The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary being a curious miscellany of sacred and prophane history : containing, in short, the lives and most remarkable actions of the patriarchs, judges, ... heresiarchs, ... emperors, ... and all those who have recommended themselves to the world ... together with the establishment and progress both of religious and military orders ... ; [with] The genealogy of several illustrious families in Europe ; The fabulous history of the heathen gods and heroes ; The description of empires, kingdoms ... / collected from the best historians, chronologers, and lexicographers ... but more especially out of Lewis Morery ... his sixth edition corrected and enlarged by Monsieur Le Clark ... now done into English ; to which are added by way of supplement ... the lives ... and writings of the illustrious families of our English, Scotch and Irish nobility ... clergy ; as also an exact description of these kingdoms ... by several learned men ; wherein are inserted the last five years historical and geographical collections of Edmond Bohun ... never extant till in this work.

THE GREAT HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, AND POETICAL DICTIONARY: BEING A Curious Miscellany of Sacred and Prophane HISTORY. (Book A)

• A, Is the first Letter of the Alphabet in all the known Languages of the World, except in that of the Aethiopians, where according to Ludolphus's Grammar, it is the 13th. The pronunciation of it is free and open, though some Nations, and particularly the English, vary in the sounding it sometimes open, sometimes close, as in the Words all and take. Christ in a mystical sence compares himself to the Alpha and Omega of the Greeks, to signifie that he was the be∣ginning and end of all things. Tertullian says, that he uses this simile, to make us understand, that God having reunited all in him, as in the Head, he will also finish all things by him; but S. Epiphanius and Origen by these two Letters un∣derstand his two Natures.

• Aa, a Fountain in the Province of Bearn, which the Coun∣try People call the Arquebusade or Fountain of Musket Shot, be∣cause it has a peculiar Virtue to cure the Wounds of Fire∣Arms. Also the name of several Rivers, of which one runs by Aahaus in the Diocess of Munster. A second rises in Bou∣lonnois, crosses the Country of Artois, and running to St. O∣mers, falls into the Sea below Gravelin. This is thought to be the Agnio and Euneno of the Latins. A third call'd also Alpha in the Province of Friezeland. A fourth that runs by Steen∣wick in Overyssell, and throws it self into the Sea near the Fort of Blockzil. A fifth in Switzerland, which discharges it self into the Lake of Lucern. A sixth, by some call'd Velicer, that rises in Westphalia near Velen, runs thorough Boeckholt in the Bishoprick of Munster, and empties it self in the Issell near Anhault. The seventh, another River of Westphalia, which runs by Munster, and casts it self into the Eems; and an eighth of the same Country, that washes Stenfort, and loses it self in the Vecht. Ortel. Sanson.
• Aad or Aade, a small River of Brabant which runs to Hel∣mont and Boisleduc, where it mixes with the Dommell.
• Aalam or Ebno'l Aalam, the Name of Ali Ebno'l Hosain, an Arabian of the Ninth Age, whose Skill in Astrology pro∣cur'd him the Esteem of all the Princes of his Country. Pocock's Hist. &c.
• * Aalburg, Lat. Aalburgum, a City of North-Jutland, which is a Bishops See under the Arch-Bishop of Lunden.
• Aalem or Aulem, an Imperial Town of Swabia, contain∣ing about 30 Families. It formerly belong'd to the Dukes of Wirtembergh, but Eberhard the 3d, Surnamed the Quarrelsom, lost it.
• Aar or Arr, in Latin Arola or Arula, a River of Switzer∣land, which rising out of the Mountain of Leugschen, glides through the Lakes of Brientz and Thun, after which being swell'd with a great number of other Rivers, it falls into the Rhine between Basil and Constance.
• Aar, a River in the Province of Hesse in Germany, which passing by Dudinek-hausen, empties it self into the Eder.
• Aar or Aer, said to be the Abrinca of the Ancients, ano∣ther River of Germany, which runs to Huinen, thence to Alde∣naer, and falls into the Rhine between Bonn and Coblentz.
• Aarburgh, Lat. Arburghum, or Arola Burghum, a small but rich and pleasant City of Switzerland upon the Aar, be∣tween Soleure and Araw, famous for its many Fountains and Rich Merchandizes.
• Aaron, as much as to say a Mountain, was the first High Priest of the Jews, the eldest Son of Amram, of the Tribe of Levi, and Brother to Miriam and Moses. He was appointed by God the Interpreter of his Commands between Moses and Pharaoh King of Egypt. Afterwards he was Consecrated High Priest by God himself: at which Ceremony Fire de∣scended from Heaven, and consumed the Victims. He had four Sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. The two first neglecting the Sacred Fire ordain'd for the Incense of the Temple, and making use of strange Fire in their Cen∣sers, dy'd suddenly in the Tabernacle. Sometime after Co∣rah, Dathan, and Abiram, together with the Principal Heads of the Israelites, rebell'd against Moses and Aaron, pretending to have a share in the Government of the People and the High Priesthood, but the Earth open'd and swallow'd up the Three Ringleaders, with all that belong'd to 'em, and ••••e from Heaven consum'd their 250 unfortunate Abettor ••od for a farther confirmation of Aaron's Priesthood, command••d every Tribe to bring a Rod into the Tabernacle, with the name of the Tribe inscribed upon it; To the end that the Rod that should blossom might determine which of the Tribes God had chosen. Upon which Aaron's Rod flourished both with Leaves and Blossoms. He died on Mount Hor on the first day of the Month Ab, which in part corresponds with our July, in the Hundred and twenty third year of his Age, and in the year of the World 2583. Exod. 3.4. Jos••ph.
• Aaron, call'd by the Arabians, Harun Rasi••d, Caliph of Babylon, was one of the most Potent and Fortunate Mo∣narchs of the Saracens. He began to Reign after his Brother Moses, about the 785th year of the Christian Calculation. He was an affable Prince, and a favourer of Learning, par∣ticularly of Poetry; and no less Magnanimous and Couragi∣ous, insomuch that he made himself Master of the greatest part of Asia even to the Indies. He conquer'd A••gypt, and constrain'd the Greek Emperor to pay him Tribute. He is reported to have been actually present in Eight pitch'd

• Battels, and always Victorious. He had such a particular Esteem of Charlemaign, that in the year 802, he sent him an Embassy, and several Presents; amongst which were more singularly conspicuous his own Elephant, and a Clock, admir'd for the Invention and Workmanship. Charlemaign being willing to make the best of his Friendship, desir'd his permission, that he might offer with freedom such Presents is he should send to the Holy Sepulchre, which Aaron not only granted, but sent him the Keys of the Sacred Places, Protesting withall, that he was the absolute Master of 'em; which is the reason why Baronius asserts, that the French were the first Legal Possessors of the Holy Sepulchre. Aaron likewise had a great share in the Treaty of Peace concluded at Saltz between Charlemaign and Nicephorus the Greek Emperor, who afterwards making his Son Stauracius Companion with him in the Empire, would needs enter into a War with the Saracens, but was utterly overthrown; after which Aaron pouring in upon him 300000 Men, con∣strain'd him to purchase his Peace by paying an Annual Tribute of 30000 Crowns in Gold Stamp'd with his own Effigies, and 3000 Stamp'd with the Pourtraicture of his Son, to signifie that they were both his Tributaries. He died in the Forty seventh year of his Age, and 806th or 807th of Christ. Sigebert. in Chron. Paul. Diac. l. 24.
• Aaron, a Magician, who insinuated himself into the fa∣vour of the Emperor Emanuel Comnenus, by means of cer∣tain ridiculous Promises which he made him, but his Impo∣sture being discover'd, he suffer'd condign Punishment. There was found about him an Idol of Tortoise with the Image of a Man, having his Feet tied, and his Heart pierc'd with a Nail; as also a Book for Invocation of Devils, by which he us'd to bring Legions of 'em about him. Ni∣cetas.
• Aaron or Ahron of Alexandria, a Physician who lived in the Seventh Age, and wrote a Volume of Physick divided into 30 Treatises. Pocock.
• Aaron the Ca••aite, a famous Rabbi, who lived about the year 1300, he is esteem'd among the Rabbi's to be one of the best Interpreters of the Old Testament; some will have him to be the same Person with
• Aaron Hariscon, who wrote the Hebrew Grammar under the Title of Chelil Jophi, or, Excellent in Beauty, which was Printed at Constantinople in the year 1581. P. Simon, Histoire Critique.
• * Aaron, a Welsh Saint of Caerleon in Monmouthshire, was a wealthy Citizen of the said place, who for the Testimony of the Christian Faith, was, with St. Julius his dear Friend, Martyr'd in the Reign of Dioclesian, Anno 303. As to these Saints Names, 'tis observed, that the Christian Britains quit∣ted their Native Names at the Font as Barbarous, to take those of the Learned Languages.
• Aasbai, the Son of Machates, and Father of Elipheleth, was one of David's Worthy's.
• * Aasir, a City of Bahraim in Arabia Felix, 12 German miles N W. of Hems.

• Ab, the name of the 5th Month among the Jews, consist∣ing of 29 days. It was remarkable for a Fast mention'd by Zachariah, to put the Jews in Remembrance of the Mur∣muring of their Fore-fathers, which obstructed their en∣trance into the Land of Promise. In this Month it was that Moses sent his Spies from Cadesh-Barnea into Canaan, Numb. 13.14. Deut. 1.19. Torniel.
• Aba, A Mountain of the Greater Armenia, known by the name of Capodes, now vulgarly call'd Caicol, from whence Euphrates derives its Original. Also a City of Arabia the Happy.
• Aba, the Daughter of Zenophanes Tyrant of Olbus in Ci∣licia. Antony and Cleopatra invested her in the Absolute Do∣minion of the Place, in Acknowledgment of some Services which she had done 'em. After her decease it return'd to some of her remoter Kindred. Strabo.
• Aba or Aban, the Third King of Hungary, who usurp'd that Kingdom An. 1042, after he had deposed Peter the Ger∣man, Successor to Stephen I. but his Reign was short, for he was slain in 1044, and Peter re-ascended the Throne; some years after he was buried, his Body was said to be found en∣tire, and without any Scars of the Wounds he had received. Bonfin.
• Aba, a City of Phocis in Greece, famous of old for the Temple of Apollo, who was from thence called Apollo Abaeus. It was burnt by Xerxes, upon which the Inhabitants formerly call'd Abantes, retir'd to the Island of Negropont, and gave it the name of Abantis. Strabo.
• Ababa or Abaqua, an Alan by Birth, was Married in Thrace to a certain Goth whose Name was Mecca or Micca, by whom she had Maximin, who succeeded Alexander Severus in the Empire, Anno Dom. 235. after he had been for some time a Shepherd in the Village where he was born. Herodian.
• Abarares, a People of the Southern parts of America near the River Madera, that discharges it self into the River of the Amazons. Texeira.
• * Abach, a Borough of Germany in the Dutchy of Bavaria, with a Fort, upon the Danube, two miles west of Ratisbone towards Munick or Munchen. Baud.
• Abacoa, one of the Lucaia Islands in the North part of America, not far distant from Lucaioncqua, between Jabequem and the Rocks of Bimini. Sanson.
• Abadir, the name of the Stone that Saturn Swallow'd in∣stead of his Children; for be being forewarn'd, that he should be expell'd his Kingdom by one of his Sons, sent for his Male Off-spring as soon as his Wife Rhea was deliver'd, that he might devour 'em. But she being once so serv'd, sent him at other times a Stone wrap'd up in Swadling Cloaths, and so deceiv'd him. Lactantius and Hesychius as∣sert, that by this Stone Abadir is meant the Pagan Deity call'd Terminus. Pausanias tells us, that this Stone was pre∣serv'd in the Temple of Delphos.
• Abaddon, a Name which St. John in his Revelation gives to the King of the Locusts, an Infernal Angel, and which he ex∣plains by the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or, The Destroyer, and therefore generally it is one of the Names of Satan or the Devil.
• Abafti or Apaff, (Michael) Prince of Transilvania, was the Son of one of the Magistrates of Hermanstadt, the Capital City of that Province: He was elected Prince of Transilva∣nia; Anno Dom. 1661, and being protected by the Grand Signior, carried it against Chimir Janos his Competitor, sup∣ported by the Emperor. His Name made a great noise both in the preceding and present Wars, wherein he still acted the best he could for his own advantage, succouring under∣hand the Turks and Malecontents of Hungary, but feeding the Emperor with fair Hopes and Negotiations of Agree∣ment, till the Emperor discovering his secret Corresponden∣cies with the Port, sent his Army to seize upon his Principa∣lity, which nevertheless, together with his Children, he re∣commended upon his Death-Bed to the Emperor. He died at Weissemburgh after a long Sickness, towards the beginning of the Spring, Anno Dom. 1690.
• Abaga, a King of the Tartars towards the end of the 13th Age, he invaded the Persians, and subdu'd 'em, and rendred himself formidable to the Christians by his continued Victo∣ries. Nevertheless he sent Ambassadors to the Second Ge∣neral Council of Lyons. Genebrard.
• Abagarus, Agbarus: See Abgarus.
• Abages, People of Scythia on this side Mount Imaus, and bordering on the Saci, they were converted to Christianity under the Reign of Justinian in the 6th Age. Zonaras, Eva∣grius.
• Abaibe: See Abaimbe.
• Abaillard, Lat. Abelardus or Abailardus, (Peter) a Frenchman born at Palais in the Diocess of Nants in Britanny, famous for his Knowledge in Divinity, Philosophy, and the Tongues, having taught with great Applause at Paris and elsewhere in all those Faculties. He suffered in his Reputa∣tion by his Amours with Heloise, Niece to a Canon of Paris named Fulbert, she was extream Handsom and Witty, being also learned in Philosophy, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Musick, which all-together made an entire Conquest of Abelard, who getting Access under pretence of teaching her Divinity, push'd his Amours too far, which Fulbert having notice of, he banish'd Abelard his House; but Heloise being with Child, quickly follow'd him, and he left her at his Sisters, where she was delivered of a Son called Astrolabe. He afterwards returned to Paris, and perswaded Heloise to Marry him. She being unwilling to do it, lest she should prevent his Ecclesia∣stical Preferment, Her Uncle having notice of the Marriage, resented it so much, that he found means to have Abailllard emasculated in the night time, whereof he was so much ashamed that he retired into St. Denis's Abby, and put on the Habit. Heloise retired into a Nunnery at Argenteuil. About that time Abaillard published a Book concerning the Trinity, which was Condemned in the Council of Soissons, Anno 1120. He was accused of Arianism, Nestorianism, and Pelagianism, and to hold that the Holy Ghost was the Soul of the World. St. Bernard being his Contemporary, wrote against him. He was made Abbot of St. Gildas de Ruys, but being dissatisfied with the Irregularities of the Monks, he retired to Champagne, where he built an Oratory in the Dio∣cess of Troy, and called it Paraclet, whither a great number of Scholars resorted to him. About this time the Nuns be∣ing expell'd Argenteuil for their Irregularities, Abaillard of∣fered Paraclet to his Wife Heloise, where she founded a Nun∣nery, which was in a little time enrich'd with Gifts on her account, more in one year, says Abaillard in his Epistles, than it would if he had been to live in it 100. He mixt his Aristotelian Philosophy with Divinity, and was con∣demned in a Council held by the Provinces of Reims and Sens, Anno 1140. whence he appeal'd to the Pope, but in his way to Rome was so taken with Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Cluny, that he put on a Monks Habit there, and died not long after at the Priory of St. Marcel, 21 April 1143. aged 63. His Corps were interred at Paraclet by Heloise.
• Francois d'Amboise, Counsellor of State, caused Abaillara's Works to be Printed in one Volume, Anno 1616. being his own and Heloise's Letters, the Story of his Misfortunes, and a Comment on the Romans. See his Life written by the said d'Amboise.

• Abaimbe, or Abibe, Abaibae. Mountains of Northern America in the Province of Carthagena.
• * Abala, a Sea-Port in Italy near Sicily, whither Caesar fled from Pompey, having only one Servant with him. Appian.
• * Abalus, an Island in the German Sea, in which some be∣lieved that Amber flowed from the Trees, Plin. 37. 2. Ti∣maeus calls it Baltia. If a Man happened to be drowned there, and appeared no more above Water, the ancient Heathen used to Celebrate his Funerals 100 years to expiate the Manes.
• * Abana, a River having its source from Mount Lebanon, washes the South and West side of Damascus, and runs through the Valley Archadob into the Syrian Sea, and some say it is swallowed up by the Sands. It's a most pleasant River, and the Water very clear; it's also called Amanah, 2 K. 5. that is Golden Streams. Davity descrip. Asiae.
• Abanca••, Lat. Abancaius, a River of Peru in South Ame∣rica, which gives name to the Town Abancay which it washes. It rises in the Mountains called Andes, and falls into the River Xauxa or Maragnon in the Province of Lima. Hoffman.
• ... Abannae or Abanni, a People in Africa, Neighbours to the Caprarians, both of whom were subdued by the Empe∣ror Theodosius. Amm. Marcel.
• Abano, in Lat. Aponus, a Village in the Territory of Pa∣dua, where Titus Livius, and the Great Physician Peter d' A∣pono, were born. It hath Fountains and Baths much esteemed for preservation of Health, and the cure of many Diseases. It is mentioned by Claudian. The Ancients say, that Hercules came thither to bath and refresh himself after his Labours. Theodoric King of the Ostrogoths having fix'd his Seat at Ra∣venna, caused sine Buildings to be raised about this Fountain. Joan. Dondis tract. de fontib. cal. Patav.
• Abantes, a People descended from Thracia, who retired to Phocis in Greece, where they built a Town called Aba, after their Chief, whence they are called Abantes, thence they passed into the Isle called then Macris, next Abantis, since Chalcis and Eubaea, now Negropont. The Carets, an ancient People of Cr••ta were first possessed of this Isle, and were so called because they were shaven in the Forehead, leaving only some Locks behind, that their Enemies might not as they had formerly done, pull them on their Faces by the Hair, wherein they were imitated by the Abantes, and thence Homer calls them 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, People with Hair behind. Bochart remarques, that there is an agreement in signification between Abantes and Eubeans; both coming from the Hebrew word Abas, which signifies a Grazier, they being accustomed to feed great Flocks. Herodotus, lib. 1.
• Abantid••s, General or King of the Sicyonians, successor to Clin••as Father of Aratus, who surpriz'd the Cittadel of Corinth; He was murdered by some Strangers quickly after his Advancement. Pausanias in Corinth. Plutarch. in Arato.
• Abanviwat, a Country of Upper Hungary on the Frontiers of Poland, towards the Carpatian Mountains. Cassovia is its Capital City.
• Abanw••, is the name of the Nile in the Aethiopian, and signifies Fatherly. Ludolph. Hist. Aeth.
• Abarbinel or Abra••anel, (Isaac) a Rabbin, Spaniard by Na∣tion, Ferdinand and Isabell having banished him amongst the rest of the Jews from Spain, he retired into Germany, and afterwards into Italy, where An. 1510. he taught Hebrew at Padoua, but not being able to conceal his hatred against the Christian Religion, he went to the East, and lived amongst the Jews, at which time he composed his Works that are in so much esteem amongst the Learned. There are extant of his Commentaries on the Talmud, Books of Kings, and some of the Prophets, &c. Buxtorf.
• Abarca, Sirname of Sanche II. Fifth King of Navarre, so called because of a certain kind of Shooe which he wore; he succeeded his Father Garcias II. An. 925. or according to others An. 891. he obtained many Victories against the Moors; and after he reigned 37 years, was killed in a Battel against the Castilians, and succeeded by his Son Garcias III. surnamed the Trembler. Some call him by the same name with his Father. Mariana, Hist. Hisp.
• Abares: See Avares.
• Abarim, a Mountain very high, and of difficult ascent, in Arabia Petraea, which separates the Countries of Ammon and Moab from Chanaan. Nebo and Pisgah were parts of this Mountain. Betwixt which and Jericho there is a Valley called Baras, famous for a Plant of that name, which seems to be on fire in the night time. See Baaras. Jos. Dav. descrip. Asiae.
• Abarimon, part of Scythia near Mount Imaus, in which are said to live Wild Men, whose Feet are placed back∣wards. They equal the Wildest of Beasts in swiftness; but seeing they cannot live in any other place, they were never brought under subjection, no, not by Alexander the Great. Plin. 7. 2.
• Abaris, a Scythian Philosopher, Son of Seutha; he pre∣tended by vertue of an Arrow, which he received from Apollo, to go as swiftly as the said Arrow when shot from a Bow; by vertue of this he also gave Oracles, and forewarn'd the Countreys through which he passed of Earthquakes, Plagues, &c. Jamblichus says he was Disciple to Pythagoras; and others will have him to have flourished before S••lon. It's said of him, that being sent on an Embassy from the Hyperboreans, or Country under the Arctick, to Athens, he re∣turn'd again without eating; He describ'd Apollo's Journy to the said Hyperboreans, and is said to have form'd the Statue of the Trojan Palladium out of Pelopes Bones. Gregory Nazianzene mentions him in an Epistle to Basil the Great, Vossius, c. 3. de Poet. Graec. Strabo.
• Abarus, an Arabian General who betray'd Crassus into an Ambuscade, which occasion'd his defeat by the Parthians. He is by Florus called Mezeras, by Plutarch, Andromachus, and by Sextus Rufus, Agbarus.
• Abas, the Twelfth King of the Argives, Son of Belus, or according to the common opinion, of Lynceus and Hypermnestra, famous for his Valour and Wit; he was Father to Praetus and Aerisius, and Grandfather to Perscus, from him the Kings of the Argives were called Abantiadae; he reigned 23 years. Euseb. Pausanias.
• Abas, the Centaur, begot by Ixion on a Cloud, was a great Hunter, as the Poets feign. Ovid Metam.
• Abas, Son of Hippothoon and Melanira, changed into a Lizard by Ceres, because he Mock'd her Worship, and up∣braided his Mother for entertaining her: She is said to have Metamorphis'd him by throwing certain mixt Water upon him. Ovid says it was for mocking her because she had drunk too much, Ovid. Metam. Caelius Rhod••ginus. It is called Stellio in Latin, hence the word Stellionatus, by which Lawyers signifie all manner of Fraud and Cozenage. Di∣gest. li. 47.
• Abas, a King of Persia: See Scha Abas.
• Abascantos, one of the Names of Aeen, or the God of the Heresiarch Valentin, as we understand by Tertullian. Cont. Gnost.
• Abaster, the Name of one of the three Horses which draw Pluto's Chariot, signifying black, the second Meth••us signifies obscur••, the third Nonius signifies warm, Bocace. Cartar. Some speak of four Horses, viz. Orphneus, Alaster, Aethon, and Nycteus, by whose Names they would signifie, the Anxiety, Blindness, Wicked Practises, and Eternal Destruction, into which Covetousness involves Men. Claudian.
• Abaron, an Edifice built at Rhodes, which no Man was permitted to enter, whence it had its Name, which signifies inaccessible. The Occasion of building it was this; After the death of Mausolus King of Caria in Asia Minor, Artemis••a his Wife took the Government upon her; the Rhodians being angry that a Woman should Reign over all Caria, armed a Fleet to make themselves Masters of that Kingdom; Artemi∣sia having notice of their design, ordered a Fleet to be pre∣pared privately in the small Haven of Halicarnasse which is co∣vered from the View by a Mountain, and ordered the rest of the Soldiers to stay on the Ramparts. The Rhodians ha∣ving landed their Fleet near the great Haven, the Queen caused to give a Signal from the Walls, as if she would sur∣render the Town, whereupon the Rhodians quit their Ves∣sels to enter. Artemisia opening the little Port, her Fleet issued, seized the Rhodian Vessels which were empty of Sol∣diers, and carried them off to Sea. In the mean time the Rhodians having no way left to escape, were every one kill'd. This Stratagem having succeeded so well, the Queen put her Soldiers and Seamen aboard the Rhodian Fleet, and Steered straight for Rhodes; the Inhabitants whereof seeing their Fleet return with Garlands of Laurell, concluded that their Men had obtained the Victory, but instead of them received their Enemies, so that Artemisia having possessed her self of Rhodes, raised a Trophy in the City with two Statues of Brass, one representing the said Queen, and the other the City of Rhodes in Habit of a Slave: The Rhodians durst not abolish those Statues because their Religion made them look upon Trophies as things Sacred; however to cover it from View, they raised the abovementioned Building over it. Vi∣truv. l. 2. c. 8.
• Abaros, i. e. Inaccessible, an Island in the Fens of M••m∣phis in Egypt, famous for the Tomb of Osiris, Linnen Cloth, and Palm-Tree Leaves, on which the Ancients used to write instead of Paper. 'Tis mentioned by Lucan Book X.
• Abbefort, a City of Norway, in the Prefecture of Agger∣huse, about 20 Leagues from Anstoia, and 25 or 30 from Sta∣fanger. 'Tis a good Haven.
• Abbeville, a City of France in Picardy, the Chief of the County of Ponthieu on the Somme; 'tis well fortified, neatly built, and of good Trade for Cloth, Wooll, and Corn, has 12 Parish Churches, several Religious Houses, and a Presi∣dial Court within it self. It's call'd The Virgin City, because never taken, nor its Priviledges violated by any. Built by St. Riquier the Abbot, and therefore called Abbeville, or Abbot City. It lies 34 Leagues North of Paris. Sanson.
• Abbot, the Name of a Prelat, who is Head of a Mona∣stery of Canons Regular. Some are Styl'd Cardinal Abbots, as the Abbot of Cluny: Some Bishop Abbots, so named, be∣cause their Abbies had been erected into Bishopricks, but

• upon condition, that such as were chosen Abbots should be withall Bishops of the Diocess: And others Mitred Abbots, independent on any but the Pope. Those wear a Mitre with a Gold Fringe, when they officiate on Solemn Days. In Charles the Bald's time Persons of the greatest Quality in France, were Abbots, having a Dean to officiate for them; esteeming the Title of Abbot as honourable as Duke or Count. But this was opposed by the Clergy in some Coun∣cils. The Genoese anciently call'd their Duke by this name. It signifies Father, and of old was given to all Ministers. Blondeau.
• * Abbot, (Geo.) born at Guilford in Surry, and bred at Ox∣ford, where he became Master of University-Colledge, was Created Archbishop of Canterbury by King James I. and continued so part of King Charles I. Reign; that he was a great Preacher appears from his Lectures on Jonah; and it is agreed by all that he was a very Grave, Learned, and Pious Man: He was hated by some for his Moderation towards the Nonconformists, and on that account both he and his Brother the Bishop of Sarum were reckoned Favourers of the Puritans: He was suspended for some time by King Charles I. for refusing to License a Sermon of Dr. Sibthorp's; and much humbled for casually shooting the Keeper of Bramzel-Park, as shooting at a Deer. He died Anno 1633, having erected a large Hospital at Guilford with a Liberal Maintenance.
• * Abbot, (Robert) Bishop of Salisbury in the Reign of King James I. born at Guilford in Surry, and bred in Baliol Colledge in Oxford, whereof he became Principal, and Professor Regius of Divinity in the University, he was Learn'd and acute, and every way a well accomplish'd Divine. He confuted Bishop the Roman Champion, so that he never gave him an answer. He was made Bishop of Salisbury Dec. 3. 1615. and died less then two years after. His Brother George was at the same time Archbishop of Canterbury, and a more plausi∣ble Preacher, but not so great a Scholar.
• * Abbot, The Abbot of Battle, a Man known by no other Name, who left a good Memory behind him. He liv'd in the Fourteenth Age, in the days of Edward III. and Ri∣chard II. in whose time the French landed in Sussex without opposition, wasted and plundered the Country, and carried away Captive the Prior of Lewes, which animated our Abbot, though no Sheriff, to raise the Posse Comitatus, with whom he march'd to Winchelsey, and fortified it: There he was soon after beset by the French, who ply'd him with their great Guns, being the first that were ever planted by a Forreign Enemy in this Island, but the Country oblig'd e'm to retire speedily.
• * Abbotshurp, a Market Town of Ugscomb Hundred in the South-west parts of Dorsetshire, it lies near the Channel.
• Abcassi, a People of Georgia, Northwest of Mengrelia; well Proportion'd, fair Complexion'd, Witty and Valorous. They feed upon Milk-Meats, and what they take in Hunt∣ing. They live in great Companies on the tops of Hills, in little Huts, environed with Hedges and deep Ditches to pre∣vent surprise, having neither Cities nor Castles. They put their Dead into the Trunks of hollow Trees, fastening them to the uppermost Boughs to keep 'em upright, where they also hang the Deceased's Weapons and Habit. And that he may have his Horse with him in the other World, they ride him full speed till he die near the Tree. Those People though they have abundance of Fish in their Country, eat none. They steal and sell one another for Slaves to the Turks, who value them for their Beauty and Industry. Lamberti. Thevenot's Relation of Mengrelia. There is a Wall of 60 miles long to prevent their Incursions into Mengrelia. Hoff∣man.
• * Abdageses, a Noble Parthian in the time of Tiberius. As∣sisted by the Romans, he made Tiridates King, and afterwards Ruled all at his own pleasure. Tacit. l. 6.
• Abdal or Abdales, a sort of Religious People in Persia. See Calenders.
• Abdala, King of Fez and Morocco. He lived in the last Age, and was Son of Mahomet Cheriff, a Prince of great Courage and Conduct; but this Son, addicted to Ease and Pleasure, lost several Battles, his Father yet living; he put to death his nearest Relations, and Ali Budcar, the most powerful Nobleman in the Kingdom; he ascended the Throne, then Reign'd quietly, and divided his Dominions amongst his 3 Sons. He fought the Spanish Army in their return from Pignion de Velez in 1564. Two years before his death, he undertook an unsuccessful War against Mazagan, being provoked to it in the midst of one of his Debauches, by the persuasions of a Runnagate of Corsica. He died in 1574. Diego de Torres. Hist. of the Cherifs. Thuan.
• Abdala, a King of Persia, and 27th Caliph of Babylon, was disinherited by his Father; but after the death of his Bro∣thers, succeeded to the Throne, and render'd himself formi∣dable by Arms. He vanquished the Greeks in several En∣counters, made himself Master of a part of Candy, and struck a Terror into the Kingdoms of Naples and Calabria. He died in the year 833, after he had Reigned eight years, and added several spacious Kingdoms to his Dominions. Mirkond Chron.
• Abdala, the Son of Aben Maugi, King of the African Saracens. Being dethron'd by the Arms and Artifices of his Brother, he sought Aid of Charlemaign; by whose Assistance he vanquish'd the Usurper, and regained his Right. Dupleix Hist. Franc.
• Abdala, King of Toledo, a Mahometan. He Married Te∣resia Daughter of Wermund Prince of Leon, a Christian, who sav'd his Country by that Alliance, though much against her will, so that after his death she retired into a Monastery. Volater.
• Abdala, Son of Lopez, King of Toledo. Being forced to follow his Father, whom one Mahomet had driven out of his Dominions, he managed his Affairs so well, that he retook Saragossa, where he Reigned, and his Posterity after him, maugre all the Attempts of Mahomet and Alphonsus III. King of Oviedo. He fought also against the Christians, and was noted for his Courage. Mariana.
• Abdala, King of Tremesen, who finding his younger Bro∣ther preferr'd before him, threw himself upon Charles V. with a profer to become his Vassal, upon the same Condi∣tions that his Grand Uncle Buhama had concluded. Here∣upon the Emperor order'd Count Alcandeta, Governor of Oran, to furnish him 600 Men to conduct him to Tremesen, who were all kill'd except 25. Afterwards the Count set for∣ward with Nine thousand Men, and having gain'd the Vi∣ctory, sack'd Tremesen, and then pursued the Enemy to the Mountains. Abdala upon his return thinking to enter the City, found the Gates shut against him, the Inhabitants be∣ing enraged because he suffer'd the Spaniards to plunder them, whereupon his Soldiers forsaking him, he fled with 60 Horse to solicit the Arabians for help, who treacherously slew him in the year 1546. Marmol. lib. 5. Ch. 11.
• Abdala I. Caliph of Arabia, being deprived of his Kingdom by his Subjects, he slew Marvan the Usurper in Battle, but pursuing his Son Abdulmaric, was defeated him∣self, and forced to fly to Damascus; And finding no Admit∣tance either there or at Cairo, he Embarqu'd with one Ser∣vant for Greece; In which Voyage, being cast by stress of weather upon a certain Island, he was known and kill'd, after he had Reigned only one year, Anno 686. Marmol..
• Abdala II. Caliph of Arabia. Being informed at Mecca, that another Abdala was chosen Caliph of Syria; and that Amir another of his Rivals, was Master of all Persia; to rid himself of two such dangerous Competitors, he en∣gaged the first to come to a Conference, received him with much seeming kindness, but lodged him in a House which he had undermin'd, so that it fell and kill'd him in the night. The other he own'd for Caliph, and Resign'd the Regalia to him, but at next Meeting as they went aside to Discourse, he Stabb'd him, and afterwards routing the Persians, seiz'd their Country. After this he turn'd his Rage against the Christians, prohibiting their Ministers to Preach. He sent his Army against Leo IV. Emperor of Constantinople, which harassed all Romania and Capadocia. Coming to Jerusalem, he commanded that all Jews and Christians should be mark'd in the Hand, that they might be known, and that all that were not so mark'd should be laid in Irons. He died 781. Mar∣mol. lib. 2. Ch. 19.
• Abdala, Surnam'd Muley, Cheriff of Morocco, a Martial Prince. He took Cape d' Aguer in Africa from the Portugueses, in the Sixteenth Century, during the time he was Partner with his Father in the Kingdom. Afterwards he Reigned alone, and left a Son, which he had by a Negro, who suc∣ceeded him. Paul, Jov. Marmol.
• Abdala, a Mahometan Prince, famous for his Enterprizes during the Wars of the Cheriffs in Africa. He made a League with Philip III. King of Spain in 1607, and was murder'd two years after, by Hamet Ben Abdala, a Religious Mahometan, set on by Mulei Zeidan, his Uncle and Enemy.
• Abdala, the Father of Mahomet the Grand Impostor, was a miserable Slave, and got his living by driving Merchants Camels; was a Heathen, and Married one Emira a Jewess. Paulus Diaconus.
• Abdala, Baronius, a Mahometan Preacher, of the Sect of the Mohaidins. In 1543, he Rebelled against Cheriff Mahomet, having got together a great number of Barbarians upon Ne∣fusa, which is a part of Mount Atlas; but he was soon taken by the Cheriff, and beheaded; he was look'd upon as a Ma∣gician; and when pursued to the Rock whither abundance of dissected Animals were found in the way, with their Feet put in their Eyes, &c. for Inchantments, which the Mahometans were afraid of, the Christians mock'd at, and burnt them, so that when he was taken, he deny'd that he was overcome by the Moors, but only by the Christians, against whom his Witchcraft was unprofitable. He was promised to be safely sent over into the Kingdom of Fez, notwithstanding which the Cheriff caus'd him to be beheaded, with his Family and Attendants. Marmol. l. 3.
• Abdala, Surnamed Mohavedin, a Native of Tenmellet in Bar∣bary, Schoolmaster in the Mountain of Atlas, and Author of the Sect of the Mohavedins. He was highly esteemed for his Preaching by his own Countrymen, as well as the Afri∣cans of the Tribe of Muramuda. By means whereof having

• got together a great number of People, he became so inso∣lent as to attack Abraham a Moorish Emperor, who neglecting to stifle the Rebellion in the Birth, lost both his Crown and Life, by Abdal Mumen, Captain of the Impostor's Forces. Marmol. Thuan.
• Abdala or Abdelasis, a Warlike Moor. He signaliz'd him∣self in fighting for the Turks in 1550. but being ill treated by the Turkish Commanders, made cruel War upon 'em, and at last was slain fighting. Marmol.
• Abdala-Aben-Abo, was elected King of Granada by the Moors of Spain, in 1570. in the place of Aben Humeia slain by his own Subjects. He took the City of Orgiva in a small time, and forced the Duke of Seca to retire with great loss. He won Seros and Tijola, two very strong Towns, from the Spaniards. Afterwards he lost Guejar, his Chief Magazine for Arms; was proud, unsuccessful, and died miserable. Mariana, Thuan.
• Abdalmuralib, an Arabian, Mahomet's Grandfather, the handsomest Man of his time, and much belov'd by Women. Peter of Clugny.
• * Abdalominus, Vid. Abdolominus.
• Abdar, the name of an Officer of the King of Persia, that gives him his Water to drink. He keeps it in a seal'd Pitcher, for fear of Poison. Olearius Voyage of Persia.
• Abdas, a Persian Bishop, a Virtuous and Zealous Man. He destroy'd their Deify'd Fire, or Vesta, which so enraged the King, that he caused him to be put to death, and ruined all the Christian Churches. Theodoret.
• * Abdecallas, a Martyr, beheaded by Sapor King of Persia for professing the Christian Religion, as was also Simon Bi∣shop of Seleucia at the same time. Hist. Trip. lib. 3. Cap. 6.
• Abdelatise, Grand Cham of the Tartars, the last of the Family of Chinguis, who boasted of their descent from Ta∣merlan, he died Anno 1542. Texeira, lib. 2.
• * Abdes-Caader, the Sixth King of Morocco, of the Race of the Almohades, succeeded his Nephew Cered Barrax in 1213, but was obliged to share the Empire with others of his Kin, who were all overthrown in Battle by Abdulac Governor of Fez, and he himself kill'd by one of Budobuz's Captains. Marmol.
• Abdelmone, the Son of a Potter, who made himself Ma∣ster of a great part of Africk, according to the Prediction of a certain Astronomer. He first associated himself with one of the Religious Almohadins, and undertaking to make a new Explanation of the Alcoran, contrary to that of the Arabian Mufti whom they believe to be descended from Mahomet, he gain'd so much upon the People, that by their Assistance he invaded the Kingdom of the Almoravides, and kill'd Abbady the Lawful Successor. He afterwards Sail'd into Spain, where, having drawn the Moors to his Party, he exercised unheard of Cruelties against the Christians. He made Mo∣rocco the Seat of his Empire about the year 1147. Roderic of Toledo. Fulgosius.
• Abdelquivir, Eldest Son of Hascen Cherif, who was a Nu∣midian Philosopher, Magician, and of good esteem among the People, pretending to be descended from the ancient Ma∣humetan Princes, and to a great height of Sanctity, he bred his Sons in his own Principles at Meccha, who by Enthusia∣stical Pretences drew multitudes of People after them, the Rabble thinking it a happiness to kiss their Garments. They obtain'd the Government of Morocco, Susa, Tremesen, &c. un∣der pretext of defending them against the Christians, where∣in they were successful enough at first, but at last Yahai Ben Tafuf, a Tributary to the King of Portugal, imploying the Portuguese against them, put them to flight. They rallied again under Abdelquivir, but he was killed in the Battle. Diego de Thorres. Marmol. Thuanus.
• Abdemeleck, or Mulei Molur, despoil'd of his Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco, by Mahomet his Nephew, apply'd himself for Succour to Selim Emperor of the Turks, while the other crav'd Aid of Schastian King of Portugal, who levying an Army, landed at Tangier, July 9. 1578. The Battle was fought Monday the 4th of August following, in which both died; Mahomet in a Morass, Abdemeleck in a Litter, and the King of Portugal was either kill'd, as the Spaniards say, or taken and made Slave.
• Abdemeneph, or Abdemonaphes, an Ishmaelite Merchant, remarkable for his vast Wealth. He purchas'd Mahomet for his Slave before he vented his Impostures, who afterwards Married his Widow, and made use of her Riches to bring about his Designs. Theophanes.
• Abdemon, a young Tyrian, who had the gift of interpret∣ing Solomon's hard Questions. Menander cited by Josephus, speaks of him in these words: There was at that time a young Man who interpreted all the Riddles that Solomon King of Jerusa∣lem propounded. Dius, cited by the same Author, says, that Hiram King of Tyre having paid Solomon great Sums, because he could not Answer his Aenigma's, recovered it of him, be∣cause he could not answer Questions propounded by Abde∣mon.
• Abdera, now Asperosa, a City of Thrace upon the Shore of the Aegean Sea, between the mouths of Nessus and Hebrus, 15 miles to the East of the Bistonian Lake; a Colony of the Teijans, built by Abdera the Sister of Diomed; or 'twas so named from Abderus the Companion of Hercules, torn in pieces by Diomed's Horses, and buried there. The Clazomenians raised it to such lustre and glory, that it was Proverbially call'd, Abdera the Beautiful. Near this place is the Lake of Biston, on which nothing will swim. Tully taxes these People with stupidity of Mind, and the very Horses which fed in their Meadows grew mad, hence the Proverb Abderitica Mens, to denote a Madman; some Authors Remark, that the Frenzy which usually seized these People was after Fevers, and that the nature of it was to make them go about Streets Repeating Verses, and Acting Stage-Plays. Rhodiginus, Aria∣nus. Their Country was so much infested by Rats and Mice, that they abandoned it, and went into Macedonia.
• Abderama, the first King of the Arabians in Spain, who made Cordoua his Seat. He ravag'd Castile, with an Army of 200000 Foot and 30000 Horse; and after he had Con∣quer'd the Kingdoms of Arragon, Navarr, and Portugal, left nothing to the Spaniards but the Northern parts of Spain, which are fortified by Nature: Insomuch that he was esteemed the Second Destroyer of Spain. And several of their Kings were obliged to purchase an ignominious Peace of him, with the Annual Tribute of 100 Virgins. He began to build a Mosque at Cordoua, but died before it was finished, in 790, after he had Reigned 52 years, 3 months, and 4 days. Ma∣riana.
• Abderama II. King of Cordoua, made a League at first with Ramirus King of Castile; but being solicited by the Moors, who passed over into Spain with prodigious numbers of new Succors, he brake the League, and re-demanded the Tribute of 100 Virgins. Upon which Ramirus, trusting to the Just∣ness of his Cause, took the Field, and overthrew Abderama. After this he molested the Christians no more, applying him∣self solely to the building of Aquaeduots, erecting Mosques, and storing his Country with Silk Weavers, which he sent for on purpose from Damascus, to encourage that Manufacture. He was the first that set his Name upon the Arabick Coin. He died in 846 or 859, leaving 42 Children behind him. In his time the English besieged Lisbone in favour of the Christians, but without effect. Marmol. lib. 2. Ch. 23.
• Abderama III. Surnam'd the Promoter of the Law, was pre∣ferr'd before his Elder Brother to the Kingdom of Cordoua. Losing much in Spain by the Courage of Don Garcias, he sent for new Supplies out of Africa in 916, and continued the Wars several years against the Christians, who took from him Pampeluna, and divers other considerable Places: And, attributing his Losses to his suffering the Christians and Moors to intermarry, he made a Law, that all Christians who were Married to Moors, should turn Mahometans, both they and their Children, which was the reason that many suffered Martyrdom. As Victor, Pelagius, Liliosa, &c. He died in 958 or 961, after he had Reigned about 50 years. Mar∣mol.
• Abderama IV. Son of Almansor, the last of that Race who Reigned at Corduba. He succeeded Abdumalic his elder Brother in the Kingdom. He was so Debauch'd, and so averse to Warlike Affairs, that the Arabians revolted from him, and divided themselves into two Factions: Those of Africa on the one side, commanded by Solyman; and those of Spain by Mahomet, who poison'd Abderama, and set up for himself in 1062. Mariana.
• Abderama, a Mahometan Prince, Son of King Alimatan, who surpriz'd the City of Toledo, and cut the Throats of above 6000 of the Citizens in the year 809. Marmol.
• Abderama, Usurp'd the Soveraignty of Sofia in the King∣dom of Morocco, having murder'd his Nephew the Governor. He Reigned a long time in Peace, but was at length mur∣der'd himself: For, having a fair Daughter, belov'd by one Ali Benguecimin, one of the principal young Men in the City, who, by the assistance of her Mother and a Slave, enjoyed her; Abderama understanding it, resolv'd to be reveng'd, which the Mother and Daughter mistrusting, gave the young Man notice thereof, so that he prevented it by Stabbing Ab∣derama at his Prayers in a Mosque. Marmol.
• Abderama, Vice-Roy of Spain for the Moors, one of the greatest Captains of his time. Amir-el-Memunim or Miramo∣molin, Emperor of the African Saracens, was so Confident of his Conduct, that he hop'd by his Assistance to Conquer France and Italy: For none of the Christians could ever make head against him, but Charles Martell General of France. He began with Languedoc and Provence, pretending, that having been once possessed by the Visigoths, they belong'd to them. He divided his Army, consisting of 400000 Men, and sent part of them into Aquitaine, where they were routed by Duke Eudo, and forced to return to Abderama, then besieging Arles with one part, while the rest were ravaging Provence and Dauphiné. To be reveng'd for the disgrace sustain'd in Aquitaine, he bent his whole Force that way, making him∣self Master of Languedoc, Quercy, Auvergne, and all the Neigh∣bouring Provinces. After which Charles Martell gave him Battle, in a Plain between the Rivers Cher and Loir, where Abderama lost his Life with 375000, or, as the Moderns say, only 75000 of his Men, Charles losing only 1500, which were slain in the beginning of the Fight; This was Anno 732. Duke Eudo, though he had call'd in the Saracens

• to invade France, yet upon the Remonstrance of Charles Mar∣te••l, that he ought to profer the Welfare of his Country and Religion, to his private Resentments against him, being mov'd with the Argument, made a secret League with him, and while the Victory was doubtful, fell upon the Saracens Camp, which cast the Ballance. Sigebert. Anastasius. Baro∣nius.
• * Abderama, King of the Saracens. He wasted all the Territories of Barcelona and Catalonia in 827. Blondus.
• Abdest, a sort of Purification among the Turks: which is done by pouring Water upon their Heads, and afterwards washing their Feet three times successively, before they begin their Ceremonies. Ricaut.
• Abdias, pretended Bishop of Babylon, said to have been Christs Disciple, and Author of the Life of the Apostles, which is look'd upon as a Counterfeit. Baron. Bellar. Vossius.
• * Abdischair, a Captain of the Tartars, who coming to aid the Turks against Mahomet Hodabenda King of Persia, was taken by Emir-Hamet, Hodab••nda's Son, and sent Prisoner to the Persian Court at Casmin, where he was kindly treated as a Prisoner at large; but being a very Lovely Person, Hoda∣benda's Queen, Beguma, became so enamour'd of him, as it was easily discern'd by the Nobles, and the King himself was not ignorant of it; wherefore he resolv'd to send him into his own Country, and give him his Daughter in Marriage; hoping hereby to contract a lasting Friendship with the Pre∣copensian Tartar. But the Persian Nobility refusing to consent to the Match, and the King persisting in his Design, they slew Abdilchair in the Royal Palace.
• * Abdiranus, a King of the Saracens. He valiantly with∣stood Charles the Great, and passing the Garumua, plunder'd and sack'd Burdeaux, making it a sink of all manner of De∣bauchery. Sabell.
• Abdiff, Patriarch of the City of Mosul in the Eastern parts of As••yria, of the Family of Marc, and of the City Gesire upon the Tigre. He was raised to the Dignity of a Patriarch, March 7. 1562. He was at the Council of Trent, where he presented his Confession of Faith in the XXII Session. He was well Skill'd in the Hebrew, Arabick, and Syriack, and an∣swered pertinently to all Questions that were put to him, af∣firming, that the Doctrine he profess'd had been taught his Ancestors by St. Thomas, St. Thaddeus, and their Disciple St. Mark. His Jurisdiction was extended as far as the Indies, and he was supposed to be the Chief of the Eastern Patriarchs. Sponde, Thuanus.
• Abdolominus, or Abdalominus, descended from the Sido∣n••an Kings, but reduc'd to that extream poverty, that he was forced to work to a Gardener in the Suburbs of Sidon, by the day. Alexander having taken Sidon, and expelled Strato, who fided with Darius, made Abdolominus King; but being blamed for his Choice, he sent for the new King, and admir∣i••g his goodly presence, ask'd him, how he could so patiently endure so much misery. To which he answered, I wish to God I may be as able to b••ar this Burthen of my Greatness. These Hands supplied all my wants: I neither had any thing, nor did I want any. Which Answer possess'd Alexander with such an opinion of his Vertue, that he gave him Strato's costly Move∣ables, most of the Booty he had taken from the Persians, and added one of the adjoining Territories to his Dominions. Q••intus Curtius, lib. 4.
• Abdon, the Son of Hill••l, a Native of Pirathon in the Tribe of Ephraim. He was the Twelfth-Judge of Israel, and go∣vern'd eight years. He had 40 Sons and 30 Nephews. He was buried in Pirathon a Mountain of the Amalekites. Judg. 12.13, 14, 15.
• Abdon, the Son of Micah, one of those Josiah sent to Hul∣dah the Prophetess. Also the name of a City in the Tribe of Asher, appointed for the Levites. 2 Chron. 34.20. Jos. 21.30.
• A••••••••••, and Sennen, two Persian Princes that embraced the Christian Faith, and were imprison'd by the Emperor D••••iu•• for burying the Bodies of certain Martyrs. He after∣ward carried them to Rome in Triumph in the year 254, where he put them to death, for refusing to Sacrifice to his Pagan Idols. Having beforehand exposed them in the Am∣phitheatre to Bears and Lions, who would not touch them, which he attributed to Magick. Their Bodies were three days unburied. Vincent. l. 11. c. 4. Popish Authors say, that their Corps were found in the time of Constantine the Great, in the beginning of the Fourth Century. Usuard's Martyrology.
• Abdula, a Cham of the Tartars. He liv'd about the end of the last Century, and ravaging the Frontiers of Persia, took Heri, and 32 Cities more, in the Province of Chorasan; but fled upon the approach of Cha-Abas Sophi of Persia. Af∣ter that he return'd with 200000 Tartars, and took Turbeth, being never drawn to a pitch'd Battle, though provok'd there∣to by the Persians. Answering that he would never change the Custom of his Ancestors. Relation of Dom. Juan, de Persia.
• Abdulach, a King of Fez, of the Family of the Merini's. He liv'd in the Thirteenth Age, and after he had taken some Cities in Tremesen, made himself absolute Master of the King∣dom of Fez, and about the year 1210, very much enlarged his Empire. There was another Abdulach, the last of this Family, so great a Coward, that he durst not stir to oppose the Christians when they took Ceuta. For which, his Sub∣jects conspir'd against him, so that his Visier, whom he had highly favour'd, kill'd him together with six of his Sons, whose death was afterward Reveng'd in Battle by the Cheriff, said Anno 1481. Marmol.
• Abdulasis, Governor for the Arabians in Spain, fix'd his Residence at Sevill, whither having drawn several of his Friends out of Africk, as soon as he heard of his Father Mussa's death, he set up for himself. He Married the Widow of King Rod••rigo, a fair African, and Nobly Descended. She advis'd him to take the name of King, and put a Golden Crown on his Head; which two Noble Moors perceiving, and abhorring an Act so contrary to the Mahometan Law, first murder'd him in a Mosque, and after that his Wife. Mar∣mol.
• Abdulmalich; Having made himself Master of what the Arabians held in Spain, he pass'd into Africk to continue the Siege of Tangier, which he took, with several other Towns, and put the Inhabitants to the Sword; But, understanding that Abeci was made King of Cordoua, he hasted back into Spain, and slew him. He brought with him great numbers of Arabs, who settled themselves in Spain, and built several Towns: Lastly besieging Cartag••na, which still held out for the Christians, he took it, but died in his return home to Cordoua. Marmol.
• Abdulmalich, Caliph of the Arabians in Spain. He at first Warr'd successfully against Habul-Agek his Competitor at Cordoua, but Habul being numerously reinforced out of Africk, pursued him so close, that he took him, and caused him to be beheaded. Marmol.
• Abdulmalich, Son of the King of Fez. He went into Spain to aid the King of Granada, against the Christian Princes of Castile and Leon. Having perform'd great Exploits in that Kingdom, he was recall'd to assist his Father in the War of Tremesen, which Kingdom he won, together with that of Tunis, and became one of the greatest Princes that ever Reigned in Africk. But being return'd into Spain, he was surpriz'd by his Enemies Troops, and not having time to mount his Horse, he hid himself in a Brake, where being found, and feigning himself dead, a Christian run him twice through the Body with his Lance; notwithstanding when he saw the Coast clear, he got with much pain, to the side of a Rivulet, where he expired, in the year 1339. Marmol.
• Abdulmalich, Brother to Mulci Hassen. He made himself Master of the Kingdom of Tunis, by the Expulsion of his Nephew, whose Eyes he burn'd out with a red hot Bason, to punish him for the like barbarity which he had committed on his own Father. He Reigned about 36 days. Marmol.
• Abdulmalich, Son to Marvan, seventh Successor to Maho∣met. He began to Reign in 687, after he had defeated Abda∣la, who was slain in his flight towards Greece. First he extir∣pated all the Remains of the Family of Moavia, the Father of Jezid, and Abdala; caus'd Jezid's Body to be dug up again and burnt, and then threw his Ashes into a River: He over∣threw Abdala, Chiftain of the Saracens that liv'd in Tents, who had usurp'd the Title of Caliph of M••sopotamia, and had conquer'd Persia, forcing him to retire to Mecca, where he was put to death. By this Stroke Abdumalich became sole Master of Arabia, Persia, Mesopotamia, and A••menia. In the year 699 he won Carthage, Constantina, and the greatest part of Mauritania, Anno 700. He re-conquer'd Armenia, (which the Emperor of Constantinople had subdued by the Revolt of the Nobility) and burnt the Ringleaders of the Rebellion all together in a Tower where he had shut them up. He died in 708, after a Reign of 21 years, and left his Son Gualid to succeed him.
• Abdulmumen, made Pontiff and Emperor of Africk after the death of Abdala, Founder of the Sect of the Mohavedins, whose General he was, about 1148. He besieged Morocco, took it, and finding there Isaac, Son to the unfortunate Ibra∣him, strangled him with his own hand. He burnt the Palaces, Mosques, and most part of the City, that according to his Oath he might sift it. But afterwards rebuilt it more stately. He totally extirpated the Race of the Almoravides, and made himself Master of a great part of Africk, as far as Tripoly. He rais'd a great Army to carry over with him into Spain, but died in the interim, in 1156. Marmol.
• Abduluares, the name of the Kings of Tremesen, of the Family of the Magazoas and Zinhagians, who drove the Ab∣derama's quite out of Africk, about the year 986. This Family Reigned above 300 years. Marmol.
• * Abdus, a Parthian Eunuch. He was in the Conspiracy against Artabanus, to set up Phrahates; which Artabanus per∣ceiving, invited him to a Banquet, and poison'd him. Taci∣tus.
• Abea, or Abae, a City of Phocis, built by Abas the Son of Lynceus; spar'd by Philip of Macedon, after he had demolish'd all the rest in that Province, because the Inhabitants were not concern'd in plundering the Temple of Apollo, under Philomelus Pausanias. 'Tis also the name of a City of Pelo∣ponnesus, now call'd Chiores or Catamata, and seated upon the Gulph of Coron. Justin. Plin.

• Abednego, one of the Three Children in Daniel, who re∣fusing to Worship Nebuchadnezzar's Golden Image, were thrown into the Fiery Furnace, and deliver'd by an Angel. The Church of Langres in Champaigne in France pretends to have the Reliques of this Abednego, and his Two fellow Con∣fessors, to which they ascribe the Power of Chasing away Evil Spirits. Torniel. Salian.
• Abel, Second Son of Adam and Eve, murder'd by his Bro∣ther Cain, Anno Mundi 130.
• Abel, King of Denmark, Son of Valdemar II. and Brother to Eric VI. who succeeded his Father. But Abel believing he ought to have a share, got a Party amongst the Nobility, kill'd Eric, and plac'd himself upon the Throne in 1250. And two years after was slain himself in the Friesland War, by the Country People. It's said that the place where he was buried was haunted at night with Ghosts. Crant.
• Abela, Abel Bethmaacha, Abelmaucha, Bethmacha, Hie∣rom. a strong City in the East part of the Tribe of Nap∣thali, between Caesarea Philippi to the North, and the Lake Mecon to the South. This City was besieged by Joab for Sheba a Rebel to King David, and deliver'd by a Wise Wo∣man that dwelt in it. Benhadad King of Syria afterwards took it, and after him Tiglath Phalasser King of Assyria. 2 Sam. 20. 1 K. 15. 2 K. 15. Josep. Antiq. 7. 11.
• Abelians, or Abeloites, a sort of African Hereticks, that liv'd in the Diocess of Hippo, who Married, but never meddled with their Wives; adopting Sons and Daughters to inherit their Estates, deeming Children by their Wives Illegitimate. They founded their Heresy upon the words of St. Paul, 1 Cor. 7.27. It remains that they that have Wives, be as though they had none. They were called Abelites because of a Jewish Fable, that Adam abstained from the Marriage-Bed 130 years after Abels death. Bochart.
• * Abellinum, now Avellino, a City and Principality of the Kingdom of Naples, a mile from the River Sabathus; in the middle between Beneventum N. and Salernum S. 30 miles from Naples. A Bishoprick united to Fisenti, under the Archbishop of Beneventum.
• * Abelmehola, where Elisha the Prophet was born.
• * Abel-Shirrim, a City upon the Plains of Moab, not far from Jordan, where the Children of Israel Encampt, and be∣gan to commit Whoredom with the Daughters of the Land. Numb. 25.1.
• * Abelterium, a City of Portugal, between Lisbon and Me∣rida.
• Aben-Boen, the name of the Bounds that parted the Tribe of Reuben from Judah. It was a great Stone in the form of an Oven, and lay East of the Highway that leads to Adonis, a River of Phaenicia. Masius.
• Abenchamot, a Captain of Barbary, and Lord of the Aduars. He was defeated by the Portuguezes, and lost one of his Wives, named Yota; but being ashamed with her upbraiding him for letting her be taken Captive, he rallied again, routed the Portugueze, and set her at Liberty. Diego de Torsez hist. of the Cheriffs.
• Aben-el-bach, an Arabian of Damascus, made King of Cor∣doua by his Companions, who hang'd Alcataran the Lawful Prince; and having defeated the Sons of his Predecessors that came from Narbonne, to revenge their Fathers death, he died of Fatigue, as some say, or of Poison, according to others, after having Reigned 6 Months. Marmol.
• Aben-Ezra, a famous Rabbin of Spain, Grammarian, Philosopher, Astronomer, and Divine. He wrote Learned Commentaries upon the Bible. He finished those upon the Minor Prophets in the City of Rhodes 1145, and died in the 75th year of his Age in 1190 or 1217. He was called Aben-Ezra the Wise. Buxtorf. P. Simon.
• Aben-Humeya, made King of Granada and Cordoua by the Revolted Moors. He was first called Ferdinand de Valor, from the Village where he dwelt in the Mountain of Alpuxara. He had been Baptiz'd, but renounced his Baptism upon his Election. He was Courageous, Daring, Proud, and Success∣ful. At last one Diego Aguazil, not enduring his Rivalship in a Lady whom he lov'd, Counterfeited Letters under his own Hand, as if he design'd to Massacre all the Turks in his Army; upon which he was surpriz'd and Strangled An. 1570 by Abdala-Aben-Abo. At his death he denied what he was charged with, and professed he died a Christian, and that he only turned Moor to Capacitate himself for the Regal Dignity, and that he might be Reveng'd of the Spaniards. Mariana.
• Aben-Hut, a Learned Moor, one of the Principal Noble∣men of the Kingdom of Granada, who having made himself Master of the Strongest Cities thereof, call'd himself The Re∣former of the Mahometan Law. He was murder'd by his own Subjects while he made War upon the Christians, in 1234. Marmol.
• Aben-Ioseph, of the Race of the Beni-Merini's in Africk. He usurp'd the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco from the Almo∣hades, and extended his Dominions over all Mauritania, and then took the name of Mulei-Chec or Ancient King. In 1275 he crost over into Spain with 50000 Foot, and 7000 Horse, and won Tarifa and Algesira. After which he undertook se∣veral Expeditions against the Christians, and Revolted Moors. He died in 1285, leaving his Son Abusayd to succeed him. Marmol.
• Aben-Ishmael, King of Granada. He became Tributary to the King of Castile; but after his death, which was in 1465, his Son, Mulei Albohacen, broke the Peace, which was the ruine of the Moors: For Ferdinand took Granada in 1492, and put an end to their Dominion in Spain. Davity.
• Aben-Melech, a Learned Rabbi, who writ a Grammatical Exposition upon the whole Bible. 'Tis a thin Folio, Entitled, Michlat Jophi; or, The Perfection of Beauty, Printed first at Constanitnople, afterwards in Holland, which last is the best.
• Aben-Neden, an Arabian Author, who wrote the Lives of the Philosophers of his own Country.
• * Abensperg, a Town of the Dutchy of Bavaria, lies a German mile off the Danube, and is distant 3 miles from Ra∣tisbonne. It's noted because of the Birth-place of Joannes Aventinus, a Learn'd Historian who writ the Annals of his Country from the Deluge to An. Dom. 1460.
• Aben-Taamon, a Prince of the Family of Abdala VI. Caliph of Babylon. He fled into Africa, to avoid the fury of the Usurper Abdulmalich, who massacred all he could meet with of that Line; and arriving in Mauritania Tingitana, was made King thereof because of his Birth and Merits. He Warr'd much against the Romans and Goths, and obtain'd several Victories. To out-brave the Caliphs of Arabia he Styl'd himself Amir-el-Mocelemin. Marmol.
• Aben-Tesph••n, a Numidian, who drove the Saracens out of Africa in the Twelfth Century, after he had ruined the King∣doms of Fez and Mauritania. The Saracens of Spain called him to their Assistance against the Christians, which prov'd fatal to both: For he drove the Christians out of Castile, Portugal, and other Places which they had re-taken; and then put to death most of the Saracen Princes; others he made Tributary to his Sons, whom he left Governors of Spain at his Return into Afric••. Birago, History of Africa.
• Abeona, the Goddess of Travellers.
• * Aberbrotoch, formerly call'd Abrinca according to Bucha∣nan, a Sea Town of Scotland, lying about half way betwixt the mouth of the Tay, and that of the South Esk.
• * Aberconway, Lat. Conovium, a Market Town in the North East parts of Carnarvanshire, at the mouth of the River Conway upon the Irish Sea, a strong place both by Nature and Art.
• * Aberdeen, Lat. Abredonia, or Aberdonia, a City of the County of Marr in Scotland, 85 miles N. E. of Edinburgh: It is situated on the mouth of the River Don; and there is ano∣ther Town of the same name at 2 miles distance on the mouth of the River Dee; so that they are distinguished by the names of New and Old Aberdeen. The latter is famous for Salmon Fishing; and the other for an University founded by King James IV. and William Ephinston Bishop of the place, Anno 1494. they having procured the Pri∣viledge from Pope Alexander VI. who endowed it with as ample Immunities as any University in Christendom; The Foundation relating to the Priviledges of those of Paris and Bononia. It was a Seminary of Learning long before it was an University, there being a Studium Generale in Collegio Ca∣nonicorum, where there were Doctors of the Laws and of Di∣vinity in the time of King Alexander II Anno 1221. This University consists of two Colledges, the first founded by Bi∣shop Ephinston above mentioned, Anno 1500. called the Kings-College, because King James IV. took upon him and his Suc∣cessors the special protection of it; The other is called Ma∣rischal-Colledge, because founded by George Keith Earl Maris∣chal, Anno 1593. in Old Aberdeen. There have been Earls bearing the Title of Aberdeen, and it was also a Bishops See till Episcopacy was abolished in Scotland. This is also a Place of good Trade, having many Ships belonging to it.
• * Aberforth, a Market Town of Ikirach Wapentake in the West-Riding of Yorkshire.
• * Aberfraw, Lat. Gadiua, is a Town of the Isle of Anglesey, noted for having been the Residence of Eleven Kings of North-Wales. Amarawd the first of these Princes begun his Reign in 877, and Llewelin the last was kill'd in Battle in 1282.
• * Abergavenny, by Antoninus call'd Gobanium, a Market Town of Bergaveny-Hundred in the North-west of Mon∣mouthshire, derives its name from Gavenny a small River which runs on the East-side of it into the Usk, whilst this washes the West-side. This Town belong'd to the Silures when the Ro∣mans Conquer'd 'em; it's still large and well built, Wall'd and Fortified with an ancient Castle; it drives a good Trade in Flannels, and gives the Title of Baron to the first of Eng∣land, which is now the Right Honourable George Nevill.
• * Aberistwith, a Market Town of Landabarn-Hundred in the North-west of Cardiganshire, so call'd from its situation on the River Istwith within a mile of its Fall into the Irish Sea.
• * Abernethy, the ancient Seat of the Kings of the Picts, situate on the River Tay in Strathren in Scotland. It was also a Bishops See until remov'd thence to St. Andrews by Pope Sixtus IV. An. 1471.
• * Abfoort, a Sea Port of Norway in the Province of Agger, 15 German miles West of Anslo.
• Abgarus, or Agbarus, one of the Kings of Edessa in Me∣sopotamia,

• who was contemporary with the Son of God. This Abgarus had heard of the great Miracles which Christ had wrought, which made him write to Jesus, and give him an Invitation to Edessa, as in the following Letter. The Son of God approving the Faith and Zeal of Abgarus, is said to have sent him his Picture, and the following Answer.

  ABGARUS, KING OF EDESSA, To the Gracious Saviour JESUS, Who has taken upon Him Flesh in the Country of Jerusalem, Greeting.

  I Have been inform'd of the Miracles and Wonderful Cures which you perform, by Healing the Sick without Herbs or Medicines: And the Report is, That you restore Sight to the Blind; that you Cleanse the Lepreus; that you cast forth Devils and Malignant Spirits; that you restore Health to those that have many years lan∣guish'd under tedious and incurable Diseases; and raise the Dead to Life. Understanding of you these things, I believe that either you are God himself, who has vouchsafed to descend from Heaven, or else, that you are the Son of God to work such Miracles as these; for which reason I have presum'd to send you this Epistle, most Affectionately b••s••eching you, that you would give your self the trouble of coming to see me. I know the Jews to be your Pers••cu∣ters, that they Murmur at your Miracles, and lie in wait for your D••struction. I have here a City both Beautiful and Commodicus, which though it be but small, however will afford us all things that are Necessary.

  The Answer of JESUS CHRIST.

  YOU are happy, O Abgarus, in that you have believed in me, although you never saw me. For, it is written of me, That they who shall believe in me, and never saw me, shall be sav'd. A•• to your Request, that I would come to s••e you, I am to let you vnderstand, That all those things for which I am s••nt, must be ac∣complish'd in the Country where I am; and after all things are by m•• fulfill'd, I must return to him that s••nt me. However, after my Ascension, I will send you one of my Disciples, who shall deliver you from your painful Disease, and shew both your self and all your Friends, the Way to Life Eternal. Which, the same Author adds, was performed by St. Thaddaeus, who moreover Con∣verted the Osro••nians.

  These Two Letters are by some said to be True, by others Fabulous. Eus bius affirms, that he Copied 'em from the Re∣cords of the City of Edessa, and Translated 'em out of the Chaldee into his Treatise Entituled, Ephrem's Last Will. Count Darius cites 'em in an Epistle to St. Austin, and Theodorus Stu∣dites in another to Pope Paschal. As for the Picture, St. John of Damascus, Evagrius, and several others make mention of it, and the Greeks observe a Festival which is call'd, The Tran∣slation of the Picture. Pope Adrian also in an Epistle to Char∣lemagne, assures him, that the History was admitted for true, ••y a Council at Rome under Pope Stephen. But M••lchior Camus, Bishop of the Canaries, and Cardinal Bellarmin, with several others, adhere to the Decision of Pope Gelasius I. who Con∣demned 'em as Apocryphal, as did also the Council held at Rome, Anno Dom. 494. Protestants are also divided in their Opinions about 'em. Cock, Rivet, Honbeck, Spanheim, Du Pin, &c. think them Supposititious, but the Learn'd Dr. Cave in his Historia Literaria is of another mind, as also Pearson in his Vindication of Ignatius.
• Abgarus, another King of Edessa, (contemporary with the Emperor Antonin the Debonnaire) noted for his Piety and Vertue; he was Disciple to the famous Bardesane, who after a gallant defence of Christianity against the Heathen Emperors, turn'd Heresiarch himself. Epiph. de Her. Baronius, A. C. 175.
• Abgarus, another King of Edessa in the Third Century, a Religious Christian, and Allie of Severus the Emperor, he was cheated by Caracalla, who seized him as he came to Visit him in confidence of the said Alliance, and possessed himself of his Country; but it's supposed that he or his Son were again restored to their Thrones. This Name Abagarus or Abgarus Originally Arabick, signifies Most Powerful, and was common to all the Kings of this Country, as Ptolomy to those of Egypt. Several of them lived in good Correspondence with the Roman Emperors, and their Portraictures are to be found on the Reverse of the Medals of Gordian, Aurelius, and Severus. A Greek Epitaph is found in the Church of St. Pauls at Rome on one of those Kings, who was cut off through Envy. Tristan's Commentaries on the Roman History. Euseb. in Chron. Dion. 77.
• Abiathar, the Jewish High-Priest, Son to Abimelech the High-Priest. He alone escap'd the Slaughter of the Priests at Nob. He was Faithful to David, but Conspired with Ado∣nijah against Solomon, who depriv'd him of his Dignity, and confin'd him to his Palace in the Country: Which was the fulfilling of Samuel's Prediction to Eli. 1 Kings, 2 Kings.
• Abibalus, a King of Tyre, in the Reign of David; the Father of Hiram, Solomon's great Friend. Josephus.
• Abigail, the Wife of Nabal the Carmelite, afterwards Con∣tracted to David. There was also another Abigail, Daughter of Nahash, and Sister to Zeruiah the Mother of Joab. 1 K. 25.
• Abijam, or Abijah, King of Judah, and Son to Rehoboam. He fought with 400000 Men, against Jeroboam with 800000, and defeated him, kill'd 500000 upon the spot, and took Bethel, Jeshanah, Ephraim, and several other Cities from him, so that he could never recover his Losses. He followed the Sins of his Father Rehoboam; had 14 Wives, and after 2 short Reign of 3 years died, Anno Mund. 3079. leaving Asa his Son to succeed him. He had 22 Sons and 16 Daughters. 1 Kings 15.
• * Abila, a small City in Syria near the Springs of Jordan, on the South of Mount Libanus, East of Chalcis, and West of Damascus: Lysanias, and Archelaus, Herod, and Philip, all of them Sons of Herod the Great, were successively one after another Tetrarchs of this City, about the time of our Savi∣our. Joseph. Priscillianus of Treeves was Bishop of this City, and was Murthered by Maximus the Tyrant, Hierom. Com. 1 Ep. 53. There is another in the same Tribe placed on the Borders of Edom East of Gaulon, and Asteroth, and a third in the Tribe of Reuben, in which Moses gave his last Charge, containing the whole Book of Deuteronomy, or the Repetition of the Law, just before his death, the best Sermon but that on the Mount, that ever was preached to the Sons of Men. Luke 3. Joseph. Antiq. 19. 5. 20. & 9.
• Abimelech, King of Gerar, where Abraham sojourning, feign'd Sarah to be his Sister. See the whole Story, Gen. 20.
• Abimelech, Son of Jerubbaal or Gideon, by his Sh••chemite Concubine. He was made King of Shechem by means of his Friends on the Mothers-side, having first slain 70 of the Sons of Jerubbaal, Jotham only escaping; but the Shechemites wea∣ried with his Cruelties, expell'd him the City, and call'd Gaal the Son of Ebed to their Assistance, whom Abimelech defeated, levell'd Shechem to the Ground, sowing it with Salt, and pursu'd the Enemy to Thebez, where a Woman dash'd his Brains out with a piece of a Millstone; upon which he commanded his Armourer-Bearer to run him thorow, that it might not be said a Woman slew him. Judges 9.
• Abinadab, Second Son of Jesse, and Brother of David. Also the Father of one of Solomon's Purveyors for the Region of Dor, who had Married one of Solomon's Daughters.
• * Abington, Lat. Abingdonia, a Corporation of Berkshire, situ∣ate upon the River Thames, between Walingford and Oxford, 5 miles Southward of this last. This Town was Garrison'd for the Parliament in 1644, which much incommoded K. Charles I. The Right Honourable James Bartue was created Earl of A∣bington by King Charles II. the 30th of Nov••mber 1682.
• * Abiolica, now Le Bullet, a Town in Switzerland, 6 miles from Ambrun.
• Abiram, the Eldest Son of Huel the Bethelite; He rebuilt Jericho in the Reign of Ahab.
• Abiram, Son of Elab of the Tribe of Reuben, an Accom∣plice in the Conspiracy of Korah and Dathan, against Moses and Aaron; for which the Earth opening, swallowed them all 3 up. Numb. 16.
• Abisares, a King of a great part of the Indies, that sub∣mitted his Kingdom to Alexander the Great, who Treated him with much Generosity. Q. Curt.
• Abis••ag, a Beautiful Young Shunamite, sought out of all Israel, to cherish David in his Old Age. 1 K.
• * Abis••ai, Son of Zeruiah, Brother of Joab, one of David's Worthies. He slew 300 with his Spear at one time. He kill'd 18000 of the Idumeans, and made them Tributary to the Israelites. In a Battle against the Philistines he rescu'd David out of the hand of a Giant, whom he slew. 2 K. 23.
• Abisca, a Province in the South part of America, in the Kingdom of Peru, near the Springs of the River Tapi, which falls into the River of the Amazons, about 50 Leagues from Cusco to the East.
• * Abissinia, more commonly called the Empire of Preti Jani, the Great and Higher Aethiopia. It contains in it the King∣doms of Goiame, Vangue, Yaire, Damut, Cafate, Begamidri, Xoa, Fatigar, Angote, Baru, Baliganse, Adea, (now Revolted) Amaza, Ambea, Vaguc, Tigremahon, Sabahim, and Burganusso. It extended anciently as far as Bugie on the Red Sea, and for a long time to Suaquem upon the same 222 Leagues, but then the Moors possessed all the Sea Coast but Ercoco or Arkiko, which is now in the hands of the Turks. This vast Empire is bounded on the North by Nubia and the Desarts of Suaquem, on the East by the Kingdom of Dangali, and Adel, on the South by the Kingdoms of Merinde, and the River Raptus, now Hawasti, and the Nile, and on the West by the River Maleg, and the Nile, and a Range of craggy Mountains, which separate it from the wandering Aethiopians. The Prince of this Vast Country, and all his Subjects, are Chri∣stians, the Country being Watered with many great Lakes, and vast Rivers, is very fruitful as to Barly, Rice, and Pulse, but it has not much Wheat, nor wants it Sugar, Honey, Cot∣ten, Wooll, Oranges, Lemons, Cedars, &c. but they have little or no Wine, they have wild Beasts and tame in great plenty, but their Horses are small; They have Mines of Gold, Silver, Iron, and Copper, but they know neither how to Dig or Refine them. Hornius in the Introduction to the Ancient Geo∣graphy,

• saith, it is certain this Nation is a Colony of the Arabians, where Ptolemy placeth the Abaseni in Arabia Foelix, from whence they crossed the Sea in very ancient times into Africa, which appears by their Language and Histories, and the time may almost be assigned. See more in Aethiopia Su∣perior.
• Abihu, one of the Sons of Aaron, who with his Bro∣ther Nadab, was destroy'd with Fire from Heaven for making use of strange Fire in their Sacrifices. Moses Com∣manded they should be buried without the Camp, without Mourning or Funeral Rite.
• Ablon, a small Village in France with a Castle, upon the Seine, 3 Leagues above Paris, where the Protestants assem∣bled before they had a Church at Charenton.
• Abner, the Son of Ner, Saul's Father in Law, and Gene∣ral of his Armies; after Saul's death endeavouring to set up Ishbosheth, he was prevented by Joab. Ishbosheth after this affronting him, he reconcil'd himself to David; but Joab being Jealous of his Merits, treacherously smote him under the fifth Rib that he died. Some think that David composed the 139th Psalm on this Occasion. 2 Kings.
• Abo, or Alboa, a City of Sweden. An Episcopal See, un∣der the Archbishop of Upsal, in South-Finland, near the Baltick Sea, the Diocess consisting of 50 Parishes. It's said, that on the South-East of that Port, in the Gulph of Fin∣land, there is a Rock, which, as the Mariners pass, they observe that their Needle does not point to the North, as if it had lost that Quality, which it's thought to proceed from a Loadstone Mine in the same. Q. Christina founded an University here Anno 1640. and most of the Town was burnt Anno 1678. Baudrand.
• Abocharana, a City of Arabia Felix, so seated upon a Mountain, that there is but one way to it, and that so nar∣row for 7 miles together, that two can hardly go a-breast. Here the Sultan keeps his Treasure. Lud. Barth. Hist. Arab. Faelix.
• Aborigines, a People of Italy, who succeeded the Siculi. They were call'd Aborigines, says Dionysius Halicarnassaeus, because they were the first Founders of the Roman Name. Virgil says of them—

  Is genus indocile, ac dispersum montibus altis —Composuit.

• * Aboy, or Atbboy, a Town in Ireland in the Province of Leinster, and County of Eastmeath.
• Abracadabra, a Mysterious Word, to which the Supersti∣tious in former times attributed a Magical Power to expel Diseases, especially the Tertian Ague, worn about their Neck in this manner.

  ABRACADABRA
  ABRACADABR
  ABRACADAB
  ABRACADA
  ABRACAD
  ABRACA
  ABRAC
  ABRA
  ABR
  AB
  A

• Some think that Basilides the Inventor intends the Name of God by it. The Method of the Cure was prescribed in these Verses.

  Inscribes Chartae quod dicitur Abracadabra Saepius, & subter repetes, sed detrahe summam Et magis atque magis desint elementa figuris Singula quae semper capies & Caetera figes Donec in Angustum redigatur Litera Conum His lino nexis collum redimire memento Talia Languentis conducent Vincula Collo Lethalesque abigent (miranda potentia) morbos.

• Abracax, the Name given to God by Basilides the Heretick, in the Second Century, who, he said, was the Author of 365, meaning the 365 days in a year. To which number the Letters of Abracadabra abovementioned amount.
• Abradarad, King of Susiana, Generous and Courageous, being prevailed on by his Wife to take part with Cyrus, he was slain in the first Battle, whereupon for grief she kill'd her self on his Corps. Xenophon.
• Abraham, i. e. Father of a multitude, one of the Patri∣archs, Son of Terah, at first call'd Abram, i. e. Glorious Fa∣ther. He was born in Ur of the Chaldees, after the Flood 292, before Moses 425. He died in the 165th year of his Age, and was buried in the Cave of Machpelah. See the rest of his History from Gen. c. 12. to c. 25.
• Abraham, Emperor of the Moors of Africk; He liv'd in the Twelfth Century, and succeeded his Father Ali, neg∣lecting and despising at first the Rebellion of Abdala the Schoolmaster, he at last grew too strong for him. Being denied Admittance at Agmet one of his own Towns, he fled to Oran, but doubting his safety there, and being hard pursu'd by the Enemy, he threw himself with his Wife headlong from a Precipice, where both miserably died. Marmol. Thuan
• * Abraham, a certain Bishop, who never made use of Bread, Flesh, Fish, Water, Bed, Fire, Pulse, or Roots, but liv'd only upon Raw Herbs, yet enter∣tain'd others Hospitally with good Victuals and Wine. Hoffman.
• Abraham-Ecchellensis, a Learned Maronite, Professor of Syriack and Arabick in the University of Paris; During his stay there he Translated some Books out of Arabick into La∣tin, and at Rome Printed several against the Protestants in 1653. He was Author of Eutychius Vindicatus against Selden. Printed there also in 1661.
• Abraham, a King of Aethiopia, who turn'd Christian upon the Preaching of Frumentius. He Reigned 27 years; 13 with his Brother Atzbeha, and 14 alone. He pre∣tended it was Revealed to him from Heaven, that he should keep in Prison all the Male Off-spring of the Royal Family, except the Eldest, who was to succeed; which Custom was a long time observ'd. There were several Ae∣thiopian Kings of this Name. Alvarez.
• Abraham Vsqua, a Portuguese Rabbi. Famous for his Jewish Bible Printed at Ferrara in 1553, and afterwards in Holland, 1630.
• Abrahami Gerard, a Flemish Captain, Native of Boisleduc in Brabant, hearing a French Commander boast, that 20 French would beat 40 Flemings, he challenged him to fight with an equal number of 22, which was done in sight of both Ar∣mies, where Breautè the French Commander was slain, and 16 of his Men. Abrahami also fell, with his Brother, and two more of his Party. He was Honourably Interr'd at Boisleduc, Anno 1600. Beyerlink. His Epitaph contains the History.
• Abradanel, (Isaac) a Spanish Jew, expell'd with the rest from Spain in 1492. He writ large Commentaries on the Bible, Printed at Vienna, in which Work he boasts of his Descent from David.
• Abrener, a Town in Armenia, 5 Leagues from Naxivan. The Inhabitants of this, and 7 Towns more adjoining, are Roman Catholicks, converted by a Dominican Monk, and al∣ways supplied by Priests of that Order. The Governor of Naxivan makes them uneasie at the Instance of the Patriarch of Armenia, who would have them under his Jurisdiction. Chardin.
• Abrentius, left Governor of Tarentum in Italy by Hanni∣bal. He fell so desperately in Love with a fair Lady, that he delivered up the City to Fabius Maximus at her persuasi∣on, because her Brother was in his Army. Polyen.
• Abrineae, or Aurenches, a Town in Normandy, on the Sea Coasts, near the Confines of Britanny, 8 Leagues West from Bayeux, and 21 from Falais. Here was held a Council in 1172, to enquire into the death of Becket Archbishop of Canterbury. Also a River, commonly call'd Aar, running between Andernach and Bonne, discharging it self into the Rhine near Sinsich.
• Abro, or Abron, an Athenian that wrote the History of the Ancient Festivals and Sacrifices. There were four more of the same Name: A Rhodian a Famous Grammarian: An Excellent Painter of Samos: A Rhetorician of Sparta, Son of Lycurgus: And one of Argos, who sav'd the Lives of of 1000 young Corinthians, whom Philo, Captain of the Ar∣gives, would have put to death. Plutarch.
• Abrodiaetus, Sirname of Parrhasius the Famous Painter. He always went Clad in Purple, with a Crown of Gold upon his Head. The Buckles of his Shooes were Gold, and his Staff Studded with the same Metal. Vid. Parrhas. Aelian.
• Abruzza, Abrussa, or Abruzzo, in Latin, Aprutium, a Coun∣try belonging to the Kingdom of Naples on the Gulph of Venice, of this Name are two Countries, the further and nearer, one the Country of Salust, and the other of Ovid. It's very fruitful, and hath so much Saffron, that the Inhabitants about Aquila make thereof 40000 Ducats per Annum. Mercator. This Country was the Seat of the An∣cient Samnites and Piceni, whose Valour put the Romans to the last Refuge of choosing a Dictator 4 times, and afforded them Cause of 30 Triumphs, the last being in the 481 of Rome. It is now the Greatest, Richest, and best Inhabited of any part of the Kingdom of Naples.
• Absalom, Son of David by Maachah, Daughter of Talmai King of Geshur. A Beautiful, but Ambitious and Daring Prince. He caused his Brother Amnon to be slain for Ra∣vishing his Sister Tamar, then fled to his Grandfather at Geshur. After 3 years he was reconcil'd to his Father by Joab's means; but he Rebelled, usurped the Government, and was at length slain by Joab. See his whole Story from 2 Sam. 14. to 19.
• Absalom, Bishop of Roschildt in Denmark. He flourished in the Twelfth Century, being famous for Learning and Piety. He was a Canon Regular of the Austin Friars in the Abby of Genevieve in Paris. Waldemar I. King of Denmark. sent him into the Isle of Rugen to Preach the Gospel; and at his return, made him Bishop of Roschildt, Chief Minister

• of State, and sent him Ambassador into France, whence he sent Regular Canons to Denmark. Saxo Gram.
• Absander, the Nineteenth King of Athens. He succeeded Hippomanes, who was Dethron'd for Condemning his Daugh∣ter to an Extream Cruel Punishment, Anno Mund. 3326, and Reign'd 10 years. Eusebius.
• Absimarus, or Apsimarus, (Tiberius) Emperor of the East, set up by the Soldiers in the Room of Leontius, whose Nose he cut off, and thrust him into a Monastery. He conquer'd the Saracens, and was a professed Enemy of Pope John VI. He was surprised and put to death at Constantinople by Justinian II. assisted by Trebellius King of Bulgaria, in the year 705, after he Reigned 7 years. Baronius.
• Absorus, now Ossero, an Island near the Shoar of Liburnia. There is in it an Episcopal City of the same Name, join'd to Cropsa by a Bridge. Now under the Venetians. It's also the name of a Town built by the Colchians, who came with Absyrtus to seek his Sister Medea, who having kill'd him, his Followers fell a building, but being hindred by Serpents, Medea charm'd 'em into her Brothers Tomb. Hig. in fa∣bulis.
• Abstinents, a sort of Hereticks in Gaul and Spain toward the end of the Third Century, in the Reign of Dioclesian. They decry'd Marriage, condemn'd the use of Meats, and held the Holy Ghost to be a Creature. Epiphanius. Phi∣lastrius.
• Absyrtiades, Islands in the Adriatick Sea, near the Ister: so call'd from Absyrtus.
• Absyrtus, Son to Aeetes and Hypsea. His Sister Medea, when she run away with Jason, cut him in pieces, and strew'd his Members in the way, to stop her Fathers pur∣suit. Some say he was not murder'd, but came to the Isles call'd Absyrtiades after his Name. Also a Nicomedian, who serv'd under Constantine at the River Ister. He wrote a Book of Horsemanship, preserv'd in the Library of Anto∣nius VI. Duke of Milan.
• Abu, or Abul-Heun, Son of Abul-Hascen K. of Morocco. He Warr'd against his Father; and by the help of Don Pedro King of Castile, won several Battles, and forc'd him to pay him Tri∣bute for the Kingdoms of Tunis and Tremesen. He poison'd Abdala King of Granada with a rich Bonnet he sent him, in the year 1396.
• A••ubaba, Son of Mahomet, and Sixteenth Caliph or Suc∣cessor to Mahomet, was Crown'd by the Arabians of Syria, after the death of Marvan in 754, over whom he only Reign'd. He died in 760. He was esteemed the Soveraign Caliph, though there were several others. Marmol.
• ••••ubequer, Abubakar, or Abro••herim, first Caliph or Suc∣cessor to Mahomet, and his Son in Law. Though his Father had declar'd Hali, his Daughter Fatima's Husband, his Suc∣cessor, saying, he was a Saint of the Race of the Prophets; yet Abubequer being more Potent, was Elected, and settled first at Cufa, then at Bagdet. He entred Palestine with a great Army, and defeated Theodorus Bogairus, the Emperor Hera∣clitus's Brother. He died in 634, or as others say, 640, sup∣pos'd to be Poison'd, and was buried at Medina. Ali retired into Arabia, being the Quarter assign'd him, and form'd a distinct Sect of Mahumetans, from Osman, Omar, and Othman, who succeeded Abubequer, whom the Persians have in abomi∣nation, and therefore at each Marriage they have their Effi∣gies in Sugar or Paste; that the Guests may look upon them, and by a Magick Charm which they reckon comes from their Eyes, prevent their Malign Influence; And afterwards they bruis'd them to pieces to testifie their dislike of them. Marmol.
• * Abuia, one of the Philippi Islands in the East-Indies, be∣tween Luzonia and Mindanao. Abounding with Corn, Rice, and Mines.
• Abu-Isaac, Ben Assal, a Learned Maronite, who writ the Constitutions of the Church of Alexandria in Two Books; The first Treats of the Government of the Clergy; the second of the Laity. P. Simon.
• * Abula, or Avila, an Episcopal City of Spain in Castile, under the Archbishop of Compostella, almost in the midway between Madrid and Valladolid. Also a Town of South A∣merica in the Kingdom of Peru, and Province de Los Quitos, upon the River Napo, 3 Spanish Leagues from Quito, East.
• Abulites, Governor of the Province of Susiana in Persia; He deliver'd it up to Alexander the Great, who found therein 50000 Talents of Gold and Silver, besides other Immense Treasure. Alexander made him afterwards Governor of that Province. Q. Curtius.
• Abulphatages, (Mark Gregory.) He wrote a General History of the East in Arabick, which was Translated into Latin by Dr. Pocock, and Printed at Oxford in 1663. It begins at Adam, and ends with the History of the Moguls.
• Abuna, i. e. Our Father, a name of the Christian Patriarchs of Aethiopia. He is Elected upon the Nomination of the Copti who live at Cairo. They had sometime recourse to the See of Rome for a Metropolitan, but that lasted not long, for ••hey quickly grew weary of him. P. Sim.
• Abundius, Bishop of Como in Italy. He lived in the Fifth Century, and was one of the most Learned and Pious Pre∣lates of his time. Pope Leo sent him his Legate à Latere to Constantinople in 450, where calling a Council, he condemn'd the Errors of Nestorius and Eutychius. At his return he pro∣cur'd a Council at Milan, where Pope Leo's Letter to Flavian Patriarch of Constantinople, touching the Incarnation of Christ, in opposition to Nestorius and Eutychius, was sub∣scrib'd. He died April 2. 469. Baronius.
• Abusat, a Soldan of Aegypt, who made War with the Knights of Rhodes 5 years together. He died in 1499.
• Abusayd, King of Morocco and Fez. He pass'd into Spain with a numerous Army, but being beat out again, he went into Barbary, where he died in 1302. Marmol.
• Abu-Techifien, an African Morabite. He fled from the Tyranny of the Arabians in 1051, into the South parts of Africa, and drawing after him infinite numbers of People, under pretence of Liberty and casting off the Arabian Yoke, cross'd the Mountains of Atlas, near the City of Agmet, made himself Master of the Province of Morocco, subdued the Arabians of Mauritania Tingitana, and settled himself at Agmet, by the name of Emir-el-Mominin, or Commander of the Faithful. His Successors were call'd Almoravides by the Hi∣storians, as being Morabites. He died in 1086, Succeeded by his Son Joseph. Marmol.
• Abuzaid, King of Persia. He fell in Love with the Daugh∣ter of his Chief Minister, whom he put to death, together with his Son in Law, for opposing his Amours, and then Marrying the Lady, surrender'd the whole Government into her Hands, which she manag'd with admirable Prudence. He died in 1337. His Empire after divers Revolutions was subdued by Tamerlan. Mirkond.
• Abydos. There are two Towns of this Name; one in Egypt (now Abutich) between Ptolemais and Diospolis, 290 miles from Memphis, where formerly stood the Palace of Memnon, and the Temple of Osiris: The other in Phrygia the Less, over-against Sestos in Thrace, famous for the A∣mours of Hero and Leander. And for the Bridge of Boats laid over betwixt it and Sestos by Xerxes of 5 miles length; From which, and Helles who drown'd her self there, came the name of Hellespont. The People of this Town were so subject to Raillery, that it became a Proverb; Ne temere Abydum. Livius says, that being besieged, and having no hopes of Relief, they were so enraged, that they reproached and kill'd one another without distinction of Age, Sex, or Relation. There is a Town of Egypt of this name, the ordinary Residence of Memnon, and first Burial-place of Jo∣seph, Jacobs Son, as some think; it was a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lampsaco, from which it is seated 21 miles to the S. It was built by the Milesians in the times of Gyges King of Lydia, and by his permission, as Strabo affirms, and became more famed then Lampsaco. Philip Son of De∣metrius King of Macedonia destroyed this City; The build∣ing of it is placed by Isackson, A. M. 3240, of Rome 43. The Turks call it Aueo and Aidos. Strabo. Herodotus. Ortel.
• Abyla, a high Mountain of Mauritania Tingitana, over-against Calpe a Mountain in Spain, from which it is divided by the Streights of Gibraltar, about 18 miles over. They were formerly call'd Herculis Columnae, or Hercules's Pillars. The Poets feigning that he finding those Mountains united, did seperate them. They are call'd the Mountains of Apes, because of the great number of those Creatures found there. Some say, that in the Isles of Gades there were two Columns of Brass 8 Cubits high, where Seamen used to Sacrifice to Hercules. There are still two Towers near the place which are call'd Hercules's Towers. Plin. Marmol.

• Acachuma, a City of Aethiopia. The Abyssines believe it to have been the Seat of the Queen of Sheba, and the place where she kept her Treasure. Marmol.
• Acacius, Patriarch of Constantinople. He succeeded Genna∣dius in the Fifth Century. He claim'd precedence of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. Pope Sim∣plicius opposed him, and sent Probus, Bishop of Canosa, to tell him it was contrary to the Ancient Councils. Felix II. or III. Excommunicated him for it, and condemn'd him in a Council at Rome in 482, which so enrag'd him, that he denied him to be Pope, and struck his Name out of the Dypticks in his Church, which he enjoyed in peace till his death, An. 488. Baronius.
• Acacius, Patriarch of Antioch, succeeded Basil in 458. The same year Antioch, with several Cities of the East, were almost ruin'd by an Earthquake. He died in 459, and Ma∣tirius succeeded him. Baronius.
• Acacius, Bishop of Amida in Mesopotamia. He flourish'd in the Fourth Age, and was famous for Piety and Learn∣ing. He sold all his Church-Plate of Gold and Silver, to free and redeem 7000 Persian Soldiers, whom the Romans had imprison'd and retain'd in miserable Slavery, and sent them home to their own Country. Which had so much in∣fluence on Varanes the King of Persia, that he would needs see the said Bishop. Socrates.

• Acacius, Bishop of Beraea in Palestine, one of the most fa∣mous Prelates of his Time. He was present at the General Council of Constantinople in 381, but believing that St. Chry∣sostom slighted him, in not procuring him Lodgings good en∣ough, he became his Enemy, and was a chief cause of his Ba∣nishment. He was above 110 years old when he died. Theoderet, &c.
• Acacius, Bishop of Cesarea in Palestine, a Disciple of Eu∣s••bius, and his Successor in the Bishoprick. He was one of the Chief of the Semi-Arians, and being present at the Council of Sardic, was there Condemn'd. Afterwards, in hatred to St. Cyril of Jerusalem, he declar'd himself at Seleucia for the Anomaeans; of which being condemn'd, the Semi-Arians deposed him; And in return in the Council of Con∣stantinople in 360, he condemn'd them. The time of his Death is uncertain. His Followers were call'd Acacians and Anomians, being a sort of more refined Arians. Sozomen. Th••odorat.
• * Acacius, of Alexandria, a Captain under Adrian. He was hang'd on a Nut-Tree, for professing the Christian Religion. There was also another Acacius, who suffer'd Martyrdom under Decius the Emperor. Hist. Tripartit.
• Academia, a shady Grove without the Walls of Athens, where Plato first taught Philosophy, and hence his Followers were all call'd Academicks. Some call it Academia, from Ecade∣mus an Athenian Hero. Cicero's Country House between Puteoli and the Lake Avernus, where he writ his Academick Questions, was likewise so call'd. Plutarch, Diog. Laertius, Plin. Pausanias.
• Academy, (French.) The French Academy was settled and Confirm'd by the Edict of Lewis XIII. in 1635. It's origi∣nal was owing to some Learned Persons who met once a week to Confer together. They Judge of no Works but those of their own Society. Yet they refuse not to give their Advice or Opinion concerning others. They treat of no Morals or Politicks, but at the Direction of the Prince; and if they meddle with Theological Books, 'tis only to consider the Terms and Form. One of their designs was to bring their Language to the height of Eloquence, and for that end they begun their Dictionary in 1637; And they were come no further then part of C in 1687. The Chief Officers of this Academy are, a Director, a Chancellor, and a Secretary: The two first chosen by Lot, the last by Voices. The Director presides; The Chancellor keeps the Seals, and the Secretary Registers the Decisions and Determinations of the Assembly. They meddle not with Religion, but discuss all other Subjects freely. They have very much beautified and reform'd the French Language. There are other Aca∣demies in Paris; As that of Royal Painters and Statuaries, erected by Mr. Noyers, Secretary of State, and Surveyor of the Kings Buildings, in the Reign of Lewis XIII, and after∣wards confirm'd by Decree of Council in 1648. Also an Academy Royal of Sciences, consisting of Physicians and Ma∣thematicians, settled by Mr. Colbert in 1666, to make a new discovery in Physick and Mathematicks. Likewise An Aca∣demy Royal of Architecture, setled by the same Mr. Colbert 1671. Pelison.
• Acalis, or Acacalis, said to be the Daughter of Minos, and one of the Wives of Mercury, of whom he begat Cydon, thought to be the Founder of Cydonia, now Canea, in Candy. Pausanias.
• Acamapixtly, first King of Mexico, impos'd upon 'em by the King of Culacan for the injury they had done him, in cruelly murdering his Predecessors Daughter. He enlarg'd Mexico with several Stately Buildings; and after a Reign of 40 years, died, leaving the Mexicans at Liberty to choose whom they pleased, though he had several Children of his own. Acosta.
• Acamas, a Prince of Thrace, who, as Homer says, assisted the Trojans. He also speaks of another of the same Name, the Son of Antenor, who for his modesty, was rank'd among the Gods. Homer.
• Acanthus, a young Prince Metamorphos'd into a Plant of the same name. Ovid. Virgil. Ecl. 3.
• Acapulco, a City of New Spain in North America, about 100 Leagues from Mexico, where the Spaniards imbark for the Philippi Islands. It has a good Castle and Harbour. Acosta.
• Acarnania, a Province of Epirus, separated from Aetolia by the River Achelous. It is noted for swift, strong Horses, and is now call'd Carnia and D••spotato. The Inhabitants were noted for Luxury and Lechery, hence the Proverb, Porcellus Acarnanius; And because of their sine and dear Horses came the Proverb 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, applyed to any fine thing. The Inhabitants reckon but 6 months in the year, it had the most Ancient Temple of Jupiter Olympias, which was burnt by the Goths. Thuc. Ovid. Plin. Pausanias.
• Acastus, Son of Pelias, King of Th••ssaly, a great Hunter. He Married Hippolita, who falling desperately in Love with Phaebus her Son-in-Law, and finding him not to answer her de∣sire, accused him to her Husband of a Rape, who thereupon slew 'em both. Hor.
• * Acat••arios, a great Bay in the Arabian Sea toward Aegypt. Apollon.
• Acathistos, a Hymn which the Clergy of Constantinople sang to the Blessed Virgin, for having, as they supposed, delivered the City from the Barbarians three times, so call'd because perform'd standing and in the night. It is still con∣tinued upon every Saturday of the 5th week in Lent. Curo∣palate.
• Acaxulta, the Port of St, Salvador in Guatimala on the South Sea, to which all the Ships of New Spain come every year to Load and unload; it lies in 13, of North Lat.
• Acca Laurentia, Wife of Faustulus, King Numitor's Shepherd. She Nurs'd Romulus and Remus. She was also call'd Lupa, from her Rapacious, Whorish Temper, she used to prostitute her self to the Vulgar for Money, and having got a great deal made Romulus her Heir. Whence she had Sacrifices offered her in the Quirinal. Vossius de Idolis.
• Accadia, a Province of New France, in the North of Ame∣rica. The English were once Masters of it, and call'd it New Scotland. It was given up to the French by the Peace of Breda, in 1667. The chief place in it is Port-Royal.
• Accara, the Great and Less; Two Towns in Guinney, be∣tween the River de la Volta, and Fort St. George de Mina.
• * Accho, a City of Palestine, never subdu'd bv the Israelites.
• * Acci, or Acci Guadi••, once an Episcopal City of Baerick Spain in the Kingdom of Granada, at the Foot of the Moun∣tains, about the Rise of the River Guadalentin, 12 Leagues East of Giennium; taken from the Moors in 1489.
• Acciaioli, a Noble and Ancient Family of Florence, once Sovereigns of Corinth, Th••bes, and Athens.
• Acciaoli, (Reinier) Duke of Athens. He made himself Master of it by the Expulsion of the Arragonians. For want of Legitimate Male Issue he bequeathed Athens to the Vene∣tians, Baeotia and Th••bes to his Natural Son Antonio, who get∣ting the Start of the Venetians, possessed himself of Ath••ns likewise, which after two Descents, was taken by Mahomet II. in 1455. Chalcondyle.
• Accian a Mahom••tan Prince, Sultan of Antioch about the year 1079. In October 1097, Godfrey of B••loigne surpriz'd it by the Correspondence of Pyrrhus an Inhabitant thereof; but Accian escaping in disguise, was afterwards found hid in a Country Cottage and kill'd. Balderic.
• Acto, an Old Woman, so deform'd, that seeing her ugly Face in a Glass, she fell mad. Hence Accissare, to dote or to be mad. It's also said of her, that she used to refuse what she greatly desired, hence Accismus, Dissimulation. Her name is used for a Bugbear. Plutarch, Cic••ro.
• Aceldama, near Tophet, South of the Valley of Jehosaphat and Mount Sion; a place to bury such Strangers in as died at Jerusalem, call'd Aceldama, i. e. Field of Blood, because bought with the 30 Pieces which Judas received to betray Christ, and call'd the Potters Field, either because it belong'd to a Potter, or furnish'd Potters Clay. There are various Opi∣nions of the Extent and Value of the Field, and accordingly of the Value of the 30 Pieces for which it was bought. Some value them at 4 s. 2 d. a piece, some at a Crown of Gold, some at above 40 s. a piece, and some at 10 d. a piece, alledging, that there is one of them at Rome which is no more in real worth. The Knights of Jerusalem used to bury poor Pilgrims there, and now the Armenians possess part of it, which they use as a Burial place, it being remarkable for speedy drying of the Corps without emitting Noisom Steams. Doubdan's Voyage of the Holy Land.
• * Acelum, now Asolo, a fair Town belonging to the V••∣netians, 7 miles from Bassano, and 22 from Trevigi. Here was born Acelinus the Roman Tyrant.
• Acephali, a sort of Hereticks acknowledging no Head or Supream. Their first appearance was about the year 500. They asserted one Substance in Christ, and therefore but one Nature. Niceph.
• * Acer S. Marino, a Little Republick in Italy, govern'd by its own Laws, having under it 12 Villages, upon the Confines of the Dukedom of Urbin towards Romandiola, 10 miles from the Adriatick Sea, and 6 from Leene, commonly call'd the Republick of St. Maria.
• * Accerra••os, a Priest of Delphos, who with 60 only of the Inhabitants stay'd behind, when Xerxes took the City, and the Priests Arms were said to be miraculously remov'd to the Gate of the Temple, and there fixt. Hoffman.
• Aces, a River of Asia. It springs out of a Mountain, and dividing its Streams 5 several ways, Waters the Coun∣tries of Chorasmia, Hyrcania, Parthia, Sarangia, and Tomania. Herodotus.
• Aceseus, an Excellent Painter of Pataro, who with Heli∣con Painted the famous Peplum or Veil of the Athenian Pal¦las: Whence the Proverb, Acesei & Heliconis opus, to express a thing well done. Erasm. in Adag. Aristot.
• Aceunes, a large River of Persia, falling into the Indus, where Bulrushes grew so tall and big, that each part between Joint and Joint, will make a Canow to pass the River in, Plinius, Strabo.
• Acesius, a God ador'd by the Epidaurians, esteeming him next Aesculapius, to have the prime Care of their Health. Pictur'd in a long Garment that cover'd him all over. Pau∣sanias.

• Acesius, a Novatian Bishop. He would not receive any into Communion that had once fallen from him, saying, 'Twas not his business to forgive Sin, but Gods. He was brought to the Council of Nice by Constantine the Great, to have reduced him to the Unity of the Church, but without effect. Socrates, Sozom.
• Acestes, King of Sicily. The Poets feign him to be the Son of the River Crinisus, and a Trojan Woman named Egesta or Segesta. He entertain'd Aeneas and Anchises after the burn∣ing of Troy, and Anchises dying, he buried him under the Mountain Eryx. Aeneas being cast a second time upon his Coast, out of Gratitude, built a City, and call'd it after his Name Acesta. Virgil.
• * Acestes, a Navigable River of India, near which Alexander built the City Bucephala.
• Acestorides, a Greek Historian. His Writings were a Mix∣ture of part Fable, part Truth; but to forestall the Calumny of a Fabulous Author, he Intituled his Books Mythica, or Fabulous, himself. He also wrote a Book of the Monstrous Forms of some People in India. Photius.
• Acha, a River of Germany, in the Dukedom of Bavaria, running into the Inn.
• * Ac••acica, a Town of America in New Spain, where are Silver Mines.
• Achae••, an Epithet of Pallas, to whom the Daunians of Italy Dedicated a Temple, in which were laid up the Axes, Swords, &c. of Diomedes. 'Twas kept by Mastiffs that would fawn upon the Grecians, and fly upon all other Nations. Aristot. de Mirab. Ceres was also called Achaea, because of her Lamentation for her Daughter Proserpina. Plutarch.
• Achaeae Perrae, rugged Rocks of the Mountain whence Jordan flows, on which the City Samos is built. Strabo.
• Achaemenia, a part of Persia, rich in Sweet Odours and Perfumes. See Persis.
• * Achaeus, a young Lad, who kill'd Hipparinus Tyrant of Syracuse, mistaking him for Costion in the dark, whom Hippa∣rinus had hired him to murder. Parthenius.
• * Achaeus, King of Lydia, whom the People hanged with his Heels upward, and his Head in the River Pactolus, for going to Extort new Taxes from 'em.
• Achaia Tota, formerly call'd Hellas and Graecia, now Livadia and Rumelia; bounded on the West by Epirus, on the North by Thessaly, on the East by the Egaean Sea, and on the South by the Saronick Gulph, that of Peloponnesus, and the Gulph of Corinth. It is 92 English M. in length, and 281 in breadth. It had 6 Provinces; Baeotia, Attica, Locris, Doris, Phocis, and Megaris. 'Tis sometimes taken for a small part of the Pelo∣ponnesus, now call'd Romania Alta, and Ducatus Clarentiae; and sometimes for the whole Pelopennesus. Now it's called Morea. Pliny says, that the Wine of this Country made Women mis∣carry; and Pausanias says, that such as washed in one of its Rivers called Slemnos, forgot their Amours. The Apostle St. Andrew is thought by many to have suffered in this Coun∣try, the Preachers of the same having Writ the History of his Passion, whereof they pretend to have been Witnesses. Lippo∣man, Saussay.
• * Achaia Propria, was a Province of the Peloponnessus, (Morea) extending from Cape Araxus (now Chiazenza) to the entrance of the Gulph of Corinth; on the West it had the Jonian Sea, on the North the said Gulph, (now Lepanto) on the East Sycy∣nia, and on the South Eis and Arcadia. It was first possessed by the Jonians, who were expelled by the Achaeans. It had once 12 Cities. This was first subject to Kings, then it be∣came a Common-Wealth, and was conquer'd by the Romans at the same time with Corinth; The Soil was much more fruit∣ful and pleasant than that of Corinthia.
• * Achais, a Town upon the East Shore of the Hyrcanian Sea, near the mouth of the River Oxus, call'd Heraclea, till repair'd by Seleucus, and call'd Achais.
• * Achains, King of Scotland, Son of Etfin, begun his Reign An. 787. He made Peace with the English and Picts, and be∣ing threatned by a War from Ireland, he sent Ambassadors to acquaint the Irish, that they had no just cause of War, see∣ing their Countrymen, whose death they pretended to revenge, had fallen by their own Weapons, while they disagreed about the Prey in Cantire, so that the loss, was not that so many of the Thieves were slain, but that any had escaped; but the Irish rejected the Embassy, and before the departure of the Ambassadors, rigged out their Fleet, which was totally de∣stroy'd by a Tempest, and the Irish forced to beg for the Peace which they formerly disdain'd. This Achaius was the first K. of Scotland that made a League with France, because the Saxons of Germany, and those who had settled in Britain, infested the French Coast with continual Piracies. Never was League better observ'd, nor longer continued, then this was on part of the Scots, who shewed so much readiness to Assist France on all Occasions, that it became a Proverb: He that would France win, must with Scotland first begin. There was great Amity betwixt this King Achaius, and Charles the Great of France, whose Tutor was the famous Joannes Scotus, of whom the said Charles had so great an opinion, that he sent for other Learned Men from Scotland, to Read Greek and Latin at Paris, as Clemens and others who were of great fame, there being at that time many Learned Persons in Scotland, the An∣cient Discipline being not quite extinguished there. Achaius assisted the Picts against the English with 10000 Men, and died An. 809. in the 32d year of his Reign. Buch.
• Achale, a Spanish Island near Malaga.
• Achaly, King of the Saracens, who succeeded Mahomet after Calipha, Anno 657.
• Acham, a Province of Africa, on the Coast of Zanguebar, subject to the Arabians.
• Achan, an Israelite of the Tribe of Judah, Son of Zerah, who stole the Wedge of Gold, &c. the Occasion of the Israelites defeat by the Men of Ai: But being detected, he, with his whole Family were stoned to death, and afterwards burnt, with his Sheep, Oxen, Asses, and all that belong'd unto him, in the Valley of Achor. Joshua VII.
• * Acharaca, a Village of the Nysfaenses, much noted for the Cavern dedicated to Pluto, surrounded with a sumptuous Grove, and a Temple Consecrated to Pluto and Juno. Strabo.
• Achard, Bishop of Auranches in Normandy, in the Twelfth Century. He was Godfather to Eleanor, Daughter to Henry II. King of England, afterwards Wife to Alphonso IX. K. of Castile. He died March 29. 1171. having writ several Books of Di∣vinity, and continued Sigebert's Chronicle. He was an Eng∣lishman by birth. Pits.
• * Acharnes, a Senator and Soldier of Rome, slain by the Soldiers, because saluting Marius, Marius did not resalute him, which was the Sign he had given to his Soldiers, that whomsoever he did not salute again, they should kill. Hence Lucan.

  —Spes una salutis, Oscula pollutae fixisse trementia dextrae.

• Achates, a River of Sicily, now Drillo, which gliding through the Valley of Noto, empties it self into the Sea be∣tween Terra Nova and Camarana, it was thought to have pro∣duced Precious Stones. Pliny speaks of an Agate found in this River with Apollo and the Nine Muses naturally Engrav'd upon it, and presented to Pyrrhus. Pliny, Sil, Ital.
• Achates, the Name of one of Aeneas's Companions, fre∣quently mentioned by Virgil in his Aeneids, so faithful to him, that it became a Proverb, Fidus Achates.
• * Achelous, Son of Oceanus and Thetis. He fought with Hercules for Deianira, but finding him too strong, he chang'd himself into a Serpent, and then into a Bull, one of whose Horns Hercules having cut off, he fled to the River Thoas, afterwards call'd Achelous by his Name. Strabo, Ovid.
• Achelous, a River rising out of Mount Pindus in Thessaly, separating Aetolia from Acharnania, and emptying it self into the Jonian Sea; so call'd from Achelous, Son of Oceanus and Thetis. It has two Mouths representing two Horns, and the Stream roars like a Bull, one of which Horns or Arms Her∣cules damming up, might give occasion to the Poets Fiction of Hercules cutting off his Rival Achelous's Horn, when he chang'd himself into a Bull in his Encounter with him for Deianira. Ovid, Strabo. There is another River of Pelopon∣nesus of this name.
• Achem, a City of Sumatra in India, in the furthest part of the Island, about 5 degr. from the Aequator. This City is by the Sea side, and has but one long Street. The Kings Palace is in the midst of the City, fortified with Ditches and Ram∣parts. In 1616, he put to Sea with 60000 Men in 200 Ships and 60 Galleys, and expell'd the Portuguese from the Fort in Pacem, He also besieged Malaca often. Linschot mentions a Piece of Artillery which this King sent to his Son in Law the King of Siam, admirable for Workmanship, and sur∣passing all that we have in Europe. It was afterward taken by the Portuguese.
• Achemenes, first King of Persia, whose Posterity continued Kings thereof successively till Darius. Herodotus.
• Achemenides, or Achaemenides, Companion of Ulysses, Son of Admastus and Ithaca. Being left by Ulysses in the Land of the Cyclops, fed upon Grass, Roots, and Wild Fruits, till seeing Aeneas's Fleet pass by, he got on board, and sail'd with him into Italy. Virgil. Ovid.
• Achemon, or Achmon, Brother of Basalas, both Cercopi∣ans, and so Quarrelsom, that they fell upon every one they met. Their Mother Sennonis the Prophetess, knowing their Disposition, advised them to have a care of a Man that was Melampyx, i. e. Black Breech'd: Accordingly finding Her∣cules asleep under a Tree, they fell upon him; but he suddenly starting up, catch'd hold of 'em, and bound 'em, hanging 'em upon his Club at his Back, with their Heads downwards like a couple of Hares; when, perceiving his Breech all Black and Hairy, they remember'd one another of their Mothers Caution, which put Hercules into such a fit of Laugh∣ter, that he let 'em go. Hence came the Proverb: Ne in Me∣lampygum incidas. Suidas and Nazianzen.
• * Achenry, an Irish Town of the County of Slego in the Pro∣vince of Connaught. It stands about 16 miles South of Slego, but is very much decay'd, especially since its Episcopal See was united to Elphin in Roscommon.
• Achequi, King of Japan. He murder'd Nobienanga the lawful Sovereign, because he would be ador'd like a God.

• A Lieutenant of the deceased King, adhering to his Son, fought Achequi and worsted him, who thereupon flying, was slain by the Country People. Mendoza.
• Acheron, a River of Epirus, rising out of the Lake Ache∣rusia, and, swell'd with several other Rivers, empties it self into the Bay of Ambracia. The Poets feign'd it to be the Son of Ceres whom she hid in Hell, for fear of the Titans that threatned the destruction of her Family, and turn'd into a River, over which Souls departed, were ferry'd: Of which Virg.

  Flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo.

