The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary being a curious miscellany of sacred and prophane history : containing, in short, the lives and most remarkable actions of the patriarchs, judges, ... heresiarchs, ... emperors, ... and all those who have recommended themselves to the world ... together with the establishment and progress both of religious and military orders ... ; [with] The genealogy of several illustrious families in Europe ; The fabulous history of the heathen gods and heroes ; The description of empires, kingdoms ... / collected from the best historians, chronologers, and lexicographers ... but more especially out of Lewis Morery ... his sixth edition corrected and enlarged by Monsieur Le Clark ... now done into English ; to which are added by way of supplement ... the lives ... and writings of the illustrious families of our English, Scotch and Irish nobility ... clergy ; as also an exact description of these kingdoms ... by several learned men ; wherein are inserted the last five years historical and geographical collections of Edmond Bohun ... never extant till in this work.

• of Bacchus's Birth, the manner of his Education; the Coun∣try where, and the Persons that had the care of his bringing up, are to be seen all at length in the 4th Book of Diodorus of Sicily, where also is the Description of his Exploits and Memorable Actions, and of the Ceremonies of his Feast and Triumphs. Diod. Sicul.
• Baccius or Baccio (Andrew) an able Physician in the 16th Century, Author of several good Books, 1. De Thermis, 2. De Naturali ninorum Historia, 3. De venenis & antidotis. 4. De gemmis & lapidibus pretiosis, &c. Vander Linden.
• * Bach, a small Town of Lower-Hungary at the confluence of the Danube and Sarwizze, belonging to the Archbishop of C••l••••za; it was under the Turks until 1686, but after the taking of Quinque Ecclesiae, it return'd to the obedience of the Emperor. It stands 70 miles South East of Buda, and 20 South of Colocza.
• * Bachian, Lat. Bachianum, an Island and Kingdom of As••a in the Indian Sea, reckon'd one of the Molucco's, it's small, but wonderfully fruitful, and belongs to the King of Mach••an, whence it lies 20 miles Southward, and about as far from the Island Gilolee Westward, almost under the Line; its chief Town is of its own name, it has a Castle call'd Barnewelt, which belongs to the Dutch. The Temperature of the Air is very unwholesom because of the Vapours extracted by the scorching heat of the Sun. The Chinoise possess'd these Islands in 1013, after them the Persians, Arabians, Port••g••••s••, and Dutch.
• Baci••sary, or Bacha-serai, the Capital City of Little-Tartary call'd Precope, it is situated in the middle of the Country upon the River Nabarta, and is considerable for being the Resi∣dence of the Cham of the Crim-Tartars. Tavernier, Baudrand.
• Ba••ker (James) an Excellent Painter, Native of Harlingen, a City of Friseland, one of the United-Provinces, his chief aim was to draw to the Life, wherein he was so expeditious, that a Harlem Woman that came to Amsterdam had her Picture begun and finished by him that very day to the full length, with all the Embelishments that could be bestowed upon it by Art.
• * Backow, Lat. Bachovia, a City of Moldavia well inha∣bited, it was made a Bishops See and Suffragan of Colocza by Pope Cl••ment VIII. it stands on the River Alausa, 25 miles N. W. of Targovisco, some call it Braislow. Baud.
• * Bacon (Sir Nicholas) Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in Q. Elizabeth's Reign, was a Branch of the ancient Family of the Bacons of Norfolk and Suffolk, but born at Chiselhurst in the County of Kent. He was bred in Bennet's Colledge i•• ••••••bridge, and having applied himself to the Study of the Common-Law, he became Attorney of the Court of Wards, th••n was prefer'd to be Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, in which he continued about 18 years. He was not only a good Lawyer, but a Man of great Wit and Wisdom, and of deep reach into all sorts of Affairs; he had a special Memory to recollect all the Circumstances of a Business, and as great Patience to Debate and Consider 'em, witness his usual saying, Let us stay a little, & we shall have done the sooner. In short, he understood the true Interest of England, and promoted it to the utmost of his power. To secure his own, he made use of the Policy of those times, viz. great Alliance: He and Cecil Married two Sisters, Walsingham and Mildway two more, Knowls, Essex, and Leicester were also linked together. As for greatness, Sir Nicholas never affected it, giving for his Motto, Mediocria firma; nor was he so much for a large, as a good Estate. His House at Gorhambury in Hartfordshire was con∣venient, but not at all stately, which made the Queen tell him, when she call'd there in her Progress, that it was too little for his Lordship, to which he made this Answer, No, Ma∣dam, but Your Highness has made me too big for it. He was very corpulent in his old Age, to which the Queen alluding, us'd to say, Sir Nicholas's Soul lodgeth well. He died Anno 1578, leaving two Sons, Sir Edward Bacon the first Baronet of Eng∣land, and Sir Francis the Honour of his Age and Country.
• Bacon (Sir Francis) created Lord Verulam, and Viscount St. Albans by King James I. in 1620, and advanced by the same King to the Dignity of Lord High Chancellor of England, was a younger Son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, by his Lady Anne Cock. With this advantage of great Birth, he had a suitable Education, and such Natural Parts, as rais'd him to a greater Esteem in the World by his Knowledge, then he was in his own Country by the Honours and Dignities. He was born at York-House in the Strand in 1560. Queen Elizabeth took delight in his Witty Discourses, and admir'd him in his Childhood for his Witty Repartees. He was sent to Trinity Colledge in Cambridge at 16 years of Age, where he made such progress, that he soon became the admiration of the whole University. He quickly discover'd the Emptiness of Aristotle's Natural Philosophy, as fram'd for Disputations, and no ways tending to the benefit of Humane Life; and though he always spoke of that Author with praise, he per∣sisted in this Opinion all his Life time. After he had run through the whole course of Liberal Arts, he applied him∣self particularly to the Study of Politicks, to which his Genius led him. And when Sir Amias Paulet went Ambassa∣dor to the French Court, he was sent with him into France, where he was soon after employ'd Agent between the two Courts, till his Fathers death call'd him home to look after his own private Concerns. Then he grew a great Statesman, and was chosen the Queens Advocate at Thirty years of Age; His Generous and Affable Disposition procur'd him all Mens Love and Wonder. He instill'd wholesom Pre∣cepts of Prudence and Honour to Noblemen, found Princi∣ples of Arts and Sciences to the Learned, Noble Maxims of Government to Princes, Excellent Rules of Life to the Peo∣ple. His Port was stately, his Speech flowing and grave, his Religion was Rational and Sober, his Spirit publick, his Love tender to his Relations, and faithful to his Friends, Liberal to the Hopeful, Just to all Men, and Civil to his very Enemies. One fault he had, that he was above the Age he lived in, in his Bounties to such as brought him Pre∣sents, and over Indulgent to his Servants, whose rise prov'd his fall. How little he valued Wealth, appears in that when his Servants would take Money from his Closet, he would say, I poor Men that is their Portion. But he wanted at last what he was so careless of, if what is said be true, that he grew a Burden to Sir Julius Caesar, who kept him, and that the Lord Brook denied him small Beer; yet he had kept his Chancellors Place 19 years, and did not forfeit it by any offence against the King, but fell by the same hand that rais'd him, the then Duke of Buckingham. He died without Issue at Highgate in the Earl of Arundel's House, Ap. 9. 1626 in the 66th year of his Age, and was buried in St. Michael Church near St. Albans, where Sir Thomas Mute, formerly his Secretary, erected a Monument of white Marble to his Me∣mory, with an Epitaph compos'd by Sir Henry Wotton. It was said of him, that as Socrates brought Morality to Dis∣course, so did he Philosophy from Speculation to Experience. Sir Walter Rawleigh us'd to say, that the Earl of Salisbury was a good Orator, but bad Writer; the Earl of Northampton a good Writer, but bad Orator; and that Sir Francis Bacon ex∣cell'd in both. He left us these following Books. Historia Regni Henrici VII. de sapientia veterum. De bello sacro. De na∣turali & universali Philosophia, Historia ventorum. Historia vitae & mortis. De dignitate & augmentis scientiarum. Novum Or∣ganum scientiarum.
• * Bacon (Roger) an English Franciscan liv'd in the 13th Century, and for his extraordinary Parts and Learning was Sirnam'd Doctor Mirabilis. His great Skill in Mathematicks got him the name of Magician; insomuch that the General of his Order cited him to Rome, where he was imprisoned, but having clear'd himself of the Imputation, was sent back again into England, where he sent Pope Clement IV. several Pieces of his Invention. He died in 1284, leaving several Works, whereof some, still in Manuscript, are to be seen in Oxford and other Libraries. Pitseus.
• Bacori, The name of the great Witch which the People of Tanquin consult, besides their two Magicians Taybou and Tayphowthouy; When a Child dies, the Mother to learn the state of the parted Soul goes to this Bacoti, who takes a Drum and beats a Call to make that Soul appear before her, and tells the Mother she sees the Soul, which acquaints her of her good or evil Condition; but to please the Mother they gene∣rally say the Child is happy. Tavernier.
• Bacquian, or Bachian, Bachianum, one of the Molucco Islands in the East-Indian Sea. It's between Machian and Gilole, and belongs to the Hollanders. It abounds with Fruit, and is wa∣tered with several small Chanels.
• Bactria, an ancient Province of Persia between Margiana, Scythia, the Indies, and the Country of the Massagetes.
• Bactrians, an ancient Province of Persia, who according to Quintus Curtius were the best Soldiers in the World, but rough and brutal, and had nothing of the Politeness of the Persians. Some hold that they kept Dogs to devour such as became useless, either through their great Age, or long Sickness; And it's said that their Wives were well Appa∣relled, but were not Chaste. They were much addicted to Astrology, and their Zoroaster was supppos'd to be the Au∣thor of Magick.
• Bacu, Baruic, or Bachu, a Town of Persia in the Province of Servan, upon the Caspian Sea, great and famous for Traf∣fick. Near to it is a Spring of Black Oyl, which is used to burn throughout all Persia, it gives its name to the Caspian Sea. There is another of the same name in Arabia-Taelix.
• * Bacucen, Lat. Baduhennae Lucus, the name of a Village 3 Leagues W. from Groninghen, so call'd for the greatest Fo∣rest in Friesland, one of the United-Provinces, which the Common People call Seven-Walden, thence 7 Woods; Others will have it Coevarden, a strong Town of Over-Yssel in the borders of Westphalia, but the first Opinion obtains. This Forest is famous for a defeat of the Romans who lost 900 Men in the Skirmish. Tacitus, Baud. Hoffm.
• Bacurius, or Baturius, King of the Iberians, a People that lived towards Mont-Caucasus on the side of the Caspian Sea; he and his Subjects were converted about 327, in the Empe∣ror Constantine's time, who made him Governor of the Holy Land. A Christian Slave that was of his Court cured his Wife and Son, and so generously refused the Reward offered him, that his Vertue was much admired. This Prince being a Hunting, and having lost sight of his Retinue in a great Storm and sudden Darkness, made his Application to the

• God that his Slave believed in, with a Promise to adore him alone, if he delivered him from that Danger; he had hard∣ly finished this Vow, when the day cleared up, and the grateful Prince fulfilled his Promise, and became the Apo∣stle of his Country.
• Badai, People of the Desart Tartarie, who adore the Sun, or a piece of red Cloth, which they lift up in the Air.
• Badaiox, a Town of Spain, in the Kingdom of Leon, Suf∣fragan to the Bishoprick of Compostello. It is the Pax Augusta of the Ancients. The Moors gave it the present Name. It is Situated upon the River Gaudiana, well fortified, being the Bulwark of Spain against the Portuguese, who besieged it to no purpose in 1658. It has a Fort on the other side of the River, called St. Christopher's Fort. It's large and popu∣lous, built upon a Hill; Longitude 13 Deg. Latitude 38 Deg. 45 Min. It's 85 Miles North West of Seville, and 190 South West of Madrid. Plin. Marian.
• * Badara, a Kingdom of India on this side the Ganges, in the Calicut. Its principal Town is of the same Name, and stands in a Peninsula, six Leagues North from Calicut Baud.
• Bade, or Baden, Bada, and Thermae inferiores, a Town of Germany in Suabia, that bears the Title of Marquisate; it is famous for its Baths, being five Leagues off of Strasbourg, and eight of Spire. This Marquisate is upon the Rhine, be∣tween Brisgaw and the Dutchy of Wirtemberg. Its Marques∣ses are Princes of the Empire, and are of a Noble and Anci∣ent Family. The Baden Durlach Branch has two Voices in the Diet of the Empire, and in the Circle of Suabia; one for Durlach, and the other for Hochberg: These two Branches act by turns in all these Diets, as it was regulated in the Peace of Munster. This Noble Family of Baden derives its Ori∣ginal from the Duke of Zering Bartholdus I. being Father to Herman the Founder of this Family. It's divided into two Branches, Hochberg and Durlach, the former Popish, the other Protestants. The present Prince Lewis of Baden, who hath been General for the Emperor in Hungary, and obtained such great Victorys, is of the first Branch. This Town is Twen∣ty two Miles N. E. of Strasbourg, Thirty four S. of Spire, Forty N. W. of Thibungen.
• Bad••, or Baden, a Town in Swisserland, upon the River Limague, it is the Meeting-Place of the Cantons for their publick Concerns, and where foreign Ambassadors come. It's between Bale and Zurick, and is an ancient Town. It was called by the Romans Aquae Helveticae, in succeeding Ages it was called Castellum Thermarum, and Thermae Superiores; for its hot Baths, which are in great Repute. Tacitus says, that Cecinna, a Captain of Vitellius's Party, defeated near this Town an army of Swissers that adhered to Othon, An. C. 69. Bade is Capital of a County that bears the same Name, and is one of the Free Towns of Swisserland, which according to Simler, may be called Tributary, because they raise Soldiers at their proper Cost for the whole Republick. Though the Eight ancient Cantons are Soveraigns of it, nevertheless their Bailiff, who resides there, has no Power, because it governs it self by its own Laws, and chuses its Magistrates; the small Council consists of Twelve Persons, who manage the Town's Business, and examine all Civil and Criminal Processes and Suits. Their Great Council is of Forty, including the Twelve of the Little Council, and the Chief of these is called Avoyer. It was in this Town that the Cantons ordered the famous Conference to be held in 1526, upon the Difference of Religion between Faber, Eccius, Murnerus, and the Deputies of the Bishops of Constance, Basle, Coire and Lausanne on the one Side, and Oecolumpadius and his Companions on the other. This City is famous for the League the Cantons entred into in 1526, and for the General Diet of the Cantons held here in 1690; wherein they resolved on a Neutrality in reference to the War between the Confederates and France, and to se∣cure the Passage against the Bishoprick of Basle, and the Four Forest Towns, in which the French did pretend to take Win∣ter Quarters. This Town is Fourteen Miles N. W. of Zu∣rick, and Forty S. E. of Basil. Simler. de Rep. Helvet.
• Badegisse, Bishop of Mans, he was Steward to Childerick King of France, who got him made Bishop of that Place. He was married when he was chosen Bishop, and without quit∣ting his Wise, exercised his Function.
• Baden, a Town of Austria in Germany, belonging to the Emperor, stands Eighteen Miles S. of Vienna.
• * Badenoch, in Latin Badenacha, a Place in the North of Scotland, in the Province of Murray towards the Mountains and the small Province of Athol; it is a cold and barren Parcel of Ground, parted in two by the River Spey.
• * Badenwelier, a City in the Province of Brisgaw in Ger∣many, between Friburg and Basil, famous for its hot Baths. It's Fifteen Miles N. of Basil.
• Badillon, or Bodillon, a French Lord, who being stretched upon the Ground, and pitifully whipt by King Childerick the Second's Order, joyned himself to some other Great Men, who resented his ill Usage, and conspired to Murther the King; to execute which, they way-laid him as he was coming from Hunting, and Badillon himself killed him with his own Hand, together with his Son and the Queen Bile∣chide, then with Child.
• Baetica, one of the three Parts of Spain which the Romans divided into Tarraconensis, Baetica and Portugal. It derives its Name from the River Baetis, called New Gualdaquivir, and comprehended Andalusia, and a great Part of the Kingdom of Granada.
• * Baeza, in Latin Biatia, a City of Baetick in Spain, accord∣ing to Pliny, but now belonging to Andalusia, is a Bishop's See, Suffragant to Toledo; but in 1249, united to that of Jaena by Pope Innocent IV. It was taken from the Infidels by Ferdinand King of Castile, in 1227. It was formerly call∣ed Betica, is large, situate on a Mountain one League N. of the River Baetis, as much W. from Ubeda, and hath an Uni∣versity which was founded in 1538.
• Baffin, or Baffin's Bay, Sinus Baffini, a Gulf in the Ocean in the Southern Lands beyond America Septentrionalis; it was lately discovered by the English under one Baffin, who called it by his Name. Sanson, Du Val. Baudrand.
• Bagaia, Bagy or Vagai, a Town of Numidia in Africa; the Emperor Justinian named it Theodoria, because his Wife's Name was Theodora. Primianus a Donatist, Bishop of Carthage, held a Council here in the year 394, against the Deacon Maximian, whom he had excommunicated.
• Bagamedri, or Bagamidri, Bagamidriae Regnum, a Kingdom of Africa, in the higher Aethiopia or Abissinia: It has the Ri∣ver Nilus to the West of it, and is divided into Seventeen Provinces, whereof some make so many Kingdoms.
• Bagaudes, Peasants in Gaul, who revolted about the end of the Third Century, against the Romans; they were head∣ed by Amand and Elian, two experienced Men. Hercules Maximian, whom Dioclesian associated to the Empire after Carius's Death, overthrew these Bagaudes about 85 or 86. The Bagaudes of Spain, in the Neighbourhood of Terragene, revolted about 452, but were beaten the Year after by the Roman Troops and the Visi-goths, led by Frederick, Brother to their King Theodoricus.
• Bagder, or Bagdad, a Town of Asia upon the River Ty∣gris, and in the Province of Hurac or Yerac, where the anci∣ent Seleucci was. Bagdet joyns a Suburb by a Bridge of Boats, where, according to the Tradition of the Country. the Town was formerly built, which Situation destroys the Opinion of those that call it Babylon; for the ancient Babylon was on the Euphrates, whereas this is upon the Tigris, where Seleucia stood. The Arabians call it Dar-al-Sani, that is, the Place of Peace. It's three Miles in Circuit; its Walls are all Brick, Tarrassed in several Places, and defended with Towers, in Form of great Bastions, on which are Sixty Pie∣ces of Canon. The Grand Signior keeps a Garison of Five thousand Men in a Castle which stands in a Corner of the Town on the Water-side. The Basha is generally chosen among the Viziers: The Cadi or Judge does the Functions of a Mufti. There are Five Mosques in the Town, whereof Two are very sumptuous and remarkable for their Domes, co∣vered with Tiles varnished with different Colours. There are Ten Carvanseras, and several Bazars or Market-Places, all vaulted and covered over head to keep off the scorching Heat. Bagdet is much resorted to from all Sides, both for Com∣merce and Devotion, for all the Persians hold, that their Pro∣phet Ali lived there; and here dwell two sorts of Mahometans, whereof some observe Mahomet's Law, according to the Alco∣ran; the rest are a particular Sect, called Rafedis. The Chri∣stian Inhabitants are most Nestorians and Jacobites. There are also Jews and a great many more come thither every year to visit the Tomb of the Prophet Ezekiel, which is a Day and a halfs Journey hence. The Turks made themselves Masters of this Town in 1638, when the King of Persia was taken up in his War against the Mogul. Three Leagues off Bagdat, at an equal distance between the Euphrates and Tigris, are to be seen the Ruines of a Tower, called by the Country People, that of Nimrod or Babel. But what the Arabians say, seems more probable, viz. that it was Built by an Arabian Prince as a Beacon or Light-Tower, to assemble his Subjects upon any pressing Occasion. Its Basis is Three hundred Paces round, and is but Twenty Braces high, built of Bricks baked in the Sun, whereof each is Ten Inches square, and three thick. It's hard to determine what Form it had, because the Ruines lay so confused, yet there is more reason to think that it was square than round Taverniers Voyage.
• Baglioni, Astor, a Noble Venetian Governor, of the Castle of Famagouste, in the Isle of Cyprus, in 1570, and 1571, he killed the Turks three thousand Men, but was forced at last to capitulate, because the Republick of Venice were too slow in sending him Succor. Mustapha gave them honorable Con∣ditions, but being in Possession of the Town, he got him and Bragadin, Tiepoli, and several other Officers put in Irons, whom he afterwards caused to be Massacred in Baglion's sight, but reserved him for some more cruel Punishment.
• * Bagna, a Town in the Kingdom of Servia, Subject to the Turks, Forty four Miles from Nissa, and Eighteen from Uscopia.
• Bagnarea, a Town of Italy, in the Country of Orvieto; in the Church State, with a Bishoprick depending immedi∣ately on the Holy See. It's the Balneum Regis, or Balneo-Re∣gum 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• Balance, in Latin Libra, a Name given to one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack, which consists of eight Stars, that resemble a Ballance. The Sun enters this Sign in Sep∣tember, the Autumnal Aequinox, which is perhaps the Reason that this Constellation is called Ballance, because the Days and Nights are as it were in aequilibrium; whence the Poets say, that it is the Balance of Astrea, Goddess of Justice, who in the Iron Age, quitted the Earth, and withdrew to Hea∣ven. Hesiod.
• Balanos, King of the Gauls, who lived 165 years before Christ; T. Lucius says, that he sent Embassadors to the Ro∣mans to assure them of great Succours against Perseus King of Macedonia, which the Senate took so kindly, that they presented him with a golden Chain, and with a Cup of Gold that weighed two Pound; they sent him also very fine Arms, and a Horse richly Caparison'd. Tit. Liv.
• * Basacon, Lat. Volccae, by the Germans called Flatzee, a great Lake in the West of the Lower Hungary, about thirty Miles long from North West to South West, but not above six in breadth. It is bounded by Alba Regalis on the East, Canisa on th•• West, and V••spim on the South. Baudr.
• Bal••asire, upon the River of Cinga, in Latin Barbastrum, Ba••••astrum, and according to some Belgida. It is a Town of Arragon in Spain, which has a Bishoprick Suffragant of Sa••••gossa. This Town was taken from the Moors by Sur∣p••is••, in the Reign of Peter, first King of Aragon of that Name, about 1101. It is fifty Miles East of Saragossa, and thirty eight North West of Balaguer.
• * Bal••er, Lat. Heliopoli, or Cesarca Philippi, a City at the foot of Mount Lebanon, at first a Bishop's See, afterwards a Metropolitan Subject to the Patriarch of Antioch. It is surrounded with high Hills, and about thirty two Miles distant from Damascus, Tripoli and Abyla. Baudr.
• Bal••inus, (Deciv••••s Caelius) Emperor, of a Noble Family, which he himself, by his proper Merit, raised to great Riches, was Governor of Asia, Africa, Bithynia, &c. and was chosen Consul the second time in 227. Julius Capitolinus says, that Balbinus was much esteemed for his Eloquence, he was one of the best Poets of his time: He and Papienus were cho∣sen to oppose the Maximian Faction, after the Death of the Gordiens, and they were both proclaimed Emperors a little after. Papienus took the Field, and Balbinus stay'd in Rom••, where the People liked his Conduct very well. Papi∣enus proving cruel, he and his Son were Massacred by the Soldiers, and Maximus was received at Rome in a kind of Tri∣umph, and put in his Place. Balbinus was very ill pleased with this, though he durst not shew it. But at length the Soldiers not liking Emperors that were chosen by the Senate, and observing that there was no good Understanding between them, they managed this Opportunity to destroy both, for upon a Day that the Plays of the Capitol were celebrated with great Magnificence, both the Emperors staying in the Palace with a slight Guard, the Soldiers forced the Gates, and slew both in 237. Herodian.
• Basderic, or Baldric, Bishop of Utrecht, was Son to Lud∣ger the Tenth, Count of Cl••ves, and Brother to Count Bald∣win, he succeeded Radbode in 917, went gloriously through several Enterprises. He drove the Danes away, added to the Fortifications of Utrecht, and Re-built the Cathedral of St. Martin. In 966 he went into Italy to the Emperor Otho the First, and obtained the Priviledge of Coining both Gold and Silver, with a Confirmation of the Collegiate Church of Tiel in Guelderland. He ruled Utrecht 59 Years, and died in 977. Joan. de Beka.
• Baldi, or (Baldo Bernardum) Abbot of Guastallo, Born at Urbin in 1553. He writ divers Treatises of Mathematicks, 1. De Tormentis Bellicis & corum inventoribus. 2. Commentaria in M••chanica Aristotelis. 3. De Verborum Vitruvii significationi∣onibus. 4. De Camillis imparibus Vitruvii. 5. Novae Gnomo∣nice••, Lib. V. 6. Horographium universale de firmamento & a∣q••is. Paradoxa mathematica. Templi Ezechielis descriptio, Vitae Mathematicorum.
• * Baldock, a Market Tow of Broadwater Hundred, in the North of Hartfordshire, 30 Miles from London.
• Baldric, Native of Orleance, or, as some will have it, of Me∣hun, a small Town upon the River Loire, lived in the Twelfth Age. He was made Abbot of Bourgu••uil in 1089, and after∣wards Bishop of Dol in Britany in 1114. He ruled his Church 22 years and 44 days, and assisted at several Councils, and composed the History of the War of the Holy Land in four Books, which contained all the remarkable things that hap∣pened from the beginning of that War, to the taking of Je∣rusalem by Godfrey of Boüillon in 1099. He writ two other Historical Books in Prose and Verse.
• Baldwin, or Bandonni (Francis) a Lawyer of a Noble Fa∣mily of Arras, where his Father was Counsellor, and the King's first Advocate; he came to France, and became very intimate with Cajas, Bude de Baïf, with Charles du Moulin, and several other Learned Men of those Times. He taught the Laws seven years at Bourges, and afterwards at Strasbourg, Heidelberg, and other Places; he had the Curiosity to see Calvin and the rest of the Chief Learned Protestants; and it's said he inclined that way, and Anthony of Bourbon, King of ••avarre, had a great Esteem for this Baldwin, and accepted very kindly the Institutions of History that he Dedicated to him, and made him Governor and Companion to his Natu∣ral Son Charles, who died Arch-Bishop of Rouen, and sent him to be his Envoy at the Council of Trent, where he was when that Prince was kill'd at the Siege of Rouen in 1562. His Death ruin'd Baldwin's Fortune, and checked his Hopes, who being uneasie in the University of Doway, and B sançon, whether he was invited, he came back to Paris. He was much esteemed by those that had seen his Works, but much more by them that were acquainted with his Person, his Elo∣quence and Knowledge in History, and in all the Transacti∣ons of his Time, made him be much admired whenever he spoke in publick; and its assured by many, that when he taught in Paris, there came Bishops, Counsellors, and seve∣ral other Persons of Quality and Learning to hear him. Henry the Third, then but King of Poland, took such a Lik∣ing to his Character, that he sent for him from Angers, where he taught, and made him Counsellor of State: He di∣ed of a burning Fevor the 24th of October 1573. He left us these following Treatises, 1. Leges de re Rustica. 2. Nov••lla constitutio prima. 3. De Haeredibus & Lege falcidia. 4. Pro legomena de Jure Civili. 5. Commentarii in 4. Lib. institut. 6. Commentarii ad leges Romuli & 12. Tabularum. And Pub∣lished several other Books of History, Controversie, &c. Pa∣pire Masson, St: Marth.
• Baldwin, Sirnamed Devonius, Arch-bishop of Canterbury, lived in the Twelfth Century, and owed his Rise to his Ver∣tue; he was born in Exeter in Devonshire, whence his Sirname Devonius; he was Charitable, Good, and Patient to an Ex∣cess, which made Urban the Third write to him in these Terms, Urbanus servus servorum Dei Monaco ferventissimo, Ab∣bati calido, Episcopo tepido, Archiepiscopo remisso salutem. This Prelate followed Richard the First in his Voyage to the Holy Land, and ended his days when they were before Acre. He writ several Books, 1. De Corpore & sanguine domini. 2. De Sacramento altaris. 3. De Sacramentis Ecclesiae. 4. De Com∣mendatione fidei. Pits••us * Goodwin.
• Baldwin (William) an English man; he lived in 1550, and writ several Learned Works. De Adagiorum usu. De simi∣litudinibus & proverbiis vitae. Et responsa Philosophorum, &c.
• Baldwin, See Baudovin.
• Bale, or Baleus (John) an English Man, born in Suffolk, he took Habit at Norwich, in the Monastery of the Carmelites; he studied in Cambridge, and afterward was made Priest, but married publickly in Yorkshire, where he was much admired, untill Edward Lee, who succeeded Cardinal Wolsey in the Arch-bishoprick of York, in 1531, got him taken up, and having sent him thence, he was secured in London by Order from John Stocks, then Bishop of that City. But Cromwel, whom Henry the Eighth had made Vicar, set him at Liber∣ty. His Protector died a little after, and Bale left England, and did not return again untill King Edward the Sixth's Time in 1547; then, by the help of Friends, he got a Grant of the Bishoprick of Ossory and Kilkenny in Ireland, where he lived to Queen Mary's Time, and then fled to Basil, from whence he returned again in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, and died a little after, being 67 years old.
• Bale, or Baleus (Robert) called the Ancient, a Lawyer of London, lived about 1460, and was in great Esteem for his Skill in the Law and History; he writ the Chronology of London. A Treatise of its Liberties, and its Consuls. And the History of Edward the Third.
• Baleares, Islands of the Mediterranean Sea, near the Coast of Valencia in Spain, known now by the Names of Majorca and Minorca. The first, which is towards the East, is 120 Miles in circuit; its principal Towns in old time were Pal∣ma and Pollentia, now Majorca and Puglienza. The other is less by the half. This Name is derived from the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies to Dart or Throw, because the In∣habitants of these Islands were very expert at the Dart and Sling. Florus says, they accustomed their Children to these Exercises from their very Infancy, and that a Child was not to have his Breakfast untill he did beat it down from some high Place where the Mother put it. They lived in Dens under Ground, and wore Skins, as a Defence from Cold in Winter, and in Summer they went quite naked. They us∣ed to rub themselves all over with an Ointment made of a certain Gum and Hogs Grease; they did not know what Gold or Silver was; they were very greedy of Wine, though they had none in their Island. As for their Women, when they Married, they lay first with all their own Kindred, before they came to Bed to their Husbands. When they listed themselves for the Army, they required no other Pay but Women and Wine, and did freely give four Men in exchange for one Woman. They did not burn their Dead, but beat their Bodies to pieces with Sticks, and put them into Urns, which they cover'd with Stones. When they went to the War, they carried no other Arms but a Dart and three Slings, whereof they carried one in their Hand, hung another about their Necks, and girded themselves with the third. Pliny, in his 8th Book, Chap. 55. says, that in former times there was such a prodigious Number of Rabbits in this Island, that the Inhabitants were forced to beg Help of Augustus to clear their Land of them. Alphonsus of Aragon

• made himself Master of these Islands in 1344, and killed his Kinsman, who was Sovereign of it, in Battle. Mariana.
• Baleus the I. Surnamed Xerxes, succeeded his Father Ara∣lius in the Kingdom of Assyria, An. M. 2111. He was a War∣like Prince, and made great Conquests in Syria and the Indies, which got him the Surname of Xerxes, which signifies Con∣queror, or Triumpher: He Died An. M. 2140, when he had Reigned 30 Years.
• Bali, an Island of the East Indian Sea, on the Coast of Java, from which it is separated by the Channel of Balam∣buam. It's not above 40 Leagues in Circuit, but well In∣habited: The Men there having many Wives, so that be∣sides the great numbers Sold thence, its reckon'd to nourish 600000: It has abundance of Cattle, Game, and Corn; As also whole Forests of Citron and Orange Trees; and a great quantity of Corn. There are also Gold Mines, but the King will not suffer them to be dug, least it might entice his Neighbours to come for a share. The Inhabitants are Pagans, and Adore what they first meet with in the Morning, as they go out of their Houses. They Trade but very little, though all the Ships that Sail from the Firm Land to the Molucco Islands go just by them, and take in fresh Water, and Provisions there, which are Sold them very cheap. The Capital, which gives the Island its Name, is a very fine Town, where the King has a Magnificent Palace; He is seldom seen, and People Address themselves to his Minister of State, whom they call Quillor; Under this Mi∣nister are several Governors of Provinces. The Common Sort of People have a great Love and Honour for their King, and Couragiously resist those that endeavour to disturb the publick Tranquillity. Mandeslo. Voyage des Indies.
• * Baliol, (John) after the Death of Alexander King of Scot∣land, in 1285, without any other Heirs, save a Grand-Daughter, who Died before Marriage, was Competitor with Robert Bruce for the Crown of Scotland. The Controversie betwixt them being intricate, and both Factions too power∣ful to have it decided at home, the States chose Edward the First of England to be Umpire, not doubting of his Fidelity, because of his Relation to their late King, and the Obliga∣tion put upon him by the Scots, in Consenting to Marry the above-mentioned Heiress to his Son; whereupon coming to Berwick he Summoned the Nobility to appear before him, Protesting, That he did not Cite them as Subjects before their Sovereign, but as before an Arbitrator chosen by them∣selves; and having taken the Oaths of all Parties to stand to his Award, he chose Twelve English, and as many Scots, of the most Prudent of all the States, and oblig'd them by Oath to determine according to their Consciences, which fair proceedure was very taking with the People; But to carry on his own Designs, he stir'd up more Competitors privately; and having sent for the ablest Lawyers in France, and propounded a false State of the Case, they devolv'd the Supream Power of Judging upon him, which rendred the matter more Intricate, so that the Meeting Adjourn'd until the following year; when being Conven'd again, the Crown was adjudg'd to Baliol; whereupon Edward, before Sentence was publish'd, sent for Bruce, and promis'd him the Crown if he would Subject himself to the King of England, which he generously refused; Then sending for Baliol he basely submitted to his Proposals, and Six Years Nine Months after the Death of Alexander, was Crown'd at Scone, where all except Bruce Swore Fealty to him. Being thus Enthron'd, he went to Edward, who was at Newcastle upon Tine, and there, with such of the Nobility as followed him, Swore Fealty to the said King Edward; at which the rest of the Nobles were extreamly enrag'd, but had not force enough to make a Rupture with the two Kings; But not long after, Macduff Earl of Fife, being wrong'd in Judgment by Baliol, Appeal'd to King Edward, so that the Cause being removed to London, and Baliol casually sitting by Edward in the Parliament House when it came to be mov'd, he was denied the Privilege of Answering by a Proctor, and forc'd to rise from his Seat, and answer at the Bar; whereat he was so incens'd, that he thenceforth sought how to Reconcile himself with his Sub∣jects, and break with King Edward; and a convenient op∣portunity happen'd by a War betwixt England and France; whereupon Ambassadors were sent to the Parliament of Scotland from both Nations. The French desir'd a Renova∣tion of the ancient League with the new King, and the English demanded Assistance against France according to their new Submission. The Parliament answer'd, That the Request of the French was Just, as being agreeable to a League made by Universal Consent above 500 years before, and inviolably kept; but that this Surrender to the English was Extorted from their King, and if it had been voluntary, was not Binding, their Kings having no Power to act any thing relating to the publick, without the advice of the States: Whereupon Ambassadors were sent to renew the League with France, and demand a Wife of the Royal Blood for the King's Son; and others were sent into England to signifie, That Baliol Revok'd the Surrender of himself and the King∣dom, which had been Extorted from him. Edward in the mean time making a Truce with the French, sent his Fleet, design'd for France, against Scotland, ordering 'em to block up Berwick by Sea; but the Scots fought his Fleet at the Mouth of the River, took 18 Ships, and put the rest to Flight. Edward being thereupon enrag'd, levied a great Army, march'd to Newcastle upon Tine, and once more Sum∣moned Baliol to come and answer to what was laid to his Charge; but finding this did not take effect, he sent for Bruce, and offer'd to set him on the Throne if he would help to drive Baliol out; to which Bruce agreed, so that Edward advancing, Besieged Berwick, but dispairing to take it by Force, compassed it by Stratagem. In Raising the Siege, and informing the Town by Bruce's Party, That he did so be∣cause Baliol was at Hand to relieve it, the unwary Officers and Promiscuous Multitude issuing out of the Town to receive their King, as they suppos'd, were immediately sur∣priz'd by a Body of English Horse, who trod them down, and seizing the Gate, King Edward enter'd with his Foot, and slew 7000 Men, among whom were the Chief Nobility of Lothian and Fife; and a little time after the Castle Surren∣ding he march'd forward to Dunbar, where encountring the Scots under Baliol, he defeated 'em after a sharp Fight, Bruce's Friends according to Agreement having withdrawn in time of Battle. But notwithstanding when Bruce demanded to be set upon the Throne according to Promise, he was an∣swer'd by Edward, What have I nothing else to do but to Conquer Kingdoms for you. The Castle of Dunbar, whither many of the Nobility had fled was Surrendred soon after, and the Prisoners cruelly used by Edward. Those of Edinborough and Sterling having also yielded, he pursued Baliol as far as Mon∣tross, whereby the Persuasion of Cummin of Strabogi he made a new Surrender of himself and Kingdom, and was thence sent Prisoner to England by Sea; and Edward returning to Berwick Summon'd the Scotch Nobility to come thither, where he compell'd 'em to Swear Fealty; but William Lord Duglass refusing it stoutly, was cast into Prison, where he Died. Edward having thus Succeeded, made John Warren Earl of Surrey, Governor of the Kingdom, and return'd for London. Baliol a little while after was on the Popes Solici∣tation, and his own Promise, to raise no Disturbance in Scotland, Releas'd, and sent into France, his Son Edward be∣ing retain'd as an Hostage. After this, Edward being absent in the French War, and the Scots resolv'd to recover their Liberty, (they chose Twelve Men to Govern the State,) and under Conduct of John Cumin Earl of Buchan, Invaded Nor∣thumberland, and Besieged Carlisle, but could not take it. This Expedition did somewhat Encourage, but tended little to the Freedom of Scotland, whose strongest Forts were Ga∣rison'd by the English: However, in this desperate State of Affairs, William Wallace, of whom in his proper place, rose up to be their Deliverer, and having been successful in seve∣ral Expeditions his followers proclaim'd him Regent. After which he took many of the English Garisons, overthrew them in a great Battle at Sterling-Bridge, and in a short time made so great a Change, that he quite expell'd 'em the King∣dom; This Battle happen'd in 1297. The Country being Untill'd during these Confusions, a Famine and Pestilence ensued, to prevent the direful Effects of which, Wallace ha∣ving gather'd together all that were able to bear Arms, end entring England, liv'd at Discretion from the latter end of October to the beginning of February, returning home with great Riches and Renown, none having dar'd to offer him Battle: Upon which, Edward return'd from France, march'd against Wallace, who met him in Stanmore and ob∣lig'd him to retire without daring to Fight. Wallace's Suc∣cess Created him many Enemies among those that were Su∣periour to him in Riches and Quality, who accus'd him of Aspiring to the Crown, and thereupon rais'd Factions against him; which Edward understanding, he enter'd Scotland next year with a powerful Army, and gave the Scots a great overthrow at Falkirk, within 6 miles of Sterling, though they were 30000 strong; Their Generals, Cumin, Stuart, and Wallace, falling out about leading the Van, just as the English advanced, the two former Envying the Glory of the latter, who was mightily griev'd when he found himself also charg'd by Bruce in the Rear, yet he made an honorable Retreat; and Bruce being Charm'd with his Valour and Conduct, desir'd a Conference with him, which he agreed to on the Banks of the River Carron, and endeavour'd to persuade Bruce, who charg'd him with aiming at the Crown, that he had no other Design but to defend his Country, deserted by him his Lawful Prince, and exposed to the Butchery of a cruel Enemy; This happen'd July the 22d, 1298. The Scotch lost 10000 Men in this Battle. Cumin with his Body having re∣tir'd without Fighting, some of the Chief of the Nobility being Slain, amongst whom was John Graham, the greatest Captain next to Wallace for Valour and Conduct; Wallace dis∣miss'd his Army, and never acted more as General, though he did many considerable Services afterwards against the English with his own Friends. Edward having wasted the Country as far as Perth, return'd with his Army; And those of the Scots, who Asserted their Liberty, chose John Cumin for their Regent, who by the French Kings Mediation ob∣tain'd a Truce; But Edward having committed the Ambassa∣dors which the Scots sent to Pope Boniface VIII. they re∣solv'd to Fight it to the last, and expell'd all the English

• Governors and Garisons; upon which Edward sent a great Force against them under Ralph Confrey, who advancing as far as Ros••in, within five miles of Edinburgh, divided his Army into three Bodies, to lay the Countrey desolate; Cumin ha∣ving got together about 8000 Men, with the assistance of John Frazer, attack'd one of their Camps, which he forc'd, and in a little time after obtain'd a Bloody Victory over the 2d; but was mightily astonish'd at the advance of the 3d, his Men being weary, and many of them wounded: But the Captains having encouraged their Men, with the remem∣brance of their double Victory, they begun again with a great deal of Courage; and after a long and bloody dispute, put the Enemy to flight, February the 24th 1302. Edward being incens'd that his three Armies were beat by one, on the same day, Levied a greater force than he had ever done before; and attacking Scotland by Sea and Land, ravag'd the whole Country, and calling an Assembly of the States at St. Andrews, most of them swore fealty to him, except Wallace and his adherents. Edward courted him by great promises; but his constant Answer was, That He had devoted his Life to his Country; and if he could do it no other service, would die in its d••f••nce: But fearing to be given up by the Nobility who Envied his Honour, he retir'd to his old fastnesses. Edward appointed Governors and Magistrates all over the Kingdom, setled all things in Church and State according to the man∣ner of England, and endeavour'd to abolish the very name of Scots, destroying and carrying away all their own and the Roman Monuments and Records; and taking with him all those from whom he fear'd any new trouble; and not only so, but transported into England all their Learned Men and Books, and among other things the Marble Chair, in which the vul∣gar believ'd the fate of the Kingdom did consist. At his return to England he left Ailmer Valentin as Vice-Roy to sup∣press all disturbances in the Bud; and the invincible Cham∣pion Wallace being betray'd into his hands, by one Monteith whom he had brib'd, was ingloriously Hang'd and Quarter'd at London; so that Edward promis'd himself a perpetual Peace from Scotland; but found his mistake when Bruce begun his War: Of whom in his own place. Buchanan.
• * Baliol Edward, Son to John Baliol above mention'd, be∣ing stir'd up by one Twine an English Fugitive, who had fled from Justice in Scotland, where he had an Estate, did, with the assistance of the K. of England, invade Scotland in the mi∣nority of David Bruce, and having defeated his Army near Perth, in a little time became so powerful, that being joyn'd with the remains of his Father's Faction, he was de∣clar'd King, and entred on the Kingdom in 1332. In the mean time Bruce's Friends having convey'd him and his Wife safe to his Father's Friend, Philip K. of France, they chose Andrew Murray, Son of the Sister of Robert Bruce, Re∣gent, and dispatch'd Messengers to all parts of the Country, to confirm their old Friends, and excite the rest to revenge; whereupon Bruce's Party took Perth after three months siege: But Baliol's success having rendred him secure, Archibald Ld. Douglas, and Douglas E. of Lidesdale, surpriz'd him in the Night, routed his Army, and kill'd the chief of his and the English Faction, December 25. 1332. After this they declar'd War against England, and sent to visit their K. in France, and demand succours of that Crown; but a little after Douglas of Lidesdale being defeated and taken by the English, who espou∣sed Baliol's Cause, Bruce's interest declin'd; and as a Cause of War, the English pretended that the Scots with-held Barwick from 'em; but they answer'd the English Ambassadors, That their K. himself, by advice of his Parliament, had renoun∣ced all pretensions of right to the Kingdom of Scotland in general, and to that Town in particular: However he lay'd Siege to the Town, which was Valiantly defended by Sir Alexander Seaton, until want of Provisions constrain'd 'em to capitulate; That if he was not reliev'd by the 30th of July, he should surrender, upon which he gave his eldest Son as Hostage. The Scots in the mean time call'd a Parliament, and the Regent being taken Prisoner not long before, chose Archibald Douglas their General, ordering him to invade Eng∣land, and so oblige K. Edw. to raise the Siege; but as he was on his March, he received the news of the Capitulation, which mov'd him, contrary to the advice of his best Offi∣cers, to make head against the English, who were advantage∣ously encamp'd on a Hill above the Town. The K. of Eng∣land perceiving their approach, tho' the day was not come, sent to demand an immediate surrender, threatning, if de∣nied, to Hang the Governor's Son, his Hostage, and for that end erected a Gibet in sight of the Town. The Governor answer'd, That the time was not expir'd, and that both were oblig'd by Oath to observe the Capitulation; but perceiving his eldest Son led to execution, as also his Brother who was taken in a Sally, he was extreamly perplex'd, being toss'd betwixt Fatherly Affection, and Duty to his Countrey; his Wife per∣ceiving it did, with a manly Courage, exhort him to prefer the latter, tho' she her self was Mother to the two young Gentlemen; and so they withdrew, that they might not be∣hold that dismal Spectacle: Which did so much enflame the Earl Douglas, that he Charg'd furiously up the Hill Ar∣to force the English Camp, whilst they hurl'd Stones and Darts so thick, that they wounded and disorder'd his Men before they came to a close fight; so that they tumbled in multitudes from the Precipices, and by his rashness they were entirely defeated, and lost about 14000 Men, amongst whom was the General himself, with most of the Nobility of Bruce's Party. This is that famous Battel of Halidon-Hill, which happen'd on St. Mary Magdelen's day, in 1333. a little after which the Town and Castle surrendred. Edward ha∣ving stay'd a few days, left Baliol to carry on the War, with the assistance of Edward Talbot, a Noble and Gallant Com∣mander. The remains of Bruce's Party retir'd to fastnesses and Garisons; the next year Ambassadors came from the Pope and French K. to mediate a Peace, and put an end to those Controversies; but Edward being puffed up with success refus'd to admit 'em, thinking now that the strength of the Scots was utterly broke: But not long after dissentions arising among the English themselves, particularly the Mou∣bries, about Lands in Scotland, and also betwixt Baliol and the Nobles of his Faction, who joyn'd with Andrew Murray, Re∣gent for Bruce, they broke out into a new War, and were successful in some small enterprizes. Upon this the English invaded them afresh, with a mighty force both by Sea and Land; but their Fleet suffered much by a Tempest. The Land Army entred as far as Glasgow, and Bruce's Party not being able to make head against them, retired again to their fastnesses; whereupon Edward Assembled a Council of his own Faction, took Baliol with him for England, and left David Cumin, E. of Athol, as Viceroy. A little after, Robert Stuart, and Calen Campbel E. of Argile, surpriz'd the English at Dunoon, cut off such Forces as came to oppose them, and constituted new Regents for Bruce, and Cummin the Viceroy being reduced, did also swear fealty to him; but did trea∣cherously joyn with K. Edward, who in a little time after Invaded Scotland again. Bruce's Party were not strong enough to give Battel to the English and Baliol's Faction, the Regent Stuart being sick, and John of the Isles having set up for himself; so that Randolph the conjunct Regent, being as∣sisted by Douglas of Liddisdale and Ramsay, March'd toward Edinburgh, and near unto it defeated a strong Army of Gel∣derlanders who were coming to the assistance of the English; but Randolph was unhappily afterward taken in an Ambush, and carried to K. Edward of England, then besieging St. John∣ston: But the English Fleet having suffer'd much by a Storm, he return'd for England, and appointed Cumin Vice-Roy a∣gain, who, with the assistance of the Douglasses, was soon af∣ter routed, and kill'd by the Brussians, who chose Andrew Murray for Regent; he in a little time laid siege to a Castle of Cumins, which the English Relieved, and wasting the North of Scotland with Fire and Sword, they left Edward Baliol then to manage the War, and return'd home. Bruce's Party, tho' brought very low, besieged and took an English Garison, and in a little time reduced most of the Countrey beyond the Forth. Next year, being 1337. the English, under the Earls of Salisbury and Arundel, besieged the Castle of Dumbar for six months, but in vain; and Bruce's Party defeated two English Armies Commanded by Monfort and Talbot; so that in a little time, the English were almost totally Expelled the Kingdom: But the Brave Regent Murray dying, Stuart was chosen in his place, who was very successful in his attempts against the English and their adherents; and was so extream diligent, that tho' he had been worsted five times in one day, in small Parties, by one Abernethy, he pursued him till he slew all his Men, and took himself at night. He Sailed over to France, to acquaint K. David Bruce with the State of Affairs; and at his return, which was in 1339, he Levied an Army, and by the assistance of Douglas, reduced Perth and Edinburgh Castle, which was still held out by the English; after which, Alexander Ramsay, at that time the greatest Sol∣dier in Scotland, invaded England with an Army, and being attack'd by a much greater Force as he was returning laden with Spoil, he defeated them; after which he took the Ca∣stle of Roxborough from the English, March 30. 1342. On the 2d of July that same year, K. David Bruce return'd from France after nine years absence, when his affairs were at a ve∣ry low ebb, in regard of the three years Truce made betwixt England and France; and that the Valiant Edward 3d pre∣pared to invade Scotland with 40000 Foot, 6000 Horse, and a numerous Fleet, which Sail'd in November, but were so broken by Storms, that they were rendred useless: He ad∣vanced with his Army to New-Castle, whether the Scots sent Ambassadors to obtain a pacification for some Months, on Condition, That if K. David did not arrive in such a time, they would become Subjects to the K. of England; but K. David had set Sail before hand. At his arrival he found his Party grievously divided amongst themselves about Meum and Tuum; but having composed these differences, declared War against England, which he Invaded three times, without do∣ing any thing considerable, besides wasting the Countrey. After this, a Truce was concluded for two years; but the English having defeated the French, and besieged Calais, the French K. prevail'd with David K. of Scots to invade England, contrary to the mind of the Nobility; and just as he was Le∣vying his Army, the E. of Ross laid an Ambush for Reginald of the Isles, and slew him with seven other Noblemen, which divided the Kingdom into new Factions; however the King

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• persisted in his design, and entring as far as Durham, destroy∣ed the North of England, where part of the English Army be∣ing returned from Calais, he was defeated, most of his No∣bility being slain, and himself taken by John Copland, two of whose Teeth he struck out with his Fist, tho' he was grie∣vously wounded by two Arrows, and disarm'd; upon this, abundance of Castles in the South of Scotland were surren∣dred to the English, with the two bordering Counties, and the Scots obliged to quit their claim to all the Lands which they held in England; and at the same time Baliol harass'd those Counties which oppos'd him with Fire and Sword: And to all those Calamities succeeded a Pestilence, and mu∣tual Wars amongst the Highland Clans, &c. which together consum'd one third of the people: However Douglas took Courage, and with his Friends expelled the English from his own possessions, and reduced great part of the South of Scot∣land. In the mean time John K. of France sent a Noble Em∣bassy to Scotland, desiring that they would not make Peace with England without his consent; and for that end, sent them some Money, which the Nobility divided among them, and attack'd and carried Barwick, &c. which obliged Edw. to enter Scotland again with a powerful Army. Baliol his Vassal, met him at Roxburgh, where he made a new surren∣der of himself and the Kingdom, and in an unnatural man∣ner incensed him against his Countrey, because they would not own him as King. Edward, according to his desire, in∣tended so to break the Scots, that they should never more be able to Revolt; but his Fleet being shattered by a Tempest, he was forced to return for want of Provisions, after having laid waste some part of the Countrey. And Douglas, &c. upon his departure, drove the English out of three Counties. About the same time the French K. being also taken by the English, the Scots sent to treat about the Redemption of theirs, which was obtain'd, the Pope granting the Tenths of the Benefices for three years toward it; after which, Baliol's Claim to the Crown expired, and David returned; of whom in his pro∣per place. Buchanan.
• * Balk, a City in the Usbeg Tartary, seated on the River Ji∣hun, in the Confines of the Province of Chorasun, in the King∣dom of Persia, between Samerhand to the N W. and Canda∣bar to the S E. This City is under a particular Kan, who in the time of Cha-jehan, prevailing against the Kan of Samarhand, the latter called in the Indians to assist him under Aureng-Zeb; This Prince would have taken Balk, had not the two Kans foreseen the Consequence, and clapped up a Peace, and for∣ced him to retreat.
• * ••••••••ar, Lat. Ilaemus, call'd by the Sclavonians, Cumoniza; the Italians, Costegnazzo, or La Catena del Mondo, The Chain of the World; and by Laonicus, Prasovo: It is the greatest Moun∣tain of Thracia, and devides it from the Lower Maesia. It lies E. and W. and terminates at the City of Mesembria. It is so high, that the Black-Sea may be seen from the top of it. It gives source also to the Rivers Hebrus now called Marira, which runs by Adrianople, and Stromona. Baudr.
• * Ballicora, a small Borough Town of Munster in the S. of Ireland; it lies in the County of Cork, 14 miles W. of Cloyne.
• * Ballimore, a Town of Leinster in Ireland, which the Irish in their late Rebellion took great care to fortify; It is wholly surrounded with a Marsh, and when our Forces at∣tack'd it in June 1691. the Causey that led unto it was de∣fended by an old Castle, before the Gate whereof were three small Forts to secure it. The middle Fort was Regular, with a Mote 20 Foot wide, and 10 deep, about it; and had within it some Huts, inhabited by poor people. The 17th about Noon it was invested, and several Batteries being rais'd for the Attacks, the Governor was summon'd to surrender; but he refusing, we play'd upon the place with our Cannon and Mortars, and having made sufficient Breaches, the Pon∣tons for passing the Morass, and all other things for an As∣sault being in a readiness, the Garison surrendred at discre∣tion: It consisted of 830 Disciplin'd Men, and 250 Rap∣peries.
• * Ballinasloe, a little Town of Connaught in Ireland; it lies on the River Suc, in the Province of Roscommon, about 10 miles South West of Athlone, in the Road from thence to Galloway, noted for the incampment of our Forces before the Battel of Aghrim, June 1691.
• * Ballinekil, a Borough Town of Leinster in Ireland, in the Queens County 10 miles from Kilkenny, and 8 S. of Marisborough.
• Ballinga••arrigy, a Castle in the County of Cavan in Ire∣land, which was Garison'd by 200 Irish, and naturally so strong, that it was thought impossible to take it without Can∣non; yet when Collonel Wolsley came before it, the Irish sur∣rendred after small resistance, May 13. 1690.
• * Ballishannon, a Sea Town in the North of Ireland, and County of Dunnagall on the Western Coast, 8 miles S. of Dunnagall Town; it has a good Haven at the mouth of the River.
• Ballorinus, King of Sidon in Phenicia, was but a single Soldier, raised to that Dignity by Alexander the Great, for some considerable Service he did to his Favourite Ephestion. Q. Curtius.
• Balouseau, (James) who went by the name of the Baron of St. Angel, was an Attorney of the Parliament of Bourdeaux, who spent all his Father left him, run in Debt, and became one of the greatest Cheats that ever was heard of: He had four Wives in several places all at one time, cheated the French King, the Marquess of Spinola, and the King of Eng∣land; his Tricks were all discover'd at last, and he was Hang'd at Paris in 1626.
• Balsa••, is a small spot of Ground in Angoumois in France, upon the River Charente, and it was from this place that the Family of the Guez, allied to so many Noble Families, took the name of Balzac. John Lewis Guez, Sieur of Balzac, well known in this Age for his great Eloquence, was of Angou∣lesme, he lived with Cardinal Valette, whilst his Father was with the Duke of Espernon; this brought him acquainted at Court, where he was so much looked upon by Cardinal Richelieu, that he honoured him with his Letters. The re∣pute he had of being the Eloquentest Man in France, created him some Enemies, as appears by the difference he had in 1627. with Father Goulu chief of the F••üllans, and others: He died in the year 1654. The several Editions of his Books are now in two Volumes in Fol.
• Balsamon (Theodore) a Deacon, and then Keeper of the Decrees and Charters of the Church of Constantinople, was called Nomophilax, and Chartophilax, and was afterwards made Patriarch of Antioch; he lived in the latter end of the XII. Century, with the repute of being the most Learned Man of his time; he writ several Works, whereof we have some in Justels Bibliotheque of Canon Law, as his Notes upon the Nomocanon of Photius, and his Collection of Decrees and Constitutions of the Church, with the Notes of Charles An∣nibal Fabrot. Baron. Bellarmin, Possevin.
• Balthasar, thought to be the name of one of the three Kings, or Wise Men, who were guided by a Star, and came to Worship our Saviour at Bethlehem; The Prophet Daniel was also called by this Name.
• Balthasar Gerard of Villafar, a Town of Burgundy, Mur∣thered William the I. Prince of Orange, the 10th of July 1584. as he came through the Hall from Dinner, shooting him with a Pistol into the Heart. The Prince's Guards took him as he was going out of the Town, and he was immediately tor∣tured, to make him own who it was that put him upon that wicked action; he answered, It was a Divine Inspiration: Nor did he ever confess any thing else, if we believe Strada a Jesuit, a great Friend to the Spaniards, and Enemy to the Prince, who says, That they who saw him Quartered, wondred to see a young Man, hardly 26, dye with such Constancy and Cou∣rage. Others say, That he confess'd at his Execution, That he was promised a Martyrs Crown in Heaven; and said, that in hopes of that, he would have done what he did, if 50000 M••n had been about him, and no hopes left for escape. Mezeray.
• Balthasar Son of Evilmerodach, and Grandchild to Nabu∣chodonozar, the great King of the Chaldees and Babylon, suc∣ceeded his Father, An. M. 3495. in the LV Olympiad; he is the Neriglissar of prophane Authors, which the Babylonians called Naboander; he is also the Nericassolasser of the Astronomick Canon. Salian. Torniel. Percrius, and others say, that Bal∣thasar Reigned 17, or 23 years; and that he was killed when Cyrus Besieged Babylon. But we are well assured, that it was in the LVI Olympiad that his Subjects put him to Death, and placed Darius the Mede upon the Throne. It was this last that Cyrus dethroned, and is called Nabonnadius in the Astronomick Canon, and is the Nabondinus of Berosus, and the Labinet of Herodotus.
• Baltick, the name of a Sea between Germany, Den∣mark, Sweedland, and Poland, it's called Oostzee and the Belt by them that live about it. It has a great many Islands, and is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients: It joyns to the Ocean or German Sea by that famous Channel called the Sund, and then stretching wider, it forms at last two great Gulphs, whereof one is called the Gulph of Boddes, or Botnia, and by them of that Countrey Bothenzee; the other is the Gulph of Finland, which the Germans call Finnichzee; besides the Gulphs of Riga and Dantzic which are less considerable. * It is on the Coasts of the Sea, towards Prussem, that the Amber is found, which is believed to distill, or drop from the Pine and Fir-Trees that grow near the Sea-side, and are cast in Tempestuous weather upon the Shoar. It reaches S E. as far as the Island of Zeland, where the Sound or Belt, whence it takes its name of Baltick, is Commanded by the Castles of Elseneure and Elsembourg, which bring a great Tribute to the K. of Den∣mark; thence it runs Southward by the Dukedoms of Meck∣lemburg and Pomerland, as far as Dantzick; thence it turns Northward by Curland and Livonia, as far as Margen, where it forms the two Bays already mention'd; and Northwards of 'em receives the River Severi, into which, fall the two vast Lakes, Ladoga and Onega, which part Megrena and Cor∣nelia, and have some communication with the White Sea; hence the Baltick runs N. as far as Weyburg, turns again, and runs S W. as far as the Isles of Aland, where it forms the Bodenzee which runs N. and S. having Finland and Bodia on the E. and Sweden on the W. at the most Northern Point lies Tornia a Sea-Port.

• * Bannochburn, a little Town of Scotland, within two Miles of Sterling, upon a River of the same Name, famous for one of the greatest Battels that was ever fought in Bri∣tain, 100000 English being there defeated under the Com∣mand of Edward the Second, by 30000 Scots, commanded by their K. Robert Bruce: 200 of the English Nobility being killed, and as many taken. See Robert Bruce.
• Bans, in Latin Banni, were in former times Governors of the Provinces that depend on the Kingdom of Hungary, as Dalmatia, Croatia, Servia. This Name is still in use amongst the Turks, who put them in the same Rank with their Be∣gl••rbeis, and gave them the Government of Provinces, and sometimes of whole Kingdoms.
• Bantam, the Name of a Town in the Island of Java in the Indies; it is a very convenient Sea-port, scituated at the bottom of a Hill, whence it receives three Rivers, whereof one runs through it, and the other two by its Walls, and forms divers Canals. It has the most Traffick of any Town in the Indies: The French, the English, and the Hollanders have great Magazines in it. The Hollanders are Masters of a Place called Batavia, fifteen Leagues Eastwards of Bantam; they got it in 1680, by assisting the King of Bantam's Son a∣gainst his Father, whom they defeated, and afterwards im∣prisoned. All the Gardens of the Town of Bantam are full of Coco-Trees. They have no Bells there, but they supply the want of them by beating a great Drum, as big as one of the German Hogsheads, called Voeder; this is done at Morn∣ing, Noon and Night. All the Gentry entertain a Guard at the Entry of their Houses, and keep Slaves to watch in the Night, because they are then in fear of their Lives. Strangers live out of the Town. Girls are married here at eight years of Age, and that not only because the Country is extraordinary hot, but because the King inherits the E∣states of such as dye whilst their Children are under Age, which he makes Slaves, as well as the Wife and Domesticks of the Deceased. Women of the best Quality have but in∣considerable Portions, which are generally four Slaves, and a Sum of Caxas, whereof 3000 (a great Portion with them) hardly makes 25 Crowns of our Money. The Magistrates sit in the Court of Pacebam, where the Plaintiffs and De∣fendants appear without Solicitors or Attorneys. All Cri∣minals have the same Punishment, which is to be bound to a Stake and run through the Heart with a Dagger. The Strangers are priviledged from Death for a Compensation, if they have not killed in cold Blood. The King's Council meet under a great Tree when the Moon is up, and keep to∣gether until it disappears. The Persons of Quality, when they walk the Street, have a Pike and a Sword covered with black Plush carry'd before them, to make them they meet to give them the Way, and sit upon their Heels until they are gone by; they have a great Number of Slaves behind, whereof one carries a Parasol; they all go bare-foot, and would be ashamed to be seen with Shooes in the Street; they have an extraordinary care of their Daggers, they wear them at their Side all the day, and put them under their Bolster at Night; they are Pagans, and every one has a Chapel in their House. Mandeslo.
• * Bantry, a Sea Town of the Province of Munster, in the South West Parts of Ireland, from whence the adjoyning Bay is called Bantry Bay, noted of late for the Sea-Fight on May-Day 1689, between part of our Fleet, under the Command of Admiral Herbert, now Earl of Torrington, and a French Squadron newly got thither with fresh Supplies for the Irish. Though the French had the Weather-gage, and a greater Number of Ships, yet we lost not one Man of War, and by impartial Account, the French lost more Men than we.
• Bapaume, a Town of the Low Countreys in Artois, it was left to the French by the 35th Article of the Pirenean Trea∣ty in 1659. It is very strong, lies five Leagues from Arras, and has Peronne of its other side, 14 it is Miles East of Arras, 15 South West of Cambray.
• Bapres, Priests of Cotytto, Goddess of Impurity, which was in great Esteem at Athens, where her Festivals were kept at Night with all manner of Lewdness and Debauchery; they were called Baptes from the Greek Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies to Wash or to Dip, because they used to plunge themselves in luke-warm Water. Eupolis having writ a Satyr against their Impurities, they threw him into the Sea. Suidas.
• * Bapriste, Spagnolus, Sirnamed Mantuanus, because born at Mantua in 1448, &c. He was General of the Carmelites for some years, he writ abundance of Poems, which are now compre∣hended in four Volumes. He was a sharp Satyrist against the Vices and Errors of the Church of Rome, being Author of that Poem,

  —Venalia Romae Templa sacerdotes altaria sacra coronae Ignis, Thura, preces, Caelum est venale deusque.

  He died in 1516, Aged 68.
• Bar, a Town and Duchy in the Kingdom of Naples. See Bari.
• Bar, or Barrois, a Country between Lorrain and Cham∣pagne, has the Title of a Duchy, and belongs now to France; it is divided into two Parts by the River Meuse; its Capital is Bar-le-duc, built by Frederick the First, Duke of High Lor∣rain; he called it Bar, because he designed it should be a Bariere against those of Champagne, that used to make Incur∣sions into his Country; it was built in 251, the Country a∣bout is pretty Fertile.
• Bar (Henry II.) Count of Bar, and Lord of Liney, &c. A Man of great Parts; he was much admired for his Bravery in the Battle of Bouvines, where he had the Honour to fight by King Philip Augusta. After that War was at an end, he went to Rome, and took the Crossade, went to the Holy Land in 1239, and was mortally wounded at the Battle of Gaza. Rigordus vit. Phil. Aug.
• Bar-le-duc, Barro ducum, Capital of the Duchy of Bar. This Town was built by Frederick the First, Duke of Lor∣rain, in 951, and was afterwards augmented and embelished by the Counts and Dukes of Bar. It was taken in this Age in 1632, and its strong Castle, built vpon a Rock, is demo∣lished. The lower Town is well built, has fine large Streets, and is embelished with several Churches, a Colledgde, and other sumptuous Structures. This Town is sixty Miles South East of Rheims, fifty South West of Metz, and an hun∣dred and fifteen East off Paris.
• Bar-sur-Aube, a Town of France in Champagne, upon the River Aube. It is indifferent well built, and much esteemed for its good Vineyards: 25 Miles East of Troyes, and 20 North East from Bar-sur-Sein.
• Bar-sur-Seine, a Town of France, in Burgundy, called in Latin Barum ad Sequanam; it is situated upon the River Se∣quana or Seine, where it receives the Ourse, the Arse and Laigne, towards the Frontiers of Champagne, and five Le••gues above Troyes. It is very pleasant and well built, the Soyl is fertile, and there are fine Meadows along the Rivers side, and Hills on the other side, full of good Vines, which renders the Avenues very agreeable. It is 16 Miles East of Troyes, and 56 North from Dijon.
• Baraballi de Gayette, an Italian Poet, who did not think himself inferior to Petrarcha; he was descended of an ancient Family, was of a good Presence, but his conceit of himself made him the Laughing-stock of the Court of Rome; he li∣ved in the time of Leo the Tenth, who granted him the Ho∣nour of the Triumph, and mounted him upon an Elephant that threw him down near the Bridge of the Capitol.
• Barabbas, a seditious Man, and Murtherer; who being Prisoner for his Crimes, was set at Liberty by Pilate, at the Request of the Jews, who would have him saved, according to the Custom of Pardoning a Criminal at the Feast of Easter, and preferred him to Jesus Christ, whom they would see put to Death by all means.
• Barack, of the Tribe of Nephtali, the fourth Judge of the Israelites, he succeeded to Ehud in 2720, and with the As∣sistance of Debora, who was also Judge of the People, he o∣verthrew General Sisera in 2740, and delivered the Israelites from their third Servitude, that lasted twenty years under Jabin King of Canaan; he and Debora judged the People for almost 40 years, from Anno Mundi 2721, to 2760.
• Barampour, or Barampore, Barampura, a Town of the East-Indies, Capital of the Kingdom of Candis, in the Mogol's Territories, situated upon the River Tapte, which falls into the Gulph of Cambaie below Suratte. It's a great Town of Trade, but ill built, and unwholsome.
• Baras, See Hormisdas.
• Barathrum, a deep Gulph of Attica in Greece, in which they were wont to throw Criminals. It was fac'd with Stone like a Well, and had Iron Hooks turned upwards to receive the Criminal. There followed an unfruitful year upon the casting one of Cybele's Priests into it, which the Oracle said, was occasioned by Cybele's Wrath, which could not be appeased until that Hole were filled up; upon which there was care taken to satisfie her. Suidas.
• Barbancon (Marie de) Daughter to Michael of Barbancon, Lord of Cany, being besieged in her Castle of Benegon in Ber∣ry by Montare, Lord Lieutenant of Burgundy, she got to the most dangerous Place in the Breach, and with a Half-pike in her Hand, she repulsed the Enemies in three Assaults, but at last, want of Provisions made her surrender; the King was so taken with her Courage, that he ordered she should be left in Possession of her Castle and Estate. Thuan.
• * Barbadoes, one of the Caribby Islands in the West-Indies, and the most considerable Colony the English enjoy in these Parts. It lies in thirteen Degrees, twenty Minutes Northern Latitude; so that the Days and Nights are here almost of an equal Length all the Year round the Sun rising and setting at six. It is of an Oval Form, not above eight Leagues in Length, and five in Breadth, where broadest; but so well Peopled, that within that small Compass, it is said to contain above 50000 Inhabitants, besides the Negro Slaves, who are treble the Number, improved to this Degree since the year 1627, in the Reign of King Charles the First; for it was then plant∣ed by the English to purpose. It's true, it was discovered in the Reign of King James the First, by Sir William Curteen, who was driven upon its Coast by a Storm in his way Home

• from Brasil, and Landing with some of his Men, met with no Inhabitants, nor with any Place fit to be inhabited, the whole being then over-grown with Woods. However, he found by the Nature of the Soil, that it would be worth while to attempt a Plantation in it, to which he induced his Friends at his Return. These first Planters, for want of Trade, were driven to great Extremities, untill about the Year 1627, their Number being increased, and the Island yielding at that time good store of Tabacco, Indigo, Cotton, &c. Ships began to Trade there by way of Exchange. Af∣ter which, it began to flourish considerably, especially when their Canes were grown, and they had learnt the Art of ma∣king Sugar. This Isle is exceeding hot, especially for eight Months of the Year, so that there would be no living in it, were it not for the cool Breezes that rise with the Sun, and blow fresher as the Sun mounts higher. These Breezes blow always from the North-East, but in the time of the Turnado, and then for an hour or two, it chops into the South, but after returns to its former Point again; notwithstanding this Heat, the Air is so very moist, that any thing of Iron, without constant Usage, is soon eaten up with Rust. The Country lies low and level, and is not well watered with Ri∣vers or fresh Springs, but there are several Pools besides, with which the Inhabitants are supplied with Rain-water, which they reserve in Wells and Cisterns. In short, the In∣conveniences are much over-balanc'd with the Pleasantness and Fruitfulness of the Soil, which yields Crops all the year long; yet the Inhabitants observe two principal Seasons for Planting, viz. May, and September; but Sugar-Canes are planted all the year round. The Sugars indeed are not as white as those of Brasil, yet as they are of finer Grain, they prove much better when refined. In short, this Island doth yield such plenty of Sugar, Indigo, Cotton, Ginger, Log∣wood, Fustick and Lignum-Vitae, that 200 Ships are yearly loaded with these Commodities for Europe. For the Use of the Inhabitants, here are Oxen, Sheep, great stores of Hogs, Fowls, Fruit, and Roots; they have good Dates, Pomegranates, sweet and sower Oranges, Citrons, Limons, Pine-apples, &c. Here also grows Cedar, Mastick, Red-wood, and that called Iron-wood-Tree. Cassia, Coloquintis, Ta∣marindi, and Cassary, of which last they make their Bread. The Poyson-Tree, and the Physick-Nut, the Calibash, Mangrass-Tree, Palmeto, Roucou and Lignum vitae. Their Drink called Mobby, is made of Potatoes soak'd in Water; another Sort named Prino, is made of Cassary-Root and Water; they make also a strong Drink with the Skimming of Sugar; but the best of all is the Wine of Pines, which is only made of the Juice of the Fruit. The Caribeans of Dominica make fre∣quent Incursions, and commit great Spoils in this Island, and carry off Women and Children with their Plunder. The Blacks are well proportioned, have their Foreheads and Noses flat, being crushed down by the Mothers, who imagine it a great Beauty; they are hardy, and go altoge∣ther naked, dying their Skins with a sort of red Compositi∣on, hang Fish Bones and other Toys in their Ears, and at their Lips and Noses. In this Island is a Plant called the Sensitive, esteemed one of the greatest Rarities in the World, which, as soon as touched with the Hand, falls down, and the Leaves run together as if they were withered on a sudden; but as soon as the Hand is removed, it presently springs up, and spreads again. Here are Snakes and Serpents of many Colours and Forms, some nine or ten Foot long, and near as thick as a Man's Thigh; yet these are not poisonous, they come into the Houses, which they free from Rats, and such other Vermine; the Grey, Yellow and Red Snakes are dangerous, these have broad flat Heads, exceeding wide Jaws, armed with eight or ten Teeth, as sharp as Needles; their Poyson lies in Purses near the Root of the Teeth; they are so exceeding venomous, that if a Man chance to be hurt by them, if Help be not immediately had, the Wounds prove incurable in a few hours. The Chief Town of the whole Island is St. Michael's, situate at the bottom of Carlisle Bay, in the Southern Part of the Island, where Ships have a very secure Harbor. Here was an Earthquake felt in 1690, but did no Damage.
• Barbary, a Country in Africa, bounded with Egypt on the East, and Biledulgerid and Mount Atlas to the South, with the Atlantick Ocean in the West, and the Mediterranean on the North. Its length, from the Atlantick Sea to the Oce∣an, is 600 German Leagues, and its Breadth, between Mount Atlas and the Mediterranean, is about 80 Leagues. It is di∣vided into six Parts, Baria, Tunis, Tremecen, Fez and Dara, whereof the first is a Province, and the other five are King∣doms. Though Barbary be under one of the Torrid Zones, yet the Mountains and Sea Coast between the Strates of Gi∣braltar and Egypt, are more Cold than Hot; it begins to rain through all Barbary about the middle of October, and their greatest Cold is in December and January, but so insensible, that they never make the greater Fire for it. The Inhabi∣tants of Barbary are of three different Nations, for besides the Natives, there are Turks and Arabians. The Men are allowed many Wives, yet generally they have but one mar∣ry'd Wife, but they keep several Slaves and Concubines. The Women and Girls are always veiled in the Presence of Men, so that a Man knows no more of the Beauty of the Wife he Marries, than what he learns from the Father and the Mother, untill he goes to Bed to her. Enchantments and Witchcraft are very frequent in this Country, and they use Magicians and Witches for their Physicians, who cure them with Characters, and some Words out of the Alcoran; when any falls sick, they lay some Meat upon the Tomb of the Morabouts, who are the Saints of that Law, and imagine, that if any Creature eats it, he will immediately take the Sickness. It is observed, that in the three Languages they use, viz. the Arabick, African and Turkish, there is no Oath against the Name of God. The People are of a good mild Humor, seldom quarrel among themselves, and when they do, seldom kill one another; they are very watchful of their Wives, and such of them that live abroad under Tents, as the Arabians and Shepherds are Laborious, Valiant and Liberal; but they that live in Cities, are Proud, Cove∣tous, Revengeful; and though they Traffick much, they understand it but very little, and neither keep Banks, nor have Bills of Exchange. In former times they addicted them∣selves to the Study of the Liberal Sciences, but their Princes have forbidden such Studies for the future. They that live near the Sea Coast use Fire-Arms and Pikes; but they that live in the Inland Towns, carry nothing but a Lance, which they use very dextrously. As for Age, they hardly exceed Sixty or Seventy years, unless it be such as live in the Moun∣tains, and are strong and lusty at an Hundred years of Age. Barbary furnishes Strangers with a great quantity of Goods, as Beef, Hides, Linnen and Cotton, Raisins, Figs and Dates. It is a very rich Country, as appears by the prodigious Re∣venues of the Kings of Morocco and Fez, and of the Bachas of Tunis, Algier and Tripoli, by its great Commerce with France, Italy, England, Holland, &c. The great Number of Mosques, and their Rents, is a Mark of the Wealth of the Country; there are an hundred at Algier, three hundred at Tunis, as many at Fez, seven hundred at Morocco, whereof the Chiefest have Two hundred Ducats Rent a day. As for Govern∣ment, part of Barbary is under Kings, as Morocco and Fez, and some other Places that are under Arabian Kings; the o∣ther Part is governed by Bachas from the Grand Signior, as Algier, Tunis and Tripoli, who have Kings that are Vassals to them, as are those of Concue and Labez, which are Tributary to Algier, and some Arabian Princes, who are to furnish a certain Sum of Money, and a Number of Men upon Neces∣sity. They that live on the Mountains, and in Tents in the Plains, are governed by a kind of Common-wealth. In all Towns, where the Grand Signior has a Bacha, he has also a Cadi, or Judge, who gives Sentence in all Civil and Criminal Matters; and throughout all Barbary, every one pleads his own Cause, except in Sally, a Town of Fez, where the Moors make use of Attorneys after the Fashion of Spain. As for Religion, they have the Christian, Jewish and Mahometan, and those that live in the Mountains and Fields with their Flocks, hardly have a∣ny at all. The Iman or Morabou, which is their Priest, prays in the Mosque, and the People repeat what he says. They have long Beads of an hundred Coral Stones, all of a bigness, and at each Stone they cry Sta-fer-lah, which signifies, God preserve me. Their Morabouts apply themselves much to Magick, and are in such veneration amongst the Moors, that a Criminal is safe enough, if he can but get into one of their Cells, which are built near the Mosques. When these Priests die, they honour them as Saints, and burn Lamps before their Tombs. Their greatest Feast is on Mahomet's Birth∣day, which they keep the 5th of September with great Solem∣nity, singing that Prophet's Praises through the Streets, ac∣companied with a great Number of Musicians; this Feast lasts eight days, during which time, the very Christians are permitted to be in the Streets at Night, which is prohibited under rigorous Punishments at any other time. When any one dies, his Friends hire Women that cry and take on strangely, and tear and scratch their Faces till they bleed. The Body is not laid all at length in the Coffin, but is seated with its Face Southwards towards M••cha. Their Burying-Places are in the Fields; near the Towns they are walled in, and over-run with Flowers, which serve partly for Orna∣ment, and partly to mind People of the transitory Pleasure of this World. Since the English quitted Tangier, the Chri∣stians have no Places in Barbary, but Larache, Oran and Ma∣mora, that belong to Spain, though there are some remain∣der of the ancient Christians in Morocco, Fez and Libya, who say Mosarabick Mass, which is translated into the Arabick Tongue out of Latin; and there are some Greek Families, who have great Veneration for St. Stephen; the Jews that live amongst them, are much the same with them among us, and are above 160000 Families. For Apparel, the Men wear wide Linings, and above them a striped Gown, which hangs down to their Knees, buttoned before with Gold and Silver Buttons. Their Turban is of red Cloth, that has a piece of white Cotton winded several times about it; they wear painted Shooes without Ears, that tye under the Foot, as the Turks Shooes do; they wear Shooes loose, that they may put them off, which they do as often as they go into their Houses, and esteem it uncivil and undecent to do other∣ways.

