The sea-mans dictionary, or, An exposition and demonstration of all the parts and things belonging to a shippe together with an explanation of all the termes and phrases used in the practique of navigation / composed by Henry Manwaring ...

T (Book T)

TAcks.

Are great Roapes, having a-wale-knott at one end, which is seased into the Clew of the Saile, and so reeved first through the Chestree, and then comes in at a hole of the Ship-side: The use of this is to carry forwards the Clew of the Saile, and to make it stand close, by a wind: and then the Sailes are thus, Trimmed: The main Tacke∣fore-saile, and Missen-Tacks, are close a-board, or haled-as foreward on-as may be, so are the Bowlings of the weather-side: the Lee-sheates, are haled close aft, but the Lee-sheates of the fore-saile; not so much un∣lesse the Ship-Gripe: the Lee-brases of all the yards, are brased aft: and the Top-sailes are governed, as the Sailes whereunto they belong: And hence they say, a Ship stands, or sailes close upon a Tack (that is close by a-wind) hale a-boord the Tack, that is to have it downe close to the Chestrees: East the Tack (that is, not so close a-boord:) Let rise the Tack (that is, let it goe all out) it is commonly belayed to the bitts, or else there is a Kevell which belongs to them: These Tacks doe only belong to the Maine-saile, and Missen, and they are ever made Tape∣ring.

To Tack-a-Ship.

To Tack the Ship, is to bring her head about, to lye the other way: as if her head lay first West-North-west, now it will lie East-North-East: the wind being at North. Then supposing the Ship hath all her Sailes out, which we use by a-wind, thus they doe: first, they make her stay (for which, vide to stayes,) when she is stayed, then they say, she is Payed, and so let rise, and hale, that is, let the Lee-Tack rise and hale aft the sheates: and so Trim all the Sailes by a-wind as they were before: that is, Cast off that Bowling, which was the weather-bowling and now set up-Taught thither, and so all Sheates, Brases, and Tacks, as a Ship that is trimmed by a-wind must have.

Tackles.

Are small Roapes which run in Three parts, having either

a Pandant with a hooke to it, or a Rammer, and at the other end, a block and hooke, to catch-hold, and heave in Goods into the Ship: there are these many sorts used, that is, the boates-Tackles (which stand one on the Maine-Mast Shrowds, the other on the fore-Mast shrowds, to hoyse in the boat, and doe serve also for other uses) the Tackles which belong to the Mast (which serve in the nature of Shrowds, to keep the Mast from strayning) The Gunners Tackles (with which they hale in and out the Ordnance) and lastly, a winding-Tackle (which vide.) The Roape of a Tackle, is called the fall (that part which we hale-upon) but that end whereunto the block is seased, is called the Standing part, to hale upon a Tackle, is termed to Bowse upon the Tackle.

Tallee.

When they hale aft the Sheates of the Maine or Fore-saile, they say, Tallee-aft the Sheates.

Tampkin.

Is a small peece of wood, turned fit for the mouth of any peece: which is put in there: to keep out the Raine, or sea-water from washing-in, when the peeces lie without boord.

Tapering.

Is when any Roape, or any thing else, is made bigger at, one end, then at the other: (as the Tacks are made Tapering) which makes them purchase the better, and saves a great deale of Stuffe, be∣cause the Roape at one end beares little, or no stresse; I have seen in Flemmings, the top-saile sheates Tapering.

Taper-Bore.

Is when a Peeces-bore is wider at the mouth, then towards the Breech: some are of opinion, that these peeces doe not re∣coyle so much, but they are not so good: for sometimes if the Shott be too high, it may be it will not come-home to the powder, which is dan∣gerous for the peece.

Tar-pawling.

Is a peece of Canvas that is all Tard over to Lash upon a Deck, or Grating, to keep the Raine from soaking through.

Taunt.

Is when a Mast is very high, for the proportion of the Ship, we say it is a Taunt-Mast, the Flemmings have them so, for the most-part: for Taunt-Masts, and Narrow-yards are best to saile by a-wind: for the Sailes stand so much the sharper: but yet they doe wring a∣ship-sides more then a short Mast, and a broad-yard: which is the rea∣son that our Ships use short-Masts and broad-yards.

Taught.

That is to set a Roape stiffe and fast, as we say, Set Taught the Shrowds, the Stayes, or any other Roape, when it is too slack.

A Tempest

When it over-blowes so exceedingly, that it is not pos∣sible to beare any saile, and that it is a-wind mixt with Raine, or Haile, they call it a Tempest, which they accompt a degree above a storme.

The Thaughts,

Are the seates, whereon those that Rowe in the doe sit.

Thight.

When a Ship is staunch, and makes but little water, she is thight; which is quickly knowne by the smell of the water, for if the water stinck much, it is a signe it hath layd long in the ship, and if it be sweet, it is a signe it comes in newly.

Thowles.

Are the small pins, which they beare against with their Oares, when they Row: and stand in holes upon the upper-side of the Gun-wale of the boate, they are commonly made of Ash for tough∣nesse.

Thwart-Ships.