• The Name is thought to come from a Hebrew word signify∣ing the Last, the Ancients placing Hell in Epirus, because the Mines there consumed abundance of Slaves, whence they gave this Name to certain Pools and Rivers which they passed to these Mines, as being never to return again. Gyraldus and Nat. Comes treat largely of it in their Mythologies. The Water is of a bluish colour, and emits unwholesom Steams. Bibl. Un. T. 1.
• Acherrez, King of Aegypt; in Scripture call'd Pharaoh; the same that so often refus'd to let the Israelites go, and was drown'd in the Red Sea with all his Host. See Pharaoh.
• Acherusia, now Lago de la Colluccia, a Lake in Campania, between the two ruined Cities, Miserium and Cumae. Also a Lake in Epirus whence Acheron flows. Likewise a Cavern in Bithynia near Heraclea, through which Hercules drew Cerberus out of Hell, at the mouth of the Lake of the same name, where Charon kept his Ferry. Diodorus Siculus de Sepuleris Ae∣gyptiorum says, that the People of Heliopolis used to send their dead over a Lake called Acherusia, to be buried on the other side, and in their Language the Boat was called Baris, and the Boatman Charon, whence came the Fable of his carrying Souls over that River to Hell.
• Acheus, Cousin to Antiochus the Great, who intrusted him with the Government of the Country beyond Mount Taurus, where having made himself Popular, he usurpt the Title of King of Assyria, and maintain'd War against Antiochus 7 or 8 years, but being at length overcome, he held out Sardis two years, but being betray'd by Bolis of Crete, was beheaded by Antiochus, who put his Corps in an Asses Skin, and hanged it on a Gibbet. Polyb. Hist.
• Achill Islands, so they call certain Isles in the West of Ireland, belonging to the County of Mayo in the Province of Connaught.
• Achillaeum, now Capo di Croce, a Promontory of Asiatick Sarmatia in the Cimmerian Bosphorus, at the mouth of the Pa∣lus Maeotis. Also a Town of Troas, not far from Achilles's Tomb, built by the Inhabitants of Mitylene.
• Achillas, a Captain under the last of the Ptolemies Kings of Aegypt, at whose instigation he murder'd Pompey. Plut. Luc.
• Achillea, a Fountain near Miletum, whose Waters are brackish in the Spring, and sweet in the Stream, so call'd from Achilles who bath'd himself in it, after he had defeated Strambelus, Son of Telamon, who carried Succour to the Les∣bians. Quintus Curtius.
• Achillea, Achilles his Race, a Peninsula not far from the mouth of the Borysthenes, where Achilles used to Exercise him∣self and his Men by Running in time of Peace. It was since Consecrated to him, and if any happened to land in it, they returned as soon as they had perform'd their Oblations, no Man being able to stay in it a night without hazard of his Life. Pliny and Strabo say, that no Fowl is ever seen in it.
• Achilleius, a Roman Captain. Being sent into Aegypt, he assumed the Title of Emperor, and Rebell'd against Dioclesian, who taking him, caus'd him to be devour'd of Lions. An. 296. Pomponius Leca.
• Achilles, a Grecian Prince, Son of Peleus and Thetis. His Mother dipt him, when an Infant, all over in the River Styx, except the Heel which she held by, to make him Invulnerable: Afterwards put him to the Centaur Chiron, to be taught Phy∣sick, Musick, and the Art of War, who fed him with Lions Marrow to make him Couragious. But his Mother being inform'd by the Oracle, that he should be slain at the Siege of Troy, hid him in Women's Apparel, among the Daughters of Lycomede, where he deflower'd Deianira: But being disco∣ver'd by Ulysses, who presented him with Jewels and Arms, whence he discovered himself by chusing the latter, and thereupon he was forced to go, his Mother having first got him Arms from Vulcan that were impenetrable. Disgusted at Agamemnon for taking Briscis from him, he withdrew himself from before Troy, and could not be found, till hearing of the death of his Friend Patroclus, he return'd and slew Hector, dragging his Body at his Chariot three times round the Walls of Troy, and afterwards sold it to Priamus. At last, Paris Brother to Hector shot him treacherously with an Arrow in that part of the Heel, which his Mother held in her Hand, when she dipt him in the River Styx, to make him invulne∣rable. Achilles when shot was in Apollo's Temple upon his Knees, expecting Polyxena, Priam's Daughter, in Marriage, whence a Peace was to have been concluded. Homer. Achilles became an Appellative afterwards to Great Captains, as Lusicius, Acinius, Dentatus, and Quintus Cotius: his Funerals were Celebrated by the Thessalian Youth with Garlands of the Flower called Everlasting. See Tatius, Homer, Virgil, Ovid.
• Achillini, (Claudius) of Bolognia, Grandchild to Alexan∣der, a great Philosopher, a Learned Divine, an Excellent Lawyer, an Eloquent Oratour, a good Mathematician, and a most ingenious Poet, admired by Pope Urban VIII. and the Duke of Parma, for his Delicacy of Wit and Strength of Fancy. He died in 1640, in the 63d year of his Age. Bumald. Loren. Crass.
• * Achim, Son of Sadoc, and Father of Eliud. See the Ge∣nealogy, Matth. 1.
• Achior, Captain of the Ammonites. He so disgusted Holo∣phernes with speaking in behalf of the Israelites, that he for∣bid him his Presence, and order'd him to be sent to Bethulia, where he design'd to destroy him with the rest of the Inhabi∣tants. After Holophernes was dead, and his Army discomfited, Achior was Circumcised. Judith. Salian.
• Achmet, Eldest Son of Bajazet II. ninth Emperor of the Turks, Strangl'd by Selim his younger Brother, who did the same by his Father to make way to the Crown, An. 1513. Paul. Jov.
• Achmer, First of that Name, Emperor of the Turks. He succeded his Father Mahomet III. at 15 years of Age. The Sophy of Persia, taking advantage of his Youth, took from him Tauris and Ertzerum. Achmet Strangl'd Cigala Bassa, whom he sent to oppose him, because of his not having Ac∣quitted himself well. He also recovered Transilvania, Va∣lachia, and Moldavia, by means of Bostcay who rebelled against the Emperor. Being beset on every side, he rais'd 4 Armies, to be employed 4 several ways, but every one miscarried; and while he was meditating greater Designs, he died, Nov. 15. 1617. in the 30th year of his Age, and 14th of his Reign. He was a Magnificent Prince, and built one of the most Stately Mosques in Constantinople, which was contrary to the Mahometan Law, he having never Personally won a Battle in the Field. It's the Stateliest Temple that ever the Turks built, and called the Temple of the Unbeliever, because Achmet would not listen to the Mufti, who opposed the building of it as against their Law. It's the only Mosque which hath 6 Towers, and each Tower 3 Galleries: They are of White Stone like Marble, of a prodigious height, and very slender, whence its wondred that they have not been overturned by Wind. Grelot. Voyage Constantinople.
• * Achmet, Bassa, made Grand-Visier, by Removal of Rustan; but was soon after put to death, and Rustan Restored, though Solyman had promised him he should never be removed. At his Death he was very unconcerned, and would not let the Executioners touch him, but desir'd one of his Friends to do the Office for him.
• Achmet Cupergli Pacha, Grand-Visier, succeeded his Fa∣ther Mahomet in 1663, in the 22d year of his Age, much re∣spected both in the Divan and Army. He took N••whausel, Fort-Serini, and Little Comorra in Hungary. At the Battle of St. Godard he slew 3 Officers that Mutinied, at the Head of his Army. He renewed Peace with the Emperor in 1664. In 1666 he went to Candy, which he subdu'd, though it had resisted the Attacks of the Turks formerly for 25 years. He died in 1676 of a Dropsie, by the immoderate drinking of a sort of Cinnamon Water, having left off Wine, which he us'd to drink to excess. The Valour which the French shewed in defence of Candie occasioned his Advising the Sultan to seek their Alliance, which hath continued since. He was much envied by other Ministers, who created a Jealousie of him in the Grand Signior, but he overcame them all. The last publick Action of this great Minister was the making a Peace with Poland. Histoire des Grands Visiers.
• Acho, King of Norway. He took two of the Hebrides from the Scots; and afterwards invading that Kingdom with a Fleet of 500 Ships, took the Castle of Aire; but was routed by Alexander III. in 1263, who kill'd and took Prisoners 24000 of his Men, he himself escaping with 4 Ships only into the Orcades: However he design'd to reinvade 'em the next Spring, but was arrested by death, and that Kingdom deliver'd from a dangerous Enemy. Boetius.
• Acholius, Archbishop of Thessalonica, in the Fourth Cen∣tury, born in Cappadocia. He shut himself up in a Monastery when very young, but grew so famous for his Learning and Piety that he was soon remov'd. Theodosius the Great falling sick at Thessalonica, was baptized by him, and soon after pub∣lish'd a Decree there, dated Feb. 28. 380. that all under his Obedience should turn Christians. He was present at the General Council at Constantinople in 381, and that of Rome under Pope Damasus in 382, where he came acquainted with St. Ambrose. He died soon after, and Anisius succeeded him. Sozomen. Baronius.
• Achomat, Son of Chersekius, a Petty King of Illyria. His Father having seen the Lady that he was just going to be Married to, fell so desperately in Love with her, that he es∣poused her the same day against all her Friends will: Which so enraged the young Prince, that he turn'd Turk, changing the Name of Stephen for that of Achomet, and got so far into Ba∣jazet

• Second's favour, that he gave him his Daughter. He retained notwithstanding a favour to the Christians, and re∣leased several Venetian Gentlemen, who were designed for Slaughter, besides a great many Slaves, persuaded the Sultan to make a Peace with the Venetians, and obtain'd Liberty for Jo••n Lascaris to Visit all the Libraries in Greece, at the desire of Pope Leo X. Paul. Jov.
• Achor, a Valley in the hither part of the Tribe of Ben∣jamin, extending it self towards the River Jordan, where Achan was Stoned to Death. Joshua.
• Achradina, a part of Syracuse so call'd, encompass'd with strong Walls, and adorn'd with Beautiful Palaces and Temples. Titus Livius.
• A••••••ida. Achris, Achridus, a City in Macedonia, by the Turks call'd Gius•• ••ndi, and since Justiniana from Justi∣nian, who was born there, and made it the Metropolis of Mac••don••a and Bulgaria. 'Tis seated upon a high Hill, near the Lake of Lyc••n••dus, 118 miles Eastward of Dyrrachium, a strong and populous City, govern'd by a Sangiac. L. Mirc.
• A••hsap••, a Petty Regency of the Canaanites, subdu'd by Joshua. In the Division of the Land, it fell to Asher's Lot.
• ••••hy••u••, now Achyr, a City of Poland, upon the River W••rs••••••w, in the Lower Volhinia, bordering upon Moscovy, with a strong Castle, about 25 Polonian Leagues North of Borys•••• n••s.
• * ••••••a••onda, a Town in the East-In••ies, beyond Ga••ges, upon the Shore of B••ngala, in the Kingdom of Pegu, with a convenient Harbour, 80 miles South of Aracham.
• * Acid••••ia, Venus so call'd from a Fountain in Baeotia, where∣in the Graces bathed themselves, which was dedicated to her by the O••chomenian••. S••rv••••s in Aen••••d.
• ••••••••us, Head of the Illustrious Family of the Acilii in Rome.
• A••••lius ••all••••, Consul with Portius Cato, in 639, ab U. C. in whose Consulship it rain'd Blood and Milk. Plin.
• * A••lius, (Ca••u) Butas, once Pretor. He became so poor that he was forced to beg the Assistance of T••b••rius, who dis∣miss'd him with this cold Answer, You are wak'd a little too late, alluding to his former custom of turning day into night. S••••ton.
• A••••lius, (C••••••••s) Gl••••rio, Tribune of the People with Q. M••nut••us Thermus, U. C. 533. Dec••••mv••r 554. Pretor 558. and Consul with P. Cornel••••s Scipio Nasica in 562. He also stood for the Censorship with Cato, but lost it. He overcame An∣•••••••••••• at Th••rmop••••a, for which he Triumph'd, and publick Thanksgivings were ordered for 3 days.
• A••••lius C••ius, a Valiant Soldier in Julius Caesar's Army, who Signaliz'd himself in a Seafight near Mars ill••, having seised one of the Enemies Ships with his Right Hand which they cut off, he laid hold on it with the other, and leaping up upon the Hatches, made all those who ventured to come near him, retire with his Buckler. Su ton.
• A••••lius G•••••••••••• M••••••••e, M. f. D••••n. v••r, who built a Temple in the Herb Market, according to his Fathers Vow when he de••ea••ed K. Anti••ch••s at Th••rm••py••e, and therein placed a Gilded Statue to his Father, the first that ever was in Italy. U. C. 573. The Temple was built in that place where formerly a Woman had preserved her Fathers Life by giving him Suck when she went to see him, the Senate having forbid him all manner of Sustenance; whereupon he was pardoned. Val. Maximus.
• * A••••lius Gl••b••io, (Marcu••.) He made a severe Law against Bribery, not allowing the Person accused to traverse the In∣dictment.
• * A••••lius Glabrio, (Marcus) Consul U. C. 843. under Domi∣tian, and Colleague with Ulpius Trajanus. Domitian kill'd this Acilius's Son under pretence that he fought with Wild Beasts, but really because he dreaded his Strength, having kill'd a Lion in Africa.
• A••is, Son of Faunus and Simetheis, a Beautiful Shepherd of Sicily, whom Polyph••mus the Giant was so enraged at, on Galateas account, that he dash'd his Brains out against a Rock. Afterwards Galatea turn'd him into a River of his own name, rising in the Valley of Demona, and falling into the Jonian Sea, between Catania and Tauromentum, now call'd Freddo. Ovid.
• * A••itani, an ancient People of Spain, who worshipp'd Mars by an Image with Rayes. Macrob.
• * Ackersundr, a small Island on the South of Norway toward Frederickstadt.
• * Acme, a Jewish Maid, Servant to Julius Caesar's Wife. Corrupted by Antipater, Herod's Son, she accus'd Salome He∣rod's Sister, of a Conspiracy, but the Fallacy being found out, Acme was put to death by Caesar. Jos••phus.
• * Acu••••nia, a City of Dacia, upon the Danube, near Tra∣jan's Bridge, built by S••verus the Emperor, 12 Leagues East of T••meswar. Also a Bishop's Seat in Phrygia Major, under the Archbishop of Laodicea, bordering upon Eumenia. Lon. 59. 50. Lat. 39. 20.
• Acoime••ae, a Society of Monks, first Establish'd at Con∣stantinople in 459 in the time of Gennadius: so call'd because they continued Night and Day by Turns in the Temple Sing∣ing, and Praising God. They were founded either by Alex∣ander Abbot of Apamia, or by his Successor Marcellus. In 484 they opposed Acacius, Patriarch of Constantinople, who revolted from the Church, and in the Sixth Century they fell themselves into the Errors of Nestorius, and were Condemned by the Emperor Justinian and Pope John II. in 532. Some say that they never allowed themselves any sleep, but it was only because they continued by turns at their Devotion with∣out intermission. Du Cange.
• Acolytae, the Stoicks so call'd by the Greeks, because they would never alter their Opinions; afterwards apply'd to such as continued permanent in the Faith: And also an Inferior Order mention'd in the Fourth Council of Carthage. Ba∣ronius.
• * Acoma, a Town of North America in Mexico, seated on a high Mountain in the Midland, having a fortified Castle, is subject to the Spaniards, and Metropolis of the Province; it is commonly called St. Steven d' Acoma. Baudrand.
• * Acona, a little Town and Castle in Lower Saxony, two miles from D••ssau.
• * Acone, or Aconae, a Port and Town in Bythynia, upon the Euxine Sea, near Heraclea Pontica, supposed to be that which we now call Lagula, 20 miles East of Heraclea. It is famous for Noxious Herbs; hence Aconitum.
• * Aconis, a Mountain in Bithynia near to Heraclea, where the Poisonous Herb Aconitum grows.
• Aco••••••••s, a young Man of Crete, who going to Delos, to pay his Vows at Diana's Temple, fell in Love with Cyaippe, who was much above his Condition; but not knowing how to obtain her, writ these two Verses on a Golden Apple, that she might read them, and so inadvertently swear to Marry him.

  Juro tibi Sane per Mystica Sacra Dianae, M•• t••bi V••nturam Comitem, sponsamque futuram.

• And threw it into her Lap, which reading, she engag'd her self by Oath, and was constrain'd to Marry him. Ovid Epist.
• Acosta, (Christopher.) Vid. Costa.
• Acos••a, (Jos ph) a Jesuit, born at Medina del Campo in the Kingdom of L••on. He took Orders at Salamanca, and far ex∣ceeded his four Brothers, who were also Jesuits. After he had taught a long time in Spain, he was sent into the Indies, where he was made Provincial of Peru, and spent 17 years in Converting those Infidels. After this returning into Spain, he was made Rector of the College of Salamanca, in which Station he died in 1599. Anno Aetatis 60. leaving several Works behind him, and particularly a Natural and Moral History of the Indies. Ribadaneira.
• Acosta, or Zacosta, (Peter Raymund) a Spaniard, born at Em∣posta in Castile, and Grand Master of Malta. He built St. Ni∣cholas Tower at the Mouth of the Haven of Rhodes, where the Col••ssus formerly stood. He refus'd to make a Peace with the Turks, though on fair Conditions, and died at Rome 1467, having come thither to hold a Grand Chapter of the Order. Bossio.
• Acquapendente, a City in St. Peters Patrimony abounding with Water, whence it has its name. It's seated on a high Ground by the River Pelia, was made a Bishops See in 1650, and is 40 miles from Senis.
• Acquaria, or Acquarium, a little City of Italy in the Coun∣try of Frignana, in the Dukedom of Mantua, famous for the Medicinal Springs that rise in the Neighbouring Fields.
• A••qui, a City of Italy, famous for its hot Baths, frequented in May and September, in the Dukedom of Montferrat, subject to the D. of Mantua. It stands upon the River Bormia near the Appennine, and is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan. It is 16 miles North East of Asta.
• * Acra Iapygia, or Japygiam Promontorium, a Promontory of Salentinum in Graecia Major, call'd now Capo S. Maria, or S. Maria de Leuca, a Promontory of the Salentines, 60 miles West from the nearest Shore of Epirus, 24 East of Gallipolis, and 9 South of Alexano.
• * Acrath, or Bedez Velez, now Gomera, a City in the King∣dom of Fez, in the Province of Errifis, upon the Mediterra∣nean Sea, 30 Spanish Leagues from Malaga. Long. 15. 50. Lat. 34. 55. It's under the Spaniards. Baudrand.
• Ac••atos, The Genius of the Athenian Bacchantes or Drun∣kards. He was painted with nothing but his Mouth out of the Wall, to shew they made their Belly their God. Pausa∣nias.
• * Acratus, a Servant of Nero's, so atrociously Wicked, that his Master made chief use of him in all his Prophanati∣ons of the Sacred Rites and Temples, and Robbing the Dei∣ties of their Gifts and Images.
• Acre, St. John de Acre, Acon, and Ptolemais, an Episcopal City of Palaestine, under the Archbishop of Tyre; so ancient and large, that Strabo says the Persians intrench'd themselves there in their Wars against the Aegyptians. In the times of the Romans it was a Colony of the Emperor Claudius, after∣wards falling into the hands of the Arabian Turks, they kept it till the Holy War, when it was retaken by the Christians, March 24. An. 1104. In 1187 the Turks under Saladin took

• it a second time, and it was retaken July 13. 1191, by Guy K. of Jerusalem, Richard K. of England, and Philip K. of France, but the Christians not agreeing to whom it should belong, Sultan Melech Seraf took it the third time, and demolish'd it. The Town is well fortified, hath a good Ha∣ven, and was a place of extraordinary Trade. The Haven is a Gulph in form of an Arch, 6 Leagues wide to the City of Cayphas on the other side. It was once the best of Syria, but now the Mole being ruined, it's full of dangerous Shelves. At the entry there is a Mosque, and near that abundance of Marble Pillars of all colours lie in ruines; throughout the whole are to be seen the Vestiges of Ancient Churches, and Magnificent Structures, as the Arsenal of the Galleys, the Palace of the Knights of St. John, and of the Templers, and those of 19 or 20 Sovereign Christian Princes, either themselves or Ministers, having inhabited here from 1191, to 1291; about 300 paces from the City is the mouth of the River Padiga, whose Sand is good for making Glass, which was discovered by some Seamen, who mixing it with Nitre to make a stand for their Kettle, perceived it melt like Glass with the heat, and thereupon made Glass of the same; And sometimes Italian Vessels load with it for that end. It is si∣tuated in a fruitful Plain, and well Watered from the Neigh∣bouring Mountains. Do••bdan Voiage de la Terre Sainte.
• Acridophagi, a People of Aethiopia, so call'd from their eating Locusts, which they catch in the Spring, when the East Wind blows, and salt 'em up for all the year. They are a light, nimble, swift, short-lived People, and die having their Guts eat out by Worms. They have no other manner of Nournishment, for the Country affords no Cattle nor Fish, and live near the Desert. Their manner of death, which seems incredible, is related thus; That at the 40th year, which few of them exceed, a sort of Winged Vermin, of different shapes, loathsom to the sight, eats up their Bodies, beginning first at their Belly. When their end approaches, the Patient is first attacqued with an extraordinary Itching, which makes them scratch till the Blood comes, with which issues such abundance of Vermin that they cannot be cleansed, and so the Miserable People tear up their own Bowels. This Distemper is thought to proceed partly from the Air, and partly from the Food. Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, Pliny, and St. Jerom mentions also such kind of People.
• Acrisius, King of Argos, Son of Abas; being told by the Oracle, that he should be kill'd by his Grandchild, he caus'd his only Daughter Danae to be lock'd up in a Brazen Tower, that none might come at her: But Jupiter, finding his way through the Tiles in a Golden Shower, begot Perseus on her, whom Acrisius put, together with his Mother, into a Chest, and threw them into the Sea, which cast it luckily upon the Island of the Cyclades, where a Fisherman found, and pre∣sented it to Pilumnus King of those Islands, who falling in Love with Danae, Married her. After Perseus had slain the Gorgons, he carried Medusa's Head to Argos, which Acrisius seeing was turn'd into a Stone. Natalis Comes.
• * Acroathon, by the Greoks call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Holy Moun∣tain, now Cima di Monte Santo, a Hill in that part of Macedon call'd Jamboli, where is a large Monastery of the Greeks. Solinus writes, that the Inhabitants live half as long again as other Men, and that the Dust of that place is neither moved by Water nor Wind.
• Acroceraunia Iuga, now Monti de le Chimere, or Montes Diaboli; a Ridge of Mountains between Albania and Epirus. The Inhabitants are barbarous, and live on Robbing by Sea and Land.
• Acro-Corinthus, a Mountain hanging over Corinth, serv∣ing for a Cittadel, being encompass'd with a Wall; On the top of the Hill was a Temple dedicated to Venus. Strabo.
• Acron, a Captain or King of the Ceninates near Rome, who took Arms against Romulus, for having taken 643 of their Women and Virgins at some Festivals, because they would give him and his People no Wives. Romulus kill'd him in Battle with his own hand, and Consecrated his Spoils to Ju∣piter Pheretrien.
• Acron, a Physician and Mathematician of Freezland, 1563. who wrote De Terrae Motu, De Sphaera, De Astrolabii & annuli Astronomici confectione. Valere Andre. Bibl. Belg.
• Acron, of Agrigentum a City of Sicily, a famous Physician, in the Reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus King of Persia. He flourish'd Anno 310 ab U. C. and was Founder of the Sect of Empiricks, who took their name from Experiments, and wrote some Tracts of Physick in the Dorick Dialect. He freed Athens of the Plague by Perfumes which he had learnt from the Egyptians to purifie the Air with. He demanded Leave to build him a Tomb in the City, which was granted, tho' Empedocles opposed it as singular. The said Empedocles ask'd at Acron if he would be content with this Epitaph:

  Acronem summum Medicum summo patre Natum, In summa tumulus summus habet patria.

  Suidas, Plutarch.

• * Acronius, an Island just below Constance upon the Rhine, not above 12 miles long, where were the chief Schools of Germany, belonging to the Order of St. Benedict. The Lake of Constance about 40 miles long is also called by this Name. Hoffman.
• Acropolis, a Fortress belonging to Athens, built upon a steep Rock, having but one ascent. At the bottom whereof stood the rich and beautiful Temples of Minerva and Victory without Wings, because Theseus killing the Minotaur, was not heard of till he came himself. Close by was the Wall from whence Aegeus threw himself headlong, thinking his Son Theseus had been slain. Minerva's Temple is yet in being, and twice as long as broad; it has a Portal quite round, sustain'd by Pillars; The whole Sructure within and without is very Magnificent, and adorned with abundance of Figures by the best Masters of Antiquity. Pausanias.
• Acrotatus, Son of Cleomenes, K. of Lacedaemon, who oppo∣sing the Power of the Ephori, was expell'd the City; and sailing for Sicily, was driven by contrary Winds, into Italy, where settling in Tarentum, he obtain'd the Supream Govern∣ment, but through ill management was quickly deposed, and sent back to Lacedaemon, where he died before his Father, leaving Areus his Son to succeed his Grandfather Cleomenes. Plut.
• * Acrotatus, Son of Areus, and Grandchild of the forego∣ing Acrotatus. Chelidonis, Wife of Cleonymus, Uncle to Acro∣tatus and King of Sparta, fell desperately in Love with him, which Cleonymus not enduring, sent for Pyrrhus to revenge his Quarrel, who came and besieged Sparta, but being beat off by Acrotatus and defeated, the Spartans highly applauded him, and wish'd him success in his Amours with Chelidonis. Plutarch.
• Acsar, Acserai, Amzarba, a City of Cilicia upon the River Pyramus, formerly an Archbishops See, under the Patriarch of Antioch, now ruined by the Turks. Long. 64. 20. Lat. 38. 50. The famous Dioscorides, the Physician, was born here. It is 18 miles East of Flaviada.
• Acsteda, or Acsteed, a Town in Germany, in the Dukedom of Bremen, subject to the Swedes, 6 German miles from Bremen Northward.
• Actaeon, Son of Aristeus and Autonee, a great Hunter. Diana turn'd him into a Stag, for looking upon her as she was Bathing, and he was afterwards torn in pieces by his own Dogs. Ovid Metam. Some think that the Fable is de∣sign'd against those who ruine their Estates by Nourishing Dogs, and searching into Curiosities.
• Ac••aeon, Son of Melissus, and Grandchild of Abron, the most beautiful and modest Boy of his time, being passionately belov'd by Archias the richest of the Corinthians, he would not yield to his brutish desires, whereupon endeavouring to take him by force, the Boy was pull'd in pieces. Plutarch in Amatoriis. Melissus carried the Corps of his Son to Corinth to demand Justice, but Archias being too potent there, he could not obtain it, whereupon he upbraided the Corinthians with what Abron had done for them on a Festival day, and then threw himself into the Sea. The Corinthians were af∣terwards visited with Pestilence and Famine, and Archias was obliged to retire before it ceased.
• * Acte, a Female Bondslave, set free by Nero, and so lov'd by him, that he would have Married her; for that end en∣deavouring to persuade the Senate that she was Royally de∣scended. Sueton.
• Actia, Mother of Augustus. Sleeping in the Temple of Apollo, she dream'd that she had lain with a Dragon; and before she was brought to Bed dream'd again, that her Bowels were carried into the Air, and scatter'd all over the World. Sueton.
• Actisanes. He made himself King of Aethiopia, in the time of Jephtha, by the expulsion of Ammosis. He punish'd Offenders, especially Thieves and Robbers, by cutting off their Noses, and banishing them to a Rhinocorura, a place so call'd from their cut Noses, that others might avoid their Conversation. Diodor. Sicul.
• Actium, a Promontory of Epirus, now Capo Figulo, where was anciently a Temple of Apollo. Near this Place Augustus overcame Mark Antony, built the City Nicopolis in Memory of the Victory, instituted the Actian Games to be solemniz'd every 5 years, and repaired the Temple of Apollo, new De∣dicating it to Mars and Neptune. This Battle was fought Anno Mundi 4024. 30 before Christ, the 2d of September, 14 days after an Ecclipse of the Sun at Rome, whence begins the Actiaque Epocha. Strabo. Dion.
• Actius Naevius, an Augur in Tarquin I's. time. He cut a Whetstone in two with a Razor, to Confirm the Science of Augury, which Tarquin discredited, and had a Statue erected in Honour of him. Florus. Diodorus. Some think this was only a Trick betwixt Tarquin and him; And others say, that Tarquin caused him to be murdered after this Expe∣riment.
• Actius Tullius, Prince of the Volsci, who entertain'd Co∣riolanus being banish'd Rome. Going against the Romans, he took several Towns, and besieged Rome it self, having en∣gaged the Volsci in this War by a Stratagem, in causing the Romans to affront the Volsci when they came to the Circean Games, under pretence that they had some Treasonable Desig•• against Rome in favour of Coriolanus, which so en∣raged

• the Volsci, that they took Arms to revenge themselves, and besieged Rome under the Conduct of Coriolanus. Dionis. Halicarnass.
• * Acton, (Ralph) was bred at Oxford, where he attain'd to the Degree of Doctor of Divinity, he liv'd in the 14th Age, and is noted for checking in those early times the Su∣perstitions and Errors of the Church of Rome.
• * Actorides, Patroclus so call'd, Son of Menetius and Grand∣child of Actor. Also two Brothers, Charioteers, so unani∣mous, that one held the Reins, the other the Whip, which caus'd 'em to be pictured with two Heads, four Hands, and one Body, to represent Unity. Pindarus.
• Acusilaus, and Damageras, two Brothers, Sons of Dia∣goras, both Victorious in the Olympick Games, and much Honour'd by the Greeks for their Valour. They threw Flowers upon their Father Diagoras, and called him Blessed in having two such Sons.
• Acusilaus, an Athenian Rhetorician. He came to Rome in the time of the Emperor Galba, and grew so rich by keeping School, that when he died he left the Athenians 100000 Crowns. Gronovius, Colonia.
• * Acuum Promontorium, or Capo des Aiguilles, the furthest part of the Cape of Good Hope in the Southern Africa.

• Ada, Countess of Holland, succeeded her Father Thierry VII. 1203. she Married a Count of Loes, which so displeased her Subjects and Neighbouring Princes, that they set up her Uncle William I. against her, who made himself Master of Holland about 1204. Grotius.
• Adad, the God of the Assyrians, signifying One in their Language; allowing him for Wife the Goddess Adargyris; by the first intimating the Sun, by the second the Earth. They Pictur'd Adad with Beams shooting downwards, and Adargyris with Rays shooting upwards, to shew that all Earthy Productions were owing to the Influence of the Sun. Macrob.
• Adad, or Hadad, first of that Name, K. of Damascus and Sy∣ria, who coming to Help Hadadezer K. of Zobath against David, was overcome with the loss of 22000 of his Men. It is thought that this Adad was the K. of Syria mentioned in Scripture by the name of Benhadad, whom the Assyrians had so much Respect for, that they Ador'd him after his Death, as was usual amongst them. Josephus.
• * Adalgarius, a Monk, afterwards Bishop of Bremen, be∣ing Cited to Rome by Formosus to vindicate his Right to the Church of Bremen, he neither went, nor sent. He instituted a Colledge of Preachers to propagate the Christian Religion in the North. He governed the Church of Bremen 20 years, and died Anno 909. Hoffman.
• Adaldagus, Archbishop of Hamburgh, and Chancellor to Three Emperors. He was Author of many of the good Laws they made, and erected three Bishopricks in Jutland, a Province of Denmark, viz. Sleswick, Ripen, and Arhusen. Crantz.
• Adam, the Name of the first Man whom God created, signifying Red Earth, to denote his Extraction. Some pre∣sume to say, that he fell on the 13th day of the World being Friday, and that he was buried in a Cave in Mount Calvarie, where Christ was Crucified. Torniel and Baronius say, Ori∣gen, Athanasius, and several of the Fathers, were of this Opinion. They add, that he had a perfect knowledge in all Sciences, and specially in Astrology, which he taught his Children, and they theirs. Josephus says he Engraved his Observations of the Stars in two Tables, from which Enoch form'd a Treatise, but Augustin thinks this not probable. Epiphanius mentions several Books ascrib'd to Adam by the Ancient Gnosticks and Caballists, with whom some Mahume∣tan Doctors agree; Some of the Jewish Caballists say, that he was instructed by the Angel Raziel, and ascribe a parti∣cular Angel to each Patriarch.
• * Adam, by the Greeks call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by the Latins Saturnus, by the Germans Mannus, by the French Dis; In three of his Sons are found the Vestiges of the three Sons of Saturnus mentioned by the Heathen Authors, viz. Abel; Pluto, the first who was delivered to death, that is according to them, to the Infernal Gods. Cain, Neptune, dwelling in the Land of Nod, a Vagabond and unstable. Seth, Jupiter, the Father of the Sons of God, in whose Family God was called upon. Hornius.
• * Adam, Sirnamed of Orlton, was born at Hereford in the 14th Age, proceeding Doctor of Law he became afterwards Bishop of Hereford, Worcester, and Winchester, he occasion'd much trouble in the Kingdom, and was the Author of that Ambiguous Answer which cost K. Edward II. his Life; Ed∣wardum Regem occidere nolite timere bonum est, which may be interpreted either for or against the Design. He liv'd blind for several years, and died in that condition unlamented 1375.
• Adam, or Adamantio, a Learned Austin Frier, born at Florence. He spoke Hebrew and Greek as fluent as his Native Language; was present at the Council of Trent, as Ambassa∣dor from the Swiss Catholick Cantons; and was sent for to Rome by Gregory XIII. to Translate and Correct the Hebrew Talmud, but died before he had finish'd it, Jan. 15. 1581.
• Adam of Bremen, Canon of the Church of Bremen about the year 1070. He wrote a Church History from Charle∣maign to the time of Henry IV. Emperor of Germany, and is quoted by Baronius as Authentick. He Dedicated his Work to Liemarus Bishop of Bremen, telling him in the Conclusion, that he writ it when very young; It gives an account of the propagation of the Christian Religion in Denmark and the North. Baronius.
• Adaman••aea. She Nurs'd Jove in the Isle of Crete, hanging his Cradle in the top of a Tree, that his Father Saturn, who had threatn'd his destruction, might not find him either in Heaven, Earth, or the Sea; causing Boys to go round the Tree, rattling Drums, and clattering their Shields, to drown the Noise of his Crying. Hyginus.
• Adamites, a Sect of Hereticks that imitate Adam's Naked∣ness before his Fall, believing themselves as Innocent sinc•• their Redemption by the Death of Christ, and therefore meet together naked upon all occasions, asserting, that if Adam had not Sinn'd, there would have been no Marriages. They sprung from the Carpocratians and Gnosticks, and followed the Errors of an infamous Villain called Prodicus. They gave the Name of Deity to the Four Elements; re∣jected Prayer; and said it was not necessary to Confess Jesus Christ. This Sect was renewed at Antwerp by one Tandeme, who being followed by 3000 Soldiers, ravished Women and Maids, calling their Villanies by Spiritual Names. One Pikard a Flandrian renewed it also in Bohemia, whence they spread into Poland. They were said to meet in the night, and use these words, Swear forswear, and discover not the Se∣cret. Baronius. Boter.
• * Adams, (Sir Thomas) was born at Wem in Shropshire, and bred a Draper in London, whereof he became Lord Mayor. King Charles the Second before his return Knight∣ed him at the Hague, being sent thither a Commissioner from the City of London. He gave the House he was born in, to be a Free-School, and Liberally Endow'd it for that purpose.
• * Adams, (William) was an Eminent Seaman of our Nation, born at Gallingham in Kent in the 16th Age. He was the first Englishman who effectually discover'd Japan, to which remote Island he began his Voyage Anno 1598, and where he died about the year 1612.
• Adar, the 12th Month of the Hebrews, answering to our February, the 14 and 15 days whereof were remarkable for their Feast of Purim.
• Adargatis, Adergatis, or Atergatis, a Syrian Goddess, half Human shape and half a Fish, worshipp'd by the People of Edessa and Mesopotamia by the name of Dagon.
• * Adasa, a City of Judaea, near Beth-horon, where Judas Mac∣chabaeus overthrew and kill'd Nicanor.
• Addua, a River rising in Rhaetia, out of the Mountain Braulius; running through the Valtoline and the Lake Larius, it divides part of the Dukedom of Milan from the Venetian Territories, and at length empties it self into the Po, 6 miles above Cremona. It hath excellent Fish.
• * Adea, a Province of Aethiopia Superior, bordering upon the Red Sea, East; Once subject to the Kings of Abyssinia, who has now no more but the Title, it being mostly subject to the Portuguese. It is a fruitful Country, abounding in Woods, and those with Cattle and Fruit. The People are Olive-coloured, and Originally Arabians. Magadaro is their most noted Town, pleasantly seated, and much frequented by the Portugals, who barter Indian Commodities for Hony, Wax, and Abyssine Slaves, the last being the chief Merchan∣dize. Heylin.
• Adel, a Kingdom of Africa, lying between the Abissines, the Kingdom of Ader, the Streights of Babel Mandel, and the Oriental Sea; the King whereof is a Mahumetan, a Mortal Enemy to the Christians, particularly to the Abissines, from under whose Dominion they revolted An. 1540, under their K. Gradogna, who defeated and kill'd the Emperor of the Abyssins, An. 1559, and since that time his Successors look upon them∣selves as greater then the said Emperor. Gradogna having at the Victory above mentioned got the greatest Mass of Coin and Treasure that ever was seen. He took the advantage of the Abyssins, when so weakened by their Lenten Fast, that they were not able to resist. Heylin. He sent such of them as he took Prisoners to be sold as Slaves to the Turks. Clau∣dius.
• Adelais, Daughter of Rodulphus II. King of Burgundy, Wife of Lothaire II. call'd, The Young King of Italy, and Mo∣ther of Lewis V. Sirnam'd Do-Little. After Lothaire's Death she was Courted by Berenger II. the Usurper of her Kingdom; but she refusing, he besieged her in Pavia, took, and sent her to a strong Castle of his own, where she was forced to beg her Bread; whence escaping, she Married Otho the Great, Emperor of Germany, and bore him 3 Sons, Otho II. Henry, and Bruno, and one Daughter call'd Adelais after her own Name. The Mother governed the Empire during her Sons Minority with great applause, she died Dec. 16. 999. Ditmar.
• Adelbert, Son of Berenger II. Crown'd King of Italy by means of Otho the Great, but proving ungrateful, and revolt∣ing

• from him with his Brother Guy, they were both defeated in 965 by Duke Burchard, Otho's Lieutenant. After that in 968, Adelbert venturing another Battel, lost it, and died with Grief. Luitp.
• * Adelbert, a Bishop of Prague, who deserted the Bohemians because of their wicked Lives. He converted Stephen King of Hungary, and almost all his Country, and being made Archbishop of Gnesna in Poland, he continued his Preaching till his death, which happened about the end of the Tenth Century. Hoff.
• Adelbert, Count of Hivrea, Father of Berengarius, who was afterwards King of Italy. He was so Charitable, that, if he had nothing else in his return from Hunting, he would give away his rich Hunting Horn from his Neck, and re∣deem it the next day; but so desirous of Rule, that he en∣deavour'd to dethrone King Lambert, afterwards his Father in Law, who surprized and took him, as hiding himself in a Hedge. Sigonius.
• * Adelbert, a very Lavish and Ambitious Archbishop of Hamburg, left no Stone unturn'd, that he might exempt his Diocess from all Jurisdiction but his own, he was so inde∣fatigable, that the Empeoror Henry III. used him in all Af∣fairs of State, and in several Expeditions into Hungary, Van∣dalia, Italy, and Flanders. He equal'd Kings in the Splendor of his House, and Retinue, but was extreamly humble to the Poor, Strangers, and Religious; so that often e're he went to Bed, he wash'd the Feet of 30 Mendicants on his Knees; but would by no means humble himself to Princes, or his Equals, according to the Maxim: Yield not to thy Superiors or Equals, lest thou confess thy self their Inferior, but yield in every thing to those whose Superior you are known to be. Being thrust from Court in Henry IV's time by a Conspiracy of the Princes, he was scarcely ever seen in publick afterward, and being sick of a Dysentery, of which he died, such was the great∣ness of his Spirit, that he refused help from any, and never bemoan'd himself. Crantz. This Archbishop was also Count of Bavaria, expell'd the Court in Hen. IV's time, and reduced to that strait, that he liv'd on the Charity of others, but was restored again to his Dignity. It's added concerning him, that he was delighted with any thing great and extraordinary in things Human and Divine, and affected particularly the fume of Odours, shining of Lamps, and Noise of Singing according to the Old Testament-Worship.
• * Adelbert, Archbishop of Mayence. He incensed Henry the Son against the Emperor Henry IV. his Father, and the Em∣peror against the Pope; and afterwards perswaded Calixtus II. to Excommunicate the Emperor, which occasion'd a Bloody Civil War in Germany. Aventinus.
• * Adelbert, a Bishop of Prague, 997, who endeavouring to Convert the Prussians from Heathenism, was by them cut in pieces, and thrown to the Fowls of the Air. Hoff.
• * Adelbert, Sirnam'd the Bear, Lord of East-Sclavia, having extirpated the Rebellious Sclavi, who lived on the Havela and the Elve, repeopled their Cities with Hollanders, Flemmings, and other Borderers upon the Rhine. Helmoldus, Sclav. Chroni.
• Adeleis, Daughter to the K. of the Rusci, Wife of the Emperor Hen. IV. who hating her extreamly, imprisoned her, prostituted her to many, and Commanded his Son Conrad to be base with her, and after all this reproached her with these things, tho' she was forced to them; At length escaping out of Prison, she came to the Prince of Tuscany the Empe∣rors Enemy, who received her Courteously, and recommended her to Pope Urban II. who sent her home, and advised her to go into a Monastery. Sigonius.
• * Adelheldis, Wife to Frederick Prince of Saxony, beautiful but unchaste, and base with Lowis Marquess of Thuringia, whom she advised to come and Hunt in a Wood near her Husbands Castle with a Troop of Horse, that so he might find an opportunity to kill him; which being agreed, she went to her Husband at the Bath, and accused him of Cowardliness, for suffering the Marquess to Hunt so near his Castle, who being thereupon nettled, rid up to him with the few Attendants he had, and being slain, the Adulterer and Adulteress did afterwards Marry. Chronic. Mersburg.
• * Adelheidis, a German Gentlewoman of Bingen on the Rhine, who because of a dangerous fall as going to Church in her Finery, became a Nun, had Raptures in her sleep, during which she learned the Latin Tongue so as she could dictate to others; and had the Gift of Prophecy, if you'l believe Nauclerus generat. 39 Hist. Ulmensis.
• * Adelit••i, a People of Spain, so call'd from their Divining Futurities by the Chirping of Birds, Meeting of Beasts, &c. they were also so skilful, that they could find out what num∣ber of Horses or Men had passed over any Ground or Rocks. Laurent. Valla. Ob. 1. Histor.
• Ademon, or Aedemon, a Domestick Servant of K. Ptolomy, who to be reveng'd on Caligula, that had put his Master to Death, caus'd the People of Mauritania to Rebel, but perish'd in the Enterprize. Dion.
• Aden, or Adem, a Mart Town of Arabia Faelix, famous for Aethiopian, Indian, and Persian Trade, it contains about 6000 Houses very well built. It's fortified with a Wall, and high Mountains, on which Lamps burn in the night, to di∣rect Strangers to the Haven. It was formerly a Peninsula, but now by the Industry of the Inhabitants, surrounded with Water. It's situated 200 Miles from the mouth of the Red Sea, and at the entrance of the great Sea. It was taken by the Turks in 1538, who were again dispossessed in a little time by the Arabians. The Merchants are said to meet here in the night because of the heat. Marmol, Sanson. There is also a Mountain of this Name in the Kingdom of Fez, which hath Silver Mines. Le Mire.
• Adenburg, or Aldenburg, a City of Germany, in the Circle of Westphalia, subject to the Duke of Newburgh, 14 Miles N. E. of Cologne, and 22 North of Bonn.
• Adeodarus, a Pope elevated to that Dignity from a Monk, he died June 26. An. 676.
• * Adeona, a Goddess worship't by the Heathens for Li∣berty of Access.
• Aderborn, a Town of Germany, in Pomerania, a little below Stetin, upon the River Oder, subject to the Swedes.
• Aderburg, a small City upon the River Oder, in the middle of the Marquisate of Brandenburgh, 9 Leagues from Stetin.
• Ades, or Hades, the God of Hell so call'd by the Greeks, by the Latins, Dis and Pluto. Also a King of the Molossi by the River Achcron, whose Daughter Pirothous would have Ravish'd, which gave occasion to the Story of his descent into Hell. It was also the name of a King of Epirus who kept great numbers of Men at Work in Mines, where many dying, he was cal∣led the God of Hell and Riches; the Miners had made such great numbers of Vaults under the Mountain of Epirus, that they dwelt there, and could Communicate with one another. Some say there was an Oracle in the deepest of those Vaults, the Priests of which never appear'd in the day. Hence the People were called Cimmerians; and Homer said they never saw the Sun. Bibliotheque Universele Tom. 6.
• Adgandesirius, Prince of the Catti, a People of Germany, famous for nothing but his design to poison Arminius, General of the Cherusci, and for that end having sent to Rome for Poison, he was answered, That the Romans did not use to Revenge themselves of their Enemies in such a Cowardly manner. Tacitus.
• Adberbal, King of Numidia, Brother of Hiempsal, and Son of Micipsa, was besieged in Cirta his Capital City, forc'd to surrender, and put to death by Jugurth. Sallust.
• Adiabene, a Kingdom of Assyria, in the time of Claudius, bordering upon Armenia and Mesopotamia, made Tributary to the Romans by the Emperor Severus: Now call'd Botan. The Inhabitants worshipped the Sun and the Earth under the name of Adargatis. Strabo. Botan.
• Adiabenes Agiras, a Jewish Soldier, who with two more, threw themselves into Titus's Camp, while he besieged Jeru∣salem, and set it on Fire with Torches, which put the Ro∣mans in great disorder. Josephus.
• Adiaphorisis: See Interim.
• Adiatorix, Son of Demeneclius, Tetrarch of Galatia. To ingratiate himself with Marc Antony, he treacherously de∣stroy'd the whole Roman Colony at Heraclea Pontica, and was afterward taken himself by Augustus at the Battle of Actium, led about in Triumph, and then kill'd. Strabo.
• Adimanrus, an Athenian General, taken with his whole Fleet by the Lacedaemenians, who cut off all his Companions because they determined in Counsel to cut off the Hands of all such Lacedemonians as they should take; but spared him because he opposed that Resolution. Pausanias. There was another of this Name General to the Corinthians, who reproached Themistocles as an Exile, to which he answer'd. That he was no Exile who had 200 Galleys depending on him. Another was King of the Phliasians, and kill'd by a Thunderbolt because he thought Jupiter unworthy of his Sacrifice. Also the Brother of Plato according to Diogenes Laertius.
• Admetus, King of Thessaly, whose Sheep Apollo kept 9 years, being despoil'd of his Divinity for killing the Cyclops, that forg'd the Thunder-bolt which slew Aesculapius. For which Kindness he obtain'd of the Parcae, that they would not cut the Thread of Admetus's Life, if there could be found any that would die for him: But none being found, his Wife Alcestis freely offer'd her self to save her Husband, whom Proserpina pitying, restored his Wife again. Ovid. Nat. Comes.
• Admiraliteitz-Eylandt, a small Island upon the Coast of Nova Zembla, North of Muscovy.
• * Ado, a Bishop of Vienna, and great Historian who flou∣rish'd in 980. He writ of the Six Ages of the World, con∣tinuing his History to the year of Christ 900. Bodinus.
• Adodus, a King of Phaenicia, whom Sanchoniathon calls King of the Gods, worshipp'd by the Assyrians under the Name of Adad.
• Adolphus, Count of Nassaw, Elected Emperor by the Cunning of Gerard ab Appenstein, Archbishop of Mayence, to the disappointment of Albert of Austria, who thereupon be∣came his Mortal Enemy. The Pope Boniface VIII. approv'd of the Election on condition that he should make War on the K. of France, which he promised to do, and for that end Leagued with the K. of England, who return'd him 94000 Florens to raise Men. The Electors pretended that this

• Avarice disgraced the Empire, and being vex'd that they had no share of the Money, resolv'd to dethrone him, and his greatest Enemy was the Bishop of Mentz aforesaid. It's said that Adolphus for a pretence of War with Philip le Bel of France, demanded the Crown of Thorns, and the Restitution of the Kingdom of Arles, and according to some Authors, had a Blank Sheet of Paper sent him out of Contempt. The Princes Palatine, and D. of Bavaria, with other Lords and Imperial Towns declared for him. From this Emperor came the House of Nassaw Sarbruk, besides several other; and di∣vers, of his Descendants have been Electors of Mentz. Ser∣rarius. But at length Albert of Austria made War upon him, and slew him with his own hand in a Battle near Spire, July 1298, after he had Reign'd 6 years.
• Adolphus, King of Sweden before the Birth of Christ. He drove the King of Denmark, assisted by the Saxons and Van∣dals, out of his Dominions, pursued him into his own King∣dom, and constrain'd him to pay him Tribute. Saxo. Gram.
• Adolphus, Archbishop of Cologne, of the House of Schawen∣burgh, advanc'd to that Dignity by the Emperor Charles V. in 1547, was present at the Council of Trent in 1552, and died 1556. He was a great Enemy to the Protestants, and rose on the Ruins of his Predecessor Herman, to whom he was Coad∣jutor till he was deposed by Car. 5. at the Popes instigation. Gazey.
• Adolphus, Count of Berg. He kept Sigefridus of Westerbourg 7 years in Prison, but was afterward taken in Battle by the said Sigefrid in 1296, put naked into a Cage, and anointed with Honey in the heat of Summer, which drew such swarms of Flies about him, that he died a most miserable death, being allow'd neither Meat nor Drink. Hist. Germ.
• Adonibezeck, King of the Canaanites, his victories over 70 Kings, whose Thumbs and Great Toes he had cut off, had render'd him formidable to the Israelites. But Joshua took him in Battel, and served him in the same kind, which made him cry out in his Anguish, As I have done, God has re∣quited me. He died at Jerusalem.
• Adoniiah, Son of David by Haggith. Being assisted by Joab and Abiathar the High-Priest, he set up for Successor to the Crown, which occasioned his ruine. 1 Kings, ch. 1, 2.
• * Adoniram, Son of Abda, was over Solomon's Tribute, and Overseer of the Levy of 30000 Labourers sent to cut down Cedar in Laebanon for the Temple.
• Adonis, a Beautiful Boy, Son of Cynaras King of Cyprus, and Myrrha his Daughter, belov'd by Venus, and kill'd by a Wild Boar in the Idalian Woods. Venus bewailing the loss, turn'd him into a Flower of a Blood colour, suppos'd to be F mony. Afterwards Proserpine contracted with Venus, to re∣store Adonis to her for 6 Months in the year, provided she might have him to her self the rest. By which Fable the Ancient Heathens signify'd Summer and Winter. The Festi∣vals of Adonis begun with Weeping for his Death, and ended with Joy for his supposed Resurrection. St. Jerom thinks him to be Tammuz, which the Women are mentioned to weep for in Ezekiel. Some confound Adonis and Osyris of the Aegypti∣ans; and others take Adonis to be the Sun, and the Bear which kill'd him the Winter hoar frosts, which being over he re∣vives again.
• Adonis, a River of Phaenicia, so call'd from the above∣mentioned Adonis; by those of the Country call'd Nahar-Alealb, and by the new Geographers Canis. It rises near Mount Libanus, and falls into the Syrian Sea near the City Giblet, formerly call'd Byblis. It divides the Patriarchate of Jerusalem, from that of Antioch, and the Province of Tripoli. Near the mouth of this River is the Canis Passus, a Way cut through the Mountains Climax by the Emperor Antoninus, two Cubits wide, and four furlongs in length. Some write, that once a year this River turns red, and gives that same colour to the Sea for divers Leagues. Hoffman.
• Adonizedek, King of Jerusalem, who with 4 Kings more besieged Gibeon: But Joshua coming to the Assistants of the Gibeonites, he caus'd 'em to quit the Siege, and pursuing them to the Cave of Makedah, where they hid themselves, he caus'd them to be drawn out, and put to death.
• * Adoram, one of David's Great Officers, set over his Tri∣bute. He was Stoned to death by the Rebellious Israelites.
• * Adorf, a Town in Germany in Voigtland, upon the River Elster, subject to the Elector of Saxony.
• * Adorianum, a Town in Transilvania, upon the Confines of Hungary, near the River Berethon.
• Adorni, an ancient Family of Genoa of Plebeians made Noble, and above 300 years standing. Many of them ha∣ving been Dukes of Genoa. Gabriel Adorne was D. of Genoa in 1363, but chased thence by the People in 1370. Anthony Adorne succeeded in 1383, who was placed and displaced thrice successively, and at last quitted the Government to Charles VI. of France. George Adorne, An. 1401, had charge of the City in Conjunction with the French Governor, and resigned Vo∣luntarily in 1415, after a furious Civil War. An. 1443, Raphael Adorne was chosen, and demitted on the 4th of Ja∣nuary next year. Barnabas Adorne succeeded, but was chased from the Government in 27 days for having Caballed against his Predecessor. After this Prosper Adorne was chosen, but forthwith Deposed; and afterward made Governor again by the D. of Milan, who subdued Genoa. On the 25th of No∣vember next year, he and the Milanois were expelled the City. In 1488 Augustin and John Adorne were made Governors, till 1499 that the Town submitted to Lewis XII. who made An∣tonio Adorne Governor; and after divers Revolutions Antonio was chosen Duke in 1527, and a few days after chased to Bourg de Hans. Hist. Genoa.
• Adorni, (John Angustino) of the same Family, Founder of the Society of Regular Clerks Minors, confirm'd and approv'd by Sixtus V. He died at Naples, Sept. 29. 1591.
• * Adra, a little, strong Seaport of Spain, in the Kingdom of Granada, and Bishoprick of Guadix, 45 miles S. E. of Gra∣nada, 36 W. of Almeria, and 38 S. of Guadix.
• Adrammelech, an Idol of the Sepharvaites, in form of a Mule, to which they burnt their Children alive. Also one of the Sons of Sennacherib, who with his Brother Sharez••r, having slain their Father in the Temple of Nisroch, fled into Armenia, leaving room for their youngest Brother, Esarhaddon, to succeed. Likewise an Idol of the Samaritans, which they worshipp'd, in the shape of a Mule.
• * Adramyttium, now Landramiti, by the Turks Endromit, a Seaport of Troas, under the Archbishop of Ephesus, at the foot of the Mountain Ida, between Antandros and Elaea. The place where St. Paul took Shipping when sent to Rome by Festus on his appeal to Caesar.
• Adranum, now Aderno, an Inland Town of Sicily, at the foot of Aetna, water'd by a River of the same name, where was a Temple Dedicated to Adranus God of the Sicilians, kept by above 1000 Dogs, who fawn'd upon Strangers that came in the day time with Offerings, and conducted Drunken Men to their Lodgings at night, but would tear Mad Fellows and Robbers to pieces. Aelian.
• Adrastia, otherwise call'd Nemesis, Daughter of Jupiter and Necessity. The Poets feign her to be the Goddess of Ju∣stice or Revenge, and the Aegyptians place her above the Moon, the better to Inspect all Human Affairs. The Athe∣nians represented her with Wings, to shew her Readiness to Execute Justice.
• Adrastus, Son of Talaus King of Argos, expell'd his King∣dom by Amphiaraus his Brother-in-Law. He Married Am∣phithea Daughter of Polybus King of Sicyon, and succeeded him in his Kingdom. He was told by the Oracle, that his Daughters should be carried away by a Lion and a Bear. A little after Polynices Cloath'd in a Lions Skin, and Tydeus Son of Oeneus in a Bear Skin, came to his Court, the first seeking help against his Brother, who excluded him from his share of the Government of Thebes, and the other having fled for killing his Brother. Adrastus asking the cause, the first told him, that he wore the Lions Skin as being descended of Hercules; and the second, that being Son of Oeneus who over∣came the Caledonian Bear, therefore he wore the Bears Skin; Whereupon Adrastus remembring the Oracle, gave them his two Daughters in Marriage; and assembling 7 Princes, made War upon the Thebans, who all but himself were kill'd in the Siege. Adrastus defeated the Thebans at first, but at a second Sally they defeated him. Upon his return he stirred up the Sons of the said Princes to revenge their Fathers death, which they did, and defeated the Thebans, all returning Victorious but Adrastus his own Son Agialcus, at whose death he grieved so much, that he threw himself into his Funeral Pile. Hygin.
• Adrastus, Son of Gordius, a Phrygian Prince, who having accidentally kill'd his Brother, fled to Croesus, who received him courteously. A little after a huge Bear wasting the Country about Mount Olympus, Attys, Craessus his Son impor∣tun'd his Father to let him go hunt him, which he was un∣willing to do, because he Dream'd that he was kill'd by an Arrow; but having prevail'd, Adrastus accompanied him, and as he shot at the Bear kill'd him, and for grief slew him∣self upon his Corps. Herodotus.
• Adrastus of Philippolis, a Peripatetick Philosopher, Disciple of Aristotle. He wrote Three Books of Harmony, now in the Vatican Library.
• Adrets, (Francis de Beaumont, Baron of Adrets) a Native of Dauphine, being disgusted at the Duke of Guise for protecting the Sieur Pequigny against him in Council, he put himself at the Head of 8 or 10000 Protestants, An. 1562, and made himself Master of the greatest part of the Dauphinate, Lyon∣nois, and Languedoc; and taking Grenoble, forced the Parlia∣ment of that City to go to Church, and hear a Protestant Sermon. Popish Authors accuse him of making his two Sons dip themselves in Catholick Blood, to inure them to Cruelty, and causing some hundreds of Men to leap from the top of a Tower and Rock, and the Soldiers receive them on the points of their Halbards He turn'd Papist again because the Prince of Conde took the Goverment of Lions from him, being disatisfied with his Conduct, he was also set up against the Duke of Guise by the Q. Kath. de Medicis. Allard.
• Adria, or Adriaticum Mare, now, The Gulph of VENICE, enlarging it self between Greece, Illyricum, and Italy.
• Adria, an Episcopal City in Polesina di Rovigo, within the Territories of Venice, now inhabited only by Fishermen. Rovigo.
• Adrian I. of that Name Pope, of a Noble Roman Family.

• Elected after Stephen III. Febr. 9. 772. In the beginning of his Pontificate Didier King of the Lombards invaded St. Peter's Patrimony, ravaging almost to the very Walls of Rome; but Charlemaign, coming to the Popes Assistance, took Didier Pri∣soner in Pavia, upon which all Hostilities ceased. Charle∣maign having subdued Lombardy, went to Rome, where in an Assembly of the Clergy Adrian gave him power to Create Popes, and Charlemaign Confirmed to him what Pepin his Father had granted to the See of Rome. Adrian sent his Le∣gates to the Second Council of Nice, consisting of 350 Bishops, which was called by Constantine the Young, Emperor of Con∣stantinople against the Opposers of Image-Worship, who were there Condemned, wherein Adrian was willing to join. This Adrian was so beloved by Charlemaign, that he is said to have wept at his death, and wrote his Epitaph with his own Hand, consisting of 38 Latin Verses, to be seen still in St. Peters Church at Rome, wherein the Emperor join'd his own Name and Title with the Popes. Adrian caus'd a Branch, in the Form of a Cross, to be made, and hung before St. Peter's Altar, which held 1370 Tapers. He sate 23 years, 10 Months, and 17 days, and died Decemb. 26. 795. Bellarmine.
• Adrian II. Pope, succeeded Nicholas I. being chosen against his will, Decemb. 14. 867. presently after his Election he Ex∣communicated Photius Patriarch of Constantinople; and the Emperor Lothaire, because he Divorced his Wife Dietberga for Love of Valdred his Concubine. He sate 4 years, 10 months, and 17 days, and died Nov••mb. 1. 872. He sent 3 Legates who presided at the Occumenick Council of Constanti∣n••ple in 869, and 970. Platina says, that this Adrian having received 40 Julios, which is somewhat more then 20 s. from Pope Sergius, he gave them to his Steward to distribute among the Beggars at his Door, but the Steward finding the number of the Beggars so great, that it would not serve a quarter of them, Adrian distributed them himself, giving every one of them 3 Julios, that is about 18 d. a piece, and had as many left for himself; at which Miracle the Steward being astonish'd, Adrian said to him, Dost thou see how Bountiful the Lord is to those that are Liberal and Charitable to the Poor. This pretended Miracle contributed much to his being made Pope, and the Clergy and People of Rome were so precipitant in his Election, that they did not stay for the Emperor's Consent, which his Imperial Majesty protested against as an Invasion of his Priviledge, but the French King commended them for their so doing. In this Popes time also the Bulgarians sub∣jected themselves to the See of Rome, but quickly return'd again to the Greek Church.
• Adrian III. Son of Benedict a Couragious Roman, Elected two days after the death of Martin II. Jan. 20. 884. In the beginning of his Pontificate he caus'd a Law to be ratify'd by the Senate and People of Rome, That the Pope should not be Elected by the Emperor's Authority, but that the Suffrages of the Clergy and People should be free. He took the oppor∣tunity of doing this, while Charles the Emperor was in War with the Normans. He also refused to re-admit to the Com∣munion of the Church of Rome, Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Excommunicated by his Predecessors, which incensed the Emperor of the East against him, and occasion'd his sending threatning Letters to him. Baronius, Platina.
• Adrian IV. an Englishman, named Nicholas Breakspear, of mean Parentage, at Abbots-Langley in Hertfordshire, his Father being a Lay-Brother in the Abby at St. Albans, he himself received of their Alms daily at the Gate, and did much of their Drudgery for it; at last he solicited to be admitted into the House, which being denied, he went to Arles in France, where he was admitted Servitor by the Canons of St. Ruff, and applying himself close to his Studies, he came to be Abbot of their Order. He was made a Cardinal by Eugenius III. for Converting the Norwegians to the Christian Faith, and upon his Return Elected Pope, 1154. He told Frederic Barbarossa, that his Empire was no more but a Feif granted by the Pope, which the Emperor not acknowledging, he incensed the Milanois to Rebellion, and Excommunicated the Emperor; And then leaving Rome, he went to Orvicto for his security, where he was choak'd with a Fly which he swallow'd in his Drink, or, as others say, he died of a Squinzy; He caus'd Arnoldus of Brescia, condemn'd by his Predecessor Eugenius, for a Heretick, to be Expell'd; the Se∣nate to be Depos'd, and the Government of Rome to be left to his Disposal. He also Excommunicated William King of Sicily, and Absolv'd his Subjects from Obedience, as an Usurper of the Church Lands, and died Sept. 1. 1159. having sate 4 years and 8 months. Platina adds, that he Excommu∣nicated the City of Rome for wounding one of the Cardinals; That finding himself too weak for the Emperor, he made Peace with him, and afterwards Crown'd him in St. Peters Church, during which Solemnity the Romans fell upon the Germans, whom they look'd upon as the Popes Friends, which so incens'd the Emperor, that he brought his Army into the City, and slew and took multitudes of the Romans, whom he released again at the Popes desire, and restored Tivoli to the said Pope because part of St. Peters Patrimony. Adrian did also make Peace with W••lliam King of Sicily, on condition that he should attempt nothing against the Church.
• Adrian V. a Genoese of the Family of Ottoboni of Fiesco, Son of Theodosius of Fiesco, and Brother of Innocent IV. Created Cardinal by his Uncle, 1251. and sent Legate into England, to Compose the Differences between the King and his Barons. Afterwards he was Elected Pope July 12. 1276, but died 36 days after Election, Aug. 18. before he was Crowned. To some of his Friends that came to Congratulate his Advance∣ment, he said, He had rather they should see him a Cardinal in Health, then a Pope a dying. Platina says, that he invited Ro∣dulphus the Emperor into Italy against Charles, but it did not take.
• Adrian VI. born at Utrecht in Holland, made Doctor at the Expences of Margaret, Sister to Edw. IV. King of England, then Widow of Charles the Bald Duke of Burgundy. He was Tutor and Chancellor to Charles V. who made him Viceroy of Spain, and Chancellor of the University of Lou∣vain; afterwards made Cardinal, July 1. 1517. by Pope Leo, whom he succeeded in the Popedom Jan. 9. 1522. He made a League with Charles V. the Venetians, Ferdinand Arch-Duke of Austria, and some other Princes of Italy, against Francis I. King of France; but his Reign being short, and Treasury low, the Turks having also taken Rhodes, the Bul∣wark of Christendom, he died Sept. 14. 1523, not effecting any thing. Cardinal Palavicino said of him, that he was a most Excellent Clergyman, but a Mean Pope. 'Twas also said of him, that Trajectum plantavit, Lovanium rigavit, Caesar Incrementum dedit; under which was sarcastically added, Hic Deus nihil fecit. The Continuation of Platina adds, that he was chosen by the Interest of Charles V. though he had never seen Italy, nor had any Experience of their Affairs, for which the Cardinals being blam'd, they excused themselves, as ha∣ving chosen him by the Impulse of the Holy Ghost. He came to the Chair in a time when Rome was infected with the Plague, the Treasury exhausted by his Predecessors, the Jewels of the Triple Crown in Pawn, Hungary invaded, and Rhodes besieged by the Turks. The first thing he did was the Recovering of Rimini; and Composing the Differences be∣twixt the Chair and the D. of Ferrara, by the Assistance of some Spanish Forces. He attempted the driving the French out of Italy, but was disappointed by the Treachery of Car∣dinal Soderino, who discovered his Secrets, and advised the French King to invade Sicily, whereupon the Pope Committed him, and from hence suspecting all the Cardinals, he after∣wards trusted none but Dutchmen with his Secrets. He de∣prived the Cardinals of the Benefices they had conferred on one another during the Vacancy; He was of a severe Life, raised none of his own Friends, but sent them from him empty as they came, except Money to bear their Charges home. And while he endeavoured to Reform Manners, and perfect the League among the Confederates, to expel the French out of Italy, he died.
• Adrianists, Disciples of Simon Magus. Baronius. An. Ch. 34. The Followers of Adrian Hamsted, the Anabaptist, were also so called. Spond.
• Adrianople, now Andernopoli, by the Turks call'd Aendrem, a Mart Town of Thrace, and Metropolis of the Country, upon the River Mariza; once the Emperors Seat, and the Residence of the late deposed Grand Signior, 146 miles W. of Constantinople, 74 E. of Fillippopoli, 165 off Sofia, 390 off Belgrade, 550 off Buda, and 80 North off the Aegean Sea. It's the chief Town in Thracia next to Constantinople, and was enlarged every day because of the Residence of the Court. There were 7 Towns in other Countries that all Contended for the Name of Adrianople out of Complaisance to the Em∣peror Adrian that rebuilt them, as he did this An. 122. but their old Names obtain'd still. It was formerly an Arch∣bishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople. It was taken by Bajazet in 1362, and was the Seat of the Turkish Empire till the taking of Constantinople, An. 1403. See Adrianople.
• Adrianus, (Caesar) the Roman Emperor, born Anno Ch. 76, Son of Aelius Adrianus, Sirnam'd Afer, because he had been Governor of Africa, but was a Spaniard originally, and adopted by Trajan, at the solicitation of Plotina, Trajan's Wife, and began to Reign in 117th or 118th year of Christ. A Pru∣dent and Learned Person, well Skill'd in Military Affairs, yet a Lover of Peace, having on his first Advancement agreed one with the Parthians. Coming into Britain, he built a Wall 80 miles long, betwixt Newcastle and Carlisle, to hinder the Scots from invading the Britons and the Romans. Going against the Revolted Jews, that were Headed by Bencochab, who pre∣tended himself to be the Messias, he slew 500000 of them. He caus'd a City to be built upon the Ruines of Jerusalem, and call'd it Aelia. He Reigned 21 years, and being upon his Death-Bed, is said to have repeated these Verses, speaking to his Soul:

  Animula vagula, blandula, Hospes, comesque Corporis, Quae nunc abibis in loca Pallidula, rigida, nudula, Nec, ut soles, dabis Jocos.

• He is also said to be the Author of this Ingenious Epigram:

  Ut belli sonuere tubae Violenta peremit Hyppolite Teuthranta, Lyce Clonon, Oebalon Alce, Oebalon ens••, Clonon Jaculo, Teuthranta Sagitta, Oebalus ibat equo, curru Clonus, at pede Teuthras Plus puero Teuthras, puer Oebalus, at Clonus heros; Figitur Ora Clonus, latus Oebulus ilia Teuthras Epili Teuthras, Derali Clonus, Oebalus Idae, Argolicus Teuthras, Maesus Clonus, Oebalus Arcas.

• He had a prodigious Memory, so that he remembred the Names of all Places and Rivers where he passed, yea, of all the Soldiers of his Armies. Having overcome the Jews in a second Revolt, he insulted over them, erected a Temple to Jupiter on Calvary, and a Statue of Adonis in the Manger of Bethlehem. He caused also to Engrave the Images of Swine on the Gates of Jerusalem. The Persecution against the Christians being severe in his time, especially in Asia, Quadrat Bishop of Athens, and Aristides, two Christian Philosophers, are said to have, by means of Serenus one of his Lieutenants, presented him Two Books in Defence of the Christians, whereupon he promised to stay the Per∣secution. He understood the Mathematicks, Astrology, Arithmetick, Geometry, Poetry, Philosophy, and Physick. He exceeded most of the Ancients for Engraving, but all these fine Qualities were blackened by his Study of Magick. He diverted himself sometimes in Composing Verses. Flo∣rus having writ familiarly to him on Account of his Conti∣nual Journeys, and that on foot too, through all the Pro∣vinces of the Empire, thus—

  Ego nolo Caesar esse Ambulare per Brittannos * 3.1Scoticas pati pruinas.

  The Emperor Answered forthwith:

  Ego nolo Florus esse Ambulare per tabernas Latitare per Popinas Culices pati rotundos.

• He was the first of the Roman Emperors who wore a Beard, and that because of the Warts on his Chin, but his Succes∣sors wore it for Ornament. He was extreamly Superstitious, and the first who brought the Worship of Serapis and Isis, the Egyptian Deitys, to Rome. He was so great a lover of Learning, that he was Jealous of his Secretary Phavorinus on that Head. He was so strong and robust, that he had always his Head uncovered, and made all his Jour∣neys on Foot, but at length falling into a Bloody Flux, which neither himself nor other Physicians could stay, he betook himself to Charms, which prov'd also ineffectual. He was a big Man, well made, of a good Mien, a mid∣ling Head but a little sharp, and Curled Hair: He had no Children, and therefore adopted Aelius Verus, who dying be∣fore himself, he adopted Antony le Debonnaire on condition that he should Adopt Verus his Children. He died of the Bloody Flux, which was look'd on as a Judgment on him, because of his Persecution. Hoffman, Dion, Spartian, Spond. Curiense, Recherches d' Antiquitez.
• Adrumerum, now Mahometta, built by the Phaenicians, and well fortify'd, in a fruitful Country between Carthage and the Sy••tes. A Council was held here An. 394. Marmol.
• Adula, now Mount St. Gothard, one of the Rhaetian Alpes in Switzerland, in the Canton of Uri. Out of its two parts, Crispaltberg and Vogelberg, springs the Rhine; Out of Mont Fruck slows the Rhone and Madia; and from Mont Grimsel Arr takes its Rise. Sanson.
• Adyrmachildae, a People formerly inhabiting that part of Libya, which lies next to Egypt, where the Women wore Copper Rings upon their Thighs, and let their Hair grow extraordinary long. They presented their Daughters when Marriagable, to be first deflower'd by the King if he pleased, and were such strict Observers of Lex Talionis, that if they caught a Louse or Flea biting of 'em, they would only bite 'em again, and let 'em go. Caelius Rhodiginus.

• Aeacidas, Son of Neoptolemus, and Brother of Olympias, Mother of Alexander, who by his Continual Wars, had made himself so burthensom to his People, that he was forc'd to fly his Kingdom, and leave his only Son of two years old to be brought up by Chaucus King of Illyrium. Justin.
• Aeacus, Son of Jupiter and Aegina. He intreated his Fa∣ther Jupiter to repeople the Island of Aegina, which was al∣most destroy'd by Pestilence, whereupon Jupiter turn'd an in∣numerable company of Emets into Men, which were call'd Myrmidons, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 an Emet or Pismire. All Greece labouring under a great Drought, it was answer'd by the Oracle, that Jove could only be atton'd by the Prayers of Aeacus; which accordingly fell out, for upon his Prayers the Calamity ceased. He had 3 Sons by 2 Wives; Phocus by Psammathe Daughter of Nereus; and Telamon and Peleus, by Endais, Daughter of Chiron. The Poets also feign'd him to be one of the Judges of Hell. This Fable had its founda∣tion from hence: The Aeginetae being almost depopulated by Pyrates, hid themselves in Caves and Holes like Pismires, and never durst venture out, but as they found the Coasts clear.
• Aeatus, Brother to Polyclea, both descended from Hercules; of whom the Oracle said, that which soever of 'em set first Foot on Land after passing the River Achelous, should enjoy the City and Kingdom. Polyclea therefore, feigning her self lame, desired her Brother to carry her over on his Back, which he did, suspecting nothing; but she, coming near the shore, skipp'd off his Back, while he was yet in the Water, and cry'd out, Brother, the Kingdom is mine by the Decision of the Oracle, which her Brother was so far from taking ill, that he commended her Wit, Married her, and so they Reigned together.
• * Aebora, or Aebura, now Talavera, a City of Spain upon the Tagus, in New Castile, 12 Leagues West of Toledo, in the Road of Lisbon.
• * Aechmacoras, Son of Hercules by Philone, Daughter of Al∣cimedon, whom he deflower'd, which so enrag'd her Father, that he expos'd her and the Infant as soon as born to be de∣vour'd of Wild Beasts, but were both happily deliver'd by Hercules, being directed to the place by a Magpye imitating the Crying of the Infant. Pausanias in Arcadicis.
• * Aedessa Ae••as, the Capital City of Emathia in Macedo∣nia, seated upon the River Erigonius, 8 German miles from Pella to the West, and 14 from Thessalonica. Justin. lib. 7. saith Caranus King of Macedonia, surprized this City by following the Goats that fled from a Shower of Rain, and called it Aegas, in remembrance of that accident. The Kings of Macedonia were for many Ages buried here upon a pretended Oracle, That the Line should not fail as long as this was observed: And they attributed the extinguishing the Race of Alexander the Great to his being buried out of this City. It is now called Vodena. Ptol. long. 48. 45. lat. 40. 20. 58. Eng. miles from Thessalonica to the W. The River is now called Vistritza.
• Aediles, Certain Roman Officers who had the Care of Buildings, providing Corn for the City, and the Publick Shews. They had Jurisdiction without any Command, and after some time were permitted to Ride in a sort of Chairs, call'd Aediles Curules. Their Office was to keep down Tu∣mults at Plays. Cic.
• Aëdon, Wife of King Zethus, the Brother of Amphion, who kill'd her own Son Itylus in the night time, mistaking him for one of Amphion's, she envying Amphion's Wife, be∣cause she had six Boys. Lamenting her Error, the Gods in Compassion turn'd her Son Itylus into a Thistle. Bocat. l. 5.
• * Aëdon, Daughter of Pandareus of Ephesus, Married to Po∣lytechnas, a Carpenter of Colophon. They had one Son nam'd Itys; and boasting that they liv'd more lovingly together than Jupiter and Juno; the Goddess offended hereat, sent Eris or Contention among them; for he laying that he would finish a Running Chair before she had wound off her Spindle, lost his Wager, (which was, to provide his Wife a Maid Ser∣vant) it so inrag'd him, that going to his Father in Law un∣der pretence to fetch his Wife's Sister to bear her Company, and having Ravish'd her by the way, he cut off her Hair, and presented her to his Wife for her Maid, which deceit she discovering, kill'd her Son Itys, and made her Husband eat him, which as soon as he understood, he pursued them to their Fathers, whose Family to revenge the Affront he had put upon them, bound, stripped, and anointing him with Honey, exposed him to the Flies; but his Wife pittying him, drove them away, which her Father and Brothers were so enrag'd at, that they design'd to kill her. But at last Ju∣piter commiserating their Misfortunes, changed 'em all into Birds: Pandareus into a Pelican, Aedon into a Nightingale, and Chelidonia the Sister into a Swallow. Ovid Metam.
• Aedui, an Ancient and Powerful People of Gallia Celtica, that were possessed of all that part of France we now call Autunois, the greater part of the Dukedom of Burgundy, the Territories of Carolois, Chalon, and Auxois. They had the Priviledge of Senators of Rome, stiling themselves the Bro∣thers of the Romans. Baudr.
• Aëtes, Son of Sol and Persa, Daughter of the Ocean, to whom Phryxus, Son of Athamas, gave the Golden Fleece, of which, together with his Kingdom, he was depriv'd by Ja∣son, and in his old Age restor'd again by him.
• * AEGAE, a Town in Macedonia, once the Metropolis of the Kingdom, and Burying Place of their Kings. Also an Epis∣copal City of Cilicia under the Archbishop of Anazarbenus, upon the Sea Coast, next to Mallo and Issus. It's now ruinous.
• * Aegean Isles, such as are in the Archipelago or Aegean Sea, being about 43 in number, of late years had 1450000 Inha∣bitants that paid Poll-Money to the Turks, though few Turks live there. The People are of the Greek Church, and subject to the Metropolitan of Scio. Morden.
• * Aegaeon, a Notorious Pirate, so nam'd from Aex, an Island in the Aegean Sea, having 50 Men always to Row in his Gal∣ley, whence the Poets feign'd him to have 100 Hands, to be the Son of the Earth and Heaven, and to have rebelled against Jupiter, wereupon Neptune ty'd him to a Rock in the Aegean Sea.

• Aegaeum Mare, the Aegean Sea, or Archipelago, a part of the Mediterranean; so call'd from a vast Number of Islands strew'd up and down in it, which a far off look like a Flock of Goats, in Greek call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Or from Aegaeus the Father of Thescus, who drown'd himself therein: The Turks call it Acdeniz, or the Boistrous Sea; and sometimes the White Sea, when 'tis oppos'd to Pontus Euxinus, or the Black Sea. It hath Asia the less on the East, Thracia on the North, Macedonia, Grae∣cia and Peloponesus on the West, and Crete on the South.
• Aegaeus, King of Athens, had two Wives Aethra and Medea, the latter whereof had been divorc'd by Jason. He threw himself into the Aegaean Sea and was drown'd, belie∣ving, through mistake, that his Son Thescus had been devour'd by the Minotaur, Thescus returning with Black Flags or Pen∣dants in his Ship instead of White, as his Father order'd him, if escaped.
• * Aegina, or Engia, an Island in the Saronick Bay, between Epidaurus in Peloponnesus, and the Pyraeum or Port of Attica, so call'd from Aegina, Daughter of Asopus. Formerly a Bi∣shop's See, under the Archbishop of Athens; remarkable for the Birth of Paulus Aegineta the Famous Physician. The In∣habitants of this Island are said to be the first who Coined Money. Hence Aeginetumaes.
• Aegipan, Pan so call'd by the Poets, whom they feign'd to have Feet like a Goat, from the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Goat. Afterwards all Satyrs were call'd Aegipans; whom they re∣presented with the Head of a Goat, and the Tail of a Fish; for that Pan, from whom they first derived, was worship'd by Fishermen as well as Shepherds. Hyginus.
• * Aegis, The Shield of Jupiter, so call'd, because it was made of the Skin of the Goat Amalthea, by whom he was Nurs'd. He presented it to Pallas, who Painted a Gorgon's Head upon it; which turn'd the Beholders into Stones. From this Shield he was called Aegiochius.
• Aegisthus, Son of Thyestes and Pelopeia his own Daughter. Thyestes was told by the Oracle, That a Son whom he should have by his own Daughter, should revenge him upon Atreus: To prevent the Incest, he sent his Daughter Pelopeia to be Priestess to Minerva; but happening to meet her afterward in a Grove belonging to that Goddess, he Ravish'd her, not knowing who she was. Pelopeia snatch'd his Sword from him and kept it; being delivered of a Son, she exposed him in a Wood, where he was found and nourished by Shepherds till he came of Age, and then his Mother gave him the Sword. This young Man being afterward entertain'd at Atreus's Court, was by him employed to kill Thyestes. At whose Palace being arrived for that end: Thyestes knowing the Sword, and understanding how he came by it, acknow∣ledged him for his Son, and acquainted him with the Injuries his Family had endured by Atreus, against whom Aegisthus went, slew him and his Son Agamemnon; and was afterward slain himself by Orestes, in revenge of his Father Agamemnon's death. Hygin.
• Aegles, an Athenian Wrestler, born Dumb; but finding the Prize which he had won, like to be fraudulently adjudg∣ed to another, through eagerness to right himself, broke the Ligaments of his Tongue, and ever after had the use of it.
• * Aegocero••, or Capricornus, a sort of Creature that Pan trans∣form'd himself into, when he, with the rest of the Gods, fled from the Gyant Typho, their mortal Enemy; for which ingenuity Jupiter translated him to the Zodiack, where he continues by the name of Capricorn. Lucret.
• * Aegon, first King of the Argives, after the Line of the Heraclidae was broke. His Election was thus: They sent to the Oracle to know whom they should chuse for thei•• King, and were answer'd, An Eagle should shew 'em. Within few days afterward an Eagle came and sat upon Aegon's House; whereupon he was unanimously chosen King.
• * Aegophagos, Juno so call'd by the Lacedemonians, because they usually sacrificed a Goat to her. Jupiter is also call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Aegosporamos, a Town of the Thracian Chersonese, upon the Hellespont, and near a River of the same Name, at the mouth whereof Lysander the Lacedemonian, overthrew Conon Admiral of the Athenian Fleet, and put an end to the Peloponnesian War, which had continued 27 years. Plutarch.
• * Aegypius, Son of Antheus, and Grandchild of Nomion, living in the farthest parts of Theslaly, who by Money and fair Promises debauch'd Timandra; to requite which Injury, her Son Neophron seduced Bulis, Aegipius's Mother, and having intelligence where he was to meet Timandra, conveyed thi∣ther his Mother Bulis in her Room, with whom he lay, and being fallen asleep, his Mother more strictly viewing him, knew him to be her Son, whose Eyes she would have put out with his own Sword, if his waking had not prevented her. Aegypius seeing his Error, wish'd the Memory of the Fact might be buried in his Death: Whereupon Jupiter turn'd Aegypius and Neophron into Vultures, Bulis into a Didapper, and Timandra into a Titmouse. Antoni Liberalis, Ovid in Metamorph.
• Aegyptus, from whom, as some assert, Aegypt deriv'd its Name, Son of Belus, and Brother of Danaus, descended from Neptune and Lybya; He had 50 Sons whom he Married to as many of his Brother Danaus's Daughters; and Danaus being told by an Oracle, That he should be expell'd his King∣dom by one of his Sons in Law, he perswaded his Daughters to kill all their Husbands the first night, which all of them except Hypermnestra obeyed. Hygin.
• * Aegyptus, a King of Aethiopia, who, the Inhabitants say, was converted to the Christian Faith by St. Matthew. Marmol.
• Aegypt, vid. Egypt.
• * Aelana, a City of Arabia Petrea, upon the Innermost re∣cess of the Arabian Gulf; 60 Miles from Mount Sinai, and 150 from Heropolis: By some now called Eltor, by others Aila. Long. 65. 00. Lat. 29. 51.
• Aelia Laelia Crispis the Name of a famous Inscription in the Senator Volta's Country House, near Boulogne in Italy, which is writ thus:

  Aelia Laelia Crispis, Nec Vir, nec Mulier, nec Androgyna, Nec Puella, nec Juvenis, nec Anus, Nec Meretrix, nec Pudica, Sed omnia. Sublata ne{que} fame, nec ferro, ne{que} Veneno. Sed omnibus, Nec Coelo, nec Aquis, nec Terris, Sed ubi{que} Jacet. Lucius Agatho Priscus, Nec Maritus, nec Amator, nec Necessarius, Neque maerens, ne{que} gaudens, ne{que} flens, Hanc ne{que} Molem, nec Pyramidem, nec Sepulcrum, Sed omnia. Scit & nescit quid posuerit. Hoc est, Sepulcrum intus cadaver non habens, Hoc est, Cadaver, Sepulcrum extra non habens, Sed Cadaver idem est, & Sepulcrum sibi.

  That is Aelia Laelia Crispis, neither Man, Woman, nor Her∣maphrodite; neither Maid, nor Young-man, nor Old-wo∣man, neither a Whore, nor Chaste; but all. Died neither by the Sword, Hunger, nor Poyson; but by all. She lies neither in the Heaven, nor Water, nor Land; but every where. Lucius Agatho Priscus, neither her Husband, Gallant, nor Friend; neither sad, glad, nor weeping; This neither Pile, Pyramid, nor Sepulchre; but all. Knows and knows not what he hath built: That is a Sepulchre without a Car∣case, a Carcase without a Sepulchre; for it is both the Car∣case and the Sepulchre. The Learned are divided in Opini∣on about the meaning of this Inscription; some think it to be Rain-water, some think it the Materia Prima, some the Soul or Idea, some, Mercury; some, Love; and others, that it is framed by some Modern Wit, meerly to puzzle others. J. Spon. Voyage of Italy.
• * Aelianus, (Claudius) born at Praeneste, applauded by Phi∣listratus for his Skill and Eloquence in the Greek Tongue; for which he was called Honey-Mouth: He was a Hearer of Pausanias, under the Emperor Adrian, and wrote a Mixt History; He al∣so wrote of Animals and Military Discipline.
• * Aelius and Aelia, two Roman Names, from whom the Aelii descended, who were the poorest Family in Rome, Six∣teen whereof were content with one little House and a small Farm, having not a Peny of Silver among 'em, till Paulus, having Conquer'd Perseus, gave his Son-in-Law, Quintus Aelius Tubero, Five pounds out of the Booty. Valerius Maxi∣mus.
• * Aelius Poetus, a Roman, whom the Augurs told, If he sav'd a Magpye that perch'd upon his Head as he sate in Judicature, he should make his Family happy and flourishing, but the Commonwealth unfortunate; if he kill'd her, the Contrary: Whereupon he immediately bit off her Head in the view of the Senate; and accordingly lost a Family of 17 Stout Knights at the Battel of Cannae, the Commonwealth afterward flourishing to the heighth of Prosperity and Empire. Val. Maximus.
• Aelius Pertinax, a Ligurian, and a Woodmongers Son, called Pertinax by his Father, because he follow'd his business close, well skill'd in the Greek Tongue. At first he heard Sulpitius Apol∣linaris, and afterwards taught School himself. Being made Se∣nator by Marcus Antoninus, he govern'd four Provinces. Not long after he was sent into Britain, by Commodus, to quell some Com∣motions there; which effecting, he return'd, and was made Pro∣consul of Africk. After Commodus's Death he was made Emperor, at 60 years of Age, by the Soldiers, with the consent of the Senate, against his will; refusing his Name should be Regi∣ster'd in the Roll of the Imperial Possessions, saying, They belong'd to the Publick, and were not the Emperors; he re∣fused also, that his Wife should be call'd Augusta, or his Son Caesar, saying, 'twas sufficient that one should Rule at one time against his will. Notwithstanding he was kill'd in his Palace by Laetus, Captain of the Praetorian Bands, Didius Julianus being privy to the Murder. Capitolinus.
• Aelius Saturninus, a Satyrick Poet, thrown headlong down the Tarpeian Rock by Tiberius, because he writ against him. Nicaeus.
• * Aelius Sejanus, a Roman Consul, of so much Authori∣ty with Tiberius, that he call'd him his Associate in the Em∣pire; wherewith he grew so proud, that contemning Tiberius,

• he courted the Pretors, and all the Chief Men of Rome; which Tiberius understanding, gradually and privately wrought his Ruine. Dion.
• Aelius, Sextus Catus, Censor with M. Gethegus. He made distinct Seats for the Commonalty at their Publick Shews, who before sate promiscuously with the Nobility. He like∣wise refus'd a Service of Silver Plate from the Aetolian Am∣bassador, who caught him, in his Consulship, dining in Earthen Dishes, having no Plate of his own save two Silver Pots, which Lucius Paulus gave him out of the Spoils of Per∣seus. Ennius bestows upon him the Character of

  Egregie cordatus Homo Catus Aeliu Sextus. Livius.

• Aemon, Son of Deucalion mention'd by Ovid, as a Person unfortunate in his Love; for, living scandalously with his own Daughter Rhodope, the Gods in Revenge turn'd 'em both into a Mountain. Others say, that he Married Antigone, Daugh∣ter of Oed••pus, who following her Father into Banishment, Aemon was torn in pieces by Sphynx: But Prepertius says, that he lov'd Antigone to that degree, that he slew himself upon her Grave. Ovid.
• Aemylia, an Italian Woman, who after she had a Husband 12 years, became a Man, and Married a Wife. Continuat. Vignetii.
• Aemylianus Lybicus, Governor of the Sarmatian Confines in Maesia under Decius and Gallus. He promis'd his Soldiers the Tribute which the Scythians refus'd to pay, if they came off Victorious; which they did, and had their Promis'd Re∣ward. This procured him so much love among the Soldiery, that they chose him Emperor, of which he gave the Senate notice, promising them to recover Mesopotamia and Armenia. But before he could set forward, the Soldiers that lay near Italy had proclaim'd Val••rian; whereupon Aemylianus's Sol∣diers kill'd him because of Low Birth, to pre••ent a Civil War, and join'd with Valerian, as being better descended. He liv'd 40 years, and Reign'd 5 Months. Aur. Victor.
• Aemylianus (Tiberius Cestius Alexander) made Governor of Aegypt by Galienus, about the year 262, he Rebelled against his Master, and was proclaim'd Emperor by his Soldiers, but at last being pursued by Theodorus, one of Galienus's Generals, into Alexandria, was taken, and presented to the Emperor, who caus'd him to be strangl'd in Prison. Trebell.
• Aemplii, or the Aemilian Family, one of the most illustri∣ous in Rome, whose Original is deduced by Plutarch from Mamercus the Son of Pythagoras the Philosopher called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 by the Greeks for the sweetness of his Humour; of this Family was Paulus Aemilius Sirnamed Macedonicus, Consul and General of the Romans, and Son to Lucius Paulus slain at the famous Battle of Cannae against Hannibal. He was twice Con∣sul, and during his first Consulat triumph'd over the Ligu∣rians, A. U. C. 572. In his second Consulat, An. 586, he subdued Perseus K. of Macedonia, reduced his Country into a Province, dismantled 70 of his Cities, and return'd in a Glo∣rious Manner to Rome, where a Triumph of 3 days was al∣lowed him. King Pers••us among the other Prisoners went before his Triumphal Chariot, and was the greatest Orna∣ment of the Solemnity, the Generous Conqueror in the mean time not being able to refrain from Tears, in consideration of the Misfortunes of Perseus; but behold the Inconstancy of Humane Affairs! This Noble Roman who was exalted to the height of Glory in the morning, was engulph'd into the depth of Sorrow e're the evening, having lost two of his Sons amidst the Triumph. He obtain'd a Priviledge from the Se∣nate afterwards to wear his Triumphal Robes during the Circean Games, and was also made Censor that same year, An. 586, in which he died. Of this same Family were the Great Men following.
• Aemylius A••amercus, three times Consul. He defeated the Aequi in their own Territories. His Son T. Aemylius Ma∣mereus was twice Consul, and defeated the Sabines. His Son M. Aemyl••us was first High-Priest, then Military Tribune. Afterwards, when he was first made Dictator, he overcame the Fidenates, the Volsci, and Palisci, and Triumph'd. When he was Dictator the second time, he reduc'd the Office of Censor from Five years to One and a half, by which he very much enraged the Censors, but oblig'd the People, so that he was chose a third time Dictator, reduc'd the Fidenates, and took their City in 16 days time. His Grandchild Titus Aemy∣lius Mamereus was Consul with Q. Publius Philo, who defeated the Latins, and had the Honour of a Triumph; which being deny'd to Titus Aemylius, who had subdued those of Praeneste and Velitrae, he, in revenge, nominated a Plebeian for his Colleague in the Dictatorshop.
• Aemylius Lepidus, being very young, threw himself into the Battel, rescu'd a Citizen, and kill'd his Enemy, in me∣mory whereof he had a Statue erected for him in the Capitol by the Decree of the Senate, in his Robe of Nonage, adorn'd with Gold Clasps. Val. Max.
• Aemylius Censorinus, Tyrant of Sicily, who rewarded such well as brought him any Instrument newly invented for Tor∣ment: Whereupon Aruntius Paterculus, having made a Brazen Bull to burn People alive in, presented him with it, whom Aemylius caus'd to make the first Experiment of himself as a just Reward for his Art in contriving it. Plutarch.
• Aemylius, a handsom young Man, and great Hunter, born at Sybaris in Italy, whose Wife being Jealous, hid her self in the Woods to watch him, where his Dogs lighting upon her, tore her in pieces, which Aemylius perceiving, kill'd him∣self in despair. Cleonymus.
• Aemylius Papinianus, Son of Hostilius Papinianus, and Eugenia Gracilis, Overseer of the Exchequer next after Septi∣mius Severus, by whom, when advanc'd to the Empire, he was made Governor of the Praetorium. Severus dying, he recom∣mended his Sons, Geta and Caracalla to his Care: But Cara∣calla killing Geta, and Papinian refusing to excuse the Murder, was stabb'd by the Soldiers before the Tyrants Face, in the 38th or 36th year of his Age. Abundance of great Lawyers came out of his School, and are called Papinianists. He wrote many things in the Civil Law. His Son was also put to death by Caracalla.
• Aemylius Scaurus, Noble yet Poor, his Father though a Patrician, Trading in Coals for a livelihood: Yet Scaurus by his Eloquence acquired so much Fame as to be chosen Aedile, in which behaving himself very justly, he was chosen Praetor, and fought against Jugurtha. Afterwards being Consul, he made a Law against excessive Expences, and the Votes of Slaves made free; he is highly commended by Cicero Orat. pro Fonteio, who after a great Elogy of him says: Tamen hujus cujus injurati nutu prope terrarum orbis Regebatur, jurati testi∣monio neque in C. Fimbriam neque in C. M••mmium creditum est. While he was Aedile, he built a Theatre, the greatest Work ever made by the Hand of Man, being not only temporary, but durable to perpetuity. Plin. See Scaurus.
• Aemilius Victor, concerning whom this Epitaph is extant at Parma, as related by P. Manutius. D. M. L. D. Aemilio Victori qui pridie natal••m suum vicesimum & s••cundum pruna in pensili (balneo scilicet) posita, urgente fato, ipse sanum n cavit se. L. Aemilius Victor principalis & Aelia Venerea filio pientissimo & sibi. In English: D. M. L. D. To Aemilius Victor, who ac∣cording to the Decree of Fate, on the 22th before hi•• Birth∣day, being in health, did kill himself by a ••ive Coal put in a hanging Bath. L. Aemilius Victor principalis, and Ael••a Ve∣nerea, to their most Dutiful Son and themselves.
• Aeneas, Son of Anchises and Venus, a Trojan, who after long Travels came into Italy, and after the death of his Father in Law Latinus, was made King of the Latins, and Reigned 3 years. He overcame Turnus, and took his Betroth'd Lavin••a to Wife. Then joining with the Aborigines, he was slain in a Battle against the Tuscans, and buried on the Bank of Nu∣micus, his Subjects giving him the Title of Jupiter Indiges. Troy being laid in Ashes, he took his aged Father Anchises upon his Back, and rescued him from his Enemies: But, being too solicitous for his Son and Houshold Goods, he lost his Wife Creusa. He landed first in Macedonia, whence he pass'd into Sicily, where he buried his Father at Drepanum. It is believed by many that he never saw Africk nor Dido, so that the Fourth Book of Virgil must be all Figment: And even many Authors are cited by Dionysius Halicarnassaeus, to prove that he was never in Italy neither, but that it was only some other of the name. Read Virgil's Aeneids.
• Aeneas of Gaza, a Platonick Philosopher, in the Fifth Century under Zeno. He wrote a Treatise Intituled Theo∣phrastus, discoursing of the Immortality of the Soul, and the Resurrection of the Body. Bellarmin.
• Aeneas Sylvius, Fourth King of the Latins, who Reigned 31 years: Also another chose Pope in 1458, by the name of Pius II.
• * Aenetus, one who being declared Victor in the 5 princi∣pal Olympick Games, died for Joy as soon as he received his Garlands. Pausan.
• * Aenotherus, a Giant born at Durgia in Suabia, who served under Carolus Magnus on Horseback, he used to wade through Rivers which had not Bridges, and draw his Horse after him, would Mow down his Enemies like Hay, and hang them at his Spear like Birds, and carry them on his Shoulder. Aven∣tinus, li. 4. Annal Bojorum.
• Aeolia, a Country of Asia on the Aegean Sea, now called Sarcum. The Poets call it the Country of the Winds, be∣cause there are diversity of Winds among the Islands, of which there are 7 betwixt Italy and Sicily called Aeoliae, one of them called Lipara hath a Bishops See, well fortified; ano∣ther of them called Strongyle or Stromboli, exhales Smoak, which presages Wind. Plin. Strabo.
• Ae••lipyle, a hollow Brazen Bowl with a very small hole, by which being fill'd with Water, and made hot standing by the Fire, it sends forth an impetuous Wind, which discovers admirably that the Wind is a flux of Air acted by a more violent motion, occasioned by the influence of heat on the Vapours, which by its impetuous action produces a great quantity of new Air that pushes the other violently. Vitru∣vius.
• Aeolus, a King of those Islands very Hospitable, he taught his People to use Sails, and by observing the Fire or Smoak of Strongyle, could predict how the Winds would blow, whence the Poets call'd him God of the Winds. He was also a Skilful Astrologer, which contributed to this Fiction. There were three of this Name.

• Aeon, the Name which Valentinian the Heresiarch gave to the Deity, which he distinguishes in 30, 15 Male and 15 Female, and of them, he says, came the Saviour of the World. Tertullian Contra Valent.
• Aepalius, a Grecian King, who being expell'd his Kingdom, and restored by Hercules, out of Gratitude, he Adopted as Successor, Hylas eldest Son to Hercules. Strabo.
• Aepulo, a King of the Istrians, or Histrians, who having taken the Camp of the Roman General A. Manlius, was so in∣tent on the Booty, Wine and good Cheer, that the Romans rallying again defeated him; and as some say, pursuing him to Nesactium, he kill'd himself, rather than he would fall into their hands. But Florus, Lib. 2. Cap. 10. says, he was so Drunk when taken, that he could scarcely be brought to be∣lieve that he was a Prisoner, when his Drunkenness was off. Livius.
• Aepytus, a King of Arcadia, who entring Neptunes Tem∣ple on Horseback, thô forbidden, was of a sudden struck blind by Sea-Water which sprung upon him; and afterward killed by the biting of a Serpent as a Hunting. Homer. Pausanias.
• Aërius, a Presbyter of the 4th Century, about 349. who is said to have turned Arian, because Arianism obtain'd then in the Court of Constance; and that he was not made Bishop of Schasta in Armenia. The Heresies charged on him and his Followers called Aërians are, That they held there was no differ∣ence betwixt Bishops and Presbyters; That they opposed Lent, Prayers for the dead, and celebrating Easter; That they held the Son to differ from the Father, as the Instrument from the Ar∣tist; and that the Spirit differs from them, as Time and Place differ from those that use them; and that the words, from whom, by whom, and in whom, differ among themselves. They are also said to condemn Marriage, and urge Absti∣nence. Epiph. Aug. Oenuphrius.
• Aerope, Daughter of Atreus, who being debauch'd by her Uncle Thyestes, had two Sons by him at a Birth, both which Atreus slew, and set before his Brother to eat. The Title of one of Seneca's Tragedies. Also the Daughter of Cepheus, who being deflower'd by Mars died in Childbed, though the Infant liv'd and was call'd Aeropus after her Name: As also Lacturnus, because he suck'd his Mothers Breasts so strongly that tho' she was dead, he forced out the Milk. Pausan.
• Aeropus, succceeded his Father Philip I. while an Infant, in the Kingdom of Macedon, A. M. 3456. The Illyrians taking the advan••••ge of his Minority, made war upon the Macedonians and defeated them. Whereupon setting their young King at the Head of the Army, they were so encouraged, that they Ral∣lied again, beat the Enemy and obtain'd a great Victory. Justin.
• Aesacus, Pr••am's Son by Alyxothoe, Daughter of Drymas; much addicted to Hunting. He fell so passionately in Love with He••peria, that he left his Father's Court and follow'd her in the Woods: But she flying from him, was stung to death by a Serpent, which he seeing, threw himself from a Rock into the Sea. However Thetis taking compassion of him transform'd him into a Didapper. Ovid Metam.
• * Ae••••••ines, an Athenian Tragy-Poet and Eloquent Orator in the CVI. Olympiad, was Competitor with Demosthenes for same; but Demosthenes defended himself so well, that Aeschi∣nes, was Banish'd his Country, and retired to Rhodes. Diog. Laertius reckons seven more of the same name, all Noted Orators or Philosophers, and one Statuary. Plut.
• Aeschines, the name of one of the three Sects that sprung out of the Heresie of the Montanists, who, among other things, affirmed Christ to be both Father and Son. Epiphan.
• * Aeschylus, the 12th Judge of Athens, who Govern'd the City 21 years; in the second year of whose Reign the Olympick Games were instituted at Elis. The 1st Olympiad being An. Mund. 3174.
• Aesch••lus, Brother to Cynegyras, a good Tragedian and ex∣cellent Soldier. He was told by the Oracle he should be kill'd by the Fall of a House; whereupon he left Sicily to dwell in the open Field, where an Eagle flying over his Head with a Tortoise in her Bill, took his Bald-head for a Stone, and let∣ting the Tortoise fall to break the Shell, beat out his Brains. He is highly commended by Horace. Val. Maximus Vossius.
• Aesculanus and Argentinus, certain Deities who were sup∣pos'd to have power to enrich Men. Also Memory ador'd un∣der the same Name by the Romans. Budeus.
• Aesculapius, Son of Apollo by the Nymph Coronis, Daugh∣ter of Phlegus: He was cut out of his Mothers Belly (whom Apollo had Stab'd for her familiarity with Ischys) and deliver'd to Chyron to be instructed in Physick: Others say, that being expos'd on a Mountain, he was suckl'd by a Goat. At the re∣quest of Diana, he restored Hyppolitus to Life, who had been torn in pieces by his Horses; for which Jupiter kill'd him with a Thunderbolt. He freed Rome from the Plague, for which they built him a Temple, and Worshipped him under the form of a Serpent; most Countries offering him a Dunghil-Cock in Sacrifice, only the Cyreneans offer'd a She-Goat. He had two Sons, eminent Physicians also, Machaon and Podalirius; and three Daughters, Hygiea, Aegle, and Panacea. The whole Story is suppos'd by Pausanias to be Enigmatical, and that by Aesculapius is meant Air; by Hygiaea, perfect Health; and Appollo, or the Sun purifying the Air. Homer, Plutarch. Vossius.
• Aeson, Son of Cretheus, Brother of Pelias, and Father of Jason. He was by Medea, at the request of Jason, with the help of her Charms and Hot Baths, restor'd to his youthful vigour when very old. Also a River in Thessalia which falls into the River Meta, with a City upon it of the same name. Ovid.
• Aesop, Born at Ammorius in Phrygia major, was of a mean Birth, and contemptible Presence, being Flat-Nos'd, Hunch-Back'd, Blubber-Lip'd, having a long, ill-shap'd Head, Crook∣ed Body, Big-belly, Bandy-Leggs, and Swarthy-Complexion, whence he took his Name Aesopus quasi Aethiopus; He is also said to have been very unhappy in his utterance, and scarcely to be understood, which was the most afflicting part of his misfortune. He liv'd when Craesus Govern'd Lydia, and had been twice bought and sold before he was purchas'd by Xan∣thus, from a little before his entrance into whose Service, we shall date his Adventures.
• Being sent with other Slaves to be sold at Ephesus, each of them must carry a burthen, and Aesop being weakest had his choice which he would bear, and pitching upon the Pannier of Bread, which was twice as heavy as any of the rest, they laughed at him as a Fool; but after a Meal or two he had nothing to carry but the empty Basket, which convinced his Comrades of their mistake. Arriving at Ephesus, his Ma∣ster quickly sold all his Slaves except Aesop, a Musician, and an Orator, upon which he carried them to Samos, habited ac∣cording to their Profession, setting Aesop betwixt them for a Fool; being in open Market, Xanthus a Philosopher, with his Scholars, passing by, was mightily pleased with the other two, and asking them what they could do? The one answered, Any thing; and the other, Every thing; at which Aesop fell a Laugh∣ing. Xanthus's Pupils enquiring the Cause, he told them, If their Master ask'd he would acquaint him. The Philosopher not agreeing for the other two, was about going his way; but his Scholars prevail'd with him to ask at Aesop also what he could do; who readily answered, Nothing at all. How so says Xanthus? Because my Companions, says the other, under∣take every thing; so that there is nothing left for me to do. Which discovered the Cause of Aesop's Laughter, and also his Wit. Well, says Xanthus, If I should buy you will you be honest? Yes, says Aesop, whether you buy me or not. Ay, but says Xanthus, Won't you run away? Did you ever hear of a Bird in a Cage, says Aesop, that would tell he intended to escape? Xanthus being pleased with his Wit, replies, But your deformed shape will always expose you to Hooting and Gaping. Aesop Answers, A Philosopher should va∣lue a Man's Mind, not his Body: Which hightned Xanthus's good opinion of him; so that he bought him alone, thô his Master offered him into the bargain, if he would buy the other two. Xanthus presenting this new Servant to his Wife, she was so enraged, That she scolded her Husband severely for his Merchandise; who putting it upon Aesop to pacify his Mistress with some witty expression, Aesop made her stark mad, by saying, From the Mercy of Fire, Water, and a wicked Woman, Good Lord deliver us: But sweetned her again, by advising her to rank her self amongst Vertous Women. Sometime after, Xanthus being ask'd by a Gardner, why the Weeds grew faster in his Garden than the Plants he nourish'd, Aesop Laugh'd at his Master's Answer, who refer'd it to Providence; and acquainted the Gardner, That his Garden was a Mother to the Weeds, but Stepmother to the Plants. Aesop's Mistress and her Husband being at continual jars, she at last left him, which rendred the poor Uxorious Philosopher very pensive; whom Aesop pittying, contriv'd the following trick to bring her back: He goes about Town to cheapen Provisions of all sorts for a Marriage Treat, acquainting every body, That his Master was to be Married again; which coming to his Wifes ears, she posted home to her Husband, and told him, she would forbid the Banes; which Xanthus looking upon as one of Aesop's Master-pieces, his Wife and he were reconcil'd, and for joy, charges Aesop to make the best Provision he could, to entertain his Friends the Philosophers at a Feast; whereupon Aesop provided Tongues for all the Services, dres∣sing them only in a different manner. His Master be∣ing enrag'd, ask'd him in a furious passion, Is this according to my order? Aesop answered readily, You bid me make the best pro∣vision that I could; and if the Tongue be the Key of Knowledg, what could be a more suitable Banquet for Philosophers? With which Xanthus being silenced, invites his Friends again next day, and bid him prepare the worst Entertainment he could think of; and accordingly Aesop provides Tongues again, telling his Raging Master, exasperated at this 2d affront, That there is no wickedness in which the Tongue has not a share, and consequent∣ly the worst entertainment he could think of. And to one of the Company, who said, that this Fellow was enough to make any man mad, he answered, That He was too curious to meddle in other Mens matters; and it would seem he had little business at home. Xanthus replied, Sirrah, seeing you say this Gentleman is too curious, go find me out a Man that has no curiosity at all, or I'll lace your Coat for ye. Aesop goes abroad, and finding a Lazy Fellow lolling at his ease, as having nothing to do, he invites him to Supper with his Master, the Clown promised he would, without Ceremony, and follows Aesop streight into the Parlour, dirty as he was, throws himself down upon a rich Couch without any more ado; and Xanthus coming in to

• Supper, asks who he was? Aesop answers, The Man that you sent me for that has no curiosity in him at all. Xanthus thinking himself Cock-sure of an occasion against Aesop, now whispers his Wife, and tells it her with a great deal of Joy, bidding her observe his Directions, and he would soundly drub Aesop, and so calling to her aloud, bids her bring a Bason to wash his Guests Feet, and bad him put forth his Feet for that end, little thinking the Fellow would have done it, but the Clown after some mumbling, answered, Well, if it be the Custom of the House, it is not for me to be against it, and so stretched out his dirty Feet to her. Xanthus being disappointed in this, after having eaten some time, takes a Bumper full of Drink, and gives it to the Fellow, not doubting but he would have had the Civility to say, After you Sir, but Clodpate sups up his Liquor without saying a word, and gives Xanthus the empty Pot again; being disappointed a second time, he makes a third essay, and seeing the Clown feed unmercifully upon one Dish, falls in a heavy rage, and sends for the Cook, threat∣ning to have him bastinado'd in the Parlour before them all for not dressing the said Dish better; thinking, that because the Fellow like'd it, he would certainly excuse the Cook, but not a Mum. Xanthus resolves on a fourth trial, and perceiving his Guest swallowing down the Cakes and Pies by shoals, sends for his Pastry Cook, and threatens to bang him foundly for not seasoning them better; The Fellow replies, that he had put in all that his Mistress allowed him; Then Xanthus think∣ing he had at last hit his Mark, says in great fury to his Wife, that seeing it was her fault, she must strip immediately to prepare for the Dog Whip, not questioning but the Fellow would have so much good nature, as to interpose for a Woman of Ho∣nour, but in stead of that the Brute drivels out a Proverb, What have I to do, to quench other Peoples Fires? And desiring Xanthus to stay a little, told him, that he would go home and fetch his own Wife too, that so they might take the Lash by turns. At which, tho' Xanthus was mad to find himself disap∣pointed, yet he could not but laugh at the Clownishness of his Guest, and confess that Aesop had brought him a Man who had no Curiosity at all.
• Xanthus afterward sending Aesop on an Errand, he answered a Magistrate who ask'd him whether he was going, That he knew not; which the Magistrate taking as a banter, ordered him to be Committed; upon which Aesop said, Is it not true now that I knew not whether I was going, for can you imagine that I thought of going to Prison; whereat, the Magistrate being pleased, re∣leased him. Xanthus being drunk, undertook to drink up the Sea by such a time, on certain Conditions, or to lose his House and Land, and pull'd his Ring off to Seal the Agreement; but missing his Ring next morning, he ask'd Aesop if he had seen it, who answered, That he knew not what was become of his Ring, but he was sure he had lost his House and Land, and so acquainted him with his Bargain, which he had quite forgot; whereat Xanthus being amazed, desired Aesop's Ad∣vice, which he gave him thus: That he should go to the Shoar, take up a large Glass full of Sea Water, and tell his Antagonists that he was ready to perform his Bargain, but they must stop the Rivers from running into it, for he did not undertake to drink them; which he did accordingly, came off with applause, while his Enemy was hiss'd out of the Field. Xanthus on a time sent Aesop into the Yard to look about him, telling him, that if he saw two Crows he should have good luck, and if he saw but one, he should have bad, whereupon Aesop returns, and tells him he saw two. Xan∣thus going out, that he might share in the good luck, saw but one, and coming in again, ordered Aesop to be whip'd for mocking him; Mean time comes in one to Invite Xanthus abroad to Supper, which Aesop immediately laying hold upon, says, Master, Where's the Credit of your Angury now, when I who saw two Crows am to be whipt like a Dog, and you who saw but one, are invited abroad to be Merry, which sav'd him from the Lash at that time. After this as Aesop and his Master were walking together, he discovered a hidden Treasure by a Greek Inscription, for which his Master promised him his Liberty, and one half of it, if he would teach him how he understood the Inscription, wherein he fail'd, laid Aesop in Chains, and upon his reproaching him with breach of Promise he took them off, but advis'd him to bridle his Tongue, if he ex∣pected his Liberty, which Aesop told him he should have in a few days, whether he would or not, and accordingly it fell out thus: An Eagle having snatched up the Ring on which was the Town Seal, the Citizens looking upon it as an ill Omen, consulted their Wise Men, and especially Xanthus about it, who taking time for his Answer, found he could do nothing in it, and growing pensive, acquainted Aesop with the Cause, and the danger he was in as to his Life and Reputation. Aesop advises him to signifie to the Senate, that Augury was not a Philosophers Province, and consequently did not fall under his Cognizance, but that he had a Servant who could give them satisfaction on that Head; and so, says Aesop, you will be excus'd, and if I miscarry, the disgrace will be mine. Xanthus not perceiving his drift, did accordingly; and when Aesop appear'd, the Senate flouted at him for his deformity, which he reprehending, wisely told them, it was not the Comeliness of Personage, but Strength of Reason which they now needed; whereat they bid him say on what he could for the Common good. He answered, that he was ready to serve them, but judg'd it not for their Honour that they should be advis'd by a Slave, and therefore urged, that he might first be made free, which judging reasonable, they ordered Xan∣thus to be paid his Ransom, and he seeing that he must part with him, made a present of him to the Senate. So Aesop being now a Freeman, told them, that the Omen signified their danger of losing their Liberty by a King: And accord∣ingly Craesus K. of Lydia in a little time demanded Tribute of them, or threatned War. The Samians were for Compliance at first, but Aesop's Advice diverted them; which Craesus under∣standing, he offered to stop the Course of his Arms, if they would send him Aesop; who acquainted them that he was willing to go, but put them in mind of the disaster which befell the Sheep, when for Peace with the Wolves, they gave the Dogs that guarded them for Hostages; upon which the Samians resolved not to part with him, but go he would; and by his Prudence appeas'd the Kings Anger against himself, and procured Peace to the Samians, telling the King, That he himself was like the Grasshopper, which being catch'd by a Boy, prevail'd with him to spare its Life, because its Death could do him no good. At his return the Samians receiv'd him with great Joy, and erected him a Statue. After which he went to Craesus's Court, and for his use Composed the Apo∣logues which still bear his Name; and having a mind to see Babylon, took Greece in his way, where he had Philosophical Converse with the 7 Wise Men, and a Debate about the Form of Government, Aesop being for Monarchy, and they for a Common-Wealth. Arriving at Babylon, he rendered himself extreamly serviceable to the King in resolving of Riddles and Knotty Questions, by which the Princes of those days chal∣leng'd one another; and having no Children, he adopted one Ennus, of whose Education he took as much care as if he had really been his own; but this Villain Counterfeited Aesop's Hand to Treasonable Letters against the King, to whom he carries them with a seeming Reluctancy, alledging, That Loy∣alty had surmounted all other Obligations of Duty and In∣terest. The K. not suspecting the Fraud, ordered Aesop im∣mediately to be put to death, but those who received the Charge knowing his Innocence, and the Kings Passion, hid Aesop, and gave out that he was dead. A little after Amasis K. of Egypt sends to the K. of Babylon for an Architect to build a Tower in the Air, and one who could resolve all Questions. Labynetus being at a loss what to Answer, wisht that he could recover Aesop's Life again, though with the half of his King∣dom, upon which those who had saved him acquainted the K. that he was yet alive: And bringing him before the K. he made his Innocence so manifest, that his Accuser was imme∣diately ordered to be put to death by the most Exquisite Tor∣ments, but Aesop begged his Pardon. And having the K. of Egypt's Letter given him to consider of, he sent him word, That he should receive the Satisfaction he desired next Spring, and in the mean time taking home his Son Ennus again, he writ Instructions to direct him to a Virtuous Life; as that he should worship God with sincerity of Heart, and without Ostenta∣tion, knowing that he is Omnipresent and Almighty, and abundance more tending to the most refined Morality; but all without effect upon Ennus, who grew worse and worse, and being at last stung in Conscience for his Ingratitude, died in despair. The Spring being come, Aesop went into Egypt, answered all Amasis's Questions, and having bred Eagles to carry up little Children in Baskets into the Air, (as some Au∣thors have it) told him there were his Architects to build, if he could find Labourers to carry them Stone and Mortar. Amasis being mightily taken with his Wit, returned him Loaden with Honours and Rewards to Babylon. Whence his fate drew him to Delphos, where he flattered himself with hopes of Converse with Wise Men, but missing his expecta∣tion, he reprehended the Delphians by this Fable, That he was like those who being on the Shoar see something come hulling toward them far off at Sea, which they hope will be some great matter, but at last it proves only a heap of Weeds and Rubbish. The Magi∣strates being offended at his freedom, and thinking that he would revile them elsewhere, they contrived his ruine by a Form of Justice, for which end conveying a Consecrated Golden Cup into his Baggage as ready to depart, they pursued and charged him with Sacriledge, and finding the Cup which he knew nothing of, he was condemned to be thrown head∣long from a Rock, and though he displayed his Innocence with the utmost of Wit and Eloquence, it avail'd him not, no more then did his flying to the Altar, and his Fables of the Frog and Mouse and Eagle and Beetle, for die he must right or wrong, and so he concluded his Life with a threatning, that the Gods would revenge his death, and a Satyrical Applica∣tion of the Fable, how a Man lamented that he should be destroyed by an Ass the basest of Beasts; whereupon the en∣raged Delphians threw him headlong from the Rock, for which injustice and cruelty they were speedily visited with Famine and Pestilence, and consulting the Oracle to know the cause, found it to be their Treatment of Aesop; which obliged them to erect a Pyramid to his Honour, while the Principal of the Conspirators reveng'd his Death by depriving themselves of Life. Sir R. L'Estrange's Life of Aesop. It is to be Noted, that this Learned and Eloquent Author discovers several

• blunders of Chronology in the Story of Aesop, which make some of the abovementioned Relations inconsistent with truth, but it is sufficient that we acquaint the Reader that Aesop was certainly a great Man, as is acknowledged by all, and his Works are a better Encomium then any that we can give him, though the Learned are not agreed neither which are genuine, and which are supposititious.
• Aesopus the Lame, a famous Tragaedian, and Cicero's in∣timate Friend. He got such a vast Estate by Acting, that he made one Supper which cost him 100 Sesterces: And his Son was so Extravagant, that he dissolved Pearls in all his Drink. Pliny, Horace.
• Aesymnus, a Megarensian, who abhorring the Tyranny of their Kings, consulted Apollo, what would be the best Course for the Magarensians to Govern the Commonwealth by, was answer'd, They should consult the MOST; which he understood to be the Dead, and erected a Tomb to Deceased Hero's, with a Council Chamber round it, that those Hero's might be present at their Consultations. Also a Grecian Prince slain by Hector. Pausan.
• * Aettetta, a Woman of Laodicea, that had lived a long time with a Husband, and afterward became a Man, changing her Name into Aetetus. Seen by Phlegon Trallianus, as he says in his Treatise of Wonders.
• Aethalides, Son of Mercury, Priviledg'd to be sometimes in the State of the Living, sometimes of the Dead. He also begg'd of his Father, that, whether alive or dead, he might remember all things that ever he had done. And this was he whose Soul Pythagoras boasted was transmigrated into him∣self. Laertius, lib. 8.
• Aethiopia is divided into Superior and Inferior, the Supe∣rior is bounded on the East with the Red Sea, &c. on the West with Nubia, &c. on the North with Egypt, and on the South with the Mountains of the Moon, which part it from the Lower Ethiopia. It's also called Regnum Abyssinum from the Abysines who inhabit there. It is reckoned 1500 miles long, and half as broad. It contains other Kingdoms besides the Abyssines; and on the West of Nile live Canibals; Trogloditae and Regio Cinnamonifera are also comprehended in it. Of the Trogloditae, Pomponius Mela says, that their Houses were Caves, their Food Serpents, and their Speech a gnashing of the Teeth. The Aethiopians were of old reckoned good Astrologers, and the best of Archers. Christianity was first brought among them by Q. Candaces, Eunuch, Baptized by Philip, An. Ch. 44. and further propagated by St. Matthew; They Circumcise and Baptize both Males and Females, give the Eucharist streight after Baptism; They own but one Nature in Christ, they al∣low the 3 first General Councils; make their Priests work for their Living; They Baptize themselves on Epiphany in Lakes and Ponds, supposing Christ was Baptized that day; They eat no Beast forbid by the Old Law; They observe both Sa∣turday and Sunday, hold the Seminal propagation of the Soul, and that Infants dying unbaptized, are sanctified in the Mo∣thers Womb by the Eucharist; They receive in both Kinds; allow their Clergy to Marry, and renounce the Church of Rome. The Country is not populous. And Pliny says the Ground is so hot that they cannot walk without Shoes, and roast their Meat in the Sun; He says also, that they have a Lake whose Waters are 6 times in 24 hours salt and unplea∣sant, but at other times palatable. The Country abounds with all sorts of Corn, Cattle, and Mines, their Forrests with Venison, and Rivers with Fishes; but the People are lazy and improve none of them. The Provinces of this Aethiopia are said to make up 70 Kingdoms. In Guagere, one of them, it's said, that when the Sun is in Leo and Taurus, the People cast no Shadow, and live 120 years. The Womens Teats are so big, that they throw them over their Shoulders for the Chil∣dren to suckle. Here is the City of Saba, which the People say was the Residence of the Q. of Sheba which came to Solo∣mon; it is said to be exceeding Stately. In Tigremaon are the Ruines of a City with Pillars 60 Foot high, like the Egyptian Obelisks, with illegible Inscriptions; it is thought to have been Q. Candace's Seat. In Angote the People eat but once in 24 hours, and that in the night, their Diet is raw Venison or smoak'd Beef, and their Money Salt, Pepper, and Iron. In Amara is a Mountain of that name, in a large Plain, 90 miles round at bottom, a days Journy in height, the Rock as smooth as a polish'd Wall, and growing lesser and lesser toward the top. The Way up is cut within the Rock, with holes for light; The Ascent is impregnably fortified, but so easie that one may ride up on Horseback. In the middle is a spacious Hall to rest in. On the top is a large Plain 20 Leagues round, compassed with a high Wall; on the South is a rising Hill with a sweet Spring, which waters the Gardens and Palaces, and forms a Lake for Cattle. The Plain abounds in Corn and Fruits of all sorts, hath 2 Monasteries with 1500 Knights of St. Anthony in each, and 34 Palaces, where the Emperor's youngest Sons are inclosed to avoid sedition, and there they have Royal Education, and failing Succession, the hopefullest is made Emperor. In one of the Palaces is said to be a famous Library, with many Books totally lost elsewhere, as the Oracles of Enoch, the Mysteries which escaped the Flood En∣graven by him on Pillars; and also Livie's Whole Works. In Damut the Oxen are as great as Elephants, and their Horns so large as to make Tankards or Barrels. Here are also said to be Unicorns; and a Mountain of great height and difficult access, whence the Nobles condemned by the Emperor are thrown headlong. In Goiamy is store of Gold, and many Rivers, which falling from the Hills equals the noise of Thun∣der. Here the Abassins say are the Fountains of Nilus, and Lakes with Tritons and Mermaids; and adjoining to the same a Province of Amazons instituted by the Q. of Sheba, their Q. being always a Virgin. Here they pretend also to have the Phaenix, Griffons, and Fowls which make a Shadow like a Cloud. In Bagamedrum are Mines of pure Silver, which is extracted by Fire like long Rods. In Barnagasso is a Mountain of Pyramidical form, of very difficult ascent, and near the summet they must be drawn up by Cords and Baskets, it's a League in circuit at top, and abounds with Provisions for 500 Men, which makes it impregnable. It hath also a Royal Palace. In this Country is Bisam a Monastery on the top of a Rock having 3000 Monks in it. In Dobas they suffer no Man to Marry till he kill 12 Christians. In Adel are Sheep whose Tails weigh 25 pounds, and Cows with Horns like a Stag, and some of them but one Horn, which is in the Forehead, of about a foot and half long bending backwards. This Country hath freed it self from under the Emperor of the Abyssines of late. In Adea the People are only cloathed from the Girdle downward, and fight with poisoned Arrows. In Fatigar is a Mountain 12 miles round, with a Lake on the top stored with Fish. The Emperor of this Aethiopia is com∣monly called Prester John or Presbyter John, from one who they say was both Priest and King, but it's rather thought that it should be Praestigian or Prestegan, which is as much as to say Apostolical: He looks upon himself to be descended from Solomon by the Q. of Sheba, who came to Jerusalem, A. M. 2954. and assumes the following Titles, viz. N. N. Supream of his Kingdoms, and the Beloved of God, the Pillar of Faith, sprung from the Stock of Judah, the Son of David, the Son of Solomon, the Son of the Column of Sion, the Son of the Seed of Jacob, the Son of the Hand of Mary, the Son of Nahu after the Flesh, the Son of Peter and Paul after the Spirit, Emperor of the Higher and Lesser Aethiopia, and of the most mighty Kingdoms, Dominions, and Countries of Xoa, Goa, &c. and Goyami, where are the Fountains of the Nile, Saba∣rim the Birth-place of the Q. of Sheba, and the Lord of all the Regions unto the Confines of Egypt. His Subjects are part Christians, part Mahumetans, his Dominions are much les∣sened; and his Chief Stay is St. Anthony's Order of Knight∣hood, to which every Gentleman must destinate a Son, if he have above two, and out of these they cull 12000 Horse for the Emperor's Guard. The Abbots of this Order, which is partly Religious partly Military, live in Amara abovemen∣tioned, where these Knights are Educated when young, and maintained when old. This Empire hath declin'd much since the last Age, both by Foreign and Intestine Wars; They had once recourse to the Portuguese for help, and thereupon offered subjection to the See of Rome, in the year 1440 sent Ambassadors thither, and admitted their way of Worship, but the Son of Basilides abolish'd it in 1632, and submitted to the Patriarch of Alexandria again. The Emperors here have been so powerful as to assist the Egyptian Christians with 100000 Negro Horsemen at a time. The Heathens alledge this Country to have been the first Peopled, because nearest the productive heat of the Sun, which they supposed to have formed Man as it does Monsters out of the Slime of the Nile. But Christians think them to be descended from Cush the Son of Cham: Some are of opinion that they were originally black, but others, as Vossius, that they made themselves so at first by Art, and afterwards it became Natural, as it was with the Macrocephali in relation to their long Heads. And some write that their Emperor is always white, has no fixt Palace, but places his Tabernacle where he pleases: He is so much reverenced, that at his bare Name the People bow their Bo∣dies, touch the Ground with one of their Fingers, and reve∣rence his Pavilion tho' he be not in it, and he never appears to them but with a Crown on his Head, and a Silver Crucifix in his Hand, and his Face covered with Taffata, which he lifteth up and putteth down according as he is minded to grace those he speaks with. Heylin, Hoffman, and Nubiensis.
• Aethiopia Inferior has the Red Sea on the East, the Aethio∣pick Ocean on the West, Aethiopia Superior on the North, and the Main Ocean on the South. The People are distinguished by their Diet in Anthropophagi and Ichthyophagi. The Coun∣try is Mountainous in the West, sandy in the midst, and Desart in the East. The great Snow which falls from the Mountains of the Moon occasions the Fens of Nilus, and here are Rhinocerots, white Elephants, and Tygers. The Lake of Zembre 50 miles round, is in this Country, and famous for giving Birth to the greatest Rivers in the World; 1. The Nile, which runs through this and the other Aethiopia, and Egypt, and ends his long Course in the Mediterranean; 2. Zaire, the greatest of Africk, which disgorgeth himself in the Western Ocean by a mouth 28 miles wide; 3. Cuama, which is Na∣vigable 700 miles, and falls into the Indian Sea; 4. The River of the Holy Ghost which ends in the South. This Country is divided into 4 parts. In Zanguebac one of them, the People are much given to Divination and Witchcraft,

