The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary being a curious miscellany of sacred and prophane history : containing, in short, the lives and most remarkable actions of the patriarchs, judges, ... heresiarchs, ... emperors, ... and all those who have recommended themselves to the world ... together with the establishment and progress both of religious and military orders ... ; [with] The genealogy of several illustrious families in Europe ; The fabulous history of the heathen gods and heroes ; The description of empires, kingdoms ... / collected from the best historians, chronologers, and lexicographers ... but more especially out of Lewis Morery ... his sixth edition corrected and enlarged by Monsieur Le Clark ... now done into English ; to which are added by way of supplement ... the lives ... and writings of the illustrious families of our English, Scotch and Irish nobility ... clergy ; as also an exact description of these kingdoms ... by several learned men ; wherein are inserted the last five years historical and geographical collections of Edmond Bohun ... never extant till in this work.

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  Oracle. The Original of Oracles is very ancient, but the Hi∣stories on which they are founded seem to be pure Fables. For thus Herodotus, in his second Book intituled Euterpe, describes that of the Oracle of Dodona. The Priests of this Place affirm'd, that two black Pigeons flew from Thebes into Egypt, whereof one pearch'd upon an Oak, and was heard to say, That there ought to be built an Oracle of Jupiter in that Place, which they immediately performed. The other settled in Libya, which occasioned the Establishment of the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon. The Craft of the Priests and Silliness of the People got them great Credit, which they maintained a long time, by ambigu∣ous Answers. And Eusebius proves that they were perfect Cheats, First, by the Authority of the very Pagan Philosophers, as A∣ristotle and others, who always said, That Oracles were but Priest-craft, by which the Credulous were abused under the colour of Divinity. Cicero laughs at the famous Answer made to Croesus: and adds, That this of Ennius, Aio te Aeacida Roma∣nos vincere posse, was made in imitation of it, and the more ri∣diculous, because Apollo never spoke Latin This Cheat Demo∣sthenes discovered a long time before, when he complained that Pythia Philippiz'd, that is, brib'd with money, rendred Answers always in favour of Philip, King of Macedonia. Notwithstand∣ing this, great Men disdained not to have recourse to them, to authorize their Laws and Counsels, as Lycurgus, when he established his Laws amongst the Lacedaemonians; and Themisto∣cles, when he advised the Athenians to quit the City to the Persi∣ans, and embark to fight them; the People, that would rather die than abandon their Towns and Gods, were at last persuaded to it by Apollo's Answer. Pompey, when he design'd to establish Ptolomy in Egypt, made the Romans believe that the Sibyl said, When the Kingdom of Egypt failed, there should then a Prince rise, who should command all the World; which shews that the Leading Men stoop'd to these Cheats. Some, and those conside∣rable Men too, object against this Opinion concerning Ora∣cles, and hold, with the Christian Authors of the Primi∣tive Church, That Devils gave Responses. For Tertullian speaks thus, They would imitate God, in pretending to Fore∣knowledge and Divination, but Croesus and Pyrrhus are acquain∣ted with the Cheat of their ambiguous Answers, to fit them to whatsoever should happen. Eusebius also says, They made An∣swers in Statues and Bodies consecrated to them. The Learned Vossius is of this Opinion, for he writes thus, If some Oracles have been counterfeited by the Cunning of Persons hid in them, it does not follow but that the Devil may have answered in o∣thers, to seduce those that consulted them: and if what they said bore a double meaning, it was because they could give but subtile Conjectures concerning Futurities; and therefore made use of obscure and ambiguous words, that People should think they did not comprehend the right sence, when the Event hap∣pen'd contrary to Expectation. The chief Grounds of these Objections are, That Oracles ceased at the Birth of Christ: That the Devils themselves owned, that the Fear of the Name of Iesus Christ, hindered them from answering as they were accustomed, as the Oracle of Delphos answered Augustus, when he consulted him about his Successor. These may be thus an∣swered, First, That the Oracles of whose Silence Plutarch com∣plains, had ceased four hundred years before the Birth of our Saviour, and that such as flourished immediately before, con∣tinued a long time after. As to the Second, There is no History mentions, that Augustus ever consulted the Oracle of Delphos. Nor is it likely he took that Journey in his old Age, to know who should be his Successor, whereas he designed Tibe∣rius for the Throne. To this may be added, That the most famous Oracles of Greece ceased after the War of the Persians: for Towns and whole Provinces being laid Waste, the Priests quited their Posts; and immediately, upon their Departure, the Oracles ceased; which shew, they wholly depended on these cunning Ministers.

  As a farther Proof of these Oracles being a Cheat, they alledge, That the Priests enjoin'd a Victim to be offered, and according as they found the Motion of the Entrails they made their Conjectures, or refus'd to answer. And there were al∣ways abundance of Poets attending, who put the Answers in Verse. On the Oracle of Dodona they observe, That it was a Statue placed on a Column, having a Rod in its Hand with which it struck a brazen Basin. When the Oak by which it stood was shook with the Wind and this, the Prophetesses in∣terpreted to be Jupiter's Answer. They add further, That there were abundance of Vessels of Brass so placed as that by the motion of the Wind they struck on one another, and made a harmonious noise.

  But whatever Cheats may have been practised in those Ora∣cles, it is certain that the Devil did give Responses in some of them. Hence the Scripture tells us, That Ahaziah, King of Israel, sent to enquire of Baalzebub, the God of Ekron, whether he should recover. Whereupon the Prophet Elijah, by the Commandment of God, reproved him, and destroyed 100 of his Soldiers and two Captains by Fire from Heaven, as going on that Errand, II Kings, chap. 1. Saul had recourse to a Wo∣man that had a familiar Spirit, I Sam. 28. And in the 16th. of the Acts we have an Account of a Spirit of Divination cast out of a Damosel by St. Paul. And some Learned Men who were of Opinion, that the Stories of the Oracles owning of Christ, &c. were but Piae Fraudes, have been convinced of the probability of it from this Consideration, That the Devils them∣selves did own Christ while upon Earth to be the Son of God. The Trophonian Den, or Cave, was famous for Oracles; and those who entred the same were obliged to use many Oint∣ments and Washings, and to carry Provisions in their Hands, to give the Snakes and other Vermin there, to prevent their be∣ing destroyed or eaten up themselves. And it was observed, that such as had once entred that Den, were never merry after. Delphos was also famous for its Oracle, and the ambiguous Responses it gave, particularly that to Croesus, which occasioned his Destru∣ction, viz.

  Croesus Halyn penetrans magnam subvertet opum vim.

  Which was verified in his own Destruction, tho' he hop'd for that of his Enemies. And Suidas tells us, That Augustus, sen∣ding to consult this Oracle about his Successor, received this Answer,

  —〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

  Me puer Hebraeus, divos Deus ipse gubernans, Cedere sede jubet, tristémque redire sub orcum, Aris ergo dehinc tacitis abscedito nostris.

  An Hebrew Child, whom the blest Gods adore. Hath bid me leave these Shrines, and pack to Hell, So that of Oracles I can no more: In silence leave our Altar, and Farewell.

  Whereupon Augustus caused an Altar to be erected in the Capi∣tol with this Inscription, Haec est Ara Primogeniti Dei. Plutarch tells a memorable Story concerning the Oracles thus, in his Tract called, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Some People sailing our of Greece for Italy were becalmed about the Echinades, when on a sudden there was heard a Voice calling aloud on one Thamus, an Egyptian, then in the Ship, who neglecting the first two, answered at the third Call, Here I am; whereupon the Voice ordered him, when he came to the Palodes, to make it known, that the Great God Pan was dead. And assoon as he came to the Palodes, which are Rocks in the Ionian Sea, Thamus standing upon the Poop of the Ship, did according to directi∣on; whereupon was heard a mighty noise of many Groaning and Lamenting, together with terrible and hideous Shreikings. Tiberius the Emperor, consulting the Learned Men of his Em∣pire, who this Pan should be, they answered, The Son of Mer∣cury and Penelope. But Heylin says, That those who observed the Circumstances of this Accident, found it to happen at the time when our Saviour suffered, who was indeed the true God Pan, The chief Shepherd and Bishop of our Souls; and that upon this divulging of his Death and Passion, the Devils, who used to speak in Oracles, did with great Grief and Lamentation, forsake that Office which had been so gainfull to them, in Seducing man∣kind; their Oracles beginning then to fail, and in a short time after decayed sensibly. Heylin, lib. 2. pag. 193. The most fa∣mous Oracles of old were these following, viz. The Oracle of Apollo at Delphos, a City of Phocis in Greece; of Jupiter Dodonae∣us, in Epirus; of Jupiter Ammon, in Africa; of Apollo Clavius, near to Colophon, a City of Ionia in Asia Minor; of Serapis, at Alexandria in Egypt; of Trophonius, in Boeotia; of Sibylla Cuma∣na, in Italy, &c. Some Learned men of our Age, and especial∣ly Mr. Van Dalen, in his Treatise of Oracles, printed in Latin, at Amsterdam, in 1683. endeavours to prove, that all the ancient O∣racles were mere Impostures; and that from the Structure of the Temples where those Oracles were given, the Idols to which they were attributed, the Ceremonies those that came to con∣sult them were to observe; and shews, that had not the Consul∣ters been blinded by Prejudice, they might easily have disco∣vered the Cheat, it was so, gross and apparent.