That is any thing that is done, or lies a-crosse the Ship, from one side to the other, we say it lies Thwart-Ships: and the contrary is Longst: that is, a-long the Ship.

Tides.

This word Tide, is common both to Ebbe, and flow, for it is called Tide of Ebbe, as well as Tide of Flood: A wind-ward-Tide, is when the Tide runnes against wind, then the Sea breakes most, and goes highest; but a Ship, or Anchor straines the Cabels leaft a Lee-ward-Tide, that is, when the Tide and wind goes both one way, then the Sea is smoother: A Tide-gate, that is, where the Tide runnes strong. To Tide it over, or up to a place, that is, to goe with the Tide of Flood, or Ebbe, and so stop the contrary Tide at an Anchor, till the same Tide come againe: and this is used, when the wind is contrary, but doth not over-blowe: for then they cannot stop at an Anchor, and if they keep under-saile, they will loose more in one Lee-ward-Tide, then they shall get in two wind-ward-Tides: when they say, it flowes Tide, and halfe-Tide in any place, the meaning of it is thus: (for the speech is most improper to common understanding, implying as much as if it did flow a Tide and a halfe in some places together, and but halfe an Ebb.) that the Tide doth runne three houres (which is foure points, longer in the offing then it doth by the shore: by longer, is not meant more houres (for it doth ever Ebb and Flow six houres) but thus, if it be high∣water, at the shore, at twelve a Clock it shall not be high-water in the offing till it be three a Clock, (which is the compasse and time for the running of halfe a Tide) so according as it Ebbs or Flowes more, they

say it tunnes Tide, halfe, and halfe quarter (that is, five points) when they come into a Harbour, or over a Stand, they say, they will bring their Tide with them, that is, to come with the flood, which may carry them over: Note that where it flowes Tide, and halfe-Tide, that though the Tide of slood run aloft, yet the Tide of Ebb runnes under-foot, that is, close by the ground: And so for the tide of Ebb, it will flow under-foot.

Ties.

Are foure strand-Roapes, hawser-Laide, which is in respect, that this kind of laying doth not stretch so much as three-shrowd-Roapes, and besides, run smoother in the hounds. These are the Roapes by which the yards doe hang, and doe carry-up the yards when the Hil∣liards are strained to hoyse the yards: The maine-yard and fore-yard-ties, are first reeved through the Ram-head, then through the hounds at the head of the Mast, and so with a turne in the Eies of the sling which are made fast to the yard, they are seased fast, and close to the yard: the Missen-yard, and top-Mast-yard, have but single ties: that is, one doth runne in one part, the sprit-saile yard hath none, for it is made fast with a paire of slings to the bolt-spritt.

Tiller.

The Helme, and the tiller is all one, therefore (Vide Helme) only the word tiller is most properly used for that which we Steere the Boate by; as they say, Give me the tiller of the Boat, not the Helme, yet it is all one in use.

Tire.

When a Deck hath Ordnance fore and aft (though there want some) we call that a tire of Ordnance, some Ships have two tire or three, the fore-Castle, and the halfe Deck being furnished, make halfe a tire; the Cabell tire, that is, the row which is in the middle of the Cabell when it is Quoyled up.

Top-Armors.

Are the Cloathes, which are tyed about the tops of the Masts for shew: and also for to hide men in fight, which lye there, to fling fire-pots use small shott, or the like.

Top-Gallants.

Are the Masts above the top-Masts, these sailes doe draw very much Quarter-winds, in a Loome or fresh-Gale, so it Blow not too-much.

Top-Mast.

The top-Masts are ever halfe so long as the Masts unto which they belong: but there is no one absolute proportion in these and the like things: for if a man will have his Mast short, he may the bolder make his top-Mast long.

Top-Roapes.

Are those Roapes wherewith we set, or strike the top-Masts: they belong only to the Maine and Fore-top-Mast: this Roape is reeved through a great block, which is seased under the Cap on one side, and then it is reeved through the heele of the top-Mast, where is a brasse sheaver, which is placed thwart ships, and then is brought up and made fast, on either side of the Cap, with a Chuch to a Ring, which is fastned into the Cap: the other part comes downe by the ties, and so is Reeved into the knight, and brought to the Captaine when they heave it.

To Towe.

Is to drag any thing a sterne the ship in the water (as to towe the Boate, or to towe a small Ship, or the like, with a Hawser out a-sterne. The neerer any thing is to the Boate, or the like when it is towed the lesse it doth hinder the Ships way: but the farther off the easier it is, for that which is towed, for then the Ship will not give it such twitches.

Transome.

That timber which lyes a thwart the Sterne of the Ship, betwixt the two fashion-peeces, and doth lay out her breadth at the Buttock, is called the Transome: This is just under the Gun-Roome-port a sterne: to lie with a Ships-transome, that is to lie Just with the end of the planks where they are fastned to the fashion-peeces a sterne: to come in a Ships-transome: that is just betwixt her Gun-Roome-port, and her Quarter-port: this is the safest coming-up, for their Ships are most naked: and their Gallies doe use to come-up, but now they begin to cut out ports close by the transome.

Travers.