• Naked above the Wast, and underneath covered with Boar∣skins, or strip'd colour'd Suff. Such as live on the Sea have Boats sowed together with Leathern Thongs, and Caulked with Gum, using Palm-tree Leavs for Sails. In Quilea, a Province of Zanguebar, their Women are comely, and almost white; they are said to sow up the Privities of their Female Children, except so much as to void Urine, and keep them carefully at home till Married; when if the Husband find not this sign of Virginity, he turns her off with shame, and her Parents receive her with disgrace. In Mosambique, ano∣ther Province, are Hens of Black Feathers, Flesh and Bones, making Broth black as Ink, but very pleasant to the taste. The people were so ignorant, that for a Shirt, a Razor and little Bell, they sold 15 Kine to the Portuguese, and then fell out about the Bell. The chief City is called also Mosambique, possessed by the Portuguese, having a good Haven and strong Castle, and is a place of such Trade, that the Governor of the Castle, who is changed every three years, lays up 300000 Ducats; for which he is to serve other three years at his own Charge in some other place in the Indies. In Sofala, a Pro∣vince subject to the Portuguese, are plenty of Goldmines: As there are also in Monoemug, which the People barter for Silks and Stuffs from the Portuguese; but use Red Counters, much resembling Glass, for Money. In this Province are Canibals, who make themselves of an horrible aspect, by drawing Lines upon their Cheeks, and turning their Eye-lids backward. In Monomotapa the 2d Division, they are said to kill 5000 Elephants yearly to sell their Teeth; and have 3000 Gold Mines, which are discovered there by the barrenness of the ground. The Men are little, but Couragious; and out∣run Horses. Their Women so much respected, that the Em∣peror will give way to any of them. They solemnize the first Flux of the Menses with a liberal Feast; because after that they may Marry. The Men may have as many Wives as they will. In Torra are Goldmines, with an impregnable fortress of hewen Stone, and prodigious bigness, without Cement, and the Walls 25 Spans thick. The Inhabitants ascribe the work to the Devil, and others to Solomon, who, as they say (but falsly) had the Gold of Ophir hence. Inhaban is Governed by a King of its own, who is subject to the Emperor of Mo∣nomotapa. The King and Queen of this place were Baptized by a Spanish Jesuite Anno 1568. but we hear nothing of the further Progress of Christianity there. This King exacts no Tribute of his Subjects, but only some days Services: He keepeth the Heirs of his Tributary Kings as Hostages of their Fathers Loyalty. He is said to have a Battalion of Ama∣zons about the Lake Zambre. His Guards are Bands of Mer∣cenaries, and 200 Mastives. His Subjects serve him upon the Knee, and when he Coughs or Drinks, shout so as the Town rings again. To sit in his Presence is a sign of Reve∣rence; and to stand is the mark of greatest Honour. He kill'd the Jesuit who Baptized him; and defeated the Portu∣guese who would have revenged it. Caffraria, another of the Divisions, is a large Country, pleasant and fruitful, but inhabited by the rudest of People, who have no Houses, nor Cloaths, but Skins of Beasts as torn from their Carcases; their Complexion is Black, their Lips thick, Noses flat, Heads long, and Ears Monstrous, hanging beneath their Shoulders, by reason of ponderous things which they hang in them, as Glass, Bullets, Bells, &c. They reckon that slashes beautify them, and therefore cut their very Bellies. Their Voice is scarcely Articulate: Their food is raw flesh, and their great∣est Ornaments the Guts of Beasts, which they hang about their Necks with the filth in them. The Imbians a People of this Country, not far from the Cape of Good Hope, are strong and addicted to War; feed on the Bodies of their dead Friends and Conquered Enemies, and drink in their Skulls: Their Weapons are Poysoned Arrows, and Poles burnt at the end. In their Wars they carry Fire before them, threatning to Boil and Roast all whom they overcome. They reckon their King Lord of the Earth, and the Portugu••se of the Sea; and this Monster is so Arrogant as to shoot his Poysoned Arrows against Heaven it self, when offended by Heat or Rain. In 1589. this People invaded Zanzibar with 80000 Men, took the City of Mombara, and eat up the Inhabitants. The Bay of Soldania in this Country, 16 Leagues N. W. of Cape Good Hope, is very large, the Country about pleasant and fruit∣ful, abounding with Medicinal, especially Anti-scorbutick Herbs: The English, in their way to the Indies, take in fresh Water and Provisions here; and some of them having brought two of the Barbarous Inhabitants for England, that they might learn our Language, and inform us of the state of the Country; one of them died, and the other, thô treated with all Civility, could never be contented, but continually bemoaning him∣self, was at last sent back, and re-assuming his Ancient Bar∣barous Apparel, would always come gladly to any English Ships in that Bay, with Guts of Beasts hanging about his Neck, and would do them all the good Offices he could; however he informed his Countrymen what small Value we put upon Brass, Iron and Beeds, which made them enhance the value of their Gold, which formerly they would have exchanged for those things, giving a much greater weight for a lesser. The Spanish Ships having often suffered loss about the Cape of Good Hope, occasioned the expostulation of a Spa∣nish Captain with God, why he suffered his good Catholicks to endure such torment, and the English Hereticks and Blas∣phemers to pass so easily. This Country is not subjected to any one Prince: And Capt. Fitzherbert is said to have first discovered it in King James's time. In Manicongo, the 4th Division, the Air in Winter is as temperate as the Autumn in Rome; so that the people neither change Garments, nor make more Fire than at another time. Their Nights and Days are near of an equal length, being situated under the Aequator; the Soil is exceeding fruitful, and they have Ele∣phants whose Teeth are of 200 l. weight; and Serpents so big as to devour a whole Dear at once. They are for most part Heathens; and sell annually 28000 Slaves to the Portu∣gals, who imploy them in Mines. Their King and Queen were Baptized by a Portuguese Jesuit, An. 1490. and the Peo∣ple received their first Bishop with extraordinary Honour, covering his way for 150 Miles with Mats, and offering him rich presents; but they soon after returned to Heathenism. Zaire, the greatest River of this Country, hath Cataracts more turbulent and terrible than those of Nile, and falls into the Sea with such violence, that the Waters retain their sweetness for 15 Miles together: Here there are Mountains abounding with Crystal, Salt, Nitre, and Silver Mines. In Angola, a Province in this Division, they have many Copper and Silver Mines; their chief Diet is Dogs which they Fat for the Shambles, and would give 20 Slaves to the Portuguese for a large Dog: They are skilful in Sorcery and Medicine, and are familiar with the Devil: They dig not their Mines for fear of War; but use Glass Beads for Money and Orna∣ment. The Portuguese, with a handful of Men, defeated a vast Body of this People, An. 1582. and built a Fort at An∣gola which commanded the Country; but were outed by the Hollanders, Anno. 1640. In Bamba are Beasts called Zebra, shap'd like a Mule; but from the ridge of the Back to the Belly, streaked with Lines of White, Black, and Yellow, pro∣portionably and pleasantly, and are extraordinary swift. The Men are so strong, that they will cut off the Head of an Ox, or a Slave in two at one blow; or carry in their Arms a Vessel of Wine of 325 l. weight, and hold it till drawn out. In Pemba they are Papists, and so well skilled in Phy∣sick, that every one is his own Doctor; they anciently wore Mats trimmed with Feathers; but now imitate the Portuguese. They have a Grain like Mustard, called Luco; which being ground with a Hand-mill makes very good Bread. In Batta the People are Warlike, and can raise 70000 Men well Arm∣ed, being obliged thereunto by a Neighbouring People called Jagges, and are Man-eaters, and strangle their own Children as soon as born, that they may not hinder their wandrings, and steal others of both Sexes from their Neighbours; but none under 20 years of Age to be a Seminary. In Sund are abundance of Martrons, Sables and Furrs, and rich Mines; but the Inhabitants preferr Iron to all the rest. In Anzi∣chana are cruel Canibals, who not only devour their Enemies but their Kindred; and have Shambles of Mans Flesh: They are such expert Bowmen, that they can discharge 28 Arrows ere the first fall to the Ground; and are exceeding faithful to their Masters. In Loango, the Inhabitants Cloath them∣selves with Palmtree Leavs, from which the Inhabitants of Congo draw a Thread whereof they make Velvets, Damasks, Sattans, Taffaties, Sarcenets, &c. In Loanda, where the Portuguese have a Castle and Haven, there are no Rivers, but every where good Water to be found on half a yard digging, which is brackish at the Ebbing of the Sea, and fresh when it flows. The Cockleshells gathered here being of divers Colours, are the currant Money of the Kingdom of Congo. There are Islands in the River Zaire in which Trees grow called Licendo, some of them so big, that of their Trunks are made Boats capable of holding 200 Men: And Anchoves abound here so much, that in the Winter they leap ashoar. The K. of Congo or Pemba turn'd Christian 1486. Alphonso the 2d Christian King Warring against his younger Brother, a Pa∣gan, whom he defeated, thô very much stronger, apprehend∣ing, that after the invoking the Name of Christ, he saw five shining Swords with their points towards the Enemy, hath since had five Swords for his Coat of Arms.
• Moreri says, that the true Prester John is a Prince of the Tartars in Tenduc in Asia; and that the Title of the Emperor of the Abyssines, is Beyve-Jan, or Belulgian, which is to say, John the Highly esteemed, or Enconne, which is Precious and Great. He adds, that within this 160 years, the Turks, and principally the Galans, have despoiled him of some of his principal Kingdoms; and that at present they have never a Sea-port. They have Vines, and good Wine in some places; but their ordinary Drink is Cider and Mead. In some Countries they have three Harvests, and Sow just when they have done Reaping; and abound so much with Gold, Silver and Copper Mines, besides others, that it's believed the Em∣peror of Abyssinia has Treasure enough to purchase several Worlds; but knows not how to make use of them. The People, he says, are Dextrous, Vigorous, and Witty; but Lazy; thô of late they are grown more Active and Warlike by their Trade with the Portuguese, and War with the Turks and Galans. The Portuguese first taught them the use of Fire-Arms. They are good-natur'd, great admirers of their

• Prince and Clergy; and very Religious. They have a pe∣culiar Language, which is easily pronounc'd and Learn'd; but their Worship is perform'd in Chaldaick which is their Learned Tongue. They alledge that Solomon accompanied their Queen with 12000 Men to her Frontiers; and when she brought forth her Son to him whom they call Menilehec, or the Son of the Wiseman, she sent him to be educated in the Jewish Religion; and Solomon returned him when of Age, enriched with Presents, and attended by Zadock and many Rabbies; and of this Line are the Princes and Nobility of Aethiopia, but these things are esteemed Fabulous; Whilst they were Heathens they Worshipped the Rising, and Cursed the Setting Sun; and their Priests could at any time per∣swade them (their Kings not excepted) to kill themselves, by telling them that Jupiter would not have them to live any longer.
• Ludolphus in his History of Aethiopia says, That the Inha∣bitants call themselves Hjopiawjan, and the particular Coun∣try Ag-azian, or the Land of Freemen. He adds, That their Thunders and Lightnings are dreadful; and their Rain falls down in such Torrents, that it carries away Stones and Trees before it: That their Spring begins on the 25th of September, their Summer on the 25th of December; and their Winter on the 25th of June: That their Days and Nights are almost equal in length; and that they have no twilight. That the Country is generally full of Mountains, much higher than the Alps or Pyrenées, but level, spacious, well in∣habited, and fruitful on the top; yet of such difficult ascent, that they use Cranes and Ladders to get up to them. Their Cattel are very large; their Horses and Camels Couragious and Stout. The People are generally proper, comely, and well-shaped, thô Black or Swarthy; their Cavalry is good; they sight with Swords, Darts or Javelins, and use Targets. They have few Books but the Scriptures, a Chronicle and Treaty of Philosophy. Neither have they any good Artifi∣cers. To pass by their Ancient Kings, of whom there's very little recorded. Zara Jacob who sent Ambassadors to the Council of Florence, was one of the most remarkable, be∣ing in Battel against the Galans, and perceiving his Troops ready to fly, he lighted from his Horse, and called out aloud, Here will I die, and you may fly if you please, to avoid the fury of the Gallans; but can never fly the ignominy of deserting your Prince: Which inspired them with fresh Courage, so that they obtain'd a Signal Victory. Their Kings sit at Table alone; their Messes not being very neat nor costly, are serv'd in black Clay Dishes, covered with Straw Caps finely woven. They use neither Knives, Forks, Spoons, nor Napkins; and thinking it below them to feed themselves, have Youths on purpose to put the Meat into their Mouths. They have no Towns, but live in Tents, which are always so numerous and orderly where the King is, that they resemble a great City; And they have also their Officers to prevent Disorders; and all things are so well managed, that they can remove speedi∣ly on all occasions without Confusion.
• The Emperor of Aethiopia sending two Ambassadors to Aureng Zeeb, the great Mogul, one of them was a Mahometan Merchant, the other an Armenian, he gave them 32 Slaves of both Sexes to be sold at Moka, to bear the Charge of the Ambassy; and 25 Choice Slaves for a present to the Mogul, 10 of which were young and sit to make Eunuchs of. A Slave is usually sold for 30 Crowns, to which he added 12 Horses, which are esteemed as much as those of Arabia.
• Aethra, Daughter of Oceanus and Thetys, and Wife of Atlas, by whom he had 12 Daughters, and 1 Son, who was stung to death with a Serpent; for which five of his Sisters did so continually weep, that they kill'd themselves: Whereupon Jupiter turn'd them into a Constellation call'd Hyades, which rising about St. Swithin's Day, commonly brings Rain. Also the Mother of Theseus, Daughter of Pytheus, and Wife of Aegeus. Aulus Gel. Ovid.
• Aërians, Hereticks, the Disciples of Arius, and Aëtius, call'd the Atheist; of which Sect were Eunomus, Eudoxus, Acacius of Caesarea, George of Alexandria, and many others. They were also call'd Eunomians and Anomians, because they held the Son to be every way different from the Father. Also Exccontians, and Troglodyts, from their meet∣ing in private Houses and Places. Thô this Sect was very Numerous, yet it was soon extinguish'd, having never been countenanc'd by any Emperor.
• Aëtius, founder of the foregoing Heresy; born at Antioch in Syria, being at first but a poor working Goldsmith, yet so diligent, that he wrought at his Trade in the Night, that he might apply himself to his Study in the Day, in which he grew so famous, that he worsted the Ancient Doctors in their Publick Disputations, which so disgusted the Catho∣licks, that they ejected him: Whereupon he turn'd Physi∣cian and Philosopher, and fell in with the Arians, and was ordain'd a Deacon by Leontius at Antioch, from whence he was Banish'd not long after for his Heresie. Sozomenus. Epipha∣nius.
• Aëtius, Governour of Gallia Narbonensis, in the Reign of Valent••nian the 3d, the greatest Captain of his time. He forced the Franks, who were pouring into Gaul under Clodion Sirnamed Long-Locks, to repass the Rhine, and overthrew him returning with a greater force in the year 431. He defeated the Goths that Ravag'd all the lower Languedoc and Provence; and overthrew Gundicaire King of the Burgundians, and then made a Peace. After this, Attila King of the Huns, invading Gaul with an Army of 700000 Men, made dreadful havock where e're he came. Aëtius therefore made a Peace with the Franks and Visigoths, having persuaded both them and the Burgundians to joyn with him against the Common Enemy, falls upon At∣tila, whom he first forc'd to raise the Siege of Orleans; and then pursuing him to the Catalaunic Fields, constrained him to a General Battel, wherein a Hundred and fourscore thou∣sand Men were slain on both sides, and the Huns quite over∣thrown. After all these great Actions, which purchas'd him the Title of Defender of the Empire, he was recall'd to Rome by Valentinian, where by the Treachery of Maximus, con∣tinually incensing the no less envious than jealous Emperor, against Aetius, as the only Eclipser of his Glory; He con∣ceiv'd so great a hatred against the only stay of his Em∣pire, that he kill'd him with his own hand, and extin∣guish'd all the Glory of the Western Empire. Aëtius had unjustly procured the ruine of Count Boniface, who had done the Emperor eminent Service in Africa, by suggesting that he designed a Revolt, and therefore Justice persued him, and also his ungrateful Master, from whose Hands he had de∣served better. This was about 454. Cassiodore, Procopius.
• Aë ius, the chief Eunuch in the Palace of the Empress Irene, and in so great power with her, that only Staucasius could counterbalance his Authority. These two, forgetting their Mistresses favours, made opposite Parties to advance their own Friends to the Empire: So that Irene weary with their Insolencies, sent Ambassadors to Charlemain to propose a Marriage between him and her self; and a Conjunction of the two Imperial Dominions: And the Match had been assuredly concluded, if Aëtius, who had all the power in his hands, had not oppos'd it to set up his Brother Leo. At length he became so hateful to the Grandees and Patricians, that they resolv'd to pull him down; which they did, by proclaiming Nicephorus Emperor. Eginhard vita. Car. Mag. Cedrenus. Theophanes.
• Aetna, now Mongibelle, the greatest Mountain in Sicily, eight Miles high, and sixty in Compass. It lies 15 Miles from Catana, and 50 from Messana, continually vomiting up Fire and Smoke, and many times throwing up Calcin'd Flints, and burning Cinders, from a Mouth no less than 24 Furlongs wide; and that with such a force, that they fly a considerable way before they fall. For this Reason the Poets feign'd it to be Vulcans Forge, where his Journey-men, the Cyclops were continually at work; and where Jupiter also threw down the Rebellious Giants into the Abyss. On the tops of this Mountain Snow and Fire are to be seen at the same time, while the sides are covered with delightful Woods and Vineyards. In the year 1669. Three whole Torrents of Fire issued from it; and with their flaming Inundations destroyed the Countrey for several Miles toge∣ther; more especially that part about Catana, where above 15 Castles were burnt. Trogus, Lib. 4. says, That the Ground of Sicily is full of Caverns and Spungy, and abounds with Mines of Sulphur; which by ••••e force of the Winds through the Caverns does at last take Fire: And hence he alledges the Burning of Aetna proceeds.
• Aetolia, now Il Despotato, a small Country of Achaia, on the North-side of the Western Bay of Corinth, Bordering up∣on Epirus, Acarnania, and the Locri; replenished formerly with many famous Cities, and seated almost in the very middle of Greece; now under the Dominion of the Turks. It was very Ancient, and much famed before the times of the Trojan War: Their most celebrated King was O••neus, whose eldest Son Meleagrus, being slain by a Boar, was much spoken of by the Poets. D••janira his Daughter was the Wife of Hercules; the Mother of Hyllus, whose Posterity Reigned many Ages over the Laconians; his second Son was Tydaeus. This Nation in after times planted many Colonies on the Coast of Italy.
• Aetolians, the Inhabitants of Aetolia, who are said to have first invented Lances. By reason of their continual Wars, and excess in Diet, they were drown'd in Debt. When the went to War, they were wont always to go with the Right Foot bare, that it might be more nimble in mo∣tion; but the Left Foot shod, as being the Center about which the other turns. Macrobius.
• * Aeviterns, certain Deities so call'd, because they re∣main'd to perpetuity; as Jupiter, who is stil'd Aeviternus by Ennius; and to these Deities Red Oxen were always offer'd in Sacrifice.

• Afra, a strong Castle on the Frontiers of Zara, built by Cherif Mahomet, King of Sus. It is always furnish'd with a strong Garison both of Horse and Foot, to suppress the In∣cursions of the Arabians out of the Desart into Numidia, at the entrance into which it stands, in a Soil fruitful in Dates, abounding with Goats, but bearing little either Rice or Wheat. Marmol.
• Afrania, the Wife of one Licinius Buccio, a Roman Senator, who having laid aside her Female Modesty, pleaded her own Law-Suits before the Pretors, filling the Court with Clamour.

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• * Agathocles, Son of Lysimachus, was taken in the War which his Father wag'd with the G••tes, and being return'd, then sail'd over into Asia, and subdu'd Antigonus's Kingdom. He also built the City of Ephesus by the Sea, into which he remov'd the Lebadii and the Cilophanians, after he had demo∣lished their own Cities. At length Lysimachus growing old, took to Wife Arsinoe the Sister of Lisander, who being afraid lest her Children should come into the power of Agathocles, upon the death of Lysimachus, contriv'd his death. Thô others say, That Arsinoe, falling in Love with Agathocles, she plotted his ruin, because he refus'd to answer her expecta∣tions. After this Murder she fled with her Children to Seleucus; against whom Lysimachus fought, but being de∣feated, died suddenly after. Strabo.
• Agathursi, a People of Scythia, where are now the Pro∣vinces of Cargapoli and Vologhida in Muscovia. Herodotus gives 'em the Character of the most effeminate of Men, and most sumptuous in their Apparel; to which he adds, That they made use of their Women in Common, that they might be all a kin, and of one Family: Their was neither hatred nor envy among 'em, but they liv'd in continual Peace, without Avarice or Ambition. But how this agrees with that of Juvenal.

• Sauromati{que} truces aut immanes Agathyrsi.

  is a question not yet decided by the Geographers. Virgil gives 'em the Epithete of Picti. And Solinus seems to inti∣mate as if they went Naked, and Colour'd themselves with Sky-colour; so uncertain are the reports of Antiquity. Some Authors say, that the Picts who inhabited Britain came from these People: And that from a Colony of them, the City of Poictiers, and Province of Poictou in France also takes Name. Herodotus, Du Chesne.
• Agave, the Daughter of Cadmus and Hermione, Wife of Echirion, the Theban, by whom she had Pentheus, who being an abstemious Person; and therefore despising the debauch'd Mysteries and Feasts of Bacchus, was torn Limb from Limb by his Mother in the midst of their Baccanalian fury, thô he were at the same time King of Thebes. This Fable is hand∣led with great Curiosity, by Ovid Metam.
• Agde, in Latin Agatha, a City of France, in the Lower Languedoc, strongly scituated on the River Eraut, which makes it a place of Trade: It has a Cathedral with 12 Ca∣nons, 4 of them dignified. It was formerly subject to Vis∣counts of its own. In 506. Alaric, thô an Arian, permitted the Meeting of a Council here of 31 Bishops, who made 71 Canons; ordering that none should be looked upon as Catho∣licks, but such as Communicated thrice a year. The Coun∣cel of Lateran afterward reduced it to once a year. This City is 7 Leagues from Narb••n, and 10 from Montpelier. Lab∣be Bini.
• * Agauri, a People Inhabiting the Mountains of Bagame∣drum, and Aethiopian Christians, who not induring the Inno∣vations of the Jesuits, Rebelled against the King of Abissinia, and calling one M••lacaxus of the Royal Family to their assist∣ance, reduced the King to great Streights, till their Ancient Religion was confirmed. Ludolphus, l. 3. & 11.
• Agdus, a Rock in the Confines of Phrygia of a prodigious bigness, out of which D••ucalion and Pyrrha took the Stones, which by the Command of Themis, they threw behind their backs; whence the World was Peopled, according to Ovid.
• Agen, in Latin Agennum, a City and Bishoprick of Gui∣enne, Suffragan of Burdeaux; and the place of Joseph Scali∣ger's Nativity. The Country round about it is call'd le pais d' Agenois. The City was founded by the Nitiobriges, an ancient People of Gaul, and is one of the eldest and most considerable Cities in France, 15 Leagues North-west of Bour∣deaux, large and well-peopled, with a fair Cathedral and a Collegiate Church. Both the City and the Territory round it called Agennois, was many years in the hands of the Eng∣lish. And in this Province it was, that the Battel of Agin-Court decided the Fortune of France, and made Henry V. of England Master of the whole Kingdom. Du Chesne.
• Agenoria, the Name which the Ancients gave to the God∣dess of Industry; as having a peculiar power to make Men act with Life and Vigour. She had a Temple erected to her in the Aventine Mount. Livr. St. Aust.
• * Agernius, Agrippina's Servant, who being sent to Nero with the tydings of her escape out of the Ship, which was the most unwelcome News he could have brought him; Nero quick at mischief, threw his Sword between the Fellow's Leggs, as he was relating his Message, and then caused him to be seized as one that was sent by his Mistris to kill him; to the end, that when he had Murder'd her, as he after∣ward did, he might have a fair pretence to give out, that she kill'd her self, finding her contrivance against the Em∣peror her Son was discovered. Hoffman.
• Ages of the World; This Name is given to certain limits of Time, distinguisht by the most memorable Accidents and Revolutions in the World, for the convenience of Chronolo∣gy. Of these the greatest Number of Chronologers make Seven:
• The First from the Creation of the World to Noah's Flood.
• The Second, from the Flood to the Birth of Abraham.
• The Third, from the Birth of Abraham, to the departure of Moses out of Egypt.
• The Fourth, from Moses's departure out of Egypt, to the Building of the Temple of Solomon.
• The Fifth, from the foundation of the Temple, to the Reign of Cyrus in Babylon.
• The Sixth, from Cyrus's Reign, to the coming of the Messiah.
• The Seventh, from the Birth of Christ to this Time.
• They say moreover, that the first Age lasted 1656 years; the second, 382. The third, 505. The fourth, 479. The fifth, 493. The sixth, 538. The seventh, 1692. Which in all makes 5745 years from the Creation of the World to this time.
• ... The several Ages are reckoned thus:
• The 1st, By the History of Genesis, taking the years which Adam and his descendants lived before they had the Chil∣dren, which compose the List of the Patriarchs till Noah, Genesis 5.6, 7.
• ...

  Adam had Seth at	130
  Seth was Father at	105
  Enos at	90
  Cainan at	70
  Mahalaleel at	65
  Jared at	162
  Enoch at	65
  Methuselah at	187
  Lamech at	182
  	1056
  Noah's Age at the time of the Flood	600
  Proves the first Age to be	1656

• The 2d Age is reckoned by the Computation of the Age of Sem after the Deluge; Arphaxad, Cainan junior, Salem, Heber, Peleg, Reu, Sarug, Nachor and Tharah, till the Birth of their Sons named in that Genealogy.
• ...

  	Years.
  Sem had Arphaxad after the Flood	2
  Arphaxad was Father at	35
  Cainan junior, at	30
  Salem at	30
  Heber at	34
  Peleg at	30
  Reu at	32
  Sarug at	30
  Nachar at	29
  Tharah, Gen. 11.26. says 70. But Gen. 17.17.11.32.12.4. Acts 7.4. compared, it appears to be	130
  So that the difference is to be reconciled by un∣derstanding Terah to have been a Father at 70. but not to have begot Abraham till 130. thô he be men∣tioned 1st for Dignities sake, as Sem in another Case.
  Which from the Flood to Abraham's Birth is	382

• The Third Age is proved thus:

  Gen. 21.5. Abraham begat Isaac at	100
  Gen. 25.26. Isaac was Father at	60
  Gen. 47.9. Jacob entred Egypt at	130
  The Israelites stay'd there	215
  Ex. 12.40, 41. its call'd 430. which Morery reckons to be the time from Abraham's being call'd, to Moses departure out of Egypt with Israel.	505
  Helvicus in his Chronological Ta∣bles is of the same mind; for which he cites Gal. 3.17. and Ex. 12.41.

• ...

  The Fourth Age is proved from 1 Chron. 1.6. from the coming out of Egypt, to laying the foundation of the Tem∣ple, 480. And from the Reigns of the Kings and Princes which Govern'd Israel during that time; which make just up

  479

• The 5th Age is proved thus:

  Jerusalem was taken, and the Temple ruined by Nebuchadnezzar after the foundation of the same,	423
  * By computing the Reigns, it seems 425.
  The Captivity of the Jews in Babylon	70
  	493
  The 6th Age is proved by Calculating the Olympiads and Years of the Foundation of Rome.
  Cyrus took Babylon in the 215 of Rome, and the 3d year of the 60th Olympiad; Christ was born in the 753 of Rome, and in the 4th of the 194 Olympiad: So that the differ∣ence is	538

• For the 7th Age, all Christians agree that this is the 1692 year since Christ's Birth.
• There are other Chronologers who also make seven Ages, but with a different computation of time, thus:
• The 1st ending at the Deluge, which they make to consist of 2256 years; the 2d to the Vocation of Abraham 1257. The 3d to the coming out of Egypt 430. The 4th to the foundation of the Temple 873. The 5th to the destruction of it 470. The 6th, to the coming of Christ 586. which makes 5872. before the Birth of Christ; whereas other Chronologers say it is but 4053. or thereabouts. The 7th is 1692.
• ... They compute the Ages thus:
• According to the Version of the Septuagint, which they alledge to be conformable to the Hebrew Original, they say,

  Adam when he had Seth was Aged	230
  Seth was Father at	205
  Enos at	190
  Cainan at	170
  Mahalaleel at	165
  Jared at	162
  Enoch at	165
  Methuselah at	187
  Lamech at	182
  Noah's Age at the Deluge	600
  	2256

• The 2d they prove thus:

  	Years.
  Sem had Arphaxad after the Flood	2
  Arphaxad was Father at	135
  Cainan at	130
  Salem at	130
  Heb••r at	134
  Phaleg at	130
  Reu at	132
  Sarug at	130
  Nahor at	129
  Thara at	130
  Abraham when he entred Canaan	75
  	1257

• The 3d thus:

  In his Hundredth year he had Isaac, after his entring Canaan.	25
  Isaac was Father at	60
  Jacob entred Egypt at	130
  Israel stayed in Egypt	215
  	430

• The 4th thus:

  Israel was in the Wilderness	40
  Joshua Govern'd	27
  Cal••b and the other Elders	50
  Then there was an Anarchy of	35
  They serv'd the King of Mesopotamia	8
  Othniel Govern'd	40
  Then there was an Anarchy of	33
  They serv'd the Moabites	18
  Ehud Govern'd	80
  Then there was an Anarchy of	37
  They serv'd the Canaanites	20
  Deborah and Barak Govern'd	40
  Then there was an Anarchy	18
  They serv'd the Midianites	7
  Gideon Govern'd	40
  Abimelech	3
  Thola	23
  Jair	22
  	541

• ...

  Then there was an Anarchy of	30
  They served the Philistins and Ammonites	18
  Jeptha Govern'd	6
  Abishan	7
  Elon	10
  Abdon	8
  Then an Anarchy	50
  Then they serv'd the Philistins	40
  Samson Govern'd	20
  Eli	40
  Then an Anarchy or Servitude under the Philistins	20
  Samuel Govern'd	20
  Saul Reigned	20
  David	40
  And Solomon before the foundation of the Temple	3
  * Note, that the Modern Chronologers include the Anarchies and Servitudes in the Reigns of the Judges.	332
  541
  	873
  The 5th they reckon from founding the Temple till Ne∣buchadnezzar destroyed it	470
  * But the Proofs seem lame.

• The 6th they reckon thus:

  The Captivity of the Jews in Babylon	50
  The Persian Monarchy founded by Cyrus who deli∣vered the Jews, continued	205
  Betwixt that and the Kingdom of the Selucides, esta∣blished by Selucus Nicanor in Syria	18
  That continued	250
  And was afterward turn'd into a Roman Province by Pompey the Great before the Birth of Christ	63
  P. Petau, Labbe. Hist. Chronol.	586

• * The Learned Spanheim in his Introductio Chronologica gives the sum of the Epochas, thus:

  From the Creation to the Deluge	1656
  From the Deluge to the Calling of Abraham, or his entrance into the Land of Canaan, Aetat. 75.	427
  From the Calling of Abraham, to the Children of Is∣raels coming out of Egypt	430
  From the going up out of Egypt, to the beginning of Samuel's Priesthood	396
  From thence to the Division of the Tribes in the 1st year of Rehoboam	120
  From thence to the beginning of the 70 years Captivity	368
  From thence to the 1st year of Cyrus	69
  From thence to the 1st year of Judas Machabeus's Priesthood, or the Death of Antiochus Epiphanes	375
  From thence to the Birth of Christ	162
  	4003

• Thô he reckons 4004. and says, that the same agrees in General with the Computations of Usher, Lydiatus and others. The Curious may consult his Book, to see how he instructs the particulars.
• Agesilaus, the sixth King of the Lacedemonians, the Son of Archidamus, who after the death of his Brother Agis, was made King of Sparta, notwithstanding the pretensions of Leotichides his Brothers Natural Son. He harassed all Phrygia, took several Cities from the Persians, and vanquish'd Tissapher∣nes in a great Battel near the River Pactolus: Which so asto∣nish'd the Persian King, that he cut off Tissaphernes's Head, and sent Presents to Agesilaus to buy his Peace, which Agesi∣laus refused, saying, He would not enrich himself, but with the booty of his overthrows. After this, the Athenians and Bec∣tians having declared War against the Lacedemonians, he was recall'd by the Ephori; thereupon returning into Europe, he fell into Beotia, fought the Thebans, made himself Master of Corinth, defeated the Acarnanians, ruin'd Beotia a second time, and took a City from the Mantinaeans. He put a stop to the growing renown of Epaminondas; and prevented Sparta from being taken by Assault. At length, after he had fought in favour of Nactenebo, against Thacon K. of Egypt, in his return home he fell sick by the way, and died at Cyrena••cum, in the 84 year of his Age, in the 104 Olympiad, 360 years before Christ. Being told that the Oracle had excluded all that were Lame from the Crown, he made answer, That the Oracle meant only these that were d••fective in their Souls, or in their Birth, as Leotichides was, who was no more than Alci∣biades's Bastard. Upon his Death-bed he forbid any Statues to be erected in his Memory, as desiring no other Monu∣ments than those of his own Actions. X••noph. Plut.
• Agesilaus, the Son of N••ocles, or rather of Themistocles, imploy'd as a Spy in the Army of Xerxes, who was Marching with 800000 Men to the Conquest of Greece, as he supposed.

• This Agesilaus order'd his business so well, that he remained some time in the Army in Persian Habit; and at length coming up to the King's Tent, he kill'd Mardonius one of the Favourites, instead of the King: Upon which being seiz'd and brought to the King, who was then Offering at the Altar of the Sun, he thrust his Right Hand into the Fire, where after he had held it a considerable time, Such are all the Athenians, O King, said he, and if you will not believe me, I will thrust my Left hand also into the same Flames. Which undaunted Act so surprized Xerxes, that he set him at liberty. This Story Plutarch relates in his Treatise, wherein he com∣pares the Courage of the Greeks with that of the Romans. Plut.
• Agesilaus, Uncle to Agis III. King of Sparta, who being deeply in Debt, persuaded his Nephew, to restrain the Luxury and Pride of the City, and to introduce Thrift and good Husbandry. Accordingly his Uncle made a Law, whereby all Debts were abolished, and an equal division ordain'd to be made of all Lands amongst the People. Presently Agesilaus caus'd all Creditors Bonds, and Securities to be brought into the midst of the great Court, and threw 'em into the Fire, with so much joy, that he could not forbear saying, he never beheld in all his Life-time a Fire that better pleased him. But the Lands not being divided according to the Edict, the People frustrated of their just Debts and Expecta∣tions, both by Agesilaus's means; recall'd Leonidas, who re∣turning, reveng'd their Quarrel upon Agis and all his Family, the greatest part of which he put to death, Agesilaus himself escaping, by the cunning of his Son Hippomedon. Plutarch.
• Age••••poli•• I. King of Sparta, who entred the Territory of Argolis in the Peloponnefus, and laid the Country waste; He took the City of Mantinea, and after he had ruin'd it, divided it into four Villages. He was General of the Lacedemonians in the Olynthian War; But in the Carreer of his Victories, was stop'd by a Fever, of which he died within 7 days after he was seiz'd by the Distemper, in the first year of the hundredth Olympiad, 380 years before the Birth of Christ. He was imbalmed in Honey, and carried to Sparta. There was ano∣ther, and according to Hoffman a third King of this name, but no memorable Action is ascrib'd to either of them. Xe∣noph. Pausan.
• Aggerhuse, Aggerhusia, a Fortress in the S. of Norway in the Bay of Anslo, within a League of the Town of that name. The Fortress gives its denomination to the whole Province, which brings a considerable Revenue in Fish to the King of Denmark (to whom it belongs;) The Province is 240 miles long, having Sweden on the E. Bergen on the W. the Sound on the S. and Drontheim on the N. Baudrand.
• Aggrammes, King of the Gangarades and Pharrasians, was the Son of a Barber, who by his Shaving could hardly find himself Bread; but being a Handsom Comely Fellow, the Queen fell in Love with him, and in the height of her blind Passion, gave him the Tutelage of her Children. But it was not long before her Favourite rid himself of those Obstacles, that he might advance to the Throne his Son Aggrammes whom he had by the Queen, a Person who soon betray'd his Mungrel Descent by his ignoble Conditions. Q. Curtius.
• * Agber, a small Burrough Town in the North of Ireland; It lies in the Province of Ulster, and County of Tyrone, 15 miles West of B••nburg, and 9 South of Omagh.
• * Aghrim, a Place in Connaught, in the way from Athlone to Galloway, famous for the Battel fought there July 11. 1691, 3 weeks after our taking A••hlone by Storm. The Irish Army under the command of St. Ruth, a French General, was most advantageously encamped at Aghrim, where they had 2 Bogs before 'em, between which the Road goes to Galloway; on their left the Ruines of an old Castle, which was retrench'd and lin'd with Foot, and on their right they had also made several Retrenchments for the greater security of their Camp, notwithstanding which great advantage, besides that of a far more numerous Army, they were attack'd by Their Majesties Forces with that Vigor and Bravery as procur'd 'em, with Gods Blessing, a most entire and glorious Victory, and yet the Irish, especially their Foot, were never known to fight with more resolution, in so much that the Dispute was very warm for two hours, and the Victory dubious, until the Left beat 'em off their Ground, and the Right pressing upon 'em at the same time, made an entire Rout of the Enemy, about 5000 were kill'd upon the place, and amongst 'em Monsieur St. Ruth, with many of their Prime Officers. All their Bag∣gage, Tents, Provisions, Ammunition, and Cannon, with a great many Colours and Standards were taken. The Foot also threw down their Arms. Lieutenant General Mackay, since ••••ll'd in Flanders, had a great share in the glory of that Action.
• * Aghmar Varichae, a City of Africa in the Kingdom of Morocco, 12 miles S. of the City of that name, 8 days Journey from Segelmassa, 6 from Tarudant, seated near the foot of Mount Atlas on the North-side, in a pleasant Plain, which affords great plenty and variety of Fruits, Garden-Plants, and Grapes, the Springs from the Mountains wash their Streets day and night, and incompass and cool their Wall'd Orchards, Gardens, and thick Groves; The Site of this City is one of the most Beautiful in all the Earth, the Climate the most plea∣sant, the Soil the Richest, the Water the sweetest, and the Air the most healthful. A small River divides the Town from N. to S. which turns their Mills 4 days in every week, and Waters their Fields on the rest. The Inhabitants of this City sold to Joseph Son of Tasefin the Ground on which he built the City of Morocco in the year of Christ 1187. It had once more than 6000 Families, and was one of the Civilest and Richest City of that Kingdom, but in Leo Africanus his time it was inhabited by none but Wolves, Foxes, &c. and one Hermite worse then all the other, he being attended by an 100 of his Disciples on Horseback, who would have made the Hypocrite a King if they had been strong enough.
• Agiam-Oglans, or the Children of Strangers, in Turkey, are young Slaves either taken in War, or purchas'd of the Tartars, or violently taken from their Parents out of the Morea, Albanie, and other places. These Children amount every year to the number of Two thousand, who when they come to Constantinople, are presented to the Grand Signior, and by him disposed of in several places, where they are put to va∣rious Trades, and those that are well shap'd are employ'd to serve some in the Kitchens, some in the Stables, others in the Gardens, and other Imployments. Ricaut.
• Agilulphus, Duke of Turin, who in the year 586 became K. of the Lombards, by his Marriage with Theodelinda, Daugh∣ter of Garibald K. of Bavaria, and Widow of Antarith King of Lombardy. He was converted to the Catholic Faith from Arrianism, or as some say, Paganism, and became so Potent that all Italy obey'd him, except Ravenna and Rome. How∣ever he committed great Spoil in the Roman Territories, which St. Gregory laments in his Epistles and Homilies upon Ezekiel. He died in the year 616. Paul Diacon. St. Gregory.
• * Agion, Oros, Athes, a Mountain in Macedonia, a Peninsula joyn'd to the Continent by a Neck of a mile and half, which Xërxes is said to have cut through. It is 90 miles in compass, called by the Turks, Monastir, there being 24 Cloisters of Greek Monks in it; of which Garopedas and Agia Laura are the chief; in all are about 5000 Men. Most of the Monasteries are fortified because of Pirates. It's the University of Greece, and the Monks are the Seminary for Bishops.
• Agis I. King of Sparta, as far as may be conjectured by the Chronicle of Eusebius in the year of the World 2998, at what time Joab besieged the City of Raab, the Capital of the Ammonites; He Reign'd but one year. Vid. Aguriam.
• Agis II. wag'd most cruel War with the Athenians, wasted their Country, and restored the Cities of Greece to their Liberty. However he laid a new Tax on the Eleans, which they refu∣sing and revolting, he reduced them to the Obedience of the Lacedemonians. He was kill'd by his Subjects in Prison, for acting too rigorously according to Lycurgus's Laws. Quint. Curt. Diodor. Sicul.
• Agis III. King of the Lacedemonians, of the Family of the Eurypontides. He ravaged the Country of Argos, after he had greatly contributed to the famous Victory at Mantinaea over the Athenians and Argives: After that followed a Truce, which the Athenians breaking, he harrassed all their Country. His Prudence and Conduct got the Lacedemonians many Ad∣vantages during the Peloponmesian War, however Thrasippus drave him out of Attica. He died without any Legitimate Issue in the XCIV Olympiad. To an impertinent Ambassa∣dor, demanding of him at the end of a tedious Harangue what Answer he should make to those that sent him, Tell 'em, (said Agis) I suffered thee to talk as long as thou hadst a mind to it. To another magnifying the freedom of Discourse; A Man (said he) had need of M••n and Money to maintain 'em. Diodor. Siculus. Thucydides.
• * Agis IV. King of Sparta, solicited the Grecians to shake off the Macedonian Yoke, and was assisted to that purpose both with Money and Ships by Pharnabazus and Autophradates the Persian Governors, but overthrown near Megalopolis in Arcadia, by Antipater one of Alexander the Great's Generals, and lost his Life in the Battel. Olympiad 112. Justin.
• Aglauris, the Daughter of Cecrops, an ancient King of Athens, turn'd into a Stone by Mercury for falsifying her Pro∣mise to give him admission to her Sister Hersa, with whom he was passionately in love. Ovid.
• Aglaus, or Aglaius, a Psophidian, the poorest of all the Arcadians, adjudg'd by the Oracle of Apollo, to be much more happy then Gyges King of Lydia, because he never stirr'd be∣yond the bounds of his own small Field, contented with the Fruits of his own Labour. Plin. Vale. Max.
• Aglibolus, one of the Deities of the Syrian Idolaters, more particularly worship'd in the City of Palmyra. Some will have it to be the Sun, and others the Moon. Spartian says, that the Mesopotamians believ'd, that they who took the Moon for a God were Masters of their Wives; but the Wives were Masters of them who believ'd her a Goddess; And hence they Paint the Moon in Male Habit, and accordingly the Germans speak of the Moon in the Masculine, but of the Sun in the Feminine Gender. Spon.
• * Agmondesham, a Market or Burrough Town of Burnham Hundred in the County of Bucks. It sends Two Burgesses to Parliament, stands on a small River 9 miles N. W. of Uxbridge, and 8 N. E. of Maidenhead.
• * Agnaber, or Agnetlin, one of the chief Towns of Transil∣vania on the River Harbach, where Q. Isabella Assembled a

• Diet for the preservation of her Son, which Martinsius Dissol∣ved, and begun a War upon his Prince, that issued in the ruin of both.
• * Agnellus, descended of a Noble and Rich Family, was made Deacon by Ecclesius Archbishop of Ravenna after his Wifes death; and after Maximianus's in 555. was cho∣sen Archbishop himself. He obtain'd what had belong'd to the Goths for the use of his Church, by means of Narses, Justinian's General, and procur'd for his Party the Churches built, and formerly made use of by the Arians, he died in 556. the 94th of his Age. Cave in Historia Literaria.
• Agno, one of the Nymphs by whom Jupiter was bred, who gave her Name to a Fountain in the Mountain Lyceus, which had formerly that wonderful quality in time of Drowth, that if the Priest of Jupiter Lyceus, after he had first performed his Sacred Ceremonies by it, in due form, stir'd it with an Oaken Bough, a thick Vapour rose like a Mist, and in a short time condens'd into a Cloud that fell down again in plentiful Showers. Paus. in Orcad.
• Agnodice, an Athenian Virgin, who having a passionate desire to learn Physick, frequented the School of Heropius in Man's Apparel; where having attain'd to perfection in the Theory, she fell to Practice the Cure of Diseases incident to Child-bearing Women, whom she first acquainted with her Sex. Upon which, the Physicians troubled that they were no longer sent for by the Women, accus'd her before the Judges as a Debaucher of them: But Agnodice dis∣covering her Sex before the Areopagites, not only clear'd her self from the scandal, but occasion'd the Judges to make an Order for any free Women to Learn and Practice Physick, and forbad the Men thenceforth to Act the Midwife. Hygin. Fab.
• Agnoites, a sort of Hereticks about 370. Follow∣ers of Theophrenius the Cappadocian, who joyned himself with Eunomius, they question'd the Omniscience of God; al∣ledging that he knew not Things past any other way than Memory; nor things to come but by an uncertain Pre∣science. Prat••ole. N••c••ph.
• Agnostes, another sort of Hereticks about the year 535. they followed the Errors of Themistius, Deacon of Alexandria, who believ'd that Christ knew not when the day of Judg∣ment should happen. Baronius.
• Agron, the Son of Nicias, and General of the Athenians in the Potidian War, wherein he had but ill success. He also built Amphipolis; but the Amphipolitans, revolting to Brasidas, disown'd their Founder, and putting down Agnon's Monuments, gave Brasidas all the Honour. Thucydides.
• Agnonid••••, an Athenian Rhetorician, or rather Sycophant, who accus'd Phocion before Polypserchon, for betraying the Port of Pyreum to Nicanor: But no sooner was Phocion Con∣demn'd and Poyson'd with H••mlock; but the People who hated him before, perceiving what a Magistrate and Obser∣ver of Temperance and Justice they had lost, erected a Brazen Statue to his Memory, and put Agnonides to death. Cor. Nep.
• Agubard, or Agobert, Archbishop of Lyons, one of the most famous Prelates of the 9th Age, He was highly in the favour of Lewis the Debonaire and his Children; the first being both his Master and Benefactor: Nevertheless he conspired with Lotharius against him, and was present at the Council of Compiegne in 833. wherein Lewis was Deposed by the Sen∣tence of the Prelates. His Books are numerous, and were met with by accident in a Bookbinders Shop in Lyons, by Papirius Masson, and Published in 1666. Upon the Re∣storation of Lewis he was outed of his Archbishoprick; but being again restored, he died in the year 840. He wrote against the adoring of Images. Baronius; Sponde.
• Agon Androgei, a Play instituted by Minos, the Victors Rewards being the Athenians Children; where Taurus one of Minos's Counsellors, still carried the day at Wrestling, till he was worsted by Theseus: And so the Athenians were freed from this Tribute. Ovid.
• Agon, Olympius, instituted by Hercules, from whence, to the first Olympiad are reckon'd 430 years. Eusebius.
• Agon, Capitolinus, instituted by Domitian, in imitation of the Olympic Agon, and in Honour of Jupiter Capitolinus, about the year of Christ, 88. Censorin.
• Agonalia, certain Anniversary Festivals, solemnized by the Romans, in Honour of Janus; at the beginning of which the High-Priest offered a Ram. Macrobius.
• Agones, a People of Insubria, whose Country is called La Val di Cogna, in the Territory of Ticinum, or Pavia. There is a River here also called Agonia: Also those that killed the Sacrifice in the Agonalia, so called, because of their saying Agon, before they killed it. Macrobius.
• Agra, The Capital City of a Province of the same Name, in the Empire of the Great Mogul in the Indies, on this side the Ganges; it was the place where the Emperor kept his Court, till Chagehan built the City of Gehan-Abad where he now resides, by reason the Climate is more temperate. Agra is the largest City of India, where the Houses of the Noble∣men are spacious, and well built; but those of private Men very ordinary, separate one from another, and surround∣ed with high Walls, to keep their Women from being seen: All that is most remarkable in Agra is the Emperor's Palace, and some few Sepulchres in and about the City. The King's Palace is a spacious Inclosure with a double Wall, and is Terrassed in some places. The first Court is environ'd with Portico's; the second surrounded with Galleries; and the third Court is the Emperor's Quarter. Cha Gehan had a de∣sign to have cover'd the Roof of one of the Galleries in this Quarter with Silver; and one Francis Austin of Bourdeaux was to have been his Workman: But not having any other than him that was fit to be sent to Goa, to treat with the Portu∣gueses, that design fell. This Gallery is Painted with Foliages of Gold and Azure, and the Floor all spread with Tapestry. On that side next the River is a Jett, where the Emperor sits to see his Elephants Fight. Before you enter that Jett, there is a Gallery which Cha-Gehan intended to have lin'd through with an Arbour of Emraulds and Rubies, which should have represented to the life Green and Ripe Grapes; but for want of Riches he could go no further than to make two or three Branches sprouting from the Body of a Vine of Gold, with their Leaves Enamel'd to the Life, laden with Grapes made of Emraulds, Rubies, and Grenates. Of all the Sepulchres in Agra, that of Cha-Gehan's Wife is the most superb, erected near the Grand Bazar or Market-place, that every one might see it. The Sepulchre it self is lin'd with Black and White Marble within and without; as also are all the Courts of which it consists, There are three Platforms raised one above another, with four Towers at the four Corners of each; the last of which Platforms is covered with a Duomo more Mag∣nificent than that of Val de Grace at Paris, being white Mar∣ble within and without, and under that Duomo lies a most magnificent empty Tomb; for the Body of the Empress is buried under the Roof of the first Platform. In this Stru∣cture 20000 Artificers and Labourers were employ'd for 22 years together. An Eunuch with 10000 Men is appointed for the Guard of it and the Market-place. Near the City is the Tomb of the Emperors Father in a Garden; over the Por∣tal of which is the Picture of his Tomb, with a Jesuit at each end, because they first taught him Mathematicks and Astro∣logy. This City lies in 27. 31. Lat. in a Sandy Soil extream∣ly hot. It was built in 1584, or 85. Hackl. Tavernier.
• Agraria Lex, certain Laws among the Romans, which were Enacted for the Division of Lands taken from the Enemy. Tiberius Gracchus would have made a Law, forbidding any Ro∣man to have more than 800 Acres for his own share; and or∣dering the surpluss to be divided among the People: These Laws were the occasion of many Seditions in Rome, and contributed much to the overturning the Commonwealth by Julius Caesar. Tit. Liv.
• Agraules, the Daughter of Cecrops, King of Athens, who being a little too curious to open a Wicker-Hamper, where∣in Minerva had enclosed young Ericthonius, incens'd the God∣dess to that degree, as to strike her with such a Frenzy, that in a mad fit she threw her self headlong from a Preci∣pice. Apollodore.
• Agremmes, an Indian King of the Gangarides, who op∣posed Alexander the Great with 20000 Horse, 200000 Foot, 2000 Chariots and 3000 Elephants. Q. Curtius.
• Agria, by the Germans call'd Eger, by the Hungarians Eclaw, a City of Upper Hungary, upon a River of the same Name, which about three Leagues farther falls into the Tibiscus. The City is small, but well fortified; was Besieged by Soly∣man, An. 1552. without effect: But Mahomet the 3d won it in 1596. after having defeated the Forces sent to relieve it; from which time it continued in the Hands of the Turks, till it was retaken by the Imperialists in 1687. after a Block∣ade of three years; during which, there died of Hunger and Diseases above 10000 Turks. When this City was Be∣sieged in 1552. with 70000 Men, it was neither strong by Nature nor Art; but the Courage of the Garison supplied that defect. There were in it 2000 Hungarians, and 60 of the chief Nobility, with all their Wives, Children, and Moveables; They bound themselves by Oath to hold to the last extremity, and put all their Provisions into publick Ma∣gazines, when the Turks Summon'd them, they shewed them a Coffin from the Battlements, signifying that they would rather die than surrender. The Town was batter'd 40 days with 50 Pieces of Canon; and the Turks making three Assaults in one day, were repulsed with the loss of 8000 Men. The Courage of the Women, during the Assaults was incredible. One instance was of a Woman, who fighting in presence of her Husband and Mother, her Husband was kill'd behind her; whereupon her Mother call'd on her to go and bury him; to which she answer'd, God forbid, till such time that I avenge his death; so that taking her Husband's Sword and Buckler, she fell upon the Enemy, and killed three of them ere she retired. Another Woman carrying a great Stone to throw upon the Turks, was kill'd by a Cannon-Ball; her Daughter followed her, took up the Stone besmear'd with her Mothers Blood, and threw it upon the Enemy who were Scaling the Wall. The Turks being terrified with such Prodigies of Nature raised the Siege, and the Garison Sally∣ing out, kill'd a great number of 'em, and took all their Baggage. Hist. Turk. Thuanus. When it was taken in 1596. the Infidels, contrary to the Capitulation, Murder'd the Ga∣rison;

• so that when the Turks Capitulated, their Governor, for fear of the like usage, would not surrender till the Em∣peror sign'd the Articles. Four Thousand Inhabitants went out with the Garison, 300 staid and demanded Baptism, and abundance of Christian Slaves were released: They left 150 Cannon, 7 Mortars, and store of Provisions behind 'em; and all the Dependancies thereof submitted to the Emperor. This City stands 7 German Miles from Tockay, 17 N. E. of Buda, and 10 N. of Zolnock.
• Agricola, (Cneus Junius) a Native of the City of Frejus in Provence, who liv'd in the Reigns of Galba, Vespasian, and Domitian, his Merits raised him to the highest Employments in the Government. He was sent into Asia, Gaul, and Eng∣land, and died in the Reign of Domitian. Tacitus who was his Son-in-Law wrote his Life.
• Agricola, (George) a German Physician, born at Glauch in Misnia, highly commended by Thuanus for his Writings, more especially for his Treatise of Minerals, and Subterra∣nean Creatures, wherein he excelled all his Predecessors. Melch. Adam. Thuan.
• Agricola, (Rodulphus) born at Bafflon, a small Burrough in Friseland now Groninghen, in the year 1442, a Person of a prodigious Wit, and a profound universal Learning, for which reason he was admir'd by Erasmus who wrote his En∣comium. He died in the flower of his Age at Hydelbergh An. 1485. He wrote a History and other things which were Printed by Allard of Amsterdam in two Volumes. Melch. Adam.
• Agricola, (John) Luthers Contemporary and Townsman, and of his sentiments in Religion, he was a very Learned Man, much esteemed by the Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony, he wrote afterward in defence of the Saxon Confes∣sion with Brentius and Melanchton, and was imployed in the Interim, and other Accommodations about Religion, he died at Berlin, where he was Minister, leaving some Commenta∣ries on Luke, &c. Sleiden. Thuanus.
• * Agrionia, certain Annual Festivals solemnized by the Boe∣tians in honour of Bacchus. In this Ceremony the Women searcht for Bacchus as a Fugitive; but not finding him, they give over and cry, He has hid himself among the Muses; and then after the Feast was ended, they fell to putting Riddles and hard Questions one to another, to denote that after all the Vanities of excess, there is nothing like conversing with the Muses.
• * Agrippa, (Castor) flourish'd about 132, and wrote a most Learned Confutation of Basilides the Heretick, discussing all his Fraudulent Arguments, as he did also those of Isiodorus, Basilides Son. Euseb. l. 4. c. 7. Cave Historia Literaria.
• Agrippa, Sirnamed Herodes, the Son of Aristobulus by Bere∣nice. After the death of Herod Antipas his Uncle, he went to Rome, where his Wit and Profuseness acquired Friends in Ti∣berius's Court. He was in great favour with Drusus and his Wife Antonia, who esteemed him for the sake of Berenice Mother of Aristobulus. But his Generosity having run him in Debt, he return'd to Judea, and being re-supplied by his Wife Cy∣pros he return'd to Rome, where for wishing that Caius his Friend might Reign, he was imprison'd by Tiberius. Caius Caligula being Emperor, releas'd him, and gave him a Chain of Gold of equal weight with the Chains that bound him in Prison, which in Testimony of Gratitude Agrippa hung in the Temple of Jerusalem, after that, Caligula confer'd upon him the Kingdom of Judea. He put St. James the Apostle to death, and imprison'd St. Peter, and for his Pride in ad∣mitting the Deifying Acclamations of the People, was eaten up with Worms. There was also Herodes Aprippa, the second Tetrarch of Galilee, (Son to Herod the first who sent back Christ, Royally Habited in derision to Pilate) he was Prudent, and well skill'd in Hebrew Customs, and the Latin Tongue; and therefore St. Paul was glad to be heard before him. He was the last King of the Jews; and by them hated so much for his Mildness, and foretelling them their Destruction, that they Stoned him from his Throne: Whereupon he retired to Rome, with his Sister Berenice, and lived privately, but in much Honour with Titus and Vespatian, and died at Rome 30 years after the destruction of Jerusalem, Anno Christi 100. Josephus. Dion. Acts. C. 12.
• Agrippa (Menenius) chosen General of the Romans against the Sabines, triumph'd over that People; and when the Com∣monalty of Rome withdrew themselves into the Aventine Mount, not able to endure the Burthen of Tribute, nor con∣tinual Warfare, Agrippa being sent to reduce 'em by fair means to Obedience; The Members of Mans Body, said he, when they saw the Belly idle, revolted from it, and denied it their assistance, but when they understood that the Belly concocted, and distributed the nourishment received to all the Members for their subsistance, they return'd to their former friendship; so the Senate and People make up all but one Body, which by discord perishes, but by concord becomes healthful and strong. By this similitude the People were pacified, and listned to Terms of Accommoda∣tion, which were, That Popular Magistrates should be chosen, called Tribunes. Agrippa died very ancient, and though the great Offices which he bore in the Republick, might have enriched him, yet he was so poor, that he was buried at the Publick Charge. Livius, Florus.
• Agrippa, (Marcus Vipsanius) the intimate Friend and Son-in-Law of Augustus, with whom he was twice Consul, and once with Caninius Gallus. He was the greatest Captain of his time, and one of the most considerable Men that ever Rome had, though of mean Parentage: He was call'd Agrippa, because he was born with his Feet coming out first, quasi aegre partus; Augustus owed the Victory over Pompey and Marc An∣thony to his Councel. There are several ancient Medals made by the Senate representing Agrippa Crowned with Sterns of Ships, and on the Reverse Neptune holding a Dolphin and Trident: He is on others represented with Augustus. When he was Aedile, he adorn'd the City at his own charge with the famous Gallery of Neptune, where the Conquests of the Ar∣gonauts is Painted, as also with Publick Baths, Common Shoars, Aqueducts, and the Pantheon or Temple of All Gods, which Pope Boniface IV. turn'd into that of All Saints. He was the first that conquer'd Egypt, and was made Governor of Asia. He was magnificently received by Herod at Jerusalem, the People going before him with loud Acclamations, at which being extreamly pleased, he Feasted them, offered a Hecatombe, and granted the Jews what Priviledges they demanded. Augustus seeing himself Master of the Empire, consulted with Agrippa and Maecenas, whether he should retain the Government in his own Hands, or restore it to the Republick, Agrippa was for the latter, but Maecenas not, whom Augustus also followed: But had so good an Opinion of Agrippa, that being extreamly sick, he named him for his Successor, and gave him his Daughter Julia, who proved a loose and bad Wife. Sueton. Joseph.
• Agrippa the Posthumus, Son of M. Vipsanius Agrippa, was banished by his Grandfather Augustus into the Island Planasia for some Treasonable Designs, where he was murder'd by the Command of Tiberius. One of his Slaves afterwards coun∣terfeited himself to be the same Agrippa, and had not Tiberius been rather too cunning then too strong for him, he had pro∣bably found him work enough; for he was stout and daring, and being brought before Tiberius, told him to his Face he had as much reason to be Agrippa, as Tiberius had to be Caesar- The Emperor not daring to bring him to publick Execution, order'd it to be done privately. Tacitus.
• Agrippa (Henry Cornelius) a German born at Cologne of the Noble Family of Nettesheim, Doctor of Law and Physick, and a Knight of the Military Order besides. He wrote se∣veral Treatises, but none more approv'd, then his Tractate of the Vanity of Humane Sciences. Paulus Jovius calls him a Portentous Wit: And Ludovicus Vives stiles him the Mi∣racle of Learning and Learned Men. Some People tax him for being a Magician and a Conjurer, which was occasioned by his addictedness to secret Sciences. He distinguish'd him∣self in the Emperor Maximilian's Army in Italy, both by Conduct and Bravery; he spoke 8 Languages, and was much esteemed by all the great Men of his time, as Trithemius, Eras∣mus, and Melancton. He was Physician to the Dutchess of Savoy, Counsellor and Historiographer to the Emperor Charles the V. Syndic and Advocate General to the Town of Metz. He was at one and the same time invited to the Service of the Dutchess of Austria, the King of England, and the Emperor Charles the V. which shews the great Reputation he had; but he preferred Liberty to Travel to those Offers, and after pas∣sing some time at Friburg, Geneve, &c. he died at Grenoble in 1534 Some of his Enemies say he had two Familiars in the shape of Dogs, whom he called Monsieur and Mademoiselle, and that at his death he said to one of them, Abi perdita bestia qui me totum perdidisti; Get you gone you wretched Beast who have destroyed me, whereupon it ran into the River, and was never more seen. But John Wier, his Domestick says, that those were but Calumnies. His Treaty of the Vanity of Sciences procured him Enemies. His other Works are in two Volumes in Octavo, viz. De occulta Philosophia, Commentaria in Artem brevem Raymundi Lulli, de triplici ratione Cognoscendi Deum, De∣hortatio á Theologia Gentili, Expostulatio cum Johanne Carlineto Epist. lib. 7. &c. Wier says, that De Ceremoniis Magicis is not his. His Enemies said of him:

  Inter divos nullos non carpit Momus, Inter Heroas Monstra quaeque insectatur Hercules, Inter Daemones rex Erebi Pluto irascitur omnibus Umbris, Inter Philosophos ridet omnia Democritus, Contra deflet cuncta Heraclitus,

  Nescit quaeque Pyrrhon, Et scire se putat omnia Aristoteles, Contemnit cuncta Diogenes, Nullis hic parcit Agrippa,

  Contemnit, Scit, nescit, deflet, irascitur, insectatur, carpit omnia Ipse Philosophus, Daemon, Heros, Deus, & omnia Sint vana haec humana licet: sed vanius illud Haec a latranti tedidicisse Sopho. Wierius. Paul. Jovius, Thevet, Melchior, Adam. in vit. Germ. Medic.

• Agrippina, the Daughter of M. Agrippina, Married to Ti∣berius, who had Drusus by her, and lov'd her with a perfect kindness, but was forc'd to put her away to Marry Julia: She was afterwards Married to Asinius Pollio, which Tiberius disgusting, threw him in Prison under pretence of being dis∣affected to the Government, and starved him to death. Tacitus.
• Agrippina, (Vipsania) the Daughter of M. Agrippa by Julia the Daughter of Augustus, who was Married to Germanicus, a Woman highly Ambitious, and of an invincible Courage, but more remarkable for her Chastity and Love to her Husband. Tiberius laid several Crimes to her Charge, for prosecuting the Murderers of her Husband, whom he mortally hated, and banish'd her into the Island Pandateria, with her Sons Nero and Drusus, whom he put to death: For which, reproaching the Emperor's Cruelty, he ordered a Centurion to beat her, who perform'd it so barbarously, that he struck out one of her Eyes: After which she refused all nourishment that was of∣fer'd her, and so ended her days. Tacitus, Dion. Sueton.
• Agrippina, the Daughter of Germanicus, Sister of Caligula, Wife of Claudius, and Mother of Nero, all Caesars, so that she saw more Emperors in her own Family then ever one Wo∣man did: She was born in a City of the Ubians, which she rais'd to much Grandeur afterwards, and call'd Colonia Agrip∣pina, now Cologne in Germany. She had a delicate and solid Wit, and compos'd several Memoirs, out of which Tacitus confesses that he glean'd many passages for his History. She was a Woman very vicious, and extreamly proud, she was very handsom, and thrice Married, the last time to her own Uncle Claudius the Emperor, whom she courted, and over∣came by her Beauty. As soon as she was on the Throne, her chief care was to have her Son Nero made Emperor, for which end she perswaded Claudius to adopt him; cut off several great Men to make room for her Designs, and prostituted her self to others for that same end. Being told that Nero would requite her kindness by murdering her, she answered, Let him kill me so he Reign. She poisoned her Husband to make way for him, and recalled Seneca from Exile to instruct him. For a time she governed all her self, but at length Nero depriv'd her of the Government, which touch'd her so sensibly, that she left no Stone unturn'd to re-obtain it, and as some say, did for that end prostitute her self to her Son, who afterward sought to have drown'd her, but failing in that, caused her afterwards to be murdered in her Chamber, where she bid the Executioner Stab her in the Belly first, that had brought forth such a Monster as Nero. This was in 59 or 60. Tacitus, Sueton, Dion.
• Agrippinus, a Bishop of Carthage, in the 3d Age, the first who denied that the Sacrament of Baptism administred by Hereticks was valid, and therefore they ought to be re-bap∣tized. Baron. St. August. St. Cyprian.
• Agron, a King of Illyria, who having vanquish'd the Aetolians, drank so excessively for joy at a Feast which he made his Army, that he fell into a Pleurisie, and died imme∣diately. The Romans having been jealous of this Kings Power, countenanced a Rebellion of his Subjects in the Isle of Essios, against whom having dispatched a Fleet, the Ro∣mans sent Ambassadors in their favour, but Agron's Avant Guard having taken both the Roman Ambassadors coming to him, and those of the Essios going to Rome, he was so enraged, that he cut them both off, or, as some say, his Queen Teuta did it after his death. This happen'd in the 524 of Rome. Appian. There was another Agron also, a famous Physician, who by making Fires without the City, clear'd Athens from a most terrible Pestilence.
• * Aguarulco, a Town in New Spain upon the Mardelzur, over∣against Spiritu Santo on the Bay of Mexico, taken by Thomas Cavendish in the year 1587 without resistance, and burnt down to the ground. Lat. 15.40. N. of the Line. It was one of the most considerable Towns in New Spain. The Haven is very large, and much frequented, as being the Port of Peru for both the Indian and European Goods. Drake took and plundered it in 1578. Laet. p. 263.
• Aguer, a City of Africa at the foot of Mount Atlas, on a Promontory that was anciently called Visugrum. It was taken by the Portugals in the year 1536. Not long after Cheriff Mahomet sent his Son with 50000 Men to besiege it, and af∣terwards followed himself with a numerous Reinforcement, and took it, tho' with the loss of 18000 Men. To revenge himself he put all to the Sword that he found in the City, the Governor Monroi and those who retired to the Towers were made Prisoners; Monroi had a Daughter called Donna Mencia of extraordinary Beauty, with whom Mahomet fell pas∣sionately in love, but she would by no means redeem her own and her Fathers Liberty with the loss of her Honour; Ma∣homet seeing that she despised him, commanded her in a rage to be exposed to the Lust of the Negroes. The poor Lady being reduc'd to that extremity, promised to give her self to him, provided he held her as his Lawful Wife, and permitted her the free exercise of her Religion, which he agreed to, and so they were Married, but upon her proving with Child, his other Wives grew Jealous, and poisoned her, yet out of re∣spect to her Memory he gave her Father his Liberty, and sent him to Portugal in an Honourable manner with abundance of rich Presents. Thuanus.
• Agui, or Sultan Agui, King of Bantam in the year 1688' was the Son of Sultan Agoum, who being weary of his Crown, and willing to spend the rest of his days with pleasure in his Seraglio, resign'd it to his Son. But the young King dis∣pleasing his Father, by banishing two Lords whom he had chiefly commended to him, and rendring himself odious to his People, Sultan Agoum took Arms to recover the Kingdom out of his Sons Hands; who being in distress crav'd aid of the Hollanders, whole Counsel there design'd to have continued Neuter, but General Spelman loving great Enterprizes, granted it, by whose Assistance his Father was defeated, and put in Prison, and he obtain'd the quiet possession of his Dominions, still detaining his Father in Prison. Tachard Voiage de Siam.
• Aguila, a City of the Province of Habut, in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the River Enguila; it is almost gone to ruine, though the Land about it is very fertile. There are great numbers of Lions in the Neighbouring Forrests, but so fear∣ful, that a Child will make 'em run; insomuch that 'tis a Proverb in Fez when they speak of a Coward, to say, He's as fierce as a Lion of Aguila, that lets the Calves eat his Tail. Marmol.
• Aguilanneuf, the name of a certain Ceremony of the an∣cient Druids, who being to gather Missletoe against New-Years-Day, they went about the Fields adjoyning to their Forrests, crying out, To the Missletoe, the New-Year, to the Missletoe, Druids, the New-Year. The Procession was after this manner: First marched the Priests, with the Bulls for the Sacrifices, attended by the Bards, and their Disciples, who sung Songs and Hymns to their Deities. After them went a Herauld in white, with a white Cap upon his Head, and Mercuries Wand in his Hand, which was a Branch of Verven wreath'd in the shape of two Serpents. After the Heraulds came the Druids in front, the first of which carried the Wine in a Vessel, and the second the Bread for the Sacrifice, and the third the Hand of Justice. These three were attended by the Prince of the Druids, who went by himself in a White Cassock, and a white Surplice over it, with a white Cap on his Head, tufted with white Silk, and the Strings hanging down behind. If the Prince were in the Country, he went along with the Prince of the Druids, attended by his Nobi∣lity. Then the Prince of the Druids went up into the Tree, and with a Golden Sickle cut the Missletoe, which the other Druids in their Albs received in white Napkins, and these Branches were sent to the Nobility, and distributed amongst the People, for New-Years Gifts, as most Sacred Things, and Remedies against all Mischiefs. It was not gathered but in December, for which reason that Month was called Sacred. There was always reserves of it in the Temples, and People carried it about their Necks to War, and put it over their Doors. It was hard Missletoe call'd in Latin Robur, which is bred on the Tree by the Muting of Birds. This name was also given to a certain Begging in some Diocesses on New-Years-Day for the Tapers in Churches, managed by the Youth of both Sexes, who chose themselves a Chief called Follet, and committed many Extravagances in the Church, every whit as Impious as the Feast of Fous spoken of in its place, so that it was condemned by a Synod at Angers, An. 1592, but the same Custom being continued in Private Houses, it was con∣demned again in 1668. This was also called by the name of Bachellettes. The Children in Picardy and Burgundy, where the ancient Customs do still obtain, sing the Words Aguilla∣neuf at the beginning of the New-Year. Pliny. Thiers.
• Agynnii or Agynnians, ancient Hereticks that said God forbad eating of Flesh and Marriage, they began about 694.
• * Agyris, Tyrant of the Agerini, the most Potent in all Sicily next to Dionisius, with whom Dionisius the Great made a League, when Mago in the first year of the XCVII Olympiad invaded Sicily with 80000 Men. Agyris inhans'd almost all the Riches of the place into his own Hands, and stored up the Goods of the Citizens whom he cut off. Diodor. The principal City was called Agyrium, and is very ancient and populous.

• * Ahab, King of Israel, a great Idolater, yet Victorious over Benhadad King of the Syrians, whom he overthrew in two great Battels: but because he let Benhadad go when he had him in his power, God suffered him to be slain at Ramoth Gilead: and his violent seizing of Naboth's Vineyard cost him the Extirpation of his posterity, 2 Kings.
• * Ahaziah, King of Israel began his Reign in the Seven∣teenth year of Jehosaphat King of Juda. Falling down through a Lattice in his upper Chamber, he sent to enquire of Baal∣zebub the God of Ekron, whether he should recover or no, for which he was foretold his death by Elijah.
• * Ahasuerus, was Darius, the Son of Histaspes, confirm'd King of Persia by the neighing of his Horse, and who put away his Wife Vashti to Marry Esther; tho' others will have the Persian Monarch that Married Esther to be Xerxes, and not without reason.
• * Ahaz, King of Judah, an Idolater, who finding himself not able to withstand the united force of Pekah King of Israel, and Rezin King of Syria, took the Silver and Gold that was in the Temple, and hired Tiglath Plin••zer the King of Assyria to assist him, who slew Rezin, took Damascus, and carried the People away Captive. 2 Cro. 28.

• Ahijah, a Prophet of Shilo, who meeting Jeroboam, rent his Garment in 12 pieces, and gave him 10 back again, to shew him God had design'd him to be King of the Ten Tribes of Israel. After that he foretold the Queen his Wife the de∣struction of his Family, and the death of his Son Ahijah. Also Ahijah the Pelonite one of David's Worthies. 1 Kings 11.12. Bellarm.
• * Ahimaaz, the Son of Zadok, swift of Foot, brought the first tidings of Absalom's overthrow to King David.
• * Ahimelech, the Priest who reliev'd David coming to Nob, and furnish'd him with Goliah's Sword, for which being be∣tray'd by Doeg, Saul put both him and all the rest of the Priests to the Sword, and sack'd the City of Nob it self.
• * Ahitophel, one of Absalom's Counsellors, when he revolted from his Father, who being out-witted by Hushai, and fore∣seeing the ruine of Absalom, in neglecting his Advice, went and hang'd himself, for fear of falling into the hands of David. 2 Sam. 17.
• Ahmet or Achmet, Governor of Egypt for the Saracens. In the year 878 he took Antiochia, and so well establish'd his Dominion that he left Syria and Egypt to his Children, and re∣sided himself at Damascus. After his death there were found in his Treasures Ten Millions of Gold, besides Seven thou∣sand Slaves, as many Horses, and Eight thousand Camels; and more then this, he had Five and thirty Sons who surviv'd him. He was very charitable to the Poor; and one day that he was at Bagdat, he gave Twelve hundred pieces of Gold to Persons considerable for their Birth, their Parts, or their Ver∣tue, who were reduced to necessity. Historie Saracens.
• * A••usa, Ahausen, a Town in Schonen, upon the Baltick Sea, near Christian Stadt, with a convenient Harbour, within these few years under the Swedes. It lies 12 Danish Leagues from Copenhagen, and 5 from the Confines of the Province of Imat∣land. Baudrand.

• * Ajalon, a City of the Tribe of Dan in Canaan, which be∣longed to the L••vites, it was taken by the Philistines, and be∣ing recovered in the days of Saul or David, it was fortified by Rehoboam. Josh. 21. Judges 1.2 Chr. 11. 1 Sam. 14. It stood West of Jerusalem between it and Gath.
• Ajan, or the Coast of Ayan, a Country of Africa, lying upon the Sea of Zanguebar. It is a Region of Aethiopia, be∣tween the City of Magadoxus upon the Eastern Shoar of Africa, and Cape Guarda fui, comprehending several King∣doms; and probably amongst the rest the Kingdom of Dan∣cale, which lies upon the left hand at the entrance into the Red Sea, and the Kingdom of Adela, which adjoins more inward to the former, and borders upon Abissinia. Neither doth Ludolphus make mention of any other Kingdom of Adela but this. Sanson. Du Val.
• Ajas, a City of Arabia the Happy, two days Journey from Aden, seated between two Hills, in the midst of which is a fair Valley, where the Inhabitants keep their Markets and Fairs. T••••vet calls it Heg••as, and makes a Kingdom of it. But Travellers in their Relations of Africa and Asia furnish us with Kingdoms no bigger then the smallest Provinces of Europe. Davity.
• Ajar, the Son of T••lamon, by Helione the Daughter of Lao∣medon, the stoutest of all the Greeks, who was so admir'd by Hector, after they had sought a whole day together, that at parting Hector presented him with a Sword, and he presented Hector with a Belt. The Sword was that wherewith Ajax kill'd himself, and the Belt that by which Achilles dragg'd Hector round Troy. After the death of Achilles, when Ajax claim'd his Arms as bequeath'd to him, and found that the Judges had given 'em to Ulysses, whose Eloquence made his Claim better then Ajax's, for Vexation he ran distracted, and in his madness slew a great number of Sheep, together with a Ram conspicuous for the beauty of it, believing they had been Ulysses and the Greeks. But recovering his Sences, and perceiving his mistake, he retired into a solitary place, and for grief and shame kill'd himself with Hectors Sword; at what time his Blood was turn'd into a Hyacin, or ra∣ther into a Flower of his own name, as Ovid testifies. And they say that the Flower of Royal Consound shews the Letters A I, A I, the two first denoting the name, and the other two the Complaint. Alexander the Great is reported to have gone to visit his Tomb, together with that of Achilles. Also the name of a Tragedy, which Augustus having begun with great earnestness, but not liking his own style, wip'd quite out again, and being ask'd what was become of his Ajax, reply'd, that his Ajax had encounter'd a Spunge, and was worsted. Sueton.
• Ajax, the Son of Oileus, King of the Locrenses, very swift of foot, and dextrous at Managing a Spear, who after Troy was taken, deflower'd the Prophetess Cassandra in the Temple of Pallas; for which at his return he was struck with Thun∣der by the Goddess. Ovid.
• Ajazzo, Adjacium, and Ursinum, a City of Corsica with a strong Castle and convenient Harbour upon the Mediterranean, with a Bishops See, under the Jurisdiction of Pisa. It be∣longs to the Genoese, and was formerly the Capital City of the Island, about a mile from the Old Adjacium, and is al∣most surrounded with the Sea. Baudrand.
• * Ajdanus, the 49th K. of Scotland, succeeded Kinnatellus about the year 570. He was the Son of K. Goranus, who Reign'd before Eugenius II. for fear of whom he fled into Ireland, from whence he came in the Reign of Kinnatelius, by the persuasion of Columba a Scots Irishman of great Repute in his Court, for being a Holy Man, his Authority was so great in those days, that neither Prince nor People would undertake any thing without his Advice. By this Columba Aidanus was brought to the K. who received him very cour∣teously, and finding himself worn out by Age and Sickness, wish'd him to be of good chear, for he should shortly be K. which prov'd accordingly, for Kinnatellus dying not long af∣terwards, Aidanus was with the consent of the People ad∣mitted to the Crown, and receiv'd the Royal Habilements from Columba. Then was England under the Saxon Heptar∣chy, and the Kingdom of Northumberland under K. Etheldred, who being greedy to enlarge his Dominions, perswaded the Picts to break with the Scots, Aidanus making a League with the ancient Britains, prov'd too hard for the Saxons, till Ethel∣frid being reinforc'd by Ceulinus King of the East Saxons the Scots and Picts were beaten in Northumberland. After which K. Ethelfrid being joyn'd with the Picts, march'd into Gallo∣way, but was frustrated of his hopes, and forc'd at last to retire, being pursued they came to a Battle, wherein the Saxons were totally routed, of which Victory it's said Co∣lumba told his Companions at Icolmkill, at the very time though at a great distance; After which the Britains having forsaken the Scots, Ethelfred sell upon these while in expecta∣tion of the Britains, and defeated 'em, which together with Columba's death broke the heart of K. Aidanus now grown old, who having Reign'd 34. years died An. 604. In his time it was that Augustin the Monk came into Britain, and introduc'd the Romish Superstition. Buchan. Aidanus the name of a Scottish Bishop about 635, famous for having converted Nor∣thumberland, and in those times he governed the Province of York. He was Countenanced by Osuald King of the Northum∣brians, who had been himself bred and converted in Scotland, and sending for this Aidan interpreted his Sermons in Scotch to his own Subjects in the Saxon Language. He gave Aidan Lindisfarn or Holy-Island for a place of Residence, so that he was called Bishop of Lindisfarn, and the See was afterwards translated to Durham. Buch. Cave Hist. Lit. Anglia Sacra.

• Aidoneas, otherwise called Pluto, Reigned in the time of Lyceus King of the Argives, and Erectheus King of the Athe∣nians, also the King of the Molossi, who put Theseus in Prison because that he together with Perithous would have ravish'd his Daughter near the River Acheron, which occasioned the Fable of Theseus's descending into Hell. Plutarch in Theseo.
• Aigues Mortes, a City of Languedoc near the Sea, and the Seat for the Gabells for Salt. 'Tis said that Marius built this Town, and brought thither that same Arm of the Rhosne call'd Fossa Mariana, but without any ground, it being more probable this City deriv'd its name from the stillness of the Waters and Ponds adjoining to it.
• Aigue Perse, Capital of Montpensier, and Dauphinate of Auvergne, has particular Jurisdiction over all the Lands that depend upon it, and the ancient Castle of Montpensier so con∣siderable for its Fortifications, but demolish'd in 1634, stood above this City, which lies about a League from Montpensier to the South, and 5 from Aaremont to the North.
• * Ailesbury, a Market Town of Ailesbury Hundred about the middle of Buckinghamshire, finely seated on the Rising of a little Hill near the Tame, of special note for the rich, plea∣sant, and fruitful Vale which lies South from it, and is hence call'd the Vale of Ailesbury. A Vale in great repute for graz∣ing of Cattle, and feeding innumerable Flocks of Sheep, whose fine Fleeces are much esteem'd. Ailesbury was much resorted to in the times of Popery, for the pretended Miracles of St. Edith, who having this Town alotted for her Dowry, bad the World and her Husband farewell, and took upon her the Vail of Devotion. Of late it is become more remarkable for conferring an additional Honour upon Robert Bruce Baron of Kinlos, and Earl of Elgin in Scotland, and Lord Whorlton in Yorkshire, An. 1664, which Title is since devolv'd upon his Son the Right Honourable Thomas Bruce, the present Earl of Ailesbury.
• * Ailze, Alza, or Alisa, a rocky Island in the West of Scot∣land, 24 miles from Arran, having but one passage into it, and is only inhabited at certain Seasons of the year, when Busses and other Vessels flock thither to Fish Cod and Whit∣ing. It abounds with Conies and Sea Fowl, but especially with Soland Geese. It has also an excellent safe Harbour for Shipping, in which the Waters being perpetually calm be∣cause environed with Rocks, there are such store of Fish, that if the Inhabitants catch more then serves 'em one day, they throw 'em into the Water again. Buchan.
• Ains, a River of France common to Bresse and Buge••. It rises in the Valley of Miege in the Country of Burgundy, a League above the famous Fountain of Seros. It runs to Chasteau Vilain, La Chaux, Monsaugein, under the Bridge de Poete, to Condes, Poncin, Pont d'Ains, Varembon, Chasei, and Loyettes, where it throws it self into the Rhone toward l'Port d'Antin, after it has received the Surent, the Arbolaine, and several other Rivulets. Guichenon.

• * Ain Semes, a small Town over-against Grand Cairo, N. of Memphis, on the West side of the Nile, under Mount Moccatta, which is famous for the Gardens of Balm or Balsam which grows here and no where else saith the Nubian Geographer, p. 98, 99. This Balm was by Herod the Great, sent to Cleo∣patra Queen of Egypt from Jericho, as Josephus saith.
• * Ainulphus, an Holy Hermit, was of the Royal British-Blood, who waving the Trifles and Vanities of this World, betook himself to a Solitary Life; but when is not exactly known. Sure it is that Anulphsbury, a Town upon the Bor∣ders of Bedford and Huntingtonshires, was erected in his me∣mory; part whereof corruptly call'd Aimsbury, is extant to this day; and the rest is disguis'd under the new name of S. Neots.
• Ainy, a small Country North-west of Buchan in Scotland.
• * Air, Latin Aeria the name of a Town and River of the Country of Kyle in the South-west of Scotland: The River runs through the midst of the County, and the Town stands upon it near the Sea; it is a place of good Trade, and an Ancient Town.
• Airas, an Heretick, about An. 377. who maintain'd that the Holy Ghost was not Consubstantial with the Father and the Son. Athanasius wrote against him, and Pope Libereus Summon'd the Bishops of Asia together, who condemn'd his Opinion. Davity.
• Aire, a very strong Town, with a good Castle on the Frontiers of Flanders, within three Leagues of St. Omers; the River Lys runs through it: It hath sine Churches and large Streets. The French took it in 1641. after a memorable Siege, but it was quickly after retaken by the Spaniard. It was again taken by the French in 1676. under the Command of Humieres. It hath a very Ancient Collegiate Church called St. Peters, to which Baldwin, Count of Flanders, added 14 Prebendaries, An. 1064. Mayer and Marchantius.
• Aire, Latin Adurium, an Episcopal City of France in Gas∣cony, under the Archbishop of Auch. It is seated in a fertile Country, Govern'd by the Seneschal of Bazas; and for Ju∣stice repairs to the Parliament of Guyenne. It was formerly much larger and fairer than now, as being the residence of the Kings of the V••sigoths; the ruins of Alaric's Palace being still to be seen upon the Banks of the Adour: And here it was that the same Alaric, caused Theodosius's Code to be pub∣lished after An••anus his Chancellor had reviewed it. Du Chesne.
• Airiacum, Airy, a Castle in the Diocess of Auxerre, in Burgundy, where in the year 1020. a Council was held, wherein was present Robert K. of France, together with the Archbishops of Bourg••s and Sens, St. Pierre de Vif.
• Aistul••••us, King of the Lombards, after his Brother Rachi∣sius, took Ravenne, and seiz'd upon all the rest of the Exar∣chate; he also threatned Rome it self, and all the Territories of the Holy See; which forced Pope Stephen the 3d to crave aid of Pepin K. of France, (whom, as also his Sons Charles and Carloman he consecrated while he was in the French Court) who entring Italy with a powerful Army, Besieg'd Pavia, wherein Aistulphus had shut himself up, and constrained him to a Peace with the Pope, and solemnly to swear the Restora∣tion of whatever he had usurp'd from the Ecclesiastical State. But no sooner was Pepin's back turn'd, but he betook him∣self again to his Arms, Besieged Rome, and committed most Barbarous havock in all the Territories round about: Upon which Stephen craves aid of P••pin a second time; who re-entring Italy shut up Aistulp••us in Pavia once more, and then constrain'd him to surrender into the hands of Fulrad, Abbot of St. Denis, his Commissioner, whatever he had Usurp'd from the Ecclesiastical Church, that is to say, the Exarchate of Ravenna, together with all the Country be∣tween Po, and the Apenine, from Piacensa to the Morass of Venice, and all between the River Foglia, and the Adriatic Sea, which was given to the Pope. Some time after Aistul∣phus was kill'd, as he rode a hunting in the year 758. Baro∣nius. Paul. Emilius. Paul. Diac.
• * Ait, a Place upon the Euphrates, two days Journey above Bagdat, in which is a Mouth or Chasme in the Earth, that perpetually sendeth forth Smoak and melted Pitch, or Bitu∣men, which is received in a large Field, and serves to Pitch their Boats. Hacl. T. 2. p. 25.
• Aius, or Locutius, a Deity, to whom the Romans erected a Temple in the New Way, as an expiation to attone the neglected Voice that was heard in the Night, to give them notice of the coming of the Gauls, and of the slaughter that should befall 'em. Cicero, Aul. Gel.
• Aix, the Capital of Provence in France founded by the Ro∣mans, 15 Leagues from Arles, and 13 from Avignon, of great Antiquity, as appears by their Monuments and Inscriptions still in being there. In Latin it was called Aquae Sextiae, be∣cause of its hot Baths, and was the Capital of the Salii, a People of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman Consul Marius de∣feated the Germans near this City, and it was afterwards ru∣ined by the Goths and Saracens; but always rebuilt. It was the usual Residence of the Counts of Provence, and is at this time one of the finest Cities in France, for its Noble Buildings, large Streets and Piazza's. The Metropolitan Church of St. Saviour is a very stately Structure, and remarkable for its curious Font of exquisite Workmanship, and all of white Marble. It is also an Archbishoprick, University, and Parlia∣ment Town; and the Seat of other Courts of Justice. The Peace betwixt France and Spain was Publish'd here with great so∣lemnity in 1660. the King assisting at the Te Deum. The Prelates have held many Provincial Counsels here, particular∣ly one in 1585. for Reformation of Manners, and Propa∣gation of Faith. The City is large, scituated on the side of a Hill, having a large Court with four Rows of Trees, where the People take the Air both in Coach and on Foot: The Parliament Rooms are curiously Guilt and Painted with re∣presentations of Justice. Their hot Baths are used both for Bathing and Drinking. In the Chappel of the Noble Ladies of the Order of St. Bartholomew, they pretend to have an Arm Bone of the Blessed Virgins Mother, two Thorns of Christ's Crown, some of the Virgins Milk Coagulated, a little Silk Girdle wrought by her, and one of her Needles; with one of the Stones that Stoned St. Stephen. In the great Church they have a side Chappel, into which they say, if any Wo∣man enters, she is immediately struck blind. Moreri. Grand Tour of France.
• Aix, la Chappelle, in French, Aquisgranum, in Latin, called by the Inhabitants Aken, an Imperial Town in Germany on the Frontiers of Juliers and Limburg, and protected by the D. of Juliers. It is said to have been built by Granus the Brother of Nero, and thence called Aquis Granum, others think it took its Name from Apollo, called Grannius, because of its Medicinal Waters and Baths. The Inhabitants however al∣ledge that it was first founded by Granus, An. Chr. 50. and shew part of an Antient Building at the East-end of the Town-house, called Turris Grani, which they alledge he built for his own residence; but the fashion of the Building looks more Modern. About 400 years after, Charl••magne Riding through the Woods a Hunting, his Horses foot struck into one of those hot Springs, which occasion'd his observing of the Place, and the Ruins of many Palaces adjoyning; the City having been ruined by Attila K. of the Huns. He found the place so agreeable, that he chose it for his Resi∣dence, conferred great Privileges upon it, and made it the seat of the Empire on this side the Alpes, ordaining that the K. of the Romans should be Crowned here with an Iron Crown, as at Milan with one of Silver; and at Rome with one of Gold. He built also a Collegiate Church dedicated to the Virgin; enlarged and fortified the City, so that it flou∣rished till 882. that it was destroyed by the Normans. It hath suffered much by Fire divers times since, and particu∣larly in 1656. when 20 Churches and 5000 private Houses were consum'd. The Town-house is well built of Free-stone, having a Hall of 162 Foot long, and 60 broad, where the Emperors, at their Coronation, Treat the Electors and other Princes. The Church of our Lady, built by Charles the Great, is adorn'd in the inside with Pillars of white Marble, and Brass Guilt, Statues, Brass Doors, and much Mosaick work. In the middle of the Church, where Charles the Great was buried, hangs a Crown of Silver and Brass, adorn'd with 16 little Towers, and 48 Statues of Silver of about a Foot high, and 32 which are lesser, between which stand 48 Candlesticks to receive the Lights burnt here upon Festivals. This was the Gift of the Emperor Frederick the first, who took up the Body of Charles the Great, and Buried it again in a Silver Coffin, under his own Tomb-stone which is of white Marble, and said to have been that of Julius Caesar: It has the Figure of Proserpina upon it. Out of this Tomb were taken a great many Rarities and Reliques which the said Emperor had got from Aaron K. of Persia, the Patriarch of Constantinople, and others; as some of the Blessed Virgins Hair, a Link of St. Peter's Chain, the Picture of the Virgin with our Saviour in her Arms, Embossed on a Jaspis by St. Luke, as they say, and hung about Charlemagnes Neck at his death. There were also found in the said Tomb a Noble Manuscript of the Gospels, the Emperors Crucifix, pretended to be of the very Wood of the Cross; our Saviour's Leathern Girdle, with Constantine the Great's Seal at each end; a piece of the true Manna; some of St. Stephen's Bones and Blood richly enchased, upon which the Emperors are sworn at their Inauguration; a piece of one of the Nails of the Cross, and many others. Here are also shewn Charlemagnes Head, his Armbone, and Sword with which the Emperors are Girt at their Coronation. They pretend also to have Joseph's Hose, and some of our Saviours Blankets. In this place is also the Tomb of the Emperor Otho, who is said to have first constituted the Electors An. 1000. Near this City are many Mines, as Lead, Sulphure, Vitriol, Iron, Coal, and Lapis Calaminaris, with which they make Brass, or mul∣tiply Copper in their Furnaces. This City is also famous for its hot Baths, which are very much frequented, and exceed∣ing Convenient; three of them are within the Walls, and very convenient, the principal called the Emperors Bath, which has five Bathing Rooms; in one of which Charles the Great used to Bath and Swim. These Baths are reckoned Nitrosulphureous: They rise so hot, that they let them cool 12 hours before they use them. The principal Spring is kept covered; and not opened but in presence of some of the Magistrates. Dr. Brown says, that he saw taken out of this

• Fountain hard Brimstone about an Inch thick, Saltpeter and a Petrified substance finely variegated. Besides those, are three other Baths near the Inner Wall which are Sulphureo-Nitrous; the Water smells offensively, and is not transparent. There is also a Fountain of this hot Water, much resorted to, and drunk of in the Summer: It has a Sulphureous taste, and reckoned good against Chronical Distempers. A little from this City, on the other side of a Hill, at a Village called Borsett, are many hot Springs on both sides of a little Rivulet, which compose 28 Baths, whose Springs are hotter than any at the City, and are cool'd 18 hours before they be used. There are many cool Springs rise near those hot ones, by which they might be tempered. This City suffer'd much in the late Wars, being taken by the Protestants, and retaken by Spinola in 1614. Several Councels have been held in this City, one particularly in 799. where Alcuin disputed against Urgel, and Convicted him of Heresie. Charlemagne called another in 809. about the Procession of the Holy-Ghost. There was another in 816. about Nuns. Another in 819. for Reformation of Manners, and Regu∣lating of Monks. Another in 836. about those who med∣dled with the Possessions of the Church, which obliged the K. of Aquitain to restore what he had taken. Besides several other Councels of less Note. In 1668. there was a famous Treaty of Peace concluded here betwixt the French and Spa∣niards. Moreri. Brown's Travels.
• Aix, a City of Savoy, dignified with the Title of a Mar∣quisate, at the foot of the Mountains, between Chambery, and Annecy, and Rumilly: The City is Ancient, but small, and ill-built: However it is famous for the hot Baths of Allom and Sulphur adjoyning to it, which are very much frequented.
• * Aizu, a Kingdom of Japan in the Island Niphonia, having Aeson and Nanbus on the North, and Voxus on the South: The Capital City is of the same Name, and scituated on the East∣ern shore. Baudrand.

• * Akalzike, is a Fortress built upon Mount Caucasus with a double Wall, and Flank'd with Towers, having Battle∣ments, to which belong'd a New Town of 400 Houses, peopled with Turks, Armenians, Georgians, Greeks, and Jews upon the River Kur (Cirus) and is the Seat of a Turkish Basha. It was built by the Georgians, and taken from them by the Turks.
• Akiba, a Rabbi who liv'd in the second Age, in great esteem amongst the Jews of Pal••stine, where he was Master 40 years together in a College which they had at Tiberias. Some suppose it was He that altered and endea∣voured to corrupt the Sacred Scripture, by abridging the Number of the Patriarchs years set down in the Hebrew Text, to make the World believe the time for the coming of the Messiah is not yet arrived; for according to their Tradition, he was not to come till the 6000 year of the World. Pe∣zeron. Antiq. des Tems.
• Aking••••, the Names that the Turks give their Voluntiers, that follow the Army in hopes of Booty and Plunder; but receive no pay: Some call 'em Acanges. Ricant.

• Ala••a, a Petty Country of Spain, formerly belonging to Navarr, afterwards to Biscay, now united to Castile. It lies along the River Hebro, having Victoria for its Capital, which Don Sancho K. of Navarr fortified for a Barricado against the K. of Castile. Mariana.
• Alabanda, a City of Caria, of which Place Menacles, and Jerocles, and Apolonius Molo, three great Orators were Natives. Cicero in his Natura Deorum, speaks of one Alabundus, whom those people ador'd as a God; and from whom perhaps the City might derive its Name. Tho' others will have Alaban∣dus a Son of Carus to be the first King and Founder of it, who having won a famous Horse-Race, was called Alabun∣dus from Ala, a Horse, in their Language and Barde, Victo∣rie. The Trade of the Town consists in very ordinary pieces of Workmanship; whence any thing that was Trivial was proverbially call'd Opus Alabandicum. Juvenal.
• Alacranes, Islands of New-Spain, so call'd from the great Number of Scorpions that breed therein: They lye to the North, and within 20 Leagues of Juratan, in the Northern America.
• Aladin, Soldan of Egypt and Damascus, was the Son of Saladin, who did so much mischief to the Christians in Pale∣stine. In his time, viz. about 1193. the Christians recovered some places which his Father had won from 'em, as Berytes and Jasa; to which the assistance of the Knights of St. John, and the Knights Templers greatly contributed. However they made not that advantage they might have done of the fair opportunity offer'd 'em through the Contests of the Sons, to revenge themselves for the Injuries which the Father had done 'em in his prosperity. Baronius.
• Alaf, King of the Saracens in Asia, he took the City of Edessa, then very Rich, by Assault; and Ransack'd it after a most Cruel and Barbarous manner. This Accident befell the Christians upon Christmas day at Night, in 1145. This roused the Christian Princes, who at the Prayers of St. Bernard, Lowis le Jeune, and others, undertook a Croisade to recover the Holy Land; but without success. This is suppos'd to be the same Alaf, or Alaph who took Baldwin the 2d, and kept him three years in Prison. Baronius. Marmol.
• Alagon, John d' Alagon, a Gentleman of Provence, who thinking to make his fortune with the K. of Spain, lay'd a design to deliver Marseilles into his hands; and to that pur∣pose kept a Correspondence with the Spanish Ambassadors Se∣cretary at Paris. But wanting Men enough to bring his Contrivance about, he imparted his design to one of his Galley-slaves (for he had obtain'd the Command of two Galleys) but being by him discovered to the D. of Guize, and convicted of the Crime, was put to Death. Mezeray.
• Alahamare, otherwise call'd Mahomet Abusard, was the first King of Grenada. The disorders among the Moors in Spain were the Cause of his greatness; for seeing the Emperor of the Almohades declining a pace, and every body striving to lay hold on what they could get, he caused himself to be chosen by those of Archone, of which he was Governor, and seizing upon the Cities of Jaen, Gadiz and Grenada, made that City the Seat of his Dominion, in 1237. where his Successors Reign'd for 250 years, by the name of Alaha∣mares, till they were expell'd by Ferdinand and Isabell in 1492. Mariana.
• Alain I. Sirnam'd the Doe-little; Alain II. sirnam'd the Long; Alain III. the Son of Pasguitanus, all three Dukes, or Petty Kings of Bretagne in France; the last of which falling upon an Army of Normans of 15000. about the year. 890. left but 400 alive. They had before lay'd Siege to Paris, whence they were repulsed; and afterwards Invading Brit∣tany, kill'd one of the Dukes which stir'd up Alain against 'em. Baronius.
• Alain I. sirnamed Wry-beard; Alain II. Alain III. sir∣named Fergant; Alain IV. sirnam'd the Black, all four Counts of Bretagne; of which Alain III. was one of the devout Combatants in Palestine, and was at the taking of Nice, Antioch, and Jerusalem by the Christians. Argentré. P. le Baud.
• Alain, King of the Goths, who Ravag'd all Thrace, Epi∣rus, and Thessaly, by reason of the Covetousness of one Maxi∣mus, who was appointed their Protector by the Emperor Valens; from whom for that Cause they Revolted, and ha∣ving defeated the Emperor's Army, constrain'd him to fly to a poor Cottage, not far from Constantinople, where he was burnt to death. P. Diacon.
• Alain de Insulis, for his Learning was sirnamed the Great or Universal. He was Rector of the University of Paris, and died in 1294. after he had liv'd above 100 years. He was so famous that it was said of him, Sufficiat vobis vidisse Alanum: 'Tis sufficient for you that you have seen Alain. As also that fearing lest he should be too much elevated with his fame, he withdrew himself, incognito, into a Mona∣stry; the Abbot of which perceiving his Learning, took him to the Lateran Council, where he was admir'd by all the Cardinals for his Disputations, and Commanded by the Pope to write. Le Mire, Crantz.
• Alains, Latin Alani, a Barbarous People who overspread Europe and Africa in the 4th Century. Some say they were the Messagetae, others Scythians, or Sarmatians; they were the bloodiest People in the World; joyn'd themselves to the Vandals and Goths in the 5th Age, carrying Desolation and Terror wherever they went: They were known in Domi∣tians time. Their Captain was Gonderic, Son of Aodegigile, in 505. They fought against the French, and destroyed the Country on the Rhine. They Ravaged Spain also; but be∣ing defeated by the Visigoths, they thought of passing over into Africa. Salvian••, in his 7th Book of Providence, ob∣serves, that so many Barbarous People were rais'd up against the Christians, to punish their disorders. Ammian. Marcellin Beda.
• Alais, a French Town in the Lower Languedoc; in the Diocess of Nismes, which Revolted in the Reign of Lewis 13. because of the Persecution. Masson.
• * Alalaei, several small Islands in the Arabian Bay, where Tortoises are caught in great Number. Hoffman.
• Alalcomenae, an Ancient City of Beotie, built by a Prince of the same Name, famous for the Sepulchre of Tiresias, and a Temple of Minerva. For which reason it was so reverenced by the Heathen, that thô it were but small, and seated on a Plain, they always abstain'd from doing any violence to it. Plutarch says, it was Anciently call'd Ithaca, and was the place where Ulysses was Born. Strabo. Plut.
• Alamander, King of the Saracens, who being about to turn Christian, and finding the Disciples of the Arch Here∣tick Severus contending to have him their Convert, and con∣sequently the Honour of Baptizing him, to put 'em off, feign'd that he had received Letters, wherein he under∣stood that the Arch-Angel Michael was dead: To which they answering, That it was a meer story, ridiculous, and im∣possible. How! said he, Is it impossible that an Angel should either suffer or dye? How then could Jesus Christ dye upon the Cross, if, as you say, he has but one Nature. Anastasius. Cedre∣nus. Baron.
• Alamat, the 6th and last King of the Persians, of the Race of Ussun Cassan, dethron'd, and kill'd by Ismael, the Son of Chec Aidart, about 1499. whom Alamat put to death; and Ismael succeeding kill'd Alamat, was the first of the Sophi's. Spond. Marmol. 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• * Alambater, l'Isle de Dieu, upon the Sea Coast of the Pro∣vince of Guzarate, in India, 50 Leagues from the mouth of the River Indus, with a convenient Harbour and a Castle strongly fortified by the Portuguese, formerly besieged by the Turks, but in vain. It lies 80 Leagues from the City of Cam∣baia. Hoffman.
• Alamir, Prince of Tarsus, who assuming the name of Ca∣lyph, with a vast Army entred the Territories of the Em∣pire in the Ninth Age, but was vanquish'd, and put to death by Andreas Scytha Governor of the Levant, which was the more remarkable, because the Tyrant sent him Word before the Battel, that the Son of Mary should not save him. Marmol.
• * Alan, (William) or Allen, an English Cardinal, was born in Lancashire in the last Century, Nobilibus parentibus, as my Au∣thor has it. He was bred in Oriel Colledge at Oxford, and be∣came Head of St. Mary's Hall. Then going beyond Seas, he was Kings Professor at Douay, Canon of Cambray, and Rheims, here collecting the English Exiles, he united 'em into a Body, first at Douay, then at Rheims, so that he may be look'd upon as Founder of that Seminary. At last his Zeal for the Church of Rome got him advanced to the Cardinalate, being made Cardinal Priest of St. Martins in Rome by Pope Sixtus V. An. 1587. He had been about 7 years a Cardinal when he died at Rome of a Retention of Urine, aged 63, and was buried in the English Church. Pits a Roman Writer makes him a heap of Virtues, when he calls him Pious, Learn'd, Prudent, Grave, Meek, Humble, Modest, Patient, and Peaceable. But Goodwin a Protestant differs somewhat from him, when speaking of Alan in his Character of Cardinals, he says that he was the last of our Cardinals in time, but the first in wickedness, not deserving to be counted amongst Englishmen. Herostratus like to get himself a Fame, he endeavour'd to fire the Church of England, for which his Memory deserves to be buried in Oblivion.
• Aland, a Swedish Island at the mouth of the Bay of Both∣nicum, E. of Finland, and W. of Upland. It's chief Town is Castleholm. There are several other adjacent Islands. Baudr.
• Alaric I. of this Name, King of the Goths, succeeded Rhadagais••us. After the death of Theodosius the Great, Rufinus call'd him into the East in 395, where he laid several Pro∣vinces waste. Sometime after allur'd with hopes of greater Booty, he march'd into the West, and fell into Italy in 403, but was overthrown by Stilico, who nevertheless gave him liberty to retreat back again, and promis'd him a large Sum of Gold if he would assist him to dethrone the Emperor Ho∣norius, whom he also persuaded to bribe Alaric with Money, which being discover'd, Stilico was kill'd at Ravenna, having at the same time commanded his Troops to oppose Alaric, tho' contrary to his Agreement, which so enrag'd him, that he return'd again into Italy, and sack'd Rome in 409, and con∣quer'd all before him as far as Reggio, where being hinder'd passing into Sicily, he died in his return at Cosencia, and was buried in the midst of a River. Sosimus. Baronius.
• Alaric II. King of the Visigoths, succeeded Evaric or Euric in 484 or 485, he continued the Peace which his Subjects had made with the Franks. And though an Arian, permit∣ted the Catholic Prelats to hold a Council at Agde, he then also publish'd at Aire in Gascony, an Abridgment of the Six∣teen Books of Theodosius's Code. But Clovis King of Francc hating Arianism, fell upon Alaric, and in a Battle near to Vouillé, and Civaux sur le Clain, 5 Leagues from Poitiers, slew him with his own Hand, after he had Reign'd 23 years. Gregory de Tours.
• Alasco, or rather Laski John, a Noble Polonian who had been a Popish Bishop, but turning Protestant, was call'd over by Edward VI. to the Reformation of England, where he was Minister of the Dutch and French Churches. In the following Persecution, he retired with his Congregation into Denmark, where being ill us'd, some went to Wismar, others to Rostock. He himself, after he had set up a Dutch Church at Francfort, was recall'd into his own Country by the Letters of above 40 of the Polish Nobility and Ministers, and died in the year 1560. The King of Poland advised with him in his weightiest Affairs, he was a Person of great Piety, Parts, and Learning. Melc. Adam.
• Alba Pompeia, Alba, a City in the Dukedom of Montfer∣rat, but rent from it of late years by the Peace of Queiras. It now obeys the Duke of Savoy, having undergone many Vicisitudes in these latter times, and runs daily to decay for want of Inhabitants.
• Alba Regalis, Stul Weissenburg, by the Sclavonians Stolni Biograd, and by the Hungarians call'd Ekekeis Feierwa, a City of Upper Hungary on this side the Danube, seated in a Lake; famous formerly for the Coronations and Sepulchres of the Kings of Hungary. It lies upon the River Sarwitze, 45 miles from Buda to the West, and was taken by the Turks in 1543, but retaken again by the Duke de Mercoeur in 1601, but the Infidels retook it the next year after, and impal'd 40 of the Inhabitants for a design to have betray'd it again. * Boissard. On the 18th of May 1688, it surrendered to the Imperialists, and one of the Gates was put into the hands of the Chri∣stians, till the Emperor Ratified the Treaty under the Great Seal of the Empire, and having spent 3 days in providing for their departure, on the 20th of May, they march'd out about 4000 Souls in all, but not above 700 bearing Arms, the Im∣perialists found in it 84 Pieces of Cannon, great quantities of small Arms, and an incredible quantity of all sorts of Ammunition, but no Provision. The Germans found it for∣tified with 3 Bastions, and 2 other Works on one side, the rest of the Town being covered by the Morass in which it stands.
• Alban, a famous Painter of Bolognia, who flourishd about the year 1630, he Married a handsom Wife with little or no Portion, that he might have an Original by which to Copy Naked Venus's, the Graces, the Nymphs, and other Goddesses, and by his Children to draw little Cupids to the Life playing about Venus and the Graces, his Wife holding 'em over her Head Naked while he drew them. He died 1660.
• * S. Alban, the Protomartyr of Britain, was a Citizen of Verulam in Hertfordshire, since call'd St. Albans. He liv'd in the early times of Christianity, and was Martyr'd for it under Diolclesian, An. 303. The Papists say, that he walk'd dry∣foot through the Thames, and 1000 Men with him, the Wa∣ters parting on each side to make way for him, which con∣verted the Executioner so as he suffered Martyrdom with him. Gildas.
• Albania, so call'd from the colour of the People, a Region of Asia lying upon the Caspian Sea to the East, bordering upon Iberia to the West, and Atropatia to the South. The greatest part of it is bounded Westward by Zuria and Chimithe, and Northward by Litrachan. The chiefest Cities of it are Albana, and Osica. Isiganus of Nicea reports, that in Albania there are some People that are born with blue Eyes, who grow grey from their Childhood, and see as well by night as by day. Sanson.
• Albania Epirus, a large Province or Kingdom in Macedonia, called by the Turks Arnaut, which is always called by Leun∣clavius, Arbania. It is bounded on the North by Servia and Dalmatia, on the E. by Macedonia, on the S. by Livadia, and on the W. by the Adriatick Sea, it extends from N. to S. 200 miles as Baudrand saith, as others 170, and was hereto∣fore all of it subject to the Turks for 200 years last past, ex∣cept the Island of Corfu: The Capital of it was Scutari. It contains about 70000 Souls, which are for the most part Christians, or Renegades. The principal Sea-Port, Cities, and Towns, are Antivari, Dulcignio, and Durazzo; The In∣land Towns are Scutari, Alessio, Cron, and Berati. It was a celebrated part of Ancient Greece, as will appear in the word Epirus. At present the Inhabitants seem much disposed to shake off the Turkish Yoke, and to put themselves under the Protection of the State of Venice. This Country was an∣ciently Famous for the Courage, Swiftness, and Dexterity of their Cavalry, to whom the Turks have been beholden for many a Victory. These People, who have liv'd under the Dominion of the Turks ever since Mahomet II. won the Coun∣try from the Successors of Geo. Castriote, alias Scanderbeg, are for the most part Christians. The chief Cities that belong to it, are Scutari, Antivari, Croya, Cutaro, Drivasto, &c. The People are call'd Albanesi. It's observ'd of most of the Horses of this Country, and most of the Turkish Horses, that they are so accustomed to go on the near side on their own accord, to gain the Enemies Crupper, as soon as ever the Rider gives his Blow, that those that fight against 'em must either check the Horse at half turn, or surprize his Rider as he pushes on his Blow. Volaterranus.
• Albanois, a sort of Hereticks that sprung up in the VIII Age, and renewed the greatest part of the Manichean Errors. They held Two Principles or Beginnings of Things, the one Good, the Father of Jesus Christ, the Author of Good, and of the New Testament; and the other Bad, the Author of the Old Testament, which they rejected, and exclaim'd against all that Abraham and Moses could say. They maintain'd, that the World was from all Eternity; that the Son of God brought a Body from Heaven; that there is no other Sacra∣ment but Baptism; that the Church had no power to Ex∣communicate, and that Hell was a meer Fable. Prateolus. Gautier.
• Albanopolis, an Inland City of Macedon, the Metropolis of the Albanesi, about 40 miles from Dyrrhachium.
• * St. Albans, Lat. Fanum St. Albani, a Market and Bur∣rough Town of Caisho Hundred in the South of Hertfordshire, so called from St. Alban the Proto-Martyr of Britain, in whose Honour Offa the great K. of the Mercians founded a Mona∣stery here An. 795, the Abbot whereof obtain'd from Pope Adrian the Precedency of all English Abbots. This Town was built out of the Ruines of the Ancient Verulamium, op∣posite to the place where it stood upon the River Ver, and is to this day a great thorough-fare, and the best Traded place in the County. It consists of 3 Parish Churches, and the Abby Church yet standing retains the Ashes of many Nobles slain in two Field Battles fought here in the Quarrel of York and Lancaster. This Town has been Dignified with the se∣veral Titles of Viscount, Earl, and Duke. With the first An. 1620 in the Person of Francis Bacon Lord Verulam, Vis∣count St. Albans, and Lord High Chancellor of England. With the Title of Earl An. 1628 in the Person of Richard de Burgh, in whose Family it continued but 29 years. Anno 1660 King Charles II. conferr'd it upon Henry Jermin the last