• They shave off all their Hair, except a Bunch they leave on the top of the Head, by which they expect Maho∣met will pull them up to Heaven; they wear Mustaches, and sometimes they have their Beards all of a length. They have a Sheath to their Belts, enriched with costly Pearls, and three fine Knives. The Women cover their Faces with a fine Linnen Cloth, and wear a Gown to their Knees; when they go to Town, they wear a pair of Cotton Linings, and wrap their Bodies in a great Cloak, and hide their Faces, that nothing can be seen but their Eyes, so that they cannot be known in the Streets; but when they go into any Friend's House, they leave their Attires and their Shooes at the Door, to give the Man of the House Notice that they are there, and that their Husbands would take it ill if he came in whilst they paid his Wife a Visit. The People of Barbary live for the most part on Rice, Beef, Veal and Mutton, Wine is for∣bidden them by Mahomet's Law, yet many drink of it for all that; the Country is very fertile in all manner of Fruit, which grows better and bigger there than elsewhere. Dap∣per's Description of Africk.
• Barberino, a little Town in Tuscany, upon a low Hill, be∣tween Sienne and Florence, from which the famous Family of the Barberins took their Name and Title.
• Barberousse I. (Aruch or Horuc) born in Mitylena, a Town in the Island Lesbos, in the Egean Sea, was a Pyrate for many years, and then went to Barbary, where he became so fa∣mous, that the King of Algiers begged his assistance against the Spaniards; he came to Algiers, and having secured the Town, he strangled the King in his Bath, and usurped the Crown; after which he conquered the King of Tunis, and enlarged his Conquests on every side, until the Count of Comares, Governor of Oran for the King of Spain, surprised him at the Passage of the River Huexda, eight Leagues from Tremecen, where he and 1500 Turks, that accompanied him, were cut off in 1518.
• Barberousse II. Cheredin, succeeded his Brother in the Kingdom of Algiers, and in a little time made himself Master of Constantina, reduced some Kings his Vassals, and drove the Spaniards out of a Fort that they had over-against Algiers. Soliman II. made him his Admiral, and with his help he took Tunis, plundered and ravaged Sicily, made frequent Descents on Italy, frighted the Spaniards, and joining himself with Francis the First's Army, took Nizza in 1543, and died in 1547, at Constantinople.
• Barca, Son of Belus King of Tyrus in Phenicia, Brother to Pygmalion, came out of Tyrus in Africa with his Sister Didon and Anna; he was the Founder of that Renowned Fa∣mily of the Barcas, whence Hanibal descended.
• Barca, a great Country of Africa in Barbary, on the Me∣diterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tripoli; it is a very barren Country, being dry and Rocky; it has the Town Garuena, called also Cerene, and some other Towns along the Coasts. This Kingdom is bounded on the East by Egypt, on the North by the Mediterranean, on the W. by the Gulph of Sidera the Great Sirtis, and Barbary, and on the South by Deserts. It takes its name from the City of Barca, which is small, and stands towards the West-end 550 miles from Alexandria. This City sprung out of the Ruines of Berenice, near which it stood. In this Kingdom was the Celebrated City of Cyrene, something more to the East then Barca, and 'tis a very fruitful spot of Ground, and in the Greek and Roman times was very Populous, and well Cultivated, but is now almost wholly desolate, Nub. p. 92. The Gulph of Sidera mentioned above is the great Sirtis of the Ancients, a Bay infamous for Shipwraps, and the Shoars of it for Thieves and Desolation, there being not one drop of fresh Water to be found in 4 days Journey between the Kingdoms of Tripoli and Barca. The Arabians inhabiting these Coun∣treys between Barbary and Egypt feel great misery, the Coun∣trey being so poor and barren that it will hardly keep their Cattle alive, and they have no Corn, nor any thing but Dates, so that they pawn their Children for Bread in Sicily, which are frequently made Slaves upon Non-payment; This Necessity makes them also very Thievish, taking all that a Man has, and then selling his Person to the Sicilians for Corn, to the discouragement of all Merchants and Trade. In short, they are a rude, beggarly, hunger-starved, perfidious People, distrusted by all Men. Barca is in part Mountainous, and in part Level; all along the foot of Mount Atlas on the North is a spacious fruitful Plain, well watered with beauti∣ful Rivers and Fountains; The Air is more subject to Cold then excessive Heat, and in Winter is often covered with deep Snows. The Mountains yield Fruit, but no Corn, the In∣habitants of those places eat Barly Bread, the vast Woods are full of Wild Beasts of all kinds, but in the Plains and Hil∣locks between these Mountains and Atlas there is plenty of Corn, but then they have no great plenty of Wood. Leo. Af. p. 31. Pag. 266. he saith, the Desert of Barca contains in length from E. to W. 1300 miles, and in breadth 200, and is destitute of Corn and Water. The Inhabitants are bar∣barous and beggerly beyond belief. The Moors began the Conquest of this Country next after Egypt in the year of Christ 605, or, as their own Chronology place it, in 686, Procopius saith, that Lybia, properly and first so called, lay be∣tween Cyrene to the West, and Alexandria in Egypt to the East; and it was also of old call'd Marmarica.
• Barcalon, The name of the first Minister of State in the Kingdom of Siam in the Indies, beyond the Gulph of Bengala. Besides his Care of the Kings Business, he sits with the Oya's or ordinary Judges who decide the Differences that happen between Merchants and Strangers.
• Barcappara, a Rabbi who lived in the Third Century, and composed a Work which the Jews call Tosaphta, and make use of it to explain the hard places of their Misna.
• Barcelona, a Town of Catalonia belonging to the King of Spain, it is a Sea-Port of the Mediterranean, bears the Title of a County, has a Sovereign Court and University, a Court of Inquisition, and a Bishoprick Suffragant to Tara∣gona. It is a great, rich, fair, and well fortified Town, some Authors think it was built by Amilcar Barca a Carthaginian Captain about 300 years before our Saviours Birth. It's this Town Ptolemy calls 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; St. Paulinus, Barcinus; Jor∣nandes, Barcelona; and others, Barcina and Barcilona, and think it was the place Plinius calls Faventia. It was under the Ro∣mans, and afterwards under the Visigoths, where their first King Ataulfus was murthered in 415. In the 8th Age, when the Sarazens settled themselves in Spain, they became Ma∣sters of Barcelona, the Spaniards endeavoured to retake it, but in vain. The French took it in 801. It's Governors had the Title of Counts. It's situated in a Plain by the Sea-side; There is the old and new Town, parted by a Wall, and round both is a strong Rampart, with Towers, and some Ba∣stions, the Ditch is very deep. The Cathedral is a stately Building, as are most of the other Churches; The Streets are great and very clean, and the Key is very convenient and safe, being sheltered from Winds of one side by Mount Imi, and by another lesser Hill on the other side; At the end of the Key is the Light-House, and a little Fort. In the year of Christ 412, during the Reign of Honorius, this City was taken by Athaulphus King of the West-Goths, the Husband of Placidia that Emperor's Sister, and from thence forward it was the Seat of the Kings of that Nation, which was cal∣led Gottalonia and Cattalonia. In time they conquered the rest of Spain, and then Toledo became the Royal City till it was taken by the Saracens; It is 60 miles North of the Isle of Majorca, 134 South of Narbonne, and 300 miles E. of Madrid.
• Barcelonne, or Barcelonette, Barcelona and Nilla Barcelonae, a a Town and Valley formerly of Prov••nce, but now belonging to Savoy, built in 1231, in the time of Raimundus Berenguerarius, the 5th of that name, Count of Provence, who called it so in memory of Barcelona in Cattalonia, whence his Predecessors came into Provence; others say it was built before, but being ruined by the Wars was rebuilt by Raimundus.
• Barcelor, a Town of the Indies upon the Coasts of Mala∣bar, with a convenient Port; it has Goa to the North, and Mangalor to the South, it formerly belonged to the Portugueses, but now the Hollanders have it.
• Barcelos, a Town in Portugal upon the River Cavado; it is called Celiobriga Celerinorum; it has the Title of a Duchy, and is below Braga about a League from the place where the River Cavado joins the Sea; it is 13 miles West of Braga, and 20 North of O-Porto.
• Bar-cepha: See Moises Barcepha.
• Barchochebas, Barcochab, or Bencochab, a famous Impostor and a Jew, his name signifies Son of the Star, wherefore he call'd himself that Star of Jacob that was to deliver the Na∣tion from Slavery. He found some Followers, and revolted against the Emperor Adrian about the year 130, because this Prince built the Temple of Jupiter over-against theirs in Je∣rusalem. During this Rebellion they committed unheard-of Cruelties upon such Christians as would not favour their De∣sign. Euseb.
• Barclay (William) a Lawyer, descended of one of the best Families in Scotland, he spent his youth at Court, but having lost all by the Civil Wars, and seeing his Country ruin'd, he went into France, where he began to Study, though 30 years of Age, and made such progress, that he became Law-Pro∣fessor in the University of Pont-à-Mousson in Lorrain, and af∣terwards Counsellor of State to the Duke. He came into England in 1603, upon King James's coming to the Crown, hoping that the change of Ruler would be followed with a change of Religion, but meeting with disappointment, he returned into France, where he had the Place of First Royal Professor in the University of Angers. He died in 1609. He writ some Books, as De Potestate Papae. De Regno & Regali potestate adversus Monarchomacas. In titulos pandectarum de re∣bus creditis & de Juresurando. Philip. Thomazin, Lorenzo Crasso.
• Barclay (John) Son of William Barclay; he was born in France, when his Father was Professor of Law there; he came into England after his Fathers death, and had conside∣rable Employments under King James. He gain'd a great Reputation by his Satiricon Euphormionis, wherein he imitated Petronius's Style. Being uneasie in England, he went into France, and thence to Rome, where he found a good Friend of Cardinal Maffeus Barberinus, who was afterwards Pope under the name of Urban VIII. Paul V. was kind to him,

• as was also his Successor Gregory XV. It was about this time that he writ something against the Protestants, and published his Argenis, which was much more approved of then his Con∣troversy. He likewise writ a Treatise, Entituled, Icon Ani∣morum, and a Collection of Poetry in 3 Books, and was about others before his death, which happened in 1621. Lorenzo Crasso.
• Bardanes, Sirnam'd the Turk, was General of the Troops of the Eastern Empire, he was proclaimed Emperor by the Soldiers, but hearing that Nicephorus, Treasurer of the Em∣pire, had got himself Crown'd, he refus'd that Honour, and went into a Monastery, where Nicephorus caus'd his Eyes to be put out. This happened in the Empress Irena's Reign. Theophanes.
• Bardas, a Patrician of Constantinople in the 9th Age, the Emperor Michael III. sirnam'd The Drinker, made him Caesar in 854. He was so wicked, that he advis'd the Emperor to banish his Mother, and learned him all manner of Vice and Wickedness; he himself put away his lawful Wife, and kept another; but he was murthered by the command of the Emperor his Nephew, An. 866.
• Bardas, call'd Sclere, Emperor, was a Captain under John Zimisca, and gain'd great Reputation: Being Ambitious and Daring, he thought, after John's death, which happened An. 975, that it would not be hard to usurp the Crown from Ba∣silius II. and Constantin the Young Porphyrogenetes, and to that end, he made sure of a strong Party, and got himself pro∣claimed Emperor by the Army. Basilius II. though but young, dispatched Phocas to fight him, which he did, and defeated him An. 986, but revolted himself a little after. Curopalate.
• Bardes, Poets and Musicians amongst the ancient Gauls, they made Verses in Praise of Noble Persons. It is said they derived their name from Bardus I. fifth King of the Gauls, who addicted himself to that Study. It is thought they lived on a Mountain in Burgundy, call'd to this very day Mont-bard or Mont-Barri, in Latin Mons-bardorum. * There are still Bardes in the Highlands of Scotland, entertain'd by the Heads of Clans to Record their Genealogies, and the Memorable Atchievements of their Families. Am. Marcellin, Strabo. Buch.
• Bardesanes, a Syrian Heretick, he lived in Mesopotamia in the Eleventh Age. First of all he was Disciple of Valentine, but quitted that Heresie, and writ not only against that, but also against the other Heresies of his time; he afterwards fell unluckily into the Errors he had refuted before, and be∣sides those of the Valentines, which he held some time before he died, he taught that the Doctrine of Resurrection was false; he had his Followers called Bardesanistes, who invented new Errors; and he left a Son called Hermonius, who com∣posed many Books, that were refuted by S. Ephrem of Edesse. St. Jerom. August. Baronius.
• * Bardewick, an ancient City in Lower-Saxony, supposed to have been built 990 years before Christ, it stands within a mile of Lunenburg Northward, which grew from its Ruines. It consists now of a Castle, and some few Houses, having been almost destroyed by Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxony in 1189. Baud.
• * Bardt, Lat. Bardum, a little Town of Pomerania in Ger∣many, which hath a very fine Castle and Harbour, with a Lordship belonging to it near the River Bardt, whence it takes its name. It lies 3 German miles from the borders of Mecklenburg, 3 North-East from Damgarden, and 8 West from Bergen in the Isle of Rugen, it was yielded to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster in 1647, and since taken by the Elector of Brandenburg, but restor'd in 1679, by the Mediation of Lewis XIV. of France. Baud.
• Bardus I. fifth King of the ancient Gauls, he reigned in the time of Atalius King of the Assyrians, which was about Anno Mundi 2140, he was a great Admirer of Musick and Poetry, and established People of that Profession that were afterwards call'd Bardes.
• * Barentz (William) Captain of a Ship, being the 3d sent by the Hollanders to discover the N. passage in 1596, he died in that Expedition, but deserves no less to be remembred, says Hoffman, then Vespucius and Columbus, 12 only of his Com∣pany return'd after they had viewed the uttermost corners of the World under the Conduct of Hemskirk.
• Bareyt, a Town in Franconia, the ordinary Residence of the Marquis of Brandebourg, of the Branch of Culembach. It is not very big, but rich, and well built, in a Country that is full of Game. This Princes Castle stands very convenient, and wants nothing that can contribute to the pleasures of one of the most polished Courts in Germany, especially since the Princes second Marriage with the Princess of Wirtemberg.
• Bargates, a famous Persian, who was great Chamberlain to Smerdes the Magi, having the Keys of the Palace under his command, he let the Conspirators into the Magi's Cham∣ber, where they found him a-Bed with one of his Mistresses, and soon made an end of him, Bargates having laid aside his Arms wherewith he might otherwise have defended himself. Ctesias.
• Bargemon or Barjamon, Bargemonum and Barjamonium, a little Town of Provence in France, at 5 Leagues distance from the Sea, in the Diocess of Fresus, it was formerly an Ap∣panage or a Portion given to the youngest Brothers of the Counts of Provence.
• Bar-gioras, which signifies Son of Gioras, was that stout and valiant Captain John who defended Jerusalem couragiously when it was besieged by Titus. Joseph.
• Bari, a Town of Italy, in the Kingdom of Naples, situated upon the Adriatick Sea, and is Capital of a Province called the Land of Bari, some call it Barum, Barium, Bario, and Ba∣retum. It has the Title of a Duchy and Archbishoprick, which has under it Bitunto, Malfetta, and 5 others. It is a very ancient Town, and is mentioned by Pliny, Ptolemy, and several other ancient Writers. Since the fall of the Ro∣man Empire it was often taken by the Saracens, and other Barbarians, after which the Grecians became Masters of it. But after that Meles Duke of Bari had made Apuleia and Calabria Revolt against the Graecians, it had Dukes of its own, that payed Homage to the Kings of Naples; they were Crown'd and Consecrated in St. Nicholas's Church in Bari. Pope Urban II. held a Council in Barri on the first of October, 1098, where St. Anselme Archbishop of Canterbury Disputed against the Greeks upon the Union of the Latin and Greek Church. This City pretends to the Body of St. Nicholas Bi∣shop of Mira, one of those who oppos'd the Arrians in the first Council of Nice. This Town is 20 miles S. E. of Trani, 25 N. E. of Cirenze, and 124 E. of Naples.
• Bar-Iesu (Elymas) a false Prophet, whom St. Paul struck blind in the Town of Paphos in the Island of Cyprus, because he endeavoured to seduce and hinder Sergius Paulus the Roman Proconsul from embracing the Christian Religion. Elymas in the Arabick Tongue signifies Magus. Baron.
• * Barjols, Lat. Barjolum, a Town and Bailiwick of Pro∣vence in France, in a fruitful Soil, has been adorn'd with a Collegiate Church ever since 1060, and during the Civil Wars was taken by the Protestants in 1562, and re-taken by the Leaguers in 1590.
• * Barkamsied, a Market Town of Dacor Hundred in the West of Hartfordshire.
• * Barking, a Market Town of Becontree Hundred in the South-West parts of Essex. It stands upon the Rodon, within a mile of its influx into the Thames, 7 miles from London.
• * Barkley, a Market Town in Gloucestershire, 89 miles from London.
• * Barkshire, an Inland County of England, parted North∣ward by the Thames from Oxford and Buckinghamshire, bound∣ed Southward with Hampshire, Eastward with Surrey, West∣ward with Wiltshire and Gloucestershire, containing in length from E. to W. about 40 miles, in breadth from N. to S. where broadest 24, in which extent are 20 Hundreds, 12 Market Towns, and 140 Parishes. This County was an∣ciently the Seat of the Atrebatii, in the time of the Heptar∣chy, a Member of the Kingdom of the W. Saxons, now it makes up with Wiltshire the Diocess of Salisbury, the Air is very sweet, and the Soil as fruitful, water'd besides the Thames with several other Rivers. The chief Trade of this Shire consists in Mault and Clothing. The Market Towns, besides Reading, the chief place of the County, are Windsor, Wantage, Abington, Faringdon, Okingham, Wallingford, Maiden∣head, Hungerford, East-Ilsley, Newbury, and Lamborn. It is dignified with the Title of an Earldom in the Person of the Right Honourable Thomas Howard Earl of Barkshire, Viscount Andover, &c. devolved to him from his Brother Charles, and to Charles from their Father Thomas Howard created Earl of Barkshire by K. James I. An. 1625. Out of it are chosen besides two Knights of the Shire, 7 Members of Parliament, viz. from Reading, Windsor, and Wallingford two each, and one from Abington.
• * Barkway, a Market Town of Edwinstree Hundred in the N. of Hartfordshire.
• Barlaam, a Frier of St. Basil's Order, afterwards Abbot of St. Sauveur at Constantinople, he lived in the 14th Century about 1350. He disputed against the Errors of George Pala∣mas Archbishop of Thessalonica, who held, That the Light which the Apostles saw upon Mount Tabor was increated, and consequently the Divine Essence it self: This Doctrine was approved in a Conciliabulum or Petty Council of ignorant Greeks assembled in Constantinople in 1350. This same Bar∣laam was sent by the Emperor Andronicus to Avignon to Pope Benet XII. to propose an Union between the Greek and Latin Church. He made some Treatises of Algebra and Arithme∣tick, and concerning the Celebration of Easter.
• Barlaeus, (Jaspar) a Hollander, that was a great Poet and Orator, and had some subtil thoughts, but disordered. We have some Heroick Poems, some Elegies, and other Works of his making. He was a Minister in Holland before the Synod of Dort, and became a Remonstrant afterwards; he was Professor of Philosophy in the famous School of Am∣sterdam when it was first Established.
• Barlaeus (Melchior) of Antwerp, he was an excellent Poet, and lived in 1565, published divers Ingenious Poems, as Brabantiados, lib. 5. De Diis Gentium, lib. 2. Bucolica, &c.
• * Barlemont, a Town of Hainault in the Low-Countreys, subject to the French, it stands on the River Sambre, 17 miles South of Mons, and 25 East of Cambray.

• * Barwick, Lat. Bervicium, Borcovicum, a Market, Sea Port, and Borough Town of Northumberland, upon the Borders of Scotland on the North side. 'Tis seated at the very Mouth of the Tweed; from whence its called Barwick upon Tweed, over which is a fair Stone Bridge, supported by many Arches. This is one of the strongest holds in England, formerly belonging to the Scots, but deliver'd up by William their King, to Henry II. as a Pledge for his Ransom, being then Prisoner in Eng∣land, upon Payment of the Money King John restor'd it to the Scots: But Edward I. retook it Anno 1297. After this it was won and lost divers times, till in the Reign of Edward II. Sir Thomas Stanley took it the last time from the Scots. Most of its strong Works are owing to the English, the Castle being built by Henry II. the Walls by other Princes: But the main Strength thereof, besides that of its Situation, is owing to the Famous Queen Elizabeth, who added a new Wall to the old, and other Outworks according to the times she lived in. The Town is large and populous, and the Houses well built. It's like Newcastle, a County of it self. In the late Reign it was made a Dukedom, the late King James bestowing the Title of Duke hereof upon James Fitz-James his Natural Son, An. 1686. This Town sends two Burgesses to the English Parliament. Lon. 21. 43. Lat. 55. 48.
• Basci (Matthew de) Founder of the Order of Capuchins. He was Born in the Dutchy of Spoletto; and Fryar of the Monks called Observantins, in the Convent of Montefalioni. He affirm'd that God admonished him in a Vision to exercise a stricter Poverty, and that he shew'd him the true Habit of St. Francis. He withdrew in 1525. into a Solitude, where he was soon followed by a great many. Pope Clement XIV. approved this Congregation in 1528; and Basci Died in 1552.
• Basil on the Rhine, a Town of Swisserland, Capital of a Canton; has an University and a Bishoprick depending on Besançon. Latin Authors call it, Basilea Rauracorum, but it is not the same with Augusta Rauracorum, which is Augst, a Village near Basil; Authors differ much about the Deriva∣tion of its Name: It is a rich, fair, great, and well situated Town, divided into two parts by the Rhine; the greatest of the two is on the Frnech side, built on the Declension of a Hill in form of an Amphitheatre; The other part streacheth into a fertile Plain, and both are joyn'd together by a good Bridge. The Rhine receives here the two little Rivers of Birs and Wics, whose Water serves to cleanse the Town, and to make several Mills go: It is much increased since the Ruine of Augst; it was fam'd in Ammianus Marcellinus's time, because this Author, who lived in the Fourth Century, speaks advantageously of it. The Emperor Gratian built two Forts in it to hinder the German Incursions, and it grew bigger and bigger every day until the Twelfth Age, where∣in it became a Free and Imperial Town. In the latter end of the Thirteenth Age, its Inhabitants were divided into two Parties by Reason of a War that then began between Henry of Newcastell Bishop of Basil, and Rodolph Count of Hapsbourg, which is a Castle that lies between this Town and Zurick; but the News coming, that this last was chosen Emperor, them that were of the Bishops side Petitioned for Peace, which Rodolph generously agreed to. Afterwards Basil joyn'd it self to the other Cantons, and made up the Ninth. In the last Age they embraced Calvin's Doctrine, and drove their Bishop away; so that now that Republick is the Powerfulest, and their Town the biggest and fairest in all Swisserland, and of great Commerce too, lying between France and Germany. It has these Privileges by the Peace of Munster in 1648, That it shall be Subject to no Decrees of the Empire, but shall enjoy a perfect Liberty; and that no Fort shall be built on the Rhine between it and Philips∣bourg; nevertheless Lewis the XIV. built the Fort of Hun∣ninguen within Cannon Shot of the Town. Since the Pro∣testants made themselves Masters of Basil, which happened under Philip Gandolphein: The Bishop thereof resides at Poren∣tru, and are Princes of the Empire; And the Chapter is at Fribourg in Brisgaw. Oecolampadius in 1522. promoted the Reformation; And in 1529, when the Images and other Ornaments of Churches, being loaded on twelve Wagons to be distributed among the poorer Sort for private Uses, to prevent Quarrels that were like to ensue; for the Dividend, they were publickly burnt, and the Reformation was accom∣plished without any greater Tumult, chiefly by the pru∣dent Management of their Consul James Meyer. Since that time this City has been a Place of retreat to Persons of the greatest Quality from France during their Persecutions. From this City Sebastian Bak and Volfgangus Meyer were sent to the Synod of Dort, in 1618. The Town-house is a very sump∣tuous Building, the Streets are large and fair, and there are very curious Paintings in the ancient Cloister of the Domini∣cans. Their University was founded in 1459, and had several famous Professors in it, as Erasmus, Amerbach, Buxtorf, Bau∣hin, and many others. Their publick Library, besides printed Books of all kinds, has many curious Manuscripts. The General Council held at Constance, that ended in 1418, decreed, That there should be such Ecclesiastical Assemblies called very often; and Pavia was agreed upon to meet in Anno 1423. but the Pestilence that hapned there, made it be changed for Siena, where the Council be∣gan on the 8th of November of that same year, and ended in February the year after. Pope Martin the Fifth presided in it, and ordered that another should be held in Basil seven years after, and accordingly he himself sent Cardinal Julien Caesari∣ni to preside there in 1431; but this Pope dying soon after, Eugenius the IV. succeeded him, and began the Council on the Month of July of the same year. The first Session was celebrated on the 14th of December, and this Council held a∣bout eighteen years, either at Basle, or at Lauzanne; but notwithstanding all the Precautions that were taken, there never could be a perfect Intelligence between that Pope and these Fathers, for they maintained that the Council was above the Pope; whereupon they differed to that degree, that Eugenius declared the Meeting dissolved, and called ano∣ther at Ferrara in 1437, which he afterwards removed to Florence in 1439, and thence in 1442 to Rome. All which time the Fathers of Basil continued their Sessions, which a∣mounted to XLV. And though they were but few in Num∣ber, and at difference amongst themselves, they deposed Eu∣genius, and chose Amedaeus VIII. Duke of Savoy on the 5th of November 1439, who was then in the Wilderness of Ri∣paille; and at the same time they decreed, that not only such as had been married, but also those that actually were, might be chosen Popes. This took the Name of Faelix the Fifth, but yielded to Nicholas the 5th on the 19th of June in 1449. At the beginning of the Council in 1431, the Hassites of Bohe∣mia were invited to Basle, and were admitted into the As∣sembly on the 9th of January of the year 1433, and debated for some days upon four Articles. This Assembly was ap∣proved by the Pope upon the request of the Emperor Sigis∣mond, who came in Person and protected it, when the diffe∣rence happened between the Pope and the Fathers thereof. The XLV. and last Session was held the 16th of May in 1443, yet the Council was not dissolved until the end of Faelix the Fifth's Schism. It was this Council that ordained the Prag∣matick Sanction, or Decree, which was received by an Assem∣bly of the Clergy of France held at Bourges in 1438, in Pre∣sence of King Charles the Seventh. The Art of making Pa∣per was first found here in 1417, by Anthony and Michael Ga∣licion, which gave great incouragement to Printers. Ber∣nard Richel began to Print here in 1478. It's supposed to have taken its Name from Basiliane, Mother to Julian the A∣postate. Dr. Burnet, who saw this Place, saith, it is a Town of the greatest extent of any in Switzerland, but it is not inhabited in proportion to its Extent. It stands upon a rising Ground on the Rhine from the Bridge, over which it shews like a Theatre. Little Basil, on the opposite Side of the River, makes about a fourth part of the whole Pile. It is surrounded with a Wall and a Ditch, but it is exposed on so many sides, and hath so dreadful a Neighbour of the Fort of Huningen, built by the present King of France within a quarter of a League of it, that it has nothing to trust to but its Union with the other Cantons. Their Fondness for their Priviledges, and refusing to share them with Strangers, are the Reasons why this City and Canton are no better Peo∣pled. * In this Place lyes buried the great Advancer of Learn∣ing, Erasmus, who dy'd here, saith Hoffman, July 11th, 1536, in the 70 year of his Age. And in this City, Holben, the great Printer (about the Time of Henry the Eighth) was born. The Library here is the best in all Switzerland, and has a fine Collection of Medals and Manuscripts of Latin Fa∣thers and Latin Translations of the Greeks in a Noble Room, and well methodized; most of the old Books were preserved here at the Reformation, and they believe the Council brought many hither which were never carried away. They reckon there is in this City 30000 Men able to bear Arms, and that they can raise in the Canton four more. It stands nine Leagues from Zurick, and twenty four from Nancy-Hoffman adds, that this City being excommunicated by the Pope for adhering to the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, the Le∣gat growing insolent thereupon, the Inhabitants drowned him in the Rhine, which obliged them to enter into a League with Zurick, Bern, &c. for mutual Defence. In the time of the Council of Basil, which Lewis XI. came with a great Ar∣my to dissolve, he defeated 6000 Swissers near this City. In 1444, they joyned with the rest of the Swissers against the House of Austria. The Nobility of the City was so enraged at the City's being Neuter, after the Victory obtain'd by the Swissers over the Emperor Maximilian, that they with∣drew into Franche Comte, Alsace, &c. which adminstred Cause of continual Quarrel; but the City happily overcame. The ancient Government was by the Nobility, whose frequent Discords amongst themselves occasioned great Commotions, many of them were banished for siding with Catherine of Burgundy, and their publick Enemies in the time of the Council, and many left the City upon the General League of the Cantons, and such as remained at the time of the Reformation withdrew into the neighbouring Castles, from which time the Senate has been chosen by the People. This City has been often visited with Pestilence, Fire, and Inundations. An. 1400, Joannes Maulbergius, a Dominican, who inveighed sharply against the Errors and Vices of the Age, foretold the Reformation. Basil is 54 Miles South of

• ... Strasburg, 120 North East of Genoua, and 256 East of Paris.
• Basilica, or Basilicate, a Province in the Kingdom of Na∣ples, which comprehends the greatest part of the ancient Lu∣cania, Calabria, the Land of Bari, and the Gulph of Taren∣tum. Cirenza is its Capital; the other Towns are Venosa, Tricario, Potenza, Fercondina, &c. This Province is very barren, and thin of Inhabitants.
• Basilica, this Name was at first given to those spacious Halls, wherein Kings sate in Person to hear their Subjects Grievances, and to do them Justice. It is derived from the Greek Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies Royal. These Halls were afterwards given to Judges, and the Christians turned some into Churches, and built most of their other Churches upon that Model, which differ only from the Temples of the Ancients in this, that the Colomns or Pillars are in the inside, whereas these of the Temples were without. Cicero and other Latin Authors, called all publick Structures by the Name of Basilica; so that all Courts of Justice, Princes Palaces, Colledges, and other magnificent Buildings, went by that Name.
• Basilicae, the Laws and Ordinances of the Emperors of Constantinople; this Name comes of the Greek Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies Imperial, in the Sence the Graecian Emperors gave it; for they attributed to themselves the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Basileus, giving other Soveraigns that of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Rex. These Ordinances writ in Greek, were published in 888 by the Emperor Leon VI. Sirnamed the Philosopher, Son to Basilius, and Brother to Constantine; they are divided into sixty parts, and are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, the Book of sixty Parts. It was the Emperor Basilius that was the first Projector of this Method, and it's thought that Ba∣silica was derived from his Name Basilius. Cujas.
• Basilides, Bishop of Astorga in Spain; he lived in the Third Age, about 258, and was accused of being a Libella∣ticus, that is, one of those, that during the Persecution, de∣nied Jesus Christ publickly, and received the Judges Pro∣tection. St. Cyprian.
• Basilides, the Heresiarck of Alexandria, Disciple of Simon Magus, lived in the Second Age; he imagined a ridiculous Series of God's proceeding one from another, and from them Angels, who created each a Heaven; he made the Number of these Heavens amount to 366, to answer the Number of Days in the Year; and added, that the Angels of the last Heaven created the Earth and the Men that inhabit it, and that their Prince was the God of the Jews, who designed to make all the other People subject to them. But the Father, who they say was unborn, and had no Name, sent his Son to hinder this Injustice: This Son appeared in the Shape of a Man, but was none, and the Jews put to Death Simon the Cyrenian instead of him. And for this reason they held that they ought not to believe in Jesus Christ crucified, but in him that appeared to be nailed on the Cross, though he was not really so; he permitted all carnal Lust, and made use of Images of Wax, and of all the Impieties of Ma∣gick. He denied the Resurrection of the Body, and main∣tained that God would pardon any Sins, but such as were committed through Ignorance. He died in the Reign of the Emperor Adrian, about the Year 125, and left a Son and Heir of his Impieties, by Name Isidorus, who writ a Trea∣tise, De adnata Anima. St. Epip. Baron.
• Basiliscus, who usurped the Eastern Empire in the Fifth Century; he was Brother to the Empress Verina, Wife of Leon, called the Old, and made Generalissimo of the Army that was sent against the Vandals; but having Intelligence with them, and a great Sum of Money sent him by Gense∣crius, he suffered the Fleet which he commanded to be burned. He some time after dethroned the Emperor Zeno, and seated himself in his Place, but was abhorred by every body for his Impieties; he had the Confidence to condemn the Council of Chalcedon, and openly declared for the Followers of Euty∣ches; he recalled the banished Heretick Bishops, and pub∣lished an Edict in their Favour against the Decision of the above mentioned Council. In the mean time Zeno returns with a powerful Army, gains Armatus General of Basiliscus's Army, reconciles himself to Verina his Step-Mother, and for her Sake pardoned his Enemy, who fled with his Wife Zeno∣nide and his Children into the great Church. This second Revolution happened in 477. Basiliscus was sent into Cappa∣docia, where he died of Hunger and Cold. Armatus had also a Son named Basiliscus, who perswaded his Father to revolt against the Tyrant, and was for that reason made Caesar by Zeno, but was afterwards, upon his Father's being put to Death for Treachery, reduced to be a Reader in our Lady Church of Blachernis, and some time after made Archbishop of Cyzicum in the Hellespont, that he might wear the Purple as if he were Caesar. Procopius Evagr.
• Basilius the great, Bishop of Cesarea in Cappadocea, was Son of Basilius, that afterwards became Priest, and Brother to Peter, Bishop of Sebasta, to Gregory of Nyssa, and to Macri∣na, all famous for Holiness of Life. He was born in 328, his Father took Care to teach him Humanity, after which he spent some time at Cesarea and Constantinople; and in 344, he went to continue his Studies at Athens, where he became very intimate with St. Gregory Nazianzen. Being returned from Athens, he visited the Monks of Aegypt, Pa∣lestina and Syria, and then withdrew himself into the Desert of Pontus, where he writ the Rules of a Monastick Life. This was in 362 and 370, after the Death of Eusebius; he was chosen Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocea, but much against his Will. He was persecuted by the Arians and other Here∣ticks, but he opposed them all with great Courage, they, and also divers of the Orthodox accused him of many Er∣rors, as that he admitted a Plurality of Essences in the Holy Trinity, because he made use of the Word Hypostasis, a Term in those days used to signifie Substance, and not Person. Be∣sides this, he was accused of befriending Eustathius of Se∣basta an Arian Bishop; but he shewed clearly that these were groundless Calumnies, and when he found that there was no hopes of rendring that Bishop any better by fair means and Forbearance, he writ against his Errors, and refuted them. He also writ against Apolinaris, and laboured with so much Zeal to unite the Faithful, that he was looked upon as the Peace maker of all the Churches of the World. He died on the first of January in 379, but the Latin Church transferred his Feast to the fourteenth, which was the day of his Ordi∣nation. He writ many Books, which are all well known. The Religious Order of St. Basilius is the most ancient of all other: It flourished much in the East, and there are scarce any other Religious Order there, but such as observe his Rule.
• Basilius, Bishop of Ancyra, Chief of the Semi-Arians, liv∣ed in the fourth Age. St. Jerome thinks that he was an Ara∣bian; he was very laborious, and a good Scholar. The A∣rians put him in Marcellus of Ancyra's Place, whom the Coun∣cil of Constantinople banished in 336, but he was deprived, and his Ordination declared null in 347, by the Council of Sardicum. In 351 he disputed against Photinus with good Success; and afterwards, when the Arians divided them∣selves into pure Arians and Semi-Arians, set up for Chief of the last, jointly with George of Laodicea. They acted vigo∣rously in the Council of Ancyra, and Sirmium in 359, a∣gainst the Arians and the Anomaeans. Basilius gain'd much Credit in the Emperor Constance's Court, and had a hand in in the third Confession of Faith that was made at Sirmium, and made his Part good in the Council of Sel••ucia in 359. The Acacians were his powerfulest Enemies, against whom he disputed in the Emperor's Presence, and upon some Oc∣casion, took the Liberty to tell this Prince, that he went a∣bout to ruine the Apostles Doctrine; to which the Emperor made Answer, that it was he himself who occasioned all the unhappy Disorders of the Church; from this time his Party grew weak, and himself was at length deposed in 360, by the Council of Constantinople, being accused of divers Crimes. St. Jerome. Socrates.
• Basilius, Bishop of Seleucia in Isauria, lived in the fifth Age, and was a Pious and Learned Prelate, but too ea∣sie to be seduc'd. It is likely he succeeded Daxien, who subscribed in 431, to the Council of Ephesus. He was against the Decisions of this Assembly, and favoured John of Antioch. In 348 he assisted at the Council of Constantinople, and the year after, at that which was called Latrocinium Ephesi •• He condemned Eutyches in the first, and in the last, the Rea∣sons of this Heresiark, upon a false Confession of Faith, took so with him, that he received him again into his Communi∣on, for which he was reprehended and deposed by the Gene∣ral Council of Chalcedon in 451; but was re-established a lit∣tle time after upon the humble Acknowledgment of his Fault. We do not certainly know the time of his Death. Photius attributes but fifteen Orations or Homilies to him, though we have forty three that bear his Name, translated out of Greek into Latin, by Claudius Dausquei, of St. Omer, Canon of Tournay.
• Basilius I. of that Name, Emperor of the Greeks, sir∣named the Macedonian, because he was of Macedonia, though his Flatterers would have him descended from the Arsacides. From a private Gentleman to the Emperor he was associated to the Empire by Michael the Third, called the Drinker, whom he endeavoured to reclaim from his disorderly Life; but it was Labour lost, and he found that this Prince had a Design upon his Life, whereof he took care to hinder the Execution. He was Crowned Emperor in 867, and he im∣ploy'd his first Labour for the Repose of the Church; he de∣posed the Patriarch Photius, to put Ignatius in his Place; but re-established him again, and took his Part so far, that he was angry with the Popes who refused to admit him into their Communion. He had good Success in the War which he begun in the East; he took Samosate, and his Fleet regained several Towns which the Sarazens had taken before in Sicily, and it was by his Care that the People of Russia were made Christians. He died the first of March 886, a little after he had set his Son and Heir at Liberty, whom he kept Pri∣soner for seven years, through the Lyes of one Theodorus San∣tabarinus. Curopalate.
• Basilius II. called the Young, was Emperor of the East, Son to Romanus the Young, and Theophania, who being a Widow, married Nicephorus Phocas: He and his Brother Con∣stantine Porphyrogenetes succeeded John Zimiscus in 975. He took

• some Sarazen Troopers into his Pay, and employ'd them in Italy, where he took Barri, Matera, and the Part of Apulcia and Calabria, which Zimiscus gave the Emperor Otho for the Portion of the Empress Theophania his Daughter; he over∣threw the Inhabitants of Tripoli, and Damascus; as also the Bulgarians, which got him the Name of Conqueror of the Bulgarians, who were the most dangerous Enemies the Empire had; they made themselves Masters of Servia, and of the best Places in Thessaly, and ravaged the neighbouring Provinces in a strange manner. But Basilius drove them out of all those Places in 1001, and gained a memorable Battel in 1013 against Samuel, Prince of the Bulgarians, who was endeavouring to settle in those Parts again. He took 15000 Prisoners in this Fight, whom he punished cruelly, putting out their Eyes, and sending them to their Homes, allowing each Company a Guide, with one Eye. This Cruelty broke Samuel's Heart, and got the Emperor no Credit, though he was famous for other Vertues. He died suddenly in 1025, and left his Crown to his Brother Constantine the Young. Zonaras, Cedrenus.
• Basilius I. of this Name, Great Duke of Muscovy, who lived in the latter end of the Tenth Age; his first Name was Woldimer, and he was Son of Steslaus. He embraced the Christian Faith in 988, and changed his Name Woldimer for Basilius, which became a Name common amongst the Dukes that succeeded him. Basilius II. Son to Demetrius II. lived about the Year 1400, and left George III. Father to Basili∣us III. this had John Basilides, to whom Basilius IV. succeed∣ed in 1505, and was much esteemed for his Wisdom, Cou∣rage, and several Victories which he gained against the Tar∣tars. He died in 1533. Sansovin.
• Basilius Suiski, Great Duke of Muscovy, mounted the Throne in 1606, when Demetrius was murthered by the Rebels, but was rival'd by another Demetrius, backed by the Polan∣ders, who defeated his Army at Kovelsko in 1607, worsted him the next Year at Bolchow, and at last dethroned him in 1610, and shut him up in the Fort of Gostin, where he end∣ed his Life miserably. Jacob. Butenfels.
• Basilius, a Priest of Cilicia, lived in the latter end of the Fifth Age, in the Reign of Zenon and Anastasius. He com∣posed an Ecclesiastical History in three Books, and made sixteen others against John of Scythopolis, which we have lost.
• Basilius, a certain Physitian who lived in the latter end of the Eleventh, and the beginning of the Twefth Age. It is said of him that he put on a Fryars Habit, and went about to teach the Errors of the Bongomiles, of which he himself was the Head; and that after he had followed this Office fifty years, he was taken at Constantinople, where the Emperor Alexis Comnenus the Ancient, caused him to be burnt about 1118. Baron. a. Ch. 1118.
• Basilius (John of Padua) a Lawyer and Cosmographer, lived in the Thirteenth Century, about 1320: He writ di∣vers Books, and among the rest one of the Illustrious Fami∣lies of Padua.
• Basina, Wife to Basinus, King of Thuringia, to whom Childeric, King of France fled, in 459. Basina was so enamour∣ed with this Stranger, that she left her Husband and follow∣ed him; Childeric marry'd her, and begot Clouis I.
• * Basingstoke, a Market Town of Basingstoke Hundred, in the North Parts of Hampshire, 39 Miles from London; near to it the Duke of Bolton has a Seat, formerly, a stately and Beau∣tiful Structure, and the greatest House of any Subject in England, but now ruinous.
• Basques, or the Country of the Basques, which some call the French Biscay, is part of Gascony, between the Spanish Na∣varre, the Bearne, the Landes, and that part of the Ocean which is call'd the Sea of the Basques, it comprehends the Lower Na∣varre, in which is St. Palace, the Country of Labour, where are Bagonne, and the Viscounty of Soule, whereof the Capital is Mauleon of Soule. The Name of Basques or Bascos comes from the Latin Vascones, for so these People were called be∣fore Charlemain subdued Gascony. The Basques are commend∣ed for their Address and Fidelity, and for their Skill in Commerce with the Spaniards; they make certain Bargains, which they term Lies and Passcries. Their Language is par∣ticular, and they are known by their Drums. De Marca.
• Bassa, See Bacha.
• Bassanello, or Bassano, a little Town in the Patrimony of St. Peter in Italy; near the place where the River Nero joyns the Tibre, and not far of, the lake which the Ancients called Lacus Vadimonis, where P. Cornelius Dolabella, the Romaa Con∣sul, defeated the Gauls and Tuscans in 471. Tit. liv. Polyb.
• Bassano, a Town of Italy, in the Marcha of Trevisana, be∣longing to the State of Venice: It is scituated upon the Ri∣ver of Brente, in a Country which abounds in all things, and especially in Silks. The Carrares, ancient Lords of Padua, were of Bassano, which was also the Birth-place of several famous Painters, and of Lazarus Bassanus, that Learned Lin∣guist, who first taught Greek at Bolognia, and afterwards at Padua.
• Basse'e upon Duele, a Town in Flanders, on the Frontiers of Artois, five Leagues from Lisle. It has been often taken and re-taken in this Age, but was at last left to the French by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle in 1668.
• * Basse, an Island in the River Forth in Scotland, about eight Miles South of the Isle of May. It is nearer the Coast of Lothian than that of Fife by several Miles, yet is reckoned to be∣long to the latter. It was formerly in Possession of a Family Sirnamed Lauder, who though they had ample Possessions elsewhere, chose the Basse for Title. It is on every side a steep and inaccessible Rock, except on the South-west, and there only accessible by one at a time, and that not without the help of a Cable or Crane; at the top of that small Passage there is a Fort mounted with some Cannon, so that it is al∣together impregnable. It was surpriz'd since the Revoluti∣on by some of the late King's Party, with the Help of some Prisoners within; but being of small Circuit, and at a great distance from the Shoar on each side, as it is not capable of receiving, neither is it capable of doing much hurt. It hath Grass for about twenty Sheep, and a small Warren with some Rabbets, and rises to a great height in a Conical Form above the Sea. It hath a Fountain of very clear fresh Wa∣ter, and is especially noted for Birds called Soland-Geese, which come thither in April or May in great Numbers, at which time the Inhabitants are careful not to disturb them till they have built their Nests, after which they cannot be frighted by any Noise whatever. They are somewhat less than common Geese, but fatter than any other Fowl, and tast much like Herring, on which they feed. They lay but one Egg, and that no oftner than once a year; and if their Egg be removed from its Place, no Man can make it lye there again. A great Profit is made by their young ones, which are taken from the Nests by one let down over the Rock with a Cable: They are of an Ash Colour, but the old ones are all White; their Feathers do also bring a great Income for filling of Beds; they have a long Neck like a Crane, and a Bill as long as ones Middle-finger, which is extreamly sharp, and so firmly fix'd to their Breast-bone, that it cannot be pull'd thence. Nature having provided thus for its Preservation, lest it should break its Neck by striking at its Prey, which it does with that Violence, as to strike through a Fish so deep into a Plank, that they cannot pull their Beak out again, so that they are often taken by fastning a Herring to a Board on purpose. It is also ob∣served concerning them, that if they be out of sight of the Sea, they cannot fly. The Sticks of their Nests furnish Fu∣el to the Inhabitants. Gordon. Theat. Scotiae.
• Bassen••in (James) a Scotchman, in great esteem in the last Age, composed several Treatises of Mathematicks; amongst others, one of the Use of the Astrolabe, and another of the Sphere.
• Bassi (Angelo) called Politian, one of the Learnedest Men that were in Italy in the end of the Fifteenth Age; he was of Monte Puloiano, which is a little Town of Tuscany, called in Latin, Mons Politianus, whence he had the Name of Poli∣tian. He was much esteemed for his Wit and great Skill in the Latin and Greek Tongue, which he taught for twelve years at Florence, whether he was invited by Laurence de Me∣dicis, who drew all the ablest Men of his Time thither. Bassi being then a Priest, got a Canonicate, and was made Tutor to Cosmus of Medicis's Children, whereof one was John, who afterwards was Pope, under the Name of Leo the Tenth. Here Bassi enjoyed himself quietly, conversing dai∣ly with learned Men, but most of all with John Picus of Mi∣randula. It was then he composed his Greek and Latin Epi∣stles, which are in such great esteem among the Learned, and writ the witty Verses, for which Paul Jove called him the Divine Poet, together with his admirable Translation of Herodian. But Medicis's Disgrace occasioned that of all the Learned Men of Florence: Angelus Politian had his Part in it, which also broke his Heart, for he died in 1594, being forty years of age. Paulus Jovius, Vossius.
• Bassolis (John) a Franciscan, some will have him to be a Disciple of Scotus. He got the Title of Doctor Ordinatissi∣mus, and recommended himself to Posterity by several Books that he published, as Commentaria seu Lectura in quatuor Li∣bros sententiarum. Miscellanca Philosophica & Medica, &c. He lived in the Fifteenth Century. Bellarmine.
• Bassompierre (Francis) Knight of the Kings Orders, Col∣lonel of the Suissers, and Mareschal of France, was born in 1579, of a Noble Family in Lorrain. Christopher of Bassompi∣erre his Father, a Man of Worth and Courage, was wound∣ed in the Battel of Moncontour, and had the Title of Baron of Harouel, a Place in Lorrain. Francis Bassompierre was made Master of the Artillery in 1617, at the Siege of Castle Por∣cien; and in 1620, he served Mareschal de Camp, at the Fight of Pont de cé, and at the Sieges of St. John de Angeli and Mont Pellier, &c. The King made him Mareschal of France the 29th of August 1621, and sent him Extraordinary Em∣bassador into Spain, where he was when Philip the Third di∣ed. He was afterwards imploy'd in Suisserland and England by King Lewis the Thirteenth: He was at the Siege of Ro∣chelle, at the Attack of the Passage of Susa, and on all occa∣sions gave great Proofs of his Conduct and Valour; notwith∣standing all which, he was seiz'd in 1631, and put in the Bastille, where he was kept as long as Cardinal Richelieu liv∣ed. It was in his Imprisonment there that he compos'd his Memoires, and his Remarks upon the History

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• of Lewis the Thirteenth, written by Dupleix; with the Re∣lation of his Embassies, and his Conduct in those Negotiati∣ons. After Lewis the Thirteenth had set him at Liberty, he made him Knight of his own Order, restored him to his Place of Collonel of the Switzers, and would have him be Governor of his Person; which he declin'd by reason of his great Age and Weakness. He dy'd in 1646 of an Apoplexy, at the Duke of Vitry's House in Brie.
• Bassora, the Capital of a Kingdom called of Bassora, scituated at the farther Corner of Arabia deserta, upon the Borders of the Province of I••rak, near the River Schat-el-Arab, which is nothing but the Euphrates and Tigris joyned together. It is twelve Leagues from the Persian Gulph, which is thereabouts call'd the Gulph of Bassora. Its Port is very good and safe, and since the Ruine of Or∣mus, a great number of Ships with Goods from the East-Indies come hither. The Scituation of this Town is so very advantagious, that it might be made one of the finest Places in the World, and as rich as any, because it lyes so well for Commerce, that all Nations may Trade with it. Though there grow abundance of excellent Grapes about Bassora, yet none dares to make either Wine or Brandy, both being pro∣hibited under very great Penalties; the Bassa indeed had gi∣ven the Carmelites Leave to make Wine, but this Priviledge cost them so much, that now they send to Schi••as for the Wine they use at Mass. The Bassa of this Place is not changed every three years, as the others of Turkey, but is in some manner Hereditary, and sometimes he prevails with the Grand Signior, by making him some considerable Pre∣sent, to have his Son succeed him. Besides his ordinary Re∣venues, he is a great Gainer by the Persians that go to Mecha, for they come all by Bassora, and he furnishes them with Camels for their Journey, and makes them pay what he pleases for them. He has moreover, 35 Sequins of every one of them to guard them to Mecha and back again. This Bacha's Subjects are either Arabians or Sabeans; he has also some that are Persians, and some Indians, who have two Pa∣godes at Bassora. There are no other Francs or Christians here, but bare-footed Carm••lites, whose Church serves the Nestorians and Armenians, who pray, but never say Mass in it. The other Francs that come to Bassora, as English, French, Dutch, &c. come only to Traffick. The Bacha possesses all the Country of Gaban towards Persia, and on Bagdat side; and has Dgezair, an Island with a Fort in it to command the Euphrates and Tigris, which meet at the Point of this Island and in Arabia Foelix; he is Master of Port Elcatif, and the Town of Lehsa. * This City was built by Omar II. Calif of the Sarazens, about the year of Christ 643, as Abul. Pharais saith. It is fifteen days Journey from Babylon, six hundred Miles from Ormus, and twenty Leagues from the Euphrates. Taver. P. 65. Within two Leagues of it stands the Ruines of Teredon, an ancient City, and of great Circuit. Balsara stands half a League from the Euphrates, and the Tide runs up beyond this City as far as the Fort of Gozno. About 150 years agone, this City belonged to the Arabians, and then it was taken by the Turks, and by one of their Bashas, sold to Effrasias, who was the Grand-Father of Hussen Prince of Bal∣sara in 1652, and so they revolted from the Turks. Sha-A∣bas and Amurath, both attempted this City; the latter, af∣ter he had taken Bagdat, the other after he had reduc'd Or∣mus, both unsuccessfully. This Prince has since made it a free Mart for all the World, and governs it with great Or∣der and Justice; so that it is thronged with all Nations, and is a Center of Trade between the Indies and the rest of Asia, to the West and North, as far as Smyrna and Moscow. The Prince takes not above 4 per Cent, yet is able to lay up three Millions of Livres in a year; his principal Gain arising from Horses, Camels, Dates, and Money re-minted. The Christians of St. John are very numerous hereabout, amounting to 25000 Families, but of a degenerate corrupted Faith, for want of Knowledge, and the Books of the Scriptures, which the Ma∣hometans have deprived them of. It is worth observing what dreadful Ignorance follows this Loss, most excellently de∣scribed by Tavernier, B. 11. Chap. 8. The Nubian Geogra∣phers every where calls it Basra, and placeth it fifteen Stations from Bagdat, eight from Waset, and two from Abadan (that is, thirty six Miles, as he explains it) to the North, Pag. 120, 121. Avicenna, the great Arabian Physician, was born here in the year of the Hegyra 370, An. Ch. 992, and dy'd at Ha∣mada, being 58 years old.—Frederick Venetus, who saw it in 1563, calls it Basora, an Arabian City, now under the Turk, who keeps it by an Army with vast Charges. The A∣rabians, called Zizarii, possess the Country about it, and the Turks cannot yet conquer them, they being a warlike popu∣lous Nation. This City is from the Gulph of Persia fifteen Miles, and drives a great Trade with Ormus for Spice and Drugs, carrying thither Rice and Dates of her own Growth; from Ormus it is distant 600 Miles. Hack. T. 2. P. 215. Ib. P. 251. It has store of Wheat, Rice, and Dates, where∣with they serve Babylon, Ormus, and all Parts of India. It is one English Mile and half in Circuit; all the Buildings of the Castle and Walls, are of Brick dry'd in the Sun. Every Month there came then hither from Ormus, divers Ships, from 40 to 60 Tuns, laden with Spices, Drugs, Indico, and Calecut Cloth, now called Caleco. Hack. P. 270. The••en••t.
• Bassus, an Heretick of the Second Age, he was Disciple to Cerinthus, Ebion, and Valentin; he held that the Lives of Men, and the Perfection of all Things, consisted in twen∣ty four Letter, and seven Planets; adding, that we are not to hope for true Salvation in Jesus Christ. Prateole.
• Baste (George) General of the Imperialists; he distinguished himself in the beginning of this Age by his great Valor and Conduct, Commanded in Hungary in 1601, defeated the rebellious Transilvanians, cut 2000 of them in pieces at the Battel of Moitin, took 42 Cannons, 106 Colours, and all their Baggage, made himself Master of Clausemburg, and the next year, by carrying Bistrith or Nessa, forced the Re∣bels to have recourse to the Emperor's Clemency. Ciro, Spontani.
• Bastia, or the Bastie, Capital of the Isle of Corsica, has a strong Fort, and convenient Haven: It is thought to be the Mantinum of the Ancients. The Island belongs to the Genou∣eses, and the Governor resides at Bastie, whose Inhabitants are good Sea-men, and great Pirates. This Town is 64 Miles South of Legorn.
• Bastile, a Royal Castle, which Charles the Fifth built for the Defence of Paris against the English. It's said, that it was Hugues Aubricot, Provost of the Merchants, or Major of the Town, that gave the Design of the Work, and laid the first Stone of the Building the 22d of April 1369. It's re∣markable, that he himself was the first Priso••••r that was put into it, being accused of Judaism, and of Impiety against the Holy Sacrament. In 1634 it was environed with a Ditch and Bulwarks. This Castle consists of eight great Towers, with Apartments between every two. It is here that all Prison∣ers of State, that have done any thing against the Publick, or Government, are kept.
• Bastingius (Jeremy) Professor of Divinity in the Universi∣ty of Leiden. He was Born in 1554 at Calice, whither his Parents came from Gant, where they were persecuted for be∣ing Protestants. They bred their Son up in their own Sen∣timents, and sent him to study at Bremen, whence he went to Geneva, and then to Heidelberg, and so became very know∣ing in all Languages, especially in the Greek and Hebrew. He was invited to Antwerp by those of his Party, and was made a Minister of the Protestant Church; but the Town being taken in 1585 by the Duke of Parma, Bastingius withdrew to Dordrecht, after which he was made Professor of Divinity in the new University of Leiden, where he dy'd in 1598. Meursius.
• Bastion of France, a Fortress in Barbary, six Miles from Bonne, between the Kingdom of Tunis and Algier, the Black Cape, and the Cape of Roses. There was formerly a Building of this Name within three Miles of the Fort, built in 1560 by two Merchants of Marscilles, with the Grand Signiors Consent, to serve as a Magazine and Place of Retreat for the Fishers of Coral, and such as advanced Traffick in Corn, Skins and Wax, which they brought thither. But some time after, this Building was demolished by the Soldiers of Algier. In 1628, Lewis the Thirteenth gave Order to Mon∣sieur d' Argencour, Governor of Narbonne and Architect to his Majesty, to build a Fort there; but having laid the Foun∣dation within three Miles of the Old, he was attack'd by the Moors and Arabians, who forc'd him to quit the Work, and re-imbark for France. The King sent afterwards and finished the Work in 1633, which is still in the Possession of France, and has good Cannons mounted upon the Point of the Bastion, with a strong Garison in it. It comprehends within its Walls two Magazines, one for Merchandize, and another for Provisions, with a Chapel and Hospital. Dapper.
• Bastoine, or Bastonach, Bactonia and Bactonacum, a little Town of the Low Countries in Luxemburg, near the Forest of Ardenne, three Leagues from Neuf Château, and eight from Luxembourg. It is a Town so well built, and of so great Trading, that the People of the Country call it Paris in Ardenne.
• * Baston (Robert) a Carmelite Fryer, and famous Poet, in the time of Edward the Second, who carried him with him to Scotland to Celebrate his Victories, but receiving a total Overthrow at the famous Battel of Banockburn; Bast••n being taken, was obliged to Celebrate the Victory of the Scots for his Ransome: He begun his Poem thus.

  De planotu cudo metrum cum carmine nudo, Risum retrudo dum tali themate Ludo.

  And after a melancholy Description of the Battel, in the same sort of jingling Rhime, he concludes thus.

  Sum Carmelita Baston cognomine dictus, Heu dole vitâ in tanta strage relictus, Si quid deliqui, si quae recitanda reliqui, Haec addant hi qui non sunt sermonis iniqui.

  He was born at Nottingham, and bred at Starborough.
• Batase, a Player on the Flute: It was he that first mad•• use of Womens Apparel upon the Stage, which is the reas••••

• Bavari, a Warlike people of Germany formerly known by the name of Boii, Boioares; they have carried their victorious Arms into Italy, Greece, and to the other side of the Hellespont, and were the first Germans that travers'd the Alpes, and pitcht their Standards on the Banks of the River Tyber and Thermo∣don. They possessed that part of Germany, that lies between Pannonia, Suabia, Italy and the Danube. Some say, Clovis over∣came them when he Conquered Germany, but he never pre∣scrib'd them Laws, for they always had a Duke of their Nation, who was confirmed by the King of Austrasia, one of the Race of the Agilolfingues, descendants of Agilolsus, who very probably was he that brought them into Germany. The Bavarians of these last Ages, have not degenerated from the Valour of their Ancestors; for they have stopt the Arms of the Northern people, and have been so serviceable to the Empire, that it may be well said, That the Emperor never did any considerable thing without them.
• Bavaria, called by the Germans Baiern, a Large Country in Germany, has the Title of Duchy, and is now an Electo∣rate. It has Austria to the East, the Danube to the North, the County of Tyrol to the South, and Suabia to the West. All this Country does not belong to the Duke of Bavaria, for there are many Princes that have some part of it; The Duke has Municken, Capital of his Estates, besides Ingolstadt, Rain, Burchaus••n, Landshut, &c. The other parts of Bavaria are the Archbishoprick of Saltzbourg, the Bishopricks of Ratis∣honne, ••assaw, and Freising••n, the Duchy of Neubourg, the Counties of Hag, of Orthembourg, &c. The Elector of Ba∣varia possesses a great part of the Palatinate of Bavaria to the North of the Danube, which has for Capital Amberg upon the River Vuils, and there are also the County of Chamb, and the Landgraviat of L••uchtemberg, whereof Pfreint is Capital, with the Bishoprick of Aichstat, and the Lordship of Saltz∣bach, the County of Castel, &c. Bavaria is divided into four great Balywicks, viz. Munich, Landshut, Straubing, and Burchaus••n. As for the high Palatinate that was joyned to Bavaria by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, it is a Duke∣dom that comprehends several Counties and Cities, whereof Amberg is the most considerable, and the Seat of the High-Court of Justice in that Country, whence there is no Appeal: The Landtgraviat of Leuchtemberg fell to the Duke of Bava∣ria in 1556, by the death of Maximilian Adam, last Landt∣grave of that Province, according to an agreement made between both Houses of mutual Succession upon the failing of either Family. There is the like brotherly agreement of mutual Succession between the House of Bavaria and the Palatinate of the Rhine. This House of Bavaria has had se∣veral Illustrious Princes, for not to mention the Kings that were of it, when Bavaria had the Title of a Kingdom, and reached as far as the Borders of Hungary and Bohemia, which held from the V. to the beginning of the IX. Age; the same House that now is, has furnished Germany with two Emperors, Swedeland and Norway with Kings, as also the Kingdoms of Den∣mark, and several of it have been Counts of Holland, and Electors o•• the Empire; which dignity was conferred upon that Family in 1648. at the Peace of Munster; the Electoral Dignity whereof, Frederick the V. Count Palatine of the Rhine was deprived, after the year 1621. being then given to Maxi∣milian Count Palatine and Duke of Bavaria and his Heirs: An eighth Electorate was created for Charles Lodowick, Son to Frederick.
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  The Genealogy of the Family of Bavaria.
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    Authors differ about it, some deriving their Original from Antenor General of the Henetians and Paphlagonians, who came into Italy after the ruine of Troy, some from the Em∣peror Arnold who died in 899. And others recount five or six different Princes, who all had the Titles of Dukes of Bava∣ria at the same time, as the Emperor Henry II. the Dukes of Saxony, &c. but Modern Authors agree, that they are de∣scended from the Counts of Schiren and Wittelspatch, of which opinion is Schowart, whose Account is thus:

    Henry the Lion, D. of Bavaria and Saxony, being pro∣scrib'd by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, in 1180, he in∣vested therewith Otho I. call'd the Great Count of Schiren and Wittelspach; he was succeeded by his Son Lewis, whose Son Otho II. Married Agnes, Grand-daughter to Henry the Lion, which united the contending parties; and in 1227, the Emperor Frederick bestowed upon Lewis the Palatinate of the Rhine, with the Electoral Dignity. Lewis died in 1253. succeed∣ed by Lewis the Severe his eldest Son, whose Son Lewis III. was the propagator of the Bavarian Line: He was born in 1287, brought up at Vienna, Invested in the Upper Bavaria, chosen Emperor in 1314, and after the death of his Kinsman, the D. of the Lower Bavaria enjoyed most of his Dominions. Waldemar Marquess of Brandenburgh being dead, he gave that Electorate to his own Son Lewis, he had War with, and took Frederick the Fair of Austria in 1323, was engaged in Controversies with the Pope, and died by a fall from his Horse in 1347. He was twice Married, had a numerous issue, and was succeeded by his Son Stephen I. who died in 1375, having been Married to Elizabeth Daughter of Lewis K. of Hungary and Sicily, by whom he had many Children, of whom Stephen, Frederick and John are most remarkable. Stephen II. had Ingolstadt for his share, was extreamly beloved by his Subjects, and famous for Piety and Virtue; he had a Son called Lewis the Bearded, of a turbulent Temper, who could neither endure an equal nor superior, and he had War with his own Son Lewis the Crouchback, whom he would have disinherited in favour of a Bastard Son; but being worsted, he was Imprisoned at Neuburg, and was sold to Al∣bert of Brandenburg, and again to the Prince of Bavaria of Landshutt, in whose Prison he ended his days. Frederick, sir∣nam'd the Wise, second Son to Stephen I. was famous for Composing discords among Neighbouring Princes. One of his Daughters was Married to the Elector of Brandenburg, and another to the Viscount of Milan. His Son Henry suc∣ceeded, who by the Male-administration of his Guardians, was reduced almost to want; but yet by his own good Hus∣bandry, did afterwards lay up so much Wealth, that he was sirnam'd the Rich. His Son Lewis succeeded in 1450. and Confiscated the Jews: He was succeeded by his Son George, who founded the University of Ingolstadt, and made his Daughter Elizabeth, Married to Robert X. Elector Palatine, Heiress, which occasioned the Bloody Bavarian War: So that the Bavarian Line was preserved by John abovemention∣ed, youngest Son to St••phen I. who had Munichen for his share, where he died in 1397. The most noted of his Children were William III. who defended the Council of Basil. Sophia Married to the Emperor Wenceslaus in 1428. and Ernest, whose Son Albert III. continued the Line; the most remarkable of his Children were Christopher, born in 1450, famous for his Valour and Strength; and Albert IV. who had cruel War with Philip, Elector Palatine, for the Inheritance of George the Rich, of the Lower Bavaria: He died in 1508. and by Cuni∣gunda of Austria, had, amongst others, Ernest, chosen Arch∣bishop of Saltzburg and Passaw, who freed those Churches from Debt, and augmented their Wealth without squeezing his Subjects; at last he resigned them, and liv'd on his own Estate in Silesia. William Albert IV. was succeeded by his eldest Son William IV. who by Mechtilda of Baden, had Albert V. Married on Anna, Daughter to the Emperor Ferdinand I. and dying in 1579. left William V. his Successor, Ernest and Ferdinand, from whom are descended the Counts of Wartenberg and Schaumborg, Francis Bp. of Osnabrug, Ernest III. Elector of Cologne, and Mary Married to Charles of Austria. William V. abovementioned, the Preserver of the Bavarian Line, and Founder of the Wilhelmine Branch, was extreamly Pious, and much addicted to Learning: He Mar∣ried Renata of Lorrain, by whom he had Maximilian his Suc∣cessor; Mary Married to the Emperor Ferdinand II. Philip Bp. of Ratisbonne and Cardinal; Ferdinand Archbishop of Cologne, Bp. of Liege, Munster, Hildesheim and Paderborn, who died in 1650. Albert IV. Tutor to the Son of his Brother Maximilian, and Administrator of the Electorate, and Father to Maximi∣lian Henry, Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, Bishop of Liege, Hildesheim, Munster, &c. who had a Controversy with the Elector of Mentz, about Crowning the K. of the Romans in 1658, and died May 24. 1688. Maximilian succeeded his Father William as abovementioned, Ap. 17. 1573. he seis'd Donawart in 1607. was General of the Popish League in 1609. obtain'd the Electoral Dignity in 1623. with the Upper Pa∣latinate and County of Chamb, taken from Frederick Elector Palatine, chosen K. of Bohemia, and confirm'd to him by the Peace of Osnabrug in 1646. He succeeded also to the Landt∣graviat of Leuchtenburg by the death of the Landtgrave, and died Sept. 1651. He had for his first Wife Elizabeth of Lorrain; and for his second Anne of Austria, Daughter to the Emperor Ferdinand II. by whom he had Ferdinand-Maria-Franciscus-Ignatius-Wolfgangas, who succeeded him in 1651. Married Henrietta of Savoy, who died in 1676, and he followed in 1679. His Children were, 1. Maria-Anna-Christina-Victoria, Married to the Dauphin of France in 1680, and died in April 1690. She was a Princess extreamly Witty and Ambitious, but opposed her Husbands being imployed against the Ger∣mans: It being presumed, that if ever she lived to be Queen, she would have a great share of the Government, abundance Addressed themselves to her, which is thought to have hast∣ened her Fate; however she hath left three Sons to secure the Succession of the French Crown. 2. Maximilianus-Maria-Emmanuel-Cajetanus-Ludovicus-Franciscus-Ignatius-Antonina-Fe∣lix-Nicolaus-Pius, the present Elector, born in 1662. June 11. who hath already immortaliz'd his Fame in the War against the Turks and French; and as an earnest of greater things, the K. of Spain hath constituted him Hereditary Governor of the Netherlands in 1692. where he pass'd the following Campagne in Conjunction with K. William III. of Great Britain, and hath brought the disordered Affairs of that Countrey into a better posture: He Married Mary-Anthony, Daughter to the present Emperor Leopold in 1686, who died January 1691/2. at Vienna, in Child-bed of the Electoral Prince. 3. Josephus-Clemens-Cajetanus-Franciscus-Antonius-Casparus-Melchior-Baltha∣sar-Joannes-Baptista-Nicolaus, born in 1671. Decemb. 5. Bp. of Ratisbonne and Frisingen; and July 14. 1688. chosen Archbp. and Elector of Cologne, after a long Controversy with Cardi∣nal Furst••••nberg, who was supported by the Interest of the

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    French K. Lewis XIV. 4. Violanta Beatrix, born in 1673, and Married in 1688. to the Great Duke of Tuscany's eldest Son. Besides the gradual increase of this Family mention'd in the Genealogy, they have purchas'd abundance of Cities and Counties, besides what they have acquired by Marriages, the present King of Sweden is descended from this Family, and has pretensions to the Dutchy of Deuxponts; and the Duke of Neuburg, who is also of this Family, did by ami∣cable Composition obtain from the Duke of Brandenburg the Dutchy of Juliers and Monts, and County of Ravenstein. The greatest part of their Decrease has been in our Age, for by the Treaty of Osnabrug they parted with the Upper-Austria to the Emperor, which they had by the way of Mort∣gage, and with Bergstraff to the Archbishop of Mentz; and the French have seized the Dutchy of Deuxponts, County of Weldentz, and many Cities as Dependencies of Alsace, besides the Counties of Sponheim, Simeren, and Lauteren, and the Devastations they have made in the Palatinate. Schouart. Observ. Histor. General. M••reri says, that the Electoral Dignity was conferred on this Family with this Proviso, That if the Willh••lmine Branch should fail the 8th Electorate is to cease, and the Rhodolphin or Palatine Branch are to return to their ancient Dignity and Possession. The youngest Sons of the House of Bavaria sit amongst the Princes at the Diet of the Empire next to the Temporal Electors, and have Nine or Ten Voices.