• Oran, Lat. Oranum Icosium, a City of Barbary, in the King∣dom of Algiers, near the Borders of Tremisen, called by the Moors Guharan. It hath a very strong Castle, and a safe and

• large Haven, over against Carthagena in Spain. It was taken in 1509, by the Cardinal Ximenes, for the Spaniards, and hath continued in their possession ever since. It formerly had the Name of Quisa. In 1556, Two Thousand Men defended it against Twelve Thousand Turks, and repulsed them with great Loss. It was formerly a City of great Trade with Ita∣ly and Spain, and consisted of 6000 Families. The Harbour was small and unsafe, but— miles off is a far larger and safer. Its Mosques, Colleges, Hospitals, Baths and Inns, were well built. The Town was encompassed with high and strong Walls, ha∣ving a Plain on one side, and Mountains on the other. They formerly lived much upon Piracy, and took many Christians Slaves, which provoked Ferdinand, King of Spain, against them. So that he took it in 1507. It sustained a Siege, and beat off the Moores, December,— 1688.
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  Orange, is a City, University, and Independant Principa∣lity, inclos'd by the Kingdom of France, since the accession of Languedoc, Dauphine and Provence to that Crown. It was part of the Ancient Roman Province or Gallia Narbonensis, now Pro∣vence. The Latins called the City of Orange, Arausio Cavarum or Secundanorum, Araufica Civitas, and Arausionensis Urbs. Some think that it was built by the Phoceans the Founders of Marseil∣les, but this is uncertain. All that can be judg'd, is, That this City is very ancient, and was of old a place of Import, as may be perceiv'd by the Remains of the Magnificent Roman Stru∣ctures there, as a Cirque (or place where Spectators beheld the Circean Games) built with great Art; Aqueducts, and part of a great Tower supposed to have been one of Diana's Temples. But the most remarkable thing is, the ruines of a Triumphal Arch erected by Caius Marius and Luctatius Catulus, after their famous Victory over the Cimbri and Teutones. The City was formerly much larger than now, as appears by the Vestigies of the ancient Walls. It suffered much by the Attacks of its Neighbours, and also of the Barbarians, especially the Goths and Saracens. The old Fortifications were demolish'd in the fifth and seventh Ages, as were also three fourths of the Town, the remainder being only defended by slight Walls untill 1130, that the Princess Tiburga I. encompassed it with a strong Wall which continued till 1682, that it was totally pull'd down by order of Lewis XIV. of France, and the Inhabitants expos'd to the fury of the Souldiers. There was upon the Hill of Orange an An∣cient Magnificent Castle, and a Well of an extraordinary depth digg'd out of the Rock. In 1622 Prince Maurice built such a Regular Fortress, that Orange was look'd upon as one of the strongest Cities in Europe, but Lewis XIVth. caus'd it to be ras'd in 1660, altho by a Treaty at Avignon with the Count de Dhona, then Governour of the place, concluded on the 25th. of March that same Year, the said Lewis XIVth. was obliged to preserve it entire, and restore it to the Prince of Orange, as soon as he should be of age; and about 22 Years after he wholly dismantled the City as above-said. There have been three famous Councils held here; the first in 441, under Pope Leo I. in the time of Valentinian the Emperor, about Disci∣pline and the Right of Lay-Patronage. The Second under Foe∣lix IV. in the time of Atalarick King of Italy, and Childebert King of France, in 529, held by Liberius a Governour of the Gauls, whose Residence was at Orange; in which Council Pela∣gianism was condemned. The Third was summoned against the Albigenses, by the Cardinal Deacon of Rome, Legate of Pope Honorius, an. 1229, in the time of Conrade the Emperor, but none attended save the Italian Bishops who accompany'd him.

  This City has also an University founded by Raymund the Vth. in 1365, and is also the Seat of a Parliament settled here by William VII. in 1470.

  The Principality of Orange was formerly of a considerable ex∣tent in the Diocesses of St. Paul Trois Chateaux, Avignon, Valence, Die, Gap, Sisteron, Nice, Montpelier, Nismes & Lodeve, but was afterwards dismembred, partly by Usurpations, partly by Dow∣rys and Appanages to younger Sons. In the body of the Princi∣pality were reckoned two Bishopricks, Orange and St. Paul; six Abbies, thirty Priories, three Counties, and four dignify'd places; viz. Chateauneuf, Donzere, Tulette, and Monthrison, of which the Bishop of Viviers, Prior of St. Esprit, and the D. of Ventadour call themselves Princes. At present it is but six Leagues long, and four broad, bounded by the County of Ve∣naisin, belonging to the Pope, and the River of Rhosne. It is watered by the River Eygues, la Meyne, & Louvez. The Country is exceeding fruitful in Corn, Wine, Saffron, Silk, and all sorts of good Fruits.

  In 700 a Prince called Theofret govern'd Orange, was succeeded by Theofret his Son, who was Martyr'd by the Saracens in 730. William Cornet, Court-nez or Short-Nose was Prince in the time of Charlemaigne, and took Orange from the Saracens. He was of the Royal Family of Burgundy, and Constable of France under Pepin the short, and was the first who took the Title of Count by the Grace of God, which was usual for none but Kings and Soveraigns. There are several Manuscripts of his Life in the Abby, which he founded in 804. He had two Wives, the last of which was King Therbaud's Daughter, whom he took with the Town, and baptiz'd her. He had only one Child, a Daughter, who carried all his Estate to Rollin, a great Lord in the Kingdom of Arles, supposed to be of the Family of Baux. William abovenamed died in 809; the Emperor Charlemaigne married his Sister Bertha in 810. Rollin aforesaid had by his Wife Herimbrue, Daughter to William, two Sons, Hugo and Rogo, who in 839 were called Marquesses or Counts of Orange, and divided the Principality; Hugo the oldest keeping Orange with its Dependances, and was succeeded by his Daughter Alatais in 880 or 890, and she by her Son Rambaud I. who died in 910, and was succeeded by Boson his Son, who died in 924; of the time betwixt which and 1086, that Gerard Adhemar was succeeded by Rambaud the IId, the Records were lost in 1562 ei∣ther by Pillage or Fire. Rambaud II. died in his Voyage to the Holy Land in 1115, leaving only a Daughter call'd Tiburga II. who married William II. of her own Family descended from Ro∣go Grandson to William Cornet. Of this Marriage came two Sons, William III. being the eldest; and two Daughters, amongst whom Tiburga divided the Principality, on condition that they should do homage for nothing to the Count of Provence, but for Serignan and Camaret, and that they should give nothing of their Immoveables to the Church of Rome on pain of being dis∣inherited. William III. was succeeded by his Son William IV. whose Son Rambaud had no Issue; so that Tiburga II. being married a second time to Bertrand de Baux, who was murther'd by order of the Count de Tholouse in the Cathedral of Arles, on Easter-day, an. 1181. William V. his Son succeeded as Prince of Orange in 1182. This Family of Baux, and the Land now call'd Baussenques, were a Principality and County for which they sometimes did homage to the Counts of Provence, according to a Treaty in 1150, and at other times they were independant, as appears by that of 1177, made by the Authority of the Empe∣ror Frederick II. William the Vth's. right of Patronage over the Bishoprick, and all the Benefices of the Principality, was ac∣knowledged by the Clergy and People by two Acts in 1184 and 1208, but he was forc'd to quit it to the Church by the express Commandment of the Legate Milon, in the City of St. Giles, Jan. 17. 1209, who at the same time being supported with 30000 Men, he despoiled the Count of Tholouse of all his Possessions, and whipp'd him. This William had Grant of a Title to the Kingdom of Arles by the Emperor's Golden Bull in 1214, confirm'd by another September the 29th. following; and by his Bulls of Jan. 17. that same Year, revoked the Do∣nations of the Moiety of Orange, which had been made by Rambaud and Thibour to the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, contrary to the Command of Tiburga the Ist. and the Promise of William III. But William V. voluntarily restor'd them on the sixth of October following, on certain Limitations. After this there followed many Contests betwixt this Family and the Counts of Provence, and Kings of France, who pretended to the Soveraignty of the Principality of Orange; but its Independancy was asserted by the Bulls of Popes and Emperors, as Frederick I. and II. who maintain'd their right of Soveraignty in 1178, 1214, and other Emperors have done the like since, as appears by their Treaties with that Crown in 1526, 1529, 1544, and 1559. It being also apparent from History, that the Princes of Orange began to appear about the VIIIth. Century, where Provence has not had Counts much above 690 Years. But to return to Wil∣liam V. he had by his Wife Eloy, William the VIth. and by Er∣mengard his Second Wife, Raymond I. who succeeded him in the Principality. In 1225 William VI. had by Precious his Wife William VII. and three other Sons, and died in 1239. Willi∣am VII. died without Issue; Raymond II. his Brother, succeeded him, died in 1272, leaving two Sons, Bertrand II. and Ray∣mond III. who remitted his right of Soveraignty to Bertrand II. during his Reign, and that of his Uncle Raymond I. who dying left Bertrand III. and he made an Agreement with Bertrand II. in 1293, for the Principality, reserving the Right of Succes∣sion in case Bertrand III. should die without Issue. Raymond III. youngest Son of Raymond II. succeeded in 1314 to Bertrand II. Raymond IV. was succeeded by his Son Raymond V. in 1340, who had only one Daughter, to whom he gave all his Estate by Contract of Marriage with John de Chalon, Sire de Harlay, April 11. 1386; the Marriage being consummated in presence of Pope Clement VII. Grand Uncle to the Princess. Raymond V. died in 1403; and so the Principality came into the Fami∣ly of Chalon, who had also pretensions on Provence, and sued for their right in 1384, 1426, 1429, and 1447. John de Cha∣lon who married Raymond the Vth's Daughter died in 1418, and was succeeded by Lewis his Son, a good and courageous Prince. He entertain'd Lewis the XIth. of France contrary to the Command of his Father Charles VII, protected him, main∣tain'd him at his own charge, and convey'd him into Brabant to the Duke of Burgundy, and in Conjunction with him and the Duke of Savoy declar'd War against Charles VII. and reckoned to have taken possession of Dauphine, but Daucour, who govern'd that Province for the French King, defeated the Prince be∣twixt Colombier and Anthon in 1429, whereupon he threw himself into the Rhone, and swom over it in his Armour rather than he would fall into the Hands of the French. William the VIIIth. succeeded him in 1466, who being despoil'd of all his Possessions in the County by the Duke of Burgundy; he was ar∣rested as going to take Possession, by order of Lewis XI. and carried Prisoner to Bourges, under pretence that he wanted a Pass∣port, so that to procure his Liberty, he was constrain'd to sell the Soveraignty of Orange to Lewis XI. for 40000 Crowns, for which he gave an Acquittance without ever receiving a far∣thing. This happened June the 9th. 1415; he was restor'd June the 17th, that same Year, and died September 24. 1415;