• Lord of St. Albans, who dying without Issue, his Grace Charles Beaucler Earl of Burford, a Natural Son of K. Charles II. was by him created Duke of St. Albans.
• Albanus, Monte Albano, also a Lake by the name of Castell Gondolpho, both the Lake and the Mountain lie in the Cam∣pania di Roma, about 16 miles from Rome. Strabo gives an exact Description of the Mountain, where he says it was co∣vered with Houses, Vineyards, Woods and Forrests. And Plutarch reports a Wonderful thing of the Lake, that some∣times the Waters would swell so high in one night, that they rose above the Mountains. Propertius.
• * Albany, Braid Albin, Lat. Albania, a County in the West parts of Scotland, North of Argyle, the Word signifies High Scotland, or the highest part of Scotland, which some derive from the Lat. Album. For it's plain by ancient Authors, that Album and Alpum were synonomous, and that both signified with 'em not only colour but height, witness Festus, who says, that what the Latins call'd Alba, the Sabines call'd Alpa, from whence the Alps had their name, and it's very probable the Alps were so call'd, rather from their height then whiteness; 1. Because the Learned Buchanan observes Alba is the name of many Cities in Italy, France, and Spain, which are all si∣tuated upon Hills or near 'em; 2. Because the Alps are most properly so call'd where they begin to grow high. Certain it is, that the old Scots call'd their Country Albin, and them∣selves Albinicks, which hardly differs from Albion the ancient name of Britain. This is to be observed, that this Country gives the Title of Duke to the Eldest Son of Scotland, call'd the Duke of Albany.
• Albategnius, or Albatenius, a Syrian Prince, and famous Astronomer, who liv'd in the Ninth Age. He wrote very curious Observations on the Sun, the Moon, the fix'd Stars, and the Oblique Figure of the Zodiack. He is also known by the name of Mahomet of Aract, which is a City of Chaldea, where he spent the greatest part of his time. Genebrard. Vossius.
• * Alba••i, a sort of Hermites so called from the White Lin∣nen which they wore, Anno 1399 in the time of Pope Boni∣face IX. they came down from the Alps into several Provinces of Italy, having for their Guide a Priest cloath'd in white, and a Crucifix in his Hand; He pretended so much Zeal and Re∣ligion, that he was held a Saint, and his Followers multi∣plied so fast, that the Pope growing Jealous of their Leaders aiming at his Chair, sent Soldiers who apprehended and put him to death, upon which his Train dispersed. They pro∣fessed Sorrow, and Weeping for the Sins and Calamities of the Times, they eat together in the Highways, and slept pro∣miscuously like Beasts. Ross. View of all Relig.
• * Al••emarie, The most Northern part of Carolina in the West-Indies, where there are Two Colonies settled.
• Albergari, (Nicholas) a Cardinal under the Title of Santa Cruce, Bishop of Bolognia, in great favour with Martin V. who sent him Legate into France in 1431, and with Engenius IV. who sent him to preside in the Councel of Basile, but the Fa∣thers assembled there would not acknowledge him. He sent him also Legate into Germany, and upon his return made him Grand Penitentiary of the Church. He died in the year 1443, having had the Honour to have for two of his Dome∣stick Servants Thomas de Sarzana, and Aeneas Silvius, both af∣terwards Popes. Platina. Sigonius.
• Alberic, Marquiss of Hetruria, Son of Adelbert and Marozia the Mother of John XI. by Pope Sergius, who envying the growing greatness of Pope John, puffed up with his Victories over the Saracens, called in the Hungarians into Italy, for which he was put to death by the Romans. It is also said of Alberic, that giving Water to Hugues King of Arles, and Italy, whom his Mother had Married, and pouring it out too fast, Hugues gave him a Box o'th Ear, which Alberic to revenge caused a Revolt at Rome, which Hugues besieged, but in vain, and was fain to agree with Alberic, who afterward handled Pope Ste∣phen roughly. He died about 950. Baronius.
• Alberic, Arch-Bishop of Rheims, who undertook a Croi∣sado against the Albigenses and Saracens. He was taken Pri∣soner at Lisbon by the latter, and died at Pavia An. 1218. Mar∣lot. Hist. Rem.
• Albert I. the Son of Rodulphus the Emperor, and the first of the Archdukes of Austria (their Title before being Count of Hapsburg a Castle betwixt Bale and Zurick) by the gift of his Father who won it from Ottocarus King of Bohemia. Find∣ing Adulphus of Nassaw preferred to the Empire before him, he became his Mortal Enemy; and perceiving him forsaken by the chiefest of his Friends, put it to the decision of a Battel, wherein he slew Adolphus with his own hand in the year 1298, saying, here it is that you shall resign the Empire, and then was Crown'd at Aix la Chapelle, where the Concourse was so great, that Albert II. Duke of Saxony was stiffled in the Crowd. The Pope would not Ratifie his Election, but on Condition that he should Conquer France, which he promised, but never performed. He is said to have fought Twelve set Battles, but with various Fortune, nor had he always the justest grounds for his Wars. He designed to have made him∣self Master of the Kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia; but fail'd in his designs, and was at length stabb'd by John Duke of Swevia, from whom he had taken the Administration of the Government as being a Prodigal. Spond.
• Albert II. was the Son-in-Law of the Emp. Sigismund, whose only Daughter he Married, and in her right after Sigismund's death, was Crown'd King of Hungary and Bohemia, he drove the Polanders out of the Empire, and reduc'd the Moravians to Obedience: But going to Aid the Despot of Servia against Amurath II. he fell into a Dyssentery by the way, occasioned by a Surfeit of Melons in the parching heat of Summer, and being brought back from Buda to Vienna there died in 1435, in the 35th of his Reign. He was a Prince both Mild, Pa∣tient, and Liberal, and who had laid Designs greatly to the advantage of the Church and Empire. Aeneas Sylvius.
• Albert, First Duke of Mechelburg, chosen King by the No∣bility of Sweden, who could not endure the Tyranny of Mag∣nus the 4th, but afterwards through Idleness falling into the same Extravagances, he was forsaken by those that raised him, and overthrown in a Bloody Battle by Margaret the Widow of Haquin, Queen of Denmark and Norway, taken, and after seven years Imprisonment, forc'd to renounce all his Right and Title to his Kingdom. J. Magnus.
• Albert Arch-Duke of Austria, the youngest Son of the Emperor Albert I. Sirnam'd The ill Shap'd, because his Limbs were contracted by Poison which had been given him. He was first design'd for the Church; but came to the Dukedom after the death of Five Brothers one after another. He was a Prudent and Judicious Prince, whose continual Sicknesses did in no way hinder him from governing his Subjects hap∣pily. He died in the year 1358.
• Albert III. Sirnamed The Astrologer, for his Love to that Science, restor'd the University of Vienna, and built the For∣tress of Luxemburgh, but his immoderate Hunting brought him into a Distemper that carried him to his Grave in 1395. Bertius. Sansovin.
• Albert IV. call'd The Patient, succeeded The Astrologer, but being constrain'd to take Arms against Josse Marquiss of Mo∣ravia, was Poison'd, and died in the year 1404. This Prince is by some call'd Mirabilia Mundi, because he Travell'd to the Holy Land, and took pleasure to see the Wonderful things of those parts. He was a Prince Religious and Debonaire. Bertius. Sansovin.
• Albert VI. Son of the Emperor Maximilian II. design'd first for the Church, and made Cardinal and Arch-Bishop of Toledo. After that, Philip II. King of Spain, made him first Vice-Roy of Portugal, and then Governor of the Low-Countrey; in the year 1596. Philip dying, he threw off his Purple, and Married the Infanta Isabella, who brought him the Spa∣nish Belgium and the County of Burgundy in Dowry. Being overthrown by Count Maurice of Nassaw at Newport, in the year 1609 he besieged Ostend, and at the end of Three years, three months, and three days, took the Town reduced to a heap of Rubbish, with the loss of a Hundred thousand Men, and the Expence of vast Sums, while Count Maurice took Sluys, Graves, and other places at leisure. This Albert died without Issue in 1621. Thuanus. Grotius.
• Albert III. the Devout and Debonaire, Duke of Bavaria, remarkable for his Prudence and Moderation. He refus'd the Kingdom of Bohemia which was offer'd him, because he would not prejudice the Right of Ladislaus the Posthumus, Son of the Emperor Albert II. he died of the Gout in 1460. Bertius. Sansovin. Gans.
• Albert I. Duke of Saxony, Sirnamed The Proud, who be∣cause his Mother had given the Marquisate of Misnia to his younger Brother, which his Father Otho refus'd to recall, he Rebell'd against, and surpris'd him Anno 1195, and kept him in Prison, but he outlived not his Rebellion long, and died without Issue. Bertius. Bang.
• Albert II. The Degenerate, Duke of Saxony, Married the Daughter of the Emperor Frederic II. a Lady both Vertuous and Beautiful, by whom he had two Sons, Frederic the Strong or Bitten, and Diceman. But falling passionately in love with a mean Wench whose name was Cunegunda, that he might Marry her, he first attempted to Poison his Wife, but that not succeeding, would have hir'd a Mule-driver that serv'd his House with Wood, to have Strangl'd her, who abhorring the Treachery, advis'd her of it: She took leave of her Children with Tears in her Eyes, and embracing the eldest so passionately, bit his Cheek so, as that he carried the Mark while he liv'd, and being let out of a Window in a Basket, she escap'd to Francfort, and retiring to a Nunnery, died for grief, whereupon Albert Married Cunegunda, and by her had a Son call'd Lewis, whom he design'd for Heir. After her death, her two Sons took Arms against their Father, to revenge the Wrongs done to their Mother, and Albert after a long Contest with his own Children, was forc'd to retire to a Monastery, where he died in 1314, without Estate or Ho∣nour. Bertius. Bangius. Hagelgans. &c.
• Albert I. Elector of Saxony, was advanced to that Dignity by Frederic I. An. 1180. he govern'd with Honour and Repu∣tation, and was much belov'd by the Emperor Frederic II. and undertook a Croisado beyond Sea. According to some Au∣thors he was succeeded Anno 1260 by Albert II. his Son, who was stifl'd in the Crowd at the Coronation of Albert the Em∣peror, who kill'd Adolphus of Nassaw 1298. Spangenberg.
• Albert III. of that Name Duke of Saxony, being benighted with his Wife in a Forrest, where they had been a Hunting,

• and forc'd to take shelter in a Peasants poor Cottage, which happen'd to be on fire the same night; ran out in his Shirt in such a terrible fright, that he could not recover himself, but died soon after. This was 1422. Bertius.
• Albert, Duke of Saxony, Sirnam'd The Couragious, call'd also The Right Hand of the Empire, was Governor of Friesland in the Low-Countreys, which he reduc'd by Arms for the Em∣peror Maximilian I. in whose Service he signaliz'd himself by several Noble Exploits. He liv'd in the 15th Century. This Albert and his Brother Ernest, afterward Elector, had a nota∣ble Adventure in their Infancy. One Kaufung, who pre∣tended to have been ill used by their Father, seized these two Princes at a Castle in the Country where they were brought up, and carried 'em away into a Wood. A Party of Sol∣diers carried away Ernest, and Kaufung himself took charge of Albert, who meeting some Colliers demanded their Assistance, and so was delivered, and his Brother also at the same time. Albert was Father to George who was the great Protector of Luther. Thuanus.
• Albert I. Sirnam'd The Bear, Son to Othon Prince of An∣halt, by his Courage and Conduct won the Love of all the Princes of Germany, and more especially of the Emperor Con∣rade III. who made him Marquiss and Elector of Branden∣burgh in 1150, the House of Staden failing, who had enjoyed the Electorate before. He disforrested all the Mark of Bran∣denburgh, which was nothing till that time but Woods, built several Towns, and Peopled 'em with Inhabitants, which he Invited out of Holland, Flanders, and other places. He also repeopled those other parts of Brandenburgh which the Incursi∣ons of the Swedes and Danes had laid waste; And after he had founded several Churches, Monasteries, and Colledges for the Instruction of Youth, dy'd in the year 1169, leaving Othon who was afterward Marquiss of Brandenburgh, and Bernard who was Duke and Elector of Saxony. So that from the Fa∣mily of Anhalt proceeded two Electors. Angelus. B••rtius.
• Albert, Marquiss and Elector of Brandenburgh, Sirnam'd The Achilles, and Fox of Germany. He was Politick in Under∣standing, full of Courage, and an undaunted Captain. He had Wars in Silesia, Bohemia, Prussia, and Germany, and tho' engag'd in several bloody Combats, came off still with ad∣vantage; and of Nine Battels that he fought with the Citi∣zens of Norembergh who contended for the Liberty they had purchas'd of his Father, won Eight, but fail'd in the last. He died in 1486, in the 72 year of his Age. Bertius. Crantz.
• Albert, Grand-Master of the Teutonic Order, and first He∣reditary Duke of Prussia; so created by his Uncle Sigismund. Augustus King of Poland, with whom he had contested the right of Homage for some time, but unsuccessfully, a Peace was at length concluded in 1525. And Albert embraced the Protestant Religion, and Married Dorothy Daughter to the King of Denmark, a Princess of great Vertue. And died in 1568. Surius. Spond.
• Albert, Marquiss of Brandenburg, Son of Casimir, in 1547 was sent to Saxony by the Emperor Charles V. where he re∣ceived from that Elector the Town of Roclitz, in which he was afterward made Prisoner, but speedily released. In 1552 he published a Manifesto against the Emperor, complaining of the Male-administration of Charles V. and his Ministers, and entred into the Confederacy against him, and raising an Army, pillaged Prussia, rais'd vast Sums from Duke Albert, took the Town and Castle of Lichtenaw on the 5th of May: And not being satisfied with the answers of the Nurembergers to whom it belong'd, burnt it, with 100 Villages and 70 Castles. The Bishop of Bamberg was forced to quit him 20 Cities, besides that of Wirtsburg, and 900000 Livres Debt. The Towns of Swabia Treated with him, and Nuremberg which he be∣sieged, promised him 200000 Crowns, with 6 great batter∣ing Pieces. He also laid waste the Territories of the Electors of Ments and Treves, took the Cities of Spires and Wormes, harrassed Lorrain and Luxemburg, making all the Priests flye where-ever he came, and thought to have surpriz'd the Duke of Guise at Metz. At length he agreed with the Emperor, and assisted at the Siege of the said Metz. Anno 1553 being returned into Germany, he begun to pursue the Bishops and Towns who had Treated with him. The Bishop of Bamberg having obtain'd Letters from the Chamber of Spires against him, was about getting them put in Execution. In the mean time Albert invades Saxony and Brunswick with Fire and Sword, but was totally routed by Maurice of Saxony, Aug. 7. 1553, the latter dying quickly after of his Wounds, he was routed again at Schwinfurt, June 1554, put into the Imperial Ban, and forfeited, whereupon he retired into France: But having leave to return home, and plead his own Cause, coming to his Kinsman the Marquiss of Baden, out of a deep and me∣lancholy consideration of his former Greatness, and a Life intemperately led, he there fell sick and died, An. 1557. An egregious Example of the inconstancy of Human Affairs; that he who was wont to be surrounded with so many thou∣sands of Armed Men; He who had fill'd all Germany with the terror of his Name, shou'd end his days deserted by his Fortune and his Friends in extremity of misery. He was of a quick Wit, but violent, and much inclin'd to drink, so that he seem'd to be in a continual fury, but by his prodigality he engaged his Soldiers to him. He was call'd the Alcibiades of Germany. Thuan. Davil. Sleiden.
• Albert, Arch-Bishop of Mayence, Duke of Lorrain, Chan∣cellor to the Emperor Hen. V. who made him one of his E∣lectors: At first his great Friend, but afterward ungratefully rais'd all Saxony against him, and took part with the Pope his most bitter Enemy, and contributed to the chusing Lotharius of Saxony to succeed Henry V. Died in 1137. Hist. Germany.
• Albertus Magnus, by Profession an Austin Frier, a Native of Padua, Thomas Aquinas's Master, who got his Learning in the University of Paris, and then sow'd it again over all Italy. Others will have him to be a German Dominican, born at La∣vingen in Suabia, and descended from the Family of the Counts of Bolstaten. Pope Alexander IV. sent for him to Rome, where he officiated as Master of the Sacred Palace: And Urban IV. forced him to accept of the Bishoprick of Ratisbon. He died at Cologne, where he spent the greatest part of his time, in the year 1280, in the 87th year of his Age. The love of Solitude made him quit his Publick Employments, to betake himself to his Cloyster again. Some Authors accuse him of Magick, say he knew the Philosophers Stone, invented Gun-powder, and had a Brazen Head which gave him Responses. Trithem. Bellarmine. Vossius.
• Albia, Albiga, Albi, a City of France in the Upper Languedoc, and a Seat of a Bishop under the Arch-Bishop of Bourges. It is the chief City of a small Country called Albigcois. The Cathedral Church, Santa Cecilia, has one of the most beauti∣ful Quires in France. From this Town and Country were the Albigenses named. Le Mire.
• Albicus, Archbishop of Prague, advanced to that Dignity by Sigismund King of Bohemia, a great Friend to John Huss, and the Disciples of Wicliff, a Person of great Wit and Learning. Sponde A. C. 1412.
• Albigenses, in French Albigeois, so called because of their first Increase in Albi, and Albigeois from whence they spread themselves all over Lyonnois, and Languedoc, Tolouse, Aquitain, and Agennois, in a very short time. Their Opinions were little differing from the Waldenses, if not altogether the same, affirming the Pope to be Antichrist, the Church of Rome to be the Whore of Babylon; and in a word, decrying all the Superstitions and Figments of the Romish Religion, and lay∣ing open the excessive Wealth, Pride, and other Vices of their Cle••gy. Against these Innocent III. first made use of Do∣minic's Sword, sending no less then 12 Abbots of the Cister∣tian Order, and after them Didacus Bishop of Oxford, who carried Dominic along with him: But finding they could do little or no good, he thought it high time to make use of the Iron Sword for the rooting out their Religion, that grew so fast to the prejudice of the Papal Athority. To which pur∣pose he rais'd up Leopold VI. Duke of Austria against the Wal∣denses in Germany, and Simon Montfort against the Albigenses in France, who first took Beziers, where the slaughter was pro∣miscuous, tho' the Popes Legates had ordered the Catholicks to mark themselves with a Charcoal. After that he took Car∣casson, from which the poor People were permitted only to march out with their Cloaths upon their Backs, leaving all the rest for plunder to the Soldiers. At Minerba, 150 were burnt alive; and at La Vaur many Cruelties were committed, the Governor of the Town being Hanged, and the better sort all beheaded. Nor did the Pontifical Legats spare the Wo∣men, but after they had put the Lady of La Vaur into a Well, caus'd great Stones to be thrown upon her, to keep her down. From thence the Holy Army, (for so was Simon Montfort's Army call'd) marched on, ransacking and plundering, sparing none that would not renounce their Religion. He also de∣feated the Count of Tolouse, and kill'd him no less then 17000, with the loss of 8 Men only as they say. Not long after Lewis VIII fell upon Avignon, for admitting the Albigenses into their City, levelled their Walls with the Earth, and pull'd down above 300 Houses. Thus far Thuanus. The remainder of these Harrass'd People retired to Merindoll, Cabrieres, and other places of Provence and Avignon, where by Vertue of an Act of Parliament for their Extirpation, the Baron of Opede by Fire and Sword destroyed above 4000 more, and g••ve the plunder of their Goods to the Soldiers. Moreri, tho' a Papist, speaks nothing of their murdering a Bishop in the Church, tho' Heylin gives it as the cause of this Judgment. They were supported for some time by the Counts of Tholouse and some Neighbouring Princes, till Raymond X. Count of Tholouse made Peace with S. Louis, and then they were destitute of all Secular help. They sent to Zuinglius for Teachers, and af∣terwards to Calvin, of whose Sentiments the remainder of them called Vaudois do still continue to be. Baron. Spon.
• * Albinact, a Son of Brutus the suppos'd Planter of Britain, to whom was allotted after his Fathers death Albania now Scotland, being invaded by Humber K. of the Huns he was slain in a Fight, and his People driven back into Loegria, his Brother Locrine's Country. Humber marching forward, was encountred by Locrine and his Brother Camber, who being defeated by 'em was drown'd in a River which retains his name to this day.
• Albinodanus Pedo, a Poet Contemporary with Ovid, to whom he gives the Epithete of Celestial, and graces him with one of his Pontick Elegies. He wrote the Voyage of Germanicus. And there is yet extant an excellent Elegy of his upon the death of

• ... Drusus: But the Elegy upon the Death of Mecena seems to be erroneously attributed to him. Scaliger. Vossius.
• Albinus, Decimus Claudius, a Native of Adrumetum in Africa, who caus'd himself to be proclaim'd Emperor in England. And Septimius Severus allow'd him the Dignity of Caesar, and told him also, He had design'd him for his Suc∣cessor; however it was known that at the bottom he did not love him: For after he had vanquish'd Niger, who was declar'd Emperor in the East, he fell upon him, and in a Bloody Battel near Lyons overthrew him. After which Albi∣nus being Besieged in a House near the Rhone, and seeing no way to escape, sell upon his own Sword and slew himself. Severus used the Corps Barbarously, made his Horse pass over it; and cut off his Head, which he sent to Rome; and spoke outragiously to him as if he had been alive. Historians say, that he could eat 10 Melons, or 1500 Figs at a Breakfast. Albinus was very tall, and for an African, had a delicate Com∣plexion, and a Voice as shrill as a Womans. He was Cho∣lerick, but Couragious; He Drank little, but Eat unmerci∣fully. He had Learning, and made passable Verses. Julius Capitolinus. Dion.
• * Albion, the Ancient name of the Isle of Great Britain, so call'd from the Lat. Album, White, by reason of the white Chalky Clifts on the Sea Coasts thereof; or as some will have it, from Albion a Son of Neptune; it being not impro∣per that so great an Island of the Ocean should be denomi∣nated from the Son of the Prince of the Sea. See Great Britain.
• Albion, the Son of Neptune, by Amphitrite, who was Ston'd to Death by Jupiter for opposing Hercules, endeavouring to pass the Rhone near Aigues-Mortes; at what time Hercules ha∣ving spent all his Arrows, was forced in his extremity to implore the aid of Jupiter. Pomponius Mela. Pliny.
• * Albis de (Thomas) or Thomas White, second Son of Richard White of Hutton in Essex Esq; bred from his Childhood a R. C. became at length a Secular Priest, and one of the most noted Philosophers of his time, as his publish'd Writings, much admir'd and sought after by the Learned, shew. Hobbs of Malmsbury and he visited each other, and often wrangled and scolded about Philosophical Questions like young Sophisters, thô they were both at that time of their acquaintance past 80 years of Age. The Scholars that were present at their Disputes, held that White carried the Laurel. He died in 1676. the 94th year of his Age.
• A••••••••azen Hali, the Son of Abenragel the Arabian, who liv'd in the 13th Age, and compos'd a Book of the Judg∣ment that was to be made by the Stars, which Asphonsus the 10th King of Castile, Sirnamed the Astronomer, caus'd to be translated into Spanish; from whence it was afterwards turned into Latin. Vossius.
• Albom, King of the Lombards, extirpated the Gepidae, al∣ready much broken by continual Wars, and slew their King whose Daughter Rosamond he had Married, making a Cup of her Father's Skull, which he tip'd with Gold. After∣wards he fell into Italy, with Fire and Sword, took Milan, Pavia, Ravenna, and all the most considerable Cities except Rome. But at length, after so many Victories, his Wife Ro∣samond, who look'd upon him as the Murderer of her Father, caus'd him to be Assassinated by her Gallant Helmiges, after he had Reign'd 32 years, and then she retired to Ravenna with a vast Treasure, and part of the Army, in the year 574. Paulus Diaconus. See Albovinus.
• Albon, a County of the Dauphinate in Viennois; from whence the Counts of Albon derive their Title, and from whose Lineage descended an Ancient and Illustrious Family, still remaining in France in divers Branches, under the Titles of Marquisses Forgeux and Fronsac; and Sieurs de St. Andre. Chorier.
• Albornoz, Giles Alvarez, Archbishop of Toledo, royally de∣scended both by Father and Mother, He was made a Cardi∣nal by Clement VI. in 1350. and by his Successor Innocent VI. sent into Italy Legat and General in the War he had under∣taken against the Usurpers of St. Peter's Patrimony, whom the Cardinal reduced to their Obedience, restored Peace to Italy, and recall'd Urban V. from Avignon to Rome, he died in 1367. when he was created Cardinal he quitted his Arch∣bishoprick of Toledo; for which, being blam'd, he made An∣swer, That He was no more to be blam'd for quitting a Wife to whom he could not be serviceable, than D. Pedro K. of Arragon was for quitting his Wife Blanch of Bourbon, to Caress Mary de Padilla his Mistress. Being ask'd by Urban V. what he had done with all the vast sums of Money sent him during the Wars of Italy. He order'd a Wagon laden with Bolts, Locks, Bars and Keys to be driven under the Popes Palace, and then desiring his Holiness to look out at a Window, told him, The Money which he ask'd for, had been spent in making him Master of all those Cities of which those were the Keys and Locks which he saw in the Wagon. The Pope pleas'd with this Answer, caress'd and thank'd him, and regretted his death so much, that to put a respect on him, he promis'd an In∣dulgence to those that would carry the Litter which his Corps lay in; whereupon Hen. K. of Castile, and most of the Grandees of his Court, carried it to obtain this Indulgence. Ciaconius. Spond.
• * Alborough, a Market Sea Port, and borough Town of Plumsgate Hundred, in the East parts of Suffolk, pleasantly Seated in a Dale, between the Sea Eastward, and the River Ore Westward, and chiefly noted for its Fishery.
• Albret, in Latin Lebretum, a County of Gascoign, in that part call'd Les Landes de Bourdeaux, and in the Diocess of Bazas, dignified with the Title of Dukedom. The Capital City of this Province is Albret, the other Towns are Nerac, Montreal, Castel-Aloux. In 1556. K. Hen. II. erected it into a Dukedome, in favour of Anthony de Bourbon K. of Navarr, and Jane d' Albret his Wife, and Mother to Hen. the 4th. At present it belongs to the House of Boüillon. The Family of Albret has been very Ancient in France, and fruitful in great Personages of both Sexes: Amongst the rest Charles d' Albret, who oppos'd the English in Gasconie in 1402. but in 1415. was kill'd in the Battel of Agen-Court, where he Com∣manded the Vanguard of the French Army, &c. Du Chesne.
• Albovinus, K. of the Lombards; He invaded Pannonia as soon as able to bear Arms, and Reign'd 42 years; but after he had Conquer'd he quitted it to the Hunns: and being re∣inforc'd by the Succours of several Princes, and chiefly of the French, amongst whom he had taken his Wife, he Invaded Italy, and made himself Master of it in 586. and thus be∣gan the Kingdom of the Lombards, which ended in 774. by the Conquests of Charlemaign. His Death was contriv'd about 571. by his second Wife Rosamund, provok'd by him, for forcing her at a great Banquet at Verona, to drink in the Scull of K. Chummond her Father, with this Sarcasm, Drink heartily with your Father: which so incens'd her, that she caus'd him to be kill'd by two of her Officers; with one of which she had committed Adultery to engage him in the Murder. Hoffman.
• Albuhascen, K. of Fez, who having defeated and de∣thron'd the K. of Tremessen, made himself Master of the Kingdom of Tunis, and became one of the most Potent Mo∣narchs of Africa, since the Empire of the Caliphs declin'd. He conceiv'd such hatred against the Christians, who had kill'd his Son, that he pass'd the Sea, attack'd Tariffa in Ar∣ragon in 1440. with 500000 Men, whereof he lost 200000 before it: Afterwards, repassing the Sea, he was expell'd his Kingdom by another Son that bore his own name, assisted by Don Pedro K. of Castile. Marmol.
• Albumazar, a Learned Arabian in the 9th or 10th Age, who wrote a Treatise of the revolution of the years, which shews him to have been one of the greatest Astrologers of his time. Blancanus. Vossius.
• Albuna, a Goddess worship'd by the Romans in a Grove belonging to the Territory of Tyburtum, which some suppose to have been the Nymph that presided over the Medicinal Waters at Tivoli; others believe her to be the 10th Sybyl born at Tivoli; and will have her to be Juno the Daugh∣ter of Athamas, who, to avoid the fury of her Husband, threw her self, together with her Son Melicerta, into the Sea. Ovid Metam.
• Alburquerque, a small City of Portugal, dignified with the Title of Dukedome, which was enjoyed by the famous Al∣phonso d' Alburquerque, Viceroy of the East-Indies, who greatly enlarg'd the Territories of the Portugueses in those Countries, but died of displeasure, An. 1515. that he was recall'd; at which the K. was so griev'd, that he made his Son change his Name from Blaise to Alphonso to preserve his memory, be∣cause he had Conquer'd several Indians Crowns, and procur'd him the Friendship of the K. of Persia. This Son was ad∣vanc'd to the chief place next the K. and wrote the Histo∣ry of his Father's Life. There was also one Edward Albur∣querque Knight of the Order of Christ, who wrote the Hi∣story of the War of Bresil. Marmol.
• * Alburnus, Alborno a Mountain of Lucania, near the River Silarus, now call'd Montagna di Sicignano, and M. Della Petina, out of which the River Zanagar takes its rise, not far from Auleta: The Romans worship'd a Goddess which was nam'd Alburnia from this Mountain.
• Albutius, Silus, an Orator of Novaro, highly esteem'd at Rome, who being in his old Age tormented with an Im∣posthume in his Breast, return'd to Novora his Birth-place; and after he had call'd the people together, and given 'em his Reason for so doing, Starv'd himself to death to be rid of his pain. Sueton.
• * Alburius, the Father of Canida, so sordidly Covetous, that when he sent his Servants to buy Victuals, he threatned 'em with no less than Death if they bought any other than he order'd 'em. Horace laught at one of the same name, who was wont to beat his Servants before they had commit∣ted any offence, for fear, said he, I should forget it when they really do amiss. Plutarch.
• Alcazar, the name which the Moors gave to their Royal Pa∣laces, as to that of Toledo, repair'd and much adorn'd by Charles V. where is to be seen that wonderful Hydrawlic En∣gine, which draws up the Water from the River Tagus, to so great a height, that it is thence convey'd in Pipes to the whole City.
• Alcazar, Quivir, or the Great, the Capital City of the Province of Asgar upon the Coasts of Barbary, famous for the Battel of Alcazar, where Sebastian K. of Portugal lost both

• the Field and his Life. It was built by Jacob Almanzor K. of Fez, for a Port to take Shipping in for Grenada. Alphonsus the Fifth K. of Portugal won it in the year 1448, and Eleven years after the Moors sate down before it, but were forc'd to quit their design with loss and shame. Marmol.
• Alcaçar-Ceguer, or the Little Palace, a City of the Pro∣vince of Habet in the Kingdom of Fez, seated towards the Streights of Gibraltar, which in that part is but 3 Leagues over, right against Tariffa. It was built by Jacob Almanzor, and so call'd to distinguish it from Alcazar-Quivir. Alphon∣sus V. took this City also in 1458, but K. John III. quitted it in 1540, as being of no advantage to him. Marmol.
• Alcaeus, a Lyric Poet born in Mitylene a City of Lesbos, he is reported to have been an Enemy to Pittacus one of the 7 Wise Men, and to have been so well belov'd, that by the Authority of his Verses he expell'd several out of the City. His Style was lofty, concise, and much like Homers. His Arms being found in the Field of Battel between the Athe∣nians and Mitylenians, from whence he made his escape, the Enemy hung 'em up in the Temple of Minerva at Sigaeum. Herodot. Euseb. Suidas.
• Alcai, a high and very fertile Mountain in the Kingdom of Fez, about 12 Leagues from the Capital City, inhabited by the Nobility of the Country, as being naturally strong by its situation. Marmol.
• Alcaide, a name given in Barbary to him that is intrusted with the Administration of Justice, and the Guard of the City. He is the absolute Judge both in Civil and Criminal Matters, and all Forfeitures belong to himself, but cannot condemn the guilty to any other punishment but death. Marmol.
• Alcala: See Complutum.
• * Alcala Real, Lat. Alcala Regalis, a City in the Kingdom of Granada upon steep Hills, 7 Leagues N. W. of Granada: The Moorish Kings when possessed of that Country made it their chief place of Solace.
• Alcamines, the 9th King of the Spartans of the Family of Agidae, Successor to his Father Teleclus, reign'd 17 years. He ruin'd the City of Helos about the year of the World 3245, and defeated the Argives who came to their Succor. Eusebius makes him the last K. of Sparta of the Family of the Agidae, but both he and Pausanias are mistaken. He was eminent for his Justice and Abstinence, and Plutarch reports of him, that being ask'd which was the best way to preserve a Commonwealth, he made answer, To prefer all things above Self-Interest. To another that ask'd him why he liv'd so poor∣ly, he replied, A Man was never Indigent that valued Reason above Wealth. To those that laught at him for refusing a Pre∣sent of the Messenians, he retorted, That he could never be at peace with Justice, had he accepted the Liberality of his Countrey's Enemies. Being resolv'd to revenge the death of his Father slain by the M••ssenians, he took the City of Amphea, and put all the Inhabitants to the Sword even in the very Temples. Plutarch.
• Alcander, one of the Companions of Sarpedon K. of Lycia kill'd by Ulysses at the Siege of Troy, also a young Man of Sparta who put out one of Lycurgus's Eyes in a Popular In∣surrection against that Lawgiver, whom Lycurgus was so far from punishing, that he carried him home, and preferr'd him above all his Domestick Servants, by which he won so far upon the young Man, that he lov'd and honour'd him afterwards above all Men living. Plutarch.
• Alcantara, a small but strong City of Spain on the River Taja, near the borders of Portugal, 120 miles N. of Seville, Long. 10. 30. It is an ancient Town, having a Bridge 670 foot long, and 28 wide, standing on 6 Pillars, built by Trajan, and was ruin'd by Pompey's Captains. It's noted for an Order of Knights who take the denomination of Alcantara, formerly Knights of the Pear-Tree. This Town being taken from the Moors by Alphonso VIII. King of Leon, An. 1013. he gave it to the said Knights, who thereupon wore the Green Cross Flower-de-Luc'd. At first they swore Chastity, but Pope Paul IV. permitted them to Marry, and Pope Alexander VI. united the Great Mastership of it to the Crown of Spain in favour of K. Ferdinand and Isabella. Mariana.
• * Alcaraz, a City of New-Castile in Spain, on the River Guadana, 14 miles from Andaluzia, 83 S. of Cuenza, and 125 S. E. of Madrid, Long. 10. 30. Lat. 39. 25.
• Alcataran, made K. of Cordoua by the Arabians after the death of Abdumalic, but because he favour'd the Foreign Ma∣hometans, especially those of Damascus, he incurr'd the hatred of his Subjects, who therefore sought to depose him, however he vanquish'd these Rebels, but his ungrateful Favourites making head against him, besieg'd and took him in the For∣tress of Cordoua, and there hung him up over one of the Battlements. Marmol.
• Alcarbeus, the Son of Pelops, who being suspected for the murther of Chrysippus his Brother, fled to Megara, where ha∣ving kill'd a Lyon which had torn in pieces Euripus the King's Son, he Married the Queens Daughter, and succeeded him in the Kingdom, by whose Name Megara was afterwards call'd Alcathoe, Vide Megara. Pausanias.
• Alcenor, or Alcinor, an Argive, who in a Combat of 100 Argives with as many Lacedemonias, to determine the bounds of their Territories, was one of the two that escap'd, the rest being all slain, and all but one of the other side.
• Alceste, or Alcestis, the Daughter of Pelias, and Wife of Admetus K. of Thessaly, who offer'd to die to save her Hus∣bands Life. Vide Admetus. Euripides.
• Alceras K. of Macedon, Son of Eropus, and Father of Amyn∣tas, reign'd 8 years, and died An. M. 3527. Eusebius menti∣ons him, but Justin leaves him out in his Catalogue of the Ancestors of Alexander the Great. Euseb. Justin.
• Alchymie, a name given to the Art of Purifying Metals, and changing the less perfect into Gold and Silver, and to the Ex∣tracting of the Spirits of Minerals and Plants. The Followers of this Art pretend, that Adam taught it Enoch, and that from him it descended to Moses and others. Some are so prophane as to alledge Solomons Song to relate to this subject, and to be the Epithalamium of the Sun and Moon. Pliny says the Emperor Caligula was the first who prepar'd Natural Arsenick in order to make Gold of it, but left it off because the charge exceed∣ed the profit. Others say the Egyptians had this Mystery, which if true, how could it have been lost. The Arabians are also said to have invented this Mysterious Art, wherein they were follow'd by Raymond Lullus, Paracelsus, and others, who never found any thing else but Ashes in their Furnaces. So that Kirker observes judiciously, that the Quadrature of the Circle, Perpetual Motion, Inextinguishible Lamp, and Philosophers Stone, have rack'd the Wits of Philosophers and Mathematicians for a long time without any effect. P. Kircher mundi subterranei Tom. 2.
• Alciat, (Paul John) a Milanois, first a Soldier, and then one of Socinus's Partners in Preaching that the Son and Holy Ghost are not Almighty and Eternal, and that the Father gave 'em not his own being, but one inferior. The K. of Poland having banish'd 'em his Kingdom, Alciat became a Turk, and died miserably, as some say, but others, that he died at Dantzick, and not a Turk. Spond.
• Alcibiades, General of the Athenians, nobly descended, and adorn'd with great Endowments of Wit and Beauty. During the Peloponnesian War his Councel and Courage caus'd the Athenians to declare War against the Syracusians, and to make him their General. His Enviers accusing him of Sa∣criledge, tho' wrongfully, he would not trust the lightness and cruelty of his Citizens, but fled to Thebes, where under∣standing that his Person was condemn'd, and his Estate con∣fiscated, he fell in with the Lacedemonians, and caus'd 'em to enter into an Alliance with the K. of Persia to besiege Athens, nevertheless mistrusting the Lacedemonians, no less distrustful of him, he fled to Tissaphernes, Darius's General; soon after which he was recall'd by the Athenians, but before he would return to the City he constrain'd the Lacedemonians, 5 times beaten by Land, and 3 by Sea, to sue for a Peace, took Jonia, Byzantium, and several other Cities upon the frontiers of Asia, for which he was receiv'd in triumph into Athens, had all his Estate restor'd, and was laden with Honours. In the mean time his Lieutenant General fighting the Lacedemoni∣ans without order, and losing the Battel gave his Enemies oc∣casion to prosecute him a-fresh, upon which he fled to Phar∣nabazus, who gave him Grunium, a strong City in Phrygia, worth 50 Talents a year: While he stay'd there, he was con∣triving to League himself with the K. of Persia for the de∣struction of the Lacedemonians, not being able to suffer the ruine of his own ungrateful Country. Lysander having notice of his Intreague, wrought so effectually with Pharnabazus, that he sent Sisamithres and Bagoas to kill him, who having surpriz'd him in a Country Cottage as he was upon his Jour∣ney to the Persian Court, endeavour'd first to have burnt him alive by setting fire to the House, but that failing, they shot him to death with their Arrows after he had escap'd the Flames, An. 350 of Rome. Plutarch.
• Alcides, a name given to Hercules to express his Strength and Courage according to the signification of the Greek word Alke, or else from Alcaeus his Grandfather by the Fathers side, as Herodotus relates, also a name given to Minerva by the Macedonians, as Tit. Liv. testifies, who reports of Perseus, that before he undertook the War with the Romans he sacri∣fic'd a Pompous Sacrifice to Minerva sirnam'd Alcides. Plutarch.
• Alcimus, a Renegado Jew, and a Traytor to his Country, who was put in possession of the High Priesthood by Bacchides at the command of Demetrius, but outed again by Judas Mac∣cabaeus who slew Nicanor that was sent to restore Alcimus a se∣cond time. Josephus.
• Alcinous, the Son of Nausitous K. of the Phaeaces, a People of Corcyra, a most just Prince, and one that delighted much in Gardening and Planting, so that his Orchards were not only most delightful but fruitful and profitable withall, from whence the Poets feign'd him to be the Deity of that sort of Husbandry. Ulysses being cast by foul Weather upon his Island, was by him so magnificently entertain'd, that in re∣compence the Hero thought he could do no less then amuse him with long Stories of the Cyclopes, Lotophagi, Circe, and a hundred other Adventures, whence the Dreams and Figments of impertinent People are proverbially denoted under the name of Alcinous Fables. Homer. Ovid. Virgil. Tertul. Plato.
• Alcinous, a Platonick Philosopher who has given us an

• Abridgment of his Masters Philosophy translated into Latin, and corrected by James Charpentier, set forth also at Leiden by Daniel. Heisius.
• Alcippe, the Daughter of Mars and Aglauros, who was pursued by Halirrottius the Son of Neptune, with a design to Ravish her, for which he was kill'd by Mars. The Poets say that Neptune accus'd him for this before the 12 Gods, who being equally divided in their Opinions, Mars was acquitted. The place where the Gods sate in Judgment was call'd Areo∣pagus, and the Judges Areopagites. There was also another Alcippe the Daughter of Oenomaus, Wife of Evenus, and Mo∣ther of Marpissa, who being Ravish'd away by Idas, Evenus pursued the Ravisher, but not being able to overtake him, he flung himself into the River Lycornas, and became Immortal. Pliny makes mention of one Alcippe, who brought forth an Elephant. Pliny.
• Alcippus, a Citizen of Lacedaemon, of great Authority in his Country, and most Studious of the Welfare of it, never∣theless through the continual Accusations of those that envied his Vertues, was at length sent into Exile. His Wife Alcippe designing to follow him, was prevented by the Magistrates, who confiscated his Estate, so that she had nothing whereon to subsist, nor maintain her Daughters, whom they would not suffer to Marry, lest their Children should revenge the Injuries done to their Grandfather, whereat Alcippe being en∣raged, took opportunity to revenge her self by setting Fire to the Temple, where all the Women of Quality were As∣sembled, so that they all perished in the Flames, and while the People were about extinguishing them, kill'd her self and her two Daughters. Plutarch. Narrat. Amor.
• Alcithoe, a Theban Woman, who contemning Bacchus and his Orgia, and when other Women were solemnizing his Fe∣stivals, keeping close to her Spinning at home, was by the Incens'd Bacchus transform'd into a Bat, and her Spindle and Yarn into a Vine and Ivy. This Fable teaches, that the Worship of the Gods is not to be contemned, and that the supream Deity oftentimes manifests the Glory of his Justice by the punishment of his Despisers. Ovid.
• Alcu aeon, the Son of Amphiaraus and Eriphile, his Father being forc'd to the Wars of Thebes, discovered to him his Mo∣thers unkindness in disclosing where he lay hid, and left it to him to revenge his impending death, who mindful of his Fathers commands, so soon as he heard of his death, kill'd his Mother. For which Fact being tormented by the Furies, and his Mothers Ghost, he was at length purified in the Wa∣ters of the River Phlegeus, who gave him his Daughter Alphe∣sibaea in Marriage, to whom he presented his Mothers Neck∣lace, but afterwards falling in Love with Cal••yrrhoe the Daugh∣ter of Achelous, he promis'd her the same Necklace, which when he went home to fetch, he was kill'd by Themon and Azion, Alphoesibeas's Brothers. Ovid. Pausan.
• Alemaeon, the last of the Perpetual Archontes of Athens, to whom Charops the Son of Eschilus succeeded in the new erected Dignity for the term of Ten years, An. M. 3300. This Alemaeon kindly receiv'd the Ambassadors of Croesus, who sent to know whether he would go along with him to the Oracle of Delphos, which when he had promis'd to do, Croesus presented him with as much Gold as he was able to carry, and observing that he had overloaded himself, caus'd him to be carried home with his Burthen. Herodotus. Euseb.
• Alemaeon of Crotona, the Son of Pirithus, and Disciple of Pythagoras, of whom Diogenes Laertius in his Life reports, that he was the first that wrote of Natural Philosophy, he believ'd that the Stars had Life, and that their immortal Soul made 'em observe the course of the Sun. Diogenes. Plutarch.
• Alemaeonidae, the Posterity of Alemaeon in high reputation at Athens, who oppos'd Pisistratus, and freed their Country from his Tyranny. After they were expell'd Athens they went with the Amphyctions to build the Temple of Delphos, which they finish'd with a great deal of Magnificence, all the fore-part being of Parian Marble. Herodotus reports farther, that they brib'd the Pythian Priestess to admonish the Lacede∣monians, whenever they came to consult the Oracle, to free the Athenians from their Tyranny and Oppression. So that they still hearing the same Admonitions, sent Anchimotius with a Fleet to expel the Pisistradae, tho' their most entire Friends and Allies, having more regard to the commands of the Deity then the Interest of their Confederates. However Plutarch differs from this Relation in a small Treatise which he has written against Herodotus. Plutarch.
• Alemaer, a Town in North Holland, or Freezland, 5 Leagues from Harlem to the N. and from Amsterdam to the N. W. which is one of the neatest and pleasantest Cities of the Low-Countreys, as also one of the oldest Towns in Holland, being built An. 550. It was very often in after-times taken and burnt by the Friselanders, till William King of the Romans fortified it, and Florus his Successor improved its Strength. In the year 1517, there was a Contest between the Friselan∣ders, and Gelderlanders, in which this City was taken and Plun∣dered for 8 days by the latter, upon which the Inhabitants obtain'd leave to rebuild their Walls. In the year 1573 the Spaniards, after they had taken Harlem, besieged this Town, under Frederick de Toledo, but were forced to rise with great loss, Prince William of Orange having been here the year before, and ordered some new Fortifications, which proved of great use to them in this Siege. It is now the Capital City of the North-Quarter of Holland, and as such has her Depu∣ties in the States of Holland, and States-General at the Hague, in the Treasury and Admiralty, and in the East and West-India Companies. It is seated in a very fruitful and pleasant Country, both as to Cheese, Butter, and Corn, and the Y affords a Convenient passage between it and Amsterdam by Water. Zuer. Theat. Holl.
• Alemena, the Daughter of Electryo and Lysidice, Married to Amphitryo upon condition he should revenge the death of her Brother Telebais, in which War whilst he was busily im∣ploy'd, Jupiter passionately in love with her, put himself in her Husbands Shape and lay with her, tho' already with Child by Amphitrio, by which means she was deliver'd of two Sons, Iphiclus by her Husband, and Hercules by Jupiter. Plu∣tarch speaks of her Tomb, and observes, that after Amphi∣trao's death she Married Rhydamanthus; and Pliny makes men∣tion of her Picture drawn by Zeuxis, and highly valued by those of Agrigentum. Ovid. Plutarch.
• * A••co••k, (John) was born at Beverly in Yorkshire, bred a D. of Divinity in Cambridge. Hen. VII. preferr'd him to the See of Ely, and to be Lord Chancellor of England, he built a Chappel at Beverly, founded a Chantry for his Parents, and turn'd St. Radegunda's old Nunnery in Cambridge, first found∣ed by Malcolm K. of the Scots, into a new Colledge call'd Jesus-Colledge.
• Alcon the Son of Erectheus Prince of the Athenians, who directed his Arrows with so true an aim, that he kill'd a Dragon that had seiz'd upon one of his Children, without hurting the Infant. Virgil. Pausan.
• Alcoran, the Book of the Mahumetan Law, an Arabian Word signifying Reading or Collection. Mahomet Composed it by the help of Batiras a Jacobin, and Sergius a Nestorian Monk, with the Assistance of some Jews. The Book is di∣vided in Four Parts, and each of them in Chapters, which have ridiculous Titles, as the Chapter of the Cow, of the Emmot, of the Spider, and of the Flie. It is Composed in Arabian Verse of a very good Style, but of so disorderly a Method, that it is a continued Gallimafry; The Author speaks sometimes in his own Name, and sometimes (as he pretends) in Gods Name, and at other times in the Name of the Faithful. Most of the Principles of the same are those of Arius, Nestorius, and Sabellius, and other Heresiarks. Some∣times he makes use of Scripture Histories which he falsifies, and adds many Fables to that of the Patriarchs, Christ, and John the Baptist. This Book is in such Veneration among the Infidels, that it's death for a Jew or Christian to touch it, and for a Musselman himself, as they call their true Believers, if he touch it with unwashen Hands. They say that God sent it to Mahomet by the Angel Gabriel, writ on Parchment made of that Rams Skin which Abraham sacrificed in stead of his Son Isaac; for its Doctrine they say that it is as ancient as the first Prophets, since God chastised Adams Children; that Noah repair'd what the first had lost; that Abraham succeed∣ed the second, Joseph the third, and Moses the fourth; that Christ Establish'd, and Mahomet Confirm'd it. Our Saviour is therein call'd the Word, the Power, the Soul, and Strength of God. They admit Prayers for the Dead, and Purgatory, they believe that the punishment of the Damned will cease, and that the Devils shall be converted by the Alcoran. They say that the Soul is a part of God, maintain Freedom of Will and Destiny. They say there are 7 Paradises, all of which Mahomet viewed on a Creature called Alberak, bigger then an Ass, and less then a Mule. The first they say is of fine Sil∣ver, the 2d of Gold, the 3d of Precious Stones, where there is an Angel betwixt whose one Hand and the other is 70000 days Journey, and that he is always reading on a Book; the 4th is of Emerald, the 5th of Christal, the 6th of the colour of Fire, and the 7th a delicious Garden watered with Foun∣tains and Rivers of Milk and Honey, and Wine, with divers sorts of Trees always green, and Apples whose Kernels are changed into Girls so handsom and sweet, that if one of them should spit in the Sea, the Waters thereof would no more be bitter. They add, that this Paradise is guarded by Angels, of which one hath a Cowes Head with Horns which have 40000 Knots, and that there are 40 days Journey be∣twixt each Knot. There are others which have 70 Mouths, and every Mouth 70 Tongues, and each Tongue praises God 70 times a day in 70 different Idioms. Before the Throne of God there are 14 Wax Candles lighted, which countain 50 years Journey from one end to the other; That all the Apartments of Heaven are garnish'd with what may be conceived most Pompous, Rich, and Magnificent; That the Blessed are there fed with the most rare and delicious Messes; that they Marry Women who are always Virgins. And in the whole they Accommodate their Heaven to the most Sensual and Brutish Appetite. They add, that their Wives do not enter Paradise, but behold the Happiness of their Husbands at a distance. For Hell they say, that it consists in Pains which shall have an end by the bounty of Mahomet, who is to wash the Damned in a Fountain, that they may eat the remainders of a Feast which shall be made to the Blessed. They alledge, that after death two black

• Angels come to the Tomb, and restoring the Soul to the Body of the deceased, ask it if it hath carefully observed the Law: If the dead answer Yes, the transgressing Member gives him the Lie, if it be not true, and upbraids him with his Crime. Whereupon one of those black Spirits knocks him on the Head with a Hammer, which drives him 7 fa∣thom into the Earth, where they torment him a very long time. And on the contrary the Corps of those which are Innocent be preserved by two White Angels till the day of Judgment. This Book says the Earth was created in 2 days, that it is sustain'd by an Ox which is beneath it standing on a White Stone, with his Head to the East, and Tail to the West, having 40 Horns, and as many Teeth, and betwixt every Horn is as great a distance as a Man could Walk for a thousand years together. They Lay, as the foundation of their Law, 1. Predestination; believing that all things are so in Eternal Idea's, that it is impossible to prevent the effects. 2. That their Religion is to be planted without Miracles, Dispute or Contradiction, and the Opponents are to be cut off without other form of Process; And that the Musul∣mans who kill Unbelievers deserve Paradise. In a short time after Mahomet's death there came forth above 200 different Comments upon his Book, whereupon Mohavia Calyph of Babylon summon'd an Assembly at Damascus to reconcile so many discording Opinions, but finding it labour lost, he made choice of 6 of the most Learned Mahometans out of the whole number, whom he shut up a-part, ordering 'em to write what they thought best, and was most agreeable to their Judgment. Which being done, those Six Books call'd the Alcoran to this day were compil'd and kept, and all the rest were cast into the River, with severe and strict Prohibitions neither to teach, speak, or act any thing contrary to what was contain'd in those Six Books; Nevertheless all that se∣verity could not hinder the spreading of 4 different Sects, the first and most Superstitious, founded by Rabby Melich, is embraced by the Moors and Arabians; The 2d, commonly call'd the Imenian, according to the Traditions of Haly, and which is the most Rational, follow'd by the Persians; The 3d, which is that of Omar, and the loosest, venerated by the Turks; And the 4th, set up by Odman, which is the most sottish, Idoliz'd by all the Tartars. Pierre de Cluni. John of Segovia.
• * Alcoraz, a Town of New Castile in Spain near the Moun∣tains of Orospeda, from it called Sierra de Alcoraz, memorable for the great Overthrow given here to the Moors in the year 1094.
• * Alcossir, a Sea-Port Town upon the Red-Sea, where the Europeans by the way of Cairo take Shipping for Abissinia, and is the usual and safest way which the Metropolitans ob∣serve when they go to attend the Patriarch in Egypt.
• * Alcudia, a Town of Majorca lately fortified with a Ha∣ven, 7 Leagues from the City of Majorca, and one from Pollentia.
• * Alcuinus (Flaccus) brought up under the Venerable Bede, and St. Egebert Archbishop of York, became the most famous Man of his time for Learning and Piety, and being sent into France by Offa the Saxon King of the Mercians at Charlemagne's desire, the latter admir'd him so much, that he solicited him to stay at his Court, gave him many Ecclesiastical Prefer∣ments, and employed him to write against Faelix Orgelitanus the Heretick, and the Canons of the Counterfeit Council of Nice. He Accompanied the said Emperor to the Synod at Francfort, An. 794, where he was admitted amongst the Fathers; and having after much solicitation obtain'd leave to retire from Court, he applied himself to the instructing of Youth in his Abby of Tours, where he died in June 804. He was very Learned in the Tongues, and whatever Polite or Ab∣struse Literature France boasts of in that and the following Ages, was wholly owing to him, and the Academies of Pa∣ris, Tours, and many others were either founded, enlarged, enrich'd, or instructed by him, or his Interest with Charlemagne. So far Dr. Cave in his Historia Literaria. Moreri says, that he was an Orator, Poet, Philosopher, Mathematician, and a Divine, being so thoroughly accomplish'd in all sorts of Learning, that he was called the Universal Scholar, and Se∣cretary of the Liberal Arts. He adds, that Andrew du Chene Printed his Works in a Folio at Paris, 1617, with his Life at the beginning. The Work is divided into Three Parts; the first is Treatises on the Scripture; the 2d on Divinity and the Liberal Arts; and the 3d History, Letters, and Poetry. The same Author says, that divers others reckon Alcuinus a Scotsman, which is also asserted by the best Historians of that Nation, and particularly in the Preface to Knoxes History done by a Learned Antiquary, where he is reckoned amongst the Luminaries of their Church in the Eighth Century, and a Witness against Transubstatiation, the Church of Rome having declared him an Heretick many years after his death, because of his Book on the Eucharist. They use also his Name Albinus, which is as much as Scotus, to maintain their Argument, but own that he was Scholar to Bede, whose Residence was not far from their Borders. The Learned Dr. Cave gives a Catalogue of his Works in his Historia Li∣teraria above-mentioned.
• Alcyone, a Town of Th••ssaly seated upon the Bay call'd Sinus Maliacus; Out of the Ruines of which Methone was built, where Philip of Macedon lost one of his Eyes; also a Lake in the Territory of Corinth, now the Morea, call'd the Fountain of Amphiaraus by reason of an adjoining Temple dedicated to that famous Soothsayer. The Lake is so deep that the Emperor Nero, who had the curiosity to sound it, could not find the depth, though he made use of several Ropes fastened together.
• Aldana, (Bernard) a Spaniard and Governor of Lippa in Transilvania, who at what time the Turks besieged Temiswar in 1552, hearing that some Troops of the Turks were march∣ing towards his Garison, and believing they came to besiege him, in a Panick Fear set Fire to the Arsenal, the Castle, and the City, and quitted his Post, which the Turks, who before had no design that way, perceiving, hastened to the Place, put out the Fire, and took possession of the Town; he was condemned to death, but the Sentence was chang'd into perpetual Imprisonment by the Mediation of Marie Queen of Bohemia, which was also afterwards remitted by the same Princesses Intercession, she being of Spain, the Emperors Daughter in Law, and willing to hide the faults of her Countrymen. Thuan.
• * Aldborough, an ancient Burrough Town of Hangeast Wa∣pentake in the North Ridings of Yorkshire.
• Aldeberg, a small City of Germany in Upper Saxony, upon the Confines of Bohemia, not far from the River Elbe, four Leagues from Dresden to the South, under the Elector of Saxony, and is very well Peopled.
• Aldebret, a famous French Impostor of the Eighth Century, who pretended to have a Letter written by Jesus Christ, which fell from Heaven at Jerusalem, from whence it was brought him by the Archangel St. Michael, he pretended to have Reliques of extraordinary Vertue, which he distributed to the People, with his own Hair, and the parings of his Nails; he and Clement were both condemned at the Council of Leptines. Baronius.
• * Aldeburgh, Lat. Isurium, a Corporation in the County of Suffolk on the Sea Shoar, which sends two Burgesses to Parliament.
• Aldegraf, Albert, born at Soest in Westphalia, a famous Pain∣ter and Graver, several Pieces of his Painting are to be seen at Soest and Norimberg. The Excellency of his Graving ap∣pears in his own and the Pictures of John of Leyden, and Knipperdolling, which are Pieces of Curiosity. The Sieur Spiring, Ambassador from the King of Sweden to the States, bought his Draughts in Holland at a Dear Rate; He was ad∣mirable for his Designs with Pen and Paper.
• Aldenburg: See Oldenburg.
• * Alderbury, a small place in Shropshire, noted for being the Birth-place of old Thomas Parre, who being born Anno 1483, died in 1635, so lived 152 years, during which time he saw no less then 10 Kings Reigns. Two years before he died he was brought up to London to K. Charles I. and when he died was buried in Westminster-Abbey.
• * Aldernay, an Island on the Coast of Normandy, famous for the Great Sea-Fight betwixt the English and French in May 1692, most of the French Ships who escap'd that defeat making their way through the Race of Aldernay, whither our Ships could not follow for want of Pilots.
• * Aldhelm, Bishop of Shirburn, An. 705, was of Noble, some say, Royal Lineage, and a Man of so great Learning, that he was consulted by the most Learned of Europe, as the Oracle of the Age, to Reform which he composed several Theological Poems to allure the Peoples Attention. He was a Man, says Bede, every way Learned, of a delicate Style, and well seen both in Secular and Ecclesiastical Learn∣ing. He wrote a Book Dedicated to Aldfrid King of Nor∣thumberland, about Brotherly Charity, the Dignity of the Number Seven, and making Latin Verses, being the first Englishman that ever wrote in Latin, according to Cambden. His Style was Sharp, Eloquent, Delicate, and Stately. He founded the Monasteries of Malmsbury, Frome, and Bed∣ford; and though of great Esteem in the World, yet he was affable to all, and extreamly Devout and Chaste, it being customary with him to stay in a Neighbouring Pond a whole night together to restrain the Motions of the Flesh. He was a great Champion for celebrating Easter according to the Romish manner, and wrote on that Subject to the Welsh. William of Malmsbury says, that by his Prayers a great Beam which had been brought from afar to build a Church, being much shorter then it ought to have been, was suddenly brought to a due length, adding, that the said Beam only remained untouch'd, when all the rest of the Abby was twice burnt; and several other Fabulous Things, which may be seen in Anglia Sacra, Part. 11.
• * Aldinelli, a Province containing Caria and part of Lycia in Lesser Asia, between the Mediterranean to the South, the Archipelago to the W. Sarchan to the N. Germia and Mentese to the East. In the ancient times there was in Lycia 60 Cities, 36 of which were extant when St. Paul Preached the Gospel here. The Principal of which were Xanthus and Patara.
• Aldric, Bishop of Mans, the Son of Syon Saxon and Gerilda Bavaroise, both of Royal Descent, he was in great favour with Charlemaign, and Lewis the Debonaire, who chose him

• for his Confessor; He was present at the Councils of Paris in 846. and that of Tours in 849. and died in 856. In his time the Feast of all Souls was instituted, and the use of Organs invented, he being the 1st that set 'em up in his own Church. Thuan.
• * Aldrick, (Robert) was Bishop of Carlisle in the Reign of Henry VIII. Burnham in Buckinghamshire was his Birth-place, and the King's College in Cambridge, that where he got most of his Learning. An. 1525. he was made Pro∣ctor of that University; about which time many Letters pass'd between him and Erasmus his familiar Friend, who stiles him Blandae Eloquentiae Juvenem. Afterwards he became Schoolmaster, then Fellow, and at last Provost of Eaton, till K. Hen. VIII. made him Bishop of Carlisle in 1537. Thô he complied with some Superiors, yet he never was a thorow∣pac'd Papist, much less a Persecutor of the Protestants; he died at Horn Castle in Lincolnshire, a House belonging to his See, in the Reign of Queen Mary, An. 1555.
• Aldrovandus, (Ulysses) of Bologna, a famous Philosopher and Physician, he wrote 120 Treatises, still extant in several Volumes, more especially those wherein he Treats of Birds, Beasts and Fish; he died in 1605. and had the Honour to have his Elogie written by Mapheo Barbarini, afterwards Urban VIII. Vander Linden. Lorenz. Crasso.
• * Aldulf, K. of the East Angles succeeded his Uncle Ethel∣wald in 664. and prov'd a good King.
• Ale, a Kingdom belonging to the more barbarous sort of N••gro's, where the Virgins of the Country believe their beau∣ty to consist in Carving the Shapes of several Animals upon their Skins. The K. when he designs a War, assembles his Council in a Wood near his Palace, where they make a Dike, and laying their Heads upon the brink of it, tell their Ad∣vice; when the resolution is taken, the Prince assures 'em, that the Ditch, which is then to be fill'd up again, will ne∣ver discover the secret, unless they first discover it them∣selves. It's true, they are so discreet as not to do it, for fear of being punished as Traytors; by which means their enter∣prizes are generally very fortunate. Sanutius.
• Alecte, one of the Furies, said by some, to be Daughters of Acheron and the Night; by others of Pluto and Proserpine. These Furies of the Ancients were nothing but the Passions of the Mind; and Alecto, which signifies without Repose, represents Concupiscence and voluptuous pleasures, which never let a Man be quiet for one torment of Mind or other; and they are said to be the Daughters of Pluto, because Riches are the Fuel that nourisheth this tormenting Passion. Plutarch. vid. Furiae & Eumenides.
• Alectryo, a youth so much in Mars's favour, that he made him privy to his Adultery with Venus, and set him to watch the door left he should be surprised by the Sun; but he falling asleep, the two Lovers were taken tardy by Sol, and discover∣ed to Vulcan, who display'd 'em in Adamantine Netts to the view of all the Gods; upon which Mars was so displeas'd with his Favourite, that he transform'd him into a Cock, who still remembring the misfortune of his drowsiness, makes it his business now to watch the Sun so strictly, that he can∣not stir but he gives notice of it.
• * Aledrisi, or Nubiensis Geographus, who above 500 years ago divided the World into seven Climates; he liv'd in the time of Roger K. of Sicily. His Geography was translated in∣to Latin, by Gabriel Sionita.
• * Alegransa, a little Island near the Canaries, having a convenient Harbour, defended by a strong Castle.
• Alemanni, a People of Germany adjoyning to Belgic, Gaule, and Rhetia, formerly inhabiting Suabia. Some believe that Alemanni was a name peculiarly given to five petty People, the Eburones, Cendrusi, Segni, Ceresi and Parmani, who having quitted their Country, and passed the Rhine to settle them∣selves in Gaule, assum'd the name of Tongin. However it were, Alemanni is now a General name for the Germans. Some think this word Alemanni signifies all kind of Men, the first Plantation being a mixt Colony; others, that it signifies All Man, that is to say, Strong, Warrior, a Man every bit. Du Chesne, Zonri.
• Alemannus, a K. of the Ancient Germans, who succeeded his Father Teuta, so much fam'd for his Strength and Cou∣rage, that he was call'd the German Hercules; and it's thought the Germans were call'd Alemanni from his name. It was his Custom always to have a chain'd Lyon to follow, whence the Princes of Germany bear one in their Atchievements: His statue was first set up in the Island of Reichenaw, but after∣wards remov'd by Maximilian to Oetingen. Helvetius. Hen∣nings.
• * Alemdin, a great and Populous Town four Miles West of Hascora in the Kingdom of Morocco, seated in a Valley between four high Mountains; the Inhabitants of which maintained a War against Hascora many years, till at last both of them were Conquered by the King of Fez. Leo. Af. p. 92.
• Alenton, Lat. Alenconium, a large and fair built City of Normandy, dignified with the Title of a Dutchy and Baillyage: It's very Ancient, and stands in a fertile Plain, between the Forest of Escoris and Perseigne. It has a Bridge over the Sarte, where it receives the Briante, which forms a little Island in the City, wherein stands the Convent of Sante Clara; also in the Parish of Nostredame, are to be seen the Tombs of the Dukes of Alencen. The Baillage is also one of the largest of the Province. It suffer'd much in the last Age during the Civil Wars; and M. de Matignon, afterwards Mareshal of France, prevented in this place the Massacre of the Reform'd upon St. Bartholomew's day, in the year 1572. He afterwards took the City for the Leaguers under the Duke of Main in 1577. After it had been under the Counts of the House of Valois, and re-united again to the Crown, by intervals, for some years it was erected into a Dukedom and Peerie of France, by Charles the 6th, in 1414. and so continued for three Successions; and then returning to the Crown again, was given to Francis the Son of Hen. 2d. who dying without Issue, it now continues annex'd to the Crown as before. Du Chene.
• * Alendorff, a City of Hesse on the Weser, much esteem'd for the Springs or Fountains of Salt thereabouts. Heylin.
• Alenteto, a Province of Portugal, so call'd, because it lies between the Rivers of Teio and Guadiana. It is about 36 Leagues in length, and 34 broad: within this Province lies Evora, the ancient Seat of the Kings; and here it was that Alphonsus I. K. of Portugal, in 1139. won the famous Battel of Orique from five Kings or Generals of the Moors: It's a Coun∣trey so extreamly fruitful, and the Inhabitants so industrious, that the Children of Country Husbandmen become Magi∣strates of the City. Mariana.
• Aleppo, by some call'd Hieropolis, by others Larissa and Borrea, is a City of Syria, between Alexandrineta and the Eu∣phrates: It's built upon four Hills, and the Castle upon the highest, in the middle of the City, supported with large Vaults in some places, for fear the Earth should moulder a∣way. It's about two Leagues in Circuit. Without the City runs a small River nam'd Coic, that serves to Water the Gardens that bear most excellent Pistachies. The Build∣ings, as well private as publick, are nothing beautiful on the outside; but within the Walls, are double lin'd with Marble of several colours, and the Roofs adorn'd with Fretwork and Grotesco, and Sentences in Golden Letters. There are in the City above 26 Mosques, seven of which have their Domo's co∣ver'd with Lead. The biggest was a Christian Church, and as some believe, was built by St. Helena. There are three Colleges in Aleppo, where Grammar, Philosophy, and other things that concern the Mahometan Religion are taught. There are also 40 Caravansera's, or Inns for Travellers and Merchants; and about 50 publick Baths. The Suburbs of the City are very large and well inhabited; and it's in 'em that most of the Christians have their Churches and Houses. Of the Christians there are several sorts, Roman Catholicks and Maronites the least in number. Greeks about 15 or 16000. under an Archbishop; Armenians about 12000. under a Bp. and Jacobites and Copties equal to 'em in number, who like∣wise have their Bp. and every one their several Churches. The chief Trade of Aleppo consists in Silk, Stuffs, Hair-Camblets, Galls, Sope, and several other Merchandizes, which causes a great resort of Italians, French, English and Hollanders, who have every one their particular Consuls. The vast Commerce of this City proceeds not, as some have written, from the conveniency of the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris, the 1st being shallow by the great quantity of its Water, drawn off by a number of Mills built upon it to Water the adjoyning Lands; and the latter is not Naviga∣ble, but from Bagdat to Balsora. Here resides a Bassa who Commands the whole Province, with a Guard of 300 Men, an Aga with 400 Horse; and another Aga with 700 Foot, with the Governor of the Castle, who has under him 200 Musqueteers, and the Command of all the Guns: This is reckon'd the 3d City in Turkey, and so populous, that Anno 1585. 120000 Men died there of the Plague in three Months time. It hath 12 Gates and 3 Suburbs. Tavernier adds, That this is the most Noble and Celebrated Mart for Trade in all the East; that besides the European Merchants, there are great numbers from Persia, Armenia, and the Indies that Trafick here: That its Port Scanderoon is three days journey to the West, whether come numerous Fleets every year. That the Fields about it are fruitful in Corn and Olives; and some cover'd with great Groves of Mulberry Trees, from which vast quantities of Silkworms are fed, to the en∣riching of the People. It's six Miles in compass, Wall'd and Dik'd, but not of any strength except the Castle. It was taken in the 15th year of the Hegyra, and 637 of Christ by the Mahometans, Heraclius being then Emperor of the East. Mango K. of the Tartars raz'd it to the Ground in 1260. and Selim the Turkish Emperor retook it again in 1515. and found in it inestimable Riches; In Minted Money 1100050 l. and a vast quantity of Bullion, besides Silks, Jewels and Furniture of great value; and eight great and well-stor'd Magazines, which Rich Plunder so encouraged his Soldiers, that no∣thing could stand before 'em. It's now no less Rich nor Glorious than it was then, being thought the richest City in the Ottoman Empire, next to Constantinople and Grand Cairo. The Caravans that go to Mecca and Medina meet here, and the Turkish Sultans have often visited it in the Persian Wars. Tavernier's Travels.

• * Alered. King of Northumberland Reign'd in the 8th Age, next to K. Ethelwald, from whom he usurp'd the Crown; but after nine years Reign he was depos'd, and forc'd with a few Attendants to fly from place to place.
• Aleria, an Ancient City of the Island of Corsica, with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Pisa, but now ruinous; wherefore the Bishop doth reside at Cervionnis, in the middle of the Island. The ruines of Aleria, are call'd Aleria destructa; and near to it is a River call'd Aleria; but Leander Alberti calls it Tavignano: It is suppos'd to be the Rhotanus of Ptolomy.
• Alesa, a City of Sicilie, built by Archonides Captain of the Herbitenses, upon a Hill about eight Furlongs from the Sea, peopled at first by the meaner sort of Trades, and Mercenary Labouring Rabble, whom the fear of War drave from Her∣bita; some believe it to be at this day call'd the Borough of Tosa, in the Valley of Demona, where also runs a River, an∣ciently call'd Alesus, now Pittinco. This City gave its name to a Fountain, of which it was reported, That in a serene season, if a Man play'd upon a Flute near it, the Water would presently move by degrees, then bubble up, and by and by, as if charm'd with the melody of the Instrument, swell up, and overflow its Banks. Solin. descrip. Sicil.
• * Alesham, a poor Market-Town in Norfolk, in Epingham Hundred, inhabited chiefly by Knitters, 99 Miles from Lon∣don; Their Market is kept on Saturdays.
• Alesco, or Alesso: Lat. Lissas, a City of Albania, upon the Gulf of Venice, near the Mouth of the River Drin, famous for the Tomb of the renown'd Scanderbeg, who died there in 1467. and for whose memory the Turks have so great a vene∣ration, that happy are they who can approach his Monu∣ment, and carry away some of the Earth, or a piece of the Sepulchre, which they tie to their Elbows as a precious Re∣lique that raises their Courage in Battel. Barill.
• Aleth, a Bishoprick of Languedock in France, Suffragan of Narbon, at the foot of the Pyrenees, 16 miles S. of Carcasson, and 40 W. of Narbon. Pope John 22. founded it in 1317.
• Alethes, the Son of Hippotas, who followed the descen∣dants of Hercules, that first made an Irruption into the Pelo∣ponnesus; this was 24 years compleat after the taking of Troy; at which time he seiz'd upon Corinth in the year of the World 2952. where he Reign'd 35 years, the 1st K. of that City. Pausanias.
• Alerides, the name which the Athenians gave to certain Sacrifices, in Honour of Icarus and Erigone, Instituted, for that several young Virgins hang'd 'emselves in imitation of Erigone; upon which the Oracle being consulted, commanded 'em to offer Sacrifices with little Images of Earth, such as Antiquity offer'd to Pluto: The name being deriv'd from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies to wander; as Erigone did up and down after her Father Icarus, till she found him dead. Hyginus.
• * Aletium Lecci, an Episcopal City in the Province of Otranto, under the Archbishop of Otranto, between Brundu∣sium to the West, and Otranto to the East, the Principal City of the Kingdom of Naples, next to Naples it self, 50 miles from Tarentum: Long. 42. 30. Lat. 40. 13.
• ...
  Kings of Egypt.
  • Alexander (Ptolemeus I.) 9th K. of Egypt, advanced to the Throne by the Artifices of his Mother Cleopatra, who hated his Brother Ptolomy Lathyrus, and shar'd the Government with him, until not content with being Partner, she expell'd him; some time after she sent for him again, where∣upon he, to prevent for the future her former usage, put her to death. However the Alexandrians detested the fact so, that he was Murthered by a Pilot whose name was Chereas, An. M. 3964. Joseph. Justin. Euseb.
  • Alexander 2d. Son of the former, bred up in the Island of Coos, was deliver'd into the hands of Mithridates, from whom, after he made his escape he fled to Sylla, by whom he was restor'd to his Kingdom; but was put to death by his Subjects 19 days after his Coronation. Appian.
  • Alexander Ptolomy 3d. K. of Egypt, advanc'd to the Throne after the death of his Brother Alexander 2d. having Reign'd happily for 17 years together, was it length ex∣pell'd by his Subjects, and died at Tyre. Appian.
• ...
  Kings of Epirus.
  • Alexander 1. K. of the Epirotes, Son of Neoptolemus, and Brother of Olympias, the Mother of Alexander the Great, was killed in a War with the Lucanians, in the 113 Olympiad, about the 428 year after the foundation of Rome; for being told that he should die by the River Acheron, he left his own Country, thinking to elude the Oracle, but met with ano∣ther Acheron in Lucania in Italy, which he never dream'd of. It's reported of this Alexander, That he complain'd of the inequality of his Fortune to that of his Nephew Alexander the Great, who he alledg'd found nothing but Women to fight against; whereas he found Men in Italy. Tit. Liv. Justin. Orosius.
  • Alexander 2. K. of Epirus, and Son of Pyrrhus, invaded Macedon; but was not only expell'd from thence by Demetrius Son of Antigonus, but despoyl'd of his own Kingdom: which however, he recover'd by the assistance of the Acarnanians. Justin.
• ...
  Kings of the Jews.
  • Alexander 1. Brother of Aristobulus, and Son of Hyrcan, advanced to the Throne by Salome the Widow of Philellen, who kept him in Prison with the rest of his Brothers. Alex∣ander kill'd his own Brother that was his Competitor for the Kingdom; besieged Ptolemais and Gaza defended by Ptolomy Lathyrus, from whom receiving a great overthrow, he begg'd assistance of Ptolemy's Mother, who afraid least her Son ha∣ving subdued Judaea, should break into Egypt, assisted him with a numerous Army to invade Cyprus; in the mean time, his own Subjects Rebelling against him because of his cruelty and ill conduct, after he had subdued 'em by the help of Demetrius, he caus'd above 800 of the chiefest to be Cruci∣fied in his sight, as he was Feasting with his Concubines, and order'd their Wives and Children to have their Throats cut before their Faces; in this Civil War above 50000 Lives were lost. Alexander being defeated by Demetrius Eucerus, and vanquish'd by Aretas, K. of the Arabians, through immode∣rate Drinking, he fell into a Quartan, of which, after it had held him three years, he died, An. M. 3978. 76 years be∣fore the birth of Jesus Christ; upon his death-bed he ad∣vis'd his Wife Alexandra, if she intended to hold the Go∣vernment to close with the Pharisees. Josephus. Salian.
  • Alexander 2. Son of Aristobulus, made head against the Romans; but being defeated in two Battels by Galbinius, fled to Antioch, where Scipio, Proconsul of Syria caus'd his Head to be cut off by Pompey's Order, An. M. 4005. and 45 before Christ. Joseph. Salian.
  • Alexander, the Son of Herod the Great, by Mariamne, bred up in Augustus's Court, where he was accus'd by his Fa∣ther of conspiring to deprive him of his Crown, and acquit∣ted; but afterwards, upon new suspicions, Condemned by his Father at Berytus, and Strangled at Sebastia in the year of the World 4049. two years before the Birth of Christ. Af∣ter his death started up a Pseudo Alexander, so like the young Prince, that the Jews of Crete and Melos believing him to be the true Son of Herod, supplied him with Money; but com∣ing to Rome, he was presently discover'd by Augustus, and sent to the Galleys. Josephus. Torniel.
• ...
  Kings of Macedon.
  • Alexander 1. the Son of Amintas, was frequently victori∣ous at the Olympick Plays, in several Tryals of Skill; he slew the Persian Ambassadors for being too Licentious with the Ladies of his Father's Court. He Reign'd in great Reputa∣tion 43 years, and died about the year of the World 3618. He was the 1st that rais'd the Reputation of the Macedonians. Justin. Euseb. Diodor. Siculus.
  • Alexander 2. Son of Amintas 3. was treacherously slain by his Brother Ptolomy, Surnam'd Morites, in the CIII. Olym∣piad, about the year of the World 3686. But the Usurper enjoy'd the Crown only three years. Justin. Euseb. Diodor. Siculus.
  • Alexander 3. otherwise call'd Alexander the Great, K. of Macedon, was born the 6th day of the Greek Month Hecatombe∣on, which answers our July in the CVI. Olympiad, An. M. 3698. 398 after the building of Rome, and 356 before the birth of Christ: Moreover his Mother was deliver'd of him the same night that the famous Temple of Ephesus was burn'd to Ashes; whence Magicians predicted, that he would kindle a War which would consume the most part of the East. In his In∣fancy there were several things which foretold his Grandeur, as Backing of Bucephalus, which none of the Quirrees could do; whereupon his Father told him, with Tears in his eyes, That He must go seek other Kingdoms, for Macedonia was not enough for him. He was reputed to be the Son of Philip and Olympias, thô his Mother would fain have a Nobler Father, when she affirm'd her self big with Child by Coition with a Dragon; and indeed he afterwards became so great a Man, that he might seem to be the off-spring of a Deity. His Father going to War, left him Governour of Macedon at 15 years of Age, and he acquitted himself of his Commission so well, that he quell'd a dangerous Revolt; and then ac∣companying his Father to the Wars, sav'd his Life in a set Battel, and became the admiration of all his Father's most experienc'd Officers. Philip being dissatisfied with his Wife, Divorc'd her, and Married Cleopatra a young Gallant Prin∣cess, which so much disgusted Alexander, that he quarrell'd with Attalus, Cleopatra's Brother, and occasioning his death, quit the Court, and retir'd to his Mother; but being recall'd gain'd the People by his bounty and affability after his Fa∣ther's death; he punish'd all those that had a hand in it, and after that he had Conquer'd Thrace and Illyrium, and taken Thebes, he declar'd War against the Persians in the CXI Olympiad, about 420 years after the foundation of Rome, and having vanquish'd Darius at Granicus, subdued all Lydia and Ionia, travers'd Caria, subjected Pamphylia, and reduc'd Cappadocia under his obedience; after which, having given 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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  • sign miscarried e're he could do any thing. Thuanus. Strada. Grotius.
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  Popes.
  • Alexander I. a Native of Rome, succeeded Euaristus, was the first that order'd the Holy-Water to be blest with Salt, and sprinkled in Private Houses to chase away the Devil; he suffer'd Martyrdom in the Reign of Adrian the Emperor, after he had sate 10 years and 7 months. He added Pridie quam Pateretur to the Clause Hoc est corpus meum, and instituted that Water should be mingled with Wine, to signifie the Union of Christ and his Church; He order'd also that the Host should be only of Unleaven'd Bread. Platina. There are 3 Epistles father'd on this Pope, viz. to the Orthodox, to the Bishops, and Priests, but Morery thinks they are none of his. Anastasius. Baronius. Platina.
  • Alexander II. before nam'd Anselm, succeeded Nicholas II. in the year 1061. he was no sooner elected but the Italian Bishops, supported by the Emperor Hen. IV. set up Cadolus by the name of Honorius II. and afflicted the Church with a long Schism. Alexander favour'd William the Norman in his Conquest of England, and depriv'd Laicks of the right of Inve∣stiture to Sacred Functions. He died in the year 1073, after he had sate 11 years and 6 months. The Parties of these two contending Popes fought it out in a bloody Battle in Prati di Nerone, and Cadolus was repuls'd from Rome, and being after∣wards recall'd, enters with a greater Force, but the Romans falling upon him, put his Men to flight, he himself narrowly escaping, was carried by a strong Squadron through the Ene∣mies Army to the Castle of St. Angelo, where being besieged, he bribed the Besiegers, and made his escape on Horseback. In the mean time Otho Archbishop of Cologne having a Com∣mission to settle the Affairs of the Church, rebuk'd Alexander for taking the Chair without the Emperor's Leave, but a Council being call'd at Mantua, matters were adjusted, Alex∣ander pardoned Cadolus on his submission, and by his Legat Hildebrand recover'd by Military Force what had been taken from the Church by Neighbouring Potent••tes. Platina. Genebrard. Baron.
  • Alexander III. succeeded Adrian IV. in the year 1159. The Emperor Barbarossa set up Victor IV. Paschal III. and Ca∣lixtus III. against him, however at length he got the better, and after 3 years absence in France, was recall'd by the Ro∣mans; The Emperor was forc'd to beg his Pardon at Venice, where the haughty Pope set his Foot upon his Neck, with this Expression, Super aspidem & Basilicum ambulabis, to which the Emperor replying, that that Power was not given to him but to Peter, he rejoin'd both to me and Peter. During his Troubles Emanuel Emperor of Constantinople sent to offer him Assistance, provided he would consent to the re-union of the Eastern and Western Empire, to which the Pope answer'd, that he could not consent to unite what his Predecessors had industriously divided. After his return to Rome he call'd the Third Council of Lateran for the Reformation of Manners. Platina. G••nebrard. Baron. Nauclerus.
  • Alexander IV. succeeded Innocent IV. in the year 1254. In his time the Two Factions of the Guelphs and Gibel∣lins, fill'd all Italy with Blood and Slaughter. He oppos'd the Pretensions of Manfred, Natural Son of the Emp. Frederic, vex'd England with his Exactions, as intending a War against the Turks, but being disappointed of that design by the Wars between the Venetians and Genoeses, died for grief in 1261, after he had govern'd the Church 6 years and odd months. He was a great Favourer of the Religious Mendicants, and condemn'd a Book written by William de Sancto Amore, for saying, that those who took Religious Habits to live by the Alms of other Men could not be sav'd. He had some Bloody Conflicts with the Gibbellines with various Fortune. Platina says he condemn'd a Book call'd the Eternal Gospel, which maintain'd, that a State of Grace was not attainable by the Law of the Gospel, but by the Law of the Spirit. Platina. Du Chesn. Genebard. Onuphrius.
  • Alexander V. was chosen upon the Deposal of Gregory XII. and Benedict XIII. During the long Schism of Peter de Luna he depos'd K. Ladislaus, who had harassed the Church-Domi∣nions, and taken some Towns; He sate but 10 months after his Election, and died in the year 1410. He was applauded for his great Soul, and Liberality to Men of Merit, which made him often say of himself, that he was a Rich Bishop, a Poor Cardinal, and a Beggarly Pope. He was first a poor Boy taken up as he was begging in the Streets of Candia by a Franciscan, who saw something more then ordinary in his Phy∣siognomy, and therefore gave him the Rudiments of Greek and Latin in his own Convent, where he improv'd so fast that he was sent to the University of Oxford, and afterwards to that of Paris, where he took his Doctors Degree. And this mean beginning made him use to say of himself, when he came to be Pope, he had this advantage above his Prede∣cessors, that he could not be compell'd to raise his Kindred, as never having known Father, Mother, Brother, Sister, &c. Platina. Volateran. Spond.
  • Alexander VI. having chang'd the Name and Arms of his Father Lenzoli, descended from one of the greatest Houses of the Kingdom of Valencia, to take that of his Mother Borgia Sister to Calixtus III. sate in St. Peters Chair with the Cha∣racter of Paparum Spurcissimus. He obtain'd the Popedom by bribing the Grandees of the Conclave; When he was Car∣dinal he got 4 Sons and a Daughter by Madonna Vanoza the Wife of Dominico Arimano. For the second of which Sons he had such an immoderate Affection, that he overturn'd all the Laws of God and Man to advance him to the Throne of the Caesars, and to obtain his end, he gave the Title of Catholick to Ferdinand K. of Spain, Vanquisher of the Moors, and di∣vided the Indies between him and the K. of Portugal, to make 'em favourable to his Designs. In his time Charles VIII. K. of France subdued the Kingdom of Naples, and in spight of the Popes Treachery in his return won the famous Battle of For∣novo, having but 9000 Men against 40000, and passed the Appennine Hills with great difficulty, 300 Swiss drawing his Artillery. He made a sport of selling Benefices and usurping the Rents and Lands which belong'd to 'em, and frequently put those to death that blam'd his Extravagances. He was publickly Lampoon'd thus.

    Vendit Alexander claves, Altaria, Christum, Vendere Jure potest, emerat ille prius. Sextus Tarquinus, Sextus Nero, Sextus & ipse, Semper sub Sextis perdita Roma fuit.

  • At length having design'd to poyson certain Cardinals at a Country-House of Cardinal Adriano Cornetto, he invited him∣self thither with a great Train. At which time his Son Caesar had given to one of his Confidents a Bottle of poyson'd Wine, with orders to give it none but such as he should direct, but the Pope coming in hot and dry, he that had the Bottle by mistake gave him the Poyson, of which he died in 72 of his Age, and 1503 of Christs Nativity, after he had held the Pontificate 11 years and 3 days. Caesar Borgia drunk also of the Poison, but escap'd by causing himself to be wrapt up in a Mules Belly, but was despoil'd of all his unjust Acqui∣sitions, after his Fathers death, the succeeding Popes giving the true Owners leave each to seize his own. Platina adds, that he cut off by violent deaths most of those who were bribed to Elect him. Charles the VIII of France enter'd Rome in his time with his Army, whereupon the Pope fled to the Castle of St. Angelo, but finding that the French behaved 'emselves modestly, upon the Civil Treatment of the Citizens; he came out and made a League with 'em, but the French K. distrusting him, would needs have his Son Caesar Borgia for Hostage. This Pope finding himself unsuccessful in War, endeavour'd to strengthen himself by Powerful Alliances, and Married one of his Daughters to John Sforza Lord of Pesaro, contrary to his Promise to a Spanish Nobleman to whom she was contracted. He afterwards took her from Sforsa, and gave her to Lewis of Arragon, Bastard Son to Al∣fonso D'Este Duke of Ferrara. He deluded the Ursini and their Confederates into a Treaty with his Son Caesar Borgia, who under pretence of giving 'em a courteous Reception, surpriz'd and murther'd the chief of 'em, and the Pope caus'd Cardi∣nal Ursini of that Family to be Poison'd. This Pope was ex∣ceedingly given to Women and Plays, in a word, he was pro∣digiously Vicious. Platina. Du. Chesn. Volateran. Mariana.
  • Alexander VII. a Sienese of the House of Chigi, succeeded Innocent X. he assisted the Venetians both with Men and Money to carry on the War against the Ottomans, and was very boun∣tiful to the People of Rome that had suffer'd extreamly by Pestilence, Inundations, and Earthquakes. Moreover he ef∣fectuated the Peace betwixt France and Spain by the Marriage of Lewis XIV. with the Infanta of Spain. Soon after the Corsi of his Guards having offended the Duke of Crequy the French Ambassador, he gave the K. all the satisfaction he could de∣mand, even to a mean submission, by erecting a Pyramide, and dismissing the Corsi for ever. He Canoniz'd Villa Nova, and Francis of Sales, Baptiz'd the K. of Morocco, and decided the Controversy about the Birth of the Virgin Mary, died in 1667, after he had sate 12 years and some Months. Platina.
• * Alexander Bishop of Comana, reputed a Saint, was Sir∣named The Collier, because he was of that Trade, chusing it to hide himself from the Eyes of the World to mortifie his Flesh, and to prevent his being polluted with Lusts, being a handsom well made young Man. His Election to the Bi∣shoprick is said to have been thus: The People of Comana requesting St. Gregory of Neocesarea to found them a Church, after some days Converse among them, they came to chuse a Bishop; The Chief of the Town had their Eyes on those who were eminent in Learning and Birth, but Gregory telling them they must only consider Merit in the Person, one of the chief being dissatisfied with this Prelates Conduct, said to him in scorn; If you reject those who are most Illustrious, then chuse Alexander the Collier, who being there all smutty and ragged occasion'd Laughter; but Gregory being, according to our Authors, inspir'd from Heaven, did really chuse him Bishop; and that the People might know his Worth, caused him to Preach publickly, which he did with so much solidity, that they were at the same time Charm'd and amaz'd at his Doctrine. This happened An. 232, or 233, says Baronius. He afterward proved a Learned Bishop, and suffered Martyr∣dom under Decius the Emperor.

• * Alexander, Bp. of Jerusalem, was imprisoned for his Reli∣gion, in the time of Severus, and conjunct in that Charge at Jerusalem, with Narcissus, who was then Aged above 106 years, and at last suffered Martyrdom under Decius, he Col∣lected a good Bibliothe{que} at Jerusalem, which is mentioned by St. Jerom. Euseb.
• Alexander, Bp. of Hierapolis, An. 431. was sent by the Bp. of Antioch to the Synod of Ephesus in defence of Nestorius, to whom he was as great a Friend, as he was Enemy to Cyrillus, with whom he would hear of no accommodation upon what terms soever, and renounced Communion with all such as were for an agreement with him; insomuch, that at last he was Banish'd to Famothis in Egypt by the Emperor. Cave Hist. Liter.
• * Alexander, Bp. of Alexandria, according to Theodoret, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the most Valiant Champion of the Truth, succeeded Achillas about 312 or 313. in his time Arius broached his damnable Heresy, taking occasion from some of his subtil Expressions, while disputing somewhat vain-gloriously about the Trinity; whereupon Constantine the Great writ sharply both to him and Arius; but the latter being refractory, Alexander call'd a Synod, wherein Arius was condemned and degraded from being Presbyter; and this Sentence was afterward confirm∣ed in a Councel of 100 Bishops. A third Synod was called up∣on that same Subject, and Constantine wrote again to both Parties about an Accommodation; but without effect: whereupon the great and famous Councel of Nice was called An. 325. wherein, chiefly by Alexander's means, Arius was condemn'd and banish'd: And five Months after Alexander died, An. 325. Of 70 Epistles which he wrote against Arius, there are only two extant, one of them very large against Arius's Opinions to the Bp. of Byzantium; and the other to all Bishops, laying open Arius's Blasphemies, and desiring that his Followers might not be admitted into their Communion. Cave. Hist. Literaria.
• * Alexander, Bp. of Cappadocia about 212. being, ac∣cording to Eusebius, admonished by God in a Dream to go in Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, to Pray, and see the Holy places, the Clergy of that City being also forewarn'd in that same manner, did meet him without the Gates, as a Bishop sent to them from God; so that with consent of the Bishops of Palestine, and Narcissus of Jerusalem, then 116 years old, they compelled him to stay as his Coadjutor, and after his death he became his Successor, erected a Noble Library at Jerusalem, whence Eusebius owns that he had abundance of help for his History. Alexander suffered much under Severus and Caracalla, and in the Reign of Decius, was Imprisoned at Cesarea; and after a Noble Confession of Christ, received the Crown of Martyrdom. Cave. Hist. Literaria.
• * Alexander Bp. of Bizantium about 313. and 1st Patri∣arch of Constantinople, of whom Gregory Nazianzen gives this Character, That he was the great Alexander; the Ornament of the Church of Constantinople; the generous Defender and Propugnator of the Trinity: He subscribed the Condemna∣tion of Arius at the Council of Nice, and died about the year 336 or 37. during the Reign of Constantine, who being im∣pos'd upon by a false confession of Arius, consented to his re-admission into the Communion of the Church, which Alexander being not able to hinder, had recourse to God by Fasting and Prayer, to which he also exhorted the Church; so that it was observable, that after this, Arius died by void∣ing of his Bowels, just as his Party were carrying him in Triumph to be re-admitted. Theodoret.
• * Alexander, Bp. of Liege, Son of the Count of Juliers, fa∣mous for the great Victory he won from Godfrey Duke of Louvain in 1130. The Duke, besides a great number of Men, lost his Standard, which was afterwards carried about in the publick Processions of the City of Leige: He was de∣pos'd however by Innocent 2. upon false suggestions, and died for grief in 1135. At that time the Chapter of Liege was very August, having in it 9 Kings Sons, 24 Dukes Sons, 28 Earls Sons, 7 Barons Sons, and many Gentlemen. Gazay.
• Alexander, a Heretick, the Disciple of Valentinian, who maintain'd that the Flesh of Christ could not be humane, without being of the substance of Man, adding, that it was the sinful flesh which was condemn'd in our Saviour's Person. He wrote a Treaty of nine Chapters concerning what Christ did in the Flesh, with abundance of particular Opinions. Pamelius. Tertullian.
• Alexander, a Jew, who being sent An. 315. by the Patri∣arch of the Jews, to gather the Tithes and 1st Fruits of that People, was by converse with the Christians, and Reading the Gospel, Converted; at which the Jews were so enrag'd, that they took, beat, and cast him into the River Cydnus; but he escaping, complain'd to Constantine, who gave him power to build Churches; and on his account its thought, that the Law mention'd in the Code of Theodosius, was made, condemning the Jews to be burnt, who should torment any Christians. Le Sueur Histoire de L'Eglise.
• Alexander, ab Alexandro, an eminent Lawyer of Naples, where the Family has been of long standing, and fruitful in Great Men, he wrote de Diebus Genialibus in six Books, and flourish'd about the year 1494. and was contemporary with Jovianus Ponsanus. Gesner. L••mire. Posevin.
• Alexander, Aphrodiensis, a Peripatetic Philosopher, in great esteem about the end of the 2d Age, or the beginning of the 3d, and it's thought he outliv'd the Reigns of Severus and Caracalla his Son; he was the first Professor of Peripa∣tetic Philosophy, at Rome set up by Marcus Aurelius, and Lucius Verus his Son, and the 1st that open'd the way for all the crowd of Commentators upon Aristotle. St. Jerom Tran∣slated his Commentaries into Latin. Porphyr. St. Jerom, St. Cyrill, Posevin.
• Alexander of Abonoteichos, a famous Imposter, who by his cunning Artifices cheated the People into a perfect Adora∣tion of him. He had a quick wit, and very good presence, and an extraordinary Talent to persuade what he pleas'd; He learn'd of a Mountibank whom he serv'd when a Boy, a Secret to make people love or hate, &c. and after his Ma∣sters death associated with one Cocconas of Constantinople, a very expert Artist: These two, after they had deluded a great number of credulous and weak people, resolv'd to set up an Oracle amongst the Paphlagonians, whom they knew to be dull and superstitious; for which purpose they had two Plates of Brass in the old Temple of Apollo in Calcedonia, with an inscription, signifying that Esculapius and his Father would soon settle there; a little after Cocconas, whilst he rendred his ambiguous Answers, died by the Sting of a Viper: Then Alexander begun to deliver his Oracles, and the better to delude the ignorant people, he bred up two of the greater Serpents of Macedonia, and made 'em so tame, that they suck'd Wo∣mens Breasts, and play'd with Children without doing 'em the least harm, having brought his project to this perfection, he secretly conveys a Goose's Egg, wherein he had put a young Serpent, into the Foundation of the Temple that they were a building, and the next morning coming to the Market-place, he cried, That the Town was happy in the birth of a God, and immediately runs and takes up this mysteri∣ous Egg, and having broke it open, said, he had found Escu∣lapius: And the little creature appearing, the croud mani∣fested their great joy by loud acclamations. Some time af∣ter this, he shewed one of the great Serpents, holding its head under his Arm, to the astonishment of the Spectators, who imagin'd it was the same they had but lately seen so little; then he declar'd, that this God would render An∣swers at certain times, and desir'd that the Questions might be sent Seal'd, and shutting himself up in his Sanctuary, had a Herald to call the people in their due order, and deliver'd 'em their Papers Seal'd, as he receiv'd 'em, after he had cun∣ningly open'd 'em with a hot Needle, and done 'em up again without the least damage to the Wax; but if he chanced to break it, he had a composition of Mastick, Pitch, Wax, and Bitumen, mix'd with the Powder of Talk, which being soft, receiv'd the impression when rub'd over with Hogs-Grease, and when harden'd Seal'd perfectly well. As for the An∣swers, they were all dark and mystical, except such as re∣lated to Physick, wherein he was well skill'd. He had about Ten-pence for every Answer, which amounted to a vast sum; he kept several Officers under him, whereof some turn'd the Oracles into Verse, and others Interpreted 'em: His fame reach'd as far as Rome, where he had access to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, An. Dom. 174. In fine, after he had impos'd upon infinite numbers of people, and foretold he should die Thunderstruck as Esculapius did, the 150 year of his Age, he died miserably before he had attain'd 70. of a spreading nasty Ulcer in his Leg, which at last reached his Belly. Spon. Recherches curieuses D'antiquite.
• Alexandretta, a City of Syria, seated at the extremity of the Mediterranean Sea with a commodious Haven, where the Merchants put in that go to Aleppo; the Turks call it Scande∣ron: There are in it an English Consul, and a French Vice-Consul. The Air of the place is extreamly unwholesom, by reason of the Lakes and Morasses that extend themselves into the adjoyning Plains; about half a League without the Town stands a Tower, upon which are engraven the Arms of Godfrey of Bovillon, which in all probability was built to defend the High-way, that is enclos'd with Marshes on both sides. See Scanderon.
• Alexandria, There are many Cities of this name; but to begin with the 1st, call'd the Great, to distinguish it from the rest, It is seated upon the Mediterranean Sea, dignified with the Title of a Patriarchate. The Turks, who are now Masters of it, call it Scanderia: The scituation is most convenient, between the Sea and one of the Arms of the Ri∣ver Nilus, by which means it enjoys two Havens, the Old and the New; it was built by Alexander the Great, as one of the Monuments of his Conquests, in the CXII. Olympiad, about 330 years before the Birth of our Saviour. In process of time Alexandria became famous over all the World, and not only the 1st City of Africa, after the destruction of Carthage; but the 1st in the World, next to Rome, and indeed whe∣ther you consider the advantage of the scituation, the fertili∣ty of the Soil, the magnificence of the Buildings, the con∣venience of the Harbour; or whether you look upon it in respect of the Sciences and Arts that have been profess'd therein, it seems to surpass all others, as having bred within her Schools many and most famous Astrologers, Physicians, and Historians. The Ptolomies of Egypt chusing it for their

• Capital Seat, beautified it to that degree, that it gave way to none but Rome it self; and the Romans when Masters of it, were no less careful to preserve its splendor, divers Em∣perors adding new Ornaments, and enlarging its Privileges. The Emperor Caracalla was not so kind, for the Citizens be∣ing given to railery, and having spoken disadvantagiously of him, under the pretence of composing a Battalion of the youth of the City, he assembled 'em in a Plain, where he caus'd 'em to be Massacred in Revenge. The Air of this place is bad, occasion'd by the Vaulted Cisterns under the Houses for containing their Water, which comes in an Aqueduct from the Nile, when it over-flows; and from thence its let into each particular Cistern on the 1st of August, with great joy, it being to serve 'em till that time Twelve-month; but its exhalations corrupt the Air, and the Water it self contracts an ill smell. The Commodities of this place are Spiceries, Ostrich Feathers, and Medicinal Roots, &c. In this City are St. Mark's Church and Sepulchre, possess'd by the Coptics, and visited by the Roman Pilgrims. The Turks pretend that Alexander's Tomb is here, and visit it much: The Walls of the City are fortified with 120 Towers, four stories each, and capable to lodge 100 Soldiers; the Roofs of the Houses are Platformwise, therefore in the Sum∣mer the people eat and drink upon 'em. Since this City came into the possession of the Turks it lost much of its An∣cient splendor, or rather is almost ruin'd to what it was, there not being in it above 8000 Inhabitants: The main oc∣casion of which is, because it has lost the Trade of the Indies, since the Portugueses found out a safer way, by the Cape of Good-hope; near the Haven, is the Island Pharos, now joyn'd to the firm Land by a Mote which Cleopatra caus'd to be rais'd; upon that Island stood the Tower of Pharos, one of the seven wonders of the World; upon the Ruins of which, the Turks have now built a Castle, and another upon the Harbour; but notwithstanding the great decay of the City, there are yet to be seen the Ruins of Cleopatra's mag∣nificent Palace, the Cells and Chambers appointed for the 70 that translated the Bible; and without the City, the Remains of Pompey's Pillar, the Pedestal of which is eight Fathom high, all of one piece of Cast Marble: But the greatest loss was that of the inestimable Library of 500000 Volumes collected by Ptolemy Philadelphus, consum'd in the Wars be∣tween Caesar and Pompey. Tavernier's Travels.
• This City is thought to have been the Noph of the Hebrews, the strongest, richest, and best inhabited of Egypt, having the Nile on the E. and W. the Palus Meotis on the S. and the Mediterranean on the N. but it was intirely ruined by Nebuchadnezzar, about An. M. 3380. as Prophesied by Jer. c. 44. Ezek. 29. Jer. 43.46. and Nehem. 3. When Alexander the Great built, or rather repaired it in form of a Macedonian Cloak, it was about six miles round; but at last grew so much, that it was 15 Italian Miles in compass. The Haven was made inaccessible to Strangers, by works conceal'd in the Water; on the Left side it had an Artificial Mole, and on the Right the Island Pharus, with a Light-house discern∣ible 100 Miles at Sea, according to some Authors: It had Noble Schools, and the best Library in the World, begun by Aristotle, augmented by one of the Ptolomies, and burnt by Julius Caesar when he took the City by Storm, An. M. 3903. It was taken again by Augustus in 3920. was reckoned the Metropolis of Egypt, furnish'd Rome with four Months Corn, and paid as much Tribute in a Month, as Jerusalem did in a year: The number of Freemen in it being reckoned at that time 300000. St. Mark is said to have been the first who Preach'd the Gospel here, and to have Seal'd it with his Blood after 20 years Ministry. It was taken by the Sara∣cens in 641. Nubiensis says, That the Nile passes under its Houses which are all Arched, and particularly notes its Lighthouse, as exceeding all that are on the Earth, being built with Marble, Cemented with melted Lead, and 300 Cubits high. On the South-side of the City is a Noble Palace, then called Solomon's House, and supposed to have been built by him. Concerning the Lighthouse he says, That the cause of its building was the lowness of the Plain in which the City stands, there being no Mountain near to direct Sailers to it; so that the said Lighthouse appears like a Pillar of Smoak by day, and a star at night to those afar off at Sea. After the Mahumetans took it, it remain'd de∣solate for some Ages; but repeopled again by one of the Califfs. In 1147 the Venetians and K. of Cyprus took this City, and not being able to keep it, burnt it to the Ground; since which it never recovered its former lustre. The Land about it will bear no Corn; so that what they have is brought thither at 40 miles distance; but on the side of the Nile they have a few Gardens that bear unwholesom Fruits. In 1167 it was taken by Almarick K. of Jerusalem in 1167. after a long and tedious Siege: It was then very potent and rich; but more accustomed to Merchandise than War, and had but a small Garison of Turks who were hateful to the Citizens. When the Christians entred it, they admired to see that such a multitude of people could be kept within bounds, under such streights as they were reduced to, and that being above 50000. they should have surrendred to them, who were not above 500 Horse and 5000 Foot. The buildings of the City are now mean, and erected on the ruins of the former; neither is the 6th part of the Ancient bounds inhabited. The Walls are Quadrangular, and have four Gates; and there are about 100 Churches and Mosques in it. The Inhabitants are Moors, Jews, Copties, and Grae∣cians, who live here for Trade; but the Haven is very un∣safe and dangerous. It is guarded by two strong Castles, and the City by a 3d, all well planted with Cannon. Hack∣luit. Nubiensis, Strabo, Sands. Diodorus.
• The Church of Alexandria founded ••y St. Mark Disciple of St. Peter, had great Privileges, and was famous for its Learned Men, as Clemens Alexandrinu••, Origen, &c. and for its Pious Prelates, St. Heraclius, Athanasius, Cyrillus, &c. un∣til its Doctrine was corrupted by Arius and Melecius. The Clergy met several times in this Town to adjust differences; Their considerablest Assemblies are these that follow: 1st, That of the Bishops of Egypt and Lybia, under St. Alexander, wherein Arius was a second time Excom∣municated. 2. A Council held in 324. by Osius Bp. of Cor∣duba in Spain, sent to Alexandria, by Constantine the Great, to suppress Arianism, and the Schism of Melecius; and also to fix the Celebration of the Feast of Easter, observ'd at that time, by some on the 14th of March, according to the custom of the Jews; by others on the following Sunday. Here have been also several Councils to justifie St. Athanasius, who held one himself in 362. after the death of the Pseudo-Prelate George, Massacred by the Alexandrians. It was resolv'd in this Assembly, That the Defenders of Heresy should be par∣don'd upon their Repentance, but not allow'd to be of the Clergy; That those that were forc'd into a compliance might continue in their Places, on subscribing to the Coun∣cil of Nice: The Bishops wrote to Lucifer of Cagliari, con∣cerning the Church of Antioch, declaring, That the Holy Ghost had the same Substance and Divinity with the Father and Son; That there was no created thing, nothing poste∣rior nor inferior in the Trinity: They also condemned Ap∣pollinarius Heresy. St. Athanasius held another in 363. after Julian the Apostate's death, and wrote to the Emperor Jovian his Successor, who had recall'd him from Banishment: This Letter is to be seen in his works, and in the collection of the Councils. St. Cyrill held one in 430. against Nestorius; and Dioscorus who succeeded him, upon information that Pope Leon, in a Council at Rome, had condemn'd that call'd the Brigandage of Ephesus, assembled some of his Party in 449. and Excommunicated the Pope. But two years after Proterius submitted to the Ordinances of the Council of Chalcedon, which after he was Massacred by the Hereticks, were condemn'd in a Council held by Timothy Elure his Suc∣cessor, in 459. In 633. Cyrus chosen Archbishop of Alexan∣dria, held a Synod, where in the Decree call'd the Agreement, he publish'd Nine Articles, in the 7th of which, he boldly defended the Heresie of the Monothelites, and threatned to Anathematize any that durst oppose it. Le Mire Bibl. Eccles.
• Alexandria di Paglia, an Episcopal City in Milanois, suffra∣gan to the Archbishop of Milan: It was built in the year 1178. by the Inhabitants of Cremona, Piacenza, and Milan, who took part with Alexander the 3d against the Emperor Barbarossa. Afterward the same Emperor Besieg'd it, and thô the Walls at that time were only made of Mud and Straw, from whence it had the additional name of Dipaglia; the Inhabitants being about 15000, defended it so bravely, that he was forc'd to leave it, after he had lay'n before it six Months. Then the Citizens put it under the protection of Alexander the 3d; after that it became subject to the Dukes of Milan, the French and the Spaniards. It suffer'd much in the last Age, thô the Siege that the Prince of Conti, and the Duke of Modéna laid to it, prov'd none of the most successful. It is now strong and well fortified against the surprizes of the French become near Neighbours to it. This Town stands in the middle, betwixt Genoa and Turin, 52 W. of Milan. Blondus. Baudr.
• * Alexandria in Albania, at the foot of the Mountain Caucasus, upon the Shoar of the Caspian Sea, and the chief Emporium of that Country; by the Turks called Temur-Capi, or Iron-Gates; 10 days Journey from Echatana the Royal-seat of Persia, where there is a passage out of Asia into Scy∣thia, through the streights of the Mountains. Baudrand.
• * Alexandria, in Arachosia, now Cabul, or as others say Can∣dahar, a fortified City of India on this side Ganges, the Metropo∣lis of that Region, upon the Confines of Persia, at the foot of the Mountains, a Hundred Miles from the River Indus, to the West under the Great Mogul. Baudrand.
• Alexandria in Poland, a new City in the Upper Volhinia, upon the River Horin, 20 Polish Leagues from Lucco, 8 from Korzee, and 12 from Ostrorog.
• * Alexandrum, a Castle in the half Tribe of Manasseh, on the West of Jordan in Canaan; in which Aristobulus King of the Jews rendred up himself into the hands of Pompey the Great. Afterwards Alexander, the Son of this Aristobulus, endeavoured to fortify it against the Romans; but was forc'd, by a Siege, to yield it up to them, upon which it was demo∣lished. Aristobulus escaping from Rome, endeavour'd to re∣build it, but was prevented by Gabinius. Herod the Great imployed Pheroras his Brother to rebuild it; and in this Castle deposited Mariamne his beautiful and beloved Wife, when he went to Augustus Caesar to Rhodes. Jos. 13. Ant. 22.14. 6, 7.16.11. 1 de Bello, 5, 6, 12, 17.

• Alexas, a Jew, and a great Friend of Herod's, whom he caused to Marry his Sister Salome, thô against her will; but she consented in Obedience to the Commands of the Empress Livia. Herod upon his Death-bed sent for 'em both, and conjur'd 'em, that as soon as he was dead, they should cut the Throats of a great number of Persons of Quality whom he kept Prisoners in the Hippodrome, that all the great Families in the Nation might weep at his death, which they promised to do; but before the News of his Exit was fully divulg'd, they releas'd 'em all, and gave out they did it by his Order. Josephus.
• Alexia, or Alise, a City of France in Burgundy, seated upon the descent of a Hill, near to which the two Rivers Loze and Ozerain fall into the Brenne. It was formerly the Metropolis of the Mandubii, famous for being besieg'd and taken by Caesar, notwithstanding the stout resistance of the Gauls, and the attempts of Vercingetorix, with a prodigious succour to Relieve it. Sanson.
• Alexius I. Comnenus Son of Isaac Emperor of Constantinople, usurp'd the Imperial Crown, after he had shut up Nicephorus Botoniates, the Lawful Heir, in a Cloyster. His Liberality to his Brothers, for assisting him in his unjust usurpation, re∣duced him to those necessities, that he was constrain'd to Tax his Subjects after a most Cruel and Barbarous manner, and his Avarice went so far, that he ransack'd the very Livings of the Church. Robert Guichard, D. of Puglia and Calabria, offended with his Conduct, Marched into Greece with no more than 15000 Men, and having defeated 160000 which Alexius sent to oppose him, put him into such a fright, that he made a League with the Emperor Henry the 4th, to invade his Territories by way of diversion. This Cruelty and Infidelity to the French Croisado's under Godfrey of Bouillon, had like to have ruin'd the designs of the Christians in de∣nying 'em due refreshments and necessaries; for which they fought, and defeated him in a bloody Battel, An. 1097. His Jealousie of the Christians Successes over the Infidels, did much retard the progress of the Holy War. He died aban∣don'd by all the World in the year 1118. having scarcely Friends enough to bury him. Anna Comnena, his Daughter, published the History of his Reign in 14 Books. Baronius, Zonar. Glycas.
• Alexius II. Sirnamed Porphyrogenetes, was the Son of Ma∣nuel Comnenus, and succeeded in the year 1180. under the tu∣ition of Andronicus his Uncle, who affecting the Empire, first Murder'd Xena the Emperor's Mother, and then caused him∣self to be strangled at 15 years of Age, and his Body to be thrown into the Sea, inclos'd in a Chest, and afterward Married his Widow, a Daughter of France, about 1183. Nicetas, Guill. de Tyre.
• Alexius III. assum'd the Sirnames of Comnenus and Porphy∣rogencies, whereas before his name was Angelus: He deprived his Brother Isaac both of his Empire and his Eyes, thô he had released him out of the hands of the Turks, who had for some time kept him in Chains. He was Brutish, Outragi∣ous, and so Covetous, that he cared not what Villanies he committed; which render'd him odious to all Mankind. Thereupon Alexius the Son of Isaac repair'd to the Venetians for aid, who compassionating his misfortunes, Sail'd to Con∣stantinople, and having taken the City in eight days, An. 1203. released Isaac out of Prison, and expell'd Alexius. At length being surpriz'd by Theodorus Lascaris, one of his Sons in Law, whom he had also disoblig'd by his Cruel Treatment, while he was treating with the Turks for his Restoration, he shut him up in a Monestry at Nicca. Nicetas.
• Alexius IV. had the satisfaction to see his Father restor'd to his Throne, and was himself Crown'd Emperor in August 1203. But Isaac dying in January following, Alexius Ducas seiz'd upon the Empire, and strangled him in Prison with his own hands. Nicetas, Gregoras.
• Alexius V. Sirnamed Murtzuphilus, because the hair of his Eye-brows met, and hung very thick over his Eyes, which is generally look'd upon as an evidence of a wicked Man, was of the Illustrious Family of Ducas, after he had strangled Alexius the 4th, he seiz'd upon the Empire; but opposing Prince Henry, Brother to Baldwin Earl of Flanders, in his March against Constantinople, was overthrown, 20 of his chief Captains being killed, and the Great Standard of the Empire, with the famous Image of the Virgin, which the Greek Em∣perors used to carry before them in Battel, was taken: The City being also seized, he fled with his Family by night to Messinopolis, where old Alexis discovering him, he caused him to be seiz'd and his Eyes pull'd out; but old Alexis flying be∣fore the Emperor Baldwin, Murtzuphilus escaped, and wan∣dring about in Disguise, was apprehended, brought to Con∣stantinople, and condemned for Murdering young Alexis with his own hands; upon which he was thrown headlong from a high Tower, and had his Body cut in bits by the promis∣cuous multitude. Maimburg, Nicetas, Logotheta.
• Alexius Comnenus, first Emperor of Trebizund, which Em∣pire continued separate from that of Constantinople, till the Turks became Masters of both. See Trebisund, Mezeray.
• * Alexius Studita, Patriarch of Constantinople, An. 1025. be∣ing corrupted by Gold, Crown'd the Paricide Michael Pa∣phlagonus, and Married him on the Adulteress Zoa the Em∣press; he was too hard for John the Emperor's Brother, who thought to have depriv'd him of the Patriarchate; and when the Bishops who were for John, objected against his Election as not Canonical, he stopt their Mouths by telling them, That if he was not Canonically elected, they themselves could not be so, who were elected by him. Cave. Hist. Literar. Baronius.
• Alexius Michalowitz, Grand Duke, or Czar of Muscovy, succeeded his Father Michael in the year 1645. He took Smolensko from the Polanders, and made himself Master of all Lithuania, which was restored by a Treaty in 1656. only the Muscovites kept Smolensko. Soon after he renewed the Po∣lish War again with ill success, and died in 1676. His Em∣bassy to England is fresh in memory: To this add, That he broke his Treaty with the Poles at first, who worsted his Troops in divers rencounters during the Siege of Smolensko, which he took, but broke the Capitulation. The Cruelty of his Troops was detested by all Europe; They Murder'd the Children, and carried Men and Women into Slavery, per∣haps to people Muscovy, in whose Capital alone 400000 per∣sons are said to have died on the Plague. Thus Moreri. Hoff∣man says nothing of this; but on the contrary commends him for his prudence.
• Alfenus Varus, first a Shoemaker, then went to Rome, where he so well improv'd his time under Sulpitius Severus, that he became a famous Lawyer and Antiquary, and was Consul with Publius Vinicius in the second year of Christ. A. Gellius reports his Opinion concerning the Annual Tribute which the Carthaginians paid the Romans, call'd Purum putum. Horace Libells him in a Satyr.
• * Alford, a Market Town in the East parts of Lincolnshire, it belongs to Calceworth Hundred in Lindsey Division, and is about 5 miles distant from the Sea, and 107 from London.
• * Alfred, or Alphred, an English Writer of the 12th Century, born at or nigh Beverly in Yorkshire. He writ a Chronicle from Brutus to his own death, which happened in 1136.
• * Alfreton, a Market Town of Scarsdale in the East parts of Derbyshire, 100 miles from London.
• * Alfrid, K. of Northumberland about the end of the 7th Age, he was Elder but Base Brother to Egfrid whom he suc∣ceeded. In his Brothers Reign he withdrew into Scotland, from whence he was recall'd to assume the Government; he is said to have been a Learned Divine, and to have govern'd his Kingdom 18 years with much Honour. Bede. Pitscus.
• * Alfred, the youngest Son of Ethelred, sirnam'd The Unready, was cruelly handled by Canute the Danish K. of England, for which see the word Canute.
• * Alfred, K. of England was the 4th Son of Ethelwolf, and suc∣ceeded his Brother Ethelred in 871. Immediately after his Coronation he took the Field against the Danes (whom he had fought in so many Battles in the former Reign) with a small Force, he encountred their numerous Army at Wilton, and foil'd 'em most part of the day, but his eager pursuit made him loose the advantage; This Battle was follow'd by several others the same year with great effusion of Blood, but various success; Winter being come they quartered in Lon∣don, and the year following they rov'd back to the North, where they seiz'd upon the Kingdom of Mercia, forcing Bur∣hed K. thereof to fly into Foreign Parts. In the year 875 they Winter'd by the River Tine, subjecting all those parts, and wasting all on the North-side of the River. The next year a Body of 'em being come to Dorsetshire, they were met by Alfred, with whom they swore a Peace, promising to de∣part the Land with all speed, but in stead of that their Horse stole to Exeter, and there Winter'd. An. 877, they sustain'd a great loss at Sea by a Tempest, above 100 of their Ships being wreck'd, and the rest being over-aw'd by K. Alfred's Galleys, whereby he streightned Exeter of Provisions, which he then besieged. The Danes now humbled with the loss of their Navy, began to Capitulate, and gave as many Hostages as K. Alfred requir'd for the performance of Articles. They bound 'emselves to depart into Mercia, and did accordingly, but soon after, all Oaths forgotten, they came into Wiltshire, where they shew'd 'emselves as insolent as ever, insomuch that Alfred with a small Company was fain to keep for some∣time in Woods and Fenny Places, until having got a good Force together, he surpriz'd and made a great Slaughter of 'em in their Tents. The Danes upon this blow, renew'd their Oaths to depart the Kingdom, and their K. Gothurn amongst others offer'd to become Christian, and was accord∣ingly Baptiz'd; Some write, that he had therefore the King∣dom of the East-Angles bestow'd upon him, to hold it of Al∣fred. In short, the Danes in the year 879 pass'd over from England into France and Flanders with a great Fleet newly ar∣riv'd, to seek their Fortunes in those Parts, wherein they made such progress, that it appear'd the French and Flemish were no more able then the English to keep off the Danish In∣undation. Alfred thus rid of 'em, resolv'd to prevent their Landing for the future by keeping a good Fleet at Sea. With this Navy he took 4 Danish Ships that appear'd on our Coast in 882, but 3 years after another vast Fleet of Danes put to Sea, one half against England, and the other against France, wherein they were disappointed, for Alfred coming with a greater Force upon 'em, drove 'em back to their Ships,

• and sending his Fleet towards the Country of the East-Angles, then inhabited by the Danes, they took 16 Danish Ships at the mouth of the River Stoure, and put all the Soldiers aboard to death; but as they lay careless in their way home, they were overtaken by other Danish Ships, and came off with loss. The next year 886, K. Alfred took care to repair the City of Lon∣don, much ruin'd and depopulated by the Danes, so that the Londoners who had escap'd their fury, soon return'd to their Dwellings; Then he gave it with a Daughter of his in Mar∣riage to Ethelred Duke of Mercia, after whose death it return'd to the Crown. An. 893, after 13 years Peace, two Danish Fleets came upon our Coasts, one of 250, and the other of 80 Sail, both landed their Men, the first in the East of Kent, and the other at the Thames mouth. Alfred upon this took a new Oath of Fidelity of those Danes that dwelt in Northum∣berland, and Hostages of those in Essex. Then was the Battle fought at Farnham in Surry, wherein the Danes were put to flight; mean while those of Northumberland, contrary to their late Oath, came by Sea to the East-Angles, and with 100 Ships sail'd thence to Exeter, and besieg'd it. King Alfred march'd with all speed to its Relief, and frustrated their Design, yet they continued to be troublesom in several parts, tho' generally to their cost. At last they gave some respit to Alfred, and let him Reign 3 years in peace before his death, which happened in the year 900. He was a Comely Prince, of Graceful Behaviour, ready Wit and Memory, a Lover of good Men, and so great an Encourager of Learning, that he suffer'd no Unlearn'd Person to bear Office either at Court, or in any Place of Trust: The Muses, long before banish'd from Oxford, he recall'd, where he founded University Col∣ledge. Whatever he was before he came to the Crown, it's certain, that afterwards no Prince was more Patient in hear∣ing of Causes, more Inquisitive in Examining, more Exact in doing Justice, or more Severe in Punishing both Unrighteous Judges, and Obstinate Offenders. He was also very careful in Providing good Laws, most of which are yet extant. In short, Justice did not only flourish, but even triumph'd in his days, and which is observable, he caus'd certain Chains of Gold to be hung upon a Post in Cross-Ways, daring, as it were, the boldest Robbers or Thieves to take 'em off; No Man was more Frugal of his Time and Revenue, nor Wiser in the disposal of both. His Mother was Osburga, Daughter of Oslac, Cup-Bearer to his Father Ethelwolf, a Goth by Na∣tion, but of Noble Descent. His Wife Egelwitha, whom he had Married at 20 years of Age, before he came to the Crown, was Daughter of Ethelred a Mercian Earl. Wanading in Berkshire was his Birth-place, and Winchester that of his Se∣pulture. Mat. W••stminst. Polid. Virg. Pits••us.
• Alfwold, King of Northumberland succeeded Eardulf, and Reign'd but two years, after which this Kingdom fell to pieces of it self, so many of its Kings being cut off by the People, that the most Ambitious Men had not the Courage to take up the Scepter which many had found so hot, so that many Noblemen and Prelates fled the Country, which by this means lay expos'd to the Invasion of the Danes, who were yet Heathens, taking an advantage of these Distractions, whereas before they only infested the Sea Coast, now they made bold to pierce into the Kingdom, and drove all before 'em, to the utter Ruine of Towns and Churches; of which Calamities the People are said to have been forewarned the Lent before, when on the North-side of St. Peters Church in York, Blood was seen to drop from the Roof, but the Wicked∣ness of those Times was perhaps a more certain Presage of Gods Judgments, when Lewdness and Luxury triumph'd among those Orders that ought to be a Pattern of Holy Life and Conversation, the very Altars being defil'd with Perju∣ries, and the Cloisters with Fornications, the very same Crimes which Gildas alledg'd of old to have ruin'd the Bri∣tains. The Northumbrians being thus invaded, fled to Egbert the Potent King of the W••st-Saxons for Refuge, and threw 'emselves under his Protection, who Ruled here a while by Deputies, and Protected 'em as long as he could from the Danes, under whose Yoak they were at last forc'd to submit, until by the Valour of Ethelstan and Edred the Fortunate Sub∣duers of the Danes in this Island, they were at last recover'd to the Crown about the middle of the 10th Age.
• Algarbia, or Algarve, a small part of Spain added to Por∣tugal by the Marriage of Beatrice Natural Daughter of Aphonsus of Castile, to Alphonsus III. King of Portugal. The Metropolis of which is Tavira. It has Portugal to the North, Andaluzia to the East, and the Ocean to the West and South. It abounds with Wine, Figs, Raisins, Olives, and Almonds. Montanus.
• Algher, Lat. Algherium, a Sea-Port of Sardinia, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Sassari, where there is a Fishery of Pearl.
• Algiers, the Capital City of a Kingdom of the same Name, upon the Shoar of the Mediterranean Sea, by the Africans call'd Gezeir de Beni Mosgana, and by the Arabians Algesir. It is the richest City in Africk, seated upon the side of a Hill which rises insensibly, so that the Houses that are built from the Sea-side to the top of the Mountain stand upon so many Ascents that they look like Stairs, so as not to take the sight of the one from the other; And which affords a most noble prospect, the whole Building represents an Amphitheatre, every House having a Gallery round it, and a fair Terras at top. They are built for the most part of Brick, with se∣veral Palaces after the modern fashion, rear'd by curious Ar∣chitects. Near the principal Mosque is the chief Prison call'd Mahmora, where they keep their Slaves. The Walls of the City are very high, and flank'd with good Bastions. The principal Gates are four, and over-against the North Gate lies the Harbour, and an Island now join'd to the Firm Land by a Mole, which makes it much surer and larger. There are several Fortresses in the parts adjoining to the City, with good Garisons, and Store of Artillery. To the Land∣ward the City is environ'd with Rocks, at the foot of which ly vast Plains fertile in Corn and Pasturage. The number of the Inhabitants is reckoned above One hundred thousand, that is to say Twelve thousand Soldiers, who are almost all Christian Renegadoes, Forty thousand Slaves, and the rest Moors, Turks, and Jews. The Kingdom of Algiers is bounded by that of Tunis to the East, Biledulgerid to the South, and the Sea to the North. It is divided into Five Provinces; wherein under the Empire of the Romans were comprehend∣ed Mauritania, Cesariensis, and Sitifensis, together with Nu∣midia; and that it is at this day a very large Kingdom is not to be question'd, for that we find they have declar'd War against the Potent Monarch of Fez. It is more properly a Republick under the Protection of the Turk, who sends Bassa's thither. It was formerly a Bishops See suffragan to that of Cesarea. The Town is now Infamous for being a Nest of Pirates. The Fort of Burche is a quarter of a League from the Castle, defended by four Bastions mount∣ed with Brass Cannon, and hath a place of Arms capable of 1000 Men. In 1541 Charles the V. attempting the Conquest of this place with 370 Ships and Gallies, 3000 Foot, and 2000 Horse, lost his Fleet by a terrible Tempest. In 1655 the English under Admiral Blake enter'd this Harbour and burnt their Ships. In 1668 Sir Thomas Allen forced them to a Peace, which they broke in 1669. In 1670 Captain Beach forced 7 of their Men of War on Shoar, 2 of which they burnt themselves, and he the other 5, at which time he released 250 Christian Captives. In 1670 Sir Edward Sprague destroyed 9 of their Ships near the Castle of Bugia, which play'd upon him with their Cannon; after this they beg'd a Peace, which they have kept better with the English since. In July 1688 the French Fleet commanded by the Mareschal d'Estree threw 10420 Bombs into the Town, by which two thirds of it were destroyed, as also 5 of their Ships; at which the Algerines being enraged, shot off the French Consul at the mouth of a Cannon. The French in revenge shot 3 Algerine Officers to death, and put their Bodies upon a Hurdle of Planks to be driven ashoar, that their Countrymen might see them; but the year after the French made a Dishonou∣rable Peace with them, to have their Assistance against the English and Dutch. Marmol.
• Algionus, one to whom the Commonwealth of Learning is beholding for his exactness in correcting the Impressions of the Greek and Latin Authors Printed by Aldus Manutius. But he is accused of suppressing one of Cicero's most Excellent Pieces de Gloria, after he had cull'd the chiefest Notions out of it to compose his own Treatise, De Fortiter tolerandâ Exilii Fortuna; He was reckon'd the Learnedst Venetian of the 16th Century. Varillas.
• * Algow, Lat. Algovia, a Country of Germany in Suabia, between the Danube, the River Leck, and the Lake Constance, where stand Ausburgh, Kempten, Municken, Bibrac, and Wangen.
• Ali, Mahomets Son-in-Law, whom he declar'd his Succes∣sor upon his Death-Bed, affirming him to be a Saint of the Race of the Prophets; but being frustrated by Omar and Osman, he retired into Arabia, of which he was Governor, and made a Collection of all Mahomets Doctrines, allowing many things which Omar and Osman disapproved, and by the Gentleness of his Alterations drawing multitudes of Ara∣bians after him, he made himself Calif of the Saracens and Agarenians, and conquered Mahomet Odman's Son, but being oppos'd by Moavia, Odman's General, he was by his procure∣ment murdered whilst at his Devotions in a Mosque; tho' others say he was kill'd by a Jew with whose Wife he was too familiar. An. 659. Marmol.
• Ali, the Son of Joseph, third King of Morocco, of the Line of the Almoravides. In the year 1114 he invaded Spain, be∣sieged Toledo, and ravag'd all the Country round about, but despairing to take the City, he rais'd the Siege, and Winter'd at Corduba. The next year Alphonsus II. having obtained a Croisade of Paschall II. gave him Battel, and slew him in the Field with 30000 of his Moors. Those who escaped fled into Barbary, and made his Son Bahem King. Marmol.
• Ali, Bassa, one of the greatest and most experienced Ca∣ptains in the Ottoman Empire in this Age. He began to bear Arms under Amurath II. and perform'd such noble Ex∣ploits in the Persian War, that the Emperor Married him to one of his Sisters. After that, he acquir'd such Reputation under Ibrahim, and Mahomet IV. that Mahomet Cuprogli the Grand-Vizier grew jealous of his Power, and was resolv'd to take from him the Command of the Transilvanian Army. But Ali's Death prevented him. He died in the year 1663, in the 70th year of his Age. Hist. Grand Visiers.

