun-yarne to bind the cabells, or to make a bend of two cabells, or to sease the winding-taks, and the like.

Calme, and be Calm-ing.

Is, when at sea we have not any wind, and then we adde to it, these Epithetons, flat, dead, or starke-calme: A calme, is more troublesome to a sea-faring man, then a storme. If he have a strong ship, & sea-room enough. In some places, as in the Straights, when it is an extraordinary great storme, with much wind, and a wrought sea, on a suddaine there will be no wind, but a flat-calme, yet an-extraordinary billow which is wonderous troublesome and dan∣gerous, for the having no use of saile to keep her steddy on a side; the great sea, will make a ship rowle, so that unlesse she be a very fast ship in the water, she will be in danger to rowle her masts by the boord, or her selfe under water.

Be Calming.

Is when any thing takes away the wind from an other: As when one ship is close under the Lee of an other, the winder∣most

ship doth be-calme the Let-ward most: Also when we are neere the land, which keeps the wind from us, we say, it doth be-calme us.

To Camber, or Cambering.

We say, is a decke lies cambering when it is higher in the midle, then at either end, and so doth not lie upon a right line: This word, is most commonly applied to the ships keele and beames, and other rounding-peeces, in the ships frame. Cam∣ber-keeled, is when the keele is bent in the midle upwards, which hap∣pens many times by a ships over lying a-ground, when either her after∣most part, or fore-most doth not touch: but the most common cause, and the chiefe reason of combering in great and long ships, is the sharpenesse of the Hull afore and abast, and the fowlenesse of their floare. A mid-ships, which having more bredth to beare upon the water, is har∣der to sinke then both ends before and abast: which by reason of their sharpnesse, and great waight, over-head, and in their rakes, which over∣hangs the ground-worke, sinke faster into the water, and so their weight forces the keele and whole worke in the mid-ships, to give way up∣wards, which is the maine reason of the ships cambering.

The Cap.

Is the square peece of timber, which is put over the head of any mast, with a round hole, to receive into it the top-mast, or flag-staffe, by which the top-mast is kept steddy; for if the head of the maine-mast, be too short, so that the Cap-stand too neere the heele, or bottom of the top-mast, the top-mast will never stand steddy, and besides the weight of the top-mast, will straine the head of the maine-mast so much that it will be in danger to spend it, or beare it by the the boord: Every mast hath a Cap, if it carry an-other, or but a flag-staffe at the top.

Cap Squares.

Are the broad peeces of iron, which belong to either side of the carriage of a peece of Ordnance, to look over the Trunnions of the Peece, over which they are made fast in an Iron pin, with a fore-locke, the use whereof, is to keep the Peece, from flying or falling out of the carriage, when it is shot off, the mouth of it lying very low, or as the phrase is, under-mettle.

The Capstaine.

There are two kind of Capstaines, the first called the capstaine, or the maine capstaine: and is that peece of timber which is over-placed, right up and downe, next abast the maine-mast, the foot standing in a step, on the lower-deck, and the head being, betwixt the two upper decks; The parts are these, the foot, the spindle, the whelps, the barrell and the holds for the barrs, to which also belongs the darle of

Iron; the use of it, is chiefely to weigh our Anchors, and generally to hoyse our strike-downe top-masts, or to have in any thing of weight, as Ordnance or the like, or indeed, to straine any roape that requires great force. The second, is a Geere capsthine, which is placed in the same manner, betwixt the maine, and fore-masts; the use whereof, is chiefely to heave upon the Geere-roape, or else to hold off by, when we weigh the Anchor: At the foot of this, there are whelpes placed, in a lesser proportion, which is to heave upon the viole for the help of the maine capstaines, in weighing a great Anchor. Come you up-cap∣staine, that is, those at the capstaine must goe backward, and slacken the roape or cabell which they did heave at. In the same sense, they also use these words, Launch at the capstaine, that is, heave no more; rowle the capstaine, that is, to stay it with the iron paule, which bearing against the whelpes, keep the capstaine from turning back.