• ...

  succeeded by his Son John II. who Leagued with the Duke of Orleans against the Government during Charles the VIIIth's Minority, but was taken in the Battel of St. Aubin du Cornier in 1488, and being ar Liberty, procured the Marriage of the King with Anne, Dutchess of Bretaigne, his Niece, November 16th. 149••. This, with other Services to the Duke of Orleans, after∣wards Lewis the XIIth. procur'd him so much favour with that King, that he made him Lieutenant General of Bretaigne, confir∣med and augmented the Grants made him by the last Duke of Bretaigne. And being conscious of the Violence done to his Pre∣decessor, he annull'd the Sale of the Sovereignty of Orange, and gave up the Acquittance. Which Francis I. did also ratifie by Pa∣tents in 1498, 1500, 1515, 1516 and 1518, but taking part with the Emperor, he was afterwards molested by several little Tricks. He died April 9. 1502, and was succeeded by his Son Philibert, who declaring for Charles V. against Francis I. of France, he seized his Estate, and gave his Principality to Anne de Montmo∣rency, Widow to Mareschal de Chattillon. Prince Philibert him∣self was taken in 1523, as going into Spain, and imprisoned at Bourges, whence he was set at Liberty by the Treaty of Madrid in 1526. After this he commanded the Imperial Army at the taking of Rome, after the Death of the Duke of Bourbon, who was killed by a Musket-shot at the Assault. Prince Philibert cove∣red him with a Cloak, to conceal his Death; push'd on the Attaque with Vigour; carried the Suburb, and at last the City. But in 1530 he was killed at the Seige of Florence, having ne∣ver been married. So that he was succeeded by Rene of Nas∣saw, Son to Henry of Nassaw by Claude de Chalone his Sister, his Uncle having left him Heir on Condition that he should take his Name and Arms. This Will was controverted by the Duke of Longueville and Count de la Chambre, who obtain'd several Acts against the Princes of Orange, that were condemned without being heard, while France was in Possession of their Dominions which they had seized, because they took part with the Emperor; but all those Acts were made void by the fol∣lowing Treaties of Madrid, Crepy, Nice and Cambresis, in 1526, 1529, 1544, and 1559. The last of which annuls the Act of Par∣liament which confiscated the Principality of Orange. Besides which, the Clauses contained in the said Treaty are confirmed by divers Declarations of the Kings of France, from Francis I. to Henry IV. and by the Acts of their Councils, which declared themselves not competent Judges to meddle with the Affairs of Orange; and the Contract of Marriage between John I. and Mary de Baux nullifie the pretended Substitution of the Duke de Longueville and the Count de la Chambre. But to return to Rene befo••ementioned; he engaged with Charles V. against Francis I. and died of a Wound which he received at the Siege of Dizier, July 15. 1544. By his Will of June 20. aforegoing, he made William of Nassaw, IX. of that Name, Prince of Orange, his Cousin German, his Heir. During whose Reign, the Ci∣vil Wars laid France waste, and Orange had share of the com∣mon Calamity, the City being taken, plundered and burnt, in 1562, by the Pope's and French King's Troops, which enriched the City of Avignon. And in the Year 1571 the Protestant Inhabitants left there were massacred on Candlemas-day. The Papists committing all manner of Beastliness and Cru∣elty, tearing the Bibles, and putting in the Peoples Wounds. At the same time all the Papers and Records belonging to the Prince were carried off, and the best part of them sent to Rome by the Cardinal d' Armagnac, the Soldiers having burnt and pillaged the Churches and Bishops Palace, for which the Prince did banish thence the Bishop and Clergy, as being the Authors of the Massacre and Disorders in 1562 and 1571, but did after∣wards recall them at the desire of Henry the IIId. of France; so that it is evident, no body had any right of Soveraignty over that Principality. This William IX. was chosen by the States General of the United Provinces, as Head of their Republick, which owes its Glory and Establishment to him. He was a great Captain, Sage Politician, prudent in his Adversities, se∣cret in his own Designs, but had an Eagles Eye to search into those of others, which the Spaniards found to their cost; and therefore they attempted him by all methods, even the most dishonourable, till at last he fell by their Hand, being first wounded by the shot of a Pistol, March 18. 1582, by Jauraguy the Servant of a broken Banquer, suspected to have poisoned Don John of Austria, the Spanish Letters found about the Assassi∣nate discover'd who he was. The Prince was cur'd of this Wound, but was shot by one Balthazar Gerrard, of the French County, a Spanish Emissary in his House at Delft, July 10. 1584. This Prince was married four times; his first Wife was Anne Countess of Buren, by whom he had Philip, William, and Mary married to the Count of Hohenloc; his second Wise was Anne Daughter to Maurice Elector of Saxony, by whom he had Mau∣rice of Nassaw: Anne married to William Lowis, Count of Nas∣saw; and Emilia married in 1597 to Emanuel I. Prince of Por∣tugal, and Vice-Roy of the Indies. His third Wife was Char∣lote de Bourbon, Daughter to Lewis II. Duke of Montpensier, by whom he had six Daughters; Louise married to the Elector Pa∣latin; Elizabeth married to the Duke de Bouillon, Prince of Se∣dan; Catharine married to Philip, Count of Hanaw; Charlotte married to the Duke de Thouan; Charlotte who died unmarried, and Emilia married to Frederick Count Palatin of the Rhine-Landsberg. His fourth Wife was Louise de Colligni, Daughter to th•• Admiral of France, Gaspar de Coligni, by whom he had Henry Frederick de Nassaw, Prince of Orange. Philip William, Prince of Orange was in the Hands of the Spaniards at his Father's Death, and was not set at liberty till a long time after. In 1606 he married Eleonor de Bourbon, Daughter of Henry de Bourbon I. of that Name, Prince of Conde, but he died with∣out Issue Feb. 20. 1613, so that Maurice de Nassaw, his Brother, succeeded. In 1584 the States conferr'd upon him the Go∣vernment of Holland, Zeland, Utrecht, and the Admiralty, tho but 18 Years of Age. He answer'd the Expectation of his Va∣lour and Conduct, took all the Towns which the Spaniards had in Holland, surpriz'd Breda by hiding sixty Souldiers in a Ves∣sel with Turf, by which they got into the Town. In a little time he recover'd all Friezland, Groeningen, Over-Yssel, Nime∣guen and Guelderland; he took in Hulst, Fort S. Andrew, &c. Seven of the Provinces did reunite under his Government to the Great Astonishment of all Europe; after which he took Sluys, Grave, and some other places during the famous Siege of Ostend in 1604, and in 1609 the Spaniards and States made a Truce for twelve Years, which was proclaim'd at Antwerp, April 14. The War commenc'd again in 1621. The Marquiss de Spinola, the Spanish General took Breda in 1625; Prince Maurice, who hop'd at the same time to have surpriz'd the Castle of Antwerp, was extreamly concern'd at the miscarriage of the Design. He died at the Hague, April 23. 1625, aged 58 Years, having never been married. Henry Frederick, his Brother succeeded him in the Principality of Orange, and Charges of the Repub∣lick, and maintain'd the Honour purchased by his Father and Brother. He took Grol in 1627, and Boisleduc in 1629; after which he carried Bergues, Venloo, Ruremond, Mastricht, and Bre∣da in 1637. He made divers other Conquests without losing many Men, so that he was call'd the Father of his Souldiers. He died at the Hague, March 14. 1647. His Wife was Emilia de Solms, by whom he had William II. who follows; Louise Henrietta married in 1646 to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Albertin married to William Frederick, Prince of Nassaw, her Cousin, Governour of Friezland. Henrietta mar∣ried to John George Prince of Anhalt Dessaw, and Mary married to the Duke of Simmeren. Willam of Nassaw, the Xth. of that Name, Prince of Orange, succeed his Father in all his Charges, Jan 23. 1648, there being a Peace concluded that same Year betwixt the Spaniards and the States at Munster. In November 1650 he died at the Hague, aged 24. He had marri∣ed Mary Daughter to King Charles the Ist. of England, by Hen∣rietta Mary of France. Eight days after his Father's death the Princess Dowager was brought to Bed of Prince William Henry, and died at London Jan. 3. 1661, whither she came to see her Brother, King Charles II. and to partake of the Joy of his Re∣stauration. William Henry of Nassaw, the XIth. of that Name, Prince of Orange, succeeded to all the Charges of his Father in 1672, and in November 14. 1677, married Mary of England, his Cousin German, eldest Daughter to the Duke of York, after∣wards James II. of Great Britain. The said Prince William Henry signaliz'd himself for Courage and Conduct in the Wars with France, An. 1672, by which he preserv'd the Republick, and acquir'd immortal Fame. In November 1688, he undertook his Expedition into England, at the Invitation of many of the No∣bility, Gentry and Clergy, with above 600 Sail; and exposing himself to the dangers of the Sea and King James's Fleet, land∣ed safely on the fifth of November at Torbay, whence marching to Exeter, his Army which he brought with him not being a∣bove 14000 was quickly augmented by the Accession of the English Nobility, and part of King James's Army, who thereup∣on broke up his Camp in a pannick Fear from Salisbury; and came to London, the Prince following with his Army. King James attempted to get over into France, but being stopt, re∣turned again to London; but on the Prince's Guards taking post at White-hall, he retired again, and got over into France. In the mean time, the chief of the Nobility and Gentry being assem∣bled, desired the Prince to take the Administration upon him. Which he accepted. The Nobility and Gentry of Scotland, many of whom came over with him, desired he would doe the like for that Kingdom; which was also performed. And the Conventions of Both Kingdoms being called; they voted both Thrones vacant. And after their Majesties agreeing to the Claim of Right, they were proclaimed King and Queen of Eng∣land, France and Ireland, Feb. 13. 1689. And on the same Terms proclaimed King and Queen of Scotland by the Parliament of that Kingdom some time after. The Administration to be solely in his Majesty, but the Government to be managed in both their Names. La Pise. Hist. Orange. Du Chesne. &c. See William III.