• Aliatan, a King of the Arabians in Spain, who sent forth a Puissant Navy to ravage the Coasts of Italy, plunder the Islands of Majorca and Minorca, and take Corfu, and Sardinia about 780. But Charlemagn oppos'd him with another Fleet, that sunk eleven of his Gallies. After that Charlemagn join'd his Forces with Alphonsus II. King of Castille, took Lisbonne, where they slew 60000 of the Barbarians. At length Alia∣tan after many defeats by Lewis the Debonnaire, died of a Fever going to attack Barcelona in 819. Marmol.
• Aliattes, or Aly Attes, King of Lydia, vanquish'd the Cim∣merians, by letting loose among them a great number of Ma∣stiffs, which put 'em in disorder. He defeated the Milesians, ravag'd their Country, and put all to Fire and Sword. Af∣ter 5 years War with the Medes, made a Peace with Cyaxares, and gave his Daughter Ariena in Marriage to his Son Astyages. Herodotus.
• Alicant, a City of Spain upon the Mediterranean in the Kingdom of Valencia, with a Harbour famous for the Trade of Wine and other Products of the Country. The Harbour lies at the foot of a Mountain, defended by a very strong Castle: It hath also a Mole which shelters small Bark•• that bring Goods to the Key from the great Vessels which cannot ride so near. This City is not very great, but rich and po∣pulous, nor is there any Question to be made, but that 'tis the Alone of the Ancients.
• Alifa, or Alipha, an Episcopal City in the Terra di Lavoro, under the Archbishop of B••neventum, seated at the foot of the Appennine, upon the Banks of the River Vulturnus. Near this Town Quintus Fabius overthrew the Samnites, took their Camp, and made 'em all pass under the Yoak. Liv. Strabo.
• Alipius, the Companion of St. Austin, Baptiz'd at the same time by St. Ambrose, he procured a great Amity be∣twixt St. Austin and St. Jerom, was sent to the Emperor Ho∣norius against the Pelagians, and chosen one of the Disputants against the Donatists. There was also a Geographer of this Name, suppos'd to be him who govern'd England for the Ro∣mans, and to whom Julian the Apostate concredited the re∣pairing the Temple of Jerusalem. Baronius.
• Al••zee••, a sort of Wind in the Caribbec Islands which carry Vessels from East to West, they are very regular and perio∣dical, and blow at certain times of the year in different parts of the Atlantic, Aethiopic, Indian, and Pacific Seas. An Abridgment of their History and Causes is to be seen in the Universal Bibliotheque.
• Alizubier, one of Mahomet's Generals, very Couragious, but so Humoursom, that he would neither let his Horse be drest nor his Cloaths be clean'd during the War, and then he had the Dust and Dirt taken off to lay in his Tomb. Mar∣mol.
• Alladius, a King of the Latins, by Casiodorus named Are∣mulus, and by others Romulus. His Pride was such, that he equal'd himself to Jupiter, had Engines made on purpose to imitate his Thunder, but was himself at length struck with real Thunder from Heaven, An. Mund. 3197, 855 years be∣fore Christ. Dionysius Halicarnasseus writes, that he was drown'd in Tiber, but certain it is, that his Palace was burnt by Fire from Heaven. Titus Livius.
• Allah, Allah, twice repeated in the Turkish Language, is the Name of God. They pronounce those Words when they wish good success to themselves or others; They repeat this Word from thrice to 8 times in their Prayers; Their great Cry in War is Allah, Allah, Allah. Ricaut's History of the Ottoman Empire.
• Allarius, Leo, Keeper of the Vatican Library, in great Re∣putation among the Papists for his Learning. He was em∣ployed by the Pope in 1621 to transfer the Bibliotheque at Hei∣delberg to Rome. He laboured much for an Union of the Greek and Roman Churches, endeavouring to shew, that they agreed almost in every thing. He was a great Antiquary, and wrote abundance, as De libris Ecclesiasticis Graecorum; De mensura temporum Antiquorum; Orthodoxae Graeciae Scriptores; De Ecclesiae Occident: & Orient: perpetua Consensione, &c.
• Alleluia, an Abby in Aethoopia, so call'd by the first Abbot and Founder, because a Hermit told him, that being in an Extasie he had seen and heard thousands of Angels Singing Alleluiah incessantly. The Custom of Singing Alleluiah ob∣tain'd both among the Greeks and Latins in St. Jerom's time, who says it was usual at the Funerals of Saints, the first word taught by the Christians to their Children, and com∣monly used at Jerusalem instead of ordinary Songs. Bede says, that the Singing of it did on a time so Animate the Saxons going to Battle, that they obtain'd a Victory. Al∣varez. St. Augustin. Bede.
• * Allen, (Sir Henry Fitz) afterwards Earl of Arundel, liv'd in the Reigns of Hen. VIII. and his Two Successors Edward and Mary; his Natural Parts which were the admiration of his Age, he improv'd with Learning, Experience, Integrity, Vigour, and a Graceful Behaviour; his first appearance in the World was to adorn the Court, and the next to serve it with his Estate and Train; he attended K. Henry to the Inter∣view with Francis I. of France, and was created Earl of Arun∣del, and soon after commanded to the War; and being before Bologne, ran up with his Squadron to the very Walls, which open'd a passage to the Besiegers, and forced the Town to Composition. In Peace he was as active as in War, whilst other Noblemen were made K. Edward's Overseers for their Integrity, he was made one of his Assistants for his Abilities; When an Enemy was to be aw'd to a submission, he was Ge∣neral, such his Fame; and when the Country was to be oblig'd to a Loan, he was the Agent, such his Popularity; The first advanced him to the Comptrollership under Hen∣ry VIII. the second to be Chamberlain under Edw. VI. after whose death he stood for the right of Succession, and being a stiff Catholick declar'd for Queen Mary; Yet when he came from the Queen to Cambridge, to Arrest the Duke of Northumberland, he manag'd it so, that he would neither trample upon Misery, nor be trampled on by greatness, being of an equal Temper between Pity and Resolution. In short, as long as his years gave him leave, he was for Action, and when when he grew old, for Councel. See Fitz Allen Earl of Arundel.
• Allera, Aller, and Alre, a River in Germany in the Lower Saxony, which falls into the Weser below Verden, the Walls of which it washes. It rises within the Dukedom of Magde∣burg, and Waters Gisorn and Zell, and receives into it the Rivers Onacra and Leina within the Dukedom of Lunenburg.
• * Allerton, North Allerton, a Market and Burrough Town of Allerton Hundred in the North Riding of Yorkshire, 166 miles from London.
• Allia, a River of the Sabines, now called Caminata, or as others say Riviero di Mosso, which falling from the Mountains of Crustuminum with a deep Channel, intermixes with the Tiber, not far from Rome. By this River it was that the Gauls under the Conduct of Brennus, defeated the Romans, pur∣suing them to the very City, and plundering it. For which reason afterwards the Romans held this River in Abominati∣on, and Virgil stiles it infaustum Nomen. Livius.
• * Allin, (Edward) a Londoner, was Bred a Stage-Player, and proved the Roscius of our Age, so Acting to the Life, that he made any part, especially a Majestick one, to become him. Per fas aut Nefas, He made a shift to rake up a good Estate, and to get a Blessing to it, he built a fair Colledge at Dul∣wich in Kent for the Relief of Poor People, but order'd it so, that the Poor of his own Parish, St. Botolph-Bishopsgate, have a priviledge to be provided for therein before others. Thus he out-acted others in his Life, and out-did himself before his death.
• * Allington, (Giles) the present Lord Allington is the Son of William, who of an Irish Peer was made an English Baron by K. Ch. II. In this Family is now the Right of being Cup-Bearer at the Coronation of our Kings, which was originally in William the Conqueror's time by Grand Serjeanty from the Tenure of Wimondly in the Family of the Fitz Tecas. Thence it came by Marriage to the Argenton's deriv'd from David Argenton who serv'd under William the Conqueror, whose Issue Male failing in Henry the 6th's time, the Right came to the Allington's Family by Marriage of Eliz. Argenton to Sir William Allington, from whom this present Lord Allington is the 7th.
• Allobroges, an ancient People of Gaul, so call'd says Bero∣sus from their K. Allobrox, contemporary with Moses, they in∣habited Savoy, and a small part of Dauphine, the Greek Alps, Lake Leman, with the Rivers Rhone and Isera, and their Chief Cities were Chambery, Geneva, Grenoble, Moustiers, and Vienne. They were famous for their Courage, and assisted Hanibal against the Romans, who in revenge sent Domitius Aeno∣barbus, and Fabius Maximus to ruine their Country, which he did, and vanquish'd them An. 632 of Rome, whereupon he was called Allobrogicus. Their Ambassadors were tempted with Promises of great Advantages to their Nation to take part with Catiline; but preferring Certainties before Uncer∣tainties, after serious Deliberation, they discovered the whole Conspiracy to Fabius Sanga, and received a Publick Reward. Dion. Orosius.
• Allucius, Prince of the Celtiberians in Spain, vanquish'd and taken by Scipio, together with his Affianc'd Lady, a most beautiful Virgin, whom Scipio not only restor'd him again safe and untouch'd, but gave her in part of her Dower the Ransom that had been paid him down for both their Enlarge∣ments. This Beauty was brought to Scipio by the Soldiers, to whom he said, that if he had been a Private Man, they could not have made him a more agreeable Present, but as he was a General, he could not accept of it; And under∣standing that she was Affianc'd unto, and Lov'd the said Prince, he sent for him presently with her Friends, acquaint∣ing them, that he approved the Marriage; after which taking Allucius aside, he told him very obligingly, that he had preser∣ved her on purpose to give him a Present worthy of himself, and all the Recompence he desired, was, that he should be a Friend to the Republick: Whereat the young Prince being transported with Joy, pray'd that the Gods might recom∣pence so Generous an Action. Whereupon Scipio gave him the Money which her Friend praid him, to accept as a Token of their Gratitude, saying, Take this from me as a second Dowry over and above what you have from your Father in Law. Livius.
• Almaberge, Wife of Hermenfroy, King of part of Thuringia, Brother to Baudry and Berthier who had equal Shares with him. This Princess perceiving that her Husband had caused

• ... Baudry to be Assassinated, had a mind he should also rid him∣self of Berthier, that so he might enjoy the whole, and there∣fore ordered the Table to be but half covered at Dinner, of which when he demanded the Reason, she answer'd boldly, That he who had but half a Crown, should have his Table but half served. Hermanfroy being animated by those Words, join'd with Thierry King of Metz, made War upon Berthier, routed and kill'd him, but enjoyed not this unjust Conquest long, for being persidious to Thierry, he caused him to be thrown head∣long from the Walls of Tolbiac, An. 531, and the Cruel Al∣maberge fled to Athalarick King of the Ostrogoths, where she lived a Private Life. Paul. Emilius.
• Al••agra, (Diego) a Spaniard of obscure Birth and Educa∣tion, having no other Name but that of the Town where he was born, and could neither Read nor Write. He join'd with Pizaro who discovered and Conquered Peru, both of them being Brutish Mad Fellows, exercis'd unheard of Cruel∣ties upon the Indians; They at last fell out with one another, and Almagra being taken by Pizaro was put to death, which his Son revenged by working Pizaro's ruine, and occasioning him to be beheaded An. 1546. Thuan. Mariana.
• Almansor, King of Cordoua, usurp'd that Kingdom after the death of Alhaca. He took Barcelona in 985, and besieg'd Leon for a whole year together. He was successful against the Christians, and died in 1002, after he had Reign'd 26 years. Roderick.
• Almansor, (Joseph) King of Morocco, being Invited by the Spanish Moors, he crossed the Sea with 60000 Horse and 100000 Foot, An. 1158, and was presently acknowledg'd by the In∣fidel Princes; But being several times beaten by the Christi∣ans, he usurp'd the Territories of them that call'd him over in revenge. Afterward repassing into Africa, he return'd with a more numerous Force, attended by 13 Kings of the Moors; but at the Siege of Santaren in Portugal, received a Wound by an Arrow of which he died. Marmol.
• Almansor II. (Jacob) Sirnamed Emir el Memounim, or Prince of the Faithful, cross'd over into Spain with 400000 Moors, whom he had assembled by the publication of the Gazie, which is the same among the Moors that the Croisade is among the Papists, and won the famous Battel of Alarcos about 1199. Afterwards returning into Africa, where his Subjects were revolted, he took Morocco, and punish'd the Rebels, contrary to his Word and Agreement. For which being reprehended by a Mara••out, he went wandring about the World in Pe∣nance, and died a Baker at Alexandria. Marmol.
• Almedine, a City of Africa in the Kingdom of Morocco. It was formerly Rich and Populous, but now it lies in Ruines through the Incursions of the Arabians, upon whom it was a Bridle. Marmol.
• * Almance, Lat. Almentia, two Leagues from Nancy, for∣merly the principal Town of Gallia Belgica, in Lorrain, where the General Assemblies of that Country were held. Hoffman.
• Almeria, an Episcopal City of Baetic Spain under the Arch∣bishop of Grenada, from whence it lies 21 Leagues, between Cabo de Gates, and Abdana, to which it succeeded in the Dig∣nity of an an Episcopal See. In the time of the Saracens it was so great, that it had a King of its own named Aben Hut. Alphonsus VIII. King of Castile took it from the Infidels. It is called Almeria from Almericus a Gothish K. who founded it, and was the usual Port at which the Moors arrived in Spain.
• Almeria, call'd also Villa Ricca, a Town of America in New Spain and Province of Flascala, upon the Shoar of the Bay of Mexico. By the Natives it is called Naothalan, and is seated at the mouth of the River of the same name, 70 Spa∣nish Leagues from Mexico to the East. It has a good Haven.
• * Al••••ssia, a very strong Town in the Province of Dal∣matia on the Sea, 16 miles East of Spalatro. Lon. 39. 33. Lat. 36. 50.
• * A••••••o, a Brook in Campagnia di Roma, which falls into the Tiber at Rome. In this Stream Cybele's Victims were wash'd by her Priests.
• Almohades, the Names of the 4th Race of the Kings of Morocco and Fez, the first of 'em being Abdalla Elmohadi a Schoolmaster, who form'd the Design of changing his Ferula into a Scepter; in 1139 he found means to raise an Army under pretence of Reforming Religion, and having con∣quer'd the King of Fez, usurp'd his Throne. His Successors Abdelmumen and Jacques Almansor enlarged their Conquests in Africa and Spain, where Muhamed Enazir being defeated re∣turned into Africa, and dying there left ten Sons, who dis∣agreed about their Shares. The Empire was divided into many particular Kingdoms. Hormus Orb. Imp.
• * Almondbury, Lat. Camulodunum, a Village in the West-Riding of Yorkshire on the River Calder, 7 miles S. E. of Halli∣fax, it was a famous City in the time of the Romans and Saxons.
• Almorabides, a People of Africa who liv'd about the Mountain Atlas, and expell'd the Zenets out of Fez, An. 1052. Their first King was Abul Texif, his Successors enlarged their Conquests, and the second of them called Joseph built the City of Morocco, which he made his Capital. Their Line was extinguish'd by Abdalla Almohadi before-mentioned. Hornius Orb. Imp.
• Almouchiquois, Almouquiquois, certain Savages of America that inhabit towards the River of Chovocovet and the Island of Bacchus in Canada. They differ from the rest of the Sa∣vages of New France. For they Shave their Heads from their Foreheads to the Crown, wearing their Locks long hehind, which they tie in Knots, and adorn with Feathers. They Paint their Faces with Red and Black. Their Weapons are Bows, Arrows, a Club, and a Lance. They sow Maize and Turkey Beans in May, and reap their Harvest in September. They plant Tobacco, and have great plenty of Vines, of which the French make excellent Verjuice. Their Cottages are covered with Bark of Oaks, and surrounded with great pieces of Timber to defend 'em from their Enemies. Nei∣ther do they change their Habitations like the other Savages of those parts. De Laet. Histoire de Noveau Monde.
• Almune••ar, Lat. Almunecaria, a Town of Spain upon the Coast of Grenada, 14 Leagues from Malaga to the East, and 13 from Grenada to the South, formerly called Moenoba.
• * Alne, a River of Northumberland upon which stands Aln∣wick. Its Course is from West to East into the German Sea.
• * Alney, a small Island in the Severn near Gloucester, famous for the Duel fought there for the Crown of England, after many Field Battles, between K. Edmond Ironside and Canute the Dane, in the sight of both Armies, wherein Canute find∣ing himself over-match'd and wounded, immediately pro∣posed an Agreement, with so much Sence and Judgment, that both casting down their Swords embrac'd one another, each overcome with the others kindness, the sight whereof made the two Armies give a general Shout. In short, it was agreed, that the Kingdom should be divided amongst 'em, the South part falling to Edmund's, and the North to Canute's Share, which was done accordingly.
• * Alnwick, a Market Town in the East parts of Northumber∣land, 226 miles N. from London, call'd Alnwick from the River Alne on the South Banks whereof it is seated, about 6 miles from its fall into the German Ocean. It's an indifferent good Town, once defended with a great Castle, but now gone to decay, famous however for the surprising of William K. of Scots near it, accompanied only with 60 Horse in the time of King Henry II.
• Alogians, certain Hereticks that denied the Revelation, and the Gospel, wherein the Son of God is said to be the Word of the Father. Tertullian.
• Alopecie, an Island in the Palus Maeotis, now called the Island of Foxes. Also another of the same Name over-against Smyrna, where Socrates was born. Diogenes.
• Alost, by the Natives Aelst, a City of the Spanish Netherlands upon the River Dender, 5 miles from Brussels, and 15 from Ghent. It is the Capital City of the Imperial Flanders, and formerly had Counts of its own. It suffer'd very much in the last Age: The Spaniards surpriz'd it in 1576, and committed a thousand disorders. In 1582 the D. of Anjou made himself Master of it: After which the English who had it in keeping, sold it to the Prince of Parma. In 1667 the French took it, but now it is again in the hands of the Spaniard unfortified. The Territory of Alost compre∣hends about 170 Villages, the County of Waes, and 4 Cities which are call'd Offices, Hulst, Axile, Bouchout, and Assenede. Peter Silvius.
• Alougny, (Galehaut) a Nobleman of France, so bountiful to the Chapter of Nostre-Dame in Chastelleraut, that in recom∣pence both he and his Successors were allow'd to come into the Quire of the Church with their Hawks upon their Fists, Booted and Spurr'd, and take their Places according to their Degrees, and in that posture to be present at Divine Service and all Processions. Le Chevalier Hermite Souliers hist. de la Noblesse de Touraine.
• Alpes, or the Alps, by the Italians called Alpi, by the Germans Alpen, are a prodigious Ridge of Mountains seperat∣ing Italy from France, Switzerland, Rhaetia, Hungary, and Germany, extending about 3000 furlongs in length from the Ligurian Sea at Genoa to the Adriatic at Friouli, and call'd by several Names according to the variety of their situation. Some go by the name of the Maritine Alps, as lying nearest the Sea, now Les Montagnes de Tende. They begin at the City of Nice, and reach as far as Barcelonetta, extending themselves between Provence and Liguria, and terminating in Mont Viso, where the River Po takes its rise. Cotticae and Cotti, and Mont Cenis, dividing the Dauphinate from Piedmont, through which the River Po takes its Course. Graiae or the Greek Alps, Monte di St. Bernardo Picolo, dividing the Allobroges, that is the Savoyards from the Salassi, or Val d'Osta, by the Germans Augsthal. Otherwise beginning from Montlenis, and extend∣ing to Mont St. Bernardo Majore in the Confines of Walaes. Poeninae or Appenine Mont de St. Bernardo a Maggiore, which di∣vide a part of Piedmont and Insubria from the Savoyards and the Haut Walais. The high Alps M. de S. Gothard, contiguous to the Poenine, seperating the Helvetians from a part of the Dukedom of Milan: The feet of which extend themselves to the Lake Verbanus or Lago Maggiore, out of which the Rhine, Tessino, and the Rhone, derive their Fountains. Zepontiae Monte di St. Bernardine, join to the high Alps where the Rhine breaks forth. Rhaeticae or Juga Rhaetica, by the Germans called Warm∣serloch,

• divide the Grisons largely so taken from the rest of the Insubrians. From whence the Inn taking its course through Noricum in Germany, falls into the Danube, the Athesis running through the Territories of Venice, and the Addua dividing the Venetians from the Milanois. Tridentinae, or those of Trent, Westward Monte Bernina, and Monte di San Nicola, Eastward M. Zelam, out of which the Rivers La Brenta and La Piave, derive their Sources, seperate Tiroll from the Vene∣tians, and extend themselves to the River Natissone. Noricae, lie between the County of Tiroll, the Archbishoprick of Salts∣burg and Carinthia, about Villach call'd Villacher Alben, and by those of Saltsburg call'd Swamberger. Juliae, called also Car∣nicae, now Zuglie or Zeglie, running between Carinthia and Friuli, and terminating upon the Adriatic Sea. In these Mountains the Save takes it rise. There are several passes through these Alps that give an entrance into Italy, of which the chiefest are Col de Tende, Col de L'Argentiere, Mont Viso, Mont Genevre, Mont Cenis, Petit S. Bernard, and Col de la Croix. The Emperor Augustus subdu'd all the People inhabiting the Alps, and parts adjacent, and to eternize his Memory, set up a Trophy near Susa, with this Inscription, Quod ejus Ductu, auspiciisque Gentes Alpinae omnes quae a Mari supero ad Inferum per∣tinebant, sub Imperium P. R. redactae sunt, &c. Some of those Mountains are continually cover'd with Snow, from whence or from the White Rocks Authors think they take their name. Tacitus, Livius, Dion, Sanson.
• Alpheus, now Orfea, by the Inhabitants, and by the Italian Seamen Carbon, a large River of the Morea, rising out of the Mountain Stymphalus, runs through the Countreys of Arcadia and Elis, and being swell'd by the Rivers Eryman∣thus and Celadon, and near 140 of lesser note, which it re∣ceives as it runs along, falls at length into the Gulph of Castel di Tornese, after it has wash'd the Walls of Langanico, not above 80 Furlongs from the mouth of it. The Poets talk of the miraculous course of this River, under or through the Ionian Sea, till it mixes with the Fountain Arethusa in Sicily; but Strabo derides that Poetical Course of the River, not only as ridiculous, but impossible. Strabo.
• ...
  Kings of Aragon.
  • Alphonsus I. King of Aragon and Navarre, about 738. united those two Kingdoms to Leon and Castile: He was fa∣mous for his Victory against the Moors. Mariana.
  • Alphonsus II. Son of Raymond Berenger, Count of Barcelo∣na, forced the Count of Tolouse to quit his Claim to Provence, oppos'd the Saracens with good success, and died at Perpignan in 1196. This Prince was Chast, Wise, Virtuous, and Cou∣ragious; and discharged the Notaries of Catalonia to date from the Reigns of the French Kings, as they were accustom∣ed formerly. Vossius. Nostradam.
  • Alphonsus III. sirnam'd the Benefactor, Son of Peter the 3d, drave the Moors out of Majorca, and Minorca, and died of the Pestilence in 1285. Aged 27. Mariana. Surita. S. Anton.
  • Alphonsus IV. sirnam'd the Debonair, and Son of James the Just, succeeded his Father in 1327, founded the Universi∣ty of Lerida, and died in 1336. Mariana adds, That he obliged the K. of Castile to sue for Peace with him. Mariana. Spond.
  • Alphonsus V. Sirnam'd the Wise and Magnanimous, suc∣ceeded his Father Ferdinand the Just in 1416. In prosecution of his right to the Kingdom of Naples, as being adopted by Joan the Queen, he besieged and reduced the City of that name, with the whole Realm, and died in 1458. Mariana. Mezeray. Blondus. Spond. Surita.
• ...
  Kings of Leon and Castile.
  • Alphonsus I. Son of Peter Duke of Biscay and Navarre Reigned 18 years, and died in 757. He obtained the name of Catholick from the Pope which Julius the 2d restored in the last Age to the Kings of Spain. Alphonsus was successful in his Wars against the Moors. Mariana. Baronius. L. Pudensis.
  • Alphonsus II. Sirnam'd the Chast, succeeded Veremund, in 791. He took Lisbonne and several other places from the Saracens, of whom he slew 70000 in one Battel, and died in 821, or 824 as others will have it. He also obtain'd other Victories against the Infidels by the assistance of Charlemagne; His Sister Ximene having Married Xanche, Count Sardagne, without his permission, he shut her up in a Monastery, and imprison'd him after having put out his Eyes; but bred up their Son Bernard del Carpio: Who as soon as he un∣derstood his Original, prayed his Uncle to set his Parents at Liberty, which because he obtain'd not, he left the Court, and so lost the Crown which was design'd for him. Mariana Roderic. Marmol.
  • Alphonsus III. sirnamed the Great, was a mighty Bene∣factor to the Clergy, a Repairer of Churches, and a stout opposer of Mahomet and Abdala, both Saracen Kings. At length his Son Garcia Revolted, and forced him to resign his Crown, after he had Reign'd 48 years with much Honour. He died in 912. his Son Rebell'd to favour the designs of his Father's Wife, who was not in good intelligence with him Baronius.
  • Alphonsus IV. sirnamed the Monk, because he vow'd a Reli∣gious Life, which he broke, and assum'd the Government in 914. but after a languishing Reign for six or seven years, his Brother Ramir the second, coopt him again into his pro∣per station, that he might have leisure to perform his Vow; and to fit him the better for Contemplation, as some say, put out his Eyes. Ambroise Moral.
  • Alphonsus V. succeeded his Father Veremond, An. 1000. at five years of Age, under the Tutelage of Melenda Gonsalez, Count of Galicia: He Corrected the Laws of the Goths in an Assembly of the States General, held at Oviedo in 1220. He wag'd War against the Moors, and was kill'd with an Arrow at the Siege of Visco in Portugal in 1228. after he had Reigned 29 years. Mariana. Genebrard.
  • Alphonsus VI. sirnam'd the Valiant, was taken out of a Cloister, to succeed Sancho his Brother, slain at the Siege of Zamora, An. 1072. he took Toledo in 1085, and wrested from the Moors, Talavera, Illescas, Madrid, Medina Coeli, and several other considerable places, and died in the 70th year of his Age. Mariana. Roderic of Toledo.
  • Alphonsus VII. Divorced his Wife Urraca for her Incon∣tinency, and then resign'd to her the Kingdom of Castile which he had in her right: He acquir'd the Name of War∣rior, as having been present in 29 Pitch'd Battels; in the last of which, after he had taken from the Moors, Cordova, Sa∣ragossa, and divers other places, he perish'd, An. 1134. or 1137. after he had Reign'd about 30 years. He call'd him∣self Emperor of Spain. Mariana, Genebrard. Marmol.
  • Alphonsus VIII. Son of Raimund Count of Burgundy, and Urraca his Wife, was seated upon the Throne of Leon and Ca∣stile, An. 1122. and Crown'd Emperor by the Abp. of Toledo in 1135. The vast Army of 60000 Horse, and 100000 Foot, which Joseph the 2d brought into Spain, forced him to seek aid of the Pope and the King of France, at first he prov'd successful; but hastning to the Siege of Almeria, besieged by the Moors, fell sick at Bacca, and crossing the Mountains of Sierra Morena, vanquished by the violence of his distemper, he expired, leaning against a Tree in 1157, after he had Reign'd 35 years. He also overcame the K. of Navarre and Arragon; but granted them Peace on disadvantageous terms. Mariana. Marmol.
  • Alphonsus VIII, or IX. sirnamed the Noble and Good, was declared King after the death of Sancho the Desired, his Fa∣ther, in 1158. at four years of Age; of which his Neigh∣bours taking advantage, despoiled him of good part of his Dominions, which he recovered when he came to Age. After that, turning his Arms against the Moors, he obtain'd a Croisade, and reduced 'em to that extremity, that Alman∣sor Emir was forced to come from Africa to their relief, with 100000 Horse, and 400000 Foot; upon which, Alphonsus failing of the succour which he expected from other Chri∣stian Princes, came off with loss, but was quickly revenged by the death of 20000 of the Infidels. Mahomet Emir break∣ing the League, and bringing along with him 120000 Horse, and 300000 Foot, Alphonsus gave him Battel, and overthrew him, with the slaughter of 150000 Foot, and 30000 Horse at Muradat. He died in 1214. in the 59th year of his Age. His Queen was Elionor Daughter to Henry 2d of England. Mariana. Tarquet. Marmol. &c.
  • Alphonsus IX. of whom nothing is considerable; he Reign'd in Peace, and died in 1230. Mariana. Roderic.
  • Alphonsus X. sirnamed the Wise and the Astrologer, suc∣ceeded his Father Ferdinand III. in 1252. He made the Astro∣nomical Tables, still extant, which are called, from his name, Tabulae Alphonsinae; and 'tis certainly affirm'd, That he spent 400000 Crowns in the Composition of them. He refused the Imperial Crown of Germany, which was offer'd him af∣ter the rejection of Richard D. of Cornwall, contenting him∣self only with the Title of Emperor, which some say he re∣signed to Pope Gregory the 10th, whereof he repented, and would have reassumed the Imperial Title and Arms; but deterred for fear of an Excommunication against him. He was successful against the Moors; but at length dethron'd by his own Son Sancho, and died for grief in An. 1284. In a great sickness, after many Remedies used in vain, he began to read Q. Curtius's History of Alexander the Great, which he did with so much delight, that he recovered his health; whereupon he said, Farewell Avicen, Hippocrates, and the whole crowd of Doctors; give me Curtius that hath saved my Life. He had read the Bible 14 times, with several Com∣mentaries upon it; he was a great Astrologer, and after he had deeply considered the Fabrick of the World, the follow∣ing saying of his, reported by Lipsius, denotes him to have been none of the most pious, viz. That if God had advised with him in the Creation, he could have given him good counsel. Mariana, Turquet. Roderic. Geneb. Spond. Bzovius.
  • Alphonsus XI. was saluted King in his Cradle upon the death of Ferdinand the 4th, who died suddainly, An. 1312. He overthrew the Moors, with the slaughter of 200000 in one Battel, on the 30th of Octob. 1340. so that the Fields were covered with dead Bodies for three Miles round; and

• ...
  • the number of Prisoners of Quality, and the Booty was so great, that the price of Gold fell a sixth part. He died of the Plague at the Siege of Gibraltar. The Moors invaded him with 270 Ships, 70000 Horse, and 400000 Foot. The Cause of their coming with such a multitude was, that the King of Fez had vowed revenge on him for the death of his Son Abdulmalic slain in Battel. Mariana. Villani, &c.
• ...
  Kings of Naples.
  • Alphonsus I. See Alphonsus V. K. of Arragon.
  • Alphonsus II. K. of Naples, An. 1494. hated for his Cru∣elty by his Subjects, who therefore called in Charles the VIII. K. of France, upon whose taking of Naples, Alphonsus resign'd his Crown to his Son Ferdinand, and retired into a Monastry in Sicily, where he died soon after. Philip Comines. P. Jov. Guichardin.
• ...
  Kings of Portugal.
  • Alphonsus I. sirnamed Henriquez, the Son of Henry of Bur∣gundy, of the House of France, de••eated five Kings, or Ge∣nerals of the Moors at Ourique in 1139. and the same year was Crown'd K. of Portugal. After that Battel he instituted the Order of Avis, and took for his Arms the same number of Crown-pieces, or Bezants, as he had vanquish'd Kings of the Moors, which are the Arms of Portugal to this day. He died in the year 1185. He was forced to keep his Mother in Pri∣son because she would needs Marry with Count Tristemare, to whom he gave his Sister, which occasioned a cruel War be∣twixt him and Alphonsus 7th King of Castile, in which he came off with advantage. Mariana, Surita. Guichenon. Catel.
  • Alphonsus II. sirnam'd the Fat, succeeded his Brother Sancho the 1st. He maintain'd a bloody War with the K. of Leon, which was at length compos'd by the great Care of Innocent the 3d. He took Alcacer de Sal from the Moors, ren∣dred himself considerable for his Bravery, and died in 1233. Vasconcellos.
  • Alphonsus III. succeeded his Brother Sancho the 2d. Alex. the 4th, and Gregory the 10th Interdicted his Kingdom; but he laught at their vain Thunder, and carried on his Wars with Success, he died in 1279. Mariana adds, That he di∣vorced his Wife, Daughter to Count Dammartin, and Mar∣ried Beatrix, Natural Daughter to Alphonsus 10. called the W••se. Mariana. Nugnes. Surita.
  • Alphonsus IV. sirnam'd the brave, waged War with the Moors and Castillians; and afterwards assisted the latter to win the famous Battel of Tariffa, on the 30th of Octob. 1340. He died in 1357. in the 65th year of his Age, and 32d of his Reign. Duard. Mariana.
  • Alphonsus V. sirnamed the African, because he took Tan∣g••er, Arzile, Alcacer, and Sequer from the Moors. He was de∣feated at the Battel of Toro, by Ferdinand the 5th King of Arragon, and then made Peace with him. In his time his Subjects discovered the Country of Guinea, he died in 1481. in the 49th year of his Reign. He Coin'd Pieces of that Gold called Croisats, because of the Croisade granted him by Pope Nicholas 5. He Married his Niece for 2d Wife, by dispen∣sation of Pope Sixtus 4. But alledging himself to be surpriz'd in the matter, put her afterward in a Monastery. Mariana, Turquet.
  • Alphonsus Henry, King of Portugal, succeeded his Father John the 4th, in 1656. and prov'd very successful against the Spaniards in 1659. 1663. and 1664. However for his ill qualities, and incapacity, he was at length dethron'd, and caried away into the Island of Tercera, and his Brother Don Pedro was declared Regent of the Kingdom; afterward he return'd to Portugal, but never appear'd, and died in 1683. He Married a Daughter of Savoy in 1666. and the Marriage being declar'd Null in 1668. his Brother Married her a year after.
• ...
  • Alphonso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Modena, &c. suffer'd very much under the Pontificats of Julius II. and Leo X. who were his implacable Enemies, but sav'd his Countries by the favour and protection of Charles the 5th, upon Con∣dition that he should hold Modena and Reggio as a Vassal of the Empire; he died in 1534. He Married Lucretia a Daugh∣ter of Pope Alexander 6. to save himself; but Julius 2. was his great Enemy. After his death Alphonsus seized Reggio and Rubiera during the Vacancy. In the Pontificate of Cle∣ment the 7th, he made an Alliance with the Emperor Charles the 5th, on condition that he should protect him against the Pope, he persuaded the Duke d' Bourbon to go to Rome, and while the Pope was besieged in the Castle of St. Angelo, he took Modena, and so recover'd his Estate, and was confirm'd by a Treaty of Peace in 1526. He Married for a 2d Wife one of his Mistresses, by whom he had Alphonsus Father of Caesar, since Duke of Modena. Thuan. P. Jovius, &c.
  • Alphonsus II. Duke of Ferrara, Modena, &c. succeeded his Father, in 1559. signaliz'd himself in the Emperor's Service against Solyman the Turk in Hungary, and died in 1597. He commanded part of the Emperor's Forces, and lent him others. Du Chesne. Jo. Bapt. Pigna. Spond. Thu∣an. &c.
  • Alphonsus III. Duke of Modena and Reggio, succeeded his Father Caesar in 1628. and after the death of his Wife Isa∣bella of Savoy, took upon him the habit of a Capuchin, and died in 1644.
  • Alphonsus IV. Duke of Modena and Reggio, succeeded Francis the 1st in 1658. and was several times General of the French Armies in Italy, and died in 1662. He Married Car∣dinal Mazarine's Sister, by whom he had Francis 2d, now Duke.
• * Alphonsus Spina, a Spaniard, who of a Jew became a Franciscan Monk, Rector of the University of Salamanca, and Inquisitor, he lived about 1459. and is famous for his Book, Intituled, Fortalitium fidei contra Judaeos, Saracenos, alios{que} Christianae fidei inimicos; the scope of which is, a Hi∣story of the Religion of the Church of Rome at that time, and by what Arguments those mentioned in the Title did impugne it, he proves the Catholick Faith to be elder than the Jewish Law, and the fulfilling of all the old Testament Prophecies concerning Jesus Christ; but mixes abundance of trifles with the usual Arguments, having made 22 Sermons concerning the wonderful properties of the name Jesus. In his 2d Book he gives an account of what he calls Heresy, with the Arguments, and some feeble Answers. He acknowledges that Confession was not received into the Church in Ambro∣se's time; and pleads furiously for the extirpation of Here∣ticks, whom he reckons the worst of Criminals. In the 3d he exhibits the Arguments of the Jews against Christianity, and particularly those against Image-worship and Transub∣stantiation, which are indeed very cogent, and the same, thô not all which Protestants use; to which Alphonsus gives but very weak solutions. The rest of the Book is concern∣ing the Hatred of the Jews to the Christians; their Infatua∣tions, the destruction of Jerusalem, and other Calamities since. In his 4th Book he gives an account of, and refutes Mahumetanism, adding a History of the Mahumetan Wars to his own time. The 5th is concerning the essence of Devils, their hatred against Christianity, their Order, Difference, Government, Witchcraft, Power, Habitation, and Tor∣ments. Cave Hist. Lit.
• * Alphonsus Tostatus, a Spaniard, who flourished about 1434. an Universal Scholar, a person of great Piety, and of so great a Memory, that he never forgot any thing he Read; and of so great Industry, that in 22 years time, he wrote more than another Man can attentively read in an Age; be∣sides the numerous Volumes extant, whereof he was Author, more than 400 were Shipwrack'd as going to be Printed in Italy: But amongst those great qualities, he is accused by some, as not having treated of the Sacred Trinity with Ve∣neration; nor of the Fathers with Reverence enough. The Papists own that he impugned the Papal Authority, and that not obscurely. Cave. Hist Liter.
• * Alphonsus Zamora, a Spaniard, but of Jewish Parentage, very Learned in the Hebrew; he became Christian, was Bap∣tiz'd Anno. 1506. and imploy'd by Cardinal Ximenes in that Noble Edition of the Complutensian Bible. He wrote also a Hebrew Grammar, Vocabulary and Lexicon, and a Treatise, about the Points. Cave Hist. Literaria.
• Alpini Prosper, a famous Venetian Physician, who died in 1644. he was a Botanist and Professor of Physick at Padua and Author of the Books de Medicinâ Methodicâ, de Medicina Aegyp∣torum, de Plantis Aegypti, de praesagienda Aegrotantium vita, de Balsamo, &c. Vander Linden.
• * Alpinus K. of Scotland succeeded Dongallus the Son of Solvathius in the 9th Century; he was Son to K. Achaius who died in the year 809. his Reign was chiefly memorable for his fatal War with the Picts, whose Government Frederethus had seiz'd upon and arrogated to himself. Alpinus resolv'd to remove this Usurper, met him with his Forces at Restenot a Village of Angus, where the fight was maintain'd on both sides with great obstinacy, till the Pictish K. happened to be slain, whereby the Scots got the Victory; but Brudus one of high descent, and Noble Atchievements, being elected K. by the Picts, turn'd the Scale, and by a Stratagem defeated, and took K. Alpinus, An. 834. and put him, with many of his Nobles, cruelly to death: His head was fastned to a Pole, and carried about the Army, and at last set up for a Spectacle in Aberne∣thy, their chief Town, which was afterwards severely re∣veng'd by the Scots, who call'd the place where he was slain Bas Alpin. Buchan.
• Alpuxarae, Alpujares, or the Mountains of the Sun, Moun∣tains of Spain in the Kingdom of Grenada, between Grenada and Almeria. They were formerly Inhabited by the Moors, but now lye desart, as they have done ever since the expulsion of the Infidels.
• * Alresford, a Market Town of Sutton Hundred, about the middle of Hampshire 39 miles from London.
• * Alric, a Saxon K. of Kent succeeded Alaric the last of the Line of Hengist, and usurp'd the Regal Power. After two years Reign, contending with Kenulph K. of Mercia, he was by him taken Prisoner, and soon after set free, but not re∣ceiv'd by his own Subjects.
• * Alrick, born and bred in Cumberland, lived most part of his Life in the 11th Age, and died the beginning of the next, viz. An. 1107. he led a Hermits Life in a Forest near

• ... Carlisle; and when he died says S. Goderick, another Hermit that was present at his death, his Scull ascended to Heaven in the Spherical form of a burning-wind.
• Alsaria, Elsatz a Province of Germany, having the Rhine on the East, Lorrain on the West, the Palatinate on the North, and Sungaw on the South, with some part of the Franche Comtè and Switzerland; one of the most fertile and best Wa∣ter'd parts of all Germany, and remarkable for Numbers of Cities, of which the chief are Strasburg, Colmar, Haguenaw, Savern, Schelstad, Landaw, Benefeldt, Weissenberg, Melsheim, &c. lately a wealthy and lovely spot of Ground, nine German Leagues in length, and three in breadth, only that the Plain is somewhat ••r••ader about Haguenaw, where the Mountains retire at a further distance from the Rhine. It is reputed to have been the Seat of the Ancient Tribocchi, who retained their name till the time of Charlemaigne. The Romans were Masters of it near 500 years; then it was under the King of the Francs till Otho the 1st. By Otho the 2d it was erected in∣to a Landtgraviat, and the House of Austria enjoy'd it till the usurpations of the French in the late Wars made it a Wil∣derness by their unheard of devastations: So that the Emperor was forc'd to resign it to the French Crown by the Treaty of Munster. The Spaniard resigning his Right also by the Trea∣ty of the Pyrenees. It is one of the fruitfullest Countries in G••rmany. Cluvier. Bern. Hertzog. * Dr. Burnett, who Tra∣velled that Country, says, It is ill peopled because a Frontier, and the Seat of War. It is in many places overgrown with Wood, and has abundance of Iron-works which bring Mo∣ney into the Country; the Woods being upon the Bank of the Rhine, do secure the Country against the Rapidity of that River.
• Alsen, Lat. Alsena, an Island in the Baltic Sea belonging to the King of Denmark, East of the Dukedom of Sleswick, from which it is separated by a narrow Fryth; in this Island stands the magnificent Castle of Sunderburg, and the Fortress of Nordeburgh belonging to the Dukes of Holsatia; it is well stored with People and Cattel, has 13 Parishes, and 4 Towns, and can raise some Thousands of Men in a Trice. Heylin.
• * Alsford, a Market Town in Hantshire.
• * Alesfeldt, a Town of great Antiquity in Hesse the In∣habitants of which were the first who embraced Luther's Re∣formation.
• Alstedius, a great German Writer in this last Age, as ap∣pears by his Works, of which his Encyclopaedia alone makes four Volumes; He died in 1646. or thereabouts: He wrote the Consiliarius Academicus, seu Methodus formandorum Studiorum, Philosophia restituta, Panacea Philosophica, El••menta Mathematica, Thesaurus Chronologiae Encyclopaedia. Zeiller. Vossius, &c.
• * Alsion-Moor, a Market-Town in Cumberland, 209 miles from London. There are abundance of Leadmines in the Neighbourhood.
• Aira, Alten and Aenbotten, a River and Road for Ships in Norway, in the Province of Finmarch toward the North Promontory in the Praefecture of Wardhous••. This River gives denomination to that part of the Ocean into which it falls.
• Altadas, or Althadas, by Julius Africanus nam'd Sethos the 11th King of the Assyrians, who is reported to have prefer'd Ease and Tranquility of Life before all things, being of Opi∣nion, that it was a foolish thing for a Prince to toyl himself for the enlarging his Dominions, as tending rather to mis∣chief and servitude, than to the safety and benefit of Man∣kind. Euseb. Torniel. &c.
• Altai, and Althai, by others called Belgian, certain Moun∣tains of Asia, in the Northern Tartary, near the City of Ca∣racoran, in the Kingdom of Montgall; upon which are to be seen the Sepulchres of several Kings of the Tartars.
• * Altramont, a very fair Town of the Kingdom of Naples, and hither Calabria, subject to the K. of Spain; 23 Miles W. of Rossano, and 15 N. W. of Bisignano. Lon. 38. 25. Lat. 39. 40.
• * Alta Villa, by some Altamura, a small Town, dignified with the Title of a Principality, in the Kingdom of Naples, and Province of Bari, called Terra di Bari, upon the River Savuto; but thinly inhabited.
• Altdorf, Lat. Altdorfium, the Capital City of the Canton of Uri in Switzerland, near the foot of the Alps, on the River Russ, environ'd with Gardens and Country-houses. The Houses in the City are generally Painted with Pictures repre∣senting the Victories won by the Inhabitants of Altdorf; which renders them extreamly delightful. It has no Walls, nor does it fear any Enemy, there being no way to come at it, but through such narrow and difficult Passes of the Mountain, where 20 Men may keep out an Army. This Canton is Popish.
• Altemberg, a City of Transilvania, seated upon a Hill, six German miles from Alba Julia, and as many from Al∣bruchbania, built out of the Ruines of Zalnatra.
• Altemburg, a City of Germany in Misnia, upon the River Pleis, dignified with the Title of a Dukedom, invested in the House of Saxony. It is 24 miles S. of Lipsick.
• Altenburg, in the Hungarian Language Owar, a fortified Town of the Lower Hungary near the Danube, six Leagues from Raab, under the Emperor.
• * Altenius, a Mountain of Caria, that breeds great num∣bers of Scorpions, harmless to Strangers, but destructive to the Inhabitants of the Country. Alexand. ab Alexand.
• Alth, a River which separates Transilvania from Walachia, and falls into the Danube.
• Althea, the Wife of Aeneus King of Calydon, to whom she bare Meleager, with several other Sons, who hearing that all her other Sons, except Meleager, were slain in a certain Sedi∣tion, in a passion threw the brand into the fire, upon which the Destiny of that Prince depended: But after his death, repenting of what she had done, she went and hang'd her self. Ovid writes that she stab'd her self with a Sword.
• Althemenes, the Son of Catreus King of Crete, who under∣standing by the Oracle that he should kill his Father, re∣tir'd to Rhodes, where he built the Temple of Atamyrius upon a Mountain of the same name; whither his Father coming in search of him, he slew him accidentally, not knowing who he was. Diodor. Sicul.
• Altinum, Altino, once a flourishing City of Italy, upon the Coast of Venice, destroy'd by the Hunns, afterward a Bps See, which is now Transplanted to Torcello. However the Ruines of Altino are still to be seen upon the River Sile.
• * Alton, a Market Town of Alton Hundred in the North-East of Hampshire, 39 Miles from London.
• Altorf, a little City of Germany in Franconia, with a Ca∣stle and an University, seated upon the River Schwartzac, and depends upon the Imperial City of Norimberg; in 1552 it was burnt with its Inhabitants by Albert Marquis of Brandenburg. The Magistrates of Norimberg founded the University here in 1579. and obtain'd several Priviledges to encourage it from the Emperor Rodulphus the 2d, in 1581.
• * Altringham, a Market Town of Bucklow Hundred, in the North parts of Cheshire, 137 miles from London, their Market is on Tuesdays.
• Alvarez, a Portuguese Priest, and Confessor to Emanuel King of Portugal, who sent him his Ambassador to David K. of Ethiopia, where he so ordered his Affairs, that the Abbissins sent Am∣bassadors to Clement the 8th, with their submissions to the See of Rome; his Relation of Aethiopia, written in the Por∣tuguese Language, was afterwards Translated into Latin and French. Bodin.
• Alvarez Caprall (Peter) discover'd Brezil, where he set up a Marble Pillar with the Arms of Portugal. He made War upon the King of Malabar. He wrote a Relation of his Voyage which is Translated into Latin by John Ramussio. Maff ce. Osorio. Barros.
• Alvarez, (Emanuel) Jesuite born at Madera, was a Learn'd Grammarian, whom Scioppius and others commend highly, he was Rector of Conimbria, Lisbon and Evora, where he died Decemb. 30. 1582. Ribadeneira. Alegamb.
• * Alvernus, Monte d'Alverno, a Mountain of Tuscany not far from Florence, where the Roman Catholicks will have it, that Christ appeared to St. Francis, and imprinted upon his Body the Scars of his Wounds.
• Alyartes, King of the Lydians, the Father of Croesus, ex∣pell'd the Cimmerians out of Asia, waged War with the Medes, and died after he had maintain'd a War with the Milesians for several years: He made use of Fifes and string'd Instru∣ments in his Wars. His Tomb was erected at Sardis, at the expence of the Lydian Virgins, who rais'd the Money for that purpose by prostituting their Bodies. Herodotus. Eusebius.
• Alzira, a little City in the Kingdom of Valencia in Spain, pleasantly seated between two Arms of the River Ilcar, which a little below it, throws it self into the Sea. The City is neatly built, and passes for a wealthy Town: It has a fair Suburb, with two Bridges over the same River, and stands about 5 or 6 miles from Valencia, the Capital City of that Kingdom.

• Am, a City of Armenia, wherein were 100000 Houses, and 1000 Churches, taken by the Tartars in 1219. after a Siege of 12 days. Vincent. S. Antonin.
• Amacaxi, a People in America in the middle of Brezile, towards the prefecture of St. Sebastien del Rio Janeira.
• Amacusa, an Island, Province, and City of Japan, in that part which is called Ximo, 12 Spanish Leagues from Armia, and 16 from Mangasach, formerly full of Christian Inhabi∣tants.
• Amadabat, Amadabatum, a City of the Kingdom of Gu∣zurat, in the Empire of the Great Mogul, 18 Leagues from Cambay, near the River Indus, and 82 Leagues N. E. of Surat in the Road to Agria. The City is very large and well Peo∣pled; and the Buildings, as well publick as private, very magnificent. There is always a great Garison lies in this place, by reason of the Badures an adjoyning People, who not acknowledging the Great Mogul, make dayly incursions into the Country. Here are made a world of Silk and Cot∣ton Stuffs, Satins and Velvets of all sorts of Colours; Cloth of Gold and Silver, and Carpets with Ground-work of Gold. The other Commodities of this City are Sugar-candy, Lacker, Ginger, Indico, &c. The Mosque that belongs to it is very Magnificent, adorn'd with Mosaic work, and inlay'd with Agats of divers Colours found in the Mountains. This City

• keeps in pay, for the Service of the Mogul, 12000 Horse, and 50 Elephants under a Governor, who takes upon him the Title of Raja or Prince. In the Neighbourhood of this City are abundance of Apes, whom the Idolatrous Inhabi∣tants have in great esteem, and have built Hospital for them. Tavernier's Voyage to the Indies.
• Amadan, one of the fairest and most considerable Cities of Persia, between Monsal and Ispahan, from which it is nine days journey: It is seared at the foot of a Mountain, whence flow an infinite number of Springs that water the Country. The Soyl is fertile, and furnishes the Neighbouring Provin∣ces with Wheat and Rice; which is the Reason that the King of Persia values it at as high a rate as Bagdat, which affords him less profit, and yet costs him more. Tavernier's Voyage to Persia.
• * Amadia, a great City of Curdistan in Asia, two days E. of Gezira, seated on a high Mountain, which is two hours march to the top; in the middle of the City is a large Pi∣azza full of Merchants Shops: It is under the Command of a Bey who can raise 10000 Horse, and more Foot than any other of his Station. The City drives a good Trade for Galls and Tobacco, with Assyria and Turky.
• Amager, Amagria, or Amac, an Island of Denmark upon the Baltic Sea, over against the City of Copenhaghen, from whence there is a passage to it over a Bridge. The Inhabi∣tants call this Island the Nurse of Copenhaghen, by reason of its fertility.
• Amaguana, an Island of South America, and one of the Lucayes, near Hispaniola.
• Amalarit, King of the Visigoths in Spain and Lower Lan∣guedoc an Arian, defeated and pursued to death by Childebert King of France, Amalanck his Brother-in-Law, in revenge of his ill usage of Clotilda his Sister, whom he persecuted for her Religion. Isidore, Gregoire de Tour.
• Amalasont••a, Daughter of Theodoric King of the Ostrogoths, a Princess of an admirable wit; not only Mistress of the Greek and Latin, but so well skill'd in all the dialects of the Barbarians, that she never wanted an Interpreter to answer the Deputies of any Nation within the compass of the R••man Empire. After the death of Athalric her Husband, she Married Theodat her Kinsman, in hopes to have his assist∣ance in the Government, who most ungratefully put her to death. Justinian the Emperor, who had a great esteem for her, ordered B••lisarius to Revenge it, which he per∣form'd to the extirpation of the Goths in Italy. Procopius. Cassiodorus.
• Amaleck, the Son of Eliphaz (the Son of Esau) by Timna his Concubine, from whom the Amalakites descended; they were implacable Enemies to the Israelites, and by them ut∣terly extirpated in the Reign of Saul, G••n. 36. Josh. 14.
• Amalfi, or Amalphis, an Archiepiscopal City and Dutchy of Naples, being but small and ill built: It is scituated on the Bay of Salerno; here they pretend to have the Body of St. Andrew, and that Flavio Giosa found out the Compass, An. 1300. It is 24 Miles E. of Naples. See Malphi.
• Amalric I. King of Jerusalem in 1163. succeeded his Bro∣ther Baldwin 3d, and expel'd Siracon twice out of Egypt: But after he had taken Pelusium, and might have taken Grand Cairo with the same ease, had he not been afraid his Army should have enriched themselves with the spoil of that Town (as they had done with the Plunder of Pelusium) he gave Siracon the opportunity to re-establish himself, after he had Gull'd him with a promise of two Millions of Gold, till Moradni came up to his succour, and then was Amalrick forced to return home with shame and dishonour, having lost his pains, and the Tribute which the Egyptians paid him, through his Covetousness. He withstood Saladin with much bravery, and died in the year 1174. in the 38 year of his Age. Guil. Tyre.
• Amalric II. bought the Kingdom of Cyprus of Richard K. of England, being at the same time K. of Jerusalem, which he lost in 1187. and died in 1194. Sanut. Vilardhouin.
• Amalric, of Chartres, publish'd in the year 1204. That if Adam had not sinn'd, Men had multiplied without Gene∣ration; That there was no other pleasure but the satis∣faction of well-doing; nor any Hell but Ignorance and Darkness of Sin; and that the Law of the Holy-Ghost had put an end to the Laws of Christ and the Sacraments, as the accomplishment of the New-Testament had put an end to the Ceremonies of Moses. He maintain'd that Adultery, if committed in Charity, was not ill; and abundance of other gross Things, which he was made to abjure by Innocent III. The Bp. of Paris having discover'd a great number of his disciples, they were condemned at a Councel held there, An. 1209. where they were delivered to the Secular power, who Hang'd all the Men, but Pardon'd the Women, and caus'd Almaric's Corps, which had been buried some years, to be digged up again. Sponde.
• Amalthea, the Daughter of Melissus King of Crete, and Nurse of Jupiter, who fed him with Goats Milk and Honey. Others affirm it was a Goat that was called by the name of Amalthea; which Jupiter, when grown up, translated into the Sky, with her two Kidds, and gave one of her Horns to the Daughters of Melissus for their assiduity, with this property, that whatever they desired they should be largely furnish'd withall out of that Horn. Diod. Sicul.
• Amalthea, Demophile, or Hierophile, the name of the Cu∣mean Sybil, who offer'd Tarquin the Proud Nine Books, wherein were contain'd the Roman Destinies, and the Means to avoid 'em, and demanded 300 Pieces in Gold for the whole. But Tarquin thinking it too much, derided her; upon which she threw 3 Books into the Fire, and requir'd the same for the remainder. Which being also denied her, she burnt 3 more, still demanding the same Price. Whereupon Tarquin consulting the Pontiff, he was advis'd to pay the Money. These Books were afterwards in such Esteem at Rome, that two Magistrates were created who had nothing else to do but to look after and consult 'em upon all occasions when they were under any pressure. Lactan. Liv. Flor.
• Amata Sixminus, Professor of the Hebrew in the University of Francker in Frizeland, published a Book under the Title of Anti-Barbarus Byblicus, to shew the Errors of the Translation of the Vulgar Latin Bible, and inveighs against the Council of Trent for authorizing it. F. Simon.
• Amana, a Mountain of Cilicia, by some called Amanus, thought to be that mention'd by Solomon in the Canticles, where he says, look from the top of Amana, and the Mountains of Panthers, and the rather, because Amana is a Mountain full of Wild Beasts: but then they who make this Conjecture, will have Amana to be a Part of Libanus, as well as a Moun∣tain of Cilicia by it self; In which latter are White Wolves with Gold-colour'd Lips, very beautiful and strong. Hoff∣man.
• Amana, one of the Luccay Islands in Northern America sub∣ject to the English.
• * Amance, a Town in the Dutchy of Lorrain, 7 miles N. of Nancy, and 28 S of Metz. Lon. 25. 48. Lat. 48. 47.
• Amantia, by some called Adamantia, a Town upon the Tuscan Sea, under the Jurisdiction of the Prince of Bisignano. It has a strong Castle well fortified upon the River Oliva, 35 miles from Tropea, and 12 from Martorano.
• Amapaia, a Province of new Andaluzia, in the Southern America, near the River Orenoque.
• Amara: See Ethiopia.
• * Amaranthus, Amaranthe, a considerable Town of Portu∣gal, seated upon a Hill, among Woods. It lies between Lamego and Brataro, near the River Tamaga, 24 miles from Bigansa Westward, and 3 from the River Ducro. Baud.
• Amarat, (Andrew) Great Chancellor and Standard-bearer to the Knights of Rhodes, a Portuguese Nobleman, infamous in History for facilitating the taking of that Island by Soliman, out of Envy to the Glory of Philip de l'Isle Adam the Grand Master. But one of his Domesticks being discover'd shoot∣ing Arrows with Notes ty'd to 'em into the Turkish Camp, he was too late Convicted, Degraded, and his Head cut off; his Servant being also Hang'd. Bosio Hist. Malt.
• Amasa, the Son of Ithra an Israelite, and Joabs near Kins∣man, whom Absalom made his General when he revolted from his Father. Afterward David incens'd against Joab, for kil∣ling Absalom, and to gain the good Will of the Jews still wavering under Amasa, sent Zadock and Abiathar the Priests to court him, and promise him the chief Command of all his Forces in Joab's Room; Nor was he worse then his Word, for he made him General, and sent him against Sheba the Son of Bichri, who had caused new Commotions in the Kingdom; which Joab not enduring, treacherously slew him. 1 Kings 19.3. Josephus.
• Amasia, a famous Archiepiscopal City of Capadocia in Pontus upon the River Iris, now the Metropolis of the King∣dom, and Residence of a Bassa. The Turks at this day call it Amnasan. It is noted for the Martyrdom of St. Theodorus, and for being the Residence of the Grand Seigniors eldest Son from their Circumcision to the Sultans death. * It now gives the Title of Archbishop to Seignior D'Adda the late Nuncio in England in King James II's. time, from Pope Inno∣cent XI. who promoted him to a Cardinalate 13 Feb. 1689. Long. 65. 52. Lat. 44. 25.
• Amasis I. of that name, who is also call'd Ammosis, and Amos Pharao, reign'd in Egypt according to the Calculation of Eusebius from the year of the World 2312 to 2337.
• Amasis II. of a Common Centinel was made King of E∣gypt by the Revolted Soldiers, An. Mundi 3448. Being settled in his Throne by the death of Apries, the Legitimate Sove∣reign, he was forc'd to struggle with the Egyptians, who de∣spised the meanness of his Birth. However he vanquish'd their Aversion by his Mildness, and an Ingenious Piece of Policy in Moulding a Golden Tub, wherein he was wont to wash his Feet, into an Idol. After that he bent his Mind to reform and beautifie his Kingdom; he built the Temple of Isis, gave several Priviledges to the Greeks, and made a Law, that all Persons should annually give the Magistrate an ac∣count how he liv'd, and by what sort of calling he subsisted, upon pain of death. Which Law Solon learn'd from the Egyptians, and recommended to the Athenians. Being tax'd by his Friends, because that after he had been from morning till Noon busily employed in the Affairs of the Government, he spent the rest of the day in Plays, Merriment, and dressing and trimming his Body, he made answer, They who make use

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• of Bows, when they have occasion for 'em, bend 'em; when they have none, unbend 'em again. There is a most eloquent E∣pistle of his to Polycrates, upon this Subject, That prosperous Fortune was not always to be expected, but temper'd with Labour and Trouble. Herodotus.
• Amathus, Amathuntis, an ancient City of Cyprus, which bore the name of Amathusa, and was consecrated to Venus, who had a famous Temple there, but being offended with the cruel Custom of the Inhabitants in offering Strangers, she turn'd them into Bulls, to the end that they might be the Sacrifices themselves. Many Geographers will have it still standing under the modern name of Limisso, but others affirm that Limisso stands above 7 miles from the Ruines of Amathus. Hoffman. Ovid. Pliny.
• Amauri: See Amalrick.
• Amaria, an ancient City of Troas memorable for the Altar that Agamemnon consecrated to Twelve Gods. Also a City of Cilicia in a Country abounding with Timber for Shipping, which Marc Anthony gave to Cleopatra. Pliny. Strabo.
• Amazia the Son of Joash, succeeded his Father in the King∣dom of Judaea, defeated the Amalekites, Idumaeans, and Gaba∣litans, and after this success revolted from God to worship the Idols of his Enemies that could not save their Adorers. For which being reproved by the Prophet, he seem'd to justifie it as an Act of Policy. Afterwards he would needs be quar∣relling with the King of Israel, who would fain have made him sensible of his vanity, but finding him resolv'd, he met, defeated, took, and carried him in Triumph to Je∣rusal••m, to behold the dismantling of his chief City, and to see the Temple plunder'd. Joseph.
• Amazons, certain Warlike Women of Sarmatia on the River Thermodon. They suffer'd no Men to live among 'em, so that if they brought forth any Male-Children by the Con∣versation which they had with the Men of Neighbouring Countreys once a year, they either kill'd or maim'd 'em as soon as born: But the Females they bred up to the use of Arms. On the left side their Bosom was uncover'd, and they burnt one of their Dugs that it might not hinder them in bending their Bow, but the other they kept to suckle their Girls. They are said to have extended their Empire as far as Ephesus in Asia; but coming into Europe, they were defeated by the Athenians under Th••seus, and driven back again; but the Story of Thalestris and Alexander the Great is look'd upon as a mere Fable. And indeed the whole Story of the Ama∣zons seems to be derived from some particular Nation of Asia∣the Less, where it was the Custom of the Women to go along with the Men to the Wars. Sanson.
• Amazonum Flavius, Rio d las Amazonas, a famous River of the South America, by others called Orelhana, as being discover'd by Juan Orelhan a Spaniard in 1541. This River has its Source in the Mountains adjoining to the City of Quito, in Peru. Some while after it receives the Rivers Coca, Napo, &c. and runs into the Province of Canella, thence into the Country of the Paccamores, where it mixes with the Rivers of Xauxa, and thence traversing the Provinces of Surina, Ma∣tajan, Apante, Coropa, Tapalan, &c. at length after it has swell'd it self with the Rivers of Arumaia, Catua, and Caiana, and a Course of about 800 Miles, throws it self into the North Sea, between Brasilia and Gaiana. There is an excel∣lent Description of this River compos'd by Peter Texeira, a Portuguese who survey'd it all over in 10 months. He assures us, that at the mouth of the said River there are a very great number of Islands, as is observ'd in the Geographical Maps of Sanson and Du Val. Orelhan observes, that after he had sail'd some days up the River, he met with a great number of Men and Women Arm'd alike, where the Women seem'd to have the Command and Conduct of the Men. To the De∣scription of this River add, that from the Source to its Mouth are 1800 Leagues. The Provinces contain'd in this vast Tract of Ground called by some the Empire of the Great Amazone are very well Inhabited, and Villages so fre∣quent, that the sound of those at work in one Village is heard at another. The Air is temperate tho' near the Line, and the Country very fruitful. The Rivers and Valleys are mighty pleasant, the Trees abound with Fruit, and the Rivers with Fish. The Tortoise and Sea-calf are very common there. And the Flies which are so noisom in other places of America, are not so here. The principal Riches of the Country are Coco-Trees, Ebony, Brasil, Cedar, and Party∣colour'd Wood. Tobacco and Sugar Canes are wondrous plenty here. Cotton and Scarlet Die, Odoriferous Rosin, Gum, and Medicinal Herbs abound also in this Country. The People are more reasonable, and less cruel then other Americans. Most go naked, but some have Garments of Cotton. They are not so black as those of Brasil, they are affable, and naturally pleasant and faithful. Their Arms are Bows and Arrows and a Javelin, which they throw with an incredible force. They are Idolaters, and make Images of Wood, which they set up in the Corners of their Houses, having no Temples. They know not the use of Iron nor Steel, but cut out those Images with Hatchets of Stone or very hard Wood. Their Priests made 'em believe that those Divinities came down from Heaven to dwell among 'em. De laet Histoire de Nouveau Monde. Relation of the River of the Amazons.
• Amberkelethus, the 58th King of Scots, about An. 700▪ at first he dissembled Temperance, but afterwards turn'd a Profligate, and so sluggish, that tho' invaded by the Picts, he could not be got to take Arms. He was slain in the 2d year of his Reign, some say by an Arrow while easing himself, and others by the Picts whom he pursued into a Wood. Buchan.
• Ambarvalia, certain Festivals, or rather Hallowings of the Ground and Harvest, us'd by the Romans before they went to Reaping. At what time they carried a Sow with Pig three times round the Field, and all the while one of the Company with an Oaken Garland upon his Head sung the Praises of Ceres, which done they pour'd Wine and Milk upon the Al∣tar, then Sacrific'd the Sow. They were call'd the Arval Bre∣thren, who presided over this Ceremony. Virgil.
• Amberg, Amberga, a City of Germany, and Capital of the Upper Palatinate, is seated upon the River Wills, between Ra∣tisbon and Norimberg. The Inhabitants Trade in Iron and other Mettals, which they dig out of the Neighbouring Mountains. Lewis II. Duke of Bavaria and Elector Palatine, in the year 1266 purchas'd this City of Conrade Duke of Swabia; afterwards it became subject to the Palatine Princes, and the Emperor Robert who was of that Family endowed it with many Priviledges. It now belongs to the Duke of Ba∣varia; it's 32 miles East of Nuremburg, and 28 North of Ratisbonne. Bertius. Cluverius.
• Ambiam, Lat. Ambianum, a Town and Kingdom of Ethio∣pia near the Lake Zafflan. It lies betwixt the Kingdoms of Bagmid and Quara.
• Ambiancativa, a Town & Kingdom of Ethiopia in Abyssinia, lying on the Nile, betwixt Nubia & the Kingdom of Bagamedri.
• * Ambiatinum, a Town of Germany near to Coblentz, where the Emperor Caligula was born.
• Ambibarri, a People of the Ancient Gauls mentioned by Caesar. It is supposed to be the same with the Diocese of Au∣ranches in Normandy, and the Town of Ambie is still thought to retain their Name; it is within 6 Leagues of Mount St. Michel.
• Ambigatus, a King of the Celtae, in the time of Tarquin the Ancient, who finding his People too numerous for his Dominions, sent his two Nephews Bellovesus and Segovesus with a vast number of the Senon••s, to seek new Habitations, the one into Italy, and the other beyond the Hircynian Forrest. Livy. Dupleix.
• Ambiorix, King of the Ebur••nes, which is now the Country of Liege, a profess'd Enemy of the Romans, defeated a whole Legion commanded by two of Caesar's Lieutenants. After∣wards thinking to have had the same success against a Legion under the Command of Q. Cicero Brother to Tully, was over∣thrown by Caesar, together with 60000 of his Gauls. Caes. Comment.
• * Ambleside, Lat. Amboglanna, a Market Town of Kendal Ward in the West parts of W••stmorland. It's 206 miles from London.
• Amboise, Lat. Ambacia, a City of Tourraine upon the Loir, with a Royal Castle which Charles VIII. caused to be built, to Honour the place of his Birth: And here it was that Lewis XI. instituted the Order of St. Michael in the year 1469. The City is very ancient, and remarkable for an Island now enclos'd within the City, where Clovis and Alaric came to an Interview. Moreri gives an account of a Con∣spiracy in 1560, carried on by the Protestants against Fran∣cis II. Q. Catherine de Medicis his Mother, and the Princes of Guise, the Prince of Conde being the Chief of the Conspiracy. Which being discover'd, he owns that they made a cruel Butchery of all those concerned, and amongst others of Ca∣stelnau Lord of Chaloss••s, who at his death denied that he was guilty of Treason, having no design against the King or his Family, but only the Princes of Guise, who being Strangers usurp'd the Publick Administration of the Government con∣trary to the Laws, and before that could be made Treason, they must be made Kings. And adds, that they found a Paper about him with the Order of the Conspiracy against the Princes of Guise, but with a Protestation that the Kings Name was sacred to them.
• Amboise, an ancient and Illustrious Family of France, which has produced several great Personages. Amongst the rest Emeric d'Amboise Grand Master of Rhodes, Successor to Peter d'Aubusson, who defeated the Soldan of Egypt by Sea near the Port of Lajazzo in Caramania. George d'Amboise Cardinal, chief Minister under Lewis XII. and General of his Army in the reducing of Milan that revolted from him, which he re-conquer'd in 1500; he died about the year 1510. The first of this Family mentioned in History was Anno 1100 Charles II. was Grand Master of the Order of St. Michael, as also Mareschal and Admiral of France. Aimery was Great Master of Rhodes, as was also Emeric d'Amboise who defeated the Egyptian Fleet of 25 Men of War, which he caused to be represented in Pieces of Tapistry, and order'd that on the Eve of the Nativity of St. John, the Grand Master and Bayliffs should have a Collation under the Tent which covered the Deck of the Ship wherein the Sultan's Nephew was kill'd. Some others of lesser Note are omitted. Verdier. Vauprivas. Bibl. Franc.
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• Ambouse, a most Fertil Valley in the Island of Madagascar towards the Eastern part, and to the North of the Province of Carcanossi. It yields great store of Oyl of Sejanum, Mines of Iron and Steel, and abounds in excellent Pasturage, which makes the Beef in that Island very fat and pleasing to the taste. Adjoining to this Town is a hot Well, good against cold Distempers of the Limbs; and this Well is about four fathom from a small River, of which the Gravel is so hot that there is no treading upon it, though the Water be very cold. The Natives are govern'd by a Voadziri or Black Prince: It contains about 3000 Men, but very wicked, the place being the Asylum of all Vagabonds. Flacourt Hist. Madagascar.
• Amboyna, an Island in the Indian Sea, 24 Leagues in Circuit, and one of the Great Molucca's. The chief City of it bears the same name, with a strong Castle call'd Victoria. Towards the Western part of this City is a Bay which is six Leagues over, where Ships ride secure from all Winds. This Island was first discover'd in the year 1515 by the Portuguese under the Command of Antonio Abro; but in the year 1603 Stephen Verhagen, the Admiral of the Hollanders, took the Castle, and expell'd the Portuguese. In the year 1620 the Spaniards re-enter'd the Island, but after that the Hol∣landers got possession of it again, in whose hands it still re∣mains, and is one of the best Plantations they have in those Indies, which they have now secur'd with 3 strong Forts, of which one is furnish'd with 60 Cannon and a Garison of 600 Men. The Barbarous Cruelties committed here by the Dutch upon the English in 1618 make this place memorable. The Natives were formerly Cannibals, and worship'd the Devil under the Name of Nito, or Wicked Spirits, being of Opi∣nion that no ill can befall them without his Order, and there∣fore they worship him to make him favourable. They al∣ledge, that he appears to them oftentimes in Human Shape, and delivers his Oracles. To make him speak they assemble about 20 or 30, and call upon him by a little Drum, pro∣nouncing some Charms, which they believe efficacious. They embraced Mahometism, but their Circumcision differs from the Turks. They are a stupid distrustful People, and apply themselves most to Fishing. Mandesto's Voyage to the Indies.
• Amb••acia, a City of Epirus, where Pyrrhus kept his Court, now call'd Larta; Augustus gave it the name of Nicopolis after his Naval Victory over Marc Anthony, and Alexander the Great restor'd it to its former Liberty, after he had drawn off the Garison which the Macedonians kept in it. The Bay of Am∣bracia called Golpho di Larta or Colpho di Prevesa, and is look'd upon as one of the goodliest Bays in all those Seas. Strabo. Pliny. Aul. Gellius.
• * Ambresbury, Lat. Ambrosi•• Vicus, a Town in Wiltshire 5 miles W. of Salisbury, and 2 N. of Stonhenge, upon the River A••on. It derives its name from Ambros••us the first K. of the Britains after the Romans forsook them, History giving an Ac∣count that he was slain and buried here. Cambd. In 977 a Council was Celebrated here which made 56 Canons.
• Ambro, Amber, a River of Germany, in Bavaria, which falls into the Is r a little above Landschute, having taken its rise two Leagues from Fussen, in the Confines of Tirol.
• Ambrones, a People about Ambrun, in Swiss, Provence, &c. who with other Confederates gain'd some advantages over the Romans about 647, but in 652 of Rome, Marius defeated them, so that 200000 of 'em fell in the Field. There is yet the re∣mainders of a Pyramid to be seen as a Monument of that Victory. Florus, Cluvier.
• Ambrosius, otherwise call'd Ambrosius Aurelianus, a K. of Britain after the withdrawing of the Romans. He succeeded to Vortig••rn about the year 480, and was the last of the Ro∣man Stock here, but some think he came from Britany in France, and was Son to Constantin a former British K. his Pa∣rents according to Gildas and Bede had lost their Lives in the Wars against the Picts. Vortigern having usurp'd the Crown, his Jealousie of Ambrose made him call in the Saxons to his assistance, both against the right of Ambrose and the Picts. Ambrose being in possession of his Right, prov'd a good King, and the Saxons did not much prevail in his time, especially after a Signal Victory which he obtain'd against 'em, that oblidg'd 'em to a Peace.
• Ambrosius, St. Ambrose, into whose Mouth it's said a Swarm of Bees were seen to go in and out as he lay in his Cradle, was born at Treves or Arles, where his Father was Governor of Gaul. He was sent Governor to Milan, at which time Anicius Probus told him he must rather Govern as a Prelate then a Judge. After he was chosen Bishop he is said to have celebrated the Sacrament every day, and preached each Sa∣bath to the People; he was universally concern'd for the wel∣fare of Christians; and for the sweetness of his Expressions he was called Doctor Mellifluus. He was elected Archbishop of Milan before he received the Gift of Baptism; He stoutly oppos'd Justina the Empress, who favour'd the Arians; as also Valentinian who favour'd Symmachus in his request for set∣ting up the Statue of Victory; and sold the Consecrated Plate, to redeem the Christians, and relieve the Poor under the Ty∣ranny of Maximus, upon whom he attended twice in Gallia, at the Emperors request, to perswade him to lay down his Arms. And because Theodosius had been too severe in punish∣ing a Sedition of the Inhabitants of Thessalonica with a gene∣ral Massacre, he denied him entrance into his Church, and constrain'd him to do Penance, which the Emperor was so far from taking ill, that upon his Death-Bed he recommended his Children to his Care. St. Ambrose died in 397, aged 64. Paulin. Baron. E••seb. St. Jerom. S. Basil. Theodoret. Sigebert. Bel∣larmin.
• Ambrose, a Town in Piedmont on the Doire near Susa, not far from the famous Abby of St. Michael de l'Ecluse, one of the Chief of the Order of St. Bennet, on which many others both in Italy and France depend. It is called de l'Ecluse be∣cause the King of the Lombards built a strong Rampart there to guard the Avenues against Strangers; it being at the entry of Piedmont.
• Ambrosius, Deacon of Alexandria, converted from the Er∣ror of Marcion and Valentine by Origen, he liv'd in the 3d Age, and died before Origen. He was a Person of Quality, Rich, Eloquent, and Witty, he put Origen upon writing Commentaries on the Scriptures, and maintain'd 14 Men to assist him in Writing. He made a Generous Confession of his Faith before Maximinus the Emperor, and became a Mar∣tyr. Euseb.
• Ambrune: See Embrune.
• Amedeus, the name of several Princes of Savoy, Amedeus I. Amedeus II. Amedeus III. of whom nothing considerable.
• Amedeus IV. was created Vicar General of the Empire by Frederic II.
• Amedeus V. Sirnamed the Great, who is said to have made Two and thirty Sieges. A Prince of that Prudence, that when Henry VII. sent his Son Charles Prince of Bohemia into Italy, he advis'd him to follow no bodies Councel but that of Amedeus. He made considerable additions to the Dutchy of Savoy, and died at Avignon, whither he went to persuade Pope John II. to undertake a Croisade against the Infidels in favour of Andronicus Emperor of the East, who Married his Daughter. Guichenon Hist. de Savoye.
• Amedeus VI. called the Green Count, because at a Tour∣nament he appear'd all in Green Armour, with his Horse all in the same Colour. He assisted John of France against Edward of England, fought the Prince of Achaia, and instituted the Order of the Annunciade. Anno 1336 he went to assist, and delivered the Emperor of Greece. In the year 1383, going to assist Lewis of Anjou in the Conquest of Naples, he died of the Pestilence after he had Reign'd 40 years. And by his good Quality made himself Arbiter of all the Grand Affairs of his time. Guichenon.
• Amedeus VII. Sirnam'd the Red, enlarged his own Domi∣nions, with the Conquest of Nice, assisted Charles VI. of France, and died by a fall from his Horse in pursuit of a Wild Boar.
• Amedeus VIII. the first that erected Savoy into a Dukedom in the year 1416, and then leaving his Territories to his Children, he retired to the Priory of Ripaille, where he found∣ed the Order of St. Maurice. He was after this elected Anti-Pope to Eugenius IV. by the name of Felix V. But at the request of Charles VII. of France, resign'd the Pontificate to Nicholas V. in 1449. However Pope Nicholas sent him a Car∣dinals Cap, made him Dean of the Sacred College, and Le∣gat of Germany. He was a Generous Prince, great Justiciary, and esteem'd the Solomon of his Age, great Princes having made him Arbiter of their Differences. A••neas Sylvius, Guichenon.
• Amedeus IX. more commended to the World for his Piety, then for any thing remarkable in his Government. He re∣ferred all to the Management of his Princess Yoland of France, whereat his Nobles being jealous, put in for a share of the Government, seized Montmelian, and the Duke, who being assisted by Lewis XI. of France, over came them, and died in 1503. Guichenon.
• Amel, a Kingdom of Africa upon the Atlantic Sea, within the mouth of Niger in the Region of Nigritia.
• Ameland, an Island of the German Sea upon the Coast of West-Friesland, 6 Leagues from Leewarden, part sandy, part very fertile; under the Jurisdiction of the Hollanders. Here is a great Fishing of Sea Dogs.
• Amelesagoras, one of the most ancient Greek Historians, who liv'd in the 87th Olympiad, 430 years before the Birth of Christ. Clement of Alexandria taxes Gorgias L••ontin, and Eudemus of Naxus, of pillaging from this Author. Vossius.
• Amelia, an Episcopal City of Italy in the Kingdom of Spo∣leto, which depends immediately on the Holy See; by the Latin Authors call'd Ameria. It is seated on a Hill between the Rivers Tiber and Nera, and is said by Ptolomy to have been built 964, before the War with Perseus, and consequently to be more ancient then Rome it self. Leander Alberti.
• Amenophis I. King of Egypt, suppos'd to be the same that gave order to the Midwives for killing the Hebrew Children. He succeeded Chebron in the year of the World 2360, and Reign'd 20 years. Josephus Contra Appion.
• Amenophis II. or Memnon, subdu'd Greece, Syria, Phoenicia, and part of Scythia, and carried his Army into Thrace, by some called Vexores, by others Sesostris. He is supposed to be the first that brought the Israelites under Slavery, and to have had a Statue so made, that it sounded when the Rays of the Sun shew'd first in a morning. Tornel. Salian.

• Amenophis III. supposed to be that Pheron mentioned by Herodotus. See Pheron. Josephus.
• Amenophis IV. hated by his Subjects for his cruelty, and dethron'd by Actisanes, King of Ethiopia. Josephus.
• Amerbachius (John) of Bale, a Learned Printer well known by the Editions of his Books, by which he did great Service to Civil and Religious Learning. Melchior Adam. He died An. 1562.
• America, or the West-Indies, one of the four parts of the Habitable World, first discovered by Christopher Columbus, a Genoese in 1492. And from Americ Vespuccio a Florentine, who made some additional Discoveries in 1497, first call'd Ame∣r••ca. It is compos'd of two spacious Peninsula's, which are clos'd together at Panama or Nombre di Dios, by an Isthmus not above 17 miles broad. The Southern Peninsula is about 1000 Leagues in length, lying out towards the Streights of Megallan: The other extends it self much farther. It is en∣compassed on every side by the Sea, and as some suppose sepe∣rated from all other Continents. It's thought by some that at the Streights of Anian it is but 100 Leagues seperated from Tartary. On the East lie the North and Aethiopic Seas, on the West lies the South or Pacific Sea, towards China and Japan; to the South, the Streights of Magellan and Maire's Frith; but the Northern Bounds are not yet known; tho' some will have the Frozen Sea to be the bounds of it on that side towards Greenland. This vast Continent is divided into the Northern and Southern America. The Northern, which is also called America Mexicana from Mexico, is bounded by the Pacific Sea, and L'Estrecho d'Anian to the West and South, to the East by the Bay of Mexico and the North Sea, and to the North by those Arctic Frozen Regions yet unknown; containing Canada or New-France, Estotiland, Florida, New-England, New-Nederlan••t, New-Denmark, New-Spain, or the Kingdom of Mexico, comprehending Jucatan, Nicaragua, Nova-Galicia, Mecoachan, Guatimala, and Honduras, New-Granada, Virginia, the Isle of California, Cuba, Hispaniola, and innumerable others call'd the Antilles.
• The Southern America, which is also call'd Peruvian America, has to the North the North Sea, to the East the Aethiopic Ocean, to the South the Magellanic Sea, and the Streights of Magellan and Maire, and to the West the Pacific Sea. The Regions of Southern America are Brasil, Chili, Guaiana, Terra Magelianica, New-Andalusia, New-Granada, Paraguay, Parana, Paria, Popajan, the Kingdom of Perou, the Terra Firma, Tierra Del Fuego, Tucuman, Venezuela. The Spaniards have within their Dominions, which are the largest part of America, 5 Arch-Bishopricks, and about 34 Bishopricks. The English, Portuguese, and Dutch, have also Plantions there. The Air of America differs as the Countries are at a distance from the Line, but is generally temperate even under the Torrid Zone. The different quality of the Air occasions particular Di∣stempers. The Soil of America is generally very fertile, even in the colder Climates, and in some places so abundantly rich, that it yields a hundred for one. They have also se∣veral Trees, Plants, and Animals, which are not naturally the products of any other parts of the World. They make Bread of their Maiz which we call Indian Wheat, and squeeze a Liquor out of it besides, which they call Chica, Acua, and Sora, but the latter is too entoxicating. Their Man∣gouai, so Vincent le Blank calls it, has something more then ordinary in it, for it furnishes the Natives with Water, Wine, Oyl, Vinegar, Honey, Syrrup, Thread, Needles, and several other Things; which is the reason they highly prize it in New-Spain, where the Indians have always some of 'em growing about their Habitations. Their Trees yield Bal∣som, Cotton, Dragons Blood, Rosin, Liquid Amber, and Ginger. Not to speak any thing of their Gold and Silver, which enriches all other parts of the World. They who desire more of America may read John de Laet, Antonio Herrera, and several others. The Gold is found here in three sorts; in little pieces without any mixture; in Dust, and that ge∣nerally in Rivers; and in Stone in the Mines. Silver is more abundant, especially in New-Spain and Peru, where there is also abundance of Quick-Silver and Pearl. The Spaniards have drawn vast Sums from thence from the Mines of Potosi. And it's said it was no extraordinary thing to see Temples cover'd with Silver, and Houses with Plates of Gold. The Indians brag, that they have still abundance of Treasures hid, and the Spaniards say, that they raise 12 Millions thence yearly, besides what pays their Officers. The Mountains called the Andes are reckon'd the greatest of the World. Canada, Plata, and the River of the Amazones, are their greatest Rivers. The People were generally Sa∣vage, Cowardly, and Wicked, many of them Cannibals, the Civilest of 'em were those of Incai. The Patagons are from 10 to 11 foot high, and extraordinary Drinkers. Their Clothing is Skins, and their Arms Bows and Arrows. For their Religion some of 'em worship the Sun, and others had no Religion, as those of Brasil. Some of 'em sacrificed Men, pulling out their Hearts alive. And some have ob∣serv'd, that there are among 'em who lead a Harmless Life, and have good Impressions of a Deity. The first Discoverers found the Natives Idolaters, Savage, and Ignorant, yet with a mixture of Civility among some, more then others. Rosse says of them, that some, especially in Canada, wor∣shipped the Devil, who when angry flings Dust in their Eyes; that they Dance round Fires to him, and Sing his Praises; that they bemoan the Dead, and bring Presents to the Grave; that they believe the Souls ascend into the Stars, and go down with them under the Horison to Paradises of Pleasure. They believe also that God stuck a multitude of Arrows at the beginning into the Ground, whence came Men and Wo∣men. They say, that God having once drunk much To∣bacco, gave the Pipe to their Governor, with a Command, that he should keep it carefully, and he should want nothing, but losing the same he fell into Want and Misery. The Je∣suits in 1637 and 1638 brought over many of them to the Church of Rome. Moreri has a Dissertation, whether Ame∣rica was known to the Ancients, and alledges Plato, Origen, Porphyrius, &c. for the affirmative; he introduces the Egyptian Priests, giving an account of an Island called Atlantides, be∣yond the Columns of Hercules, greater then Asia and Africa, which was drown'd by an Earthquake and a Rain that endur∣ed a night and a day. He alledges also, that the Carthagi∣nians knew it, but endeavoured to conceal it from the Euro∣peans, and made no benefit of it themselves because of their unskilfulness in Navigation.
• * Americus Vespuccius, a Florentine under the Auspices of Emanuel King of Portugal, was the first who after Columbus discovered America, and wrote the History of his Four years Voyages, which he dedicated to Renatus of Anjou King of Sicily. Voss. Hist. Lat.
• * Amersford, a City of Belgium in the Province of Utrecht upon the River Ema, well fortified. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1624, but afterwards bravely recover'd by the Hollanders, in whose hands it still remains. Hoffman.
• * Amesbury, a Market Town of Amesbury Hundred in the South East parts of Wiltshire, about 6 miles North of Salisbury, and 65 from London. It's Market is on Friday.
• * Amestratus, a Town in Sicily belonging to the Carthagi∣nians, which cost the Romans a terrible Siege of 7 months in vain; but sitting down before it another time, they carried it, levell'd it with the Earth, and sold all the Inhabitants for Slaves. Diodorus.
• Amestris, the Wife of Xerxes King of Persia, who jealous of the King for being in Love with Artaynta her Sons Wife, took her opportunity, when Xerxes made his Royal Feast call'd Tycta, which signifies perfect or accomplish'd, to beg her Enemy of the King, and when she had her in her power, cut off her Breasts, her Ears, her Tongue, her Nose, and her Lips, and threw 'em to the Dogs; She is also said to have buried alive several of the Persian Nobility in performance of a Vow she made to the Gods for her long Life. Herodotus.
• * Ambara, now the most Noble Kingdom of all Aethiopia, in the Center of Habissinia, having to the North the King∣dom of Bagemder, to the West the River Nile, and beyond that the Kingdom of Gojam, upon the East Angota, and con∣tains 56 large Provinces.
• * Amfanus Bishop of Alexandria, said to be St. Marks Disci∣ple, and to have pull'd out one of his own Eyes because of his Wanton Glances upon some Women. Sabell. in Exempl.
• Amida, an Idol of the Japannois, being a Statue with the Body of a Man, and the Head of a Dog, mounted upon a Horse with 7 Heads. He is also represented as a young Man with a Crown of Gold on his Head environ'd with Rays. Ambassad. des Holland.
• Amida, an ancient City of M••sopotamia, seated upon a high Hill by the River Tiger, taken in the year 359 by Sapor the 2d King of Persia, notwithstanding the stout resistance of the Romans, who valiantly defended it against his Army consisting of 100000 Men. Ammianus Marcellinus was then in the Town, and had much ado to escape. Afterwards Constantine enlarged and beautified it, and call'd it Constantia. Now it is in the possession of the Turks who call it Caramit. Davity.
• Amiens, in Latin Ambianum or Samarobriva Ambianorum, is a delightful City of France, the Capital of Picardy, and a Bishops See, with large Streets, fair Houses, and several Piazza's, of which that of Des Fleurs, and the great Market-place are the chief. The Ramparts make a pleasing Walk, by reason of the Rows of Trees which are planted upon 'em. The River of Somme runs thorough it with 3 Branches under 3 Bridges, and after it has bestow'd its Waters in di∣verse places for the use of several Manufactures, reunites again at the other end of the Town, where stands St. Mi∣chaels Bridge. But the fairest Ornament of Amicus is the Cathedral Church of Nostre-Dame, one of the most beautiful, largest, and best adorn'd in the Kingdom. Caesar made this Town a Magazine for his Army, and the place of meeting for the Gauls. In 905 it was totally consum'd by Fire, but soon repair'd. In the year 1597 the Spaniards took it by a Strata∣gem, but Henry the 4th most gloriously recover'd it, and built a Citadel to defend it, which is look'd upon as one of the best and most regular Fortresses in Europe. It gives it's name to a small Territory called L'Amiennois, wherein stand the Cities of Corbie, Dourlens, Pecquigni, Comti, and Poix. Caesar speaks advantageously of this Town, and he and other Roman Emperors, as also several French Kings, took great delight in it. The Romans found stout resistance from the Inhabitants,

• who fought and defeated those of Rheims because they sub∣mitted so quickly to Caesar. Du Chesné.
• Amilcar, Captain of the Carthaginians, about the year of Rome 274, was sent into Sicily at the solicitation of Xerxes, but utterly defeated by Geto King of Syracuse, Anno Rom. 274. Diodor.
• Amilcar, the Son of Gisco, first oppos'd Agathocles, then made Peace with him, and caus'd the Syrucusians to receive him with submission; for which they made heavy Complaints against him at Carthage: Whereupon the Senate, who durst not openly provoke him, sent their Judgment seal'd up in a Box; but Amilcar died before the opening of it. Diodorus Siculus.
• Amilcar, Sirnam'd Barchas, commanded the Carthaginian Fleet, and infested the Coasts of Italy for 5 years together, upon which the Romans, resolv'd to remove him, set forth all their Naval Strength at once. Both Fleets met near Tra∣pany, and the Island of Aegates, in the 512th year of Rome, and the Carthaginians being utterly defeated, su'd for Peace. In the 517th year of Rome he began the second Punic War, to support which he Arm'd all Africa, having first subdued 100000 Rebels, and some revolted Towns, enriching Afric with their Spoils, but as he was preparing for Italy, he was slain in Fight in the 526th year of Rome, leaving the Con∣duct of his Army to his Son in Law Asdrubal. Polyb, Titus Livius.
• Amilcar, Captain of the Carthaginians, fell into Umbria in the 550th year of Rome, and defeated Ser. Geminus, and Claudius Nero, the Consuls; But was afterwards overthrown himself by L. Furius the Praetor, with the Slaughter of 30000 of his Men. Titus Livius.
• Amilcar, Sirnam'd Rhodanus, a Carthaginian Captain of great Eloquence and Industry, who by the Consent of the Athenians, insinuating himself into the Councels of Alexander the Great, gave the Athenians Information of all Alexander's Designs. Justin.
• Amilo, a River in the Forrest of Mauritania, mention'd by Pliny, whither he says that the Elephants, upon the first appearance of the New Moon went in Herds to purifie them∣selves in the Stream, and after they had worship'd that Star, return'd with their young ones from whence they came. Pliny, lib. 8. c. 1.
• Amiot (James) born Anno 1514, a Boy that ran from his Parents for fear of being whip'd, and begg'd about the Streets of Paris, but at length came to be Bishop of Auxerre, and Grand Almoner of France, translated Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus. He had not run far 'till he fell sick in a Field, when a Gentleman happening to come by pitied him, and taking him up behind him on Horseback brought him to the Hospital at Orleans, where being recover'd they gave him 6 d. and some Bread, and sent him away. (In regard of which Charity he afterwards left the said Hospital a Legacy of 1200 Crowns.) Coming afterwards to Paris he was forc'd to beg, and asking Alms of a certain Lady, she being pleas'd with the Boys mien, took him to carry her Childrens Books to the College, which opportunity he improved so well, that he profited mightily, and became so Learned in the Greek that he taught it publickly afterward in the Univer∣sity of Bourges; but being suspected of Protestanism, he l••ft Paris, and was entertain'd by a Gentleman at Berri to Teach his Children. The King happening to lodge in that House, Amiot was perswaded to write some Verses in Ho∣nour of the King, which being presented by the Children, the King as soon as he saw it was Greek, laid it down. The Chancellor hearing it was Greek took it up, and being charm'd with it, said, that if the Author had as much Virtue as Wit he deserved to be Preceptor to the Kings Children, which was the first step to his Preferment. He was afterwards made an Abbot, and sent to the Councel of Trent, where he made a Bold and Judicious Protestation. At his return he was made Preceptor to the Kings Children, viz. Francis II. Charles IX. and Henry III. In 1560 he was made great Al∣moner of France, which so enraged the Queen Mother, that sending for him to her Closet, she told him, that if he did not demit the Charge he should not live 24 hours; he ex∣cus'd himself as having refus'd it, and then absconded. The King missing him at his Table, sent to seek him, and was so enrag'd at his not being found, that the Queen Mother was forced to publish, that she would not molest him. The King had so much respect for him, that one night when they were talking at Table of Charles V. having made his Preceptor Pope, he said, that he would do as much for his if he had an opportunity. At last Amiot having seen the Exit of all his Three Scholars died Anno 1593. Thuanus.
• Amiras, a Prince of the Saracens, under whose Conduct they vanquish'd Hormisda King of the Persians, took Jerusa∣lem, and made themselves Masters of Egypt, Antiochia, Da∣mascus, and all Syria, about 632.
• Amiternum, Amiterno, an ancient City of Italy, of which the Ruines are still to be seen in Abruzzo; remarkable for being the place of Salust's Nativity. It was formerly the Seat of a Bishop, since Translated to Aquila the Capital City of the farthermost Abruzzo. However there remains a little Village still, which was afterwards built upon the Ruines of it, by the name of St. Victorino. About the year of Rome 458 Spurius Carvilius the Consul took it, after he had slain 2800 Men, and taken 4270 Prisoners. It was built upon the Slope of a Hill, where there is nothing now left but a piece of a Theatre, some Foot-steps of a Temple, and a great Tower. Leander Alberti. Dion. Halicarnass.
• Amixocores, a People of America in Brasil near the Go∣vernment of the River Janeiro.
• Ammer Ammerzee, a Lake in Bavaria, by which the River Amber takes its Course, from Munichen 5 Leagues, and 2 from Lansberg.
• Ammianus Marcellinus, a Latin Historian, but a Grecian by Birth, and Native of Antiochia. Of One and thirty Books of which his History consisted, which begun from the end of Domitian, and continued to the death of Valens, 13 are lost. The best Edition of Ammianus Marcellinus is that publish'd by Henry Valois, with Notes, in 1636. He is look'd upon as an Author of great Credit, and much esteemed for the French, German, and Burgundian Antiquity. He was a Heathen, but writes favourably of the Christian Religion. Voss.
• Ammon, the Sirname of Jupiter, worship'd in the shape of a Ram; in regard it was a Ram which discover'd a Fountain to Bacchus in his march for Lybia, when he was ready to perish for drouth together with his whole Army. In requital of which favour, he built a Temple to his Father Jupiter, to which he gave the name of Ammon or the Sandy.
• Ammonites, a People descended from Ben-Ammin, the Son of Lot by his youngest Daughter, who inhabited that part of Syria which Josephus calls the Hollow after they had expell'd the Zanzummins. Jair being dead they invaded the Land of Canaan, and made the Israelites Tributary; but at length they were defeated, and their Country harrassed by Jeptha. In the Reign of Saul they invaded Canaan again under their King Nahash, who besieg'd Jabesh-Gilead, with a resolu∣tion to have put out all the Right Eyes of those that he sub∣du'd; but Saul gave him a total overthrow, with the slaugh∣ter of the greatest part of his Army. Afterward they were subdu'd by Joab, vanquish'd and made Tributary by Jotham, and defeated by Judas Maccabeus. Gen. 14. Deut. 2. Judges. Joseph.
• Ammonius of Alexandria, a Christian Philosopher, liv'd in the 3d Age, who among the rest had Origen and Plotinus for his Disciples; first he was a Corn-Porter, and therefore called Saccas. But he excelled so much after he applied him∣self to Study, that he was called Theodidact, and though some say he abandoned Christianity, yet others say the con∣trary. Euseb. St. Jerom.
• Ammon, King of Judah, the Son of Manasseh, more Ido∣latrous then his Father, was murder'd by his own Servants after he had Reign'd two years. 2 Chron. 23.
• Amorbachium, Amorbach a City of Franconia on the Muldt, belonging to the Archbishop of Mentz, 5 Leagues from As∣barch, and 3 from Wertheim. Hoffman.
• Amorium, an ancient City of Phrygia, upon the Frontiers of Galatia, once a great and beautiful City with an Arch∣bishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople, ruin'd by Amerumnas Calyph of the Saracens in the 9th Age, to wreck his Revenge upon the Emperor Theophilus, by ruining the place of his Nativity, as the Emperor before had levell'd Sosopetra in Syria where the Saracen was born. Zonaras. Cu∣ropalates.
• Amorites, descended from Canaan the Son of Ham; they were a flourishing People in the time of Moses, who had un∣der Sihon their King driven out the former Natives, and plant∣ed themselves in that spacious Tract of Ground between Jab∣bock and Arnon. In memory of which Victory an ancient Poet of Canaan Compos'd a Song, incerted in part by Moses Numb. 6.21.27. Afterwards Sihon denying the Israelites passage through his Dominions was overthrown, and the Amorites being expell'd, their Country was given to the Tribe of Gad, &c. Gen. 10. Numb. 21.23.
• Amos, one of the smaller Prophets, at first a Herdsman and a Gatherer of Sycomore Fruit, till God inspir'd him, and then he Prophesied under Jeroboam King of Israel, and Uzziah King of Judah. There was also another Amos the Father of the Prophet Isaiah.
• Amparri, a People inhabiting the Southern parts of Ma∣dagascar, between Carcanossi and Caramboula. The Country is very fertile, and abounding in Wood, wherein the Natives make their Villages inclos'd with Stakes and Bryars. They are govern'd by the Lords of the Villages, and acknowledge one Senior who is above all the rest. They are frequently at Wars one among another, being able to raise about 3000 Soldiers in the whole extent of the Territory. Flacourt Hist. Madagascar.
• Ampelusia, a Promontory of Africa near the Kingdom of Fez, and that part which is called Mauritania Tingitana. It has its name from the great quantity of Vines which grow upon it. The Modern Name is now called Esparto or Cabo Spartelle. There is a Cape of this name also in Macedonia now called Cape Canistro near St. Anne's Gulph, the Sinus Tore∣naicus of the Ancients. There is also a Town and Promon∣tory

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• of this name in Crete call'd Cape Spartello in the Province of Hasbata on the Streights of Gibraltar near Tangier. Plin. Strabo. Baudr.
• Ampha••is, a small City of Macedon, upon the Bay of Con∣tessa, which gave its name to the little Territory of Amphaxi∣tis, comprehending the Cities of Thessalonica, whither Cicero was banish'd, and Stagyra, where Aristotle was born.
• Amphiaraus, the Son of Oecleus and Hypermnestra, a Grecian Soothsayer, who foreseeing, that if he went to the Theban War with Adrastus, he should be kill'd, hid himself: but his Wife Euriphyle betray'd him to Adrastus for the sake of a Gold Necklace. The first day that he came before Thebes, as the General was Feasting the Principal Officers of his Army, an Eagle snatch'd an Arrow out of his Hand, which having drop'd turn'd into a Lawrel Tree; and the next day the Earth open'd in the same place, and swallow'd him up in his Chariot. However he was Honour'd as a Deity, and had a Temple Consecrated to him by the name of Harma or the Chariot. Pausanias.
• Amphibalus, Sirnam'd Brito. Hector Boetius, and Pitseus say he was a very Learned, Pious, and Zealous Man, and Preach'd in England and Scotland, Converting the Heathens, Confirming the Christians, Writing against the Superstition of the one, and for the Comfort of the other. He is said to have been Bishop of Anglesey, and to have suffered Mar∣tyrdom, An. 291. but this Story is reputed fabulous by the Learned Archbishop Usher.
• Amphic••ea, a Town in Greece where was formerly a Temple Dedicated to Bacchus, whose Priests pretended to foretel fu∣ture Events, to all that made Enquiry. Pausanias.
• Amphictyon, the Son of Deucalion and Pyrrha who invent∣ed the Interpretation of Dreams and Portents, the third King of the Athenians after Cranaus, and Reign'd ten years. Euseb. Justin.
• * Amphictyon, the Son of Helenus, who instituted that fa∣mous General Council of the Greeks call'd Amphyctionium, the Members of which were chosen at first out of 7 principal Cities, but afterwards out of 13; Philip of Macedon was ad∣mitted among 'em, and allow'd to have Two Voices as the Phocenses had. The Presidents of these Councils were call'd Amphyctiones. Euseb. Justin. The Amphyctiones are said by Diodorus Siculus to be a Tribe of Attica, and of that People that were called the Thury. But that which has drawn the Eyes of all Men on this Word was the giving this name to the 12 Judges of that great Court, which assembled from all parts of Greece to the Thermopylae. This Court is mention'd by Strabo, Pausanias, Halicarnassus, and many other of the Greek Writers. Pausanias is of Opinion, that Amphyction the Son of Deucalion King of Thessaly was the first Inventor of this Council: Strabo on the other side refers it to Acrisius the 14th King of the Argives. Herodotus, Lib. 8. agrees with Pausanias, and adds, that the Seat of the Amphyctions was the Temple of Ceres upon the River Asopus, and he describes both that Temple, and the Seats of that Court which was held there. The greatest part of the People of Greece were subject to the Jurisdiction of this Court, which are enume∣rated by Strabo. It's first Seat was at the Thermopylae, and after this it was removed to the Temple aforesaid, and then to Delphos in Phocis. This Council was the supream Tribunal of all Greece, and determined all the great and difficult Cases or Controversies that arose between Private Men, or the States and Cities subject to its Jurisdiction. Their Sentences did often put these People into great Commotions, and were put in Execution by Force and Arms. They met twice in the year, in the Spring and Autumn. Every Nation in this Society sent one, two, or three Deputies to this Court ac∣cording to their power and greatness; and Eschines saith in his Life-time there were 12. Philip the Father of Alexander the Great in the end of the Sacred War deprived the Phoceans of this Court, and removed it into Macedonia, but the Pho∣ceans 60 years after recover'd it back again, as a Reward for their good Services against the Gauls. Augustus Caesar, and Antoninus Pius renewed this Court, and Pausanias who lived under the latter of these saith, that in his time it was in great Esteem, and had then 30 Judges. It fell and came to nothing, in all probability about the time of Constantine the Great, when the Roman power declin'd.
• * Amphidanias, the Son of Busiris, whom Hercules slew to∣gether with his Father as they were offering their Strangers in Sacrifice. Hoffman.
• Amphidromia, Feasts of the ancient Pagans, solemniz'd the Fifth day after the Birth of the Infant; at what time the Gossips that were at the Labour ran round about the Cham∣ber and the Houshold Gods, then wash'd their Hands, and deliver'd the Child to the Nurse; Which done the Parents and Friends gave small Presents to the Women, and made 'em a Feast. Athenaeus.
• Amphilochius Bishop of Iconium in the time of Theodosius the Great, one of the most eminent Prelates of that Age, and one of the greatest Defenders of the Orthodox Faith against the attacks of the Arian Hereticks. Baronius.
• Amphilitus, an Acarnian Soothsayer, who to encourage Pisistratus to fall upon the Athenians, counterfeited Divine Pomp, and pronounced Two Verses in Greek, of which the Sence was, in Latin thus:

  Est nummus projectus, item sunt retia tenta, Nocte meant Thynni claro sub sidere Lunae.

  Upon which Pisistratus falling on the Athenians after their Supper-time, found some at play, others asleep; And by that means gaining an easie Victory, became Master of A∣thens a third time. H••rodot.
• Amphinomus and Anapus, two Sicilian Brothers, who when the flames of Aetna had set the City of Catana, and all the adjoining places on fire, ventur'd through the flames, and brought off their Parents upon their Shoulders. Val••rius Maximus.
• Amphion, the Son of Jupiter and Antiope, play'd so rarely on the Harp, that the Poets to shew the force of Sounds, feign'd that his Musick made the Rocks to follow him, and that the Stones that form'd the Walls of Thebes danced into that order of themselves, charm'd as it were by the melody of his Lyre. By which it is to be understood, that being an Eloquent Man, he perswaded the People to build Walls for their defence. Appollonius. Natalis Comes.
• Amphipolis, a Town of Thracia on the side of Macedonia, being an Archbishoprick. The Greeks call'd it Christopoli since, and its modern name is Emboli; it's situated on the River Strymon, which washes it on every side. It was formerly cal∣led Neuf Chemins or Nine-ways. Aristagoras the Milesian flying from Darius would have settled here, but was hindered by the Edonians in the 69th Olympiad. The Athenians sent 10000 Inhabitants thither afterward, who were all cut in pieces at Drabesque by the Thracians. This did not hinder Aginon the Son of Nicias to settle a new Colony there, after having chased away the Edonians. Those People espousing the quarrel of the Lacedemonians against the Athenians were the cause of the War being renewed in the time of Philip of Mace∣don. Perdiccas took Amphipolis in the 89th Olympiad. Thucyd. Justin.
• Amphistides, a Man that had a great desire to learn Arith∣metic, but could never count above 5; from whence all Dunces in Arithmetic were call'd Amphistides's. Suidas.
• Amphitrio, a Theban Prince, Married Alemena, slew his Father-in-Law by an accident, and vanquish'd the Teleboans by the assistance of Come••ho the Daughter of Pterelaus, who being passionately in Love with Amphitrio, cut off her Fa∣thers Golden Lock upon which the fate of his Kingdom de∣pended. See more in Alemena. Appollodore.
• Amphorites, a certain Game, or Tryal of Skill for the Ex∣ercise of Wit set up in the Island Aegina, wherein an Ox was the Reward for such Dithyrambic Poets as Compos'd the no∣blest Panegyrics upon Bacchus.
• Amphrysus, a River of Thessaly, noted in Fabulous Hi∣story, for that by the Banks of it Appollo is said to have fed Admetus's Sheep. It runs by the foot of the Moun∣tain Othrys, and empties it self into the River Sper∣chini.
• * Amptbill, or as some spell it Anthill, a Market Town of Redbornstoke Hundred in Bedfordshire, it lies about 5 miles South of Bedford, and is a Honour belonging to the Crown, grac'd with a fine Seat and Parks in its Neighbourhood belonging to the Earl of Alesbury. It's 36 miles from London, the Market on Thursday.
• St. Ampulla, an Order of Knighthood instituted as is suppos'd by Clovis the first King of France, in memory of the Viol of Balsam which the Angel is feign'd to have brought to St. Remigius at the Baptizing the same Clovis, who was an∣ointed with it also at his Coronation. The Knights of the Order carry in a black Ribbon a Cross of Gold inlay'd with Silver, inclosed with a Hoop, and charg'd with a Dove hold∣ing a Viol in her Beak, receiv'd by a moving Carnation Hand. These Knights are four Barons Feudaries to the Church of Rheims, who at the Coronation of the King of France bear up the Canopy under which the Ampulla is car∣ried in procession. Aimoin. Hincmar. Gaguin. Favin.
• Ampurdan, a small Province in Catalonia, the Capital City of which is Emporias formerly famous under the name of Emporia. It consisted of 3 Cities, one of which the Phocian Greeks had; another which the Native Spaniards kept; and a third that was built by a Colony that Caesar left there, after he had vanquish't Pompey's Sons; which afterwards embodied into one. Near this City it was that Cato won a Signal Battel from the Spaniards with the Slaughter of 40000 of their Men, about the year of Rome 558. In process of time it became an Episcopal See, but being often ruin'd by the Moors, the See and Trade of the City are removed to Gironne. Strabo. Ptolome. St••phanus.
• Amraphel, King of Shinar, one of the four, that made War against five other Princes, and was vanquish'd by Abra∣ham, who took part with the Inhabitants of Sodom for the sake of his Nephew Lot. Torniel.
• Amstel, a small River of Holland that runs by Amsterdam, and discharges it self into the Arm of the Sea call'd the Y.
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• ticularly Servetus, with denying Infant-baptism; the Validity of Baptism by wicked Ministers or Popish Priests, the Law∣fulness of Magistracy, and Assurance of Salvation; adding, that they denied Oaths, unchurch'd all Churches, because of the faults of Ministers and Members; and asserted, That the Jews knew nothing of Eternal Life; and their Promises and Ad∣ministration had no other prospect but to Temporal advan∣tage. But our English Anabaptists are not to be judged of by any of those descriptions: They are generally for the In∣dependant way of Church-Government, which together with the denying of Infant-Baptism, and not singing of Psalms (which yet some of them practise) are the only things they differ in from other Protestants; thô there are among them who also deny the Lawfulness of Oaths, maintain Free-will, the Seventh day Sabbath, and the Thou∣sand years Reign: Those that desire to be more fully satis∣fied, may have recourse to a Confession of Faith published by the Representatives of above 100 of their Congregations in 1689. being the same in substance with the Assemblies or Westminster Confession, except as before excepted. The Pra∣ctise of Re-baptizing is charged upon Marcion, who main∣tain'd a third Baptism for Expiation of Sins; and that the same might be administred by Women, Epiphan. Haer. 42. The Cataphrygians, Novatians, and Donatists, Re-baptized those of their Communion; and An. 256. those of Cilicia, Cappadocia, Galatia, and the Neighbouring Provinces, de∣clared in an Assembly, That the Baptism of Hereticks was Null. Firmilian Bp. of Cesaria, and St. Denis of Alexandria, were Patrons of this Opinion, and upon this Head wrote to Stephen, Bp. of Rome, who declin'd Communion with the Eastern Churches on that account, says Eusebius, An. 256. St. Cyprian called a Councel at Carthage, where they agreed that Baptism administred without the Church was invalid, which the Bp. of Rome opposed. Tertullian in his Book of Baptism held, That Baptism conferred by Hereticks was In∣valid: And Agrippus, who liv'd 40 years or above before St. Cyprian, was of the same Opinion. This created a deal of trouble in the Church; so that this method to allay the same was found out by the Councel of Arles, Can. 8. viz. To Rebaptize those newly Converted, if so be it was found that they had not been Baptized in the Name of the Father, Son, and Holy-Ghost: And so the 1st General Councel of Nice, Can. 19. ordered that the Paulianists, or Followers of Paul, Samosatenus, and the Cataphrygians should be Rebaptiz'd. The Councel of Laodicea, Can. 7. and the 2d of Arles, Can. 16. Decreed the same as to some Hereticks. August. lib. 2. de Bapt. Cont. Donat. Euseb. l. 7. c. 4. Baron. An. C. 217. 218. In Theodosius's Code, and that of Justinian, it is observed that those Emperors put Anabaptists to death, L. 7. N. 5. Bapt. Her. L. 2. Cod. Justin.