Capstaine Bars.

Are small peeces of timber put through the bar∣rell of the capstaine, through square holes of equall length of both sides, by which the men doe heave and turne about the capstaine.

A Card, or Sea Card.

Is a Geographicall description of Coasts, with the true distances, hights and courses, or winds laid downe in it, Not describing any In-land (which belongs to Mapps) the differen∣ces and uses of them, will require a long discourse, and they are set downe in most books which write of Navigation, and therefore I leave them to those bookes.

Careene.

Careening, is the best way of trimming a ship under wa∣ter, both for that the Carpenters may stand upon the scaffolds, most commodiously to caulke the seames, or doe any other thing that shall be requisite; Also for the saving of the ground timbers, which, especially in ships of great burthen and weight, must needs be much wroong, though they be laid never so strong: besides, it is a most necessary trim∣ming for great ships, which are either old or weake built, and also for any ships that have but small floate, and are built so sharpe under wa∣ter, that they will be in danger of overthrowing when they shall be brought a ground. This careening is to be done in harbour, where the slower the tide runs the better: And it is most commonly used in such places, where there are no decks to trim a ship in, nor no good places to grave a ship on, or else that it doth not ebbe so much that a ship may shew-drie; For the manner of careening, it will be too long and un∣necessary

to set downe all the particulars: In generall, it is thus, they take out all, or leave but little of the provision, Ballast, Ordnance (or the like) in the ship: and you must have a lower ship by her, with which she must be haled-downe on a side, and righted againe with tac∣kles (yet with the weight of ballast above, or below, they doe effect the chiefe force of the businesse, and so never straine the ships masts much:) Note that all ships are not of a like condition to careene; for some ships will be very hard to come downe, though they have no bal∣last in them, and those are flemmings, built with two standing streakes, these must have some weight upon the deck to help them downe, and yet these will right themselves very easie, and therefore need not much in holde to help to right them; Some, as our English built, and the like, will come downe easie, and be hard to right, and therefore we keep somewhat in all these (to right them) in holde, and having nothing on the deck, some will come-downe easie and right themselves well: Some will doe neither, so that there is not one way for all, but as we see the condition of the ship, we fit things, and worke accordingly, any kind of bringing the Ship over to lye on-one-side (she being on floate) is called careening, though it be but a few streakes; as we say, she was careened three, foure or five strakes: If a ship lie downe much with a saile, they will say, she sailes on the careene.

Carlings.

Are those timbers which lie alongst the ship, from one beame to another; which doe not only serve to helpe to strengthen the ship, but on them the ledges doe rest, whereunto the planckes of the deck are fastned.

Carling-knee.

Are those timbers which come thwart ships, from the ship-sides to the Hatch-way, which is betwixt the two masts: These doe beare upon them the deck, on both sides the mast: and on the ends doe lie the coaming of the hatches.

A Carriage.

Is that whereon we mount our Ordnance; The parts whereof, are the two cheekes, the axeltrees, the bolts, the cap-squares, the hooks, the fore-locks, the trucks, and the lins-pins, (vide) every one of these, in his proper place: The fashion of these carriages we use at sea, are much better then those of the land; yet the Ve••etians, and others use the other in their shipping. A Peece cleeres a shot well, that is, shootes farre, and right, which is a signe that she is smooth and well metled.

A Carthrage.

Is a bag made of canvas, which is reasonable good, being made upon a former, the Diameter whereof must be somewhat smaller then the Sillender of the peece, and of such a length or depth, as that it shall containe just so much powder as is the charge of the Peece: This is wondrous necessary for our great Ordnance in fight, both for speedy lading our Ordnance, and also for saving the powder which is in danger to be fired, if in fight we should use a Ladle: These carthrages are many times made of paper, parchment, or the like, but are not so good as the other: There are also other carthrages, or more pro∣perly, they are to be called cases for carthrages, which are made of Lat∣tin; in which we use to put these other carthrages, to bring almongst the ship, so much the safer from fire till we put them into the Peeces mouth, which is a dare, that in fight, there cannot be too much diligence and or∣der used.