• Oratory, a Congregation of Priests founded at Rome by Phi∣lippus Neri of Florence, which was confirmed and approved by Pope Gregory the XIIIth. in 1575; and Pope Paul ratified the Constitutions of it in 1612. This Congregation hath produ∣ced extraordinary Persons, and amongst the rest, Cardinal Baro∣nius. See The Life of St. Philip Neri. Spondan. in Annal.
• Oratory (of Jesus) another Congregation of Priests foun∣ded in France by the Cardinal of Berulle, in 1611, approved by Pope Paul the Vth. in 1613; and since much spread in France and the Low-Countries. The Priests of the Oratory are by their Establishment obliged to honour, as far as is possible for them, the Mysteries of the Infancy, the Life and Death of our Lord, and to instruct Youth in their Colleges, to educate Clerks for the Service of the Church in their Seminaries, and to teach the

• People in their Sermons and Missions. The Cardinal of Berulle was the first Superior General of the Oratory. This Congre∣gation hath produced many Illustrious Persons for their Piety, Learning and Writings. P. San. Marth was chosen in 1672. Spond.
• * Orbego, Lat. Urbicus, a River of the Kingdom of Leon which has its source in the Mountains of Asturia, and flowing South, takes in the River Asta near Astorga; then falls into the Esla, which passing by the City Leon, joins the Douro, be∣tween Miranda to the West, and Samora to the East. Theodorick, King of Spain, gave the Suabians a great Defeat on the Banks of this River.
• Orbitelle, a strong City of Italy upon the Borders of Tuscany, which formerly was under those of Siena; but since their sub∣mitting to the Dukes of Florence, Orbitelle has belonged to the Spa∣niards, who are also possess'd of Porto-Hercole in the same Coun∣try, Porto san Estefano, &c. which places form that small Terri∣tory which those of the Country call Stato delli Presidii, and o∣thers la Menote de Toscane. Orbitelle repuls'd the Turks in the Reign of Charles the Vth. and the French in 1646.
• Orbona, a Goddess, suppos'd to have the Care of Orphans. The Romans worshipp'd her, to avoid the Affliction of Widow∣hood, or the Loss of their Children. Her Name comes from the Latin word Orbus, which signifies one that hath lost Father, Mother, Wife or Children. She had an Altar in the City of Rome, near to that of the Lares. Arnobius advers. Gentes, lib. 4. Plin. lib. 1. cap. 7. Rosin Antiq. Rom. lib. 2.
• Orchan, Emperor of the Turks, was the youngest Son of Ot∣toman; but having overcome two of his Brothers, he got into the Throne. He added to his Dominions several Provinces borde∣ring upon Asia, viz. Mysia, Phrygia, Lycaonia, Lidya, Caria, &c. as far as the Hellespont. Took Nicaea, Nicomedia, and divers o∣ther important Places; and made himself to be feared by the King of Caramania, his Father-in-law, and the Emperor of Greece, his Allies. He died in 1379, or 760 of the Egira, in the 32 year of his Reign, and 80 of his Age. Chalcondylus's Hi∣story of the Turks. Leunclavius in Pandect. Turcar.
• * Orchis, a considerable Town in Flanders, three Leagues N. E. of Doway, and five S. E. from Lisle. Ptolomy called it the Capital of the Atrebatii.
• * Orcho, Lat. Morgus, a River of Piemont which falls into the Po 10 miles beneath Turin.
• Orchomene, a City of Boeotia, which is now a Country Town of the same Name belonging to the Turks. There was another City of the same Name in Arcadia, and a River in Thes∣saly. It was formerly of greater Power and Wealth than Thebes, fam'd for its vigorous Horses, the Oracle of Tiresia, and the Defeat of Mithridates by the Romans.
• * Ordeal, Lat. Ordalium, a kind of Trial which Women ac∣cused of Incontinency underwent, being nine Coulters laid red hot upon the Ground at a certain distance, and if the Woman accused passed over them hood-wink'd and bare-foot, without being burnt, she was acquitted. Camb. Brit.
• * Ordolph, Son to Ordgare, Earl of Devonshire, a Man of Gi∣ant-like Stature and Strength; said to have burst asunder the Bars of great Gates, and to have striden over the Rivulet at Tavestock ten foot broad; his Tomb was to be seen in Tavestock Abbey. Cambd. Brit.
• Ordonno I. King of Leon and of the Asturia's, succeeded his Father Ramir I. in 850. The Inhabitants of Toledo, being re∣volted from the Saracens, called him to their assistance in 854. But afterwards, having received some Losses, he died the 27 of May, 862, after a Reign of 12 years. He had by Nunna, his Wife, Alphonsus III. who left Garcia, Ordonno and Troila, the first of whom dying in 913, Ordonno II. succeeded him, who gained a most famous Victory over Almansor, Prince of the Moors, of whom he killed near 70000. He died in 923, and Troila his Brother, surnamed, The Leper, The Cruel and Lecherous, usurped the Throne which of right belonged to Alphonsus IVth. Son of Ordonno; who got into it fourteen months after, and kept it till 931, when Ramir IId. his Brother, confined him to a Monastery, and reigned till 950. Ordonno the IIId. his Son, succeeded him, and was continually at Wars with his Subjects. In 955 Ordonno IVth. surnamed The Bad, Son of Alphonsus IVth. called The Monk, usurped the Kingdom, but the Year follow∣ing, he was deposed by Sancho the First, called The Big, Son of Ramir IId. and Brother of Ordonno IIId. Vasaeus. Turquet. Mari∣ana, &c. Hist. f Spain.
• Oreb, a Prince of the Midianites, who, together with Zeeb, was taken by Gideon, and put to Death. Judges 5. Joseph. lib. 5. Antiq. cap. 8.
• * Orebro, a small City of Sweden, in the Province Nerke.
• * Oreford, a little Town in Suffolk, on the River Ore. It was formerly a large Town, and defended by a Castle of red Stone, near which Ralph Coggeshale, an ancient Writer, says, that in King Henry the Second's time, the Fisher-men took a Sea-mon∣ster, resembling a Man in every part, having Hair on his Head, and a large Beard. But he slipt away afterwards to the Sea, and was never more seen. Camb. Brit.
• * Oreilys, an Irish Clan, in the County of Cavon, who pre∣tend to be descended from the Ridleys in England. They were very powerfull in Horse-men, till Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Depu∣ty in Queen Elizabeth's time, divided their County into seven Baronies, whose Lords were to hold immediately in Fee from the Crown of England. They dwelt scattering in Piles and Forts, not in Towns; and had a Bishop of their own whose See was at Kilmore. Camb. Brit.
• Orenoque, Lat. Orenochus, a vast River in South-America, between Castilha del oro, and Guiana, called Paria, and Yviapa∣ri by the Inhabitants, because it divides the Province of Paria from Guiana; and after the reception of many Rivers falls into the North-sea, near the Island of St. Trinidado, in four Degrees of North Latitude. The Inundations of this River are so great in certain months of the year, that the Inhabitants are fain to make their abodes on Trees as long as the same last. * This vast River is navigable 1000 miles by Ships of burthen, and a∣bove 2000 with Boats and Pinnaces, and gives its Name to a Province that comprehends the North parts of Guiana, which is a very rich and pleasant Country, consisting of large Plains many miles in compass, adorned with embroidery of Flowers and unknown Plants, and in some Places interlaced with Hills, reported to be furnished with rich Mines of Gold and Silver; the Rivers liberally stor'd with Fish; and the Forests, both with Beasts and Fowls. No Country in the World, comprehending Peru it self, is said to be comparable to it for Treasure. The People, as of several Nations, are also of different Natures. The Capuri or Macureo's, for the most part Carpenters, live by making Canoes and Boats, which they fell into Guiana for Gold, and into Trinidado for Tobacco; in the immoderate ta∣king whereof they exceed all other Nations. When any of their Commanders die, they make great Lamentation; and af∣ter the Flesh is putrefied and fallen from the Bones, they take the Skeleton, and hang it up in the House where he dwelt, deck∣ing the Skull with Feathers of divers colours, and hanging Gold Plates about the Bones of his Arms and Thighs. Sir Walter Raleigh says of the Tivitiva's, People that dwell upon the Nor∣thern branches, that they are valiant, and have the most manly and deliberate Speech of any Nation of the World; a People which eat of nothing that is set or sown, pure Children of Dame Nature; using the Tops of Palmito Trees for Bread; Fish, Deer and Swines-flesh, for the rest of their Sustenance. The Assawy and Arora's, a People as black as Negro's, use Ar∣rows dipt in so strange a Poison as doth not only bring Death, but with unspeakable Torments. When any of their Kings or Cauques die, their Wives and nearest of their Kindred beat their Bones to Powder, and mingle it with their Drink, like Spice. On the South parts are kept annual Fairs, for the Sale of Women, where one of the English-men, left there by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1595, bought eight, the Eldest not above eighteen, for a Half-penny red-hafted Knife. Heylin.
• Orense, Lat. Auria, a City of Spain, in Galicia, with a Bi∣shop's See under the Arch-bishop of Compostella, upon the Ri∣ver Minho, 14 miles from Compostella to the South, and 20 from Braga to the N. E. much celebrated for its hot Bathes, bearing therefore the Name of Aquae Calidae, and Aquae Calinae.
• Oresmus (Nicolaus) Bishop of Lisieux in Normandy lived in the XIVth. Century. He was a Doctor of Paris, and chosen to be Praeceptor of Charles the Vth. who procur'd him the Dean∣ry of Rouan, and the Bishoprick of Lisieux, and got him to translate the Bible into French, and Aristotle's Books of Heaven, the World, his Ethicks and Politicks; with the Remedies of either Fortune, writ by Petrarcha. He writ also a Piece, De Communi∣catione Idiomatum. And died in 1382. There is a French Trans∣lation of the Bible kept in MSS. in the Louvre, which is com∣monly taken to be his, tho' his Name be not to it; wherefore Fa. Simon, in his Criticks on the Versions of the N. T. supposeth it rather to be the Work of Suiars des Moulins, and done by him at the Command of Charles the VIIIth.
• Orestes, King of Mycene, was the Son of Agamemnon and Cli∣temnestra, who, with the assistance of Aegisthus her Adulterer, had murthered her Husband. Orestes avenged his Father's death, by the Advice of his Sister Electra, and did not spare his own Mother. He killed Pyrrhus, for taking away Hermione, who had been promised to him, and contracted an extraordinary Friendship with Pylades. Some Authors report, That after he had kill'd his Mother, he went distracted; and that, to expiate that Crime, he was obliged to go to the Temple of Diana, in the Chersonesus Taurica, now called, The lesser Tartary, whither his Friend Pylades accompanied him; and being arrived there, King Thoas resolved to offer him a Victim to Diana, to whom they were used to sacrifice Men. When Pylades, seeing the Danger his Friend was in, to save him, assured the King, that he indeed was the true Orestes, out of the Desire he had to be sacrificed for his Friend, to save his Life with the Loss of his own. And Orestes on the other hand affirmed, That he was Orestes; and that what Pylades said, was only out of an Excess of Love to his Friend. In the mean time, whilst they were thus contending to ransome each others Lives with the Loss of their own, Iphigenia, who was the Priestess of Diana, disco∣vered Orestes to be her Brother; and so delivered them both from that imminent Danger. And some days after, Orestes, ac∣companied with his Dear Friend Pylades, after he had kill'd King Thoas, took away all his Riches; and carried his Sister Iphigenia along with him to Arcadia. It is said, He was afterwards bit by a Viper, and that he died in a Place called Orestion. His Death is fixt about the Year of the World, 2948, after a Reign of 70 years. He left three Sons behind him, viz. Tisamenas, Penthilus and Cometes. Cicer. de Amicitia. Vell. Paterc. lib. 1.

