The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary being a curious miscellany of sacred and prophane history : containing, in short, the lives and most remarkable actions of the patriarchs, judges, ... heresiarchs, ... emperors, ... and all those who have recommended themselves to the world ... together with the establishment and progress both of religious and military orders ... ; [with] The genealogy of several illustrious families in Europe ; The fabulous history of the heathen gods and heroes ; The description of empires, kingdoms ... / collected from the best historians, chronologers, and lexicographers ... but more especially out of Lewis Morery ... his sixth edition corrected and enlarged by Monsieur Le Clark ... now done into English ; to which are added by way of supplement ... the lives ... and writings of the illustrious families of our English, Scotch and Irish nobility ... clergy ; as also an exact description of these kingdoms ... by several learned men ; wherein are inserted the last five years historical and geographical collections of Edmond Bohun ... never extant till in this work.

N (Book N)

• N: THE Romans made use of these two Letters, N L, for Non Liquet, to signifie that the Evidence against any Criminal was not sufficient to acquit or condemn him, being much the same as Ignoramus with us. The Ancients put it betwixt E and S to soften the Pronunciation, as quotiens for quoties; and Ausonius thinks it was form'd from the Greek Z turn'd upwards. S. Aug. l. 2. c. 2. emend.

• Naaman, a Leper, General to the K. of Syria, being in∣form'd by a Hebrew Captive that the Prophet Elisha could Cure him, his Master recommended him to Joram K. of Israel for that end, which he lookt upon as a design of the Syrian to pick a quarrel, and seek occasion of War; and being sollicitous about it, the Prophet signify'd to the King, That if Naaman would come to him, he should know there was a God in Israel. The Syrian going to the Prophet's door with a great Retinue, he sent him word to go and wash seven times in Jordan; which Naaman taking as a slight, went away in a rage; but being prevail'd upon by his Servants to obey, was cleans'd, and re∣turn'd to acknowledge the Prophet's kindness, and his being convinc'd that the God of Israel was the only true God 2 Kings 5.
• * Naas, a Barony and Town in the Provence of Lemster and County of Kildare in Ireland. Long. 7. 9. Lat. 55. 37.
• Naasson, one of the Ancestors, according to the Flesh, of our Lord Jesus Christ; he was the Son of Aminadab, and Prince of the Tribe of Judah soon after their departure out of Egypt. Numb. 1.7. Matth. 1.4.
• Nab, Lat. Nabus, a River of Franconia; which passing through the Upper Palatinate, empties it self into the Danube, above Ra∣tisbon.
• Nabal, a rich Jew, that dwelt near Mount Carmel in Judaea, whom David, for his churlish and ungratefull Behaviour to him, design'd to have kill'd, but was hindred by the prudent interposition and presents of his Wife Abigail, whom David afterwards Married about An. M. 2977. 1 Sam. 25. from ver. 2. to 43. Salian. Sponde.
• * Nabarzanes, one of Darius's Generals, who Commanded the Horse in the Right Wing at the Streights of Cilicia; he Conspir'd with Bessus against Darius, with this Resolution, That if Alexander pursued 'em, they would deliver up the King, and so make their terms; and if he did not, that they would kill Darius, usurp the Government, and renew the War. They perform'd the Latter, and Nabarzanes was afterwards reconcil'd to Alexander. Diodor. Q. Curt.
• Nabatheans, a People of Arabia Petraea. St. Isidore suppo∣seth 'em to have their Original and Name from Nebajoth, Is∣mael's First-born, Gen. 25.12. Their Country had Arabia De∣serta on the East, Palaestina on the South, and Arabia Foelix on the North. This was the People whom Gabinius defeated, ac∣cording to Josephus. Strab. Plin.
• Nabis, a Tyrant of Lacedaemon, infamous for his Cruelty. He wag'd War with the Romans, but was defeated by L. Quin∣tius, who forc'd him to more Moderation; and taking Argos, left him only Lacedaemon, where he was kill'd not long after. Florus. Livy. Polybius.
• Nabonas••ar, the first King of the Chaldaeans, or Babylonians, after the Division of the Assyrian Monarchy, famous in History for his Epocha; the beginning of which Petavius fixeth in the Year 3237. Torniel, Sponde and Salian, with others, fix it on the 3306, beginning on Wednesday, Feb. 26. in the 3967. of the Julian Period, 747 before Christ; the first of the Eighth Olym∣piad, and the Sixth of Rome, being not finish'd: Spanheim concurrs with 'em; adding, That it was 265 after the Building of Solomon's Temple, and the Eleventh of Jotham King of Judah. Certain it is, that the beginning of this new Empire of the Chal∣daeans is very obscure; and all that, by way of Conjecture, we know concerning it, is, That the Babylonians being revolted from under the Government of the Medes, who had overthrown the Assyrian Monarchy, did, under the Conduct of Nabonassar, Governour of the Medes, lay the foundation of a Dominion, which was very much increas'd afterwards under Nebuchadnez∣zar. It seems most probable that this Nabonassar is that Baladan mention'd in 2 Kings 20.12. the Father of Merodach, or Bero∣dach, whom Ptolomy calls Mardokempade, the same that sent Em∣bassadors to Hezekiah, 2 Kings 20. The curious may consult 1 Chron. 32. Ptol. l. 4. Almagest. ••caliger lib. 5. de Emend. Temp. pag. 391. & seq. Petav. l. 9. de doct. Temp. cap. 51. & seq. & lib. 10. c. 7. & seq. Torniel, A. M. 3306, 3331. Ubbo Em. lib. 2. re∣rum Chron. & lib. 5. Spendan. A. M. 3306. Isaac Vossius cap. 9. Chron. Sacr. Calvis. in Chron. Riccloli Chron. Reformat.
• Nabonnides, Nabonnadius, Nabennidocus, or Labinet King of Babylon, to whom these Names are given by Prophane Authors; who having kill'd Belshazzar, the last of Nebuchadnezzar's Race, Reign'd 17 years at Babylon. The Astronomical Canon, Berosus, Josephus, Sulpitius Severus, St. Maximus, Scaliger, Petavius, and divers others, suppose him to be the same with Darius the Mede, who kill'd Belshazzar at the Banquet of Wine, Dan. 16. But Josephus, Torniel, Hierom and Usher think him to be the last of Nebuchadnezzar's Race, and him whom the Scripture calls Be∣shazzar, Jer. 27.7. Dan. 7.5. in the 209 Year of Nabonassar.
• Naboth, a Native of Jezreel, whose Vineyard Ahab coveted; and being discontented, because he could not have it, Jezebel his Wife suborn'd false Witnesses, who swore Treason against Naboth; whereupon he was ston'd to Death, and Ahab took Possession of his Vineyard An. M. 3123. but Elijah meeting him there, charg'd him with the Murther, and prophesied his De∣struction. 1 Kings 21. Torniel.
• Nadab and Abihu, the Sons of Aaron, who presuming to offer strange Fire before the Lord, were devour'd by a Fire that went forth from him, A. M. 2545. This secret Fire, like a Flash of Lightning, is said to have consum'd 'em inwardly without hurting their Bodies, or so much as their Garments. Levit. 10. from ver. 1. to 8. Torniel.
• Nadab, King of Israel, succeeded his Father Jeroboam, A. M. 3081. and following his wicked courses, was, after two years Reign, kill'd by Ba••sha, one of his Generals, who usurp'd his Throne. 1 Kings 15.25. to 29.
• Nadasti (Francis) President of the Soveraign Council of Hun∣gary, being disgusted at the Emperor's refusal to create him Palatine of that Kingdom, conspir'd with the Counts Serini, Frangipani, and Ragot••ki, and begun the Revolt there in 1665. He corrupted a Joyner to fire the Palace which he was repair∣ing, that, during the Consternation, he might kill or take the Emperor. The Palace was accordingly burnt, Feb. 23. 1668. but Nadasti fail'd in his design. After this he invited the Empe∣ror and Court to divert themselves with the Fishing of Putten∣dorf, Apr. 5. 1668. against which time he had order'd his Cook to prepare a Pigeon-pye, which the Emperor loved, and to poy∣son it; but herein he was prevented by his Countess. In 1669, and 1670, he poysoned the Wells, whence the Emperor had his Water; but also without success. At last Nagiferents, Secre∣tary of the Plot, being taken with his Papers about him, Anno 1670. Nadasti gather'd together 500 Men to Conduct him to Venice; but was surpriz'd in his Bed, and brought to Vienna, where he acknowledged his Crime, and Petitioned the Empe∣ror to spare his innocent Children, and content himself with his Punishment. During his Imprisonment, a Letter was inter∣cepted to the Grand Visier at Adrianople, seal'd with his Seal, which he denied nevertheless. On the 30th. of April, 1671, he was Beheaded according to Sentence, his Estate confiscated, his Children degraded, and his Corps expos'd to the Publick for a Days time; after which he was Interr'd, his Children quitting his Name and Arms, took that of Crutzemberg.— The Counts Scrini and Frangipani were also Condemned for Conspiring with him to deliver the Kingdom of Hungary into other Hands. Hist. of the Troubles of Hungary.
• * Nader, a great City in the Empire of the Mogul, between Se∣ronge and Agra, built round a Mountain which has a Fort on the top. The Houses are generally Thatch'd, and but one Story high, except the better sort, which are of two. A River washes it on three sides, and then falls into the Ganges. Tavernier.
• Nadin, a Fortress of the County of Zara in Dalmatia, which Solyman II. took by Composition: But in 1647, General Pisani re-took it for the Venetians, who afterwards yielded it again to the Turks. In 1682, the Inhabitants quitted and burnt it in the Night, and laid the fault upon the Morlacks. In 1683, Mehe∣met Aga, at the Head of 150 Horse, march'd to Nadin with a design to take Possession of it once more for the Grand Signior. But a considerable Number of the Subjects of the Republick having notice of his intention, prevented him, by putting them∣selves into the Place. Coronelli's Description of the Morea.
• Nania, a Heathen Goddess, to whom the Romans built a Temple without the City, near the Gate, call'd Viminalis, and supposed her to preside over the Dolefull Ditties which were used to be sung at Funerals in honour of the Dead, to the Sound of Flutes and other Instruments, by Women that were hir••d for this Service, and call'd Praeficae. These Funeral Dit∣ties, if we believe Horace lib. II. Ode I. were first invented by Simonides, a Greek Lyrick, and called Naeniae from the Name of the Goddess that had the care of 'em; which word, some think, was first used, because it naturally expresseth the Dolefull whining Tone of their Funeral Singsters: Whence the word is still used to signifie foolish Songs and idle Tales. The Flutes at the Funerals of both Greeks and Romans were not only used to accompany the Voice of those who sung the Naeniae in praise of the Dead, but also to point out the Time when the Assistants were to strike their Breasts in token of their sorrow, for these Knockings were to be perform'd in Cadence with the Musick of the Flutes. Varro de Vet. Pop. Rom. Cicero de Leg.
• Navius (Cneius) a Latin Poet, who, of a Souldier, betook himself to the Writing of Verses and Comedies: His first Co∣medy was Acted at Rome in the 519. U. C. He was also Author of an History in Verse, and several Comedies; but being too Sa∣tyrical, he incurr'd the Displeasure of Metellus, whose Family was very powerfull at Rome; and therefore was Banish'd the City, whence he retir'd to Utica in Africa, where he died the 551 of Rome. Aulus Gellius. Voss. de Hist. Lat. 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉

• 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉tation of Count Lambert, being enraged, because Charles the Bald had bestowed the City of Nantes on Reinold Earl of Poi∣ctiers, persuades Neomenus to rebell, and with his assistance kill'd Reinold, and took the City of Nantes; but Neomenus afterwards falling out with him, drove him from the City; whereupon Lambert, assisted by the Normans, surprized the Town by Night A. C. 844. kill'd most of the Inhabitants, who were fled for safety into St. Peter's Church, and Murther'd the Bishop that was saying Mass at the High Altar, and carried away with him all those that were left live. A. C. 851. Lambert a second time took this City. Neomenus died not long after, and King Charles the Bald gave the City of Nantes to Herispoux his Son. In this City Henry IV. publisht the Edict of Nantes in favour of the Protestants of his Kingdom in the Month of April 1598, which some Years ago was revok'd by the present King Lewis XIV. in 1685. though he had Sworn to preserve it. Ar∣gent. Histor. Britan. Augustin de Pas. Du Chesne. Sincerus. S. Marth. Pope Vitalian held a Council at Nantes in 658. We have also 20 Canons of a Council celebrated in this City, which, according to the common opinion, were made in 895, under Pope Formosus; but it seems more probable they were Enacted in the Council before mentioned of 658. Another Council was held here in 1127, in the Pontificat of Honorius II. as appears from the 65 and 66 Epistle of that Pope. Vincentius de Pilenis, Archbishop of Tours, held a Synod here in 1263, or 64. And Gabriel de Beauvau, Bishop of this City, published Synodal-Ordinances here in 1642.
• * Nantwich, a Market-Town of Nantwich Hundred, in the South Parts of Cheshire. It stands on the East-side of the River Wener, and is next to Chester for Greatness and Beauty. Here is made great Plenty of white Salt, the best in England: It lies upon the Road from London to Chester. The Market is on Sa∣turday abundantly provided with Corn, Cattle, and other Pro∣visions, and is distant from London 126 Miles.
• Napaeae, Nymphs of Woods and Forests, according to the Opinion of the Heathens, from the Word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which sig∣nifies a Wood or a Valley covered with Trees. Servius.
• * Naphtali, a strong City of the Tribe of that Name in the Land of Canaan, on the Dotham, North-West of Sephet, and South-East of Bethsaida, mentioned 1 Kings 4. Tobias is said to have been Born here, and carried thence with the 15 Tribes, by Salmanasser, King of Assyria, in the 6th. Year of Hezekiah, King of Judah. Tobit. 1. 2 Kings 17.18.
• * Napier (Archibald) of Marchistone in Scotland, a profound Scholar, and of great Worth: His Logarithms have rendred him famous throughout the whole World. He wrote also an Exposition of the Revelation, and died in 162—
• Naples, Lat. Neapolis, a great and fair City of Italy, which is the Capital of the Kingdom of Naples. The Italians call it Napoli, and the Spaniards Napoles. Its Name at first was Parthe∣nopea, from a Sirene so called. See Silius Italicus lib. 12. Though Naples be but accounted the third City in Italy for its Bigness, yet for its Strength and Beauty it may well be ac∣counted the first; wherefore also the Italians give it the Name of Gentille, Gentile or Noble: It boasts not without reason of excelling all the Cities of Italy for Beauty, or at least for its Inhabitants and Situation; which is so pleasant, that it allures all the Nobi••••ty of the Kingdom; having on one side a most fertile and delightfull Country; and on the other the prospect of the open Sea, which affords it a very safe Haven. The an∣cient Romans had so high an esteem for the Goodness of the Air about this City, that most of the great ones had their Country-houses in the Neighbourhood of it. There are few Cities in Europe that have more Churches than Naples. The Metropolis is Dedicated to St. January, being one of the 14 Patrons of the City. In this Church is a Chappel built after the Modern way, which is very beautifull and sumptuous, as well by reason of its Statues of Brass as by its extraordinary Painting. The Church also hath a Dome painted by Domenichino. The Egg-Castle, so called, because it stands upon a Rock of an Oval form in the Sea, was built by William III. a Norman. There is also the New-Castle, built by Charles I. of France, and enlarged by Ferdinand of Ar∣ragon, which contains the Palace of the Governour, and a vast Magazine, stor'd with all manner of War-like Instruments and Arms. The Castle of St. Elmo is a Fort that overlooks the City, being built on a high Rock, which commands the Country round about, and was built by the E. Charles V. Besides which, there is the Tower of the Carmelites, that of St. Vincent, and the Castle of Capua. The Palace of the Viceroy is very sumptuous and beautifull; next to which, the most considerable are those of Toledo, the Ursins, Cassignani, Caraffa, of the Princes of Sul∣mona, Stigliani, and those of the Dukes of Atri, Matelona, Gra∣vina, &c. The Street called La-strada di Toledo, is the fairest of all Naples, being paved with hewen Stone, and adorned with a great number of Palaces and Magnificent Houses, most of 'em covered with Plat-forms, where the Inhabitants use to take the fresh Air in the Evening. Naples hath also several fair Squares, surrounded with Iron Balisters, and all painted within, where the Nobility take their Walks. The Mole is an admi∣rable Piece of Work, which runs a quarter of a Mile into the Sea, with a stately Pharos or Light-house at the end of it, where there is a Fountain of fresh water. There are two Academies of Learned Men in this City, Gl' Ardenti and Gl'Otiosi. In 1456. there was an Earthquake in this City which lasted for a Month; and in 1528, it was Besieged by the French, who were forced to raise the Siege by a Pestilence, which consumed above 20000 of their Men. The Kingdom of Naples is the greatest Domi∣nion that is in all Italy; it extends it self in the form of a Pe∣ninsula, having the Ionian Sea on the East, the Gulph of Ve∣nice on the North, the Tyrrhene Sea on the South, and the Do∣minions of the Church on the West. It is commonly divided in∣to 12 Provinces, viz. Terra di Lavoro, the hither Principality, the further Principality, the Basilicata, the hither Calabria, the further Calabria, Terra di Otranto, Terra di Barri, la Capitanata, the County of Molisso, with the hither and further Abruzzo. All these Provinces were so well Peopled, that they contained for∣merly no less than 2700 Cities, Villages or Parishes, though it may be at present somewhat diminished. Besides, there are in this Kingdom 23 Archbishopricks, about 125 Bishopricks, 45 or 50 Principalities, 65 or 80 Dukedoms, 90 or 100 Marquisates, 65 Earldoms, and 1000 Baronies; whereof there are about 400 that are very ancient. The most considerable Cities of this King∣dom, next to Naples, are Acerenza, Amalfi, Lanciano, Capua, Gayeta, Gravina, Cosenza, Otranto, Manfredonia, Nola, Nocera, Rossana, Regio, Salerno, Tarento, Conza, Sorento, Brundusium, Barri, Benevento, which belongs to the Pope, &c. The Lakes of Fun∣di and Averno, and the Mountains Vesuvius, Posilippo, Falerno, are considerable. Its most noted Rivers are Volturn, Trionto, Of∣frante and Gallesse. The Air of the Country is wonderfull clear and healthy, and the Soil extreamly fruitfull, affording great plenty of all things; which makes the Italians say, That Naples is a Paradise inhabited by Devils; and another Proverb of theirs saith, Napoli Odorifera & Gentile, ma la Gente cativa; Naples is a sweet and genteel, or noble City, but its Inhabitants are Miscre∣ants. The Neopolitans were always very faithfull to the Romans, but their Country came into the hands of the Goths in the 5th. Century. Belisarius, the Emperour Justinian's General, having made his Souldiers enter by the Conduits, took Naples A. C. 537. but Totilas took it again in 543. Next the Lombards were possessed of it, till their Kingdom was destroyed by Charlemaigne in 774, whose Children shared this Kingdom with the Greeks, who sometime after subdued the whole, but were dispossess'd of the greatest part of it by the Saracens in the 9th. and 10th. Century, who continued here untill the Normans, Fierabras, Dreux and Guischard Duke of Calabria and Puglia, quite drove them away in the 11th. Century, and continued in possession of the Kingdom, till the Marriage of Henry IV. Son of the Em∣perour Frederick Barbarossa, with Constantia the Posthumous Daughter of Roger Duke of Puglia, in 1186. of which Marriage was Born Frederick II. who was the Father of Conrade, and he of Conradine; but the Kingdom of Naples submitted it self to Man∣fredus, Bastard to Frederick II. who was dethron'd by Charles of Anjou, Brother to St. Lewis, upon whom the Popes Urban IV. and Clement IV. had bestowed the Investiture of that Kingdom. The Princes of the House of Anjou possessed this Dominion till the time of Queen Joan the II. who Adopted Alphonsus V. King of Arragon, but his Ingratitude made her afterwards de∣clare Lewis III. Duke of Anjou her Heir; who dying, she be∣queathed it by her Last Will to Renatus of Anjou, Brother of Lewis, who took possession of it after the Death of Joan, but did not enjoy it long, the Arragonians making themselves Ma∣sters of it, who possessed it till the Conquest made of that King∣dom by Charles VIII. and afterwards Lewis XII. of France. But at last the famous Captain Gonsalva expell'd the French un∣der the Reign of Ferdinand King of Spain, and ever since that time his Successors have been Masters of it, who do homage for it to the Pope every year, by presenting a white Hackney and a Purse with 6000 Ducats, being a Fieff of the Church: because the Popes had formerly chased the Saracens thence. The City and Kingdom of Naples have produced many great Men, as Sta∣tius, Sannazzarro, Marini, Alexander ab Alexandro, &c. See di∣vers Travels of Italy; and more particularly la Guida de Forastieri Curiosi de vedere le Cose piu notabili della Regal Citta di Napoli, dall Abbate Sarnelli in 12^o. Printed at Naples 1686. and the Treatise of Father Cantel the Jesuit, intituled, Metropolitanarum Urbium Hi∣storia. It is known to all that the Neapolitans rebelled in 1646, and 1647. and that the Rebellion began in the Market-place by means of a poor Fisher-man, called Thomas Angelo Maja; but for short∣ness, Masaniello, who for 15 days together Commanded 200000 Men, who obeyed him without reserve. The Number of Kings of Naples from 1055, to 1666, are 48. This City is 125 Miles South-East of Rome, and thought to have been founded by Her∣cules, A. M. 2725. when Tola judged Israel. The Chalcidians enlarged it, and the Romans took it from the Samnites about the 463. of Rome. It has a Noble Palace, formerly belonging to their Kings, but now the Residence of the Viceroy. It has 110 Magnificent Churches, and 100 Convents very rich and stately, every one of which would be thought worth the seeing in a∣nother place; the Mass of Plate laid up in them helps to im∣poverish the City, and each of the Monasteries having the li∣berty to buy all the Houses that lie on either side of the Street where they stand, they may come in time to be Proprietors of the whole City, as the other Ecclesiasticks are in a fair way to be of the Kingdom, four Fifths of it being already in their hands, which makes it one of the poorest of Europe. Naples is reckoned to be Situated the best of any City in this part of the World, and is one of the largest and most populous in Italy, being 7 Miles in compass; and besides its advantageous Situa∣tion