Carnells.

Are Vessels which goe with Missen sailes instead of maine sailes, these will lie neerer the wind then crosse-sailes, but are not so commodious to handle, we have here little use of them, and therefore I speake not much.

Carnell-worke.

The building of ships first, with their timbers, and beames, and after bringing on their planckes, is called carnell-worke, to distinguish it from clinch-worke.

Case,

Is commonly made round of wood hollowed, and fit for the bore of the Peece, by which most conveniently we can put murde∣ring shot into the Peece: We likewise use baggs to the same purpose, but they are not so convenient as wooden cases, because they are apt to catch hold by the way in the flawes of the Peeces: Also some call the sheathing of a ship, the caseing of her.

Case-Shot.

Is any kind of old Iron, stones, Musket-bullets, or the like; which we put into cases, to shoot out of our great Ordnance: These are of great use, and doe much execution amongst men, that ply their small-shot, when we come neere, or lie boord and boord.

Casketts.

Are small strings made of synnet, flat; they are made fast to the upper part of the yards, in little rings which they call Grommets; Their use is to make fast the saile to the yard when we farthell it up: The biggest and longest are placed just in the midle of the yard, betwixt the ties; these doe make up the bunt of the saile, and are termed the brest casketts.

Catharpings.

Are small roapes, which run in little blocks (like a minnom) from one side of the shrowdes, to the other, neere the deck; The use whereof, is to force the shrowdes taught for the better ease, and safety of the mast in the rowleing of the ship; they are only used to the maine-shrowdes, and fore-shrowdes; Also at the setting on of the Puttocks of the shrowdes, they are used; but here they are ever made fast, and doe not run in blocks.

Catt.

The cart, is a peece of timber, fastned aloft, right over the hawse, and hath at the end thereof, two sheevers, wherein is received a roape, with a block, whereunto is fastned a great hooke of iron, after the manner of a double tackle: The use is to trise up the Anchor from the hawse, to the top of the fore-castle, where it is fastned with a stopper. Catt the Anchor, is to hitch the hooke in the ring of the Anchor.

Catt-holes.

Are two little holes above the gun-roome ports a∣sterne for this use, that when we have occasion to heave the ship a∣sterne, by a-sterne: Fast they bring in the cabell, or hawser, by them to the capstaine, the sterne Ports are not so good, because they lie not so even with the capstaine.

Caulke.

Caulking, is the driving of ockham, spun haire, and the like, into all the seames, rends and treenels throughout the ship, without the which, it is impossible for a ship, to be made thite to swimme, and keepe out water.

Chafe.

Or chasing is, when any roape is gualed, or fretted, as we say, the cabell is chafed in the hawse, or when a roape rubbs against any thing which is not smooth and even, we say, it will chafe the roape.

Chaines.

By naming the chaines of a ship indefinitely, is meant those chaines to which the shrowdes are made fast, on the ship-sides; also those that belong to the top-mast shrowdes, are called chaines: In fight we use to sling our yards in chaines, for feare least the ties should be cut, and so the yards fall downe, and these chaines are called slings.

Chaine Walls.

Is a broader timber, set on the out-side of the ship, then the ordinary walls, and is made of purpose to spread out the shrowdes wider, that they may the better succour the mast.

A Chamber.

Is a charge made of brasse or iron, which we use to put in at the breech at any murtherer, or fowley, and containes just so much powder, as is fit for to deliver away the murdering shot, or case shot, contained in that Peece: Also the chamber of a great peece of whole

Ordnance is counted so farre, or so much of it, as doth containe the whole charge it hath.

Channell.