• ... Pausanias. Eurypid. in Orest. Sophoc. in Electra. Eusch. in Chron.
• Orestes, a Patrician and Master of the Horse to the Emperor Nepos. He dreamt on a time that he was got into the Throne. And accordingly, being come to Ravenna, he caused his Son, Romulus Augustulus (called also Momilus) to be saluted Empe∣ror the 31st. of October, A. C. 475. But Nepos stirr'd up against him Odoacer, King of the Heruli, who invading Italy, took Rome the 23d. of August 476; and five or six days after caused Orestes to be slain at Placentia, defeated his Brother Paul, and imprisoned Augustulus in a Castle near Naples. Cassiodor. in Chron. Jornandes. Paulus Diaconus. Procopius, &c.
• Orfa, a City of Diarbeck, formerly called Mesopotamia, situ∣ate near the River Euphrates, in a fruitfull Plain, with Walls of Hewen Stone. This is one of the Places where the best Tur∣ky Leather is made; the Water of the Country giving it that curious lustre. The Black is made at Orfa, the Yellow at Mos∣sall, the Blue at Tokat, and the Red at Diarbekir. Here is a Ba∣sha that commands 150 Janizaries, and 600 Spahies, as standing more in need of Horse than Foot, because of the frequent In∣cursions of the Arabians, especially at the time they cut their Corn. The Inhabitants tell us, That Abraham dwelt in the place where this City is built; that it was formerly called Edes∣sa; and that King Abgarus made his ordinary Residence here, in the Castle, some part of which is still remaining, where se∣veral Mosaick Paintings are to be seen. At the farther end of the chief Mosque, built in Honour of Abraham, there is a Spring or Fountain, which forms a great Pond, inclosed by the Turks with Hewen Stone, and is so full of Fish, that they follow the People in great Swarms who walk upon the sides of it, and cast in Bread to them. But no Body dares meddle with them, be∣cause the Turks have a great Veneration for them, and call them Abraham's Fish, and cover the Place round about this Pond with fair Pieces of Tapestry, twenty Paces broad; supposing it to be the Fountain where Rebecca met Abraham's Servant, and Rachel Jacob. In the highest part of this City is a Church of the Armenians, under the Porch whereof they say that St. Alexis lived seventeen years a hidden and retired life from the World. The principal Church of the Armenians is about a quarter of a League's distance from the City, and was built by St. Ephrem, who lies buried there in a Grotto. This Place is thirty German miles E. of Aleppo, and thirty W. of Caramit. Lon. 74. 00. Lat. 36. 10. Tavernier's Persian Travels.
• * Orfea, Lat. Alpheus, a River in the Morea which falls into the Ionian Sea over against the Isle of Strophad.
• * Orford, a Market and Borough Town of Plumsgate Hun∣dred, in the East Parts of Suffolk, seated between two Rivers, a∣bout two miles from the Sea, and call'd Orford, from the River Ore, that waters the East side of it. In the Reign of Henry IId. there was a Fish caught near this Town in the Shape of a Man, which was kept the space of six months in the Castle eat∣ing all manner of Meat, but delighting chiefly in Fish. Some time after it stole away into the Sea.
• Orgagna Dicione (Andrew) a famous Painter of Florence, who lived in the XIVth. Century. He wrought at Pisa, espe∣cially at great Historical Compositions, and in particular Paint∣ed near the great Church a Picture of the Day of Judgment, which is admirably done. He pleased himself in such Works as these, in which he was wont to gratifie his Friends, by placing them in Paradise; and to revenge himself on his Enemies, by alloting them their Station in Hell. He died in 1389, being 60 years of Age. Vasari Vit. Pict. Felibien Entretiens des Peint.
• Orgia, a Name which the Greeks gave, if we may believe Servius, to all manner of Sacrifices; which were so called from the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, ie. to consecrate; but since the word was re∣strained to the Sacrifices offered to Bacchus, from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signifies Fury, Tumult, because of the Huzza's and Hollowings made by the Priests and Worshippers of Bacchus at their Sacrifices. See Bacchanalia.
• Oria, a City of the Kingdom of Naples, and Province of Otranto, now a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Brindisi, situate at the Foot of the Apennine, 16 m. W. from Brindisi. This Place was once considerable, but is now but meanly inhabited, and has nothing worthy of regard but an old Castle.
• Oriflamme, a Standard so called in the Abbey of St. Denys in France, which the Abbot was used to put into the Hands of the Defender of that Monastery whenever it was necessary to take Arms for the Preservation of the Goods or Privileges of that Abbey. It was made in form of an ancient Banner, with three Points or Tails; and had that Name given it, because it was made of a Silk Stuff of a Gold and Flame Colour; but the Tassels of it were Green. Others derive this Name from Flam∣mulum or Flammula, which signifies a Banner or Standard; and Aurea, because it was fastned to a Gilded Lance. Other Churches had also their Defenders, who were called, Signiferi Ecclesia∣rum, or Standard-bearers of the Churches. As to the Abbey of St. Denys, this Honour belonged to the Earls of Pontoise or Ve∣xin, who were the Protectors of this Monastery, to whom the bearing of this Standard did properly belong. Ancient Authors commonly call it, The Colours, Standard or Banner, of St. Denys; and was born by the Earls of Vexin, in those Wars wherein that Monastery stood in need of their Protection. Lewis VIth. sur∣named The Big, was the first of the Kings of France, who, as he was Earl of Vexin, caused the said Oriflamme to be carried in his Armies, in the year 1124, and which his Successors continued, till the English made themselves Masters of Paris, under the Reign of Charles VIIth. who after he had rid himself of them brought in the use of the White Coronet, which since that time hath been the chief Banner of France.
• Origenes, surnamed Adamantius, for his unwearied Assidu∣ity in Writing and Teaching, was born at Alexandria. He was the Son of Leonides, who suffered Martyrdom under the Perse∣cution of Severus in 202. Clemens Alexandrinus was his Master, to whom he succeeded in the Office of a Catechist. All his Fa∣ther's Estate being confiscate, he was reduced to extreme Po∣verty, but relieved by the Liberality of a rich Lady. In the mean time he opened a Grammar School at Alexandria, which he quitted not long after, to teach Divinity and explain the Holy Scriptures, by permission of the Bishop Demetrius, tho' he was not then above eighteen years of Age; whereas that Pro∣vince was commonly not allowed to any but to persons well advanc'd in years. But his extraordinary and solid Parts far surpassing his Age, seem to deserve no less. In this station he was of great use, as well by strengthning the Believers in the Faith, as by converting many Idolaters; and had so many Mar∣tyrs amongst his Disciples, that his School might more properly be call'd a School of Martyrdom than of Divinity. His School was frequented by very great Persons, amongst whom Gregory Thau∣maturgus was none of the least. He also taught Divinity to many young Virgins and Women. And (as some say) to avoid all Calumny, made himself an Eunuch. He took divers Jour∣neys to Rome, to Pope Zephyrinus and elsewhere. He had seve∣ral Conferences with Mammaea, the Mother of Alexander Severus, about the Mysterie•• of our Faith. And at his Return to Alex∣andria he converted several Hereticks. Alexander, Bishop of Je∣rusalem, ordained him Priest, A. C. 228. But it was nor long after that Demetrius, Bishop of Alexandria, highly complaining of Origenes, excommunicated him, because of several Errors, wherewith he pretended that his Books were filled, and more particularly his Book of Principles; whereupon he was fain to leave Alexandria, and betake himself to Tyre, where he labour∣ed at his Hexapla, which contained 4 different Translations of the Bible, besides the original Hebrew, and the same Hebrew disposed in 6 Columns, about the year 232 or 33. All this usefull and holy husbanding of his Talent was not able to free him from the slan∣derous Accusations of his Enemies, who pretended that he endea∣voured to corrupt the Doctrine of the Holy Scripture Where∣fore he thought fit to go to Rome, and present a Confession of his Faith to Fabian, the Bishop of that City; and at his Return, taught again at Caesarea. In 248 he assisted at the Council of Arabia, and there instructed the Bishop Beryllus. He always witnessed a sig∣nal and insuperable Zeal for the Faith of Christ, and suffered most dreadfull Torments during the Persecution of Decius, which yet were not in the least able to separate him from the Love of Jesus Christ. This truly great and excellent Man died at Tyre, according to some, in 256, at the Age of 72 years; or ra∣ther in 254, aged 69 years. St. Epiphanius, Ruffinus, and divers others, assure us, that he writ no less than 6000 different Trea∣tises. But it will be necessary to distinguish between his Per∣son, and his Writings, the one appearing very Holy and Inno∣cent, tho' the others may perhaps deserve to be censured, ei∣ther by the Author's own Mistakes, or by the Perfidiousness of several Hereticks, who were willing to authorize their false Te∣nets under his great Name. Genebrardus has made a Collection of his Works, and got them Printed at Paris, in two Volumes in folio, 1574. And in this Age, M. Huet, Under-Praeceptor to the Dauphin, and since Bishop of Soissons, hath published the Commentaries of Origen upon the Scripture, in Greek and Latin, together with his Life, and Notes of his own, Printed at Rouan in 1668, of which a second Edition hath been published in Germany in 1685. M. Huet hath promised to give us all the other Pieces of Origen, but has not yet done it. Joannes Tari∣nus published in 1618, at Paris, in one Volume in quarto, Phi∣localia de obscuris S. Scripturae locis, à Basilio M. & Gregorio Theo∣logo, ex variis Origenis Commentariis excerpta. Tarinus had trans∣lated this Piece into Latin, and added some Remarks of his own. Michael Gislert, in 1623, gave us the Commentaries of Ori∣gen upon Jeremy, with eight of his Homilies upon the same Prophecy, translated into Latin by Matthaeus Caryophilus, and Allatius; and this latter published at the same time his Commen∣tary upon the 28 Chapter of the first of Samuel, de Engastrymu∣tho, or, the Witch of Endor. Mr. Spencer, in 1658, published in Greek and Latin, his Treatise contra Celsum, and Philocalia, with Notes. And last of all, Joammes Rudolphus Wetstein, Profes∣sor at Basil, hath favoured the Publick, in 1674, with some Tracts of Origen's, under this Title, Dialogus contra Marcioni∣stas, sive de recta in Deum Fide. Exhortatio ad Martyrium. Respon∣sum ad Africani Epistolam, de Historia Susannae, Graecè primùm è MSS. edita, Versiones partim correctae, partim novae adjectae, cum Notis, Indicibus, variantibus Lectionibus & Conjecturis. Dr. Fell, Bishop of Oxford, published his Book of Prayer in Greek and La∣tin, in 1685. Many excellent Men have spoken in commenda∣tion of Origen, and have endeavoured to defend him against the Calumnies of his Adversaries. Eusebius writ an Apology for him under the Name of Martyr Pamphilus, or, rather they both equally laboured to free him from the Slanders of those who endeavoured to blacken his Reputation. Ruffinus also under∣took the same Task; and divers have taken the same Pains even in our time. And, above all, Fa. Halloix, a Jesuit, in his Book