• Anah, the Son of Zibeon the Horite, recorded in Scripture to have been the first who made known to the World the Generation of Mules by the Copulation of Asses with Mares, as he fed his Fathers Asses in the Wilderness. Torniel. St. Jerome.
• Anacalipteria, certain Festivals among the Ancient Pagans, after the Nuptials were over, when the Married Woman laid aside her Vail, and shewed her Face to all the World, Caelius Rhod. Philostrates.
• Anacharsis, a Scythian Philosopher, who Travailing to Athens, improv'd himself by conversing with Solon, and be∣came famous for his knowledge, his contempt of Riches, and Austerity of Life. He was wont to say, That Laws not duly observed, were like Spiders Webs, that only caught the little Flies: And that the Vine bare three sorts of Fruits, Drunkenness, Pleasure, and Repentance. He was kill'd by his Brother, King of the Country, for endeavour∣ing to introduce the Athenian Laws among the Scythians. He is said to be the Inventor of the Potters Wheel. Herodotus Cicero.
• Anachamousti, a People in the Island of Madagascar, North of Manamboule; The Country abounds in Cattel, Rice, and other Provisions, and is well peopled. Flacourt. Hist. Mada∣gascar.
• Anachis, one of the four Penates or Houshold Gods, which as the Egyptians believ'd, accompanied every Man of any moment in the World, and took particular care of him, which they called Dymon, Tyches, Heras and Anachis: Others believe the words to be corrupted, and that they ought to be read, Dynamis, Power; Tyche, Fortune; Eros, Love; and Anance, Necessity. Alexander ab Alexand.
• Anacletus, Pope in the 103 year of Christ, ordered, That every Bp. should be ordain'd by three Bishops at least, and that no Priests should let their Hair or their Beards grow; He sat 11 years, and was crown'd with Martyrdom in the Reign of Trajan. Platina.
• Anaclete, an Antipope, who contested with Innocent II. and getting the better of his Adversary, sat eight years, and died in the year 1134. He called a Councel at Rome, where he Excommunicated Innocent II. who also Excommuni∣cated him in Councels held in France; but Anaclete died pos∣sessed of the Chair. Baronius.
• Anacreon, a Native of Teos a City of Ionia, and an emi∣nent Greek, Lyric Poet, flourish'd about the LX. Olympiad; He was highly belov'd by Pisistratus, Tyrant of Athens, who sent a Gally of 50 Oars for him; and Polycrates Tyrant of Samos, from whom having got 3000 Crowns, he was ne∣ver quiet till he was rid of 'em; Voluptuous to excess, and at length choaked with a Grape-stone. Herodotus. Pausanias.
• Anactoria, suppos'd to be Voniza, a Town of Epirus, upon the Gulph of Zarta, which formerly belong'd to the Corinthi∣ans and the Corcyreans in common; and was often the pre∣tence of War among the Greeks. The Athenians once made themselves Masters of it, and peopled it with the Acarna∣nians, that assisted 'em to take it.
• Anacuies, a People of America in Brasil, near the Domini∣ons of the Portuguese, under the name of the Capitany of Seregippa.
• Anaetis, a Goddess formerly in such veneration among the Lydians, Persians, and Armenians, bordering upon Tartary, that they did nothing but under her Auspices, and held their most important Consultations in her Temple. She was serv'd only by Female Priests, who were the most beautiful Virgins in all the Country, and who thought it an honour to prostitute themselves to those that came to Sacrifice to their false Deity; and in effect the blind Idolaters thought the better of 'em, and would the sooner Marry them. The Festivals of this Idol were Annually celebrated with all man∣ner of Debaucheries; some think they were instituted by Cyrus K. of Persia, in memory of the Victory which he ob∣tain'd over the Saics, by abandoning his Camp which was full of Provisions, wherewith that People had surfeited themselves so, that they were easily surpriz'd. Herodotus. Pau∣san. Plin.
• Anafa, Anfa, a celebrated Town on the Atlantick Ocean in the Province of Temesna, in the Kingdom of Fez, built by the Romans 60 miles from Azamur to the N. E. and 40 from Rebat to the W. in a fruitful Soil as to Corn, on the edge of a Plain 80 miles over; and having excellent Gardens, and plenty of Fruits, they drove a good Trade with the Portu∣guese and English: The Portuguese after set out a Fleet against it of 50 Sail, by whom it was laid desolate and burnt down, because of its incursions upon the Christians; so that Leo Africanus saith, he despaired of ever seeing it again inha∣bited, page 110. The Portuguese endeavoured to raise a Fort there upon the River of Mamora in 1515. but were prevent∣ed by the K. of Fez. Marmol.
• * Anaghelome, Lat. Anagelum, a small Town in Ireland, in the Province of Ulster, and County of Down on the River Ban.
• Anagnia, Anagni, an Episcopal City of Italy in St. Peter's Patrimony, or La Canpagna di Roma, by Virgil called the Rich Anagnia. And here it was that Marc-Anthony, after he had link'd himself to Cleopatra, Coyned Money with her Stamp: No less signal for being the place of the Nativity of four Popes, Innocent III. Greg. IX. Alex. IV. and Boniface VIII. now gon to decay, and very thinly inhabited. Al∣berti Descrip. of Italy.
• Anagyrus, a place famous in Attica, so named as Stephen says, from a certain Plant which stinks abominably when handled; whence the Proverb Anagyrim commoves: Others say from Anagyrus, a certain Deity, who destroyed the Society for prophaning his Temple. And to revenge the same injury on an old Man, inspir'd his Concubine with lustful desires after his Son, whom she accus'd of designing a Rape, because he would not consent to her: Whereupon his Father threw him from a Rock, and Hang'd himself quickly after on disco∣very of his Sons Innocence. Suidas.
• Analius, the fifth King of the Assyrians, succeeded his Father Aries, and Reign'd 40 years from the year of the World 2158, to 2198, which was the 116th of Abraham's Life. Eusebius.
• * Anan, a small River in the South parts of Scotland, which runs into the Solway, of chief note for giving the name of Anandale to the Neighbouring Country.
• * Anandale, a small Country in the South-west parts of Scotland, so call'd from the River Anan which waters it, and gives name to the chief Town of it, which suffered much, and lost all its splendor by the English War. This County gives Title of Earl to the chief of the Family of the John∣stons.
• Ananias, or Annas High Priest of the Jews, the Father-in-Law of Caiaphas, had five Sons who succeeded him in that high Function one after another. Jesus Christ was carried first of all before him, after his being apprehended in the Gardens of Mount Olivet. Authors have difficulty to recon∣cile Annas and Caiaphas, being both High Priests at the same time. Some say Annas was the others Deputy as Serajah and Zephaniah, both call'd High Priests in Zedekiah's time: Others, that the one was Chief Priest, and the other chief of the Sanhedrim; and Eusebius thinks that Annas had been deposed by the Romans, and restor'd again after Caiaphas. Jansenius, Baronius, Sigonius.
• Ananias, one of Daniel's Companions, being of the Chil∣dren of the Captivity, he, together with Mishael and Azarias, was cast into the Fiery Furnace, because he would not fall down and Worship the Image which Nebuchadnezzar set up; but God delivered them miraculously from the Fire, that

• their Garments were not so much as singed, which so con∣vinced Nebuchadnezzar, that he own'd the God of Israel to be the most High God. This happened An. M. 3462. or 3455. Joseph. Torniel. Dan. 3.
• Ananias, a Jew, one of those convinced by the Apostles Sermons, he pretended to have brought all the Money which he had for his possession, and laid it at the Apostle's Feet; but he and his Wife were both struck dead for lying to the Holy Ghost. Acts 5.
• Ananias, of Damascus, to whom our Lord appeared in a Vision, ordering him to go and pray with St. Paul, and open his eyes after his Conversion, which he did accordingly, and then St. Paul was Baptiz'd, Acts 9.22.
• Ananus II. of the Sect of the Sadduces, a severe Man, put St. James the Brother of our Lord to death, and was de∣pos'd from the high Priesthood by Agrippa. The Jews were extreamly angry at his putting James to death, thinking that their following ruine was occasion'd by it. Josephus.
• Ananus III. applauded by Josephus for his Prudence and Piety, oppos'd the Zealots; but being overpower'd by the Recruits of the Idumeans that came to their assistance, was by them slain. Joseph.
• Anapauomene, a Fountain in Molossia, a Province of Epirus in Greece, of which Pliny says, That its Waters extinguish Flambeaux when lighted, and lights them when extinguish'd; That it ceases flowing at mid-day, and a little while after flows again till midnight, when it ceases a 2d time. Plin.
• Anaphe, Nanfio an Island in the Egean Sea, nearest to Cozi, an Hundred miles from Scille, and ten from Santerini, about 30 miles in compass. It will endure no Serpents.
• Anapliste, an Ancient Seaport of Attica in Greece, near which there are Silver Mines: It is near to Athens, toward Cape Colias, whether the wreck of the Persian Fleet, after the Battel of Salamine was carried. It was also famous for the Temples of Pan, Ceres, Venus, and the Goddesses called Geni∣tyllides, who presided at the birth of Men. The Vessels of painted Earth made here are much esteemed. Atheneas. Aristophanes.
• Anapuia, a Province of Venezuela in South America, near the Mountains of St. Peter, and the Source of the Buria.
• Anaquito, a large Plain in Peru, in the Kingdom of Quito, where in 1546, a terrible Battel was fought between Almagro Viceroy of Peru, and Pisaro, with great slaughter on both sides.
• Anastasius I. ordained standing upon reading the Gospel; and that no lame or infirm person should be received into Orders. He succeeded Gelasius the first in the See of Rome, sate four years and died in 438.
• Anastasius II. a favourer of the Eutychians and Nestorians, about 496. held the See two years, and died voiding his Bowels, as Platina saith, as a Judgment for being an Acacian, when he had Excommunicated the Emperor Anastasius for the same thing. Baronius.
• Anastasius III. succeeded Sergius the 3d, An. 910. sate two years, and did nothing remarkable. Sigebert, Onuphrius.
• Anastas••us IV. succeeded Eugenius III. sate one year and five months, and died in 1154. However in that short time he raised that Noble Structure of Maria Rotunda, in the room of the Pantheon: He has a Tomb of Porphyry.
• Anastasius Antipope, against Benedict III. about 855. but ex∣pell'd by the Emperor Lewis, at the request of the Clergy and people of Rome. Baron. Onuph. Genebrard.
• Anastasius, Patriarch of Antiochia, a Vertuous and Learn∣ed Prelate, and a great Writer, died in the year 599. He was call'd Sinaite, because brought from Mount Sinai. He was hated by the Emperor Justinian for opposing the Sect of the Incorruptibles, and was Banish'd by Justin the Young. Bellarmin, Poss••vin.
• Anastasius the Martyr, Patriarch of Alexandria, labour'd for the Conversion of the Jews, who put him to a most cruel death in 608. Nicephor. Baron.
• Anastasius III. Patriarch of Antioch, the most passionate of the Jacobite Hereticks; his ambition to gain the Patriar∣chate, made him seemingly turn Orthodox; but having gain'd his desire, he relaps'd, and drew the Emperor Hera∣clitus into the Errors of the Monothelites. Baronius.
• Anastasius, Patriarch of Constantinople, of the Opinion of the Image-breakers, but exposed to publick Ignominy by Constantine Copronymus, who caused him first to be soundly Bastinadoed for some misdemeanors, and carried through the Streets on an Ass, with his Head towards the Tayl; yet af∣terwards re-establish'd him as Patriarch. Baronius.
• Anastasius, Emperor of Constantinople, from a very mean person, rais'd by the Artifices of Ariadne, Zeno's Widow, whose Gallant he was, to the Imperial Throne. In the be∣ginning of his Reign he Govern'd with much Justice and pre∣tended Devotion, but afterwards turn'd vicious and heretical, which occasion'd some troubles betwixt him and his Subjects, headed by Longinus the former Emperors Brother; but he overcame them. He persecuted the Orthodox, and deposed Euphemius Patriarch of Constantinople; for which being re∣proved by Hormisda the Roman Pontiff, he made Answer, Nos imperare Volumus, nobis Imperari nolumus. Vitalianus the Scy∣thian brought his Army to besiege Constantinople; but being vanquish'd by Sea by the firing his Navy with Burning-Glasses, the Invention of the famous Mathematician Procus, Anasta∣sius escap'd that danger. Being foretold that he should be kill'd by Thunder, he rais'd a round Structure to save him∣self; but after a most terrible Tempest of Thunder and Lightning, he was found dead in his Chamber in the 88th year of his Age. Baronius.
• Anatalito, a Village of Despotato, formerly Aetolia, seated like Venice in a Morass, and consisting of about 200 Houses. The people plant Currants in the Fields adjoyning, which are there a more delicious Fruit, and larger than at Zant. Spon.
• Anatolius of Alexandria, Bp of Laodicea about 283, no less signal for his Piety than his Learning; an Eminent Ora∣tor, an Excellent Mathematician. a Compleat Philosopher, and one of the best Interpreters of Aristotle in his time. Baron. Vossius.
• Anatolius, though of mean Birth, yet by the Strength of his Parts he arrived to the highest Dignity in Antiochia, but being discovered to be a Worshipper of Idols, he was sent to Constantinople, and there torn in pieces by Wolves, to which he was expos'd by the People. Popish Authors say, that as he cast his Eyes on the Image of the Blessed Virgin to im∣plore her aid, the said Image turn'd away its Head. Evagrius.
• Anaxagoras, a Clazomenian Philosopher, the Disciples of Anaximenes, forsook a great Estate and vast Wealth to betake himself to Contemplation. For which he being asked why he took no more care of his Country, I take a great deal (said he) pointing with his Finger to the Skies. He was the first that join'd Understanding to Materia Prima; he affirm'd that the Sun was a Mass of burning Iron, much larger then Pelo∣ponesus. See the rest of his Opinions and Sayings in Diogenes Laertius.
• Anaxandrides, King of Sparta, subdued the Citizens of Tegea that had vex'd the Lacedemonians in his Fathers time. His Wife being barren the Ephori order'd him to Divorce her, which he being loath to do, to please the Ephori Marri∣ed another, and was the only Lacedemonian who ever before had had two Wives: After which the first Wife brought forth Children. There was another Spartan King of this name who subdued the Tegeans by means of one Lychas who discovered Orestes's Tomb, the Oracle having told that they should never be overcome till it was found, which was to be by removing the Wind, the Beater, with the Thing Beaten, and the Ruine and Pest of Mankind. Lychas coming into a Shop where he perceived a pair of Bellows, a Hammer, an Anvil and Iron, he concluded those to be the Wind, the Beater and Beaten, and Ruine of Men, and removing 'em found Oreste's Tomb, which carrying to Lacedemon, the Te∣geans were suddenly reduced. Herodot. Plutarch.
• Anaxarchus, a Philosopher of Abdera, and Hearer of De∣mocritus, who being seiz'd by Nicocreon, Tyrant of Cyprus, his mortal Enemy, and by him pounded in a Stone Trough, with a fortitude unimitable cry'd out, Pound on, pound on the Bag of Anaxarchus, (meaning his Skin) thou pound'st not Anax∣archus: And at the same time the Tyrant threatning to cut out his Tongue, I'le prevent thee, said he, biting it off himself, and spitting it in the Tyrants Face. Alexander the Great had so much respect for him, that he order'd him to have what∣ever he demanded, who accordingly having ask'd 300 Ta∣lents, at which the Officers grumbled, Alexander caus'd to give him them, saying, that he took it as a Mark of his Esteem that he would ask him a Gift suitable to himself. Anaxarchus was call'd Happy and Fortunate because of the greatness of his Spirit and Intrepidity in time of danger. Diog. Laertius.
• Anaxenor, a Player on the Harp, highly esteemed by the City of Tiana, but more by Marc Anthony, who gave him the Revenue of 4 Cities for his Musick. Strabo.
• * Anaxilas, Tyrant of the Rhegini, so moderate and just in his Government, that when he had left his Children upon his Death-Bed, to the Care only of Micalus, no more then one of his most Trusty Servants, the Princes and People chose rather to obey a Servant, then desert the Children: And the Servant discharg'd his Trust faithfully and with Honour. Justin. Macrob.
• Anaximander, a Milesian Philosopher, who held, that the Incomprehensible and Infinite Universe was the Principle of all Natural Beings, incomprehensible in it self; but corrup∣tible as to its parts. He was also the first Inventer of Sphere Rules for Dyalling and Geography. He is said to have fore∣told an Earthquake to the Lacedemonians. Diogenes. Laertius.
• Anaximenes, a Milesian Philosopher, held that the Air was Infinite, and the Original of all Things, even of the Gods, and that the Stars did not move above the Earth but round about it. He was the first Inventer of the Quadrant. Diogenes. Vossius.
• Anaximenes, a Native of Lampsachus, both an Orator and Historian, and one of Alexander the Great's Tutors. He sav'd his Country by a Wile. For Alexander having already resolv'd the destruction of it for favouring Darius, and fear∣ing to be vanquish't by the Intreaties of his Tutor, Swore by all the Gods of Greece whatever Anaximenes begg'd him to do, he would do quite the contrary; which the Philosopher 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• who afterwards affecting the whole Monarchy, did by the assistance of the Polonians overthrow his Brother Andrew, and put him to death about 1061. Bonfin. Isthuansius. Hist. Hung.
• Andrew II. King of Hungary, Sirnam'd Hierosolymitanus from his Expedition to the Holy Land, reign'd 31 years, and dy'd about the year 1239. He signaliz'd his Valour in the Holy Land, and acquir'd much Glory, but had some Controversie with the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and also with his own Subjects. From this King it was that the Hungarian Gentry obtain'd their Priviledges which they are so zealous of. Hoffman says he was very unfortunate in the Holy War, and that the Christians were great losers by him.
• Andrew III. Notwithstanding all the opposition of the Germans, and Boniface VIII. who favour'd Charles Martell, having grasped the Scepter of Hungary, he held it two years, subdu'd almost all Austria, and dy'd about 1301. Bonfin.
• Andrew King of Naples was strangl'd in 1345 by his Wife Joan, at the same time Queen of Naples also, for endeavour∣ing to introduce his Hungarians into the Government. Besides the difference of their inclinations, the misunderstanding was fomented by an Hungarian Monk who govern'd him, and an Italian Laundress who became her favourite, and go∣vern'd her, each of them striving to be absolute. Spond.
• Andrew James, a great Lutheran Minister, about 1590. he was of the Dutchy of Wirtemberg, effectuated an Union among the Princes of the Augsburg Confession, and was by them imployed in Affairs of greatest consequence; He was Rector of the University of Tubinga. Melchior Adam.
• * Andrew of Harclay, so called from Harclay in Westmorland, the place of his Birth, he lived in Edward the 2d's time, and behaved himself with so much Gallantry, that at the Battel of Burroughbridge which prov'd so fatal to the Barons, he slew Humphry Bolam Earl of Hereford, and took Thomas Earl of Lancast••r, with many other Nobles, for which the King cre∣ated him Earl of Carlisle, and gave him the Isle of Man; but upon some disgust he conspired against the King, to bring in the Scots, for which he was condemn'd and forfeited.
• Andrews Lancelot Bp of Winchester, in the Reigns of Q. Elisabeth, K. James, and K. Charles the 1st, he was born in London, his Father a Merchant of good repute, sent him from M••rchant-Taylors School, to Pembroke-hall in Cambridge, such was his pregnancy in all sorts of Learning, that few things escaped his knowledg: What was said of Claudius Drusus, might well be applied to him, That he was a Man of as good parts as mortal nature could receive, or industry make perfect. Mr. Hugh Price founder of Jesus College in Oxford, nominated him to be one of the Fellows there; at last he took the degree of Master of Arts, and then wholly applied himself to Divinity. Henry Earl of Huntington sent for him to accompany him to the North, whereof he was President; and there, by his painful Preaching, he convert∣ed many Papists. By means of Sir Francis Walsingham, Se∣cretary of State, he became Vicar of St. Giles's without Crip∣plegate, London, then Prebendary and Residentiary of St. Pauls, and afterwards Prebendary of the Collegiate Church of South∣well; next, upon Dr. Fulks decease he was elected Master of Pembroke-hall in Cambridge, then he became Chaplain in Or∣dinary to the Queen, who made him, 1st Prebend, and not long afterwards Dean of Westminst••r. K. James created him Bp. of Chichester, whence he was translated to Ely, and then to Winchester, and was made Dean of the Chappel: He was a Pious, Acute, and Prudent Preacher, of a blameless Life, and very Charitable, having in his last six years given 1300 pound in private Alms; and at his death left 4000 to pur∣chase 200 l. per Annum, for the use of poor Men and Widows. He died Sept. 25. 1626. in the 3d year of K. Charles the 1st, and 71 of his Age, and lies buried in the upper Isle of the Parish Church of S. Saviours in Southwark, over whom is erected a very fair Monument of Marble and Alabaster, with a long Latin Epitaph: He writ several Works still extant, amongst which is a body of Sermons, being 96 in all.
• St. Andrews, See in St.
• Andria, Andri an Episcopal City of the Kingdom of Na∣ples, in the Province of Bari, dignified with the Title of Dukedom in the Family of the Caraffa's.
• Andriscus counterfeited himself to be the Son of Philip the 5th K. of Macedon, Anno 606 of Rome, and being at first despised by the Romans, defeated Juventius the Praetor; but being vanquished by Cecilius Metellus, and flying to a petty King of Thrace, was by him delivered to the Romans, who after they had led him in Triumph, put him to death.
• Androcottus, or Sandrocottus, a King of India, who find∣ing himself in some danger, for having spoken slightly of Alexander the Great, fled for his Life, and being quite tyr'd, lay down under a Tree, where a huge Lyon came and fawn'd upon him: By which good omen being encouraged, he took the Field, expell'd Alexander's Captains, and reco∣vered a good part of India, which he left to his posterity. Justin.
• Androdus, the name of the Roman Slave, so well reward∣ed by a Lyon for pulling the Thorn out of his Foot; that being expos'd to the same Lyon in the Amphitheatre, be∣cause of his running from his Master, the grateful Beast would not so much as touch him, but fawn'd upon him to the admiration of the Spectators: So Androdus escaped, and was made his Keeper. Gellius.
• Androgeus, the Son of Minos King of Crete, Murdered by the Athenian youth, who envied his being always Victor at the Attic Games. In revenge of whose death, his Father having taken Athens, impos'd an Annual Tribute of Seven Boys and as many Virgins which were exposed to the cruelty of the Minotaur, till the Monster was slain by Theseus. Plu∣tarch. Ovid.
• Androgynes, an Ancient People of Afric, who were Her∣maphrodites, having one Breast like a Man, and another like a Woman, Plin. lib. 7. Ch. 2. Some of the Jews al∣ledged that Adam was at first created so; but that afterwards the Man and Woman were separated. Sixtus Sienn.
• Andromachus, who call'd himself King of Syria, one of the most redoubted Princes of Asia, he fought for Seleucus Callinicus King of Syria, against Antiochus, whom he defeat∣ed; but pursuing him too far, was taken by Ptolomie Everge∣tes King of Egypt, who set him at liberty on the desire of the Rhodians. Polybius, lib. 4.
• Andromeda, the Daughter of Cepheus expos'd to a Sea Monster for the pride of her Mother, in comparing her beau∣ty with that of the Nereides, but rescued by Perseus who made her his Wife. Ovid. M••tam.
• An••ronicus I. usurp'd the Imperial Diadem of Constanti∣nople, having first strangled his Nephew Alexis II. who was under Age, and committed to his care, as also his Mother and others, sparing neither Age, Sex, nor Relation to secure his Government. One of his Nephews whom he had ba∣nish'd, stir'd up the King of Sicily against him, who Besieging Constantinople, Andronicus flatter'd his Subjects into a resolute defence; but returning to his Cruelty, and pursuing to death all whose names begun with Is. being warned by a Magician, that such an one would dethrone him, he ordered Isacius Angelus to be apprehended, who flying to a Temple, the People took his part, and proclaimed him Emperor, seized Andronicus, put out his Eyes, set him on a scabbed Camel, spared none of his Family, and tormented him with Hooks and Harping-Irons for three days; during which time he was so sensible of the Justice of God, that he acknowledged it amidst his greatest torment, and thank'd his Tormentors; and was at last hang'd betwixt two Pillars, after he had tyrannized two years. Baronius. Nicetas.
• Andronitus II. succeeded Michael Palcologus, a slothful and unfortunate Prince, who neglecting his Asiatic Affairs, gave the Turks an opportunity to extend their Empire, and van∣quish the Alans or Massagetes which he sent to oppose 'em. He hir'd also for that end, Rogerius Lauria, Admiral of the Spanish Fleet in Sicily, with better success at first; but not being able to pay his Forces, they mutinied, and did him more hurt than good. At last his Grandchild Andronicus, whom he had indulg'd to excess by the help of the Genoeses, invaded the Empire, dethron'd his Grandfather, and thrust him, almost blind with Age, into a Monastery, where he died An. 1332. This Prince persecuted those that were for uniting the Greek and Roman Church, and on that account digged his Father out of his Grave; for which he was Ex∣communicated by Pope Clement 5. Gregoras. Cantacuzene.
• Andronicus III. sirnamed the Young, was made Emperor, after he had dethron'd his Grandfather; and Murder'd his Brother to rid himself of a Rival. With the assistance of the Turks he subdued the Mitylenians and Phoc••ns••s; and while he was more intent upon the recovery of revolted Th••ssaly, then to keep the Turks out of Europe, gave them opportunity to settle themselves, and extend their Dominions; he died An. 1341, in the 45th year of his Age. Gregoras, Cantacu∣zenus.
• Andronicus Paleologus, Son of the Emperor Calo Johannes, being accus'd to his Father for conspiring his death, was seiz'd by his order, and his Eyes put out with boyling Vi∣negar; yet, blind as he was, he fled to Bajazet, by whose aid he dethron'd his Father, put both him and his Brother Manuel in Prison, and was Proclaimed Emperor: But then Manuel escaping, and making a contract with Bajazet, to hold the Empire of him as his Tributary, Bajazet sent him assistance to expel his Brother, and set the Imperial Diadem upon his Head. Moreri says, that Andronicus restor'd his Father to his Honour, and suffered his Brother to be Crown'd.
• Andronicus of Rhodes, a Peripatetic Philosopher, pur∣chased Aristotle's Works (which Sylla had caried to Rome) from Tyrannion, Sylla's Library-keeper; made it his business to review 'em, and correct the faults which had happened by length of time and carelesness, and then publish'd them. Porphyrius.
• Andropompus, King of Athens descended from Neleus King of Thessaly, who accepting the Challenge of the King of Thebes, refus'd by Timoetes King of Athens, to end the War by a Single Duel, met his Antagonist at the place appointed, and alledging that he had broke the Agreement by bringing a Second with him, kill'd the Theban King, as looking about to see who this Second should be; for which the Athenians elected him, and deposed Timoetes, An. M. 2875. Strabo.

• * Andros, Andro, an Island in the Aegean Sea, one of the Cyclades, with an Episcopal City, formerly under the Abp of Athens, 93 miles in compass, 10 miles from the Promontory of Geresto in Euboea, and 20 from the Island of Delos. Here was formerly a Temple of Bacchus, the Water of whose Foun∣tains was by the Ancients alledged to taste of Wine each 7th of January. Plin.
• Anduze, Lat. Andusa, Sur le Gardon, a City of France in Low Languedoc, formerly a strong Town, and one of those that declar'd for the Protestants under the Duke of Rohan; but at length surrendred to Lewis XIII. who dismantled it.
• Anenas, an Island of Norway, upon the South Coast of Finmarck, near the Islands of Vestrol, and Samien, and in the midst between Nidrosia and Wardhouse.
• Aner, Upon the River Eure, a Town in the Island of France, dignified with the Title of Principality belonging to the Duke of Vendosm; The Castle is very magnificent, built in the Reign of Hen. II. in favour of Diana de Poitiers, Dutchess of Valentinois. The Portal is a most admirable structure, over which there stands a large Clock, and a Hart of Brass, that with his Foot strikes the Hours; and a little before the Clock strikes, a Pack of Beagles of the same Met∣tal are seen to move. The Gardens and Apartments of the Castle are also admirable.
• Angamala, upon the River Alcotta a small City of India, an Episcopal See which was translated to Cranganor by Paul 5. in 1609. It is seated in the Country of Malabar, and there, and in the parts adjoyning, live the Christians of St. Thomas. Le Mire.
• Angediva, a little Island of the East-Indies, in the King∣dom of Decan, subject to the Portuguese, who had a Town there, which is now demolish'd.
• Angelici, a sort of Hereticks supposed to have their rise in the Apostles time; but grew most about An. 180. They were for worshipping of Angels, and thence had their name. Rosse. View &c.
• Angeles, Angelopolis, an Episcopal City of New-Spain, built An. 1531. in the Province of Tlascala, 22 Spanish Leagues from the City of Mexico. Hossm.
• * Angermannia, Anger-man-land, a Province of Suedeland, where is also the River Algermannus, and one only City Hernosandt upon the Bothnic Bay. To the North it has Bothnie, to the East the Bay of Bothnic, to the South Midelsadia, and to the West part of it Lapland. Hoffm.
• * Angermund, a Town of Livonia, in the Dukedom of Curland, upon the shoar of the Baltic Sea, two Leagues from Wenden to the North.
• * Angermund New, a little City of Germany, in the Marqui∣sate of Brandenburg, toward Pomerania, upon the River W••lse, defac'd in the last Wars, hardly one League from the River Oder, two from Aderburg to the North, and six from Stettin to the South.
• Angerona the Goddess of Silence, Worship'd by the An∣cient Romans, who placed her Image under the Altar of the Goddess of pleasure, to signifie the satisfaction that Men reap by the benefits of Silence. Plut. Plin.
• Angers, Lat. Juliomagus Andicavorum, Andegavorum and Andium, Andegava and Andegavum, in Caesar Andes, a fair, large, and populous City, Capital of the Province of Anjou in France, scituate in a pleasant open Country, and rich Soil, upon the River Mayenne, which divides it into two parts, is a Bishops See, suffragan to the Abps of Tours. Here are still to be seen several Remains of its Ancient Grandeur under the Romans; Its Cathedral built upon a height is very remakable for its three stately Towers, over the Portal whereof, the middlemost, upheld by the two others, seems to hang in the Air: Besides these, there are several other Churches and Re∣ligious Houses of both Sexes well worth the seeing. Not far from the Cathedral stands a Castle, Flank'd with 18 great Round Towers, and some Half-moons; its built upon a Rock, encompassed with a large and deep Ditch; yet it was taken by the Protestants in 1585. The famous University of Angers, founded by Lewis 11, in 1398, is still much resorted to for Law and Divinity, also for Philosophy and Mathematicks, taught by the Fathers of the Oratory. The City is noted for its Procession on Corpus Christi day, thought the finest in all France; so that its commonly said, the Rogations of Poitiers, the Mayory of Rochelle, and Procession of Angers, are the finest sights that can be seen. In 1665 some Members of the University, and Learned Citizens, desirous to advance themselves in Sciences, Petition'd Lewis XIV. for a Patent for their Academy, which being granted, they limited the num∣ber of the Members to 30, and since have obtain'd the same Privileges with the Royal Academy of Paris, but they are not to debate Matters of Religion, treat of Politicks, nor judge of any works but their own: If any be sent 'em from other hands, they give their opinion, but neither censure nor praise it. Their Officers are a Director, a Chancellor, a Secretary, and under Secretary; This City is 26 Leagues West of Tours, and within one Mile of the Loire, which here has a Bridge over it call'd to this day Pont Ce, because built by Cesar: It is also fam'd upon the account of Berengarius who was Archdeacon here. Sancte Marthe, Du Chesne.
• * Angervile, Richard, a Knight's Son, born at Bury in Suffolk, bred at Oxford, and because of his Learning, made Governour to Edward 3d before he came to the Crown, by whom he was afterwards advanc'd to be successively his Cofferer, Treasurer of the Wardrobe, Dean of Wells, Bp. of Durham, Chancellor, and at last Treasurer of England: He was a great Lover of Books, insomuch that he alone had more Books than all the Bishops of England in that Age, and chose the learnedest of the Clergy for his Chaplains; but Charity was the Virtue he most excell'd in. Every week he bestowed eight Quarters of Wheat, bak'd into Bread, on the Poor; and when he went from Durham to New-castle (which is but 12 miles) he gave 8 l. to the Poor, and so proportion∣ably when he went to other places. He died in 1345.
• * Angles, so call'd from Anglen, a place near Sleswick in Holstein, the Inhabitants whereof, and of the adjacent parts, came over with the Saxons, and joyn'd with 'em in such multitudes, that their native Soil is said to have remain'd in the days of Beda uninhabited; of which Nation probably was Egbert, the 1st sole Monarch of the Saxons, who caus'd the Kingdom to be call'd England, quasi Anglesland, from whence came the name of English.
• * Anglesey, in Lat. Mona, an Island and County of North-Wales, call'd by the Britains, Mon, or Firmon, and by the Ancient English Saxons, Money; but since it became subject to the English. Anglesey the English-mens Islands (Ey in the Saxon Language signifying an Island) 'tis scituate in the Irish Sea, within a Mile of Carnarvanshire, from which it's parted to the North-west by a narrow streight call'd Menai, it's 20 Miles long and 17 broad, the whole divided into six Hundreds, wherein are 74 Parishes, and but two Market-Towns. This is a Country seemingly barren and really fruitful, affording so much Wheat, that it's call'd the Mo∣ther of Wales; and such excellent Millstones, that when once in motion, if there be no Grist, they will fire one ano∣ther. Here is also found an Aluminous Earth, whence may be made Allum or Copperas. There are Trees digg'd up daily here out of the moist and moorish places. The Market-Towns are Beaumaris and Newburg, the 1st sending a Bur∣gess to serve in Parliament, besides the Knight of the Shire.
• Angola, a Kingdom in Africa, to the South of C••ngo; This Kingdom is reckon'd to comprehend eight Principal Provinces, every one of which is divided into small Seignio∣ries. The Provinces are Lovanda, Sinso, Ilamba, Icollo, Onsaca, Massingan, Cambamba and Embacca: The Country is become very fruitful by good Manuring; and the Lands of Lovanda, which were barren, are made fertile by the Industry of the Portugueses, who make no Spare of the pains of the Natives: They have also peopled the Banks of the River, and Planted 'em with Oranges, Citrons, Pomegranates, and Vines, and have made another New-Spain of the Province of Ilamba. There is a certain Creature bred in this Island, by the Ne∣groes call'd Quojas Morrou; by the Portugues••s, Salvage, which may be esteem'd a kind of Satyr; It has a large Head, and a Face something resembling that of a Man; but the Nose is flat, and turns up towards the Eyes: The rest of the body is very like to that of a Man; Their foreparts are bare, but their Backs hairy and black: This Creature is very strong, vigo∣rous and active; stands upright, and often walks on his two hind Leggs. The Female has a Breast, Nipples, and Belly, like to that of a Woman. About 40 years since, one of the Females was brought into Holland, and presented to Prince Frederic Henry; it was about the bigness of a Child of three years old, and somewhat fat; yet nimble and vigorous: It eat and drank very cleanlily, and lay in Bed as if it had been a humane Creature. The Negroes say, That the Males resist Armed Men, are very strong; and many times Ravish Women. There is another sort of Water-Monster, which the Natives call Ambissiangulo, and Pesiengoni; the Portugals Pezze-Mouller, and the Seamen Sirene. It is about eight Foot long, and four in breadth, with an oval Head and Eyes, a high Forehead, flat Nose, wide Mouth; but without either Chin or Ears: These Creatures the Portugueses take in Ginns, and when they are fast in the snare kill 'em with Darts; du∣ring which time they cry out like Men: Their flesh hath both the smell and savour of Pork. The greatest Trade which the Portugueses drive in Angola consists in Slaves, which they buy and send into America, 15000 in a year, to work at their Sugar-Mills, and in their Mines. The principal Com∣modities which they import are Woollen Stuffs, Silks, Lin∣nen, Gold and Silver Laces, Wine, Brandy, Oyl and Spice. The Inhabitants use Bows and Arrows, with a kind of long Pike, and have of late learn'd to handle a Battel-Axe and Scimeter, but do not yet know the use of Fire Arms: Their King can raise an Army of 200000 Foot, but they prove sorry Soldiers, as well as the Congois; for 200 Portugueses, with some Negro's, have often worsted their numerous Ar∣mies. The Kingdom of Angola was formerly divided into several large Seigniories, and each Sova or Lord was Sove∣raign within his own Territories; yet all acknowledged the K. of Congo, and pay'd him homage as their Protector. The K. of Angola keeps his Court in a Village built upon a very high Rock call'd Mapongo, inaccessible of all but one side,

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• though above two Leagues in Circuit. This Prince breeds a great number of Peacocks, and forbids his Subjects, upon pain of death, either to keep any, or do his the least damage. Most of the Inhabitants of Angola are still Idolaters, and adore Moquisies, or false Deities of Wood, to which they build Temples. The Ganga's or Priests are held in great veneration, because they pretend that by vertue of these Moquisies they can even open the Heavens, and make Rain fall at pleasure, discover the greatest secrets, and foretell things to come; but if they ever perform any extraordinary matter, it's by some secret in Physick, or by certain Charms, for they are all Magicians. The Jesuits in 1584 Baptiz'd a great number of the Natives; so that in 1590 there were above 20000 Christian Angolais. The Bishop of Angola re∣sides at Louando san Paulo. Dapper description de l' Afrique.
• * Angor, a Kingdom or Province in the middle of Ethio∣pia, environ'd with steep and impassable Mountains, resem∣bling an Amphitheater, in which are kept all the Children of the Royal Family till one of them is called to the Throne. On the North it is bounded by the Kingdom of Tigre, and on the South by that of Amarha; it has fruitful Valleys, and plenty of Corn and Cattel.
• Angouleme, or Engouleme a Town of France, upon the River Charante, Capital of Angoumois, with Title of a Dutchy, Presidial, Seneschalship, and Bishops See suffra∣gant to Bourdeaux, the Ancients nam'd it promiscuously Engolisma, Ecol••sma, Aequolesma, &c. It's one of the An∣cientest Towns of the Kingdom, scituate on the top of a Mountain, at the corner of a great Plain, between the Ri∣vers Charante and Anguienne, which meet at one end of it. It's inaccessible on all sides but one, and that very well for∣tified, as is also the Castle; but the Citadel is almost ruin'd. T••evet says, That it was built by Agellius Marius a Roman Consul in Tarquin the Proud's time; but this is uncertain. French Historians say, That the Walls of it fell of their own accord, when K. Clovis took it from the Goths, An. 508. It suffer'd much in the IXth Century by the Normans; but more in the last Civil Wars.
• Ango••mois, a Province of Aquitain in France, between Poitou, X••intonge, Perigord, and Limosin; It's 25 Leagues in length, and but 16 or 18 broad: It is very fruitful in Corn, Wine, Saffron, and has excellent Pasture. Besides Angou∣l••me the chief Town, here are several others of Note, as Cognac, Bout••ville, Roche-Foucault, with many more. This Province is watered with the Charante and three other Rivers. The Inhabitants are Civil, Courteous, and good Wits. Du Chesne.
• * Angra, a City of the Island of Tercera, one of the Azor••s, an Episcopal See under the Abp. of Lisbonne, and the Metropolis of all the Islands under the K. of Portugal, a small City, but well fortified with a large Castle bearing the name of St. Philip.
• * Angria, Angern, and Encern, a Town of Westphalia, where Heng••st and Horsus were born, and the burial place of Duke Witikindus, the famous Saxon Warrior with whom Charl••maign sought so long: It is one League from Hervor∣den, and eight from Munster.
• Anguien, call'd Enguien by those of the Low-Countries, is a little Town in Hainault, between Mons and Bruxelles, noted for being the 1st Barony of the Province, and for its Manu∣factories of all sorts of Tapestries: It gives title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon.
• * Anguilla, Anguis Insula, one of the Leeward or Caribby Islands belonging to England, call'd Anguilla, or Snake-Island from its shape; It's in the Latitude of 18 Degrees and 21 Minutes on this side the Equinoctial, 33 Longitude, reach∣ing about 10 Leagues in length, and 3 in breadth. To∣bacco is its principal Commodity; there is also abundance of tame Cattel since the Europaeans stock'd it, whereas for∣merly none were to be found in those parts, but instead of of 'em, strange kind of Creatures, as the Javaris, Opassum, Tatous, Aganty, and Allegators.
• Anguillara, a Town and Lake belonging to the State of Venice, in the Territory of Padua, near the River Adige, eight miles from Rocuigo to the North, and 15 from Padua to the South.
• Anguillara, a Town of St. Peter's Patrimony under the Jurisdiction of the Pope, upon the Lake Bracciano, or Sabba∣tinum, five miles from Bracciano and eighteen from Rome. The Lake Bracciano is also call'd Anquilaria; and at the ex∣pence of Adrian 1st, was brought to the Vatican for the Ser∣vice of the Priests, to wash the Poors Feet at Easter.
• * Angus, Lat. Angusia, anciently Aeneia, or Horrestia, a County in the East of Scotland, bounded by the River Tay on the South, and North-Esk on the North; It was famous of old for giving Title of Earl to a branch of the Great Family of the Douglas, many of whom were not only Illustrious Generals, but Heroes: It now gives Title of Earl to the eldest Sons of the Marquis of Douglas, the last of whom was the much lamented Earl of Angus, a young Nobleman of great expectation, unfortunately kill'd in the famous Battel of Steenkirk in Flanders, An. 1692. whilst signalizing himself under K. William's Standard against the French, at the head of his Regiment, so well known for the stupendious Victory they obtain'd against the Rebels at Dunkell in Scotland, un∣der the Conduct of their Gallant and Valiant Commanders. Lieut. Col. William Cleland, and Major H••nderson, who both fell in the Action, An. 1689.
• Anhalt, a Principality of Germany, in Upper Saxony, with a little City of the same name, almost utterly ruin'd; It is bounded by Saxony on the E. Halberstadt on the W. Magde∣burgh on the N. and Mansfieldt and the County of Hall on the S. The House of Anhalt is one of the most ancient, not only of all Germany, but also of all Europe. From this Family are sprung those of Brandenburg and Saxony. Bertius descrip. Germ.
• Anhalt, George, a Prince of that Family, born Aug. 14. 1507. he was a great Linguist, Lawyer and Divine, and Privy-Counsellor to the Elector of Mentz, and Provost of Mag∣deburg; at last he turn'd Protestant Minister, a very success∣ful Preacher, was made superindent of their Churches in the Diocess of Magdeburg, obtain'd great fame, wrote divers Books, and died An. 1553. Surius. Melchior Adam.
• Anian, a famous Streight which the Spaniards call Estrecho d' Anian, between the Island of California and Terra de Jesso: It's thought to lye N. of China and Japan, and to separate Asia from America; but of this there is no certainty.
• Aniava, by the Natives Aniwa, a famous Promontory in the Land of Jezo, North of Japan, discover'd of late by the Hollanders.
• Anicetus, Bp. of Rome, succeeded St. Pius, as some say; and others, that Pius succeeded him; he forbad Clergymen to wear long Hair, and after he had sat 11 years, was Mar∣tyr'd about 178. The Sect of the Gnosticks, with some others that troubled the Church, came to Rome in his time; St. Polycarp came also thither about the celebrating of Easter, but they could not agree; Polycarpus maintaining, that it should be upon the 14th of March, according to the Custom of the East, and Anicetus holding with the Western Church, that the following Sunday was the time. Baro. A. C. 167. and Platina.
• * Anicetus, Nero's enfranchiz'd Bondman, Admiral, and Tutor, who contriv'd the Ship design'd for the murther of Agrippina, N••ro's Mother; and accus'd Octavia, Nero's Wife, of Adultery with himself, to gratify his Master, who sought occasion to be rid of the one, and to divorce the other. Hoff.
• Anicius Probus, Captain of the Pretorian Bands, and Con∣sul, was in great request at Rome with Gratian the Emperor about 371. He was a Man of singular vertues, famous through the World for his Piety, and the Richest Citizen of Rome; when he sent St. Ambrose to be Governor of Insubria, Liguria and Emilia, he admonish'd him to Govern as a Bp. and not as a Judge. He at last retired from all his publick Affairs, to spend his time in Devotion. Zosimus.
• Anigrus, or Anicre, a River of Elis in Peloponesus, where the Poets fain that the Centaurs encounter'd by Hercules wash'd their wounds, which made the water bitter and mud∣dy, that before was clear and sweet. Vind.
• Anileus, and Asmeus, two Jews, who, of private Men, became very powerful; they were Brothers, and liv'd at Neerda near Babylon, where their Father dying, their Mother bound 'em to a Trade: Being beat by their Master for com∣ing late to work, they took Arms, and retir'd into an Island of the Euphrates, where they built a Fort; the great number of young Men that flock'd thither, put 'em in a condition to raise contributions on their Neighbours; and their number encreasing dayly, they grew formidable to the whole Coun∣try. Artaban K. of Parthia sent Troops to fight 'em, which they met and defeated; whereupon that Prince was so taken with their resolution, that he desir'd to see the two Brothers, whom he entertain'd, and dismiss'd very kindly. Thus they prosper'd 15 years, until they abandon'd themselves to plea∣sures, and neglected the Laws of their Ancestors; Anileus fell passionately in Love with the Wife of the Governor of Parthia, and to enjoy her, made War against her Husband, kill'd him in Battel, and then Married her, who afterwards poi∣son'd him. Asineus after this entred the Country of the Par∣thians, and won several Battels against Mithridates; but was defeated at last, and murther'd in the Night by the Babylo∣nians. Joseph. L. 18. ant Jud.
• Anjou, a Province of France divided into higher and lower, formerly a County, and now a Dutchy. The Ancient In∣habitants are call'd by Ptolomee, Pliny, and Cesar, Andes, and Andegavi, it has the Country of Maine to the North, Britany to the West, Touraine to the East, and Poitou to the South: It's length is 30, and breadth 20 Leagues; it's extraordinary fruitful, produces pleasant and wholesome Wines, and a∣bounds in fine Rivers, as the Loire, the Mayenne, Dive, Eure, &c. rich Fish-ponds, and excellent Slate-Quarries. Angers is Capital of the whole, and lies in the Lower, as Saumur in the Upper Province. The old Inhabitants were govern'd by Captains of their own, and then subdued by the Romans. It's Counts furnish'd the 3d Race of Kings to the French, and the Plantagenets to the English, and is now united to the Crown of France since Lewis XI. and gives Title to a Prince of the Blood. Du Chesne, Du Haillan. Hen. II. of England was hereditary E. of Anjou by his Father; but it was lost by his Son K. John.
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• Animacha, a River of India, in the Kingdom of Malabar, which rising in the Kingdom of Calicut, throws it self into the Ocean, six Leagues to the North of Cranganor.
• Anius, K. of Delos, and High Priest of Apollo, had three Daughters so much in Bacchus's favour, that he gave them the power of changing whatever they touch'd into Corn, Oil, and Wine; Agamemnon therefore would have taken 'em with him by force to the Graecian Army: But they com∣plain'd to their Patron Bacchus who metamorphoz'd 'em into Pigeons. Ovid. * The great store of Corn, Wine and Oil ex∣acted by Apollo's Priest, by the instigation of the Devil, to imitate the Sacrifice and Offerings of the true God, gave occasion to the Fable. Hoffman.
• Anna, a City of Arabia deserta, upon the River Euphrates, of great Trade, and very populous, until the Turks destroyed above 4000 Houses in it during their last Wars.
• Annaberg, Annaberga, a small Town of Germany, in the Province of Misnia, upon the Hill Segneberg, towards Bohe∣mia, near the River Schop, nine German miles from Marpen to the South, and one from Marienberg.
• * Anna Comnena, Daughter to Alexis Emperor of Constantino∣ple, flourish'd Anno 1118. solacing her self after her Mother and Husbands death by Reading, she became extraordinary Learned; she wrote the History of her Father's Reign in 15 Books called Alexiada. Zonaras commends her as a Woman of a great Soul, indefatigable Study, excellent Wit, elegant Stile, great Converse with the Learned, and acquainted with the most abstruse parts of Learning. Cave. Hist. Liter.
• Anna Xinga, the eldest Daughter of the K. of Angola, seiz'd the Kingdom after her Father's death in 1640. being a Princess of Masculine Spirit, she made War her diversion, assuming the Name and Apparel of a Man, that she might Command with more Authority; she had some skirmishes with the Portugueses, and afterwards turn'd her Arms against the Jagos, whom she defeated in several Battels, and in 1646. sack'd all the Villages of the Province of Oando, and carried the Inhabitants Captives.
• Annaacious, Lat. Annacieugi, a people of Brasil in Ame∣rica, whose Country borders on the Government of Porto Se∣guro.
• * Annagh, a Town of the County of Cavan in the Pro∣vince of Ulster, and another of the County of Down in Ireland.
• Anne, Mother of the Virgin Mary, was the Daughter of Matthan, a Priest of Bethleem, of the Tribe of Aaron, she was Married to Joachim, and after 20 or 22 years barrenness, bore Mary the 8th of September, in the 739th of Rome. Some great Authors are of opinion, that St. Anne had three Daugh∣ters by Joachim, others, with Gerson, say, she had 'em by three several Husbands. This Opinion they confirm by St. John, Cap. 19.25. mentioning that the Mother of Jesus, her Sister Mary Wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalen, stood near the Cross. Yet Baronius and other modern Authors assert, that these pretended Daughters were Anne's Sisters, saying, That she did not Marry after she bore the Virgin Mary, and answer the words of St. John thus, That in Scripture near Kinsfolks are often term'd Brothers and Sisters.
• Anne, Wife of Elcana a Levite, took her barrenness so much to heart, that she wept continually. One day in the Tabernacle she pray'd to God earnestly that she might be∣come a Mother, vowing, that if he did bless her with a Son, she would consecrate him to his Service; God heard her Prayers, and A. M. 2900. she bore Samuel, whose name sig∣nifies Beg'd of God. Anne to fulfill her Vow, committed the Child to Eli the High Priest; she had other Sons, and three Daughters. 1 Samuel. Joseph. Lib. 5. Antiq. Jud. c. 11.
• Anne the Prophetess, Daughter of Penuel, being a Widow, after seven years Marriage, pass'd the rest of her days in Fasting and Prayer in the Temple, and joyn'd with Simeon in publick praise that day, when our Saviour was 1st presented there, and having receiv'd the consolation of seeing him, died a little after in the 84 of her Age, and 1st of Christ, Luke 2.36.
• Anne, Sister of Pygmalion the K. of Tyre, who using her hard, she retir'd 1st to Carthage with her Sister Dido, and after her death to Battus K. of Maltha, and thence into Italy, where, after many Adventures, she drown'd her self in the River Numicus, to shun the anger of Lavinia, Wife of Aeneas; but she appear'd to him afterwards, and told him she had taken the name of Anna Perennis, by which she was wor∣ship'd among the Romans, who solemniz'd her Feast in the Ides of March with debauchery and hard Drinking, believing that this Nymph would add as many years to their Life, as they took Glasses to her Honour; others say, they drank as many Glasses as their Mistresses name contain'd Letters. Mar∣tial alludes to this in these Verses:

  Naenia Sex Cyathis, septem Justina bibatur Quinque Gycas, Lyde quatuor, Ida tribus.

• Anne, Dutchess of Britany, Daughter and Heiress of Duke Francis 2d, was born in 1476. and promis'd in Marriage to Maximilian of Austria; but the Duke her Father dying soon after the loss of the Battel of St. Aubin, she was Married to Charles VIII. of France, who thereupon sent away Margaret of Austria, Daughter of Maximilian aforesaid (to whom he was contracted) who highly resented this double affront. Queen Anne was a vertuous Princess, she govern'd France with great prudence, during her Husbands Voyage into Italy, to Conquer the Kingdom of Naples. Being left ae Widow in 1498. Lewis the 12th, who succeeded her Hus∣band, declaring his Marriage with Joan, Lewis 11th's Daugh∣ter Nul, Married her with whom he had been in Love, when Duke of Orleans, before her 1st Marriage. He left the Revenues of Britany to her own disposal, which she be∣stow'd generously on his good Officers and Servants, she died in 1514. Brantome vie des Dames Illustres.
• Anne of Hungary, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Daugh∣ter to Ladislaus 6th K. of Hungary, &c. was Married to Fer∣dinand of Austria, Brother to Charles the 5th, and succeeded her Father as Heir of both the Kingdoms, in vertue whereof Ferdinand was Crown'd at Albe in 1527. This occasion'd cruel Wars in Hungary; for John de Zapol Count of Scepus and Vaivode of Transilvania, being also declar'd K. by some Malecontents, and unable to cope with Ferdinand, put himself under the Protection of Soliman Emperor of the Turks, who march'd with a powerful Army through Hungary, and sate down be∣fore Vienna in 1529. This Princess bore all these rubs of Fortune with great patience, and died of her 15th Child in 1547. Thuan. Marian, &c.
• * Anne 3d Daughter of K. Charles 1st, was born at St. James's, March 17. 1637. she was a pregnant Lady above her Age, and died when not full four years old; being minded by those about her to call upon God, when the pangs of death were upon her, I am not able, says she, to say my long Prayer, meaning the Lord's Prayer, but I will say my short one, which was, Lighten my eyes, O Lord, lest I sleep the sleep of death. This done she gave up the Ghost.
• Anneau, a Town of Chartres in la Beause in France, made famous by the defeat of a formidable Army of Germans, by Henry Duke of Guise in 1587.
• Annebaut Claude, Baron of Rets, Commandant of the Order of St. Michael, Mareschal and Admiral of France, sig∣naliz'd himself in defence of Mezieres An. 1521. against the Count of Nassaw; was taken at the Battel of Pavia, de∣fended Turin afterwards against the Imperialists, took Queiras, Saluces, and other Towns in Piedmont, was taken Prisoner again near Perouane, An. 1537. sent Ambassador Extraordi∣nary to Venice An. 1543. defeated the English thrice at Sea, two years after, and managed the Treaty of Peace betwixt the Imperialists, England and France; he was chief Minister to Francis I. during Montmorency's disgrace, but discourted by Henry 2d, he was a person of extraordinary probity, and without all Avarice. Thuanus. Mezeray.
• Annecy, in Lat. Annecium, a pretty large Town of Savoy, at the foot of the Mountains of Saymenoz, a Lake of the same name, six Leagues S. of Geneva, and reckoned formerly the Capital of that Dutchy: The Lake is unfathomably de••p, four Leagues long, and half a League broad, and gives rise to the River Tioud. This Town is the residence of the Titu∣lar Bishops of Geneve, hath several Churches and Monasteries, and the Houses are all built upon Arches, which with the several small Channels that run from the Lake, render it ae fine and pleasant place. Baudrand.
• * Annesley, James Earl of Anglesey in North Wales, is Son of Arthur Annesley, the 1st who brought this Title into his Fa∣mily. Being Lord Mount Morris, and Viscount Valencia in Ireland, was in the year 1661. created by the late K. Charles, Earl of Anglesey, in recompence of his good and Faithful Service, to the hazard both of his Life and Fortune; this Noble Family is descended by the Father from the Ancient and Honourable Family of Annesley in Nottinghamshire, and by Mother, from the Philips of Piston Castle in Pembrookshire. The said Arthur was Lord Privy Seal most part of K. Charles's Reign; but at last discourted, because of his disagreement with the late D. of Ormond, and opposition to the course of the Times; died in the late K. James's Time, being esteem∣ed a person of very great Learning and Parts: He was suc∣ceeded in his Estate and Title by his Son and Heir, James the present Earl of Anglesey, wedded to Elizabeth, Daughter to the Earl of Rutland, by whom he has several Children. Dugdale.
• * Annianus, an Egyptian Monk obout the year 431. he writ a Chronology, wherein he imitates Eusebius; but often ac∣cuses him of Error. Cave. Hist. Liter.
• * Annianus of Campania, Deacon of Celedon, Amanuensis to Pelagius, a great Champion of that Heresy; he flourish'd Anno 415. wrote against St. Jerom, and Translated St. Chry∣sostom's Homilies. Cave, Hist. Lit.
• Annius de Viterbe, John, a Dominican Fryar, and Master of the sacred Palace, a good Linguist and Antiquary; but a far greater Impostor, as appears by the several false Pieces, and forg'd Treatises, which he would have impos'd upon the World as real. Antonius Augustinus, in his Xth Dialogue says, That he got some inscriptions ingraved which he after∣wards hid in Meadows and Vineyards, and took care that they should be found after some time, and then carry 'em in 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• bloody War between Antigonus and Ptolomy, assisted by Cas∣sander, but Antigonus by the help of his Son Demetrius made good his Party, and having defeated Ptolomy in a Signal Bat∣tel, for joy thereof he built the City of Antigonia upon the spot, An. 448 of Rome; after which Cassander, Seleucus, and Lysimachus, united against him with 75000 Foot, 10000 Horse, 6000 Chariots, and 67 Elephants. Antigonus joining with Pyrrhus King of Epirus, oppos'd them with 70000 Foot, 10000 Horse, and 75 Elephants, but lost the Battle and his Life near Ephesus in the 80th year of his Age, and 453 of Rome. It's said of this Antigonus, that seeing his Soldiers playing at Tenis in their Armour, he sent for the Officers to divert himself with 'em, but finding that they sotted away their time in Taverns, he took their Commissions, and gave 'em to the Common Soldiers. To one that wonder'd at his mildness in his old Age, seeing he was so very severe when young, he answer'd, That mildness is the surest way of preserving what was got by force. To a Poet that call'd him Divine, says he, My Valet de Chambre that empties my Close Stool can inform you to the contrary. He told one of his Sons, a Proud young Man, that to be a K. was but to be a Royal Slave, and that if he knew the weight of a Crown he would have a care how he put it on his Head.
• Antigonus, King of the Jews, and Son of Aristobulus II. who being defeated by Herod, and forsaken of all the World, enter'd into an Alliance with the King of the Parthians, who upon the promise of 1000 Talents, and 500 Women, sent him a considerable Army under the command of his Son Pachorus and Barzaphenez, with whose assistance he be∣sieg'd Jerusalem, cut off his Uncle Hircanus's Ears to make him incapable of the High Priesthood, defeated Josephus the Brother of Herod, and having taken him Prisoner, cut off his Head. But at length being routed and taken by the Romans under Sosius that assisted Herod, he was sent to Marc Anthony, who to gratifie Herod, from whom he had receiv'd a Sum, cut of his Head, and put an end to the Asmonean Family, which had Reign'd 126 years. This happen'd 36 before Christ. Jos. L. 14. and 15. Ant. Jud.
• Antigonus I. Son of Demetrius Polyorketes, was K. of Mace∣don after the death of Sosthenes, he was defeated by the Gauls under Brennus, who took his Camp, and afterwards expell'd his Kingdom by Pyrrhus; upon the death of his Enemy he recovered it again, and left it to his Son Demetrius, after 36 years Reign. Usher, An. Justin.
• Antigonus II. K. of Macedon, defeated Cleomenes K. of the Lacedemonians, An. 532. and taking Sparta, forc'd him to fly into Egypt next year; he vanquish'd the Illyrians, and after many other Victories died in the 12th year of his Reign. Usher. Justin.
• Antilebanon, a Mountain of Syria over-against Mount Lebanon, there being a very fruitful Valley between 'em, some Authors say, that there was formerly a Wall which reach'd from the one to the other. It is now inhabited by the Druses, who are Christians, their chief Burrough is Albano. Strabo. Josephus, Petro de la valle.
• Antilles, several Islands that lie between the Continent of Am••rica Meridionalis, and the Eastern Coast of St. John Porto Rico. Columbus was the first that discover'd them in 1492; there are 28 of 'em considerable, which our Modern Geographers place in the Northern Sea, between Florida, New-Spain, and Southern America; they are all very fertil; the Air is tem∣perate the hottest Seasons, never exceeding the heat of July in France, they are never troubled with Cold, and do not know what Ice is. The Trees are always green, and bear ex∣cellent Fruit. These Islands are Peopled with 4 different Nations, viz. the Cannibals, which are the Natives, the French, the English, and Dutch, who establish'd 'emselves here in 1625. The French are Masters of Desiderade, Grenade, Guadeloupe, Marigalante, Martinique, St. Croix, St. Alouze, St. Bartholomy, St. Christophle is partly theirs, and the English have the other part of it, and are Masters of Anguila, Antegra, Barbadoes, Barmudas, Monserrat, and Mevis. The Dutch possess Saba, St. Eustache, and Walkeren. The Canni∣bals are Masters of Bekia, la Dominique, and St. Vincent. There are 3 or 4 other small Islands that are not inhabited at all. St. Thomas belongs to the Danes, Trinidad and La Margrite to the Spaniards.
• Antimachus, an Ionian who wrote a large Poem upon the Theban War; all the Greek Grammarians esteemed him next to Homer, and he was preferr'd before him by the Emperor Adrian. Vossius.
• * Antinomians, Hereticks so call'd for rejecting the Law as a thing of no use under the Gospel; They say that Good Works do not further, nor Evil Works hinder Salvation; That the Child of God cannot sin, that God never Chastiseth them, nor punisheth any Land for their Sin; That Murder, Adultery, Drunkenness, &c. are Sins in the Wicked, but not in them; and therefore Abraham's Lying and Dissembling was no Sin; That the Child of Grace being once Assured of Salvation, never doubteth afterward, that no Man should be troubled in Conscience for Sin; That no Christian should be exhorted to perform the Duties of Christianity; That an Hypocrite may have all the Graces which were in Adam be∣fore his Fall; That Christ is the only Subject of all Grace, that no Christian Believeth or Worketh any Good, but Christ only Believeth and Worketh; That God doth not love any Man for his Holiness; That Sanctification is no Evidence of Justification, &c. Pontanus, in his Catalogue of Heresies, says John Agricola, was the Author of this Sect. An. 1535.
• Antinoe, Antios, and Antinopolis, a City of Egypt, and Bishops See under the Archbishop of Thebes; it was formerly call'd Adrianople, because rebuilt by the Emperor Adrian, and at times very considerable. It is now entirely demolish'd and it's Ruines are to be seen within 10 Leagues of the Nile. Paladius speaks of it as having been so populous in his time, that it had 12 Nunneries, Hist. Tripartit. Palad. His. Laus. * This Town had it's name from Antinous, a Youth so passio∣nately belov'd by the Emperor Adrian, that being drown'd in the Nile, he lamented him with as much tenderness as a Woman would her Husband, which occasioned different Discourses, some attributing it to the Fidelity of Antinous, others to the Emperors Criminal Amour, who order'd the Greeks to Consecrate him, and build him a Temple and Altar, whence he pretended that Antinous gave Oracles, tho' he him∣self compos'd 'em. He also commanded Sacrifices to him, and Honour'd him as a God, alledging sometimes, that he was chang'd into a Star, and at others into a Flower, so that the Christians had reason to upbraid the Greeks with this Idolatry. Spartian in Adria. Tertullian, Origen, Eusebius.
• Antiochia now Antachia, once call'd the Great, and esteem'd the 3d City of the World. It is the Capital of Syria, and has the Title of a Patriarchate, situated partly upon a Hill, and partly in a Plain, divided by the River Orontes, in Scrip∣ture call'd Pharpar. It has been often destroy'd by Fire and Earthquakes, and as often rebuilt by the Roman Emperors, who admir'd it's Situation. The Saracens who had subdu'd all Syria took it An. 637 or 38, in Heraclius's Reign, but be∣ing retaken from 'em again by Nicephorus Phocas in 966, the Saracens besieg'd it again with 100000 Men, and took it in 970, fortifying it so, that it was thought impregnable. Yet the Christians under Godfrey of Bouillon besieged it in 1097, and after a long and bloody Siege took it on the 3d of June 1098. The Saracens after many Attacks carried it again on the 29th of May 1268, under Conduct of the Sultan of Egypt, who demolish'd it. Since that time it has lost its Re∣putation and Grandeur, there being now scarcely any thing standing but the Walls, which in 1594 had 360 Turrets upon 'em. Strabo. Pliny. It was in this City about An. 41, that the Disciples were first call'd Christians; and Popish Authors say, that St. Peter made it a Patriarchal See in his own Per∣son, An. Chr. 38. and was succeeded by St. Evadus, St. Igna∣tius, and above 70 more, of whom they give a Catalogue, besides many others of whose names they profess Ignorance; and add, that several of those in the said Catalogue, which they bring down to the year 1242, were intruded by Ari∣ans and others, and that the Saracens having taken the City about the 7th Age there was a long Vacancy; but the fa∣mous Calvin says, Instit. l. 4. c. 4. Sect. 4. that Patriarchs were first constituted by the Council of Nice; and though the Scriptures speak of St. Peter's being at Antioch, they are silent as to the Patriarchate. This Church was infested by the Arians in the 4th Century, who occasion'd the Exile of their Patriarch Eustathius, whereupon the People were about taking Arms in his Defence, but forbore because the Empe∣ror Constantine approv'd his Deposition. Hence followed a Schism, the Orthodox refusing to Communicate with the A∣rians, several Prelats and Councels attempted a Reconcilia∣tion, but in vain, till about 412, that they agreed with the Church of Rome in the Papacy of Innocent I. The Councels of this City are said to be once held by the Apostles An. 56. whose Canons are asserted as genuine by some, and denied by others. Moreri owns them to be uncertain. An. 253. a Councel was held here against the Novatians. In 265 ano∣ther Condemned the Errors of Samosatenus. In 270 another was held against the Heretical Patriarch, who denied the Di∣vinity and Eternity of Christ. In 335 some Heterodox Bi∣shops condemned and deposed the Patriarch Eustathius because he opposed them, but under pretext of Adultery, whereof the Woman who accus'd him, clear'd him afterwards. In 341, 90 Bishops being Assembled there, and mostly Arians, deposed St. Athanasius, and publish'd divers Confessions of Faith, in one of which the Son was own'd to be Consubstantial with the Father. In 345 they Assembled again, and publish'd a new Formulary, which was rejected by the Bishops of the West. In 357 Eudoxius the Patriarch held another, and con∣firmed the Doctrine of the Anomeans. In 361 the Emperor Constance called another, designing to condemn the Doctrine of Consubstantiality, and banish'd St. Melecius just then chosen Patriach, for maintaining it, setting up Euzoius an Arrian in his room. About 363, in the time of the Emperor Jovian, St. Melecius call'd a Councel of 27 Bishops, who wrote to the Emperor, owning the Consubstantiality of the Word, and the Councel of Nice. In 378 a Councel was call'd to Heal the Schism betwixt the Melecians and Eustathians, where they also condemned the Errors of Appollinaris. In 383 another was call'd for that same end, and against the Messalians. Se∣veral other Petty Councels were held here, and the last men∣tion'd was held by Innocent the 2d's Legate, against Rodolphus

• Mamistan, a Frenchman, who denied the Popes Supremacy over his See, whereupon he was Depos'd, and put into a Mo∣nastery, and coming afterward to Rome to solicite his Re-establishment, he was poyson'd as about to return to Antioch. Euseb. Epiph. Chrysostom. Baronius. The Epocha of Antioch, which some Historians use, begun in the 48 or 49 before Christ, and 4664 or 4665 of the Julian Period. Scaliger. Petau.
• Antiochia was the name of 10 or more several other Cities, of which the most considerable at this day is one upon the River Meander now call'd Tachiali, one on the Euphrates, and another in Sicilia, which the Turks call Islenos. The Spa∣niards have one of this name in South America, 15 Leagues from St. Foy.
• Antiochus I. King of Syria, the only Son of Seleucus Ni∣canor, fell in Love with Stratonica, whom his Father had Married in his old Age, and not being able to subdue his Passion, it brought him into a consuming Fever; the true cause of which being discover'd by his Physician Erasistratus through the irregularity of his Pulse when the Queen came to visit him, he gave notice of it to his Father, who to save his Life, consented he should have her. He vanquish'd the Galatians that frequently annoy'd his Subjects with their In∣cursions, for which he acquir'd the Sirname of Soter or Sa∣viour, the fury of his Elephants breaking the Enemies Ca∣valry, and contributing to the Victory; he wept because they had a share in it. He Reign'd 19 years, and died A. M. ••793. Polybius. Appian.
• Antiochus II. Sirnam'd Theos by the Milesians for putting their Tyrant Timarchus to death, succeeded his Father Antio∣chus Soter, made War with Ptolomy Philadelphus, which was concluded by his Marrying Berenice, Ptolomy's Daughter, and putting away Laodice by whom he had two Sons, the Injured Queen Meditating Revenge. Antiochus to prevent it, took her again, and put off Berenice after Ptolomy's death; but Laodice not being thus to be pleas'd Poison'd him, and suborn∣ing Artemon, who did perfectly resemble him, to lie a-Bed, and Counterfeit himself ready to die, she sent for the Gran∣dees, to whom, as the real Antiochus, he recommended his Son Seleucus Sirnam'd Callinicus for Successor, and this being done, Laodice publish'd the Kings death, solemniz'd his Funerals, and caus'd Berenice, who, some say, was her Sister, to be Stabb'd, A. M. 3807. Appian. Alexandrin.
• Antiochus III. Sirnam'd the Great, Son of Seleucus Calli∣nicus, began his Reign A. M. 3830. After the death of Phi∣lopater, taking advantage of the Minority of his Son Ptolomy Epiphanes, he broke the League which he had made with the Father, and resolv'd to recover his former Losses upon the Son. But the Romans, to whose Care Philopater had recom∣mended him, forbid Antiochus to meddle with Egypt, which he took so hainously, that after he had subdu'd a great part of Greece, at the solicitation of Hannibal, he made War a∣gainst the Romans, by whom, after many Battles with various success, he was at last totally routed, and confin'd to Syria beyond Taurus, losing all betwixt that Mountain and Jonia. After this finding his Exchequer low, and going to recruit himself with the Plunder of the Temple of Belus, he was kill'd by the Rabble who came to rescue their Consecrated Treasure. Josephus.
• Antiochus IV. Sirnam'd Epiphanes, the Illustrious, or Epi∣manes the Furious, Son to Antiochus III. usurp'd the Throne of his Nephew Demetrius, depos'd Onias High-Priest of the Jews, offering the Succession to him who bid most. He pre∣tended to the Guardianship of his Nephew Ptolomy Philometor K. of Egypt, which he invaded on that account, An. 582 of Rome, but in vain. He attempted it again in 586, but was deterred by Popilius the Roman Ambassador, who order'd him to depart out of Egypt, the Kingdom of their Ally, and draw∣ing a Circle round himself, told him, that if he did not give a positive Answer, he would declare War against him e're he stirr'd from the place, so that Antiochus was forc'd to obey. At the same time Jason endeavour'd to possess himself of Je∣rusalem, whereupon Antiochus came and besieged it, to make up his Losses elsewhere, and took it on the 16th of November, in the 586 of Rome, 168 before Christ, 80000 being kill'd, 40000 taken, and as many sold for Slaves. He entred the Sanctuary, profan'd the Temple, set the Statue of Jupiter Olympius upon the Altar, sacrific'd to him, and carried away all the holy Vessels. At his return to Antioch, he cut off the 7 Brethren, the Macchabees, and all the Jews in his Dominions who would not abjure their Religion. After which Mathias and Judas Macchabeus put some stop to his fury, defended their Country and Religion, and purified the Temple, and defeated his Armies, while he himself was routed by the Ely∣means as designing to rob the Temple of Persepolis or Diana. Being advis'd of what the Jews had done on his return to Ba∣bylon, he Vow'd the utter ruine of Jerusalem; but was pre∣vented by a terrible death, being smitten by the Hand of God, A. M. 3891, and 11th of his Reign. St. Augustin, St. Jerome, and others of the Fathers, look'd upon him as a Type and fore-runner of Antichrist, from Dan. c. 11. To this it is added by Monsieur Le Clerk and Hoffman, that he was a Cunning, Violent, Cruel, and Profuse Prince. Being Hostage at Rome, he spent excessively to gain the Love of the Grandees and People; and understanding that his Father Antiochus the Great was dead, escaped thence, usurp'd his Nephew Demetrius's Throne as above, seized all that be∣long'd to his Nephew the K. of Egypt in Syria, and Impri∣soned Cleopatra his Sister, and Physcon his other Nephew, who complain'd of him to the Romans. He spent vast Trea∣sures in Banqueting and Drinking; and in his Cups would throw about huge Bags of Money in the Highways, saying, Let them take them for whom Fortune has design'd them. At other times he would go about in his Royal Apparel, with a Garland of Roses, and a lap full of Stones to throw at whosoever he met. It was Customary for him to Bath among the common people, and at the same time to Anoint with the most precious and fragrant Ointments; upon which one of the vulgar telling him he was very happy, he caus'd a whole Vessel of Ointment to be pour'd on the Fellow's Head, which casting a perfume through the whole City, the people following the scent, came in such crouds to see what was the matter, that they tumbled upon one another, which was so good sport for him, that he fell flat on the Ground, having almost kill'd himself with Laughing. Being at An∣tioch in the time of publick Shews, he invited all the Grecians to a Treat, anointed each of them with precious, odori∣ferous Ointments, sat down at Table, and serv'd them by turns, and did so far debase himself, that he danced with the common Stage-players, and meanest of the people, whereof they were more ashamed than he. The reason of this extravagant humour, was ascribed to his being exalted to the hight of Regal Dignity, from being an Hostage, which subjected him to confinement. Macab. 1.2. Joseph. Polyb. Liv. Plutarch.
• Antiochus the 5th. sirnamed Eupator, succeeded his Father Epiphanes in the year of the World 3810. and hearing that Judas Maccabeus besieg'd one of the Towers of Jerusalem, at the instigation of the Apostate Jews, he entred Judaea with 100000 Foot, and 20000 Horse, and took Bathsura; but hearing that Philip, to whose Guardianship his Father had recommended him, was come from Persia to Antioch, with an intention to seize the Kingdom, he made Peace with the Jews; in the mean time Demetrius, the Son of Seleucus Eupa∣tor, having made his escape from Rome, took Tripolis in Syria, whither the Syrians repairing as to the right Heir, he soon got Antiochus and Lysias into his power, and order'd 'em both to be put to death. Josephus, Maccab. 1.2.
• Anciochus the 6th, call'd also the Noble, supposed to be Grandchild to Antioch. Epiphan. was chased from his Country by Demetrius Nicanor, who being hateful to the people, Try∣phon found out this Antiochus, and setled him on the Throne, by the assistance of the discontented Soldiers in the 609 of Rome, defeated Demetrius, took Antioch, and made a League with Jonathan High Priest of the Jews: Demetrius being broke, Tryphon thought to have made away with Antiochus, but was himself put to death by Jonathan at Ptolomais, who after Antiochus's death assum'd the Title of King, 2. Mac. Joseph. 13. according to Morreri; but Hoffman says Tryphon cut off Antiochus.
• Antiochus the 7th, call'd Sidetes, the Son of Demetrius Soter, by the help of Simon the High Priest of the Jews, vanquish'd the Usurper Tryphon; who thereupon fled to Apameia, whi∣ther Antiochus pursued him, took the Town by Storm, and put Trypho to death, who had Tyranniz'd three years over Syria; nevertheless Antiochus prov'd ungrateful to the Jews, and besieg'd Hircanus the High Priest in Jerusalem, with whom having made a Peace, he march'd against the Par∣thians, but was vanquish'd and slain in Battel by Arsaces, in the 11th year of his Reign, and 625 of Rome. Polybius.
• Antiochus the 8th, called Gryphus, or Hawknose, the Son of Demetrius Nicanor and Cleopatra, who after the death of her Husband, murder'd her other Son Selencus, for assuming the Crown without her consent; and advanced Gryphus, in hopes to keep the Government still in her own hands: But finding he began to be too busie, prepar'd a dose of Poyson for him, which Gryphus suspecting, made her drink it off her self. He Reign'd Peaceably for 12 years, not daring to attack the Jews for fear of his Brother Antiochus of Cyzicum, who at length engag'd him in a bloody dispute for the Crown, which continued 18 years, and at last he was slain by Heracleon in 45th year of his Age, and 29th of his Reign, An. M. 3958.
• Antiochus the 9th, called Cyzicenus, because bred at Cyzi∣cum, was Son of Sidetes and Cleopatra, made War upon his Brother Gryphus for the Crown, after whose death he was de∣feated, taken, and put to death by Seleucus 6. Gryphus's Son. An. M. 3959. Joseph. l. 13.
• Antiochus the 10th, Son to Antioch. Cyzicenus, called Pious in Railery, because he Married Selena, 1st his Fathers, then his Uncles Wife; he revenged his Father's death, by burning Seleucus at Mopsuestia in Cicily, and made brave resistance against his Cousins, Philip 3d, and Demetrius Eucerus, Son of Gryphus, but was kill'd as fighting Valiantly against the Par∣thians, in the Queen of the Galatian's Quarrel, An. M. 3963. Joseph. Appian.
• Antiochus 11th, Son of Gryphus, endeavouring to recover what his Brother Seleucus burnt, as above, was defeated, and killed in Battel by Antiochus Pious. Joseph.

• Antiochus 12th, sirnamed Dionisius, youngest Son of Gry∣phus, usurp'd the Soveraignity in his Brother Philip's absence, and was kill'd in Battel against the Arabians, An. M. 3969. the 1st of his Reign.
• Antiochus 13th, Son of Antiochus Pius, called the Asiatick in mockage, because he hid himself in Cilicia during the War with Tigranes K. of Armenia, who took his Throne at the Peoples desire. Lucullus having defeated Tigranes, re∣stored Antiochus; but Pompey dethron'd him, thinking him not worthy to Reign, who hid himself while another usurpt his Crown. Justin. There were three other Antiochu's, Kings of Comagenia, a Province of Syria, the first of which was Conquer'd, and restored by Pompey, whom he afterwards as∣sisted against Caesar, and was beheaded at Rome by Augustus for murdering his Brother. Of the 2d there's nothing re∣markable. The third was enthron'd by Caligula, deposed and restored by Claudius, assisted Vespasian against Vitellius, persecuted the Jews, and was dethron'd afterwards by the Emperor, for making an alliance with the Parthians. Dion. Tacit.
• Antiochus of Ascalon, a famous Philosopher, whose disci∣ple Cicero became; both at Athens and Rome, Lucullus and Brutus were also his great admirers. Strabo.
• An••iope, Queen of the Amazons, who with the assistance of the Scythians invaded the Athenians; but was vanquish'd by Thes••us. Also another of the same name, Wife of Lycus, K. of Thebes, who being deflower'd by Jupiter in the shape of a Satyr, brought forth Amphion and Zethus. Natal. Com.
• Antipater I. K. of Macedonia, Son of Cassander, and Bro∣ther to Philip, put his own Mother Thessalonica to death, thinking that she favour'd his Brother Alexander more than him, fearing the Power of Pyrrhus K. of Epirus, and Deme∣trius the Son of Antigonus, whom his Brother Alexander had Arm'd against him; he fled to his Father in Law Lysimachus K. of Thra••e, who detesting his Crimes, put him to death. Justin.
• Antipater II. K. of Macedonia, was dethron'd after 45 days Reign, and succeeded by Sosthenes a Valiant Captain. Polybius Liv.
• Antipater, an Idumean, a Man really politick and daring, the Father of K. Herod, he assisted Cesar in his Egyptian Wars, where he gave good proofs of his Valour and Conduct, and so insinuated himself into his favour, that being then Gover∣nor of Judaea, Cesar continued him, and proffer'd him a more considerable preferment; but the Jews uneasie under the Government of a Foreigner, one Malchus, who pretend∣ed to be his Friend, and a person to whom Antipater had been extreamly kind, Poyson'd him under pretence of se∣curing Hircanus's Authority. Jos••ph. L. 14. Ant. Jud.
• Antipa••••r, the eldest Son of Herod the Great, by an Idu∣mean whose name was Doris; this Son he recall'd from a pri∣vate education, to oppose him to Alexander and Aristobulus which he had by Mariamne. Antipater laying hold of the opportunity, so incens'd his Father against those two unfor∣tunate Princes, that he carried 'em to Rome, and accus'd 'em of a design against his Life: But they being dead, Antipater himself contrived in earnest to hasten his Father's end; whereof being convicted before Varus, he was put to death, An. Chr. 1. Jos••ph. L. 14, 15. Ant. Jud.
• Antipater, one of Alexander the Great's Commanders, and his Lieutenant in Greece subdued the Revolted Thracians, Re∣liev'd Megalopolis besieg'd by the Lacedemonians, and over∣threw 'em in Battel in the 424. of Rome. Notwithstanding all this, the hatred which Olympias, Alexander's Mother bare him, made her Son recall him from his Government, which so incens'd Antipater, that he Poyson'd him in the 430 of Rome; after that he was defeated by the Athenians, but over∣threw the Greeks in Thessaly, and being nominated Guardian to Alexander's Sons, died in the 433. of Rome. Quint. Curt. Lib. 6.
• Antipater (Caelius) a Latin Historian, liv'd about the 630 of Rome, he wrote a History of the Punic War, of which Brutus made an Epitome, it was much esteem'd by Cicero, who often cites him; and the Emperor Adrian preferr'd him to Salust. Tit. Liv. L. 13.
• Antipater of Hieropolis, 1st Secretary to the Emperor Se∣verus, afterwards Tutor to his Children Caracalla and Geta; Lastly, made Governor and Praetor of Hieropolis, where, un∣derstanding that Caracalla had murther'd his Brother Geta, he starv'd himself to death out of grief. Tit. Liv.
• Antipatris, a Town of Phenicia upon the Mediterranean, 16 miles North of Jaffa; It was near this place that Judas Macchab••us defeated the K. of Syria's Army commanded by N••canor; near this City Obadiah, Steward to Ahab, fed three Prophets whom he hid from Jezebel's fury. St. Paul was convey'd hither by Licias in his way to Cesarea, to preserve him from a Conspiracy of the Jews, Acts 23. It's seated in one of the richest and best water'd Soils of Canaan, on the Medit••rranean Sea, very convenient for Trade or War: But it was inconsiderable until Herod the Great, or Ascalonite rebuilt it, and call'd it Antipatris in Honour of his Father Antipater: The Christians made themselves Masters of it in 1101. under Baldwin, and the Saracens retook it in 1265. Doubdain. Voyage de la Terre Saincte.
• Antipheron Oretanus, a certain Man mention'd by Aristotle, who always imagined he was his own Image; Seneca said, it was a distemper which several labour'd under, proceeding from the weakness of the Eyes, which are not able to pene∣trate the neighbouring Air.
• Antiphon, a Native of Ramnus, a Town in Attica, an Orator, of whom Thucydides gives this Elogie, That he gave place to none of the Athenians, either for Wit, Eloquence, or Virtue; he was put to death, as some suppose, by Dionisius the elder, for the sharp answer which he gave him; for the Tyrant asking him which was the best Brass? He answerd, That which made the Statues of Hermodius and Aristogiton, who where the two persons that kill'd the Tyrants of Athens. Herodotus. There were 11 more of this name, all Learned Men.
• Antipodes, a name given to those that live under the same Meridian, and yet are Diametrically opposite; it comes from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 against, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a foot, because their feet are op∣posite to one another, they have the same elevation of their different Poles, as they are in different Hemispheres; so that our Mid-day is our Antipodes Midnight, and vice versa. In former Ages it was thought impossible that there should be such a place, especially peopled, our good Ancestors not being able to conceive how the descendants of Adam could cross the vast Seas, that in their thoughts separated both Hemispheres; but Christopher Columbus in 1452. and Americ Vespucie in 1497 undeceiv'd 'em. Jerem Vital, Lexicon Mathe∣maticum.
• Antipopes is a name by which such are call'd that pretend to pass for Popes to the prejudice of them that are Legally chosen, and so cause a Schism in the Church of Rome. Here follows a Catalogue of all those that have been since the Third Age to this present time.
  • 1. Novatian rose against Pope Cornelius chosen in 254.
  • 2. Ursicin against Damasus in 367.
  • 3. Eulalius against Pope Boniface I. in 418.
  • 4. Laurence against Pope Symmachus in 498.
  • 5. Dioscorus against Pope Boniface II. in 530.
  • 6. Peter and Theodorus Concurrents in 686 until Conon was chosen.
  • 7. Theodorus and Paschal excluded by the Canonical Election of Sergius in 687.
  • 8. Theophylact against Paul I. in 757.
  • 9. Constantin after Paul's death in 767.
  • 10. Philip in 768.
  • 11. Zinzime against Pope Eugenius II. chosen in 824.
  • 12. Anastasius against Benet III. chosen in 855.
  • 13. Sergius against Pope Formosus chosen in 891.
  • 14. Boniface after Pope Formosus's death in 896.
  • 15. Leo disputed the Chair to John XII. and Benet V. in 955 and 964.
  • 16. Gregory was chosen against Pope Benet VIII. in 1012.
  • 17. Sylvester call'd the III. and John call'd XX. yielded to Gregory VI. in 1044.
  • 18. Mincius call'd Benet was chosen against Pope Nicholas II. in 1059.
  • 19. Cadalous under the name of Honorius II. rose against Alexander II. in 1061.
  • 20. Gilbert of Ravenne under the name of Clement III. op∣pos'd Pope Gregory VII. chosen 1073.
  • 21. Thibaud call'd Celestin II. yielded to Honorius II. in 1124.
  • 22. Peter call'd Anacletus II. against Innocent II. in 1130.
  • 23. Octavian who assum'd the name of Victor IV. disputed the Chair to Alexander III. chosen Pope in 1159.
  • 24. Peter a Franciscan was seiz'd, and kept Prisoner all his Life time by Pope John XXII. created in 1316.
  • 25. Robert under the name of Clement VII. disputed the See with Pope Urban VI. and Boniface IX. his Successor in 1378.
  • 26. Peter de Luna chose by the Sschismaticks in 1394, held the See for 30 years against Boniface and his Successors.
  • 27. Gilles de Munion, a Spaniard, took the name of Clement VIII. and usurp'd the See for 5 years from 1424 to 1429 against Pope Martin.
  • 28. Amedeus Duke of Savoy chosen by the Council of Basil in 1439, took the name of Felix V. oppos'd Pope Eugenius IV. and Nicholas V. but resign'd in favour of the latter in 1449. Baron. Sponde, Du Puy, Hist de Schisme Genebrard in Nicol V.
• Antis••oti, or the Isle of Assumption, an Island of N. America in New France, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where the French have some Colonies.
• Antisthenes, the Disciple of Socrates, first of the Cynic Phi∣losophers, about 350 of Rome, which Diogenes one of his chief Auditors rendred so famous. His Doctrine was not quite so pure as that of other Philosophers, his Morals harsh and abu∣sive, though he spoke reason in a great many things. To one that told him War carried off the Miserable, You are de∣ceiv'd, said he, it makes a great many more then it takes off. To another who ask'd him, what he had learn't by Philosophizing? to do voluntarily, answer'd he, What others do by constraint. He also us'd to say, he wonder'd that People took such care in making the Body clean and neat, that did not mind the Soul. Diog. Laer.

• Antitactes, Hereticks sprung from the Gnosticks, who taught that Sin deserved rather Reward then Punishment, and accordingly wallowed in all Crimes. Clem. Alex. Baron.
• Antitrinicarians, a name given in general to all that deny the Trinity, though it's more particularly applied to the So∣cinians, that are also call'd Unitarii.
• Antivari, Lat. Antibarum, a Town of Dalmatia upon the Adriatic Sea. Pope Alexander II. of a Bishops See made it a Metropolis in 1062, and gave it 10 Suffragans, but it has since fallen under the Tyranny of the Turks: Some Authors take it to be the ancient Doclea; it is 10 miles E. of Dolcingo, and 18 of Scutari. Baron. An. C. 1062.
• Antium, now call'd Antio Rovinato, formerly the Metro∣polis of the Volsci, whither Coriolanus retir'd, famous for the Temple of Fortune. Augustus had also an Altar at Antium, and being N••ro's Birth-place, he repair'd and beautified it with several Palaces. The Saracens destroy'd it; it is sup∣pos'd to be the place where now stands the Burrough of Ne∣tuno belonging to the Family of Colonna. Strabo. Dionys Hali∣carnassus.
• Antoeci are they that live under the same Meridian, but in different Parallels, equally distant from the Equator, some in Northern, others in the Southern Hemisphere. They have Noon and Midnight at the same time, but their Seasons dif∣fer, for whilst one has Summer and the longest days, the other has Winter and the shortest.
• Antonii Diemeni Regio, Island Van Antoni Diemens, a part of Terra Australis, discover'd under Anthony Diemens Governor of the Dutch East-India Company the 4th of November 1642. That part which lies next to the Sea is only known, for the Hollanders do not yet know whether the whole be an Island or a Continent, there are several small Islands not far from the Coast, and it lies upon the Pacifick Sea, in the mid-way be∣tween New Holland and New Zealand.
• * Antongil Bay, Lat. Antonii, Aegidii sinus, Baye d' Antongil, a small Bay belonging to the Island of Madagascar, so call'd by the Portugueze, but by the Natives Manghabei. It appears in the Eastern part of the Island towards the Isle of Sancta Ma∣ria which lies near it to the South; it's above 15 Leagues in length, having the Country of Vohemari to the North. The Bay is 9 Leagues wide, and at the mouth of it lies an Island which shelters the Ships that ride in the Haven from all Winds. Natal. Metel.
• Antonia, the Daughter of the Emperor Claudius, refus'd to be Married to Nero who had already kill'd two of his Wives. In revenge of which denial Nero accus'd her of Conspiring against the State, and caus'd her to lay violent hands upon her self. Sueton.
• Antoninue, Sirnam'd Pius, was born An. C. 86. adopted by Adrian, and succeeded him in the Empire An. 138. he was a Prince of goodly Presence, Learn'd, Witty, and Eloquent, a good Politician, Prudent and Moderate. Philostrates remarks two notable passages of his good Nature, the first, that when he was Proconsul of Asia, and arrived at Smyrna, he was lodged in the House of Pal••m••n the Sophist, as most Commodious. The Sophist being in the Country, came home very late at night, and kept such a clamour and noise that he forc'd him to leave his House at midnight. This same Pal••mon coming after∣wards to salute him at Rome when made Emperor, he assign'd him an Apartment in the Palace, and told him, that he might take it freely without hazard of being put out at mid∣night. The second was his Answer to a Comedian, who complain'd that Palemon had put him off the Stage because he Acted not to his Satisfaction; As what hour (says the Em∣peror) did he put you off? At Noon, answers the Comedian; Then replied the Emperor, You have no reason to Complain, for he put me out of his House at Midnight, and I said ne're a Word. He had the tenderness of a true Father to his Subjects: and was so far from shedding Blood, that he had always the saying of Scipio in his Mouth, That he had rather preserve one Citizen then kill 1000 Enemies. During his Reign he begun no War in regard the Barbarians were more submissive to his Vertues then his Arms, only the Daci, Alans, and Moors, he suppress'd by his Lieutenants; and by the Conduct of Lollius Urbicus quieted the Britains, and rais'd a Wall to defend them from the Scots and Picts. He persecuted the Christians it's true at first, but having read the Works of Justin Martyr, and the Apologies of some others, he recall'd his Decrees. He re∣pair'd several Cities ruin'd by Fire and Earthquakes, both in Rhodes, in the East, in Africa, and Gaul. He made a Law forbidding Husbands to accuse their Wives of Adultery, if they were guilty thereof themselves. He died of a Fever in the 77th year of his Age, An. 161. Euseb. Baronius. Hoffman says he was succeeded by his Son Antoninus the Philosopher, and that he associated his Kinsman Lucius Aurelius Verus as a Sharer of the Government, who carried on the War against the Parthians with success, whilst Antoninus managed Affairs at home; and that Verus being dead, he Govern'd alone, and was successful against the Germans, Sarmatians, Vandals, &c. He was the Author of the 12 Books, according to Suidas, Entituled, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, containing the Duty of a good Prince, and not a History of his own Life, as some have imagined, but only writ by him as a Rule for himself. Printed at London with an Excellent Commentary by Thomas Gataker in 165••.
• Antoninus Commodus, Vid. Commodus.
• Antoninus, Vid. Caracalla Heliogabalus, Geta, Diadumenus and Mar. Aurelius.
• Antoninus, the Author of the Itinerary that bears this name, is not yet well known, some Authors holding it was Antony the Meek that compos'd this Piece, others attributing it to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus the Philosopher, or to some of the Princes of that name. Jerome Surita, a Spaniard, considering the divers passages of the Book in which Great-Britany is men∣tion'd, is confident it was writ in the time of Antoninus Ca∣racalla. In fine, some pretend that the unknown Author liv'd in 337, and Simler seems to be of opinion that it was the same that compos'd this and another Itinerary affirm'd to have been written by Aethicus Ister, Vossius, l. 3. H. L.
• * Antonius, (Marcus) a Man of so vast a Memory that he never forgot any thing, but expressed his Conceptions in as great order as a General draws up an Army, putting every thing in its proper place where it was most significant. He was so ready at Pleading, that he confounded the Judges on the Bench, and never had any occasion to meditate. Cicero.
• Antonius Nebrissensis, a Spaniard, and one of the greatest Scholars of his time, was born in 1455, Studied in the Uni∣versity of Bologne in Italy to that advantage, that at his return into Spain he was imploy'd to Teach in the University of Sa∣lamanca, which he quitted after 28 years stay, and offer'd his Service to Cardinal Ximenes, who was glad to have a Man of Reputation and Parts in his new University of Alcala. Here Nebrissensis taught until he died in 1522, being then 77 years of Age. He left us a great many Pieces of his own Work, as new Methods for Learning the Latine, Greek, and Hebrew Tongues, Commentaries upon several Eminent Au∣thors, as Juvenal, Perseus, with Treatises of History, and Cosmography. Vossius, le Mire, Merula.
• St. Antony, called the Great, was born in 251, Decius being Emperor, and died in 356, at the Age of 105; he was an Egyp∣tian, and became the Patron of many that retir'd to the De∣sarts of Thebaide to live solitary Lives; some hold that he was bred an Atturney, others that he never Studied, but most agree that he was the first that prescrib'd the Rules of a Monastick Life. Polydor Virg.
• St. Antony, an Order of Monks that observe St. Augu∣stine's Rules; their chief Abby is that of St. Antony of Vien∣nois in Dauphine, which was first of all an Hospital to receive such as were troubled with certain Inflamations, said to be cur'd by St. Antony's Reliques, and therefore call'd St. An∣tony's Fire. Pope Boniface VIII. converted this Hospital into an Abby in 1297.
• St. Antony's Knights, a Military Order instituted by Albert Duke of Bavaria, Holland, and Zealand, when he de∣sign'd to make War against the Turks in 1382. The Knights wore a Collar of Gold made in form of a Hermits Girdle, from which hung a Stick cut like a Crutch with a little Bell, as they are represented in St. Antony's Protraitures.
• Antony of Bourbon K. of Navarre, Prince of Bearn, Duke of Vendosme, &c. Eldest Son of Charles of Vendosme D. of Bour∣bon, K. of Navarre, by Jane D'Albert the only Daughter and Heiress of Hen. D'Albert K. of Navarre; he was declar'd Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of France during the Minority of Charles IX. and commanded the Royal Army which took Bourges; soon after he besieg'd Roan, where as he was visiting the Trenches he was wounded in the Shoulder with a Musket Bullet, of which he died the same year. He was the Father of Hen. IV. of France, and sometimes a Zealous Champion for the Reformed Religion. Thuan. Auila.
• Antony who assum'd the Quality of K. of Portugal, was Son of Lewis (the 2d Son of K. Emanuel and Mary of Aragon) by a Miss call'd Yoland; he was born in 1500, and became Prior of Crati; but after Sebastian's death, he took the Qua∣lity of K. at Lisbonne the 24th of June 1531, but finding the Spaniards Party more powerful then his own, he fled for succour to France, where he died in 1595, and was buried in the Franciscans Church. He left several Bastard Chil∣dren, as Emanuel, and Christopher, who also took the Title of K. and died at Paris of a Palsy in 1638, the 66th year of his Age. He had another Son who turn'd Monk, and two Daughters who became Nuns, &c.
• Antony Duke of Lorrain and Bar 3d Son of Rene Duke of Lorrain and Philippa of Guelders his Second Wife, was born in 1489, and brought up at the Court of Lewis XII. of France, whom he follow'd into Italy, where he was at the Battel of Agnadel, and afterwards signaliz'd himself at the Battle of Marignan in 1515, and on several other occasions during that War. His Conduct and Adress in bringing the Peasants of Alsace and of the Bishoprick of Strasbourg to their Duty, who revolted in 1525, got him considerable Reputation; he died in 1544. This Duke Married Renee of Bourbon, Daughter of Gilbert of Bourbon, Count of Montpensier, and Vice-Roy of Naples in 1529. This Lady obtain'd of Francis I. the for∣feited Estate of her Brother Charles Bourbon Lord High Con∣stable of France. They had 2 Sons and a Daughter, Francis Duke of Lorrain who succeeded Anthony: Francis who begun the Branch of the Dukes of Mercoeur; and Anne, first Married to Rene of Nassau, and Chalon Prince of Orange, and afterwards to Philippe de Croui I. of the name Duke of Arschot.

• Antony the Sicilian render'd his name famous by burning the Arsenal of Gallipolis in 1475. This young Man was taken by the Turks when Mahomet II. made himself Master of the Isle of Negropont, and made his escape to the Venetian Fleet commanded, by Peter Mocenigo then at Anchor at Napoli di Romania; he presented himself to the Admiral, and told him he knew how to destroy all the Turkish Fleet, that to execute his design he requir'd nothing but a Bark and some few trusty Companions, which being granted him, he took in Fruit, cross'd the Dardanelles, and feigning himself a Merchant, spent the day in selling his Fruit, and at night bore up and fir'd the Arsenal, but the People flocking from all sides, he had not time to burn the Ships, so when he saw that the Flame had reach'd his own little Vessel, he led his Compa∣nions into a Wood that stood near the Coast, where he was search'd for and found by the Turks, who seeing his Ship sink, and the Fruit swim on the Water, did not doubt but it was he that did this bold Action; being had before the Grand Signior, and ask'd why he did so ill a thing, he made this resolute Answer, That it was to ruine the Forces of the com∣mon Enemy of Christendom, and that he could wish, he had Stabb'd him to the Heart, as he had set fire to the Arsenal. Mahomet admir'd this generosity, somewhat like that of Mu∣tius Scavola, but did not imitate Porsenna, for he order'd him and his Companions to be Saw'd through the middle. The States of Venice gave his Brother a considerable Pension, and Match'd his Sister very well. Sab. L. 9.
• Antony of Lorrain, Count of Vaudemont, &c. Sirnam'd the Undertaker, was the Son of Ferri of Lorrain, Sirnam'd the Couragious, Renatus of Anjou K. of Sicily and Naples claim'd the Dukedom of Lorrain from him by the Marriage of Isabelle, eldest Daughter of Charles I. Duke of Lorrain, and had the Emperor's Decision in his favour; but Anthony assisted by France withstood him, defeated his Army, and having taken him Prisoner at the Battel of Bullegneville, sent him to Dijon, where he was forc'd to condescend to hard Terms before he could obtain his Liberty. He died in 1447. Auila.
• * Antrim, a County, Barony, and Burrough Town of the Province of Ulst••r in the North of Ireland. This Town is but ordinary, and stands by the Lake call'd Lough-N••ah, 5 miles South of Connor along the North-East Coast. The County is divided into 9 Baronies, whereof Antrim is one; The County is bounded by St. George's Channel on the East, the River Ban on the West, the Deucalidon Ocean on the North, and the County of Down on the South. Carickfergus is now the chief Town.
• Antronia was a City of Thessaly upon the Sea Coast, so call'd from the great number of Dens and Caverns in the parts adjoining to it, but more particularly remarkable for the great store of Asses bred thereabouts of a more then or∣dinary bulk and height, whence all huge ignorant sottish Fellows were call'd Antronii Asini.
• Antros, vulgarly Cardonan, an Island of France in Gulen, seated at the mouth of the Gironde, where Henry IV. built the Tower of Cardovan, magnificently repair'd by Lewis XIV. which serves for a Light-House to such Ships as enter the River bound for Bourdeaux.
• Antrum Sibyllae, Lat. Grotta della Sibilla, a most Cele∣brated Place, still visited by Travellers, being a Den or large Room cut out of a hard Rock, 8 foot wide, 14 in length, and 13 high, the Floor pav'd with square Tiles of Mosaick Work, the Walls lin'd with Stones of various colours, and the Roof embelish'd with Gold and Azure, where the Cumae∣an Sibill had her Habitation and return'd her Oracles. It's in the Terra di La Voro not far from Rome.
• * Antsianach, a Province of the Island Madagascar in Africa with very high Mountains towards the East, almost in the middle of the Island, a Province large and rich, but little known to the Europeans.
• Antwerpi, Lat. Antwerpia, Antwerpen by the Natives, by the Italians Anversa, vulgarly Antwerp, is a City of Brabant in the Spanish Netherlands, the Capital of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire, with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Malines. Some derive the name of this City from Hant a Hand, and Werpen to throw away, for that before Caesars coming into Gaul, a certain Gyant whose name was Antigonus, kept in a Castle upon the Scheld, demanding of such as pass'd by, half of what they carried about 'em, which if they in the least refus'd, he cut off their Right Hands, and threw 'em into the River. This City was formerly one of the Richest and most Beautiful of the whole World, seated in a spacious Plain upon the right side of the Scheld, where the River divides the Dutchy of Brabant from the County of Flanders. It was enlarged by John I. John III. and Charles V. it contains 212 Streets, and 22 publick Piazza's. The Houses are all neat and fashionable, and many of them magnificent. In a word, all the Structures both Sacred and Prophane ad∣mirable. Our Lady's Church the Cathedral is a Piece of in∣comparable Workmanship, it's above 500 foot long, 240 broad, and 340 high, contains 66 Chappels, embellish'd with Marble Pillars, all different in shape, and adorn'd with lovely Pictures as well as the Body of the Church. The Tower is one of the highest and fairest of Europe, built of white Stone, wherein are 33 large Bells. The chief Doors are Cas'd with Marble, and gilt with Gold. This fine Church was almost burnt to the Ground in the year 1533, and after that pillag'd during the Civil Wars for Religion. It was erected into a Cathedral by Paul IV. in the year 1559. There are 4 other Parish Churches, viz. St. George, St. James, St. Andrew, and St. Malburge, besides a great number of other fair Churches belonging to Religious Houses, amongst which the Jesuits Church is very magnificent; it's paved with Marble on the 2 lower sides one above another, which are supported by 56 Marble Columns; the 4 Roofs are hung with 38 large Pictures in Gold Frames, and the Wall pierced with 40 cross Windows lin'd with Marble. The chief Al∣tar is all of Marble, Jasper, Porphyre, and Gold. Our Ladies Chappel is no less considerable, the Pavement, Sides, and Vaults are all Marble. It's 50 Chappels, the Portail, and Jesuits House deserve to be seen. The Town House consists of 4 large Apartments, and the Easterlings House, the Ex∣change, and the Galleries that surround it, are worthy of consideration. The Cittadel, one of the strongest, and most regular, is of a Pentagon Figure, with 5 Bastions that de∣fend one another, well Terrassed, with large and deep Moats. It encloses two little Hills that give a prospect all over the Countrey. This Citadel was built in the year 1567 by the Duke of Alva, the Design drawn by Paccotti the famous Ar∣chitect of Urbin. The City lies 18 Leagues from the Sea, between Malines, Louvain, Brussels, and Bruges, the Harbour is very lovely, and most convenient, there being no less then 8 Canals for Ships to come up by to the City, in the chiefest of which a 100 may ride together. There are 74 Bridges upon these Canals, all which Conveniencies brought a great Trade to the Town. It suffered much in the Revolt of the Low-Countreys from the Spaniards, who plundered it 3 days together, burnt above 600 Houses, and kill'd and drown'd 10000 of the Inhabitants. The Confederates repair'd it, but it was after that retaken by the Prince of Parma, after a years Siege, memorable in Modern History for the many Machines and Devices us'd in it; and has since recover'd much of its former beauty, though the Neigh∣bourhood of Amsterdam has deprived it of the greatest part of her Trade. There are 25 Colledges, Nunneries, and Religious Houses. The Jesuits Treasure is valued Two Millions. Long. 25. 51. Lat. 41. 16. Guichardin description de pais bas.
• Anubis, one of the Deities of the Egyptians painted with a Dogs-Head holding a Palm Branch in one Hand, and a Caduceum or Mercury's Wand in the other. Some say Anubis was Son of Osyris, and follow'd his Father to the Wars, and that for his Martial Atchievements, and extraordinary Acts of Valour, he was Deify'd after his death by the Egyp∣tians; who, because he was also a great Lover of Dogs, whose Picture he always painted upon his Shield, and bore in his Standards, they represented him with a Dogs Head. His Worship was translated to the Romans, and so highly esteem'd by Commodus the Emperor, that he caus'd his Head to be shav'd, that he might carry the Idol of Anubis about the Streets of Rome. But Mundus having enjoy'd Pauline in this Gods Temple, by the contrivance of one of the Priestesses, who made her believe that Anubis himself desir'd her com∣pany in private; And the Cheat being discover'd, the Em∣peror Tiberius commanded the Temple to be demolish'd, the Statue of Isis and Anubis to be thrown into the Tiber, and sen∣tenced the Piests and Priestesses to be Crucified. Diod. Sicul. Li. 1.
• Anytus, a Rhetorician of Athens conceiv'd such a mortal hatred against Socrates, because he us'd to inveigh against such Knavish Fellows as he was, that he resolv'd to have his Life. To which purpose getting Aristophanes on his side, he made that Comedian to bespatter him in one of his Plays; then joining with Melitus and some others, he got him con∣demned to death in the XCV Olympiad, but when the Philo∣sophers Innocence came to be known, the People mutinied against his Accusers; and Anytus being forced to fly to He∣raclea, was there, as some say, ston'd to death by the Inha∣bitants. Plutarch in Vit. Socratis.
• Anzerma, a small City of the Southern America in the Kingdom of Popajan, upon the River Cauca near Cape Cor∣rente, about 50 Leagues from the City of Popajan to the North, and 12 from Calamanta to the South. Q. Curtius, Li. 8.
• * Anzichi, a People of Africa in the East of the Kingdom of Loango, govern'd by one Supream Monarch, having many Petty Kings under him. They barter Slaves, Ivory, and Cloath made out of Palm-Tree, with those of Congo for Salt and Shels, which is their Money. They are Cannibals, but esteemed Valiant and Faithful to their Masters.
• * Anzuqui, a Town in the Island of Japan, in the Province of Vomi, upon the Bay of Meaco, the chief City of Japan, from whence it stands about 20 Leagues.

• Aon, the Son of Neptune, who being driven out of Apulia by his own Subjects, planted himself in Beotia, and call'd that Country Aonia from his name.
• Aonia, the Mountainous part of Beotia, but the ancient Poets apply that name to the whole. Here the Muses were said to have dwelt, and therefore call'd Aonides. Hence also Aonium Nemus, and Lyra Aonia celebrated by Ovid.

• Aornos, a Rock in India so high that it was thought in∣accessible to the very Birds. Hercules besieged it in vain, but Alexander the Great understanding that it was kept by a Coward, said, it was easie to be taken; and so found it. Arian.
• Aoste. the Country of the ancient Salassi, now a Dutchy belonging to the Duke of Savoy, comprehending 6 large Valleys amongst the Alps, besides that from whence it is named, which the River Doera divides in the middle. It's now call'd La Val d' Aosta, from the chief City formerly Au∣gusta Solassorum, either as being built by Augustus, or else in∣habited by a Roman Colony. It's a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Tarantaise, and hath a Triumphal Arch rais'd by Augustus, remaining almost entire, besides a Colossus and several other Monuments of Roman Grandeur. This City is 50 miles E. from Turin, and was the Birth-place of the fa∣mous St. Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury. Guichenon Hist. de Savoye.

• Apaci, Apaches, a People of Northern America in New Mexico. Their Country is very large, and divided by the Spaniards into 4 sorts of Nations, which are Apaches de Pa∣rillo, towards the South Apaches de Xilla, Apaches de Novaio to the North, and Apaches Vaqueros to the East; They are all Idolaters, and live under the Government of their Caciques, having several Strong Holds upon the Mountains, whither they retire upon the Approach of the Spaniards.
• Apalachi or Apalachites, a People of Northern America in Florida towards the Mountains of Apalatai. The Kingdom of the Apalachites contains several small Provinces, of which some are in a fair Valley bounded to the East and North by a long Ridge of the Mountains Apalatai; to the South by the Province of Tagouesta, the Inhabitants of which are cruel and barbarous; to the West by the River of Hitanachi, which the Spaniards call the River of the Holy Ghost. The most con∣siderable of the Provinces which are in the Valley is call'd B••rmarin, the next to that is Amana, and the 3d Matiqua. This last extends to the Mountains, where lie Schama Meraco, and Aqua Laqua. The Capital City of the Country is M••li∣tot in the Province of Bemarin, where the K. keeps his Court, who is acknowledged for Sovereign by the particular Chiefs of the other, which they call Paracousses. The Country is good and fertile, the Inhabitants plain hearted, and without malice. However their Neighbours force them often to be∣take 'emselves to their Arms, which are Bows and Arrows, Clubs, Slings, and long Javelins that they throw with their Hands, when they have once emptied their Quivers, which are of an Oval form made of Rushes twisted and pitch'd to∣gether, so artificially, that though cover'd but with a single Leather, and extreamly light, no Arrow will pierce 'em. They formerly ador'd the Sun, but are now for the most part Christians, being instructed by a French Colony carried thi∣ther by Captain Ribauld in the time of Charles IX. Linsch••t deser d•• l' Americ.
• Apamea, now Hama or Aman, upon the Orontes, a City of Syria, once an Achbishops See under the Patriarch of Antio∣chia, and therefore considerable, and frequently mentioned by the Ancients. It was built by Seleucus Nicanor, who gave it his Wives name, by which means it became in a short time the next City to Antiochia, and her Rival for Beauty and Riches. It is seated upon a pleasant Hill, in the midst of a Plain encompassed with other Hills, and extreamly fertil in all sorts of Grain and Fruits. The City it self is surrounded with the River Orontes and a Lake, which render the Gardens Lovely and Beautiful; The Neighbouring Fields abound in Pasturage, which the Kings of Syria did formerly reserve for their own Horses; and though at this time the City is much decayed, yet it is still the most populous in Syria next to Aleppo. On the top of the Hill stands a Castle, which not only commands the Town, but also the adjacent Plain. Lon. 70. Lat. 34. 45. Plin. lib. 5.
• Apamea, Apami, an Archiepiscopal Town of Phrygia upon the River Marsyas, where it mixes with the Maeander, 80 miles from Synnada to the South, and about 100 from Lao∣dicea to the West, now but thinly inhabited. Lon. 59. 50. Lat. 39. 50.
• Apamea, Apami, an Archiepiscopal City of Bithynia, by the Turks now call'd Myrlea, seated upon the Propontis towards the Gulf of Polmeure, between Bursa and Cyzicum. Long. 56. 50. Lat. 49. 56.
• Apanta, a Province of the Continent of Southern Ame∣rica, between the Lake of Parime and the River of the Ama∣zons. Texeira affirms, that the Country of the Apantes ex∣tends it self on the other side of the same River to the West of the Province of Coropa.
• Aparia, a Province of Peru in the Southern America, near the River of the Amazons, towards that part where it re∣ceives the Curavaya, to the North of the Province Pacomoro. On the other side it has to the West the Country call'd Canella.
• Apaturia, certain Festivals solemniz'd by the Athenians in Honour of Bacchus, which Budaeus calls the Festivals of Trea∣chery from the Greek word Apate, that signifies Fraud, for the Athenians and Baeotians being at variance about the bounds of their Countreys, their two Kings Melanthius and Xanthius resolved to determine it by single Combat, wherein Xanthius the Baeotian was slain by a trick, for while the two Princes were engaged, there appear'd behind Xanthius a 3d Person clad in a black Goats Skin, at which they of the contrary Party crying out, that it was foul Play to bring a Second, whilst Xanthius looked about to see who the Second was, Me∣lanthius slew him. The Athenians thinking it to be Bacchus who appear'd thus in their favour, instituted the Apaturia in Acknowledgment of his Kindness. Others add, that Aethra, because of some favour she had receiv'd from Pallas, dedicated a Temple to her, ordering that the Troezenian Vir∣gins should consecrate their Girdles to Pallas Apaturia before their Nuptials. Venus was also call'd Apaturia, because when the Gyants sought to have kill'd her, she is said to have hid her self, till by the help of Hercules she slew 'em every one. Hesychius. Herodotus.
• Apelles, call'd the Prince of Painters, born at Cos, liv'd in the 112th Olympiad, about the 422d of Rome. Alexander the Great would suffer none but him to draw his Picture, and gave him one of his Concubines named Campaspes of Larissa, hearing that he fell in Love with her as she sat to be drawn. He painted several Pieces mentioned with admiration by the Ancients, as the Portraiture of Antigonus whom he drew with a side Face to hide the deformity of his lost Eye; a Picture of a Stone Horse, so much to the Life, that the Mares neighed when they saw it; the Two Portraitures of Venus, one issu∣ing out of the Sea call'd Anadyom••ne, the other drawn for his own Countreymen, applauded by Ovid, with several others famous in the Writings of the Ancients. Valerius Maximus. Plin. Horace.
• Apelles the Heretick, Disciple of Marcion, alledg'd there were Two Gods, one Good, and another Bad. This last he said form'd the World, and founded Laws, the other was Author of the Gospel and Redeemer of the World. These Errors were common to him, with his Master Marcion, but being expell'd his Communion, he invented a new Heresie, or rather Learn'd it of Philumene, a young Woman possess'd with an Evil Spirit, which she pretended was the Holy Ghost. He then admitted but one God, made up of infinite Parts, despis'd the Laws and Prophets, and allow'd Jesus but a Body of Air, which he distributed amongst the Ele∣ments when he ascended to Heaven. He also denied the Re∣surrection of the Body. Bar. A. C. 146.
• Apellicon, a Citizen of Athens in the 638 of Rome, heap'd up all the Books that he could get, not that he understood 'em, or had any love for Learning, but to make himself spoken of for his Library. He purchas'd Aristotle's Writings at a dear rate, but Sylla having taken Athens, carried 'em to Rome. Strab. lib. 13.
• Apennine, Ap••nnino, a vast Mountain of Italy, which be∣gins near Savona upon the Coasts of Genea, where it joins the Maritime Alps, from whence it runs through the middle of all Italy, forming a long ridge of Mountains that extend 'emselves like a Bow to the very Streight that parts Italy from Sicily. The Ap••nnine is call'd in several parts by several names, between Linca and Mod••••a, Monte S. Peregrino, and is of a prodigious height, though not quite so high as the Alps, and 700 miles long. Cluvier, lib. 30.
• Apenrade, a small City of Denmark in South Jutland, and the Dutchy of Sleiswick seated upon the Baltic Sea, with a good Haven, 3 Leagues from Hadersleben, 3 from Thensburgh, and 2 from the Island of Als••m.
• Aper Arius, Captain of the Pretorian Bands slew his Son in Law Numerianus the Emperor, An. 284. to advance himself, and conceal'd his death till it was discovered by the Stench of the Corps, whereupon he was seized, and Dicclesian being Proclaim'd Emperor, put him to death, and so fulfill'd the Prediction of a Magician, who told him, that he should be Emperor after he had kill'd a Savage Boar, being the signifi∣cation of Aper's name. This Family of Aper was famous at Rome, several of 'em having been Consuls, as M. Flavius Aper who had been Consul with T. Vetrassius Pollion in the time of the Emperor Aurelius, and Mar. Flav. Aper under Caracalla, An. Ch. 208. as also Aper an ancient and much noted Gram∣marian.
• * Aperit, Oculos, Abrothos, a small Island encompassed with several Rocks, about 70 Leagues from the Coast of Brasile, betwixt Europe and Pernambuca, they are terrible to the Mari∣ners, extending 'emselves under Water above 50 Leagues; There are also other Rocks in these parts call'd by this same name. Hoffman.
• Apetous, Lat. Apetubae, a People of N. America in Brasil near the Government of Puerto Seguro.
• * Aphek, a City of Pal••stine famous for a Temple of Venus, where her Adorers gave 'emselves up to all manner of Lasci∣viousness, as being the place in which she is said to have em∣braced her Adonis, but more memorable in sacred Writ for the overthrow of the Israelites by the Philistins; and the sig∣nal Victory of Ahab over Benhadad K. of Assyria. Bochart des Colonies Phenicians.
• Aphe••ae, a City of Magnesia, in a Province of Thessaly, seated upon the Bay, call'd ••l Golfo del Vollo, from whence the

• ... Argonauts put to Sea, when bound to Colchos. Apoll. de Argon.
• * Aphgasi, a Clan of the Tartars that inhabit on the West side of the Wolga towards the S. of the Kingdom of Astracan, upon the Caspian Sea, to the River Cupa, which falls into the Palus Maeotis beyond whom the Cyrcassian Tartars inhabit between the Euxine and Caspian Seas. Guagninus.
• * Aphion Carasser Hieropolis ad Maenandrum, a great City in the Lesser Asia, but dirty, and ill built. It had an Ancient Castle of Freestone, on a high Rock, separated from the Mountains which lye South of it; and form a kind of Semi-Circle. This City was at first a Bishops See; but now an Archbishops. It lies 35 miles from Philadelphia to the South, in the Borders of Cario. Baudrand.
• * Aphrodisium, a strong and well-fortified City of Bar∣bary in the Kingdom of Tunis, upon the Sea-Coast, 20 Leagues distant from Adrumetum, or Mahumeta. Hoffm.
• Aphrodite, one of the names of Venus, from the Greek word Aphros, which signifies Froth, because the Poets feign her to have been engendred of the Froth of the Sea, by which fiction, the Ancients signified, that moisture was one of the Principles of Generation, of which Venus was reputed the Goddess. Hesychius.
• Aphlardorites, a Sect sprung from the Eutychians in the 6th Century; they could not comprehend our Saviour's Pas∣sion, holding that he was immortal from the very 1st mo∣ment of his conception. Bar. A. C. 535
• Aphyte, or Aphytis, a City of Thrace, not far from Pallene, fam'd for an Oracle of Apollo: The Inhabitants had also Ju∣piter Ammon in great veneration, because he appeared in the Night to Lysander, besieging this City Ammon, and oblig'd him to desist. Pausanias.
• Apian, Born at Osasis in Egypt, liv'd afterwards at Alex∣andria, and succeeded Theon in the Profession of Rhetorick at Rome, in the Reign of Tiberius, thence returning to Alexan∣dria, he was recall'd by Caligula to write against the Jews, and then compos'd that Treatise refuted by Jos••phus. Pliny derides him in the Preface to his Natural History, under the Nickname of Cymbalum Mundi, which Tiberius gave him. Eus. Lib. 2. Hist. c. 5.
• Apiarius, a Priest of the Church of Sicca in Numidia, be∣ing accus'd of several Crimes, was condemn'd by the Bps of that Province about 417. upon which, appealing to Pope Zozimus, he defended himself with so much Artifice, that Zozimus acquitted him: This is said to have been the begin∣ning of Appeals to Rome, of which several Authors have so variously discoursed. Bar. An. C. 419. the 5th Council of Carthage. C. 101.
• Apicata, the Wife of Sejanus, who being divorced, wrote a Memorial with her own hand to Tiberius, discovering the secret contrivances of Drusus's death, the Treasonable con∣currence of young Livia his Wife, debauch'd by Sejanus; the Villanies of Eudemas the Physician, and Ligdus the Eunuch; and so reveng'd her self on her Rival. Tacit. Annal. 4.
• Apicius, a famous Glutton, that spent a considerable Stock, merely to satisfy his intemperance, and wrote a Trea∣tise of the Delicacy of Eating; and after this, if we believe Seneca, he hang'd himself out of despair, when he reflected that he had lavish'd away all his substance, Athene. L. 11. Seneca L. de Consol.
• Apina, an ancient Town of Italy, built by Diomedes, who at the same time founded Trica, and both of 'em being ruin'd since, gave occasion to the Proverb, Apinae & Tricae, to denote trifles: And hence Boufons and Parasites are call'd Apinarii. Martial. Plin.
• Apiolae, an Ancient City of Italy, taken by Lucius Tarqui∣nus the Ancient, with the Plunder of which he lay'd the foun∣dations of the Capitol. Plin.
• Apis, K. of the Argives, the Son of Jupiter and Nicobe Reign'd in Achaia about 35 years, after which, leaving his Kingdom to his Brother Egialeus, he pass'd into Egypt, where he was known under the name of Osiris, and Married Isis, he Civiliz'd the Egyptians, who were before a dull and bru∣tish people; and having taught 'em the manner of Planting and Dressing Vines, was unanimously chosen to be their King. He govern'd 'em prudently, and with so much moderation and justice, that after his death they ador'd him as a God, under the shape of a living Bull, which was kept in a Tem∣ple in the Island of Delta, and it was one of the Principal Arcana of the Egyptian Religion, not to let this Bull live long, but after such a time, to kill him in the Priests Fountain, and then they shav'd their Hair in sign of mourning; great sums were expended at the interment of this Sacred Beast, and the Kings of Egypt themselves were accustomed to attend the Funerals, giving from 50 to 100 Talents at a time to∣wards them; which Ceremony being ended, the Priest ap∣pointed for that purpose, sought another young Beast re∣sembling the former, which so soon as he had found, the Mourning ceas'd. This Beast they tended with great care for 40 days, during which time the Women only were per∣mitted to see it; but then they were also forbidden to ap∣proach it. After this the Priests put the Bull into a cover'd Boat, which had a separate Apartment enrich'd with Gold; and in that manner they carried him with great solemnity to Memphis, whither the Egyptians repair'd to know the truth of several things; for the Bull having two Chambers one within the other, it was taken for a good sign if he enter'd in one, and a bad if he stay'd in the other; he also por∣tended good or evil, according as he took or refus'd his Pro∣vender. When he was publickly shewn, he was always en∣vironed with Guards, and a gang of young Children went before him, singing Hymns in his Praise, who many times transported with a sudden fury, foretold things to come: See more in Serapis. There was also another Apis of Egypt, who was the 1st inventor of Physick, as Clemens Alexandri∣nus, and Theodoret affirm, adding withal, that Esculapius did but enlarge and bring to perfection what the other had found out. Some Authors say, Esculapius himself was the Apis spoke of, others, that it was the Nile so call'd; but a great many hold Apis to have been a rich Egyptian Merchant, who in time of a great Famine help'd those of Alexandria, and they in acknowledgment built him a Temple, which was demolish'd by Theodosius the Great; he had another Tem∣ple at Canope, a Town of Egypt, whither Men and Women flock'd from all places, singing and dancing in very undecent Postures; and this Superstition of the Egyptian Bull did also infect the Indies. Piere de la Val. Tom. 4. Cicero. Ovid. Tacit. Euseb. St. Augustin. Elian. The following Authors add con∣cerning Apis, That this Ox worship'd by Egyptians was con∣secrated to Isis and Osiris; that it was black, white fac'd, and had white spots over the body; That he had the figure of an Eagle upon the Back, and that of a Beetle on the Tongue, and a Crescent on the side, with the hair of the Tail double; That he was call'd the Celestial Bull, and was thought to be conceiv'd by the sole force of the Rays of the Moon, which agrees with the sentiment of Elian and Amianus Marcellinus: Finally, That when this Beast happen'd to die, the Priests, cover'd with Bucks-skins, made a hideous noise, which the people answer'd as mournfully; so that there was nothing but sadness until the new Bull was found, &c. Strab. Herod. Pomponius Mela, Pliny.
• Apodisia, or Aphrodisias, formerly a Bishops See, Suffragan of Stauropolis now almost ruin'd, is in Caria, under the Turks, fam'd for giving birth to Alexander Aphrodisius, with some other great Prelates and Hereticks.
• Apollinares Ludi, certain solemnities instituted in Honour of Apollo, by the Romans, who at that time were Crown'd with Lawrel, and Sacrific'd a Bull and two Goats at their 1st solemnization; It's reported that an unexpected Invasion forc'd 'em to quit their sport, and take to Arms and that during their distraction, a Cloud of Arrows was seen to fall upon their Enemies; so that they presently return'd victorious to their Festival, where they found one C. Pomponius, an old Man, dancing to a Minstrel, and overjoy'd that their sport had been continued without interruption, they cried out, All is safe, seeing an old Man dances; which Speech became after∣wards Proverbial, when any sudden evil is seconded with good event. Macrobius.
• Apollinaris, Bp. of Laodicea, in the 4th Age, taught Rhetoric at Beritus and other places; compos'd part of the Scriptures in Verse, and wrote many Books to supply the want of publick Schoolmasters, which Julian the Apostate had forbidden: After which he became a great Heretick, and affirm'd, That the Divinity of Christ was to him instead of a Soul; That his flesh was sent down from Heaven, and con∣veigh'd through the Virgin as through a Channel; That there were two Sons one born of God, the other of the Vir∣gin; That Jesus Christ was conceiv'd a pure Man, and that afterwards the Word descended into him, and had such ope∣ration in him as in the Prophets, but was not united to his Nature; That it was only by his good works that he be∣came great and perfect; That God was crucified, and that Jesus Christ has no body now; to which his Disciples added many other Figments borrowed from the Manicheans, Tertul∣lian, and Sabellius, which were all condemned in the Synod of Alexandria, where Athanasius was present, and also in the second Oecumenical Council of Constantinople. He wrote a great many Books; but of all his Works there is nothing now extant but an interpretation of the Psalms in Verse. St. Jerome in Chron. 366. Sozomen. Socrates, Ruffin.
• Apollo, the Son of Jupiter and Latena, and Brother of Diana, born at Delos, He is said to have kill'd the Serpent Pytho, because the heat of the Sun dries up the Pestilential Vapours of the Earth; He was feign'd to wear long Hair in re∣semblance of the Sun-beams; the Lawrel was consecrated to him, because the Heathens believ'd that a Lawrel-Leaf, be∣ing lay'd under a sleeping Man's Pillow, made him Dream true Dreams: The Fable of his feeding Admetus's Sheep was to denote, that all Creatures receive particular benefit from the nourishing warmth of the Sun; and his killing the Cyclops for Forging Jupiter's Thunderbolts, alluded to the Suns dispersing those Vapours that occasion the changes of the Air, and various distempers in human Bodies, he is call'd Sun in Heaven, Bacchus on Earth, and Apollo in Hell, and is re∣presented with a Harp to shew us the Harmony of the Spheres, with a Buckler, to signify that he is Defender of the Earth; and with Arrows to denote his power of Life and Death. Natalis Comes. Macrob. Cicero.