By channell, is meant the deepest part of any River, or Harbours mouth; as when we say Steere in the channell, is meant the deepest part of the River; In places where there are loose sands, the channels doe alter much according to extraordinary winds, which come and drive the sands with the sea, sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other; As when I came into Mamora, the channell lay hast-south-hast, and west-north-west, but in two Moneths after, by reason of a fresh shot, it changed to lie in hast-north-hast, and west-south-west, which is five points of the Compasse; Sometimes we also call narrow seas, chan∣nels, as the English channell betwixt France and England, and Saint Georges channell, betwixt England and Ireland: but being in those Seas, if we say steere in the channell, it is meant in the middest of the sea.

Charge.

We use to say, charge a Musket, but load or lade a peece of Ordnance; A ship of great charge is commonly meant by a ship that drawes much water; and sometimes for an unweidie ship, that will not veere and steere, for then she is dangerous, and chargeable upon a lee∣shore; Also every mans office in a ship, is called his charge.

Chase.

When a man of Warre, doth follow any ship out of his course: or else when any other ship doth alter her course, so as to use all the meanes they can to fetch up and speake with the other ship; we call that chaseing: And the ship so followed, we call the chase: (as meaning by her,) we say, the chase stands thus, or the chase hath taken in her top-sailes, or the chase is strooke a hull, &c. There is great expe∣rience and judgement to be used in chaseing; For though two men be equally Mariners, and know how to saile and direct his ship, yet if one be a practique man of war, and the other not, the man of war will doe much better: The pretence in any chasing, is to make the shortest way of it that they can; which is by judging of the chases course so to shape yours, that you may meet in the neerest angles: There is no certaine rule for chasing; for we must many times be ruled by the condition of our ship: As if the chase clap close by a wind (it being a head-sea) and the man of wars ship, be a short ship, that beates much into the sea, and a lee-ward-ship, then if he clap close by a-wind, his ship will make no way, and therefore he must give a little more large, though he chase

under the lee of the other: In chasing, we alwayes connet to get to wind-ward, in respect that it is advantage in fight: And for that we cannot boord a ship, being too lee-ward, but sometimes (as if it be towards night) to keep sight of the ship, or the like, we must be con∣tent to come under his lee, and get as neere as we can: The sterne chase, that is, when we follow her right a-sterne, and she and we goe right upon one point of the Compasse: To lee with her fore-foot, is the neerest and shortest, that is (as you would say) to lie just a crosse her way, so that both keeping on their courses, they shall meet all at a cer∣taine point. Chase peeces, are those, which lie right forward one, when we say that a ship hath a good chase, indefinitely, it is meant of her chase for-ward, and that is, when she is so contrived, that she can carry many Peeces, to shoote right forward, for to the other, I use to adde the word sterne-case; The peeces of Ordnance, which lie right fore∣ward-on, are called chase-Peeces.

Cheekes.

Are two peeces of timber, which are fitted on each side of the mast, from beneath the hounds, to the upper end of the mast; and they are made of Oake, to strengthen the mast thereabouts, both for the bearing of the top-mast, and hoysing of the yards. In these are the honnes made for the ties to run in: The knees which fasten the beake-head to the bowe of the ship, are called cheekes: Also the sides of any blocks, are called the cheekes: Likewise the sides of the carriages, where the turnions of the Peeces doe lie, are called, the cheekes of the carriages.

Cheteres.

Are the two small peeces of Timber with a hole in them, in which the maine-tack doth run, and to which the tack is haled-down, these are placed a little abast the loofe of the ship, the one on the one side, the other on the other.

Choake.

When a running roape sticks in the block either by slipping betwixt the cheekes and the sheever or by any other occasion, that any thing be got about it, or that it have a kinke, so that it cannot run and be haled through, we say the blocke is choaked.

Clamps.

Are those thick timbers which lie fore and aft, close under the beames of the first orlep, and doe beare them up at either end, and are the same that the risings are to the other decks, vide risings.