• betwixt the Sea and the Mountains, is guarded by fou•• strong Castles or Cittadels. It's not above half so big as London or Paris, but more beautifull than either, the Streets being large and broad, and the Pavement great and noble; the Stones of it generally a Foot square. The City abounds with Palaces and great Buildings, and is well supplied by daily Markets, their Wine and Flesh being reckoned the best in Europe. It's scarcely ever cold in the Winter, and the cool Breezes from the Mountains refresh it in the Summer. The Catacombs of this City are more noble and large than those of Rome, both of which Dr. Burnet proves to have been the Sepulchres of the Pagans, and not as was commonly thought, the Works of the Primitive Christians. It has a very safe and capacious Harbour, and much frequented by all Trading Nations of Europe. The Kingdom is the Richest in Italy; the very Mountains which compose near one half, producing Wine and Oyl, the latter of 'em being Exported by the English for Soap, &c. as is their Corn for Spain. The Inhabitants, especially the Women, are very superstitious, and generally so lazy, that they starve in the midst of Plenty; and their Clergy are Ignorant and Cove∣tous. June the 5th. and 6th. 1688. there happened an Earth∣quake here, which on the 6th. over-turned abundance of the Churches and Religious Houses, particularly the Jesuites Church, destroyed three Ships in the Harbour, and a third part of the City. It continued more or less to the 17th. when the Earth opened in several places, vomiting out Smoak and Flames, like Vesuvius; which so terrified the Inhabitants, that two Thirds of them went to seek new Habitations. Dr. Burnet's Tra∣vels, &c.
• Naples (Garnier de) Ninth Great Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, succeeded Roger de Moulins in 1187. He was Born at Naples, or Napoli de Syria, and Lord of the City Crac in Arabia, which he bestowed upon the Order, now called Montreal, and is situate upon the Confines of the Holy Land. It was the Capital of Arabia Petraea, in the time of the Arabian Kings; at present the Grand Seignior hath made a kind of Ma∣gazine of it, where he keeps the Revenues of Egypt and Arabia. There was also a Castle of the same Name in the Earldom of Tripoli in Syria. Garnier enjoyed this Dignity onely two Months, for he died of his Wounds received in a Battle against Saladine, where King Guy of Lusignan was made Prisoner, with most of the chief Men of his Kingdom; for finding the Army to be totally routed, he fought his way through the Enemy, and got to Ascalon, where he died 10 days after, and Emengardus Daps succeeded him. Bosio's History of the Order of St. John of Je∣rusalem.
• Naplouse, or Napoulouse, a City of Palaestina, where Gara∣mond, Patriarch of Jerusalem, celebrated a Council for the Reforma∣tion of Manners in 1120, as we are informed by Gulielmus Tyrius. We must not confound this City with Sebaste, which was the same with Samaria. Napoulouse is seated at the Foot of Mount Gerizim. It was formerly called Sychar. See Cellarius Histor. Samar. c. 1.
• Napoli di Malvasia: See Malvasia.
• Napoli di Romania, Lat. Nauplia, so called from Nauplius, the Son of Hercules. 'Tis situate on the East-side of the Morea, upon a Bay, to which it gives the Denomination, in the Pro∣vince of Sacania, or the Lesser Romania. It is built upon the top of a small Promontory, which is divided into two parts; one side whereof runs into the Sea, and forms a safe and spaci∣ous Haven; and the other side, towards the Land, renders the Passage to the Town almost inaccessible, there being no other but a narrow and stony way to come to it, between the Moun∣tain Palamida and the Sea-shore. The Entrance of the Haven is so narrow, that no more than one Galley can pass at once; but the inside of it is capable of a whole Fleet. This City, for∣merly, was a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Corinth; but is now an Archbishoprick. It contains above 60000 Greeks, besides a vast Number of Inhabitants of other Nations. * In 1205. it was taken by the French and Venetians; and a little af∣ter King Giannoviza seized and plundered it. The Venetians bought it of Peter Cornaro's Widow in 1383, and defended it gallantly against Mahomet 2d. in 1460, obliging him to raise the Siege, as they did Solyman, Anno 1537. Two years after they quitted it to the Grand Seignior to procure a Peace. In 1686, General Morosini, after he had taken Navarin and Modon, or∣dered General Coningsmark to possess himself of Mount Pala∣mida, which is within Musquet-shot of the Town, and Com∣mands it; and whilst he battered it from this place, General Morosini gave Battle to the Serasquier, who came to relieve it; defeated him, and took Argos, their Fleet at the same time ta∣king Ternis. August the 29th. the Serasquier advanced again with 1000 Men, and fell upon the Venetians in their Trenches, where the Battle was dubious for three hours; but at last the Turks fled, General Coningsmark, the Princes of Brunswick and Turenne Signalizing themselves in the Action. After the Battle, the Siege was pusht on with Vigour, and the Turks Capitulated to Surrender, on the usual Terms, and were conducted to Tenedos. The Venetians found in the Castle 17 Brass Cannon, 7 Iron Can∣non, and 1 Mortar. This City is Capital of the Morea, and was the Residence of the Sangiac. It is seated on the River Ina∣chus, 60 Miles North-East of Misitra, 55 North-West of Athens, and 36 South of Corinth, and situated as well for Defence and Commerce as any place in Europe. Coronelli Descript. Moreae.
• * Narbarth, a Market-Town of Narbarth Hundred, in the North-West of Pembrokeshire, about two Miles from the Sea.
• Narbon, a City of France in Languedoc, upon the River Aude, and an Archbishop's See. It is one of the most ancient Cities of that Kingdom. The Romans setled a Colony here, and made it the Capital of Gallia Narbonensis, and bestowed several Names upon it, as Narbo, Narbona, Narbo Martius, Civitas Acacinorum, Colonia Decumanorum, &c. It is situate in the midst of a low Plain, and watered by an Arm of the River Aude, which brings up Barges from the Sea, whence it is but two Leagues distant. The Romans had a great Esteem for this place; for we find that Crassus, Julius Caesar, Tiberius, &c. did People it three several times, and bestowed great Privileges upon it. The Pro-consuls had their ordinary Residence here, and honoured it with a Ca∣pitol and Amphitheatre, erected Municipal Schools, built Baths, Aquaeducts, &c. and fill'd it with all the Marks of the Roman Greatness: In acknowledgment of which favours, the Inhabi∣tants erected an Altar in Honour of Augustus, as appears by an Inscription found in the XVI. Century. In 435, the Visigoths Besieged this City in vain; but it was Treacherously delivered to them in 462, by Count Agripin. And in 732, the Saracens took it from them, being admitted into the City as friends, but slew all, except the King. In 736, Charles Martel took it from the Saracens; since which it hath been subject to the Crown of France. The Cathedral Church is very ancient and famous, and is by some supposed to have been a Metropolitan See, since the Year 309. It is Dedicated to St. Justus and St. Martyr, and Renowned for its Organs, and the History of the Raising of Lazarus, painted by an excellent Hand. The City is well for∣tified, and hath onely two Gates. The Dukes of Septimania, were also Dukes of Narbon; and the Earls of Tholouse, who suc∣ceeded them, used the same Title; and the City and Diocess was governed under them by Viscounts. Gaston de Foix, King of Navarre, in 1468, bestowed the Viscounty of Narbon upon John his second Son, who Married the Sister of Lewis XII. by whom he had Gaston de Foix, kill'd at the Battle of Ravenna in 1513. This Gaston exchanged the City and Lordship of Nar∣bon with his Uncle, for other Lands in 1507, by which means it became United to the Crown of France. Pontanus Itinerar. Gall. Narbonens. Jul. Scalig. de claris Urbib. Galliae. Elias Vinet. Narbon. Votum. La Perriere. Annal. de Foix. Of the Councils held at Narbon, consult St. Marth. Gallia Christiana. D. Marca, Archbishop of Paris, hath published and cleared several Anti∣quities of this City in the VII. and VIII. Chapters of his Marca Hispanica, Printed at Paris, in Fol. 1688.
• Narcis, Bishop of Gironne, whose Body the Inhabitants of that City pretend to have whole and entire; and report, that when Philip III. of France besieged it in 1285, a vast swarm of Flies came out of his Tomb, and destroyed the French Army: But an Historian, quoted by de Marca, and who lived at the same time, saith, That the French having taken Gironne, and being desirous each of them to have some Relique of this Saint, crumbled him into a thousand pieces. Marc. Hispan.
• Narcissus was the Son of the River Cephissus, and of Liriope; he was a Youth of extraordinary Beauty, and disdained the Love made to him by the Nymph Echo; but afterwards chan∣cing to see his own Face in a Fountain, fell in love with him∣self; which Passion consuming him, he was changed into the Flower Narcissus, or Dassadil Ovid. Metamorph.
• Narcissus, Bishop of Jerusalem, lived towards the end of the 2d. Century. He held a Council about the time of the Cele∣bration of Easter. This holy Man was accused of unchastity by three persons, whom he had severely rebuked for their Vices. They cursed themselves with horrible Imprecations, if what they said was not true, and God punished them accord∣ingly; for the first of them was burnt in his House, together with his whole Family; the second was struck with a Sore, which rotted away his Flesh by piece-meal; and the third lost his Eye-sight. Narcissus, who upon this false Accusation had voluntarily banisht himself, returned to Jerusalem towards the end of his life, where God confirmed his Innocence by many Miracles. Euseb. Baron.
• Narden, or Naerden, Lat. Nardenum, a City of Holland, being the Capital of Goylandt, three Leagues from Amsterdam, and a∣bout as far from Utrecht. It was almost entirely ruined in the XIV. Century, and the remaining part of it was drowned by the Sea, but rebuilt by William III. of Bavaria, Earl of Holland, in 1355. Those of Utrecht took it in 1481, by disguising their Souldiers like Country Women; who entring the place on a Market-day, made themselves Masters of it; but the Inhabi∣tants were quit with them not long after. This City was, in a manner, wholly consumed by Fire in 1486; but about 100 years after it suffered much more by the Cruelty of the Spani∣ards, under the Command of Frederick de Toledo, Duke of Alva; for the Inhabitants having opened their Gates to him, he cau∣sed them to be butcher'd in a most barbarous manner. The French, by Treachery, took Naerden in 1672; but it was re∣taken again, after a Siege of some Weeks, in 1674. Junius in Batav. Descript. Marczucrius Theatr. Holland. Grotius & Strada de Bel. Belg.
• Nardo, a City of the Kingdom of Naples in Terra di Otranto, with the Title of a Dukedom belonging to the House of Con∣versano, and a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Brindes; si∣tuated in a very pleasant Plain, two or three Miles from the 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉

• Naudaeus (Gabriel) Canon of Verdun, and Prior of Artige in Limosine: He was Born at Paris in the 17th. Age; and ap∣plying himself to Study, he made a very great progress in the Liberal Sciences, Critical Learning, and Knowledge of Lan∣guages. He was Library-keeper to the Cardinals Bagni and Antonio Barbarini at Rome, and afterward to Cardinal Mazarin in France. He had provided himself a very copious Library; and his Fame spreading far and near, Christina, Queen of Sweden, sent for him to Stockholm, and bestowed many Marks of her Favour and Esteem upon him. At his return from this Voyage, he died at Abbeville the 29th. of July 1653. Gabriel Naudaeus writ several Books, viz. Syntagma de studio Militari. An Apology for great Men, who have been accus'd of Magick. In∣struction concerning the Chimerical Society of the Rosy Cross. Advice for the ordering of a Library. An Appendix to the Life of Lewis XI. A Treatise of Politicks, &c. See his Life writ by Fa. Lewis Jacob.
• Naugracut, a City and Kingdom of the East-Indies, in the Dominions of the Great Mogul. The Kingdom is situate to∣wards the Northern part of Mount Caucasus, and the Confines of Tartary. The City stands upon the River Ravee, which passeth from thence to Labor, before it loseth it self in the great River Indus.
• Navire; An Order of Knighthood, otherwise called the Ultra∣marine, or Beyond Sea Order, or the Order of the Double Crescent, instituted by St. Lewis in 1269, to encourage the Lords of France to undertake the Holy Land Expedition. The Collar of this Order was interlac'd with Escalops and Double Crescents, with a Ship hanging at it; the Ship and the Escalop-shells represent∣ing the Voyage by Sea; and the Crescents, intimating the Ex∣pedition, was design'd against the Turks. The Double Cre∣scents, plac'd Salterwise, were Argent; and the Escalops, or the Ship represented in an Oval, was Argent in a Field, Gules. St. Lewis also granted to this Order of Knights, to bear, as an additional Honour in their Arms, a Ship Argent in chief, with the Flags of France, in a Field Or. The first who re∣ceived this Order were St. Lewis his three Sons, and several o∣ther Lords that accompanied him in that Voyage. This Or∣der did not continue long in France, but was afterwards very Illustrious in the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, for Charles of France Earl of Anjou, Brother of King Lewis, made it his Order, and of the Kings of Naples his Successors: And Renatus of An∣jou, King of Sicily, restored it under the Name of the Order of the Crescent, in the Year 1448. Favin. Theatr. d' Honneur & de Chevalerie.
• Naumachia, a spacious place at Rome, hollow, in the form of a great Bason, which they could fill with Water at pleasure, and surrounded with Buildings to accommodate the Spectators that came to see the Iudicrous Naval Combats that were there exhibited to the People. The most Magnificent Naumachia's of Rome were those of Julius Caesar, of Augustus, of the Empe∣ror Claudius, of Nero and Domitian. The Emperor Heliogabalus Exhibited a Naumachia, which he caus'd to be fill'd with Wine instead of Water. Plin. Lamprid. in Heliogab.
• Naumburg, Lat. Neoburgum, a City of Germany in Misnia, a Province of Saxony, upon the River Sala, with a Bishoprick, which formerly was under the Archbishop of Magdeburg. It lies six Miles from Leipsick and eight from Erfurt, and former∣ly was subject to its Prelate, but is now under a Secular Prince of the House of Saxony. The Dukes of Saxony took Naumburg during the Religious Civil Wars of Germany, and it was yield∣ed to them by the Treaty of Passau in 1552. See Cluvier. and Paulus Longius de Episc. Neoburgensi.
• * Naupactus, or Naupactum, the Metropolis of Aetolia, upon the Bay of Corinth, 95 Miles from Nicopolis, and 145 North of Metho. It is the Seat of a Bassa, being taken by the Turks under Bajazet in 1449. Anno 1571, the Christians obtain'd a great Vi∣ctory near this place, over the Turks at Sea, called Praelium Nau∣pactinum. Naupactum excubare is a Proverb, denoting those that perish by their own Sloth; as Pausanias, who was killed there by the Greeks, when Captain of the Guards. Thuan.
• Nauplius, King of Seriphus and Eubaea, whose Son Palamedes was condemn'd to Death for a Traitor at the Siege of Troy, by the false Accusation of Ulysses: His Father, to be reveng'd of this injury, seeing the Graecian Fleet driven by Tempest upon his Coast, he set forth a Light upon the top of an high Rock, called Capharaeus, with design, that steering their Course that way, they might be Shipwrackt upon it, which happened ac∣cordingly; but hearing that Ulysses and Diomedes (upon whom he particularly desired to avenge himself) had escaped the dan∣ger, he for grief cast himself head-long into the Sea. Diodor. Hygin.
• Naurus, or Neurus, the Name whereby the Persians denote the first day of their year, which begins at the Spring Equinox, and signifies as much as New-day. The Minatzim, or Astro∣nomers, take care to observe the Minute when the Sun touch∣eth the Equator; and as soon as they have given notice there∣of to the People, they make publick Rejoicings to welcome in the New-year. Olearius's Travels into Persia.
• Naxos, Lat. Naxios, Naxia, an Island of the Aegean Sea, or Archipelago, one of the Cyclades, which is also called Nicsia and Strongyle. It belongs to the Turks, and the Inhabitants pay a Tribute yearly of 6000 Piasters. It abounds with Marble and good Wines; for which reason the Ancients consecrated it to Bacchus, who there received and entertained Ariadne, when forsaken by Theseus. The Air of this Isle is wonderfull healthy for Old People. There is never a Port or Haven in this Island; and therefore the Vessels that Trade hither are forced to ride in the Haven of the Isle of Paro, about six Miles from Naxia. In this Isle are the Ruins of a Temple dedicated to Bacchus; and here is also found the Stone called Emeril, wherewith Jewellers polish their Jewels, and Glasiers cut Glass. As to the Religion of the Isle, some are of the Latin Church, and others of the Greek, and each of them have their Archbishop. Taver∣nier's Persian Travels. Bacchus Temple was built on a Rock, encompassed by the Sea, and joyned to the Island by a Draw∣bridge; the Gate of the Temple is still to be seen, and the Pipes which conveyed the Wine into the Reservatories. This is reckoned the fairest Island in the Archipelago, and was the Re∣sidence of the Ancient Dukes, who Commanded the Cyclade••. It has three Cities, Barequa, Qusa and Falet; abounds with Fruit, Cattle and Deer, and is about 84 Miles in compass. The Inhabitants have plenty of all things; but are not rec∣koned above 5000. Most of the Inhabitants of the Chief Town, which stands in the North-West of the Island, are Papists. It was taken by the Turks, under Soliman the Great, in 1537. since which it hath paid Tribute. The North-side is Mountainous, but the South Plain and Arable, and has the Ruins of two of Apollo's Temples, one of them now dedicated to St. Salvador. Struys, pag. 109, says, he was there in 1657, and that the City Naxia has a large and commodious Haven, capable of the greatest Ships, and lies fair for all Winds, which was not known to other Geographers, as appears by the above-menti∣on'd Description.
• Nazareth, a Town of Galilee, in the Tribe of Zabulon, fa∣mous for Christ's abode there. It is 30 Leagues North of Je∣rusalem, on the side of a Mountain, where the Inhabitants have hewed out small Grotto's in a Rock, in form of Chambers, and before them a kind of a Hall, making the House consist of two Rooms, a Floor, and but one Story high. The Blessed Virgin's House was thus: The sore Room, from East to West, 26 Foot long, and 13 wide; the Door toward the South, and at the East-end a little Chimny, and on one side of it a little Cup∣board in the Wall; on the West-side was a Window; the in∣ner Room toward the North was 16 Foot long, and 5 and a half wide at one end, and 10 at another; the hight 10 Foot; and the Rom. Catholicks will have it, that after Christ's Ascension the Apostles turn'd this House into two Chappels, with an Altar in each; and so they continued till St. Helena's time, who inclo∣sed them in a Magnificent Church, leaving them in their an∣cient simplicity. In 1291, Seraph Sultan of Egypt having sub∣dued the Holy Land, destroyed the Town, levelled the Chur∣ches, and banished the Christians; at which time, they say, that Angels transported the Virgin's House first into Dalmatia, and three years after into Italy, placing it in a Field belong∣ing to a Devout Lady, called Loretto; and eight Months and a half after moved it to a Neighbouring Hill; and then a little further, where it now stands. However, the Eastern Christi∣ans built a House, resembling it, afterwards in that same place whence it was taken; and there they pretend to shew you the House where the Virgin was born, and part of the Synagogue where our Saviour explain'd that passage of Isaiah concerning himself, Joseph's Shop, and the Well whence the Virgin had her Water, &c. This Town was afterward made an Arch∣bishoprick, but now it's a poor ruinous Village, inhabited by Moors; and there is nothing to be seen but the Chappel and Cave which are kept by some Franciscans. Doubdan Voiage de la Terre Saint. Misson's Voiage into Italy. Emilian's Frauds of Monks, Priests, &c.
• Nazarites: The Name of Persons under the Jewish Law, who made a Vow to abstain from the Fruit of the Vine, from sha∣ving their Heads or cutting their Hair, and from polluting themselves by the Dead; and that either for a term of time, or to their lives end. See Numb. 6.2. to 22. Judg. 13.7. Also a Sect of Christians who received Circumcision. St. Epiphan. Haer. 29. Theodoret. de H••er. fab. Baron. in Appar. Annal.
• Nazianzum, a City of Cappadocia, which at first was a Bi∣shop's See, and afterwards a Metropolis under the Patriarch of Constantinople; and is famous for having been the Birth-place of St. Gregory Nazianzen, whose Father was Bishop of this City, whom he succeeded. See Gregory Nazianzen.