• Apollodorus, the name of several persons mention'd in an∣cient Authors, one an Epicurean Philosopher, who wrote 300 several Treatises, and among the rest the Life of Epicurus himself; another a Rhetorician and Grammarian of Pergamus; and Augustus Cesar's Master in the Art of speaking; ano∣ther who wrote the History of the Parthians, cited by Athe∣naeus and Strabo, another of Athens in the time of Ptolomy Physcon a celebrated Grammarian, Author of the Bibliotheca of the Original of the Gods, &c. Lactant. ch. 2. des In∣stitut.
• Apollonia, now Piergo in the Kingdom of Albania, 35 Miles from Dyrrachium to the South, meanly inhabited; there is another in Maccdon upon the River Chabrius or Cilargo, between Thessalonica and Amphipolis, now known by the name of Erisso; another, formerly call'd the Great, in Trace, 20 miles from Renkas, now in ruines, yet known by the name of Sespoli; another in the Kingdom of Barca in Barbary, with a capacious Port, yet meanly inhabited by the Arabi∣ans call'd Bonandrea; another in Asia the less, by the Sea-side, and thought to be the Assos mention'd in the Acts, with se∣veral others of no great consideration.
• Apollonia, a Promontory of Africa upon the Southern Coast of Guinea, near the mouth of the River Mancu, 20 Leagues from the Castle of St. George Della Mina.
• Apollonius, General of Antiochus Epiphanes's Army, and Governor of Samaria, who made War against the Jews, and was slain by Judas Maccabeus. Josephus speaks thus of him, When Apollonius, Governor of Samaria for K. Antiochus, heard how Judas Maccabeus went on, he march'd against him; but the Valiant Commander of God's People defeated his whole Army, kill'd himself, then Plunder'd his Camp, and carried his Sword in triumph. Josephus. He is sup∣posed to be that same who was sent by Seleucus to Rob the Sacred Treasury at Jerusalem; whereupon a Vision of Angels appear'd like Horsemen, and withstood him, so that he fell down half dead; but was restored by the Prayers of the Priests.
• Apollonius, sirnam'd Davas, General of Alexander Balas K. of Syria's Troops enter'd Judaea, and sent word to Jonathan Prince of the Jews, That he design'd to Fight and Conquer him. Jonathan mov'd at this Bravade, march'd immediate∣ly from Jerusalem with 10000 chosen Men, accompanied with his Brother Simon, and made himself Master of the Town of Joppe, and afterwards attack'd Apollonius, and having defeated his whole Infantry, pursued the Horse to Azor, and burnt the Temple of Dagon, where part went to shelter themselves; so that Apollonius lost above 10000 Men by his ill conduct and rashness: This happen'd in the 606 of Rome. Joseph. Lib. 13. Ant. Jud.
• Apollonius Tianaeus living in the 1st Age, was look'd upon a great Magician, and to have understood the Language of the Birds; at the same hour that Domitian was kill'd at Rome, he stopp'd in the middle of his Speech, that he was making to the people of Ephesus, and cry'd out, Strike the Tyrant, strike the Ty∣rant; Thou hast hit him, thou hast wounded him, thou hast slain him; adding, that Domitian was kill'd: The truth of which, agreeing with the certainty of the fact, won him great reputation. Phi∣lostratus, who wrote his Life, reports that he died about the year, 97, or 99, no body being present at his death, after he had impos'd a long time upon the World, and done the Christians much mischief. Aelius Lampridius, who extols him for a Saint, adds, That Alexander Severus, among the rest of his Deities, privately worship'd Christ. Abraham Or∣pheus, and Apollonius Tyaneus.
• Apollophanes, a Stoic, who affirm'd there was but one Virtue, and that was Prudence; also another of the same name, to whom at the time of Christ's Passion, Dyonisius the Areopagite cry'd out, Aut Author naturae patitur, aut Mundi Machina dissolvitur. Vossius.
• Apostolicks, or Apotacticks, Hereticks that sprung from the Encratites, and Cathares took this name, because they made Profession of never Marrying, and renounc'd Riches. St. Epiphanes observes, That these Vagabonds that appear'd about 260, made use for the most part of the Apochryphal Acts of S. Andrew, and S. Thom. S. Epiphanes, S. Augustin, Baro. An. C. 260. There was another Sect of this name a∣bout the 12th Century, they were against Marriage, and ne∣ver went without lew'd Women; they also despis'd Infant-Baptism, Purgatory, Invocation of Saints, and Prayers for the dead and call'd themselves the true body of the Church, condemning all use of flesh with the Manichees. St. Bernard wrote against 'em in 1147. Baron. Genebrard.
• Aportneosis, the Ceremony which the Romans observ'd when they deified their Emperors or great personages, that had de∣served well of their Country; to this purpose they made the figure of the party deceas'd in Wax, and lay'd it in a Bed of State, this Bed was plac'd in a great Hall in the Palace, whether the Senators, Ladies, and Physicians, came for se∣ven days to visit and bear it Company; On the 8th day, the most considerable Senators and Knights carried the Bed to the publick place, the new Emperor, high Priest, Magistrates and Ladies following the Pomp. Here the Emperor having taken his place, the Quire of Musicians sung the praises of the deceas'd, which being done, they walk'd in fine order to the Field of Mars, those that bore the Statues of all great Commanders from Romulus's time, and the representations of the Cities and Provinces subject to the Roman Empire, going first; after these came the Knights and Roman Soldiers with led Horses, and such presents as were made for the ornament of this Pomp. The last bore an Altar cover'd with Ivory, and enrich'd with Gold and Pearls. In Mars's Field was a Pile five or six stories high in form of a Pyramid, cover'd with very rich Tapistry, having the deceas'd Emperors Gold∣en Chariot on the highest; here the Knights deliver'd the Bed to the High Priest, who plac'd it on the 2d Story, which they perfum'd with all sorts of Aromatick and precious Liquors. This done, the new Prince and the deceased's Kinsfolks broke the Image, whilst the Knights on Horse∣back, and the Soldiers ran a foot round the Piles, with great numbers of Chariots, led by Men clad in Purple, repre∣senting the famous Commanders and noble Roman Lords. At last the Emperor rose, and set fire to the Pile, and whilst the Representation burn'd, an Eagle was let loose from the top, which frighted by the Flame, made hast to soar out of sight, and this they made the people believe was the Soul of the Emperor departed going to Heaven. If it were an Empress, or other Lady of high quality, they let loose a Peacock. There was but one of those Solemnities in the time of the Roman Kings, and that was for Romulus; his Mother was al∣so reckon'd a Goddess, but not with solemn Consecration. In the time of the Republick Anna Perennis alone, was the only one to whom the Senate ordered Sacrifice; and Julius Cesar was the only Emperor to whom they ordered such Di∣vine Honours. Goltzius. Rosin Ant. Ro.
• * Appenzel, Lat. Abbatis Cella, a Village of Swisserland, in all respects equal to a City, being very rich, well in∣habited, and large, and gives name to the last of the Swiss Cantons, which in so few, producing so many Warlike Men, that one of them sometimes put a Troop of the Enemy to slight, it was admitted the 13th into the Helvetian League, An. 1513 The Town is scituated on the River Sintra, four Leagues from St. Gall, and six from Constance. The Country is encompassed with extraordinary high Mountains on the Borders of Rhetia, and hath eight other Remarkable Towns besides Appenzel, which were formerly subject to several Lords and Counts then united under the Abbot, and at last form'd themselves into a Commonwealth, by the approba∣tion of the Emperor Rupertus, having obtain'd their liberty from the Abbot, partly by Arms, and partly by Money, An. 1408. But three years after, the Abbot renewing his per∣tensions, they entred into a Confederacy with six of the other Cantons, but were through the Abbot's means proscrib'd by the Emperor, and Excommunicated by the Pope; to the lat∣ter they opposed a contrary decree, banishing his Legate with some of the more obstinate Priests, and cutting off others, and from the former they were protected by their Mountains. The Abbot accusing them to the College of Electors, ob∣tain'd a decree, That the other Towns of Swisserland and the Upper Rhine should reduce them; so that those of Appenzel having lost two Battels, a Peace was concluded, but violated by the Neighbouring Nobility four years after, and the Can∣ton having obtain'd a Victory, possessed themselves of two Neighbouring Vallies, and for a Sum got the Emperor's Pro∣scription taken off; and entring a League as beforesaid, were received as a part of the Helvetick Republick. This Canton is now divided into 12 Parts, six of them call'd the Inner Appenzel, lying near the Town, are Popish; and the other six called the Outer Appenzel, being partly free, and partly subjected to Noblemen, are Protestants, who think it their interest to live apart from the Papists. Hoffman.
• Appian, a Greek Historian, descended from one of the best Families of Alexandria, where he became so considerable at the Bar, that he was chosen to be one of the Emperor's Pro∣curators. His History containing about 24 Books, began with the burning of Troy, to the Reign of Augustus, from whence he continued it down to Trajan; but of all these numerous Volumes, we have only some few left, containing the Punic, Syrian, Parthian, Mithridatic, Spanish, Civil, and Illyrian Wars, and a fragment of the wars with the Gauls, of which one Edition was Printed by H. Stephens; and ano∣ther at Amsterdam in 1670. Vossius L. 2. de Hist. Graec.
• Appian, James, Prince of Piombino in Tuscany, Nephew to Pope Martin V. liv'd in the 15th Age, and having no Chil∣dren by his Wife, made use of a young Woman which he fancied, and she being with Child, and coming near her time, he invited the Florentins and Sienois to stand Gossips. The Deputies of these Citizens coming accordingly, were strangely surpriz'd to see a Child as black as any Egyptian, which unexpected accident also amaz'd the Prince, and hin∣dred the Celebration of the Ceremony; so that the Deputies returned as they came. A Moor, one of the Prince's Servants, was suspected to have been before hand with his Master, and his flight confirm'd the suspicion. Aen. Sylv. Eur. c. 56.
• Appian way, a High-way from Rome, through Capua to Brundusium, 350 miles in length, of which, some of the Pavement still remains, first done by Appius Claudius, from the Porta Capena, to Capua, and continued to Brundusium, either by C. Gracchus the Tribune, or C. Caesar, or else by Augustus. 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• which lies upon the Euphrates is the most considerable. The Plains of Sand are so spacious and long as to take up 12 days Journey, and Travellers are forc'd to direct 'emselves by the Mariners Compass, and suffer much for want of Wa∣ter, that which they have being also of an ill taste. Some say that it is governed by one King, who has a moving Court, and others, that it is governed by Petty Princes who have their dependance upon the Turks. Arabia the Happy call'd in Scripture Saba and Sabea from Saba, Ham's Grandson, is a vast Peninsula that stretches out from the Mountains that seperate the 2 other Arabia's to the Ocean. Upon the right hand of it Westward lies the Red Sea or Sea of Mecca, call'd also the Arabian Gulf; on the left hand East∣ward the Gulf of Balsora, and Ormus call'd the Persian Gulf Southward; right before it lies the Eastern or Indian Sea call'd also the Sea of Arabia. This is a fertile Country, and produces Balsom, Myrrh, Frankincense, Cassia, Manna, and se∣veral other Drugs and Spices, but the most fruitful part of the Country is that which lies between Cape Razalgate and Cape Mozandon. The chief Towns of this Country are Me∣dina, Mecca, Zibit, Tatach, Almacarana, Maroba, Misfa, Mas∣cat, Sohar, Bahr, Mascalat, and several others; some of which are under particular Princes, and others, which is rare in Asia, observe a Democratical Government. The Air of all Arabia and the Neighbouring Country is pretty healthful, though extraordinary hot, in some places it rains but twice or thrice in a year, in other places rarely at all, but there is a dew in the night which supplies that want. The Sands are carried about by the Winds, and rais'd in Mountains, some∣times in one place, and sometimes in another, so that no body can be certain of their way any otherwise then by the Compass, and many times Travellers are choak'd and over∣whelm'd with the Sands. In Arabia Faelix they have abun∣dance of Animals of different Species, but their Camels and Horses are most esteem'd. In their Seas are found Coral, Pearl, and the Cornalin much esteem'd because easie to be en∣graved. Most of the Arabians pretend to be descended from I••mael, they are lean and swarthy, have a wild kind of look, wear their Beards long, looking upon them as sacred, and therefore perfume their Guests Beards as a sign of their great esteem for them; They are also superstitious, melancholy, thoughtful, sober, and contented with little, sowre Milk is a delicious Drink amongst them. Those that live in Cities are Tradesmen, traffick, or addict themselves to the Study of Philosophy, Physick, Astrology, and Mathematicks. They that live in the Country are divided into several Clans, or Tribes, under their particular Cherifs, or Heads, to whom they are very obser••ant; these lie in Tents, and make no no longer stay in any place than there is food for their Cattel: They agree well enough among themselves, and Rob in whole Regiments, setting sometimes upon great Caravans, and Plundering those who carry the Grand Seignior's Reve∣nues; they are always Arm'd, and for the most part on Horse-back, and Rob Strangers, but seldom kill; They bring their Horses up to any thing, and are such great lovers of 'em, that they keep their Genealogy, tho' they are generally ig••orant of their own. At their entertainments they sit ••ound on the Earth, or upon their Knees, holding their Arms a cross upon their Stomachs, or putting one of their hands under their Elbow, and Combing their Beard with the other; their Beards they esteem Sacred, Swear by them, and look upon it as a great injury to have any body touch them, or cast any soul thing upon them. The Arabians of Africa came thither in 635. and another Race of them in 999. They live in Villages composed of Tents, having two passa∣ges, which in the Night they shut up with Thorns to keep out Lions; They are lazy, poor, and miserable, degene∣rating from their Ancestors, who extended their Conquests into Asia, Africa, and Europe. They are Lovers of Philoso∣phy, Astrology and Physick, and have had great Men in all these Faculties; their Language is fine and ancient, and their Letters join'd together, several of them being not di∣stinguishable but by Points. Their Aera or Date is the Hegi∣ra from the 16th of July 622. They had formerly very potent Princes, who made war against the Assyrians, Aegyp∣tians, Persians, and Romans, Jews and Graecians, and under their Califfs had a great Command in Asia and Africa, under the name of Saracens. There were two Councels held in Arabia, the first against Beryllus Bp. of Bostra, who denied that Christ had a distinct Essence from the Father, before his Incarnation, from which Origen Reclaim'd him about 229. Another was held about 246. against some Bps. who held that the Soul died and rose again with the Body; which Origen also refuted. The Ancient Inhabitants of Arabia Fae∣lix had a Custome, that one Wife served all the Kindred, or at least all her Husbands Brethren. An Instance there is in Strabo, Lib. 6. of a certain King that had a beautiful Daugh∣ter, and 15 Sons who were all in Love with her, and being Married to the eldest she nighted with him, but the rest had access to her by day; and as they went in they left their Staff at the door, so that none must enter while that was there. This Woman being wearied out, got a Staff like one of theirs, and set it at the door to prevent their coming so fre∣quently; which one of the Brethren perceiving, and know∣ing where he had left the other 14. he accused her of Adul∣tery, which their Laws punish'd by death; but the matter being discovered she was acquitted. They used to Circum∣cise all their Males at 13 years old, because Ishmael was Cir∣cumcis'd at that Age, Gen. 17. These People were from him first called Ishmaelites, next Hagarens, and at last Saracens, chusing rather to be called after the Mistress than the Maid. They call themselves the Noblest People in the World, and for that reason Match with no other. They were never sub∣dued by the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, nor Turks; but ac∣cording to Morden, the Grand Seigniours Bassa's pay to those Vagabond Arabians, to preserve themselves from being Spoiled in their Journeys. The Beduins noted for Robbery, have their principal maintenance that way; and are so dex∣trous on Horseback, in managing their Bows and Half-pikes, that 10 of them will attack 30 Turkish Musqueteers. Arabia Petrea was anciently possess'd by the Midianites, Moabites, Amalekites, and Edomites; and in this Country Reigned Og, King of Bashan: It has its name from Petra, a Rock, and a strong City built upon it, Besieged in vain by Severus and Trajan, who threw away his Imperial habit, and fled from before it for his Life. It is thought to be the same which Amaziah K. of Judah took by War, and called Jektheel, after he had slain 10000 Edomites, 2 Kings 14.7. The Soldans of Egypt kept their Treasure therein, because of their strength. The Arabians in former Ages were Idolaters, adoring the Sun, Moon, and Stars, and sometimes Trees and Serpents: They also had a particular Veneration for the Court of Al∣cara, or Aquebila, which they believ'd was built by Ismael. And it's generally thought, that the Magi who came to adore our Saviour, were the first Apostles of their Country, where St. Jude afterwards Preach'd the Gospel: But Mahomet per∣verted his simple and credulous Country-men, who propa∣gated this new Sect after his death; now they adhere to Melick's Interpretations of the Alcoran, thô some follow Od∣man: But the Arabians of Africa have set up above 60 diffe∣rent Sects. The Arabick Language is so well understood in Abyssinia, that they that speak it may Trade and Travel in that Country, as well in their own. Amongst the Arabians of Asia there are some Greek Christians towards Mount Sinai and Hor••b towards the Red Sea, and in the Desarts of Arabia Pe∣trea and Deserta; but there are few or none at all in Arabia the Happy, unless it be at Mascate, Galasate, and in some other places that belong to the Portugueses. Tavernier, Christo∣phorus Furerus, H••rodot. Hottinger. Joseph. Strabo. Diodor. Sicul. Zonaras. Marmol. Paul. Jov.

• * Arabicus sinus, the Red Sea, Mer Rouge, and Mer de la Mecque by the French, extends it self between the Upper and Lower Ethiopia, Egypt and Arabia, dreaded by the Seamen, by reason of the Rocks and Shallows near to both Shoars, espe∣cially that of Arabia, where it is supplied but with few Ri∣vers. It was that which the Israelites pass'd through. Hoffman.
• * Arabinus, an Infamous Judge, especially for taking Bribes, turn'd out of the Senate by the Emperor Alexander Severus, with this exclamation, O Deities! O Jupiter, O Im∣mortal Gods, Arabinus not only lives, but has the Impudence to come into the Senate. Herodian.
• * Arach, or Petra, the chief City of Arabia Petrea, sup∣pos'd to be the same with Rabah Capital of Moab; it was afterwards an Abps See, 1st under the Patriarch of Alexan∣dria, and then under him of Jerusalem; It was formerly also call'd Syriacopolis, and Mens Regalis, and now call'd Arach: It stands on the Borders of Pal••stine. Long. 66.45. Lat. 30. 20. There was also a Town of this name built by Nimrod. Gen. 10.
• Arachne, the Daughter of Idmon, a Lydian Virgin, so skilful at the Needle, that she ventur'd to contend with Minerva, who to punish her Insolence tore her work in pieces; which grieved Arachne so much, that she hang'd her self: However Minerva was so compassionate to her, that she turn'd her into a Spider. The Mythologists by Arachne denote Nature, by Minerva Art, which Polishes the former. Ovid.
• Arad, Arath, Hudar, one of the Kings of Canaan, when the Israelites Conquered that Country, which was afterwards the boundary of the Tribe of Judah to the S. E. He beat them in a Battel, till they called in the Divine assistance by a Vow, after which they prevailed, slew him, and destroyed his Cities, and called the place they stood on Hormah, that is, an utter destruction. Here the Posterity of Jethro, Moses's Fa∣ther-in-law chose to live, Numb. 21.1. There is also a Mountain in Asia of this name, well known for the Fable of Prometheus, and is that part of Mount Taurus, which lies between the Euxin and Caspian Sea from E. to W. running through the Countries of the Mingrelians, Ceitachians, Achaeans, and the Asiatick Tartars; these Mountains are very high, and always cover'd with Snow: This ridge of Mountains has several names.
• Arafat, a Mountain in the midst of a spacious Plain, a∣bout a League from Mecca, with a Mosque at the Top, whe∣ther the Turkish Pilgrims, after they have taken seven turns about the Temple of Mecca, and sprinkled themselves with the Waters of the Wells Zemzem, retire in the Evening, and

• spend that night and the next day in Devotion. The day following they kill a great many Sheep in the Valley, at the foot of the Hill, of which the send part to their Friends, and distribute the rest to the Poor, in memory of the Obla∣tion which Abraham would have made of his Son Isaac. Ricaut of the Ottoman Empire.
• Aragon, otherwise in Latin Tarraconensis Hispaniae where formerly the Jacetani, Lacetani, and Acitani liv'd, lies be∣tween the Pirencans next to France, Navarr, Castille and Cata∣lonia. At present Aragon, is a barren Country, and but thinly inhabited. The Chief City of the Country is Saragossa, up∣on the Ebro, the others are Hiesca, Jacca, Tarrasona, Monson, Albara, Sin, Balbastro, Darosa, &c. There is also a River of this name which rises out of the Pyrenean Mountains, near the Village of Sancta Christina, runs by Sanguessa, &c. and joyning with the Arga, throws it self into the Ebro, a little below Calahorra.
• Arakil-vant, a Village and famous Monastery at the foot of Mount Ararat in Armenia. This name signifies the Mo∣nastry of the Apostles, and is a place the Armenians have a great Devotion for, because they believe Noah retir'd thither after the Deluge, to Sacrifice to God for his own and Fami∣lies preservation. They also give our, that St. Andrew's and St. Matthew's were found there. Chard. Voyage de Perse, in 1673.
• Aran, or the Valley of Aran Arantia, a very fertile Valley of Aragon, in the Pyrenees; La Vieilla is the most considerable Borough of the Country. This Valley is near St. Beat, and it's in its Mountains that the Garonne has its source.
• Ararat, a Mountain of Armenia, near the City of Erivan, upon which the Ark of Noah rested after the Deluge, so high, that a Dutch Traveller assures us, that in the year 1670. he was seven days a going up to the top, at five Leagues a day; That before he got thither, he came into the 2d Re∣gion of the Air, where the Clouds are thickn'd into Rain, Snow, &c. which renders it so cold, that he was ready to perish; that afterwards, when he got higher, the Air was more tempe••ate. He adds these other particularities, That he is satisfied this Mountain is higher than either Caucasus or Mount Taurus; That at every five Leagues distance he found a Hermit's Cell; That these Hermits gave him Guides to lead him the right way; That a Hermit which liv'd on the very Simmet, told him, that for 20 years that he liv'd there, he neither felt Heat or Cold, nor saw a drop of Rain; he would also make him believe, that Noah's Ark was still en∣tire in a certain place of the Mountain, the Temperateness of the Air hindring it from rotting away, and gave him a Cross which he pretended was of that Ark. Mallet discripti∣en de Lunivers.
• * Arasth, a City of the Province of Asgar in the Kingdom of Fez, upon the Western Coast, where the River Luca falls into the Ocean. It's surrounded with good Walls, and has the advantage of a convenient Harbour for small Vessels. The Country round about affords good store of Cotton, and the River furnishes the Inhabitants with excellent Shad Fish. Marmol.
• Aratus, General of the Acheans, defeated Nicocles Tyrant of Sicyon, and united that City to the Republick of the Ache∣ans, when but 20 years of Age, about 502 of Rome; Nine years after he surpriz'd the Castle of Corinth call'd Acrocorin∣thus, and expell'd the Garison of Antigonus Gonatas K. of Ma∣cedon. He made Alliances with Ptolomy K. of Egypt, and de∣livered Argos from its Tyrants. He restor'd Philip II. of Ma∣cedon to his Kingdom, for which Kindness that ungrateful Prince caus'd him to be poyson'd in the 540 of Rome. Plut. Paus. Polybius.
• Aratus, born at Soli a City of Cilicia, flourish'd in the time of Ptolomy Philadelphus toward the 480 of Rome, and spent most of his time in the Court of Antigonus Gonatas the Son of Demetrius Polyorketes, where he wrote his Phanomena and Dios••m••ia, so pleasing to Cucro, Claudius, and Germanicus Caesar, that all Three translated 'em into Latin. Several Learn'd Men have bestow'd Comments upon these Pieces, amongst others Sir Edw. Sherbourn. Vossius.
• Arauro, a River, City, and Valley of South America, the most fertile in the Country, between the Cities de la Concep∣tion and Imperiale, on the Sea of Chili, and near the River Lebo. The People of Arauco were at continual Wars with the Spaniards for above 100 years, but a Peace was concluded betwixt 'em in 1650.
• * Araya, one of the most Celebrated Capes in S. America, it stretcheth with a sharp point from W. to E. overagainst the W. point of Margaretta, forming the N. Point of the River Orenoque. It has Salt Pits that yield a vast quantity of fine Salt, much beyond whatever was discovered elsewhere in the World. There is a great controversie from whence this Salt should come the Sea never overflowing it, and the Author thinks it comes from the nature of the Soil, coagulated by the Rain Water, and boil'd up to Salt by the heat of the Sun, which is here very intense, and the same is observed in the inland parts of Africa, and Asia, where Sea Water could never come. The Soil yields nothing else of Use to the Life of Man, but the Inhabitants fetch their Water at 3 miles distance. Till the year 1605 the Dutch fetched Salt freely here, but then 18 Spanish Men of War fell unexpectedly upon them, and destroyed their Ships. In 1622 there was a great Controversie about these Salt Pits between the Spa∣niards and the Dutch W. India Company, whereupon the King of Spain built a Fort to hinder them from coming at it. Laet. p. 671. Lat. 11.22. N.
• Araxes, a large and rapid River rising out of the Ararat Mountains of Armenia, which after it has been swell'd with several lesser Rivers and Torrents, falls at last into the Caspian Sea. Bridges have been built over it several times, but all the Art of Man could never make 'em strong enough to resist the violence of its Stream, wherefore Virgil 8 Aenaeid. gives it this Epithete: Et pontem indignatus Araxes. When the Snow melts from the Hills, there is no Mould or Dam but what its impetuosity will beat down before it, but when the Waters are low it may be foorded over upon Camels near to Esqui Julfa, where the Channel being broad, is neither too deep, nor the Stream over violent. Strab. Lib. 8.
• Arba or Arbee, a City of Palestina formerly call'd Hebron Mamre; it was the burying-place of the 4 Patriarchs, Adam, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, Gen. 23. There is also an Island and City, with a Bishops See of this name in the Adriatick Gulf on the Coast of Dalmatia.
• Arbaces, Governor of the Medes for Sardanapalus, so highly concerned to see his Sovereign Spinning amongst a company of Women, that he caus'd the People to Revolt, and put himself at their Head to dethrone the Effeminate Monarch; The Issue was, that Sardanapalus burnt himself in his Palace, and Arbaces being proclaim'd King, began the Monarchy of the Medes, which lasted 317 years under 9 Kings, till Astyages was expelled by Cyrus. Arbaces Reign'd 22 years, and died A. M. 3206. Justin. Petnu. Ration. Temp.
• Arbela, a City of Sicily, whose Inhabitants were so sottish that it gave occasion to the Proverb, Quid non fies Arbelas profectus.
• Arbela, a Town of Assyria upon the River Lycus, famous for the 3d Battle which Alexander fought against Darius, the gaining of which won him the Empire of Persia. This Battel was fought Octob. 1. in the 2d year of the CXII Olym∣piad, 331 years before Christ, and several Authors observe, that there was a great Ecclipse of the Moon 11 days before the Fight. Tavernier. Q. Curt. l. 1. c. 1. The place of Battel was a pleasant and fruitful Plain, about 15 Leagues in com∣pass, and well Watered. In the middle it has a Mountain upon which rises a Hill half a League in compass, covered with lovely Oaks. The Memory of Darius's defeat here is conserved by Tradition from Father to Son.
• * Arbes, a City of the Kingdom of Tunis in Barbary, 2 days Journey from Bona to the South, and 3 from Cairuan or Cai∣roan to the S. W. Nub. p. 88. It stands on the most beau∣tiful Plain in Africa, and is Watered by plenty of delicate Fountains. Here are many Roman Antiquities and Inscripti∣ons, and it's Walls are beautiful and strong.
• Arbogastus, born in Gaul, insinuated himself so well into the favour of Valentian the Younger, and Theodosius, that he was sent to oppose Victor the Son of Maximus, who endeavoured to preserve that part of the Empire which his Father had usurped, and acquitted himself so well, that he defeated and slew Victor, which gain'd him a high Reputa∣tion both at Court and in the Army. Afterwards his hatred to Sunnon and Marcomir engaged Valentian in an unsuccessful War against those Princes, which made him grow so weary of Arbogastus, that he gave him a Discharge from his Em∣ployments with his own hands. But Arbogastus was then ar∣rived at such a height of insolence, that he tore the said Discharge before the Emperor's face, but fearing his Resent∣ment, plotted with the Chamberlain, and Strangled the Emperor in his Bed. Arbogastus was after this vanquish'd by Theodosius, and to prevent his falling into his Power laid vio∣lent hands upon himself. Gregoire de Tours, l. 2.
• Arbogen or Arbo, a City of Sueden in the Province of West∣mania upon a River of its own name.
• Arbois, a small City in the Franche-Comte, supposed to be the Arborossa of Ammianus Marcellinus, famous for good Wine.
• Arben, Lat. Arber Faelix, a City of Swisserland under the Bishop of Constance between Windisch and Bregends in Suabia.
• Aruoriches, suppos'd by some to be the ancient Inhabitants of Zealand, and by others the ancient Taxandri about Mastricht converted by St. Lambert. Bishop Mire Becan.
• Arcadia, a Province of Peloponnesus, now call'd Traconia, bounded with the Country of Argos to the East, Elis to the West, Achaia Propria to the North, and Messenia to the South. It was first call'd Pelasgria from Pelasgus K. of the Country, afterwards Arcadia from Areas Son of Jupiter and Calisto It's chief Towns are Megalopolis, Mantimee, famous for the Battel fought by the Thebeans commanded by Epaminondas, against the Lacedemonians, which last kill'd 10000 Arcadians, about the 386th of Rome, without the loss of one Man of their side, and sometime after they drew all Greece upon 'em for their Sacrilege in plundering the Temple of Jupiter Olympicus. This Country has been these 280 years under the Turks, till of late it was regain'd by the Venetians, with the rest of the Peloponesus. This Country was govern'd by Kings until about A. M. 3210, when Aristocrates their K. being en∣gaged

• in a bloody War with the Lacedemonians, kill'd himself at his Daughters Tomb. The Country is Mountanous and Woody, but fruitful in Corn and Pasturage, and abounds with Springs, Lakes, Pools, and Rivers; the People are va∣liant and Warlike. Polybius. Pausanias.
• Arcadius, the Son of Theodosius the Great, Emperor of the East, Married Eudoxia the Daughter of Leontius, which Ruf∣finus his Tutor, and Captain of the Pretorian Bands, who de∣sign'd him for his own Daughter, resenting, stirr'd up the Goths against him, in hopes that Arcadius should be forced to make him his Companion in the Empire, but this design was so odious to the Soldiers, that they kill'd him before the very Tribunal, when he came thither to be propos'd. Ruffinus thus put out of the way, Cajanus a Gothic Captain, and an Arian, reduc'd the Emperor to those streights, that he was forc'd to deliver him up his dearest Friends and best Coun∣sellors to be cruelly murdered, however Cajanus was after∣wards defeated, and his Head cut off, and brought to Con∣stantinople, and there expos'd to the derision of the People. After this happy Execution, Arcadius destroy'd the Temples of the Gentiles, expell'd the Arians, and caus'd the Laws against Hereticks and Arians to be exactly put in execution. A happy Emperor had he govern'd himself, not been led away by his Wife, and Eunuchs, through whose persuasion he banish'd St. Chrysostom. He died An. 408, aged 31. Socrates, lib. 5. Theophanes.
• Arcas, the Arcabrica of the Ancients, now a small Town of Spain in Castille, formerly very considerable, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Toledo. The Bishops See was translated to Cuensa by Lucius III. at the request of Alphonso IX. King of Castilie. Garsias Loaisa.
• Arcas, the Son of Jupiter, and Calisto, who narrowly miss'd killing his Mother, whom Juno had transform'd into a Bear, and therefore to prevent the like misfortune Arcas was also chang'd into one, and both placed in the Heaven to form the Constellations of the greater and lesser Bear, so much observ'd by Mariners. Ovid. Metam.
• Arcathon, a Harbour of France in Aquitain upon the Ocean, between the mouths of the Garonne and the Alour, hardly 6 Leagues distant from Bourdeaux to the West.
• A••casilaus, a Native of Pitane, a City of the Aeolians, first the Disciple of Autolycus the Mathematician, whom he fol∣low'd to Sardis, then of Xan••hus the Musician, and Theo∣phrastus, but coming to Athens he betook himself wholly to Crantor, and was Founder of the Second or Middle Academy; He taught, that all things were so uncertain, that it was above the power of Man to distinguish Truth from Falshood; he was a subtil Disputant, and a good Orator, very obliging, and extreamly Liberal, as appears by his favours to Actesibius, to whom he sent a Thousand Crowns, with all his Gold and Silver; and at another time lay'd a Bag full of Crowns un∣der his Pillow. One day being ask'd, Why so many of his sect turn'd Epicureans, when none of the Epicureans ever quit∣ted theirs? He answer'd, That a Man might easily make him∣self an Eunuch; but an Eunuch could never make himself a Man. Meaning, that it was easie to slip from Wisdom to Debauche∣ry; but almost impossible to return from Debauchery to Wisdom. Lactantius, Lib. 30. Herodotus.
• * Archangel, Lat. Archangilopolis, St. Michael Archangel, in French a famous Emporium in the Province of Duris, in the N. of Muscovy, upon the River Dixina, which near this place divides into two Branches, making the Island of Podesmeske, and falls into the White Sea, six German Miles beneath this City. This Passage was first discovered by Richard Chandler an Englishman, An. 1554. before which time the Muscovites had no Commerce with these parts of the World, but by the Baltick, the Narve, and Poland; whereupon the English were at first treated with great kindness by the Muscovites, and their Emperor Basilovite granted the English the sole privi∣lege of Trading thither, An. 1569. but the Dutch, Danes, and Swedes, have now as much liberty as they: And Arch∣angel being but a Village at that time, is now become a Rich and Populous City, Lat. 64.
• Archangel, Mr. Lane relates that in the year 1553. Sir Hugh Willoughby was sent to discover the N. E. Passage to China; Richard Chancellor, the Master of one of the Ships, was separated from the Fleet, and by chance arrived at Arch∣angel, and Wintered there that year, of which see more be∣low. Sir Hugh Willoughby, with 70 Men, perished that year in Lapland.
• When Chanceller first came into the White Sea, he found a Boat Fishing, which having never before seen a Ship fled from him, and when he came up with them, fell down at his feet, and would have kissed them, and were hardly to be persuaded to sell him any thing without leave of their Prince; but they gave him plenty of Victuals for nothing: The Emperor was very kind, and in 1555. a Company was settled there under Mr. Geo. Killingworth upon good Privileges.
• This place in all the ancient Voyages is called Colmogro, and is placed 100 Verstes from the Bay of St. Nicholas, Lat. 64. 25. by Mr. Jenkinson; The River is called Pinego. In the year 1566. the Emperor of Russia granted to Queen Eliza∣beth, That no Ship of any other Nation but the English, should Trade to any of his Ports on the North Sea, from Wardhouse to the River Obb. The Ports are reckoned thus: Petzora, Cola, Mezen, Petchnigo, the Island of Shallaway, on the mouth of Dwina, Colmogro, or the River Obb. From Colmogro to Wardhouse is 800 Versts; from Colmogro to Uromo, The far∣thest place of Trade with the Samoieds are 345 Versts. Bur∣rough an Englishman observed the true Latitude of Michael Archangel to be 64.54. That of Colmogro to be 64. 25. The Meridian Altitude at Archangel 42. 30. at Colmogro 42. 15.
• Archangel is placed on the E. side of the Dwina, and when we were there (in 1663.) was not very great; but yet so populous, that it could scarce hold the Inhabitants and People that resorted thither to Trade with the English and Hollanders, Carlile's Ambassy, p. 79. Soon after this it was burnt and almost all reduced to Ashes, p. 91. The Castle of this place was built about 1506. and this Town became a Mart about 1591. the Road for Ships being at St. Nicholas on Rose Island, and the Mart at Colmogro.
• Archelaus, Son of Herod the Great, succeeded him as K. of Judea, in the 2d year of Christ, as he was preparing to go to Rome for Cesars confirmation: He put 3000 Men to death for a Sedition that happen'd when he punish'd certain persons that had pull'd down a Golden Eagle set up over the Portal of the Temple. Antipas, his Brother, contended with him for the Crown; and the Jews who detested the Cruelties of Archelaus, favour'd his Title: So that Augustus, under the Title of Ethnarch, gave him the half of what Herod possess'd, our Judea, Idumea, and Samaria. Returning to Judea he displac'd Joazar, and conferr'd the High Priesthood upon Eleazar; and after that he Married Glaphyra, Alexander's Widow, the K. of Cappadocia's Daughter; but in the 10th year of his Government, Augustus, upon the complaints which the Jews made of his Tyranny, banish'd him to Vienna in the Dauphinate, where he died. Josephus, Lib. 17. Antiq. Jud.
• Archelaus I. K. of Macedon, Son and Successor of Perdicas 2d. was a most cruel Prince, and designing to secure his King∣dom by the death of all his nearest Relations, threw his own Brother, not above seven years of Age, into a Well; and Murder'd Alcetas and Alexander at a Banquet to which he had invited 'em. He adorn'd his Kingdom with beautiful Edifices, fortified all his Cities, and increas'd the number of his Forces both by Sea and Land: But one of his Favourites, to whom he had promis'd his Daughter, which he gave to a∣nother, kill'd him. Thucidides, Lib. 2.
• Archelaus, General of Mithridates's Forces in Athens, va∣liantly defended the Gate of that City, call'd the Piraeum, against Scylla General of the Roman Army. It's reported, that when he perceiv'd Scylla's design of putting fire to one of the Towers, he rub'd it over with Allum, which fru∣strated all his efforts; yet the City was taken, and Scylla caus'd Archelaus to be slain at the foot of the Altar, whe∣ther he fled for refuge. Aul. Gellius, L. 14.
• Archelaus, a Philosopher was the Disciple of Anaxagoras and Socrates's Master, nor did he less deserve the Title of a Physician, because he was the 1st that brought the Physick of Ionia to Athens. He affirm'd that Heat and Cold were the Principles of all things; and was the 1st that discover'd, that the Voice was nothing but a certain modification of the Air. He likewise held that the World was Infinite; and that whatever was just or unjust, was only so by custome. He flourish'd about the LXXXIV. Olympiad, 444 years be∣fore Christ. Diog. La. vit. Phi.
• Archias, a Native of Corinth, descended from Hercules, built the City of Syracuse 13 years after the foundation of Rome: Having his choice given him by the Oracle which he consulted, whether he would have Health or Riches, he chose the latter. Dionisius Halicarn.
• Archidamia, the Daughter of Cleonymus K. of Sparta, un∣derstanding that the Senate had made a Decree, that all the Women should depart the City before Pyrrhus sate down be∣fore it, as he threatned to do, went with a Sword in her hand into the Council-Chamber, and told the Senators, That the Mothers of so many brave Warriors as were preparing to fight the publick Enemy, had no less Courage than themselves, in the de∣fence of their Country; and by that means obliged the Senate to revoke their Decree. Plutarch in Pyrrho.
• Archidamus, K. of Sparta, Son of Agesilaus the Great, suc∣ceeded his Father in the year of Rome 392. cut off 10000 Arcadians, without the loss of one Man on his side; fur∣nish'd the Phoceans under hand with Men and Money, which they made use of to Plunder the Temple of Delphos. Being call'd by the Tarentines to assist 'em against the Luca∣nians and Brutians, he Sail'd into Italy with a numerous Fleet, but was kill'd as soon as he Landed, by the Messapians. When first he saw the Arcubalista's, or Engines to sling Stone, he said, That True Manhood and Courage was going out of the World, when Men were inventing ways to fight at a di∣stance. Being ask'd how far the Lacedemonians Dominions extended? He replied, As far as they could carry their Lances. Seeing a Physician that would needs be making Verses with∣out any good success; I wonder, said he, you should chuse ra∣ther to be counted a bad Poet, than a good Physician. Hearing how Philip, after a Victory obtain'd, threatned the Lacedae∣monians, he bid him look upon his shadow in the Sun, and

• he should find it no bigger than before the Victory. Plu∣tarch in Apotheg.
• Arch••uke, his Privileges among others are, That he re∣ceives his Investiture from the Emperor or his Ambassadors, with the Ceremony of the Sword within his own Territo∣ries. He receives it sitting a Horse-back, cloath'd in a Royal Ma••tle, having a Battoon of Command in his hand, and a Ducal Crown upon his Head. He is, by birth, chief of the Emperors Council, and cannot be proscrib'd or banish'd; all attempts against his person are punish'd with the Penal∣ties of High Treason: And he Administers Justice within his own Territories without Appeal, by virtue of a Privi∣lege granted by Charles the 5th. Du Cange.
• Archilachus, an Iambic Greek Poet, born at Paros 666 years before Christ, was so sharp and Satyrical upon Lycam∣bus, who Married his Daughter to another, thô he had pro∣mis'd her to him, that he caus'd him to Hang himself; he was so careless of what he said to the disgrace of any one, that the Spartans were forbid to read his works. Pau∣sanias.
• Archimedes, of Syracusa, an Excellent Mathematician, so very much given to his Studies, that his Servants were often forced to break open his Closet, and take him from his Con∣templation to eat. He invented many fine Machines, and made a Sphere of Glass, whose Circles represented the mo∣tions of the Heavens. He discover'd the Goldsmith's Cheat, and how much other Metal he had mix'd with the Kings Gold in making the Crown, without melting or otherways spoiling that Curious Piece; and was so extraordinary pleas'd when he had made this discovery, that he ran naked from his Bath into the Town, crying out like a Mad Man, I have found it, I have found it, no body understanding what he meant. When Marcellus besieged Syracusa, he found means to raise the Roman Ships into the Air, and set 'em on fire with Burning-Glasses of his own Invention. When the Town was taken, he was so very intent upon a Demonstration of Geometry, that he neither heard the noise, nor minded any thing else, until a Soldier that found him tracing of Lines ask'd him his Name, and upon his Request to be gone, and not disorder his Figure, kill'd him. Marcellus who had given express orders to use him civilly, was much concern'd for his death, and receiv'd his surviving Friends very kindly for his sake. He was slain in the 542 of Rome, and 212 before Christ. We have several Pieces of his Works, as Opera Mechanica. Circuli dimensio. De numero Aren. &c. Plutarch in Vita Marcelli.
• Archinus, a Citizen of Argos, who being ordered to distri∣bute new Arms to the Inhabitants, and put up the old ones, Arm'd a Company of Mercenary People, and made himself Master of the City. Polyenus.
• Archipelago, which the English Seamen call the Arches, is that part of the Ocean which lies between Asia, Macedon, and Greece.
• Archipelago de Maldivas, a part of the Indian Ocean to∣wards the Coast of Malabar and Maldivas, where are 600 different Islands.
• Archipelago di Mexico, is the Gulph of Mexico, com∣monly so call'd by the English, Dutch, and French, where there are infinite numbers of Islands.
• Archipelago du Nouveau Pais bas, part of the Northern Ocean in North America, between the Coast of the New Belgium, and the Island vulgarly call'd l'Ange Eylandt, strew'd with little Islands.
• Archipelago di St. Lazaro, part of the Eastern Sea toward the Island of Thieves, between Japan, the Philippines and New Guiney.
• Architecture, or the Art of Building. This Art is not so ancient as the use of Houses, which necessity forc'd Men to build in the very beginning, but neither durable nor beau∣tiful until the first Inhabitants left wandring, and settled in particular places, then they began to build more solidly, and at last becoming powerful and rich, would be magnifi∣cent in their Building, which gave occasion to invent the Rules of Architecture, whereof the Ancients had two sorts, Civil and Military, the first is still in use, but the second has chang'd, because of the different ways of defending places, and fortifying 'em, since the invention of Powder and Cannon. The Masters of this Art have invented 5 different Orders of Architecture, with Proportions and Ornaments suitable to the bigness, strength, and beauty of the Work that is design'd. These Orders are the Tuscan, the Dorique, Jonique, Corinthian, and Composite, differing each from other in the proportion of the Colonne, or in their Entable∣ments, which comprehends the Architrave, Frise and Corniche. Some add to these 5 the Order of the Caryatides and the Per∣sick, the first differing from the Jonique in this only, that Sta∣tues of Women are made use of instead of Pillars, the other is the Dorique Order with the Statues of Persians bound like Prisoners in places of Pillars. When these several Orders are made use of together in any great Building, they are dis∣pos'd so, that the most solid and strong bear the delicate and weak, as the Dorique the Jonique, the Jonique the Corinthian, and the Corinthian the Composite. Felibien vies des Architects.
• Archontes, a name the Athenians gave to the 9 Magistrates or Governors of their City. The first took the Title of K. the second that of Archonte, the 3d of Polemarque, the others were call'd Thesmothetes. The K. was the head of the State, and had power to assemble all the other; the Ar∣chonte was to take care that every body had justice done him, especially Widows, and their Pupils; and such Women as were with Child after their Husbands death. The Polemarque or Generalissimo of the Armies was overseer of all things that belong'd to the War; the Thesmothetes or Law-makers sate in the Council of State with the other 3. Before Solon's time these Magistrates were chosen by Suffrages, but he thought more convenient it should be done by Lot, with this proviso, that such as were chosen that way should appear before the Senate, who upon an enquiry into their Lives and Deportments, were to judge of their Merit, and at last their sentence was to be approv'd in the general Assembly of the People. Pausanias. Justin. Euseb.
• Archontiques, Hereticks that appear'd about 175, so call'd because they held that Archangels created the World, they denied the Resurrection, and plac'd perfect Redemption in a Chimerick Knowledge. They said, that the God of Sabaoth exercis'd a cruel Tyranny in the 7th Heaven; that he en∣gendered the Devil, who begot Abel and Cain of Eve. These Errors they defended by Books of their own making, which they called the Revelation of the Prophets and the Harmony. Baron. Godeau. An. C. 175.
• Archytas of Tarentum, a Pythagorean Philosopher, re∣deem'd Plato out of the hands of Dionisius the Tyrant, who would have put him to death; his Vertue was in so great esteem, that he was chosen 7 times Governor of Tarentum; he was an excellent Mathematician, and the first that found out the Cube in Geometry; he also made a Pigeon of Wood that flew, which needs not seem impossible, seeing of latter times a Workman of Norimbergh made an Eagle of Steel that walk'd before Charles V. This Archytas regulated the Order of the Predicaments, and was one of the most famous Py∣thagoreans of his time. Cardan. Vossius.
• * Arcigovina, a Province of Dalmatia, bounded by Bosnia, Mantenero, and the Adriatick Sea, and call'd by the Italians, Santa Sabata. It is 70 Leagues long, and 30 broad, and is supposed to contain about 70000 Families. The Ca∣pital of it is Castel-Novo, which was taken by the Venetians in the year 1687. The only Places now possessed and Gari∣soned by the Turks are the Castle of Mocrovatz, and the Town of Blasaia. The rest of the Province is a fruitful Plain full of Populous Villages, and for the most part inhabited by Christians, who after the taking of Castel-Novo, in the be∣ginning of the year 1688. appeared very willing to cast off the Turks, and submit to the Venetians.
• Arciss••, a great Lake of Armenia Major, which several Modern Authors call Mer de van, by reason of the City Vat which stands near it. They gave it the name of a Sea be∣cause the Waters are salt, and Pliny says, that nothing sinks in it. Some call it Lac de Vaslan, and others La Mer de Ar∣menie. Baudrand.
• * Arcklow, a small Town which gives Denomination to a County in the Province of Leinster in Ireland, it lies upon the Sea, 31 miles South of Dublin, and gives Title of Barons to the Dukes of Ormond.
• Arcueuil, a fair Village within a League of Paris, cor∣ruptly so call'd, whereas the true name of it is Arcus Julianus, from an Aqueduct built there by Julian the Apostat in 357, when he came to refresh himself at Paris after the German War.
• * Ardagh, There are Four Towns of this name in Ireland, the first in the County of Letrim, the 2d in the County of E. Meath, the 3d in the County of Longford, and the 4th in the County of Cork.
• Ardaleon, a Comedian of Alexandria, who acted the My∣steries of the Christian Religion upon the Stages, to render 'em ridiculous, but being afterwards converted of a sudden, he suffered Martyrdom for the Faith. Martyrologe Romain.
• Ardaschar, anciently Artaxat, a City of Armenia upon the Confines of Erivan. It now lies in Ruines, only there are still some remains of the Palace of Tiridates, as the Front, and 4 Rowes of Pillars of black Marble, and several pieces of an Ancient Building, the Structure of which seems to have been very magnificent. This heap of Ruines the Na∣tives call Tact Terdat, or the Throne of Tyridates. Chardin Voyage en Perse.
• Ardea, an ancient City of Latium, the Royal Seat of Tur∣nus, and Metropolis of the Rutuli, now in ruines, only there is a Castle still which bears the Title of Marquisate belong∣ing to the Family of the Cesarmi upon the Coast of the Tyr∣rhene Sea, Long. 36.25. Lat. 41.30. also a River of France in Normandy, which falls into the British Ocean near the City of Avranches.
• * Ardebel or Ardevil lies in 38. 50. Lat. in the Country of Adrilegizan, in a round Valley encompassed with Mountains of a great height, and in Winter covered all with Snow, which render this place unhealthful, especially to Strangers, that are not used to sudden Changes. Every day at Noon here is a Whirlwind, which lasteth an hour, for these causes they have no Oranges, Lemons, or Grapes, but Connis plen∣tiful and very cheap, as also Pasturage; To this City belongs

• 75 Villages; It is great, but not close built, nor at all fortified. It is watered by a small Rivulet called Baluchlu, which in April is very great, increased by the Rains, and Mountain Snows, so that it endangereth the Town, if care be not taken against it. This Place besides Natural Baths of Warm Water is honoured with the Sepulchre of Twelve Kings of Persia, viz. Shach Sephy, Sedredin, Tzind, Sultan, Aidor Shack, Aider Ismael, Tamas Ismael II. Muhemed, Cod∣debende Brother of Ismael, Ismael Myrsa, Hemse Myrse, Abas. The Revenue belonging to these Sepulchres is greater then that of the Crown. It drives a great Trade with Gislan Georgia and Curdistan. It was the Capital of Persia before Al••xander the Great's time. The King of Persia has a fine Garden here, and because of the Tombs of his Ancestors it is a Sanctuary to Offenders, much visited by Pilgrims, and accounted so holy, that they forbid the use of Wine in it, but in vain. It's the Road for the Caravans of Silk which go for Smyrna and Constantinople by 900 Camels at a time. Hackluit.
• Ardeta, Ardesche, a River of France in Vivarez. It comes f••om Mirabel and Montpezat, runs to Aubenas, and having re∣ceiv'd the Ahosejac, Hebric, Logni, Bordesac, &c. falls into the R••••sne a League beyond the Bridge of St. Esprit, where it se∣parates Languedoc from Vivarez.
• Ardee, a Market and Burrough Town of the Province of Ulster in the North of Ireland, and County of Louth, where the late King James II. encamped with 20000 Men, while D. Schomberg lay at Dundalk with a much smaller Force, and yet the said K. never offer'd Battle, until a French Popish Captain, who had run his Country for Murder, and Listed himself as a Trooper under D. Schomberg, had Conspir'd with other Fr••nch Papists, and promis'd to betray that Quarter; but the thing being discover'd, the Traitors were seiz'd, 7 hanged, and about 170 expell'd the Army. Lieutenant General Douglas having made all the French Regiments stand to their Arms, commanded such as were Papists to come out, and quit their Arms upon pain of death. After which the Duke kept close in his Camp until reinforc'd with new Succors; and the late K. retreated to Ardce, Octob. 16. 1689, and thence to Drogheda, burning the Country, not daring to attack the Duke.
• Ardemburg, Lat. Ardemburgum, a very ancient Town in Flanders, within a mile of Sluce, where is a Colledge of Ca∣nons, and a fine Church Dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It was taken by the Dutch in 1604, and remains in their hands ever since.
• Arden••e, a great and noted Forest of the ancient Belgique Caule, of far greater extent in Julius Caesar's time then now, a great many Towns and Burroughs being built where part of it was cut down. In Caesar's time it began near the Banks of the Rhine, and stretch'd through the Country of Treves as far as Tournay, but now it begins at Thionville, and reaches near to Li••ge, which is 25 or 30 Leagues. About the middle of it is the Abby of St. Hubert Patron of Huntsmen. Caesar in Cominent. l. 6. Guichardin Descript. du Pais Bas.
• Ar••e••il, Lat. Ard••bila and Ardevila, a large and beautiful Town in the Province of Servan in Persia, built in a great Pl••in 20 Leagues from Bacu, and as far from the Caspian Sea, famous for many Sumptuous Sepulchres of the Kings of Persia, and memorable for the great Victory gain'd by the Per∣sians over the Turks near in 1618. Olcarius says, that it's not Wall'd, nor otherwise fortified, though it is one of the most Populous and Richest Cities of that Country. See Ardebel.
• * Ardes, a Tract of Land in the Province of Ulster and County of Down in Ireland in form of a Peninsula, it lies upon the Lake Coin.
• * Ardfart, a mean Burrough Town and Bishops See in the South-west parts of Ireland. It lies by the Sea in the Pro∣vince of Munst••r and County of Kerry.
• * Ardmonack, a small Territory in the County of Rosse in Scotland that belong'd to the Royal Family of that Kingdom, whereof Charles I. bore the Title of Baron when but two years old.
• Ardra, Ardres, a Kingdom with a Capital City of the same name in Guiney in Africa. The City is 12 Leagues from a little Bay call'd La Praye, where the Ships ride. The Walls are made only of Earth, but so solid that no Mortar is com∣parable to it, and their Ditches are within the Wall. No body enters the Kings Apartment unless he be expressly sent for, except the Grand Marabout who enters at all hours. The Palace is large and well built, with lovely Gardens be∣longing to it. The King is held in so great veneration, that none but the Grand Marabout appears before him any other∣ways then prostrate upon the Earth. The Great Marabout is he whose Decisions are Authentick, and without Appeal, in all matters as well of Religion as State. This Prince in 1670 sent an Ambassador to the King of France, to offer him an Assurance of Commerce, a particular Protection for his Ships, and an Abatement of Customs in favour of the French. This Emperor's Ambassador called Matheo Loper was Accompanied with 3 of his Children, 3 of his Wives, and several Slaves. Delbee Voyage de Guinee in 1669.
• * Ardrach, a Town in the County of Longford and Pro∣vince of Connaught in Ireland.
• * Ardret, Ardrathen or Ardrat, Ardatum, a City and Bishops See Suffragan of Armagh in the County of Kerry in Ireland.
• Ardres, Ardea, aCity of France in Picardy upon a Hill in the Upper Boulonnois; It's divided into the Upper and Lower Town, both strongly fortified. Henry VIII. of England, and Francis I. of France, had an Interview near this City in June 1520, at which time the Court was so splendid, and the Gentlemen so richly Cloath'd, that the place was call'd the Field of Cloth of Gold. In 1596 Cardinal Albret of Austria took Ardres, but it was soon after restor'd again. Since that the Spaniards have often attempted the taking of it, but in vain.
• * Are, a River in Yorkshire, that has it's Source in the West-Riding, from whence it runs South-Eastwards into the Ouse, 6 or 7 miles below York. Otley and Wetherby stand upon this River.
• Aremberg, Areburgum, a City and Principality of the Em∣pire in the County of Ecfeildt, between the Dutchy of Juliers and Archbishoprick of Treves. It was formerly an Earldom, until the Emperor Maximilian II. erected it into a Principa∣lity in favour of the Counts of Areschot, who had done the House of Austria, but particularly that of Spain, great Ser∣vices, and therefore several Lords of this Family have been Honour'd with the Order of the Gold••n Fleece, besides that they have ample Territories in the Spanish Low-Countreys. Aremberg it self is seated upon the River Aer, 7 Leagues South from Juliers, and 4 West from the Rhine.
• * Arenswald, a Town of Germany in the Marquisate of Brandenburgh, near the Lake Slavin upon the Confines of Po∣merania, 4 Leagues from Lanspergh to the North, and 8 from Stetin to the N. E.
• Areopagires, and Areopagus, the Senators and Senate-House of Athens standing upon the top of a Hill of that name near the City, founded the same year that Aaron was Conse∣crated High-Priest of the Jews, viz. A. M. 2545, in the Reign of Cecrops. Arcopagus took its name from Ares Mars, who was the first Person that ever was indicted there, and accused by Neptune for killing his Son Halirrohotius. As for the Judges who were call'd Areopagites, they never heard any Cause but in the Night, that they might discuss matters with more sedateness of Mind, or else because they would not be surpriz'd with Objects that might move either their Hatred or Compassion. Before these Judges it was that St. Paul was call'd to give an Account of his Doctrine, and at the same time Converted Dionisius one of their number. Herodotus, Thucydides. Act. 17.
• Arequipa, a City of Peru in South America, 26 Leagues from Lima, 70 from Casco, and 7 from the South Sea. The Spaniards report, that in the Reign of the I••cas they would convey Fish from Arequipa to Cas••o in a very short time, the Indians being laid upon the Road at such distances to hand them from one to the other. It is one of the most conside∣rable Cities of Peru, as well for the goodness of the Soil, which produces both Corn and Wine, as for the convenience of the River Chila, which runneth along by the City, falls into the South Sea, and makes a convenient Harbour, from whence all sorts of Merchandizes are brought up to the City, nor is it less Wealthy by reason of the Silver Mines not above 14 Leagues from it. It's also a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Lima, but the Country where it stands is subject to Earthquakes, besides that there is a kind of Vulcan or Burning Mountain, which in 1600 threw up burning Stones and Ashes, with such a roaring and noise, that it was heard as far as Lima, and spoil'd the Fruits of Peru. De Laet. Hist. du Nouveau Monde.
• Aretaphile, the Wife of Nicocratus, Tyrant of Cyrene, passionately belov'd by her Husband, as being one of the most beautiful Ladies of her time; but in regard he exer∣cis'd unheard of Cruelties upon his people, Aretaphile re∣solv'd to Revenge her first Husband, whom he had slain to enjoy her, and to deliver her Country from Oppression by Poysoning him; but being catch'd in the design was Rack'd, and pretending that it was only a Philtre, was acquitted. Afterwards she gain'd Leander the Tyrant's Brother, by pro∣mises of Marriage, to Murder Nicocratus, and supply his room, to which Lysander was easily perswaded; but proving no less cruel than his Brother, she got him surpriz'd, sew'd in a Sack, and thrown into the Sea, by the assistance of Ana∣bus Prince of Lybia. After this the Cyrenaeans, in acknow∣ledgment of their Liberty, offer'd her the Soveraignty, which she refus'd, that she might live a private Life with her Friends. Plutarch de virt. Mul.
• Areras, K. of the Arabians, Reign'd in the Lower-Arabia, Invaded Judaea, defeated Alexander Janneus, and then con∣cluding a Peace return'd home; he entertain'd Hircan, and promis'd to restore him to the Throne of the Jews, for which purpose he rais'd a great Army, and besieg'd Aristobulus in Jerusalem; but was forc'd to raise the Siege, upon the ad∣vance of Scaurus, Pompey's Lieutenant: Afterwards Aristobu∣lus overthrew Aretas and Hircan in a great Battel at Papyron, and Scaurus had carried the War into Syria, had not Aretas diverted the Storm by a Golden shower of 300 Talents. Joseph. Antiq. Jud. L. IX. 13.

• Aretas another K. of the Arabians, who succeeded Obodas without the consent of Augustus; but was afterwards con∣firm'd by him upon the mediation of Herod the Tetrarch: However upon Herod's Divorcing his Daughter, to make room for Herodias, Aretas entred Judea, and defeated the Jews, which so incens'd Tiberius, that he sent Vitellius to de∣clare War against him; but the Emperors death deliver'd Are∣tas from that danger. Joseph. Antiq. Jud. L. 13.
• Arethusa, Daughter of Nereus and Coris, and Companion of Diana, who chang'd her into a Fountain to escape the pursuit of her Lover Alpheus. The Ancients founded the Fable upon this, That they believ'd the River Alphee, which is in Peloponesus, crosses the Sea to joyn the Fountain Arethusa in Sicily, Ovid. Metam. There were also of this Nation an Episcopal City of Syria, Suffragan of Apamea, another of Ma∣cedonia, and a Lake of Armenia, wherein things naturally heavy, which sunk in other Waters would Swim, and the Fish of the Rivers could not live.
• Arerium, Arezzo a City of Italy in Tuscany, with a Bishops See, built upon the descent of a Hill, in a fertile Plain, fa∣mous in the time of the Romans, wasted by the Goths, Lom∣bards, and several other Tyrants, till it fell under the Juris∣diction of the Florentines. Towards the beginning of the last Age, it was often taken and re-taken during the Wars of Florence.
• * Argadus, a Nobleman of Scotland, entrusted with the Ad∣ministration of the Government, after the Meeting of the States had Imprisoned K. Conarus, for his mismanagement, He behaved himself like a good Justiciary at first, but de∣generating, aimed at the Crown; with which being Charged in a Convention of States, he acknowledged his fault, beg'd pardon on his Knees with Tears, and promis'd Amendment, whereupon he was continued, Governed with great Honour, made many excellent Laws, and was still entrusted with the Administration, after Conarus's death, in the Reign of Etho∣dius his Nephew; but was at last slain in a Battel against the Rebellious Islanders, who were assisted by the Irish and Picts, about An. 160. Buchan.
• Argan, a City of New Castille in the Diocess of Toledo, noted for a Council in 1473. where all those who did not understand Latin, were excluded from Church preferments; all Bps obliged to say Mass thrice, and every single Priest four times a year.
• Argaeus, the Son of Lycimnius forcibly taken away by Hercules, who promis'd to bring him again to his Father; but the Boy dying by the way, Hercules burnt his Body, and swept up the Ashes, that he might in some measure perform his promise; from whence it's said came the Custome of burning the dead. Plut.
• Argees, the Figures of Men made up with Rushes, which the Priests of the Roman Vestals us'd to throw into the Tiber, from the wooden Bridge, every 15th of May. Some say this Ceremony came from Evander K. of Arcadia, who having pass'd into Italy out of Greece, us'd to cast the Figures of 30 Men into the River, to represent 30 Argiens his great Ene∣mies: But others hold, that the occasion of it was this; The Barbarous Nations, that 1st inhabited the Latin Country, us'd to throw all the Greeks and Achaians they caught, into the River, until Hercules in his Voyage through Italy, per∣swaded 'em to leave off that Barbarous usage of Strangers; and that they might not seem to change their Ancient Ce∣remony, bid 'em make use of Rushes made up in Man's shape. Tit. Liv.
• Argens, Argenteus a River of France in Provence, which has three Springs, one that comes from Seillons, another from St. Martin de Varages; and the 3d not far from Bariols; after∣wards this River receiving the Caulon, Caramie, Grannegonne, and Lendolle, throws it self into the Sea near Frejus.
• Argentan, upon Orne, a City of France in Normandy, be∣tween Seez and Falaise, the Argentomagum of the Ancients; there is another of this name in the Dukedome of Berry.
• * Argen••arius Mons, the Col de Argentiere, one of the Alps, confining on the Marquisate of Salusses, which opens a pas∣sage out of France into Italy.
• * Argentea, La Plata, a large City of South America, one of the most remarkable of Peru, and Capital of the Province of Los Charcas, near the River Picolmago, wonderful Rich in Sil∣ver Mines, 180 Leagues S. from Cusco, 18 E. of Potosi: It's also an Episcopal See, under the Abp. of Lima, in the Pos∣session of the Spaniards.
• * Argia, Argolica, Argolis, a Province of Peloponesus bound∣ed to the S. by Laconia and the Sinus Argolicus, now Golfo di Napoli, to the E. by the Egean Sea, to the N. by Sinus Saro∣nicus, now Golfo de Engina, and Carinthia; and to the W. by Arcadia. The Ancient Inhabitants of which were the Ar∣givi, and the latter the Danai: It's a Marshy Soil and full of Vines. The Capital of it was Argos, seated on the River Inachus 11 Germ. miles from Corinth to the S. and 16 from Lacedemon to the N. It had a Castle called Larissa, which stood above the City. Ptol. Long. 51. 20. Lat. 36. 16. This was one of the most Ancient Cities in Greece, being built by Inachus in the time of Moses, and the first of those also that freed themselves from the Dominion of their Kings. They had great Wars with the Lacedemonians, their Neighbours; but especially in the time of Darius Hystaspes, Father of Xerxes. It kept its Liberty till the year of the World _____ _____ when it fell first into the hands of the Acheans, and with them under the Romans, towards the end of the CLVII Olympiad. It was an Archiepiscopal See. The Venetians bought it in 1383. The Turks took it in 1463. And in 1686. Gen. Morosini retook it for the Venetians.
• Argippei, Ancient People of Sarmatia, who according to Herodotus and other Ancient Authors were born bald, with a large Chin, and little or no Nose at all; Their Voice was different from that of other Men: They fed on the Fruit of Trees, and were never troublesome to their Neighbours, by whom they were often chosen to decide differences. Hero∣dotus, L. 2.
• * Arglas, a small Town of Ireland, in the Province of Ul∣ster, and County of Downe. It has a Haven belonging, and gives the Title of Earl to the Lord Cromwell of Oakham.
• Argo, the Ship in which Jason with his 54 Thessalian and Argive Hero's Sail'd to Colchos to fetch the Golden-Fleece; It was said to have been 50 Cubits in length, allowing two Cubits distance between every two holes, according to the proportion set down by Vitruvius: The 1st long Ship that ever was seen in Greece.
• Argonaurae, a name given to those Valiant Graecians that accompanied Jason to Colchos, in his expedition for the Golden-Fleece, An. M. 2791. The number of those Adventurers was 52 or 54. whereof Hercules, Hylas, Theseus, Pirithous, Orpheus, Peleus, and Telamon, famous both in Greek and Latin Poets were the chief. Some say these Argonauts sail'd to Scy∣thia, and that the Golden-Fleece was nothing but the vast Riches of that Country, the Inhabitants getting great quan∣tity of Gold in the Rivers that ran from, or by Mount Cau∣casus; and because they made use of Sheep-skins with the Wooll on, to take up this Metal in Powder, it gave occasion to call 'em Golden-Fleeces. Several Authors give different explications of this Fable, some saying, That the Golden-Fleece signifies Virtue; and that when Poets speak of Jason's Conquering Bulls that vomited Flames, they would represent by these furious Beasts, our headstrong and unruly Passions. Others say, That this Fable is a Lesson of Chymistry, de∣noting by the several passages of that tedious Voyage, the long and many alterations of Bodies, before they are brought to the perfection meant by the Golden-Fleece. Suidas thinks, That famous Fleece was a Book made of Sheep-skins, con∣taining the secret of the Transmutation or Philosophers-stone; and that Med••a stole it from her Father Aectes, K. of Colchos, and gave it to her Lover Jason. In fine, accord∣ing to the Opinion of several others, which seems the most reasonable, The Golden-Fleece signifies Honour and Glory; and this Fable teaches young Men, not to live idle in their own Country, when there is no occasion to shew their Cou∣rage, if they can signalize themselves elsewhere; and that such as aspire to any considerable Place, or are call'd by their Birth or Parts to Govern, should have seen several Countries to learn their Customs and Ways, and to make themselves known by their good qualities, that so they might be the more esteemed by Strangers, with whom after∣wards they may have occasion to deal. Apollonius Argo∣naut 4.
• Argos, a Noble and Ancient City of Peloponnesus, the Ca∣pital of Argia or Argolis, now Parva Romania de la Morea. The Territory belonging to this City was bounded East∣ward by the Egean Sea, and Gulf of Napoli de Romania; Westward by Arcadia, to the South by Laconia; and North∣ward by Corinth, and the Gulph of Engia. The Kingdom of the Argives is very ancient, for it began with Inachus in the year of the World 2197. and ended with Acrisius, An. M. 2742. Inachus liv'd 346 years before the departure of the Children of Israel out of Egypt. In the time of Chri∣stian Religion it was a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Corinth, afterwards erected into a Metropolitan it self. In 1383. the Venetians purchas'd it of the Widow of Peter Cor∣nari, Lord of Argos and Napoli. In 1463 the Sangiac of Corinth made himself Master of it; but in the year 1686. General Morosini recover'd it again from the Turks. Strabo, L. 8vo.
• The Argives, an Ancient People of Greece, derive their Ori∣ginal from Inachus the builder of Argos in Peloponnesus, who was the founder of the Argivi. The beginning of this King∣dom was A. M. 2091. 300 years before the Reign of C••crops, the 1st King of the Athenians; 674 years before the ruine of Troy in the time of Abraham, and in the 44th year of the Life of Isaac. This Inachus was the Progenitor of the most celebrated Royal Families in the Peloponnesus.
• Argow, a Country of Swisserland, Neighbouring upon the Lake of Constans, so call'd from the River Arg. Some Mo∣dern Authors, that divide Swisserland into four parts, make Argow to be one.
• Arguin, There is here a knot of Islands, which lye South of Cape Blanco, in a Bay on the Western Coast of Africa, 30 Miles from the Continent: They were first discovered in 1443. and call'd Arguin from the principal of them, which only hath fresh Water. They are seven in number, inha∣bited by the Azenaghi, who subsist on the Fishing Trade.

• ... Pory, p. 55. Hackluit, T. 2. p. 2. p. 188. Lat. 19.00.
• Arguim, a small Island on the Coast of Negritia, 1st pos∣sess'd by the Portuguese, who built a Fort in it in 1455. but were beat out by the Hollanders in 1633. those outed by the English some years after, which last were dispossess'd, and the Place ruin'd by the French in 1678. The Dutch begin to set∣tle there again. It lies in the Atlantic Ocean, upon the Coast of the Kingdom of Gualata, about the 20 d. of Nor∣thern Latitude.
• Argus, the Son of Aristor, whom the Poets fain to have had 100 Eyes, with 50 of which he slept and wak'd by turns. Juno made choice of him to guard Io, belov'd by Ju∣piter; but Mercury lull'd him asleep with his Flute, and slew him by Jupiter's command. Juno, to recompense his fidelity, him into a Peacock, and plac'd his Eyes in the Birds Tail. The Moral of this Fable shews, That he who is en∣trusted with considerable Affairs, can never be too watchful in the discharge of his Duty. Ovid.
• * Arg••••••, Lat. Argathelia, or Argadia, a County in the West-Highlands of Scotland, having Tarbat, formerly a distinct County, united to it, so that this Shire contains the Coun∣treys of Argyle, Kintyre, Cowal, and Lorn, part of Lochabor, Morbem, Sunart, and Arnamurchan on the Continent, and the Islands of Hay, Jura, Collonsay, Mull, Tirie, and several others. It is bounded on the S. with the Irish Sea, on the W. with the W. Islands, on the N. with the Shire of Innerness, and part of Perthshire, and to the E. with Lenox, and another part of Perthshire.
• The Country of Argyle hath for a long time belonged to the Chief of the Campbels, to whom it gives the Title of Earl, a Family whose very Name denotes their Valour, as signifying the Field of War, nor has their behaviour at any time been unanswerable. He is the first Earl in Scotland, and besides the Title of Argyle, is Lord Kintire, Campbel, and Lorne, the last of which gives always Title to the Eldest Son of the Family, which makes a great Figure in Scotland, be∣cause of the greatness of their Clan, number of their Vassals, Honourable Allies, and Hereditary Offices, such as Justice-General of the Shire of Argyle, and the Isles, Lord Lieutenant and Sheriff of Argyle, Heretable Master of the Houshold (i. e. Hereditary Lord High Steward of the House) to the King, and several other Offices within his own Bounds: They were Justice-Generals of all Scotland, till by Contract be∣twixt K. Charles I. and the Marquis of Argyle then Lord Lorn in 1628, he resigned that Office into the Kings Hands, and got secured to himself and his Posterity to be Justice-Gene∣ral of Argyle, and the Isles, and wherever he had Land in Scotland. The Chief of the Campbels, one of the said Earl's Predecessors, in September 1308, made that famous Indenture, yet extant, with Sir Alexander Seaton, and Sir Gilbert Hay, whereby they bind themselves to stand to their outmost to the Defence of their Sovereign Lord King Robert Bruce, as well against French and English, as Scots, subscribed with all the Hands, and Sealed at Cambusk••nneth. He Honourably Enter∣tain'd and Assisted the said King Robert against Baliol, and for his good Service the K. gave him Marjary Bruce his own Sister in Marriage. His Son assisted K. David Bruce in his Minority, joined with the Lord Robert Stewart one of the Kings Royal Predecessors, defeated the English at Dunoon, and took that Castle from them, for which the King made him Hereditary Governor of the said Castle, allowing him a yearly Pension, and created his Cousin John Campbel Earl of Athol, who died without Succession. K. James I being de∣tained for a long time Prisoner in England, one of the said Earls Predecessors, whose Eldest Son was Married to the Daughter of Robert D. of Albany, and Sister to D. Mundoch the Governor of Scotland, improved that opportunity so ef∣fectually for the Advantage of the said K. James I. that he prevailed with the Governor to Ransom and Restore him his Fathers Throne.
• Colin E. of Argyle did constantly adhere to King James II. who in his young years was reduced to great straits by those who conspired against his Authority, but was settled on the Throne by this Earl's Assistance, for which good Service he made him Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, and gave him several Lands.
• Gilespicus, or Archibald E. of Argyle was kill'd at Flodden-Field, as Fighting Valiantly for K. James IV.
• Colin Earl of Argyle was one of the Three that Governed Scotland in K. James Vth's Minority, and the only Man able to make head against the Douglasses, being Commissionated for that effect.
• Archibald E. of Argyle was Lord High Chancellor in Queen Mary's Reign, a great Promoter of the Reformation, and Opposer of the French Tyranny, and then Current Persecu∣tion. Colin E. of Argyle, his Son and Successor, was also Lord Chancellor of Scotland in K. James VIth's Reign. Ar∣chibald Earl of Argyle was in 1641 Created Marquess, joined with the Parliament of Scotland, was a Zealous Assertor of the Presbyterian Government, was look'd upon as one of the greatest Statesmen of his time, contributed much to the Re∣ception and Coronation of Charles II. in Scotland, and put the Crown upon his Head. Yet after the Restauration, Anno 1661, he was condemned and beheaded on an Indictment for alledged Compliance with Oliver, being the Epidemical fault of the time. He declared himself Innocent on the Scaffold. Archibald his Son, when Lord Lorn, Commanded K. Charles the Second's Foot Guards, signaliz'd himself against Oliver, and never Capitulated till he was ordered to do so by the King, yet was forfeited also, but soon after restored to the Title of Earl, and Condemned again in the latter end of Charles the Second's Reign, for Explaining the Test in these Words. I have considered the Test, and am desirous to give Obedience as far as I can. I am confident the Parliament never intended to impose Contradictory Oaths, and therefore I think no Man can explain it, but for himself, and reconcile it as it is Ge∣nuine, and agrees in its own sense, and I take it in so far as it is consistent with it self and the Protestant Religion, and I do declare, I mean not to bind up my self in my Station, and in a Lawful way to endeavour any thing I think to the Advantage of Church or State, not repugnant to the Protestant Religion, and my Loyalty, and this I anderstand as part of my Oath. But escaping from the Castle of Edinburgh, (his Estate being disposed of to others) he got over into Holland, whence with a few Men he landed in Scotland in the beginning of the late King James's Reign, a little before the D. of Monmouth landed in England, but never having gotten above 2000 Men together, was defeated, taken, and beheaded at Edinburgh, June 30. 1685. upon the Sentence of Explaining the Test. His Zeal for the Protestant Re∣ligion, and against Introducing of Popery, was said to be the cause of his fall. He was reckoned an Accomplish'd Statesman, and a great Soldier. His Son Archibald, the pre∣sent Earl came over with the Prince of Orange, was very In∣strumental in the Revolution in Scotland, and owned as Earl of Argyle by the Parliament before they took off the Attain∣der against his Father, which by the Claim of Right was de∣clared to be a reproach to the Nation. His Lordship was sent from the Nobility, with other two from the Barons and Burroughs, to offer the Crown of Scotland in Name of the Convention of States, to Their Majesties King William and Queen Mary; for whose Service he carried over a Regiment to Flanders, consisting almost all, both Officers and Centinels, of his own Name and Family. His Eldest Son, the present Lord Lorn, is a Youth of great Expectation, concerning whom it is remarkable, that when he was but 5 years old he jumpt out of a Window 3 Stories high without receiving any hurt, and as near as can be calculated, it happened in the very minute that his Grandfather suffered.
• Argyra, a Nymph whom Solemnus was so deeply in Love with, that finding her always cruel, he died of grief. Ve∣nus chang'd him into a Fountain that bore the Nymph's name, whose Waters were a Soveraign Remedy against Love, by making such as wash'd themselves with them immediate∣ly forget their Mistresses. Pausanias.
• Argyrospides, or the Silver Shield-bearers, were a part of Alexander's Macedonian Army, who having signaliz'd them∣selves by so many Victories, scorn'd any other Captain but Alexander himself; they are frequently mention'd by Arian in his History of Alexander the Great. The Emperor Alexan∣der Severus had a Band of Soldiers also that bore Silver Shields in imitation of his name-sake. Q. Curt. Just.
• Arhusen, an Episcopal City of Danemark in North Jutland, under the Archbishop of Lunden, seated upon the Sund, and belongs to the K. of Danemark; but in the year 1644. was taken, and almost ruin'd by the Sweeds. It's 10 miles S. of Albourg, 2 W. of Funen, and 26 N. of Lubec.
• Arca, a Country of Persia, now call'd Chorasans, having to the North Bactriana and Margiana, to the East Parapovisus, to the South Drangiana, and to the West Parthia, but some∣what more remote from Hyrcania. The chief City of the Province, formerly bearing the name of Aria, is now call'd Herat or Serheri, 31 Spanish Leagues from Burgian, a large and wealthy City, much celebrated for the Roses that grow about it: Also a small Island of the Baltick Sea, near the South part the Isle of Fuinen, where stands the Castle of Roping, belonging to the Dutchy of Sleswick.
• Ariadne, Daughter of Minos K. of Crete, who compell'd the Athenians to send him a yearly Tribute of young Boys, which Poets say, were to be devour'd by the Minotaure: Thô others think, that Taurus was a Valiant, but Cruel, Barbarous, and Passionate Commander of K. Minos. How∣ever Theseus being sent into Crete, with a Tribute of young Athenians, Ariadne was much taken with his mene, strength and address; and as a testimony of her Love, gave him a Clew of Thred, and shew'd him how by the guidance of that, he might come out of the Labyrinth. Theseus kill'd the Minotaure, and carried the young Athenians and Ariadne off, leaving her afterwards in an Island of the Archipelago, call'd Naxos or Dia. The Authors cited by Plutarch speak different∣ly of this; some hold, That Ariadne hang'd her self for de∣spair; others, That being with Child, and not able to bear the tossing of the Waves, she was put ashoar in the foremen∣tion'd Island; There are also some that say, She Married Onarus, one of Bacchus's Priests; others say, Oenopion K. of the Country, call'd afterwards Bacchus, who, if we give cre∣dit to Poets, plac'd Ariadnes Crown among the Stars. Plu∣tarch in Thes.

• Ariadre, the Wife of Zeno, Emperor of Constantinople, a Woman given to all manner of Lasciviousness, being weary of her Husband, finding him dead Drunk, the lay'd hold of the opportunity, and commanded him to be put up in an empty Tomb, where coming to himself, he fell Mad and died. After his death the set the Imperial Crown upon the head of Anastasius her Gallant, excluding Longinus Zeno's Bro∣ther. Zonore.
• Ariamnus, an Asiatick Gaul, of such vast wealth, and so extraordinary liberal and magnificent, that he promis'd all those of his own Nation, settled in Galatia, to give 'em a whole years entertainment, which he perform'd with won∣derful order and decorum, thô the People of the Neighbour∣hood throng'd to him in Shoales. He divided his whole Estate into several quarters, and all along the Road set up Tents, that in whatever part the People arriv'd, they might not want a good reception. Athenaeus.
• Ar an, a Philosopher, Geographer, and famous Historian born at Nicomedia, a Town of Bithynia, where he studied, and was afterwards Priest of Ceres, and Prosepina; He writ also the History of Alexander the Great, his Master's Epictotes Discourses, and his own Enchiridion. Suidas calls him the young Xenophon, and says, His great parts rais'd him 1st to the dignity of a Consul, and afterwards to be Governor of Cappadocia under Adrian. Vossius, L. 2. Hist. Graecor.
• Ar••ano, an Episcopal City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the Province call'd Principato Oltra, under the Archbishop of Beneventum, seated upon a Hill of difficult access, and dig∣nified with the Title of a Dukedome; also a City upon the Po, Capital of Polisino. Arino.
• Ariarathes 2d succeeded his Uncle Holophernes about the CXII. Olympiad, 330 years before Christ; this Prince, who during Alexander's Reign had kept himself neuter, was after his death attack'd by Perdiccas, whom he oppos'd with an Army of 30000 Foot, and 20000 Horse; but being over∣thrown, was taken, and Crucified with his Principal Offi∣cers: But Justin says, That on this defeat, the Cappadocians kill'd their Wives and Children, and having set fire to all their most valuable Goods, threw themselves into the Flames. Strabo, L. 12. Diod. de Sicile.
• A••••ara••••es 3d, not able to withstand the Victorious Mace∣donians, retir'd into Armenia, where understanding that Per∣dic••as and E••menes were dead, and Seleucus and Antiochus were together by the Ears, he took Courage, and assisted by Ar∣••••ata K. of. Armenia, vanquish'd Amyntas, one of Alexander's L utenants, and recover'd the Kingdom of his Ancestors. Dio••••rus.
• A••a••athes VIII. being expell'd by Nicodemus, was re∣stor'd by his Uncle Mi••hridates Eupator, who afterwards, up∣on some disgust, made War upon him with 80000 Foot, 10000 Horse, and 600 Chariots, whom Ariarathes oppos'd with as great a Force; but Mithridates being unwilling to hazard the success of a Battel, caus'd him to be Assasinated before the Armies engag'd. Just. Lib. 30.
• Ariarathus, the 1st K. of Cappadocia, assisted his Brother-in-Law, Antiochus K. of Syria, against the Romans; but An∣tiochus being defeated, he sent Ambassadors to Rome to make his Peace with the Senate, which cost him 100 Talents. This Prince spent his time in trivial occupations, he stop'd the River Mela's entrance into the Euphrates, and having made a great Lake, rais'd the Ground in the middle, to form small Islands; but the Euphrates overflowing its Banks, drown'd a great part of Cappadocia, and did considerable da∣mage in the Country of the Galates. The Romans hearing of this, order'd Ariarathus to pay 300 Talents towards the dam∣mage. This Prince afterwards built the Town Ariarathe in Cappadocia. Tit. Liv. L. 5.
• Arra•• Montanus, (Benet) one of the learnedest Divines that Spain ever bred, flourished in the last Century, his Friends, thô of Noble extraction, could not allow him a competency to go through his Studies, which made some considerable People in Seville take an occasion to supply him; here he made great progress in the Sciences, and then going to Al∣cala, did not only learn Divinity, perfecting himself in his Greek and Lat••n, but also Learn'd the Hebrew, Syriac and Caldaick Tongues; afterwards Travelling into Germany, France, Italy, &c. became a good proficient in their Langua∣ges, and being received into the Order of the Knights of S. Jacques, was soon after made Priest; he accompanied the Bp. of Segovia to the Council of Trent, where he gain'd great reputation, and at his return thence, retir'd to a plea∣sant place near Aracena, in the Mountains of Andalousie, to be the less diverted from his Studies. Philip 11. of Spain, imployed him to prepare and publish another Edition of the Bible, after that of Alcala, finish'd by the care of Cardinal Ximenes; Arias accomplish'd this work with great Glory, he died at Seville, in the House of the Knights of James, in 1598. his other Works are, Elucidationes in Evangelia in Acta Apostolorum, in Epistolas, in Apocalyps in Commentaria in XII. Prophetas, in xxx. Priores Psalmos. in Isaiam Antiquitatum Judaicarum, L. IX. Sponde in Annal. Le Mire.
• Arica, a Port of Peru, with a capacious Haven and a strong Castle; In the year 1578. Sir Fran. Drake entred it with two Ships, and took three belonging to the Spaniards, in which there was not one mortal found, thô they had 57 Wedges of Silver aboard, each of 20 pound weight: So se∣cure were the Spaniards then in those parts. Mr. Tho. Caver∣dish, our Country-man, who visited it in the year 1587. saith, it lies in 18 Degrees, 31 Lat. The Town was then very populous and rich, and he having but a few men durst not attempt it; but he took two Ships in the Port.
• The Dutch in 1599. Sail'd to this Port, and found it ra∣ther to be a safe Road than a Haven, it being well defend∣ed from the North, East and South Winds, but not from the West, nor of easie and safe approach. The Gold and Silver is brought hither from Potosi by Peru in a Ship, guarded by a few Indian and Spaniards, who come hither in March or April, and here they Ship the Plate, which in May goes to Lima. In the beginning of this Century, the Spaniards first fortified this place, being driven to it by the depredations of the English and Dutch: The Town is Governed by a Corrigi∣dor, nominated once in six years; by the K. of Spain. When Sir Francis Drake was here, the Town consisted but of 20 Houses; afterwards it arose to 100 Laet. 465. 66. This Town lands according to Accosta, 70 Leagues from Potosi, according to others 80. Oliver Vander Noort placeth it Lat. 18. 40. Drake, and most others, 11. 30. or 31.
• Arideus, a Bastard Brother of Alexander the Great, whom his Father had by Larissa an Actress, was advanc'd to the Throne after Alexander's death, which Olympias not enduring, retired to Epyrus, where having strengthned her party be∣fore Cassander could send succour to Aridaeus, got the unfor∣tunate Prince into her power, and put him to death, Eur∣dice his Wife, and 100 Noble Macedonians that were of his Party. Justin, Eusebius.
• Arie, a Lady of Padna, the Wife of Petus C••cinna, a Roman Senator, who being convicted of being in Accom∣plice in Scribonius's Conspiracy against the Emperor Claudius, was condemn'd to death, and brought from Illyrium to suffer at Rome; Arie followed him in a Fishers-Boat, and exhorted him to die Couragiously, Stabbing her self, and then gave him the Dagger to do the like, saying, That she did not feel her Wound, but that his would prove her death. This was An. Chr. 43. Pline, lib. 7. Her Daughter would have imi∣tated her example on just such another occasion, but was persuaded by her Husband to forbear for her Childrens sake.
• Arima, a City and Seaport of Japan, in the Kingdom of Ximo; the Inhabitants have Banish'd all the Christians thence.
• Arimanes, one of the three Sovereigns, to whom some Pagan Philosophers attributed the Government of the World, That is to say, God, the Spirit, and the Soul, under the names of Orimanes, Mithra, and Arimanes: To God the uni∣ty of parts, and of the whole; to the Spirit, the order of parts, united by the power of God: And to the Soul, the motion of that which is in good order, by virtue of then Su∣perior. The Persians gave this name to the Principle of Evil, as that of Orimanes to the Cause of good. Stanly, Orient. Philosophy.
• Arimaspi, certain people of the European Sarmatia, who possess those Countries, which at this day include Ingerma∣land, the Dukedome of Novogrod, and the Dutchy of Pleskow in Moscovie. Herodotus, Farnebius.
• * Arimathea, Arimathia, Ramatha, Rama, Ramula, a City in the Tribe of Ephraim, in which Saul first was anointed, Samuel was born, lived and died here; and Joseph of Arima∣thea, who buried our Saviour, was of this place, 1 Sam. 1.1. Mach. 11. Matt. 27. It is now by the Turks called Ramola See Rama.
• Arimazes, Sovereign of part of Soddiana, toward Scythia, who kept himself in a Castle built upon an in accessible Rock, where he had 30000 Soldiers, and Provisions for two years; and being summon'd by Alexander to surrender, ask'd him whether he could fly, which so incens'd that Prince, that he resolv'd to attack him. The next night about 300 young Macedonians gain'd the Top of the Rock, which so terrified every side, and above 30 Furlongs high, which so terrified Arimazes, that he came down to Alexander's Camp, with his Kindred, and the principal Nobility, in hopes of Pardon; but Alexander was so provok'd by the insolence of his Answer; That he order'd 'em all to be first whipt with Rods, and then hung upon Crosses at the foot of the Rock. Q. Cur. L. 7.
• Arimoa, an Island of Asia, near new Guinea, discover'd by the Hollanders in 1616. under the Conduct of William Schouten.
• Ariobarzanes, K. of Cappadocia, Elected by the People of that Country, with leave of the Roman Senate, upon which he was immediately attacked by Tigranes K. of Armenia, and Mithridates K. of Pontus; but finding himself too weak for such Potent Enemies, he retir'd to Rome, where he stay'd till Sylla having overthrown Tigranes, restor'd him to his Throne: After this, Ariobarzanes vanquish'd Ariarathes the Son of Mithridates, and by the assistance of the Romans, joyn'd to his Territories two Provinces of greater Asia, and part of Cilicia. Plutarch. Eutropius.
• Arion, a Musician and Poet born at Methymna in the Island of Lesbos; he was the first Inventor of Dithyrambis or Songs 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• and an ungrateful Fellow: He held that there was a certain knowledg or Science which the Soul learns by the Senses, as so many Messengers destined to acquaint her with what passes abroad: That from the knowledg of particulars, by the help of understanding, she form'd certain evident, general Propositions, the foundation of Sciences: This Method he learn'd of Archytas, who had it of Dexippus, who in his Cate∣gories which he form'd, plac'd substance at the head of all the rest. But because this knowledg depends on our Senses, which are subject to error, Aristottle sought to find out an infallible Principle by means of an Universal Organ, which is demonstration by way of Syllogism: Besides Philosophy he writ of Poetry, Rhetorick, Law, &c. to the number of 400 different Treatises, according to Diogenes Laertius; but Francis Patricius of Venice says, he wrote 747. He left his Writings with Theophrastus his belov'd Disciple and Successor in the Lycaeum, and forbad they should be ever publish'd; Theophrastus, at his death, trusted 'em to Neleus his good Friend and Disciple; and he being also dead, they were bu∣ried in the Ground at Scepsis, a Town of Troas, to secure 'em from the K. of Pergamus, who made strict search for Books to embellish and augment his Library; here they lay 160 years, until being almost spoil'd, they were sold to a rich Burgess of Athens, called Apelli••on, where Sylla found 'em when he made himself Master of that City, and carried 'em to Rome, where, after some time, they were purchased by a Grammarian call'd Tyrannion, whose heirs sold 'em to Andro∣nicus of Rhodes. This last begun to make our Philosopher better known; for he not only repair'd what they had lost by time and ill keeping, but also put 'em in a better order, and got 'em Copied; so that there were many that follow'd Aristotles Doctrine in the Reigns of the 12 Cesars, and their number increas'd much under Adrian and Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, and Lucius V••rus, appointed Alexander of Aphrodi∣sium, to teach the Peripatetick Philosophy at Rome, and the Learned in succeeding Ages Commented upon it: Yet the first Doctors of the Church disapproved this Doctrine, as allowing too much to Reason and Sense, until Anatolius Bp. of Laodicea, Didymus of Al••xandria, St. Jerom and St. Au∣gustin appear'd in its favour. In the 6th Age, Boetius Tran∣slated Aristotle into Latin, and made him known in the West; but from his time to the 8th Century, St. John of Damascus was the only Man that made an Abridgement of his Philo∣sophy, and wrote any thing of him. The Grecians in the 11th and following Ages, applied themselves much to it, as did the Arabians in Africa, who wrote Commentaries upon most part of his Works: The chief Men were Avicenne and Averro••z. The Africans brought it into Spain, and the Spa∣niards into France, where it was taught in the University of Paris, until Amauri defending some particular Opinions by its Principles, was condemn'd of Heresie in a Council held there 1210. and then all Aristotle's Works that could be found were burn'd, and the reading of 'em forbidden under pain of Excommunication. This Prohibition was confirm'd as to the Physicks and Metaphysicks in 1215. by the Popes Legate, who gave leave to read his Logick, instead of St. Augustin's, us'd at that time in the University: But Albertus Magnus, and Thomas Aquinas, soon after wrote Commentaries upon the whole; and the Cardinals, sent Commissioners by Pope Urban V. to reform the University in 1366. Licens'd all People to read what the others had forbidden; and in 1448. Pope St••phen approv'd all his Works, and had 'em Translated afresh into Latine. This encouragement, with the emula∣tion of some Popish Orders and Sects, as the Nominales, Rea∣lists, Thomists and Scotists, occasion'd so many Commentaries, and particular Explications, that Patricius, in his time, rec∣kons above 12000 Printed Volumes on this Subject, which brought much discredit to the Doctrine of that Great Man. The University of Paris oblig'd themselves in 1611. to teach no other Philosophy but Aristotles, and this was confirm'd by Acts of Parliament in 1624. and 1629. John de Launoi's Books of Aristotle's Fortune. Peripateticae discussiones Patricii. P. Ra∣pins Comparison of Plato and Aristotle.
• Aristorenus, a Philosopher of Tarentum, and Disciple of Aristotle, hoped that his Master would name him his Suc∣cessor; but being disappointed, spoke of him always with contempt. He Compos'd 453 pieces of Musick, Philoso∣phy, and History: His Treatise of Harmonic Elements was Printed not long since at Oxford. Aulus Gellius, Li. 4. Cicero. St. Jerome.
• Arius, or Thuras, K. of the Assyrians, succeeded Ninias, and subdued the Bactrians, a People of Scythia; he began his Reign An. M. 2039. and Reign'd 30 years: In his time Circumcision was instituted, Sodom and Gomorra were burnt, and Isaac was born. Euseb. Genebrard. Suidas.
• * Arklow, a Market, Borough, and Sea Town of Lem∣ster in Ireland, 12 miles South of Wicklow. It formerly gave name to a County, and now is a Barony in the County of Wicklow, the Title whereof is enjoy'd by the Duke of Or∣mond.
• Arles, Lat. Arlelatum an Archïepiscopal City of Provence, to which Mars••illes, Toulon, St. Paul Trois Chasteaux and Orange, are Suffragant, was one of the most ancient and famous Cities of the Gaul••, and where the Assemblies of the Seven Provinces, of Viennois, the 1st and 2d Aquitain, Novempopulania, the two Narbonnoises, and the Maritime Alpes, were bound to meet every year, and sate from the middle of August to the mid∣dle of September; and indeed Arles still retains several Mo∣numents of its Antiquity and Opulency, as the remains of an Amphitheatre, Aqueducts, Columns and Statues, among the rest one of Diana, still to be seen in the Town-house. Constantine the Great made choice of it for his residence, and the seat of the Empire of the Gauls. The Visigoths Besieged it in 429. but Aetius reliev'd it. About the year 513 it was taken by the Francks, who made themselves Masters of all the rest of the Province. In the year 730, the Saracens took it; but it was soon recover'd by Charles Martel, and so re∣main'd in the possession of the French, till 879. that Boson caus'd himself to be declar'd K. of Arles, that is of the Pro∣vince of Burgundy; and this was the beginning of the King∣dom of Arles. In 1213 Frederic the 2d granted such parti∣cular Priviledges to this City, that it declar'd it self a Com∣monwealth, and was Governed by a chief Magistrate stil'd a Podestat, by Consuls, and a Judge. The People elected the Podestat, the Archbishop nam'd the Consuls, and the Po∣destat appointed the Judge; but this Republic lasted not above 37 years, being utterly dissolv'd by Charles I. Count of Provence, in the year 1251. The fidelity of this City to the Successors of Rodolphus, gain'd it great advantages, for the Em∣perors enlarg'd its Privileges from time to time, especially Conrad III. and Frederic I. who in 1167 constrain'd the Dukes of Zuringen, to quit all their Claims to the Kingdom of Arles, to William de Beaux Prince of Orange in 1214; and Raymund the Son of William surrendred all his Title to Charles I. Count of Provence, under which Counts it remain'd until at length it was reunited, with the rest of the Province, to the Crown of France. An. 312. or 314. a Council was held here of African Bps, by order of Constantine, who came thi∣ther in person to take cognizance of the accusations against Cccilian Bp of Carthage. There were 200 Bps there, who made 22 Canons, in some of which they condemned the Donatists; this was 16 years before the General Council of Nice. The Emperor Constance held another here in 354. where the Arians condemned St. Athanasius. In 449. Raven••us Abp of this place held several Councils for reforming of Manners, and the Discipline of the Church. In 475. another was held here against the Predestinatiens; the 1st of those Councils is Learnedly treated of by Bishop Stillingfleet, and the 4th by Abp Usher. Arles is at this day a very large City, with a fair Cathedral, and eight Parish Churches, a Royal Academy for Languages and Sciences, confirm'd by the King's Letters Patents in 1669. Nor is the Roman Obelisk one of the meanest Ornaments of this City, first discover'd in the Reign of Charles the 9th, in a private Garden, but not erected till the year 1677. It's all of one entire piece of Oriental Granite, which is a Stone, both harder, and more precious than Marble; it's 52 Foot high, and 7 Foot thick in the Basis. Gregoire de Tours.
• * Arleur, a little Town in the Netherlands subject to the French, 6 miles S. of Doway, and 8 N E. of Cambray in the Hainault.
• * Arlington, a small Village in the middle, between Har∣lington and Shepeston, the birth-place of Henry Bennet, Created Baron of Arlington by K. Charles II. March 4. 1664. Earl of the same April 22. 1672. Lord Chamberlain of the Hou∣shold to K. Charles the 2d. September 11. 1674. and died July 28. 1685. He was Son to John Bennet of Arlington, bred at Oxford, and there, during the Civil war, became under Secretary to George Lord Digby, Secretary of State, after∣wards a Volunteer in the Army, and signaliz'd himself at Andover; he followed King Charles 2d. beyond Sea, who Knighted him at Bruges, March 1658. and sent him Leiger to the Court of Spain; after his return he was made Privy-Purse, Principal Secretary of State, Knight of the Garter, and one of the Plenipotentiaries to treat of a Peace betwixt the French K. and the States in 1672. and the Emperor and French King in 1674.
• Arlon, Lat. Arlunum, a City of the Spanish Netherlands, in the Dutchy of Luxemburgh, dignified with the Title of a Marquisate in the year 1103. seated upon a Hill, where the ancient Inhabitants were wont to adore the Moon, four Leagues from Luxemburgh, and six from Montmedy. Guichar∣din, Lon. 25. 18. Lat. 49. 25.
• Arma, a City and Province of South America, in the King∣dom of Popajan, 25 from St. Foy and 50 Miles from Popajan.
• * Armadabar, a very large and rich City of Asia, near the Indian Sea, the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Guzarata, and one of the chief Towns belonging to the Mogul. It is 18 Leagues from Cambay, and 45 North of Surat, thought to be the Barbari of the Ancients. Baud.
• * Armagh, a County, Barony, and Town of the Province of Ulster in the North of Ireland. The County is divided in∣to five Baronies, whereof Armagh is one; The Town mise∣rably defac'd by Fire in Tir-Owen's Rebellion, shews nothing but the Ruins of an ancient City, reduc'd to a few poor Cot∣tages, which hardly preserve the reputation of a Market and Burrough Town; and yet it's the Seat of the Primate of all Ireland, call'd Armacha, or Ardinacha. The Primate was

• subject to the Abp. of Canterbury until 1122. that it was ex∣empted by one Papirio, the Pope's Legate. This Place was taken by Oliver in 1630. the County is one of the fruitfullest in Ireland. Joselmus says, that St. Patrick founded Armagh about 445. it's ancient name being Druin Silogh, i. e. Willow-Grove, and upon his account made Metropolis of Ireland; and according to that Author was a famous City, until a∣bout 848. that it was burn'd by the Danes, being then an University.
• Armagnar Aremorica, a Country of France in Gascogne, be∣tween Bearn, Bigorre, Le Pais de Cominges, Languedoc and Guien; It is extreamly populous and fertile, containing above 14 Cities, and Water'd with several Rivers that fall into the Garonne. It has had its particular Counts famous in the Hi∣story of France; and there are Counted in it above 1800 Fiefs subject to the Ban and Arriere-ban.
• Armais, or Armeses K. of Egypt, and Son of Acencheres 11. It's said he built a Bassin of 3600 Stades or Furlongs in com∣pass, and 40 Cubits deep, to preserve the Waters of the Nile in a great drought. In the middle of this Pond he built a magnificent Tomb, and upon this two high Pyramids, one for himself, and the other for his Queen, with two great Statues plac'd each upon a Throne. Authors add, That he gave the profit of the Fish of this vast Pond to his Queen, to buy her Essences and Pomatums. Jos. cont. Appion.
• Armand of Bourbon, Prince of Conti, Knight of the King's Order, Governor of Guyenne, and afterwards of Languedoc. His Father Henry II. of that name, Prince of Conti, design∣ing him for the Church, kept him close to his Studies, and procur'd him the Abbies of St. Denis, Cluni, Lerius, and de Moleme; but he quitted all these for the Army. He was made Governor of Guyenne in 1654. afterwards General of the King's Forces in Catalonia, where in 1655. he took Ville-franche, Puycerda and Chatillon, whereupon he was made Lord Steward of the King's Houshold, and then dispatch'd into Italy, to command the Forces there with the Duke of Modena. He was made Knight of Kings Order in 1662. and died four years after.
• Armellino, made Cardinal by Leo X. because he was an excellent Projector for raising Money, but so extreamly ha∣ted by the People for his Taxes and Impositions, that in a Consistory call'd by Adrian VI. to raise Money for the neces∣sity of the Church, Cardinal Colonna told his Brethren, That If they would flea Armellino, and demand a Quatrino or Farthing of all that would be willing to see him in that condition, the Coffers would soon be fill'd. He was besieg'd in the Castle of St. Angelo, together with Clement VII. and died of Grief for being Plun∣der'd of all he had by the Germans. Paul Jove.
• Armenia, a Large Country of Asia, mostly under the Turks, it's usually divided into Greater and Lesser; The greater, now call'd Turcomania and Curdistan was much more famous anciently than now, as having no other advantages, but what Nature has afforded it in its bounds and scituation; for the whole Armenia is enclos'd between Mountains, Rivers and Seas. To the North lye the Mountains of Muscovy, that separate it from Colchis, Iberia and Albany, which is generally call'd Georgia; to the South it has the Mountains Taurus and Niphates, which part it from Mesopotamia or Assyria, now call'd Diarbeck; Westward the Euphrates, and under it from Lesser Asia or Anatolia, the Caspian Mountains bound it East∣ward on that side next to Media, at this day known by the name of Servan: There are other parts of Armenia that lye towards the Caspian Sea, between Albania and Media, and others towards Pontus Euxinus, or the Black Sea; and there∣fore some Geographers extend the bounds of Armenia as far as those Seas. The Cities of Curdistan or Turcomania, are Erzerum, Cars, Van Shildir, Teflis, Revan, Derbent, &c. of which some belong to the K. of Persia. The Lesser Armenia, now call'd Aladuli, or according to others Pegian is entirely under the Turk; the principal City of this Country is Maraz, There is also Savas or Sebasta, and some others which are usually plac'd in Anatolia, or Asia the less. Armenia is full of Valleys, Lakes and Rivers. The Mountain of Anti-Tau∣rus cuts it from East to West. The Air is wholsome, thô somewhat cold by reason of the Mountains; they have abundance of Fruit and Corn, but little Wine: There is also Bole Armene, Amomum, which is a kind of odoriferous Shrub, Honey, Silk and Silver Mines toward Seruan. The Pasture is very good, especially for Horses. It was upon the Mountains of this Country that the Ark rested; and some will have Paradice to have been also here. The Arme∣nians are a good sort of People, satisfied with a very little; many of 'em industrious, and great Traders in Asia and Eu∣rope. This Country was formerly subject to the Persians, and afterwards to the Macedonians, yet it has had some Kings of its own, whereof Tigranes, the 1st, and most considerable, sided with his Father-in-Law Mithridates against the Romans; but was at last forc'd to hold his Crown of 'em. The Armeni∣ans, in the following Ages, pay'd Homage to the Emperors of Constantinople, until 1515. that they were utterly Con∣quer'd by Selim the Turkish Emperor. Ricaut. Hist. of the Turkish Empire.
• The Apostle St. Bartholomew Preach'd the Gospel in Ar∣m••nia, and the number of the Faithful increas'd consider∣ably in the following Ages; so that in the IV Century their Church flourish'd under their Bp. Gregory, when not only the Clergy, but also Laicks and Virgins suffer'd for the true Faith: About the end of this same Age it was persecuted by the Arians. It withdrew it self from the Patriarchs of Con∣stantinople in the IXth Age, and separated quite from the Greek Church, having now two Patriarchs of their own, one in the greater, the other in the lesser Armenia; the first re∣sided generally at Sebaste, but now lives in the Monastery of Etchemiazin near Ervan: The second, that formerly kept his See at Melilene, lives now at Sis, near Tarsis in Cilicia. The Armenians held, That the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Father alone, mix'd no Water with the Wine in the Cha∣lice, and gave the Communion to little Children; They de∣nied that the Sacraments confer'd Grace, as also Purgatory, thô they prayed for the Dead, and imagin'd that there was no enjoyment of Glory, until after the general Resurrection. Their Monks and other Clergy live single, and observe two or three very rigorous Lents in the year. Father Galanus a The∣atin, in his Book Printed at Rome, An. 1650. adds to this former account, That the Armenians affirm St. Jude, and St. Thadaeus, were Apostles of that Countrey, as well as St. Bartholomew, who, they say, were put to death by K. Sana∣trug; That their first K. who believ'd in Christ, was Aba∣garus of Edessa, or Upper Syria. He adds, That they follow Eutyches's Doctrine, and hold there is neither a Paradice for Saints, nor Hell for the Damn'd, till after the last Judg∣ment; but that the Souls of all deceas'd expect that day, all in one place, where the just have joy in their hope of Bliss, and the bad suffer in foreseeing their certain Damnation. Some there are amongst 'em, who believe that our Saviour descended into Limbus Patrum, and destroy'd Hell; and that Damnation consists only in being depriv'd of God. They keep Christ's Birth and Epiphany on the 6th of January, which they say was our Saviour's Birth-day; and that he was Baptiz'd on that same day of the Month, the 30th year of his Age; They deny the Pope's Supremacy, admit but one Nature in Christ, compos'd of Humane and Divine, without any mixture. Their respect for Doctors and Masters is very great, because they think their Dignity represents that of Jesus Christ called Rabbi, for they prefer 'em to Bishops, and allow 'em greater Privileges. The Patriarchs say, The ig∣norance of these latter forc'd them to it; and that this should not seem strange, seeing that in the Church of Rome, some Cardinals, who are neither Priests nor Deacons, pre∣cede Archbishops and Patriarchs. Some of the Armenians own the Church of Rome, and were united to the same at Caminicck in 1666. having a particular Patriarch of their own. And Popish Authors say, that there was an Union in 1036. when Maximus their Patriarch, with the Bps of Media and Persia, assisted at the Council of Jerusalem in 1036. but this Union hath been several times renewed and broken. They add, That in 1552. some of them separated from the Patriarch of Babylon, and chose another who submitted to Pope Julius 3d. and that the Successor of this Patriarch as∣sisted at the Council of Trent; but since that time, they have again submitted to the Patriarch of Babylon. Strabo. Justin. Euseb. Sponde. Scaliger, Petau, Le Mire.
• Armentiers Sur Le Lys, in Lat. Armentariae, a City of Flanders, three Leagues from L'Ile, three from Ypre, and four from Basse, it has been often taken and retaken in this last Age. The Archduke Governor of the Low-Countries in 1647. took it from the French, who not long after became Masters of it again, and still are in possession of it, by the Treaty of Aix La Chapelle. It's considerable for its Linnen Manu∣factory and Trade.
• * Armiers, a Town of Hainault in the Low Countries, subject to the French; It stands on the Sambre, 8 Miles S W. of Maubeuge, and 15 S. of Mons. Lon. 23. 6. Lat. 52. 4.
• Arminius, General of the Cherusci, a People of Lower Germany, Revolted from the Romans about the 9th year of Christ, surpriz'd and defeated Varus in Westphalia, not far from Paderborn, and cut off three Roman Legions; but was afterwards routed by Germanicus, whose Soldiers he endea∣vour'd to debauch; and lastly kill'd by his own followers for affecting a Kingly Government. Tacitus extolls him both for his Generosity and Courage. Tacitus.
• * Armiro, Eretria, a Sea Port, and City of Thessalia, mentioned by Livy, Strabo, Thucydides, Polybius and Stepha∣nus; It lies upon the Sinus Pelagicus, which from it now is called the Gulph of Armiro, 17 English Miles from Larissa to the S. Out of this Gulph the Argonauts loosed when they went to Colchis for the Golden-Fleece; and in it the Navy of Xerxes was sorely shattered by a Tempest, which then saved Greece. In the same Bay or Gulph lies Volo, Demetrias, and Pagase; in which last, the Ship Argo was built. Ptolom. Long. 51. 00. Lat. 38. 50.
• Armleder, a Captain that headed a great number of Pea∣sants in Germany, who Massacred all the Jews they could meet with, because a Jew ran a Penknife into a Consecrated Host: After they had Plunder'd and Banish'd the Jews, they fell upon the Christians, until the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria caus'd their Leader to be seiz'd and put to death; this happen'd in 1338. Bosquet in vita. Bened. XII. Sponde, A. C. 1331.