A Cleate.

Is a small wedge of wood fastned on the yards, to keep any roapes from slipping by where that is fastned: There are also divers

other uses of it: as to keep the eating of the saile, from slipping of the yard.

Clewe.

The clewe of a saile, is the lower corner of the saile, which reaches downe to the place where the tacks and sheates are made fast to the saile, and it is counted that part, which comes goaring out from the square of the saile, towards the lower corner; when a saile is much goaring, then she hath a great clew; when a little goaring, then she hath a little clew; when it is cut right square and hath no clew, and yet that lower corner of the saile, shall retaine the name of the clew of the saile: A ship spreads a great clew, that is, hath very broad yards, and so spreads much canvas; it is good to allow a good clew to a maine saile; for by that meanes, the tack will come the better aboord, and the sheate will come farther aft, whereby the saile will hold more wind.

Clew-garnet.

Is a roape which is made fast to the clew of the saile, and from thence runs in a block, which is seased to the midle of the yard: The use whereof is, when we farthell our maine-saile, or fore∣saile; for the name of clew-garnet doth only belong to the clew-lines of those two sailes, then this roape doth hale up the clew of the saile, close to the midle part of the yard.

Clew-line

This is the same to top-failes, top-gallant-sailes, and sprit-sailes, that the clew-garnet is to the maine saile, and hath the very same use: Note in foule weather, the gust, when we take in our top-sailes, we hale home the lee-clew-line first, because the saile will be taken in so much the easier.

A Clincher.

Is a small Ship, Barke or Boate, whose planckes and boardes are larded over one an other, and clinched or nailed one through another, with nailes and rooves: whose out-side are berthed or wrought up without timber, framed as we doe in other ships, which worke is cal∣led carvell worke.

To Clinche.

Is to barter or rivet a bolts-end upon a ring, or turne back the end of any naile, so as to make it fast at that end which is driven through; we also call that part of the cabell, which is seased about the ring of the Anchor, the clinch of the cabell.

Clinching.

Is as you would say, a slight caulking, and is most used when we are at sea, and suspect foule weather, so that we may take in water at the ports: we use to command the Carpenter to clinch the ports, that is to drive a little oacham into the seames of the ports,

which may be done (to serve turne) either within boord, or without boord

Cloathe.

We say a saile doth cloath the mast when it is so long, that it touches the gratings or hatches, so as no wind can goe betwixt the saile and the hatches and gratings: A ship spreads much cloath, that is, when she hath broad sailes.

Cloyde.

When there is any thing got into the touch-hole, or breech of the Peech, so that the priming-powder cannot come to give fire to the rest, we say, the peece is cloyd.

Coamings.

The coamings or coaming of the hatches, or the gra∣tings, is that peece of timber or plancke, which beares them up higher then the decks, so as that they doe not lie even with the deck. The uses whereof, are to keep the water from running downe at the hatches to give some ease for men to stand upright betwixt the lower decks, if the decks be low, and neere together; and also in the coamings they may fit holes for to use Muskets, and so serve for a close fight.

Coates.

Those peeces of tard-canvas, which are put above the masts, at the partners, and the lumps at the deck, that no water may run down by them, are called coates. The same is used to the rudder-head.

Cocks.

Are little square things of brasse with a hole in them, put in∣to the midle of some of the greatest wooden sheaves, to keep them from splitting and gulling by the pin of the block whereon they turne.

The Collar.

Is that roape which is made fast about the beake-head, whereunto the dead-man-eye is seased, unto which the maine stay is fa∣stned. There is also a roape about the maine-mast-head, which is called a collar, or a garland, and is there placed, to save the shrowdes from galling.

The Combe.

Is a small peece of timber, set under the lower part of the beake-head neere the middest, with two holes in it, and is just in the nature, and hath the same use to the fore-tacks, that the chef-trees have to the main-tacks, which is, to bring the tack a-boord.