• Neacles, an ancient Painter, mention'd by Pliny. It is re∣ported of him, that having on a time painted a Horse, and not being able to represent according to his mind, the foam proceeding from its Mouth, did in a passion fling his Pencil against the Picture; which lighted so luckily, that, to his great amazement, he found that better done by chance, in an instant, than he could have done with much time and pains.
• * Neath, a Market-Town of Neath Hundred, on a River of the same Name in Glamorganshire.
• Nebo, or Nabo, an Idol of the Assyrians. Some say that Be∣lus was their first and highest God, and was the same with the Sun; and that Nebo was their Secondary Deity, and was the same with the Moon. Voss. de Idololat. St. Jerome in Isai.
• Nebuchadnezzar I. or the Ancient King of Babylon, and the same whom Berosus and other Authors call Nabolassar, who succeeded his Father Ben Merodach, A. M. 3407, and reigned 21 years, till 3429, when his Son Nebuchadnezzar II. whom

• he had before made his Parmer in the Royal Dignity, suc∣ceeded him. Torniel & Salian, A. M. 3408.
• * Neah: See Logh Neagh.
• Nebrisso, or Lebrixos, a Town of Andalusia in Spain, be∣twixt Seville and the Mouth of the River Guadalquivir. This City is mentioned by Ptolomy and Pliny. It is famous for be∣ing the Birth-place of Antonius Nebrissensis, the great Restorer of Learning in Spain.
• Nebuchadnezzar II. Sir-named The Great, Son of the former, began his Reign during his Father's life. He wag'd War a∣gainst the Assyrians and Egyptians; and being displeased with Jehoiakim, King of the Jews, for entring into Alliance with Pharaoh Necho, King of Egypt, he took Jerusalem, and made him Prisoner A. M. 3428, the 128th. of Rome, in the XVIII. Olympiad. After this Nebuchadnezzar returned into his own Country to take possession of his Father's Throne; the news of whose Death he received in Judaea, or in some neighbouring Coun∣try. Eusebius and St. Jerom, with several Authors more, are of opinion, that it was at this time that Daniel, Hananiah, Mi∣shael and Azariah were carried Captives to Babylon. Nebuchad∣nezzar had left Jehoiakim in possession of the Throne of Judaea, contenting himself to lay a great Tribute upon him; but within three years after he rebelled against him, which cost him his Kingdom; and his Body, according to the Prophecy of Jeremiah, was cast out into the Fields without burial; and Jehoiachin, called also Jechonias, succeeded him, whom Nebu∣chadnezzar not long after carried Captive to Babylon with his Wife and Children, besides 10000 Inhabitants of Jerusalem; and at the same time took along with him all the Treasures of the Temple, and all the Vessels of Silver and Gold which Solo∣mon had caused to be made. Zedekiah being put into his place by the King of Babylon, soon after rebelled likewise; whereupon the Armies of the Chaldaeans entring into Judaea, wholly sub∣du'd it, and laid Siege to Jerusalem the tenth Day of the tenth Month, 3444, being the ninth Year of Zedekiah's Reign, which Siege lasted till the fifth Day of the fourth Month, of the Year 3446. when the Chaldaeans entred the City, and Zedekiah, who had made his escape, was taken; and being brought before Nebuchadnezzar, he commanded his Sons to be kill'd before his Face, and his Eyes to be put out, and carried him bound in Fetters to Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar, after this, having subdued the Ethiopians, Arabians, Idumaeans, Philistines, Syrians, Persians, Medes, Assyrians, and almost all Asia; being pufft up with Pride, causeth a Golden Statue to be set up, and commanded all to Worship it; which Daniel's Companions refusing to do, they were cast into the fiery Furnace. It was the same Nebu∣chadnezzar to whom Daniel interpreted his Dream of the My∣stical Image, which signified the four Monarchies; and the o∣ther he had of the Tree that reached up to Heaven, and spread it self to the ends of the Earth, &c. according to the Interpre∣tation of which his last Dream, as he was in the pride of his Heart admiring the Magnificence of his Royal City Babylon, he was by a Divine Sentence, pronounced from Heaven, driven from Men, and did eat Grass as Oxen, and his Body was wet with the Dew of Heaven, till his Hairs were grown like Eagle's Feathers, and his Nails like Bird's Claws, as the Scripture ex∣presseth it. Not that he was really transform'd to an Ox, but that by a distemper of Mind, from a just Judgment of God upon him, he imagin'd himself to be so. In which condition he continued seven Years eating Grass like Beasts; at the end of which time, his Reason returned to him, and he was resto∣red to his Throne and all his Glory, and then adored and prai∣sed the Great God of Heaven and Earth. He died A. M. 3471, the 171st. of Rome, and in the XLVIII. Olympiad, being the 43d. of his Reign, in the ••th. Year whereof happened that Eclipse of the Moon, mention'd by Ptolomy, and which is the surest foundation of the whole Chronology of his Reign, 2 Kings 24.25. Jerem. 32. to 40. Dan. 1.2, 3, 4. Perer. in Daniel. Joseph. Torniel. Salian. Spondan. in Annal. Vet. Test. A. M. 3429, &c.
• * Necaus, a large, rich and populous City of Barbary, 180 Miles South of Bugia, 80 East from Stase, and 180 South-West from Constantia: It is surrounded with an ancient Wall, situate on a River in a fruitfull Soil, yielding excellent Wal∣nuts and Figs; has a fine College for Students, neat and con∣venient Houses, and most pleasant Gardens. The Inhabitants are Rich and Courteous. Leo Africanus.
• Necessity, Lat. Necessitas, a Goddess worshipt by the Heathens for the most absolute and soveraign Divinity, to which even Ju∣piter himself was forc'd to stoop. Horace gives this Description of her.

  Te semper anteit saeva Necessitas Clavos trabales, & cuneos manu Gestans Ahena, nec Severus Uncus abest, liquidum{que} plumbum.

• Necho (Pharaoh) called also Nechepsos, began to Reign A. M. 3411, of whom see 2 Kings 24. ver. 29. to 36. and 2 Chron. 35.20. Prophane Authors report of him, that he undertook to cut through the Neck of Land which is between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, in which attempt he lost 120000 Men. Joseph. Antiq Heredot. Torniel.
• Neckar, or Necker, Lat. Nicer, Nicerus and Neccanus, a River of Germany, which hath its Rise in Suevia (Schwaben), about 7 or 8 Leagues from that of the Danube, near the Village of Schwei∣ningen, at a place called Neckerfurts in the Black-forest; not far from whence it receives the River Breim, and so passeth to Rot∣weil; and entring the Dutchy of Wirtemberg, waters Tubingen, Eslingen; and passing near to Stutgard, runs to Hailbrun, &c. and entring the Palatinate, encreased with several other Ri∣vers; runs by Heidelberg and Lademberg, and at Manheim loseth it self in the Rhine. Vopiscus. Ammian. Marcellin. and divers o∣ther Authors speak of this River. See Gluver. Bertius, &c.
• Necropolis, an ancient City of Egypt, about 4 Miles from Alex∣andria, where Cleopatra kill'd her self by means of an Adder. Plut.
• Nectanebo, the last King of Egypt, the Son of Tachus, who being vanquisht by Ochus King of Persia, assisted by Mentor and his Greeks, fled into Aethiopia in 404 of Rome. In him ended the Race of the Egyptian Kings, whose Dynasties are set down by Manetho. Eusebius.
• Nectarius, Patriarch of Constantinople, and Successor of Gre∣gory Nazianzen, was born at Tharsus, of a Noble Family, being very well qualified for Government and State-affairs. The Emperor, Theodosius the Younger, nominated him to the Patri∣archate of Constantinople, when he was yet a Catechumen; and being thereupon baptized, he was consecrated Patriarch by the Council held there in 381. Nectarius governed the Church with great Piety. It happened in his time, that a Diaconess, who was a Widow of Quality, having confess'd the Actions of her past Life to the Penitentiary, he impos'd such a Penance upon her, as imported that a Deacon had debauched her; and the Deacon being thereupon deposed, encreased the suspicion, which gave rise to a great Scandal, and occasion'd Nectarius to abolish the use of Confession; so that the Rite wholly ceased in the East, and degenerated into Auricular Confession in the West. St. John Chrysostom succeeded Nectarius, who died 397. Sozomen. Socrates. Baronius.
• * Needham, a Market-Town in the County of Suffolk, and Hundred of Bosmere, whose principal Trade is in Blew and Broad Cloaths for Russia, Turky, and other Foreign Countries.
• * Needham-Point, a Fortress in Barbadoes, which sustain'd an Attack of four Hours by de Ruyster the Dutch Admiral, sent with a Squadron of Ships in 1665, to conquer that Island, whence he was repul'd.
• Negapatan, a City of the East-Indies, in the Peninsula, be∣yond the Ganges, upon the Coast of Cormandel, in the Province of Tanjaur. It was formerly possessed by the Portugueze, but now by the Hollanders. The Product of the Country is Rice and Bombast; but they have no great Trade.
• Negombo, a City in the Isle of Ceylan, in Possession of the Hollanders. It was at first possessed by the Portugueze; but the King of Ceylan being weary of their Neighbourhood, invited the Dutch to his Assistance; who being also joined by the French, took the Town by Storm in 1643: But the Ceylanders being disgusted at the Dutch, assisted the Portugueze to drive them out again, when their Forces were taken up in the Siege of Cochin; but in 1651, the Hollanders re-took it.
• Negrepelisse, a small City of France in Quercy, upon the Ri∣ver Aveirou, between Bourniquel and Albias, two or three Leagues from Montauban. Negrepelisse was a strong and con∣siderable Place, during the late Civil Wars in France. After the Siege of Montauban, Lewis XIII. sent 400 Men to Garrison the Town, who were all of them kill'd in one Night by the Protestant Inhabitants, over whom they insulted; whereupon the King came and besieged the City in 1622, and put all the People to the Sword; and as it oft happens in such disorders, a Fire being kindled, reduced the greatest part of the City to Ashes.
• * Negro, call'd by the Ancients Tanager, a River in the King∣dom of Naples, having its Source near a Lake of the same Name in the Basilicate, about 13 Miles East of Policastro, at the foot of the Apennine: It takes its Course Northward, waters Allena, hides it self for four Miles under-ground, and rising up again, falls into the Bay of Amalfi, not far from Cappiachio, 20 Miles from Salerno.
• Negropont, an Island of the Archipelago, on the Coast of Europe, separated from Achaia by Euripus. It was of old called Euboea and Chalcis; the Turks call it Egribos, and the Inhabitants Egripos. Some Authors tell us that this Island formerly was part of Boeotia, a Province of Achaia, from whence it was se∣parated by an Earthquake. It is 365 Miles in compass, 90 in length, from South to North, and 40 in breadth. It's two most noted Promontories are Cabo Figera, or Cabo d' Oro, and Cabo Li∣thar; the former of which was of old called Capharaeus. The Capital City hath the same Name with the Isle, and stands up∣on the Bank of Euripus, towards the Continent of Achaia; to which it is join'd by a Draw-bridge, which leads to a great Tower, formerly built by the Venetians in the Euripus, from whence they pass to the Continent by a Stone-bridge of five Arches. The City is about two Miles in compass; but the Suburbs, which are inhabited by Greek Christians, are more populous than the City, having about 5000 Inhabitants, where none but Turks and Jews dwell. It hath four Mosques, one whereof was formerly the Cathedral Church dedicated to St. Mark, and was under the Archbishop of Athens. The Je∣suits have also a House in the Suburbs where they teach Youth. The Governor of this Isle is a Captain Bassa, who has the Com∣mand also of Achaia. During the Government of Doge Pietro Ziani, the Emperor of Constantinople bestow'd this Island upon the Common-wealth of Venice, and Pietro Zanco was the first 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉

• 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉his Relations, Friends, and many other famous Men, and wish'd that Mankind had but one Head, that he might have the pleasure of cutting it off. To have the glory of rebuild∣ing Rome, and having it call'd by his Name, he set that fa∣mous City on fire, and to insult over it the more, got up to a high Tower, and thence taking a view of the Flames, in a Comedians Habit, sung a Song of the burning of Troy to his Harp The Fire continued six Days, and of fourteen Wards or Quarters of the City, there were onely four that escaped the direful effects of that Burning; and afterwards to rid him∣self of the hatred of this detestable action charged upon him, he laid the blame of it upon the Christians, and began the first Persecution against them; and not being contented with expo∣sing them to the utmost of Cruelties in the City, he caused ri∣gorous Edicts to be published, whereby they were made lyable to the same Cruelties throughout all the Roman Provinces. Having taken a Journey to Achaia, with a vast profusion of Treasure, he endeavoured, in vain, to dig through the Isthmus of Corinth; and in all other things his Expences were no better ordered than the rest of his Life. He commonly play'd away 10000 Crowns at a cast of Dice, and used to angle with a golden Rod, and a Line of Scarlet. His Treasure being exhausted by his immeasurable Profusion, and himself become the common detestation of mankind, as the most execrable of Monsters for his Cruelty and Abominations, his Armies in Gaul declared themselves against him, and Galba revolted in Spain, which news cast him into such despair, that he design∣ed to have poisoned himself, or to have gone to Galba and de∣manded the Pardon of the People, but as he was pursued on e∣very side, to have been sacrificed to the Resentments of the Publick, he was abandoned of all Men, and as he said him∣self, could find neither Friend nor Enemy, so that he was forced to turn his own Executioner, nor could he have found a more infamous Hangman. So that being abandoned of all Men, he in a rage cry'd out, Have I neither Friend nor Enemy? The marks of his Horrour and Despair continued on his Face after he was dead, his Eyes staring in a most dreadful manner, to the affrighting of all the Beholders. He was then in the two and thirtieth Year of his Age, having governed the Em∣pire thirteen Years, seven Months and eighteen Days, from the thirteenth of October 54 to the tenth of June 68. Nature had delineated his Manners on his Face, and the whole make of his Body; for he had little Eyes, and cover'd with Fat, his Throat and Chin join'd together, a thick Neck, a great Belly, and his Legs slender. All which proportions made him not unlike a Swine, whose filthiness he well exprest. His Chin turn'd upwards, which was a sign of his Cruelty. Fair Hair, small Legs, and his Face rather Fair than Majestical, were pregnant signs of his Effeminateness. His unheard of wickedness had been long before prognosticated by his Father Domitius, from a Calculation of his own, and his Wife Agrippina's Manners in these words, It is impossible that any thing that is good should ever proceed from me or her, which proved but too true. Spon. Sueton. Aurelius Victor, S. Augustin.
• Nero, a famous Impostor who appeared, A. C. 72. two Years after the death of Nero, and was a Slave of Pontus; or as others, an enfranchised Slave of Italy; he declared himself to be that Emperor, and was so like him in his Face and Body, and could play upon Instruments and sing so like him, that he got credit amongst some, especially a company of Vagabond De∣serters, of whom, by making great Promises to them, he made a shift to get an Army together, and putting to Sea, he took the Isle of Delos, which success would have much strength∣ened and encreased his Party, but that Galba in all haste sent Calpurnius Asprenas to subdue him, who coming to that Island fought and slew him. His Body being carried to Rome, all persons admired his resemblance of Nero, whom he had en∣deavour'd to counterfeit. Tacitus Histor. Zonar. Annal Graec.
• Nerva (Cocceius) was chosen Emperor after the Death of Domitian, who had before banisht him, in 96. He immedi∣ately upon his accession to the Throne, recall'd those that had been banished for their Religion; he extended his Favour al∣so to the Jews, and forgot nothing that might contribute to the restoring of the Empire to its former Lustre. But finding that his great Age would not suffer him to go through with the Work he had begun, he adopted Trajan, a Man highly esteemed for his Valour and Vertue. Nerva died January 27, 98. in the 66 Year of his Age, or as Eutropius in his 72, ha∣ving reigned one Year, four Months and eleven Days. He had the command of the Army in Gaul when he was decla∣red Emperor. Dion in Nerva. Aurel. Victor. de Caesar. Eutrop. Herodian.
• Nervii, a People of old Gaul, whose Courage and Conduct in War is commended by Caesar; they belonged to the Dio∣cess of Cambray, which stands in the place of the antient Baray, the same with the Baganum of Ptolemy, or Bagacum, as it is writ by the Roman Itineraries. Caesar. Comment.
• Nery (St. Philip de) Founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Oratory in Italy, was born at Florence. He was much given to Prayer and Contemplation, insomuch that it is reported of him, That he would continue for forty hours toge∣ther at his Devotion. He died in the Eightieth Year of his Age in 1595, and was Canonized by Pope Gregory XV in 1622. Spondan. & Rainald. in Annal. Anton. Galon in his Life.
• Nesle, Lat. Nigella, a small City of France in the Territory of Santerre in Picardy, with the Title of a Marquisate, upon a small River called Ignon, which discharges it self into the Somme, two Leagues from Ham, between Peron and Noyon. Charles the Hardy D. of Burgundy took Nesle by Storm in 1472, and because the In∣habitants had killed one of his Heralds, who was sent to summon them to surrender, and two of his Men more during a Cessati∣on of Arms, he exercised great cruelty against them, insomuch that the respect of holy Altars did not save those who had fled into the Churches, and those who escap'd the fury of the Soul∣diers, were either hang'd, or had their Hands cut off. This Town gave its Name to the Family de Nesle, many of whom have been great Men. Morlier de Famil. de Picardie.
• Nestor of Laranda in Lycaonia, a Greek Poet, who writ an Iliad, whereof the I. Book had never an Alpha in it, the II. ne∣ver a Beta, and so on. Hesychius, Suidas, and others speak of him, but it is not known about what time he lived.
• Nestor of Pylos in Arcadia, the Son of Neleus and Cloris, much spoken of by Homer and other Poets. Whilst his Father was yet alive he subdued the Aelians, and being present at the Wedding of Pyrithous, he discomfited the Centaures, and A. M. 2870 he was at the Siege of Troy with Agamemnon, who highly esteemed him for his Wisdom and Eloquence. Homer reports of him, that he lived 300 Years.
• ...

  Nestorians, the Disciples of Nestorius the Heretick, whom neither the death of their Ringleader, nor the Anathema's of Councils, nor the Edicts of Emperors, could hinder from spread∣ing themselves far and wide throughout the East, where they still continue, and have their Patriarch at Mosul, (which is the ancient Seleucia) at Caramit and elsewhere, tho' indeed they seem to differ much from the ancient Nestorians, as appears by their Confessions. They have also often submitted themselves to the Latin Church, as in the time of Eugenius III in 1274, under Pope Eugenius IV, Julius II, Pius IV, and Paul V. They are also called Chaldaeans. See Petrus Strozza de Dog∣matibus Chaldaeorum, Bzovius, Spondanus, Rainald A. C. 1247. 1445, &c.

  Those Christians which at this Day are called Nestorians and Chaldeans are very numerous, and have spread themselves over Mesopotamia and along the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris; yea, they are got into the Indies, and the further parts of Asia. Mark Paul the Venetian, who lived in the XIII Century, and made his abode a great while in Tartary and China, assures us, that there were great numbers of them in the Provinces of Tan∣gu, Erginul, and Mongul in Tartary, and in Cinghiansu, and Quinsay, great Cities of China. This agrees with the account the Portugueze give us, who discovered the way to the East-In∣dies, by the Cape of Good Hope; for they tell us, that all the Chri∣stians they met with on the West and Eastern Coast of the Indies, as at Goa, Cochin, Angamala, Meliapour, Bengala; and in the Em∣pire of the great Mogul, were all Nestorians, and subject to the Patriarch of Babylon in Chaldaea, whose See is at Mosul, a City built on the Ruins of Nineve, and who takes the Title of Ca∣tholick or Universal. The Patriarchate is as it were Heredita∣ry amongst them, and is always given to the Nephew, or one that is nearest of kin to the Patriarch, though he be but eight or nine Years of age, and cannot so much as read. He who's design'd for the Patriarchal Dignity may not marry, but the Priests may marry twice or thrice, as well as the Seculars, contrary to the practice of other Eastern Christians, who oblige their Priests to live in Celibacy after the death of their first Wives. They officiate in the Chaldee Language. They speak according to the different places of their abode, either Greek, Arabick, or the Curds Language. The Prince of which Peo∣ple makes use of them for his Guards, and by their means maintains himself against the Puissance of the Turks. Many learned Men question, whether these Christians now mention'd be indeed tainted with the Nestorian Heresie, they having by se∣veral Confessions of their Faith, and other publick Acts, quo∣ted by the above-mentioned Petrus Strozza, fully clear'd them∣selves from that Imputation; and that they are Orthodox in the main, tho they express themselves in other terms than the La∣tin Church commonly does. See Strozza de Dogmatibus Chal∣daeorum M. Simon.

  The Learned give us this account of the Nestorians Belief, concerning the Mystery of the Incarnation, viz. That they af∣firm the Word took a Body in the blessed Virgin, That both Na∣tures are united in Jesus Christ without mixture or confusion, and that therefore the Properties of both remain entire. And as for their not calling the blessed Virgin Mother of God, but Mother of Jesus Christ; the Patriarch Elie, says, they speak so to condemn the Apollinarists, who pretend, That the Divine Na∣ture was without the Humane; and to confute Themistius, who asserted, That Jesus Christ was but meer Man. This Patriarch sent the ablest of his Church to Rome with his Confession of Faith, wherein he shews, That they agree in the main, but differ in Ceremonies. He reduces the Differences to five Heads, viz. That they call the Virgin, Mother of Jesus Christ, That they admit two Persons in Jesus Christ, That they allow him but one Power and one Will, That they hold the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father alone; and assert a miraculous kindling of the Fire in the Holy Sepulchre on Easter Eve. Thus they justified what they advanc'd before Pope Paul the Fifth. 1. That it is a receiv'd Principle in both Churches, That the

• ...