We call the way of the Ship (in respect of the points whereon we saile, and the Angles which the Ship makes in going to, and againe) the travers of the Ship; as we say, A man doth travers his ground, when he goes in and out: we use to note how many houres the ship hath gone upon a point, what sailes she hath forth, how neere a wind, and so judge what way she makes: this we set-downe upon a paper besides the Plot, which we call a travers, and then drawing a line from the place where we last were, to that place, where the last Pricke or Mark is, we set in the whole: what Course and how farre we are gone: this we call a dead reckoning, then if we can observe and finde the observation and this meet, we are sure we are right, otherwise, we trust more to the observation, and reforme our Reckoning by that: Also the laying and removing a peece of Ordnance, till it come to lye with

the mark, is called the traversing of the Peece.

Travers-boord.

Is a boord which they keep in the Steeridge, having the thirty two points of the Compasse marked in it, with little holes on every point, like a Noddy-boord, that is for him at the helme, to keepe (as it were) a skore, how many Glasses they have gone upon of the Compasse, and so strike a pin on that point; This is to save the Master a labour, who cannot with so much curiositie, watch every wind and course so exactly as he at helme, especially when we goe by a wind, and the wind veeres and hulls.

Tree-nells.

(Quasi nailes made of tree) Are the long wooden pins made of the hart of Oake, wherewith they fasten all the plancks unto the timbers, for though we bolt the bulke-heads for the better assurance and strength, yet the tree-nells are they which doe most fa∣sten the plancks (for we doe use as little Iron under water, as we may conveniently, least the ship should grow iron-sick.) These tree-nels, must be well seasoned, and not sappy, for then the ship will be conti∣nually leakie, and it will be hard to find: If a ship by any beating upon the ground, doe make a-give-back, and come a little out againe, they terme it starting of a tree-nell.

Treenell-trees.

Are joyned to the crosse-trees, and doe lie crosse each other, and serve to the same use; they differ only, that the treenell-trees are those which goe long ships, and the other thwart-ships. Vide crosse-trees.

To Trise.

Is to hale up any thing with a dead-roape, that is, when we hale by a roape that doth not run in any block, or hale up by any de∣vice, but by hand, as if an empty cask be made fast to a roape (that is no tackle) they say, trise-it-up, or any chest, or like goods, which is fastned to a roape, and so haled up by hand into the ship, we call it hale∣ing by hand, when we have not the helpe of any cap-staine, tackle or the like, which might purchase easier, but only doe it, by the immediate and only force of hands.

To Trie.

Trieng, is to have no more saile forth, but maine-saile, the tacks a boord, the bowleing set-up, the sheate close-aft, and the helme tyed-down close a-boord: some trie with their missen only, but that is when it blowes so much, that they cannot mainetaine the maine-saile: A ship a-trie with her maine saile (unlesse it be an extraordinary growne sea) will make her waigh foure points afore the beame, but with a missen, not so much.

The Trim.

Though commonly by the trim of a ship, is under∣stood the swimming of her, either a-head, or a-sterne, or on an even keele: In whether of these, the ship goes best, that they call her trim, but that is not only to be counted her trim, for some ships will goe well or ill according to the staying of the masts: the slacknesse of the shrowds or the like: Therefore in my mind, the order of the swim∣ming considered with this fitting of her masts, and roapes, wherein the ships sailes best should be counted her trim, and not only the line of her swimming in water: The wayes of finding a ships-trym, must be with saileing with an other ship, to bring her a-head so many glasses, then a-sterne as many, then on even keele: That way which she goes best, is her trim, in respect of her mould under-water, then to make her goe better, ease the staies, or set them up, also the shrowdes, then wedge the mast, or give it leave to play, and so in time it is easie (with a little diligence) to find the trim of a ship: Next to men of War (whose daily practise it is) the Scotch men are the best in the world to find out the trym of a ship, for they will never be quiet, but trye her all wayes, and if there be any goodnesse in her, they can make her goe.

The Trough of the Sea.

That is in the hollow betwixt two waves, when we lay a ship under the sea (that is, when we lay her broade-side to the sea) we say, she lies in the trough of the sea.

Trucks.

Are those little wooden wheeles (being made without any spoakes) that the carriages of the Ordnance doe run-on: Also those little round things of wood, which belong to the parcels are called trucks.

Trunnions,

Are those knobbes which come from the side of the Ordnance, and doe beare them up upon the cheekes of the carriages.

Trusses.

Are roapes which are made fast to the parcell of the yards, and are used to two uses, one to bind-fast the yard to the mast, when she rowles either a hull, or at an Anchor; the other is to hale-downe the yards in a storme or gust; these belong only to the main-yard, and fore yard; and they are all brought too, but upon occasion, and also to the missen which hath ever a trusse.

The Tucks.

The word is significant (for it is as you would say) the very gathering-up of the ships quarter under water, if it lie low, that makes the ship have a fat quarter, and hinders the water from passing swiftly to the rudder: if it lie high, the ship must be well laid out in the

quarter, else she will want bareing, for her after-works, which being so high and waighty, doe charge a ship much.

A Turne.

Vide Boord.