• * Baudisea, or Vodisea, a British Queen, who being in∣cens'd against the Romans for their Pride and Avarice, cut of 70000 of 'em and their Associates, but was at last over∣come by Suetonius, and Poison'd Anno Christi 62. Cambd.
• Baudius Dominick, a Learned Lawyer, Professor of Elo∣quence at Leiden, Native of Lisle in Flanders, where he was born in 1561. He began his Studies in Aix la Chapelle, whi∣ther his Parents withdrew, because the Duke of Alva was very rigorous to all Protestants in the Low-Countreys. He continued his Studies in Leiden and Geneva, and afterwards applied himself to the Law under Hugo Donelius, and became Doctor of it in 1585. Sometime after he went along with the Ambassadors of the States sent to Q. Elizabeth, and was much esteemed for his great Parts by all the Learned Men in England. Afterwards he went back to the Hague, and thence into France, where he was much looked upon by Har∣lay first President of the Parliament of Paris, who made him Atturney of it, and sent him along with his Son whom Henry IV. was at that time sending Ambassador into England. After this Baudius returned to Leiden, where he died in 1613. He wrote Monita Civilis Sapientiae, De Induciis belli Belgici, Com∣mentariolus de faenor.
• Baudouin I. Emperor of Constantinople, was before Count of Flanders and Hainault, and Son of Baldwin the Couragious, and of Margaret of Alsace. He join'd with the French in the Croisade, An. 1200. took Zara with the Venetians, put the young Alexis on the Throne of his Father Isaac Angelo made himself Master of Constantinople, after he had driven thence Murzufla•• the Tyrant that strangled Alexis IV. This happened in 1204, and he himself was chosen Emperor some Months after. He besieged Adrianople in 1205, but was forced to raise the Siege to meet Joannitze King of the Bulga∣rians coming to its Relief. This Expedition proved very unlucky to him, for he was taken in an Ambuscade, and was kept close Prisoner at Trinobis or Ernoc Capital of Bulgaria, to the end of July 1206, when he was put to death, leaving his Right to the Empire to his Brother Henry. Du Cange.
• Baudou••n II. Son to Peter Courtenai Emperor of Constanti∣nople, by his second Wife Yoland of Hainault, Sister to Bald∣win I. He was born in 1217, and succeeded his Brother Ro∣bert, who died in 1228, but being too young to govern the Empire, John of Brienne King of Jerusalem was sent for, who came to Constantinople in 1234. Baldwin Married his Daugh∣ter, and both were Crowned in 1239, which is generally reckoned the first year of his Reign. He came to France in 1237, for help from St. Lewis, and engaged the Count of Namur to him. He also consented that King Lewis should release the Thorns of our Saviours Crown, the Spunge, and the Lance that pierced his Side, which he himself pawned to the Venetians for a considerable Sum. St. Lewis paid the Money, and Baldwin went back to Constantinople, declared War against John Varace Emperor of Nice, defeated his Army, and took some Places from him in Thrace; after which he made a League with the Sultan of Iconium, one of the power∣fullest Princes among the Infidels, and then came to France, where he was present at the General Council held at Lyons in 1245, and receiving the news of the death of Theodorus Las∣caris, he returned to Constantinople in great hopes of becoming Master of all the Empire. But at the time that he laid Siege to Daphnisi a Town upon the Black Sea, he himself was sur∣prised by Alexis Cesar Sirnamed Strategopule, General to Michael Paleologus, who entered into Constantinople by a Wa∣ter Conduit, being led by some of the Treacherous Inhabi∣tants, on the 25th of July at night, in 1261, after that City had been for 58 years governed by the Latins. The Empe∣ror came into Italy, with Pantaleon Justinian Patriarch of Con∣stantinople along with him, and made some stay at Naples, and was about a Treaty with Charles I. for the recovery of the Empite, but to no purpose. He died in 1273. Nangis & Du Cange.
• Baudouin I. of the name King of Jeruasalem, was Son to Eustach Count of Bologne, and followed his Brother Godfrey into the Holy Land, where he had the Principality of Ed••ssa. He succeeded his Brother Godfrey, and was Crowned King of Jerusalem the 25th of December 1100, the same year that his Brother died. In 1101 he took Antipatris, Cesarea, and Azote, and kill'd 5000 Saracens at Ascalon, and with the succour of 70 Genouese Ships made himself Master of Acre the 24th of May 1104, by a Siege of 20 Months; and after some other Advantages over the Saracens, he died without Issue in the year 1118.
• Baudouin II. of Bourg, Son to Hugh Count of Rethel, was Crowned this same year, when Eustach Count of Bolognia, Brother to Godfrey and Baudouin I. had quitted his Pretensions to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. On the 14th of August, 1120, he kill'd 14000 Saracens that had defeated 9000 of Roger of Antioch's Army. He was made Prisoner the year after, ran∣somed in 1124, and died in 1131, the 13th year of his Reign.
• Baudouin III. Son of Fouques of Anjou, succeeded the former in 1143, but being young his Mother Melisinde go∣verned the Kingdom. In 1145 the Christians lost the Town of Edessa, and their Affairs began to be in a very ill posture in Palestine, to redress them Lewis VII. King of France call'd the Young, the Emperor Conradus, and several other Princes took the Cross in 1146, at St. Bernard's solicitation; but this Undertaking had no success. Baudouin besieged Ascalon in February 1153, and took it the 20th of the following Aug. and made himself Master of several Towns on the Sea-side. His Courage and Wisdom supported the Affairs of the Holy Land a long time, but he died the 23d of February 1163. It's said, that when the Saracens desired Sultan Naradin to fall upon the Christians at his Burial, he made Answer, That it became themselves to have some concern for their grief, since it was for the loss of so great a Prince as the whole World could not Paralel. Guil. de Tyre.
• Baudouin IV. Son of Amauris and Agnes of Courtenay, came to the Crown after his Fathers death, which happened in 1174. Raimond Count of Tripoli governed the Kingdom in this Kings Minority, who was sirnamed Ladre or Leper. This Distemper hinder'd him from Marrying, but that there might be Successors of his Blood, he Married his Sister Si∣bylle to William Count of Montferrat sirnamed Long-Sword, who was Father to Baudouin V. William dying some time after, Baudouin Married his Sister to Guy of Lusignan, and defeated about the same time Saladin who came to surprise Jerusalem. Baudouin died in 1185, his Nephew survived him but a year, being Poisoned, as was thought, by his Mother Sibylle, to get the Crown for her Husband Guy. Guil. de Tyre.
• Baudouin I. Sirnamed Iron-Arm Count of Flanders, Son, as some say, to Audacker great Forester of that Country, for the Low-Countreys being all covered with Trees, the Gover∣nors sent thither by the Kings of France were called Foresters. This Baudouin died in 877. Le Mire.
• Baudouin II. call'd the Bald, Son of Baudouin I. succeeded in his Estate, from whom Charles the Simple took Arras, tho' he had done considerable Services against the Danes and Nor∣mans. This Baudouin II. died the 2d of January 918, and was succeeded by Arnoul the Great his Son.
• Baudouin III. sirnamed the Young, was Son to Arnoul, and began to Reign in the year 958, with much Wisdom and Judgment; he died in 961.
• Baudouin IV. Count of Flanders and Artois called Fairbeard, was Son of Arnol II. He succeeded his Father in 989, took Valentienne and other places, and would have probably been the most fortunate Prince of his time, had not his Son Bau∣douin V. made War against him.
• Baudouin V. called the Frieslander, & afterwards the Meek, was one of the greatest Princes of his time, he can only be discommended in listning more to his Ambition then to the Voice of Nature; for he drove his Father Baudouin Fairbeard out of his Estate, where he settled himself by the assistance of Richard III. or, as some will have it, of Robert II. Duke of Normandy. He subdued the Frisons, and declared in fa∣vour of Godfrey III. against the Emperor Henry III. called the Black. After the death of Henry I. King of France, Baudouin was chosen Guardian to his Nephew Philip I. was entrusted with the government of the Realm during the young King's Minority, and gave manifest proofs how well he deserved the Honour that was done him. He died the first of Septem. 1067, and did nothing remarkable.
• Baudouin VII. Son to Robert II. call'd the Jerosolimitan, some Authors sirnamed him The Young, because he succeeded his Father when very Young; he sided with Lewis the Burly against Henry I. King of England, and died in 1119 of a Wound he received at the Attack of a little Castle in Nor∣mandy.
• Baudouin VIII. sirnamed the Courageous, Son to Baudouin VI. called the Builder, succeeded to the County of Flanders after the death of Philip of Alsace in 1191, being Count of Hainault from 1170. He did Homage to Philip Augustus in 1192, and delivered him the Country of Artois; after which he died in 1195.
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• Commentarii, ab Anno Christi 1461, ad Annum 1580. He dy'd in 1591. Sponde Sainte Marth.

• Beauce, Beaulse or Beausse, Belsia, a Province of France, whose Limits are nor known. Some do divide it into Up∣per, Middle and Lower: Others particularly give the Name of Beauce to the Country which is betwixt Paris and Orle∣ance, which so much abounds in Corn, that it is call'd the Granary of France. There are some who comprehend under the Name of Great Beauce, the Country of Chartres, the Ga∣tinois, Puissay, that of Orleans, Sologne, part of the Blaosois a∣bout the River of Loire, and even the V••ndòmois, and Dunois on the side of Perche; so Beauce would have thirty or thirty five Leagues in breadth from Dreux to Romorentin, and near fifty in Length from the Maine to Champagne.
• * Beauchamp, those of this Family, have been Possessors of Bedford, Eton, Elmley, Earls and Dukes of Warwick, Lords Berga∣veny, Powyke, Holt, Bletsho, St. Amand, Essex, and Hacch.
• * Beauchamp (Henry) Earl of Warwick, &c. Son to Ri∣chard Beauchamp aforesaid, succeeded to his Father's Titles and Inheritance, was by King Henry VI. who had a particular Affection to him, Crown'd King of the Isles of Wight, Garn∣sey and Jersey, An, 1445, but the Title expir'd with his Life two years after.
• * Beauchamp (Sir John) was Steward of the House to King Richard II. and by his Letters Patents made Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster; and reckon'd the first created by Letters Patent: He was afterwards beheaded by the Barons, who accused him and others of Mis-government. Camb. Brit.
• * Beauchamp (Richard) Earl of Warwick, was born in Worcestershire in 1381, and liv'd in the several Reigns of Ri∣chard II. Henry IV. Henry V. and Henry VI. being scarce 22 years old in the fifth of Henry IV. He Challenged and Just∣ed with all Comers at the Queen's Coronation. He routed Owen Glendover, the Welch Rebel, put him to flight, fought a pitch'd Battel against the two Piercies at Shrewsberry, and overcame them. In his Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, being challenged by an Italian Prince to fight at Axes, Swords, and sharp Daggers, he had kill'd him at the second Weapon, had not some interposed. He signaliz'd himself in several Battels in France; was sent by King Henry V. to the Council of Constance, with a Retinue of 800 Horse-men. Here he Kill'd a German Duke, who challeng'd him, and that in the Presence of Sigismund the Emperor, and his Empress, which last was so taken with his Valor, that she took the Badge from one of his Men (being a plain Bear in Silver) and wore it on her Shoulder; but the next day the Earl pre∣sented her with one made of Pearls and precious Stones. Be∣ing sent by King Henry V. with 1000 Men at Arms to fetch Queen Katharine, sole Daughter to the King of France, he fought the Earls of Vendosin and Limosin, kill'd one of them with his own Hand, routed a Body of 5000 Men, and brought the Lady safe to the King. He was by the said King's Will, appointed Governor to his Son, during his Mi∣nority, and made Lieutenant of France. He dy'd at Roven, April 30th 1439, whence his Body was brought into England, and buried in a stately Tomb in a Chapel of the Collegiate Church of Warwick, where his Epitaph in Brass is pointed with Bears (which was the Crest of his Arms) instead of Comma's, Colons and Periods.
• * Beauchamp, a Place near Calais in Picardy, whence the Duke of Somerset takes part of his Title.
• Beauclair (Charles) the present Duke of St. Albans, is a Natural Son of King Charles II. by Eleanor Gwin. He was created Baron of Haddington and Earl of Burford in 1676, and Duke of St. Albans in 1684.
• Beaucler•• (Charles le) Lord of Acheres and Rougemont, Se∣cretary of State under Lewis XIII. was Son to John le Beau∣clere, Treasurer General of the Extraordinary Expences of War. He dy'd at Paris in 1630: He valued Honour more than Riches; and it is observ'd, that excepting 20000 Crowns which the King gave him to buy his House at Paris, it can hardly be said that he augmented his Estate during fifty years that he was in the Imployments, wherein so many others do enrich themselves. Fauvelet du Toc.
• Beaufor•• in Valeé, a City of France in Anjou, with the Ti∣tle of County, and a Seat of Justice, depending on the Pre∣sidial of Angiers. It is a pretty Town, near Angiers and Pont de Ce. It stands 18 Miles East of Angers, and 42 West of Tours. Long. 18. 18. Lat. 47. 25.
• Beaufort, a little City of France in Champagne, belonging to the House of Vendosme; King Henry the Great erected it into a Duchy in 1597, in favour of Gabrielle d'Estree's, who was named the Dutchess of Beaufort. Francis of Ven∣dosm, a Peer of France, &c. bore the Title of Duke of Beau∣fort, and was in Candia in the year 1669.
• * Beaufort (Margaret) Countess of Richmond and Derby, Great Grand-Child to Edward III. and Mother to Henry VII. was Born in Bedfordshire; she was so Zealous, according to the Manner of these Times, as to say, that if the Christrian Princes would raise an Army to recover the Holy Land, she would be their Landress. She Founded Christ's and St. John's Colledges in Cambridge, and dy'd in the beginning of the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, her Grand-Child.
• * Beaufort is a Castle in France, which belonged heretofore to the House of Lancaster, and was much beloved by John of Gaunt, who caused all his Children that he had by Katha∣rine Swinford to be called Beauforts, who were afterwards Dukes of Somerset and Exeter, and Marquesses and Earls of Dorset.
• The Son of the Duke of Vendosme in France, was honored with the Title of Duke of Beaufort, by Lewis the Thirteenth of France; and in England, the most Noble Henry Somers••t, Late Marquess of Worcester, being descended from the Anci∣ent Dukes of Somerset, had that Title bestowed upon him by Charles the Second, of most blessed Memory, who, in the 24th year of his Reign, also Constituted him President of the Council in the Principality of Wales. On the 17th of April 1672, he was Sworn of his Majesties most Honorable Privy Council, and on the 3d of June next following, was install'd at Windsor, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter.
• This Duke derives his Genealogy by a Male Line, from Geoffry Plantagin••t, Earl of Anjoy, Son of Foulke, King of Je∣rusalem, and Grand-Son of Foulke Rechin, Earl of Anjoy, Tou∣raine and Maine, by Maude the Empress his Wife, Daughter of Henry the First, King of England, Son of King William the Conqueror, Seventh Duke of Normandy, in Descent from Rollo the Dane—Whence it is observable, that his Progeni∣tors have flourish'd with the Titles of Kings, Dukes, Mar∣quesses and Earls, and have not descended to a Lower Dig∣nity for above these 700 years.
• Ragland-Castle, a Princely Seat in Monmouthshire, belong∣ing to his Grace the Duke of Beaufort's Family, which his Grand-Pather, Henry Marquess of Worcester, maintained with a Garison of 800 Men, during the late Civil Wars, for King Charles the First, from 1642, till August 19th 1646, with∣out receiving any Contribution from the Country, and then yielded it to the Parliaments G••neralissimo, Sir Thomas Fair∣fax (who in Person besieged it) upon very Honorable Arti∣cles, for all the Officers and Soldiers that were therein, and was the last Garison that held out against that Victorious Army. After its being yielded, it was demolished, and all the Timber in the three Parks that lay to the House, cut down, and sold by the Committees for Sequestration, the Offal of which (for there was no Coppice Wood in any of the Parks) amounted, according to the Sub-Committees (who were not used to acknowledge the utmost of the Profits they made) to 37000 Cords of Wood, by which the Value of the Timber may be a little guess'd at. The Lead that covered the Castle was sold fo 6000 l. and the Timber, a great part of it to Bristol, to build up the Houses upon the Bridge, which hapned to have been lately burnt. The Loss to this Family in the House and Woods, has been modestly computed at 100000 l. besides at least as great a Sum lent to his then Majesty, by the aforesaid Marquess, and the Main∣taining the above mentioned Garison, and raising and main∣taining two several Armies at his Expence, Commanded by his Son, Edward Earl of Glamorgan, and the Sequestration from 1646, and afterwards the Sale of that whole Estate by the Rump, which amounted, as appears by that years Audit, to above 20000 l. per Annum, and was not restored till his Majesty King Charles the Second's happy Restoration in 1660, when Edward, then Marquess of Worc••ster, Father to the now Duke of Beaufort, had the Possession delivered him, of what Part of that Estate he had not, during that necessi∣tous time, sold and past away.
• Badminton, in the County of Gloucester, is the present Dwell∣ing of the Duke of Beaufort (his Ancient and Chief Seat, viz. Ragland-Castle in Monmouthshire, having been pull'd down and demollished by the Rebels in the year 1646.)
• This Seat is by the Contrivance and Expence of the pre∣sent Owner of it, put into such a Condition, as to be esteem∣ed for Number and Largeness of Parks and Gardens, Num∣ber and Length of Walks and Avenues, of Orange-Houses, Orange-Trees, Fountains, and other Embellishments, Pa∣docks, Hare-Warrens, and other Contrivances for Sport, and the Openness of the Country about it (taking all toge∣ther) one of the most accomplished in England, or perhaps, of a Subjects any where else.
• Chepstow is part of the Possessions, and one of the Titles of Henry Duke of Beaufort.
• Swanzy, the Chief Town of Gowerland, or Seign••ory of Gower (a large Tract of Land, lying to the Sea, in the County of Glamorgan) one of the Titles, and part of the Possessions of Henry Duke of Beaufort.
• Monmouth-Castle and Town, part of the Possessions of Charles Marquess of Worcester, Son and Heir apparent to his Grace the Duke of Beaufort. The Castle formerly belonged to the Dukes of Lancaster, and was the Place where our fa∣mous King Henry V. was born.
• Beaufremont, one of the most Illusttious, and most An∣cient Families of Burgundy.
• Beaujen, in Latin Baujovium, or Belliocum upon Andiere, a Borough of France in Beaujolois, with a Castle, which gave its Name to the same Country of Beaujolois, and to the Lords of the House of Beaujeu. It stands 30 Miles North of Lions, and 14 S. W. of Mascon; Lon. 23. 50. Lat. 45. 50.

• Beaujeu, a Family which draweth its Original from Be∣raud, Lord of Beaujeu, who liv'd about the Year 950, and who dy'd afore the Year 967.
• Beaujolois, a small Country of France, with the Title of Barony, situated betwixt the Sone and the Loire, the Lyonnois, the Forets, Charolois, and the Mâconnois. Ville Franche is the Ca∣pital City thereof. The most considerable Boroughs after Beaujeu, are Belle Ville, Thizi, Amplepui, Pereux, St. Sapho∣rin, &c. This Country is fertile enough in Corn, Wines, Hemp, &c.
• Beaulieu (Augustin of) Native of Roan, commonly named General Beaulieu, made his first Voyage to the Country of the Negroes, upon the Coast of Africk, in 1612, with the Chevalier de Briqueville, a Gentleman of Normandy, Designing to establish there a French Colony. In 1616, there was a Com∣pany setled for the Commerce of the East-Indies, which sent two Ships thither, the bigest of them was commanded by de Nets, and the second by Beaulieu. In 1619, the Company sent again two Ships thither, with a Pinnace, and made Beaulieu General of this little Fleet. He Detached his Vice-Admiral, upon his parting from the Cape of Good Hope, to send him to Jacatra or Batavia, in the Isle of Java, one of the Isles of the Sound; where, as he was about to return with his Cargo, the Hollanders by Night set Fire to his Ship. That hindered not Beaulieu to come back with one Vessel so richly laden, that there was enough to pay the Charges of the Voyage, which would have been very profitable, had the other Ship come with its Goods, which were valued at more than 500000 Crowns. Beaulieu served the King afterwards in very important Affairs, chiefly in the Isle of Ré, and in taking the Isles of St. Margaret and St. Honorat upon the Coast of Provence. After which he fell sick at Thoulon, of a hot Fever, whereof he dy'd in 1637, Aged forty eight years. Thevenot.
• Beaulieu (Jeofrey) of) a Monk of the Order of St. Domi∣nick, lived in the Thirteenth Age, and he was twenty years Preacher and Confessor to St. Lewis. He writ the Life of this King in several Letters.
• Beaumanoir, a Family, one of the most considerable of the Province of Maine.
• * Beaumaris, in Latin Bellomariscus, a City of England, in the Isle of Anglesey, with a Port at the Chanel of Menai. It depends on the Principality of Wales, has a pretty good Trade, and sends one Burgess to Parliament. It's 184 Miles from London.
• Beaumont, or Baumont, Bellomontium, a little Town of France in Normandy. It is near the Sea in the Coutantin, be∣twixt Cherbourg, Valogne, and St. Saviour the Vicount.
• Beaumont, a Town of the Low Countries in Hainault, with the Title of County. It's Name sheweth its Situation, which is very fine, upon a little Hill; wherefore the Latin Authors call it Bellus-mons and Bellomontium. It is not big, but plea∣sant, and about four Leagues from Bins and Chinai, and seven from Mons. It was taken from the French, and burnt by the Confederates, An. 1691. It lies 9 Miles South East of Mau∣beuge, 15 South East of Mons.
• Beaumont in Argonne, a small City of France in Champag∣ne, in the little Country of Argonne. It is near the Meuse, betwixt Stenai and Pont-a-Mousson, and suffered much during the Wars in the middle of this Age.
• Beaumont upon Oise, a City of France, in the Isle of France, with the Title of County. It is scituated upon the Descent of a Hill, which extends it self to the Bank of the River of Oise, where there is a fine Bridge.
• Beaumont-le-Roger, upon the River of Rille, a City of France, in Normandy, betwixt Evreux and Lizieux. It hath rhe Title of a County. Roger, one of its Earls built, or at least augmented it, from whom it hath its Name.
• * Beaumont (Francis) one of our chief Dramatick Poets; lived in the last Age, contemporary with Fletcher, Ben John∣son and Shakespear; he was intimate with the first, and wrote no less then 52 Plays with him. They being once in a Ta∣vern together, to contrive the rude Draught of a Comedy, Fletcher undertook to kill the King therein, which being o∣verheard, he was accused of High-Treason, till upon De∣monstration, that the Plot was only against a Dramatick and Scenical King, it went off in Mirth.
• Beaumont le Vicomte, upon the Sarte, a City of France, in the Maine, with the Title of a Duchy: It is pretty fine, be∣twixt Mans and Alencon. This City was in times past a Vicounty, and therefore is yet named Beaumont le Vi∣comte. It stands 17 Miles South of Alencon, and 13 North of Mans.
• Beaune upon Bourgcoise, Belna, a City of France in Burgun∣dy, four Leagues from the Sone, betwixt Dijon, Autun and Chalon. It is very ancient, strong by situation, well built, and its Soil extraordinary fruitful, especially in good Wines. Several Dukes of Burgundy have made it their ordinary Resi∣dence, and King Lewis the Twelfth built the Castle, which is yet there to be seen, with many Churches and Monaste∣ries; as the famous Abbey of the Cistersians, the Head of the Order, which is in the Territory of this City. It was the first Seat of the Parliament of Burgundy, under the Name of General Daies. Burgundy being returned to the Crown in 1361, by the Death of Philip de Rouvre, King John gave that Parliament Leave to judge in a Soveraign manner; and since that time the same Province having been re-united to the Crown in 1477, after the Death of Charles the Rash, King Lew∣is the Eleventh fixed this Soveraign Court of Justice, and made it a Parliament. Beaune revolted at the same time, and for this reason the King setled a Council-Chamber at Dijon, where the Parliament hath continued ever since: This was done in May 1477. Beaune hath a Chancellorship and Bayl∣wick: It suffered much in 1562, during the Wars about Reli∣gion. Its Hospital is one of the finest Structures of the Kingdom.
• Beaune, a Family which hath had divers Prelates of great Name.
• Beaune (Florimond of) Counsellor of the Presidial of Blois, was born in that City in 1601: He was well skill'd in the Mathematicks, and was much esteemed by M. Descartes, who went to Blois that he might discourse with him. Bartholin visited him too, in the Name of the United Provinces, to confer with him upon some very difficult Matters, and he was willing himself to write what this Learned Man dicta∣ted. Florimond of Beaune invented several Astronomical Instru∣ments, and amongst others, Spectacles or Eye-glasses of an admirable Artifice. He dy'd in 1652, being 51 years old. Bernier.
• Beauvais upon Therin, a City of France, in the Isle of France, with a Bayliwick Presidial, and a Bishoprick that has the Title of County and Peerage, and is Suffragant of Reims. It is the Capital of the small Country of Beauvoisis, which hath besides Clermont, Gerberoi, Bulles, &c. Beauvais is very anci∣ent, and was in great consideration even in Caesar's time, who speaks advantagiously of the Beauvoisins, saying, That they did commonly riase 60000 Men, and could encrease them to 100000. The Latin Authors have named it Bellovacum, Bratuspantium, Caesaromagus, Bellovaci, &c. It submitted to Caesar, and was under the Romans, till subdued by the French under Clovis, to whom it hath been so faithful, that 'twas never taken from them; for which reason, some Authors call it the Maiden. The English endeavoured to surprize it in 1433, but without Success, be∣ing forced to raise the Siege. Charles the Rash, last Duke of Burgundy, was no happier in his Enterprize upon Beauvais, in 1472: For after 26 days Siege he was obliged to rise from before it, upon which this little Story was made: The Artillery of that Duke was excellent, and he said one day, that he carry'd the Keys of the Cities of France in his Can∣nons. A Jester whom he had in his Court, laughing at this Vanity, affected to look into all the Pieces of Artillery; and his Care having made the Duke curious, he asked him what he looked for: My Lord, answered the Jester, I look for the Keys of Beauvais; but I cannot find them. In the latter Age Beauvais had its share of the Troubles of the Civil Wars. Odet, Cardinal of Chatillon, was Bishop of this City, and a Protestant, which often made the Roman Catholicks rise, and chiefly on the Holy-days of Easter, in 1561, that this Prelate communicated after the Protestant Manner, in the Chapel of his Episcopal Palace, refusing to celebrate Mass in the Cathedral. Beauvais is a very pleasant City, pretty well built, and environed with a Ditch, filled with the Water of the Therin, part of which serves for the Work-men that make several sorts of Cloths, Silks, and other Manufactures. The Streets are large and fair, but the Hou∣ses almost all of Wood: Strangers do admire its Market, which is perhaps the greatest and finest in the Kingdom; the Episcopal Palace, which is very strong, and well built and the Quire of the Cathedral Church of St. Peter, which was begun about 991, and is an incomparable Piece of Ar∣chitecture. It is commonly thought that St. Lucian was the first Bishop of Beauvais; but it is not well grounded, nor do they speak with certainty of his Successors for seven or eight Cen∣turies: Since that time it has had great Prelates. A Coun∣cil was held at Beauvais in 1114, by Conon Bishop of Praenestae, Legat for the Holy See. The Emperor Henry V. was Ex∣communicated there, as also Thomas of Marle, Lord of Couci, who was degraded from his Nobility for plundering the Churches and People of the Bishoprick of Reims, Laon, and Amiens. The same Conon held there two other Synods in 1120, and 1124, according to some Authors. Lewis the Young, King of France, assembled one there in 1161, against the Anti-Pope Victor, opposed to Alexander III. Odet of Cha∣tillon, Cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais, held two Synods in 1554, and 1557, before he declared for the Protestants.
• Beauveau, a Family in Anjou, illustrious for its Nobility, by the great Men it hath produced, and by its Alli∣ances.
• Beauvillier, a Noble Family, that hath produced the Earls and Dukes of St. Aignan.
• Bebius, Consul of the Romans with P. Cornelius, in the same year that the Books of Numa Pompilius were found. In digging the Earth at the Foot of the Janiculum, two Chests of Stone were discovered, one of which had an Inscription, bearing, that the Body of Numa Pampilius lay in it; and that of the other shew'd, That there were Books hid∣den therein, It being opened, seven Latin Volumes were found in it, with as many Greek. The Latin ones treat∣ed 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• about for Pasture, changing Places as the Grass fails. They live upon the Milk of these Beasts, and some Cakes made with Flower and Butter, or Honey. Their Desarts are di∣vided amongst the Tribes, and each Tribe into several Fa∣milies, which take up different Quarters. The Head of a Family is named Scheik, which signifies Captain; and that of a Tribe Scheik-el-Kebir, that is Grand Scheik, or Colonel. Sul∣tan Amurath would have had them to live in Cities, and pro∣mised to exempt them from all Taxes, but they refused it. Their Arms are Lances or Half-Pikes, Scimetars and great Poniards. They use no Fire-Arms, neither do they know how to handle them. They wear Shields covered with the Skin of a Fish of the Red-Sea, which hath two hands like a Man, and a Skin re∣sembling a Camels. They have excellent Horses, which are small, but swift, and endure Fatigues. They say they are Mahometans, yet do not observe their Ceremonies, but wor∣ship the Rising Sun, and have no other Prayer but Rismillah, i. e. in the Name of God. Thevenot.
• * Bedwin, Great Bedwin, a Borough Town of Kings-Bridge Hundred, in the North of Wiltshire.
• Beel-Phegor, or Baal-Peor, an Idol of the Moabites, to which they offered Sacrifices. Origen, Homil. 20. On the Numbers, saith, That he could find nothing in the Writings of the Hebrews concerning this Idol, but that it was an Idol of Impurity and Lust. Beel-Phegor, saith he, is the Name of an Idol which is adored in the Country of Madian, chiefly by the Women. The People of Israel devoted themselves to its Ser∣vice, and were initiated in his Mysteries. Rabbin Salomon of Lunel, or Jarchi, in his Commentary upon the 25th of Num∣bers, believeth this Name signifies to loose a Point before some body, and that these Idolators did this dirty Action before Beel-Phegor. St. Jerome upon the 4th and 9th of the Prophet Ho∣sea, and in the 1st Book against Jovinian, Chap. 12. thinks that this Beel-Phegor of the Moabites and Madianites, is the same with the Latin Priapus. Others believe that this Idol received its Name from some Prince, who was reckoned among the Gods; or from some Mountain of that Name: For there was in the Country of Moab a Mountain called Phegor, and it's believed there was a Temple of Baal there, where Sacrifi∣ces were offered to him. Balac (saith Moses, Numb. 23. v. 28.) conducted Balaam to the Top of Phegor, over against the Desart of Jesimon. Theodoret upon Psalm 105, makes the Name of Beel-Phegor to come thence. There is mention made in the 34th of Deuteronomy, of Beth-Phegor, or the House of Phegor, in that Country of Moab, near the Valley where Moses was buried. The Names of Beth-Dagon, of Bethshemesh, &c. seem to be Proofs that Beth-Phegor may there be taken for the Mountain where the Temple of the Idol was: For the He∣brews call a Temple Beth, that is, a House. See Vossius, Of the Idolaetry of Pagans, Lib. 2. Chap. 7.
• Beelzebub, or Balzebub, that is God-Fly, or God of a Fly, was the Name of a famous Idol of Ekron, mentioned in the second Book of Kings, Chap. 1. Some Authors believe that the Jews gave it this Name in Derision, because in the Temple of Jerusalem there were no Flies seen on the Victims. Scaliger is of this Opinion; but it is much more probable that the Ekronites themselves gave this Name to their God since Ahaziah, who sent to consult this false Divinity, calls him by that Name, and that there is no likelihood that he would consult a God, whom he derided. It seems this Idol was named the God Fly, or of a Fly, because he was called upon against Flies; for the Arcadians sacrificed every year to such a like God, called Myagros. The Jews, because of the Hatred they had against this Idol, called the Devil Beelzebub.
• Beelzephon, or Baalsephon, an Idol of the Eyptians. This Name is composed of Beel, Lord or God, and of Zephon, hid∣den, or the North, as if one should say the hidden God, or the God of the North. This Name was also given to the Place where that Idol was put upon the Borders of Egypt, about the Red Sea. Rabbi Aben-Ezra saith, That it was a Talisman of Brass, which Pharao's Magicians had made, to hinder the Israelites from flying out of Egypt, that their En∣deavours might be stopt by the Magick Force of these Idols. There are some who believe that this Idol of Beelzephon had the Figure of a Dog, and that it barked when any Israe∣lite passed by that Place to get away. Kircher Oedip. Egypt.
• Beford, or Befort, Befordia & Befortium, a small City of Germany in Santgaw, or County of Ferrete in Alsatia, two Leagues from Montbeliard. It was quitted to the French by the Peace of Munster in 1648. Befort was in times past the Capital of the County, and almost ruined during the last Wars. It's seven Leagues West from Basil, and 18 South West of Stratsbourg.
• Beg or Bey, in the Turkish Tongue signifieth Lord. This Word is often joyned to others, as Beglerbeg, viz. Lord of Lords. Assambey or Assambeg, the Lord or Prince Hassan.
• Beglerbeg, in Turky, is a Governor of one of the Chiefest Governments of the Empire. The Sultan gives each of these Beglerbegs three Ensigns, which are call'd Tougs, for a Note of their Quality. They have under their Jurisdiction several Sangiacs, or particular Governments, and Begs, A∣gas, and other Officers, who obey them. There are two sorts of Beglerbegs; the one have a certain Revenue assigned upon the Cities, Boroughs, and Villages of their Govern∣ment, which the Officers raise by the Power of the Commission which they receive from the Sultan. This Revenue is called Chas. The others have a certain Rent paid them by the Treasurers of the Grand Signior in their Government, and this Pension is called Saliane. There are 22 Beglerbegs with Chas, and 6 with Saliane; but they are become almost independant on the Grand Signior. There are 5 of these Beglerbegs who have the Title of Vizirs, or Counsellors of State. In each Beglerbegship or Government, there are three Principal Officers with the Beglerbeg, who are the Mufti, the Reis-Efeudi, called otherwise Reis-Kitab, and the Defterdar. The Mufti is the Head of the Religion; Reis-Efeudi is the Secretary of State, and the Defterdar is the Treasurer of the Exchequer. These three Officers are the principal Counsellors of the Beglerbegs and Bassas of Provin∣ces. Ricaut, of the Ottoman Empire.
• Beguards, and Beguines, a certain Sect of pretended Haere∣ticks, who rose in Germany and in the Low-Countries, about the end of the XIII. Age. They made profession of Mo∣nastical Life, without observing Celibacy; and maintained, if we may believe the Monks, most pernicious Errors: For they believed that Man could become as perfect in this Life, as he shall be in Heaven; That every intellectual Nature is of it self happy, without the succour of Grace; and that he who is in this state of perfection, ought to perform no good works, (which I suspect to be a calumny, drawn from some mystical Phrases) nor worship the Sacrament. These pretended Hereticks found many followers in Germany, though they were condemned in several Councils. They were Ba∣nish'd Basil by the persuasion of Mulberg a Dominican Preach∣er; their Houses were given to the Bishops and others, and their Furniture to the Franciscans in 1411. Stumfius Hist. Basil. The Beguines were of two sorts, the first made no Vows, and followed the Opinions of the Beguards and Mar∣garet Parete. The others were not condemned, and lived under the Constitutions of one St. Begga, Sister to St. Ger∣trude; or as others say, of a holy Priest named Lambert Begha. Pope John XXII. successor to Clement, distinguisheth these two sorts of Beguines, which is worthy of observation, for there are as yet in the Low-Countries some of these Nuns. Sander. Prateol.
• Behemoth: This word signifies in general Beasts of bur∣then, and all manner of Cattel, and it is taken in Job, ch. XL. for an Ox of an extraordinary bigness. The Talmudist Do∣ctours, and Allegorical Authors of the Jews, and amongst others R. Eliezer, says, that God created this great Beast named Behemoth, the sixth day, and that it feeds upon a Thousand Mountains in a day, and that the Grass of these Thousand Mountains grows up again during the night; and that the Waters of Jordan serve him for drink. They add, that this Behemoth is destined to make a great Banquet to the Just at the end of the World. The most judicious Jews take not this story for a truth; but say, 'tis an Allegory, that signifies the Joy and Pleasures of the Just, which are figured by this Feast. Bochart hath shewn at large in the 2d part of his Hierozoicon, l. 5. ch. xv. That the Behemoth of Job, is the Hippopotame, or a Sea-Horse. Ludolf's History of Abissinia.
• Beja, a City of Portugal, with the Title of Duchy: It is the Pax Julia of the Ancients, as the most learned Criticks are perswaded. Beja was a Roman Colony, and there are yet illustrious Monuments of what it has been in times past; as the remainders of its Water-Conduits, Medals, Inscrip∣tions, &c. It is betwixt Cadaon and Guadiana or Anas, two Leagues from the latter, and Ten or Twelve from the Sea. Its Territory is pretty Fertile, and the City Rich and Strong. Antonin-Merula, Mariana.
• * Beila, or Beia, a Town belonging to the Kingdom of Tunis in Africa, situate in a Soil so fruitful, that the Africans say, That if they had but two Bala's, there would be as many Grains of Corn in Africa as Sands in the Sea.
• Beila, a Town of Italy in the Principality of Piedmont, and Sig. of Vercelli, the head of a Territory Subject to the D. of Savoy; It stands on a Hill 8 miles W. of Masserano, and 32 N. of Turin. Lon. 72. 43. Lat. 45. 03.
• Beilstein, in Latin Bilistinum and Bilstinum, a small City of Germany in Veteravia, with the Title of a County which hath some Villages depending on it: It is betwixt Marpurg, Nassau, and Coblents.
• Beira, a Province or Government of Portugal, which compriseth the Country called Ribeira of Coa, from Conim∣bria unto Guarda and Aveiro: It is the dwelling place of the ancient People of Spain called Transeudani, as Vasconcellos hath remarked. This Province is 130 Leagues long, and 30 broad,
• Bel, or Belus, whom the Scripture nameth Nimrod, was the first King of Assyria after the Flood, and the confusion of Tongues. He begun to Reign at Babylon, which he built upon the Banks of Euphrates in 1879. of the World, and died after he had Reigned 65 years in 1914. He was honoured as a God after his death. According to other Chronologers, who follow Herodotus, Belus, Father to Ninus, lived in the time of the Judges of Israel, and the Empire of the Assyrians lasted but 500 years. Marsham.

• Bela I. King of H••ngary, was Son to Bol••slas the Bald. He associated to the Crown his Brother Andrew I. and then about 1061. he drove him out with the help of Bol••slas King of Poland, who gave him his Daughter in Marriage. Bela died after a Reign of three years, in 1063. It is said he caused Silver Money to be Coined, regulated Weights and Measures, and put to death all the Hungarians who had quitted the Christian Religion, to return to Idolatry. Gersa his Son fearing the Arms of Emperor H. IV. yielded the Kingdom to his Cousin Solomon, Son to Andrew I. Bonfin.
• Bela II. Son to Armos called the Blind, because his Brother Coloman had caused his eyes to be pull'd out, and banish∣ed him with his Family: He was recalled, after the death of his Uncle Stephen, the second Successor, and Brother to the same Coloman, about 1132, and Reigned with a great deal of Prudence. He waged War against some Rebels, and a∣mongst others, against Boricus, Bastard to Coloman, who would have ravish'd the Crown from him, but was Banished. Bela II. Married the Daughter of the Earl of Servin, of whom he had Geisa III. and two other Sons who Reigned Successively after him. He died in 1141.
• Bela III. came to the Crown after his Brother Stephen III. in 1173. and purged the Kingdom of a great many Thieves that Robbed on every side. He Married in 1185 Margaret of France, Daughter to Lewis the Young, Sister to Philippa Augusta, and Widow to Henry the young, called Short-Mantle, King of England. Bela III. died in 1196. leaving two Sons, Emerick and Andrew II. who were both Kings.
• Bela IV. Son to Andrew II. succeeded his Father in 1235. He was very Valiant, but not successful, having had the misfortune to see his Son Stephen V. Revolt against him, and Hungary laid desolate by the Tartars, so that he was forced to fly, and retire into the Isles of the Adriatick Sea. Pope Clement V. reconciled him to his Son, and Gregory IX. pub∣lished a Croisade in his favour, against the Barbarians. He was re-inthroned by the succour of the Knights of Rhodes, and the Frangipani, and he died in 1260, or 1275, according to Bonfinius, l. 2. dec. 8.
• Belcastro, or Belicastro, a City of Italy in Calabria, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of St. Severina; it is betwixt the latter City and the Sea: The Modern Authors call it Bellicastrum. It is commonly taken for the Chonia of the Ancients; but there is a greater likelihood that it hath been built upon the ruines of Petillia, whereof Strabo, Plinius, Ptolomy, and Pomponius Mela make mention: It stands 5 miles from the Sea, and 13 S W. of St. Severino.
• * Beledes, the 50 Daughters of Danaus, who all, except Hypemnestra kill'd their Husbands on their Marriage night. See Daniaes.
• Belenu•• or B••le••os, a name which the Gauls gave to the Sun, which they also called Mithra, and whose Letters taken for Figures make 365.
• Be e••me, a City of France in the Upper Perche, with a Castle: It's Territory is very considerable; The States of the Province are commonly held there. It is on the Fron∣tiers of Perche, on the side of Normandy and Maine, upon a Brook which discharges it self into the Ronne to join the Huigne. See Perche.
• Bele••••a, a marvellous Fountain of the County of Foix, in the Dioscese of M••r••poix, which Ebbs and Flows all hours of the day, from the end of ••uly to the beginning of January Davity.
• * Belfast, a thriving Sea-port Town of the Province of Ulster, in the N. of Ireland; 'tis seated on the Mouth of Lagan-Water, some miles S. and by W. of Carricks••rgus, up∣on the Bay of that name.
• Belg••c••, or Fort Belgick, Arx Belgica, a Fort belonging to the Hollanders, situated in the Isle of Nera, which is one of the three principal of Banda, amongst the Molucor.
• Belgium one of the three parts of the Gauls, which was since divided into Belgium the first, Belgium the second, Upper Germany and Lower Germany, where are now the Archbi∣shopricks of Treves, Reims, Ments and Cologne. Julius Caesar speaks advantageously of the Belgick Gaule, which he places in the fi••st Book of his Commentaries, betwixt the Rhine, the Ocean, and the Rivers of Scine and Marne. He confes∣seth that in his time the Belgae were the most valiant People of Gaule, because they were the remotest from Vanity, and and that they were in continual Wars with the Germans. Now the name of Belgae and Belgium is given to Low Germany, which comprehends the 17 Provinces of the Netherlands▪ that lye betwixt France, Germany and England. Of these 17 Provinces there are four Duchies, to wit, Brabant, Lim∣bourg, Luxembourg, and Gueldres: Seven Counties, Holland, Zealand, Hainaut, Flandres, Zutphen, Artois, and Namur: A Marquisate, which is that of the Holy Empire, wherein is Antwerp; and five Lordships, Malines, Utrecht, Frise, Gro∣ningen, and Over-Issel. This Country is not great; but Rich, and well Peopled, and the Territories fertil, chiefly in Pa∣stures. There are divers Rivers in it, from which Canals have been cut, in order to Trade from one City to another. The Chief of these Rivers are, the Rhine, the Meuse, the Scheld, Aa, Issel, the Lys, Moselle, Sambre, &c. It has 200 Walled Cities, and 150 Boroughs, which are equal to the in∣closed ones in Greatness and Riches, and 6300 Parishes; tho' all this Country is not above 340 Flandrian miles in cir∣cuit. Caesar, Tacit. Ammian Marcellin Thuan. See Low-Countries.
• Belgius, a Gaulish Captain, who passed into Illyria and Macedonia, and rendred himself so formidable to these People, that they bought Peace of him. Ptolomaeus Ceraunus, or the Thunder-bolt, scorning to acquire it after this manner, and having even dared to give him Battel in CXXV Olym∣piad, and 474 of Rome, was taken Prisoner, and had his head cut off, which the Gauls carried upon the point of a Lance. Belgius was killed a little while after. Polybius.
• Belgrade, or Alba Graeca, and Alba Bulgarica, a City of Hungary in the Countrey called Rascia: It is a little below the Confluence of the Save and Danube, considerable for its greatness, and by its situation upon a Hill, which renders it extraordinary strong. Some do take it for the old Taurinum; but that was too far from the Confluent of the Save and Danube to be the same with Belgrade: There is more likelihood that the latter being encreased by the ruine of the other, it's neighbourhood made it to be taken for the same City. * Amurath the II. lost a Victorious Army before it in 1439. and Mahomet the II. his Son, lost another Army of 250000 Men before it in 1456. which the brave Huniades ruin'd by this Stratagem, He suffer'd a party of the Turks to enter the Town, and whilst they were Plundering, Sallied out, and took their Cannon, turn'd 'em against themselves, kill'd 40000 of 'em, and forc'd the rest to an inglorious slight, leaving all their Bagage and Ammunition behind. In 1521. Soliman the Magnificent took it after two Months Siege, Lewis K. of Hungary being then but 15 years of Age, and the other Christian Princes being engaged in a mutual War. It was for many years after neglected by the Turks; but in 1686. they begun to refortify it after the loss of Buda. In 1688. the Emperor sent the D. of Bavaria against it with a potent Army, he forced his way over the Save, Aug. 8. and defeat∣ed 6000 of the best of the Turkish Troops; on the 10th he March'd toward Belgrade, whereupon the Turks set fire to the Lower Town, and abandoned it, tho' they had 20000 Men incamp'd, and a strong work which reach'd from the Town to the Save. An old Bassa was left to Command the Upper Town and Castle. On the 12th, the Christians begun their approaches, the Turks making a vigorous defence; but breaches being made, the Christians storm'd it thrice succes∣sively on the 6th of September, and at the third Assault en∣tred the place, putting all to the Sword at first, so that there were about 7000 kill'd and thrown into the Save; but the Bassa, and about 3000 more, obtain'd Quarter, having Chain'd 200 Christian Slaves, whom they set betwixt them and the Imperialists, to put a stop to the fury of the Soldiers. There were 70 pieces of Cannon, with a vast deal of Plun∣der, tho' the Inhabitants had been removing their Effects a long time, and 1000 Boats went down the River the day be∣fore the Lower Town was burnt: The Christians had about 4000 killed and wounded in this Siege. In 1690 the Em∣peror being attack'd by the French K. on the other side. The prime Visier sat down before Belgrade, Oct. 3. with 60000 Men; the Garison consisted of 6000 Men well provided, who made a Gallant defence, and killed abundance of Turks; but on the 8th a Bomb falling into the Magazine, blew it up, with 1700 Germans going to Mount the Guard, and set fire to the other Magazines, blew up part of the Walls, and sill'd the Ditches; so that the Enemy entred by whole Squadrons, putting all to the Sword. The fire destroyed the Town and Castle; and only the Governor with 300 of the Garison escaped: He was afterwards brought to his Trial for not having done his part, but acquitted. Since that time the Turks have refortified it. Its Long. is 47. 00. Lat. 46. 50.
• Belial, the name of an Idol of the Sidonians. St. Paul gives this name to Satan. Aquila expounds this word by that of Apostate; and the Caldeans by that of Malignity.
• Beliche, a name which the People of Madagascar give to the Evil Spirit, to whom they throw the first bit of the Vi∣ctim, to render him favourable unto them. Flacourt Histoire de Madagascar.
• Belides, or Danaides, the name of the 50 Daughters of King Danaiis, Son to Bel sirnamed the Ancient. See Da∣naides.
• Belisarius, General of the Armies of the Emperor Justi∣nian, the stay of his Throne, and one of the greatest Cap∣tains of his Age. In 529 he Marched against Cabades King of the Persians, who took Arms by reason of the Protection which the Emperor gave to Tzathus K. of Colchis. This ex∣pedition was very successful to Belisarius, who was recalled to go and Command the Army which was to be sent to Africk. In 532, a Treaty of Peace was made with the Persians. In January such a sedition arose at Constantinople, that Justinian proposed to withdraw; but Belisarius diswaded him, and the Rebels were brought to their Duty, tho' they had proclaimed for Emperor one Hypatius, upheld by Probus an•• Pompeius, Ne∣phews to Anastasius. In 533, Belisarius having conducted into Africk a Naval Army consisting of 500 Ships, took Car∣thage, and subdued Gilimer, in 534. who had usurped the Crown of the Vandales, after having caused his Cousin Hil∣deric, Son to Hunneric and Eudoxia, to be Massacred. Thus

• ... Africk was reunited to the Empire, after it had been sepera∣ted from it more than 100 years, and the puissant Monarchy of the Vandals was ruined. Gilimer was taken and brought to Constantinople. Belisarius went through the City on foot to go into the Hippodromus, where Justinian expected him upon a Magnificent Throne, in order to receive the Honours of this Triumph. After so great an advantage, it was resol∣ved to deliver Italy from the Tyranny of the Goths. Belisa∣rius prepared himself for this second Expedition. In 535, being Consul, he passed into Sicily, where he immediately took Catana, Syracusa, Palermo, &c. and the ensuing year, he went with part of his Army to besiege Naples: In the mean time the Goths had put to death King Theodatus, at the perswasion of Vitiges, who was put upon the Throne. This attempt helped on the designs of Belisarius: He presented himself before the City of Rome, where he was received the 10th of D••cember 536. The year following Vitiges came to besiege him; but he found so much resistance, that he re∣tired in 538. Two years after, this unfortunate King was taken in the City of Ravenna, with his whole Family; and Bel••sarius chose rather to carry 'em Prisoners to Constantinople, than to receive the Crown of the Goths, which was offered to him. In 541, Belisarius having been sent into the East against the Persians, wasted Assyria, as he did also in 543. In the mean while, the Affairs of Italy wanted his presence; Totila was chosen King of the Goths, and after having taken Naples, Tivoli, and other considerable places, he had turned all his Forces against Rome, taken it in 546, ruined its Houses, demolish'd the Walls, and Plunder'd it during four days. The year following Belisarius threw himself into it, rebuilt its Walls, and defended it. In 549 Totila retook it. In the mean time Belisarius passed into the East to op∣pose the Persians. In 558 he beat back the Huns that made an irruption upon the Territories of the Empire. They say that in 651, this great Man being accused of ha∣ving consented to a Conspiracy against Justinian, the same Emperor deprived him of all his Means, took from him his Imployments, and pulled out his Eyes. It is the opinion of the Latin Authors, who say, that Belisarius was reduc'd to beg in the Streets of Constantinople. The Author of the mixed History of Constantinople writes, That the year ensuing he was re-established in his Dignities: And Cedrenus saith, That he died in Peace at Constantinople. Alciat, to defend Justinian, is of this opinion, against Crinitus, Volateran, and others: They assure, that Belisarius died the 13th of March, 565. Precopius, Agathyas, Glicas, &c.
• * Belknap (Sir Robert) Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas in the Reign of Edward III. but outed in that of Richard II. upon this occasion: The K. had a mind to make away certain Lords, who had been appointed by Parliament, Governors of the Kingdom, viz. his Uncle the D. of Glou∣cester, the Earls of Arundel, Warwick, Nottingham, &c. and for this purpose call'd all the Judges before him at Nottingham, where his Questions being resolv'd in this, Whether he might by his Regal Power Revoke what was Acted in Parlia∣ment, All the Judges, Sir William Skipwith excepted, an∣swer'd affirmatively, and subscrib'd it. Sir Robert, indeed, who foresaw the Danger of it, comply'd against his will; Insomuch that upon Sealing he utter'd these words: There wants nothing but an Hurdle, an Horse, and a Halter, to carry me where I may suffer the death I deserve. If I had not done thus, I should have suffer'd for it; and because I have done it, I deserve death for betraying the Lords.
• * Bellac, a little City of France, in the County of La Marche, upon the River Unicorn, two Leagues S. from Dorat, and seven N. from Limoges.
• * Bellagines, a name which the Goths gave to their Mu∣nicipal Laws, according to Jornandes, l. 1. c. 11. of the Hi∣story of this People: But the word is corrupted, and Bila∣gines is the proper one.
• Bellagio, (Guy) Cardinal of the Title of Chrysogonus, was of Florence. He died at his return from the Holy-Land, about the year 1153.
• Bellarmin (Robert) a Cardinal, Abp. of Capua, was Native of Montepulciano in Toscany, and Son to Cinthia Corvina, Sister to Pope Marcellus II. He was admitted Jesuit at 18 years of Age, Septemb. 20. 1560. He made in a very short time so mar∣vellous a progress in Sciences, that he was judged capable to Preach, even before he received Priests Orders; for he re∣ceived that Order but in 1569. Bellarmin was then at Lo∣vain, where he Preach'd in Latin, with such a reputation, that Protestants went on purpose out of England and Holland to hear him. He taught at the same time Divinity in He∣brew; and was taken up in Reading the Fathers, the History of the Church, of the Councils, and of the Canon Law, which was of use to him in his work of Ecclesiastical Wri∣ters, where he passes his censure upon 400 Authors. Being afterwards returned to Rome about the year 1576, Pope Gregory XIII. appointed him to Teach the Controversies a∣gainst Protestants in the new College which he had founded. There it was that he wrote his Treatises upon this Subject. In 1590, Pope Sixtus V. gave him to Cardinal Henry Caetan, to be his Divine, during his Legateship in France. After some other Imployments in his Order, Pope Clement VIII. created him Cardinal in 1599. and next Archbishop of Ca∣pua. In 1605, the same Pope being dead, Cardinal Bellar∣min was obliged to return to Rome and assisted at the Creation of Leo XI. and Paul V. the latter having obliged him to re∣main with him, wanting his Counsels and Lights for the Go∣vernment of the Church, this great Man quitted the Arch∣bishoprick of Capua, believing he could not in Conscience keep the same, and not watch over the conduct of his Flock. Those of Capua testified thereupon an incredible grief, and in truth that City never had a greater Prelate. Cardinal Bellarmin continued to serve the Church of Rome untill 1621. That finding himself ill, he came out of the Vatican where he lodged, and withdrew into the Novitiate House of St. An∣drew: This happened the 16th of August, under the Pontifi∣cate of Gregory XV. who visited him in his sickness, and embraced him twice with much tenderness: This Cardinal died September 17. 1621. being 79 years of Age. We have of his Treatises of Controversie in III. or IV. Volumes in Folio. Explanatio in Psalmos, Opuscula, Conciones Sacrae, De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis; An Answer to the Book of K. James I. intituled, Triplex nodus, triplex cuneus, &c. His Life hath been written by James Fuligati, who may be consulted as well as Alegambus, Possevinus, Sponde, &c. Godeau.
• * Bellasis Thomas E. of Falconberg, or Falconbridge, de∣scended from an Ancient Family in the N. of England. Of this Family was Sir Henry Bellasis of Newborough in the County of York, Son and Heir to Sir William Bellasis; from this Henry sprang Thomas, who for his great Merits, and faithful Ser∣vice to K. Charles I. was by him advanced to the Dignity of a Baron of this Realm, by the Title of Ld. Faulconberg, and afterwards Viscount of Faulconberg of Henknowl in the Bisho∣prick of Durham. He had issue two Sons H••nry and John, Henry dying before his Father, left two Sons, Thomas who succeed∣ed his Grandfather in his Honour, and Sir Rowland Bellasis; which Thomas was Captain of the Band of Pentioners to K. Charles II. and was sent by His Majesty, An. 1670. His Ambassador Extraordinary to the Princes of Italy. His present Majesty was pleas'd to confer upon him, since the Revolution, the Title and Dignity of E. of Faulconberg, to make him one of the Lords of Their Majesties Most Honou∣rable Privy Council, and Lord Lieutenant of the N. Riding of Yorkshire: His Arms are Argent, a Chevron Gules between three Flowers de Luce, Azure.
• * Bellasis (Henry) a Baron of England, is the only Son of Sir Henry Bellasis, Son of John Lord Bellasis, and younger Brother of Henry, Father to the present E. of Falconbridge; which John, for his firm adhering to K. Charles I. upon divers occasions, was by him made Ld. Bellasis of Worlaby in the County of Lincoln, and had afterwards several places of Trust conferr'd upon him by K. Charles II. But making scruple at the Oath injoyn'd by Act of Parliament, An. 1672. to be taken by all such as did then, or should thenceforth bear any Office under the K. he resign'd all his Commands as follow∣eth: His Government of Tangier to the E. of Middleton; his Lieutenancy of the E. Riding of Yorkshire and Government of Hull, to the D. of Monmouth; his Captainship of Pensioners to his Nephew Thomas, now E. of Faulconbridge; and a Regi∣ment of Foot, rais'd during the late Wars with the Dutch, to the E. of Northampton. This John Ld. Bellasis Married three Wives, Jane his first Wife, being Daughter and Heir to Sir Robert Butler of Woodhall in Herefordshire; by whom he left Henry the present Ld. Bellasis, who was made Kt. of the Bath, at the Coronation of K Charles II. His Arms are much the same as the E. of Faulconbridges.
• Bellay, near the Rhosne and Foran, a City of France, Capi∣tal of Bugey, with a Baylwick, Election, and a Suffragant Bishoprick of Besancon: Some Latin Authors call it Bellicum and Bellica. The City is pretty Ancient; but it was all burned in 1385. It's thought that Amedeus VIII. rebuilt it, and environed it with Walls and divers Towers. The Bp. is the Temporal Lord of it. Audax is the ancientest of them that we know, since he lived in 412. It's 12 miles E. of Lions, 10 N. of Grenoble, and 12 from Geneva.
• Bellay, a considerable Family in France, for the great Men it hath produced, and by its Antiquity.
• Bellay (John) Cardinal, Bishop of Paris, was born in 1492. He had considerable Imployments under Francis I. and got much Honour by the success of many Embassies. At the enterview of King Francis I. and Pope Clement VII. at Marseilles in 1533. the Mariage of Henry II. then D. of Orleance, and of Katharine de Medicis, the Pope's Niece, was then concluded. William Paget, President of the Parliament of Paris, and since Chancellor of France, was to Harangue Clement; but being ordered to change his Speech the very day he was to pronounce it, he was so surprised, that he de∣sired the King to free him of this Commission. It was given to John du Ballay, and he spake with the applause and satisfa∣ction of every one, tho' he was not prepared. In the mean time, the French K. pressing hard upon the Pope, to give him some satisfaction as to the K. of England, and to stifle the separation from the Church of Rome, which was forming in that King∣dom, it was resolved to send the Bp. of Paris, who freely under∣went

• that Commission. Having taken Post, he embarqu'd to pass into E••gland, where he happily brought the King to all sorts of reasonable accomodation, provided he had time given him to defend himself by P••oxy. This wise Prelate repassed the Sea, and went to Rome in the depth of Winter. He obtained of the Pope the delay which the K. of England demanded, to whom he sent a Courier for the Proxy which he had promised: But the Courier not being able to return to the Pope at the day fixed, the Agents of the Emperor Charles V. prevail'd so, that the Excommunication was thun∣der'd against H••nry VIII. and his Kingdom was interdicted; what protestations soever the Bishop of Paris might make, who judiciously remonstrated, that it was very unjust to re∣fuse a respite of 5 or 6 days to a great Prince, whom they had detained by unsufferable delays 6 years together. The Courier arrived 2 days after, and the Court of Rome had no small rea∣son to be displeased at its precipitation, and to detest the vio∣lence of those who had sacrificed the Romish Religion, and the Glory of that Church to their Ambition. It put the Bp. of Paris into despair of success, and the Proxies which the King of England sent him were useless. After this misfortune he con∣tinued his cares for the Affairs of France under Paul III. who succeeded Clement, and it was of the same Paul that he had his Cardinals Hat, May 25. 1535. The year ensuing he as∣sisted at a Consistory, where the Emperor Charles V. furiously inveighed against Francis I. The Cardinal dexterously dis∣sembled his displeasure; but he had so good a memory, that he retained word for word the studied Harangue of the Em∣peror, and as it was very important for the King's Affairs, to know from the Original the designs of the Emperor. Du Bellay took Post, to give him advice of it. Then it was that Charles came into Provence in 1537. The King willing to oppose this Enemy, left his Capital City with Cardinal Du Bellay, and made him his Lieutenant General, to relieve the necessities of Picardy and Champagne: The Cardinal shewed in this occasion, that he was as intelligent in Warlike Affairs, as in the intrigues of the Closet; he undertook to defend Paris which was in a tumult, and fortified it with a Rampart and Bulwarks, which are to be seen at this day. He pro∣vided with the same care for the other Cities. After the death of John de Lang••••••, which happened in 1541. the King named him to the Bishoprick of Limoges. He had the Arch∣bishoprick of Bourdeaux in 1544: and finally he succeeded in 1546, to Renatus du B••llay, his Brother, Bishop of Mons. Thus it was, that the King sought all occasions to reward the fide∣lity of this Cardinal, whom he also made a Member of his Privy Council: But after the death of this great Prince, in 1547, Cardinal du Bellay was deprived of his Rank and Cre∣dit, by those who succeeded him in favour, and chiefly by the Cardinal of Lorrain. He withdrew to Rome, where he was made Bishop of Ostia, and Dean of the Cardinals, du∣ring the absence of those of Tournon and Bourbon. His worth was in so great esteem at Rome, that he was in election to be made Pope after the death of Marcellus II. He died in the same City, February 16. 1560, being 68 years of Age; and was interr'd in Trinity-Church of the Mount. This great Prelate left some Speeches, an Apology for King Francis I. and divers Poems in III Books, the Reading of which, shew∣eth his piercing and delicate Wit. Francis Rabelais was his Domestick, and he conferred upon him the Parish of Meudon, near Paris. Nicholas Reince of Paris was his Secretary, whose fidelity the Emperor could never corrupt. Thuan. Paul. Jove, Sainte Marthe.
• Bellay (Martin of) Brother to the Cardinal, and Prince of Ivetot; King Francis I. esteemed him much, and imploy∣ed him in the Wars, in important Embassies, and several o∣ther Affairs. To reward his Services, he gave him the Go∣vernment of Normandy, and made him Knight of his Order: He managed his time so well in his great Imployments, that he found vacant hours to work at his Memorials, which con∣tain the most memorable Transactions under the Reign of Francis I. to the time of Henry II. Thuan.
• Belleforest (Francis) of the County of Comminges, was esteemed under the Reign of Charles IX. and Henry III. His Cosmography Printed in the year 1575. is in III. Volumes. The Annals of France are in II. He composed also the Hi∣story of the Nine Charles's, Kings of France; Translated di∣vers Treatises from Greek into Latin, Spanish, Italian, &c. He died at Paris, January 1: 1583. being 53 years old. Thuan. Sponde.
• Bellegarde upon the Sone, a City of France in Burgundy, with the Title of a Duchy: It hath been in times past pret∣ty strong, whence it got the name of Secure; but King Lewis the Just having erected it in 1620. into a Duchy and Peerdom for Roger of St. Lari, Bellegarde, the name of that Noble Man's Family, was translated thither. It is about five or six Leagues from Châlon above Verdun, and upon the Frontiers of Franche Comté.
• Bellegarde, a strong place in the County of Roussillon, upon the Frontiers of Catalonia, betwixt Ceret and Jonquere, was taken in 1674 by the Spaniards, who tho' they had forti∣fied it, were forced to surrender it to Marshal Schomberg.
• Belle-Isle, in Latin Calonesus, an Isle of France upon the Coasts of Brittany, with the Title of a Marquisate: It is about six Leagues in length, and two in breadth, with a good Port, and some Castles, over-against Vannes and Aura •• being but five or six miles from the Continent. Belie-Isle is considerable for its Salt-works, and the ordinary passage of Ships along its Coasts.
• Belle-Isle, or Formosa, an Isle of Asia upon the Eastern Ocean of China, betwixt the Province of Fuquien on the West, the Isle Manille or of Lucon on the South, and divers other small Islands on the East, as Pakau, Tobaco-Miguel, Tobaco-Xima, &c. It is pleasant and fertil, and the Hollan∣ders endeavour'd to establish themselves there; but they have been expell'd by the Chinees The principal Boroughs of Belle-Isle, are Toyoan-Gillira, Wankan, &c.
• Bellere, (John) a Famous Printer of Antw••rp, hath got a great Reputation by his Works in the latter Age. He Printed a Dictionary extracted from Robert Stephens and Gesner, and composed another in Latin and Spanish, as is to be seen in the Lives of the Stephens. Bellere's Editions were esteem'd, because of the fairness of their Characters, and the good Paper. They set up also at D••ua••; where Balthasar Bellerc's Editions are valued. Ma••••n••r•••• Art Typegrap.
• Bellerophon, Son to Glaucus King of Ephyra, is Renowned in the Writings of the Poets. He so obstinately refused the Love of Sthenobea, Daughter to Itobates King of Lycia, and Wife to Proetus King of Argos, to whom Bellerophon fled, that this Princess accused him before her Husband, as though he had made an attempt upon her Honour. Praetus, unwilling to violate the Law of Nations, sent him into L••cia, with Letters directed to Itobates, Father to Sthenobea, with Orders to put him to Death. Thence is come the Proverb, Literae Bellerophontis, for Letters written against the Bearers of them. But Bellerophon Triumphed over the Enemies of that King, and being mounted upon the Horse Pegasus, he defeated the Chimaera in the year of the World 2693. The true Name of Bellerophon was Hipponous, and the other was given him be∣cause he had killed Bellerus, one of the chief of the City of Corinth, whence he was forced to fly, and withdraw to Argos. There it was that Sthenobea saw and Loved him. Jobates ex∣posed him to great Dangers, but he always went through them by his Prudence and Courage. He made use of a Bri∣gantin, or, according to others, of a small Fleet, whose Admiral had a winged Horse for a Banner. With this Ship he saild every where with much ease, and defeated a Pirate, who had his retreat upon Mount Chimera, and whose Ship had a Lion upon its Prow, a Dragon on the Poop, and a Goat in the middle. This occasioned the Fables which the Poets have mixed in the History of Bellerophon, who became afterwards Son-in-Law to Jobates. Homer. Natalis Comes. Eras∣mus.
• Bellin, or Belinus, an old Fabulous British King. It's pretended that he was Son to Dunvalo, and Brother to Brennus a Famous Gaulish Captain, who carried the War into Italy. They pretend that these two Brothers Warr'd against one another, and that as they were ready to give Battle, their Mother brought them to an Accommodation. That Belinus accompanied his Brother into Italy, and Died at his return, leaving the Crown to his Son Gurguntius, about the year of the World 3670. This time, it's true, agreeth with that wherein Brennus lived, who defeated the Romans near the River Allia, and took their City in the year 364; of its Foundation in the third year of XCVII Olympiad, which was the year 3664, or 65, of the World.
• Bellin, (Gentil) of Venice, Eldest Son to James Bellin, was Born in 1421. There happened a very singular thing to Gentil Bellin; for Mahomet II. Emperor of the Turks, having seen some of his Paintings, was so Charm'd therewith, that not being able to comprehend how a Mortal Man was capable of making Works, which he look'd upon as altogether Divine, he desired to have the Author, and to see him Work. Therefore he writ to the Republick, and Prayed them to send Bellin to him; who went to Constantinople, and made very fine Pictures for the Grand Signior. He Painted, amongst other Pieces, the Decollation of St. John Baptist, whom the very Turks do Honour as a great Prophet. Maho∣met admired the proportion and Shaddowing of the Work, but he found a Defect in it, viz. That the Neck was too high and too large, being separated from the Head; And to convince him of the Truth of his Observation by a Natural Example, he called for a Slave, had his Head cut off in his presence, and made him observe, that the Neck separated from the Head, grew extreamly small. But this play not pleasing the Painter, he was seized with a mortal fright, which left him not before he had obtained his Dismission; For the Example of the Slave, so barbarously Massacred, could not be put out of his Mind. However the Grand Signior presented him with Rich Gifts; he himself put a Golden Chain of great value about his Neck, and sent him back to Venice, with Letters of Recommendation to the Republick, from which he had a considerable Pension assigned him during his Life. Bellin made besides several Works at Venice, as that, wherein he Represents the Ambassadors of the Republick sent to Frederick II. to persuade him to a Peace with Pope Alexander. Vasari, R••dolfi Felibien