Compasse.

Is that moveable instrument with a flie, whereon are described the 32 points or winds by which we direct the steere, our courses at sea. The fashion is knowne to all, and for the uses, they are handled at large in many books which write of Navigation. There are three kinds; First the plaine Meridionall compasse (which is the or∣dinary one;) the second, a compasse of Variation, which shewes the

variation of the Compasse from the true north and south. The third, is a dark-compasse, which being but an ordinary compasse in use, is only so called, because the flie hath the points described with no colours (as the other are, but only black and white, being most convenient to be seen, when we steere by night, without any light, but only skie-light.

To Cond, or Cun.

I think this word comes of conducere in Latine; so it imports as much as to leade or direct the ship which way she shall goe; it is commonly pronounced thus: Cun the ship, which implies as much as to direct him at helme how to steere. In long courses, when we are off at sea, there is not so much heed taken of it, for then they direct their course upon a point of the Compasse, and so let him at the helm look to the steere right on that point; but in chases and narrow channels (where the course lyes not directly upon a point of the com∣passe) there the Master, Mate, or some other standing-aloft, doth give direction to him at the helme; and this we call conding or cuning: Sometimes hee who commands the ship will be speaking to him at helme, at every little yawe, (which the sea-faring love not, as being a kind of disgrace to their Iteeridge) then in mockage they will say, sure the channell is narrow he conds so thick; whereby you may gather, that in narrow channels, it is necessary and usefull to cond thick. Note that according as the ships sailes are trimmed either before or by a wind, so they use severall termes in conding, and to use other, were improper and ridiculous amongst them: If the ship goe before a wind, or as they terme it, betwixt two sheates, then he who conds uses these termes to him at the helme, starr-boord, lar-boord, the helme a mid-ships. Note that when we say starr-board, the meaning is, that he must put the helme to the starr-board side, and then the ship will goe to larr-boord, for the ship doth ever goe contrary to the helme, if the ship goe by a wind, or quarter-winds, they say a loofe, or keep your loof; or fall not off, veere no more, keep her to: touch the wind; have a care of the lee-latch; all these do imply the same in manner, and are to bid him at the helme, to keep her neere the wind: East the helme; no neere; beare up; these words do appoint him to keep her from the wind, and make her goe more large or right before: Some speeches are common to both, as steddy, that is, keep the ship from going in and out, but just upon the point that you are to steere, and as you goe; and such like.

Cooke-Roome.

The Cooke-Roome, is the place, where they dresse

their victuals, and this room is to be placed in divers parts of the ship, ac∣cording to the ships imployment, in Marchant-men (who must imploy all their hold for the stowing of their goods, and so stow their victuals be∣twixt their decks (it is best to have the Cook-room in the fore-Castle) e∣specially being contrived in the furvasses, for the saving of wood, in long journies: as also for that in fight, they bring their stern and not their Prowe to fight: and therefore it will be the lesse discommodity to them: besides, they doe not carry so much ordnance fore-ward on, and therefore the weight of the Cook-room, is not so offensive: but in a man of warre, it is most inconvenient to have it in the fore-ship or fore-castle: my reasons these. 1. It will (be it placed as well as can be) hinder the use of the ord∣nance. 2. It will lie over the powder. 3. Being a man of war pretends to fight most with his prowe; that part is likewise to receive shot, which if any chance to come amongst the bricks in the Cooke-roome they will spoyle more men then the shot: And besides, the Cook-roome it self for that voyage is spoyled, there being no meanes to repaire it at sea, and then they must needs use another; so that I thinke no man of discretion wil commend or use that for most sufficient, w^ch is most subject to be de∣stroyed, and cannot be repaired. 4. A man of war, ever carries much ord∣nance there, and therefore it is fit to avoid (as much as may be, any weight that may charge her fore-ship. 5. It is dangerous for firing the ship: for being made-up to the ship-sides, so that men cannot go round about it in long continuance, and much heating they may fire the ship unawares. 6. It takes away the grace and pleasure of the most important and pleasantest part of all the ship: for any one who comes a boord a man of warre, will principally look at her chase, being the place where the chiefe offensive force of the ship should lie. And to conclude, I do not know any com∣moditie it can give to a man of warre: wherefore in my opinion, the best placing the Cooke-roome, is in the hatch-way, upon the first Or∣lop (not in the howld, as the Kings ships doe, which must needs spoyl all the victuals with too much heating the howld, or at the least, force them to stowe it so neare the stern and sterne, that it must needs wrong and wring the ship much, and loose much stowage: and it being there placed, as it doth avoid all the former inconveniences, both of the hold and fore-castle, and yet shall be as serviceable, so hath it this benefit more: That it doth wonderfully well aire the ship betwixt the decks, which is a great health unto the company. But if I were to goe to Sea,