  Divine Nature does not beget, nor is of it self begotten; That though it is true, the Virgin conceiv'd Jesus Christ, who is both God and Man; yet there were not two Sons, but one onely true one; and added, That the Nestorians do not deny but the Virgin may be call'd Mother of God, because Jesus Christ is really God. 2. They say the Latins allow two Natures and one Person; whereas they affirm, there are two Persons and one Prosopa, or visible Person, and but one Will and Power: Which they reconcile thus. They distinguish in their Understanding two Persons that answer the two Natures allow'd; but behold∣ing with their Corporeal Eyes but one Christ, who has the Pro∣sopa, or appearance of one onely Filiation, they allow him but one Power and Will, which does not hinder their acknowledg∣ment of two Operations and two Wills, suitable to the two Na∣tures. As for the two last Points, they are common to 'em, with all the Eastern-Church. Strozza de dogmatibus Caldaeorum. M. Simon. * Rosse says, that the Cause of their Increase was the Encourage∣ment which they had from Cosroes the Persian King, who in ha∣tred to the Emperor Heraclius, caused all Christians, within his Dominions, to become Nestorians; adding, That they rejected the Council of Ephesus, and all other Councils after it; but have now renounced that Opinion. They Administer the Sacrament with Leavened bread, and in both kinds; permit their Priests to Marry, disown Confirmation and Auricular Confession. Rosse's View of all Religions. Spanheim writes, That Nestorius, the Au∣thor of the Sect, was Bishop of Constantinople, Ann. 428. That he was a proud, severe Man, but ignorant of Antiquity: That he was Author of the Law made by Theodosius Junior, against all Hereticks; and that he himself was a Pelagian: That his Heresie was occasion'd by the rashness of a certain Judaizing Presbyter, called Anastasius. His Favourers were Theodoretus Bishop of Cyprus, and Joannes Antiochenus; but they favoured his Person more than his Opinion. Theodorus, Bishop of Mopsuesta in Cilicia, and Ibas of Edessa, were his Friends, and the former reckoned his Master. Spanheim's Epitome.

• Nestorius of Germanicia, a Town of Eufratesia or Syria, near Mount Amanus; he was elected Bishop of Constantinople in the place of Synesius; was a very Eloquent person, and one that ex∣press'd at first a great deal of Zeal against Hereticks; but not long after he openly defended Anastasius the Priest, who main∣tain'd that the Blessed Virgin ought not to be called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Deipara; and that there were not only two Natures, but also two Persons in Christ; and that therefore the Blessed Virgin must only be styled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or the Mother of Christ, who was found worthy to be united to the Word, by the Word's inhabiting in his Humanity, as it were in a Temple, and to which it was only Morally united; by this means denying the Mystery of the Incarnation, and the infinite Merit of his Works, as proceeding from a Person that was God-man. To which he also added, that the Jews did not crucifie God. Which Opini∣ons of his were opposed and refuted by Cyrillus in several Trea∣tises, sent to Theodosius the Younger, and to Pulcheria and Eu∣doxia his Sisters. But these not reclaiming him, Pope Celestine condemned him in a Synod held at Rome in 430; and St. Cyril celebrated another at Alexandria, wherein they agreed upon XII. Anathema's, or Articles, which they sent to Nestorius for him to subscribe; but he not yet submitting, a Synod was con∣ven'd at Ephesus by Theodosius the Younger, A. C. 431, in which St. Cyril of Alexandria did preside, where Nestorius was condem∣ned, and banished to the City Oasis in Egypt; which being de∣stroyed by the Blemyae, a People of Aethiopia, he was forc'd to wander up and down, and at last died of the Consumption, though some attribute a more direfull Death to him; viz. That his Tongue was eat up by Vermin, his whole Body pu∣trefied, and at last he broke his Neck by a fall. Histor. Trip. Cassian. de Incarnat. lib. Cyrill: contra Nestorium. Socr. Evagr. Baron.
• Neuburg, a City, has given its Name to the House of Neubourg, a Branch of that of Bavaria. In 1569, that Family quitted Deux∣ponts, which was Hereditary to them. It has been observ'd, in speaking of Bavaria and Deuxponts, that Stephen II. Son of the Emperor Robert the Little, left two Sons, Frederick and Lewis the Black; this last had Alexander, Sir-nam'd the Lame Duke of Deuxpont's, and Father of Lewis II. who left Wolfgang, that died in France in 1569, leaving Philip Lewis, in whom began the Branch of Neubourg; he died in 1614, leaving besides seve∣ral other Children, Wolfgang William, who succeeded him, and August, the first of the Branch of the Count Palatins of Sultzbach. Wolfgang became a Papist in 1614, and put in for the Succession of Juliers, which involv'd him in the Netherland Wars. He di∣ed in 1653. His Son Philip William, born Nov. 23. 1615. after many Disputes with the Marquess of Brandenburg, about the same Succession of Cleves and Juliers, succeeded Charles the Elector Palatine in 1685, by virtue of the Fifth Ar∣ticle of the Treaty of Osnabrug. In 1688, the King of France outed him of most of the Palatinate against all Right and Ju∣stice, so that he now keeps his Residence at Neubourg. This Prince took to his first Wife Ann Catharine Constantia, Daughter of Sigismund III. King of Poland; and after her Death in 1651, he married Elizabeth, Daughter of George Prince of Hesse Darm∣stadt, who made him Father of the following Illustrious Off∣spring. 1. Eleanora Magdalena Teresia, born at Dusseldorp in 1655, and married to the present Emperor Leopold the First in 1674. Johannes Wilhelmus Josephus, Hereditary Prince, born in 1658, married to Maria Anna Josepha, Daughter of the Empe¦ror Ferdinand III. Lodovicus Antonius, born in 1660, G rea Master of the Teutonick Order. Carolus Philippus, born in 1661 married to Lovisa Charlotte, Widow of the Marquess of Bran∣denburg. Alexander Sigismund, born in 1663, Dean of the Chap∣ter of Constance. Franciscus Ludovicus, born in 1664, chosen Bi∣shop of Uratislaw in 1683. Fredericus Wilhelmus, born in 1665. Maria Sophia Elizabetha, born in 1666, married to Peter King of Portugal in 1687. Maria Anna, born in 1667, married to Charles II. present King of Spain, in 1689. Philipus Wilhelmus Augustus, born in 1668. Dorothea Sophia, in 1670. Hedewig Elizabetha Amalia, born in 1673. Leopoldina Eleanora Josepha, born in 1679, which, with one Prince and two Princesses that died young, make up 17. Schowart. observ. Histor. Geneal.
• Neuburg, Lat. Neoburgum, a City of Germany in Bavaria, with the Title of a Dukedom, situate on the right side of the River Danube, between Donavert and Ingolstat. This is the City which gives its Name to the House of Neuburg above-mention'd, a Branch of that of Bavaria; and now in possession of the Electo∣rate Palatine, which the Duke of Neuburg inherited from the last Elector Palatine in 1684.
• Neuburg, or Nyburg, Lat. Neoburgum, a strong City of the Kingdom of Denmark, in the Eastern part of the Isle of Funen, on the right Shoar of the Beltsound, was built in 1175, by Canu∣tus, Son of Prebeslaus, Duke of Laland, an Island of the same Kingdom. This City, which formerly was the Residence of the Kings of Denmark, and the place of Parliaments, hath a very good Haven, and has often serv'd for a Rendezvous to the Fleet of the Kingdom: It has also a Citadel which Commands that Sound, to oblige lesser Vessels (which chuse to go that way, rather than through the Sound,) to pay the King's due. Baudrand. Pontan.
• * Neuburg, a small City of Schwaben, in the Dutchy of Wirts∣burg, on the River Ents, six Miles West of Stugart, and six South of Spire, near the Marquisate of Baden.
• * Neuburg in Brisgow, upon the Rhine, South of Basil, be∣twixt it and Brisac, formerly an Imperial City, but in 1410 granted to the House of Austria. It suffer'd much in 1675.
• * Nevern, a Market-Town of the Hundred of Kems in Pem∣brokeshire.
• Nevers, upon the River Loire, is a City of France, the Capi∣tal of Nivernois, with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Sens. It is very ancient, and mention'd by Caesar in his Commentaries, under the Name of Noviodunum in Aeduis. By other Latin Authors it is called, Nivernae, Nivernium, Nivernum Vadicassium, Noviodunum Augustonemetum. It was made an Earl∣dom under the first Kings of France, and Charles the Fifth made it a Dukedom and Peerage in 1457. In this City is still to be seen the Castle of the ancient Earls; besides which, its Fortress, its Bridge of 20 Arches over the Loire, and its Manufactures of Glass and Earthen-Ware, are Particulars worth the notice of Travellers. This City hath 11 Parishes, a considerable Chap∣ter, and divers Ecclesiastical and Religious Houses. The Ni∣vernois, or Territory of Nevers, lies between Burgundy, Bourbon∣nois, Berry and Gastinois; is about 20 Leagues in length, and near as much in breadth: Its most considerable places, next to Nevers, are La Charite, St. Pierre le Moustier, Decize, Donzi, Cla∣mecy, Vezelay, &c. This Province is also stor'd with Woods, Iron Mines, and some of Silver, with divers Quarries of curi∣ous and fair Stone. Henrietta of Cleves, Dutchess of Nevers and Rethel, was born the 31st. of October 1542, and was married the 5th. of March 1565, with Lewis of Gonzaga, Prince of Man∣tua, &c. Governour of Champagne, and died the 24th. of June 1601, and are the Stock from whence the late Dukes of Mantua proceed, of whom Cardinal Mazarine purchased the Dutchies of Nevers and Rethel, and left them to Philip Mancini Mazarin his Nephew, who at present is Duke of Nevers. Du Bouchet. Sancte Marthe. Du Chesne.
• Neven (Magdalen) Lady of Roches in Poitou, lived in the XVI. Century, and was famous for her Parts, Ingenuity and Learning, of which the Works she hath writ are an abundant Testimo∣ny. She had a Daughter that was not inferior to her Mother in all these Accomplishments. They both died of the Plague. Saint Marth. in Elog. lib. 3.
• Neufchastel, a City of Normandy, in the Territory of Caux, up∣on a small River, which runs into the Bethune, 7 or 8 Leagues from Diepe, and 4 from Aumale.
• Neufchastel, or Newemburg; Lat. Neocomum, a City of Switzer∣land, upon a Lake of the same Name, 8 Leagues from Lausanna, and a little less from Berne; it is Allied with the Swisse-Cantons, and is a Soveraign Earldom, which Joanna of Hochberg trans∣ported to the House of Longueville in 1504, by her Marriage with Lewis of Orleans, first of that Name, Duke of Longue∣ville.
• Neufmarche, Lat. Novus Mercatus, a Town on the River Ette, in the Diocess of Rouen, and Province of Normandy. It was formerly a Town of good Note. In 1••51, Lewis VII. took it after a sharp Siege. It was restored to the English in 1154. In 1161, Henry II. of England held a Parliament here, where∣in Pope Alexander III. was owned, and the Anti-pope Victor re∣jected. It is 20 Miles South of Roan, and 20 Miles West of Paris.
• * Neuhais, or Neuhaus, Lat. Novum Castrum, a strong Hold in Livonia, upon the River Wop, 10 German Miles from Derpt, 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉

• 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉of Oxford, and his second, Daughter to Sir Thomas Parr of Ken∣dal, who was the last Queen to Hen. VIII. Whose Son John succeeded, and having no Issue Male, but four Daughters for Heirs, he was the last Lord L••timer of this Family. His Daugh∣ter Catharine was married to Hen. Earl of Northumberland; Do∣rothy, to Thomas Cecil, Lord High Treasurer of England, and af∣terward Earl of Exceter; Lucy, to Sir William Cornwallis, Knight; and — to Sir John Davers, Knight. Dugdale.
• * Nevil's-Cross, A noted Place near Durham for the Battle fought there Octob. 20. 1346. betwixt the English and Scots whilst Edw. III. was taken up with the Siege of Calice; the Battel was chiefly manag'd by the Lords Mowbray, Percy, and Nevil; the Queen her self being in Person in the field: and such was our Success in it, that the Scots were entirely defeated, and their King; David Bruce, taken Prisoner by one Copland, a Man of mean degree, but knighted for the Action.
• * Neumark, Lat. Nova Marchia, A City of Transilvania, called Waverhely by the Hungarians, on the River Merisch, at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains, 36. M. North-East from Clausenburg. The States of Transilvania usually meet here.
• * Neustat, Lat. Neostadium, one of the Principal Cities in Austria, on a small River in a Marshy Ground, six German Leagues South of Vienna. The Town is Square, having a Pi∣azza in the middle, and is defended with two Walls and a Ditch; and though not very strong yet Solyman the Magnificent, An. 1529. storm'd it seven times in one day, and was as often repulsed. The Emperour has a great Palace here, with four Towers to be seen at a great distance. There is another Town of this Name 5. Miles W. from Opelin in Bohemia, another on the Rhine, four Miles from Spire, and two North of Landaw. A fourth in the Dutchy of Wirtzburg, two Miles East of Hailbrun. And a fifth in Brunswick, six miles West of Zell, under the Duke of Hanover.
• * Neure, A River in Kilkenny in the Province of Linster in Ireland, which waters Rosse, falls into the Sewre, separates Lin∣ster from Munster, and runs into the Sea beneath Waterford.
• * Neury, A Town of Ireland in the Province of Ulster, County of Down, and Barony of Upper Evagh. Long. 8. 50. Lat. 51. 12.
• Neustria, or Westria, A part of France anciently so called, and contain'd the Western part of it that reach'd from the Ri∣ver Saone and the Maes, or Meuse, to the Loire and the Ocean. This Name is used by the Writers that lived under Charlemaigne and his Son: and hath been since changed into that of Normandy, though that Province, according to the Bounds it hath at present, be indeed but a part of the ancient Neustria.
• * Nevyn, A Market- and Sea-Town in the South-West of Carnarvanshire, in Trullain Hundred.
• * New-Albion: See California.
• * Newark, A Market and Borough Town of Newark Wapen∣take in the East parts of Nottinghamshire, situate on the East-side of the River Trent, and call'd Newark, from a Castle built here on the River's side by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln, the Ruins whereof yet standing are a sufficient Proof of its former strength and beauty. This, in short, is one of the chiefest Places in the whole Countrey, and a great Thorow-fare on the Northern∣road; having a fair Market-place, with a Church and a Steeple of curious Architecture. In this Town died King John coming from Lincolnshire, when he went thither to fight Lewis the Dau∣phin of France. Edw. VI. made it a Corporation, and gave it the Privilege of sending two Burgesses to Parliament. In the Year 1643. it was besieged by the Parliament Forces, and the Siege raised by Prince Rupert. But in 46 it was forc'd to surrender, King Charles I. being then in the hands of the Scots and all his Forces dissipated. The same gives the Title of Viscount to the Earl of Kingstone.
• * Newbery, A Market-Town of Fair-cross Hundred in the South-West parts of Berkshire: It stands upon the River Kennet, and is chiefly noted for the two Battels fought here in the Civil-Wars, the first, Sept. 10. 1643. the second, Octob. 27. 1644. whereof take this Account extracted from Dr. Fuller. The Earl of Essex having raised the Siege of Glocester, and returning to∣wards London, was rather followed than overtaken by the King's Army, both Sides might have been trac'd by a Track of bloudy Footsteps, especially at Aubrun in Wiltshire, where they had a sharp Encounter. At Newbery the Earl made a Stand, and here hap∣ned a fierce Fight on the East-side of the Town, wherein the Lon∣doners shew'd that they could use a Sword in the Field, as well as a Mete-yard in the Shop. The Parliament was conceiv'd to lose most, and the King the most considerable Persons, amongst whom were the Earls of Carnarvan and Sunderland, the Vis∣count Faulkland, Col. Morgan, &c. Both sides were so beaten that neither of 'em had cause to boast next day of a Victory or car'd to renew the Fight. As to the Second, one would won∣der how the Earl of Essex, so lately stript of all his Infantry in Cornwall, so soon recruited himself with more Foot. In fine, he gave the King Battel, which was as long and sharp as the for∣mer, but more favourable to the Parliament side. The Roya∣lists, sensible of their Disadvantage, thought it best to withdraw, and, to amuse the Enemy, they hung lighted Matches upon the Hedges, and marched off in as good order as their Conditi∣on would allow. Charles Fitz-roy, Duke of Southampton, was created Baron of this Place in 1675.
• * New-Biscaye, A Country of New-Spain in Northern A∣merica, bounded with the Kingdom of Mexico to the North; it has some Towns and strong Forts possessed by the Spaniards; and is of note for its two Silver Mines.
• * Newbury, A Market-Town of Menay Hundred, in the South parts of the Isle of Anglesey.
• * New-Castle, Lat. Novum Castrum, the Chief Town of Nor∣thumberland, lies North by West from London, on the North side of the River Tine which parts Northumberland from the Bi∣shoprick of Durham, and not above seven Miles from its Fall in∣to the Sea. For distinction's sake it's call'd New-Castle upon Tine, to difference it from New-castle upon Line in Staffordshire. Over the River it has a fair Stone-bridge leading to Gates-head in Durham, with an Iron-gate in the middle parting the two Coun∣ties. The Town stands high and low, most of it upon a Hill of no easie Ascent, and the rest upon the bottom near the Ri∣ver; it contains in all four large Parishes; the Houses are most of Stone, some all Timber, and a few Brick: The whole en∣compassed with a Wall and fortified with a Castle now falling to ruin, built by Robert, son to William the Conquerour. From whence this Town, formerly call'd Monk-Chester, took the Name of New-Castle. It was made a Mayor-Town by Richard II. Amongst the other publick Buildings of this Place, the Key and Town-House, the Custom-House upon Sandy Hill, and St. Ni∣cholas Church in the middle of the Town, are the most remark∣able. Ships of good Burthen come up to the very Bridge, tho' the New-Castle Fleet seldom comes higher than Sheels, at the River's Mouth. Under the Town is the Exchange or Meeting-Place for Merchants, near unto which, in the Market-Place, was set up in the late Reign, a Brazen Statue representing King James on Horse-back; but soon after his Abdication pulled down by the Forces then quartered in the Town. St. Nicholas Church stands very lofty on the Hill, and looks more like a Ca∣thedral than a Parish-Church, with a fair Steeple of curious Ar∣chitecture. But the main business of New-Castle is the great Trade it drives both by Sea and Land in most sorts of Commo∣dities, which has made it long since the richest Place of the North. The Coal-Trade especially has much contributed to its Wealth, being furrounded as it is with Coal-Pits, bless'd with the Convenience of a Navigable River for the Transpor∣tation of so necessary and usefull a Commodity, and indow'd with great Privileges. Insomuch that no Owner of Coals can load a Ship with his own Commodity without the Inspection of a Fitter, who has 6 d. a Chaldron allow'd him, besides 3 d. a Chaldron the Town takes as a Duty. To conclude, New-Castle was made a County of it self by King Henry the VIth. by which it has the Privilege of governing it self independently from the rest of the County. In the Reign of King James I. it gave the Title of Earl to Lodowick Stuart, Duke of Lenox, af∣terwards made Earl, and at last, Duke of Richmond, An. 1627. It was reviv'd in the Person of William Cavendish, Viscount Mans∣field, and Baron Ogle, which King Charles I. improv'd afterwards to the Title of Marquess, and at last to that of Duke of New-Castle: Wherein he was succeeded by Henry his Son and Heir, the late Duke, with whom the Title is extinct.
• * New-Castle, A Market- and Borough-Town of Pyre-Hill Hundred, in the North-West parts of Staffordshire. This is com∣monly call'd New-Castle upon Line, from the Rivulet Line upon which it is seated, to distinguish it from New-Castle upon Tine in Northumberland.
• * New-Castle, A Market-Town in the North-East parts of Carnarvanshire.
• * New-Castle, A Barony and Town of Ireland, in the Pro∣vince of Linster and County of Dublin. Long. 6. 59. Lat. 53. 17.
• * New-England was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot, in 1497. and 1584. Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow took possession of it for Queen Elizabeth. Next Year Sir Ri∣chard Greenvil conveyed an English Colony thither under Mr. Ralph Lane, who in a Year after returned with Sir Francis Drake into England. It is seated on the North of Mary-land, and South of Virginia, in the 40. and 41. Deg. of North Latitude, and hath 70 Miles of Sea-Coast, with several good Havens, some capable of giving safe Harbour to 500 Sail; about 200 Isles which lie on the Coast breaking the Rage of the Sea and Winds. Captain Smith, being taken by the Native••, gives this Account of their Superstition; That in a House where he lay, seven of their Priests, each with a Rattle began at Ten in the Morning to Sing about a Fire which they encompassed with a Circle of Meal; at the End of every Song they laid down some Grains of Wheat; then the Chief-Priest, cloathed with a Skin, and his Head adorned with Weazels Skins, &c. and a Coronet of Feathers painted as ugly as the Devil, at the end of every Song he used strange and vehement Gestures, throwing Cakes of Deer Suet and Tobaco into the Fire, and thus continued for three days till Six at Night: Pretending that it was to know of their God, whether any more English would come, and what they designed. They fed the Captain so high, that he was afraid of being Sacrificed to their God, than whose Image nothing can be more Monstrous. Being set at Liberty, and President of the Company, the Women gave him a very odd Entertainment, thus; Thirty of them came out of the Wood, their Bodies being covered with Leaves and variously painted; their Leader had a Pair of large Stagg's Horns, Bows and Arrows, the rest were dressed in the same manner, they