• * Bellinzona, Bilitionum, a Town in the Confines of Milan, upon the River Tesino, at the North end of the Lake, called Lago Maggore, 45 Italian Miles from Milan to the North: It was heretofore a place of great Note, and Subject to the Earls of the same Name, whose Issue failing, it was possessed by the Earls of Monsaxo, but the Dukes of Milan being stronger, Usurped and took it; The Earls by Stratagem recovered it, and Sold it to the Grisons in 1421: The Duke of Milan re∣took it by Fraud, and in 1422. there was a sharp War between him and the Grisons for it, which continued till that the French Invading that Dutchy: The Inhabitants in the year 1500. put themselves under the Grisons for Protection. The French, whilst they possest Milan, attempted many times to recover it, but without any Success. In 1515 it suffered much by an Inundation. There is a Tradition that Valen∣tinian III. was Buried here.
• Bellona, the Goddess of War, was the Companion, or Sister of Mars. She had Priests called Bellonarii, who used to make Incisions in their Body, in Honour of her; and after having gathered their Blood in the Palm of their Hand, gave it to those who were Partakers of their Mysteries. Bellona is often taken for Pallas, and others do make her God∣dess of Blood, Slaughter, and Fury. She was one of the principal Divinities of the Cappadocians, where the Priests of Bellona were the first and the most considered next to their Kings. The Ancients represented her variously, sometimes with a Pike in her Hand, and sometimes with her Hair hanging in disorder. Tertullian, Lactance, Firmien.
• Bellovesus, Son to a Sister of Ambigat King of the Gauls, about the year 164 of Rome. He is thought to be the Builder of the City of Beauvais, and to have given it his Name. He went out of his Country with Segovesus to Conquer new Lands. The latter passed into Germany, and Bellovese went into Provence, where he assisted the Phocenses, new Inhabitants of Marseilles, against the Salians. Afterwards he entered in∣to Italy, became Master of that part which we call Lumbardy, and built there the Cities of Milan, Bresce, Bononia, Cremona, Bergamo, &c. He favoured the passage of the other Gauls who went to establish themselves in that Country, and his Victories were the Cause that the Name of Gallia Cis Alpina was given to the best and fertilest Land of Italy. The de∣parture of Bellovese out of the Gauls, is commonly fix'd in the year 164 of Rome, the XLVII Olimpiad, and about the year 3464 of the World, which agreeth with the account of Titus Livius, who says, that this happened 200 years before the taking of Rome. Tit. Liv. Dupleix. Petau.
• Bellune, or Ciutad de Belun, Belunum, a City of Italy in Marchia Tavirena, belonging to the Republick of Venice, with a Suffragant Bishoprick of Aquileia. It is situated betwixt the Mountains, is little, but pleasant, and has been the Birth place of several Learned Men, as Pierius Valerianus. Its 13 Leagues S. E. of Venice.
• Belochus, or Belotus I. of the Name, King of Assyria, succeeded Armamithres in the year of the World 2214, and Reigned 35 years, till 2249, when Baleus succeeded him. Belochus II. Reigned 25 years after Amintes, from the year 2566 of the World to 2591. Others mention one Belochus King of the Assyrians, whom they confound with Phul, who Reign'd in the time of Manahel King of Israel, about the year of the World 3265.
• Belon, (Peter) Doctor of Physick, of the University of Paris, liv'd in the XVI Century. He was of the Province of Maine, born in a Hamlet called La Sourletiere near Fouille∣••ourt in the Parish of Oisé. He Travelled a pretty while, and wrote a Book of what he had seen in Judea, Egypt, Greece, Arabia, &c. He composed also Treatises of the Nature of Fishes, Fowls, &c. Made Commentaries upon Dioscorides, whom he had Translated into French with Theophrastus, and Published other curious pieces. His Parts got him the E∣steem of King Henry II. and Charles IX. and the Friendship of Cardinal Tournon. Several think that the Pieces which got him so much Reputation were the Works of Peter Gilles of Albi, whom he had accompanied in his Voyages. It's thought, saith Mr. Thuan, Speaking about the year 1555. of the Death and Works of the same Gilles, That part of them was Substracted by Peter Belon of Maine, who writ under him, and who accompanied him sometime in his Travels; and though he hath got them since Printed in his own Name, and not that of Gilles, yet he was thereupon Esteemed by the Learned, because he did not deprive the publick of such excellent Things. Peter Belon was Assassinated in 1564. Simler, Thuan.
• Belt, is the Name which is commonly given to two Streights of the Sea of Denmark, which are distinguished in∣to great and little. The great One of four Hours passage is betwixt the Isles of Funen and Zealand; and the little, other∣wise named Middlefort, of two Hours passage, is betwixt the same Isle of Funen and the Continent of Jutland: But neither of these Streights, which are not very deep, serve for the passage of the great Ships, which as they enter from the German into the Baltick Sea, Sail through a third Streight, called the Sund, betwixt the Isle of Zealand, and the Province of Schonen in Swedeland, because this Channel, which is not much more than one League in bredth, is straiter and deeper. The Passage of Belt, upon the Ice, by Charles Gustavus King of Swedeland, with his Army, is one of the boldest and most memorable Actions of the Wars in the XVII Age, and there is no such example in all Antiquity. See Baltick.
• * Belturbet, a Borough Town of Ulster in the North of Ireland: 'Tis in the County of Cavan, at the East-end of Lough Erne, about 16 miles South East of Iniskilling.
• * Beltingham, a Market Town of Randal Ward in Northum∣berland, 212 miles from London.
• Belvedere upon the River Peneus, a City of Greece, belong∣ing to the Turks. It is the Elis of the Ancients, which gave its Name to the whole Province; But it ought to be observ'd, that under the Name of Belvedere, not only Elis is compre∣hended, but also the Country of the Messenians. See Messena.
• Belvais. See Damieta and Pelusium.
• * Belvoir Castle, a Noble Seat in Lincolnshire, belonging to the Earl of Rutland; It has a most delightful and large pro∣spect: The Stone called Astroites, which has Beams like a Star, and is look'd upon as an Infallible token of Victory to him that wore it, is found near this place.
• * Belus, a King of Orkney, who Landing in the North of Scotland with an Army in the Reign of King Evenus II. was defeated, and all his Men kill'd and drown'd as crowding into their Ships, and he despairing of Quarter, kill'd himself Buchanan.
• Belus, a River of Phoenicia in Syria, takes its source from the Lake Cendevia, at two Furlongs from the City Acre. It is small, but deep, and it passeth through a Valley of about 180 Paces in Circuit; where Pliny saith, That Glass was at first found. A prodigious quantity of Sand is gathered there, which is turned into Glass, and that which adds to the won∣der, is, That the Sand which the Place had rendered Tran∣sparent, looseth the quality if it be carried hence. This Sand is no wise exhausted, though Transported in great quantity, and many Ships loaden with it, for the Winds carry it down continually from the tops of the neigh∣bouring Mountains, and do soon fill the place. This admi∣rable Valley changeth not only the Sand into Glass, but even the Metals which are left in it for a time. Eusebius. Nieremb. De Mirab. Terrae Prom.
• Beltz, in Latin Belza, a Town of Poland in Black Russia. It is almost all built with Wood, in a fertile Soil near the River Bug, and betwixt the Cities of Leopold and Zamoski. It is 32 Miles North of Lembourg, and 120 East of Gracow.
• Bemarin, a Province of the Northern America in Florida. It belongs to the King of the Apalechites, and is situated at the foot of the Mountains: The City Melitot is the Capital of the Country.
• Bembo, (Peter) Cardinal, a Gentleman of Venice, Son to Bernard Bembo and Helena Marcella, was Born in 1470. His Family hath produced eminent Men, who all have rendered great Services to the Republick. He is Renowned for his Poetry, and the Elegancy of his Style. Leo X. made him his Secretary, and Paul III. Created him Cardinal in 1539. and Bishop of Eugubio, and then of Bergamo. He Died in 1547. in the 68th year of his Age, of a hurt on his side, which he got by his Horse's justling him against a Wall. John de la Casa hath written this Cardinals Life, where he giveth an exact account of his Italian and Latin Works. Amongst the latter there are Seventeen Books of Letters Written for Leo X. in the time he was his Secretary; Six Books of Familiar Epistles; A Dialogue, which contains the Life of Guy Ubaldo of Montefeltro, Duke of Urbain; Divers Speeches; The History of Venice in Twelve Books, &c. These Works, especially the last, are written in pure Latin. Thuan. Sponde. Bosio.
• * Bemyster, a Market Town in Dorsetshire, head of its Hundred, 111 miles from London.
• Bena, a Kingdom in Nigritia of Africk, whose People are called Sousos. It is situated on the South of the Kingdom of Mandinga, and on the East of that of Melli. The Capital City hath given this Name to the Country, which is full of Mountains, where there are Mines of finer Iron than in Eu∣rope. Here are Serpents as thick as a Mans Thigh, spotted with very lively colours. The King keeps commonly one of these Serpents in his Arms, and cherisheth it as we do little Dogs: Wherefore he is called the King of Serpents. These People are Idolaters, and believe that the Dead will find in the other World what is Interr'd with them in their Grave •• whence came their Custom of putting into the same great Sums of Gold and Silver, chiefly in the Sepulchres of Kings and great Lords, which are hidden in retired Places, or in some deep place of a River, whose Waters are Sluced another way, whilst they are a digging the Grave, but afterwards are made to run in their ordinary Bed. Dapper Description de l' Afrique.
• Benacus, an antient Name of one of the greatest Lakes of Italy, in the State of Venice, called now Lac de la Garde, ac∣cording to Leander. This Author observeth, That there hath been of old in those places a Town called Benacus, from which the Lake hath its Name, and is spoken of in an ancient In∣scription of the Orthography of Aldus. This Lake is in the Territory of Verona, betwixt high Mountains, where the Winds meeting violently together, do raise Waves in it as at

• Sea. Its length from West to East is of 30 miles, and about ten in breadth. It is Famous for its excellent Fishes, especi∣ally for a kind of a Carp which is not found elsewhere. This Lake empties it self by the River Mincio, into that of Mantua, and thence into the Po.
• Benares, a City of Indostan, or Empire of the Great Mogul, situated upon Ganges, in a very fair Country. Its where the General School of the Gentilism of the Indies is kept, and where the Bramans and Pendets, or Doctors of Paganism are brought up. They have no Colleges nor Schools as in Europe: But the Masters are dispersed over the City in Houses with Gardens, Of these Masters some have four or five Dis∣ciples, others eight or ten, and some fifteen or twenty, who Study during 10 or 12 years. This Study is long, because the Indians are of a slow and sloathful Humour, and are seldom animated to Work by Emulation or Rewards. Their first Occupation is to Learn the Hanscrit, which is an ancient Language, quite different from the common Indian, and which is not understood but by the Pendets and Learned. It is of this Tongue that Father Kirker hath given an Alphabet. It is called Hanscrit; that is a Pure, Holy, or Divine Tongue, because they hold that it was in this Tongue that God gave the Beths or Sacred Books to Brama their Prophet. As soon as they have Learned the Hanscrit, they betake themselves to Read the Purane, which is an Abridgement of the Beths, or Books of the Law. Then they apply themselves for a time to Philosophy. Amongst their Philosophers, there are six very Famous, who make Six different Sects. Some Sp••ak of the first Principles of Things, much like to Democritus and Epi∣curus. Others have Opinions not much differing from those of Aristotle and his Interpreters. Some of them have Tenets which have a Relation to the Doctrine of Plato; but all this is so confused, that the Pendets do not very well understand their first Doctrines, nor do they make themselves more Intel∣ligible to their Disciples. They have a great many Books of Physick, which are rather Collections of Remedies than Phy∣sical Discourses. As for Anatomy, they know nothing of it; because they dare not open the Body of Men nor Animals. They are much given to Astrology; but they have no great light in this Science; and they invent Fables to expound the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon. They say that one Deuta, a God, or Genius, Enemy to the Sun, seizeth this Planet, infects and darkneth it sometimes; and that another Deuta, named Rah, Enemy to the Moon, doth it the same Injury. They make three sorts of Deuta's; the one say they are Good, the others Evil, and the other neither Good nor Evil. As to Geography, they imagine that the Earth is Flat and Trian∣gular, and that all this Mass is up-held by the Heads of seve∣ral Elephants, who cause Earthquakes when they move. With∣in these few years there hath appeared in Indostan a Famous Cabal of these Pendets of Benares, which make much noise, because they have gain'd Dara-Chan, and Sultan-Sujah, Son to Cha-Gehan, the Great Mogul. The Pendets of this Cabal hold the Doctrine of these antient Philosophers, who admit∣ted of an Universal Spirit, and a Soul spread through all the World, of which all the Souls of Men and Beasts were Por∣tions. It is this same Doctrine which makes the Cabal of the Soufys, and most of the Learned in Persia. Bernier Histoire du Grand Mogul.
• Benavidius, (Mark) or Marcus Mantua Benavidius, a Fa∣mous Lawyer of Padua, Son to John Petre Benavidio, a Physi∣cian. He Studied Humanity with much application, and then the Civil and Canon Law, which he Taught during Sixty Years. His finest Treatises, are, Collectanea super jus Caesareum. Apophthegmata legalia. Consiliorum To. 11. Proble∣matum legalium Lib. X. Polymathiae Lib. XII. De illustribus Juris Consultis. Locorum Communium Lib. III. Equilibrium, pro jure Candidandis. De Privilegiis Militaribus. De Pupillorum favori∣bus, &c. He was thrice Knighted, in 1245. by the Emperor Charles V. in 1561. by Ferdinand I. and in 1564. by Pope Pius IV. He died the 28th of March 1582, in the 93d of his Age. Thomasini in illust Viror. Elog.
• Bend••, an ancient City of Macedonia, which had a Bisho∣prick depending upon Durazzo. This City is now Ruined, but the Country adjacent to its Ruines in Albany, retains unto this day the name of Benda, and is under the Turks.
• Bendermasien, or Bendermassin, a City of the Indies in the Northern part of the Isle of Borneo. It is upon the Mouth of the River Saccadano, over against the Isle of Java, and hath its particular King.
• Bendis, is the Name which the Thracians gave to Diana, understanding by this Word the Earth or the Moon. The Feasts which these People kept in Honour of this Goddess, were like the Bacchanalia: They were celebrated at Athens in the Parcum, the 20th of the Month called Thargelion, a little before the Panathenaica. Proclus.
• Bendo••dar, Sultan of Babylon, and a great Persecutor of the Christians. He ascended the Throne by the help of his Friends; whence he had expelled the Lawful Sovereign. He Besieged Acre with 30000 Men about the year 1263, Ravaged Armenia, and Died at Damascus the 15th of April, 1277. com∣ing to Fight the Tartars. 'Tis thought that he was Poy∣soned. Sanut.
• Bene, a small Town of Italy in Piedmont, near Tenaro, which formerly had the Title of a County. In the last Age the Earl of Bene sided with the French, and the Earl of Tri∣nity his Brother, with the Spaniards. In 1553. the latter persuaded Ferdinand de Gonzaga to lay Siege to Bene, which he did; but Montlue, at the persuasion of Birague, putting him∣self into it with some others, they obliged them to raise the Siege. The Fortifications have been demolish'd since.
• St. Benedict, a Patriarch of a Famous Order, called Be∣nedictins by his Name, was the first who brought Monastical Life to be esteemed in the West. He was Born at Nursi, a Town of Italy, about 480. This Order, as it is the most Ancient, is also the most Famous of the Roman Church. St. Benedict died at Mount Cassin, where he had Instituted his Order, March 543. Oden Abbot of Cluni, begun to Reform the Benedictins about the year 940. and died in 944. Thence came the Congregation of Cluni. That of St. Justina of Padua, and Mont Cassin, was established in Italy in 1408. and renewed in 1504. That of St. Maurus in France was begun in 1621. and hath been fruitful in great Men. More∣over, the Order of St. Benedict hath been the source of seve∣ral others, who follow the Rule of the first Founder, and have made new Branches of Monks in the Church of Rome. The most considerable are the Orders of the Camaldoli of Valombre, of the Carthusians, of Citeaux, of Grammont, the Celestins, the Humiliati, the Sylvestrians, the Olivators, and some others, of which in their proper place. St. Gregoire, Tritheme, Baronius, le Mire.
• * Benedictus Tlumasensis, a Protestant Minister of Moravia, who being Burn'd for his Religion about 1460. People were so much griev'd at it, that they came in great number for eight miles round to visit the place, and gather some of his Bones.
• Benefice. The Word Benefice is a Term used in times past to signifie the Funds given to Soldiers for a Reward of their Services; And these Soldiers were called Milites Benefi∣ciarii. It may be seen in the Books which Treat of Fiefs. This Name afterwards passed unto Ecclesiasticks, to whom the like Funds were given for their Subsistence, and they have also been called Beneficers, because in effect they enjoy such Benefices. Their true Original appears not to have been before the XII Age, when the Revenues of the Church were divided; whence came the new Law upon this matter, the knowledge whereof the Popes retained unto themselves. Though this be true in general, there are some Vestiges of Benefices to be found from the year 500. under Pope Sym∣machus, but it was not common. At that time, a Clerk, who had served the Church well, had a Field given him in Fund, from which he drew his Subsistence; which then was very rare, because the Ecclesiasticks lived on the Alms that were given them, and were divided amongst them every Month, as it appears by the Canons of some Councils. The Oblation was made after the Gospel till the XII Age; and it is what is yet called Offertory at the Mass. This Ob∣lation was laid aside when the Fryars called Mendicants, were introduced into the Church; for then the People left of making their Offering. When this Offering was presen∣ted, a whole Psalm was Sung, whence the Word Offertory in the Mass proceeded. There are moreover found in one of the Canons of the first Council of Orange, some Vestiges of the Foundation of Benefices, and of the Right of Patron∣ages, as well Ecclesiastick as Laick. See thereupon the Let∣ter of Pope Symmachus, and the first Tome of the Councils of France. By Sirmund.
• Benefices (Consistorial) Great Benefices, as Bishopricks, and other Prelatures, so called in the Roman Church, because the Pope gives the same, after Deliberation in the Consistory of the Cardinals. This Name is given in France to the Dignities of which the King hath the No∣mination. This Right of Nomination belongs to the King of France, in the Quality of King, because the choosing of Prelats is an important thing for the Preservation of the State, and that he is the first Patron and Protector of the Churches of his Kingdom; and other Kings and Sovereign Princes enjoy the like Right. See Pithon of the Liberties of the Gallican Church.
• Benet I. of that Name, Pope, to whom Evagrius and others give the Sirname of Bonosus, was a Roman Born, and chosen after John III. in 573. In his time the City of Rome was afflicted with Famine, and by the Incursions of the Lombards; Benet appeared in these Occasions as a true Father of the Poor. There is an Epistle under his Name, written to David a Bishop in Spain, upon the Belief which we ought to have of the most Blessed Trinity. He died the 30th of July 577. after he had held the See 4 years, 4 months, and 28 days, or two Months and 5 days, according to others. Baron. du Chesne.
• Benet II. Succeeded on the 20th of August 684. to Leo II. He was a Native of Rome. Two Epistles are as∣cribed to him, the one to Peter Notary, and the other to the King of the Wisigoths, but seems rather to be of his Predecessors Writing. He died 8 months and 17 days after his Ele∣ction; viz. the 7th or 8th of May 685. The Emperor

• ... Constantine had so great an Opinion of this Mans Sanctity, that he sent him a Decree, importing, That for the time to come, he whom the People and Clergy of Rome chose their Pope, should be forthwith acknowledg'd as Christs true Vicar, without expecting he Confirmation of the Emperor's Exarch, which was before that necessary to his Creation. In his time an extraordinary Comet appear'd, and Mount Vesuvius first broke out into Flames, which Pliny having left the Ships that he Commanded for Trajan, to enquire into the Cause, ap∣proaching too near, lost his Life. Platina.
• Benet III. a Roman, was chosen the 21st of July 856. after the Death of Leo IV. He died the 17th of February 858, after having Governed the Church of Rome two years, six months, and ten days. There are two Epistles of his, one to Hinemar, Archbishop of Reims, and the other to the Bishops of the Kingdom of Charles the Bald, against Hubertus a Sub-Deacon, accused of great Crimes. Almost all the other Epistles of this Pope are lost. Baronius, du Chesne.
• Benet IV. a Roman, held the See after John IX. Histo∣rians say of him, That in a depraved Age he governed the Church with great Probity, and had a very particular care of the Poor. He held the Pontificate but some Months of the year 905. and 906. Du Chesne, Papire Masson.
• Benet V. was Pope after John XII. when the Church of Rome was divided by the Schism of Leo, called the VIII. Created Pope by the Emperor Otho, who having taken the City of Rome by Famine the 23d of June 964. caused Benet to be Conducted to Hambourg in Germany; where he died the 10th of June 965. about 13 or 14 months after his Election. Baronius.
• Benet VI. a Roman, Son to Hildebrand, was Pope during one year and three Months, before Donus or Domnio II. He was chosen the 20th of December. Anno 972. Boniface Sir∣named Franco, Cardinal Deacon, put him in Prison, and got him Strangled by means of Cintius, a Potent Man. This was in 974. After that, the same Boniface ascended the Chair. Onupher.
• Benet VII. passed from the Bishoprick of Sutri in Tuscany to the Throne of the Roman Pontifs, where he lived from the year 975. unto 984. Platina and Ciaconius, tell you how the infamous Boniface, who had Strangled Benet IV. was ignominiously Banished from Rome. Benet VII. was received there with great Demonstrations of Joy: He prudently Go∣verned his Church in very difficult times, and died the 10th of July 984. John XIV. was put in his Room. And Boniface had yet so strong a Party as to throw this new Pontife into Prison. Baronius, du Chesne.
• Benet VIII. Descended of the Family of the Earls of Tusculum, was Bishop of Port, when he was chosen after Ser∣gius IV. the 7th of June 1012. The Tyranny of Anti-Pope Gregory obliged him to retire into Germany, to beg the succour of Henry II. called The Holy and The Lamb, who reestablish'd him upon the See, and the Pope for a Recompence Crown'd him. He defeated the Saracins, who in his time had made themselves Masters of part of Italy, and likewise fought the Greeks, who Ravaged Appulia. Afterwards the Empe∣ror entreated him to pass into Germany, where he Consecra∣ted the Church of St. Stephen of Bamberg, in the year 1014. Benet VIII. died at Rome the 20th of February 1204. having Govern'd his Church about 12 years. He writ several Epi∣stles which are all unknown to us, except that which he writ in favour of the Monastry of Mont Cassin. Du Chesne.
• Benet IX. called first Theophilactus, was Son to Alberius, Earl of Frescati, succeeded his Uncle Pope John XX. Brother to Benet VIII. though he was but a Child. His Youth and Ignorance made him commit horrible Vices, which caused him to be Banish'd in 1043. In his place succeeded John Bishop of Sabina, who took the Name of Sylvester III. but was Deposed by the Faction of the Earls of Frescati, and Benet IX. set up again; who continuing his Scandalous De∣baucheries, resigned the Pontificate to John Arch-Priest of the Church of Rome, according to the Relation of John of Ostia. He returned notwithstanding afterwards, and scan∣dalously ascended five or six times consecutively the Ponti∣fical Throne under Gregory VI. after Clement II. in 1047. and in 1048. after Damasus II. living still in his Debaucheries and Impieties. He died in 1054. Platina says, That after his Death he appeared in a very monstruous shape, and being ask'd why, did answer, That it was because he liv'd without Law or Reason. Genebrard. Tritheme.
• Benet X. Anti-Pope, was Bishop of Vilitri, named John Mincius, Son to Guy Mincius of the Noble Family of the Earls of Tusculum. Leo IX. Created him Cardinal, and gave him the Bishoprick of Velitri. Afterwards he rose against Nicho∣las II. in 1059. & Begged Pardon of the same Pontif, who per∣mitted him to live in the Church of St. Mary Major, without Power of exercising any Function of Priesthood. They say he died soon after out of Grief the 2d of April of the same year 1052. Du Chesne, Baronius.
• Benet XI. His Name before his Election was Bocasini, he being Son to a Shepherd, or according to others, of a Recor∣der of Marca Trevisiana, where he was Born in 1240. Pope Boniface VIII. Created him Cardinal in 1294; gave him the Bishoprick of Ostia, and imployed him in divers important Affairs. After the Death of this Pope, Nicholas Bocasini mounted the Pontifical See the 22d of October 1303. At the beginning of his Pontificate, he issued three Bulls which an∣nulled all those of the same Boniface against King Philip the Fair, of France, and Revoked the Condemnation against the Colomnes, and would fain have opposed the Tartars in the Conquest of Syria; but in the midst of these great Designs he was Poysoned 8 months after his Election, at Perouse. This was on the 6th or 7th of July 1304. It is observed, that he refused to see his Mother who came to see him in Magnificent Cloaths, and that he receiv'd her with Joy before all his Court, when she was in her old Rags. Bzovius and Sponde do remark all these particularities. This Pope composed se∣veral Works, Commentaries upon Job, almost the whole Psalter, the Apocalypse, and St. Matthew; part of the latter hath been Printed. He writ moreover, De Ritibus. Sermones in diebus Solemnibus, &c. Papire Masson, Sponde.
• Benet XII. of the Order of the Cistercians, named Father James Fournier, or du Four, and by Allusion to his Cloathing, The White Cardinal. He was Son to a Miller named William, and Native of Saverdun in the Country of Foix upon Ariege. He was made Cardinal in 1327; and lastly, Pope after John XXII. the 20th of December 1334. at Avignon, where he was Crowned the 5th of January following. He Confirmed the Censures of his Predecessor against Lewis of Bavaria, and Excommu••icated the Fraticelli, against whom he had written formerly. His Care in Conferring Benefices was admired, and his denial of seeing his Relations. He strove also to Reform the Monks; Writ a Treatise of the State of Souls after Death; and he kindly received the Cities of Italy, who quitted the Party of his Enemies. He died at Avignon the 25th of April 1342. after having held the See 7 years, 4 months, and 6 days. Besides the two Works, whereof I have already spoken, Benet XII. composed Commentaries upon the Psalms, De Statu Canonicorum. Decretale Religiosorum. Constitutio de Reformatione Benedictinorum. The Life of John Gualbert, Founder of the Monks of Val-Ombre, &c. He often Mediated a Peace between Philip of France, and Edward of England, but in vain, the latter refusing to listen to his Pro∣positions, because always Victorious. Ciacovius. Rainaldi.
• Benet XIII. Anti-Pope, called Peter de Luna, was a Spaniard, Born at Casp, or according to others, at Hu••sia in the Kingdom of Aragon, Son to John Martin de Luna, and Mary Perez of Gotar. He was Educated carefully enough, and chiefly in the Study of Civil and Canon Law. His In∣clination was for War, and in effect, during the Disorders of the Kingdom of Castile, on the occasion of the Pretensions of Peter called the Cruel, and Henry Earl of Tristemare, he bore Arms in favour of the latter; but having not the Success he expected, he betook himself to the Study of the Law, and came to Avignon, whither the Holy See was Transferred. Ciaconius saith, He taught the Law in the University of Montpelier, and that he got much Esteem there. Peter de Luna had then the Arch-Deaconship of Saragossa, afterwards the Prevostship of Valencia in Spain; and finally, Pope Gregory XI. Created him Cardinal, with the Title of St. Mary in Cosmedin the 20th of December 1375. The Pope was so persuaded of the Merit of this new Cardinal, that he consulted him in the most important Affairs, and named him one of the Com∣missaries, who had Orders to Examine a Book of Revelations of St. Bridgett. Then after the Death of Gregory XI. in 1378. the Cardinal de Luna was at the Election of Cle∣ment VII. and followed him to Avignon, not regarding Urban VI. who was at Rome. Clement sent him Legate to Spain, and then to France, where he was almost always ac∣companied with S. Vincent Ferrier, speaking continually against the Schism, detesting the Division, and protesting that if he was in the Room of one of the Popes, there was no Consideration which should hinder him to work efficaciously towards the reuniting of the Faithful under the same Head. In the mean time Clement VII. being dead, the 16th of Sep∣tember 1394, the Cardinals of his Obedience entred the Con∣clave, to the Number of 22. The 26th day of the same Month, and on the 28th following, chose Peter de Luna, who who took the Name of Benet XIII. Before this Election, they made an Act, which they all signed, by which they promised to renounce the Pontificate, at the request of the Sacred Colledge, to end the Schism. Benet soon forgot this Promise, and nothing could persuade him to the Peace of the Church: Immediately King Charles the Sixth, the Cler∣gy of France, the University of Paris, and divers Princes of Europe proposed the way of Cession, as being the surest and shortest method to establish Peace. But he was too ambitious to give his Consent unto it: He first eluded that proposition, and promised to yield, that he might have time to take con∣trary measures; and then, he openly laughed both at the De∣mands, and his own Promises. He was seiz'd at Avignon, but he found means to make his Escape in a Disguise in 1402, and retired to Chateau Reinard in the Territory of Provence, where he found some Troops for his Guard. In

• the Council of Pisa, held in 1409, Benet and Gregory XII. were declared Schismaticks, Breakers of their Faith, and thereupon fallen from the Right they pretetended to the Pontificate. This was done in the Fourteenth Session, held the 5th of June; and the 26th of the same Month, the Car∣dinals entring the Conclave, chose Alexander V. Benet never yielded, but created new Cardinals, to make the breach greater, because he saw himself abandoned of most of those who had chosen him, and Excommunicated and Deposed in the Coun∣cil of Constance. He was instantly pressed by all the Poten∣tates and Honest Men of Europe, to give Peace to the Church, which he always despised; at last he retired into a small Town in the Kindom of Valencia, named Paniscola, and there dy'd in the Month of Septrmber 1424, after having liv'd 30 years in Schism, and obliged two Cardinals, who followed him, to choose one named Giles of Munion, an Aragonian, Canon of Barcelona, who took him upon the Name of Clement VIII. but soon after yielded his pretended Dignity. Froissard, Gene∣brard, Sponde.
• Benet, a Cardinal, lived in the Eleventh Age; Pope Ur∣ban II. created him Cardinal, and Paschal II. sent him Legat into France, where he assembled a Council at Poitiers, and excommunicated King Philip the First, who had repudiated the Queen, his Spouse, to Marry Bertrada
• * Benet (Renatus) of Angiers, a Doctor of Paris, Dean of the Faculty, and Curate of St. Eustache in the same City, was very Famous for his Vertue, Science, and Imployments. He preached often, and with Success. He was very mode∣rate upon the Subject of Religion, as may be seen by a Book spoken of in the Universal Bibliotheck, T. 11. Here he justi∣fies most of the Tenets of the Protestants: Wherefore the Court of Rome would never grant him his Bulls for the Bi∣shoprick of Troye in Champagne, to which he was named, by King Henry the Great, who had made him his Confessor. Sainte, Marthe Mezeray.
• Beneven••, a Town of Italy, in the Kingdom of Naples, with the Title of a Duchy and Arch-Bishoprick. It is situ∣ated upon the Rivers of Sabato and Calore, in a Fertile Coun∣try, where it gives its Name to a Valley. The Popes are Masters of Benevent, which the Latin Authors name Bene Ventum; it is thought that Diomedes built this City, and then it was called Maleventum, as we are informed by Plinius and Titus Livius; but the Romans having since sent a Colony thi∣ther, this Name was changed into Beneventum, which it bore ever since. Benevent, which some place in the Country of the Hirpians, and others in that of the Samnites, was one of the 18 Colonies, which sent the Romans a considerable Succor of Men and Money, to be employ'd against Hanibal, who had wasted the Country even to the Walls of Rome. This City was ruined by Totila, about the Year 545. The Lombards repaired it after∣wards, and erected it into a Duchy. These Dukes have been pretty Famous, and amongst the rest, Grimoald, Fifth Duke of Benevent, who banished Aripert from the Throne of the Lom∣bards, and established himself in it about the Year 663. The first of these Dukes was Zothus, whom Autharis, King of the Lombards established about the Year 598. Aragise, Duke of Be∣nevent, was Son-in-Law to Didier, the last King of the Lom∣bards, whom Charlemaign overcame, and reduced to what Terms he would, because he had been in League with Tas∣sillon D. of Bavaria, his Brother-in-Law: This fell out in 787. Grimoald II. Duke of Benevent, succeeded his Father Aragise, and was Assassinated in 818. In 1053, Henry the Third, called the Black Emperor, gave the Duchy and Principality of Benevent to Pope Leo IX, who was his Kinsman, whom also he raised to the Pontificate. It was an Exchange for Bamberg, which he was willing to free from a Gift, or Debt, which it paid every year to the Holy See. The Pope himself esta∣blished at Benevent, a Duke or Governour, named Rodolphus; he was succeeded in 1071 by another named Landulphus; but since this City hath been subject to the Roman See. Pope Victor III. celebrated there a Council in the Year 1087, where the Anti-Pope Guibert was excommunicated with his Adhe∣rents, as we are informed by Leo of Ostia, Urban II. held another there in 1091, against the same Man. There was one held in 1108 against the Investiture of Benefices by Laicks. One in 1113, for some Affairs of the Province and of Mont Cassin. A Synod in 1567, and another in 1594, where Ordinances were published. This Town suffered much by an Earth∣quake in 1688, most of the Houses, and all the Inhabi∣tants, except 600, being utterly destroyed. It stands on the River Sabato and Tamora, amidst pleasant Plains, 26 Miles East of Capua, 27 North of Salerno, 30 North East of Naples, and 120 South East of Rome.
• Benezet, a young Shepherd, Native of Alvilar in Viva∣rets, he came by Divine Inspiration (say the Papists) to Avig∣non, and there caused a Bridge to be built upon the Rhone in 1177. Thus being being but Twelve years of Age, he published the cause of his being sent, and to confirm the truth of his Mission, did himself carry a great Stone which 30 Men could scarcely move, and laid it at the Foundation of the first Pile of the Bridge. This young Architect built afterwards an Hospital, where he instituted Religi∣ous Men named Les Freres du Pont, amongst whom he re∣tired himself, and died there in 1195, and was interred in a Chapel, which is on the third Arch of this Bridge, on Avignon side. This was the cause that several other Bridges were built upon the Rhone, where still the People had very much difficulty to pass over, because of the violent swiftness of this River.
• Benfeld or Beinsfelt, Benefeldia and Benofeldia, a little Town of Germany in Elzas. It is situated upon the River Ill, about 3 Leagues from the City of Strasbourg, on which it depends, and in times past it hath been very strong and considerable, but now it's not so. It stands on the River Ill, 13 miles S. W. of Strasbourg, and 18 N. of Brisack. Long. 27. 18. Lat. 48. 17.
• Bengala, a Kingdom of Asia in the Indies, belonging to the Grand Mogul, is the Center of the Commerce of the Indies, extreamly frequented by the Europeans, particularly the French, English, Portuguese, Hollanders, &c. who have all the free Exercise of their Religion there. It has it's name from the Gulf of Bengala, which is the greatest and most fa∣mous of Asia. This State is commonly divided into 3 Parts, into Prarop which is on this side the Ganges, into Patau which is on the other side of the same River, and Bengala which is along the Coast. They assure us, that this Country is about 160 Leagues in length, and a little more in breadth betwixt the Kingdoms of Golcond and Pegu. Bengala is the fertilest Country in the World, in Sugar, Silks, and Rice, wherewith it furnisheth even the remotest Provinces, and also with divers sorts of Fruits, Salt-Peter, Wax, Civet, Lacca, Opium, Long Pepper, &c. Besides, about 100 Leagues on both sides of the Ganges, from Raje-Mehale to the Sea, are great Chanels which have been digged and drawn from the Ganges with infinite labour, very far in the Country, for the Transport of Merchandises. These Chanels are on both sides bordered with Villages very well Peopled, and large Fields of Rice, Sugar, and Wheat; of 3 or 4 kinds of Pulse, of Mustard, and Sesam-Seed to make Oyls, and a great number of small Mulberry-Trees to breed and nourish Silk-Worms.
• Ben-Gorion or Gorionides, is the name which the Jews give to the Historian Josephus, whom they call Josippus B••n-Gorion: and because they have been ignorant of a long time in the Greek Tongue, they read no other History of Josephus, but that which one of their Rabbins hath written in pretty pure Hebrew, and is an Abridgment of the true Josephus, though mixt with several fabulous things. It's observable, that there are two Editions of this Book, whereof the first is of Con∣stantinople in 1510, and the other or Baslle with the Latin Version of Munster 1541, but the latter is imperfect; There want some Chapters at the beginning of it, and many at the end, and it is maimed in several places. There is an Abridg∣ment of this History of Ben-Gorion, with a Latin Translation of Munster, and this Abridgment was Printed at Wormes in 1529. See Josephus.
• Benguela, a Country of Africk in the Lower-Ethiopia, and the Kingdom of Angola with a City of this name. It is upon the Ocean or Sea of Congo, with a pretty good Port; of which the Hollanders made themselves Masters some-time past. This Country of Benguela hath on the South the Mountain of Zihil, and on the other side the Rivers of Bengeli and Suciga, about the City Angola.
• Benhadad, King of Syria, whom Josephus calls Hadad, be∣gan to Reign about the year of the World 3000, and became formidable to his Neighbours. See his History, 1 Kings, 15.20, 21. and 2 Kings, 1.8. and 2. Chron. 18.
• Beni (Paul) a Native of Gubio or Ugubio in the Duchy of Urbin, and Professor in the University of Padua, was one of the Learnedst Men that Italy had at the beginning of this Age. He was full of Fire, and pretty prone to Critick. He thought he had found great faults in the Italian Dictio∣nary, which the Academy De la Crusca of Florence had pub∣lished; this afforded him the thought of marking them with more care in a Book Printed under the Title of Anti-Crusca, or Paragone della lingua Italiana. Paul Beni pick'd another quarrel with the same Academy, upon the Subject of Tasse, whose Defence he publickly undertook; and made Two Treatises concerning the same. In the one he compares Tasse with Virgil, and Arioste to Homer; and in another he answereth to what had been criticised upon in the Poetries of this Excellent Author. The latter is Entituled, Il Com∣mento sopra il Goffredo di Torquato Tasse. He published some other Discourses upon the Pastor Fido of Guarini. All these Pieces were in Italian; but he hath left a greater number in Latin. The most considerable are Commentaries upon the Poetry and Rhetorick of Aristotle, upon the first Six Books of the Aeneidos, and the History of Salust, a Poem and Rhe∣torick drawn from the Writings of Plato. De Historia, lib. 4. Disputatio de Annalibus Ecclesiasticis Card. Baroni••, &c. He died the 12th of February 1625. Lauren. Crasso.
• Benjamin, the Twelfth Son of Jacob, and the Second of Rachel, was born in the year of the World 2305. See Gen. 35. and foll. Jos. 18. Jug. 19. 20.
• Benjamin, Deacon and Martyr, who suffered for the Faith about the year of Christ 422. Varanes King of Persia, a great Persecuter of Christians, having cast him into Prison, set him at liberty two years after upon the Intercession of an 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• different good luck, but not being cautious enough in the guard of his Person, Berenger surprised him at Verona, and pull'd out his Eyes. Reginon saith, that this happened in 904. After this Berenger caused himself to be Crowned Em∣peror by Pope John IX. in the same year, and then by John X. in 915. The following year he joined his Troops to those of the Pope and other Princes, they defeated the Saracens, who caus'd great disorders in Italy. But the Grandees of Italy conspired against him, and call'd in Rodolf II. King of Burgundy. Berenger had recourse to the Hungarians, who at that time ravaged Germany and Italy with Fire and Sword, wherefore Berenger, who had sent for them, became more odious then those very Barbarians, so that all entred into a League against him. He lost the Battle June 28. 922. near Placentia, whither Rodolf was already advanced; and Be∣renger had nothing left but Verona, where he shut himself up, and was assassinated in 924 by the Treachery of Flambert, having but one only Daughter Gisle or Gislette Mother to Be∣renger II. Luitprand.
• Berenger II. called the Young, Son to Albert Marquis of Ivrée, and Gisle Daughter to Berenger I. revolted about 939, against Hugh King of Italy and Arles, but was unsuccessful, and forced to fly to the Emperor Otho in Germany, of whom he demanded Succour, and returning in 945, when that the Italians had abandoned Hugh, he became Master of a part of Italy, and took the Title of King in 950, after the death of Lotharius Son to the said Hugh. In the mean time he sent the Historian Luitprand to Constantin VIII. Emperor of the Greeks, on some Designs which succeeded not. He was so Tyrannical over his Subjects, that they were obliged to call Otho to their Succour. Adelais Widow of Lotharius, whom Berenger would have to Marry his Son Adelbert, was another motive of the Emperor Otho's Journey into Italy. In 964 he took and sent Berenger to Bamberg in Germany, where he died two years after. Luitprand.
• Berenger (Raimond) 30th Grand-Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, whose Convent was then at Rhodes, succeeded in 1365 to Roger Pins. He was a Native of Pro∣venc••, and of the ancient Family of the Berengers of Dau∣phine, issued from the Berengers Princes in Italy. He made a League with the King of Cyprus in 1366, and having joined their Army together, he went to retake the City of Alexan∣dria in Egypt, which he plundered and burnt. He lost but 100 Knights, and brought thence a rich Booty. He ran∣sack'd likewise the City of Tripoly in Syria. In 1371 Pope Urban V. sent the Grand-Master Berenger into the Isle of Cyprus, as Nuncio, to pacifie the Commotions of that King∣dom, after the death of Peter King of Cyprus, who had been murthered by his Brothers. In the mean time there was great abuse committed in the Administration of the Goods of the Religion in the Provinces on this side the Sea; there∣fore the Grand-Master call'd a Chapter at Avignon, where he was willing to assist; but the Pope desired him to stay at Rhod••s, for the publick good of the Christians. Some time after, Berenger would have laid down that Dignity, which the Pope hindered, knowing how necessary he was to the Order, and to the Christian State. He held two general Chapters, and ordered amongst other things, that for the Election of the Grand-Master two Knights of each Lan∣guage should be named, whereas afore they were indifferently named of all Tongues; and that each Religious should have but one Commanderie of the great ones, or two of the little. He died in 1373, and was succeeded by Robert de Juliac. Bosio.
• Berenger (Raimond) a Prince of Aragon, Provisor of St. John of Jerusalem, instituted in 1188 the Nuns of the same Order, which are commonly called the Malthoises, whereof there are several Convents in Spain, and some few in France. Six••nne.
• Berenger, Arch-Deacon of Angiers, Treasurer and Rector of St. Martin of Tours, whereof he was a Native; he lived in the 11th Age, and was reputed a very Learned and Pious Man. He was one of the first who durst oppose the growing Tenet of Transubstantiation in France, Italy, and Germany, and he drew to his Party Bruno Bishop of Angers, with several other Prelats and famous Men. He was in so great esteem for his Learning, that when he came to Rome the Pope stood up, saying, he Honoured his Natural Parts. Durand Bishop of Liege, Adelman of Bresse, and Guy Aretin, writ against him, notwithstanding several Churches did em∣brace his Doctrine, which compell'd the Roman Clergy to call several Synods at Rome, Vercelli, and Tours, An. 1055. In this last Berenger being condemned at the Synod held at Vercelli, gave an instance of the frailty of Man, and through the fear of death abjured his Doctrine. But being gone from thence, he set forth a Writing against his own Pa∣linodia; telling, that it had been extorted from him by Vio∣lence, and affirming, that the Church of Rome was the Nest of Detractors, the Council of Vanity, and the Seat of Satan, &c. Lanfrak, an Italian, Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, opposed him again. Berenger was afterwards more fixt in the profession of the Truth, wherein he persisted till he died, An. 1088 or 1091, being almost 90 years old. He learn't this purer Doctrine from John Scot, Erigena, born at Air in Scotland, Tutor to Charles the Bald King of France. Several others defended his opinion, especially in Scotland, particularly a certain Clergyman named Bernard. At the same time Fluen∣tius Bishop of Florence asserted, that Antichrist was already come into the World: And Arnulphus of Bresse, because he inveighed against the Errors and Vices of the Popish Clergy, was burned at Rome. See Platina, An. 1110, 1118. Hofm. I must not forget the Epitaph, which Hildebert Arch-Bishop of Tours, Berenger's intimate Friend, made upon him.

  Quem modo miratus, semper mirabitur Orbis Ille Berengarius non obiturus obit. Quidquid Philosophi, quidquid cecinêre poetae, Ingenio cessit, eloquio{que} suo. Cui vestis textura rudis, cui non fuit unquam Ante sitim potus, nec cibus ante famem. Quem Natura Parens Mundi cum contulit, Inquit Degenerant Alii, Nascitur ille mihi.

• Berenite, Wife to Ptolomaeus Lagus or Son to Lagus, King of Egypt, was Mother to Ptolomaeus call'd Philadelphas, who being the youngest of her Children, was notwithstanding exalted to the Throne in prejudice of his Brothers. Bere∣nice was still alive in the 124th Olympiad, and 470th year of Rome, when the same Ptolomaeus Lagus died the 40th year of his Reign. Berenice was one of the Maids of Honour to Euridice Daughter to Antipater first Wife of the same Ptolo∣maeus, who falling in love with her made her his Queen. Appian.
• Berenice, Daughter to Ptolomeus Philadelphus and Arsinac, espoused her Brother Ptolomeus Evergetes; which was no scan∣dal amongst the Egyptians. Some time after, this King being compelled to make War with the Assyrians about the 508 of Rome, Berenice to obtain Victory for her Husband vowed her Hair to Venus. At his Return, she cut her Hair, and hung it in a Temple; and because it was not to be found the next day, a Mathematician, named Conon, affirmed it had been carried up into Heaven, and placed amongst the Stars. Which gave the Poet Callimachus an occasion to com∣pose a Poem thereupon, which Catullus translated This Berenice was a wise Princess, of whom Authors speak much to her praise. Her Son Ptolomeus Philopater put her to death about the year 533 of Rome, and afterward built her a Temple under the name of Berenice the Guardian. Elian. Catul.
• Berenice, another Daughter to Ptolomeus Philadelphus, Mar∣ried about the 497 of Rome to Antiochus Soter King of Syria This latter had then another Wife, named Laodicea, who fearing the unconstant mind of this Prince, poysoned him, and caused Berenice, who had retired into the Asylum of Daphné in the Suburbs, to be murdered. Ptolemeus Evergetes immediately took the Field to revenge this death.
• Berenice, Sister, or according to others, Daughter of Pto∣lomeus called the Pip••r, or Auletes King of Egypt, she was be∣loved of the Egyptians, who being dissatisfied with their Prince, banished him in the 697 of Rome, and submitted themselves to Berenice. She Married Sybiosates of the Race of the Seleucides, and afterwards caused him to be strangled to take Archelaus. But Ptolomeus being re-established in 699, put them both to death.
• Berenice, Daughter to Agrippa the Ancient, or Herod A∣grippa King of the Jews, and Sister to Agrippa the Young, lived about the 50 year of Grace. Josephus mentions her thus; As for Berenice (saith he) the eldest of the 3 Sisters of Agrippa, she remained sometime a Widow, after the death of Herod, who was both her Husband and Uncle; but upon the Report of Criminal Conversation with her Brother, she proposed Marriage to Polemon King of Cilicia, if he would embrace the Religion of the Jews, believing that this would make the Discourse appear false. This Prince gave his Consent, because she was extreamly rich; but they were not long together, she having quitted him through Incontinence. The Emperor Claudius had destined her to be Wife to Mark Son to Alexander Lysimachus Alabarch, whom he loved mightily; but this Mark being dead afore the Marriage was consummated, Agrippa the Ancient, Father to Berenice, gave her in Marriage to Herod his Brother, for whom he obtained from Claudius the Kingdom of Chalus. This Herod died in 48, leaving by Berenice, of which I spake, two Sons, named Berinician and Hyrcan. This Prin∣cess was with her Brother Agrippa in 55, when St. Paul pleaded his Cause before him and the Pro-Consul. Porcius Festus. Joseph.
• Berenice, Daughter to Mithridates the Great and Laodicea, she would not survive the defeat of her Father by Lucullus, and willingly took the Poyson which her unhappy Father caused to be presented her; but struggling long with death, because of her great strength, she ordered the Slave Bacis to strangle her, which he performed. Plutarch.
• Berenicia, now called Bernicho or Vernich, a City of Africk in the Country of Cyrena, and Capital of the Province of Pentapolis, which the Moderns call Mestrata. They say it was built by Ptolomeus Evergetes, who call'd it Berenice after his Wife and Sister. It was in times past a Bishops See.

• Berg, called the Duchy of Berg, or of Mons, Bergensis, and Montensis Regio, a small Country of Germany in Westphalia up∣on the Rhine, betwixt the County of Marck and the Bi∣shoprick of Cologne. Its Capital City is Dusseldorp. The o∣thers are Sollingen, Berg, &c. This Country now belongs to the Duke of Newbourg: It abounds with excellent Corn and Cole-Mines.
• Bergamo, Bergamum, a City of Italy, in the State of Ve∣nice, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Milan. It is the Capi∣tal of the small Country of Bergamasque in Gaul, beyond the Po, called since Lombardy. This Country hath the Bo∣roughs of Malpango, Sonero, Bergamo, &c. it is very strong by its Castle-walls and advantageous Situation upon a Mountain, which overlooks the Plains of Milan for 20 or 30 Miles, which gives a very fine Prospect. It's but one days Journey from Milan, and situated betwixt Bresse, Creme, Lodi, and Como, and the Rivers Brembo and Serio. Bergamo was built by the Gauls, called Cenomanois or Manceaux, who passed into Italy about 170 of Rome, and the XLIX Olympiade. Paul the Dea∣con numbers it amongst those which were ruined by Attila. The Lombards repair'd it, and were Masters of it until the Eighth Age: Then it fell under the Empire of Charlemagne and his Successors; but afterwards remained a free City un∣til 264: Or, according to others, 1301, that Philip Turri∣am made himself Master of it. After Turriani, it was sub∣ject to Visconti, Suardi, Coglioni, Mastin of Escale, and John Pincinnino; the latter was assassinated about 1409; and Ro∣ger Suardi, whom the Inhabitants established as Governor, sold Bergamo to Pandolf Malat••sta; some time after, it was subdued by Philip Duke of Milan, about 1419; and this Duke dying, August 13, 1447, those of Bergamo submit∣ted themselves to the Venetians; but in 1509, the lat∣ter being defeated by King Lewis the Twelfth, at the fa∣mous Battel of Aignadel May 14; this great Monarch took Bergamo: It returned again about the year 1516 to the Ve∣netians, who have still kept it. It is a pleasant City, and pretty well built. The Language of the Bergamois is the most unpolite of all Italy, and therefore affected by the Mountibanks of this Country. Plin. Paul, Deacon. Merula Guichardin.
• Bergen, a City of Germany, Capital of the Isle and Prin∣cipality of Rugen upon the Baltick Sea, towards Pomerania. It belongs to the Suedes since 1630.
• Bergen, Bergh••n, Bergue, Bearn, Bergos and Bergia, a City of Norway, belonging to the King of Denmark, upon the Streight of Carmesund, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Dron∣theim. It is the Residence of the Vice Roy of Norway, and one of the best and richest of the Country. It is defended by the Fortress of Fredericks-borough, and hath a safe Port for Ships, because it is betwixt the Mountains. Plinius speaks of Bergen under the Name of Bergi; but he mistook in tak∣ing it for an Isle. See Berghen.
• ...Bergen, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, there is a Mountain upon the Zoom, Lat. Bergae ad Zomam. Berga, or Mons supra Zomam, and Berci Zoma, a City of the Low-Countries in Brabant, with the Title of Marquisate. It is partly situate upon the River Zoom, and partly upon a little Mountain. The Church of St. Gertruda was converted there into a Collegial Church a∣bout 1442. Bergen-op-Zoom hath had particular Lords, since 1212, the Emperor Charles V. being at Tournay in 1528, or according to others, in 33, erected it into a Marquisate; since that time the Hollanders got it, after the Death of the Marquiss de Bergues, whom the Dutchess of Parma had sent into Spain, where he was arrested, and dy'd in 1567. They have fortify'd this Place well and regularly with a Chanel that goeth to the Sea, defended by divers Forts. The Com∣mandant of Requesens was defeated in 1574, near this City, which the Prince of Parma besieged in vain, An: 1588, and Duke Spinola in 1622. This Town is 18 Miles North of Antwerp, and 18 West of Breda: Lon. 23, 32. Lat. 51. 32. Guichard. descrip. pais bas, Strada, Grotius de bell. Belg.
• Bergerac upon the Dordogne, a City of France in Perigord, with a Royal Seat, and Jurisdiction of the Seneschal. It is of great Consequence by reason of the passage of the River: The English fortified themselves therein in the Fourteeenth Age: Lewis Duke of Angiers, Brother to Charles V. took it from them about 1371, with the help of the Constable of Guesclin. Those of Bergerac rendered themselves famous, dur∣ing the Wars, for Religion: The Inhabitants received the Reformation, and held out against the Papists in 1562; since which it hath been often taken and re-taken. In 1621 it submitted to King Lewis the Thirteenth.
• Berghen, a City of the Low Countries, Capital of Hainaut. See Mons.
• Berghen, one of the five Goverments of Norway, whose Capital hath the same Name. The Ancients speak of the City of Berghen, as of a Place opposite to the Isle of Thulé, when they said Men took Ship there to go into that Island. Here is a very strong Castle, where the Governor resides, whom the King of Denmark sends. The City, which is one of the Hanse-Towns, is full of Merchants, because of the Good∣ness of its Harbour, where Vessels of 200 Tuns ride safe. Here dwell several different Nations, but the Norwegians and Germans make the greatest Number. The Merchants of Hambourgh, Lubeck, Dantzick and Brunswick have their parti∣cular Magazines there, a publick House, and besides which they call Contor. They carry from thence a great deal of Fish, taken up in January, and dry'd in the Cold, which the Germans call Stock-Fish. There are also store of Skins and Furrs that are brought thither from all Parts; so that this City is accounted the Magazine of all Norway. The longest Days in Summer are of twenty Hours, and the short∣est in Winter only of Four. *It has a Castle called Bergen-Hus, which lies in a small Territory of Nord-Horland, Subject to the King of Denmark, as King of Norway: Is 23 Leagues from Linse Noes, or the most Southern Point of Norway, and 80 from the nearest Coast of Scotland. The City is without dis∣pute the richest of Norway; the English entred its Port in 1665, and fell upon the Duteh East-India Fleet, which they had certainly destroyed, had not contrary Winds given the Dutch time to draw their Cannon ashore for their Defence. Janson Theatrum Civitatum.
• Berg-S. Vinor, a City of the Low Countries in Flanders, belonging to the King of France: Those of the Country call it Vinoxberg, in Lat. Berga S. Winoci, or Winoci-Montium and Vinoberga; and in times past, Groemberga and Mons Viridis. It is about a League and a half from Dunkirk, and 6 or 7 from Ipres. It hath the Title of a Vicounty and Castelan∣ship, and hath many Villages under its Jurisdiction. Its si∣tuate in a most fertil Country. Bergh S. Winoc was taken by the French in 1658, and it remained to them by the 31st Ar∣ticle of the Pirenean Peace in 1659. They have built there a Royal Fort.
• Bergion and Albion, two Gyants, both Sons to Neptune, who attempting to hinder Hercules from passing the Rhone, near its Mouth, were overthrown by a Rain of Stones, which Jupiter caused to fall upon them. Mela.
• * Berkley, a Market Town of Berkley Hundred in Glocester∣shire, on the East side of the Severn, noted for its Castle, which gave Name to the Noble and ancient Family of Fitz Harding in King Henry the Second's Reign; which descended from Robert Fitz Harding, of the Blood Royal of the Danes. 'Twas in Berkley Castle that King Edward the Second was barbarously Murthered, after his Resignation of the Crown.
• * Berkley (George) the present Earl of Berkley, is descended in a Collateral Line from William Lord Berkley, descended from the Mowbraies, who in the year 1482, was by King Richard the Third created Viscount Berkley, from a Castle of that Name in Glocestershire, the Chief Seat of the Family, as he was soon after Earl of Nottingham and Earl Marshal, and at last Marquess Berkley by King Henry the Seventh; but dying without Issue, all those Titles ended with him; only that of Lord Berkley continued in the collateral Line, till the late King Charles was pleased to create the present Lord, Viscount Dursley, and Earl of Berkley, An. 1679. His Fa∣ther's Name was George, Lord Berkley, Grand-Son of Henry, who Married Elizabeth, the second Daughter and Co-heir of Sir Michael Stanhope, of Sudburn, in the County of Suffolk, by whom he had two Sons and a Daughter, the eldest Son Charles was drowned in his Passage to Dieppe in France, Anno 1640; the other is George, the present Earl: Elizabeth the Daughter, was Marry'd to Edward Coke, Son and Heir to John Coke of Holkham, in the County of Norfolk, Esq; who was Son of Sir Edward Coke, Chief Justice of the King's-Bench. The present Earl, when Lord Berkley, took to Wife Elizabeth, the eldest Daughter, and Co-heir to John Massingberd, Mer∣chant of London, of the East India Company; by whom he had Issue several Sons and Daughters: The eldest of his Sons, the Lord Dursley, being at this time imployed by their Majesties as Embassador to the States of Holland. The Arms of this honorable and ancient Family, are Gules, a Chevron between 10 Crosses pale Argent.
• * Berkley (John) a Baron of this Realm, the younger Brother of Charles, lately deceased, is Son of Sir John Berk∣ley, of Bruton, in the County of Somerset, descended from the most Noble and Ancient Barons, Berkley of Berkley-Castle, which Sir John, for his successful Services to King Charles the First and Second, was by the latter, during his Exile, created Baron Berkly of Stratton in Somersetshire, Anno 1658. After the Restauration, he was made Lord Lieute∣nant of Ireland, where he continued three years, and was then sent Ambassador into France, and upon his Return from thence, he fell sick, and dy'd at London, An. 1658. By Chri∣stian his Wife, Daughter of Sir Andrew Riccard, President of the East-India Company, and Widow of Henry Lord Kensing∣ton: He had Issue 4 Sons, Charles Deceased, John the present Lord, William and Maurice, who dy'd young, and a Daugh∣ter called Ann. The Arms somewhat near those of the Earl of Berkley, as being collaterally of the same Family, are Argent, a Chevron Ermin between 10 Crosses, Patee 6 and 4.
• Berlin, upon the River Sprehe or Spree, a Town in Ger∣many, in the Marquisate of Brandenbourg, it is large, fair, well built, the Capital of the Territories of the Elector of Bran∣denburg, and his ordinary Residence: The River divides it in∣to two Parts, the one of which hath the Name of Berlin, 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• ... Great's time, which may be, but then he must have been very young, for it is more certain that he was in esteem in the time of Ptolomeus Philadelphus King of Egypt, the CXXVI. Olympiad, the 478 year of Rome, 3778 of the World, and about 276 before the Birth of Jesus Christ. He writ in 3 Books, a Hi∣story of Chaldaea, which the ancient Authors spoke of with Praise, and of which we have now but some Frag∣ments in Josephus. For as to the History that bears his Name, all learned Men are perswaded that it is a Cheat of Annius of Viterba. Berosus Dedicated his Work, either to Antiochus Soter, King of Syria, who began to reign in 473, of Rome, or to Antiochus II. his Son, called the God, who succeeded him in the CXXIX. Olympiad, and 492 of Rome; but it is more likely that it was to the first. The Athenians had so much Consideration for this great Man, that they erected a Statue for him, as we are informed by Pliny. Justin Martyr saith, that Berosus was Father of the Sibylla Cumano: and if that be so, she differs from her that lived in the time of Tar∣quinius. Pliny, St. Justin.
• Berri, a Province of France, with the Title of Duchy, Bituricensis Provincia. It hath the Bourbonnois and the Niver∣nois on the East, Tourain on the West, La Marche on the South, and the Sologne on the North. The River Cher di∣vides it into two Parts. Bourges is its Capital: The others are Issoudun, Sancerre, Argenton, la Chastre, Chateau-roux, S. Aig∣nan, le Blanc, Grassai, Chateau neuf upon Cher, Ligneres, Sainte Severe, Valancai, Aubigni, Vatan, Buzancais, Monfaucon, &c. This Province abounds in Corn, Wine, Pasture, Cattle, &c. There is admirable Wooll in it, which makes the Cloth of Berri to be sought for, whereof there are several Manufacto∣ries. It is watered by divers Rivers, which render the Country fertile and pleasant. The Principal is the Cher: The others are, Inare, Auron, Auret, Eure or Yere, Arnon, &c. The Berruiers or Bituriges were in times past famous amongst the People of Gaul for their Courage, having held the Em∣pire of the Gauls, especially of the Gallia Celtica, a pretty long time, and it was they that gave Caesar the greatest trouble. He saith himself that the Berruiers burned twenty of their Cities, fearing they should become a Prey to the Conquerors. However Bourges was taken. After that time Berri was subject to the Romans, and then to the French, making part of the Kingdom of Aquitain. Upon the declining of the second race of the French Kings, the Province of Berri had particular Lords, who took the Title of Earls of Bourges, as Herard, William the Devout, Bernard, &c. Geofrey, who liv∣ed under Hugh Capet, left Harpin or Herpin, who, willing to go on a Voyage to the Holy Land, sold Bourges to King Philip I. for 60000 pieces of Gold. From that time the County of Bourges was united to the Crown untill 1360, that K. John erected it into a Duchy and Peerdom for John of France his Son, on condition that it should return to the Crown upon Default of Male Children. The King of Berri was named Ambigat; in the time of Tarquin the Ancient, the fifth King of Rome. We do not know the Name of those who succeeded him; but Livy tells us, that two Nephews of Ambigat, Sons to his Sister, named Segovesus and Bellovesus, signalized themselves by the famous Colonies which they led into Germany and Italy. Segovesus having passed the Rhine, and gone through the Forrest Hircinia, now called the Black Forrest, established part of his People in Bohemia, the other upon the Borders of the Danube, and the third in Freezland and Westphalia, whence came the ancient French, who more than a thousand years after, under Faramond and Clodion, passed the Rhine to conquer p••rt of Gaul, that was the Country of their Ancestors. Bellovesus took his way towards Italy, pas∣sed the Alps, and became Master of the Country, which since was called Lombardy. His Conquests gave the Name of Gal∣lia Cisalpina to the best part of Italy. This generous Expedi∣tion was made about the year of the World 3464, the year 164 of the Foundation of Rome, and 591 years before the Birth of Jesus Christ. P. Labbe Histoir Chronologick.
• Bersarians or Berverarians, certain under Officers of the Court of Charlemaigne. Some take the Bersarians for those which the Ancients named Bestiarie, and were condemned to fight for their Lives against Beasts in the Amphitheatres. Spelman puts them amongst Hunters, and chiefly those who attacked Wolves; and by Bevererians, he understands those who went to hunt after Castors, which most Nations name Bever.
• Bersheba, or Beersheba, a City of Palestin, on the side of Gaza, and the same which hath been since taken for Gibelin, according to Volaterran, Bochart, and some others. The Name of Beersheba was given it sometime after the Alliance of Abraham and Abimelech, as it is related in Genesis, Ch. 21. It became afterwards the Lot of the Tribe of Simeon, as we see it in the Book of Joshua.
• Berthe, or Edithberge, Daughter to Charibert King of France and Ingoberge, was Married to Ethelbert King of Kent, about the end of the IV Century. This Prince was a Hea∣then; but Queen Berthe drew him by her Example and Vir∣tue, to the Christian Religion.
• Berthe, or Bertrade, whom some Historians have sirnamed Great-foot, was Daughter to Charibert Earl of Laon; She Married Pepin the Short, since King of France, and was Mo∣ther to Charlemaign, Carloman, &c. She died at Choissy, July 22. 783. and was interred at St. Denis by the King her Hus∣band.
• Berthe, Daughter to Lotharius II. and Valrada, in the X Century, was one of the most Illustrious Princesses of her time; She was Beautiful, Couragious, and of such Wit, that she could manage all sorts of Affairs. She Married first Theobaldus Earl of Arles, of whom she had Hugh, who was King of Arles, and afterwards of Italy in 928. After the death of the Earl Theobald, being still very young, she made a second Alliance with Adalbert, or Adelbert Marquis of Tos∣cany, called the Rich. Who was not so considerable in Wit as in Riches; and the Princess his Wife would say un∣to him sometimes in jest, That she must make him either a King or an Ass; so much did the good Man suffer himself to be led by her: She made a League to destroy Berenger King of Italy, whom Adelbert had established upon the Throne, and she managed it pretty well; but she lost her Husband, and this loss broke her measures. She had by this second Mar∣riage Guy, and Lambert, Marquisses of Toscany, and Hermen∣gard Married to Adelbert Marquis of Ivre. After the death of the Marquis of Toscany, Berenger seized on Berthe and Guy her Son, and sent them Prisoners to Mantua, having first proposed unto them that they should yield to him the strong∣est Towns and Castles of Toscany; but Berthe refused it Cou∣ragiously. As she had great Wit, Beauty, and Riches, she equally imployed those advantages; and Berenger was at last forced to set her at liberty, after having, perhaps, lost his own. She did not survive this Prince a long time; for Berenger was killed in 924. and Berthe died in 925. at Luca, where her Tomb is to be seen, with an Epitaph that con∣tains an Abridgment of her Life, and speaks of her Wit, and the earnest desire which those of quality had for her Con∣versation.
• Berthold, sirnamed the Black, a Chymist, and according to some, a Monk of Germany; It's said he invented Fire-Arms, and Cannon-powder, upon a casual experiment; for having put Powder of Brimstone into a Mortar, and covered it with a Stone, in order to prepare, and turn it into a Me∣decine, it happened that by striking fire hard by, a sparkle fell into the Mortar, fired the Powder, and made the Stone fly off. This put him in the head to make an Iron Pipe, re∣sembling the Barrels of Guns and Muskets; which succeed∣ing, he shewed the use on't to the Venetians, who made their ad∣vantage of it in the Battel of Chioza, against the Genoese in 1380.
• Berthold of Rorbarch, a Heretick in the XIV Age, in the sense of the Romanists, who Preached the Opinions of the Beguards; they compell'd him first to abjure these pretended Errors at Wirtzburg in Germany; but having afterwards taught them at Spire, he was burned there in 1359.
• Bertinoro, or Bertinaro, Britinorium, Bretinorium, and Petra Honorii, a Town of Italy in Romania, with a Bishoprick suffragant of Ravenna; It belongs to the Pope, and is situated on the Frontiers of Tuscany, upon a Hill near the River Ronco, or Bodese, not far from Ravenna, Faenza, Cosence, &c. The Bishoprick was in times past at Forlimpopoli, which is now a small Burrough near Bertinoro.
• Bertolde, Lord of Mirebeau in the Province of Poitou, see∣ing himself not able to defend the place against the Army of St. Lewis, which was not far from it, in 1242. went to cast himself at the feet of Henry III. King of England, to whom this City was subject at that time, and asked him, if he might hope for any succour? or if he would have him hold out to the last extremity? Henry touched with this Zeal, and not being able to relieve him with any Troops, permitted him to save himself with his Family as he could. Bertholde afterwards came into the Camp of St. Lewis, to promise him Obedience; but he appeared with a surprising resolution, and spoke thus to that Prince: I am yours, Sir, but look not upon me as less subdued by force, than if I had been taken fighting. If the King, my old Master, had not given me to my Family, you should not have had me after this manner; as I shall never cease to be yours, till you cease to care for me. Then the King stretching his hand to him; I receive you, saith he, with joy; and be you joyful in like manner. Remain Master of your place, and keep it for me. Hist. St. Lowis.
• Bertram (Cornelius) a Professor of the Hebrew Tongue at Geneva, he Publish'd some works, and amongst others, a Repub∣lick of the Hebrews, which is short and methodical. But that which gave him most reputation amongst those of his Party is, That he is the first who Translated the whole Bible into French according to the Hebrew, with the assistance of some other Ministers; which Translation has been used ever since by the French.
• St. Bertrand, Bishop of Mans, was of the Blood-Royal, and of the House of the Princes of Aquitain. Theodebert and Thierry, having won the Battel against the King of France, Clotharius II. their Cousin, who yielded to these Princes the greatest part of his Kingdom, the City of Mans fell to the lot of King Thierry; This Prince immediately urged Bertrand to quit the Party of Clotharius, and take the Oath of Allegiance to him. And upon the denial of this Prelate, he deprived him of his Bishoprick and Goods, and sent him into Capti∣vity;

• but Bertrand was re-established after the death of these two Princes, when Clotharius had recovered the Province of Maine. This Illustrious Prelate died in the year 624. the 70 of his Age, and the 38 of his Governing the Church.
• Bertrand Earl of Provence, was Son to Geofrey, and Stephana, called the Sweet, whom he succeeded about the year 1063. He joyn'd with Pope Gregory VII. against the Emperor Henry IV. whom he had a desire to drive from Provence, and oppo∣sed, on that account, Aicard, Archbishop of Arles, who favoured the same Prince. Earl Bertrand died about the year 1090. and it is not known whether he left any Children by Matrand his Wife; for there is no certainty that Gilbert, who succeeded him, was his Son.
• Bertrand, the sirname of a Family of Toulouse, that has produced several wise Magistrates and Illustrious Persons.
• Bertrand (Peter) Son to Blaise of Montluc, lived under the Reign of Charles IX. King of France: That his Country should not yield to the Portugueses, he formed a design, to build a Fort in some place of the Kingdoms of Mozambick, Melinda, or Manicongo, that might serve the French, as a re∣treat for their Commerce into Africk and the East-Indies. For this end, he had Armed three great Men of War and some Barks, into which he put 1200 stout Men; but the Tempest having cast him upon the Coast of Madera, and his Men being willing to go ashoar to take in Water, the Portuguese received them with Cannon shots, and sallied upon them to to cut them in pieces. Bertrand, incens'd at their violating the Law of Nations, and the Alliance betwixt the Crown of France and Portugal, Landed 800 Men, and made streight towards them, whilst his Brother Fabian attack'd them behind, having kill'd most of 'em: He immediately went to the City, which bears the name of the Isle, planted his Cannon, and took, and ransack'd it; but as he attacked the great Church, wheresome of the Garison still defended them∣selves, he was wounded in the Thigh, whereof he died some few days after; and thus this worthy undertaking re∣mained without success. Mezeray.
• Bertrand of Reims, an Hermit, of the City whose name he boar; lived a long time very Religiously in the Forest of Portenay, and that of Glancon near Tournay, whether he withdrew just when it was said, That Earl Baldwin, Em∣peror of Constantinople, had made his escape from the Infidels, and lived in an Hermitage. This conjuncture made some believe that Bertrand was Earl Baldwin; and at first, the Monk accepted the Honours which were rendered him as such: And afterwards affirm'd, that the Opinion which Men had of him was true; and suffered himself to be magnificently treated in the Cities of Flanders and Hainaut, where he was received with much joy: But this Cheat having been found out, he was convicted of Imposture, and Hang'd at Lisle in Iron Chains, in 1225. However others are of opinion, that this pretended Bertrand was the true Baldwin, whom Countess Joan, his Daughter, chose ra∣ther to Hang, than to yield her Crown to him. See de Ro∣colles.
• Bertrand d'Argentre, Lieutenant-General, or Great Sene∣schal of Rennes in Brittany. We have a History of Brittany of his composure, which he undertook at the request of the States of that Province. He had finished other Works which he had not leisure to Print; for being obliged to quit Renne du∣ring the unhappy factions of the League, he died of grief February 13. 1590. 71 years of Age. Thuan.
• St. Bertrant, a handsome City of France in the Govern∣ment of Gascony, chief place of the County of Coserans, and a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Aux; it's situate on the River Garonne, 44 miles S. of Aux, and 38 S E. of Tarbe: Long. 18.53. Lat. 42.54.
• * Bertue (Robert) the present E. of Lindsey, is the Son of Montague, Son of Robert Bertue, Lord Willoughby of Eresby, and Lord Great Chamberlain of England, who was created E. of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, by K. Charles I. An. 1626. and slain in His Majesty's Service at Edge-hill fight, Octob. 23. 1642. In which Battel was also his eldest Son Montague, Father of the present Earl, who seeing his Father wounded and taken Pri∣soner, voluntarily yielded himself to a Commander of Horse on the other side, that he might attend his Father; and when upon Exchange of Prisoners he was set at liberty, he persisted in the King's Service. This Family fetches its de∣scent from Tho. Bertue of Berested in Kent, Captain of Hurst-Castle in the Isle of Whight, whose Son Richard, in the Reign of Edward VI. Married the Lady Katharine Dutchess Dowa∣ger of Suffolk, sole Daughter and Heir to William the last Lord Willoughby of Eresby; by whom he had, amongst other Children, his eldest Son Peregrine, so call'd, because he was born beyond Sea in the time of their flight from persecution in the Reign of Q. Mary, which Peregrine was the Father of Robert aforesaid, the Grandfather of the present Earl, and first E. of Lindsey. To this Family belongs by right of In∣heritance, since the death of Henry de Vere, the Title and Dignity of Lord Great Chamberlain of England, the Duties of which Office are at the King's Coronation day, to wait upon him with his Shirt and other Garments; to be chief in dressing of him, and hold him a Bason of Water, both be∣fore and after Dinner: For this Service the Lord Chamber∣lain is allowed 40 Ells of Scarlet coloured Silk to make his Chamberlains Robe, the Bed and Furniture belonging to it, in which the King lies the night before; the Bason and Towel which he holds with Water: And lastly, the Cup which he presents the K. to drink, after his Lordship tasts the Wine. The Arms of this Family are Argent, three Battering Rams Barways, in Pale Azure, Arm'd and Hoop'd: or, two Lattices or Frettee-Azure.
• * Bertue (James) E. of Abington, half Brother of Robert the present E. of Lindsey, is the Son of Montague, the late E. of Lindsey, by Bridget his second Wife; He was first created Baron Norris of Ricot in Oxfordshire, by K. Charles II. and afterwards E. of Abington in Berkshire, An. 1682. The Title of Baron Norris was in his Mother's Family before, being Daughter, and sole Heir of Edward Wray Esq; by Elizabeth his Wife, only Daughter and Heiress of Francis Ld. Norris, E. of Berkshire; as for his Paternal descent, see Bertue E. of Lindsey.
• * Bertulf, K. of Mercia; but the W. Saxons succeeded to Withlof, An. 839. The Danes coming upon him routed his whole Army, and forc'd him beyond Sea.
• Berulle (Peter) a Cardinal, Founder of the Congregation of the Oratory in France, confirm'd by Pope Paul V. in 1613. was born of a Noble Family, originally of Champagne. He made a Vow, that he would accept of no Ecclesiastical Dig∣nity; but Pope Urban VIII. dispensed with it, and Com∣manded him to accept of a Cardinals Hat in 1627. which he obeyed, and died as saying Mass, October 2. 1629. St. Marth. Gal. Christ.
• Berwald, a Town of Germany belonging to the Elector of Brandenbourg; famous for the Alliance made there in 1631. between the Kings of France and Sweden, and the Princes of Germany. It is on the other side of the River Oder, in the New Marquisate of Brandenbourg, betwixt Konigsberg, Landsperg, Soldin, Furstenfeld, &c.
• Beryllus, Bishop of Bostres in Arabia, lived about 240. he Governed his Church very well for some time; but after∣wards fell into Heresie, maintaining that the Son of God had not an Essence distinct from that of the Father before the Incarnation. Several Bishops endeavoured by their Con∣ferences to reclaim him, but Origen prevailed by force of Ar∣gument. These Conferences were long preserved, and St. Jerome testifies, That in his time the Dialogues of Origen and Beryllus were to be seen; whom, for this reason, he puts a∣mongst the Ecclesiastical Writers.
• Beryte, or Barut, upon the Mediterranean Sea, a City of Asia in Phoenicia, which in times past had an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Antioch: It is ancient, and mentioned by Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolomy. Baldwin I. King of Jerusa∣lem, the Earl Tancrede, and other Princes, with the help of the Genoa Fleet, took this City in April 1110. They esta∣blished particular Lords in it; and sometime after, Gau∣tier exchanged it with the King of Jerusalem for Blanchegarde. Barut was then an important City; but being taken by the Infidels, after the loss of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, it was almost ruined, and hath now but a small Commerce. It lies between Tripoli and Saide, not far from Damascus and Mount Lebanon. There was a Council here in 448. to examin the Accusations of the Priests of Edessa, against Ibas their Pre∣late, Daniel of Carres in Mesopotamia, and John of Batenes. They imputed to the first, That he said, He could be made such as Jesus Christ made God: which he denied. They pro∣duced, besides the fragment of a Letter, written by him to Maris. It is the same which since occasioned a great conte∣station in the Church. They said that, in this Letter, Ibas called St. Cyrill a Heretick; but as it had been written be∣fore the reconciliation of this Prelate with John of Antioch, these things were not considered, and Ibas was declared Or∣thodox. This Town is five miles N. from Sidon.
• Besancon upon the Deux, a City and Archbishops See of Franche-Comté in Burgundy, with an University, and Parlia∣ment, that hath for Suffragants, Belai, Lausane, and Basle. In times past it had others, as Nion, Avrenches, Wiflisbourg, Yverdun, and Colimar; but these Towns are not now Episcopal Sees. Besancon is Great, Fair, and Ancient; but it's scarcely cre∣dible that the Trojans were the Founders of it. It hath yet some Illustrious remains of Antiquity. The Druides exercised their Religion in it; which afterwards yielded to that of the Romans who Conquer'd the Gauls, and valued Besancon for its situation; divers quarters of it have still the Roman names, as Campus, Martius, Vicus, Veneris, &c. and Urns, Medals, and Instru∣ments of Sacrifice are daily found here. Besançon was then a very flourishing City, and the Romans neglected nothing that could forward Trafick, make the Laws firm, or intice Strangers thither. It continued so for two or three Ages, especially under the Empire of Aurelian, about 274. when they erected a Triumphal Arch for him, whose re∣mains are yet to be seen: But a little while after, this City was taken and ruined by the Germans and Marcomans, who entred Gaul with Crocus. It was ruinous when Julian the A∣postate passed through it in 356, as he saith, writing to the Philosopher Maximus; some time after, Besançon was rebuilt; but attack'd by the Vandals who could not take it, in 406. About 413. it was subdued by the Burgundians, and Attila 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• the Bible of Complutus. The Divines of Lovain and Paris also applied themselves to this Correction, and chiefly the first, who have given several Editions of the Vulgar, with useful and curious Amendments. Robert Stephens hath also done the same thing; but the best of all these Latin Editions, is that of 1541 in Folio, where are seen in the Margins, the Va∣rious Readings drawn from a great Number of Manuscript Copies.