as a man of warre, I would have no Cook roome at all; but such an one as I would have contrived to be removed, and strooken downe in howld if I list, and yet it should waste no more wood then these doe, and dresse sufficient victuals for the companie, and roaste or bake some competent quantitie for the Commander; or any persons of qua∣litie.

Cardage.

All kind of ropes belonging to the rigging of a ship, is by a generall Appellation called Cordage.

Cowneer,

Is the hollow arching-part in the ship sterne, betwixt the Transom, and the lower part of the Gallerie, which is called the lower Counter, the upper Counter is from the Gallerie, to the lower part of the upright of the sterne.

Cowrse.

Is taken for that point of the Compasse, which the ship is to saile upon, as to say, the place we must now goe to lyes East, we then direct our course East. Al••ir the course, that is, saile upon ano∣ther point of the Compasse; Mistake the course, that is, not to know how the land lyes, or which way to goe, also Maine-course and fore-cowrse Missen-cowrse, are the failes without the bonners; note all ships of great burthen have double courses to hold more wind, and give the ship more way in a fresh gale, but in an easie gale they hinder (as doe all things that are weighty over head.)

A Crabb.

Is an Engine of wood, with three clawes placed on the ground, just in the nature of a Capstaine being placed, and most com∣monly used where they build ships, for the launching out, or heaving in of a ship into the docke, or off the key.

A Cradle.

Is a frame of Timber, brought along the out-side of the ship by the Bildge, wherein they doe launch ships for the greater safety. In Spaine, and other places, they use to trim all their great ships in them.

Craft.

Is any kind of Nets or lines, or hookes to catch fish, for at sea, they will say, when they have lost their lines or Nets, that they have lost their craft, we also call small vessels, as Ketches, Hoyes, Craes, and the like, small Craft, and he that sailes in them, we say he uses small craft.

Cranckc.

We say a ship is cranek-sided, when she will beare but small saile, and will lie downe very much, with little winde, the came thereof, is, that her breadth being laid too low, she hath nothing to

beare her up, when once she begins to heele, we also say she is cranckc, by the ground, when she cannot be brought a ground, but in danger to overthrow: the reason whereof is; she hath no bildge to beare her, her floare being laid too narrow.

Creengles.

Are little Roapes spliced into the bolt-Roapes, of all failes belonging to the maine and Fore-mast, unto which the Bowling bridles are made fast, and they are also to hold by, when we shake off a bormet.

Cros-bar.

Is a round shot, with a barre of iron, (as it were) put through the middle, comming out at both ends, some 6. or 8. Inches more or lesse, this will not flee so farre as a round shot, but further then a Langrell or chaine-snot; it is very good to use in fight; for the cut∣ting and spoyling of Roaps, sailes, yards and masts, as also to doe exe∣cution amongst men, where they stand plying their small shot, but it is not used under water, for that it will hardly goe through a good ship sides, unles it be used out of very great ordnance.

Cros-Jack.