• writ in Defence of him. Some have been of Opinion that there were two Men of this Name, whereof the one was a Platonick Philosopher, and the other a Christian; which they gather from what Porphyrius saith, as he is quoted by Eusebius, in his sixth Book, chap. 19. The Life of Origen may be seen more at large in the Lives of the Fathers by Dr. Cave, and in the VIth. Tome of the Universal Library, pag. 31. and foll. where a farther In∣formation may be had concerning the Hexapla, Tetrapla and Octapla of Origen. See also the Letter of Resolution concerning O∣rigen, and the chief of his Opinions, Printed at London, 1661.
• Origenists, Hereticks so called, who maintained some Er∣rors drawn from Origen's Book 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or concerning Prin∣ciples, whether they were truly his, or by malice inserted into his Writings, by some that were desirous to gain Authority to their extravagant Opinions, is not certain. However, it was from this Book that Pelagius drew his Heresy, which made St. Jerom say, That Origen was the Favorite of the Pelagians. The Origenists held, That Jesus Christ was not the Son of God by any other way but by Grace and Adoption: That com∣par'd with Men, he was Truth; but if with God, the contrary. They publish'd, That Souls were created before the Bodies; and, That they sin in Heaven; That the Sun, Moon, Stars, and the Waters that are under the Firmament, have all Souls; That Bodies should rise in a round form; That the Torments of Devils and damned Souls should have an end; and, That the fallen Angels should at last be restored to their first State. They broached several other Errors, and some of them renewed the Abominations of the Gnosticks; and were therefore called Dirty and Impure. The Monks of Egypt and Nitrie were more parti∣cularly tainted with these Errours, which also infected Rome by the reading of Ruffinus's Translation of Origen's Princi∣ples, which occasioned St. Jerom, at Pammachius's request, to make a true Translation. These Heresies infected the Church in the IVth. Vth. and VIth. Ages. Theophilus of Alexandria con∣demned them in 399. Pope Anastasius, St. Epiphanius, with se∣veral other Prelates did the like. Origen's Books were also con∣demned, and the Reading of them prohibited, which was re∣newed in the Vth. general Council, the IId. of Constantinople, held in 553. St. Epiphanius. Augustin. Jerom. Baronius. A. C. 393, 399, 400, &c.
• ...

  Orion, as the Fables tell us, was the Son of Jupiter, Neptune and Mercury, or as others say, of Apollo, which happened thus: As these Gods were on a time visiting the Earth, they entred the Cottage of a poor Country-man called Hyrieus, who made them the best Chear he possibly could, and kill'd and dressed an Ox for them, which was his whole Estate. The Gods ad∣miring his Piety, and willing to reward him, gave him the choice of asking of them whatsoever he pleased, who told them he desired nothing more than to have a Son, but so as without being obliged to marry, because he would not break the Promise he had made to his Wife before she died. Where∣upon the Gods caused the Ox-hide to be brought before them, in which they all made their Urine, and commanded him carefully to bury it in the Earth; forbidding him to stir it or dig it up in nine months time, which time being expired, Hy∣rieus found an Infant there, whom he called Ourion, from the Urin of the Gods; who being come to Age, was a great Hunter, whence the Greeks took occasion also to call him Orion, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a Mountain. But his skill in Hunting making him proud, he boasted that there were no Beasts so wild or terrible which he was not able to take, which so provoked the Earth, that she sent a Scorpion in his Way, which biting him was the cause of his Death. But Diana the Goddess of Hunting trans∣lated him to Heaven near the Sign Taurus. Horace saith, Dia∣na killed him, because he would have forced her. And the Poets tell us, He constitutes that Constellation which Astrono∣mers place towards the South Pole, consisting of sixteen or se∣venteen Stars, and resembling a Man holding a Fauchion in his Hand, called Orion. This Sign, at its rising, excites great Tempests, wherefore the Poets give it the Title of Pluvialis & Nimbosus, i. e. bringing Rain and Tempests; yet when it riseth bright and shining it is a Sign of a fair and calm Season. Pliny fixeth his rising to the ninth of March, and setting to the 29th. of June. The same Pliny tells us, That an Earth-quake on a time in Crete discovered a humane Body which was of forty six Cubits, and was supposed to be the Body of this Orion. Hygin. in Astron. Plin. lib. 7. cap. 16.

  There seems to be a great resemblance between this Story of Orion, and what we find related of Abraham, Gen. chap. 18. ver∣ses 1,—16. and those Verses of Ovid wherewith he begins the relation of this Fable very patly express some part of what we find in Genesis.

  Forte senex Hyrieus angusti cultor agelli Hos videt exigu••m stetit ut ante casam.

  And Hyrieus seems very naturally to express him who came from Ur of the Chaldaeans. For this word hath the same Ter∣mination with those words with which the Greeks signifie the Nation or Country of any Person. Neither could the Greeks otherwise express an Inhabitant of Ur or Hur, than by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. It is also observable that the Hebrew words of the Sacred Histo∣ry, by which a Son is promised to Sarah, may be rendred thus, there shall be a Son in the Bullock of thy burnt-offering; instead of Sarah thy Wife shall have a Son. Palephatus, in his 5th. chapt. de rebus incredibilibus, saith, That the Gods did cast their Seed, into the Bull: and to give Seed in Hebrew, signifies to give Chil∣dren or Off-spring. Naturalists attribute this whole Fable of Orion to the cause and effects of the celestial Sign called by that Name. By the Ox's-hide they understand the Sea, the noise of whose Waves resemble the bellowing of an Ox. By Nep∣tune, the Spirit spread over the Waters. When Apollo, that is, the Sun, attracts Vapours, and by subtilizing and rarefying them raises them into the Air, which denotes Jupiter. These three Gods thus joyning their Power form the Matter of Wind, Rain and Thunder, which are called Orion. His being first lov'd, and then shot to death by Diana, shews the virtue of the Moon, which having gathered these Vapours together, dissi∣pates them with its Rays. And because the Sign Scorpio is so opposite to that of Orion, that when one appears, the other sets, hence they took occasion to say, that he was stung to death by it. Universal Library, Tom. VII. p. 106. & seq.