• Bibles (Moscovite) These People have also Printed a Ver∣sion of the Bible in their Tongue from the Greek, seeing they profess to follow the Belief and Rites of the Greek Church. Those who have a desire to be throughly informed of the Bibles in all Languages, which have been translated in these latter Times, as well by Papists as Protestants, may consult the new Book of Kortholthus a German, entituled De variis Biblio∣rum Editionibus. Wherein they will find several curious things concerning the Northern Translations of the Bible.
• Bibles (Persian.) The ancient Fathers made mention of a Version of Scripture in Persian; but there remaineth no∣thing of it. The Jews of Constantinople have printed a Translation of the Pentateuch into Persian, in this latter Age, in Hebrew Characters. It is re-printed in Persian Characters in the Polyglot of England, where also hath been printed a Persian Version of the New Testament.
• Bibles (Samaritan.) The Samaritans do admit only of the five Books of Moses, which they read in Hebrew as well as the Jews, being only different from them in Characters, as St. Jerome hath observed. Father Morin was the first that printed this Hebrew Pentateuch of the Samaritans, with a Version which is called Samaritan, though it is in a Tongue that is almost the same with the Chaldaick: Both of them are in the great Bible of Mr. Le Jay, and in the Polyglot of Eng∣land. The Samaritans have, besides this, an Arabick Version of the Pentateuch, which hath not been printed, and is also very rare. Two Copies of it are in the French King's Li∣brary. The Author's Name is Abusaid, and he hath joyned to it some litteral Notes in the Margin. They have also a History of Joshua; but they do not look upon it as a Cano∣nical Book: Neither doth it agree with the true Book of Jo∣shua, that makes part of Holy Scripture.
• Bibles (Syriack.) There are two sorts of Syriack Versions of the Old Testament. The first from the Septuagint, not printed. The other translated from the Hebrew, first printed In the great Bible of Mr. Le Jay, and is used by the Christi∣ans of the East, who followed the Syrian Rites. As to the Syriack New Testament, some Authors believe it to be very ancient, and others not. John Albert Widmanstadius was the first who printed it in 1562 at Vienna, in very fine Syriack Characters. R. Elias Levita P. Morin Kortholthus de variis Biblior. Edition.
• Biblia, or Billia, Wife to Duellius, a Roman Captain: She answered her Husband, who complained that she never told him of his Stinking Breath, with which one of his Neigh∣bours had reproached him; that she thought all Men had had the same Defect. Plutarch saith the same thing of the Wife of Hiero.
• Bibliander (Theodorus) a Native of Switzerland, of the six∣teenth Age. He was a Learned Linguist and Divine; he was a Protestant, and taught a long time at Zurich, where he died of the Plague November the 29th 1564. He hath written divers Theological Works, and Commentaries upon Scripture: Explicatio somnii Ezrae. In Epist. Petri in Apocalyp. &c. Thuanus speaks of him in the year 1564. Theodorus Bibli∣ander, saith he, a learned Man in all things, died very old of the Plague at Zurich, November the 29th. He adds after∣wards: Bibliander, aided by Conrad Pelican and Peter Cho∣lin, Learned Men in the Greek, put the last Hand to the New Edi∣tion of the Bible, which was made at Zurich in 1543, and which Leo of Juda had begun; and two years after Robert Sthepens added in his Edition this ancient Translation, without mentioning those who had wrought thereat. A long while after the Spanish Divines got it again to be printed at Lions, having been review∣ed by William Roville.
• Bibliolathas, a Name which was given to Dydimus, for having written 3500 Books, acording to Coclius Rhodig.
• Biblis, a Woman, who couragiously suffered Martyrdom, during the cruel Persecution raised in France, about the year 167, in the time of Marcus Aurelius, and L. Verus a∣gainst the Christians of Lyons and Vienne; she at first renoun∣ced her Faith, and some time after she was condemned to dye for a certain Crime whereof she was accused: God revealed to her in Prison, that he had abandoned her, because she had forsaken him; which made her repent, and induced her o∣penly to confess unto the last Gasp, that she was a Christian. Sueur Hist. de L. Egl.
• Biblis, of Mileto, Daughter to the Nymph of Cyana, who not being able to gain the Friendship of her Brother Caunus cry'd until she was turned into a Fountain.
• Bibrach, or Bibach, Bibacum and Biberacum, a City of Ger∣many, in the Country of Algow in Suabia. It is an Imperial City, situate upon the River Russ, and famous for its Mine∣ral Maters, called the Waters of Jordan. This City stands a∣bout five German Miles from Ulm to the North West, it takes its Name from a Castor or Beaver. It was a village un∣der Pepin King of France about 751; but Frederick the Se∣cond walled it for some signal Services performed under Max∣imilian the First: The publick Arms of it were changed from a crown'd Castor or Beaver, to a crown'd Lyon. It obtained also from Maximilian the Second, the Right of Seal∣ing with Red Wax.
• Bibulus (M. Calpurnius) a Roman Consul, Married Porcia, Daughter to Cato of Utica. He was Consul with Caesar in the 695th of Rome. Caesar immediately proposed the Lex A∣graria to the People, and omitted nothing of what could procure his Friendship. Bibulus opposed these Novelties, but it was in vain, because Lucullus and Cato, who supported him, could do nothing when the Interest of the People was in question. Caesar, who was persuaded of the Weakness of of his Colleague, insulted over him, causing the Rods which his Lictors carried to be broken; some of his Party went to that Excess of Contempt, as to throw Filth upon the Head of this Consul, who being thus affronted, durst no more ap∣pear in Publick, but kept at his own House during eight Months, making his Oppositions by Placats, which he took care to stick up in the Night in publick Places, and Corners of the Streets. And as this Consul did no more appear, and Julius Caesar bore alone the Administration of the Republick, the People used to say in Mockery, Julio & Caesare Consulibus. Bibulus, Son to this Consul, composed the Abridgment of the Life of Cato his Uncle, by the Mother's Side, as we are informed by Plutarch in the Life of the same Cato.
• * Bicester, a Market Town in Oxfordshire, in the Hundred of Ploughly.
• Bicon, a Grecian, being jealous of the Greatness of Atheno∣dorus his Country Man, who had made himself Chief, and as 'twere King of the Grecian Troops, which Alexander the Great had left in Colonies about Baciria, and who had rebel∣led. Bicon laid a Trap for him, and having invited him to a Feast, got him assassinated by one Boxus of Mauritania. The next Morning he assembled the Troops, and made some be∣lieve that Athenodorus had a mind to destroy him, but was pre∣vented; but most doubted of the Imposture, and by little and little, the rest having found it out, they took Arms, be∣ing resolved to kill him at the first Rencounter. Neverthe∣less, the Officers fearing that the Evil should spread further, appeased the Soldiers, as upon the Point of Execution. Bi∣con was no sooner delivered from this Danger, against his Ex∣pectation, but he plotted the Death of those who had saved him; which Design being discovered, he was seized with Boxius, who was killed upon the Place. As for him, they were resolved to put him to Death by violent Torments. They were going to put him to the Rack, when the Greeks (for what reason is unknown) ran to their Arms as if they had been Frantick; so that those who carried him to be Ex∣ecuted, being frightned at this Tumult, left him alone, thinking that they were going to rescue him; whereupon he came and threw himself, quite naked as he was, into the Hand of the Grecians, who seeing him in this wretched Con∣dition, took pitty on him, and commanded that he should be let loose; so that having escaped Death twice, he re∣turned into his Country, with those who quitted the Colonies which Alexander had assigned unto them. Q. Curtius, Liv. 9.
• Bicoque, a small Town of Milanez, three Miles from Mi∣lan. Odet de Foix, Lord of Lautrec, Marshal of France, was defeated there by the Switzers, in a Battel, the 27th of April 1522.
• Bidache, a small Town of Bearne, or, as they say, be∣twixt the Country of Lebaur and Lower Navarre. It has the Title of Principality, belongs to the Mareschal of Grammont, and hath a Castle, which the Emperor Charles the Fifth could never carry. Bidache is five or six Leagues distant from Bai∣onne, and upon the River Bidouse, which begins to be Naviga∣ble there, and dischargeth it self a little after into the Adour, below Guiche.
• Bidassoa, a River which springs from the Pirenean Moun∣tains towards Maia, and runs into the Sea, near Fontarabia. It separates France from Spain, upon an Isle which this River formeth, called the Isle of Phesants. Cardinal Mazarin, and Don Lewis Mendez de Haro concluded the Peace in 1659, be∣twixt the two Crowns of France and Spain, whereof they were Plenipotentiaries.
• Bider, or Beder, one of the strongest and most important Places in the Kingdom of Visapour between Golconda to the North, and Visapour to the South, which was taken by Au∣renzeb in his first Expedition against the King of Golconda. Bernier, Pag. 7.
• * Bideston, a Market Town of Cesford Hundred, in the South Parts of Suffolk.
• Biela, or Biella, Bugella, Gaumellum and Laumellum, a Town of Italy, belonging to the Duke of Savoy. It is Capi∣tal of a small Country called Bielese; is a good Town, rich, populous, and adorned with divers Churches. Francis the Second, Duke of Modena, died here in 1658.
• Biel Ozer, or Bielejesioro, a Duchy in Moscow, having a Capital of the same Name, situate on the West of the Lake Biel Ozer. Here is a strong Citadel, whose Situation in the middle of several Bogs, renders it impregnable: Therefore

• the Great Duke shuts up part of his Treasures in it, and re∣tires thither during the War, when he is forced to put him∣self into a Place of Surety. Biel Ozer, in the Country Lan∣guage signifies a white Lake. Biela stands almost in the middle between Novigrod to the East, and Wologda to the West; about 62 German Miles North West of Moskow.
• Bielski; a Principality in Russia, with a Castle and a City of the same Name, upon the River Opska, in a woody Country, 60 Miles from Moskow towards the West. It is one of the Titles which the Duke of Moscovy takes.
• Bielsko, or Bielsk, in Latin Bielca, a City of Poland, Ca∣pital of Polakia: It is on the River Biala, from which it had its Name, with a very good Fortress, betwixt Varsovia and Brescia. This Place was surrendred by Treaty to the Mosco∣vites in 1634, together with Smolensko, Novograd, and other strong Places, and the Territories belonging to them.
• Bienne, or Biel, Bienna, a Town in League with the Switzers, near a Lake of the same Name Name, betwixt Neufchastel and Soleurre. Bienne was in times past under the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Basle; but having embraced the Reformation, it became free, and made Alliance with the Cantons in 1547. The Bishop of Basle made some Pretensi∣ons to this City in 1303, they entered into a League with those of Bern, Strasburg, Basil, and others; and in 1532, they entered into a particular League with Bern, granting mutu∣al Immunities; which the Bishop being offended at, he of a sudden attacked the Town, killed some of the Inhabitants, and then set fire to it, whereupon those of Bern coming to their Assistance, they took the Bishop's Castle, and ravaged his Territories; which Service those of Biel thankfully repay'd, by assisting their Confederates of Bern against the Dukes of Burgundy in 1415. The Lake of this Name is very pleasant and full of Fish, and hath its Banks planted with Vines. It has also some Islands, of which that called St. Peter's is ve∣ry pleasant, the rest are frequently overflowed. This Lake is principally remarkable for Plenty of those Fish called Heurlings, and because it swells in the greatest Frosts.
• Bietala, or Biutala, a Fortress situated in the furthest part of the Kingdom of Barantola in Great Tartary. It is fa∣mous for being the common Residence of one of the two Kings of the Country called Grand Lama, or Grand Priest of their Law. This Fortress, which is on the top of a Moun∣tain, is fortified by several great square Towers without its Circumference, upon the Ground where Besiegers might have lodged themselves, are built several Redoubts, whereof some are joyned by a Wall in the middle of the Place; and that the Enemy might not annoy it from a neighbouring Moun∣tain, the Top of that is also fortified by square Towers, whose Angles set out towards the Fields, as the flanked An∣gles of our Bastions: But to strengten this Post yet more, its Rampart is stretched unto that of the Castle; and that the Besiegers should not easily gain the Foot of these two Mountains, where they are accessible, there is built a Wall flanked at certain Distances by great square Towers. Kirker.
• Bievre, called also the River of the Gobelins and Gentilli, a small River of France, which dischargeth it self into the Seine, near the Gate of St. Bernard at Paris. It takes its rise above a Village name Bievre, three Leagues from Paris, and is famous, because of its Waters, which are excellent to dye Scarlet.
• * Biglesworth, or Bigleswade, a Market Town of Biglesworth Hundred, in the East Parts of Bedforshire. It stands on the East side of the Issel, over which it hath a Stone Bridge, distant about six Miles from Bedford to the East∣ward.
• Bigorre, a Country of France in Gascony, with the Title of County. It hath on the East the Valley of Aure, the Vicounty of Neboussan, River Verdun, and Pardiac: Bearn on the West; on the South, the Valleys of Brotou and Penti∣couse, otherwise de Tena in Aragon; and on the North, the Country of Riviere-basse, incorporated with Armagnac. Its length, to take it from the heighth of the Mountains, is ten Leagues from the South to the North; its Breadth three Leagues from the East to the West. It is divided into three Parts, the Mountains, the Plain, and Rustan. The Moun∣tains are inclosed betwixt those of the Valley of Aure to the East, those of Aragon on the South, and those of Bearn on the West. This space contains two principal Valleys, La∣vedan and Barege. The Plain of Bigorre is an Oval, that begins to open it self at the Town of Baigneres on one side, and near that of Lourde on the other to that of Vic-Bigorre, and a little lower. It hath five Leagues in length, and a∣bout one in breadth. On the East of the Hills is that Part which is called le Rustan, along the River of Arros. Tarbe is the Capital of the County of Bigorre. This Country is that of the ancient Bigerri or Bigerrones, of whom Caesar, Plinius, Ausonius and Sidonius Apollinaris speak. The Mountains serve for Barriers betwixt France and Spain. There are four difficult Passages, which the Inhabitants are obliged to keep, to wit, Azun, Cauteres, Barege and Campan, which also en∣ters into the Land of Aure. Bigorre affordeth Marble, Jas∣per, Slate, and the Mountains have divers Mines of Silver, Brass, Lead and Iron; but they are not wrought. Bigorre was, together with Aquitain, subdued by the Romans, and by the French Kings of the first Race. It had since particu∣lar Lords of its own; but Henry IV. united it to the Crown of France. A stout Man of this Country, called Enecuus, founded the Kingdom of Navarre, expelled the Moors, and left the Crown to his Successors. The Inhabitants were for∣merly called Pelliti Bigerri, because th••y wore Skins to de∣fend them against the Cold; they are also noted for a kind of Turban on their Heads, and stript or Party coloured Gar∣ments, which were from them called Bigerra.
• Bilbo, a City of Spain, Capital of Biscaia. This is com∣monly esteemed to be the Flaviobriga of Ptolomy. It is situ∣ate upon the River Nervio, called in times past Ibaicaval, within two Leagues of the Sea, and rendred considerable by its bigness and Traffick, which draweth Merchants from all Parts thither. It is very well built, and seated in a fertile Territory, where the Air is excellent. They pretend that it was re-established in 1298. It is 13 Miles from St. An∣drew to the North East, and 24 from Bagonne to the South.
• Bilbiles, an ancient City of the Celtiberians, in that Part of Spain called Tarraconensis upon the Xalon. It was famous for excellent Iron, and its being the Country of the Poet Martial. Villeneuve believes that Bilbilis is now Calatagud, and Varrerius that it is Xiloca. Bilbilis also, according to Justin, is the Name of a River of the said Country, the Wa∣ter of which hath a marvelous Vertue for hardning Iron. This River is now called, according to some, Rio Baubula, and looseth its Name in the Xalon.
• Biledulgerid, a great Country of Africa, thought to con∣tain part of that which was inhabited by the ancient Getuli∣ans. Its Name signifies a Land fertile in Dates, Fruit much esteemed in that Country, because the Inhabitants Traffick in it. Its extends from East to West, from Egypt unto the Ocean, but it is not very large. It hath Barbary on the North, and the Desart of Zaara on the South. Here are al∣so some Mahometan Kings, whose Power is much limited. Tarudante upon the Ocean, is the most considerable City of Biledulgerid. It is divided into Susa, Dura, Segelnesse, Tafile∣ta, Togorarin, Zeb, Biledulgerid, properly so called, Fessen, the Desart of Barca, &c. Mout Atlas advanceth several of its Branches into Biledulgerid. The Cape of Non upon the Ocean, was for along time the furthest Part to which the Portuguese did Sail, who called it thus, because they went no further Southerly. The Arabians are powerful enough in this Country, and are retained in the Pay of the Kings, as the Switzers in Europe. It's said that they hunt after Ostriches, eat their Flesh, sell their Feathers, and tan their Skins to make a kind of Port-Mantle for their Cloaths; useing also their Heart for Witchcrafts, their Grease for Medicins, and they make Ear-rings of their Tallons. Jean. de Leon. deser. Afr. Mariana. * The Capital of Biledulgerid lies 500 Miles South West of Tunis, and somewat more South East of Algiers. The People are Rude, Ignorant, and Lawless, Jealous of their Women to Excess, and never marry a Whore; they are exceeding Fond of their Wives, who use Paint, the more to engage their Husbands. They are poor and meanly Clad, dwell in Tents covered with hair Cloth and the Boughs of Dates, and endure Hunger to Admiration. The Country is generally Sandy, and in some Places affords no Water for 6 or 7 Days Journey. The Moors began the Conquest of this Country about 700.
• Bilefeld, an Hause Town of Germany in Westphalia. It lies amongst the Mountains towards Munster, in the County of Ravensberg, with a Handsome Castle.
• Bilschilde, first Wife to Theodebertus, Second King of Au∣strasia: She was a young Slave, very Comely, which Bre∣mehaut bought at Metz, and Married to Theodebert, who had two Sons and one Daughter by her: But this Prince having observed some Fault in the Conduct of Bilichilde, caused her to be killed in 609.
• Bille, in Latin Billena, a River of Germany, which hath its Source in the Province of Wageren. It separates Ho••stein from Lower Saxony, and discharges it self into the Elbe at Hamburgh.
• * Billerecay, a Market Town of Barnstable Hundred, in the South of Essex.
• * Billesden, a Market Town in Leicestershire, in Gartrey Hundred.
• * Billingham, a Market Town in Northumberland, in Tin∣dale Ward.
• Billom, a City of France in Auvergne, within five or six Leagues of Clermont, in a most fertile Country, which chiefly abounds in Vines. Divers sorts of Works and Manufactures are also made there.
• Bilson (Thomas) Bishop of Winchester, was born there, and liv'd in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I. He was bred in Winchester School, of which he afterwards became Master, and then Warden of the Colledge. In 1596 he was preferred to the Bishoprick of Worcester, and from thence translated next year to Winchester. He was a Man of great Learning, and his Works of the Perpetual Govern∣ment

• of Christ's Church, and of Christ's Descent into Hell are especially noted. King James had so great an Opinion of his Learning, that he committed unto him the last Care of the present Translation of the Bible. Bishop Bilson died in 1618, having continued above twenty years in his See of Winchester.
• * Binbrook, a Market Town in the North East of Lincoln∣shire, belonging to Washcroft Wapentake in Lindsey Division.
• Binburg, a little Town of Ulster, in the North of Ireland, and County of Tyrone, upon the Borders of Armagh, six Miles South of Dungannon.
• * Binchester, The Roman Benovum, now a small Place, is about a Mile from Aukland, in the Bishoprick of Durham; noted for the Roman Coins that have been there digged up.
• Bimini, an Island of Northern America one of the Lucaies, on the South of that of Bahama: Its Access is difficult, be∣cause of the Rocks and the Sea, which is extream rough. The Country is pretty pleasant, and abounds with handsome Women, which formerly drew a great many Men thither, and gave occasion to the Saying, that there was a Fountain of Waters there, which had the Vertue of making People Young.
• Binch, or Bins, Binchium, a City of the Low-Countreys in Hainault belonging to the King of France. It is situate upon a Branch of the River Haine, within 3 Leagues of Mons. It is an ancient and pleasant City, in a fertil Country, abounding in all manner of Game, and the Air is very good; for which reason Mary Queen of Hungary, Sister to the Em∣peror Charles V. built in it a very fine House, which the the French ruined in 1554, after the taking of Marienbourg and Dinant. It hath been since rebuilt, and called Marimont. The French are Masters of it since 1667, it being yielded unto them by the Second Article of the Peace of Aix la Chapelle. Since which they have repaired it, and added some Fortifications to it.
• Bingen, a Burrough upon the mouth of the River Nabe or Nave on the Rhine, betwixt Ments and Coblents. Fautus makes mention of it, as also Ammianus Marcellinus, and the Itinerary of Antoninus. This City was once Imperial. It has a Castle seated on a Hill, and stands 4 German miles from Mayence towards the West, and 2 from Greutznack to the N. near it in an Island in the Rhine is a Castle call'd Mauszthurn, wherein it's said that Hatto second Archbishop of Mayence was eaten alive by Rats; it's now almost wholly ruined.
• * Bingham, a Market Town in the County of Nottingham, Capital of its Hundred.
• Bini, (Severinus) a Doctor in Divinity, and Canon of Cologne, was born at Randelraidt, a small Burgh of Juliers. He taught Divinity a long time at Cologne, where he was Canon of our Lady's Church, then of S. Gereon, and after∣wards of the Cathedral in 1606. He published in 1606 in this City an Edition of the Councils in IV Tomes. But this Edition is not regarded, because Bini, though he had no skill in Criticks, often took the liberty to change what he understood not. Usher in his British Antiquities calls him Contaminator Conciliorum.
• Bion, a Philosopher born near the Borysthenes in Scythia, lived in 126 Olympiad, and 478 of Rome. He was at first Disciple to Crates, after that he became a Cynick, then he sided with Theodorus Sirnamed the Atheist, and lastly with Theo∣phrastus the Peripatetick. He had a particular Genius for Poetry and Musick, and delighted chiefly in Merry Words. He lived in the time of Antigonus sirnamed Gonatas King of Macedo∣nia, to whom he pleasantly told his Genealogy, saying, that he was Son to a Slave and a Debauched Woman, as Plutarch and Diogenes Laertius relate it. Bion was an Atheist, presump∣tuous, and fill'd with a good conceit of himself, and went from Town to Town to get his fine Wit to be admired, and divert himself there. They say, that falling into a dangerous Sickness, he acknowledged his Crimes, and begged forgive∣ness of the Gods for the same. King Antigonus at that time sent two Men to attend him. His Disswasive against Mar∣riage was, That an ill favour'd Woman grieved the Heart, and a fair one the Head. A great Talker asking a kindness of him, If you will have me, said he, to grant it to you, take care to get one to speak for you, but come not your self Being at Sea with Pirats, they said that they were lost if they were known, and I also, answered he, if I am not known. Meeting with an envious Man very sad, One cannot tell, said he to those who followed him, whether evil hath happened unto him, or good unto others. Diogenes Laert. Plutarch.
• Bion, the Name of Ten great Men, of whom Diogenes Laertius speaketh. The first is the Philosopher; The Second Contemporary of Pherecydes of Sciros, was originally of Pro∣conese; The Third a Syracusan, who writ concerning Rhe∣toricks; The Fourth was of the Sect of Democritus, and a Mathematician of Abdera; He is the first who said that there were certain Regions, where day and night lasted 6 months; The Fifth was a Native of Solos, and hath written of Ethio∣pia; The Sixth was a Rhetorician, and composed Nine Books bearing the names of the Muses; The Seventh was a Lyrick Poet; The Eighth was a Carver of Miletum; The Ninth was a Tragick Poet, of the number of those called Tarsians; The Tenth was also a Carver of Clazomene or Chios. Clemens Alexand. Plutarque, Diogenes in Bio.
• Biopbio or Biobio, a River of Northern America in the Kingdom of Chili. It hath its Source in the Mountains of Andes called Cordillero de los Andes and Sierra Nevada, and dis∣charges it self into the Pacifick Sea, near the City of the Con∣ception, over-against the Isle of Aviquirina.
• Biorno, King of Swedeland, sent to Charlemaign for Learn∣ed and Zealous Ministers to Preach the Gospel in his King∣dom. This Emperor sent Hubert, and several Priests, who went thither about 813. Biorno seeing that the Faith was happily establishing amongst his People, sent new Ambassa∣dors to Charlemaign to crave a greater number of Preachers. But the death of this Emperor happening about that time, they made their Address to his Successor Lewis the Meek, who chose for the Conduct of this Mission Ansgare, a Monk of Corbie, who Preached the Gospel there in 826, and was after∣wards Bishop of Hambourg. Egynard. Baronius.
• Birague, (Rinatus) a Cardinal, was born at Milan, of a Family who had always taken part with France, whither he retired, to avoid the fury of Lewis Sforza. He died at Paris Novemb. 24. 1583, being 74 years of Age. He used to say of himself, that he was a Cardinal without Title, a Priest with∣out Benefice, and a Chancellor without Seals, for Charles IX. had made him Chancellor of France, An. 1573. and Henry III. discharg'd him An. 1578.
• Birger, King of Swedland, succeeded in 1282, to Mag∣nus II. his Father, under the Conduct of Turgel. He Go∣verned at first with much Wisdom, and added Carelia to his Empire. But having afterwards Married a Saxon Wife, by her Councel he used so much Violence against the Clergy and his other Subjects, that he was driven from his States, and Put in Prison. Yet part thereof was yielded unto him, upon condition that he would exercise his Violences no more. He forgot what he had promised, and would re-conquer his Dominions with the Help of Eric King of Denmark. Two of his Brothers opposing his Enterprize, he was worsted, and forced to be contented with a lesser Part than that which he had before: But continuing his extravagant Humours, he was made Prisoner, and dy'd about 1319, or, according to others, in 1326. He had put to Death Eric and Valdemare his Brothers; Mathias Chelelmont governed the Kingdom dur∣ing Birger's Imprisonment, to whom Magnus IV. called Smeik, succeeded.
• Birka, or Birkopin, Birka, a Town in Swedland, Capital of Ostro-Gothia. It hath been considerable in times past, but is now almost ruined.
• Birkenfeld, a small Town in Germany, in the Palatinate of the Rhine, with the Title of Principality, belonging to the Palatinate of Bavaria. It is in the small Country of Hunsruk, near the Nab, within five or six Leagues of the Ci∣ty of Treves.
• * Birmingham, a Market Town of H••mlingford Hundred, in the North West Borders of Warwickshire. 'Tis a large, well built, and populous Place, driving a great Trade in some sorts of Manufactures, particularly Iron, Steel and Wares.
• Biron, a small Town of France in Perigord, one of the an∣cient Baronies of the Country, which King Henry IV. erect∣ed into a Duchy in Favour of Charles of Gontaut. It hath now the Title of Marquisate, and it is situate on the Moun∣tains towards Querci.
• Biron, or Armand of Gontaut, Lord of Biron, Knight of the King's Order, and Marshal of France, signalized him∣self in the Reigns of Henry II. Francis II. Charles IX. Henry III. and Henry IV. His House is Noble and Ancient. After the fatal Death of Henry III. Biron was the first who declared for Henry the Great, by going over to this Monarch's Side, for whom he fought succesfully at the Battels of Arque, Ivry, and elsewhere, and brought part of Normandy under his Sub∣jection. He was killed with a Canon Shot at the Siege of Espernay in Champaign, Anno 1592, being 65 or 68 years old.
• Biron (Charles) of Gontaut, Duke of Biron, Peer, Admiral and Marshal of France, Governour of Burgundy and Bresse, was eldest Son to Armand de Gontaut above mentioned, and renowned for his Courage. He acquired much Reputation at the Battels of Arques in 1589, of Ivri in 1590, at the Sieges of Paris and Roan, and the Battel of Aumale in 1592, and elsewhere. King Henry the Great honoured him with his Favours, and in 1594, he made him Marshal of France, having already provided him with the Government of Bur∣gundy, where Biron took Beaune, Auxonne, Autun, &c. and was wounded at the Battel of Fontaine Francoise, in 1595. After that, he served, during the War against Spain, at the Sieges of Amiens, la Fere, and ravaged Artois, where he made the Marquiss of Varembon Prisoner. Afterwards he took the City of Bourg or Bresse, and being returned from England, whither his Majesty had sent him in Quality of Ambassador Extraordinary, Biron was erected into a Duchy and Peerage. But having lost the Charge of Admiral, and had had some other small Subjects of Discontent, he treated with the Duke of Savoy and the Spaniards, the King's Ene∣mies;

• and his Obstinacy was so great in denying his Fault to the King, who desired him three or four times to confess the same, with a gracious Promise of Pardon, that his Ma∣jesty put him into the Hands of Justice, though with much Sorrow. Being found Guilty of High Treason, he was Condemned to have his Head cut off, his Goods Confiscated, and the Duchy of Biron Extinguished. This Sentence was executed in the Court of the Bastille at Paris the 31st of July 1602, and his Body was buried in the Church of St. Paul. Davila Mont. Luc. de Thou.
• * Birs, Lat. Birsa, a River which hath its Source in Mount Jura, is of a very great use for carrying Vessels and Floats of Timber to Basil, and is chiefly noted for a stupendious Breed, and great Fishing of a sort of Sea-fish called Naso, a∣bout Easter. Hoffin.
• Bifance (Bizance) a City of Europe, upon the Bosphorus of Thracia. Suidas writes, that Pausanias, King of Sparta built it. Eusebius, in his Chronicle, thinks that Bizas was the Re∣storer, or the Founder of it about the 97 of Rome. The Empe∣ror Severus fortified it; it was chosen by Constantine the Great to be the Seat of the Empire of the East. See Constan∣tinople.
• Biscaye, which those of the Country name Viscaya, a Pro∣vince of Spain, betwixt the Ocean or the Sea of Biscaye: Oceanus Cantabricus on the North, the Asturies on the West, the Country of Guipuscoa on the East, and Old Castile on the South. Bilbao is its Capital City, the others are Orduna, St. Andero, Larcdo, Santillano, &c. Biscaye is very pleasing and fertile. It is the Country of the ancient Cantabri, which the Romans had so much Difficulty to subdue; they were so Industrious and indefatigable, that neither Labour, nor Hun∣ger, nor the Rigours of Seasons were capable to make them quit their Arms, and to render them Sloathful in conserving their Liberty. Yet Augustus subdued the Cantabri, and since that time they have had almost the same Destiny with the other People of Spain. * According to other Authors, Bis∣cay is but a Part of the Cantabri, an ancient and warlike People of Spain, for it included Santillana, Guipuscoa and Bis∣cay, and all that Country that lay between the Ocean and the River Ebro. Strabo saith, they were a Colony of the La∣cones, and they had much of their Temper; so that Augustus was not ashamed to become their Conqueror in Person, in the year of Rome 727, 22 years before the Birth of Christ; so that Horace might justly say of them, Bellicosus cantaber Sera domitus catena. It has the Title of a Principality, because heretofore it had Princes of its own. The first of which was Sorie, a Gentleman of the Royal Family of Scotland, who headed this People against the Moors in 870. It continued for 14 Descents in this Family till 1309, and by Marriages, to 1351, when Don Pedro, the Nero of Castile, by a strong Hand, subjected it to the Crown of Spain. Strabo Lib. 3. Pomponius Mela.
• Biscaye, or New Biscaye, Nova Biscaya, a Province of New Spain, in Northern America. It hath the New Kingdom of Mexico on the North, the Province of Panuco on the East, Za∣catecas on the South, and Culiacan on the West. It hath the Burroughs of S. John of S. Barbo, &c. with two Silver Mines. This Country is not far from Nombre de Dios, upon the Side of the River Panuco.
• Biserte, a City of Africk, in the Kingdom of Tunis, upon the Mediterranean Sea, betwixt Carthage and Tabarca, to∣wards the Bastion of France. It is not doubted but Biserte is the Utica of the Ancients; 'tis now become the Retreat of Pyrates. It was formerly a Place of great Strength and Note, and hath a Lake East of it 16 Miles long, which fall∣ing into the Sea, serves instead of a Haven; and on the West of it, runs the River Megadra; so that its Situation seems very convenient for Trade; but the Exactions of the Kings of Tunis and the Arabians reduced it to this pitiful Condition.
• * Bishops Castle, a Market and Borough Town of Purslaw, in the South West Parts of Shropshire. It sends two Members to Parliament.
• Bisnagar, a Kingdom of Asia in a Peninsula of India, on this side the Ganges. They say that it hath five other King∣doms which depend on it. It is betwixt those of Malabar, Decan, and Golconda, and hath Saphirs, Amethysts, and other precious Stones. It derives its Name from its Capital City called Bisnagar or Chandegri, and it is built upon a Mountain, on which is a Cittadel. The City is 4 Miles in Circuit, and is encompassed with many Walls. * In 1565, four Moorish Kings leagu'd against this City, and besieg'd it; but without effect, till it was betray'd unto their Hands, after which they plunder'd and burnt it with the adjacent Coun∣try; and in 6 Months time their King coming back, re∣pair'd it. The Circuit of the Walls is 24 Miles, but it is ill inhabited. Their King keeps his Court at Pennegonde, 6 days Journey from it, and is the greatest Court, says Hack∣luit, that ever he saw. Bernier Hist. G. Mogul. The Inhabi∣tants of this Country are Idolaters, and there are Pilgrims who resort to their Idols with their Hands bound, Ropes a∣bout their Necks, Knives sticking in their Arms and Legs, and if the Wounds made by them fester, they reckon them Holy. They give Gold, Silver and Jewls to maintain their Idols Temples, and the Women prostitute themselves for that same end; and all the Gifts are cast into a Lake to be kept for that purpose. This Idol is carried Annually in Pro∣cession, with Virgins and Musick going before. The Pil∣grims strive to be crush'd to Death under the Idol's Chariot, and such as happen to be so, their Bodies are burnt, and the Ashes kept as Holy. Some cut their Flesh in pieces, and stab themselves with Knives, in Honour of this Idol, and he reckons himself Blessed, that can but touch the Idol's Chari∣ot. Verlomannus, Fernandes.
• Bisnow, the Name of a Sect of Banjans, in the Indies. They call their God Ram-Ram, and give him a Wife. They adorn their Idols with golden Chains, Neck-laces of Pearls, and all sorts of Stones. They sing in their Agages or Moskeys, Hymns, in Honour of their Deities, mixing their Devotion with Dances, Drums, Flagelets, Brazen Basons, and other Instruments, upon which they play during their Prayers. This God hath no Lieutenants, as that of the Sect of Same∣rath; but he does all by himself. These Banjans do com∣monly live upon Herbs and Pulse, new Butter and Milk. Their best Dainties are the Atschia, which is composed of preserved Limons in Salt, with Ginger, Garlick, and Mus∣tard-seed. The Bisnow do all of them deal in Marchandizes, and they understand Trading very well. Their Wives are not burnt upon their Husbands Pile, as those of the Sect of Samarach, but remain always Widows.
• Bissextile, the Intercalary Day which is added every fourth Year, that the Civil Year may agree with the Course of the Sun. See Calendar and Year.
• Bissignano, a Town in Calabria Citerior, having the Title of a Principality and Bishoprick, which depends im∣mediately on the Holy See. It is built upon a Hill with a Castle, and at its Foot it hath the River of Cotili, which falls into the Crate. Bissagnano was in the Country of the Brutians, and Livius hath mentioned it. The Latin Authors do name it diversly, Besidiae, Dedisiae, Besidianum and Bisinia∣num. It is not very Populous, 'tis situated betwixt the Sea of Toscany and Rossano, towards the Gulph of Tarentum.
• * Bithia, Scythian Women, who according to Pliny, had two Apples in each Eye, which had such natural Strengh, that they bewitched with the very Sight, and killed any liv∣ing Creature if they looked long upon it.
• Bithynia, a Province of Lesser Asia, containing the City of Nice, famous by two General Councils; Chalcedonia, also famous by a General Council; Heraclea, Apamea, Burse, which at present is the most considerable, &c. This Coun∣try is now in Natolia, about the Black Sea, or Pontus Euxinus, and Archipelago. It hath had in times past, very potent Kings; but the Successions are uncertain and interrupted. For the Story of those Princes are known but since the Death of Alexander the Great to Nicomedes IV, which is about 230 years. This latter had a great share in the Favours of Julius Caesar, and dying without Issue, in 679 of Rome, 25 before the Birth of Christ, he left the Romans Heirs to his E∣states.
• Bituitus, King of the Auvergnats, lived 1225 years be∣fore Christ. He was so potent, that he raised 200000 Men to fight the Romans, commanded by Fabius Maximus; but was defeated entirely near the River Isere, in Dauphine, and carried Prisoner to Rome, with his Son Congentiat, in the 633 year of Rome, and the 4th of the CLXIV. Olympiad, 121 years before the Birth of Christ, Florus Valerus Maximus.
• Bizacene, or Province of Bizacene, an ancient Country of Africk, pretty well known by the ancient Authors, and chiefly by Strabo, Ptolomy, &c. It is now in the Kingdom of Tunis. The City of Bizacene had a Bishoprick Suffragant of Carthage. This Country is about the City of Mammome∣tha, or Machomette, which is the Adrumetum of the Ancients. There have been 4 Councils in this Province: The first was assembled in 522, according to Baronius, in Favour of the Bishops, who had been banished, and were recalled to their Sees after the Death of Thrasimond, King of the Vandals. Dacian the Metropolitan, celebrated the second in 541 about Discipline. The Emperor Justinian writ to him, that he was the Tutor and Revenger of the Canons, and that he would give Order that the Decrees of this Synod should be put in Execution. There was held another Synod in 602, upon the account of Clement, Primate of that Province, which may be seen in the Tenth Book of the Epistles of Gre∣gory the Great. The last, wherein Stephen presided, was held in 646 by 42 Prelates against the Monothelites. Gregorie Ba∣ronius.
• Bizes, Governour of the People of the Isle of Naxos; he had almost a Soverain Authority; but did not take the Ti∣tle of King no more than Democritus his Predecessor. They say he invented the way of Sawing and Polishing Marble. Pausanias in Eliacis.
• * Blacader, the Name of a Barony in Scotland, in the Shire of Barwick, which gave Sirname to an ancient Knighly Family, the Heiress whereof Married a Gentleman of the Sirname of Hume, whose Posterity now enjoys it, and were made Knights and Baronets by King Charles II. 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• tary to Pope Eugenius IV. and some other Pontiffs; and he hath rendered his Name Famous to Posterity by his Works, which testifie that he was an exact and inquisitive Writer, though his Style smells of the Barbarity which Men begun to banish in his Age. The Pieces which we have of his, are, Romae Triumphantis, Lib. x. which he Dedicated to Pope Pius II. Romae Instauratae, Lib. III. which he dedicated to Euge∣nius IV. Italiae Illustratae Lib. VIII. Historiarum Romanarum Decades L. III. Et de Origine & Gestis Venetorum. Leander Al∣berti saith, that Flavius Blondus had five Sons, all Learned Men. He lived as a Philosopher, without troubling him∣self to acquire great Riches; and he died at Rome the 4th of June, in the year 1463, being 75 years of Age. Paul Jove, Bellarmin, Merula, Vossius.

• Bloniez, a Town of great Poland, upon the Frontiers of Mazovia, within seven or eight Miles of Warsovia. It is large and very populous; but the Houses are all of Wood.
• * Blundell (Sir Francis) of Edenderry, in the King's Coun∣ty, and Kingdom of Ireland, Barronet; by Patent, the 14th of October, in the 18th of King James the First, granted to his Grand-Father, Sir Francis Blundell, then Vice-Treasurer of that Kingdom, who Married Joyce Serjant of Denbon, in Buckinghamshire, and had by her Sir George Blundell, who Married Sarah Cooly, alias Colly, sole Daughter and Heiress of Sir William Cooly, alias Colly, of Edenderry aforesaid, and had by her the present Sir Francis, who was first Married to Ursula Davys, Daughter of Sir Paul Davys of Ireland, and is now Mar∣ried to Ann Ingoldesby, sole Daughter to Sir Henry Ingoldesby of Buckinghamshire, Barronet, and has by her now living, two Sons and one Daughter, viz. William and Mountague, and Ann Blundell.

• Bobadilla, (Nicholas) a Spaniard, one of the first nine Companions of Ignatius Loyola; had a quick Wit, a firy, open, and bold Humor, and a great Zeal for the Roman Faith. Being at the Court of the Emperor Charles V. in 1548, and seeing himself beloved of most of the German Princes, he inveighed against the Interim, and with so much Noise, that Charles V. commanded that he should be sent back into Italy, yet giving him all that was necessary for its Journey. He returned with Joy, saith Orlandin, thinking he should be welcomed at the Court of Rome; but he found himself deceived, when he saw that Ignatius, at his Arrival, would not receive him into his House. As he had great Acquaintance- at the Pope's Court, he knew very well the Counsel that Cardinal Moroneus, and some Bishops of the Council had given to the Pope, not to complain of the Inte∣rim. In effect, we do not find that this wise Pontif disap∣proved the severe Treatment of Ignatius towards this Spanish Father, whose Zeal was somewhat undiscreet. Maimbourg History of the Lutheranism.
• Bobio, Bobbio and Bobi, Bobium, a Town of Italy in the Duchy of Milan, with a Bishoprick Suffragan to Genoa. It is situated on the River Trabia. There is an old Abbey, founded by St Colomban, and it was this Abbey which gave a beginning to the City, which belonged to the House of Ma∣lespine, to that of Vermi, and some others.
• Bocaccio (John) of Certalde, a City of Tuscany, lived in the Fourteenth Century, and was Disciple to Petrark. In an Age that Men began to relish Learning, he Culti∣vated them advantagiously, and his Books are a Proof of it. He composed a Work of the Genealogy of the Gods, which he dedicated to Hugh, King of Jerusalem and Cyprus. One of the Rivers, Mountains, and Lakes. An Abridgment of the Roman History of Great Men: Of Illustrious Women: Of the Wars of the Emperors: Of the Florentins: Of the Taking of Jerusalem, and several others, amongst which, there are his Novels. Bocaccio died in 1376, being 62 years of Age. Paul Jove, Vossius.
• Boccalini (Trajano) was esteemed at the beginning of this Age, under the Pontificate of Paul V. He was a Roman, Son to an Architect, who had not Means enough to forward him in his Studies; He rais'd himself however by his Wit. His Inclination lead him naturally to Satyr, at which he had no ill success, he thought it would be the means to get the esteem of the World. Yet the profession was dangerous, and the Destiny of Franco who was hanged at Rome, should have deterred him. But the good Reception which some of his Pieces had, that he communicated in Manuscript to his Friends, perswaded him so much of his own Worth, that nothing was capable to make him take another Course. He was received with delight in the Academies of Italy, and Societies of the Learned, where he was admired for his Dis∣courses of Policy, and his shrew'd and delicate Criticks. The Cardinals Borghese and Gaetan declared themselves his Protectors, and serv'd him in many occasions; so that he seemed to have nothing more to fear either from Men or For∣tune. Boccalini then published his Ragguagli di Parnaso, and Secretaria di Apollo, which is a Continuation of it. These Works were received with extraordinary applause, and this Success inspir'd him with a desire of pushing on his Satirical Reflections. He Printed his Pietra di Paragone, and disco∣ver'd somewhat too boldly of the Spaniards designs on the Liberty of Italy, and inveighed too sharply against their Tyranny in the Kingdom of Naples and elsewhere. The Spaniards made their Complaints, and resolved to be revenged on him. Boccalini was frighted, and retired to Venice, where he soon got Illustrious Friends. He was about his Political Discourses upon Tacitus, when he was murthered in the most surprizing manner that can be. He lodged with one of his Friends, who being gone out early in the morning, left him in Bed. A minute after Four Armed Men entered his Chamber, and gave him so many Blows with Bags full of Sand, that they left him for dead. So that his Friend re∣turning some time after, found him in so miserable a condi∣tion that he could not utter one word. The Murderers con∣ceal'd themselves so well, that what diligence soever was used at Venice, they could never be discovered, though the malice of those who had set them at work was not doubted of. Loranzo Crasso, Cornelius Tollius.
• Bocchus, King of Mauritania, Father to Volux. He joined with Jugurtha his Son-in-Law, against the Romans, and was twice overcome by Marius in 646 and 47 of Rome. And af∣terwards to make his Peace with the Romans, he delivered Ju∣gurtha to Scylla who was Treasurer in the Army of Marius, and had part of his Kingdom left him as a Price of this Treachery. Florus Velleius.
• Bochara or Bockora, Buchara, a Town of Asia, in Zacha∣tay or Maurenaher part of Tartary. It is near the River Albia∣mu, which is the Oxus of the Ancients, and therefore call'd Trans Oxiana Regio by the Romans, about 50 Leagues from Samarcand. Bochara was the Birth-place of Avicenna the Phi∣losopher, and is a Town of great Trade; it lies low, is en∣compass'd with a high Wall of Earth, most of the private Houses are also of Earth, but the Temples and some of the Publick Buildings are Stone; a small River runs through the middle, but its Waters are not wholesome. This City and adjacent Country were formerly under the Persians, but being possess'd by a Tartar Prince in 1558, they made cruel Wars upon the Persians, because of their wearing Hair on their Upper Lip, which the Tartars count a great Sin. The Kings are generally Poor and Tyrannical, and seldom Reign above 2 or 3 years, being either expell'd or kill'd; it was formerly much frequented by Caravans from India, Persia, Russia, and Calhia, from which last it is 9 months Journey, and 20 days Journey from Vercem. Lat. 39. 10.
• Bochart, (Samuel) a Protestant Minister of Caen, was Native of Roan, and descended from the Illustrious Family of Bochart de Champigny, and of the Branch of Menillet. He studied Divinity, but his inclination leading him to other Studies besides, he not only read all the Greek and Latin Poets, and the Holy Fathers, but also learn'd most of the Oriental Tongues. His Worth procured him the esteem not only of those of his Communion, but of those also who regarded Learning and Probity. The Queen of Sueden engaged him in 1652, to make a Journey to Stockholm, where she gave publick Marks of the Esteem she had for his Learning. At his return into France in 1653, he continued his ordinary Exercises, and was of the Academy of Caen, which then was composed of great Men. He died suddenly, whilst he was speaking in the same Academy, on Monday, May 6. 1667, which gave Mr. de Brieux occasion to make this fine Epitaph upon him.

  Scilicet haec cuique est data sors aequissima, talis Ut sit mors, qualis vita peracta fuit. Musarum in gremio teneris qui vixit ab annis, Musarum in gremio debuit ille mori.

• He was rich, and left an Estate to his only Daughter, who was Married to a Counsellor of the Parliament of Rouen. The considerablest Works which he published during his Life, are the Phaleg or Sacred Geography; and the Hierozoi∣con or De animalibus Scripturae. He writ also a Treatise of Minerals, Plants, and Precious Stones, whereof the Bible makes mention, another of the Terestrial Paradise, Com∣mentaries upon Genesis, and a Volume of Dissertations. It were to be wished that those who have those Fragments would publish them.
• Bodin (John) a Lawyer of Angiers, was in great esteem in the 16th Age. He had so particular a knowledge in Hi∣story, that he would answer immediately to any difficulties proposed to him. He died about 1585 very poor, for which reason that his Name was thus turned by an Anagram, Jo∣annes Bodinus, Audius sine bono. He hath left divers Works, viz. the Republick in 6 Books, a Method for the Knowledge of History, several Commentaries, as that upon the Treatise of Hunting of Oppian, &c.
• * Bodegrave, a Town in Holland upon the Rhine, 3 Leagues from Utrecht, remarkable for a Battle fought here betwixt the French and Dutch in 1672.
• * Bodmin, a Market and Burrough Town of Trugg Hun∣dred in the North East parts of Cornwal. It is seated on the River Alan, was formerly a Bishops See, and send two Bur∣gesses to Parliament. It is 195 miles from London.
• * Bodon, a Town of Servia subject to the Turks, it stands on the Danube, 26 miles West of Weiden.
• * Bodroch, a City of Upper-Hungary seated on the Danube, it was formerly the Capital of an Earldom; it is in the pos∣session

• of the Imperialists since the Conquest of Buda and Se∣gedin in 1686, lies 7 German miles South of the latter, 16 East of the former, and 4 miles North of Esseck.
• * Bodley, (Sir Thomas) was born at Exeter in Devonshire, March 2. 1544. of Worshipful Parents, who being Prote∣stants retir'd out of England in Q. Mary's Reign, and fix'd their abode in Geneva, where Sir Thomas then 12 years old became Auditor of Chevallerius in Hebrew, of Beroaldus in Greek, of Calvin and Beza in Divinity, and had Domestick Teachers besides in the House of Philibertus Saracenus, a fa∣mous Physician where he Boarded; Here he continued until his Father returning to England in the first of Q. Elizabeth, he came to Oxford, took the Degree of Batchelor of Arts in 1563, and was that year chosen Probationer of Merton-Colledge, and the next year admitted Fellow. In 1565 he undertook a publick Reading of a Greek Lecture in the same Colledge-Hall. In 1566 he proceeded Master of Arts, and was chosen Praetor in 1569, and for some time supplied the Office of University Orator, bestowing his time on several Studies, until a desire of Learning the Modern Languages made him Travel beyond Seas. At his return in 1585 the Queen employed him as Resident to the King of Denmark and German Princes, and then to Henry III. King of France, and in 88 sent him to reside at the Hague to be present at the Council of the State, according to the Agreement made be∣tween her and the Dutch. He discharged this Office so well, that the Queen design'd him to Places of greater Honour, when he withdrew himself from State Business to the Uni∣versity of Oxford, and though call'd upon both by the Queen and King James to serve as Ambassador in France, and in other Court Imployments, he always declin'd them, and ap∣plied himself to the forming of the Library there, since called the Bodleian Library, and with no small Charge, Care, and Curiosity, furnish'd it with the Choicest of Books in all Faculties from all parts, to his Immortal Honour, and the unspeakable Advantage of the Commonwealth of Learn∣ing. In memory of which the Earl of Dorset, when Chan∣cellor of that University, erected him a Noble Monument, with an Honourable Inscription. Cambd. Brit. &c.
• Boedromia Feasts which the Athenians celebrated, in re∣membrance of the Succor that Ion Son to Xuthus gave them, in their War with Eumolpus Son to Neptune, in the time of King Erechtheus. Some say that this Name came from a Greek word, which signifies to run with eagerness, or in crying out, (from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Clamour, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Race) or to run to the help of, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to succour, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to run; because Ion run in haste, to succour the Athenians. Other believe that this Feast was instituted in Honour of Theseus, because he had conquered the Amazones, in the Month of June, which they called Boedromian. Suidas, Pausanias, Plutarch.
• Boemond, Prince of Antioch, and formerly Prince of Ta∣rentum, and Son to Robert Guichard of Apulia. He passed with the French Lords into the Holy Land, where he signa∣lized himself at the taking of the City of Antioch, which was besieged from the 21st of October 1097, unto the 3d of June 98, and he received it for his share. After which he main∣tained many Wars against the Saracens and the Greeks; and came into France to Marry Constantia Daughter to King Phi∣lip I. and Bertha of Holland. This happened in 1106. And he died in Apr. 1111. He was buried at Canosa in Apulia. William of Tyr.
• * Boetia, now Stramalipa, an ancient Province of Greece, famous for Helicon and Aganippe, and being the Birth-place of Plutarch, Epamminonas, and Pausanias. It is Watered by the Rivers Asopus and Cephisus, and bore a considerable share in the former Wars of Greece; The Country was Populous and fruitful, and had many great Cities; The Inhabitants were duller then those of Attica, but very stout in time of danger.
• * Boethius Hector, a Scotsman, and famous Historian of that Kingdom, he was Contemporary with Erasmus, and Stu∣died with him at Paris. He writ the History of Scotland in the time of the Emperor Charles V. he published several other Treatises, as one of the Bishops of Aberdeen, &c. His History was continued by Ferrier a Piemontese, and Paulus Jovius and Dempster wrote his Elogium. Humphrey Lloyd treats him rudely in his Description of England, but Dempster de∣fends him, and he is mentioned Honourably by Leland, Le Mire, Vossius, Simler, Bellarmin, and Buchanan.
• Boetius (Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus) descended from the ancient Families of the Anicii and Torquati, lived towards the end of the 5th and 6th Age. He was Educated from his Infancy in all manner of Sciences, wherein he be∣came so able, that none could surpass him. He was Consul in 510, and was made principal Minister of State by Theo∣deric King of the Goths. Cassiodorus relates, that this Prince commends Boetius in a Letter which he writ him, for enrich∣ing himself at Athens with the Spoils of Greece, and for having made the Books of Pythagoras the Musician, of Pto∣lomeus the Astronomer, of Nichomachus the Arithmetician, of Euclid, Plato, Aristotle, and Archimedes, known in Italy, by Translations as good as the Originals. Boetius chiefly ap∣plied himself to the Doctrine of Aristotle, and afterwards the same Theoderic, upon a suspicion conceived against the Senat, of some intelligence with Justin the Emperor, caused Boe∣tius to be arrested with his Father-in-Law Symmachus, as the most powerful of this Body. Boetius was conducted to Pa∣via, where after 6 months imprisonment he had his Head cut off the 23d of October 524. He composed during his Imprisonment the Five Books of the Consolation of Philo∣sophy. Several other Philosophical Works are ascribed to him. Henricus Laricius Glarcanus of Basle recollected in the last Age all his Works, and Printed them in 1546. Vossius, Gesner, Le Mire.
• * Boga, a Mountain of Aegypt abounding with Mines of Gold and Silver. This and the adjacent Country are inha∣bited by a sort of Greek Christians, a wandering and unsettled People who make Incursions sometimes as far as Nubia Nu∣biensii.
• Bogislas or Boguslas, the youngest of the Sons of Mist••van King of the Vandals, and Brother to Udo, from whom are descended the Princes of Meckelbourg, he left a Son named Suantibar, who was overcome by Bela King of Hungary, as∣sisted with the Forces of Micislas King of Poland. This de∣feat would have been advantageous unto him, if he had per∣sisted in the profession of Christianity which he then em∣braced; but having recovered his liberty, he returnd to Hea∣thenism, and could not endure to hear Christ spoken of. He left four Sons, Wartislas, Ratibor, Suantopulcus, and Bogislas, who divided Pomerania amongst them. The hithermost part which is on this side the Oder, fell to the two first, and the furthermost to the two others. Spener.
• Bogislas I. after the death of Suantopulcus his Brother, (whom Boleslas King of Poland had taken Prisoner in Battle) reigned alone on the other side the Oder, where the Inhabi∣tants still retained the Language and Manners of the ancient Henetes, and had nothing common with that of the People on this side the River, who followed the Customs of the Germans. It is from him that the Dukes of that part of Po∣merania are descended, who always had some jars with the Danes, Prussians, and Polanders. He left a Son named Subislas, who is said to have founded the famous Abbey of Oliva in 1180, within a League of Dantzick; others add, that he likewise laid the foundations of this City. This Branch be∣ing extinct in Mistevan, An. 1295. the Polanders claim'd the succession, which the Dukes of Pomerania disputed with them, whence arose several Wars.
• Bogislas V. Son to Uratislas IV. of the name, founded the Line of the Dukes of the Eastern Pomerania. He was Son in Law to Casimir King of Poland, and Father in Law to the Emperor Charles IV. He and his Brother Barmine acquired the County of Gutskou, after the death of John the last Earl without Issue, and obtained also some Land which belong'd to the House of Brandenbourg.
• Bogislas IX. Duke of Pomerania, having despised the De∣cree of the Council of Constance, ordering the Restitution of the Church Lands, which the Duke his Father had taken to himself, was Excommunicated by the Pope, together with those of Stralsond, who had burned 3 Priests, accused of having been the Authors of a great Sedition. He died in 1448, leaving but one Daughter named Sophia, who was Married to Eric II. her Cousin in 1459.
• Bogislas X. called the Great, eldest Son to Eric II. Duke of the Western Pomerania, possessed all Pomerania alone. One Langius a simple Peasant, gave him good Counsel, by which this Prince found much advantage. Having refused to ren∣der Homage to Albert Elector of Brandenburgh, the latter de∣clared War against him, but the Difference was adjusted by his Marriage with Margaret, Daughter to the Elector Frede∣rick II. After which he reconcil'd those of Meckelbourg with the Confederate Cities; and made the Voyage of Palestine, where he suffered much. At his return he found great alte∣ration in Religion, Luther having begun to Preach against the Pope. He died in 1523, and left by Anne of Poland his second Wife, George Prince of Volgast, and Barnime the Tenth, Prince of Stetin.
• Bogistas XIV. the last of this House, who possessed all Po∣merania, was forced in 1627 to receive in his Country the Imperial Troops, which in three years time consumed ten millions, and committed all imaginable Disorders. In 1630 the King of Sueden entring Pomerania, forced the City Stetin to receive him; and obliged the Emperor to withdraw his Troops out of the Country. Bogislas had no Children by his Wife Elizabeth, and so the Family expired in him, An. 1637. Anne his Sister, Widow to Ernest Duke of Croy, lived to the year 1660, and after her death the Country was divided be∣tween the King of Sueden and the Elector of Brandenbourg. Spener.
• Bogoris, King of the Bulgarians, who made Peace with Theophilus Emperor of Constantinople, but seeing that after his death in 841, the Empire was in the hands of Theodora, he declared War against her, in hopes of an easie Victory over a Woman. But this generous Princess commanded the En∣voys to tell their Master, that he should find her at the Head of her Army, with her Arms in her Hand, to punish him for having basely violated the Peace. Bogoris surprised at this 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• Boi••••res, is also the name which is given to the Nobles of ••••••••slva••••a, who are Relations, or Allied to the Illustrious ••••mily of the ancient Va••v••ds, and are often chosen for Princes of this Country. This name signifieth Lord. R••cau•• of the O••••••man Empire.
• B••i••••s, Lat. ••o••••, the name given first to the ancient In∣habitants of the C••l••••ch Gaul, who were very famous in Caesar'•• time, and inhabited the Country which now make part of ••••••rgn••, and Bouth••••••••. 2 To another People of Germany, originally Ga••ls, acco••ding to Tacitus, who as Ca••sar saith, having passed the Rh••••••, retired into Vindel••cia. They w••re afterwards nam••d Lo••••••••es, according to Cla••••••; and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 present C••untry is Bavar••a. 3. Another People of 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••at is on this side of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, in ancient Italy, wher•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 no•• the Duchies of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and M••dena.
• 〈…〉〈…〉 Sirname ••f a Family which had great powe•• in S•••• l••nd, in the R•••••••• 〈…〉〈…〉 th•• 3d. Robert the chief 〈…〉〈…〉 ••amily, 〈…〉〈…〉 ••amed Alexan••••••, who was a•••• in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to i••st•••••• that King in Military Aff••irs and 〈…〉〈…〉 ••imself and his Fa••ily to be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Prince'•• chief Mi∣••i••••r 〈…〉〈…〉 him 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ithdraw ••rom 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Garden••, and 〈…〉〈…〉, upon which they 〈…〉〈…〉 wh••ch being ill re∣••••n•••••• 〈…〉〈…〉 fo••ce 〈…〉〈…〉 the King's ••a•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••ittl•• 〈…〉〈…〉 w•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••gun•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••••••ing 〈…〉〈…〉 〈…〉〈…〉 to ••••e King 〈…〉〈…〉 greatest ••••••ght 〈…〉〈…〉 object 〈…〉〈…〉 so, the K ••n •••••••• wh•• 〈…〉〈…〉 c••••••••nity 〈…〉〈…〉 hi•• 〈…〉〈…〉 roat•••••••• 〈…〉〈…〉, di•• 〈…〉〈…〉 〈…〉〈…〉 a•• him 〈…〉〈…〉 be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 w••••••ing 〈…〉〈…〉 〈…〉〈…〉 The 〈…〉〈…〉 Sirn•••••• ••a∣cha••••••.
• 〈…〉〈…〉, which has 〈…〉〈…〉.
• ...Bo••••••••, 〈…〉〈…〉 Co••n••••, 〈…〉〈…〉 ••n th•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 Ch••ist ••••avi•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 he 〈…〉〈…〉 C•• ••p, 〈…〉〈…〉 igo•••••••• that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 R••m•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 enter, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ith•••• the 〈…〉〈…〉 the ot••er 〈…〉〈…〉 V••••tor 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••nd an•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉, A ••i••••••, 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••••gu•••••• 〈…〉〈…〉 of those wh•• carri••d 〈…〉〈…〉 them among the G••••••••. th•••• ••ng••∣ging 〈…〉〈…〉 to ••ave ••hei•• ••••¦nour, 〈…〉〈…〉 the 〈…〉〈…〉 th•• other sid•• the C••mp¦en en••er•••• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••ste 〈◊〉〈◊〉 G••••••, and out 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pi••ce•• all whom they 〈…〉〈…〉, ••ini••s and ••••••••p••oni•••• were killed in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ra••coun••••••. ••••v••rtheless the Consul ha∣ving sent ••ru••h Tr••••p thirh••••, th•• 〈…〉〈…〉 forced to r••∣tire 〈…〉〈…〉.
• ...Bois••••••••, 〈…〉〈…〉 Bo••ough of 〈…〉〈…〉, in B••••••, with the Ti••le of a Principality, belonging to the House of B••th••n••-Sulli, h••••e is a very fine Castle betwixt ••o••••••∣ges and 〈…〉〈…〉.
• Bois-d••-〈◊〉〈◊〉, o•• Bois-d••-Ga••••••••, 〈…〉〈…〉 betwixt 〈…〉〈…〉 and Pon••••••••••, upon ••he Bank of the Scire, so ca••led, b••¦cause th••y say that the famous Ga••••••••, laid several 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••ad•••• ther•• for Cha••••ren 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Captains 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is obse••ved that th••r•• is a pla•••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this Forest, whose wood imme••i••••ely sin••s to the bottom of the Water, although all the rest doth ••loat vpon the top. ••••••irew d•• Ches••••••.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉-Inn Bold••••, or Bos••••-duc, Boscum-Duc••••, Sylva-D••••••, B••l••••••••um, and in D••••••ch, •• r••o••••••los••h••, a City of Bra¦•••••• in the Low-Countr••es, situated upon the River Dom••l, which there ••ec••ives the A••••le, and afterward the D••es••, and dis••harges i•• self about two Leagues from thence, into the M••use, at the place where it formeth the Isle of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Boil∣le-duc 〈◊〉〈◊〉 built in a Plain, where the••e wa•• a Hunting-Forest be∣longing to the Duk•••• of B••abant: But Duke H••n••y going to oppose the inc••rsion ••hich ••h••se of Guelderland made into his Countr••, caused ••his Wood to be cut down in ••172. where the foundations of this City were laid, which Duke Jeffrey finished in 1184. This City is naturally strong, as well by it•• situation, being environed with Rivers and Mea∣dovis covered with Water, as by its Fortifications. Its Ditches are filled with the Waters of the said Rivers, which enter into the City by divers Chanels, very commodious to the Inhabitants. They are almost all Soldiers, tho' they do not neglect Trade; which occasioneth this saying, That the Inhabitants of Sois-le-duc are Warlike M••rchants. The City is large, fair, well built and very populous. The Cathedral Church of St. John is one of the most magnificent of the Low-Countries, with a very fine Clock. The Market-place is in∣vironed with fine buildings, where 10 of the greatest Streets do end. The Hollander, became at last Masters of it in 1629. by the Valour and Conduct of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. We have a particular History of this Siege, writ∣ten by Peter Barri This Town is 20 miles E. of Breda, 43 N. E. of Antwerp, 50 S. of Amsterdam. Guichardin descrip. du Pais bas.
• Bolakt, Son to Kofron, eldest Son to Gehan-guir, King of the Indies; His Father Kofron being dead, he was named Suc∣cessour to the Crown by his Grandfather Gehan-gui•• in 1627 and recommended to Asouf-Kan, Generalissimo of the Armies, and first Minister of Scare: But this Minister, who had given hi•• Daughter to Ko••rom, since called Cha-ge••an, Br••ther 〈◊〉〈◊〉 betrayed the int••rests of Bolaki, and authoris••d the U••••••pation of hi•• Son in Law. He ingaged most part of the Lords of the Court in Chage••••••••, Party; and the better to hid•• his intreagues, and h••••pri••e the young King Bolaki, who did not unde••stand Affair••, he spread a rumour that Cha-geh••n was dead, and that ha••ing desired to be interr'd near G••k ••n-g••t•• hi•• ••ather, hi•• Body was to be brought to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 The Soverag•••• was cunningly managed: As••••s••••an, per••••••d •• ••ola••, 〈…〉〈…〉 me•••• the Body of his Uncle, within a League or Agra. In the mean time Cha-gehan ma••••hed in∣cognito, and as he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in light of the Army which was near Agra he put 〈◊〉〈◊〉 int•• a Coffin, where he had A••r enough to draw his breath. This Coffin being carri••d into a Tent, all the Heads of the Conspiracy came on pret••nce to honour the B•••••• of the deceased P••ince. Th•• young King also being come out of Agr•• to meet it, As••uf-kan cau∣••••d the Coffin to be opened, an•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 rising, appeared to the whi•••• Army whose Gen••ra•• and Of••••••••••••, ••eclar•••• him King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••n ••i••k acclamations. The v•••• ng King Bo∣•••••••• being informed in hi•• way o•• these pre••••eding••, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at in that he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••ore 〈◊〉〈◊〉, ••here King 〈…〉〈…〉 ord••red him a Pension suitable to his birth. 〈…〉〈…〉 des Indies.
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  King•• of Boi••••••••i••.
  • ...Boi••••latis 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 take••, the ••r••el, King 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Prin•••• of B••••••••••••, wa•• y••ungest Son to W••a••istas and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, 〈…〉〈…〉 whom he Murthered S••pt••mber 28. 929 •• 932. and usurped his Thron•• He defended him∣•••••••• d••••••ng 1•• year•• against the Emperor Otho. who would 〈◊〉〈◊〉 deprived him o•• hi•• Cr••••n, on account of hi•• Fratri∣c•••• bu•• 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••st constrained to come to •• Peace on pay∣ing a certain 〈◊〉〈◊〉, making public•• Penanc•• for the death of St W••••c••s••••••••, an•• recalling the Christians whom he had Rani••h•••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 died July 15 90•• being 58 years of Ag•• M••••••ir Crom•••• H••st d•• Pologn.
  • ••ol••••••a••••, II called the Pious and M ck, was youngest Son to Bole••••au•• I much admired for his Mildness. Piety, and C••••rage I•••• made incursions as f•••• a Ru••sia, and the Fronti••rs of Poland. In 970. he d••feated 〈◊〉〈◊〉 P••••esa the Army of the Emperor Oth•• II. Commanded ••y Hen•••• Duke of na∣••ou••••••. He concluded Peace afterwards with Otho III So•• to O••ho II by the intercession of hi•• ••o••her M••••s••••, ••nd s••nt ••or Di••mar the Saxon, who was a most ••ealou•• Prea••h•••• of the Gospel, and made him Bishop. L••t••slaus died in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cromer ••ran••••.
  • Bolest••••s III called the Red, the Coveto••••, and t•••• Bi〈7 letters〉〈7 letters〉 Son to Bolesta•••• II. whom he succeed••••: Through 〈…〉〈…〉 gence he lost all that his Father had 〈…〉〈…〉 bouring Provinces His Uncle M ••e•••••• 〈…〉〈…〉 upon his p••rson caused his Eye•• to be put out, and became Master of F••ag••••, and divers other places which he l••••t to his Son nam••d B••••∣slat•••• In the mean time the unfortunate Prince being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 from his Kingdom, implored the succour of the 〈…〉〈…〉 Solauoni••ns in April ••008, and after a long and mile•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Life, he died in 1037. Aged above 80. 〈…〉〈…〉 young¦est o•• his Sons was named Regent of Boh••••••i••; but his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 B••other U••••••c cause his eyes to be put out. D•••••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
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  Kings of Poland.
  • 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I of the name, sirnamed Crob••••s, Du••e, and afterward King of I eland, succeeded in 969. ••o his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 M••••••s••••••, O. M••••c••sta••••, who had become Christian: He 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Title of King w••th consent of Pope Sylv••st••r II. and the Emperor Otho III. who in 1001. acquitted his Country from all Jurisdiction of the Empire. This Prince laboured much for the good of Religion, and advantage of his Country, having rendered those of Prussia, Russia, and Moravia, his Tributaries. He suppressed the Rebellion of the latter, re-established Stopocus Duke of Russia, whom his Brother Jare∣staus had deprived. Boles••••••us was a warlike Prince, and libe∣ral towards the Churches. Martin Cromer.
  • Boleslaus II. called the Bold and the Cruel, born in 1043 was chosen King after C••simir I. his Father, in 1058. H•• waged War against the Boh••mians and Russians with good suc∣cess, He triumphed in Hungary over Andrew that had usurped the Crown from B••lu, whom he re-established upon the Throne. He did the same service to ••••aslaus, Prince of Krovin, his Kinsman, after having punished his Rebellious Subjects: And yet this Virtuous youth, apparently so full of Zeal for Religion and Justice, and always Victorious, dege∣generated