Is a yard at the upper end of the Missen Mast, under the top, and there is sloong, having no halliards, nor ties belonging to it: the use whereof is to spread, and hale-on the missen top-saile Sheates.

Cros-peece.

Is the great peece of timber, which goes a crosse the bit-Pipes, and is that whereunto we be-lay the Cabell.

Cros-trees.

Are those crosse peeces of timber, which are set on the head of the Mast, being bolted and let into one another very strong. In a generall Appellation, all these fore-Peeces, being so made, and put together, are called the crosse-trees, but in truth and more strictly, on∣ly those two peeces, which goe thwart ships, are called crosse-trees, and the other which goe longst ships are called Treissell Trees, the use wher∣of is to beare and keepe the top-mast up, for the foot of the top-mast is fastned in them, so that they beare all the stresse. These also do bear up∣on them the tops, and do necessarily belong to all Masts, which carry a∣ny other top or flag-staffe at the head.

Crow-feet.

Are those small lines or roapes, which stand in 6, 8, 10. or more parts, being so devided and put through the holes of a dead-man-eye, they are of no necessitie, but only set up by the boat-swaines, to make the ship shew full of small rigging; and are placed to the bot∣tome of the Back-stages of the fore-top-mast, sprit-saile-top-mast-mis∣sen

toppe-mast, and the toppe-gallant-masts.

Cubbridg-head.

Is the same that is a bulke head: onely that we use this word to the bulke head of the fore-Castell and the halfe decke, which we call the cubbridge-head a-fore or the cubbridge-head abast.

Culver-taile.

Is a manner of letting one timber into another, so as that by no means they can slip out: All their Carlings have their ends so let into the beames.

Cut.

This word is used in this sence, cut the saile, that is, when men are aloft upon the yard, the maine saile, ok forr-saile, being far∣thelled up, they must let it fall downe, when a saile is well fashioned, they say it is well cut: Cut the Cabell in the lawse, that is most com∣monly used, when we ride in some stormes, and desire to set-saile, but cannot stay the waighing of the Anchor, for feare of driving too much to lee ward, or the like: Generally when upon any occasion, we can∣not stay to waigh the Anchor, then we put the Cabell in the hawse, to save so much as we can of it: In extraordinary occasion (either at an Anchor, or at sea, we sometimes cut the Masts, by the boord the cause) at an Anchor, is when the storme encreases, so that the power which the wind hath upon the rigging and the mast, doth force her Anchors to come home, or else endanger the breaking of the Cabel, then they cut downe the mast: but if therebe only a great sea gate, and little or no wind, there it is to no purpose to cut the masts, for they doe little or no hurt. This happens in many places, where the winde doth not blow home, as at Santa Cruz in Barbarie, where some have rid such a roade, that the sea hath broke over their fore-top, and yet not a breath of winde. At sea, they cut the masts on these occasions, when an extraor∣dinary gust or storme hath so laid the ship on-side, that there is no hope that she can right againe, and so would quickly be over-set, or filled with water, then in cutting the Mast, first cut the lee-shrowdes, for els when the mast is over boord, it will be hard cutting them, and the end of the mast may chance ro beate out the ships side, next cut a little into the weather-side of the mast, and then cutting the weather shrowdes, the mast will instantly and without danger fall over boord. Likewise at sea, in a great storme, where the ship rowles much, if the partners give way, the mast will rowle out the ships sides. In this case also, if they cannot be mended, the mast must be cut by the boord.

Cut-Water.

The Cut-water is the sharpenesse of the ship before,

which doth as it were, cut the water and divide it before it comes to the bowe, so that it may come by degrees, and not too suddainly to the bredth of the Ship, otherwise the ship would beate so full against the water, that she would make but little way: And therefore many times when a ship is to Bluffe, we put to a false stem, and as it were lengthen her for-ward-on, and this we call a Cut-water, which will not only make her saile better, but also make her keep a better wind and not to beate so much against a head-sea.