• rush'd through the Streets with hellish Shouts, and danced round a Fire for an hour; after which they solemnly invited him to their Lodging, where they all surrounded him, crying, Love you not me; and after having feasted him with great Variety in their mad way of Cookery, conducted him home with a Firebrand. The Natives wear loose Mantles, Aprons of Deer-skin round their middle, all else being naked; their Stature is like ours in En∣gland; they Paint themselves; and he is reckoned the greatest Gal∣lant that is most deformed. The Women embroider their Leggs, Hands, &c. with Figures of Serpents, &c. and black Spots in their Flesh. Their Houses are made of small Poles set round, fastned at top like our Arbours, and covered with Matts. They are expert Archers, and shoot flying or running. One of our Men was shot through the Body and both the Arms at once with an Arrow. And an Indian shot an Arrow of an Ell long through a Target which was Pistol-proof. Their Bows are of tough Hazel, their Strings of Leather, their Arrows of Cane or Hazel, pointed with Stone or Horn. They soon faint, if their Arrows do not execution in Battle. They say they have Men of above two hundred years old. When they design to make War, they first consult with their Priests and Conjurers, and adore whatever they think may unavoidably hurt them, as Fire, Wa∣ter, Lightning, Thunder, our Guns, Muskets, and Horses. Nay some of them were once so terrified at seeing an English Boar set up his Bristles, that they were in a mighty fear, taking him to be the God of the Swine, and angry at them. Their chief object of Worship is the Devil, whom they call O-kee; conferr with him, and fashion themselves like him. In their Temple they have his Image ill-favouredly carved and painted, with Chains, Copper, and Beads, and covered with a Skin. When their Kings die they embowell them, drie them on a Hurdle adorn'd with Chains and Beads, and wrapping them in white Skins and Mats, in∣tomb them in Arches of the same with their Wealth at their Feet, but the common People they wrap in Skins and Mats, put them in a Hole, and laying Sticks upon them, cover them afterwards with Earth, which being done, the Women paint their Faces black with Coal and Oil, and mourn in the House together twenty four hours, yelling by turns. In 1606. A small Colony of English was sent hither under Captains Popham and Gilbert, at the Charge of Sir John Popham, but without effect. Soon after some Honourable Persons of the West of England ob∣tained of King James I. a Patent of North America, called New-England, from 40 to 48 degrees of North Latitude; but the De∣scriptions being uncertain and false, little other Improvement was made, save the erecting some few Cottages for Fishers and Plan∣ters. In 1610. Mr. Robinson, a dissenting Minister, with other English, then at Leyden, obtain'd a Grant from King James I. to plant themselves in New-England, about Hudson's River, and en∣joy the Liberty of their Conscience. They sail'd from Plimouth in September, for the South of New-England, but escaping many Dangers, were about the 11th of November cast upon a bosom of Cape-Cod, in Massachuset's Bay. Winter drawing on a pace, wanting opportunity to remove, and being encouraged by the Soil and Courtesie of the Heathen, they founded a New Colo∣ny, calling it New-Plimouth, (because Plimouth was the last Town they sailed from in England,) extending about 100 Miles in length, but not half so broad. From thence to 1636. they were very successfull, and increased; but the Naragansets, the Fiercest and most Warlike of the Natives, murthered several of them, and the Dutch, as Captain Stone, Captain Oldham, &c. but the Inhabitants of the Colonies falling unanimously upon them in 1637. cut off about seven hundred, and the rest were kill'd by the Neighbouring Indians, to whom before they were terrible, upon which Miantonimoh, Chief of the Magahins, ex∣pecting to be sole Ruler over the Indians, fell upon some that were Confederate with the English, which was proved upon him at Boston by one of his Fellows, called Uncas, for which he made War upon him at his Return; but Uncas taking him, cut of his Head by Advice of the English, An. 1643. from whence to 75. there was Peace on all Sides, till Sachem of Mount-Hope raised some Disturbances against the English. So that from first to last the English gave no Ground of Quarrel. In 1620. three Months after the first Plantation of Plimouth Colony, Mas∣sassoit, or the Chief Commander of that Side of the Country entred a League offensive and defensive with them, which he confirmed in 1630. a little before his Death, for himself and his Heirs, his two Sons Alexander and Philip being with him; he would fain have engaged them not to draw any of his Subjects from their Heathenism, but they would make no such Treaty with him; so that he hated the English for being Christians, which appearing more discernibly in his Son, it occasioned the rooting out of that Part of the Indians; so that Pastaconaway, the great Sachim or Sagamore of Merimack River, being sensible of the fatal Consequence of opposing rhe English, in his last Farewell to his Children and People, cautions them against it. But Alexander, Son to the Massassoit aforesaid, plotted against the English, whereupon a stout Gentleman was sent to bring him before the Council of Plimouth, who surpriz'd him and Eight more in a Hunting-house, at which he was so grieved that he fell into a Fever, and died. His Brother Philip, com∣monly called King Philip for his haughty Spirit, came in Per∣son in 1662. with Sausaman, his Chief Secretary, to renew the above-mentioned League, and for seven Years lived in good Cor∣respondence with the English; but in 1676. he plotted a Ge∣neral Insurrection against their Colonies, and caused Sausaman to be murthered for discovering it; for which the Murtherers being apprehended, were executed; and Philip took himself openly to Arms, destroying the English and their Habitations with the utmost Cruelty for two Years; till at last, being several times defeated, having lost his Wife, Son and Treasures, he was sur∣prized in his Den upon Mount-Hope, and shot through the Heart by one of his own Subjects that joined with the English. The Country is possessed by divers sorts of People judged to be Tar∣tars by Descent, and are divided into several Tribes, the Chur∣chers, Tarentines and Monhegans to the East and North-East, the Pequets and Maragansets to the South, Connecticuts and Mow∣hacks to the West, Matachusets, Wippanaps and Tarentines to the North; and the Poranets who live West of Plimouth. There was a great Mortality among them at the first Arrival of the English, so that the Matachusets from 30000 were reduced to 300. The Pequods were destroyed by the English, the Mowhacks are a∣bout 500, and speak a Dialect of the Tartars: They are Tall, well Limbed, pale and lean Visag'd, black Ey'd, have long, cur∣led black Hair, but no Beards; their Teeth are white, short and even, and they have generally flat Noses; their young Women are plump in Face and Body, of a soft and smooth Skin, and good Complexion, but that they dye themselves Tawny, and all of a modest Demeanour considering their savage Breeding. The Natives are inconstant, crafty and timorous, but very ingenious, quick of Apprehension, soon Angry, barbarously Cruel, prone to Revenge, Haters of Strangers, very Thievish, and all of them Cannibals; the Men keep two or three Wives according to their Ability or Strength of Body, and the Women have the easiest Labour of any in the World; when their Time is come, they go out alone, carrying a Board with them two Foot long, and a Foot and a half broad, bored full of Holes on each Side, ha∣ving a Foot beneath, and on the top a broad strap of Leather, which they put over their Fore-head, the Board hanging at their Back; when they come to a convenient Bush or Tree, they lay them down, and are delivered in an Instant, without one Groan, wrapping the Child in a young Beaver-skin, with his Heels close to his Buttocks, and laced down to the Board upon its Back; thus they trudge Home with the Child, and dye it in Liquour of Hemlock-bark; and if they suspect it begot by any other Nation, throw it into the Water; and if it swim, acknowledge it to be their own. They love English Names, as Robbin, Harry, Philip, and are very indulgent to their Children as well as Parents; but if they live so long as to be burthen∣some, they either starve, or bury them alive. Their Apparel was the Skin of Wild-beasts with the Hair on, Buskins of Deer-skin or Mouse drawn with yellow, blue or red Lines; but since the English came among them, they buy of them a Cloth called Trading-Cloth, with which they make Mantles, Caps and Coats. They deck themselves with white and blue Beads, paint their Faces with variety of Colours, and weave Coats of Turkey-feathers for their Children. They abound with Rivers, in which together with the Sea are taken abun∣dance of excellent Fish of all sorts. Nor are they worse pro∣vided with Fowl, wild and tame Beasts of all kinds. The most hurtfull things of this Country are rattle Snakes and stinging Flies. Here are also Oak, Cyprus, Pine, Cedar, and the ordinary sorts of Fruit-trees, as also Timber to build Ships, Furs, Flax, Lin∣en, Amber, Iron, Pitch, Tar, Cables, Masts, and several sorts of Grains wherewith they drive a considerable Trade to Barbado's and other English Plantations, whence they bring Sugars and other Commodities. They trade also with England for Wear∣ing-Apparel, Stuffs, Cloth, Iron, Brass, &c. Their Coins, Weights and Measures are the same with those of England, though they use Barter more than Money. The English in this Country are very powerfull, have many potent Colonies, and are Governed by Laws of their own making, assembling once a Month for making of new, abolishing old Laws, and de∣termining Cases. Each County elect their Officers annually, the Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the Hand of Independents and Presbyterians; and the Military Govern∣ment is by one Major-General, and three Serjeant-Majors. Boston is the Metropolis, a large Town, well built, commo∣diously seated, and hath a considerable Trade to Barbado's, the Caribbees, England and Ireland. It is also a Place of good strength, the adjoyning Hills being fortified and mounted with Cannon. They have several other remarkable Towns, as Charles-Town, Dorchester, Cambridge which hath two Colleges, New-Plimouth, Reading, Salem, and abundance of others seated on the Shore or Navigable Rivers, and having their Names from some Towns in England. In the late Revolution they declared for his present Majesty King William III. who hath confirmed their ancient Charter and Privileges, which were infringed in the late Reigns of Charles II. and James II.
• * Newent, a Market Town of Botlow Hundred in the ut∣most West Parts of Glocestershire.
• * New Forest is one of the chiefest Forests in England. It lies in the South-West Parts of Hampshire, and is about thirty Miles in Compass. A Forest which William the Conquerour so delighted to hunt in, that to make it compleat and intire, he caused many Towns and Villages, with no less than six and thirty Parish Churches to be pull'd down and levell'd with the Ground; which Exorbitance of his did not escape unpunish'd, for in this very Forest Richard his Second Son was gor'd by a 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉

• 〈1+ pages missing〉〈1+ pages missing〉mands the River. The Civil Government is like that of Eng∣land, and the Inhabitants are English and Dutch, who trade with the Indians for the Skins of Elks, Deer, Bears, Beaver, Otter, Racoons, and other rich Furs, and are supplied in the Summer by the Indians with Venison, Fish, and Fowl very cheap. The Natives are much like the Virginians, well-pro∣portioned, swarthy, black-haired, expert Archers, and live prin∣cipally by Hunting, Fowling, and Fishing, while their Wives manage the Husbandry. They feed on Fish, Fowl and Venison, Polcats, Turtles, Racoons, &c. They have small Tents which they move thrice a Year to their Planting, Hunting, and Fish∣ing Quarters, they are now reduced to a small number by ra∣ging Diseases and civil Broils; they are Courteous, of a ready Wit, Serviceable, and ready to be instructed by the English. Their Recreations are Football and Cards, at which they will play away all but a flap to cover their Nakedness; they care not for drink if they have not enough to be drunk, and if any of their Company happen to be so before he hath taken a Quart of Brandy, Rum, or Strong-waters, they pour the rest down his Throat: They often kill one another in their Cups, which the Friends of the Deceased revenge, except he purchase his pardon with Perriwinkle-shell black and white, strung like Beads, which is their Money. They worship the Devil, and about Michaelmas, when their Corn is ripe, they go a-hunting. When they assemble, if their Priest wants Money, he tells them, That no other Sacrifice will be acceptable, whereupon each gives according to his Ability, and the Priest setting it upon the top of their flat-roof'd-Houses, calls upon their God to take it, howling, beating the Ground and themselves with Sticks, till a Devil appears like a Man, Bird, or Beast, and then they dare not stir; mean time the Priest goes out, secures the Money, and returns to lay the Spirit, who is many times gone before he return and takes some of the Company with him; but if at such times any English come among them, it stops their proceedings, and they will desire him to absent, saying, their God will not come till he depart: They are much in∣clined to War with one another, fight no pitch'd Battles but secure their Wives and Children, waylay their Enemies, count it a great fight wherein seven or eight are slain, yet give no Quarter to any but Women and Children, whom they pre∣serve for breed. Their Cloathing is a Yard and half of broad Cloth which they hang on their Shoulders, and another piece put between their Legs which they tye with a Girdle and let it hang with a flap before and behind. They wear either a Snakes Skin, a Belt of Perriwinkle-Shell, or a Ruff of Deers-Hair died Red, which they esteem richest, about their Heads; they grease their Bodies and Hair, and paint their Faces. They marry thus, The Man gives so much Money to the Wo∣man, after which he keeps her during pleasure, turns her off on the least dislike, and takes another. It's reckon'd no offence to lie with another Man if she acquaint her Husband or some of her nearest Relations, but otherwise it's punishable by Death. They will not suffer Men to touch them when quick with Child or giving suck. They have two or three Wives or more, but of late imitate the English. It's neither reckoned scanda∣lous nor unlawful for their Maids to lie with whom they please for Money. They are very charitable to one another, and freely impart what they have to spare. They bury their dead upright upon a Seat, with his Gun, Money and Goods to furnish him in the other World, which they believe to be West-ward, where they have great store of Game, and live at ease. The Relations paint their Faces black, lament once or twice a Day at the Grave till the blackness wear off; and after that mourn a-fresh for him once a Year, trim up the Grave, fence it with a Hedge, cover it with Mats, and suffer no Grass to grow near it: The Name of the Dead must no more be mentioned, least it should renew the Grief of their Relations, and therefore all of the same name change it for another; and if the Name be a Word used in common Speech, they invent a new one, which makes the Language difficult to learn. When all other means fail to recover the Sick, they send for their Pawaw or Priest, who sitting down by them, without enquiring into the Distemper, expects a Fee, and works accordingly, calling some∣times on one God, sometimes on another, beating his naked Breasts till he sweat and be almost out of breath, and so with the remainder, breathing upon the Face of the sick Person, takes his leave. When their King, or Sachen, sits in Council, he is guarded by armed Men, and the People shew their re∣spect by Silence; then he declares the Cause of their Meeting, demands their Opinion, and appoints who shall begin; every one having leave to speak as long as he pleases without interru∣ption, till he tells them he has no more to say. The King gives the definitive Sentence, to which the People give their Assent by a Shout; and if any be condemned to die, which rarely hap∣pens, but for Murther and Incest, the King himself goes to seek him in the Wood (for Prisons, they have none) and when found, shoots at him, though at never so great a distance, and then happy is he who can shoot him down, for he is certainly made a Captain or Military Officer in Reward. Hudson's River runs by New-York Northward, towards the Head of which is New-Albany, which has a great Trade with the Natives. Be∣twixt it and New-York, being 100 Miles, is as good Corn ground as any in the World. And was subdued to the Crown of England by Col. Nichols, who concluded a League betwixt the Inhabitants and Indians.
• * New-Zeland, a large Country of South America or Antar∣tickland, discovered by the Hollanders in 1642. It lies South of the Pacifick Sea, and far East of New-Guiny and Solomon's Island. It's not yet known whether it be an Island or Continent, there being no European Colony setled there. Baudr.
• * New-Zemble, a large Country of Europe, almost joy∣ning Northern Muscovy, from which it's parted by Vaits-Streight, called also the Streight of Nassaw. This Country is generally thought to be an Island, though modern Writers, from the Relations of Mariners, rather suppose it a part of Great Tartary, to which they believe it joins on the East. In 1553. Sir Hugh Willoughby discovered Cape-Zemble, but he and all his Company were frozen to Death in Lapland. In 1596. some Dutch being shipwrack'd built themselves a Hut, and winter'd in it, but saw no Sun for two Months and twenty days, and next year they returned to Lapland in a Boat. No Inhabitants were ever discovered in this Country, though Finmark in the same Parallel is inhabited.
• * Neyland, a Market Town of Babergh Hundred, in the East parts of Suffolk, upon the Borders of Essex. 'Tis watered by the Stowre, and has a Bridge over it.

• Nicander, a Greek Author, was not onely a Grammarian, but also a Poet and Physician. He lived about the CXXXIVth. Olym∣piad, and in the 512 of Rome. He writ divers Works which are frequently quoted by the Ancients, whereof we have onely left his Theriaca and Alexipharmaca. Also another of the same Name of Alexandria, and an Historian, who wrote a Treatise of the Disciples of Aristotle. Also a third Person of the same Name, who was an Historian of Chalcedonia quoted by Athe∣naeus, lib. 11.
• Nicanor, General of the Army of Demetrius Soter, King of the Syrians, who made himself Famous by his Valour and En∣terprizes: He was sent into Judaea to assist Alcimus, but with∣out the desired Success. In a second Expedition sometime after, he vow'd to ruine the Temple and City of Jerusalem, but Ju∣das Macchabaeus with 3000 Men onely engaged, and killed him, with 35000 of his Men. This happened A M. 3893. in the CLIV. Olympiad, and 592 or 3 of Rome. I Macchab. ch. 7. and II. ch. 14, 15. Joseph.
• Nicanor, born in the Isle of Cyprus, was one of the seven Deacons chosen by the Apostles, mentioned Acts 6. Historians tell us that he preached the Gospel in his own Country, and di∣ed a Martyr there. Baron. in Annal. & Mart. There have been many Greek Authors of this Name.
• Nicaragua, a Province of New-Spain, belonging to the Go∣vernment or Lieutenancy of Guatimala; is a Country very fruit∣full in Maiz, but wants Corn. It abounds with excellent Pa∣stures and Cattle, but hath no Sheep. There is also great store of Cotton, and the Woods are full of great Trees, whereof some are of that Bigness, that fifteen Men joining their hands together cannot compass the Trunk or Body of them. Almost all the Savages of this Country can speak Spanish, and are very skilfull and ingenious Artists. The Lake of Nicaragua is very considerable for its largeness, as being above 130 Leagues in Compass; it breeds a vast number of Fish, and Plenty of Croco∣diles, and ebbs and flows like the Sea. The Capital City of this Province is called Leon of Nicaragua, stands upon the Shoar of the great Luke, and is the residence of the Governour and other Officers of the King of Spain, and is also a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Mexico. About three Leagues from this City, is a Vulcano, or burning Mountain, which every E∣vening and Morning sends forth a thick Smoak, and casts up a prodigious quantity of burnt Stones. The second City of this Province is Grenada, 16 Leagues from Leon. About 7 Leagues from Grenada is another Vulcano, the Top whereof, notwith∣standing the Fire and Smoak it casts forth at times, is covered with fruit-bearing Trees. Laet's History of the New-World.
• Nicaria, of old called Icaria, is an Island in the Archipelago, which hath the Island Samos on the East, Naxia on the West, Chio on the North, and the Island Patmos on the South. Its Circuit is not above 40 Miles, and is much longer than broad, and was therefore by the Greeks called Macris, or the long Island. It is called Icaria, because the Poets suppose that Icarus, the Son of Daedalus, was drown'd hereabouts. The Soil of the Island is very good, but the Inhabitants are somewhat careless in cultivating the same, because of the frequent Incursions of Pirates. On the East Coast of the Isle is a very high Tower, which they make use of for a Light-house, to prevent Mariners from run∣ning upon the dangerous Rocks which are between this Isle and Samos. It is about 200 years ago that the Turks took it, to∣gether with the Isle of Chio, from Justinian of Genoa, and is now under the Governour of Gallipoli. It formerly had a City of the same Name which was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Rhodes. Becman's Histor. Insul. cap. 5.
• Nicasius de Voerda of Mechelen, was in great repute in the XV. Century. Notwithstanding that he was blind from the third year of his Age, yet by his Industry he attained great Knowledge in the most profound Sciences. He was Doctor of Lovain, and writ several Works. He was made Priest by a speci∣al privilege from Rome, preach'd and heard Confession's. He di∣ed in 1491. Trithemius. Valerius Andreas.
• Nicastro, Lat. Nicastrum, a City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the further Calabria, with a Bishop's See, under the Arch∣bishop of Reggio. It is but a little City, at the Foot of Mount Appennine, 5 or 6 Miles from the Sea.