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  • into Sacrilegious Tyranny, and effeminate plea∣sures during his Winter-Quarters in Russia, which corrupt∣ed his Martial mind Yet it is asserted, That on his return, he punish••••••, even against the minds of the Soldiers, the Women who, in absence of their Husbands, during this seven years War, had forfeited their Honour, making them suckle Dog instead of Children. He at last became guilty of Rapes and Adulterie••, and in a word altogether cruel and dissolute. S••an••slaus Bishop of Cracovia, a Prelate of singular merit reprehended him for his Debaucheries, which cost him his Life as he was saying Mass, May 5. 1079. Pope G••••gory VII Excommunicated Boleslaus, who being Cursed by all Men, abandoned his Kingdom, and killed himself in de∣spair about 1081. Some say that he was torn to pieces by Dogs as a Hunting; and others, that he endur'd Penance in a Monastery, where he lived incongnito near Inspruch: But it is certain, That he retired into Hungary with Micse his Son, whom he had by W••s••st••••••, Daughter to a Prince of Russia, and died there. Cromer, Cran z.
  • Boleslaus III. Sirnamed La••iatorta, was born in 1085. and succeeded in 1103. to Ladislaus I. Brother to Boleslaus II 〈◊〉〈◊〉 re-established, by his great Actions, the name which his Uncle had rendered odious. The Bononians who were going to invade his Kingdom, felt the weight of his Arms twice in their own Country: He punished also the Levity of the Pomeraniane, who had thrice Rebeiled; He Conquered the Russians; but being surprised by them afterwards in an Am∣buscad••, he was obliged to fly; and 'tis said, that he took this misfortune so impatiently, that he died for grief a year after; tho' it was a ••••all misfortune for a Prince, who had been a•• Wars from Ni•••• years old, and assisted at 47 Battels. In that which he foug••t An. 1109. nea•• Pr••s••aw, he defeated the Emp••ror Henry V. who sent to ask Pea•••• o•• him. Belaslaus w••••r to meet the Emperor to conclude the ••am•• and it was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with a double Assiance; for thi•• Polish Prince ha∣v•••••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his Wis•• S••••••lavia, Daughter to M••cha••l Duke of 〈…〉〈…〉 Sister to Henry: and Lad••slau•• his Son 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Married to 〈◊〉〈◊〉, younger Daughter to the Emperor Be••••••••us V as also engaged in a Civil War against one of his 〈…〉〈…〉 ••••••hers named Shingeus, whom he often pardoned fo•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Rebellion and Conspiracies against his Person; but hi Subjects forc'd him at last to put this Rebel to death. Boleslaus was a just, ••iberal, and blameless Prince. He died in 1139. after a Reign of 37 years, leaving seven Children by his second Wi••e Crom••••, Guagui••ti, S••arn••••••scius.
  • Bol••••laus IV. called 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cu•••••••• or the Henry, Son to Bol••∣s•••••••• 〈…〉〈…〉 the sen•• ••rince•• of Pol••nd in ••146. after Ladislau. 〈…〉〈…〉, who was Banished He gave him Silesia upon the mer••••ry of ••ro••••r ck Barbarossa; defeated the R••bellion. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and oblig••d them to receive Baptism, and died af∣ter a Reign of 27 years. in 1173.
  • Boleslaus V called th•• Ch••••ste, because he lived in perpe∣tual continency, with Cun••gonde of Hungary his Wife, Daugh∣ter to Bela IV. He was chosen in 1227. after his Brother L••s•••••• the White; he Reigned 52 years, and suffered much during his minority, by the ambition of those who aspired to the Throne. Conrad Duke of Moscovia, his Uncle, seized in Person, and usurp'd the Government; but he was deli∣vered by Henry Duke of Breslaw, his Cousin, to whom, on pretence of Guardianship, the Government was committed. Henry the Pious succeeded the latter. In 1240. the Tartars made their first incursions into Poland, Plunder'd Cracovia, and wasted Moravia and S••lesia, where the same Duke of Breslaw was slain. Boleslaus was a kind of Exile with Bela his Father-in-law, and Poland divided into two Factions, between Con∣rad and Boleslaus the Bald, Son to Henry the Pious: But the Polanders, being weary of all these disorders, recall'd their France, defeated Conrad, and obtain'd a famous Victory over the Tartars in 1267. These Barbarians Plunder'd Cracovi•• a second time in 1258. and returning again nine years after, Peter Palatin of Cracovia defeated them June 19. whilst Bole∣slaus was at hi•• Prayers. Boleslaus died Decemb••r 10. 1••99. Cromer
• Bolgias, or Belgius, Prince of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Galat••••••••, succeeded his Father C••rethrius. He made War on the Ma∣cedonians, and killed their K. Ptolomey Ceraunus, or the Thun∣d••rer in Battel.
• Bollerbrun, a Lake near Altembe•• in Westphalia which overflows the adjacent Sands twice a day, with an extraordinary noise, and re-enters its Banks sometimes af∣ter. Beckman.
• Bologne, or B••lonia, upon the Sea, near the Liane a City of Picardy in France, with the Title of a County, Baylwick, and Bishoprick suffragant of Rheims. It is not doubted but that the Port of Belenia is the Scius Portus of Caesar, called also Portus Morinus, Portus Morinorum, Gesoriacus Portus, Gesori∣acum Navale, Bo••••nia and Bolonia; which shews that this City is Ancient. Bologne had Earls of its own, and gave name to an illustrious Family, descended by the Mothers side from the French Kings o•• the 2d Race; which after having passed through divers renowned Families, was at last united to that of Auvergne, in the person of Robert VI. of the name E. of Anuergne. In 1477. King Lewis XI. took the County of Bologne from Mar∣garet of Burgundy; and Bertrand II. Earl of Auvergne, yield∣ed it to the same King, who gave him in exchange the County of Lauragais, with some particular Revenues, and united this County to the Crown. Henry VII. of England, in 1487. reduc'd this City to a very low condition, when he enter'd France, for the Protection of the Duchy of Britain: but the French King, Charles VIII. bought hi•• Peace, and pre∣serv'd it. His Son Henry VIII. took it afterwards in 1544 and kept it all his Life. In the minority of Edwa••d VI. it was sold, or surrendered to the French again for a much less sum than it cost. It lies in Longitude 22. 42. Lat. 50 30 Bologne is divided into Higher and Lower; The first is strong and defended with a good Ciradel; The Lower lies along the Port, at the mouth of the River Leave: This Haven is none of the best. The Lower City is inhabited by Mer∣chants, and contains the Parish of St. Nicholas, with divers Religious Houses; The Higher City is well built, and a∣dorned with several Markets and Fountains: And besides the Cicadel, the Palace where Justice is given, the Abbey of St. Wilemer, which now belongs to the Fathers of the Ora∣tory, the Cathedral Church of our Lady, with the Parish Church of St. J••s••ph, and some other Ecclesiastical and Reli∣gious Houses, contribute much to embelish it. The Bishops See was in times past at Terociune; but this City having been ••uined in 1553. by the Emperor C••••••les V. Pope Pius V. by his Bull in 1560. transfer'd the Bishoprick to Bolo••ne. Bologne is seven Leagues from Calais to the S. and five N from Estaples. It was formerly the usual place of passage from France into Br••tain; and according to Pliny, the shortest and most convenient. The Countrey called Prul••nois, or belonging to Bologne, is bounded by Picardy on the N. by the Br••••ish Sea on the W. Artois on the E. and Ponthieu on the S. ••••om which last it is separated by the River Canche. It had as own Earls, the last whereof sold it in 1477. to Lewis XI. or France.
• Bolognia, See Bononia.
• Bolsena, a Town of Italy, formerly belonging to Tuscany, and now to St. Peter's Patrimony: It is the Volsin••••m of the Ancients. It was a Bishoprick, but the See is now tran∣slated to Orvieto, which is not far from it. Belsana gives its name to a Lake, wh••r••in are two Islands, of which, the one named Ma••iana, is famous for the exit of Queen Amalaz••ntha, put to death there by the ungrateful Theoda••as
• * ••ol••••••••r, a M••rket T••wn in D ••••ysher, pretty large and and well built, noted for its glaz'd Tobaco Pipes It hath a pretty Castle, built on a rising ground, thought to have been a Garison of the Danes, there being two huge Trenches said to be seen there: It's 144 miles from L••nion.
• * B••lt••n, a Market Town of Sa••fo••d Hund••ed, in the S. of Lancashire, 146 Miles from Lon••••n.
• * Bolton, a Noble Seat in Yorkshire, belonging to his Grace Charles Pawlet, created D. hereof by our present K. William III.
• * Bol••o••••••, or Bolswar••, a Town of West-Friezland in the L••w-Countries, one League from Sa••ck, and about three from Leeuwarden. It is one of those which entred into a Confe∣deracy with the Germans. Peter of Bolswari, who wrote an History of Friezland from 781. till 1550. was a Native of this Town.
• Boma••, a City on the River Ourt, in the Duchy of Lux∣emburg, subject to the French; it stands 18 miles S. of Liege, and 48 N. of Luxemburg.
• Bomb, a great Bowl of Iron, filled with Artificial fire, and Nails, which is thrown into besieged places, in order to ruine them. Mezeray, in the Reign of Francis I describes Bombs after this manner: They are, saith he, certain great G••anades, long, or round, which are charged with Gun-powder, and fired from a Mortar to make them fail upon any plac••, where they make a double havock, both by ••heir weight when they fall, and by the violence of the Powder. They put to the hole of the Bomb a Squib, which is so ordered, that it gives fire to the Powder of the Bomb about a moment after its fall. To throw the Bomb, the Match is put to the Squib, and at the same time to the hole of the Mortar, which driveth the Bomb into the Air.
• Bombard, a thick and short Cannon, so named, from the Latin word Bombu••, or from the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because it makes a great noise.
• * Bombei, or Bombaira, a Town in the East-Indies, which was resigned to the English by the Portuguese, as a part of the Portion of Katharine the Wife of Charles II. It lies in the Indian Ocean, on the West side of the Cape of Malabar, in the Kingdom of Decam, between Suratt to the N. and Goa to the S.
• Bomberg (Daniel) a famous Printer of Antwerp, went to settle himself at Venice, where he Printed a great quantity of Hebrew Bibles, the most part of which are much esteemed fo•• the exactness of the Correction, and the beauty of the Cha∣racters From this Press came also several Works of Rabbins in their Tongue, that have rendered the name of Bomberg as famous amongst the Jews as amongst us. They say that he spent vast sums of Money to Print Books; and that he Princ∣ed amongst others, the Thalmud three times. Isaac Vossius.
• Bombon, a Province of Southern America in Para••, about the Lake of Cinacacocha, and the River ••auva, called also Rio of Maragnon.
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• to carry him to Lyons, where he should be degraded by the Council. He answered, That he was not frighted at the Threats of a Paterin. Whereupon the said General struck him on the Face with his Gantlet, and taking him by the Neck, forced him to Rome, where he died. Spanheim adds from the French Annals, That when Boniface's Bull arrived in France, asserting that he was Supream Lord of Temporals as well as Spirituals, and that King Philip held his Kingdom of him; the same was publickly burnt by Order of the Par∣liament of Paris; and by the Assembly of the States of the Kingdom, that same Year, who declared against the Papal U∣surpations, as Reservation and Collation of Benefices, and Tax∣ing the Clergy, &c. and the King writ in Answer to his Letter, Philipus Dei Gratia Francorum Rex, Bonifacio se gerenti pro summo Pontifice salutem modicam seu nullam. Sciat Maxima t••a fatuitas in temporalibus nos alicui non subesse, Ecclesiarum & Prebendarum collationem ad nos jure Regio pertinere, &c. Secus autem credentes fatuos & dementes reputamus. i. e. Philip, by the Grace of God, King of France, to Boniface, the pretend∣ed Pope, little or no Greeting: Be it known to your Foo∣lishness, that we are Subject to none in Temporals, and that the Collation of Churches and Prebendaries belong to us by our Royal Prerogative, and those who think other∣wise, we account Fools and Mad-men. He concluds, that this Pope died Frantick, gnawing his Flesh off his Hands with his Teeth.
• Boniface IX. Named before Peter Thomacella, was of a Noble Family of Naples, but reduced to Misery. Of a poor Ecclesiastick, he was made a Cardinal in 1381, by the Title of S. George I. and then of S. Anastasius, and created Pope after Urbin VI. November the 2d 1389, in the time when the Cardinals who were at Avignon, had chosen Clement VII. and after that Benet XIII. This Pope instituted the First Fruits of Benefices, i. e. half a years Revenue of each, cele∣brated the Jubilee in 1400, and pretended to be much for putting an end to the Schism; but his secret Intreagues to maintain himself on the Throne, were not hid. He is com∣mended for an admirable Chastity, which made him prefer Death to a Remedy which offended this Vertue; but the Li∣berty he allowed his Relations, is blamed by all Writers. Theodorus of Niem, who had been his Domestick, speaks of him with great Disparagement for his unsatiable Covetous∣ness: Having introduced, saith he, unlawful Means to draw Money from Benefices, and dishonoured his Pontificate by making a Marchandise of all manner of Places at the Court of Rome. Boniface IX. died October the 1st 1404, having been Pope five years wanting thirty four days. * Platina adds, that he was the first who invested all the Power of Rome in the Pope himself, that he created Magistrates as he pleased, and fortified the Castle of St. Angelo, and that he was sus∣pected of having put to Death, out of mear Envy, a certain Priest, who came down from the Alps Cloathed in White, and pretending a great deal of Modesty, was esteemed a Saint, and followed by a numerous Multitude, who from their white Apparel, were called Albi; but the Pope pre∣tended that he aimed at the Triple Crown, and therefore cut him off. Spanh. from several other Authors, accuses this Pope of Tiranny, Simony, and Idolatry, Selling Benefices to those who bid most, and thundring his Excommunicati∣ons against Lewis of Anjou, and Richard and Edward of Eng∣land, for conferring of Benefices. He also excommunicated all Princes who claimed any Right to govern the Temporal Concerns of the Church, and upon this account did abrogate the Authority of the Emperor Vinceslaus. He further order∣ed, that those suspected of Heresie, should be flead and burnt alive.
• St. Boniface, First Arch-Bishop of Mentz, and then Bi∣shop of Utrecht. He was a learned Scottish Priesh, Named Wilfride or Winfride before. He came into the Diocess of Utrecht whilst Willibrod had the Conduct thereof, and by Order of this Prelate, he preached thirteen years in Lower Friezland. Being afterwards at Rome, to visit the Sepulchre of St. Peter and Paul, he was sent back by Gregory II. to Thuringia and Hesse, in the Quality of Legat, where he re-established the Christian Religion. In the meantime the Bishop of Mentz died, and the Fathers of the Synod at Charles Martel's Com∣mand assembled there, named Wilfride to succeed. His E∣lection was confirmed by Pope Gregory III. who changed his Name to Boniface, gratified him with the Pallium, and crea∣ted him the first Arch-Bishop of Mentz. In this Quality he founded, with the Consent of Pope Zacharia, and King Pe∣pin the Brief, the Bishopricks of Aichstet and Wurtzburg, both in Germany, and the Famous Abbey of Fuld, of the Order of St. Bennet. Having governed that Church during 21 years, and hearing of the Death of Willibrod, he convocated a Sy∣nod, and resigned the Arch-Bishoprick in Favour of his Cousin Lulley, and went to take the Conduct of the Bishop∣rick of Utrecht. He built the Church of St. Salvator of U∣trecht in 738, and founded there forty Cannon-Ships; and King Pepin, in acknowledgment that he had Crowned him, whilst he was Arch-Bishop of Mentz, confirmed all the an∣cient Priviledges of Utrecht. After having held this See 16 Years, he Consecrated Gregory, and having put him in his Place, he went with some great Persons to Preach the Go∣spel, into Frizeland, where he suffered Martyrdom in 753. His Body was immediately Buried in the Cathedral of U∣trecht, and afterwards carried in Pomp, and put into the Abbey of Fuld. The Death of Boniface was soon revenged, for the Lieutenant of King Pepin being gone with a power∣ful Army to Dockum, did not only put his Murtherers to the Sword, but all those that he could meet with. There was since a fair Monastery built upon the Place where Boniface was killed. Jean. de Beka.
• Bonifacio, a City of Italy, in the Isle of Corsica, belonging to the Genoese. It is thought to be the Palla of Ptolomy. It lies in the South Part of the Isle, with a Port extreamly commodious, and a Fortress esteemed to be one of the best in Europe, because of its advantagious Scituation in a Penin∣sula. Bonifacio is a Trading Town, and well built: It gives its Name to the Streights between the Isles of Corsica and Sardinia. The Inhabitants call it Le Bocche di Bonifacio, which is the Fretum Taphros of Pliny, and the Fretum Etruscum of Pomponius Mela, the Sinus Sardonicus of Eustatius, and by some Moderns, called Le Bocche di Beixonnere. The French took it in 1553.
• Bonifacius, an Earl in the Fifth Century: He had ac∣quired a great Reputation at the War, and being sent into Spain against the Vandals, he was so much abused by Castinus his Companion in 422, that he went into Africk, where the Services he had rendered the Empire, acquired him great Riches. He contracted Friendship with St. Augustin, whose Conversation influenced him with a Desire to imbrace a Mo∣nastical Life; but this Holy Bishop perswaded him to lead rather a Christian Life in the World, where he might do good Service to the Church. He Married afterwards an Arrian Wife, suffered his Daughter to be Baptized by the Arrians, and even fell into some Debaucheries; which o∣bliged St. Augustin to write him that excellent Letter, the 70th of his Epistles, and afterwards to excommunicate him, because he had taken a Criminal by Force out of a Church, whe∣ther he had withdrawn. Count Bonifacius acknowledged his Fault, deliver'd up the Criminal, and was re-admitted to the Communion. Some time after he was accused of Re∣bellion, and attacked in Africk in 427 and 28. He defend∣ed himself couragiously, and called Genseric to his Assistance; but having made Peace with the Emperor Valentinian III. the Vandals drove him out of Africk. Aëtius also pursued, and fought him, and he received a Wound, whereof he died three Months after, in 432.
• Bonizo, Bishop of Sutri, and afterwards of Placentia in Italy, was Murthered in 1082 by the Placentians, because he maintained the Interest of the Pope. They pulled out his Eyes, and cut off his Arms and Legs. He has left an A∣bridgment of the History of the Popes. Berthold.
• Bona Dea, or the good Goddess, a Nymph, one of the Dryades, Wife to Faunus, King of Italy, whose Feast the Ro∣man Women celebrated by Night in a Place where Men were not allowed to come. They say she was so Chast, that no Man had ever seen her Face, nor known her Name, and there∣fore they did not assist at her Sacrifices. Mirtle was not imploy'd amongst the Ornaments of her Altar, because this Tree was dedicated to Venus, an Unchast Goddess. In the time of Cicero, Publius Clodius prophaned the Ceremonies of this Feast, by entering into the House of Julius Caesar, then Soverain Pontif, in Woman's Apparel, to debauch Mutia, Cae∣sar's Wife, who was celebrating the Feast of that Goddess with other Roman Ladies. There are some, who say that the Wife of Faunus having drank excessively, her Husband beat her to Death with Myrtle Branches, and that this King afterwards being much grieved at her Death, built her an Altar: Therefore there was no Myrtle made use of at this Altar, but a Pitcher full of Wine, covered with a Table-Cloth, was set upon it. The Greeks did also Sacrifice to the Good Goddess, whom they called the Goddess of Women, and one of Bacchus's Nurses, who was forbid to be called by her true Name.
• Bonne, a Town of Low Germany, in the Diocess of Co∣logne, scituate upon the Rhine, four Leagues from Cologne, in a fine Country, environed with Hills, and covered with Vines and Wood. Several Authors think that it was built by the Trojans after the Destruction of Troy. However, it is certainly the Ara Ubiorum of the Ancients. Ptolomy speaks of it under the Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and there is mention made of it in Tacitus, Ammianus Marcellinus, the Itinerary of Antoninus, and the Tables of Peutinger. Its Name was also found in some Medals of Augustus, related by Goltzius, under the Name of Colony, Col. Julia Bona. * It is pretty well fortified with broad dry Ditches. It is the ordinary Residence of the E∣lector of Cologne, who hath there a very fine Castle, and cu∣rious Gardens in the Neighbourhood. The Town-House is also very well built, with divers Paintings, and a Clock, with a melodious Chime, after the Fashion of the Country. There are still fine Churches to be seen, the Principal of which is dedicated to the Holy Martyrs, Cassius, Florentius, and Malusius. This City suffered much in the first Wars of the Low-Countreys, and was fiercely attacked, partly by the Bavarians, and partly by the Troops of the Duke of Parma, who carry'd it at last by Famine, in 1588. In this City Fre∣derick

• of Austria, chosen in Opposition to Lewis of Bavaria, was Crowned Emperor in 1314. It was in times past an Imperial City, but now it is under the Obedience of the E∣lector of Cologne. Lewis XIV. of France having given Troops to Cardinal Furstemburg, to render himself Master thereof, in the Quality of Elector. It was besieged in Summer 1689, by the Elector of Brandenburg, who after having almost ru∣ined it with Bombs, took it by Capitulation. * In 1673, the Prince of Orange, now King William of Great Brittain, ha∣ving taken Naerden, and secured Holland by a Part of the Army, he marched with the rest into Germany, and joyned part of the Confederate Troops to besiege Bonne, which had been put into the French King's Hands by the Elector of Co∣logne in the beginning of the War; and the taking this Place forced the French to withdraw his Forces out of the United Netherlands. It is (saith Doctor Burnet) a regular Fortification, the Walls are faced with Brick, and the Ditch, which is dry, is pretty broad; but the Counterscarp is in such ill Condition, that it is not able to make a great De∣fence. At the last Siege of this Place, they found a Vault, in which there was an Iron Chest, that was full of Medals of Gold, to the Value of 100000 Crowns; the Metal was Ducat Gold, and the Impressions made for Roman, but very ignorantly, as being not above 4 or 500 years old; and one must be extreamly ignorant in Medals, to be deceived by them; some few of them that seem'd true, were of the latter Greek Emperors. This Place is small and poor. It's 14 Miles South of Cologne, 28 South East of Juliers, 55 North East of Triers, and 60 North West of Mentz.
• Bonne, a Borough of Savoy, in the Country of Foucigni, upon the Brook of Menay, or Monole, within three or four Leagues of Geneva. Simler saith, That its Name of old was Banta. It's asserted, that it received its Name from the House of Bonne, which has since setled in Dauphine.
• Bonne Sforce, a Queen of Poland, second Wife to Sigis∣mund I. and Daughter to John Galeas Sforza, Duke of Milan, by Isabella of Aragon. She was brought into Poland in 1518, and had five Children, a Son and four Daughters: The Son was King Sigismund II. Sirnamed Augustus, Born in 1520, and died July the 18th 1572 at Knichin, upon the Frontiers of Lithuania and Massovia. This Prince left no Children, though he had three Wives, and so was the last of the Ja∣gellans, or Lithuanian Princes, who Reigned in Poland near 200 years. Queen Bonne was very Vertuous and Generous, and her Love to the King her Husband, was extream, which appeared by her Assiduity near his Person whilst he lived; and particularly, when thirty years after their being Mar∣ried, this Prince fell into a Languishing, and continual In∣dispotion, which lasted till his Death. During this time, she would her self alone take care to give him all that was necessary, what Remonstrances soever her Husband made her, to oblige her to take a little more Rest. After the Death of Sigismund I. Bonne took some Displeasure at King Sigismund II. her Son, who was fully resolved to take to his second Wife Barba Radzivil, Widow of Gastold, a Lithua∣nian Lord. Then she sided with the Princes and Lords of Poland, who scorning to see their King Marry the Widow of a simple Gentleman his Vassal, had withdrawn from Court; but some time after, Queen Barba dying suddenly at Cracovia, perhaps by Poyson, the Troubles of the Kingdom were appeased, and the King, and the Queen his Mother reconciled; yet this Reconciliation lasted not long, for the Queen often reproaching the King her Son with this Alli∣ance, which she found very unequal, Sigismund one day an∣swered her hastily, That he had not done so much Disho∣nour to his House and Crown, in espousing Barba publickly, and in the Face of the Church, as she had dishonoured it by Marrying secretly to Pappacoda, a Man of a mean Conditi∣on. These Discourses inflamed their Minds, and were the beginning of a great Mis-understanding betwixt the King and the Queen his Mother, of which the Emperor Charles the Fifth, and his Brother Ferdinand, King of the Romans, were soon advertised by their Ambassadors in Poland, and by Catherine of Austria, Queen, and third Wife of Sigismund Augustus. Whereupon these two Princes, to feed the Dis∣cord between the Mother and the Son, and by that means to hinder that the Queen and Poles should come together a se∣cond time, to succour Isabella Queen of Hungary, who would have re-established her Son Stephen or John Sigismund in his Territories, which Charles V. and Ferdinand had invaded, writ very ingaging Letters to Bonne, which she received with the more Pleasure, that they were both of the Royal House of Aragon, whence she issued; therefore she deter∣mined to quit Poland and the King her Son. On this Design she asked Leave to retire to her Lands in Apulia, in the fur∣thest Parts of Italy; and having obtained the same, she went thither, after she had been magnificently entertained in all the Countries belonging to Charles V. and Ferdinand; and particularly at Venice, where three years after, about 1558, she died, loaden with Honour, having been Mother to a King and three Queens. This Queen hath been unde∣servedly blamed for having made Pappacoda her Heir, a Nea∣politan Lord, of the Noble Family of Pappacoda, who was, as some say, her Husband; for according to the Historians, who hold for the House of Austria, Philip II. King of Spain, Son to the Emperor Charles V. was true Heir to this Queen. This occasioned a great Suit betwixt the Kings of Spain, and the Princes of Poland, which is not as yet decided; for their Historians maintain that this Testament is false, that Queen Bonne never made Philip II. King of Spain, or Papaca∣da, her Heir; but that she left all her Estate to her Daugh∣ters, and to her Son Sigismund Augustus, King of Poland, with whom she was reconciled some Months before her Death, and had sent to the Venetians to lend her their Galleys to conduct her into Poland. Hilarion.
• Bonne, a Lombard, Native of the Valtoline, of a low Con∣dition; but by her Courage, she became very Illustrious in the Fifteenth Age. She was at first Concubine, and after∣wards Wife to Peter Brunoro, an Illustrious Captain of Parma, who, as he was leading an Army into the Valtoline, perceived Bonne in the Field feeding Sheep, and observing that she was lively and haughty, carried her with him. He took delight to Cloath her in Man's Apparel, that she might the better ac∣company him on Horseback, and follow him a Hunting: She attended him when he served Count Francis Sforce against Alphonsus King of Naples; and also when he re-entered into the Service of Alphonsus. Some time after, Brunoro would have returned to Francis Sforce, and deliberated about the Means of making his Escape, and to keep it from the Know∣ledge of the King of Naples; who having discover'd it, arrested and clapt him in Prison. Bonne immediately resolved to deliver Brunoro; and to compass her Designs, she went to all the Princes of Italy, the King of France, Philip Duke of Burgundy, and the Venetians, from whom she obtained Letters of Recommendation on Peter Brunoro's Behalf. Alphonsus be∣ing intreated by so great Powers, was obliged to set him at Liberty, and restore him to his warlike Girl, who after∣wards prevailed with the Senate of Venice to give him the Command of their Troops, with a Pension of 20000 Ducats. Then Brunoro considering the great Obligation which he ow∣ed Bonne, resolved to Marry her, and took her for his law∣ful Wife. After her Marriage she made the Greatness of her Courage appear more and more, being at all Rancounters, where she fought Valiantly, and became very understanding in the Military Art, the effects whereof were seen on divers Occasions, and chiefly in the Enterprise of the Venetians against Francis Sforce, Duke of Milan, where she forced the Enemies to surrender the Castle of Pavono near Bresse, after having assault∣ed it at the Head of her Troops; insomuch that the Senate of Venice having an entire Confidence in the Conduct and Va∣lour of Peter Brunoro and his Wife, they sent them to defend Negropont against the Turks, which they performed so well, that during the time they remained there, the Turks durst undertake nothing more on that side. Brunoro died in the City of Negrepont, where he was very honorably Inteterred; and Bonne returning to Venice, died by the Way in 1466, in a City of the Morea, leaving two Children behind her.
• Bonne-Cour••y (John of) a Franciscan Monk of Luca in Italy. He studied at Paris in the beginning of the Sixteenth Age, under the Reign of King Lewis XII, and put this Assertion in his Thesis, That the Pope was above the King in Temporals. The Parliament incensed at the Impudence of this Fryar, arrested him. He was condemned to be stript of his Habit of Cordelier by the Hang-man, was cloathed with another, half yellow and half Green, and led before the Image of the Virgin which is on the Palace-Gate, holding a Torch of se∣veral Colours in his Hand, and declaring on his Knees, with a Rope about his Neck, That he had impiously, and against the Commandments of God, and Orthodox Principles, maintained per∣nicious Errors, whereof he repented, and called to God for Mercy, and craved Pardon of the King, the Court of Justice, and the Publick. After this Execution, he was led by the Hang-man in the same Apparel unto Ville Juife, where he had his Franciscan Habit restored, and thirty Livres given him to withdraw whither he would, being forbidden to return into France, on pain of being hanged. Bouchel.
• Bonnefoy (Ennemond) known by the Name of Bonefidius, one of the most famous Lawyers of his Time. He was Born at Chabueil, a small Borough of Dauphine, was Professor in the University of Valencia, in 1572. Joseph Scaliger and he were to have been killed there, during the Massacre of St. Bartholomew. They owed their Preservation to the Care of Cujas. The Fear that Bonnefoy had on't, made him con∣ceive such a Hatred against his Country, that he withdrew to Geneva, where he ended his Days, and no Entreaties were able to make him return. His Latin Works, and a∣mongst others, his Treatise of Civil and Canon Law in the East, shew how great and sollid his Erudition was.
• * Bonner (Edmund) Bishop of London, and a cruel Perse∣cutor of the Protestants in the Reign of Queen Mary, was the Natural Son of George Savage, Priest, Parson of Daven∣ham in Cheshire, Natural Son of George Savage, of Cliston, in the said County, Knight of the Garter, and Privy-Counsel∣lor to Henry VII. In 1512, or thereabouts, Edmund Bonner be∣came a Student of Broadgate's Hall, now Pembroke Colledge in Oxford, then a noted Nursery for Civilians and Canonists, and having made a sufficient Progress in Philosophy and the Laws, was admitted Batchelor of the Canon, and a Month 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• had none left but four, which he offered to surrender to Ju∣lius II. who was chosen after Pius. This Pope refused at first to accept of them, and permitted Caesar to withdraw; but having been afterwards better advised, he caused him to be seized at Ostia, and kept him in Prison until he yielded these Places. Then he suffered him to go to Gonzales of Corduba, who gave him his Word of Honour, and yet sent him into Spain, where he was condemned to a perpetual Imprisonment. He afterwards made his Escape, and fled to John Albert, King of Navarre, his Wife's Brother. This Prince being in War with Lewis de Beaumont, his Vassal, Constable of Castile, Cae∣sar Borgia besieged the Castle of Viane, which belonged to the said Constable, who putting sixty Men into the Place by Night, the Duke of Valentinois pursuing them, was killed on Friday, March the 12th 1507. Caesar Borgia had for devise, these Words, Aut Caesar, aut nihil, which gave occasion to some Poets of his time to make the following Disticks.

  1.

  Borgia Caesar erat, factis & nomine Caesar, Aut nihil, aut Caesar dixit, utrumque fuit.

  2.

  Aut nihil, aut Caesar, vult dici Borgia: quid ni? Cum simul & Caesar possit & esse nihil.

  3.

  Omnia vincebas, sperabas omnia Caesar, Omnia deficiunt, incipis esse nihil.

• Borgo, a Town of Swedland, in the Province of Finland, called Nyland. It is scituated upon the Gulph of Finland, betwixt Vibourg in Cavelia on one side, and Revel in Livonia on the other.
• Borgo S. Donnino, a Town of Italy, in the Duchy of Parma, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Bononia or Ravenna. It is an ancient Town, the Fidentia of Titus Livius, Pto∣lomy, and the Itinerary of Antoninus. It was since sirnamed Julia, as may be seen in the Roman Martyrology, and then that of Burgus S. Domnini. Blondus saith, that here was in times past a famous Abbey of St. Columbus, which was de∣stroyed by the Emperor Frederick II. Pope Clement VIII. made it an Arch-Bishoprick, and Paul V. rendered it Suf∣fragant to Bononia. This Town did formerly belong to the Family of Pallavicini.
• Borgo-val-di-Taro, a Town of Italy, in the Duchy of Parma, which in times past belonged to the House of Landi. It has a strong Fortress, called Val de Taro, on the side of Genoa.
• Borichus, natural Son to Coloman, King of Hungary, joyn∣ed the Troops of Lewis VII. called the Young, King of France, as he passed through Hungary to the Holy Land in 1147, and he sought an Opportunity to mount his Father's Throne; but Geisa II. King of Hungary, cross'd his Designs, and sent to demand him of King Lewis. Borichus seeing himself dis∣covered, slung himself at the Feet of Lewis VII. imploring his Protection, which this generous King granted him. And when the Ambassadors of Geisa exaggerated the Persidy of Borichus, he answered them, That he would not ••••ffer that a Prince should be taken so nigh his Person; that the Tent of a King was an Altar, and that the Feet of a Soverain were a Shelter for the Unfortunate. Borichus notwithstanding, fearing the Power of Geisa, fled away secretly, mounted up∣on one of the King's Horses, to seek for Safety elsewhere. Bonfin. Dec. 2. l. 6.
• Boriquen, one of the most considerable Leward Islands in Northern America, belonging to the Spaniards. It lies a∣mongst the Artilla, betwixt the Isle of the Holy Cross, and that of Porto Rico. Boriquen is of small extent; but there is Sugar, Cassia, Ginger, and Leather in it. They say that the Inhabitants reckoned the Spaniards immortal, until they saw one name Salsedo drowned at the Pass of a River called Guarabo.
• Boris Gudenou, Great Master of the Horse, and Brother-in-Law to the Great Duke of Muscovy, whose Sister he had married; he was Regent of that State during the Reign of Fedor, or Theodorus; and to secure the Crown to himself, or∣dered a Gentleman to go and murther Demetrius, Son to John Basilowitz, and Brother to Fedor, a young Prince of nine years old, in the City of Uglitz, where he was brought up; and this Tyrant, to conceal the Murther, killed this Assassi∣nate and his Accomplices as soon as they returned to Moscow, and sent Soldiers to rase the Castle of Uglitz, and drive a∣way the Inhabitants, as if they had favoured the Murther. It is believed that he poysoned King Fedor afterward, to ren∣der himself absolute Master of the Empire; and though he made a shew of refusing the Royal Dignity, yet he used all possible means to obtain it by the Election of the Grandees, which he accomplished: But his Reign was disturbed by the Imposture of Griska, who appeared under the Name of Demetrius, and obtained the Protection of the Vaivod of San∣domiria, whom he persuaded that the Murtherer sent by Boris, had killed a young Lad who resembled him, and was on purpose put in his Room by his Friends. whilst he made his Escape. This Vaivod raised an Army, entered Moscovia, and declared War against the Great Duke. At first he took several Cities, and drew into his Party several of the Offi∣cers of Boris, who died for Grief in 1605. The Knez and the Bojares did immediately Crown Fedor Barissovitz, Son to Boris, who was as yet very young; but afterwards consider∣ing the Success of the Arms of Counterfeit Demetrius, they took a Resolution to acknowledge him for their Prince, and having persuaded the People accordingly, they ran hastily to the Castle, where they made the young Duke and his Mo∣ther Prisoners; and in the mean time they sent to pray De∣metrius to come and take possession of his Kingdom, who immediately commanded a Deak, or Secretary to go and Strangle the Mother and the Son, and to give out that they were Poysoned; which was performed June the 10th 1605. See Demetrius. Olearius's Voyage to Muscovy.
• Boristhenes, Dnieper, or Nieper, a River of Poland, which has its Source in Moscovia. As it enters into Lithuania, it waters Smolensko, Orsa, Sklon, Mohilou, Rohaczou, &c. Thence it comes into Volhinia, where upon its Banks are Czernobel, Kiou, Circassi, &c. It runs also through a Corner of Ukra∣nia, near Trethimirow, Then come the Shelves of the Boristhenes or Porohi, the safest Retreat of the Cossacks. Porohi is a Rus∣sian Term, which signifies a Stone of a Rock. This River, for fifty Leagues from its Fall into the Black-Sea, is travers'd with Rocks, which raise a kind of Bank in the midst of its Channel, and renders it unfit for Navigation. There are some of these Rocks which are even with the Water, others that are six, eight, or ten Foot above it, and from this un∣equality are formed several Cascades or Water-falls, which the Cossaks pass in small Boats with a great deal of danger. There are thirteen of these Water-falls, some whereof are higher than others. There are also many Isles on the other side of Porohis of the Boristhenes: There is one amongst o∣thers, to be seen below the River called Czertomelik, encom∣passed with above 10000 more, whereof many are marshy, and covered all over with Reeds, which hinders one from discerning the Channels that separate them. In these Places also the Cosacks make their Retreat, which they call their Skarbnica Woiskowa, that is the Treasure of the Army, be∣cause there they keep all the Booty they make in their In∣cursions upon the Black-Sea. In the mean while, besides the River of Czertomelik, the Boristenes receiveth a great number of others, as Beresine, Przipiecz, Sosa, &c. and be∣ing extreamly increased, it discharges it self into the Black-Sea near the Town of Ocziacou belonging to the Turks, who endeavoured to become Masters of the Mouth of the Boristhe∣nes for the Security of Constantinople, and the Towns that are upon the same Black-Sea. This River is formed of two principal Rivers, almost equal in Breadth and strength of Current; the Nieper is one, and the Prepice or Pripec•• the o∣ther; and because the latter has its Source further towards the South, and the other towards the North, the Nieper is esteemed to be the most Northern Boristhenes, and the Pri∣pece the most Southern Boristhenes of Ptolomey. This Nieper has its Source in Moscovia, nor far from Mosco. The Nieper, after having received the Berezine, crosseth the Country at Rzeczica, and receives the Prepice, which has its Source in Black Russia in Poland, upon the Borders of the upper Volhi∣nia and Polesia, where it waters Pinsk, Mazi in Luthania, Czernobel in Volhinia, and a little lower is lost in the Nieper. * This is next to Ister or the Danube, the greatest River of Scythia. It is Navigable for 600 furlongs, and towards its Mouth, are found great quantities of Natural, or Bay-Salt, and huge Whales without Fins.
• Bormio, or Vorms, a small Town in the Country of the Grizons, with the Title of a County, upon the River Adde, near the Valtoline, and Capital of all the Boroughs of this County.
• Borneo, a very great Island in the Indian Sea, and the Chiefest of the Islands of the Sond. It is scituated betwixt the Isles of Celebees Eastward, Java Southward, Sumatra Westward, with India and the Philippine Islands Northward. It's round in Form, and about 1600 Miles in Circuit, ac∣cording to some, and but 1400 according to others at most. Here the Air is very hot, because it lies under the Equi∣noctial Line. It contains several Kingdoms, the most re∣renouned of which is that of Borneo, whose Capital, of the same Name, is built in a Marsh upon Piles, as the City of Venice, and they go from one Street to another in Boats. It has a large and commodious Haven, but the Air is unwhol∣some. The King is a Mahometan, as most of the People who dwell on the Coasts; but those who live far up in the Coun∣try, are Pagans and Idolaters. They are Cloathed much like the other Indians, having a Linen Cloth about their Reins, and a little Turban on their Head. The best Camphir of all the Indies co••es from Bornea. Here is Gold also to be found, and Bezoar, which is a Stone formed in the Sto∣mach of a Sheep or Buck, about a bit of Straw which stay∣eth in the Stomach, and is often found in the Stone. The Persians call these Beasts Bazans, and the Stone Bazar, whence we have the said Bezoar. Here are also Diamonds, a great quantity of Pepper, Frankincense, and other Gums. The Country is reasonably fruitful, as to Corn and Cattel: the Inhabitants go naked in Summer, and in Winter wear Skins of Beasts. The King has 3000 Horses, and a vast

• Number of Foot under his Command; his Revenues is the Tenth Part of the Subjects Corn; he has Horses sent him from Barbary, for which he exchangeth Slaves.
• Bornerus (Gasper) a German, born in a Village of Mis∣nia, lived in the Fifteenth Age. He taught, during eighteen years, at Leipsick, and died on the beginning of May 1574. He was a Man of great Probity, Mild, Honest, and Learned in all manner of Literature, but chiefly in Divinity and Mathematicks. We have divers Works of his, as Analogia: De stellis Indices in Ptolomei Geographiam, &c.
• Bornheim, a Borough of the Low Countries, in the County of Flanders, with a Castle. This Borough hath under it seve∣ral Villages, and the Country where it is scituated, is called the Country of Bornheim or Borhem, betwixt the Scheld and Alost. Bornheim, Bendermonde, and Montgerard, with their Territories, are the proper Demain of the County of Flan∣ders.
• Bornholm, an Isle of Denmark, upon the Baltick Sea, near Schonen, with some small Towns, which have often suffered by the Arms of the Suedes. This Island was yielded to them in 1658, by the Peace of Roschild; but since that time, the Danes have parted with several Lands in Schonen to re∣deem it.
• Borno, a City and Kingdom of Africk in Nigritia, with a Desart and a Lake of that Name. It is the Country of the ancient Garamantes. It's said that the People of this Country do live in Common, and that Men do acknowledge for their Children those who are like unto them. The Lake of Borno is famous, because the Niger goes through it. The King∣dom of Borno has Nubia on the East, Berdoa and Gaaga on the North, Gangara on the West, and the Niger on the South. * The Inhabitants of this Island are so Curious, to have a Lawful Heir upon the Throne; that the Husband not being certain the Children which he has by his Wife are his own, but she certain that they are hers, therefore they rather choose to be Governed by a Woman, to whom they give the Title of Queen; her Husband being only her Sub∣ject, and having no Power, but what she permits him. Ta∣ver. Part. 2. Pag. 140. In this Island there is a River called Succadan, in the Sand of which are found Diamonds, but the Queen will not suffer them to be exported. There is a cer∣tain Bird found in this Island, which the Portugueze call the Sparrow of the Sun, having the most beautiful Feathers of any Bird in the World; they are never found alive, and accord∣ing to Fame, they never fly but in the Sun-shine, whence they are called Birds of the Sun. They have no Feet nor Wings, and consist most part of a Tail, with a little Head and Belly; they are very Rare, and extreme Dear. Baud.
• Borough-Bridge, a well built Market, and Borough Town, in the West Riding in Yorkshire, scituate on the Ri∣ver Yore, over which it hath a large, fair Stone Bridge; it's 204 Miles from London, a great thorough-Fare in the Nor∣thern Road, noted for the Devil's Bolts, of which in their own Place.
• Borra, a Spanish Buffoon, who applied himself chiefly to jear at learned Men, and to reproach them with their Po∣verty. He was beloved of several Kings, who bestowed many rich Presents upon him, and particularly, the Empe∣ror Sigismund gave him once so much Money at a Feast, that he could not carry it. He lived Ninety Years, having laid up above an Hundred thousand Crowns. It's said, that being present at the Death of Martin, King of Aragon and Sicily, at Barcelona, in 1410, he perceived a little Shadow which rose from the Middle of the Belly, moving towards the Head, and vanished near the Throat, just when this King expired; but it is lookt upon as the Story of a Jester, and made for Diversion. Valla Hist.
• Borrelistes. M. Stoup in his Treatise of the Religion of the Hollanders, speaks of this Sect, whose Chief was Adam Borcel of Zealand, who had some understanding in the He∣brew, Greek, and Latin Tongues. The Borrelistes, saith M. Stoup, entertain for the most part the Opinions of the Memnonites, though they never frequent their Assemblies: They are of a very severe Life, imploying part of their Means to give Alms, and acquitting themselves in all things as good Christians. They have an Aversion to all Churches, the use of Sacraments, Publick Prayers, and all other Ex∣ternal Acts of Worship. They assert, that all the Christian Churches since the death of the Apostles, and their first Successors have degenerated from the purer Doctrine, be∣cause they have suffered the Word of God, which is Infal∣lible, to be expounded, or rather corrupted by Doctors who are not Infallible, and yet would make their Confessions, Catechisms, Liturgies, and Sermons to pass for what they are not; but Mr. Stoup is supposed to be unfair in this Re∣lation.
• Borrhaus, (Martin) known by the name of Cellaris, was born at Stutgard in the Dutchy of Wittemberg in 1499. He became one of the most famous Divines a∣mongst the Protestants, and learned the Hebrew, Syriack, and Chaldean Tongues. He taught Rhetorick, Philosophy, and Divinity at Basle, where he died of the Plague, Octob. 11. 1564. He has composed divers Works, as De Censura veri & falsi. Annotationes in Politica Aristotelis, Mathematica, Com∣mentaries upon the Pentatcuch, Joshua, Judges, Kings, Job, &c.
• Borromea, (Biancha) a Damsel of Padua, illustrious for her Learning and Vertue. She had a perfect knowledge of Sciences, and Foreign Tongues, which procured her the esteem of all the Learned of her time, who came to see her at Padua, where she taught with applause. She died in 1557.
• Borromeus, (Frederick) Cardinal, Archbishop of Milan, Brother to Charles Borromee. In 1609 he celebrated the 7th Council of Milan. He was the Founder of the Ambrosian Library in this City, which Anthony Olgiati, to whom he committed the care thereof, enriched with Nine thousand Manuscripts, and at one time there were added 70 Packs of Books which were saved from the Shipwrack of the Library of Vincent Pinelli. Cardinal Boromee died in 1632. We have several Works of his. Sacra Colloquia. Principium Fa∣vor. Divines Caudes. Sermones Synodales. De Episcopo concio∣nante. Meditamenta literaria. De Christiana mentis jucundi∣tate, &c.
• Borsholder, a name which was anciently given in Eng∣land to the Dean or Head of a certain Society called Decu∣ria, because it consisted of ten Men, who obliged themselves for one another, and then one for all to answer what should be done amiss by any of the Associates; so that if one of them should run away, the rest were obliged to bring him back in 30 days, or to satisfie for him, according to the nature of his Crime. King Alfred, who lived about 880, divided England into Counties, the Counties into Hundreds, and those into Decuries or Colledges of Ten considerable Ci∣tizens, whose Dean was called Borsholder, that is principal Surety. See Henry Spelman, Gloss. Archaeol. where he tells us, that Alfred by this Laudable Constitution endea∣voured to keep his Subjects in order, and stop the carreer of ill disposed Persons.
• * Borsippa, a Town of Babylonia, formerly consecrated to Apollo and Diana. It is noted for a great Woollen Manu∣factury, and the Vast Multitude of Batts which they pickle for eating. Strabo.
• Borsius, Prince of Ferrara, in Italy, usurped the Princi∣pality from his Brother Hercules, to whom it belong'd. But he would not Marry, fearing that the Love of his Children might prevent his design to restore it. He died in 1466.
• Borysthenes, the River: See Boristhenes.
• Borysthenes, the Emperor Adrian's Horse remembred in History, because this Emperor built him a Sepulcher, with an Epitaph of his own composing. Salmas. in Ael. Spart.
• Borzivoge or Borivori I. King or Duke of Bohemia, Son to Nostrice or Hestivite, whom he succeeded in 856; he was for∣tunate enough in some of his Wars; but happier in this, that he was the first Duke of Bohemia who received Baptism, June 23. 8•••• in the 60 or 65 of his Age. After this he was banished, and then recalled by his Subjects; but at last he abdicated the Government in favour of his Son Spitigne or Zpitizvene, and retired into a Wilderness to follow his Devotions, and died a little after. Dubrav. Hist. Bohem.
• Borzivage or Borivori II. was established King of Bohemia at Ratisbonne, by the Emperor Henry IV. in 1100. after the death of Bretislas II. who was murdered on the 22d of De∣cember that same year. The States of the Kingdom not ha∣ving elected him, would not acknowledge his Authority, so that he was driven from his Throne, and re-established 3 several times. So that finding it impossible to maintain himself on the Throne, and against the Ambushes which were continually laid for him, he was forced to withdraw into Germany, May 14. 1107 Dubrav. Hist. Bohem.
• Bosa, Bosi, and Bossa, a Town in the Isle of Sardinia, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Tare, whose See is at Savari. It is situated on the Western Coast, at the mouth of a small River, betwixt Aristan and Oristagni on the South, and Sas∣sari on the North, it is an ancient Town, and mentioned by Ptolomy and Pliny.
• Boscager, (John) a famous Lawyer much Honoured by the University of Paris, was born at Beziers, Aug. 13. 1601. He came very young to Paris, where his Uncle the Learned Forret was a famous Professor of the Law, in which Imploy∣ment he succeeded after his death. The Method in which Boscager Taught was very particular: He had reduced the whole Law to certain Principles or Definitions, whence he drew Consequences, which comprehended all that could be said on each matter. But he never thought of Printing any thing, till he was not in a condition to do it. He had also composed several Treatises in Latin, which he turned into French at the solicitation of the late Mr. Colbert, and they were since publish'd by the Title of Institutions of the French and Roman Law. It's without his consent, nor are the Re∣marks upon them of his Composure. He died Septemb. 15. 1687. Aged 87.

• * Boscobel, a Wood which served for a retreat to King Charles II. of Great-Britain, after the Battle of Worcester, Sep∣tember 1651, thought to have been named Boscobel, because of its Beauty. There are two Houses in the midst of this Wood, the one whereof is also called Boscobel, and the other White-Ladies, because it was in times past a Convent of Nuns cloathed in White. The said King being obliged to save himself in this place, remained there several days, retiring at night to the House, and hiding himself by day in a thick Oak, which is look'd upon as a Prodigy, because it is so large and thick of Boughs, that 20 Men may easily hide themseves in its high Branches; And since this famous acci∣dent it has been called the Royal-Oak.
• Bosius (Anthony) of Milan, a Lawyer, and Agent of the Order of Malta. Having quitted it, he resolved to apply himself to some great Design which might acquire him Re∣putation, and so undertook the Work of Roma Sotterranea, at which he laboured from 1567 till about 1600, and de∣scended often into the Catacombs, where he would pass some times 5 or 6 days without interruption, yet he had not the satisfaction to see this Work perfected, but after his death John Severani, Priest of the Oratory of Rome, augmented and published it in 1632, and Paul Aunigh, another of that Society, Translated it into Latin, and Printed it in 1651.
• Bosius (James) of Milan, Uncle to Anthony, was a Knight Servant of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and their Agent at Rome, wherein he acquitted himself with much re∣putation, and wrote their History, which we have in 3 parts; he wrote also the History of the Holy-Cross.
• * Boshena, a small Place of Pentwith Hundred in the West parts of Cornwall, near the Sea-side, upon the Southwest of whose Promontory is a Trophy erected, which are 18 Stones placed round, and pitch'd 12 foot from each other, with another in the center far bigger then the rest, which seems to be a Monument of some great Victory obtain'd either by the Romans, or the Saxon King Ethelstan.
• Bosnia or Bossina, a Province of Europe, formerly a King∣dom. It is situated betwixt the Rivers of Unna, Sav••, and Drina, and took its name from the River Bosna. It has Ser∣via on the East, Dalmatia on the South, Croatia on the W••st, and Sclavonia on the North. The principal City of this Kingdom was in times past Jaiza, then Warbosaum, and now Sari, which is also named Bosna. This Country was anciently part of Pannonia, conquer'd since by the Goths, and at last by the Sclavonians, who becoming Tributaries and Subjects to the Hungarians, Bosnia had the same fate. It consisted then only of one Province, which hath since had Princes of its own. Mahomet II. seized it in 1463, and flea'd Stephen the last King of Bosnia. Cluvier, Chalcondile. In 1688, at the same time that the Duke of Bavaria marched to the Siege of Belgrade, Prince Lewis of Baden went with a strong Detachement of Germans and Hungarians to the Conquest of Bosnia. The Croatians having Orders to join with him, the 14th of August his Army passed the River Unna, though the Bassa opposed him with 15000 Men, after which he took Cas••anovitza, which is a Castle of 3 strong T••wers, and a Wall according to the ancient way of Fortification, and seated on the Unna between Croatia and Bosnia, which yielded without resistance. The 15th the Army went towards Gra∣disca, which was set on fire and deserted, as was also De∣bitza and Jassenowitz, and 3000 Turks were intercepted and cut off near the former. The 25th he marched towards Brod (the Croats being sent home) in order to reinforce the Siege of Belgrade, but finding the Bassa had still a conside∣rable Body of Men in the Field, he resolved to disperse them before he went. The Bassa lay then at Terwent 5 Hungarian miles from Brod, and the 4th of September he marched to∣wards the Bassa in the night with a Body of 3000 German Horse without any Foot, the 5th by break of day they fell upon the Enemies Camp 15000 strong, and defeated their Horse, and of 7000 Foot, which could not so well shift, 5000 were slain and 2000 taken, with the loss of 150 of his Men, upon which Bagnaluca the last Town yielded to him, and since that the Germans are become Masters of all the other Places, and have re-conquered the whole Province from the Turks.
• Boson or Bozon, King of Arles, Provence, and Burgundy Cisjurana, was Son to Buves or Buvon Earl of Ardenne, and to a Daughter of Thietberges Wife to Lotharius II. King of Lor∣rain, whom he Divorced in 857, to espouse Valdrade. King Charles the Bald who had been in Love with Richilda, Sister to Boson, espoused her in 870, after the death of Hermentruda his first Wife; and for her sake did great kindnesses for the Prince her Brother, gave him the Government of Burgundy, made him Duke of Aquitain, and Grand Master of the Door-Keepers. Pope John VIII. adopted him for his Son; or, as Cardinal Baronius expounds it, made him Temporal Gover∣nor of Italy, and in this Quality he assisted at the Council of Pavia in 876. Afterwards he accompanied this Pope in his Journey to France in 878; that same year he Married Her∣mengarda, sole Daughter to Lewis II. King of Italy and Pro∣vence, and would feign have invaded the Crown of France after the death of Lewis the Lisper in 879; but this design succeeded not; yet being always animated by his Wife to make himself King, he caused himself to be Crowned Sove∣raign of Burgundy and Arles, in a Council held at the Castle of Mantaille in Dauphine, Octob. 15. 879. Lewis and Carlo∣man who had divided the Kingdom, made War with him, carried and almost ruined Vienna in 882, where Boson's Wife and Daughter were made Prisoners. This Prince however did not lose his Courage, but managing his Friends and Sub∣jects dexterously, recover'd his Esteem and Interest; so that in a little time he appeared as powerful as ever. And the death of King Carloman in 884 restored Boson to his first Dig∣nity; and the French being over-run by a Deluge of Barba∣rous People, they were not in a way to oppose the prosperity of this Prince, who could not desire a fitter time to recover from his fall. So that Charles the Thick yielded him the Lands, which he had erected into a Kingdom, and was satisfied with the Homage which Boson rendred him in 885. After which he lived in great Tranquility, and died Janua∣ry 11. 888.
• Bos••borus Cimmerianus or Streight of Cossa; it is this fa∣mous Streight which makes the Communication of Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea with the Palus Meotis. It is also named Streight of Cossa, because the Town of this name, which is in the Taurica Chersonesus or Little Tartary, is built in the Peninsula form'd by these two Seas, known also by the name of Mare Majora, or Sea of Zabache and Tana. The Cimmerian Bosphorus is also called the Streight of Kerci, from a small Town of Little Tartary called Bosphorus or Bosporus, was an ancient, but now extinguish'd City, which gave its name to this Streight, and to the People called Bosphori, of whom Strabo, Pliny, Stephanus, Polybius, &c. have made mention.
• Bosphorus of Thracia, or the Streights of Constantinople, and Chanel of the Black Sea, is the Streight which is betwixt Thracia and Asia Minor, or betwixt the Black Sea and the Pro∣pontis or Sea of Marmora, where are Gallipoli, the Castles of the Dardanelles, and the Towers of the Black Sea at the mouth of the Bosphorus. It is called the Chanel of Constantinople, because this City is built upon it; and this Chanel is so nar∣row, that from some places of the City the Cocks may be heard when they Crow upon the Asian Shoar, which is on the other side. The Seven Towers are a Fortress where the Pri∣soners of State are kept.
• Bossu, a small Town and County in Hainault, near Valen∣ciennes. The Family of the Counts of Bossu has produced Valiant Men, and amongst others, Maximilian Hennin, Earl of Bossu, who was General of an Army in the Low-Countries against Don John of Austria in 1578. He had been taken be∣fore in a Sea-fight by the States, whose Party he follow'd be∣cause not able to pay his Ransom, but he was afterwards brought over by Alexander Prince of Parma, whose kindness drew a great many Nobles, but chiefly Walloons, into the Spanish Interest, but Bossu fell sick, and a little while after died.
• Bostangi Baschi, in Turkey, is the Master Gardener; and though he be taken from amongst the Agiam-oglans, yet he has great power. He has the Charge of all the Grand Sig∣niors Gardens, of Fountains, and Houses of Pleasure, and is capable of being made Bassa of Grand-Cairo, Babylon, or Grand-Visier.
• Bostangis are the Agiam-oglans who work in the Grand Signiors Gardens, some of them are raised to a higher De∣gree, and called Hassaki, or Chassaki, that is the Kings Mes∣sengers. Ricaut, of the Ottoman Empire.
• Bostkay (Stephen) was a Relation to Sigismund Bathori Prince of Transilvania, to whom he succeeded in 1604, and by the favour of the Turks had the Title of King conferred on him, which the Emperor Rodolphus opposed, and took part with Bethle••m Gabor, but Stephen was Crowned in 1605, by the assistance of the Turks who took Gran, Octob. 3. after which Bostkay obtain'd a Truce of 20 years betwixt the Em∣peror and the Turk, and Liberty of Religion, and died De∣cember 28. 1606.
• * Boston, a Market, Sea-Port, and Burrough Town in the S. E. parts of Lincolnshire, it belongs to Skirbeck Wapentake in Holland Division, and is seated on the River Witham, within 5 miles of its fall into the Sea. This is one of the most considerable Towns in the whole County, rich, and populous, well Traded and resorted to. It has a fair high Wooden Bridge, is govern'd by a Mayor, Aldermen, Re∣corder, &c. The Tower of it's fair and large Church is thought to be one of the best built in the World; it serves as a Lanthorn to Sailors; it's 114 miles from London.
• * Boston, the Metropolis of New-England in the Northern America, is commodiously seated for Traffick on the Sea Shoar, call'd Boston with reference to as noted a Sea-Port in Lincoln∣shire. 'Tis a large and spacious Town, compos'd of several order'd Streets, grac'd with fair and beautiful Houses, and well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen, who drive a considerable Commerce in such Commodities as that Country affords with other parts of America, as also with England and Ireland, taking by way of Exchange such Commodities as each place affordeth that are to their purpose. 'Tis like∣wise a place of good strength, having Fortifications on 2 or 3 adjoining Hills, with great Pieces of Cannon mounted thereon, and a suitable Garison.

• * Bosworth, a Market Town of Sparkenhoe Hundred in the West of Leicestershire, seated upon a Hill in a fertil Soil, memorable chiefly for the great Battle fought near it at Red∣more, Aug. 22. 1485. betwixt King Richard III. and Henry Earl of Richmond, wherein Richard being slain, the Crown return'd in the Person of Henry from the House of York to the House of Lancaster. This Town is of some Note besides for giving the Title of Baron to James Fitz-James the present Duke of Berwick. It's 83 miles from London.
• Boteon, (John of) in Latin Buteo, was a Monk of the Order of S. Anthony of Viennois, and one of the greatest Persons of the last Age. He was born in Dauphine, where he entred into the Abby of St. Anthony. He received the first Tinctures of Mathematicks from Oronce Fine, whom he surpassed in some things. De Boeton understood, also the Law, and was very skilful in making all sorts of Mathematical and Musical In∣struments. He invented several things, which before his time never entred the thought of any. He perfected things which were already invented, and in every thing shewed so much art and exactness that nothing could be added. His desert procured him the esteem of the Learned of his time, and he died at St. Anthony in 1560. He writ De Quadraturis circulorum tam antiquis quam modernis. De Libra & Statera. De arca Noë, cujus forma & capacitatis fuerit. De sublino Ponte Caesaris. Explanatio ad Quinctilliani locum Geometricum. E∣mandatio figurationis organi à Columella descripti. De fluviaticis Insulis secundum Jus Civile dividendis, &c. Thuanus.
• Botericus, Governor of Thessalonica a City of Macedona, who having been killed there, was the occasion of the mur∣der of 7000 Men, whom the Emperor Theodosius sacrificed in revenge, An. 390. Sozomen.
• Bothnia, a Province of Sweden, betwixt Lapland and the most Northerly part of the Baltick, known by the name of the Gulf of Bothnia, and formerly Dumashaff. This Province is commonly divided into three parts, Eastern, Western, and Northern. Torn is its Capital City.
• * Bottanti, a certain People who border on the Kingdom of Laor near the River Indus, they are very much inclined to Pious Works, especially those of Mercy towards the Indi∣gent, they are of a fair Complexion, and wear a Turkish Vest, so well adapted to their Bodies that no wrinkles are to be seen in it, they never put it off, no not when asleep, till such time as it is wore to pieces. They never wash their Hands, alledg∣ing, that such a pure Element as Water, ought not to be defil'd. They have no King, but live in great Liberty. They are in features much like the Europeans, their Hair is generally flag and yellow; they are of a midling stature, and very robust; their Dishes, Platters, and Cups are the Skulls of dead Men. Hoffm.
• Bottifanga, (Julius Caesar) a Knight of the Order of the Militia of Christ in Portugal, who lived in the beginning of this Age, under the Pontificate of Paul V. He was Native of Orvieto, and one of the most ingenious Men in the World, he could not only play upon all Instruments of Musick, but make 'em also; he Painted and Embroidered extreamly well, nor was there any Art nor Profession but what he could exer∣cise, though he had never learned them. His very Genius was good as any Master, under whom others serve an Apprentice∣ship. He did moreover write extreamly well in Prose and Verse, he composed a Poem of Orvieto, and some other very ingenious Treatises. Pinac. Imag. Illustr.
• * Botwar, a Town of Germany in the Circle of Suabia and Dutchy of Wirtemberg, it stands 14 Miles South of Hail∣bron, and 21 N. E. of Stugard.
• Bouchain, Lat. Bochonium and Buceinium, a Town of Hai∣nault in the Low-Countreys, situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld, with a very good Castle betwixt Valencienne and Cam∣bray. It is a small Town, but well fortified, and Capital of the County of Ost••rvand, which in times past belonged immediately to the eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault. Bouchain belongs now to the French, who took it 1676. Ja∣cobus Lessabaeus. Bouchain is 10 miles South West of Valen∣ciens, and 28 West of Mons.
• Bouchard, Constable, or Comes Stabuli of France in the Reign of Charlemaign, on divers occasions gave signal Proofs of his Conduct and Valour, especially when he defeated the Saracens at Sea, An. 806. M••zerai.
• Boucicaut or John le Maingre called Boucicaut II. of the name, Count of Beaufort, and Vicount of Tureine, Marshal of France, eldest Son to Boucicaut I. His name is famous in the French Histories; for he begun to carry Arms at the Age of Ten; and King Charles II. was ravish'd with his Vertue. He accompanied Charles VI. into Flanders, with whom he had been Educated as Page of Honour, and fought near his Person at the Battle of Rosebec in 1382. At the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, Boucicaut was taken, but his Beauty saved him from death amongst 600 more whom Bajazet caus'd to be cut in pieces. He was afterwards Ransom'd. The King sent him in 1399 to the succour of the Emperor of Con∣stantinople, where with 1200 Men he forced the Turks to raise the Siege, and gave so many Marks of his Valour in the East and in Italy, that the Venetians became jealous of his glory, whilst his very Enemies were his Admirers. He was established Governor of Genoa, where he made his Entrance in 1401, and brought the City of Famagousta under their obedience. At his return from an Expedition against the Infidels, he was defeated by the Venetians in 1403; and af∣terwards in 1409, being gone to the assistance of the Duke of Milan against those of Verona, the Genoese improving the absence of this Mareschal; killed Hugh Cholet his Lieutenant, and submitted themselves to Theodorus Paleologus Marquis of Montferrat. Boucicaut having attempted, but in vain, to re-establish himself, retired to France, where he imbraced the Party of the Duke of Burgundy. In 1415 he lead the Vant∣guard of the Battle of Azincourt, where he was made Priso∣ner, and being carried into England, died there in 1421.
• Bouer (Charles) Lord of La Noüe, descended from the Boüets of Touraine. He became considerable for his invio∣lable fidelity to the Crown of France during the League, and was one of those who opened the Gates of Tours to King Henry III. after the Parliament of Blois, upon which His Majesty made him one of the Sheriffs of that City, and ad∣vanced him to the degree of Nobility. King Henry the Great imployed him in conjunction with the Lord de la Va∣liere, in 1595, to view the Frontier Towns of Picardy, in which he acquitted himself very well. He was afterward chosen to be Mayor of the City of Tours, and was also named by his Majesty, with the Earls Schomberg and Rochepot, to me∣diate a Truce with the Duke of Mercoeur, which was the forerunner of a Peace, which concluded the Civil Wars. But the Lord de la Noüe died of a Strangury during the publick Rejocycing on this Account. Souliers. Hist. Noblesse. Touraine.
• Boufsters, a Territory situated upon the River of Authie near Hesdin, in the Diocess of Amiens in Picardy, which hath given name to one of the most ancient and illustrious Fa∣milies of this Province.
• Bouffllers, (James) Lord of Boufflers, Noble, Sailly, and Caigny, was Son to Peter II. Lord of Boufflers, and Isabell of Neuveille. He was born about 1436. This strange par∣ticular is observ'd of him, that he never drunk out of any Glass, but his Lips swell'd, and he felt intollerable pain.
• Boufflers, (Lewis) Sirnamed the Strong, Lord of Boufflers, was born in Picardy about 1534. He was the oldest Son of Adrian Lord Boufflers, and he was educated with John of Bourbon, Duke of Anguien, Brother to Anthony King of Na∣varre, Father to Henry the Great, to whom he had the Ho∣nour of being related; he was called Strong, because of his prodigious Strength, wherein he surpassed not only all the Lords of his time, but almost all the Heroes, whose Me∣mory has been preserved by Antiquity, either for greatness of Courage, Comely Stature, or Natural Vigour. It seem∣ed, say the Historians, that Nature had formed him on pur∣pose to make him admired and feared by all Men. When he would fix himself stedfastly on his Feet, there was no Man that could move him; when he put the top of his Finger upon his Forehead, none was able to take it thence; neither could any thing be taken from him that he held with his Right Hand; when he stretched out his Right Arm, no Man could bend it; and he could break a Horse Shoe in two with his Hand; he would hold an Ox by the Tail, and drag him whither he pleased; he would take up a Horse in his Arms, and carry him very far; for all which he has been compared to Milo the Wrestler of Croto. But what was most remarkable in him was, that he had no less Dexterity then Strength; he overcame all the Wrestlers of Britanny; and when he went a Fowling, he would leap over very large Ditches and Brooks Booted and Spurred; he could kill with a Stone Beasts as a running, and Birds a flying; he could mount on Horseback, Armed Cap-a-p••e, without putting his Foot in the Stirrup; for 200 steps he could outrun the swiftest Spanish Horse; and in a word, could perform so many incredible things, that they would make him pass for a fabulous Hero, if they were not related by Writers worthy of Credit, as Loisil, in his Memories of Beauvaisis, and La Morliere, in his Illustrious Houses. The rare Qualities of this French Hercules made Men hope for great Exploits from him in the Armies; but death took him off in the flower of his Age, by a Musket Bullet at the Attack of Pont Sur Yonne, whither he accompanied the Duke of Anguien; he left 3 Brethren, from whom are descended the 3 Branches of the Families of Boufflers. Adrian Boufflers succeeded him, and signalized his Valour on many Occasions in the Reigns of Henry III. and IV. against the Leaguers. He was also a Person of great Learning, and wrote a Historical Collection, wherein in imitation of Plu∣tarch he compares the Modern with the Ancient Historians. He was succeeded by his Son Francis, always deputed by the Nobles of his Province to the Meetings of the States, and distinguish'd himself at the Siege of Cazal in 1630. He had two Sons, the eldest called Francis, who died in Feb. 1672, leaving a Son called Henry; and Louis Francis Marquis de Boufflers, Colonel General of the Dragoons of France, Grand Bailly of Beauvais, Lieutenant-General of the Kings Armies, and Governor-General of a great many Provinces; he was lately made Mareschal of France, and is noted for his Valour and Conduct, bearing a great Command in the War against the Allies, but his Honour is stained by being an Instrument 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• Besides the Parliament, Bourdeaux has a Chamber of Justice, a Seneschal's Seat, a Court of Admiralty, an Exchequer Of∣fice, another of general Treasurers, and a Mint, where Sil∣ver is marked with the Letter K. &c. Pope Clement V. de∣cided the famous Controversie for the Primacy of Aquitain, in favour of the Church of Bourdeaux, so that the Primacy of Bourges is no more acknowledged there. The same Pope did moreover grant great Priviledges to the Metropolitan Church of St. Andrew, whereof we have a History, composed by Mr. Lopez. The Prelates of Gau assembled a Council here in 385, when Priscillian was condemned. Du Chesne.
• Bourdeille, or Bordeille (Elias) Cardinal and Arch-Bishop of Tours, Son to Arnaud de Bourdeille, of a Noble ancient Fa∣mily of the Country of Perigord: King Lewis XI. having arrested Balüe, called the Cardinal of Angiers, with William of Harancour Bishop of Verdun, Elias of Bourdeille complained of it, as an Attempt against the Body of the Clergy. But finding that his Remonstrances were not considered, he pub∣lished a Monitory, threatning to excommunicate those who should undertake any thing against the Clergy; and the Parliament stiled this false Zeal, Violence and Passion, or∣dered him to recall his Censures, and upon his Denial, his Revenues were seiz'd, and he suspended: But the King con∣cluded this Business himself. Elias of Bourdeille writ also against the Pragmatick Sanction, and a Treatise of Concord, as touching Benefices; and Pope Sixtus IV. recompenced his Zeal November the 15th 1483, with a Cardinals Hat. He dy'd near Tours July the 5th 1484
• Bourdeille (Peter of) who lived about the latter end of the last Age, known by the Name of Sièur Brantome, was a Commendator of the Abbey of Brantome, and considerable for his Birth, good Qualities, and Wit. He speaks thus of his own Adventures, in the Life of Mr. du Gua: As soon as I got from under the Subjection of Father, Mother, and School-Master, I began to travel to the Courts of France, Spain, and Portugal, the King of which honoured me with the Habit of Christo, which is the Order of that Country. Being returned from Pignon of Valez, in Barbary, I went again into Italy, then to Malta, then to the Siege of Goulet in Africk, after∣wards into Greece and other strange Places, which I loved an hundred times better than my own Country. De Thou speaks of Brantome upon the account of his Voyage to Malta, and names him amongst those who went thither in 1565, when the Turks besieged it. Brantome confesseth that he had a Design to make himself a Knight there; but that Strozz, his good Friend, hin∣dered him: I suffered my self to be thus rul'd, adds he, by the Persuasions of my Friend, and I returned into France, where being big with hopes, I received no other Fortune, but that I have, God be thanked, been always well beloved, known, and welcomed by the Kings my Masters, by the Lords and Princes, by my Queens, by my Princesses, and in short, by every one, so that without brag∣ing, I may say that the Name of Brantome hath been there very famous; but all these Favours, Grandeurs, Vanities, Boastings, pretty Feats, and good Times are vanished, and nothing remains unto me, but the having been all this, and a Remembrance, which sometimes pleases, and sometimes displeases me, advancing to∣wards cursed hoary Old Age, the worst of all the Evils in the World, and Poverty, which cannot be repaired, as in a flourishing Age, to which nothing is impossible, repenting me a thousand times of the brave and extraordinary Expences which I have made in times past, &c. He dy'd in the Reign of Henry the Great, a∣bout 1600, for he speaks of the Death of Mareschal Ma∣tignon in 1597; and, as appears by his Memoirs, which have been published in several Volumes, after they had been a long time in Manuscripts in the Closets of the Learned.
• Bourdelot (John) an Advocate of the Parliament of Paris, and Master of the Requests to Queen Mary of Medicis; lived in the latter Age, and at the beginning of this. He has Translated and Commented on Heliodorus and Lucian, where∣of he published a fine Edition in Folio; we have yet of his a Commentary upon Petronius, which is much esteemed. He composed besides an universal History, Commentaries upon Juvenal, a Treatise of the Etimology of the French Words, and a great many other Works, which have not been pub∣lished. He dy'd at Paris in 1638.
• Bourdillon, Mareschal of France: His proper Name was Imbert de la Blatiere, Knight of the King's Order, and Lieu∣tenant General in Champaign. Imbert de la Blatiere Bour∣dillon, saith de Thou, an Illustrious Captain, by his Prudence and Courage was made Mareschal of France in the place of Mareschal of St. Andrew. In 1563 he was present at the taking of Havre de Grace from the English, and in the follow∣ing year he was sent into Guienne, to appease some Troubles between the Roman Catholicks and the Protestants. He dy'd at Fontainbleau in August, 1567.
• Bourg, upon the Reissouse, a Town of France, in the Pro∣vince of Bresse, with a Baylwick and Presidial. Latin Au∣thors name it Forum Sebusianorum, and some Forium. This place, saith de Thou, is situated in a Marshy, but fertil Coun∣try. It hath Eastward the Mount St. Claude, and pleasant Hills planted with Vines: It looks towards Franch Compté, North∣wards, Lyons Eastward, and Westward it hath a great Plain, which reaches unto the Saone. It followed the Destiny of the rest, being taken under Francis I. and afterward rendered, until it was subjected to France by Henry the Great. The Go∣vernment of Bourg is Aristocratick, for two Syndics or Sheriffs, have the direction of all the Affairs of the City. Emanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, built a Citadel there in 1569. which was demolished in 1611. King Henry the Great Erected a Presidial there in July 1601. Here is also a Collegial Church, with divers Monasteries of both Sexes. At the sollicitation of Charles III. Duke of Savoy, Pope Leo X. established a Bi∣shoprick in this Town, An. 1515. which was suppressed the year ensuing, and re-established again in 1521. Paul III. entirely suppressed it by another Bull in 1534. The Church of our Lady of Brou, near Bourg, is very renowned. Marga∣ret of Austria, Wife to Philibert II. called the Fair Duke of Savoy, having spent 200000 Crowns in building it. This Town stands 34 Miles N E. of Lyons, and 48 W. of Ge∣neva.
• Bourg, (Annas) Counsellor Clerk to the Parliament of Pa∣ris, was Native of Ryon in Auvergne, Son to Stephen de Bourg, Lord of Silloux, Comptroller General of the Customs in Lan∣guedoc, and Brother to Anthony du Bourg. President in the Parliament of Paris, and afterwards Chancellor of France. He was destined for the Church, and even to be a Priest; but embracing the Protestant Religion, it occasioned his be∣ing Honoured with the Crown of Martyrdom. He was a Person of great Wit and Learning, especially in the Law, which he taught at Orleance with much applause. He was received Counsellor Clerk to the Parliament of Paris, the 19th of October 1557. In that high station, he declared him∣self the Protector of the Protestants, endeavouring to molli∣fy the punishments, and to hinder the severity of the Judg∣ments that were passed against them. Several famous Mer∣chants were of his Opinion: But King Henry II. took other measures. Those who had credit with him, perswaded him to rid himself of the Protestants, and amongst others, Giles le Maitre, first President; John of St. André, and An∣thony Minart, Presidents, told him, That the evil was so great, that it could not be dissembled any longer; That to oppose it, he should begin, by punishing the very Judges, whereof some by their favour upheld the Protestants secretly, and others did it by the credit and recommendation of their Friends; That this was the Root which was to be plucked up; and that they believed it was necessary for the King to come unexpectedly into Parliament, which he should find As∣sembled on the subject of the Mercurials or Checks, a kind of Censure against the Magistrates, which Charles VIII. institu∣ted, and were thus named from the day whereon they were to be held. This Monarch had concluded a Peace at Chateau Cambresis, April 3. 1559. and came at the beginning of the Month of June following into the Parliament, where Coun∣sellor Du Bourg, having spoken too freely to him, so far as to mention the example of Achab, and the great number of Adu••••••ries which were committed at Court, the King caused him and some others to be Arrested. On the 19th Commis∣sioners were appointed to Try them, and Du Bourg was de∣clared a Heretick, by the Bishop of Paris; who ordered, that he should be deprived of the Charactor of Priest, and then delivered into the hands of the Secular Power: But the King on the 29th of June, having received the Wound where∣of he died the 10th of July following, this Affair was ended; but in December next, he was Condemned by the Bishop of Paris, and the Archbishops of Lyons and Sens, his Appeals being rejected by the Parliament. Frederick, Elector Pala∣tine, and other Protestant Princes of Germany sollicited his Pardon, but they were refused; so that he was Hanged, and his Body burned December 20. 1559. And thus died Annas du Bourg, at the Age of 38. being A Learned Man, a good Ma∣gistrate, and a faithful Friend; who could be reproached with nothing by his Enemies, but his Application to the Protestant Re∣ligion. He wrote divers Works. The French Protestants reckon him in the number of their Martyrs; and his History may be seen more at large in their Martyrology.
• Bourges, upon the Rivers Auron and Eure, a City of France, Capital of the Province and Duchy of Berry, with a Bayl∣wick, Presidial, Generality, University, and Archbishoprick, which hath the Title of Primacy and Patriarchate. It is the Avaricum Biturigum. or Avaricum Cuborum of the Ancients, which has also been diversly named, Biturix and Biturigum. It is certain that Bourges hath been, not only one of the most ancient Cities of the Gauls, but also one of the fairest and most considerable; and was so reckoned in the XLVII. Olympiad, or the CLXIV. of Rome about 590. before Christ. For Titus Livius assures us, That under the Reign of Tarquin the Ancient, King of the Romans, the Monarchy of the Celtae was in this Capital of Berry, whereof Ambigat was Soveraign. Julius Caesar took this City about the 702 of Rome, which was the first of the CLXXII. Olympiad, 52 years before Christ. He speaks of it in the VII. Book of his Commenta∣ries, and saith, That Vercingetorix, Head of the Gauls, ha∣ving Assembled a Councel, caused 20 Cities of Berry to be burned, and that they had it even under debate to do the same to Bourges it self; but that those of the Country oppo∣sed it, beseeching the rest not to constrain them to burn their Capital, the Ornament and Safeguard of Berry, and one of

• the first Cities of the Gauls. Caesar Writes afterwards the History of that Siege, and saith, That of 40000 Men who were in it, there scarcely escaped 800, all the rest having been put to the Sword, the Soldiers sparing neither Age nor Sex. It suffered in the 5th Age, by the incursions of the Wisigoths, and being subjected to the French under Clovis, who took Aquitaine from the said Wisigoths, Bourges fell to the Lot of Clodomir, and afterwards of Gontran King of Orleance. It was from the latter, that one Didier, General of the Troops of Chilperic I. took Bourges in 583, and burnt it al∣most entirely. It was afterwards repaired at divers times, chiefly under Charlemaign, and became again so considerable, that William the Breton took delight to give a magnificent de∣scription of it speaking in the VIII. Book of his Philippides, of its Riches, Strength, and the great number of Inhabi∣tants. Bourges had particular Earls of its own in 1412. du∣ring the Factions of the Houses of Burgundy and Orleance, the Duke of Burgundy seized upon the Person of Charles VI. and led him before Bourges, where were inclosed the Dukes of Berry and Bourbon, with a great many Lords, and an Agree∣ment was made on July 15. King Charles VII. during the first years of his Reign, made his residence commonly in this City, which he fortified; and thereupon his Enemies in mockery called him King of Bourges. In the latter Age, du∣ring the Wars about Religion, the Prince of Condé being at Orleance, sent Gabriel Earl of Montgomery, who surprised Bourges for the Protestants. May 27. 1562. The Duke of Guise besieged it for King Charles IX. and Yvoy who was Go∣vernor thereof, surrendred it on September 1. that same year, and Bourges afterwards followed the Party of the League; but in 1594. was subjected to Henry IV. John Duke of Berry erected here in May 1379. a Chamber of Accounts for the Lands of his Portion; and King Charles VII. Translated thi∣ther that for the Kingdom, while his Enemies were Masters of Paris: But now the Government of this City depends on the Mayor and Sheriffs. It is believed that King St. Lewis founded the University, Charles Duke of Berry, Brother to King Lewis XI. re-established it, and obtained several Privi∣leges for it of Pope Paul II. in 1464. and it hath had many famous Professors of the Civil and Cannon Law. Bourges is naturally strong, by reason of its situation; the Rivers ha∣ving rendered the adjacent Country full of Marshes, which makes it of difficult access on one side, and on the other side it rises pretty high; it is also environed with good Walls, defended by 80 Towers on the side which may be the most easily approached: It had a great Tower, which is partly ruinous since 1651. The River of Ewre which others call Yeure, begins there to be Navigable by the encrease of the Waters which it receives from the Auron, Aurette, Molon, Colin, and some other Brooks. Bourges is a great City, well-built, with fine places, a great number of Fountains, and very clean Streets. The Palace of the ancient Dukes of Berry, serves now for a seat to the Presidial, and is joined to the Holy-Chappel. Strangers do entertain themselves here with the sight of the King's House, the Town-House, that of the Germans, and that of the famous James Colur, besides the Am∣phitheaters and other Antiquities. The Church of St. Ste∣phen is the Metropolis, and thought to have been built in 254. under the Empire of Decius. There is a fine Chapter in it: Besides this Church, Bourges hath seven Collegiat ones; That called the Holy Chappel, which immediately depends on the See of Rome, is the first. John of France Duke of Berry, Son to King John, and Brother to King Charles V. founded it, and was buried there in 1416. in the middle of the Quire, where his Tomb is to be seen. Besides these Collegial Churches, there are 17 Parishes at Bourges, 3 Abbies, and a great number of Monasteries, with a College of Jesuits. The Diocese, which is one of the largest in the Kingdom, contains near 900 Parishes, under 12 Arch-Deaconships, and 20 Arch-Priests, 34 Collegial Churches, 35 Abbies, and 10 Commanderies of Malta. The Church of Bourges has had illustrious Prelates, amongst which 18 are Canonized. The Archbishops of Bourges take the Title of Patriarchs and Pri∣mates of Aquitain. It having begun to injoy this Title in the 9th Age. Theodulfe of Orleance saith, That Aigulfe, who lived in 830. was the first Patriarch of Bourges. The English afterwards becoming Masters of Gui∣enne, the Archbishops of Bourdeaux refused to acknowledge this Primacy of Bourges. King Philip Augustus complained thereof to Pope Innocent III. who did not determine the Affair, but some time after Gregory IX. declared in favour of the Church of Bourges: For Clement V. had Translated this Pri∣macy to Bourdeaux, whereof he had been Archbishop. The Metropolis of Bourges has had 11 Suffragants, Clermont le Puy, St. Flour, Mende, Rodez, Vabres, Castres, Cahors, Tulles, Limoges and Albi: But as this last Church has been of late erected into an Archbishoprick, it has had part of its Suffra∣gants, to wit Castres, Cahors, Mende, Rodez and Vabres. Car∣dinal Robert, Legate, called a Council here in 1215. But the Bishops of France having reason to complain of his Con∣duct, opposed it, and made their Appeal to the Council of Latteran, which Pope Innocent III. held towards the end of that year, the Legate Cardinal Reman, held one there in 1225. or 26. to judge of the Lands of Raimond Earl of Tou∣louse, in which his Son demanded to be re-established. There were seven Archbishops; but he of Lyons pretending to the Primacy over that of Sens, and that of Bourges over those of Bourdeaux, Ausch, and Narbonne; it is said that they took their Seats as in a Council of State, and not as in a Councel of the Church. Simon of Bria, Cardinal Legate, held one in 1276. for the Peace of the Church; the See of Rome being then vacant by the death of Innocent V. In 1286. Simon of Beaujeu, Archbishop of Bourges, held there a Pro∣vincial Synod. There were also several Councils held in this Age, for the Primacy of first Aquitain, whereof the Prelates of Bourges were in possession, since Charlemaign's time, who having made that City Capital of the Kingdom of Aquitain, composed of three Provinces, would, for the bet∣ter uniting of them together, that they should all depend on it, as to Spirituals. The Prelates of Narbonne shook of this Yoak as soon as there were Earls of Tolouse. That of Bour∣deaux attempted the like, when the third Aquitain was left to the Kings of England, under the Title of the Duchy of Guienne; but those who were in possession oppos'd it. Simon of Salli, whom some Authors make a Cardinal by the Title of St. Sixtus, Legate of the See of Rome, and Archbishop of Bourges, held a Council in 1228. and suspended the Arch∣bishop of Bourdeaux, who would not assist at it. This qua∣rel went so far, that Giles of Rome, got Bertrand of Got, Archbishop of Bourdeaux, afterwards Pope, under the name of Clement V. to be Excommunicated by Walter of Bruges, Bishop of Poitiers, about 1300. and this Pope did afterwards highly express his resentments of it. The Clergy of France Assembled in 1438. at Bourges, under Charles VII. acknow∣ledged the Council of Basle, and drew up the famous Consti∣tution, named the Pragmatick Sanction. The Council approved of it, and it lasted till 1516. that it was suppressed by the Concordat betwixt Pope Leo X. and King Francis I. The same King Charles VII. about two years after, Assembled the Clergy again in that City; and Eugenius IV. was acknowledged for Pope. In 1584. Renaud of Beaune. Archbishop of Bourges, celebrated a Provincial Council, for the Reformation of Manners, and the Discipline of the Church. Anthony Bojer, a Cardinal, held a Synod there in 1516. and Peter of Hardi∣villier celebrated another in 1643. Bourges is 7 Leagues from La Charite to the W. 22 from Orleans to the N. Its great Towers were razed by order of the present King of France, because it sided with the Prince of Condé in the last Civil Wars.
• Bourgoing (Edmund) Prior of the Jacobins of Paris, was made Prisoner at the Assault of the Suburbs of Paris, during the League, where he was Armed as a Soldier. He was brought to Tours, where the Parliament sate in 1589. and be∣ing Convicted of having publickly praised James Clement in his Sermons, a Fryer of his Convent, who had committed the horrid Parricide on the Person of King Henry III. and of having compared him to Judith, who killed Holofernes before the City of Bethulia, he was condemned to be drawn betwixt four Horses; and the Sentence was executed at Tours, Janua∣ry 26. 1590.
• Bourgouin, a small Town of France in Dauphine in Vien∣nois; It hath been in times past dependant on the Barony of La Tour du Pin, and is renowned for its Hemp Trade: It suf∣fered much in the Civil Wars.
• Bourignon (Antonietta) was born at Lisle in Flanders, in 1616. having resolved to quit the World, she took a Hermits Habit at the Age of 18. to retire into the Desarts; but she was known, and stop'd in the Diocese of Cambray, where the Bishop granted her a solitude; she was forced afterwards to withdraw elsewhere, because she would live there with some other Virgins, without any Vow or Rule, but the Love of God and the Gospel. After this, she shut her self up in a Chamber, where she lived alone for four years. Her Parents being dead, she contributed to the foundation of an Hospi∣tal, and was there nine years taken up in instructing several poor young Women. Having received some discontent there, she abandoned this Hospital, and travelled into seve∣ral other places during the rest of her Life. She died at Fra∣neker in 1680. Her particular way of Life, has given occa∣sion to believe that she was for making some new Sect. She has left divers Treatises of Piety, which are bound in 18 Volumes in 8vo. Republique de Lettres.
• * Bourn, a Market Town in the South of Lincolnshire, of Aveland Wapentake in Kesteven Division: Here are still to be seen the Ruins of a good Castle; and not far from it stood Swinsted Abbey, a Monk whereof nam'd Simon, Poison'd K. John, as most Historians relate, from L. 153. M.
• Bouron, a City of Romania, near the Archipelago, on the side of Aperose. There is a Lake of the same name which is on this side of Mount Argontaro. The City of Bouron had in times past a Bishop's See, and was known to Pliny, Ptolomy, and Stephanus, who often speak of it under the name of Bistonia.
• * Bouran, a vast, populous, fruitful Kingdom in the middle of Asia, three Months Journey beyond Patua to the N. bounded to the S. by the Kingdom of Nupal, from which it is separated by Mount Naugrocot, which is probably the Taurus, and is eight days journey over; the Prince of this Country is very Potent, and wonderfully honoured by his Subjects, who Trade in Indostan for Beads of Amber and Coral in Ex∣chang•• 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• the Coast of Malabar have for them an extraordinary defe∣rence; for the Bridegroom presents his Wife to a Bramen, to dispose of her before the Consummation of the Marriage, that he may be happy and blessed. They have amongst the Benjans the direction of the Affairs of Religion, whereof they expound the Mysteries, and by this means gain great Credit amongst the simple People, who consult 'em upon all emergences as infallible Oracles. They have also the Care of the Schools where they teach Children to Read, Write, and Cast Accounts. What augments the veneration People has for them, is the austerity of their Life, and their fre∣quent Fastings, which are so rigorous, that sometimes they are 3 or 4 days without eating, at least they make People be∣lieve so. Mandeslo.