• Armorica, Bretaigne in France, anciently so call'd; but the word in the Gaulick, originally signifies Maritime, and may take in all those parts under the second Lyonnois, bor∣dering upon the Sea.
• Arms, or Coat of Arms, marks of Nobility and Honour, compos'd of Figures, Metals, and Colours, represented in Escutcheons, for the distinctions of Persons and Families. These were not us'd before the 10th or 11th Age; for the Tombs of Princes and Noble-men dead before that time, are observ'd to have none at all; the most Ancient to be seen, are simple Crosses with Gothick inscriptions. Thô this is the common Opinion, That Coats of Arms begun to be made use of about the time of the first Croisade; and that the several marks of distinction which the Princes and Noble Men of that League wore, gave occasion to their use; yet some will have them to be of a much longer standing: For Favin, in his Theatre of Honour, says, That the off-spring of Scth made use of the Figures of divers Natural things, as Fruit, Plants, and Beasts in their Arms, to distinguish 'em from the descendants of Cain; and that the Children of Ca••n had for their Coats of Arms, the Figure of the diffe∣rent Instruments they used in their several Mechanical em∣ployments; others will have Coats of Arms to have been u••'d at least when the Israelites came out of Egypt, because it's said in the Book of Numbers, c. 2. That God's People in∣camp'd by Tribes or Families, distinguish'd from each other by their Colours and Standards; and hence some will have these 12 Tribes to have represented the Signs of the Zodiak, and for their Coats of Arms, assign 'em the Images of these Constellations. This subject is so Noble, that it will not be amiss to mark the chief causes and occasions of chusing the different Colours and things represented in Coats of Arms; the most censiderable are the name, some remarka∣ble Actions, Dignities and Offices, the Croisades, Devises and symbolick Allusions; Lewis the Young, the 1st K. of ••rance, that took the Lillies, is said to have taken 'em, be∣cause Lys sounds somewhat like his name; others say, it's because that Prince was call'd Lodovicus Florus. The three M••rtins in the Arms of the House of Lorrain is in memory of the three which Godfr••y of Bouillon spitted upon one Arrow as they sate upon a Tower of the Walls of Jerusalem, when he lay'd a Siege to it. Cup-bearers, Carvers, &c. took the Cup and Knife in their Arms as marks of their Office. The Towns which cross'd themselves for the Popes, during their Wars with the Germans, took the Cross, and retain it still in their Arms. The Arms of the States of Holland, being of the latest, are very remarkable, viz. seven Arrows in a Lyon's Paw, representing the seven United Provinces, and a Sword, denoting the Arms they took in their own defence: They al∣so put a Hat upon this Lion in the beginning, to shew their Libe••ty, and have Crowned him since, as a sign of their Sovereignity; as for Symbolick Allusions, Lyons were gi∣ven to the Couragious and Valiant; and the Eagle to the Sagacious and great Wits, &c. The Town of Orleans gives three hearts of Lillies for its Arms, to shew the Cordial Love it bears France. St. Malo's has Dogs, al∣luding to the Dogs that Guard it, &c. Pere Menctrier Ori∣gine des Armiries.
• * Ar••stroder, Sir Robert liv'd in the Reign of K. Charles I. and was a skilful Antiquary, and a noted Soldier, brought off 500 English Men from 6000 Spaniards for 3 Leagues to∣gether cross a long a Plain, without the loss of one Man, thô they might have surrounded him at pleasure. Being a Man of good Discourse, that could Droll well, and Drink hard, he was sent to Denmark, where he no sooner arriv'd, but he went to wait of the King, and begg'd a quick dispatch; The King pleas'd with his good humour, order'd his busi∣ness to be dispatch'd that night, and him to be sent aboard when asleep. Amaz'd at it when he awak'd, he presently made his way for England, whether he return'd before it could be well suppos'd he was Landed in Denmark. To him, and Sir H. Wotton, we owe the Art of making Tapistry here in England, brought over hither by Klein a German.
• * Armuydena, Town of Zeland in the Island of Valachria, half a League from Middleburg, almost desolate because the Port is spoil'd with Slime. Baudr.
• * Arnay le duc, Arnaeum Ducum, a small City of Burgundy in Anxois, about five or six Leagues from Autun, pleasantly seat∣ed, where the Bayliff of Auxois sometimes keeps his seat.
• * Arnhemii Regio, t' Land Van Arnheimd, a part of the Terra Australis, lately discover'd by the Hollanders, upon the Coast of Auchidol, South of New Guinnea, between Carpentaria and the Region of Concord.
• Arnheim Arenacum, a City of Guelderland in the Low Coun∣tries, seated upon the Rhine in the possession of the Hollanders, large, well-fortified, and populous. Otho the 4th Duke of Gueldres, order'd it to be made a place of strength and de∣fence; Charles V. setled there in 1543. the Council of Guel∣dres and Zutphen; the Hollanders took it in 1585. However it's still the place where the Chancellor and Governor of Guelderland resides, as being the chief Town of the 4th Quar∣ter of that Dutchy, two Leagues from Nimeguen, and as ma∣ny from Doesburgh. It was taken by the French in 1672. but soon after quitted. Long. 27. 20. Lat. 32. 02.
• Arnhusia, Arnhusen, a little City of Germany, in the Lower Pomerania, under the Duke of Brandenburgh, near the River Rega; four Leagues from Colberg and the Baltick Sea.
• Arno, Lat. Arnus, a River of Tuscany in Italy, which rises near the Fountains of Tiber, and runs betwixt Pisa and Flo∣rence; it's Navigable as far as the latter.
• Arnobius the elder, an African, who flourish'd about 297. He taught Rhetorick at Sicca, a City of Numidia, and was Lactantius's Master. He turn'd Christian in the Reign of Dioclesian, and to evidence the sincerity of his Conversion, writ seven Books against the Gentiles before he was Baptized, the slight errors whereof are the more pardonable, because writ before he was well grounded in the Christian Faith. Possevin Le Mire. Bellarmin.
• Arnobius the younger, writ of Unity, the Trinity, Con∣cord of Grace, and Freewill, by way of Dialogue between him and Scrapion, wherein he affirms the Writings of St. Austin to be of equal Authority with those of the Apostles. He flourish'd in the V Century, after the Council of Chal••e∣don, about the year 460. Bellarmin. Possevin.
• Arnold, Lord of Andilli (Robert) born at Paris in 1589. of a Noble and Ancient Family of Auvergne, appear'd at Court very young, and was imploy'd in the most important Affairs of State, his known integrity made his Prince, with whom he was very free, take no exception at any thing he said, and consent to most things he desir'd for his Friends or others. At last, weary of the World, quitted this Interest at Court at 55 years of Age, and retir'd to the Convent of Port-Royal des-champs, where his Mother, six of his Sisters, and five of his own Daughters were Nuns. It was here he compos'd his fam'd Works, and finish'd his excellent Tran∣slations Printed in eight Volumes in Folio. He died in 1674. the 86 year of his Age. Arnold de Pomponne, his Son, was Ambassador in Sweedland, and whilst there, chosen Secretary of State by Lewis XIV. Thuan. Sancte Marthe Godeau.
• Arnold de Mechtal, of the Canton of Underwal in Switzerland, who, to be reveng'd on Lund••nberg, Governor of that Pro∣vince for the Emperor, who had put out his Father Henry's Eyes, joyn'd himself with Wernher Stauffacher of the Canton of Switz, and Walter Furstius of the Canton of Uri, in order to throw off the Imperial Yoke; and accordingly, in the year 1307. effected their design, and lay'd the foundation of Liberty, each for his several Canton. Simler.
• Arnold, de Villa Nova, a Catalonian, the most famous Phy∣sician of his time. He wrote against the Corruptions of the Church of Rome, and was therefore condemn'd by Clement V. and his Inquisitors, for an Astrologer, a Magician, and an Heretick. He died in 1309. Vander Linden, Spond.
• Arnold de Brescia, He affirm'd, That Lands and Estates belong'd not to the Clergy, but to the Secular Prince; That Rome was to be restor'd to her Ancient Liberty, by the ex∣pulsion of the Pope and Cardinals, and throwing off the Priests Yoke; which Contest, so offensive to the Church of Rome, continued till Clement III. who constrain'd him to fly to the Emperor Frederick I. and he afterwards deliver'd him up to Adrian IV. who first hang'd and then burnt him. Ge∣nebrard, Platina, Onuphrius.
• Arnon, a River, having its source in the Mountains of Arabia, and passing through the whole Desart, falls into the Lake Asphaltites, dividing the Moabites from the Amorhites; which was very difficult to pass, because it abounds with Stones, thô God made it easie to the Israelites, as may be ga∣ther'd from Numb. 21.14. where it is mention'd, what he did in the Red Sea, and at the Brooks of Arnon.
• Arnots, People of Albany, upon the Eastern Coasts of the Gulph of Venice, they are a kind of Vagabonds that have no setled habitations. The Albanois, that live in the Isle of Nio, in the Archipelago, towards Europe, are also call'd Arnots.
• * Arnsberg, a County of Germany in Westphalia, with its chief Town of the same name, having Paderbo••n on the E. March on the N. and W. and Westerwald on the S. formerly subject to Counts of its own; but now to the Bp. of Cologne-Baud.
• Arnsburg, a small City, Capital of the Isle of Oesel in the Baltick Sea, subject to the K. of Sweeden, its defended with a strong Castle.
• * Arnstadr, a small Town in Germany on the River Gera in Thuringiom••n, three German Leagues S. of Erford, and some∣what more from Gotha. It's the usual residence of the Counts of Schwartzenburg. Baud.
• Arnulph, K. of Bavaria, and Son of Charlemaigne, by a Mistress of his nam'd Litovinda, Elect Emperor of the West in 888. when Guy, Duke of Spoleto, and others, assum'd the same Title in Italy. He suppress'd the Sclavonians, assigning them Moravia by Treaty, which being broke on their part, he totally routed them out. After that, he expell'd the Nor∣mans, and harass'd Lorain, which he had given to his Son Zenebald: Thence Marching to assist Pope Formosus in Italy, against Lambert, Son of Guido, Duke of Spoleto, he joyn'd with Berengarius, Duke of Friuli, and took B••rgamo, and Rome it self, where he was Crown'd by Formosus in 896. and in a few days after besieg'd Spoleto; but being poysoned by one of his Servants, at the instigation of Guido's Lady, his Body was so infected, that returning into Germany, he died of the Lou∣sie Disease, Nov. 14. 899. Luitprand.

• Arnulph, the wicked Duke of Bavaria, he flourish'd a∣bout 930. He was so barbarously cruel, that he gloried in sacrificing every thing to his Passion and Interest. About 920 he call'd in the Hungarians, to pillage Franconia and Thu∣ringia, and was always at War with his Neighbours. But going into Italy about 932. at the persuasion of Rathier, Bp of Verona, he was defeated by King Hugo: After which, re∣turning into Germany, he was kill'd upon the Sacking of Augsburg. Baronius. Sigenius. Bertius.
• Arnulph the Great, Count of Flanders, succeeded his Fa∣ther Baldwin II. about 917. a Daring and Courageous Prince. He kill'd, or at least was present when William Longsword, Duke of Normandy, was Murdered; whom he sent for un∣der pretence of a Conference, near Pequigni on the Somme, in 943. His hatred towards him proceeded from the taking of Montrevil by the French. He died in 963. Aged 92. Si∣gebert. Flodoard.
• Arnulph Bp. of Mets, from whom were descended the Kings of France, of the 2d race was considerable for his Birth, Imployments and great Parts. He had the care of six Royal Houses under Theodebert II. K. of Austrasia; afterwards his Wife Doe dying, or, as some think, withdrawing into a Nunnery, he was chosen Bp. of Mets, after Papole Clotair II. perswaded him to keep in with his eldest Son Dagobert, to whom he had given the Kingdom of Austrasia; but the love of solitude, and a retired Life, made him quit the Court and his Bishop∣prick, to live in the Desarts of Vosge, with St. Romaric, which was a little before Clataire's death, in 628. or 29. It's not known what year Arnulph died in, he left by his Wife Dodé, Clodulfe who was afterwards Bp of Mets, and An∣chise Father of Pepin Heristel, Charles Martel's Father. Saincte Marthe, Valois, Annul France.
• Arnulph Bp. of Lizieux liv'd in the XIIth Age, and suc∣ceeded his Uncle John in the Sec of Lizieux, An 1141. This Prelate was much esteem'd by Pope Alexander III. whose part he took against the Schismaticks; and by Henry II. of England, whom he visited to make up the difference between him and St. Thomas of Canterbury, but without success. He resented St. Thomas's death very much, and wrote something concerning it, that displeas'd K. Henry; whereupon he re∣tir'd to the Abby of St. Victor Lez. where he died in 1182. St. Marthe, Bellarmin, Possevin, Le Mire, &c.
• Arnulph, a Magician of Egypt, who deluded a great ma∣ny by his Charms and Inchantments; He came to Rome, and commonly kept at the Court of the Emperor Marc. Aurel. An∣toninus. Dion. writes, That he occasion'd the defeat of the Germans in 174. by a Rain that he caus'd, in invoking Mer∣cury and the other Demons of the Air. But Xiphilin says, this is not true; and that the Glory of that marvellous suc∣cess was altogether due to the Legion of the Christians then call'd Melitine, and after that Batle Fulminant. Tertulian. Eu∣s••be, Li. 5. Hist. c. 5.
• Aroe, or Arren, a small Island in the Baltick, belonging to the K. of Denmark: It has one Town call'd Copen, and depends on the Dutchy of Sleswick.
• Aroer, one of the Cities mentioned in the Word Arnon, was called Rabbath Moab, it being the Capital City of that Nation; but losing it to Scon King of the Amorites, before the Children of Israel came up to it, it fell to the Children of Gad. Near it Jephtha overthrew the Ammonites, Numb. 21. 22, 32.
• Aromaia, a Province of South America in New-Andaluzia, near the mouth of the River Orinoque, and adjoining to the Country of the Caribes.
• Aron Rachid, the 19th Califf or Successor of Mahomet, elected in 792, who not contented with the Tribute which Mahomet M••hedi his Predecessor had consented to pay, broke with the Emperess Irene, and wasted several Provinces of her Empire; but was the next year forced to accept the same Tribute, that he might have leisure to quell two Factions in Persia, then grown to a Head; viz. the Sects of Abubequer, and Hali. In 801 he again refus'd the Emperor Nicephorus's Tribute, and ravag'd all Romania, but afterwards made a Truce with him, upon Condition of 30000 Byzantines of Gold per Annum. At last Nicephorus disdaining the perfidi∣ousness of Aron, who had so often broke his Word, took the Field, and recovered all he had lost before. Whereupon Aron sent an Army to harass Romania, with the Islands of Cyprus and Rhodes, and at last died in Persia, An. 814. Mar∣mol.
• Arona, a small City of Italy, in Milanois, upon the Lake call'd Lago Maggiore, belonging to the Family of the Borro∣mei, remarkable for the Birth of Cardinal Charles Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, fortified with a strong Castle, and very Populous.
• Aron••e, Grandchild of Tarquin, the Ancient K. of Rome, Brother to Tarquin the Proud: Servius Tullius that succeeded Tarquin the Ancient, Married his Daughter Tarquinia, by whom he had two Daughters, the eldest of a mild and vir∣tuous temper, the other cruel and ambitious; he Married these two to his Nephews, the best condition'd to Tarquin, a haughty, furious and passionate Spark; and Tullia the cruel and ambitious to Aurence. The mild temper counterbalanc'd for some time passion; but at last Nature joyn'd what For∣tune had separated, for Tarquin not being able to suffer a mild humour that check'd his Pride, and the furious Tullia being weary of living with Aronce, because he valued no Greatness but what was just and virtuous, Poyson'd the other two to come together. This happen'd in the 216 year of Rome. Tit. Liv. Denys Halicarnassus.
• Arosen, or Westeras, Lat. Arosia, a City of Swedeland, the Capital of the Province of Westimania, with a Fortress upon the Lake Meler, near which there are Silver Mines. Here it was that Gustavus I. afterwards King of Sweden, defeated Christiern II. of Denmark in 1521; and in 1540, having sum∣mon'd the States to meet at this place, he caus'd the King∣dom to be declar'd Hereditary, which was before Elective.
• Arot and Marot, two Angels feign'd by Mahomet to be sent from God, to admonish Men to abstain from Murder, false Judgments, and all manner of Excess; adding, that a hand∣som Woman having invited 'em to dinner, made 'em drink plentifully; and being heated therewith, they attempted her to Folly, to which she made semblance as if she would yield, on condition, that they should teach her the Words by vertue whereof they ascended to Heaven: Which being done, she retracted her promise, and was immediately snatch'd up thither, where having told her story to God, she was turn'd into the North Star. And from hence it was, say•• Mahomet, that God forbid the use of Wine. Alcoran.
• Arow, a Free City of the Canton of Bern, in the Coun∣try of Argow, between Olten and Biberstein, upon the River Aar, whence it takes its name; The place where the Pro∣testant Cantons hold their Dyets, as the Catholicks do at Bern. Stumpf. Hist. de Swisse.
• Arpaia, formerly call'd Caudium, near to which are the Furcae Caudinae, now call'd Straito d' Arpaia, being a passage betwixt two Mountains, where not above two Persons can pass a-brest, famous for the imprudent Conduct of T. Vetru∣nius, and S. P. Posthumius, who having unadvisedly brought their Army into that Pass, they were besieged by the Sam∣nites, and obliged to surrender on these disgraceful Condi∣tions, That they should pass by Couples through a Yoke com∣posed of 2 Pikes, cross'd with a third a-top, without Arms, their Hands tied behind their Backs, and bare Headed, whence that of Lucan:

  —Romana quae samnis, Ultra caudinas speravit vulnera furcas. Tit. Liv. Lucan.

• Arpajon, the eldest Barony of Rovergue, a Province of France, erected into a Dutchy in 1651.
• Arpentras, formerly a City, now a Village call'd Vidy, upon the Lake Leman, below the City of Lausanne. A Countryman plowing in the adjoining Fields, An. 1629, turn'd up the Effigies of a Bull, together with that of the Sacrificer; and there are commonly found Medals, broken Bricks and Tiles, which shew it to have been a City, or at least a Town of greater note then now it is. Plan••in.
• Arphaxad, Son of Sem, born the 2d year after the Flood, and 1659 after the Creation. He liv'd 438 years, and is thought to have given name to that part of Assyria, call'd Arphaxitis, which Ptolomy calls Arrapachitis.
• Arpino, a Castle with a Town call'd Santo Dominico, be∣longing to the Terra di Lavoro, in the Kingdom of Naples, bordering upon St. Peter's Patrimony. Anciently a City call'd Arpinum in the possession of the Volsci, where Cajus Marius, 7 times Consul of Rome, was born, and therefrom Sirnam'd Arpinas.
• Arques, a Borough of France in Normandy, 2 miles from Dieppe, memorable for the Victory obtain'd there by Hen. IV. Sept. 21. 1589, where he routed the Duke of Main's Army, consisting of above 30000 Men, with only 500 Horse, 1200 French Foot, and 2000 Swisses.
• Arques, by others call'd Arc, a Borough of France, near the Meuse, in the Dutchy of Barr, the place (as is supposed) where Joan of Arc, or, the Maid of Orleans, was born, in the Reign of Charles VII.
• Arracan, or Arracaon, a City of India, seated in the P••∣ninsula beyond Ganges, upon the River Martaban, 6 miles from the Sea, and the Metropolis of a Kingdom of the same Name. The K. of Arracan is very powerful, he and the K. of Tangu in this Age ruin'd him of Pegu.
• * Arran, the Islands of Arran, so we call 3 Islands that lie in the West of Ireland, at the entrance of the Bay of Galloway, the biggest whereof is call'd Killenoy, the next to it Kiltronon, and the 3d Shere. These were made an Earldom in 1661, in favour of Richard II. Son to James Duke of Ormond.
• * Arran, Arrania, an Island in the West of Scotland, lying betwixt Cantyr on the West, Argile on the North, and Cu∣ningham on the East. It is situated 24 miles from Ailze to the Northward, is 24 miles long, and 16 broad, and so full of craggy Mountains, that only the Sea Coasts thereof are inhabited; where it is lowest the Sea breaks into it, and makes a great Bay, the entrance whereof is shut in by the Island call'd Lamlach, which together with the height of the Mountains breaking the force of the Wind, makes it a very 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• World, Drunk his Ashes mingled with her ordinary Drink, and set up a Prize for him that wrote the best Panegyrick in praise of him, which was won by Theopompus. Suidas.
• Arre••••••, an Syrian of very mean birth, but so like Antio∣cicus K. of Syria, sirnam'd God, that the Queen, after she had poison'd this Prince, made use of him to get the Crown for her own Son Seleucus Callimachus; for having hid the King's Body, she pretended he was very weak, and shew'd the Lords A••t••non in a Bed, who desir'd 'em to make Seleucus his Successor; and some time after the King's death was pub∣lish'd. This happen'd in the 507 of Rome. Pliny, Eusebius, G••nebrard, L. 2.
• Arremon, a Heresiarch, in the 3d Century denied Christ's Divinity, or that he had any considerable advantage over the Prophets. His Disciples joyn'd with the Theodotians, and said, Their Doctrine was always held in the Church until Pope Victor's time; That Zephirin, who succeeded him, be∣gun to question its truth. Eusebius, Lib. 5. Hist. c. 26. 27. Barron. A.C. 296.
• Ar••emon of Cloz••mene, Inventor of the Battering-Ram, Tortoise, and other Warlike Machines, accompanied Pericles to the Siege of Samos in 312 of Rome: There was another of this name that wrote the Lives of Painters. Vos∣sius, Lib. 3. Hist. Graec.
• Arreveidt, James a Fleming, born in Ghent, he liv'd in the XIV Century, Married Richard Brewers Widow, and taking part with Edward, III. of England, he raised himself almost to an Absolute Power in Flanders: But striving to make the Son of Edw. III. of England, Count of Flanders, he was kill'd in 1345. His Son Philip Arteveldt, not so Politick, though Richer, Revolting from the Count of Flanders, put himself at the Head of 40000 Flemings; but was defeated at the Battel of Rosbeque in 1382. and there slain. Meyer Hist. de Flanders.
• Ar••hemius, a General under Julian the Apostate, who Imprison'd and put him to death for defending the Inno∣cency of the Christians, and breaking the Idols. Baronius.
• * Arthur, a British King, one of the Worlds nine Wor∣thi••s, Reign'd as his History tells us, in the beginning of the 6th Age; first he was says N••••nnius, chief General for the British Kings, in their Wars against the Saxons, but 'tis certain he was more magnified in Songs and Romances, than in true Stories: Besides the 12 great and successful Battels he is said to have fought against the Saxons (the last of which was at Badon-hills) some Historians will have expell'd hence the Sarac••ns, then unknown in Europe; to have Conquer'd Freezland, and all the North-East Isles as far as Russia; and to have made Lapland the Eastern bound of his Empire; but when all these exploits should be done, it does not appear: Certain it is, That he had no rest from the Sax∣o••s till after the 12 Battels, and then the Britains, far from seeking Conquests abroad, fell to Civil Wars at home, for which we have Gildas his Testimonies. One would think Policy requi••'d of K. Arthur, rather to have carried the War into Saxony, to keep the Saxons from coming hither, than to have gone about to Conquer Kingdoms as far as Russia, be∣ing scarce able here to defend his own. In short, who this Arthur was, and whether any such ever Reign'd in Britain, has been doubted heretofore, and is by some to this very day.
• Arthm I. of this name, Count of Britany, Son of Geofrey, sirnam'd the Fair, Count of Anjou, and 3d Son of Henry III. K. of England: This Arthur was born at Nantes in 1187. and bore the Title of Count of Anjou in 1199. Richard I. call'd the Proud, Son and Successor of Henry 2d dying, Arthur en∣deavouring to succeed him, was deprived of his Right by his Uncle John, who after many Battels, surpriz'd him at the Siege of Mirebeau, and carried him to Roan, where he was never heard of; Some say his Uncle had him Assassin'd, and order'd his Body to be thrown into the River. Du Chesne Hist. D' Angleterre Argentre Hist. de Bret.
• Arthur III. Duke of Britany and Touraine, Peer, and Lord Constable of France, &c. 2d Son of John the Vth. and Jeanne of Navarre, was born in 1393. taken Prisoner at the Battel of Agincourt in 1415. carried to England, and kept until 1420. at his return thence he sided with the Duke of Burgundy for some time, but left him, and joyn'd with Charles the VII. of France in 1424. by whom he was made Ld. Constable of France. This Duke was very successful against the English in Normandy, Poiclou, and at the Battel of Patai in Beausse in 1429. and no less afterwards in reconciling the D. of Burgundy to the Fr. K. and reducing the City of Paris in 1437. He also made him∣self Master of Meaux in Brie, Bayeux and Caen in Normandy, and defeated the English at the Battel of Formigni in 1450. In 1457. he succeeded his Brother John VI. and his two Ne∣phews, Francis I. and Peter II. in the Dutchy of Britany, but died soon after, leaving no Issue by any of his three Wives. Froissard Hist. T. 3. Argentré Monstrelet.
• Ar••illery, By this word are understood all sorts of great and small Cannons, and other Warlike Engines, us'd now instead of the Battering-Rams and other Machines of the Ancients. Cannons were 1st made use of in 1318. after Berthold Schwartz, a Franciscan, and great Chymist, invented Gunpowder, and the Venetians were the first in Europe that made use of 'em in their War against the G••noueses. The Count of Salisbury besieging Mans in France in 1425. taught the use of them to the French; and the Jews some time after Banish'd out of Spain, taught it the Turks. The Great Ma∣ster of the Artillery Commands all the Officers of the Ar∣tillery, Cannoneers, Pioneers, &c. Orders the Works at Sieges and incampments, takes care of Tents and Pavillions, of Casting Cannons, and making Powder, &c. Before the invention of Cannons, there was a Great Master of the Cross∣bows, whose use the French learn'd in 1199. of Richard I. call'd Lyons Heart, K. of England, who died himself of a Wound by one of these Crossbows, at the Siege of the Ca∣stle of Chains in Limosin. Mezeray Etat de la France.
• Artois, Lat. Artesia, a Province of the Low-Countries, an Earldom under the K. of France, between Flanders, Picardy, Boulonnois and Cambresis, comprehending the Cities of Arras, Aire, St. Omer, Bethune, Bapaume, Hesdin, Renti, St. Paul, &c. Fertile in Wheat, being Water'd by the Rivers Lys, Scarpe, Aa, &c. Artois was subject to the Romans, and afterwards to the Kings of Austrasia; since whose times it has often chang'd Masters. Lewis the XIth of France made himself Master of Arras in 1477. after Charles the Bold or Rash, Duke of Burgundy; but Mary of Burgundy, this Charles's Daughter, Marrying Maximilian the 1st of Austria, Father of Philip I. and Grandfather of Charles V. and Ferdinand I. Francis the 1st of France, was forc'd by the Peace of Madrid in 1529. to quit 'em to Artois, which was afterwards possessed by Philip II. and III. but the French re-conquer'd it under Philip IV. Son of the last, who yielded it 'em by the 35 Article of the Py∣renean Peace in 1659. reserving to himself the Towns of A••re, and St. Omer, since taken by the French. Cesar Comm. Lib. 2. Guichardin descript. du Pais Bas. Meyer. Froissard. Du Puy.
• Aru, a City and Kingdom of Asia, in the Isle of Sumatra; the Town is on the Streight of Malaca, overagainst the City of that Name.
• * Arva, or Orova, a City and County on the Borders of Poland, near the Carpathian Mountains in Hungary.
• Arva, or Arve, a River of Fossigny in Savoy, rising out of an inaccessible Mountain, (on which Rock Crystal is form'd) always cover'd with Snow, much more rapid than the Rhone (in which it loses it self, within a Musket shot of the Gates of Geneva, at a place call'd la iic d' Arve.) When the Snow thaws, or great Rains fall, it swells so of a sudden, that it makes the Rhosne remount towards the Lake, as may be seen by the Mills turning that way. A little before the Massacre on St. Bartholomew's day, in 1572. the Arva over∣flowed to that degree, that the Age of Man could not re∣member the like. There is some Powder of Gold found in the Sands of this River; some that understand how to pick it up get above a Crown a day by it.
• Arvales, a Society of 12 Noble Romans that met on certain days to Sacrifice for the Fruits of the Earth: This Ceremony was first begun by Acca Laurentia, Romulus's Nurse, who every year, assisted with her 12 Sons, us'd to Sacrifice to the Gods, and pray for a good Harvest; one of these Sons dying, Romulus took his place to compleat the Number of 12. and order'd, that this Society should be afterwards call'd Fratres Arvales, from Arvum a Field: They generally met in the Capitol, in the Temple of Concord, or in the Wood conse∣crated to the Goddess Dia, five Miles from Rome, upon the Road now call'd Via Campana; when they sacrificed they wore a Crown made up with Ears of Corn, enterwoven with white Ribbons, which is thought to have been the first sort of Crown us'd by the Romans. Varro. Plin. Fulgentius.
• * Arundel (Henry) the present Lord Arundel of Wardor, is the Grandchild of Thomas, who for his great Service against the Turks, at Gran in Hungary, where he took their Banner with his own hands, was by the Emperor Rodolphus, digni∣fied with the Title of Earl of the Sacred Empire, to continue to him and his Heirs for ever; but the Peers of this Realm disputing his having any precedency by virtue of the same, K. James, in consideration of his merit, advanc'd him to the Dignity of an English Peer, under the Title of Lord Arundel of Wardour. To the said Thomas succeeded his Son of that name, Father of the present Lord Arundel, who was Lord Privy Seal to the Late K. James 2d. His Arms are Sable, and Swallows Argent 3. 2 and 1. in regard the name seems to come from the French, Hirondelle, which signifies a Swallow: This Family hath been eminent in the West of England ever since the Conquest. Dugd.
• * Arundel John, of Trecrice in Cornwal, the present Baron of that name, is the Son of Richard, by Gertrude the Daughter of James Bagge of Saltham, and Widow of Nicholas Haning Kt. which Richard, was by K. Charles II. (March 29. 1664.) created Baron Arundel of Treries, in consideration of his own, and his Father's Service against the Parliament Army; he having lost two Brothers, held out Pendennis Castle, and sig∣naliz'd himself in divers occasions in that War. Trerice has been the Ancient Seat of the Family, ever since John Arundel, the 1st known Ancestor, who came in with the Conqueror, fix'd his Seat in that place, from whom descended the fa∣mous Sir John Arundel, who in the Reign of Henry VII. was Vice-Admiral of the King's Fleet; and amongst his other

• exploits, overcame, and took Duncan Cambell, whom the Scots call'd their Admiral, and the English a Pirate, but a Valiant Man; the Arms of this Family are the same with those of Arundel of Wardour. Dugdales Baron. of England.
• * Arundel Sir John, Sheriff of Cornwal in the Reign of Ed∣war•• IV. who being forewarn'd that he should be slain on the Sands, left his House at Ebbingford near the Sea, and re∣mov'd to Trerice, his more inland habitation; but it happen'd the same year he was Sheriff, that the Earl of Oxford sur∣pris'd Mount Michael for the House of Lancaster, and as he went about to reduce it by Command from the King, he lost his Life in a Skirmish on the Sands thereabouts: Sic fata viam Invenerunt.
• * Arundel, in Latin Aruntia, a Town of the County of Sussex in England; is neither big nor well-peopled, yet is much noted for its famous Earls. Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surry, Lord Marshal of England, who sent William Petty into Asia, to search for some curious Monuments of Antiquity, where he bought those which we call Arundel Marbles, of a Turk who had taken 'em from a Learn'd Man, sent by the famous Peyresch into Greece and Asia upon the same design: These precious Marbles were plac'd in the Earl's House and Gardens, upon the Banks of the Thames. Selden wrote a Book of what they contain'd in 1629. which has been a great help to P. Petau. Saumaise, Vossius, and several other Learned Men in their Works. These Ancient Mar∣bles discover several things, both concerning the History and Chronology of the Greeks. Amongst the 79 Epochas mark'd in 'em, there are three very particular, viz. the 9th which they reckon'd from the arrival of the 1st Ship out of Egypt into Greece, 1512 years before the birth of Christ; the 12th, which they counted from the time that Ceres came to Athens in Er••chteus Reign, and the 40th from the day that Come∣dies begun to be Acted at Athens, according to Susarion's In∣vention. Another of these Marbles shews what gave occa∣sion to the Fable of the Centaurs, viz. Hunting the Wild Bull, first invented by the Thessalians, and afterwards in the Roman Cirque by Jul. C••sar's Orders; they also furnish us with several other curious observations, as that the Custom of burning Bodies was laid aside in Macrobius's time; and that none but Emperors, Vestals, and Men of special Note, were suffer'd to have their Tombs within the Walls of Rome. The name, state and dignity of E. belongs to him that is possess'd of this Mannor and Castle, without any other Creation, as appears by the Parliament Rolls of the second of Henry VIth. the Corporation sends two Burgesses to Parliament. Selden, Gassendi, Lydiat, Prideaux.
• Aruntius, Grandchild of Tarquinius Priscus King of Rome, and Brother to Tarquin the Proud, Married Tullia, Servius Tullius's Daughter, a haughty, imperious Woman, who Poy∣son'd him because too mild, to Marry his Brother Tarquin, who was more agreeable to her Temper.
• Ar••ntius, Son of Tarquin the Proud, and Tullia the Cruel, was expell'd Rome with his Father. Afterwards Marching with him to recover his Kingdom, and seeing the Consul at the Head of his Army, Yonder is the Man, says he, that drove us out of our Country; Ye Gods, Avengers of Kings, assist me: At which words, setting Spurs to Horse, he rid directly to Brutus the Consul, who received him as Gallantly, running one another quite through the Bodies with their Spears, dropping both from their Horses, and expiring at the same instant. Liv.
• Aruntius Nepos (Lucius) Consul with M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus: He wrote the History of the Punick War in the time of Augustus, and died in the Reign of Tiberius.
• Aruspices, certain Soothsayers among the Romans, pre∣dicting things to come from the Entrails of Beasts: So call'd ab aris Inspiciendis, from inspecting the Altars. They first of all observ'd the Victim when brought to the Altar, then consider'd of the Entrails, the Liver, Heart and Lungs, and took notice how the flame environ'd and burn'd the Sacrifice, what smell it emitted, and how the Incense smoak'd. By all which, they endeavour'd to understand the Will of their Gods, the Good they were to hope, &c. The People of Hetruria were the 1st inventers of this superstitious Divina∣tion, which was often accompanied with Magick, and Ro∣mulus chose a certain number, whereof he compos'd a College of Aruspices. Dion. Halic. Peucer.
• * Aruverae, or Aruveques, a People of South America, in the Countrey of the Caribbes, near the River Essekebe, very strong, and at continual enmity with the Inhabitants of the Carib∣bees.
• Arzille, a Sea Town of the Kingdom of Fez, in the Pro∣vince of Hasbata, upon the Atlantick Ocean, small, but well-fortified with a good Harbour, anciently call'd Zilia. Al∣phonsus V. King of Portugal took it by Storm in 1471. built a Fort to it, and brought away all the Inhabitants to Portu∣gal, particularly Mahomet, about seven years of Age, after∣wards K. of Fez, who, in 1508. besieging Arzille with 100000 Men, retook it from the Portugals, all but one Tower; but Don Pedro of Navarr, coming with timely Suc∣cours, beat him out again. After this the Portuguese quitted it, with some other places, to save the expence of Garisons. In 1578. Muley Hamet resign'd it again to Sebastian K. of Por∣tugal; but the Cheriffs of Morocco retook it, and hold it to this day. It's 140 Miles N W. of Fez. Davity de L' A∣frique.
• * Arzina Reca, a River in Lapland, between Cola to the W. and the entrance of the White Sea to the E. the Country about which being desolate, Sir Hugh Willoughby, and all his Ships Company perished here by Hunger and Cold, in the year 1553. after he had first passed the N. Cape; the Ship was found the next year, and a Relation of his Voyage in Writing. Hackluit, Part I.
• * Asa, Ashsa, a small but very beautiful City in Arabia Felix, on the Shoars of the Persian Gulph, two Station North of Baharaim in the way to Balsara. Nub. p. 122.

• Asan, K. of the Bulgarians in the XIth Age, who with the assistance of the Turks, made Progress in Syria and Asia, in the unactive Reign of the Emperor Micha••l. There have been three Kings of Algier and Barbary of this name, after the death of Barberousse, and Asan, or Assan Cigal••, famous in the Turkish History in the Reigns of Mahomet III, and Ach∣met I.
• * Asan Calaffat, a famous Pirate of Argiers, was a Greek Renegado; he took a great many Prizes in the Seas of Can∣dia and Greece, but was at last met, as he was Sailing home with a very rich booty, and his whole Squadron defeated, and taken by some Christian Galleys. It's said he was a great Magician, that every day after Sun-set, he us'd to lay a Book of the Black Art upon his Table, which, he found open every morning, with directions in the first Page of what he was to do, and should happen to him that day; They add, That he knew by the motion of these, whether he was to Fight the Ships he met, or no. Mercure Francois.
• Asander, Governor of Bosphorus for K. Pharnaces, who, be∣ing overcome by Julius Caesar, fled to him for Sanctuary, but he disloyally and treacherously slew him, and carried his Head to the Conqueror, who, as a recompence, gave him Dyna∣mis, Daughter of the unfortunate King, to Wife. After the Death of Julius Caesar, Mark Anthony gave the Sovereignty of Bosphorus to Darius, Pharnaces's Brother; but he was repuls'd by Asander, who, after he had Reign'd a long time, in the 80 year of his Age he was expell'd by Scribonius, and died of Grief. Dion. Lib. 54.
• * St. Asaph, Bp. of the Diocese of that name in North-Wales, was born of Honourable Parentage in Flintshire, and liv'd in the 6th Age. Llan-Elvy in this County, afterwards call'd from him St. Asaph, is the place where he was bred under Kentigern the Scotch Bp. who had a Convent consisting of 663 Monks, some employed abroad in Husbandry, others about work at home, the rest attended Divine Service in the Convent; Asaph amongst those was eminently conspicuous for Piety and Learning, in so much, that Kentig••rn, being call'd back into his own Countrey, resign'd both his Convent and Cathedral to him, who liv'd so Religious a Life, that af∣ter his death, the name Llan Elvy was changed into St. Asaph.
• Asbamea, a Fountain of Cappadocia, thus described by Philostratus: There is, says he, in the Neighbourhood of Tyanaea, a Water which is cold at the Spring-Head, and afterw••rds boils like a Caldron over a hot Fire; immediate Death to V••llains and Perjured persons, but pleasing and wholesome to the Virtuous and Upright. Bochart.
• Asralon, a City of Judaea, in the Tribe of Dan, upon the Sea-shore; one of the strongest Forts of the Phil••stines. About the year 1153. it was taken by Baldwin K. of Jerusa∣lem, after a Siege of five or six Months, It's now so mean, that there are not above 60 Families of Moors in it, and a Garison of Turks, to prevent the Incursions of the Arabs, the Chri∣stians taking in fresh Water at the River Sor••e, which runs hard by it. This City was fam'd for a Temple dedicated to the Mother of Semiramis. It was also the birth-place of Herod the Great, call'd the Ascalonite, and a Bps See, re∣fortified by Richard I. King of England during the Holy War. Joseph. Lib. 6. c. 1.
• * Ascania, a very ancient Castle in Germany, which for∣merly gave Title to the Princes of Anhalt, and was the chief place of the County, half a League from Asbenseben, which rose from its ruines. Baudr.
• Ascanius, Son of Aeneas and Creusa, succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of the Latins, and defeated Mezentius King of the Tuscans, who refus'd to make a Peace with him. He founded Alba Longa, which he made the Capital City of his small Kingdom, and died Anno Mund. 2915. after a Reign of 38 years. Dionisius Halicarnassus. Lib. 1.
• Ascarit, a Prince of the Gauls, who, not liking the Romish Government, broke the Truce he had made with them, and joyning himself with Rhadegaisus, they were both defeated and taken by Constantine in the beginning of his Reign; who caused them to be devour'd by Dogs, says Eutro∣pius. Euseb.
• Ascension, an Island in the Bay of St. Lawrence, in North-America, 50 Leagues from Cape Briton to the N. W. and 15 from the Continent to the N E. the middle of the Island is in 49. It is a goodly Champion Land without any Hills, standing all upon White Rocks and Alablaster, the Sea Shoar abounds with Trees of all those sorts that are in France, 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• ... Bavaria in 1231, & in 1252 sent Presents to St. Lewis of France then in Syria. In 1257 Haloen the Cham of Tartary took their Towns, and put their Ancient of the Mountains to death. Guillaume de Tyr. Hist. orient.
• * Asserim, a Castle well fortified upon a Mountain in the Kingdom of Cambaya, in the Dominions of the Great Mogul, 15 Spanish Leagues East of the Indian Sea, and as many South of Surat, in the possession of the Portugu••se, and by them call'd La Roche d' Asserim.
• Assideens, a sort of Jews so call'd from Chasidim or Tsadikim its Synonimon, which signifies Just; but after some time the Chasidim distinguish'd themselves from the Tsadikim, these holding precisely to the Holy Scripture, the other affecting a more eminent degree of Sanctity then was commanded by the Law. The People had great veneration for these last, who instituted Works of Supererogation, not as indifferent, but necessary to Salvation. It was from them that the Pharisees sprung, and from these the Essenes, who all preach'd, that their Traditions were more perfect then Scripture; and by little and little fell into the Errors of the Saducees, who taught, that we were not to hope for any Recompence for our good Works in the other World, nor to fear any punishment for our Crimes, and denied the Resurrection of the dead. 2 Machab. 14.
• * Association, or Portuga, an Island in America subject to the English, 14 miles West of Margarita, 4 miles long, and one broad, yielding 3 or 4 Ships load of Salt every year, abounds with Goats and Guiacum, is naturally fenced with Rocks, and hath a convenient Harbour. Heylin.
• Assumption, This City is seated 25. 00. Lat. 300 Leagues above Cape Mary, on the East Bank of the River Paraguay; it is commended for the convenience of its Scite, and the number of its Inhabitants, above any City in La Plata, of which it is the Capital. About 1630 it had 400 Spanish Fa∣milies, and some 1000 Mulattoes. The Country is very plea∣sant and fruitful, and the Air so temperate, that the Trees are ever green. It was built by Cavaza de Vacca about the year 1542. Laet. p. 529.
• Assur, or rather Ashur, the Son of Sem. He liv'd some time in Shinaar with his Kisman Nimrod, but leaving him he built Nineve and Calah.
• * Assynt, a small Country in the North of Scotland, part of the County of Rosse on the West side, lying on the Deuca∣ledon Sea to Strathnaver. The ancient Inhabitants were the Cr••ones or C••rones. It has a Lake called Loch-Assin, and on the East Mountains of Marble and Alabaster.
• Assyria, now call'd Arz••rum, a large Province of Asia, under the Grand Signior, bounded with Media, Susiana, Me∣sopotam••a, and Armenia. The chief Cities whereof are Mo∣s••l, which is the ancient Ninive, Ct••siphon the Royal Seat of the Parthians, Arbelle now a Village famous for Darius's defeat by Alexander, Schiarazur towards Persia, &c. The first Monarchy of the World began in Nimrod, who without dispute was the Assyrian Belus, and the Country was call'd Assyria from Assur or N••nus his Son, for the Dynasties of the Egyptians, & Antiquities of the Celtes, Spaniards, Cimbrians, Scythians, Arabians, &c. are but Fables. Nimrod, whom prophane Authors call Belus, was its first King A. M. 1879, 2175 years before Christ, he began his Reign at Babylon, which he built upon the Euphrates, and liv'd there 65 years. Ninus his Son succeeded, and removed the Royal Seat to Ninive, which he built upon the Tigris, Semiramis Reigned after her Husband Ninus, and Ninyas or Zames succeeded her, betwixt whom to Sardanapalus there are none famous in Hi∣story. Arbaces revolted from this last King, and oblig'd him to burn himself at Ninive in An. M. 3178, 876 before Christ, and 100 years before the first Olympiad. The Kings of Assyria are reckoned 37 from Nimrod the first, to Sardanapa∣lus the last, and the duration of the Monarchy is reckoned 1300 years. The name of K. is also given in the Scrip. to seve∣ral Governors of Nineve, as Ziglath Pilnezer, &c. Just. Clem. Alex. St. Aug. lib. 12. de Civ. Dei.
• Ast, Lat. Asta, an Episcopal County and City of Italy, in the Dukedom of Savoy, under the Archbishop of Milan. The City is situated upon Tanare, large, and well fortified, with a strong new Castle and Citadel. The County for∣merly depended upon the State of Milan, but in 1531 Charles V. gave it to Charles III. Duke of Savoy. It is 15 miles off of Casal, and 16 West of Alexandria.
• Astabar, a City of Turcomania, upon the Frontiers of Per∣sia, a League from the River Arras, not large, but very neat, containing four Caravansera's or Inns, with a Fountain to every House. 'Tis also remarkable for its excellent Wine, and the Root Ronas in great abundance, which serves to Dye Cloth Red, and generally used all over Persia for that end; more especially in the Mogul's Country. This is the only place this Root grows in, it's small, and somewhat like Liquorish; whole Caravans come to Ormus to buy and send it to the Indies. It gives such a strong and quick tincture, that an Indian Bark laden with some being spilt upon the Rocks, the Seas all along the Coast appear'd red for a long time. Tavernier Hist. de Persia.
• As••aroth, an Idol of the Philistines which Samuel com∣manded the Jews to pull down. It was also the name of the false Deity of the Sidonians, ador'd by Solomon when he turn'd Idolater. The word signifies a Flock of Sheep and Riches. And some say, that as Jupiter Ammon was ador'd under the shape of a Ram, so Juno Ammon, or the Moon, was worship'd under the form of a Sheep. But others be∣lieve that Astaroth was King of Syria, thus call'd for his great Wealth. Tho. Goodwin de ritibus Hebraeorum.
• Aster, a Citizen of Olynthus, who shot out one of Philip of Macedon's Eyes as he besieged Methon, having writ upon the Ar∣row, ASTER sends this Arrow to PHILIP. Plutarch in Philip.
• Asterius, King of Crete, Son of Apteras. He succeeded his Brother Lapithas, and continued the Syrian War which his Brother had begun, bringing away by force Europa Age∣nor's Daughter: And his Sirname being Taurus, the Poets feign'd that Jupiter in the shape of a Bull run away with her. Herodotus, l. 4.
• Asterius, an Eloquent Defender of the Arrians in the Reigns of Constantine and Constans, call'd by St. Athanasius the Arrians Advocate. Yet they durst not prefer him, for fear of exposing themselves and Cause, he having openly sa∣crific'd to Idols in the Reign of Maximianus Hercules. Her∣man vie St. Athanase.
• * Astomi, a People of India about the Fountains of Ganges, Hairy all over like the Down that grows on Leaves of Trees. Plin. Baud.
• Astorgue, or Astorga, Lat. Asturica Augusta, an Episcopal City of Spain in the Kingdom of Leon, formerly under the Archbishop of Bragua, now under the Archbishop of Com∣postella, situated in a Plain, upon the River Torto, well forti∣fied, but thinly inhabited, having nothing considerable in it, but a few Towers, a Market-Place, and a Cathedral at the end of the Town.
• Astracan, now a Province subject to the great Duke of Muscovia, though formerly a Kingdom under a King of Tar∣tary: Upon the Frontiers of the Tartarian Desert, toward the mouth of the River Volga. It was taken from the Tartars by John Basilovitz, Grand Duke of Muscovy, in 1554. 'Tis as hot there in September and October, as 'tis in France in the middle of Summer; yet in the deep of Winter (which is not above two months) the Weather is so severe, that the Ice on the River bears laden Waggons. The Inhabitants drive a great Trade in Salt, which is of a Violet Flavour, and sold very cheap. This Salt they gather in the Isle Dulgoi, and in the Deserts, where there are abundance of Veins of Salt, it swims upon the Water an inch thick like Rock Cry∣stal, and in such great quantity, that one may have as much as he pleases paying but a Half-penny Custom for a Poude, or 40 pound weight; and some say that there are Mountains 2 Leagues from Astracan, where 30000 Men may work in∣cessantly without finding the bottom of some Salt Mines that are there. From Astracan to the Caspian Sea the River is so stock'd with Fish, that the greatest Carps are sold for the 6th part of a Peny. There are also great numbers of Tortoises, because the Tartars nor Moscovites never eat of 'em. In former Ages all Nagaya was inhabited by Tartars, who had their King, and liv'd in good intelligence with those of Crim and Cazan. But the great Duke John Basilovitz having reduc'd the Tartars of Cazan under his Obedience in 1552, attack'd those of Nagaye, two years after made himself Master of Astracan, whence he drove the ancient Inhabi∣tants, and Peopled it with Moscovites, who also inhabit all the Wall'd Towns of the Country, keeping the Tartars in their Tents and Huts in the open Field lest they might rebel. In 1558 the Castle of Astracan was neither strong nor fair. but wall'd with Timber, the Czar had ordered that Wall to be pull'd down and rebuilt with Freestone, and they were then doing it. The Town was also Wall'd with Earth and Timber, but the Buildings within it left base and simple. The Air stunk by reason of the great quantity of Sturgeon taken here, on which the Inhabitants for the most part live. and there was then a Famine and a Plague in the Town, oc∣casion'd by a vast number of Naked Tartars who died about the Town of Hunger, and were left unburied. This was then the furthest Fortress the Russians had towards the South East. In the year 1596 Selim sent an Army of 25000 Horse and 30000 Janizaries against this City, to which 80000 Crim-Tartars joined themselves, the far greatest part whereof pe∣rished without doing the Russians any considerable damage. In the year 1574 this Kingdom was invaded by an Army of 70000 Turks and Tartars, but Winter and the news of a great Army from Mosco forced them to retreat without any success, after they had besieged Astracan 6 weeks. But the Crim-Tartars made themselves Masters of it in the year 1661; and it was recovered by the Russians in 1662. In 1669 it was environed with a strong thick Stone Wall, (not usual in Russia) and mounted with 500 Brass Cannon, and had a strong Garison, and Ammunition proportionable. It affords a noble prospect without, having many Towers and lofty Piles of Buildings. It is much frequented by the Tartar Na∣tions, Persians, Armenians, and Indians, who bring their Goods over the Caspian Sea in small Vessels, the chief Trade here be∣ing Silks. In 1669, June 23, the strong City of Astracan was betray'd by its own Garison into the hands of Stenco (Stephen) Radzin, a Rebellious Cossac, who with intolerable Cruelty Massacred all the great Men, and Officers that fell

• into his hands, and many of the Citizens that betrayed the City. It was retaken by the Czar in 1671. The Islands be∣low it swarm with Wild Fowl, which they catch with Hawks. It abounds with large Melons, and excellent Grapes. The City of this name is very beautiful to see to, having abundance of Towers and Steeples, but the Houses within are only of Wood, and ill built, being upon the borders of Europe and Asia; it's much frequented by Tartars, Muscovites, Persians, Armenians, and Indians, which makes it a Town of good Trade. Olcarius Voyage de Moscovie, &c.
• Astiaea, Daughter of Jupiter and Themis, and Goddess of Justice. She came from Heaven in the Golden Age to live on the Earth; but the Wickedness of the Iron Age was such, that she fled to Heaven again, and was plac'd in the Zodiack. Hesiode in Theog.
• Asturies, or Asturia, by the Spaniards, Las Asturias, a Pro∣vince of Spain, between Galicia and Biscay, divided into two parts, Asturia de Ovieda, towards Galicia, and Asturia de San∣tellano toward Biscay: The whole Province is barren, moun∣tainous, and but thinly inhabited. It formerly gave Title to the Eldest Son of the King of Castile. In the beginning of the 8th Age the Christians here were forc'd to the Moun∣tains by the Saracens, where choosing Don P••lagio, of the Royal Race of the Goths, for their King, in 717 they again beat out the Infidels, and founded their Kingdom anew. The People of this Country still retain the same name they had in the Romans time; They took this name from the River Astura now called Istura, Ystura, and Astura, which washeth Leon, and falleth into the Douro. They were then divided by the Mountain Vendius into two parts; That part which lay on the North of these Mountains was cold, bar∣ren, and very rugged, but yet was famous for fine Saddle-Horses. The Inhabitants were observed also to be a rude barbarous sort of People, so that Augustus forced them from the Mountains into the Plains, that they might be the more easily Civilized, after he had in Person conquered them in the year of Rome 727. A. M. 3924.
• Astyages, Son of Cyaxares, and Grandchild of Phraortes, the 9th and last King of the Med••s. He began his Reign in the 46th Olympiad, about the year of Rome 160. He dream'd, when his Daughter Mandana, whom he had Married to Cam∣byses King of Persia, was with Child, that a Vine sprung out of his Bosom, that spread it self over all Asia; which so troubled him, that he resolv'd, by the perswasion of the Mag••, to kill the Infant as soon as born. Accordingly when Mandana was deliver'd of Cyrus, he sent Harpagus, who, in∣stead of destroying, found a way to preserve the Child; which Astyages a long time after hearing of, he was so in∣cens'd, that he caus'd Harpagus to eat his own Son, who, in revenge, call'd in Cyrus, who dethron'd his Grandfather, in the year of Rome 196, and 56th Olympiad, and thereby put an end to the Monarchy of the Medes, after it had continued 317 years. Herodotus Cleo. Justin.
• Asyle, a Name given to Priviledged Places, whence Of∣fenders could not be forc'd without offending the Gods and Religion. Cadmus built one at Thebes, Romulus one at Rome in the Sacred Grove between the Capitol and Palace, the Messenians, Lacedemonians, and other Nations appropriated this Priviledge to their Temples. Tiberius observing that the greatest Crimes pass'd thus unpunish'd, abolish'd them. Pope Boniface V. to put a greater value upon the Christian Reli∣gion, order'd that the Churches and Altars should be places of shelter to any that could make their escape to 'em. The Asyles or Priviledged Places which God permitted among the Jews were very different from these other, because they were but for such as kill'd a Man by chance, or some unexpected accident. Suetonius, Plutarch in Romul.
• Acahalipa, a King of Peru, of the Family of the Inca's, about the beginning of the 16th Age, and one of the most magnificent Monarchs of America. He put to death one of his Brothers, and made Cusco the Capital City of his King∣dom. He liv'd in Peace (having subdu'd most of the Neigh∣bouring People) till Francis Pisaro, in 1525, made a Disco∣very of his Country, and settled in some of the best Cities thereof, occasion'd all his misfortunes; at first he offer'd him his Service, thinking thereby to entangle him, (that Bait failing) he defeated and took him, using him very cruelly, pillaging his Treasuries, and at last, contrary to his pro∣mises, strangled him Anno 1533, which God revenged in a little time. Garcilas. de la vega Hist. de Peru.

• Atala••ra, the Daughter of Schoeneus, King of Scyros, ex∣treamly swift of foot. She told her Suiter, that he that could out-run her, should have her; which Challenge Hippomanes, admiring her Beauty, accepted, throwing behind him, as he ran, 3 Golden Apples at 3 several times, which she stopping so often to take up, he out-run her, and so won her according to her own Proposals. But they were afterwards both turn'd into Lyons, because, in contempt of Religion, they lay to∣gether in the Temple of Cybele. Ovid.
• Ataulph, Brother-in-Law to Alaric, King of the Goths, was with him at the sacking of Rome, and succeeded him the next year, in 410. The same year he plunder'd Rome a second time, and carried away Placida, the Emperor Theo∣dosius's Daughter, and Married her at Narbone, in 414. Going into Spain, he was kill'd by one of his own Men call'd Ver∣nulphus, at Barcelona, in 415, after he had Reign'd 5 years Genebrad. Chron.
• Ate, a mischievous and ill natur'd Goddess, who took de∣light in engaging Men in Troubles and Quarrels, perverting their Understanding, and dulling their Reason. There was no way to be secur'd from her, but by having recourse to the Lites, Daughters of Jupiter, who sav'd Men from her anger with this circumstance, that the more she was in passion the less power they had with her, &c. This Ate is nothing else but the Evil and Injustice we commit, which is the real Source of our Troubles and Misfortunes. The Lites are our Prayers, which we are to make use of in our Calamities. Lastly, it is evident, that when our Crimes are very great, that then we meet with the greater difficulties in obtaining our Pardon. Erasmus in Adag.
• Atepomarus, a King of the Gauls, who having almost re∣duc'd the Romans, sent 'em Word, That unless they would resign him their Wives and Daughters, he would further pursue his Conquests. Which being understood by the Ro∣mans, the Serving Men advised their Masters to send them in their Mistresses Habits: Which advice being follow'd, and the Gauls overcome with Wine and fallen asleep, one of the Servants, as was agreed, gave notice to the Romans by a lighted Torch from the top of a Tower, whereupon all at once rushing upon the Enemy, they obtain'd a great Victo∣ry: In Memory whereof the Romans kept an Annual Feast, call'd The Servants Feast. Plut. in Parallel.
• Atergaris, Goddess of the Ascalonites, half Woman half Fish, the supposed Mother of S••miramis, who, having been deflower'd, fell into so deep a Melancholy, that she threw her self into a Lake, and being never found, it was believ'd she was turn'd into a Fish. Kircher Oedipus Aegyptiacu••, Tom. 1.
• * Aternum, or P••scara, a well fortified Town in the Kingdom of Naples, in the hither Abruzzo, 15 miles East from Lanciano, and 12 from La Citta di Penna.
• Ath, or Aeth, a City of the Low-Countreys in Hainault, not very large, but beautiful, rich and well fortified. Taken by the French in 1667, and confirm'd to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle, but restor'd to the Spaniard in 1678, si∣tuate upon the River Dender, upon the borders of Flanders, two Leagues from Lessine, between Mons and Oudenard.
• Athalaric, King of the Ostrogoths in Italy, Son of Eutharic, and Amalasuntha, succeeded Theodoric, under the Tutelage of his Mother, in 526, and shar'd with his Cousin Amaiaric, King of the Visigoths, what his Grandfather left him in Gaul, reserving Provence to himself, over which he made Felix Li∣berius Governor, who was present at the Second Council of Orange in 529. At the Request of Pope Felix III. he pub∣lish'd an Edict for preserving Ecclesiastical Priviledges. At last the Goths, disdaining he should be under the Tutelage of a Woman, took him from his careful Mother, pretending to breed him in Military Discipline; but instead thereof, he was led into all manner of Debaucheries, which so wasted his Body, that he died of a Consumption An. 534, after a Reign of 8 years. Greg. de Tours.
• Athaliah, Daughter of Ahab, and Mother of Ahaziah, put to death by Jehu. See more of her 2 Kings 11.
• Athamas, Son of Aeolus King of Thebes. He Married Ne∣phele, by whom he had Phryxus and Helle: But Nephele run∣ning mad by the impulse of Bacchus, and wandring among the Woods, he Married Ino, who proving a hard Step-Mo∣ther to his Children, they betook themselves to flight: Which ill Treatment conniv'd at by Athamas, Juno reveng'd, pos∣sessing him with such a raging Frenzy, that when Ino came to him, he thought she had been a Lyoness, and the Chil∣dren her Whelps, wherefore snatching her Son Learchus from her Arms, he dash'd his Brains out against a Rock, which Ino seeing, fled with her Daughter Melicerte, and threw her self headlong into the Sea. Ovid. l. 4. Metam.
• Athamas, a River of Aetolia, of that wonderful quality, that it would light a Torch dipt in it when the Moon was in the Wain. Ovid.
• Athanagildus, King of the Visigoths, murder'd Agila, a∣gainst whom he rebel'd, and plac'd himself in his Throne, in 554. He had two Daughters, Geleswintha and Brun••hildis; The first Married to Chilperic King of Soissons, and the other to Sigebert King of Austrasia. Isidore in Chron. Gregoire de Tours.
• Athanaric, a Judge of the Goths, towards the end of the 6th Age, the most potent of all the Goths, yet refusing the Title of King. He began his Government about the year 369, and warring with the Emperor Valens, constrain'd him to sue for Peace. He was a violent Persecutor of the Chri∣stians; at last being expell'd by his own Subjects, he went in Person to Constantinople to beg Aid of the Emperor Th••odo∣sius, who received him kindly, but he died within a month after his arrival, and was magnificently buried at the Empe∣ror's Charge. Baronius, An. C. 381. Marcellin. Orasius.
• St. Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, bred up by Alexander, Patriarch of the same City, a bitter Enemy to the Arrians in the Council of Nice; who joining with the Mele∣tians and Eus••bians, and having slily wrought upon the Em∣peror

• ... Constantine, got him deposed, and banish'd as far as Triers: Whereupon, for fear of the worst, he fled to Constantine the Youn∣ger King of France, by whom he was restor'd 2 years after, and form'd his Confession of Faith at Alexandria. Not long after, he was a second time accus'd by the Arrians, in a Synod held by them at Antioch, and again expell'd in 341, and that very year he took his second Journey to Rome to Pope Julius, where he continued until his expulsion being revers'd in the Council of Sardicum in 347, and in that of Jerusalem in 349, he returned to Alexandria, but being still expos'd to new at∣tacks under Constance, Julian, & Val ns, he was at last forc'd to fly to the Deserts, where he lived in Grotto's and Caves the 6 remaining years of his Life. The Orthodox Prelates that ap∣pear'd for him were Companions of his Exile, and Pope Li∣b••rius was roughly handled because he refus'd for some time to subscribe his Condemnation, which he was ready enough to do afterwards. Amongst the Doctors of the Church he had this advantage whilst he liv'd, that his Condemnation and that of the Orthodox Faith pass'd for the same thing. He died the 2d of May 371, after he had labour'd vigorously in the defence of the Church 46 years. We have several Editions of his Works, whereof that of Paris in 1627, with P. Nan∣nius's Corrections, is the most valued. Vossius, Le Mire, St. Je∣rome, Gregory, Nazianze, Maimbourg, Histoire d' Arianism.
• A••hanares, or the Immortal, a name the Persians gave a Body of 10000 choice Men, which was always kept com∣pleat by filling up the number assoon as any were kill'd or died: They had great confidence in this Body of Men, and never engag'd 'em but in desperate Cases. Quint. Curt. speaks of 'em thus, Proximi ibant quos Persae immortales vocant ad de∣cem millia. Herodotus lib. 7. Hesychius Suidas.
• * Athboy, a well inhabited Market and Borough Town of Leinster in Ireland, it lies in the County of East Meath, eight Mile South-west of Cavan.
• * A••hdora, once a fortified Town of Munster in Ireland, about nine Miles South of Limerick.
• A••hea••, King of Scythia, succeeded his Father Scyles; was a warlike, haughty, and politick Prince, successful in his War with the Triballians and Illyrians, and promis'd to de∣clare Philip of Macedon his Successor, upon condition that he would send him such and such supplies; which Philip agreed to, but the supplies coming too late, Atheas sent them back without pay for the Expedition; which being demanded of him, he answer'd, Courage was all the Wealth of the Scythians. Afterwards Philip, by his Ambassador, desiring leave to en∣ter Scythia, and set up the Statue of Hercules at the mouth of the Danaw; he replied, That he might come alone, but not with an Army; upon which an open War ensu'd, and the Scythians tired out the Macedonians by their continual Incursions, and avoiding set Battels. Justin, Lib. 9. c. 2. Oros. l. 3. c. 3.
• At••eraeum, a name by which the Ancients call'd their pub∣lick Academies, where all sort of Sciences were taught. They had also Festivals call'd Athenaea, which they celebrated once in five years in honour of Minerva. The Athenaeum that were at Lions, where now the Abby D' Ainai stands, was famous for the Plays instituted by the Emperor Caligula, where near the Altar of Augustus there were prizes propos'd for Greek and Latin Eloquence; they that put in for any, and did not car∣ry it, were forc'd to blot and deface their composition with their Tongue; or if they would not do this were whip'd, or duck'd in the Saone that runs by the Town. Juvenal alludes to this, when expressing a certain Person's fear, he compares him to one that was to walk bare-foot upon Serpents; or to an Orator that was to declaim before the Altar at Lions.

  Aut Lugdunensem Rhetor dicturus ad Aram.

• Athenagoras of Athens, a Christian Philosopher, who see∣ing the cruelty of the Persecution of the Christians, wrote an Apology in defence of their Innocence, and presented it to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. He also wrote a Treatise of the R••surrection of the Dead, both which have been often Printed in several places. Tritheme, Bellarmin.
• Atheneus of Naucratis, wrote a Treatise of the Dipno∣sophists, in 15 Books, Epitomiz'd by Hermolaus of Byzantium, and Learnedly Commented on by Isaac Causabon. He also wrote a History of the Kings of Assyria, in the Reign of Marcus Aurelius in the second Age. Causabon Vossius de Hist. Graec.
• Athenodorus of Tarsus, he flourish'd in the Reign of Au∣gustus, and was Tutor to Tiberius, obtaining, as his reward, the exemption of Tarsus from Tribute. To restrain the na∣tural Impetuosity of his Pupil, he order'd him to repeat the 24 Letters of the Greek Alphabet, before he obey'd the Di∣ctates of his Passion. Euseb. Vignier Vossius.
• Athens, now Setines, the Capital City of Attica, anciently a Kingdom, the chief seat of Learning and Valour, taking its rise An. M. 2496. and continuing 487 years, under 17 Kings, the 1st whereof was Cecrops, and the last Codrus Son of Melanthus. After that they were Governed by 10 Archontes, or Rulers, during Life; then by Archontes for 10 years; and at last by Annual Praetors. Draco first gave 'em Laws which were too severe, then Solon instituted milder, intro∣ducing Democratical Government, in 160 of Rome, and 594 before Christ. Thirty four after Pisastratus usurp'd the Soveraignty; and though twice Banish'd, left the Power, af∣ter 18 years Reign to his two Sons Hippias and Hipparque, who held it 14 years, until Harmodius and Aristogiton, of the Family of Alcmeon, sworn Enemies to Pisistratus, kill'd Hip∣parque in the 241 of Rome; Hippias was Banish'd in 244. He invited the Persians, who in 264 lost the Battel of Marathon, and 10 years after were defeated at Sea, near the Isle Salamine, now call'd Caluri. After this advantage the Republick of Athens flourish'd extreamly, and became as fruitful in great Commanders and Learned Men as any of the whole Universe. The Lacedemonians Jealous of its greatness, rais'd it Enemies, all Greece engag'd in the Quarrel. This was the first Pelopo∣nesian War, begun by the Thebans by the taking of Platea that belong'd to the Athenians, and ended 27 years after in the taking of Athens by Lysander General of the Lacedemonians in the 350th of Rome, who settled 30 Tyrants to govern it, which were expell'd by Thrasibule in 353, and Democracy re∣establish'd by Pausanias. Thus it grew powerful again, and not only maintain'd a War against the Thebans and Spartans, but also against Rhodes and it's strong Ligue. In 416 Philip of Macedon after he had gain'd the Battle of Cheronee intended to have levell'd Athens, but was disswaded by the Orator Da∣mades. It suffered under Alexander the Great, and after his death more under Antipater, Craterus, and Cassander. D••me∣trius made it free again, but being refus'd shelter there after his defeat in Phrygia, he invested and made himself Master of the Town after a years Siege in 158 of Rome. Some time after it shook off the Macedonian Yoke, and put it self under the Protection of Rome: Until Aristion making himself Tyrant thereof, irritated the Romans, who took and plunder'd it un∣der Sylla in the 667th of Rome, and 87th before Christ. After this Pompey permitted it the use of it's Laws, for which Kindness it declar'd for him against Caesar, who after the Battel of Pharsale, when he had power to punish his Ene∣mies, said, Truly the Athenians deserve to b•• chastis'd, yet in consideration of the merit of the dead, I pardon the living. In fine, Athens was one of the most famous and flourishing Cities in the World, all was magnificent in it, and worth the ad∣miration of Posterity. The Areopage, the Lyceum, the Aca∣d••my, Portique, Temples, and other fine Buildings are well de∣scrib'd in the Works of ancient Athors. St. Paul Preach'd here, and several Persons of Note embraced Christianism, as D••nis the Areopagite, and a Noble Lady call'd Damaris. And after that the Church of Athens became very considera∣ble, for in the II Century a great number of the Athenians suffer'd Martyrdom, animated by the Example of their Bi∣shop Publius. This happen'd in 123, under Adrian, who came to Athens in 126. This City was afterwards erected into an Archbishoprick. Their Victories, Captains, and Famous Philosophers, see in their proper places.
• Athens, now call'd Setines in Achaia, is defended by a Ci∣tadel call'd Acropolis, inaccessible on every side, save the West, seated in the middle between two Hills; the one call'd Musaeum within Cannon Shot; the other Anchesmus, which has no place to mount great Guns on, being spired like a Sugar Loaf, and having no more compass on the top, save that in which St. George's Chappel is built, the place where formerly the Statue of Jupiter was worshipp'd. The City is North of the Citadel, and so cover'd by it, that it can hardly be seen on that side next the Sea; well situated, and wealthy, though in a hot Climate, which is temper'd by the North Winds. The Inhabitants are about 10000, Greeks and Turks, the latter have 4 Mosques in the City, and one in the Castle. The Citizens are reckon'd Treacherous and Cunning, whence the Proverb, From a Jew of Salonica, a Greek of Athens, and a Turk of Negropont, good Lord deliver us. They speak Greek and Turkish promiscuously, and differ only in Habit, which the Greeks wear closer on their Bodies. Their Women, who seldom stir abroad, cover their Heads with a Veil of Calico, and throw over 'em a large Crimson Velvet or Violet colour'd Mantle with their Silver Clasps. The Maids never go abroad till their Wedding day, being courted by Proxies. Upon their Nuptials they wear a large Crown of Filigram and Pearls, and are led from Church to the Bridegrooms House, with Hauthoys, Drums, and other Musical Instruments playing before 'em. The Archbishoprick of Athens is not worth above 4000 Crowns a year, wherefore most of the Jesuits are retired to Negropont: But the Consuls of France and England keep each of 'em a Chappel here. The Soil about it is fruitful in Wine and Olives, especially those call'd Colymbades, reserv'd for the Grand Signior's own eating, being large and well tasted. The Castle stands on the North, on a descent from the City, in which is a magnificent, large white Marble Temple, supported with beautiful Pillars of Black Marble and Porphyry. On the Frontispiece are the Figures of Horsemen as big as the Life, prepar'd for Combat. Round about it are to be seen the Noble Atchievements of the an∣cient Greeks in Basso Relievo, every Figure almost two foot and an half high. Close by this Temple is a Beautiful White Marble Palace much decay'd. At the foot of the Castle are 17 Columns, (18 foot about, and proportionable in height) the remainder of 300, which they say, formerly

• belong'd to the Palace of Theseus. Over the Portal, yet en∣tire, is this Inscription in Greek:

  This Ancient City of Athens is certainly the City of Theseus.

• And another within, thus:

  The City of Athens is the City of Adrian, and not of Theseus.

  Here is also the Fanari or Lantern of Demosth••n••s, whither he retired to Study in privacy. It is a small Marble Tower, with 6 Columns round it, and a Lamp with 3 Branches over the Duome which covers it, whence perhaps it was called The Lantern: supposed to have been Dedicated to Hercules by the several Figures set in the Frizes thereof combating in Lyons Skins. Here are also the Ruines of the Areopagus, whose Glacis or Senate House, 40 paces long, is supported by vast Pieces cut out of the Rock, and pointed like a Dia∣mond: In the midst whereof is a kind of Speakers Chair cut out of the Rock, with Seats round it for the Senators. Add to these the Remains of the Temple of Victory, built after the Jonic Order, where the Tarks lay their Powder; The Arsenal of Lycurgus, and the Temple of Minerva, both of Dorick Order. It was taken by Mahomet II. in 1455, but regain'd by the Venetians in 1687. Tavernier Voyage de Perse, Spon. Voyage d' Italie, Coronelli descrip. de Morce.
• Athenum, or Athene, a Town of the Kingdom of Naples, in the hither Principato, near the River Tanagro, at the foot of the App••nnine, not very large, though a Princedom, 9 miles West of New Marsico, and 16 of Potentia.
• * Atherslon, a Market Town in Warwickshire, 48 miles from London, the Market kept on Tuesdays.
• Atheus, a River of Italy, rising out of Mount Brenn, the biggest of all the Alpes, in the County of Tyrol, and aug∣mented by Eisoc and some other Rivers, falls into the Adria∣tick Sea, 15 miles from Venice.
• * Athireo, the 29th King of Scotland, making great shew of Valour, Ingenuity, and Bounty in his Youth, succeeded after his Fathers death, but his Vices increasing with his Age, he did so offend his People by his Avarice, Peevish∣ness, Luxury, and Sloth, that they conspired against him with Nathalocus, a Nobleman whose Daughter he had de∣floured, ignominiously beaten with Rods, and prostituted to his Ruffianly Courtiers, that finding himself deserted of all, he became his own Executioner in the 12th year of his Reign, about the year 240. Buchan.
• * Athlone, a Barony and City of the Province of Connaught in Ireland. The Town is seated on both sides of the River Shannon, about 15 miles South East of Roscommon Town in the County of Wicklow, is a Bishops See, and call'd the Key of Connaught, that part on the East-side of the River is call'd English, and the other part on the West, Irish Athlone, which of the two was best fortified when Their Majesties Forces sat down before it in the month of June 1691, under the Command of Lieutenant-General Ginkle, but its principal strength con∣sisted in its Castles, notwithstanding which it was taken after a few days Siege by Storm, June 20, the Granadiers march∣ing up to the Breast in Water under the shelter of our Can∣non, forced the Enemy from their Posts, and in less then an hour made themselves Masters of the Town, where 1000 of the Irish and French were kill'd, and 500 taken Prisoners. An Action as great as any this Age has afforded, to which none can be compar'd but the famous Battle of the Boyne. To the good success whereof the Prince of H••sse-Darmstadt, the Duke of Wirtemberg, Count Nassau, Major General Tetau, Mackay, Talmash, and Brigadier Bellasis, did very much con∣tribute by their Conduct and Bravery. His Majesty upon his return from Flanders confer'd upon Lieutenant General Ginckle the Title of Earl of Athlone, for his good Conduct in the Re∣duction of that place and the rest of the Country.
• * Athol Atholia, a fruitful Country in the very heart of Scotland, in the Woody Passages of Mount Grampius, part whereof extending into a Plain at the foot of the Mountain is call'd the Blare of Athol, which signifies a place without Trees. This County gives the Title of Marquiss to the Chief of the Murrays.
• Athos, a great Mountain of Macedon, in that part now call'd Jamboli, running out into the Aegean Sea like a Penin∣sula, between the Bay of Monte Santo, and the Golfo di Contessa, overshadowing the Isle of Lesbos 87 miles to the East. Xerxes in his Invasion of Greece caused it to be dug a mile and half through, to make way for his Ships. 'Tis join'd to an Isthmus 12 furlongs broad, in which are 24 Monasteries of Greek Monks, and is the only part of Greece where the Chri∣stians worship Images, they having the Image of the All-Holy-Virgin, call'd Panagia, placed upon a high point of the Rock, most commonly cover'd with Snow, yet resorted to by the Devouter sort. Herodotus, l. 7. Belon.
• * Athy, a Borough of Leinster in Ireland, seated upon the River Barrow in the County of Kildare, near the borders of the Queens-County.
• Atlas, King of Mauritania, and Brother of Prometheus, an Excellent Astronomer, suppos'd to be Contemporary with Moses, and to have invented the use of the Sphere; feign'd by the Poets to be turn'd into a Mountain, from his taking his Observations of the Stars upon the Mountains of Mauri∣tania. Scaliger, Vossius, Petau.
• Atlas, a Mountain in Africk, divided into the Greater and and Lesser: The Greater, by the Natives call'd Ayduacal, parts Barbary from Biledulgerid, the Lesser call'd Errif, extends it self all along the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Streights of Gibraltar, to the Kingdom of Tunis. The Greater in seve∣ral places is full of Desarts, and extream cold; but where the Air is more Temperate, the Towns are well Peopled. They have no Spring nor Autumn, the Winter lasting from Octo∣ber 'till April, all the rest being Summer. The Nubian Geo∣grapher, p. 75. Tells us, this Mountain near its rise is called, Mount Dara, which exceeds most of the Mountains of the World in height, fertility, length, and the plenty of its Castles and other buildings: It begins from the W. Ocean in the Borders of the King∣dom of Sus to the S. and runs E. as far as Tripoli, where it ends, the most Eastern part of it being called Nafsua. There is upon this Mountain above 70 Castles and Strong holds: The most unaccessable of which is Tanimal. The Truth is, this Mount begins at Cape de Non or Nao, in 28. 40. Lat. between the Desarts of Zanhaga to the South, and Tesset to the North, and running East to almost 15 Degrees of Long. it turns N. E. as far as the Borders of the Kingdom of Fez, separating Tesset, Sus, and Marocco, on the W. from Biledulgerid, to the E. at 29 Degrees of L. it turns N. E. and divides Barbary to the N. from Biledulgerid to the S. and thô about Tripoli it takes the Name of Servai, yet it continues its course by various turn∣ings to the Red Sea, parting the Kingdom of Nubia from Egypt where the Nile crosseth it. It is called Giandel, and it ends at Bugie on the Red Sea. This Mountain is inhabited still by the old Natural Africans, who speak their ancient Tongue, and thô they are Tributaries to the Arabians, are still under their own Princes, and some are perfectly free, and they con∣tinue in the Pagan Idolatry of their Ancestors; this is also true of the other Mountainous Countries, Leo p. 26. They worship the Sun and Fire which have had stately Temples, wherein they maintained Fires that were never suffered to go out. Marmol de L' Afrique, Lib. 1.
• Atquanachuques, a People of North America, in the South-East part of Virginia, toward New Belgium, now inhabited by the English.
• * Attax, or Voidanaz, a City of Thessalia, 30 miles West of Larissa, 60 East of Fricca, and about 50 from Mount Olympus, the Inhabitants whereof were formerly such great Magicians, that Statius calls Magick, Artem Atraciam.
• Atteus, Son of Pelops and Hippodamia, succeeded his Uncle Eurystheus in the Kingdom of Mycenae and Argos, A. M. 2845. The Poets feign, that being vext at his Brother Thyestes, for Courting his Wife Aerope, he banish'd him the Court; but understanding that he had two Children by her, sent for him again and made him eat them; at which horrid Act the Sun withdrew his light. 'Tis also the Title of one of Seneca's Tragedies. Ovid.
• * Atti, Lat. Atria, a City of Naples, in the hither Abruzzo, and a Dukedom belonging to the Family of Aquaviva; now but thinly Peopled.
• Attalus I. King of Pergamus, Liberal and Couragious. He succeeded Eumenes in the year of Rome 512. and subdued Gauls, extending his Conquests into Asia as far as Mount Taurus. He Reign'd 40 years, and died in the year of Rome 556. Strabo Tit. Liv. Polyb. l. 5.
• Attalus II. His Brother Eumenes sent him to Rome, where accomplishing his Embassy, he return'd, and was left Tutor to his Brother's Son, under whom he Reign'd 20 Years. He held out Pergamus against Antiochus, and made him quit the Siege; and afterwards fought against him at Magnesia for the Romans. He also assisted Manlius against the Galatians, wag'd War with Perseus King of Macedon, and defeated Peusias King of Bithynia, took him Prisoner, and deliver'd him up to his Son Nicomedes. Further, he took Diegilus K. of Thrace, put a stop to the Incursions of Demetrius K. of Syria, and utterly overthrew the Pseudo-Philip. He built Attalia and Philadelphia in Lydia, sent presents to Scipio Aemilianus, be∣fore Numantium, and was stil'd the Friend and Ally of the Romans, and was slain at last by the Treachery of his Nephew Attalus IV, Appian Strabo.
• Attalus III. sirnam'd Philopater, K. of Pergamus, began to Reign in the year of Rome 616. Reigned 5 years, and dy∣ing Issueless, made the Romans his Heir. Tit. Liv.
• Attalus Arianus, Praefect of Rome, when Alaric besieged it the second time, against whom he so gallantly behaved himself, that the Senate, in consideration thereof created him Emperor; whereupon growing proud, he slighted the Embassy of Honorius, who sent to offer him a share of the Empire. However, the year following, U. C. 410. Alaric de∣spoiled him of his Empire; and being afterwards taken go∣ing into Spain, and presented to Honorius, he only cut off one of his Hands, and pardon'd all the Soldiers that had taken his part. Oros. Zozime.
• Atteius Capito, the Elder, a Tribune of the People, and afterward Commander of a considerable part of the Forces during the Wars between Augustus and Marc Antony. He, together with Agrippa, subscribed the Accusation against Caius Cassius. Veiieius Pat••rculus.

• Atteius Philologus, a Native of Athens, but a Latin Gram∣marian in the time of Augustus, intimately acquainted with Salust and Asinius Pollio; the first of whom he taught Rheto∣rick, and for the last he writ an Abridgment of the Roman History. Vossius de Hist. Lat.
• Attica, a Province of Achaia in Greece, now call'd the Dutchy of Athens: The People were divided formerly into 10 Tribes, who took their names from so many of their He∣roes, each Tribe had a part of Athens, with several Boroughs and Villages; afterwards there were 3 other joyn'd to the 10. and had some of the Towns alotted 'em. Out of each of these, 50 Persons were chose to make up the number of the Brytan••, who were the Judges of Athens, and had their Tri∣bunal in the Prytaaeum. The names of these 13 Tribes were 1. Er••chtheide, call'd so from K. Erechteus; 2. Egeide, from Egaeus Jason's Father; 3. Pandionide, from Pandion K. of A∣thens; 4. Leontide, from Leon, who sacrific'd his Daughters for his Country; 5. Ptolemaide, in honour of Ptolomy, Son of Lagu••. 6. Acamantide, from Acamas the Son of Thes••us. 7. Hadrianide, from Hadrian. 8. Oeneide, from Oeneus Son of Landion. 9. Cecropide, from K. Cecrops. 10. Hippothoontique, from Hippothoon Son of Neptune. 11. Aiantide, or Aeantide, from Ajax Son of Telamon. 12. Antiochide, from Antiochus Son of Hercules. 13. Attalide, from Attalus K. of Pergamus. Spon•• Voyage to Greece and Italy in 1675.
• A••ieus (T. Pomponius) a Roman Knight, and intimate ac∣quaintance of Marc. Cicero, as appears by his several Epistles to him, he withdrew from Rome to Athens during the Civil Wars of Cinna and Silla, where he learn'd to speak Greek, as well as Latin; when these troubles were over, he came back again to Rome, where he behaved himself so well during the Civil Wars of Pompey, Cesar, Mark Antony and Brutus, that without siding with any, he was beloved with 'em all; he refused all publick Imployments, to spend all his time in his Studies, keeping no Servants but such as could read for him upon occasion. He writ A nals and divers other Pieces both in Greek and Latin, and died very old. Cicero wrote 17 Books of Epistles to him, a Platonick Philosopher of the 2d Century, who was also an Historian. Euseb. Cornelius Nepos, Cicero.
• Atticus, Son of Herodes Atticus, a wealthy and Noble Athenian, so stupid that he could never learn his Letters, which made his Father get him 24 Servants, and name them after the 24 Letters of the Alphabet, pinning the Letter or Name of every Servant upon his Breast, that his Son might be able to call each by their Names: By which means at last he learn'd to read, but could never make any use of it. Philostratus.
• Attigny, a Borough of Champaigne in France, in the Dio∣cess of Rheims, 11 Miles S E. from the Town of that name, much defaced during the Wars between the French and Spa∣niards; but well recover'd since the Peace in 1659. Remark∣able for a small Council held there under Pope Paschal I. where Lewis th. Debonnaire, King of France, touch'd with re∣morse for having put to death his Nephew, Bernard King of Italy, and shut up his other Nephews in a Cloister, confess'd his Crimes, and did publick Penance in the presence of the Bishops and People of France. Flodoard. Aimoin.
• Attila, King of the Hunns, a Scythian and a Pagan, first fell into Thrace, which he wasted, An. 441. then ravag'd all the East, and compell'd the Emperor Theodosius to pay him Tribute. After that, having put his Brother Bleda to death, he invaded the Empire, pass'd forward into the West, and was call'd The Scourge of God. In 450 and 451. having over∣run Hungary and Germany, he enter'd Gaul with 500000 Men, pretending to attack the Visigoths in Aquitain; and after he had Sack'd M••tz, Treves, Tongres, Arras, and all the Cities that lay in his way, Besieg'd Orleans, which had Capitulated, if M••roveus, Aetius and Theodoric, joining their Armies, had not fallen unexpectedly upon him, beat him off, and after∣wards fought that memorable Battel in the Plains of Chalons in 451. where the Hunns lost above 200000 Men. But not∣withstanding this great loss, he march'd into Italy, fell into Friuli, and ruin'd Aquileia and several other Cities; and Marching for Rome, was hinder'd by the Prayers of St. Leo. Returning into his own Country, upon his Wedding Night he was taken with a sudden Bleeding, of which he died. Jornandes de l' Origine des Goths.
• Attilius Calatinus, Consul with Sulpitius Paterculus in the year of Rome 496. They offer'd the Carthaginians Battel in sight of Pal••rmo, which they refus'd, and put to Sea; upon which Attilius follow'd them so close, that his Rear was at a great distance when he engaged them, which had cost him dear if his Rear-Admiral had not made haste to his Relief. In 500 being again Consul with L. Manlius Vulso, they de∣feated a Navy of 120 Sail, and took Palermo: And in 505 he was chosen Dictator; he was also one of those who stabbed Caesar. Tit. Liv. Polyb. Flor. Osose, &c.
• Attilius Regulus, Consul with Julius Libo, in the year of Rome 487. who, together subdued the Salentines, and took their Chief City Brundusium. In the year of Rome 498. be∣ing Consul a second time with Manlius Vulso, they defeated the Carthaginians by Sea and Land; and after Manlius's re∣turn to Rome, Regulus took Aspis, routed Amilcar and Asdru∣bal, and took several Towns almost within sight of Carthage. But refusing to give the Carthaginians such Articles of Peace as they desired, they sent for Xantippus from Sparta, who kill'd 30000 of his Army, and took himself and 15000 more Prisoners, in the year of Rome 499. Nevertheless in 503 the Carthaginians sued for Peace, and sent Regulus with Am∣bassadors to Rome, obliging him by Oath to return, if Peace was denied. And though they imagin'd his desire of Li∣berty would make him solicitous for Peace, he violently op∣pos'd it: Yet according to his Oath, he return'd into Africa with the Ambassadors, where the enrag'd Carthaginians are said to have put him to a most tormenting Death; though some are of opinion, that he died a natural death, and that the other Report was only rais'd by Regulus his Wife, to ex∣cuse their hard usage of the Carthaginian Prisoners: Bostur and Amilcar were committed to her Custody, as a Pledge for the Redemption of her Husband. Pomponius de Origine Juris.
• * Attleburg, a Market Town of Shoreham Hundred in the South of Norfolk.
• * Atys, Son of Craesus King of Lydia, unfortunately kill'd by Adrastus. He was dumb from his Infancy, but seeing a Soldier of Cyrus's Army lift up his Sword to kill his Father, out of an extraordinary desire to speak, he broke the Ligatures of his Tongue, and cry'd out, O Man do not kill Craesus.
• * Atys, a young Man, lov'd by Cybele, Mother of the Gods, who made him her Priest, upon Condition he should preserve his Chastity; but he falsifying his Vow, and lying with the Nymph Sangaritis, that Goddess put him into such a frenzy, that he guelt himself, and going about to do further mischief, the Compassionate Goddess turn'd him into a Pine-Tree. Apply'd by Macrobius to the Earth and the Sun. Macrobius, l. 1. Ovid, l. 4.
• Ava, or Aba, a Kingdom, City, and River of the same Name, in the Firm Land of India, between the Dominions of Siam and Arachan. The Country is fruitful and full of Mines. Sanson.
• Avalites, an Emporium of the Adelenses, bordering upon Aethiopia, now call'd Zeylan, seated upon the mouth of the Red Sea; a ready, but unsafe passage into Aethiopia, by rea∣son of the mortal hatred which the Adelenses bear the Aethio∣pians.
• Avalos, or D' Avalos, (Ferdinand Francis) Marquess of Pes∣cara, one of the greatest Captains that Charles V. ever had, was taken Prisoner at the Battel of Ravenna, but was after∣ward at the Battel of Bicoque, and mightily contributed to the Victory of Pavia. He died in 1525, in the 32d year of his Age. Thuan. Mezerai.
• D' Avalos, (Alphonso) Marquess of Guast, Lieutenant-General of Charles V's Army, in Italy and the Milanoise. He was at the Battel of Bicoque, the Plundering of Genoa, and all the Sieges in the Milanese. Afterward he accompany'd Charles V. into Africa: But being defeated at Cerizoles by the French, he died of grief in 1546. De Thou. Guichardin. Montluc.
• Avanches, Lat. Aventicum, a Town in Switzerland upon the Lake Morac. The Natives call it Wiflisburgh. Formerly a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan, but now a small Village, two Leagues from Friburgh. Cluvier. Sanson.
• Avari, a part of the Hunns so call'd, who having ravag'd the Empire beyond the Danaw, settled in the East part of Dacia, then possess'd by the Ostrogoths, and now inhabited by the Wallachians, Moldavians, Russians, Cossacks, and other Peo∣ple, that lie upon the North Coast of the Black Sea, and drove out the Hunns, who made themselves Masters of the greatest part of Pannonia, and laid the Foundations of the Kingdom of Hungary. Maimbourg. Hist. des Iconoclastes.
• Abau••, a County of Champagne in France, in the Neigh∣bourhood of Rheims, where Charlemaigne vanquish'd the Nor∣mans, after they had ravag'd the Country, and pillag'd the Suburbs of Rheims, and forc'd 'em to retreat in so much haste, that most of 'em were drown'd in passing the River Aine. It belongs to the Family of Mesmes.

• Aubagne, a small City of Provence, in the Diocess of Mar∣seilles, with the Title of a Barony, belonging to the Bishop.
• Aubespine, a Noble Family, originally of Burgundy, now of Chartrain, whence were descended Claudius de l' Aubespine, Baron of Chasteau-Neuf, &c. Secretary of State, &c. to Fran∣cis I. and II. Henry II. Charles IX. died 1567. And Charles, Chancellor of France, Marquess of Chasteau-Neuf, highly fa∣vour'd by Henry IV. who after an Imprisonment of 10 years, was restor'd to all his Honours, and died 1653.
• Aubigny, a Town of France in Orleans, 24 miles North of Bourges, and 30 South East of Orleans. Lon. 21. 10 Lat. 47. 18.
• Aubriot, (Hugo) a Burgundian, made Treasurer of the Fi∣nances, and Provost of the Merchants, by the King of France. He built the Bastile by order of Charles V. but being accus'd of Heresie by the Priests, was immur'd between two Walls, till set at Liberty by the Maillotins, who would have made him their Captain in their Insurrections against the Imposi∣tions; but that night he made his escape from them into Burgundy, where he soon after died. De Chesne, Mezerac.
• * Aubrun, a Market Town of Ramsbury Hundred in the East parts of Wiltshire.

• Aubusson, the second City of La Marche, bordering on Auvergne, well Peopled, and full of Tapistry Weavers.
• Aubusson, (Peter d') the 39th Grand-master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. He appear'd early in the Field, and signaliz'd himself in that great Victory obtain'd by Al∣bert D. of Austria, Son-in-Law to the Emperor Sigismund, over the Turks. After which, being wholly bent to fight a∣gainst those Infidels, he was elected Knight of Rhodes, and by degrees came to be Grand-master: In which Station he gallantly defended Rhodes for 2 Months, against Mahomet II. and made such a havock amongst his Men, that he forced them to raise the Siege, and haste to their Ships. He pro∣tected Zizim, one of the Sons of Mahomet II. against his Bro∣ther Bajazet II. did many other advantageous things for the good of Christendom, and died in 1503; in the 80th year of his Age. The Example of John Huniades, and George Castriot, who won signal Victories over Amurat in 1442, and 43, and the Turks Cruelty after the Battel of Varnes in 1444, inspir'd this great Man with a Zeal to become Knight of Rhodes, that so he might always have occasion to fight against the Infidels. Before the Siege of Rhodes he came Ambassador thence to Charles VII. of France, who gave him 16 millions in Gold, and consented to raise the Tenths of the Clergy for a further Assistance. At his return being chosen great Master, he fi∣nish'd the Fortifications begun by his Predecessors, and made several new Works to secure the Coast. And after the Turks had rais'd the Siege, he built a magnificent Church under the Title of St. Mary of Victory near the Jews Wall, where the Enemy had their last defeat. You will find all the Particulars of this famous Siege under Rhodes, and more of this great Man in the Article of Zozime.
• Auch, a City of France in Gascoigne, the Capital of Armag∣nac, and an Archbishops See with ten Suffragans under it, situate upon the River Gers. The Cathedral is one of the most magnificent in France, suppos'd to be founded by Clovis the Great, who gave the Archbishop the Signiory of half the City. Sancte Marthe Sanson.
• * Audenard, Lat. Aldenardum, a well fortified City in Flan∣ders, between Gant and Tournay, the River Scheld running through it. It was taken by the French in the year 1658, then restored again to the Spaniards, but in 1667 it was re∣taken again by Lewis the XIV. to whom it still belongs by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle. It's defended with a strong Citadel call'd Pamcle seated in the middle of the Town.
• Audeus, a Mesopotamian, Head of the Audeans, a Learn'd and Zealous Inveigher against the Vices of the Clergy; for which being expell'd, he set up a new Sect, by whom he was made a Bishop. Soon after he was Banish'd into Scythia, where he converted several of the Infidels. He taught, that Darkness, Fire, and Water, had no beginning, solemnized Easter as the Jews do, and attributed a Human Shape to God. Baron. An. C. 341.
• * Audley, James Lord Audley, so famous for his Valour against France, that no less then the Counties of Devon, Dorset, Stafford, and Hereford, contend for his Birth, but a Learn'd Antiquary gives it for Devon, and says the Castle of Barnstaple was his chief Mansion. He behaved himself to Admiration at the Battel of Poitiers, and therefore the Black Prince gave him a yearly Pension of 5000 Marks, which he giving as freely to his 4 Squires who stood by him in the Fight, the Black Prince question'd him about it, as if he had thought his Gift not worthy his Acceptance: To which he answered, That what he had done was to requite the faithful service of his Esquires, especially in the Battel; that the fair Estate left him by his Ancestors enabled him freely to serve his Highness, whereas those his Men might stand in need of some support, and crav'd his Pardon for parting with his Present without his License. The Prince highly pleas'd thereat, prais'd his Bounty as much as his Valour, and doubled his Pension. This Noble Lord liv'd in the Reign of King Edward III. and died in the beginning of Richard the Second's, in the 14th Age.
• * Audley, Sir Thomas, Lord Audley, and Lord High Chan∣cellor of England under H. VIII. he was born in Essex, bred a Lawyer, made Attorney of the Dutchy of Lancaster, Speak∣er to the Commons, then Knight, next Lord High Chancellor, and last of all Lord Baron Audley of Audley-End in Essex; his Person was comely and majestick, and in short, he was a Man of consummate parts and prudence; his maintaining of the prerogative in Parliament, brought him into the Kings favour, which he kept by humouring him in every thing; he succeeded Sir Tho. Moor as Lord Chancellor, en∣joyn'd the Preachers to detect the folly of Popery, had a large share in the Abby Lands, founded Magdalen College, and having by his wary management weathered K. Henry's boisterous humour, came off with great Honour, and died April 30. 1544. and was buried in the Church at Saffron-Walden in Es∣sex, leaving a great Estate to his Daughter Margaret, after∣wards Married to Thomas Duke of Norfolk.
• * Audley-End, a Royal House in the North-west of Essex, 1st built by Tho. Howard Earl of Suffolk, and Treasurer of England, then the best House of a Subject in the whole Island.

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• Avein, a Borough Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburgh, 2 Leagues North of St. Hubert, near to which in 1635. the French, under the Command of Mareschal de Chastillon, and Mareschal de Brezé, defeated the Spaniards, under the Com∣mand of Prince Thomas of Savoy, and the Count de Bucquoi.
• Aveira, a City of Portugal in the Country of Beira, at the Mouth of the River Vouga, about a Mile from the Sea.
• Avella, a City of Italy in the Terra di Lavoro, dignified with the Title of Marquisate, 4 Miles from Nola, and 15 from Naples.
• Avellino, a City of Naples, being a Principality, and a Bishops See, under the Archbishop of Beneventum.
• Avenay, a small City in Champaigne, near to the River Maine, 4 or 5 Leagues from Rheims.
• Avenne (Bouchard d') Bishop of Metz, defeated the D. of Lorrain at the Wood of Warray; and afterward laying Siege to Chasteau Prenay, constrain'd the Duke to a dishonourable Peace. He died in 1296.
• Aventinus (Sylvius) the XIIth King of the Latins, suc∣ceeded his Father Alladius in the year of the World 3199. and was kill'd in Battel An. 3236. after he had Reign'd 37 years, and was buried under Mount Aventine in Rome, which was so call'd from his being buried there.
• Aventuriers, are a certain sort of English and French Priva∣teers that live on Plunder in America; they have no settled habitation, but range up and down, looking upon every thing as their own that they can take away by Force. Fif∣teen or Twenty of these loose Fellows joyn in a Company, and chuse one of their number for Captain, being Arm'd each with a good Fusil, a Case of Pistols, and Scymeter, they imbarque in a Canoo, or small Boat made of one Piece of Wood, and ly in wait at the mouth of some River for Spanish Ships, which they often snap. Oexmelin Hist. des Indes Occidentales.
• Avenzoar, an Arabian Physician in the XIIth Age, Con∣temporary with Averroes and Avicenna. He began to study Physick at 10 years of Age, and liv'd 136. he was sirnam'd the Wise and Illustrious, and highly extoll'd by Averroez. Ca∣stellan in vita Medicor.
• Averno, a Lake in the Terra di Lavoro, near Bajae, Cumae, and Puzzuolo. Nero attempted to make a Navigable C••na•• from it to the mouth of Tyber, according to the project of Severus and Celer, two famous Surveyors; but fail'd, thô he employ'd all the Garison'd Soldiers and Criminals in Italy about it. The Ancients report, That Birds flying over it, fell down dead; and thinking it to be unfathomable, the Poets call'd it the Descent into Hell: But Anthony Doria sound∣ing it, found it not above 238 foot deep. West of Averno is a Cave cut out of a Rock, where was an Oracle, and there the Heathens Sacrificed to the Infernal Gods. East of it, are the Ruines of a stately Structure, suppos'd to have been the Temple of Pluto, or a Bathing place; for there are Hot Springs adjoining. Tacitus, Strabo.
• Averroez, an Arabian Physician, sirnam'd Comm••ntator: He liv'd at Cordoua in Spain about the year 1140. He writ Commentaries upon Aristotle's Philosophy, He call'd the Chri∣stian Religion an Impossible Religion, because of the Mystery of the Incarnation; The Jewish Religion, the Religion of Children, consisting of nothing but Rules and Precepts; and the Mahometan Religion he call'd a Swinish Religion, be∣cause it affects only the Sense: Being often heard to cry out, Moriatur Anima mea morte Philosophorum. Vander Lind••n de scriptis Medicor. Vossius.
• Aversa, a City of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples, and Terra di Lavoro, with a Bishops See, to which that of Atella and Cumae is united. Built by Robert Guichard, D. of Puglia and Calabria in opposition to Naples; scituate in a fertile soil between it and Capua, Ruin'd by Charles I. King of Naples, for Revolting, but soon repair'd. Much celebrated by Tra∣vellers for its Nobility, Castle, Hospital, and Cathedral. Leander Alberti, descript. Ital.
• Avesnes le Compte, a City of the Low-Countries in Artois, upon the Frontiers of Picardy, and an Earldom, subject to the French, but very much ruin'd by the Wars.
• Avesnes, a City and Earldom of Hainault, upon the River Hepre, pleasant and well fortified; 4 or 5 Leagues from Landrecy, and as many from Maubuge, granted to the French, by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.
• Avesnes, the Name of an Illustrious and Potent Family in the Low Countries, that were Counts of Holland, Hainault, Zealandt, &c.
• Aufidius Bassus, a Latin Historian, in the Reigns of Au∣gustus and Tiberius. He wrote two Histories, the one of the German War; the other of the Civil-wars; both cited by the Ancients.
• Auge, a small Countrey of France in Normandy, bordering upon Sens, between Argentan and Falaise.
• Augea, Daughter of Alaeus, deflower'd by Hercules, by whom he had Telephus: So soon as Alaeus understood she was brought to Bed, he put both the Mother and Son into a Chest, and threw them into the River Caycus; but Venus Steering the New-fashion'd Vessel to the mouth of the River, it was taken up by Teuthras, who falling in Love with the Beauty of the Mother, Married her, and left his Kingdom to Telephus. Euripides.

• Ausone, or Auxone, a pleasant, strong City of France in the Dutchy of Burgundy, upon the Soame, 5 Leagues from Dijon, and about 4 from Dole.
• * Ausonius Decimus Magnus of Bourdeaux, a Rhetorician, Poet, and Tutor to the Emperor Gratian, by whose means he was created Consul in 379.
• Auspurgh, or Ausburgh, an Episcopal and Imperial City of Germany in Suabia, under the Archbishop of Mayence, seated upon a part of the Rivers Lich and Werden. 'Tis so ancient, that Tacitus speaks of it as the Capital City of the Rhetians, and that Augustus sent a Roman Colony thither, where it was call'd also Augusta, rendering it very conside∣rable, till about the year 451, when Attila almost ruin'd it. Afterwards it was repair'd, and reduc'd by the Swedes and Germans, who continu'd joint Possessors thereof, till Clovis in 496 defeated the Germans at the Battel of Zulpick, and brought it under the power of the Kings of Austrasia. In the 9th Age the Germans recover'd it, and made it a Free and Imperial City, only the Hungarians were a little troublesome to it, till vanquish'd by the Emperor Otho in 955. In Lo∣thaire II's time it was almost burnt down to the Ground, but rose again with greater splendour under Conrade III. and Frederick Barbarossa. In 1632 the Duke of Bavaria besieged and took it, having reduced the Inhabitants and Soldiers within it to live upon Rats, Mice, and such like Vermin. At last it was restor'd to its Liberty by the Peace of Osnabrugg. The Air is good, Streets large, and it abounds with Artificers of all sorts, chiefly Goldsmiths. The Senate-House is a curious Piece of Architecture, before which is a Fountain, in the midst whereof is the Statue of Augustus in Brass, with other Figures of the same Metal. The Arsenal also and the Col∣ledge are Stately Buildings. The Walls are built after the ancient manner with Towers, the Moats are wide, deep and well fill'd with Water, and in some places defended with Half Moons and Bastions. Maximilian I. assembled the Dyets of the Empire in this City, whither Luther came in 1518 to give an account of his Faith. Charles V. held a Dyet here in 1530, where the Protestants presented their Con••ession of Faith, form'd by Melancton, and the same Em∣pe••or in one held in 1548 propos'd the Formulary call'd the Interim, for the Communion under both Kinds, and Priests Marrying. Now Lutherans and Catholicks have an equal Li∣berty of Conscience, and share in the Government of the Town. for of the 7 Counsellors that compose the Privy-Council, the two chiefest call'd Presidents of the Republick, are Protestant and Catholick, and the Senators, Syndicks, and ••ther Officers are of both Religions. As for the 3 Treasurers they are 2 Protestants and 1 Catholick one year, and 2 Catholicks and 1 Protestant the next, &c. Ausbourg is Capital of the Circle of Suabia. Marcus, Velserus, Bertius, Cl••vier, Thuan. Le M••re.
• Austerlit••, a small City of Germany in Moravia, almost ruin'd by the Swedes, during the German Wars.
• * St. Austin the Apostle of the Anglo-Saxons, and first Arch∣bishop of Canterbury, was a Roman Monk of the Order of St. Benedict, and liv'd in the 6th Age. Then reign'd over part of this Island Ethelbert the Potent King of Kent, whose Wife was Bertha Daughter to Clotaire I. King of France. Eth••lbert and his People were Pagans, and the Queen only with her Servants did openly profess the Christian Religion, which they had liberty to do by her Contract of Marriage. The King had a great Affection for the Queen, and she made an advantage of it to work him by degrees into a good opi∣nion of the Religion she profess'd. When she saw him in a fair Disposition, she gave Intelligence thereof to the then Pope Gregory the Great, and pray'd him to send over fit Per∣sons to compleat the Work, in order to Plant the Gospel in this Island. The Pope sent Austin, with several others, a∣bout the year 596, by whom the King was converted, which contributed much to the Conversion of the People. The King upon his Conversion remov'd to Reculver a Sea Town of Kent, and left Austin in possession of his Royal Palace, who consecrated the Church in the Palace, and prevail'd with the King to build a Monastery without the Walls, de∣dicated to Peter and Paul, with a Church-Yard to it. Upon Christmas-day Austin baptized above 10000 Saxons, besides Women and Children. Soon after this he was Ordain'd Bi∣shop by the Archbishop of Arles, according to the Popes Mandate, who sent him the Pall by Mellitus, Justus, and Pau∣linus, An. 601. Three years after this Austin consecrated Mellitus and Justus Bishops, to Preach the Gospel to the East-Saxons, whom the Thames divided from Kent, whose King Segbert was then converted by Mellitus, and St. Paul's Church in London built. Justus was made Bishop of Rochester, and a Church built there by King Ethelbert, dedicated to St. An∣drew. At last having Ordain'd Lawrence a Priest to succeed him in the See of Canterbury, he departed this Life An. 614. Thus Christianity was planted again in this part of the Island, which having flourish'd before in the time of the Britains since the Reign of King Lucius, was, after the Saxons Establishment, confin'd amongst the Britains in Wales, the rest of the Island being over-spread again with Heathenism. But it is observable, that Austin was the first who subjected the Church of England to Rome, by owning the Popes Su∣premacy, contrary to the Practice of the British Church, which own'd no such dependancy, nor would the British Bishops in the time of Austin acknowledge the Papal Autho∣rity, nor Austin himself to be their Archbishop, which he took so ill of 'em, that he forgot his Character by his arro∣gant Carriage and Unchristian Revenge in causing 'em to be Murder'd.
• Austrasia, a part of Germany on this side the Rhine, com∣prehending all that lies between the Rhine, the Scheld, the Meuse, and Mount Vauge, the same very near with that which we now call Lorrain, only larger, and having greater Ap∣pendages. Thierri I. Son of Clovis the Great, was the first King of it, and Dagobert, Son of Sigebert, the last; after whose Reign it was united to the Crown of France, and ne∣ver had any particular King afterwards. The chief Cities hereof, which are now comprehended in the Dukedom of Lorrain, have, together with their dependencies, belong'd to the Kings of France for above these 100 years. Gregoire de Tours, Mezeray.
• Austria, a Region of Germany, comprehending a part of Noricum, with some part of Pannonia, and part of Germany, bordering upon the Danube, bounded on the East by Hun∣gary, on the West by Bavaria, on the North by Moravia, and on the South by Stiria. 'Tis divided into the Upper and Lower; the Upper beyond, the Lower on this side the Danube; Vienna is the Capital City. The Country is very fruitful, and has some Mines, especially of Sulphur. 'Twas first made a Marquisate by Otho I. afterwards made an Arch-Dukedom by Frederick Barbarossa, in 1136, and is the only one of that Title in the World. Of this House are lineally descended the Emperors of Germany.
• ...
  The House of Austria.
  • To omit the Opinion of Spanish Genealogists, whereof some fix the Original of the Austrian Family in one of the Graecians hid in the famous Trojan Horse, and others derive it from Noah's Ark: Let us examine their Testimony that of∣fer nothing upon the ancientness of Families, but what they ground upon solid and incontestable proof. This Noble Family begun but in the 13th Century, and Charles V. is thought to have been of this opinion when he return'd this remarkable answer to a flattering Genealogist, That he made more Account of Vertue and Glory then of long Succession of Anc stors, that for want of good evident proof was and might well be con∣tested. Nor do Authors agree concerning the Original of this Family, some pretend it to be derived from the Kings of Austrasia, some from the Counts of Altembourg, others hold Peter Frangipani an Italian withdrawing into Swisserland in 1130 or 35 during the Schism of Peter of Leon call'd Ana∣cletus II. against Innocent II. had a Son by name Albert Fran∣gipani, who built the Castle of Hapsburg, and was Grandfa∣ther of Rodolphus, acknowledged by all to be the first of the House of Austria, who being chosen Emperor at Francfort in 1273, neglected nothing to promote the interest of the Em∣pire, and especially of his own Family. Ottocaire II. King of Bohemia had taken possession of Austria in right of his Wife, which he pretended was next Heiress to Frederic, who died in 1246 or 48 without Issue. Rodolphus maintain'd that it was a Fief-Male, and for that reason was to return to the Empire upon the default of Heirs Male, hereupon he takes Arms, and having kill'd the King of Bohemia in a Battle fought at Vienna in 1278, gave the Investiture of the Dutchy to his Son Albert, who chang'd the Title of Hapsburg for that of Austria; and his Successors to render it the most impor∣tant Principality of Germany erected it into an Archdutchy, and were priviledg'd to create Counts, Barons, and Gentle∣men throughout the Empire, and were not to be deposed nor call'd to an account on any pretence whatsoever. Sti∣ria and Carinthia were also united to Austria. Rodolphus died in 1291, and had 7 Sons and 8 Daughters, whereof Albert I. and Rodolph II. only had Issue. Albert being Emperor was kill'd in 1308 by his Nephew the Son of Rodolphus. He left 6 Sons, Frederic the Fair, Rodolphe III. Leopold, Othon, Henry, Albert II. and 5 Daughters. Frederic was chosen Emperor in 1314, and died in 1329, his Children did not survive him any considerable time, his Brothers had also the same mis∣fortune, whereupon Albert III. sirnamed the Wife and Dis∣sembler, quitted his Ecclesiastical Benefices, and Married to continue the Family, and dying in 1358 left Rodolphus IV. who died without Issue, Albert III. Leopold II. and Frederic II. Albert died in 1395, leaving Albert IV. sirnamed the Wise or the Mathematician, who died in 1404, leaving Albert V. second Emperor of the name, who died in 1439, and in whose Sons George and Ladislaus ended the Race of Albert III. but the Family was preserved in the Posterity of Leopold II. Son of Albert II. This Leopold died in 1385, and left Wil∣liam the Ambitious, who died without Issue in 1405, Leo∣pold III. sinam'd the Fat and Haughty, who died in 1411, Frederick the III. who died in 1440, from whom the Empe∣ror Sigismond took the Castle of Hapsburg, and Ernest I. who after the death of his Brothers and Nephews quitted his Church-Living, as his Grandfather Albert had done, Married and left 5 Sons, whereof Frederick IV. the eldest was the first

• ...
  • that took the Title of Archduke of Austria. He was chosen Emperor in 1440, and died in 1443, leaving many Chil∣dren, who died Issueless, except Maximilian I. who having Married Mary of Burgundy, Daughter of Charles the Bold, the richest Heiress then in Europe, succeeded his Father in the Empire in 1493, and died in 1519, leaving Philip I. call'd the Fair, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria, &c. who in 1496 Married Jean of Arragon, Daughter and Heiress of Ferdinand V. sirnam'd the Catholick, King of Aragon, Gra∣nada, and Sicily, which new Alliance rais'd the House of Austria to that height which it has ever since appear'd in, and gave occasion to this Distique:

    Bella gerunt fortes, tu faelix Austria Nube, Nam quae Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus.

    Philip I. died in 1506, leaving two Sons, Charles V. and Fer∣dinand, who were both Emperors, and made the Division of the two Branches of the House of Austria. Charles V. rais'd the Grandeur of this Family to the highest period: He was born at Gant in 1500, and being King of Spain, Aragon, and Sicily, was chosen Emperor in 1519; He died in 1558, ha∣ving given the Crown 3 years before to his Son Philip II. who govern'd 42 years, and died in 1598, He had four Wives, Mary of Portugal, Mary of England, Isabell of France, and Anne of Austria, by which last he had Philip III. who died in 1621. This Prince had 4 Sons and 3 Daughters, Philip IV. Charles who died without Issue, Ferdinand Cardi∣nal, and Alphonsus who died young, the eldest Daughter was Married to Lewis the XIII of France. Philip IV. died in 1665, he was Married to Elizabeth of France, by whom he had Mary Terese of Austria Married to Lewis XIV, and by his se∣cond Wife Mary Anne of Austria, Daughter of Ferdinand III. and Sister to the Emperor Leopold, he had 3 Sons that died young. Charles the II. the present King of Spain born the 6th of November 1661, and Margaret Mary Ter••se Married to the same Leopold in 1663, and died 1673. The famous Don John of Austria who was born in 1629, and died at Madrid in 1679, was Philip the IVth's Natural Son.
• ...
  The House of Austria in Germany.
  • Ferdinand, first Emperor of this name, and first of this Branch of Germany, was the second Son of Philip I. and Brother to Charles V. who generously resigned him all his Possessions in Germany in 1520, made him be chosen King of the Romans that same year, and settled him in the Empire in 1556. This Ferdinand was also King of Hungary and Bohe∣mia in right of his Wife, Daughter of Ladislaus VI. King of Hungary, he died in 1564, and had 4 Sons and 2 Daugh∣ters. All the Hereditary Estate of the House fell to his youngest Son Charles II. who also had 15 Children. Ferdi∣nand II. his Son was adopted by the Emperor Matthias in 1617. and Crown'd Emperor in 1629; he died in 1637, and was succeeded by his Son Ferdinand III. who died in 1659; he was thrice Married, and left many Children, as Leopold the present Emperor, Eleanor Mary, first Married to Michel Kori∣but Weisnowiski K. of Poland, and after his death to Charles IV. Duke of Lorrain in 1678. Mary Anne Wife of Philip the IV. and Mother to Charles II. the present King of Spain, &c. Leopold I. call'd Leopold Ignace-Francis-Balthasar-Joseph-Felici••n was born the 19th of June 1641, chosen Emperor in 1658, Married Margaret Mary Therese Daughter of Philip IV. of Spain in 1666, by whom he had a Son that died young, and a Daughter; This Empress dying in 1673, he Married Claude of Inspruck, and this dying in 1676, took for his 3d Wife Anne Mary Joseph of Neubourg, born in 1655, by whom he has Joseph-Jacob-John-Ignace-Eustace, born in 1678, and se∣veral other Children. Guilliman Hist. Arch. Aust. Nicolas Bellus, Welfangus Kazius de Aust. Bersius l. 2. rerum. german. Froissard. Philip. Comines. Spenner, &c.
  • Autolycus, Son of Mercury, and a famous Robber, har∣bouring in Mount Parnassus. Also a famous Philosopher and Astronomer in the year of Rome 414, Tutor to Arce∣silas.
  • * Autre, a Market Town of St. Mary Ottery Hundred in Devonshire, about 12 miles East of Exeter.
  • Autun, an Episcopal City of France in Burgundy, upon the River Arroux, under the Arch-Bishop of Lyons, memo∣rable for the Council of the Druids, and School of the Gauls, anciently had in much veneration. 'Twas about 2000 Paces in circumference, wall'd round, beautified with a Capitol, several Temples, and other magnificent Edifices, whose Ruines speak its ancient Grandeur. 'Twas first wasted by Attila, then plunder'd by the Normans, and afterwards very much impoverished by the ancient Kings of Burgundy, who kept their Court at Chalon. Yet it is still considerable for its Churches and other Ecclesiastical Buildings.
  • Auvergne, a Province of France with the Title of an Earldom, bounded on the East by Le Forets, on the West by the Upper Limosin, Quercy, and La Marche; on the South by Cevenes and Rovergue, and on the North by Bourbonnois. 'Tis divided into the Upper and Lower, the Lower extends it self by the Banks of the River Allier in a most fertile Plain, whose Capital City is Clermont. The Soil is fruitful of Corn and Wine, and abounds in Mineral Waters; The In∣habitants drive a great Trade in Tapestry, Bone-Lace, Lin∣nen Cloth, Knives, Kettles, and other Commodities. The Upper is remarkable for Mount Cantal, high, and much fre∣quented by Botanists for the abundance of Simples which grow there. The Soil is good for Pasturage, and the People Trade much in Cheese and Mules. The Inhabitants of the whole Province are naturally Industrious, Ingenuous, and good Soldiers.
  • * Aux, Lat. Ausci, an Archbishoprick and a City in the County of Armagnac in France; it stands on the River S••rs, a little above its fall into the Garonne. It is 20 miles N. W. and one of the Richest Archbishopricks in France.
  • Auxerre, Lat. Antissiodorum, a City of France upon the Confines of Burgundy, situate upon the Yonne. It is large and beautiful, seated upon a Plain about 12 Leagues from Sens.
  • Auxois, a Country of France in Burgundy, between Anxer∣rois, Autunois, and Dijonnois, towards Champagne, having a particular Bailliage that keeps Courts at Avaton, Arnay le Duc, and Semur.

• * Axbridge, a Market Town of Winterstoak Hundred in the North-west parts of Somersetshire, so call'd from the River Ax near which it is situate.
• * Axel, Lat. Axella, a Town of Flanders surpriz'd by the Hollanders in 1586, under whom it has continu'd ever since. A League and half West of Ulst••n, and 4 of Gh••n••, and 6 West of Antwerp. It was the first Action of Count Maurice of Nassaw after the States made him General, in 1587.
• Axerero Blasius, Admiral of the Galleys of G••noa in 1435, and Victor in the famous Sea-fight near the Isle of Ponce, where he took Prisoners Alphonsus V. King of Arragon, John King of Navarre, Henry Grand-Master of the Order of St. James, and several other Princes and great Lords.
• * Axhoim, an Island of Manlie Wapentake in the North∣west of Lincolnshire, made an Island by the Rivers Trent and Idle, with a Dike Southward, which makes the communica∣tion between those two Rivers. From North to South it reaches about 10 miles, and 5 from East to West w••••re broadest. In which compass of Ground it contain•• sev••ral Towns. Part of it is flat and mo••rish, and that yields a sweet Shrub call'd by the Country People Gall, the middle parts being a rising Ground, are exceeding fertile, and a∣mongst other things yield abundance of Flax. Here is also some store of Alabaster.
• * A••iem, a strong Castle upon the Coast of G••••••••••, a•• the mouth of the River Manca, 5 Leagues from the Promo••••ory of Apollonia, in possession of the Dutch.
• * Axiopoli, a Town of Bulgaria, subject to the Turk; it stands on the Danube, 153 N. of Adrianople, and 220 N. W. of Constantinople. Long. 50. 50. Lat. 45. 28.
• * Axuma, once the Metropolis of A••yssin••a, by the Natives call'd Acsum, beautified with stately Structures, Palaces, Obelisks, and other Royal Buildings, some of whose Ruines are yet to be seen. Now but thinly Peopled by reason of the Devastations of the Turks and Adelens••s. Seven days Journey from the Red-Sea, in 14 Degrees and a half of Nor∣thern Latitude.

• * Ay••um, a Town of Sicily in the Valley de Noto, upon a Hill, 20 miles West of Catana.
• Aym••nte, a Town of Spain, in the Province of Andalu∣zia, upon a Hill, at the mouth of the River Ana, 18 Leagues West of Cadiz, and 22 from Sevil, fortified against the In∣cursions of the Portuguese.

• Azamor, a City of Ducala, in the Kingdom of Morocco in Africa, at the mouth of the River Ommirabi. The King of Portugal made himself Master of it in 1508, and quitted it again voluntarily in 1540, as not defensible, because com∣manded by a Hill. The Moors were no sooner repossess'd of it, but the Portuguese Governor of Maragan hearing of it, scal'd the Walls in the night, kill'd or took all the Moors that were in it, and brought to Portugal the Governor, and two Alphaqui's, who were afterward chang'd for Christian Pri∣soners.
• * Azek, a City of the Amorites, which fell to the Tribe of of Judah; It was here that God smote the Army of the 5 Kings, who besieged Gibeon, with Hail-Stones; The City was afterward fortified by Rehoboam.
• Azen, a Kingdom of India, beyond the Ganges, joining to the Lake Chiamay, one of the best Countries of Asia, af∣fording all that is necessary for the Life of Man: Besides Gold, Silver, Iron, and Lead Mines, and great store of Silk. Here is also the best Gum-Lac growing upon Trees in great abundance; and excellent Grapes, of which they make no Wine, only dry 'em and extract a strong Water from 'em. Though they have no want of Cattel, yet they delight most in Dogs Flesh; and supply their want of Salt, by a Powder made of Fig-Leaves dry'd and burnt, and then boil'd in Water, at the bottom whereof is a sort of very good white Pouder which they use for Salt. The Capital City is Kem∣merouf, and their Kings are Interr'd at Az••o, their Tombs 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉

Notes

• * 3.1

  It's commonly read Scy∣thicas, but Scaliger, and that very reasonably, see∣ing the Poet is speaking of Britain, says it must be Scoticas.