• Nicaulis, Q. of Egypt and Aethiopia. Josephus supposeth her to have been the Q. of Sheba, called also Makeda, that came to visit Solomon, A. M. 3046. But it is difficult to say any thing positive on this Subject. Some Authors are of opinion that she came out of Arabia foelix, others that it was from that part of Aethiopia that lies beyond the Red-sea. However, when she had seen that Prince's Magnificence, observed his Wisdom and Penetration into the most secret things of Nature, the Order and Oeconomy of his House, and the Number of his Officers; she acquainted him how much she admired it, adding that she held them happy that had the advantage of living with him. Then she presented him with 120 Talents of Gold, with Pearls of inestimable Value and a great quantity of Perfumes, and ac∣knowledging that he deserved to be considered as the Wonder of his Age, she returned home highly satisfied with what she had seen and heard; and laden with more valuable Presents than she had brought with her. Baronius. Torniel. Origen. Abu∣lensis.
• Nice, Lat. Nicia, a City of Provence, with the Title of an Earldom and Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Ambrun, was built by those of Marseilles, and probably took its Name from some Victory they obtained against the Ligurians. The City at present is great, splendid and populous, seated upon the Shoar of the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alpes, with a capacious Haven, and one of the strongest Castles in Europe, be∣tween the River Var and Villa Franca, and 7. m. from Monaco to the West. This City was under the Earls of Provence till 1365, when Queen Joan left it to Lewis II. Duke of Savoy, with the County belonging to it, and has ever since been subject to that Family, till the Year 1691, when it was taken by the French King. The Amphitheatre that is still to be seen here, with the Inscriptions and other Roman Monuments are abundant Te∣stimonies of the Antiquity of this City. Nice was taken by Fran∣cis of France, and by the Turks under Barberousse, who appear'd before it with 200 Sail, the 20 of August, 1543. but neither of them was able to take the Castle. The County of this Name is divided into the Vicariate of Nice, Barcelonne, Sospello, Puerin, and into the Counties of Bueil and Tende. It hath a Cathedral, three Parishes, 1 College, and diverse Religious Houses. Long. 30. 20. Petrus Jofredus hath writ the History of it.
• Nice, or Nizza della Paglia, a City of Italy in Montferrat, be∣tween Ast and Aqui, which suffered much during the Wars of Italy.
• Nice, Lat. Nicaea, a City of Bithynia in Asia minor, an Arch∣bishop's See, and formerly Metropolis of Bithynia, of old cal∣led Antigonia, from its Founder Antigonus, the Son of Philip; as also Olbia and Ancore; and named Nicaea by Lysimachus, in honour of his Wife; but is now called Isnich, Nichor and Nichea. This City is famous for the first General Council held here by Constantine the Great in 325, against the Arians, which had 318 Bishops in it. There was another designed here in 359 for the Promoting of Arianism, but was disappointed by an Earthquake. There was a second General Council here in 787 called by the Empress Irene, consisting of 350 Bishops, where Image-worship was approved, which Charles the Great censured in a Council conven'd by him at Franckford in 794. It stands 44 m. from Nico∣media to the N. and 25 from Prusia to the West. It was taken by Godfrey of Bulloigne in his way to Jerusalem, An. 1097. and re∣stor'd to the Greek Emperour. Solyman Cutlimust, at that time Governour, rebelled against the Sultan, and called himself King. In 1329 it was besieged by the Sultan Orchanes II. of the Orto∣man Line; and Andronicus the Greek Emperour coming to re∣lieve it, was wounded and forc'd to retire, yet the Turks took it not untill next year, and that by a Stratagem. The Town stands partly on the descent of a Hill, and partly on a Plain. The Ha∣ven consists of two Moles built of Free-stone, and three great Inclosures encompassed with Walls, where they lay up their Timber for Houses and Shiping. The adjacent Country is plea∣sant and fruitfull and abounds with Wine and rare Fruit, which induc'd Sultan Amurath to build a Seraglio in the highest place of the Town, where there is a delicate prospect both by Sea and Land; the greatest Trade is in Timber and Corn; and it's but eight hours fail from Constantinople with a fair Wind. There was another Town of this Name in Macedonia, former∣ly a Bishop's See, and very large, but now reduced to a small Village inhabited by Turks and Bulgarians: it stands 34 Miles from Heraclea; in Long. 57. 30. Lat. 42. 25. Stephan. de Ur∣bibus. St. Athanasius. Baronius in Annal.
• Nicephorus I. of that Name, Emperour of Constantinople, surnamed Logotheta, was Treasurer and Chancellor to the Em∣peror Leo IV. but in 802. took possession of the Throne, having banish'd the Empress Irene to the Island Mitylene or Lesbos. He was a zealous Hater of Images, and a great Defender of the Li∣berties of the Greek Church against the Encroachments of the Church of Rome. He put Bardanes his Competitor into a Mo∣nastery, and came to an Agreement with Charles the Great, a∣bout the Limits of their respective Dominions; declared his Son Stauratius, Augustus, and gave a great Defeat to the Bulgarians, whose King, Crunnus, was forc'd to beg a Peace at his hands; which the Emperor refusing, the Bulgarians, made desperate thereby, set upon his Army in the night time, defeated it, and kill'd him, with all his Nobility, A. C. 811. whose Skull, plated over with Silver, Crunnus after made use of for a Cup to dr••nk in; his Son Stauratius, being dangerously wounded, hard∣ly escaping. Michael Curopalates, his Son-in-law, succeeded him Theophanes. Cedrenus. Zonar. in Annal. Graec.
• Nicephorus II. surnamed Phocas, was Commander of the Armies of Romanus the Younger, and by the Soldiers put into his place, because that Emperor's Sons were too young to go∣vern. He was crown'd by the Patriarch Polyeuctes the 16 of August, 963, and married Theophania the Emperor's Widow. This Emperor was famous for his Victories obtain'd before and after he came to the Crown, for he drove the Saracens out of Syria, Cilicia, and the Isle of Cyprus, and took from them the Cities of Antioch and Tripoli. But his extraordinary Covetous∣ness stained all his brave Actions, and put him upon oppressing his Subjects by horrid Extortions. And some say of him, That to reward his Soldiers, he suffered them to plunder Churches. Thus being become hatefull to all, John Zimisces, the Empress Theophania's Gallant, murthered him in his Palace, the 11th of Decem. 969. Curopalates. Cedrenus in Annal.
• Nicephorus III. surnamed Botoniates, being Commander of the Troops of the Empire in Asia, became very considerable, and being assisted by the Turks, made himself Master of Con∣stantinople, and was declared Emperor the 25th of March, 1078; and having banished Michael Paripanaces, with his Wife and Son Constantine, into a Monastery, reign'd from the 7th of April, till the end of March, 1081, when he was forc'd to change the Imperial Purple for a Monk's Habit, quitting the Throne to Alex. Comnenus. Zonaras. Cedrenus, &c.
• * Nicephorus I. of that Name, Patriarch of Constantinople, suc∣ceeded Tarasius in 806, was the Son of Theodorus who had been Secretary to the Emperours of the East, which Office himself also discharged for some time, but being weary of a Court life, retired to a Monastery, whence the Emperour Nicephorus sent for him to be Patriarch; some time after the Emperour Leo the Armenian banished him to a Monastery on the farther side of the Streights of Constantinople, for his being a zealous Defender of Images, where he died at the Age of 70 or 71, in 828, after having lived 14 years in exile. We have a Treatise of his cal∣led Historiae Breviarium, from the Death of the Emperour Mau∣rice to Leo IV. which was published by Petavius in 1616, and afterwards joyn'd to the Historia Byzantina in 1648. He writ also a Book entitled, Chronologia Tripartita, published by Joseph Scaliger, and others.
• Nicephorus Chartophylax, who 'tis thought lived about the year 800. We have some of his Works translated into Latin in the Bibliotheca Patrum, and in the Collection of Jus Graeco-Ro∣manum. Cave's Chartophylax.
• Nicephorus, a Macedonian, the Author of a Greek Book en∣titled, Commentarii de rebus Byzantinis, which Fra. Possinus pub∣lished at Paris, 1661. with Notes, and Du Cange hath also pub∣lished some Observations upon this Author in 1670. at the end of Cinnamus. He died in 1137. Cave's Chartoph.
• Nicephorus, surnamed Callistus, (because he was Son of Cal∣listus) and Xantopulus, was a Greek Historian who lived in the XIVth. Century, under the Empire of Andronicus Palcologus the elder, and Michael Andronicus the younger, and composed an Ecclesiastical History in XXIII. Books, whereof we have onely XVIII. left, which contain an account of what pass'd from the Birth of Christ to the Death of the Emperour Phocas in 610, which was translated into Latin by Joan. Langius, and whereof we have several Editions, that of 1630 at Paris being counted the best. Vossius. Possevin.
• Nicephorus (Gregoras) a Greek Historian, who flourished in the XIVth. Century and writ an History in XI Books, containing the Passages from A. C. 1204. when Constantinople was taken by the French, to the Death of Andronicus Paleologus the younger, in 1341. We have this History, with the Latin Translation of Je∣rom Wolfius, printed at Basil, in 1562, and at Geneva, in 1615. This same Nicephorus interpreted a Piece of Synesius de Insomniis, which Turnebus published in 1552. Dr Cave in his Hist. Liter. adds, that he was commmanded to Silence by the Patriarch Callistratus upon pain of Excommunication, which Sentence he despised, and retiring into a Monastery dispers'd a Writing in which he accus'd the Emperor and Patriarch of the Injury he pretended was done him; the Greek Church of corrupt and false Doctrine; the Monks in general of Laziness, Luxury and Heresie; where∣upon he was commanded by the Emperour Cantacuzenus to re∣main in that Monastery, and forbidden all Company and Books. In 1355. Cantacuzenus having abdicated the Empire, called a Council to examine Theological Controversies and the Imputa∣tions of Gregoras, whither being sent for, he was convicted of his Lyes and Calumnies. How long he lived after this is uncer∣tain.
• Nicetas I. of that Name, Patriarch of Constantinople, was a Sclavonian, an Eunuch, and a great Enemy of Image-worship, which endeared him to the Emperour Constantinus Copronymus, who preferred him to the See of Constantinople, in 766. in which place he continued to his Death in 780. Curopalat. Cedrenus in Compend. Baron. in Annal.
• Nicetas (Acominatus surnam'd Choniates) a Greek Historian who lived in the XIIIth. Century. He had had considerable Offices in the Court of the Emperours of Constantinople, and when that City was taken by the French in 1204. he retired with a young wo∣man he had taken from the Enemies, to Nicca in Bithynia, where he married her, and spent the rest of his days. He writ an Hi∣story or Annals from the Death of Alexis Comnenus in 1118, to that

• of Baldwin in 1205. This work having been translated by Hi∣erom Wolfius, hath been added to the Body of the Byzantine History of the Louvre Impression. Petrus Morellus of Tours, in the XVIth. Century translated the first V. Books of the Treasure of the Orthodox Faith, attributed to this Nicetas, which were printed at Paris in 1580, and have been since added to the twelfth Vo∣lume of the Bibliotheca Patrum. There are also some other frag∣ments of this Author. Hierom Wolfius in Praefat. Possevin. in Appar. Bellarm. de Script. Eccl. Vossius de Histor. Graec. Leo Al∣latius de Nicetis.
• Nicetas, a Monk of Constantinople, who lived about 1120, and writ in Defence of the Council of Chalcedon against the Prince of Armenia. Also another of the same Name, surna∣med Pectoratus, who lived about the midst of the eleventh Cen∣tury, and writ a Treatise of Unleavened Bread against the Latins. Also Nicetas, surnamed Seidus, who 'tis supposed lived at the beginning of the tenth Century, and writ several Treatises a∣gainst the Latins. Allatius. Cave.
• Nicias, an Athenian Captain, and the Son of Niceratus, whom his Vertue and Riches had made very considerable in his Coun∣try. His vertue raised him to many high Warlike Offices, for he was General of their Forces by Sea, and obtained several famous Victories over his Country's Enemies. He persuaded the Athe∣nians to conclude a Truce of 50 years with the Lacedaemoni∣ans. Afterwards, when the War of Sicily was resolved upon, he was chosen to be one of the Commanders in Chief of that Expedition; but they of Syracusa, having beaten the Athenian Fleet, he and Demosthenes the General of it were put to Death in the XCIst. Olymp. and 441st. of Rome. Thucyd. Diod. Sic. Plutar.
• Nicias of Nicea. He writ the Lives of the Philosophers and some other Treatises, quoted by Athenaeus. Aelian makes men∣tion of a Painter of the same Name, and Plutarch of a Greek Author. Also a famous Athenian Painter, whose Excellency consisted in drawing Women to the Life. He made a Picture wherein he had represented Hell in the same manner as Homer describes it, for which he refused 60 Talents, as having more mind to make a Present of it to his Country, than to enrich himself by it. Felibien. vit. Peint.
• Nicocles, King of Salamine in the Isle of Cyprus, Son of Eva∣goras IId. received the Crown and Title of the King of Paphos from the hands of Ochus, King of Persia. After the Death of Nicocreon, Son of Protagoras, he got again into the Throne of Salamine, by the Protection of Ptolomaeus Lagus, but having quitted his Benefactor, to side with Antigonus, he was accused of Perfidiousness, which so afflicted him that it made him hang himself; his Wife seeing this horrid Spectacle, kill'd her Sons and Daughters, and afterwards stabb'd herself; and Pythagoras and Protagoras, who were the onely Remains of Teucer's Poste∣rity, concluded this direfull Tragedy by setting Fire to the Pa∣lace, and cast themselves into the midst of it. Diodorus, lib. 20. Also a Comical Greek Poet who lived at the same time with A∣ristophanes, in the XCVIth. Olympiad, and 366 of Rome. Causab. Animad. in Athenaeum.
• Nicocrates, a Tyrant of Cyrene in Libya, was a very cruel Prince. He put to death Phaedimus, to marry his Wife Aretaphi∣le, with whom he was fallen in Love. He murthered Menelip∣pus, High-priest of the Temple of Apollo, and took upon himself the Priesthood. His unheard-of Cruelties made his Wife desire to be rid of him; for which end she prepared a poisonous Draught, but that failing, she got Prince Leander to dispatch him.
• Nicodemus, a Pharisee, and Senator of the Jewish Sanhedrin, who came and discoursed our Saviour by night: See John, ch. 3. who also took care of our Saviour's Burial, John, chap. 19. We have a Book called The Gospel of Nicodemus, which is suppo∣sititious.
• Nicolai (Laurentius) a Jesuit born in Norway, who was sent from Rome to Sweden in 1577, to be subservient to Queen Catha∣rine, the Wife of King John IIId. for the restoring the Roman Religion in that Kingdom; to which end he made Profession of Lutheranism, and had a Divinity Professor's Place bestowed upon him at Stockholm; having this opportunity put into his hands, he in his publick Lectures made it his business to under∣mine the Foundations of Lutheranism, which when the Princi∣pal of the College and the Curate of the Town perceived, they opposed him therein, but were put out of their Places, and Nicolai made a Principal; but two years after, when the King was informed of the Truth of the Matter, he banished Nicolai, and restor'd his Adversaries to their Places. Maimbourg's History of Lutheranism.
• Nicolaitans, Hereticks who are supposed to have risen in the Church during the time of the Apostles, and are taken to be the Fathers of the Gnosticks. Some of the Fathers affirm that Ni∣colas, one of the seven first Deacons was Founder of this Sect; that being blam'd by the Apostles for keeping company with his Wife whom he had left before to live in Continence, he inven∣ted this brutal Error to excuse his Proceeding, and taught that Impurity was a necessary means to attain eternal Bliss. Others say that the Apostles reproaching him with being jealous of his Wife, who was very handsome, he sent for her, and in a great Assembly gave her leave to marry whom she pleas'd; upon which some Libertines formed a Heresie, and unjustly called it by his Name. They denyed Christ's Divinity by an Hypostatical Union, saying, the Divine inhabited, but was not united to the Humane Nature. They held, That all Pleasures were good, and that it was lawfull to eat the Meats offered to Idols. Becoming too known by this Name, they took that of the Gnosticks, and divided themselves into other Sects, called Phibionites, Stra∣tioticks, Leviticks and Borborites. Baronius, A. C. 68. Godeau. Clemen. Alexandrin. St. Iren.
• Nicolas I. Pope surnamed The Great, was a Roman, and suc∣ceeded Benedict. IIId. the 24th. of April, 858. He boldly with∣stood the Emperor Michael III. who had deposed Ignatius, Patri∣arch of Constantinople, and put Photius into his place; and being informed that Photius had a design to out him, he struck him with an Anathema. He excommunicated also John, Archbishop of Ravenna, but afterwards restored him. He was a strenuous Assertor and Promoter of the Celibacy of Priests; but was therein vigorously opposed by Huldericus, Bishop of Augsburg, so that notwithstanding the Pope's endeavours, the Priests had liberty of Matrimony allow'd them for 200 years after. He was a zealous Maintainer of the Pontifical Authority, and writ a vast number of Epistles. And died 867. See M. Chemnit. in Exa∣mine de Coelibatu. Platin. Anast. Biblioth. Onuphr. Ciacon. Hinc∣mar. Rhemens. Possevin.
• Nicolas II. called Gerard the Burgundian, a Frenchman, or as others a Savoyard, succeeded Stephen IX. in 1059, and at the same time the Count of Frescati set up Johan. Nincius, Bishop of Velitri, who took upon him the Name of Benedict X; but Ni∣colas condemn'd him in a Council held at Sutri, whereupon Be∣nedict was fain to submit himself. He also celebrated a Coun∣cil, wherein he oblig'd Berengarius to recant. He died 1061, after having govern'd the Church two years and 6 months. Baron.
• Nicolas III. of the Family of the Ursini, called Johan. Caje∣tan. succeeded to John XXI. the See having been vacant six months and four days; he was chosen at Viterbo, the 25th. of Nomveb. 1277; he was Learned and a Favourer of Learning, and was of such a prudent behaviour, that before his coming to the Papacy he was commonly called Cardinalis Compositus, The Composed or Grave Cardinal. Many Popish Writers accuse this Pope of having been too forward in promoting and enriching his Relations; and for his unjust persecuting of Charles of Anjou, King of Sicily, and of having been the Author of the Massacre of the French in Sicily, called the Sicilian Vespers, tho' he died two years before it was executed, of an Apoplexy at Sutri, the 22d. of August, 1280. Platina. Du Chesne. Bzovius & Raynald. in Annal. Ludovic. Jacob. Biblioth. Pontific.
• Nicolas IV. a Franciscan, called Hieronymus, born at Ascalon, succeeded Honorius IV. A. C. 1288, after XI months vacancy of the See. He appeased the Dissensions at Rome, reconciled the Kings of Sicily and Arragon, took care for the Conversion of the Tartars, and the Inhabitants of Dalmatia, and did his best en∣deavours for recovery of the Holy-land. He died in 1292. Commen∣taries upon the Scripture, and on the Master of the Sentences, Sermons, and other Treatises are attributed to him. Du Chesne in his Life. Bzovius. Spondan. & Raynald. in Annal. Eccles.
• Nicolas V. before called Thomas, was chosen after Eugenius IV. the sixth of March, 1447, and crowned the ninteenth of the same month. He made the Anti-pope Felix V. to renounce all his Pretensions to the Papacy. He celebrated a Jubilee in 1450, and crowned the Emperor Frederick IVth. with his Wife Eleonora of Portugal; but being sorely troubled with a Conspiracy for∣med against him and the Cardinals by Stephanus Porcarius, and the News of the taking of Constantinople, he fell sick, and died 1455. He was a great Restorer and Favourer of Learning. He augmented the Vatican with 3000 Books, and made it his bu∣siness, with incredible Charges, to collect a vast number of Greek and Latin Manuscripts. He was very liberal and magnifi∣cent to the Greeks, to Gentlemen fallen to decay, poor Maids, and especially to learned Men, whom he sent for from all parts to his Court. He w••s also very magnificent in his publick Buil∣dings. He is highly commended by several Authors. Antonin. Aeneas Sylvius. Platina. Spondan. Raynald. Possevin. Du Chesne.
• Nicolas I. surnamed Mysticus, which is a Name of dignity, Patriarch of Constantinople, succeeded Antonius in 890. He go∣verned the Church with much Sincerity. The Emperor Leo VI. deposed him in 901, because he would not approve of the fourth Marriage of that Prince with Zoe; but Alexander resto∣red him again in 911, and made him Tutor to Constantinus Por∣phyrogenetus. He sent Legates to Pope John X. for the Union of the Greek and Latin Church. He died in 930. Curopalat. in Compend. Histor. Baron. in Annal.
• Nicolas II. surnamed Chrysoberges, was the Successor of An∣tonius Studita, in 981, and with great Sweetness governed the Church till 995. Curopalat. & Baron.
• Nicolas III. surnamed Grammaticus, a Person highly estee∣med amongst the Greeks, succeeded Eustathius in 1089. He died in 1117. Zonar. in Annal. Baron. in Annal.
• St. Nicolas, Bishop of Mira in Lycia, who according to the Greek and Roman Legendaries lived at the beginning of the IVth. Century. He was taken during the Persecution of Lici∣nius, and sent into Banishment; after the Death of that Ty∣rant he visited his Diocess, and destroyed all the Idol-Temples he found in it. It is said that he assisted at the General Council of Nice, where he strongly opposed Arius. Metaphrast. & Su∣rius. Baron. in Annal. & Martyr. Godeau Hist. Eccles.