• Brampour, a City of the Province of Candis in the Empire of the Great Mogul. Most of its Houses are ruinous, but there is yet standing a great Castle in the middle of the City, where the Governor of that Province resides, and which is so considerable, that it is given to none but to the Kings Son or to his Uncle. But since the Wealth and Revenue of the Province of Bengala came to be known, its Government is the first of the Empire of the Great Mogul. They make at Brampour, and in all the rest of the Province, a vast quan∣tity of Cotten Cloth, which is transported into Persia, Tur∣key, Moscovia, Poland, Arabia, Great Cairo, and elsewhere; some are dyed in several colours, and imbellish'd with flow∣ers; others left all white, with a stripe or two of Gold and Silver along the piece, and at each of the two ends there is a Thread woven with Gold or Silver and Silk, with flowers; This Cloth has no outside, the one side being as fine as the other. Some of these Cloths are half Cotton, and half Gold or Silver, and these Pieces are called Ornis. Tavernier Voyage des Indes.
• * Brampton, a Market Town in Cumberland, in Eskdale Ward, not far from the Picts Wall, 225 miles from London.
• * Bramyard, a Market Town of Broxach Hundred in the East of Herefordshire, seated on the River Frome, 104 miles from London.
• Brancacie, a Family. The Family of Brancacio is of the most ancient and noble of the Kingdom of Naples, where it has produced the Branches of Brancacio Imbriachi, Brancacio del Vescavo, Brancacio del Glivolo, and Brancacio del Cardinale. It was also established in France 300 years ago, and known un∣der the name of Brancas.
• * Brancaster, Lat. Branodunum, a Town in the North-west parts of Norfolk, was of great note in the time of the Ro∣mans, who kept a Garison in it.
• Branchides, Priests of the Temple of Apollo, which was at Dydimus in Jonia, a Province of Lesser Asia, towards the Egean Sea, upon the Frontiers of Caria. The Inhabitants of Dydimus had also the same name. They opened to Xerxes the Temple of Apollo, whose Riches he took all away. After which, thinking it unsafe to stay in Greece, they fled into Sogdiana, on the other side the Caspian Sea, upon the Fron∣tiers of Persia, where they built a City, which they named Branchides; but rhey escaped not the punishment of their Crime; for Alexander having conquered Darius King of Per∣sia, and being informed of their Treachery, put 'em all to the Sword, and rased their City, punishing the impiety of the Fathers in their Posterity. Suidas, Q. Curt. l. 3.
• Brancus King of the Allobroges, the ancient People of Dau∣phiny, lived in the time of Hanibal. He was disturbed in the possession of his Kingdom by his younger Brother, who had drawn into his Party all the young People, and had al∣most banished him out of his States. Hanibal being chosen Arbitrator of this Quarrel, after he had examined the Rea∣sons on both sides, pronounced in favour of the eldest, who acknowledged his obligation in furnishing him with Provi∣sions, and all that could be necessary for his Army for the passing the Alpes. T. Liv. Q. 2.
• Brandenbourg, a Country of Germany, with the Title of Mar∣quisate, and Electorate of the Empire, betwixt Prussia, Pomera∣nia, Meklebourg, Upper and Lower Saxony, the Duchy of Bruns∣wick, and Lusatia. It is divided into three Parts, or Marches: e. i. Marquisates, Old Marche, or Altemark on the West of the Elb; the Middle or Mittelmark betwixt the Elb and the Oder; and the New Marche, or New Mark on the East of the Oder. The Elb discharges it self into the Ocean, and the Oder into the Baltick Sea; and of late there has been a great Channel made for the joyning of these two Rivers together by the Havel: So the Commerce has been facilitated, and People endea∣voured to free themselves from the Payment of the Duties of the Sound. Berlin is the Capital City of the Country, upon the Sprehe, as well as Brandenbourg, which is also a City. The others are Frankfort upon the Oder, Tangermund upon the Elbe, Seunemberg, Landspreg, Havelberg, Verben, &c. with the Fortress of Kustrin, Spandau and Peits. This Country is good and fertile, and the Inhabitants are almost all Luthe∣rans, though the Elector of Brandenbourg is a Calvinist. The Electoral Dignity is annex'd to the Marquisate; but besides that, it has the Duchies of Prussia and Cleves, with those of Crossen and Jargendorf in Silesia, the Principalities of Alberstad and Minden; the Reversion of the Duchy of Magdebourg, Lower Pomerania, with the Administration of the ••ishoprick of Camin. The five last were yielded to him by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, with the Fort of Wiltzbourg, for part of Pomerania, which he yielded to the Suedes. There are besides in the Family of Brandenbourg, the Marquisates of Culembach, Anspach, or Onspach, the County of Ravensbourg, &c. The Fortress of Rustrin, Pillau, Memel, Colberg in Pome∣rania, Driessen, The Possessions of the Elector of Brandenbourg are considerable, extending from the Duchy of Cleves unto Prussia, distant from one another the space of 200 German Miles; but his States are not united. The Family of Brandenbourg is divided into three Branches. In the Order of the Assemblies, he is the last save one of the Electors, since the Eighth Electorate hath been created. He has his Seat and Voice as Prince of Halberstad and Minden. As Duke of the farthermost Pomerania, he takes his Turn with the Duke of hithermost Pomerania, for the Suffrage which be∣longs to them in common; and as Duke of Magdebourg, he does the like with the Duke of Bremen in the Direction of the inferior Circle of Saxony, whereof he is a Member. His younger Brothers are called to the States, and give in their Opinion each apart; but they cannot definitively judge their Subjects, if the Sum exceeds 400 Florins, of the Rhine, which are about 60 l. Sterling. The Elector of Brandenbourg is Grand Chamberlain of the Empire: He has his Place on the Right-hand of the Duke of Saxony, and carries the Scepter before the Emperor. In discharging at So∣lemnities the Duty of Great Chamberlain, he rides on Horse∣back from the Hall-Door to the Cupboard, where he takes the Bason, the Ewer, and the Napkin, and then he returns af-after the same manner, and alighting, he pours out Water for the Emperor to wash his Hands. The Country of Branden∣bourg has been in times past possessed by the Teutons, the Sue∣vians, and afterwards by the Semnons or Sennonois, the Van∣dals, and the Saxons. The latter were subdued by Charle∣maign. Brandenbourg was then possessed partly by the Hene∣tians. The Emperor Henry the Fowler defeated them about the Year 927, and made Sigefroy, Count of Rifugelheim, Bro∣ther to the Empress, Marquis, that is, Governor of that Marche or Frontier. In the Marquisate of Brandenbourg, with its Dependencies, are 55 large Cities, 64 great Towns, 16 lesser Towns, 38 Castles, 17 Abbeys, and 10 large Deer-Parks. The Country produces Coral, Eagle-Stone, Plume-Allum, and other rare Stones. Authors speak differently of the Original of the Noble and Powerful Family of Branden∣bourg; for some are of Opinion that the Marquis of Baden, the Arck-Duke of Austria, and Marquis of Brandenbourg, are descended of the ancient Family of Alsace; but it's more probable that the Counts of Zolern, or Hohen Zolern in Suevia, from whom the present Elector is Lineally descended, were the Off-spring of Peter Colomne, banished out of Italy by Pope Paschal II. as being a Guelph, and endowed with large Pos∣sessions by the Emperor Henry V. in Suabia. We will begin at Conrad, Count of Zolren, who having Married Ann, Hei∣ress to the Burgrave of Nurinberg, was invested in the Burgra∣viate by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa: Frederick I. his Successor, dy'd in 1218, whose eldest Son Conrad dying without Issue, his Brother Frederick II. succeeded, who left two Sons. Conrad III. who gave all his Possessions to pious Uses, and made his three Sons Clergy-men; and Frederick III. who was succeeded by John I. and this by John II. who left Frederick V. Father of John III. Burgrave of Nurimberg, and of Frederick VI. First Elector of Brandenburg, of the Family of Zollern, who sold a great part of the Burgraviate to the City of Nurinberg; made War against Pomerania and the Hus∣sites, and against Bernard, Duke of Saxe Lawenburg. Frede∣rick II. Sirnamed Ironteeth, succeeded him, refused the Crowns of Poland and Bohemia, which was offered him, was chosen Protector of the Council of Basil in 1434; made War against Bohemia for Lusatia in 1461, and against the Duke of Pomerania, about the Succession; and in 1470, resigned his Electoral Dignity to his Brother Albert, to go into the Holy Land. This Albert, Sirnamed the Ulysses and Achilles of Ger∣many, was so Powerful, that the Emperor did nothing with∣out his Advice, which gave People occasion to say, that Al∣bert administred the Empire by the Emperor Frederick. He made a Compact of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse. His Son John, called the Great for his Stature, and the Cicero of Germany for his Eloquence, was succeeded by Joachim I. called Nestor Germanicus, a very Learned Prince, who excelled particularly in the Knowledge of Languages, Mathematicks, Astrology and History, found∣ed the University of Frankfort upon the Order, and was so zealous a Papist, that he design'd to have imprison'd Eli∣zabeth his Wife, Daughter of John, King of Denmark, for embracing Luther's Doctrine; punished 38 Jews, and one Christian; the last for selling an Hostie to the other, and them for running their Knives into it. His Son Joachim II. made open Profession of Lutheranism, was declar'd General of the Imperial Army in 1542, broke the Power of the Turks, and was poyson'd by a Jewish Doctor in 1571. John George, his Son, reveng'd his Death, banish'd the Jews out of his Dominions, renew'd the Agreement of Mutual Succession with the House of Saxony and Hesse, and dy'd in 1598. Joa∣chim Frederick, Arch-Bishop of Magdeburg, succeeded his Fa∣ther,

• and dy'd of an Apoplexy in 1608. His Son John Sigis∣mond succeeded, and in 1614 embrac'd Calvin's Doctrine, Married Ann, Eldest Daughter of Albert Frederick Duke of Prussia, and of Mary Eleanor of Cleves, by whom he had a Right to the Dukedoms of Prussia and Cleves; he dy'd in 1619. His Son George William succeeded, and at first sided with Gustavus Adolphus, but afterwards turn'd his Arms a∣gainst the Suedes,, who had possessed themselves of several Places in Pomerania: He dy'd in 1640, and was succeeded by Frederick William the Great, who for his Power in the Em∣pire, and incredible Experience of Things, was esteem'd the common Father of Germany. In a word, He was a Pious, Victorious, Just, and Merciful Prince, one of the Heros of the Age, and a zealous Asserter of the Protestant Religion. His Sister Lovisa Charlotte was Married to James Duke of Curland in 1645, and Hedwidge Sophia Married in 1649 to William Langrave of Hesse Cassel. Frederick William took to his first Wife, in 1646, Lovisa Henrietta of Nassau, Daughter to Fre∣derick Henry, Prince of Orange, and Amelia Counters of Solm. This Electoress dying in 1667, he took to his second Wife, in 1668, Dorothy of Holsace, Daughter to Philip, Duke of Hol∣sace Glucksbourg, and Widow of Christian, Duke of Lunebourg Zell: He had 13 Children by both; by the first, 1. William Henry, Born in 1648, who dy'd in 1649. 2. Charles Aemilius, born in 1655, and dy'd in 1674. 3. Frederick III. born in 1657. 4, 5. Henry and Amalia, Twins, born in 1664, but both dead. 6. Lewis, born in 1668, who Married Lovisa Charlotte Ratzivilia, dy'd Issuless in 1687. 7. Philip Willi∣am, born in 1669, gave several Proofs of Valour against the French in this present War. By the second Wife, he had 8. Maria Amilia, born in 1670, Married in 1687 to Charles, Hereditary Prince of Gustrave, who dying in 1688, she mar∣ried Maurice William, Duke of Saxony, and Administrator of Naumburg. 9. Albert Frederick; born in January 1672. 10. Charles Philip, born in 1673. 11. Elizabeth Sophia, born in 1674. 12. Dorothy, born in 1675; and 13. Christianus Lodovicus, born in 1677. Frederick William dying in 1688, his Son Frederick, the present Elector, in 1679, Married Eli∣zabeth Henrietta, Daughter of William, Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel; and she dying in 1683, he took to his second Wife, in 1684, Sophia Charlotta, Daughter of Ernest August, Bishop of Osnaburg, and Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg. By the first he had Lovisa Dorothea Sophia, born in 1680. By the Second, Frederick August, born in 1685, who dy'd the next Year; and Frederick William, born in 1688. This Elector takes the Title of Marquis of Brandenbourg, Great Chamber∣lain, and Elector of the Roman Empire, Duke of Magdebourg, Prussia, Juliers, Cleves, Mons or Berg, Stetin, Pomerania, Ce∣subia, Vandalia, Silesia, Crossen, and Jargendorff: Burgrave of Nuremburg, Duke of Rugia, Prince of Alberstad and Minden, Earl of Marche and Ravensperg, Lord of Roslein. The Colla∣teral Branches of this Family will be mentioned in their pro∣per Places. Crants. Leti.
• Brandenbourg, a Town of Germany, in the middle Marqui∣sate of Brandenbourg, to which it gives its Name, and whereof some make it the Capital. It is scituated upon the Havel, betwixt Berlin and Magdebourg. The River separates it into two Parts; the Upper, or Old, is surrounded with Walls, fortified with little round Towers; and the other, called the New, has no other Defence than that of Nature, but is considerable enough, being scituated betwixt Ponds, Mar∣shes, and a River, which carries thither great Boats coming from the Elbe. The Upper City hath great Streets, built in form of a Cross, and at the Place where they meet, a fine Market, with the Town-House. It also has on one side a Hill covered with Vines, with the Church of Our Lady, which in times past was a rich Abbey. Some say that this Town was called Brenoburgum from Breno, General of the Gauls; and others derive its Name from Brando, a Prince of the Franks, Son to Marcomirus. This City has many Priviledges granted to it by Emperors, Kings and Princes, in token whereof, there is a Statue of a Man erected in the New Town, with a naked Sword in his Right-Hand, which the Inhabitants called Rowland. It was taken by the Suedes in 1675, but re-taken again. Long. 35. 00. Lat. 52. 39. 12 Miles West of Koningsberg, and 72 from Dantzick.
• Brandenbourg, Brunsberg, or Braunsberg, a Town of Po∣land, in the Ducal Prussia, built by the late Elector of Bran∣denbourg. It is scituated upon the River Pregala, where it empties it self into the Gulph of Frisch-Haff, near that of Dantzick, and betwixt Elbing and Koningsberg.
• Brandenbourg, or Isle of Vulcan, Insula Vulcani, an Isle of the Sea of the Indies, about the Eastern Coast of New Guinea, so called, because it often vomits Fire, like Mount Aetna.
• Brandeum, a famous Name in the Ecclesiastical History, which was given to a little bit of the Cloth, wherewith the Tombs of Holy Martyrs were covered; or to a Piece of the Corporal, whereupon the Eucharist was celebrated, which was sent to those who demanded the Relick. For anciently, and in the time of St. Gregory the Great, who held the See of Rome in 600, the Bodies of Saints were not touched, but in∣stead of their Bones, a bit of this Cloth or Corporal was sent in a Box.
• * Brandinyller (John) a famous Divine, Native of Biberach, and Minister at Bale; he published 400 Funeral Sermons out of the Old Testament, and 80 out of the New; as also 40 Marriage Sermons from the Former, and 20 from the Latter, at Basil, in 1572. He dy'd in 1586, and had a Son called John James, who Commented upon the Apostles Creed, Decalogue, all the Epistles of the New Testament, as also upon the Gospels and Revelations, &c. His Son James is now Professor of Law at Basil, having published Manuductio ad jus Canonicum & Civile Dub. juridica ad Schatanum, Cata∣log. Oxon. &c.
• Brandolini (Aurelius, or Aurelio) Sirnamed Lupus, of Flo∣rence, a Monk of the Order of St. Augustin, flourished in the Fifteenth Age. He was an Historian, Orator, and Poet, and his Works got him a great Reputation. He composed a History of the Old Testament. De humanae vitae conditione & toleranda Corporis aegritudine. De ratione scribendi Epistolas Paradoxa Christiana, &c. He dedicated his last Treatises to Matthias Corvin, King of Hungary. They were since Printed at Bâle, in the Year 1498.
• * Brandon (Charles) Duke of Suffolk, was the Son of Sir Wil∣liam Brandon, slain at Bosworth Battel in Henry the Seventh's Service, by the Hands of Richard III. being brought up with Henry's Son, and Successor, he grew very intimate with him, which the Sympathy of their active Spirits improved into a firm Friendship. Being imployed to bring over Queen Dowager Frances, the King's Sister, and Lewis the XII's Wi∣dow, he won her Affection, and Marry'd her, without the King's Privacy or Consent, and then most humbly besought him to give way to the Match, which he did, after some State Form. When the King's Divorce with his first Queen Catherine of Spain was on foot, the Duke being vexed at the Delays of Rome, and the Cardinals Delusions at Bridewell, though they proceeded according to their Instructions, rose in a Passion, and said, That England ever fared the worse since Cardinals had any thing to do with it. And from that time forward endeavoured to his utmost, the abolishing the Pope's Power, and weakning his Party in England; as for his Prince's Favours, he us'd them with so much Moderati∣on, that he disoblig'd none. He dy'd in 1544, leaving two Sons, Henry and Charles, who dy'd six years after of the Sweating Sickness, and two Daughters, whereof Jane, the Eldest, eminent for her Vertue, Piety, Wit, and Learning, was, much against her Will, proclaimed Queen of England, upon the Decease of King Edward VI. who, before his Death, had been prevailed upon to exclude his two Sisters, and settle, by Will, the Crown upon her and her Heirs; for which, she, her Husband, and John Dudley his Father, Duke of Northumberland, suffered Death in the Reign of Queen Mary.
• * Brandon, or Brandon Ferry, a Market Town of Lackford Hundred, in the North West of Suffolk, scituated on the South Side of the little Ouse, with a Bridge over it, 64 Miles from London.
• * Brankley, a small Island belonging to Dorsetshire, about four Miles South of Pool, just at the Entrance of an Inlet of the Sea into that County; also called by the Name of Pool.
• Brantosme, or Brantolmi Brantosme, and Brantosomum. It is an Abbey of France, with a Borough in Perigord, upon the small River of Droune, which receives there the Colle. It is believ'd that Charlemaign was the Founder of it.
• Braquemont (Robert of) Admiral of France, provided with this Charge in 1417, was sent by Charles VI. King of France, to the Succor of John II. King of Castile, against the Moors, whom he defeated at Sea. Jerome Surita, who calls him Robin of Braquemont, saith, That Henry III. King of Castile, suffered him, in 1401, to Conquer the Canaries, in consideration of his Services in the Wars against Portugal; and that Braquemont resign'd the Commission thereof to John of Bethencourt, Baron of St. Martin le Gaillard, his Kinsman. See Bethencourt.
• Brasckou, or Braskovia, a Town of Valachia, has in former times the Title of a Bishoprick. It is scituated at the Foot of the Mountains, about the Frontiers of Molda∣via and Transilvania.
• Brasidas, a General of the Lacedemonians, lived in the XXXIX. Olympiade, about 424, before Christ. He deseated the Athenians by Sea and Land, took several Places in Thrace and elsewhere, so that his Fame rendered his Country terri∣ble to all that made War against it. Dying soon after his Victory over the Athenians, who were going to surprize Amphipolis; the Inhabitants of that City bury'd him with all imaginable Magnificence, and erected a stately Tomb for him in the middle of the Publick Place. His Mother an∣swered with so much Modesty, to those who spoke to her of his Valor, that the Ephori decreed publick Honours for her, because she had preferred the Glory of her Country to the Praise of her Son. He was kill'd in the Year 332 of Rome. Cleo, General of the Athenians, perished in the same Fight. Thucydides, Plutarch.
• Brasil, See Bresil.
• Braslaw, a Town of Poland in Lithuania, with a pretty good Castle. It is scituate below Wilna, about the Frontier of 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• and the Parliaments Forces, in which the King's Side got the Reputation of a Victory; more than the Effect thereof, two years after this, the King created Patrick Ruthen, then Earl of Forth in Scotland, Earl of Brentford, which Title was extinct with him.
• Brentius, or Brentzen (John) a Protestant Minister, and one of the faithfulest Disciples of Luther, was Native of Will, a small Borough of Suabia, where he was Born in 1499. He studied at Heidelberg with Melancthon and Bucer. The Reading of Luther's Books, and some Conversations that he had with the Chief of the Protestants, convinced him, so that he Preach∣ed that Doctrine publickly. He Married a young Widow, named Margaret Greterine, and Preach'd and Writ against the Celibacy of the Clergy and the Mass. Christopher, Son to Uric, Duke of Wirtemberg, made him his ordinary Counsellor, loaded him with Riches, and mentioned him on all Occasi∣ons as a Man for whom he had a particular Esteem. Bren∣tius had a Hand in all the great Affairs of his Time, con∣cerning Religion, and therefore his Life was sought after by the Emperor Charles V. He was Head of the Party after Luther's Death, about 1550. He lost his Wife, by whom he had 4 Children. He Married another, Named Katharine Isemmane, by whom he had twelve. Brentius composed two or three Confessions of Faith; he was called to several Con∣ferences about uniting the Lutherans and Calvinists, and died September the 11th 1570, aged 72. We have several Works of his in eight Volumes. He is looked upon as the Patriarch of the Ubiquitaries.
• * Bresch, an ancient Town built by the Romans, upon the Mediterranean Sea (37 Leagues East of Oran, and 20 West of Algier, in the Kingdom of Tremisen) which containeth ma∣ny Inhabitants, most of them Weavers. The Inhabitants had a Custom to make a Black Cross on their Forehead and Hands, as they did also at Bugia and Algier in our Author's time, who saith, it is a Remainder of Christianity, though they are now Mahometans. It has Plenty of Figs, Barly and Flax. This Town was conquered by Barbarossa the Turk, when he took Tremisen, in 1534, which occasioned the Expe∣dition of Charles V the next year into Barbary, where he de∣feated Barbarossa in a Battel. Leo African.
• Bresil, or Brasil, a great Country of Southern America, lying on the Sea, from the River of the Amazones unto the Provinces of Paraguey. Its Coast is in Form of a great half Circle, of near 12000 Leagues, and the Sea waters it on three sides. Alvarez Cabral was the first who discovered this Country, in 1501, having been driven thither by a Tem∣pest, and erected a Pillar with the Arms of the King of Por∣tugal his Master, and Americus Vespucius discovered it after∣terwards more exactly. The People there are all naked, they neither Sow nor Reap, but live by Hunting, and upon the Fruits, which the Land produceth abundantly of its own accord. They eat their Enemies, whom they take, rather to satisfie their Revenge, than their Taste; they have no Prince, no Laws, little Religion, and several amongst them did not think that there was a God before they learned it from the Europeans. Those in the Heart of the Country are still unknown, and have mutual Wars: Modern Relations name a hundred Sorts of these People, which is but a few, in regard of those we know not. The most famous, and best known, are the Margajas, the Toubinambours, the Morpious, Cariges, Tobajares, Paraibas, Ouetacas, the Petiguares, &c. The Portugues have rendered themselves Masters of what they found most pleasing and commodious along the Coast, where they established divers Goverments, which they call Captainships. There are now 14 of them along the Coast, from the River of the Amazones to Paraguay; to wit, Tama∣raca the most ancient, Bahia de todas los Sanctos, the most fa∣mous, Pernambuco, Paras Maraham, Ciara, Rio Grande, Pa∣raiba, Seregippe, Los Isleos, Porto Seguro, Spiritu Sancto, Rio Janeiro, and St. Vincent. The principal Cities of Bresil, are Salvador of the Bahia, De Todos los Sanctos, Olinda of Pernam∣buco, Puerto Seguro, St. Sebastian of Rio Janeiro, Spirito Sancto, Siera and others, which bear the Name of Captainships. This Country, which gives Name to the sort of Wood which we call Brasil, and which it abundantly furnishes, was called the Country of the Holy Cross, when Alvarez Cabral discovered it the first time in 1501. Though it is under the Torid Zone, the Air is nevertheless temperate enough, and the Waters excellent: And some Relations assure us, that these People live to 150 years. They are of a middle Sta∣ture, have big Heads, large Shoulders, reddish Complexion, brown Skin, and value nothing so much as War and Re∣venge. They divert themselves by Hunting, Fishing, and Feasting. The Mandiache, a kind of Root, serves for Bread, and the Cumin serves for Malt to brew Drink; salt or smoak'd Flesh, or Fish, are their delicious Dainties. They also eat Serpents, Adders, Toads, &c. which are there without Poyson. They Comb all their Body, upon which they leave no Hair, no, not so much as upon their Eye∣brows; but a Crown only round about their Heads. They put to their Under-Lips, or Cheeks some little Bone very well polished, or a small Stone, which they esteem highly. Others cut their Skin in various Figures, and mix certain Colours which never wear out. They make themselves Caps, Neck-Laces, Cloaks, Girdles and Bracelets of Fea∣thers of divers Colours. The Women do commonly let their Hair hang over their Shoulders. The Soil is more proper for Fruits, Pastures and Pulse, than for the Grains and Vines of Europe; so that they have abundance of sorts of Pulse, Fruit-Trees, Herbs, Beasts, Birds, and Fish, al∣together unknown to us. They make great Advantages of their Palm-trees. The Wood of Bresil comes from their Ara∣boutan, which is a thick Tree without Fruit. Here are also some Mines of Gold, but many more of Silver. Here are also Saffron, Cotton, Red Wood, Lacca, Balsam, Tobacco, some Ambergreese, and Mines of Jasper, with White and Red Cry∣stal, and a very great quanty of Sugar, and amongst other sorts, that of Candi or Canti, whereof so great an Esteem is made, takes Name from this Place, and neither from its Whiteness, nor from the Isle of Candia, as has been thought. There is moreover such a diversity of Tongues amongst the People of Bresil, that Jarric assures us, that in his time, there were 60 different sorts. Those who remain among the Portuguees are almost all Christians, and inhabit the Al∣dees, which are Villages consisting of no more than four or five Houses, but so long, that they will contain more than 800 Persons each.
• Breslaw upon the Oder, a Town of Germany, Capital of Silesia, and of a particular Duchy, with a Bishoprick Suffra∣gant of Gnesn, about 1033 or 35. The Latin Authors call it Uratislavia Budorgis, and Butorigum. It is one of the great∣est and fairest of all Germany, and became considerable since the Eleventh Age. In 1109, Boleslas III. King of Poland, defeated the Emperor Henry V. there. It suffered much in the 13th Age by the Incursions of the Tartars, who burned it almost to the Ground, and it has been twice since almost destroyed by Fire, to which it is very subject, as being built mostly of Wood. The Emperor Charles IV. who lov'd Breslaw, enlarged it, and gave great Priviledges to the In∣habitants, especially in 1348, when he himself came to that City. Venceslaus, his Son, augmented those Priviledges, and they say he gave occasion to the great Mischief which hap∣ned there afterwards, by the Mis-understandings of the In∣habitants, and principally in 1418. The Emperor Sigis∣mund, Brother to Venceslaus, caused 22 of the Ringleaders of the Sedition to be punished; and since that time this City became extreamly flourishing. In the Sixteenth and Seven∣teenth Ages it had a share in the Evils which afflicted Ger∣many, during the Wars about Religion. Divers of its Inha∣bitants are Protestants, and the Emperors have been obliged to grant them particular Priviledges, by the 13th Article of the Treaty of Westphalia. The River of Oder serves both for a Rampart and Ornament, and Conveniency for Trade to Breslaw, because of the Marchandise which is carried thither from all Parts. It is watered on the other side by the little River Olan, which falls there into the Oder. Here are great Market-places, long and large Streets, fair Houses, and magnificent Churches. The Town-House, built in one of these Markets, is one of the fairest Buildings of Germany, with a Clock, and an admirable Consort of Trumpets, after the Manner of the Country. Near to this, are three great Halls, where the richest Merchants have their Warehouses and Shops. The New Market, and the Salt-Market are al∣so very fine Places. The finest Churches are those of St. Magdalen and St. Elizabeth, which are in the Hands of the Protestants. The Cathedral of St. John is in a Suburb of that Name, with a Collegial called that of the Holy Cross. There are also some Religious Houses of Augustins, Franciscans and Jesuits, who have a fine Colledge there. Breslaw is very strong, and of an admirable Scituation. The Inhabitants themselves keep Guard in it; and though it depends on the Emperor, with the rest of Silesia, yet it is governed as a Common-Wealth. It stands 120 Miles North East of Prague, 130 North West of Cracow, and 170 North of Vienna.
• Bresse, a Province of France, betwixt the Rivers of Sone, Seille, Rhone, and Ains. The latter is on the East of it, the Rhone on the South, the Sone on the West, and the Seille on the North. It is in length about 16 Leagues, reaching from Montsymond unto Caluire near Lyons; and runs in breadth, from St. Lawrencc near Macon, to the Port of Serrieres, upon the River of Ains. The Rhone which this Country has on the East and South, seperates it from Savoy and Dauphine; The Sone seperates it from the Dutchy of Burgundy, Beaujoulois, and Lyonnois; and Franche-Compte lies to the North of it; having besides a corner of Switzerland at the East. This situation made Guichenon believe, that this is the Isle in the form of Delta, so plentiful in Wheat, through which Ha∣nibal passed going to Italy, as is described by Polybius; but others are not of this sentiment. Bresse is fertil in Corn and Hemp; it has also Vines, and a great deal of Game and Fishing. There are several Rivers and Ponds, which make the Country unwholsome in some places. It is divided into Upper and Lower. The first is on the side of Bourg, Capital of the Province; and the lower about the Sone on the side of St. Trivier and the Bridge of Veaux. Bresse was part of Gaul, under the protection of the Autunois when Caesar conquered it. About 408 or 10, it became subject to the Kingdom of Burgundy, until about 530 that it was united to France. In

• the 9th Age it made part of the Kingdom of Arles, and af∣terwards of Burgundy beyond the Jura. But about a hun∣dred or six score years after, it was subjected to divers Lords, and chiefly to four, viz. the Sires of Bauge, Coligny, Villars, and of Montluel. They possessed divers Lands which came in reversion to the House of Savoy by the Marriage of Sy∣billa Lady of Bauge. King Francis I. believing he had law∣ful pretentions to it by Ludovica of Savoy his Mother, and ha∣ving besides some just reason to complain of Charles III. Duke of Savoy, who refused to render him Homage for Faucigny, and to give him an account why he usurped the County of Nice; This King, I say, conquered Bresse in 1535, and it was subjected to France, under the Reign of this Monarch and Henry II. his Son, until the Peace of Chateau-Cambresis in 1559, that it was restored to Emmanuel-Philibert Duke of Savoy. This Duke died in 1580, leaving Charles Emmanuel his Son, who taking advantage of France, during the Wars of the League, in 1587 seized the Marquisate of Salusses. King Henry the Great when in Peace demanded satisfaction, which the Duke promised in 1598, but not keeping his word, the King was obliged to take Arms, at which time he carried Bresse, and almost all Savoy. Pope Clement VII. being urgent to put an end to this War, sent the Cardinal Aldobrandin to his Majesty at Lyons, where a Peace was con∣cluded Jan. 17. 1601 and the King had for the Marquisate of Salusses, Bresse, Bugey, Valromey, and the Bayliwick of Gexo. So that a great Politician of that time, speaking of this Peace, said, that the King had dealt like a Merchant, and the Duke like a Prince. Sieur Guichenon.
• Bresse, a Town of Italy in Lumbardy upon the Gotzo near the Mela, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Milan. It was the Country of the ancient Cenomani, who came thither from Gallia-Transalpina. The Inhabitants name it Brescia, and the Latins Brixia. Authors speak differently of its Foundation, though they agree that it was built by the Gauls, and afterwards subdued by the Romans. St. Apollinaris of Ravenna Preached the Gospel there the first; Attila ruined it; and it was immediately after rebuilt about 452. It was afterwards under the Lumbards, Charlemaigne, the Kings of Italy, and at last it became free. The Emperor Henry VI. carried it after a long Siege, and it suffered great hardships, during the Faction of the Guelphs and Gibelins. The Dukes of Milan became Masters of it, until such time as this City surrendred it self to the Venetians, and afterwards to King Leuis XII. in 1509. and Francis I. delivered it again to the Venetians, who now possess it. As it is a Frontier City, it is defended with a strong Castle, good Ramparts, and an Arsenal very well furnished. The Castle is built upon a Hill, whence it commands the City, which has fine Churches, a fine Town-House, and divers Rivulets of clear Water which run in the Streets. The Bishop of Bresse has the Title of Duke, Marquiss, and Earl; and there is kept in the Cathedral a Cross or Oriflame, alledged to be that which appeared to Constantin. Bresse is pretty large, and has about 50000 Inhabitants. It is the Capital of the small Country called Le Bressan, and by the Italians Il Bressiano, which com∣prehends from the North to the South all between Valtebina and the River Oglio, and from the West to the East what is betwixt the Lake of Isco. * Dr. Burnet assures us, it is now a great Town, and full of Trade and Wealth; and that in it are made the best Barrils of Pistols and Musquets in all Italy. The Citadel lies over the Town on a Rock, and commands it absolutely. This place is Governed by a Podesta sent yearly from Venice.
• Bressici, a City and Palatinate of Poland in Polesia, situat∣ed upon the River Buge or Bug, and has a pretty good Castle, being the most considerable of Polesia, towards the Frontiers of Polakia and Black Russia.
• Brest, or Brezsti, Brestia, a Town of the Kingdom of Poland in Cujavia. It is pretty well built, with a good Castle, in a marshy place, near Uladislaw and the Vistula. Here was a Council celebrated in 1595 for the Union of the Greeks of Lithuania with the Latine Church, and ano∣ther in 1620 on the same account. This Town stands 110 miles East of Warsaw.
• Brest, a Town of France in Britain, with a good Har∣bour. It is the Brivates Portus, Gesocribate or Gesobrivate of the Latins. The Town is situated on the descent of a Hill by the Haven, whose entrance is defended by a good Castle built upon a Rock. It lies in a Bay where the Sea enters by four different places, and Ships may Ride there at An∣chor the whole year. It is the Magazine of the Admiralty of France, for the Ships which Trade upon the Ocean. It is 125 miles W. of Rennes, 120 S. W. of St. Malo, and 320 W. of Paris.
• Brest, a Colony of Northern America in New France or Canada. It lies in the most Southerly place of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, towards Belle-Isle, in the Country called New Britain.
• Breteuil, a small Town of France in Upper-Normandy, situated upon the little River of Iton, near a Pond, betwixt Aigle, Evreux, and Verneuil. Henry II. Duke of Normandy, &c. King of England, gave this Town to Robert of Montfort, which his Sister Amicia sold in 1210 to King Philip Augustus. Afterwards it fell to the lot of Charles King of Navarre•• who yielded it in 1410 to King Charles VI. who gave him other Lands for it.
• * Brewood, a Market Town of Cudleston Hundred in the West of Staffordshire; before the Conquest the Bishops of this Diocess had their Palace here; it is 107 m. from London.
• Briancon, a Town of France in the Mountains of Dau∣phine, capital of a small Country called the Bayliwick of Briancon or Brianconois. It is built at the bottom of a Rock, upon which there is a Castle; and it is esteemed, by reason of its situation, the highest Town of Europe. Two small Rivers meet below this Town, viz. the Dure and Ance which give Name and Original to the Durance. Strabo and Ptolomey give that of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to Briançon, which the Itinerary of Antoninus names Brigantium, and Ammianus Marcellinus Vir∣gantia. About two Leagues from this Town there is a great Rock cut open which the Inhabitants name Pertius Rostang. Some Authors have believed that Julius Caesar caused this Rock to be opened at his coming into Gaul. Others do think that it was this same Rock that Hannibal cut with Fire and Vinegar, to make a commodious passage through it for his Elephants. And others maintain, that it was K. Cottius who caused this Gate to be wrought out, to please Augustus, whose Statue he set on the top of it. Briancon is an ancient City, and became considerable in the Twelfth Age. In the last Century it was in the hands of the Leaguers, who con∣sidered it as a Town of importance; and the Lord Lesdi∣guieres, afterwards Constable of France, took it from them in 1590. This Town is sine enough, if we consider its si∣tuation upon the Mountains; it has a Bailiwick, a fine Church, and 3 Monasteries. It has also produced Men of Learning, and amongst others the famous Oronce Fine, one of the most Learned Mathematicians of his time. This Town stands 22 miles North East of Ambrun, 36 West of Pignerol. Chorier. Hist. Dauphine.
• Brianeon or Brianconnet, a Village of Provence in the Dio∣cess of Glandeves. Divers Medals of Gold, Silver, and Brass, which are found in it every day, with a great many Inscriptions, do witness that this place has been more con∣siderable in times past then now; and that which perswades me of it, is, that in some of these Inscriptions these words are to be found, Ordo Brig. F. C. to wit, Ordo Brigantium or Brigantinus fieri curavit. The Curious do know, that this name Ordo was not given but to great Cities, which had the Three Orders, of the Senate, the Soldiery, and the People.
• Briancon, or Fort Brianconnet, a Castle of Savoy, in the Country of Tarantaise. It is built upon a Rock along the Isere, about a League below Montiers. There is also a Vil∣lage of this name. Some Authors believe, that the Castle of Briancon has given its name to the House of Briancon in Dauphine, which is Noble and Ancient, and hath been fertil in illustrious Men.
• Briare upon the Loire, a small Town of France in great Beauce, or, as others say, in the Government of Orleance, or particularly in Gastinois. Latin Authors name it Brivodurum, Bridoborum, and Breviodurus. It gives its name to the Canal which joins the Loire and Seine by means of the Loire. It was undertaken in the beginning of this Age, and it was ended under the Reign of Lewis the Just, by the care of Cardinal Richelieu. Briare suffered much during the Civil Wars of the League. There was a Battle fought near this place in 1650, by the Kings Troops and those of the Princes. Briare stands 37 miles South East of Orleans.
• St. Brice, a Bishop of Tours, succeeded St. Martin in that See, as it is related by Gregory Bishop of the same place in the 2d and 10th Book of his History. Brice was Deacon of the Church of Tours in St. Martin's Life time, and was wont to laugh at that good Man, and call him a doating and silly Fellow. St. Martin Believing he spake thus, rather out of Indiscretion and Lightness of Mind than Malice, was not at all offended, but foretold that he should succeed in the Bi∣shoprick, and should undergo a great many Crosses therein. In effect, Thirty three years after his Promotion to the E∣piscopacy, he was accused of having debauched a Nun, and to have got her with Child. When she was brought to Bed, the People were going to Stone Brice, as guilty of this Crime. But he, to shew his Innocency, caused the Child, who was but thirty days old, to be brought to him, and in presence of all the People, adjured him, by the Son of God, to declare, if it was true that he himself was his Father: To which the Child is said to have answered, That it was not true. The Peo∣ple not satisfied with this, would oblige Brice to make him de∣clare who was the Father: To which he answered, That this did not concern him, and that, if they had any thing to propose to the Child, they might interrogate him. Where∣upon the People told him, That he made the Child speak by Witchcraft, and protested, that they would no more ac∣knowledge him for their Bishop. Brice, to purge himself still better, put burning Coals in his Gown, and closing them to his Stomach, carried them unto St. Martin's Tomb, after which he shewed that his Cloaths had not been enda∣maged by the Fire. But the People grew still more obsti∣nate, and having driven him from his See, set up in his room one Justinian. Brice withdrew to Rome, and lived 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• the Name of German Ocean: And Westward from Ireland, where it has the Name of Irish Sea, otherwise known by that of St. George's Channel. It's scituate under the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Climes; so that the longest Day in the most Southern Parts of it, is 16 Hours at least; and in the most Northern Parts 18, not reckoning the long Twi-light these have after Sun-set, insomuch that there is scarce any Night at all about the time of the Summer Solstice. The whole Length of this great and famous Island, is reckoned from North to South about 600 Miles; the Breadth Various, by reason of the Crooks and Bendings of the Sea-Coast. But where it is broadest, as towards the Channel, it reaches a∣bout 270 Miles. The Name of Britain is most probably de∣rived from Brit, which in the ancient British, signifies Paint∣ed, and the Word Tuin a Nation; so that Britain by this In∣terpretation does denote a painted Nation, or Nation of paint∣ed Men, agreeable unto the Custom of the ancient Britains, who, to appear the more terrible to their Enemies, used to paint and discolour their Bodies. It was also anciently call∣ed Albion, most probable from the Latin Albus White, by reason of the white Chalky Clifts that appear along its Coast. It's at present divided into 3 Principal Parts, England, Scotland and Wales, in the Description whereof, you will find that of Great Britain.
• Britannicus, Son to the Emperor Claudius and Messalina, was excluded from the Empire, whereof he was presumptive Heir, after his Father had married Agrippina. This Prin∣cess put her Son Nero upon the Throne, and caused Britanni∣cus to be poysoned during the Saturnalia, in the 55th year of the Christian Era. Tacitus, Sucton. Nero.
• * British Sea, Mare Britannicum, by the French called La Manche, because it resembles a Sleeve, is the known Sea be∣twixt England and France, extending, according to Pomponius Mela, to the Islands of Sain and Oismions.
• Britomare, or Viridomare, Chief of the Insubrian Gauls, who inhabited about Milan, was overcome by the Consul Marcellus in 532 of Rome, as he was ready to Vow, that he would not put off his Belt before his Army had taken Rome, and Scal'd the Capitolium. Florus, Polybius, Orosius.
• Britomartis, a Nymph of Crete, Daughter to Jupiter and Charmea, was, say the Poets, much beloved of Diana; being one day a Hunting, she happened to fall into the Nets, and seeing her self in danger of being devoured by some wild Beast, she had recourse to that Goddess, who disingaged her. Britomartis, to shew her Acknowledgment, built a Temple in Honour of Dyctin Diana, that is, the Goddess of Nets: for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Greek, signifies a Net. Others say, That Britomartis invented the Nets whereof Hunters make use, which got her the Sirname of Dyctin, whence some have taken her for Diana. It is thought she was beloved by Mi∣nos King of Crete, and that seeing she could not shun his Em∣braces but by flight, she flung her self headlong into the Sea from the top of a Rock. Diodorus, Hesychius, Solin, Scaliger.
• Brive-la-Gaillarde, a Town of France, in the Lower Li∣mosin, towards the Frontiers of Quercy, within two or three Leagues of Tulle, and five or six from Sarlat. It is seated upon the River Coureza, and hence it is that the Latin Au∣thors name it Briva Curretia. Brive is an ancient Town, Gregory of Tours makes mention of it often: It's in this Town that Gombaud, called Ballomer, who pretended to be Bastard to King Clotaire I. got himself Crowned in 584; having heard of the Death of Chilperic I. Brive has a Seneschal See, and beautiful Churches, amongst which there is a Col∣legial, and two Parish Churches, &c. Though it is not spa∣cious, yet it is so pleasant, that it is believed it has from thence the Name of Gaillarde. Its Territory is Fertile▪ beau∣tified on all sides with fine Landskips, formed by the Inter∣mixture of Meadows, Vineyards, stately Woods and Or∣chards. Gregory of Tours, Du Chesne.
• Brixen, or Bressenon, or Brixino Brixina, and Brixinum, a Town of Germany in Tyrol, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Saltzbourg. It stands at the Foot of the Mountains, upon the River Aisech, which receives there the Rienez. This Ri∣ver divides Brixen into two Parts, the greatest of which has two or three fine Streets, with the Cathedral Church, divers Market-places, and very neat Walking Courts, or Piazza's; yet the Town is not well Peopled, its Inhabitants being only a few Merchants, who live there for the Conveniency of Traf∣fick, It being a Pass from Italy into Germany. Its Bishop has good strong Places, viz. Brauneck, a Castle in Tyrol, up∣on the River of Riantz, and Feldex or Fels, a Castle in Car∣niola. He has great Officers as well as the Bishop of Bam∣berg; to wit, the Duke of Bavaria for Marshal, the Duke of Carinthia for Chamberlain, the Duke of Meran for Cup-bearer, and the Duke of Suabia for Steward of his Houshold: But these Officers have Vicars to officiate for them at the Consecration and Entrance of the new Bishop. This Town stands 25 Miles East of Tyrol, and 48 of Trent.
• Brizo, Goddess of Dreams, adored in times past in the Isle of Delos. Her Offerings were Cockboats filled with all sorts of Goods except Fish. She is so named from the old Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies to sleep. Cocl.
• Broitzchia, a Town of the Kingdom of Guzurate, in the Empire of the Great Mogul, in India on this side the Ganges, within 12 Leagues of Surate. It is built upon an indifferent high Mountain, and is one of the strongest places of the Indies. All the Country about it is flat and even, except some Mountains, 5 or 6 Leagues from the City, out of which Mountains very fine Agat is drawn, which they make Cups of, and several other Works that are carried to Cambaye.
• * Bromley, Paget's Bromley, a Market Town on the Blithe in Staffordshire, 101 m. from London.
• * Bromley, a Market Town of Bromley Hundred in the N. W. of Kent, seated upon the Ravensbourn, which from hence runs Northward into the Thames, and is noted for its fair Colledge founded by Dr. Warner Bishop of Rochester, for 20 Clergy-men's Widows. In which each has convenient Lodgings, and 20 l. per Annum Rent-Charge duly paid, be∣sides a Chaplain for Publick Devotions provided with fair Lodgings and 50 l. a year. Hard by this Town is a fine Summer Seat for the Bishop of Rochester. It's 10 miles from London.
• * Bromes-Grove, a Market Town in Worcestershire in Half∣shire Hundred, upon the Banks of the River Salwerp, well inhabited by Clothiers, 82 miles from London.
• Bronchorst, a Town of the Low-Contreys in the Province of Gueldres, with the Title of a County: It is situated on the right hand of the Issel, within half a League of Zutphen.
• Bronsbroo or Broemsebroo, Bronsbroa, a Burrough of Swede∣land in Ostro-Gothia, famous by the Treaty of Peace which was concluded there the 13th of July 1645, betwixt the Kings of Swedeland and Denmark. By this Treaty the King of Denmark obliged himself to restore Jempterland and He∣rendal to Swedeland, to yield to that Crown for ever the Isles of Gothland and Oesel, with the Province of Holland for 30 years.
• Bronteus, one of the names which the Greek Antiquity gave to Jupiter; from the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that signifies Thun∣der, whence it comes that the Latins call him Thundering Jupiter. Some have given the same name to Bacchus, because of the Noise and Quarrels which Drunkenness occasions. Blondus, Flavius, Lib. 1. of his Triumphing Rome saith, that Bacchus was called Father Liber, and Brontin. The Ancients used in their publick Games an Engin called Brontea, because it imitated the noise of the Thunder, by the means of a large Copper Vessel which was hidden under the Theater, and in which Stones were roul'd. Festus calls this Machin, the Claudian Thunder, from the name of Claudius Pulcher who was the Inventor of it.
• Brosse or de Broche (Peter la) was born in Touraine, of low Extraction, but he had a great deal of Wit, becoming very expert in Chirurgery. He came to St. Lewis his Court, where he was immediately receiv'd Chirurgeon to Philip of France, afterwards King under the name of Philip III. Sir∣named the Bold, who when he mounted the Throne, he made La Brosse his Chamberlain, and suffered himself to be governed altogether by him, which rendered the Favourite so insolent, that he made an attempt upon the Persons of the Princes and Great Lords of the Kingdom. He poysoned Lewis of France in 1276, eldest Son to King Philip III. by Isabeau of Aragon his first Wife, and endeavoured to per∣swade the King, that Queen Mary of Brabant, his second Wife, was the Author of it, to bring some of her own Chil∣dren to the Crown. His Ambition made him commit seve∣ral other Crimes which came to the Kings knowledge, where∣upon he assembled his Counsel at Vincennes, where it was re∣solved to seize La Brosse, who being tried in presence of some Barons, he was condemned to be Hanged, and his Goods to be confiscated to the King, which was executed in 1276. The Duke of Burgundy, the Duke of Brabant, the Earl of Artois, and several other Lords were willing to see this Execution, and there were a great many Gentlemen to whom the death of this wicked Man was very acceptable, because he had served them ill turns with the King.
• Brosses (Francis Sanchez des) in Latin Sanctius Brocencis, was the most famous Grammarian of Spain towards the end of the last Age. Lipsius calls him the Mercury and Apollo of Spain. Scioppius used to say, that he was a Divine Man. That of his Works which made most noise, is his Treatise of the Causes of the Latin Tongue, or of Minerva, which got him the Title of Father of the Tongue, and Instructor of the Learn'd. He wrote a Book Entituled, The Art of Speak∣ing, and of the manner of interpreting the Authors. Nicol. Antoine, Biblioth. Hispan.
• Brower, a Streight of Southern America, in the Magel∣lanick Sea, about the Island called Statenland, which parts it from the Streight of Le Maire. It was discovered about the year 1643 by the Dutch, under the conduct of one Brower who gave his name to it.
• Brower Shaven, a small Town of Zeland in the Island of Schouwen with a Sea Port. It is within two Leagues of Zir∣cizea, rich and well peopled.
• * Brown (Francis) Viscount Montague came to this Title An. 1629, upon the decease of his Father Anthony, Grand∣son of that Anthony, who being Grandchild of the Lady Lucy,

• one of the Daughters and Co-Heirs of John Nevill Marquiss Montague, was by Q. Mary created Viscount Montague in 1554, whereupon he was by Order of Parliament sent with Tho. Thurlby Bishop of Ely to the Pope, for reducing of this Realm to an Union with the Church of Rome. And in the second year of Q. Elizabeth, upon the grand Dispute in Parliament for abolishing the Popes Supremacy, and restor∣ing it to the Crown, he was the only Person, who with the Earl of Shrewsbury, then voted against it. Yet as he was a Person of Integrity, and that what he did was not out of Faction, but Zeal to his Religion, he was employed by the Q. as Ambassador into Spain. He was also one of the Peers who sat upon the Trial of Mary Q. of Scots. By Jane his first Wife he had Issue Anthony his Son and Heir who died before him, so that his Estate and Title fell immediately from him to his Grandson Anthony the Father of the present Vis∣count, who by Elizabeth Daughter to Henry late Marquiss of Worcester has Two Sons, and a Daughter Married to Christo∣pher Lord Tenham. The said Anthony who first got the Title was Grandson of Sir Thomas Brown Treasurer of the Hous∣shold to King Henry VI. who had two Sons, George from whom Sir Adam Brown of Beckworth in Surrey is descended, and Anthony who was made Standard-Bearer to K. Henry VII which Anthony dying, left amongst his other Issue Anthony his eldest Son, from whom the Title is devolved to Francis the present Viscount.
• * Bruce (Thomas) Earl of Ailesbury in Buckinghamshire, is the second Earl of that Title devolv'd to him by Inheritance from his Father Robert Bruce Baron of Skelton, Viscount Bruce of Ampthill, and Earl of Ailesbury by K. Charles II. An. 1664. This Honourable Family derives its known Original from Robert de Bruce, who coming in with William the Conqueror was endowed with several Castles and Mannors, particularly that of Skelton in Yorkshire, from which time it still flourish'd more and more till at last it gave Two Kings to the King∣dom of Scotland, viz. Robert and David Bruce, the last where∣of was the very immediate K. before the Kingdom of Scot∣land came into the Family of the Stuarts in the Person of Robert Sirnamed Stuart. Upon the coming of King James to enjoy the Crown of England, An. 1603. amongst many other worthy Persons that came with his Majesty, was Ed∣ward Bruce of Kinloss, who being a Man of great Parts, had the Office of Master of the Rolls conferr'd upon him for Life, and was afterwards made a Baron of Scotland by the Title of Lord Bruce of Kinloss. He left Two Sons, Edward and Thomas, and a Daughter named Christian, who was Mar∣ried to William Earl of Devonshire, Grandfather to the present Earl of that name; Edward had the hard fate to be kill'd in a Duel by Sir Edward Sackvile Knight of the Bath, after∣wards Earl of Dorset, whereupon Thomas his Brother became his next Heir, who was by King James created Earl of El∣gin in Scotland, An. 1612. and by King Charles I. a Baron of England by the Title of Lord Bruce of Whorton in Yorkshire, An. 1663. Dying he left his Honours and Estate to Robert his Son and Heir by Anne his first Wife, who, as its before said, was created Earl of Ailesbury by King Charles II. He Married Diana Daughter to Henry Earl of Stamford, by whom he had 8 Sons and 8 Daughters, part whereof are now living. About the beginning of the late Kings Reign he was made Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold in the room of the Earl of Arlington deceased, but dying soon after, he left for his Successor to his Estate and Titles the present Earl his 6th Son, but eldest alive. Dugdale.
• Bruchsal, a Town of Germany in the Circle of the Upper-Rhine, and Bishoprick of Spire, subject to that Bishop, situate on the River Saltza, 6 miles South East of Philipsburg, and 12 North East of Durlach.
• * Brudencl (Robert) Earl of Cardigan, is the second Earl that has born this Title, deriv'd to him from his Father Tho∣mas Lord Brudenel of Stanton-Wivel in the County of Leicester, who was created Earl of Cardigan by King Charles II. An. 1661. This Family, whose chief Seat for divers Ages has been at Dene in the East part of Northamptonshire, fetches its descent from that Robert Brudenel who became one of the Kings Serjeants in the Reign of Henry VII. and Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas in the next succeeding Reign. Robert had Issue Sir Tho. Brudenel, succeeded by his Son Robert, and he by the aforesaid Thomas Father of the present E. which Thomas was one of that number whom King James I. raised to the degree of Baronet at that time first instituted. Then in the Reign of King Charles I. he was advanced to the Dignity of Baron, to which K. Charles II. in consideration of his Loy∣alty, Services, and great Merits, added as aforesaid the Title of an Earldom, now enjoy'd by Robert his Son and Heir the present Earl of Cardigan. Dugdale.
• Bruel Brielium, a Town and Castle belonging to the E∣lector of Cologne, two miles from that City to the South, to which the Cardinal Mezerai retired in 1561, when he was driven from Paris by the Factions of France.
• * Bruges (James) Lord Chandos is the Successor of William the 6th in Title, and 5th in descent from that John Bruges who was created by Q. Mary Baron Chandos of Sudley, whose eldest Son Edmund, renowned for his notable Exploits in the Reign of King Edward VI. left two Sons, Giles and William, Giles dying without Issue Male, William succeeded him in the Title, who dying in the last year of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, left it to Grey his Son and Heir, who by reason of his great interest in Gloucestershire, and numerous Attendants when he came to Court, was commonly called the King of Catswold. By his Wife, the Lady Anne, one of the Daugh∣ters and Co-heirs of Ferdinand Earl of Derby, he left two Sons George and William, George his next Heir signalized him∣self in the Service of King Charles I. particularly in Newbery Fight, where he had 3 Horses kill'd under him at the head of his Regiment. In consideration whereof he had an offer from the King to be advanced to the Title of E. of Newbery, which he modestly refused till it might please God to restore his Majesty to the peaceable enjoyment of his Crown and and Dignity. Departing this Life An. 1654, he was suc∣ceeded in his Honour by William his Brother, and William by the present Lord. Dugdale.
• Bruges or Bruggen, Lat. Bruga and Brugae, a Town of the Low-Countreys in the County of Flanders, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines. It situated in a great Plain within 3 Leagues of the Sea, upon the Canal called Reye, which being divided into several Navigable Torrents runs in divers places of the City, and afterwards these join in the same Canal which goes to the Sluce. But this last belonging to the Hollanders, the Inhabitants of Bruges about 40 years ago made a new Canal, which goes to Ostend, that is but about three Leagues from it, and the Tide mounting almost half way, it bears Ships of 400 Tuns to Bruges; which maintains a standing Trade there. But it flourished more in former days, before Merchants had bethought of retiring to Antwerp. Bruges is one of the greatest and beautifullest Cities of Flanders, fortified with good Ditches, great Ram∣parts, and strong Walls. It is equally eight Leagues di∣stant from Ghent, Courtray, Furnes, and Middlebourg. The Publick Buildings are very sumptuous, the Streets large and streight, with several fine Places, and chiefly that of the Market, whereat six great Streets begin that lead in a streight Line to the six principal Gates of the City. There are above 60 beautiful Churches. The Cathedral is that of St. Donat or Donatian. The Provost of this Collegial Church was born President in the Court called St. Donat, and He∣reditary Chancellor of Flanders. But this Dignity has been united to the Episcopal Title, and the Bishop enjoys the Priviledges now. Pope Paul IV. founded in 1559 this Bi∣shoprick, with the others of the Low-Countreys, and Peter Curtius of Bruges was the first Prelat of it. This City is di∣vided into six Quarters, and 9 Parishes, comprehending the two which are in the Suburbs. Besides St. Donat, there are the Collegial Churches of St. Salvator and Our Lady, the Abbies of St. Andrew, of Audembourg, and divers Religious Houses. At the side of the Cathedral is the Bishops Palace, and over-against it is a great Market-Place, where the Town-House is, an ancient Building enriched with Figures, and divers curious Pieces of Sculpture. In the great Mar∣ket is a high Tower, with a Clock, the Chiming whereof is Musical. There also is an old Building supported on Pillars, under which the Water runs, and Boats may pass. The Castle also deserves to be seen. Justice is rendred here by six Magistrates, who all have a particular Jurisdiction; to wit, the City, the Frank, the Provostship at present, the Bi∣shoprick, the Court for Feodal Tenures, Zizleele, and Mandasche. There is also the Water-House, where there is an admirable Machin to convey Water into all the Quarters of the City. The Spaniards have a great Trade here in Wooll, Silk, Cotton, &c. There are a great many Trades∣men who make Fustians, Tapestries, Cloaths, Stuffs of Silk, &c. They are divided into 68 different Professions. This City had a share in the Troubles of the Low-Countreys, during the Civil Wars. It has given its name to divers great Men that were born in it, as to Bartholomew of Bruges a Learned Physician, to Walter of Bruges, and to divers others. The English loosing Calais in 1558, removed the Staple for Wooll to Bruges, and that for some time preserved it from decaying. Philip the first King of Spain was born here in 1478. Bruges stands 34 miles N. W. of Ghent, 11 E. of Ostend, 34 N. E. of Dunkirk, and 40 W. of Antwerp.
• Bruges, (John of) a famous Painter in Flanders, and a great Admirer of Chymistry. He was the first that found the secret of Painting in Oyl, having observed after several trials, that in grinding Colours with Nut or Linseed Oyl, it made a solid Painting, which not only resisted Water, but moreover conserved a brisk luster which needed no varnish, as that which was done in Water Colours or Fresco. He also observed, that the mixtures and the dyes of Colours were better performed thus, and that Pictures were more uniform and agreeable. He presented his first Picture drawn after this manner to Alfonsus I. King of Naples, which much pleased him, and surprized all the Curious of that Country. See Antonello Fellibien sur les vies des Peintres.
• Brugneto, a Town of Italy in the State of Genoa, with a Bishoprick Suffragant of the Metropolis of Genoa. It is si∣tuated at the foot of the Mount Apennin upon the Frontier of Verra, about 7 or 8 Leagues from the Sea.

• Brulart, a Family Originally of the Country of Artois, both ancient and illustrious in Military and Civil Employ∣ments.
• Bruma, a false God of the Brachmanes, who according to their Fables, produced as many Worlds, as he has conside∣rable parts in his Body. They say, that the first World which is over Heaven, was form'd of his Brains; the se∣cond, of his Eyes; the third, of his Mouth; the fourth, of his left Ear; the fifth, of the Roof of his Mouth and Tongue; the sixth, of his Heart; the seventh, of his Belly; the eighth, of his Privy Parts; the ninth, of the left Thigh; the tenth, of his Knees; the eleventh, of his Heel; the twelfth, of the Toes of his right Foot; the thirteenth, of the sole of the left Foot; and the fourteenth, of the Air which environed him. In some of the Figures of this Idol, the first World is marked on the top of his Head; the se∣cond, upon his right Eye; the third, upon his Mouth; the fourth, upon the left Eye; the fifth, upon his Throat; the sixth, the seventh, the eighth, and the ninth, as I just now said; the tenth, upon his right Thigh; the eleventh, upon his right Foot; the twelfth, upon his left Foot; the thir∣teenth, under the sole of the left Foot; and the fourteenth, upon an Oval which represents the Air wherewith he is en∣vironed. The Brachmanes make People believe, that there is a relation betwixt these Worlds, and the parts from which they have sprung, and that each Man has different qualities conformably to the World which hath produced him. That from the first World come the Wise Men, the Learned and fine Wits; from the second, Prudent Men; from the third, Eloquent; from the fourth, Crafty and Subtil; from the fifth, Gluttons; from the sixth, Liberal; from the seventh, Cowards; from the eighth, Lascivious; from the ninth, Tradesmen and Labourers; from the tenth, Gardeners; from the eleventh, Handy Tradesmen; from the twelfth, Murderers and Thieves; from the thir∣teenth, the Violent Oppressors of the Poor; from the four∣teenth, those who have the gift of doing all things well. Kircher de la Chine.
• Brumales, a Feast in Honour of Bacchus, whom the an∣cient Latins called Brumus. The Romans celebrated it twice a year, viz. the 18th day of February, and the 15th day of August.
• Brunehaud or Brunichilde, second Daughter to Athana∣gilde King of the Wisigoth's in Spain, and to Gosvinthe, Mar∣ried to Sigebert I. King of Austrasia in 568, and Mother to Childebert II. to Ingonde, and to Clodesinde. She abjured the Errors of Arius, and at first appeared Pious and Liberal; the Foundation of the Abbies of St. Martin of Autun, St. Peter, and Esnag of Lyons, and St. Vincent of Laon being ascribed to her. She became infamous afterwards for her Cruelty, Vengeance, Avarice, and Impudicity, though Pope Gregory I. and Germain Bishop of Paris, were at the Pains to make her a Panegyrick. After the death of Sigebert she Mar∣ried Merouéë, Son to Chilperic, and retiring to her Son Chil∣debert, she became Regent of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Her Ambition made her extreamly restless, so that she sacri∣ficed all things to this violent Passion. She took part against her own Son with Gombaud or Gondebaud, who pretended to be Son to Clotaire, and was accused of having poysoned him, for his Majority excluding her from the Authority which she had, she was resolved to recover it in the Nonage of her Grandsons. She governed the States of Theodebert, who had Austrasia for his Portion, made use of the Sword and Poison to satisfie her Avarice and Lust. Winton Duke of Champaigne, with several others experienced what I say. Thus she rendered her self so odious to all the Lords of the Kingdom, that they banished her quite naked out of Austrasia. A Poor Man, named Dicier, knowing her, conducted her to Châlon upon Saône to her other Grand∣son Thierry, who gave her the whole Authority. Her Con∣ductor had for a Reward the Bishoprick of Auxerre. In the mean time this cruel Queen inspired the Prince with love of Women, and fearing lest a lawful Wife should perswade him to take away the Authority from her, she provided Mis∣ses for him her self. And though she was twice Grandmo∣ther, she had notwithstanding Galants, as Protade, whom she advanced to the Office of Mayor of the Palace, by the death of Bertoalde who exercised the same. The Scandal of her Amours was so great, that St. Didier Bishop of Vienne, thought himself necessitated to reprove her. But this Jezebel, not liking his liberty, got him condemned in 603 at Châlon, in an Assembly of Bishops devoted to her Interest, and two years after she caused him to be stoned to death by her Guards. In the mean time to be revenged on Theodebert, she per∣swaded Thierry II. to make War against him, which ended in the loss of the formers whole Family in 611, and then, as it's thought, she poysoned the latter in 612. So many Crimes at last obliged the French, being in a Military manner as∣sembled to rid themselves of her. Clotaire II. was present, represented her Crimes, and accused her of having put to death ten Kings. She was therefore condemned to an infa∣mous death, in 613, or according to others in 614. She was put to the rack 3 days together, then she was led upon a Camel round about the Camp; and afterwards tied by the Feet to the Tail of a Wild Mare, who dragged her upon the Stones; Others say, that she was drawn betwixt four Horses, and afterwards burnt.
• Bruni, (Leonard) called Aretin, because he was of Arezzo, lived in the 15th Century. He learned the Greek Tongue under Emmanuel Chrysolorus, and became one of the most able Men of his time. His Worth procured him conside∣rable Employments, Pope Innocent VII. made him Master of the Briefs, and he was afterwards Secretary to the Repub∣lick of Florence. He was also a Philosopher, Historian, and Orator. Divers great Men have writ his Panegyrick. He lived in Celibacy, and the only thing which he is reproached with, was his having been too Worldly. He Translated from Greek into Latin some of Plutarch's Lives, Composed three Books of the Punick War, translated the History of the Goths from Procopius, wrote the History of his own time, and another of the Greeks. He also left a Translation of the Mo∣rals of Aristotle, and some other Works in Greek and Latin. He died in 1443, being Seventy four years of Age, and was interr'd in the Church of the Holy Cross of Florence, with this Epitaph:

  Postquam Leonardus evitâ migravit, Historia luget, Eloquentia muta est: Ferturque Musas tum Graecas, tum Latinas, Lachrymas tenere non potuisse.