• Oristano, or Oristagni, Lat. Oristanum, a City of Sardinia, seated in the Western part of that Island, with an Arch-bishop's See. It is the Capital of a County of the same Name; and is by some Latin Authors called Arborea and Usellis.
• Orithya, Queen of the Amazons, who succeeded Marpesia, and made her self illustrious by her Courage, in the Wars she waged against the Greeks. Penthesilea was Queen after her. Ju∣stin. lib. 2. cap. 4. Boccac. de clar. mulier. Also Orithya, the Daughter of Erichthaeus, King of Athens, whom Boreas ravished, and had by her Calais and Zethes.
• Orivelha, or Horiguela, Lat. Oriola, a City of Spain, in the Kingdom of Valentia, seated on the River Segura, 5 miles from the Mediterranean, 7 from Cartagena to the N. and 3 from Murcia to the E. and is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Va∣lentia.
• Orixa, a City of Asia, in the Indies, on this side Ganges, with a Kingdom on the Eastern shore of the Promontory of Malabar, on the Gulf of Bengala, in the Possession of the King of Golconda, which is sometimes called the Kingdom of Orixa, from this City. The Commodities of this Place are Rice, Bom∣bast, Oil, Lacca, Pepper, Ginger, Cottons, &c.
• Orkney, or Orcades, Thirty two Islands in the Northern O∣cean near Scotland, whereof thirteen are inhabited. The Isle of Pomona, or the Mainland, the chief, had a Bishop's See suffragan of St. Andrew. The Sea that environs these Islands is well stock'd with Fish, especially Herrings, whereof there are some Shoals 10 or 12 Leagues in length and three in breadth. And they hold so together that the Nets are often torn in drawing them. The Herring-fishery was in former times in the Baltick-sea, a-long the Shore of Livinia, Pomerania and Gothland, where there was such a prodigious quantity that they were taken by hand, and Boatmen had much adoe to make use of their Oars for them. After some time they quitted the Baltick, and spread along the Shore of Norway, towards the Isle of Merstrang, and of late they have reach'd the North of Scotland, near the Orkney Isles. The Fishery begins in July and lasts till about the end of August. Then they quit this Place, and following the Current of the North, they come about September to the South. So that the Fishers follow to the height of Germac in Yorkshire. The third Fishery, which is called that of the little Herrings, is between Calice and Diepe, from September to Christmas, about which time the Herrings double the Lizard, and by the West of England gain the North of Scotland. The best Fishing is in 15 or 20 fathom Water, where the great quantity of Herrings renders the Sea fat and shining. Davity du Monde. Fournier Hy∣drography. The Description of the particular Islands is refer∣red to their Places in the Alphabet. Late Writers say, That the Number of the Isles does not exceed 28. And the small ones, which are not inhabited are left for Pasturage. The most Southerly of them is about 10 miles from Caithness in the North of Scotland, from which it is separated by a Firth called Penthland, or the Pictish Firth, because the Remainder of that People were drowned there as flying after a Defeat by the Scots, to those Islands. The Orcades were formerly governed by Kings of their own, of whom the Scotish History mentions three. Gavus carried away in Triumph by Claudius Caesar, mentioned by Tranquillus, Beda and Eutropius. Belus, who kil∣led himself after a Defeat by Evenus, King of Scotland. And Ge∣thus, Brother to Gethus, King of the Picts, who flying from Al∣bion, was created King here. It's controverted whether the Picts, Saxons, Danes, or Norwegians, were the first Possessors of them. The Language and Manners carry it for the latter, tho' the Scottish Language and Customs have now got the Ascendant. There is no venomous Creature in this Country. It abounds with Cattle of all kinds, Hares, Rabbets, Cranes, Swans, and o∣ther Fowl. They have also a rich Fishing, whence the Inhabi∣tants make great gain. Julius Agricola was the first of the Romans, who discovered and subdued it. And at the declining of the Ro∣man Empire it appears that it was the Seat of the Picts, according to Claudian the Poet. It was afterwards wasted by the Saxons; and then possessed by the Danes, who have left some footsteps of the Gothick Language. But Christiern, King of Denmark, sold all his Pretensions to James III. King of Scots, An. 1474. The Country is fruitfull in Barley, whence they make a very strong Drink, which they love exceedingly. Yet it's rare to see any of the Natives drunk, mad or foolish. The Air is very tempe∣rate,

• so that People live there 100 Years pretty often. Bu∣chanan mentions one Lawrence, who liv'd 140 Years, having married at 100 Years old; and the very day of his death was out a-fishing at Sea. There are few Trees in this Country, which is rather occasion'd by the Sloth of the Inhabitants, than nature of the Soil. They have store of Garden Herbs and Cabbage; as also Mines of Iron, Lead and Tin.
• Orlay (Bernard d') a famous Painter of Brussels, who liv'd a∣bout 1535 and 40. He was in great esteem with Charles V. who highly valued his Pieces; and it was he to whom that Prince committed the care of providing all the Pictures and Tapestry that were for his own use. He had under him one Tons, a famous drawer of Landskips, and another call'd Pie∣ter Koeck of Alost, that was an excellent Painter and Architect.
• Orleans, Lat. Aurelia, a City of France, Capital of a small Territory call'd Orleanois, Aurelianensis Ager, honour'd with the Title of a Dukedom, belonging to the second Son of France, and is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Paris, and an U∣niversity. This City is one of the Fairest and most Ancient of France, said to be built by Marcus Aurelius, the Emperor, in the Year of Christ 163. It is seated in a fruitful Country, and hath a very safe and commodious Port upon the River Loyre. Attila, King of the Huns, besieged this City in 450, when it was miraculously deliver'd by the Prayers of its Bishop St. Aignan; and it was besieg'd again by the English in 1417, and in great distress, but was relieved by the famous Joan d' Arc, whom the English afterwards took and burnt for a Witch. Upon the Bridge over the Loyre, which is very large and beautiful, having 16 Arches, there is a Portraicture in Brass of the Blessed Virgin, with the dead body of our Saviour laid a-cross her Lap. On the right hand, at a little distance, is King Charles VII. upon his Knees, praying towards the Virgin; and on the left, the Maid of Orleans, all in man's Armour in the same posture. This City suffered much in the XVIth. Century, during the Wars of the League. Under the Merovignian Line it was the Seat of a distinct Kingdom for some time. The University of Orleans was founded by King Philip the Fair. The Bishops of this City have some very singular Privileges; as that of setting free Prisoners when they make their first entry, and of be∣ing carried to the Cathedral by the Barons of Yevre le Chastel, of Sully, of Cheray, of Acheres and of Rougemont. The Cathe∣dral hath 59 Canons belonging to it, and 12 Dignitaries; and besides the Cathedral, there are four Collegiate Churches, and 22 Parishes. The City is situate on the side of a Hill in the form of a Bow, and is fortified with a Terrass, and surround∣ed with strong Walls with 40 Towers. See Ioan d'Arc. This City is 34 Leagues S. of Paris.
• Councils of Orleans. The Ist. Council of Orleans was assembled by permission of King Clovis in 511, consisting of 32 Prelates, where Cyprian Bishop of Bourdeaux presided; and 31 Canons were made for the regulating of Church Discipline. The IId. was celebrated by 30 Bishops in 533, or as Baronius, in 536; Honoratus of Bour∣ges presided, and 21 Canons were agreed on, and the Election o•• Metropolitans regulated. The IIId. was held in 538, by 25 B shops, St. Lupus of Lions presiding; where were made 33 Ca∣nons, for the Regulation of Divine Service, the Lives of Clerks, Marriages, and the Penances of Laicks. The IVth. was assem∣bled in 541, by 38 Prelates and 12 Priests, the Proxies of so many absent Prelates. Leontius of Bourdeaux presided, and enacted 38 Canons for the regulating of matters of Discipline. A Vth. Council was held in this City in 552, where St. Sacerdos of Lions presided, and 24 Canons were settled; the 1st. whereof condemn∣ed the Errors of Eutyches and Dioscorus, and the rest regulated seve∣ral points of Ecclesiastical Discipline. In 645, Leger being then Bishop of Orleans, there was celebrated a Council against a person who was a Greek by Nation, and publish'd the Doctrines of the Monothelites. Gregorie de Tours, Mezeray, Dupleix.
• * Orleanois, Lat. Aurelianensis Ager, is bounded on the N. with Beausse, on the E. by Gastinois, on the W. by Blesois, and on the S. by Sologne, from which it is divided by the Loyre. Its chief Cities are Orleans, Beau, Jancy and Chartres.
• * Ormeskrik, a Market-Town of West-Derby in the S. W. of Lancashire.
• * Ormond, Lat. Ormondia, The North part of the County of Tipperary, in the Province of Munster in Ireland. This Bar∣ren and Mountainous place gives the Title of Duke to the But∣lers, the first of which was James Butler, created Earl of Or∣mond by Edward III. James, the late Earl, was for his Service in Ireland in 1643, created Marquess of Ormond by Charles I. and in 1660 he was, by Charles II. made Duke of Ormond in Ireland, and in 1661 Earl of Brecknock in Wales.
• Ormus, Lat. Ormuzium, Armuzia, a small Island on the Coast of Persia, with a City of the same name. This Isle is seated at the Mouth of the Persian Gulf, near the Province of Schiras, over against the Mouth of the River Drut, nine Spa∣nish miles in compass, and twelve from the nearest Shoars of Persia. Its Situation is wonderful convenient for Trade, but the Isle hath no fresh Water. Some are of Opinion that Mer∣cury the Egyptian settled a Colony here; but sure it is, that a Mahometan Prince took possession of it in the IXth. or Xth. Century, and that his Successors were Tributary to the Persians. The Portuguese took this City under the Command of the Duke of Albuquerque in 1507, and built a strong Citadel to defend it; but Sha Abbas, assisted by the English, took it from them the 25th of April 1622, whereupon this most famous Mart became de∣solate and forsaken, and the Commerce has since been transported to Gombron on the Continent. The Portuguese lost six or se∣ven Millions at the taking of this City; which, amongst other things, was famous for the trade of Pearls. Ormus was first discovered by a Friar Minor in 1331, at which time it was a place of great Strength and Trade. The Buildings, espe∣cially the publick, were very large and magnificent. The Eng∣lish, when they assisted the Persians in taking of it, bargain'd for half the Plunder, but lost it by the thievishness of a Sailor. The Captains that assisted in the Expedition were Wedel, Blide and Wadcock; and in consideration of their Service the English enjoy half the Customs of the Persian Gulf to this day. In 1671 they were reckon'd 40000 l. per annum, but the East India Com∣pany accepted of 3000 l. per annum afterwards. The reason why the King of Persia continues it, is, least the English should seize on the Island, which would totally ruine Trade, because he has no Naval Forces able to dislodge 'em. This is reckon'd the barrenest Island in the World, producing nothing but Wood, and Salt, which lies there like Snow. When the Portuguese had this City it was one of the Richest and most glorious of the Earth, but is now much decay'd. See Herbert's Travels. Tavernier, p. 1. Book 5. chap. 23.
• * Orne, Lat. Orna, a River of Normandy, which washing Argenton and Caen, falls into the British Seas. Estreban.
• * Orne, Lat. Odorna, a River of Lorrain, which falls into the Moselle between Metz and Thionville. It has a Town of the same name upon it not far from the Maes.
• Orodes, King of the Parthians, succeeded his Brother Mithri∣dates, called the Great, whom he had driven from his Throne. In 701 of Rome he defeated M. Crassus and his Son Publius, took the Roman Ensigns, and a vast number of Prisoners. 'Tis said, That he caused molten Gold to be poured down the Throat of Crassus, to punish his insatiable Avarice, which had put him upon committing so many unjust Actions and Sacrileges. This King afterwards took part with Brutus and Cassius, and be∣ing defeated, was kill'd by his Son Phraates, who was likewise murther'd by a Natural Son of his, call'd Orodes. Velleius Pa∣terc. lib. 1. Appian in Parth. Plutarch. in Crasso. Justin lib. 42. c. 4. Florus. Eutropius. Orosus, &c.
• Orodes, Prince of the Medes, was the Son of Artaban King of the Medes, who had made himself Master of the Kingdom of Parthia. His Father sent him against Pharasmanes King of the Hiberi, in which Action he was kill'd, fighting at the Head of his Army, towards the end of Tiberius's Reign, A. C. 36. See the Vth. Book of Tacitus's Annals.
• * Oromazes, a Name which the Magi and Chaldaeans gave to the Highest God, and which signifies in Chaldee, Burning Light. They describ'd God all surrounded with Fire, and commonly said, That his Body was like Light, and his Soul resembled Truth, according to the account of Porphyry, in the Life of Pythagoras. This God was the Good Principle, according to them; but they own'd also an Evil Principle, which they call'd Arimanes,; as much as to say in Chaldee, Who is my Enemy; or Subtile and De∣ceiver; who oppos'd Oromazes, and by whom he was to be de∣stroy'd at the end. Plutarch de Isid. & Osirid. Diog. Laert. Stanley's Lives of the Philos.
• Orosius (Paulus) a Priest of Tarragon in Spain, and Disciple of St. Austin, lived in the Vth. Century. In 414 he was sent into Africa by Eutropius and Paulus, two Spanish Bishops, to de∣mand St. Austin's assistance against some Hereticks that troubled their Churches, and stay'd a Year with him; by whose Advice also he undertook to write the History which we have of his, in VII. Books, from the beginning of the World, till 416 of Christ. There is also attributed to him An Apology concerning Free Will against Pelagius, and a Consultation with St. Austin, concerning the Errors of Apollinarius and Origen. * When the Goths under Alaric made themselves Masters of Rome, the Pa∣gans attributing that and all their other Misfortunes to their suffering Christians to live amongst 'em, Orosius at St. Augustin's request, wrote Seven Books of History; wherein he shews, That from the Creation of the World to that time, which he computed was 5618 Years, there were continual Calamities in most parts of the Earth. His Books are look'd upon to be good and useful, though he is thought to have had no skill in the Greek Tongue. Scaliger. Vossius. Hoffman. Cave. Baronius. Bellarmin.
• Orpheus of Thrace, an Ancient Greek Poet, accounted more ancient than Homer, and the Author of 39 Poems, which Time hath lost. The Hymns and Fragments we have under his Name, were writ by Onomacritus, who liv'd in the time of Pi∣sistratus. Poets tell us, That Orpheus was the Son of Apollo, and so excellent a Musician, that Rivers stop'd their courses to hear his Musick; and that Rocks, Trees and Beasts follow'd him, enchanted with the sweetness of his Melody. He went down to Hell to fetch thence his Wife Eurydice, and was kill'd by some Thracian Women, but the Muses took care of his Body, and his Harp was translated to Heaven amongst the Stars. Aristotle, and Gerard Vossius after him, was of Opinion, That there never was any Man of this Name; and saith, That the word Orpheus, in the Phoenician Language signifies a Wise and Learned Man: Others derive it from the Hebrew word Rapha, to heal or cure, because Orpheus was look'd upon as a great Physician. Pausanias, lib. 6. p. 383, tells us, That some Ancients believ'd Orpheus to