• Nicolas-Stur, the Son, as 'twas said, of Steno-Stur, King of Sweden, and of Christina, was proclaimed King by the People of Dalecarlia, after the Death of Steno, who had been killed in a Battle against the Danes in 1520. But Christina who was re∣solved to marry Gustavus, persuaded the People that she had ne∣ver a Son, and that Nicolas-Stur was an Impostor, whereupon he was forced to make his Escape to Norway, and from thence to Rostock, where Gustavus caused him to be seized, and tried, and upon many Informations brought in against him from Sweden, he was condemned to be beheaded. Varillas.
• * Nicolas the Hermit, commonly called Brother Clauss, a Swisser, who being Father of five Sons, and as many Daughters, retired into a Wilderness in the Valley of Melchtal in 1481, where he lived 21 years in Meditation and Prayers, eating no∣thing but Roots, thinly cloathed, and always went bare-foot, and without either Hat or Cap; exhorting all that visited him to Penance and a Contempt of the World; wishing them ne∣ver to be dejected at the Vicissitudes of Fortune: He foretold a great many things, and said, his Country if united in it self, would always flourish and prove invincible, especially if the Inhabitants did give over their foreign Alliances, and yearly Pensions, and furnishing Princes with mercenary Troops, and did apply them to cultivate their Land at Home. Tempted by the Bishop of Constance, he eat some Meat, which much preju∣diced his Health. He kept nothing in his little Cell but two Stools on which he used to rest himself sometimes. His usual Prayer was, Domine, Rape me mihi, & redde me totum tibi: Lord, Deliver me from my self, and take me wholly to you. He died in 1502. Hoffman.
• Nicolaus de Cusa, or Cusanus, was of great esteem in the fifteenth Century; he took his Name de Cusa from a small Vil∣lage on the Mosell, in the Diocess of Trier. He was a Person of extraordinary Learning and Parts, and more particularly excel∣led in Law and Divinity, tho' withall a most abstruse Philoso∣pher. He was made Cardinal and Bishop of Brixia by Nicolas the Fifth. In 1451 he was sent Legate into Germany to preach the Croisade, but without success. He died at Todi, a City of Umbria, in 1464, in the 63d. year of his Age. He founded the Hospital of St. Nicolas near Cusa the Place of his Birth, and furnished it with a most noble and ample Library of Greek and Latin Authors. He left many excellent Works which were Printed in three Volumes at Basil, 1565. Onuphr. Platina, Ciacon. Trithem. & Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. Spondan. & Raynald. in Annal. Possevin. in Apparat. Sixtus Senens. Biblioth. Sacra.
• Nicolaus Damascenus was a Person highly esteemed amongst the Learned Men of his Age. He lived in the time of Augustus, and was in great favour with that Emperor, and Herod the Great, King of the Jews. He was a Peripatetick Philosopher, Poet and Historian, and writ the History of Assyria, whereof we have only some Fragments left, with many other conside∣rable Pieces. Henry of Valois hath published at Paris, in Greek and Latin, the Collection which Constantinus Porphyrogennetus had made of the Works of this Author.
• Nicolaus de Lyra, or Lyranus. His Surname was given him from his native Place Lyre, a Country Town in Normandy, and the Diocese of Evreux. He was born of Jewish Parents, but having got himself baptized, he enter'd the Order of St. Francis, in the Monastery of Verneuil, and afterwards was sent to Paris, where he taught many years with esteem and applause. He died in 1349, or as others say, in 1340. He hath left behind him of his Writing, Postils upon the whole Bible, A Treatise of the Body of Jesus Christ against the Jews, Commentaries upon the Master of the Sentences, Of the Beatifick Vision, Sermons, &c. Trithem. & Bel∣larm. de Script. Eccles. Henry Vill••t. in Athen. Franc. Luc. Wa∣dinge in Bibl. & Annal. min. Val. Andr. Bibl. Belg.
• Nicomachus, a Greek Historian, who lived in the time of the Emperour Aurelianus, in the IIId. Century, and is supposed to be the same that writ the Life of Apollonius Tyanaeus. Voss. lib. 2. de Hist. Graec. Also Nicomachus the Father of Aristotle, who had a Son of the same Name, to whom he dedicated his Ethicks.
• Nicomedes, King of Bithynia, who was driven from his Dominions by Mithridates, but restored again to them by the Romans, and dying about 679 of Rome, he left the Romans Heir of his Estates. Veller. Paterc. Tit. Liv. Flor. Polyb.
• Nicomedes II. surnamed Epiphanes, the fifth King of Bithy∣nia, was sent to Rome, and recommended to the Senate by his Father Prusias, but having afterward gained the favour of the Senate and of the Bithynians, he conceived a mortal hatred against his Father, seized his Throne and caused him to be put to Death. He built Apamea in honour of his Mother, and at last was killed by his own Son, Nicomedes III. by a just effect of the Divine Retaliation. Appion. de Bello Mithrid.
• Nicomedia, a Capital City of Bithynia, in the lesser Asia, was in ancient times one of the most important and conside∣rable Cities of the East. It was built by one of the Nicomedes, Kings of Bithynia, who put his Name upon it; and being sub∣dued by the Romans, became the Seat of the Empire, under di∣vers Emperors, A. C. 358. It was wholly destroyed by an Earthquake at the time when the Emperor Constantius was a∣bout to hold an Arian Council there. At present this City is called Comidia, and by the Turks Ismid, and is situate near the Coast of the Sea of Marmora, at the bottom of a Gulf to which it gives its Name, upon the side of a little Hill full of Fountains, and Laden with Vines, Corn, and abundance of Fruit-trees. In the City are found a multitude of Greek and Latin Inscrip∣tions, as also many Mosques and Greek Churches of a magni∣ficent Structure. It is inhabited by about 30000 Greeks, Ar∣menians, Jews and Turks, who drive a Trade with Silks, Cottons, woollen and linen Cloth, and other Merchandises. It was to this Place Hannibal retired after his Defeat, and where he poi∣soned himself, for fear of being delivered to the Romans by Prusias, King of Bithynia. It was one of the first Cities that embrac'd the Christian Faith. Most of the Ships, Saicks and Barks used by the Merchants of Constantinople are built in the Gulf of Nicomedia. On the West of this City is a Mineral Fountain to which the Greeks and Turks repair in great Num∣bers, and according to their report there is scarcely any Dis∣ease which is not cured by it. Grelot Voyage of Constantinople.
• Nicon, or Conqueror, the Name of an Ass, whose Story take as follows. The Morning before the Sea-fight at Actium, Au∣gustus being gone abroad to take a View of his Fleet, met a Man upon an Ass, and having demanded of him who he was, answered, that his Name was Eutychus, that is, Fortunate; and his Ass, Nicon, that is, Conqueror, whence Augustus took a good Omen for the Undertaking he was going about. And after his Victory he caused a Brazen Statue of a Man sitting upon an Ass to be plac'd for a Trophy near the Place of that Victo∣ry. Plutarch. in Vita Augusti.
• Nicon, a famous Wrestler, who having been Conquerour very often in the Plays of Greece had a Statue erected to him in Tasso an Island of the Archipelago. After his Death a certain fellow that envyed his Fame whipt the Statue, which happened to fall, and kill'd him, and being thereupon arraigned, was by Draco the Athenian's Laws, who ordered even inanimate things to be punished, condemned to Banishment, and cast into the Sea. But some years after, the Inhabitants of the Island ly∣ing under a Disaster, consulted the Oracle, which told 'em, that to be rid of what they labour'd under, They should seek and re-place Nicon's Statue. Suidas.
• Nicoping, a Town of Denmark in the Isle of Falstrea, over against Laland, 11 m. S. of Copenhagen. It's a very neat, but small Town.
• Nicoping, Lat. Nicopia, a City of Sudermania, a Province of the Kingdom of Sweden, near the Baltick Sea, 13 m. North of Stockholm, 7 m. South-east of Norway, and hath a Castle, where Charles, Duke of Sudermania, was a long time kept Prisoner before he was advanced to the Crown of Sweden.
• Nicopolis, the Capital of Mysia, which some call Nigeboli and the Turks, Sciltaro. Ammianus Marcellinus tells us this City was built by Trajan the Emperor, after his Conquest of Decebalus, King of Dacia. Also a City of Bulgaria upon the Danube, near Walachia, where the Christians were beaten by the Turks, in the time of Sigismond, King of Hungary, in 1396. Also a City of Epirus, called Prevesa, which was built near the Place where Augustus obtained a Victory over Mark Anthony in 723 of Rome.
• Nicopolis, called also Gianich, and Chiorme, an Episcopal Ci∣ty of Armenia, under the Metropolis of Sebaste. Also an Epi∣scopal City of Judaea, and is the same with Emmaus. See Em∣maus.
• Nicosia, the Capital City of the Isle of Cyprus, with an Archbishop's See. Some Authors say its ancient Name was Thre∣mithum. It was taken by the Turks in September, 1570, after a Siege of 42 days. This Town is 3 Miles in Compass, and stands in a fruitfull and well watered Plain. The Gentry of the Country all live here; yet it is not very populous, a great part of the Ground within the Walls being taken up with fine Gardens, which with the well pav'd Streets renders this one of the pleasantest Places in the whole Country, but far short of the Strength of Famagusta, whose Walls are cut out of the main Rock. The Greeks have four Churches, the Franks two, and the Armenians one in this City. The Turks demolished the noble Buildings left here by the Venetians, in hopes of finding Treasure. When the Turks took it they shipp'd off 250 Field-pieces, with a rich Booty, and many Captives, one of which being a Woman, blew the Ship and all up. It was formerly 9 miles in Compass, but the Venetians reduced it to 3, and made it one of the strongest and most beautifull Fortresses in the World. The Air is temperate, the Soil fruitfull, and a∣bounds with Dates and Pomegranates. It's 20 m. East of Sali∣na, seated at the Foot of a Hill in a great Plain. Hackluit.
• Nicostratus, an Orator mentioned by Suidas; also a Sophi∣ster of Trebizonde, who lived under the Empire of Claudius and Valerian, in the Third Century. He writ the History of the Philips, Gordianus, Decius, and of some others. Evagr. Voss. de Histor. Graecis.
• Nicot (John) of Nismes in Languedoc, and Master of Re∣quests to the French King, was Ambassador in Portugal in 1559, 60, and 61, from whence he brought the Plant called from his Name in Latin Nicotiana, and more commonly Tobacco. He writ several Works, viz. a French and Latin Dictionary in folio, a Treatise of Navigation, &c. He died at Paris, May 10. in 1600 Blancard.
• Nicotera, a City of the farther Calabria, in the Kingdom of Naples, upon the Shoar of the Tyrrhene Sea, with a Bishop's See, Suffragan to the Archbishop of Reggio. It's very small and thinly inhabited, being almost quite ruined by an Earthquake in 1638. Long. 40. 00. Lat. 38. 25.

• Nidrosia, a River of Norway, also a City of the same name, the Capital of a Province there, with an Archbishop's See, com∣monly called Drontheim, and a place of considerable Trade. The Swedes were Masters of it since 1658, but by a late Treaty it hath been restored to the Kings of Denmark. Lat. 64. 36.
• Nieper, a River of Poland which hath its rise in Muscovy: See Borysthenes.
• * Niester, Lat. Tyras or Turla, a Polish River which has its source from a Lake in Russia Rubra, nine Polish Miles East from Primislaw, and four South of Lemberg. It flows through Podo∣lia, Pokutia, and is the boundary betwixt Braclaw and Walachia, and falls into the Black-sea in Bessarabia, sixty, or as some say, not above twenty Miles from the Mouth of the Danube. Baudr.
• * Nieuhaus, or Neuhaus, Lat. Nienhusium, a Castle near Pader∣born, and the Ancient Residence of their Bishops, who made it a place of retreat from the fury of their Rebellious People. It is built on the very place where Drusus erected a Castle. The first of the Bishops of Paderborn that resided here, was Theodore Furstemberg. Nero Claudius and Charles the Great built Castles also in this place, to bridle the Sicambri and Saxons.
• Niger, the greatest River of Africa called by the Inhabitants Hiud Nijar. It ariseth in Aethiopia from a Lake of the same name, and running Westward divides Nigritia into two parts. After a long course and the reception of divers Rivers, whose names are unknown to us, it falls into the Atlantick Ocean by six great Streams, which are all South of Cape Verde but one. A remarkable thing is observed concerning this River, viz. That whereas on the South side of it, the Inhabitants are black, strong, and well made, and the Soil fertile; yet on the other side to the North, the People are white or somewhat tawny, little and weak, and the ground very barren. The Tide which ebbs and flows from six to six hours, runs up above Five and twenty Leagues into the Country. It increaseth and decreaseth like the Nile, overflowing all the Fields, and cove∣ring the Valleys: Its overflowing begins in the midst of June, and lasts eighty Days, encreasing and diminishing before it re∣turns within its Banks. Ptolomy was mistaken in saying that there was an Arm of Niger which ran towards the East, for the Merchants and others that have travelled that Country in∣form us of the contrary. Marmol. descr. of Africa.
• * Niger (Dominicus Marius) a Venetian who lived about the Year 1490. He published Six and twenty Books of Geo∣graphy, Eleven of Europe, as many of Asia, and four of Africa, but takes no notice of America, whence it appears he composed that work, before Americus Vesputius, had discovered that fourth part of the World in 1492. It was printed at Basil in 1557.
• Night, the time from the Sun's setting to its rising. It is worth our observing that the Ancient Gauls and Germans (and we English to this day) reckoned the time by Nights and not by Days, as other Nations are wont to do. It is probable, that the reason of this was, that they began their Civil-day at Sun∣set, and so reckoned their time by that which was the begin∣ning or first part of their Day, following the Divine order mentioned by Moses, Ex vespere & mane factus est dies unus, which our Translators render, and the Evening and the Morning were the first Day.
• Night, Lat. Nox, a Heathen Divinity, whom some Authors make Daughter of the Chaos and Darkness, and others of Hea∣ven and Earth: She was married, as the Poets tell us, to Erebus the God of Hell, and by him had four Children, Fate or Desti∣ny, Old-age, Sleep, and Death The Ancients painted her hold∣ing two Children in her Arms, one asleep and fresh coloured, the other seemingly asleep but black, with its Feet astride; these denoted Death and its true Image Sleep, both commonly the off-spring of Night. Hesiod. Theogonia. Macrob. Saturnal, Lib. 1. Cap. 20.
• Nigidius Figulus, accounted the most learned of the Ro∣mans after Varro, was a Pythagorean Philosopher, and forasmuch as the Pythagoreans were suspected to be Magicians, he was ba∣nished, and so died in 709 of Rome. Cicero and others speak with high esteem of him, and Janus Rutgersius hath carefully collected all the Fragments of Nigidius Figulus found in An∣cient Authors. Cicero. La Popeliniere.
• Nigritia, the Land of the Blacks, a large Country of Africa in the farthermost Libya, having the Desarts of Zaara to the East and North, Guinea to the South, the Atlantick Ocean and River Niger to the West. It was generally divided into King∣doms, whereof the most known are Borno, Guangara, Cano, Cass••na, Agades, Tombut, Canvia, Gualata, Genehoa, Fouli, which lie North of the Niger, Zanfara, Zegzeg, Gago, Banga∣na, Cantori, Mandinga, Caragoulis, Sousos, Beccabena, Melli, to the South of that River; about the Mouth of which live the B••a∣fares, Jalof••s, and Gambayes, who are all Mahometans, besides a few Idolaters and some that live in Desarts, who have no Reli∣gion at all. The Negro's are brutal in their Pleasures, lazy, dull and ignorant, most of 'em trade in Slaves which they take from the neighbouring Countries, and often sell their own Children and Wives to the Spaniards and Portuguese, who carry them to America to work in their Sugar Mills: See Negro's. Morden adds, That the Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of this Country, but that the Rains occasion several Diseases. That Cape Ban••o or Caput Album, is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock, about ten or twelve Cubits high, with a spaci∣ous Port, where Ships ride safe whatever Wind blows, that the Hollanders have some Holds here, and trade with the Natives for Ostridge Feathers, Gums, Amber, and some small parcels of Gold. On the South of Nigritia are sandy Desarts not ha∣bitable for want of Water, so that the Passengers must carry it with 'em. On the Banks of the Niger are Indian Reeds, Woods of Ebony, Box, Tamarisk, &c. which shelter the Natives and their Cattle from the scorching heat. In the said Woods are Lions, Camelo-pards, Debuths, &c. The Negro's Arms are Bows and Arrows which with their Bow-strings are made of Reeds. They have also Clubs of Ebony, and are very Courage∣ous; their Houses are little and built of Earth; their chief Or∣naments are Necklaces and Bracelets, but they go mostly naked by reason of the heat. They have Onions, Gourds, and Melons ex∣traordinary big, but their principal Meat is Fish and Camels Flesh. They worship Guighimo the Lord of Heaven. They were first Jews, afterwards Christians, but turned Mahometans about 830.
• Nile, a great River of Africa, which has its rise in the up∣per Aethiopia in the Kingdom of the Abyssines, from very high Mountains called the Mountains of the Moon, in a Country cal∣led Sacahala; others say the Nile hath two Fountains whereof the one traverseth the Lake Zembre or Zaire, and the other proceeding from the same Mountains of the Moon, passeth through the Lake Saflan, and being enlarged by the Gema, Kelti and Branti, runs through the South part of the Lake Dam∣bea, where it forms the greatest Cataract or Arm of that Ri∣ver; before it enters Nubia, it takes in the River Meleg, and afterwards the Tacaze, at Jalac, and entring the Upper Egypt four Miles beneath Grand Cairo, it divides first into two and after into more Branches, which anciently made the number Seven, but are now reduced to Four, the rest being stopp'd by the Sands of the Mediterranean, and those brought down by the River. The Eastern branch falls into the Mediterranean near Damiata, of old Pelusiacum; the Western was called Canopus, and falls into the same Sea near Rosetto. There are two other Channels between these, but inconsiderable. This River is the cause of the fertility of Egypt, beginning every Year to rise with the rising Sun June 17. and swelling sometimes to twenty four Cubits, and begins to de∣crease about the middle of September. About a Month after they sow their Grounds, and in May reap them: The cause of which Inundation is now known to be the Rains which fall in Aethiopia for three Months together in their Winter, which is the Egyptian Summer. The Egyptians owe not only their Food, but their Lives too in a great measure to the swelling of this Ri∣ver; for it is observed, That when 500 die of the Plague at Grand Cairo the day before, not one dies the day after. Those Waters are sweet to the taste, cool and wholsome, and very nourish∣ing both to Plants and Animals. It has plenty of Fish, and too many Crocodiles, some of which are thirty Foot long. Mon∣sieur Thevenot begins the encrease of the Nile May 16 or 20, and saith, They give no account of its increase beyond Sep∣tember 24, tho it often swells to the beginning of October, and gradually abates till the Month of May. He gives also this ac∣count of the Head of the Nile from the Report of an Aethiopi∣an Ambassadour he met at Grand Cairo. The Head of the Nile is a Well that springs in a large Plain called Ovembromma, in the Province of Ago, which casts up the Waters very high, and is twelve days Journey from Gouthar, the Capital of Aethi∣opia. These Waters running Northwards pass by seven Cataracts before they enter into Egypt, neither are there any Mountains near its Head by three weeks Journey. If the River doth not swell sixteen Foot, a Famine follows for want of Water; if it swells to twenty four, there is a Dearth because the Seed time is lost. * During this Inundation, the Country-people keep their Cattle on the tops of Hills till the decrease of the Waters, and on these Hills stand most of their Towns and Villages, ap∣pearing in the time of the Flood like so many Islands, and holding a commerce by the continual Entercourse of Boats and Shallops in which they transport their Marketable Commo∣dities from one place to another. If it does not thus overflow, it's not onely a fore-runner of Dearth, but prognosticates some ensuing mischief to the Prince or State, confirmed by the Testimony of good and credible Authors, who affirm, That in the Tenth and Eleventh Years of Cleopatra the River increased not at all. On the Banks of this famous River grew those sedgy Weeds called Papyri, of which Paper was made in former times. They were divided into thin flakes, into which they naturally parted, then laid upon a Table and moistened with the glutinous Waters of the River, afterwards press'd to∣gether and dry'd in the Sun, by means of which Invention Ptolomy Philadelphus made his excellent Library at Alexandria. And understanding how Attalus, King of Pergamus, by the benefit of this Egyptian Paper, strove to exceed him in that kind of Magnificence, prohibited the Exportation of it out of Egypt. Hereupon Attalus invented the use of Parchments made of the Skins of Calves and Sheep; from the Materials call'd Membrana, and Pergamena from the place where invented. It's worth taking notice of, That before this Paper and Parch∣ment were known, there were three ways of writing; 1. On the inside of the Bark of a Tree, which is in Latin call'd Li∣ber, and hence Books are called Libri. 2. On Tables fram'd out of the main body of a Tree, which being called Caudex gave the Latins occasion to call a Book Codex. 3. They used to cover their Tables over with Wax, and thereon to write what they had to signifie, whence a Letter-carrier was called