• St. Bruno, Founder of the Order of the Carthusians. It is a Subject of Debate amongst the Learned Roman Catholicks, whe∣ther the occasion of the retreat of St. Bruno was the Prodigy said to have happened in our Lady's Church of Paris, when the Body of a famous Doctor, at what time Mass was saying for him in that Church, lifted his Head from off the Bier, and cryed out first, that he was accused, then judged, and fi∣nally damned by the just Judgment of God, as it may be seen in the Article Diocre, which is said to have been the name of this Doctor. Those who believe not this History alledge these Reasons, viz. that St. Bruno himself in a Letter, which he writ from his Monastery of Calabria in Italy, to Raoul the Green, Provost of the Church of Rheims, excites him to be∣come a Monk, to accomplish the Vow they had made together at Rheims, of quitting the World, after having found it's va∣nity, in the Conversations they had had in that City. He speaks nothing of this Prodigy, which would have been a powerful motive to excite him to embrace the Religious State, and to fulfill his promise. Guibert, Abbot of Nagent, in the Life of St. Bruno, relates, that after the death of Gervais Archbishop of Rheims, one Manasses had obtain'd that Dignity by Simony, and maintained himself in the same by force of Arms, ha∣ving raised a Company of Guards who followed him every where: That Bruno entertaining a horrour of this disorder, went from Reims with some of the Clerks of the Cathedral Church to Grenoble, where he retired into a Wilderness. Here is another cause of St. Bruno's Retreat, written by an old Author, and one in whom we may confide. If so pro∣digious a Miracle, as the speaking of a dead Body, had contributed thereunto, Abbot Guibert would not have omit∣ted it; the thing was too extraordinary to be forgotten. Peter of Cluny, called the Venerable, speaking of the Order of the Carthusians instituted in his time, by St. Bruno and his Companions, says, that these first Hermits of the Chartreuse renounced the World, and made profession of a very au∣stere Rule, after having seen the disorders of several Monks who lived in a luke-warmness and criminal negligence. He speaks nothing of the Prodigy of the Man raised from the dead, though he had said in the Preface of his Book, that his de∣sign was to write all the Miracles, whereof he should have a certain knowledge, and which might augme••t the Faith, or regulate the Manners of Christians.
• Several other ancient Authors who wrote near 240 years after the Institution of the Order of the Carthusians, speak nothing of this damned Doctor. The first who writ this History, which was invented some time before, was John Gerson, Chancellor of the University of Paris, in his Trea∣tise of the Simplicity of the Heart, which he composed about 1420. He relates this Prodigy, as an Example which ought to move us to the Fear of God, and which was said to have given beginning to the Order of the Carthusians. But he mentions it only as a common report, without cit∣ing any Author for it. Antoninus Archbishop of Florence also describes the Resurrection of the Doctor, and saith, that St. Bruno Professor of Divinity at Paris, was present at this dreadful Spectacle: But he names no Authors, and its known, that he did not always examine the truth of the things which he writ in his History, as Canus a Learned Monk of the same Order has observed, who assisted at the Council of Trent. Those who have since spoken of this Pro∣digy, add new circumstances, which contradict each other. Some have said, that the dead Man spoke 3 days successively; and others, that it was in the 3 Nocturns of the same day. Some affirm, that his Body was slung on the Dunghill; and others, that a Ghost drew near the Coffin, and carried it away. Some say that he was Canon of Nostre-Dame, and alledge, that since the time of this horrid Spectacle, these

• words, Responde mihi, were no more used in the Diocess of Paris, but that in singing this Song of the Office of the Dead they begun at Quantas habeo iniquitates. Which are all groundless Forgeries. About 100 years ago this Doctor was called Raymond Diocre. See Diocre. De Launoy, De verâ causâ secessûs S. Brunonis. Howbeit it is certain, that S. Bruno went in 1084, or in 1086, to Hugh Bishop of Grenoble. He was followed by his Companions, and this Prelat appointed them a Desert which was in his Diocess, whither he sent them. It is a frightful Solitude of the Chartreuse in Dau∣phinee, which gave name to the famous Order that St. Bruno founded there. Pope Urban II. who had been his Disciple and Friend, called him into Italy. But Bruno being no more able to endure the conversation of great Persons, retired into Calabria, and died there in 1101. Pope Leo X. cano∣nized him in 1514. He has written an Exposition upon the Psalms, Commentaries upon the Epistles of St. Paul, and several other Treatises which F. Theodorus Petreius, a Carthusian, in 1601 put it into 3 Volumes, Printed at Cologne. The first of which has the Life of St. Bruno in the front, and yet the Criticks are perswaded, that amongst the Works which are attributed to him, there are some of Bruno of Segni's.
• Bruno, or Brunon, Brother to Wittikind King of the Saxons, swore Allegiance to Charlemaign about 785, and gave rise to the Family of the present Princes of Saxony. Some hold that the Guelphes Earls of Altorff and Dukes of Bavaria are descended from him, and that the Earls of Zol∣lern, and consequently the Marquisses of Brandenburg owe their Original to the Guelphes: and others add, that the Otho's of Saxony, who have been Emperors, were his Descen∣dants. Spencer His. Geneal.
• Bruno, called the Great, Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lorrain, was Son to the Emperor Henry I. of Saxony, called the Fowler, and Brother to Otho I. and to Haldwige Mother to Hugh Capet. He was well skill'd in the Latin and Greek Tongues, some ascribe unto him Commentaries upon the Five Books of Moses, and some Lives of Saints. He succeed∣ed in 953 to Wicfred Archbishop of Cologne, and was after∣ward Legat to the See of Rome. The Emperor Otho I. his Brother, gave him the Government of the Dutchy of Lor∣rain. He was concerned in all the great Affairs of his time, and died in 965. Le Mire, Molan, Cratepolius.
• Brunsburel, a small Town of Holstein in Dithmarson, be∣longing to the King of Denmark. It is indifferent strong, situated near the mouth of the Elbe, within 2 or 3 Leagues of Gluckstat.
• Brunsvic or Brunswick, a Country of Germany in Lower-Saxony, with the Title of Dutchy, betwixt the Bishopricks of Halberstat, and Hildesheim, the Country of Lunenbourg and Westphalia. Brunswick is the Capital Town thereof, the others are Goslar, Gottinghen, &c. Under the name of Brunswick is also comprehended all that the Princes of this House possess in Lower-Saxony, where they form different Branches, and have the Dutchies, and Countreys of Lunenbourg, Gottinghen, Grubenhagen, and Gallemberg, Wolfembutel, Hannover, Zell, Ur∣zen, Danneberg, Garbug, Gyffhorne, Eimbech, Hamelen, &c. This Country is good and fertil, well furnish'd with Mines, and Stock'd with Game and Corn. It is watered by divers Rivers, the chief of which are the Weser, the Oker, the Glein, the Humenaw, the Viper, &c. Here are also divers fine Sources of Water, and vast Forrests. Trade flourished there formerly, but the last Wars have occasioned a change there, as well as in other parts of Germany. Here are still very fine Towns, Hanover, Gifforne, Wolfembutel, &c. which last made a good defence in 1641 against the French and Swedes, who pretended to carry it by raising the Waters of the Oker, having for that purpose made Ditches below the place. The House of the Princes of Brunswick, and Lunen∣bourg, are descended from Azo of Este Marquis of Toscany, who lived in the 11th Age, and about 1028 or 30, and fol∣lowed the Emperor Conrad II. into Germany, where he Mar∣ried Cunegonde Sister to Guelphe III. of the Family of the an∣cient Guelphes, of whom it's said he was the last.
• Brunswick or Brunsvic, upon the Oker, Brunopolis Bruns∣riga and Brunonis vicus, a City of Germany in the Lower-Saxony, Capital of the Dutchy of Brunswic. It's pretended that it was built about 868 by Brunon Son to Alphonsus Duke of Saxony, who gave his name to it. The Emperor Henry the Fowler augmented it since, and divers other Princes have contributed in rendering it one of the beautifullest Cities of all Germany. It's form is almost square, and it is half a Ger∣man League in circuit. The River of Oker divides it into two. Here are 5 or 6 fair Places, and fine Houses, amongst which the Town-House is very magnificent, and several Churches that are all in the Protestants hands. For the In∣habitants of Brunswic were among the first who subscribed Luther's Doctrine. The chief of these Churches is that of St. Blasius. Brunswic was one of the chief Hanse Towns, and governed in manner of a Republick, pretending to have bought its Liberty from the Dukes of Brunswic, which they have opposed vigorously, taking Arms to assert their Titles, but this City had always the advantage. In the 16th Age Henry the Young besieged it, in 1542, 1550, and 1553. It suffered much during these Sieges; but with the help of their Confederates, still maintained its liberty. In 1569 the Disputes that were betwixt the Dukes of Bruns∣wick and that City, were accommodated amicably upon these Conditions, that Duke Julius Son to Henry the Young assented to, viz. That the Senate should render to the Duke the whole Bailiwick of Assemburg near Wolfembuttel; That the Duke should also surrender the Bailwicks of Eich and of Wenthausen to the two Consuls, in the name of the Re∣publick, and that he should renounce for him and his Heirs all claims to Sate and the Old-street, which Henry his Father pretended to be part of the City of Brunswic, morgag'd by his Ancestors, but not sold to the Senate. This Agreement did not fully compose the Differences, for Frederic-Ulric laid Siege to Brunswic and pressed it furiously in 1614, but the Hanse Towns and the Dutch rescued it from this danger. The Duke levying new Forces the year following, forced it to render him Homage in 1617, so seemed to have put an end to all the Differences, which most of his Ancestors had with this City. But his Successors pretending other Rights, took their Measures so well, that they entirely subdued Brunswic in 1670. It was then very strong, they have fortified it re∣gularly since, and put it in a condition of being no more able to revolt. In the mean time the numerous Garison which they keep there, and the noise of Arms, have driven thence most of the Merchants, and put a stop to the Trade. Brunswic is seated in a Plain, surrounded with a double Wall, and 2 deep Ditches, and in some places with 3, in the rest its fenced by Morasses between the Ditches, it hath a thick Rampart round the Town, planted with divers sorts of Trees. Bertius, l. 3. Comment Germ. Thuan.
• Brunus or Bruni, (Anthony) a famous Italian Poet, who flourish'd in the beginning of this Age. He was Native of Manduria in the Kingdom of Naples, and so much esteemed for the Delicacy of his Wit, his Natural Mildness, his Mer∣ry Humour and Civility, that not only the most famous Academies of Italy thought it an Honour to admit him a Member of their Body; but the Learned and Persons of Quality strove to have a share in his Friendship. The Duke of Urbin invited him to his Court, where he gave him a place of Counsellor and Secretary of State. He died in 1635, as he was ending a Poem Entituled, The Metamorphosis. The Works which we have of his are: Il Parnaso. Letre Grazic. Le Veneri. l'Epistole Heroiche, &c. Lorenzo Crasso.
• Brutii, a People of Italy, which drew their Original from the Lacedemonians, according to Justin, lib. 10. who placeth them in the extremity of Italy, in that part which was called Great Greece. They were distinguished into Cismontani and Transmontani, and inhabited the Country now called the fur∣thermost Calabria, in the Southern part of the Kingdom of Naples. The Inhabitants of Lucania call'd them Brentians, or Brettians, which in their Language signifies Fugitives, be∣cause they having been their Slaves, shook off the Yoak, and went to settle on the other side the River Laüs. The Ro∣mans call'd them Brutians, as if one should say Brutish People, by reason of their Clownishness, Stupidity, and the Cowar∣dise which they shewed in the time of the second Punick War, where instead of fighting for the Romans against Han∣nibal, they submitted basely to this General, for which rea∣son they were never since regarded, nor employed but in ser∣vile Works; and it's hence that the Romans called all those Brutians who lived mean, and without Publick Offices. Aul. Gell. Diodor, de Siulet. Strabo.
• * Bruton, a good Market Town of Burton Hundred in the East of Somersetshire, grac'd with a fine Church, a Free-School founded by King Edward VI. for the Education of Youth, and an Alms-House for the Relief of the Poor.
• * Brutus, a King often mention'd in the Annals of Bri∣tain, is said to have been the Son of Silvius, and he of As∣canius, whose Father was Aeneas a Trojan Prince, who at the burning of Troy made his escape with his Son Ascanius and others, and after a tedious Voyage arrived in Italy, where Brutus is said to have been born, being 15 years of Age he happened to kill his own Father with an Arrow, for which unhappy Fact being banish'd by his Kindred, he retired into Greece, where he undertook the Deliverance of the Trojans kept there in servile Condition by Pandrasus then K. whom he had the good fortune to make Prisoner, but gave him his Liberty upon these Conditions; That he should give him his Daugh∣ter Innogen in Marriage, with a Rich Dowry; and, That he should provide Shipping, Provisions, and Money for the Trojans to depart the Land, and seek their Fortune elsewhere; Which being punctually performed by Pandrasus, they un∣der their Leader Brutus set out with a Fleet, as 'tis said of 324 Sail. After two days sail they came to an Island then call'd Leogcica, but long before dispeopled and left waste by Sea Rovers. There was however a Temple and Image of the Goddess Diana that gave Oracles, which Brutus thought fit to Consult before he went any further. Being advised by the Oracle to proceed Westward beyond the Realm of Gaul, he Steer'd his Course accordingly: And after some Encounters on the African side, he happened to land at a place on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the side of Italy, where he found the Race of those Trojans who came with Antenor thither, and whose 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• lesly vexed a Man of his fame, they shut him up in a Mona∣stery for some Months, to be disciplined and instructed by the Monks, Men he says, who were not uncivil nor bad, but Ignorant of all Religion. 'Twas then that he translated most of the Psalms into Latin Verse, which have made him so famous in the World. After this he sued for a Pass from the King, who was unwilling to part with him, and gave him a Pension, with promise of better preferment; but be∣ing wearied out with delay, he Sail'd from Lisbon to England, where he had great offers made him in the Reign of Edward VI. but did not think fit to accept them, so that he return'd to France about the time that the Siege of Metz was raised, on which, at the importunity of his Friends, he wrote a Poem: From thence he was call'd over into Italy by Charles de Coste of Brescia, who Govern'd that part of Italy belonging to France, and there he stay'd with him and his Son Timolean five years, till 1560. during which time he studied the Holy Scriptures, return'd to Scotland quickly after, entered him∣self into that Church, and was one of those sent by the States of that Kingdom, to prove their accusation against Q. Mary before Q. Elizabeth; and appointed Tutor to K. James VI. in 1565. He died at Edinburgh Sept. 28. 1582. This Great Man hath had many Enemies on the account of his de Jure Regni apud Scotos, and the freedom he used in his History of Scotland, but his esteem both as a Poet and Histo∣rian, sets him above the reach of all Cavils; the purity of his stile both in Prose and Verse, render him Rival to Tully and Maro: On the Title Page of his Psalms, it's allowed in the Learnedst Universities of Europe, that he should be called Poetarum nostri Seculi facile princeps: And what the Learned Scaligers and Beza write concerning him, is sufficient to stop the Mouths of those who carp at him either on the account of his Opinion or Country, and the very perusal of his Works is enough to justify him to the Learned. As to his Piety and Morals, at least after his being Converted from Popery, they were never questioned by any unprejudiced Person; and as for the Truth of his History, so much decried by Cambden, Its being dedicated to K. James VI. approved by those who were concerned in the Affairs mentioned in its latter part, and confirmed by Knox and Calderwood's Histories, and the Testimony of Mr. Andrew Melvil and all the firmest and sincerest Protestants of his time, who could not but have known those falsehoods he is charged with, had they been true, are together, with his own privacy to the In∣trigues of that time, which he was Commissionated to unfold before Q. Elizabeth, and with which her Majesty declared her satisfaction, sufficient to ballance the Credit of what was said or done against him by those of the Guisian Faction, or lick'd up by others from them. Part of the Elogies given him by the Scaligers and Beza on the account of his Psalms, is as follows:

  Joseph Scaliger says, Nam{que} ad Supremum perducta Poetica culmen In te stat, nec quo progrediatur habet: Imperii fuerat Romani Scotia Limes, Romani Eloquii Scotia finis erit.

• Jul. Caesar Scaliger says of him,

  Te natum ad alta Pegasi cacumina, Tepente susceptum sinu Regina Sacri magna Calliope Soni Liquore non noto imbuit, Dedit{que} palmam ferre de tot gentibus, Latina quot colit Cohors.

  The Great Beza writes of him thus: Ut te Roma Licet Scotorum ad littora Natum, Aequoreas inter Cautes atqu; horrida Cete, Tanquam urbe in media civem sibi vindicet ortum: Inde autem Magni te Mantua clara Maronis Juret stirpe Satum, at contra Verona Catulli Asserat hinc Venusmus, & hinc Pelignis, & inde Cordubate repetat, repetat quo{que} Bilbilis inde, At Vatem interea Buchananum Scotia Jactes, Una tuum faelix tantis Natalibus, una Macte quo{que} ingenii tanta virtute Georgi, Aeternum & Latii spoliis ornatus opimis, Invidia{que} omni major Buchanane triumpha.

• Buccolhere (Abraham) a German Protestant Minister, lived in the Sixteenth Century; he composed a Chronology from the beginning of the World unto 1580, under the Name of Isagoge Chronologica. He was a Native of Schonau near Wit∣temberg, and died at Freistad in Silesia, where he had been Minister, the 4th of June, An. 1584, being 55 years of Age. Besides that Work, he has left a Catalogue of the Roman Consuls, Chronological Tables, which his Sons, George and Scultet have augmented, and other Pieces of Chronology. He studied at Francfort and Wittemberg, and learned Divini∣ty under Melancthon. Melchior Adam Vossius.
• Buths, a Country of France, in the Landes of Bourdeaux, near Medoc. The Head or Cape of Buchs is a small Principa∣lity under the Title of Captalat, and its Inhabitants are thought to be descended of the ancient Boians, or Boates. It had Lords named Captals of Buchs, of the House of Foix and Candale.
• Buckaneers, Thus are called the Caraibes or Caribes of the Antilles, in the Northern Sea, betwixt Southern and Northern America, because they feed upon Humane Flesh, roasted or broiled on the Fire. Boucan, in their Language signifies the Place where they roast and dry their Meat; and Bouchaner, to roast or to smoak. This Name has been since given to the Hunters of these Islands, who feed on Beef Boucaned, that is, roasted and smoaked. The Spaniards call them Matadores de Tores, that is to say, Killers of Bulls; and the Boucan, Materia, that is, Killing. They also call them Monteros, which signifies Wood-Runners. The Buckaneers fol∣low no Trade but Hunting; some hunt Oxen for Food, and to have their Hides; others wild Boars for their Flesh, which they Pickle, and sell to the Inhabitants. Their E∣quipage is a Pack of between 25 and 30 Dogs, with a good Gun, which is mounted in a very different way from the or∣dinary Fowling-Pieces used in England. The best are made at Diepe, and Nants, and the best Powder they use is sent them from Cherbourg, in Lower Normandy, and is called Bucka∣neers Powder. They joyn always two and two together, and call one another Matelot or Mate. They expose all they have in common, and have Serving-men, whom they send for in∣to France, whose Passage they pay, and make them serve for three years: They call them Apprentices, and when their Time is expired, they give them for a Reward, a Gun, two Pounds of Powder, and six Pounds of Bullets, and take them sometimes for Mates or Comerades. The Spanish Buc∣kaneers, who call one another Metadores, do not Hunt after the same manner as the French do; they make no use of Fire-Arms, but have Lances, and when their Servants find a Bull, they drive him into a Meadow, where the Buckaneer on Horseback runs to take him; then he cuts his Ham∣strings, and Kills him with his Lance. This Sport is plea∣sant enough, for they wheel, and use as much Formality as when they run at a Bull in the Place of Madrid, in Presence of the King of Spain.
• * Buckenham, New Buckenham, a Market Town of Shoreham Hundred, in the South Parts of Norfolk, from London 79 M.
• * Buckeridge, the Name of an ancient Family in Berk∣shire, who have had their Seat at Basseldon near Reading, ever since the Seventh of William the Conqueror; and from this Family all the Buckeridges in England are descended. The Estate is at present enjoyed by Mr. Thomas Buckeridge. Of this Family was John Bishop of Rochester in 1611, translated to Ely in 1627, who had for his Bearing, in a Field Or, 2 Palletts between five cross Croslets, Fitchy in Salter Sable.
• * Buckhold (John) or John of Leyden, was a Botcher of that City, a crafty, eloquent, subtil, confident, changeable and seditious Fellow; he was one of those called Anabaptists, and so well versed in his Tenets, that he was too hard for the Ignorant Popish Ecclesiasticks of Munster, whether he was sent by John Matthias, one of the Ringleaders of those Enthusiasts; so that he, with Rotman, Knipperdoling, Knippen∣burch and Krachtin, spread their Errors in private Conventi∣cles at Munster, and running about the Streets in enthusiasti∣cal Raptures, cryed out, Repent and be Baptized, otherwise the heavy Wrath of God will fall upon you. This hapned An. 1533. A little after they broke out into a Tumult, seized the Pa∣lace and Magazines, and cryed out aloud, That all were to be destroyed as Heathens, who would not embrace Anabap∣tism: Hereupon ensued Skirmishes, and afterwards a Truce, on condition that every one should quietly follow what Re∣ligion they professed; but the Anabaptists conspired to drive all the Protestants out of the City, and for that end sent for all of their own Opinion from Neighbouring Cities, so that those who consulted their own Safety, left Munster. Where∣upon the Enthusiasts degraded the Senate, chose another, and made their Ringleaders Consuls; then they plundered all Places, Sacred and Prophane, turning out the other Citi∣zens, without Distinction of Age or Sex, and seizing their Possessions, and the poor People being thus treated, were no less barbarously used by the Soldiers, who had blocked up the Avenues without, who killed many of them, so that a∣bundance of Godly and sober People were forced to stay within, though involved in Blood and Tears. John Matthi∣as, the great Prophet of the Anabaptists, being killed, Knip∣perdoling pretended a Revelation that Buckhold must succeed him, that the Great Men ought to be degraded, the Poor exalted, and Churches demolished; and Buckhold delivered Knipperdoling the Executioner's Sword. In the mean time the Bishop's Forces, who had besieged the City for some Months, made an Assault to have taken it by Storm, but lost 4000 Men, and all Hopes of reducing it by Force, yet continued the Siege: Three days after this Buckhold pretended to be Dumb, and in Imitation of John Baptist's Father, made Signs for a Table-Book, wherein he wrote down twelve Men, who were to be the twelve Elders of Israel, and manage all things as in the New Jerusalem, for which he pretended a Divine

• Command, and then assumed to himself the Title of a King, marrying three Wives, one of them the Widow of Matthias, their first Ringleader, who was slain in a Sally, and her he called Queen. The soberer Part of the Citizens being mov∣ed with Indignation, seized the false Prophet Knipperdoling; but he was quickly released by his deluded Disciples, who murdered 49 of the said Citizens in a barbarous manner, tearing them in pieces with Hooks. On the 24th of June 1534, Tuysentschryver, another pretended Prophet, counter∣feited a Revelation, that Buckhold was to be exalted to Royal Dignity, and the eternal Throne of his Father David, which he was to possess with greater Dignity than he; the Com∣mon People tore their Hair for Grief, but durst not oppose him, so that he was invested with the Regalia, and appointed his Officers of State in every thing resembling a King, and in∣deed, with the Gold which they had plundered, and other Materials, his Vestments were as sumptuous as those used by Emperors in their greatest Solemnities. Nor was his Atten∣dants less Magnificent, the Sword carried before him was enriched with Jewels and Diamonds of great Value, and a∣nother carried a Bible with a golden Crown, adorned with such sparkling Jewels as dazled the Beholders Eyes. His Title was The King of Justice, The King of the New Jerusalem. He had a stately Throne erected in the Market-place, and caused Money to be coined with this Inscription, Verbum ca∣ro factum quod habitat in Nobis. About Bartholomew after, Tuysentschryver sounded a Trumpet through the Streets, in¦viting all to the Lord's Palace, where all that came were magnificently entertained, the Mock-King, Queen and Cour∣tiers attending them, and Buckhold himself gave every one a Loaf of Unlevened Bread, saying, Take, Eat, and Celebrate the Lord's Death: and his Queen carried about the Cup in like manner, and thus they had a Mock-Sacrament. This being performed, Tuysentschryver preached a Mock-Sermon, and pre∣tended that he had Orders from Heaven to send 28 Men from that City to Preach their Doctrine through the World, and having named and assigned them their Quarters, their King, after Supper, about the second Watch, sent them away, giving each of them a Piece of Gold, charging them, that neg∣lecting their own Safety, they should deposite it for a Note of condemnation where-ever they bestowed it. They went accord∣ingly to their Posts howling out, Repent, and be Re-baptized, or you are undone; but the Magistrates of the several Cities having seized them, all of them except one were hanged; at their Examination they told that they were sent by God, to per∣suade the People to be Re-baptised, and have all things in Common, and to leave the Golden Coin of Condemnation a∣mong those that refused; adding, That the true Gospel had not been Preached since the Time of Christ and the A∣postles; but that there were two Prophets, the Progeny of Truth it self, slipt down from Heaven, viz. John of Leyden, and David George: That the Pope was a false Prophet, and Luther worse than he. And being asked why they had ba∣nished and plundered the Citizens of Munster, they answer∣ed, That it was now the Time when the Meek and Hum∣ble should inherit the Earth, and that they imitated the Israe∣lite, who robbed the Egyptians of their Jewels and Ear-Rings. After this they dispatched their Missionaries to Amsterdam, Leyden, and other Towns, where they occasioned many Disorders and Tumults: And in the latter end of 1553, Buckhold sent out a cunning Soldierly Fellow with a great Sum to Levy Soldiers in Zealand, and raise the close Siege; which he managed so cunningly, with the Assistance of those of his Party, that having got together some hundreds of Soldiers, he seized on a Monastery, called Old Munster, and having plundered it, encamped there; but George Skench, then Governor of Friezland, attacked, and after a gallant Defence, overcame them, killing all but 60, who were hanged at Lo∣vard; and their Leader John Geel, who escaped to Amster∣dam, and by the help of John Campensis, and Hans Gothelet, a strong and warlike Fellow, contrived, with the Assistance of the Anabaptists, to seize that City, and accordingly at∣tempted it on the 10th of May, but were defeated, Geel and Gothelet slain, and Campensis taken and hanged; and at the same time David George endeavoured to raise Commotions in Utrecht. Those of Munster being at last reduced to Famine, Buckhold promised that the Siege should be raised before Ea∣ster, appointed Guards for his own Security, and promised Money and Preferment to his Captains, as that they should be Dukes, Electors, &c. One of his Queens, formerly a Glover-Wench, having said that Famime came not from God, he struck off her Head in the Market-place, charging her with Adultery, while her Fellow Queens sung a Hymn, beginning, Glory be to God on high. Easter being come, and no Deliverance appearing, the People grew more and more uneasie, and he pretending to be sick, promised to appear to them in six days time, and that the Deliverance which he had promised them was Spiritual, and that all who had fol∣lowed him were freed from their Sins. Many, for Hunger, revolted to the Besiegers, not so much in hope of Compassion, as to accelerate the end of their miserable Lives, being pinched with the Extremity of Famine, insomuch that they eat Dogs, Mice, Rats, yea, and the very Flesh of the buri∣ed Carcasses, and yet the Wretch Buckhold had two Months Provisions at his own House. At last John Longstrat, one of his Noblemen, Privy-Councillors and Confidents, under∣took in a Fortnight to relieve the City with Provisions and Men; and getting out on this Pretence, for a Sum of Money and his Pardon, he betray'd the City to the Bishop, and so returning to the City, assured Buckhold on his Faith and Repu∣tation, that the Supplies would arrive on St. John's Eve about 10 at Night, for which end he got one of the Gates opened, and letting in a Party of the Bishop's, the Guards were quickly cut off; the Allarm being given, Buckhold and his Courtiers getting into a Body, drove the Bishop's Forces back, and the Citizens shut the Gates again; but they without break∣ing them open, display'd their Colours, and entering, had a bloody Fight in the Market-place, where the Botcher King, with Knipperdoling and Krachting, were taken, which so dis∣couraged the rest, that they fled and hid themselves; the Soldiers sack'd the City unmercifully for ten days, and found as much Provision in Buckhold's Palace, as would have serv'd 200 Men two Months. This happened in 1535: Buckhold was carried before the Bishop at Dulmen, within three Leagues, who spoke to him thus: O thou Castaway of Mankind! By what means hast thou corrupted and destroyed my People? Buckhold answered undauntedly, O thou Pope! Have we done thee any Wrong, by delivering into thy Hands a well for∣tified and invincible City; but if thou thinkest thy self any way endamaged by us, hearken to our Advice, and thou shalt be easily enriched? The Bishop hardly refraining from Laughter, de∣sired to know the Secret: and he reply'd, Put me in an Iron Cage, and cover it with Leather, and carry me about for a Show, and if thou takest but a Penny from every one for the Sight of me, it will do more than repay the Charges of the War. He was show'd to all the Chief Captains and Ecclesiasticks of the Landtgrave of Hesse, who disputed with him, and brought him to a Nonplus; and he to obtain Life, desired anothe Disputation, and promised to reduce all the Anabaptists else∣where, and be obedient to the Magistrates; but on the 20th of January 1536, he and his Companions were brought to Munster, and after some time spent to convince them of their Offences, he acknowledged them, and cast himself wholly upon Christ; but the rest continued Obstinate. Next day he was fastned to a Stake, and pull'd Piecemeal by two Ex∣ecutioners with red hot Pincers. The first Pains he sup∣pressed, but afterwards implored God's Mercy. Thus he was treated for above an hour, and at length, to hasten his Death, run through with a Sword. His Companions dy'd obstinate, being punish'd in the same manner, and all their Carcasses were put into Iron Baskets, and hung out upon St. Lambert's Tower.
• * Buckinghamshire, or Bucks, Lat. Buckingamensis Comitatus, is a midland County of England, so called from Buckingham, the chief Place. It's a long narrow County, having North∣ward, Northamptonshire; Barkshire to the South, bounded Eastward with Bedford and Hartfordshires, and Westward with Oxfordshire; so that it reaches in length, from North to South about 40 Miles; in Breadth, from East to West, scarce 18; the whole divided into 8 Hundreds, wherein are 15 Market-Towns, and 185 Parishes. This County, toge∣ther with Bedford and Hartfordshires, was the ancient Seat of the Catieuchlani, in the time of Heptarchy, a Province of Mercia, and is now in the Diocese of Lincoln. A Country blest with healthful Air, and with a rich and fertile Soil, yielding abundance of Corn, Grass and Marle. Chiltern Hills run through the midst, and divide the whole Country into two Parts. In the Vales, particularly in the Vale of Ailsbury, are bred abundance of Sheep, much valued for their fine Wooll; and such is the Improvement of Pasture in these Parts, that one field, called Berry-Field, in the Mannor of Quarendam, has been let for 800 l. per Annum. This County, besides the two Knights of the Shire, sends twelve Members to Parliament, viz. out of Buckingham, Ailesbury, Chipping-Wicomb, Agmundesham, Wendover, and Great Marlow. Its first Earl was Walter Giffard, a great Man among the Normans, whose Son Walter dy'd in 1164. In 1377, Richard II. con∣ferred this Title upon his Uncle, Thomas of Woodstock. Humphry Earl of Stafford was the first created Duke of Buck∣ingham, in 1444. Edward, the last of this Race, was Be∣headed in the Reign of Henry VIII. in 1521, after which this Title lay vacant till 1623, when James I. created George, Viscount Villars, Duke of Buckingham; his Son George suc∣ceeded him, who died April the 16th 1687, without Issue, and left the Title vacant. Buckingham, the chief Town of this Shire lies 44 Miles North West and by West from London, in a fruitful Soil, washed on all sides by the River Ouse; but on the North it has three Stone Bridges over this River, was Walled before the Conquest, in 915 by Edward the El∣der, to secure it against the Danes; and in Aftertimes there was a Castle built here, which is now entirely ruined. This Town is a Corporation, and sends two Burgesses to Parliament.
• Buckor, a City and Kingdom of the Indies, in the States of the Great Mogol. This Kingdom is scituated betwixt Hen∣downs and Jessélmere, which is on the East thereof. It has the Kingdom of Tatta on the South, that of Multan on the North, and on the West that of Hajacen and Persia. The City

• stands upon the River Indus, which runs through the King∣dom of Buckor, and there receives the Rivers Rawei and Caul.
• Buda, or Offen, the capital City of Hungary, upon the Danube. The pleasant Scituation of this City obliged the Kings of Hungary to make it their ordinary Residence. Si∣gismund, King of Hungary, who was Crowned King in 1387 and was afterward Emperor, beautified it with several sumptuous Palaces, and caused the Castle to be built, where afterwards his Successors kept their Court. This City passed for one of the beautifullest of the Kingdom, before the Turks had it; but whilst it was in their Possession, they suffered the finest Buildings to fall to Ruine. It is built on the Right side of the Danube, upon a Mountain which makes its Scituation very advantagious. Pest is on the other side, a little below it; and there is commonly a Bridge of 60 Boats, which serves for a Communication from the one to the other. The Lower City, called Wasserstadt, or Town of the Jews, which is like a Suburb, reacheth from the Upper City to the Da∣nube, on the same Side. The Upper City takes up all the Declivity of the Mountain, and is fortified with good-Walls, which have Towers at certain Distances, after the ancient manner. The Castle is at the Extremity of the City East∣ward, upon a Hill, which commands the greatest part of it. It is surrounded with a very deep Ditch, and defended by old fashioned Towers, and some modern Fortifications, which take up all the Hill from the Wall of the Upper Ci∣ty to the Danube. This City was taken by Soliman II. in 1526. Ferdinand, the Arck-Duke of Austria, re-took it the next Year after. In 1529, Soliman made himself Master of it again, after the Garison had stood eleven Assaults, and restored it to the Wayvood of Transilvania, who had lost it before. Ferdinando, in 1540 or 1541, attacked it again, when Soliman coming the third time to relieve it, raised the Siege, and made himself Master of the Place by Stratagem and Surprise, and so took it from the Queen, whom he came to assist. Matthias the Arch-Duke besieged it again in 1598, and after in 1601, but with no Success. The Duke of Lorrain sate down before it in 1684, from July 14 to November 1, but was forced to raise the Siege and leave it; but re-in∣vested it the 15th of June 1686; but was forced to raise the Siege, and to make Peace with Mahomet III. In fine, the Imperialists took it from the Infidels the 2d of Septemb. 1686, after a Siege of two Months and a half, of which we have many Relations, the best of which seems to be that which is contained in the History of the late Troubles of Hungary, Pag. 5. The 15th of June the two Bodies of the Army ad∣vanced equally; that of the Elector of Bavaria encamped at Mohatz, and Prince Charles of Lorrain, with the Cavalry at Dotkamp, opposite to one another, the Danube lying betwixt them. The same day the Earl of Staremberg having receiv∣ed Orders to make the Infantry advance, and to come to en∣camp at Marotz, arrived there with all the Troops, and part of the Baggage of the Army which had not been imbarked. The 16th Prince Charles went to encamp with the Horse at St. Andrew, the Earl of Staremberg with the Foot at Post∣kam, and the Elector of Bavaria to Wailan, so that the Infi∣dels, from the Ramparts, could see the Christians on both sides the Danube, yet they made no Motion. The 18th, all the Infantry having joyned the Army, Prince Charles order∣ed them to advance; and the Order was no sooner given, but the whole Army marched, and the Place was invested on all Sides. They begun the same day to make a Bridge of Boats, as well for the Passage of the Troops of Bavaria, as for Communication with the other Side of the Danube, and after∣wards resolved to attack the Town in four different Places; the first Attack, on the Side of the Lower Town, was com∣manded by Prince Charles, and carried on by the Imperial Troops: the Second on the Side of the Castle, by the Elector of Bavaria: the Third by the Troops of Saxony, and the fourth by those of Brandenbourg. The 19th Prince Charles caused the Army to approach to the Baths, and there fixed the general Quarter with some Regiments of Foot, within a quarter of a Mile of the City. On the 21st the Elector of Bavaria marched his Troops over the Bridge, and came to encamp at the Foot of Mount St. Gerard. The 22d the Prince of Neubourg, Grand Master of the Teutonick Order, arrived in the Camp with Count Dunewald. The next day, the Christians began to batter the Wasserstad, and having made a sufficient Breach, they entered it, whilst the Infidels retired into the Upper City. On the 30th the Marquiss of Turlac arrived in the Camp with the Troops of Suedland, and at the same time arrived also the Auxiliary Troops of Franconia and Suabia, and two Companies of Passau and Ratisbonne. The 2d of July the Troops of Brandenburg arrived under the Command of the Marshal General Schonen. The 13th the Christians mount∣ed and made themselves Masters of the Breach; but the Infidels setting Fire to a Furnace, several Volunteers of great Note, with a great Number of Soldiers, were killed or wounded. The 23d it was thought fit to summon the Be∣sieged. The Earl of Konigseck, Ayde de Camp General, was sent with an Interpreter and a Drummer to make the Sum∣mons. The Turks came to meet him, and took the Letter, which they presented to the Commander. There was a Truce of two Hours made On both Sides. The Turks brought a Letter wrapped in Scarlet, written by the Governor, in answer to that of Prince Charles; wherein he declared that he was resolved to make a vigorous Defence. After this Answer there was great Firing made on both Sides. The 27th the Christians gave a general Assault, and became Ma∣sters of three Towers, at the three Quarters of Prince Charles of Lorrain, of the Marshall of Schonen, General of the Troops of Brandenbourg, and of the Elector of Bavaria. The 1st of August the Besieged sent two Agas, who offered, in the Name of the Visir of Buda, to remit this Place, with all its Dependencies, and what other two Towns the Emperor should make choice of, if he would make Peace; but as Prince Charles was informed that the Emperor would do no∣thing, but with the Consent of his Allies, he dismissed the Agas. On the 14th, the Turks, who came to the Relief of Buda, appeared in Battel Array; Prince Charles fought them, he took eight Pieces of Cannon, and forty Standards, with the loss of about 200 Men. The next day there were found in the Field 2200 dead Bodies. The 22d the Bavarians seized on one of the Towers of the Castle. The 29th the Turks made another Attempt to enter into the City, but they were repulsed by the Christians. The 31st they got Advice that the Grand Visir was extreamly dissatisfied with the 2 Bassas who commanded the Troops which the Christians had de∣feated the 29th, and that his Army was but of about 30000 Men. Lastly, the 2d of September was the general Assault given: The Elector of Bavaria, accompanied with the Prince of Baden begun it, by attacking the Castle. A little while after, Prince Charles of Lorrain, attended by the Prin∣ces of Croy, Newbourg, and Commerci, the Ganerals Souches, Diepenthal, Scherffemberg, and the chief Voluntiers of the Army, marched to the Assault. After a fierce Combat, which lasted an Hour, the Governor being killed upon the Breach, the Turks lost Courage, and retired in Disorder to the foot of a Wall of the Castle. The Imperialists being en∣tered the City, made a terrible Slaughter. The Elector of Bavaria found a stronger Resistance at the Castle; for the Turks who were there in their Retrenchments, not knowing that the City was taken, defended themselves with a great deal of Courage; at last, being overpowered, they set fire, through Despair, to several Places of the City. After a great Massacre, the Elector of Bavaria caused Quarter to be given to near 2000 Men, who were retired into the Castle, whilst the Earl of Koningseck carried the same Orders to the Imperialists from Prince Charles of Lorrain. This they did, because the Infidels might have defended themselves yet a great while; for they had at their Head, the Aga of the Janisaries, with the Bassa's Lieutenant, the Mufti, and se∣veral other Officers, who were made Prisoners by the Bava∣rians: Most of the Women and Children were also saved. The Infidels being disarmed, some were conducted to a Mosque, and the rest left in the Castle, whilst the Fire they had kindled in the City raged so far, that the Walls of the Houses hardly escaped its Fury. The next day the two Generals visited the Place, and found in it above 400 Pieces of Artillery, 4 of which, of an extraordinary bigness, they call the 4 Evangelists. There was Ammunitions also found in it for more than a Month. The Christians did not loose a∣bove 100 Men in this Action, and as they were preparing to go to attack the Grand Visir in his Camp, they were inform∣ed that he had abandoned it. A Treasure of 300000 Du∣cats discovered in the City, was given to the Bassa to use as he should see occasion. There were also 60000 Sequins found, with other Sums, buried in the Ground in divers Places. The Library of the ancient Kings of Hungary, so much aug∣mented by Matthias Corvin, being not in the least damnified, was transported to Vienna. It is said that a Writing in Turkish Language was found in the Mufty's Cloaths, which was an Order of the Grand Signior, to make publick Pray∣ers throughout the whole Extent of his Empire, to appease the Wrath of God, who was irritated against the Musulmans. Buda lies 49 German Miles North from Belgrade, and 54 South of Vienna.
• * Buddesdale, a Market Town in Suffolk, in Hartesmore Hun∣dred, has a good Grammar-School, endowed with certain Scholarships assigned to Cambridge; from London 72 Miles.
• Bude (William) a French man, Lord of Merly-la-ville, Counsellor to the King, and Master of the Requests, was a great Ornament to his Country by his Erudition and Worth. He was second Son to John Bude, Lord of Yere, and of Villi∣ers, and Born at Paris in 1476. He raised himself happily above the ridiculous Custom of his Times, when Persons of Quality look'd upon Learning with Contempt; and with so much the greater Glory, that he never had any Master to teach him, nor Rival to inspire him with Emulation. His Knowledge in the Greek Tongue was such, that John Lascaris, the Learnedest of the Grecians of his time, said he might be compared to the most excellent Orators of old Athens. That of his Works, which got him most Reputation, is his Trea∣tise of ancient Coins, Intituled, De Asse, wherein he shewed that he could unfold all the Mysteries of Antiquity. Some Ger∣mans, who endeavoured to rob him of this Honour, and Erasmus himself, who calls him the Prodigy of France, envi∣ed

• his Reputation, and used his private Intreagues to lessen it; but it was too well established to be shook, Learning was not the only good Quality he was recommendable for, nor his Birth his greatest Advantage; he was very Wise and Pious, Modest, Honest, Obliging, and took a singular De∣light in Serving his Friends, and procuring some Establish∣ment for Learned Men. King Francis I. loved to have him near his Person, and it was by his Persuasion that this Mo∣narch founded the Royal Colledge, to teach in it the Tongues and Sciences. He dy'd at Paris, August the 26th, 1540. He ordered by his Testament, that he should be bu∣ried at Night, and without Pomp, in the Church of St. Ni∣cholas in the Fields, which made some believe that he was inclin'd to the Opinions of the Protestants. Howbeit, What passed then, gave Salomonius Macrinus Subject to compose this Epitaph.

  Budaeus voluit media de nocte Sepulchro Inferri, & nullas prorsus adesse faces: Non factum ratione caret, clarissima mundo Ipse sibi lampas, luxque corusca fuit.

• Besides his Work de Asse, Bude has left Annotationes in Pandect. Commentaria, Ling. Graec. Lat. &c. All the Learned of his time strove to make his Panegyrick in Prose and Verse. A∣mongst the latter, I find one of Th••odorus Beza, and one of Latomus, both worthy of being inserted here. This is the first,

  Unus Budaeus terramque, polosque, hominesque Devinxit magna providus arte sibi. Coelo animum, terrae corpus donavit habendum, At cerebri nobis dona superba dedit. Sic decessit inops, nam nil sibi liquerat ipse. Verum haec paupertas unica vincit opes.

  Beza composed besides another Epitaph for him. This is that of Latomus, which others have ascribed to them∣selves.

  Budaeus columen, decusque Graium: Budaeus Latiae corona Linguoe: Budaeus dubii lucerna Juris: Budaeus Pater Elegantiarum, Et fons totius eruditionis: Budaeus Patriae jubar coruscum, Regis delicium sui, suaeque Tempestatis honos, lepos, voluptas, Hic terrae exuvias reliquit, Orbi Famam, Astris animam. Viator ito. Paul Jove Thuan. St. Marthe.

• Budes, a Brachman or Philosopher of the Indies, lived in the second Century. He was one of the Masters of Manes the Heresiarch, according to Suidas, and his Disciples believ∣ed that he was born of a Virgin.
• Budoa, a Town of Dalmatia, belonging to the Venetians, with a Bishoprick Suffragant to Antivari, whereof the Turks are Masters. It is scituated upon the Sea, betwixt the Gulph of Cataro, and the City of Dulcigna. Pliny, Ptolomy, and Stephanus of Bizantium have made mention of it under the Name of Butua, Bulua, Buthac. Alexandro Donato having cowardly yielded Antivari to the Turks, in 1571. Augustin Pasqualigo surrendred Budoa, whereof he was Governor; but was not blamed, because of the Weakness of the Place. Za∣charias Salomoni, Governor of Cataro, having retook it soon after with the Land and Sea Forces, the Republick took care to fortifie it; so that though it is a small Place, yet it is very regular. It suffered much in 1667 by an Earth∣quake; but that care was taken to repair the Ruines caused by this Accident.
• Budos (Ludovica) Wife to the Constable Montmorency, be∣ing dead in 1599, appeared so hideous, and her Visage so di••figured, that she could not be look'd upon without Hor∣ror; which caused divers disadvantageous Judgments of her, as were made of the Dutchess of Beaufort, who dy'd a little before with the same Symptoms. Mezeray.
• Buell (John IV. of) Great Master of the Archers of France, did the same Function with the Great Masters of the Artille∣ry, and the Colonels of the French Infantry. He was Lieu∣tenant to the Duke of Anjou at the Siege of Montpelier, and several other Cities of Languedoc. He had also the Charge of the Seneschal of Tolosa; in 1377, the King nam∣ed him his Lieutenant General of the Provinces of Guienne, Languedoc, Rouergne, Quercy, Agenois, Bigorre and Bazadois. He and his Brother Peter de Bueil defeated the English, and took General Felton, Seneschal of Bourdeaux, and a great number of other Prisoners. He afterwards accompanied the Duke of Anjou, and did good Service in all the Conquests of this Prince, who reduced Six score Cities or strong Places. He was at last killed at the Battle of Azin∣court in 1415, in which defeat 'twas remarked that there were Sixteen Persons of the Name of Bueil taken or killed. Chevalier.
• Bueil (Lewis of) Earl of Sancerre, Knight of the King's Order, Great Cup-bearer of France, rendered himself famous in the Sixteenth Age. He was wounded at the Battel of Marignan, and taken Prisoner at that of Pavia. He signa∣lized himself in the most perillous Occasions of War, under the Kings, Henry II. Francis II. and Charles IX. He saved the Prince of Conde's Life, put a stop to all the Emperor's Forces before St. Didier in Champaign, and finally, defeated there the Enemy's whole Army. Chevalier.
• * Buenos Ayres, This City is called Cividad de la Trinidad, and was built by Petro de Mendoza, on the South Side of La Plata in 1535. It is seated in a Plain, bounded with Mountains to the East. The Town was so fair deserted, that in 1542 Cabeza de Vaca setled a second Colony in it, and in 1582 a third was sent, since which last Settlement it has still been inhabited. It lies in Lat. 34. 45. about 63 Leagues from the Mouth of the River, having la Plata to the North, and another River to the South, on an advanced Ground, and encompassed with a small Rampart, scarce 5 Foot thick; the Houses are most of Clay, and are defended by a few Can∣non: The Inhabitants in 1630, were not above 200, imploy∣ed mostly in Husbandry and feeding Cattle; but it has some Trade with Brasile and Potosi; but the King of Spain discou∣rageth this Trade what he can, for fear Brasil should be en∣riched by it. Potosi is 400 Leagues to the West from this City, and betwixt them there is a good and easie Passage. It has all things needful in abundance. Laet. 528.
• Buffalmalco (Buonamico) a famous Painter, was in great Reputation in the Sixteenth Age. Being consulted by Bruno, a Painter of his time, how a lively Colour could be given to Figures, and a strong Expression; he taught him how to improve the Colour, and make it more beautiful; and for the other, advised him to make written Rolls come out of the Mouth of the Figures, that so they may seem to speak to one another, which is seen in some Pictures drawn by Ci∣mabué. This new manner of expressing things, took so with Bruno, and the Painters of that time, that they practised it in most of their Works: So that what Buffal∣maco said in Joak, introduced this ridiculous kind of Ex∣pression. He died in the year 1340. Felibien.
• Bugenhagen (John) a Protestant Minister, born at Wollin in Pomerania, 1485. Thuanus praiseth him for his sweet Hu∣mor and great Learning. He taught in his own Country, was made Priest, and look'd upon as one of the most Learn∣ed of his time. He shewed at a first great Aversion to the Doctrine of Luther. Yet having afterwards embraced his Opi∣nions, he became a most zealous Defender thereof, helped to make it to be received at Hambourg, at Lubec in Denmark, in the Duchy of Brunswick and elsewhere. He was afterwards Minister of Wittemberg, where he died in 1558, being 37 years of Age. He has written Commentaries upon the Epistles of St. Paul, and some other Works. Thuan. Melchi∣or Adom.
• Buge••, a small Country of France, betwixt the Rhone, which separates it from Savoy and Dauphine, the River of Ains, which parts it from Bresse, and the Country of Bour∣gogne. Its Length from the Bridge of Ains to Seissel, is 16 Leagues. Its Breadth from Dortans, upon the Frontier of the County, to the Port of Loyettes, about 10. Belley is the Head Town thereof, with a Bishop's See. The other Towns and considerable Boroughs are, Seissel, Nantua, Vaux, Ambronay, and St. Rambert, with an Abbey, Lanicu, Chatillon de Cor∣neille, Chatillon de Michaille, S. Sorlin, Poncin, Cerdon, &c. Bugey is a fertile Country in Corn, Wines, Fruits, &c. There are good Pastures in it, lofty Woods, several Lakes, and divers Rivers, as the Rhone, the Ains, the Vauferine, the Seran, the Furan, the Albarine, &c. This Country had the same Lords with Bresse until 1601, that it submitted to France. Guichenon.
• * Bugia Salde, a strong City on the Mediterranean Sea, in the Kingdom of Algier, which has a good Harbor, and a strong Castle; it stands at the Mouth of a considerable Ri∣ver of the same Name, to the West of Algier, and is the Ca∣pital of a Province called Bugia. This City was taken by the Spaniards in 1508, retaken by the Turks, and is now un∣der the Algerines. In 1671 Sir Edward Sprague, an English Admiral, took and burnt, under the Guns of this Castle, nine of the best Men of War the Algerines had, who there∣upon cut off the Head of their King, and made a Peace with us, much to the Advantage of England. Nubiens. P. 82. saith, it is seated upon a Rock at the the Foot of Mount A∣masiun to the So; that it was imployed for an Arsenal to build Ships, having plenty of Timber, and Mines of Iron. He calls it Bugiaya. Leo. Afric. P. 135. saith, the Kings of Telensin were first Lords of this City, and after that, the Kings of Tunis. It was built, as its thought, by the Ro∣mans. It stands on the side of an high Mountain, on the Mediterranean Sea, encompassed with ancient, strong, high Walls, and in his time had about 8000 Families, but was capable of 24000. The Houses, Mosques and Colledges were most magnificently built, and the Market-place was large and fair; towards the Top of the Mountain it had a beautiful, strong, large Castle. The Inhabitants were Rich and Valiant, and always at War with the Spaniards, who 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• Bullinger (Henry) a Zuinglian Minister of Zurich, was born at Bremgarten, a Burrough of Swisserland, situate upon the River Russi near Lucern in 1504, he began to write at 20 years of Age, and published two Dialogues in favour of Capnion against a Jew called Pfessercorn. Sometime after coming to Zurich, he embraced the Doctrine of Zuinglius, and succeeded him as Minister in that City, where he became very famous both for Learning and Piety; He wrote several Homilies, Sermons, and Commented upon several Books of the New-Testament, all which were published in 10 Tomes, besides the fine Book he published in High-Dutch under this Title, Anklag Gottes an Die Eidnos chafft, wherein he intro∣duces God checking the Swissers severely, and upbraiding 'em for hiring their Men, and receiving yearly Pensions from Princes of different Religion; in this and in most other things imitating Zuinglius. He died in 1573, aged 71. Mel∣chior Adam speaks thus of him, Nullum Argumenti genus fuit in quo probe is non fuerit versatus.
• Bullerborn, a famous Fountain near the Village of Olden∣beck, in the Forest of Teuteberg, or of Dothmold in West∣phalia. It is so called from the German word Bulleren, which signifieth, to make a great noise; whence the Latins have named it Fons Tumultuarius; and this name has been given to it, because at its source there is an an extraordinary whistling heard. This Fountain has a marvelous Quality; for after having ran a matter of an hour, it ceaseth during 3 hours; and then runs again, and continues thus by irregular vicissi∣tudes. This Spring yields much Water, which at a Leagues distance buries it self in the Ground. Some say that it does not now run by intervals, as before, and that this marvelous effect of nature, which had appeared so many Ages, ceased in 1638. Since which time it yields its Waters continually as other Sources do. Monumenta Paderbornensia.
• * Bullingbrook, a Market Town of Lindsey Division in the East parts of Lincolnshire. 'Tis seated in a low Ground near the Spring of a River which runs Southward from hence into the Witham, and is chiefly noted for being the Birth-place of K. Henry IV. commonly called Henry of Bullingbrook. And almost ever since his time one of the Honours, as we call it, of the Kings of England. In the year 1624, K. James I. made it an Earldom by conferring the Title of Earl hereof upon Oliver Lord St. John of Blesso, fetching his Descent from the Lady Margaret Beauchamp, Grandmother to Hen. VII. from which E. is descended in a right Line the Right-Ho∣nourable Paulet St. John the present E. of Bullingbrook.
• * Bungay, a Market Town in Suffolk, in Wangford Hun∣dred, upon the Banks of the River Wavenay, having two Parish Churches, one of which is fair. Here is also a Gram∣mar-School with 10 Scholarships for Emanuel-Colledge in Cam∣bridge, from London 85 miles.
• Bungo, a City and Kingdom of the Isle of Ximo, belong∣ing to Japan. The City is situated on the East Coast near a Gulf, betwixt Funei, which it has on the North, and Usuqui on the South. The King of Bungo embraced the Christian Religion in the 16th Age, and almost all his Subjects did the like; but the Persecution which arose in Japan, has made them to change their Belief.
• Buntin or Buntingius (Henry) a German, a Saxon born, lived in 1593. He gave to the Publick an universal Chro∣nology. He has also composed the Itinerary of Holy Writ, a Chronicle of Brunswic, which Meibanius has corrected and continued to 1620, &c. Martin Zeiller.
• * Buntingford, a Market Town in Edwinstree Hundred in Hartfordshire, from London 36 miles.
• Buonacorsi, otherwise Perrin del Vague, was one of the famousest Painters of his time. Raphael employ'd him to work on the Apartment of the Vatican which he was Paint∣ing for Leo X. and in other Works which he continued for Clement VII. in 1523. Julius the Roman, and John Francisco Penny courted his friendship, and as a greater tie, Penny Married his Sister to him. Two years after this Alliance, Perrin having lost all he had in the Siege of Rome, was advis'd to go to Genoa, where he Painted the Palace of Prince Doria, which got him much credit. Returning again to Rome, he was chosen to work the Ceiling of the Hall of Kings in the Vatican, but did not finish it, being prevented by a sudden death in 1547. Fetibien.
• Bupalus, a famous Carver, lived with Anthermus, or A∣thenis according to others, in the 60th Olympiad, about the year 216 of Rome. Thy exposed a Poets Picture in raillery, whose name was Hipponax, a very ill favoured Man; This drew upon them such a bloody Satyr, that some Authors writ that they hang'd themselves for vexation.
• Bura, an ancient City of Achaia in Peloponnesus, upon the Coast of the Gulf of Corinth, was destroyed by an Earth∣quake, and the Ruines which remain of it are now called Pernitza, betwixt Patras and Vasilica, which is a Village where in times past stood the City of Sicyon. The Oracle of Hercules, whose Statue was adored in a Cave near Bura, ren∣dred it famous. Those that came to consult this Oracle took four Dice, and casting them on a Table, observed the marks on the upper sides, and sought for the same Figures in the Table, the Exposition of which they found, and so knew what was to befall them, and what they should undertake. Pausanias in Achaie.
• Burdin or Bourdin (Maurice) was Native of Limoges. He followed Bernard Archbishop of Toledo to Spain, who made him Archdeacon of his Church, after that he was made Bishop of Conimbre, and finally Archbishop of Brague in Por∣tugal. Some time after he went to Rome, and offered a very considerable Sum of Money to Paschall II. to advance him to the See of Toledo; being denied, he sided with the Emperor Henry V. and obliged Pope Gelasius, Successor to Paschal, to retire into France, where he soon after died at Cluny; and got himself to be created Anti-Pope under the name of Grego∣ry VIII. in 1118. Calixtus II. Successoe to Gelasius, gave orders to Cardinal John de Creme to lay Siege to Sutri, where Burdin was, whom the Inhabitants delivered to him, and he sent him to Rome. Baronius Sigonius.
• Bureau (John) Lord of Montglat, Knight, and Chamber∣lain to the King, had only the Quality of Ordinary Re∣ceiver of Paris, when King Charles VII. committed unto him the government of the Artillery of France for the Siege of the City of Meaux, in 1439. He performed again the Function of Master of the Artillery, when the King made War with the Princes of the Blood Royal, who were in rebellion against him in 1440. He also exercised that Charge against the English in 1441; served at the Sieges of Pontaise and Har∣fleur; commanded the Franc-Archers before Falais; was at the taking of Bayeux, and assisted at the Capitulation of Caen. He signalized himself besides at the taking of ••erge∣rac, and the recovery of Guienne; made the Treaties for the surrender of the Castles of Montguyon, and of Blaye; and laid Siege to Libourne and St. Millon which he took. He was after∣wards made Commissioner to Treat about the Reduction of Bourg, Fronsac, and Bourdeaux, whereof he was declared Per∣petual Mayor. He help'd to bring under his Kings Obedi∣ence Castillon, Cadilla••, and Bourdeaux in 1453, and was made Knight by King Lewis the XI. at his Coronation. He died at Paris the 5th of July 1463.
• Buren, a small Town of the Low-Countreys, in the Province of Guelderland, with the Title of a County. It is situated near the River of Slingh, upon the Brook called in times past The Ditch of Mules, 1 League from Tiel, 3 from Bois-le-Duc, and as many from Utrecht.
• * Burford, a Market Town of Brampton Hundred in the South∣west parts of Oxfordshire, situated upon an Ascent on the South∣side of the Windrush, being a Town of good Antiquity, near which a great Battel was fought An. 750. between Cuthbert K. of the West-Saxons, and Ethelbald the Mercian K. in which Ethelbald was totally defeated, and his Dragon Banner won from him. The Memory whereof has continued for several Ages in the Custom us'd here of making a Dragon yearly, and carrying it about the Town in great jollity on Midsum∣mer-Eve, with the Addition of a Giant to it. Of late Bur∣ford is noted for giving the Title of E. to the Duke of S. Al∣bans. It is 61 miles from London. Near the Town is a place called Burford-Downs, much resorted to by Gentry for Horse-Races.
• Burgaw or Burgow Burgavia, a Country of Germany in Suabia, with the Title of Marquisate, lies along the Danube which is on the North of it, and betwixt Look on the East, and 2 or 3 other small Rivers, which it has on the North; and which do discharge themselves in the Danube below Iller-Burgaw the Capital City, situated upon the River of Mindel; gives its name to the Country. There are besides some good Burroughs, and famous Monasteries, as Welden, Wetenhau∣sen, Reisempurg, Jetingen, &c. This Country is about 8 or 10 Leagues in length, and its breadth much the same. It formerly had particular Marquesses. Henry the last of that Family died about 1283, since which time the Marquisate of Burgaw fell to the House of Austria, and it has been often the Title and Portion of its younger Sons.
• Burgensis, (Lewis) first Physician to the Kings Francis I. and Henry II. was born at Blois in 1494. He was Son to John Burgensis Physician to Lewis Duke of Orleance, since King of France, and XII of the name. He was received Doctor of Physick of the Faculty of Paris at 18 years of age, and King Francis I. admitted him at the Age of 22 into the num∣ber of his Physicians in Ordinary. Lewis Burgensis was af∣terwards first Physician to his Majesty. He contributed to the deliverance of the King, when he was Prisoner at Ma∣drid, by an Artifice that Charles V. a cunning Politician, did not in the least mistrust. Francis I. being fallen sick, this able Physician made the Emperor believe that there was no hope of his Cure, because the Air of the Country was alto∣gether contrary to him. This obliged Charles V. to Treat with him speedily, that he might not loose his Ransom▪ and thus Francis I. made his Agreement in 1526, upon Condi∣tions which the Emperor would not otherwise have accepted of. Burgensis was rewarded at the Kings return, and bought the Lordships of Montgougier and Mulan. After the death of Francis I. he was also first Physician to Henry II. and Fernel, though in great favour, would not dispute this Rank with him.
• * Burgh, a Market Town of Lincolnshire, it belongs to Wray Wapentake in Lindsey Division.
• Burgos, upon Arlanca, a Town of Spain, Capit••l of Castil the O••••, with an Archbishoprick erected by Pope Gre∣gory

• XIII. Some take it for the Braum or Bravum of Ptolomey, and others call it Burgi Burgum, and Marturgum. It is one of the beautifullest, greatest, and best Peopled of all Spain; situated upon the side of a Hill, which has a pretty strong and ancient Castle upon the top of it, and at the foot the River of Arlanca, over which are divers Bridges. It's Streets are narrow and ill ordered, as in most ancient Cities; yet there are some larger and fairer, chiefly those which end at the places of Lana, of Huerte del Rei, and of the Cathedral Church which is extreamly magnificent. Besides which there are others very well built, with divers Abbies, Mona∣steries, and a Colledge of Jesuits. The Dominicans have also one there. The Monastery of the Crucifix belonging to the Augustins, is also very famous. Burgos is a Trading Town, beautified with a great number of Fountains and Palaces, amongst which that of the Constable, and of the Archbishops are most esteemed. The Episcopal See was translated thither from the Old City of Auca in 1075, or ac∣cording to others in 1097. And Gregory XIII. as I have said, turned it into an Archbishoprick at the request of Philip II. King of Spain; and it has for Suffragants Pampelune, Cala∣horra, and Palencia. Mariana, l. 8. c. 2. M.
• Burgundy, Lower Burgundy, or the Dutchy of Burgundy, a Province of France, which in times past had the Title of a Kingdom, and afterwards of Dutchy and Peerdom. As it is now, it has Franche-Comté and Bresse on the East, Cham∣pagne on the North, Bourbonnois and Nivernois on the West, and Beaujolois on the South, extending above 50 Leagues from South to North, and 30 from West to East. It com∣prehends the Country called Montague, which contains Cha∣stillonis, Maconnois, Chalonnois, Auxois, Auxerrois, Autunois, the Country of Surseance or Revermont, wherein are Savigne and Fontaine Francoise; and the Charolois. Dijon, a Parlia∣ment City, is the Capital thereof. The others are Autun, Châlon, Macon, and Auxerre with a Bishops See, Beaune, Châ∣tillon upon Seine, Semeur, Auxonne, St. Jean de Lone, Tournus, Verdun, Bellegarde formerly Seure, Bourbon-Lancy, Arnai-le-Duc, Avalon, Alize, Tonnerre, Saulieu, Rulli, Charoles, &c. Burgundy is a very considerable Province for its largeness, situation, and fertility. It is commonly called the Mother of Corn and Wines. It is watered with divers Rivers, which do equally contribute to render it plentiful. The Seine has its Source there at the Village of St. Seine. It is watered on the East by the Saone, which receives there the Dehune, hav∣ing taken in the Bursure, the Ouche, together with the Tille, and divers other Brooks. On the West the Loire separates Burgundy from Bourbonnois, and receives the Reconse, the Bre∣bince, the Arroux, &c. and finally the Yonne which passeth at Auxerre, and which comes from Nivernois, receives the Causin or Avalon, the Sezin or Serin, the Armenson and the Brenne, with the Oserain and the Loze, which have all of them their Source in Burgundy. The Inhabitants are meek and honest, and want neither Wit nor Courage. It has fur∣nish'd Marshals to France, Officers to the Crown, divers fa∣mous Writers, and several Saints, among the rest St. Bernard, whose Abbey of Cistercian was in his time call'd the School of Holiness, and the Seminary of the Bishops of France. This Abbey is the head of the Order. Burgundy has moreover that of Cluny, which has not been less famous then the Cis∣tercian, that of Val-des-choux also head of an Order, La Ferté upon Grosne, &c. The People that established this Kingdom in the time of Honorius, came from Old Germany. The French pretend that they are of a Gaulish Original, Sub∣jects or Allies to the Autunois, and that the latter having made Peace with the Senonois, the Burgundians who feared their resentment withdrew into Germany with their Families, where they joined with the Vandals. But their tallness, which commonly was of 7 Foot according to the testimony of Sidonius Apollinaris, their Customs and Religion, shew ra∣ther that they came out of the North, as well as the Goths, Alani, and Lumbards. They lodged in Tents, which they joined together, the better to be in a way of making a Body, when it was requisite to take Arms; and called these kinds of Assemblies Burgi, whence is come the name of Burgundi and Burgundiones. Their Religion was like unto that of the other Northern Nations: They had several Priests, but the Head and Principal of them all was distinguished by the name of Siniste, which was a Title of Honour. He was perpetual, and the People had an extraordinary respect and consideration for him. They received the Christian Faith about the year 401 or 430. In 370 the Emperor Valentinian invited them to fall upon the Germans. They came to the Rendezvous, upon the Banks of the Rhine, to the number of 80000; but the Emperor not coming to it, they retired into their Burroughs or Tents, and 3 years after they return∣ed to the same number. Then it was that they began to establish themselves along the Rhine. The Burgundians pas∣sed the Rhine under Gaudisele in 404 or 408, and they at first settled themselves along that River in what is now call'd Alsatia, Franche-Comte, and Switzerland. Gundicare his Son extended his Conquests afterwards from the Rhone to the Sone, and subdued Dauphine, Savoy, and part of Provence, where Aetius defeated him in 434. But afterwards yielded unto him what the Burgundians possessed in Western Provence as far as the Durance, and made Alliance with him about 450. The ensuing year Gundicaire came with an Army to succour him against Attila, and was killed at the famous Battle of Châlons in Champagne. His Son Gunderic succeeded him, and reigned about 22 years, died in 473, leaving four Sons Gom∣baud or Gondebaud, Chilperic, Godomar, and Godegesile. Gau∣debaud made a General Edict which comprehended the Laws of the Burgundians, and this is it which Frederick of Linde∣brog has published in his Collection of ancient Laws, under its ancient Title of the Laws of the Burgundians, which Hi∣storians do ordinarily call the Gambette Law. The four Sons of Gunderic went to War with one another. Chilperic had at first all the advantage, and defeated Gondebaud near Autumn about the year 476 or 78. But the latter surprising Vienne and his Brothers in it. He caused Chilperic and his two Sons to be beheaded, and his Wife to be flung into the Ronc, but spar'd the two Daughters of this unfortunate Prince. The eldest is diversly called Chrune, Threne, and Mercuria, became a Nun, and the youngest named Clotilda was Married to Clovis the Great. Godomar his Brother who retired into the Palace, was burn'd by the Kings Order. He died without Children, as did Godegesile the other Brother; and thus Gondebaud re∣united the States of the Burgundians, and died in 509 or 516, according to the Chronicle of Marius of Avranches, leaving two Sons Sigismund and Godomar. The first Married Ostro∣gotha Daughter to Theodoric King of the Goths in Italy, and had by her Sigeric, and a Daughter which was Wife or Mo∣ther to Thierry King of Austrasia, Son to Clovis the Great-Sigismund Married a second Wife, who animated him a∣gainst Sigeric, whom he put to death. He was afterwards defeated and taken Prisoner by Clodomir King of Orleance, one of Clovis's Sons, who order'd him with his Wife and Chil∣dren, to be flung into a Well, in 524, at a Village called S. Pere-Avy-la-Colombe, in the Diocess of Orleance. Godomar succeeded his Brother, and was defeated in the same year at the Battle of Voirou, where Clodomir was killed. Clotaire I. and Childebert I. Brothers to the latter, pursued Godomar, who perished in 534, according to the Chronicle of Marius, or according to others in 532. Thus ended the Kingdom of the Burgundians, which had lasted 126 years after their coming into Gaul, or about 90 after they were absolute Masters of these great Provinces. Boson about the end of the Reign of the Carlovingians, established a new Kingdom which lasted to Rodolphus or Raoul King of the Transjuran, Burgundy, and Arles, who died in 1033, naming the Empe∣ror Conrad his Heir, who had Married Gisele his youngest Sister, without considering Eudes Earl of Champagne, Hus∣band to Berthe that was eldest. By this Institution, this Kingdom was tied to the Empire, which loosing its possession, lost also the Title thereof. At the same time Henry I. King of France yielded what we call Dutchy of Burgundy to his Brother Robert; whence came the first Branch of the Dukes of Burgundy of the Blood-Royal. It had 12 Dukes in 330 years time, the last of which was Philip I. who died at the Age of 16 years in 1361. This Country being re∣united to France, was given by King John to his Son Philip the Bold in 1363. Philip II. dying in 1404, left the Dutchy to John his eldest Son, who was killed in 1419 at Montereau Faut-Yonne, in revenge of the death of Lewis Duke of Or∣leance. Philip the Good succeeded him, and died in 1467, leaving Charles the last Duke, who was beaten by the Switzers, and killed before Nanci in 1477. His Daughter Mary brought Franche-Compte, with the Low-Countries, to the House of Austria, by her Marriage to Maximilian of Austria after∣wards Emperor, and Grandfather to Charles V. King Lewis XI. reunited the Dutchy to France.
• Burgundy, Franche-Comte or County of Burgundy, called also Upper-Burgundy, a Province with the Title of a County, is properly the Country of the ancient Sequani. It has Switzerland and Alsatia on the East, Bresse, Bugey, and the Country of Gex on the South, Lorrain on the North, the Dutchy of Burgundy and part of Champagne on the West. Some do divide it by Bailiwicks, and others make 3 parts of it, which are the Upper or of Amont, the Middle or of Dolac, the Lower or of Aval Dole is its Capital City, the others are Besancon, Greci, Selins, and Vesoul. The less con∣siderable are S. Claude, Orgelet, S. Amour, Arlay, Lyon le Sannier, &c. The Forts of S. Ann, and the Castle of Jux have been famous. Franche-Comte has Mountains on the East and North. The Country is fertil enough in Corn, Wines, and Wood. Here are also excellent Salt-Pits, and it is watered with divers Rivers, the most considerable of which is the Saone. Lewis XIV. of France took it in 1668, re∣stor'd it by the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle, and retook it in 1674.
• Burick or Budrick, Lat. Burichum, Budrichium and Burun∣chium, a Town of Germany in the Dutchy of Cleves, upon the Rhine, within 2 or 3 Leagues of Guelderland, pretty well fortified. The Hollanders were Masters of it, and it is one of the 4 Cities that the French King caused to be attacked at one and the same time at the opening of the Campagne of Holland in 1672. The Marshal of Turenne besieged it.
• Buris and Spertis, two Gallant Lacedemonians who of their own accord presented themselves to Xerxes, to undergo what kind of punishment he would inflict, to expiate the Crime 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉
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• Sign of their Religion. The Letters C and Q differ so very little, that several Grammarians had a mind to reject Q as su∣perfluous pretending that the C and U would suffice. Yet the Distinction and difference of these two Letters is so necessary, that we find antient Poets placed their C where we make use of Q, when they had a mind to divide a Word. So Lucretius makes cuiret of three Syllables for quiret, and Plautus has ••cua and relicuus for aqua and reliquus. Plautus, Ausonius.