• have been an Egyptian, skill'd in the Magia; and those Hymns which are attributed to him, are by some look'd upon rather as Magical Invocations of the Gods, than Hymns in Honour of them: So that it seems probable, That there was some person in Greece, whom by way of Excellence they call'd Harophe, or the Physician, whose skill in Magick might give occasion to the Fable of Orpheus. The Opinion Men have had, that there has been a person of this name, and that he brought seve∣ral hidden Sciences into Greece, has been the reason why di∣vers Superstitious Books have been attributed to him, the Titles whereof may be seen in Vossius, and in the beginning of the Book of Argonauticks, which bears the name of Orpheus. * Po∣ets doe not agree about the manner of Orpheus's death; some saying, That after Eurydice died, he forsook all Women's Com∣pany, and exhorted the rest of Mankind to follow his Example, alledging the Inconveniencies of a married Life, with such suc∣cess, that the Women tore him in pieces to prevent the ill Con∣sequences they fear'd. Others will have it, that Calliope pitch'd upon by Jupiter to decide Venus and Proserpina's quarrel about Adonis, having adjudg'd him in common to both, Venus to be reveng'd, stirr'd up the Women against Orpheus. Some say, That she made 'em so much in love with him, that striving which should have him he fell in the scuffle. Others say, He kill'd himself, being resolv'd not to outlive his Wife; and add, That the Nightingales that kept in the Groves about his Tomb in Thrace, were observ'd to excell all other in the sweetness of their Note. Hoffman.
• Orsi, a Name which the Persian Magi gave to God. Marsi∣lius Ficinus has well observ'd, That the chief and principal Name of God consists of four Letters in most Languages; for the Hebrews have the Tetragrammaton or Name with four letters, the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Latins Deus, the Arabians Alla, the Egypti∣ans Theut (their Th being one letter) the Persians Cyre, the Ma∣gi Orsi, the French Dieu, &c. Marsil. Ficin. Argum. in Platon Cratyl. Clem. Alexandr. Strom. 5. Pfanner. System. Theol. Gen∣til.
• Orsippus of Megara in Achaia, having put off his Girdle, that he might run the more freely in the publick Games, and thereby gain'd the Prize, it became a custom afterwards to run naked in these sort of Exercises, which were call'd Gymnici for that reason, from the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 naked. This happened in the first Year of the XVth. Olympiad. Pausan. in Attic. Euseb. Chron. lib. 1.
• Orsoi, Lat. Orsovium, Orsoium, a strong City of Germany, in the Dutchy of Cleves, upon the River Rhine, which was taken by the Prince of Orange in 1634, for the Hollanders; and was taken from them by the French King in 1672, but not long after abandon'd by them in 1674.
• * Orsowa, a Town on the Danube in Servia, between Nissa and Fretisla. Count Teckely abandon'd and burnt it after the Bat∣tel of Nissa, November 1689, and the Imperialists seiz'd it, who afterwards surrender'd it to the Turks in 1691.
• Orssa, a strong Town of Lithuania, upon the Confluence of the Nieper, secur'd by a strong Citadel, and situate eighteen Polish Leagues from Smolensko to the W. and two and twenty from Mohilow to the N. towards Vitebsko. Sigismond I. King of Poland, in 1514, near to this place gave a notable defeat to Ba∣silius, great Duke of Moscovy, who had taken Smolensko from him. The Moscovites had 40000 Men kill'd in this Battel, be∣sides 4000 taken Prisoners.
• Ortelius (Abrahamus) of Antwerp liv'd in the XVIth. Centu∣ry. He was a very learned Man, especially in the Mathematicks, and more particularly in Geography, upon which account he was call'd the Ptolomy of his Age. He publish'd his Theatrum, Thesaurus, and Synonyma Geographica, and divers other Pieces, the pregnant Instances of his Learning and indefatigable Study. He died a Batchellor the 26th of June 1598, at the age of 71. Justus Lipsius, his great friend, writ his Epitaph.
• * Ortenborn, a Town in Northumberland, about three miles from Newcastle, famous for the Battel fought there by the Eng∣lish commanded by Piercy, and the Scots under General Douglas, which last dying of his Wounds in the Field, recommended three things to his surviving Friends; first, to conceal his death; secondly, to preserve his Standard; thirdly, to revenge his fall; whereupon they crying out, as the custom then was, A Doug∣las! a Douglas! brought great numbers of the Scots together, and routed the English, and took Piercy Prisoner, with a great slaughter of Men. Duglas.
• Ortenburg, Lat. Ortenburgum, a City of Germany in the Pro∣vince of Carinthia, upon the River Drave, having the title of an Earldom of the Empire.
• * Orton, a Market Town of East-ward in Westmorland.
• Ortona, a City of the hither Abruzzo, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Trivento, with a safe Port on the A∣driatick, twelve miles from Trivento N. E. eight from Lanciano to the same, and eleven from Pescara to the S. E. It is call'd Ortona a Mare, to distinguish it from Ortona di Marsi in the same Province, and has been a Bishop's See ever since 1570.
• Orvieto, Lat. Oronitum, Urbiventum, Herbanum, a City of the Ecclesiastical State, which is a Bishop's See, and the Capital of the Territory of Orvieto. It lies between Perugia and Vi∣terbo, upon a Hill near the River, call'd Paglia. The famous Composition call'd Orvietan was first compos'd here.
• Orus I. of that Name, was according to some Historians, the IId. King of Egypt, and sirnamed Apollo. He was the Son of Misraim, and Grandchild of Cham: He drove the Gyant Typhon out of Egypt, who had kill'd Osiris, and pursued him, being assisted by the Libyan Hercules, as far as Arabia, where he kill'd him in Battel near the Town of Anthia. Some suppose him to be the same whose Dreams Joseph interpreted. He died in 2241. Orosius, lib. 1. Diodor. lib. 1. Justin. lib. 38.
• Orus, sirnamed Pharaoh King of Egypt, was the Successor of Amenophis II. or Memnon, about An. Mund. 2469. He reign∣ed 38 Years. Some take him to have been call'd Busiris, be∣cause of his great Cruelty, and that he built the great City of Thebes that had 100 Gates, and many of those prodigious Pyra∣mids, so much spoken of in ancient Writers, and which conti∣nue still to this day. Euseb in Chron.
• * Orwell, a River in Suffolk, rises in Thedwastry Hundred, and falls into the Sea in the South-East part of that County. Needham and Ipswich are seated upon it.