• ... Tabellarius. The Instrument wherewith they wrote was a Sharp-pointed-Iron, which they call'd Stylus, a word now signifying the peculiar phrase which a Man uses. Heylin. Leo Africanus says, That the Crocodiles of the Nile destroy more Men since the Turks were Masters of Egypt than before, People being thin, and not so able as formerly to destroy 'em. Gabri∣el Sionite de Urb. Orient. says, The Waters of this River being exposed in Pans three days to the heat of the Sun, turns to pure white Salt, whence the Egyptians abound with that Commodi∣ty. He adds, That the Waters are naturally muddy, but be∣ing settled, excell all others for sweetness and clearness. Lu∣dolf. Hist. Aethiop. Thevenot's Travels.
• St. Nilus, the Disciple of St. John Chrysostom, and Praefect of the City of Constantinople; but the love of a Contemplative Life, made him retire to Mount Sinai with his Son Theodulus, where they liv'd in a Monastery. Sometime after the Sara∣cens came and kill'd the Priests of the Monastery, and took a∣way several of those Solitaries Prisoners with them, and a∣mongst the rest his Son, of which St. Nilus gives an account in a History of his own composing, which Poisin the Jesuit hath translated and printed in Quarto; and Bollandus hath inserted this History in his Lives of the Saints, on the fourteenth of January. The same Jesuit hath also publisht in another Vo∣lume in Quarto, 355 Epistles of this Saint in Greek and La∣tin with curious Observations; and we have, besides, in the Bibliotheca Patrum his Exhortations to a Monastick Life in 229 Articles. St. Nilus was look'd upon as one of the great Ma∣sters of a Spiritual and Contemplative Life, of which he writ a Treatise called Christian Philosophy. He died in 420, and was buried at Constantinople with Theodulus his Son, whom a Bishop redeem'd out of the Hands of the Saracens. The Menology of the Greeks, and Martyrology of the Romans, make mention of him on the twelfth of November. Sixt. Senens. Bellarmin. Baron. Possevin. Godeau.
• Nilus Doxapatrius, a Greek Writer, who writ by order of Roger King of Sicily, a Treatise of the five Patriarchates, to∣wards the end of the XI. Century, which Monsieur le Moine Pro∣fessor at Leyden, hath published in Greek and Latin in 1685, wherein he treats particularly of the Patriarchates of Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, Jerusalem and Constantinople, describing the rise and bounds of each of them. He gives the pre-eminence to the three Patriarchates of Antioch, Alexandria and Rome, be∣cause, as he saith, they were founded by St. Peter himself. F. Simon.
• Nimeghen, or Nimeguen, Lat. Noviomagum, a City of the Low-Countries, and Capital of the Lower Guelderland under the States of Holland; seated upon a part of the Rhine called the Wael, between the Rhine and the Maes, two Leagues from Arnheim to the South, and six from Ʋtrecht to the East; three from Cleves to the West, and twenty from Collen to the same. This City was taken in 1672 by the present French King, but was the Year after deserted by the French. In 1678 there was a Peace agreed here between the French and the Spaniards, and 1679 be∣tween the Germans and the French. It was anciently the Capi∣tal of the Batavi before the Roman Conquest, and by Charle∣maigne made an Imperial City, but exempted about 1585. It stood out for the Spaniards in 1589, and was attack'd by Skenk a Dutch General, who entered it, but being repulsed, was drown'd in the Wael. In 1591 Prince Maurice took it after a sharp Siege. It was founded by the Catti, and the Castle by Julian the A∣postate. Charles the Great had a Palace here, which, together with the Town, was burn'd by the Normans, but rebuilt by the Germans. It is seated in a good Air on the side of a Hill, having three great dry Heaths on three sides of it, and the Wael on the fourth. It hath been more sam'd in the Wars both Ancient and Modern than any other in the Low-Countries; and its Inhabitants have with small force obtain'd many great Victories: They had a peculiar Law, That every Citizen should have a compleat Set of Armour. Pontanus.
• Nimetu-Lahites, a kind of Turkish Monks, so called from their Founder Nimetulahi, famous for his Doctrine and the Austerity of his Life. They meet every Monday Night to sing Hymns to the praise of God. Those who desire to be receiv'd into this Order, must continue forty Days shut up in a Cham∣ber, where they have only allowed them four Ounces of Food a Day, neither are any suffered to go to them. At the end of this fast the other Religious take the Novice by the Hand and dance a Morrice-Dance, in which they make several extrava∣gant Gestures, during which exercise the Novice commonly happens to fall down in a Trance, at which time they say he receives some wonderful Revelation. Ricaut of the Ottoman Empire.
• Nimrod the Son of Cush and Grandchild of Ham lived A. M. 1879. It seems probable by the account Bochart gives us, Ca∣naan, Lib. 1. Chap. 2. That the Greeks confounded Bacchus with Nimrod. See Bacchus. The Scripture observes Gen. 10. 9. That he was a great Hunter, forasmuch as at the first peopling of the World, when Humane kind was not yet multiplied into any great numbers, it was necessary for Men to apply themselves to Hunting for fear of being overpowered by the Beasts. And the same thing appears from many Greek Fables. Tho the Supposititious Berosus and Annius of Viterba will have Nimrod to have been the Saturn of the Ancients, and that Mercator thinks him to have been Ninus; yet the most proba∣ble Opinion is, That he was Belus so often mentioned in pro∣phane History. Nimrod signifies Tyrant, Bel Lord, or Powerful.
• Nineve, Lat. Ninus, an ancient and most celebrated City of Assyria, built by Assur about A. M. 1807, or Ninus (Gen. 10.11.) or as others by Nimrod; see Bochart Phaleg IV. Chap. 12. Dio∣dorus Siculus gives us a magnificent description of it, and saith, It was 480 Stadia in compass; and the Scripture saith, it was a City of three Days Journey. It lies now in ruins, but out of it is sprung a new City called Mosul or Musal on the West side of the Tigris in Mesopotamia, whereas Nineve was in Assyria, on the East Bank of that River. It was destroyed by Nebuchad∣nezzar's Father A. M. 3235, built again, and was a great City in the time of Ammianus Marcellinus, until destroy'd in 1173 ac∣cording to Sir John Marsham, Chron.
• * Ninove or Nienove, a small City of the Low-Countries in the Earldom of Flanders, and Territories of Alost; subject to the King of Spain. It stands upon the River Dender, two Leagues South of Alost, in the middle between Brussels to the East, and Oudenarde to the West.
• Ninus, or Assur, whom Eusebius makes the first King of the Assyrian Monarchy, he built, or rather enlarged Nineve, con∣quered Zoroaster King of the Bactrians, and married Semiramis of Ascalon, subdued almost all Asia, and died after a Reign of Two and fifty Years. We have no certainty that Assur mentio∣ned in Scripture (Gen. 10.11.) was the same with Ninus of the Ancients, the Son of Belus, as is commonly believed; it being more probable that Ninus lived not till about the time of De∣borah, and that he only embellished Nineve, whose Foundati∣ons had been laid long before by Nimrod, and bestowed up∣on it the name of Nineve; that is, the Abode or Habitati∣on of Ninus. Voss. Chronolog. Hist. Univers. of the Bishop of Meaux.
• Niobe, the Daughter of Tantalus, and Wife to Amphion King of Thebes, being puft up with Pride for her Beauty and nu∣merous Issue, she arrogantly preferr'd them before the Chil∣dren of Latona, at which she being incensed, caused them to be all killed, whereupon Niobe being seiz'd with extream grief was turned into a stone. That which gave occasion to this Fa∣ble, is, That we find that extraordinary and overcoming sor∣rows, make the party stiff and unmoveable like a stone, and therefore it is said 1 Sam. 35.37. that Nabal's Heart, upon hearing the account which his Wife gave him of David's anger against him, died within him, and he became a stone.
• Niphates, now Curdo, a part of Mount Taurus between Arme∣nia and Mesopotamia; from whence proceeds a River of the same name, which passing through Armenia and Mesopotamia, empties it self in the Tigris.
• Niphon, An Island of Asia belonging to Japan, and the prin∣cipal Province of that Empire, in which are Meaco and Jedo, the Royal Cities where the King resides. It is about sixty Leagues in compass. In this Island are five Provinces, viz. Ja∣maystera, Jetsegen, Jesten, Ochio and Quanto.
• Niphus, called Eutychius and Philotheus, (Augustinus) was of Sessa or Suessa, a City in the Kingdom of Naples. He taught Philosophy in almost all the Universities of Italy; and besides his Learning, was of a very pleasant Humour, and good Com∣pany; only is blamed for having too much doated upon Wo∣men: He died about the Year 1537. He hath left several Works, as his Commentaries upon Aristotle; a Treatise of the Im∣mortality of the Soul against Pomponatius; divers Moral and State Treatises published by Naudaeus in Quarto; Episicl••e, Adversus. Astrologos, De inimicitiarum lucro, De armorum & literarum com∣paratione, De Tyranno & Rege, De Augurias, De diebus criticis, &c.
• Nisan, the first Month in the Hebrew Calendar which an∣swers to part of our March and April; famous for the Sacrifice to be offered on the first day of it, and the Feast of Easter. Si∣gon. in Calend. Hebr. Torniel.
• Nise or Nisne, which is also called Nissi Novogorod, is a great City of Moscovy built by the great Duke Basilius upon the Con∣fluent of the Occa and Volga, and had that name because most of its Inhabitants came from Novogorod. It is a place of great Trade, and is inhabited by Moscovites, Tartars and Hollanders, and is called the Lower Novogorod. It lies 100 German Miles from Mosco to the North East, and forty from Wologda to the S. E.
• Nisibin, Lat. Nisibis, the Capital of Mesopotamia, of great Antiquity. It is supposed to have been a Colony of the Ro∣mans, and is mentioned by Pliny and Strabo. It is now an Archbishop's See, and the Capital of Diarbeck under the Turks. It stands upon the River Zaba, which falls into the Tigris un∣der Mount Taurus, thirty five Miles from the Tigris to the West, fifty from Amida to the South, and seventy five from Taurus to the South-West. Ecclesiastical Authors make fre∣quent mention of the Protection this City received from its Bishop St. James, when it was Besieged by Sapor King of Per∣sia in 338, who, by his Prayers scattered his Armies. Theodo∣ret. Plin. Strabo.
• Nisita, Lat. Nesis, a small Island of Italy in Terra di Lavoro in the Kingdom of Naples, three Miles from Pozzuolo. In 1550 there was found here the Marble Sepulchre of a Roman Citi∣zen, having a lighted Lamp in a Glas, Vial or Bottle, which had no opening nor vent at all, which was very extraordinary. As soon as this Bottle was broke the Lamp went out; the flame of this Lamp was exceeding bright and lively, and the Glass was not blackened or stained in the least, which was an evident

• Argument, that it was pure Aethereal Fire, which casts no Smoke. Lucetus de Lucern antiquis.
• Nismes, Lat. Nemausus, Nemausium, a City of France in the Lower Languedoc, which was a Roman Colony of great Anti∣quity, as appears by many Monuments yet remaining, the most considerable whereof is the Amphitheatre, the form of which is round, and built of hewn stone of an extraordinary bigness, with Seats for Spectators. The outside of it is encom∣pass'd with Pillars and Corniches, where are still to be seen the Roman Eagles, and the figures of Romulus and Remus suckled by a Wolf. Without the City is to be seen the Temple of Dia∣na, the great Tower call'd by the Inhabitants Tour magne, with divers other Antiquities, and the Fountain mentioned by Ausonius;

  Non Aponus potu, vitrea non luce Nemausus Purior, aequoreo non plenior amne Timavus.

  The ancient Medals found in and about this City prove it to have been a Colony of the Souldiers whom Augustus brought back with him from Egypt, after the Conquest of that Province, as representing a Crocodile bound to a Palm-tree, with these letters Col. Nem. which import Colonia Nemausus, or Nemausen∣sium, which Medal constitutes at present the Arms of Nismes. Another considerable Monument is the Square-house, so call'd, being a long square building seventy four Foot in length, and one and forty Foot six Inches broad: Some have thought this to be the Basilica which Adrian the Emperor built at Nismes, but the Basilica had their Pillars within, whereas this building, like the Temples, hath them without; wherefore it seems very pro∣bable, that this Square-house was formerly a Temple of the Ro∣mans, who were used to build their Temples long square for their Figure. The Situation of Nismes is the most pleasant of any other of the whole Province, as having on the one side of it Hills covered with Vines and all manner of Fruit-Trees, and on the other side of it, a great and fruitful Plain. It is a very fair City, and an Episcopal See, lying in the middle between Avignon to the E. and Montpelier to the W. seven Leagues from either. This City was in subjection to the Goths till the time of Charles Martel; afterwards had its own Counts, and was united to the Crown in 1214. Long. 25. 05. Lat. 43. 06. Sue∣ton. Strabo. Du Chesne.
• * Nissa, a considerable City of Turkey in Servia, situate up∣on the River Nichawa, which falls into the Morava; fifteen Ger∣man Miles N. from Scopia, twelve W. of Giustandil, and forty two N. W. from Thessalonica, memorable for the defeat of the Turks by the Imperialists, on the twenty fourth of September 1689, under Prince Lewis of Baden, whereupon all Servia and Albania submit∣ted to the Emperor, as did the Town next day after the Victory; but it was retaken by the Turks in 1690, after a Siege of three Weeks. It's strong by its Situation, capable of being improved, and has five Mosques. It's seated in a fruitful and pleasant Soil.
• Nisse, or Nisi, Lat. Nysa, a City of Armenia the lesser, and a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Caesarea, famous for ha∣ving had St. Gregory for its Prelate. There was of old a City of this name in the Indies, built by Bacchus.
• Nisus, King of Megara in Achaia, had amongst his fair Hair a lock of a purple colour, which he kept with great care, as that upon which the Preservation of his Kingdom depended, but Scylla his Daughter being fallen in love with Minos King of Crete, who besieg'd the City of Megara, cut off her Father's lock, and so delivered her Native Country to its Enemies; whereupon Nisus died for grief, and, as the Poets feign, was changed to an Osprey, and Scylla finding her self scorned by Minos died of Despair, and was chang'd into a Lark. This Fa∣ble resembles the true Story of Samson, in whose Hair, cut by Dalila, lay all his strength. Apollodor. Ovid Metam.
• * Nithisdale, a County in the S. of Scotland near the Bor∣ders, having Clidsale on the N. Anandale on the E. Solway firth on the S. and Galoway on the W. It gives title to an Earl of the Family of Maxwell.
• Nitoeris, Queen of Babylon, was the Mother of Labinetus, de∣thron'd by Cyrus. She turned the course of the River Euphra∣tes, which ran straight through the City, another way, to hinder the Enemies from coming unawares upon them by the rapid course of that River; she caus'd also a Bridge to be built over it; and ordered her Tomb over the Principal Gate of the City, with an Inscription, which promised great Treasures to the O∣pener of it, which Darius having done, found nothing in it but these words for his pains, Hadst thou not been the most Cove∣tous of all Men, thou wouldst not have troubled the Repose of the Dead. Herod.
• Nitria, a Mountain of Egypt famous for having been the Re∣treat of many holy Anchorets.
• Nitria, called by the Inhabitants Nitracht, a City of the Up∣per Hungary, and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Gran. It stands upon a small River of the same Name, ten German Miles from Presburg to the E. the same from Gran to the N. and five from Newhausel. It's Capital of a Province of the same Name.
• * Nitt, the Residence of the Dukes of Curland in Ger∣many.
• Nivata, a Province of Japan, with a City of the same Name in the Dominion called Quanto.
• Niuche, Lat. Niucanum, called also Tenduc and Charchir, a Kingdom in the Asian Tartary, the King whereof has lately con∣quered China.
• Nivernois: See Nevers.
• * Niville, a small but strong Town of the Low-Countries in the Dukedom of Brabant, and Quarter of Brussels, still under the King of Spain. It stands twelve Miles S. of Brussels and eighteen N. E. of Mons.
• Nixidii, certain Gods worshipped by the Romans, and suppos'd by them to be the helpers of Women in their Child-bed-throws, from the word Nixus, which signifies the throws of a Woman in Labour. They were three in Number. The Romans placed their Statues in the Capitol, over against the Altar of Minerva. It's said, the Romans brought 'em out of Syria after the Defeat of Antiochus. They represented these Gods in the posture of Women in Labour. Ovid. Festus.
• * Nizynum, a large and strong Town of Ukrania, on the Bor∣ders of the Dukedome of Czarnich, beyond the Boristhenes, ta∣ken from the Cossacks in 1652, by Casimir King of Poland.

• Noah, the Patriarch, Son of Lamech, who was born An. Mund. 1057; and he alone, with his Family, preserv'd from the Deluge in an Ark, to re-people the World after that Univer∣sal judgment. God having resolv'd to punish the Abominati∣ons of Mankind by an universal Deluge, and willing to save Noah, commanded him to build the Ark, which he perfected in 100 Years, during which, the People continuing impeni∣tent, he was ordered to take in Food for himself and the Beasts that were to be preserv'd, and to enter the Ark with his three Sons Sem, Ham, and Japhet, and their three Wives; and God having shut it on the out-side, the Waters begun and continued to fall for forty Days, and destroy'd all the Living-creatures of the Earth, whilst the Ark, the Figure of the Church, sav'd the Patriarch and his Family. After 150 Days, that the Surface of the Earth was thus covered, there arose a Wind that diminished the Flood, and seven Months after its beginning the Ark rested upon a Mountain of Armenia; some think upon Mount Taurus; others hold it was upon one of the Cordiens. St. Epiphanus says, That in his time they shew'd some of its remains in this last place. Noah having sent a Crow and a Pigeon out to know by their return, what con∣dition the Land was in, came out of the Ark 357 Days after he had gone into it, An. Mund. 1657, and rais'd an Altar to Sa∣crifice in acknowledgment of his particular delivery. God was pleas'd with his Gratitude, and bless'd him and his Family. After this they began to till the Land, and plant Vines; but Noah having drank of the Juice, whose force he was not aware of, became drunk, and uncovering himself, was jeer'd by Ham, but the other Sons hid his Nakedness, whereupon he cursed the first. Noah died An. Mund. 2006, the 950th of his Age, and 350 after the Deluge, Gen. 6.9. Joseph. Torniel. Sponde. Bo∣chart.
• Noailles, a Country-Town in Limoisin in France, which has given its Name to the House of Noailles.
• Nocera, Lat. Nuceria, a City of Italy in Umbria of great anti∣quity, and a Bishop's See immediately under the Pope, seated at the foot of the Appennine, in the Borders of the Marchia Anco∣nitana, at the Fountains of the River Topino, sixteen Miles from Spoletto to the N. and fifteen from Camerino to the W.
• Nocera, called for distinction Nocera di Pagani, a City in the Kingdom of Naples in the Hither Principato, which is a Bi∣shop's See, under the Archbishop of Salerno, and a Dukedom belonging to the Family of Barberino. It stands eight Miles from Salerno to the S. W. and two and twenty from Naples to the S. There is also a Town of this Name in Calabria, eight Miles from Amantea to the S, and three from the Tyrrhenian-Sea, by the Latin Historians called Nuceria, and Alfaterna. Hoffman.
• Nocturna. The Roman Catholicks bestow this name upon that part of the Church Office or Prayers, which they also call Ma∣tutina or Mattins, which are commonly divided into three Nocturns, so called, because they were us'd to be sung onely by Night; which is still observ'd in some Cathedral Churches, where they sing their Mattins at Midnight, in imitation of the Primitive Christians, who by reason of the Heathen Emperor's Persecutions, were forc'd to meet at Night, which gave their Adversaries occasion of loading them with most abominable Ca∣lumnies. F Simon.
• Nodinus, a Heathen God, who, as St. Austin tells us from Varro, was worshipped by the Romans, as having the care of making the Nodes and Joints of the Corn-stalks. Augustin de Civit. Dei.
• * Noell (Edward) descended of an ancient and noble Family in Leicestershire, was made Baronet An. 1611, 9 Jac. soon after the erection of that Degree of Honour, and was afterwards ad∣vanc'd to the Dignity of a Baron of this Realm, by the Title of Lord Noel of Ridlington, 14 Jac. And having married Julian the Daughter and Coheir of Sir Baptist Hicks, created Lord Hicks of Ilmington in Warwickshire, and Vicount Campden of Campden in Glocestershire May 5. 4 Car. I. he obtained a Grant of these Titles to himself and the Heirs Male of his Body in reversion, in case the said Sir Baptist should die without Issue; and ac∣cordingly enjoy'd 'em afterwards. He was engag'd in the Ci∣vil Wars, and receiv'd first a Commission from King Ch. I. to raise 500 Horse, and a second to raise three Regiments of Horse, and three of Foot, but died in that King's Garrison in

• ... Oxford, in 1643, leaving two Sons, Baptist and Henry, and two Daughters. Baptist, his Son and Heir, first married Ann, El∣dest Daughter to William, Earl of Denbigh, by whom he had two Sons, who died Infants: secondly, Ann, Daughter to Sir Robert Lovet of Liscombe, Widow of Edward, Earl of Bath, by whom he had no Issue that liv'd: thirdly, Elizabeth, one of the four Daughters and Co-heirs of Thomas, Lord Wotton, by whom he had Issue two Sons, Edward and Henry, and four Daughters. Mary, married to James, Earl of Northampton, and Juliana, to the Lord Allington: his fourth Wife is, Elizabeth, Daughter to Montague, late E. of Lindsey, by whom he has had Issue three Sons, Lindsey, who died an Infant; Baptist and James, and 3 Daugh∣ters; Catharine, married to John, Lord Roos, only Son to John, Earl of Rutland; Briget and Martha. Dugdale.
• Noetus, an Heresiarch, and Master to Sabellius, who con∣founded the Nature and Persons of the Trinity.
• Nogaro, or Nogarol, upon the River Modou, in Latin, Noga∣riolum, or Nugariolum. A City of France, and Capital of the lower Armagnac, where three Provincial Councils were cele∣brated, in 1290, 1303, and 1316.
• Nogent le Rotrou, Lat. Noginentum Rotrudum, Novidunum, and Neodunum; the fairest Village in France, famous for its Ma∣nufactures of Serges, Linen and Leather. The Capital of the County of la Perche, upon the River Huysn, 14 Leagues from Chartres (the Capital of la Beausse) and honoured with the Title of a Dukedom.
• Nogent le Roy, Lat. Nonigentum Regium, a Town in la Beausse, upon the River Eure, between Dreux and Chartres.
• Nogent sur Seine, Lat. Nonigentum ad Sequanam, a fine Town of Champagne, upon the River Seine.
• * Nogent l'Artaud, a Town of Champagne in France, upon the Marne, below Chasteau Thierri.
• Noia, a Principality of the Kingdom of Naples, near to Ba∣ri. There is also a Dukedom of the same Name in the Basili∣cate, near to Calabria.
• Noion, or Noyon, Lat. Noviomus, called by Caesar, Noviodunum Belgarum, and by Ptolomy, Noviomagus Vadicassium. A City of France, in Picardy, near the River Oise, belonging to the Government of the Isle of France, with a Bishop's See, and Title of an Earldom. The Bishoprick of Vermandois was transferred hither in 520, when the Capital of that Province, called Augusta Viromandu∣orum, was ruined by the Barbarians. This City was burnt, to∣gether with its Cathedral, in 1131, and had the same Mishap twice or thrice since, as in 1152, and in 1228. Noyon is at pre∣sent a fair City, adorned with fine Buildings, Fountains and sumptuous Churches, that of our Lady being the Cathedral. It hath the convenience of the River Oise, which is about a quarter of a League distant from it, and hath a Haven at Pont l'Eveque. It is watered with the River Verse, which receives those of Galliole and la Marguente. This City is famous for ha∣ving been the Birth place of Calvin. A Peace was concluded here in 1516, between Charles the Vth. and Francis the Ist. Henry the IVth. of France, took it from the League in 1532, after he had thrice defeated the Army that came to its Relief. The Duke of Mayenne made himself Master of it the year after. The Bi∣shop of Noyon is Earl and Peer of France. Du Chesne. Recherehes des Antiq. de France. Jacques le Vasseur Annal. de Noyon. San. Marth. Gall. Christian. Papir. Mass. Descript. Flum. Galliae. Thuan.
• Nola, a City and Colony of the Romans in Campania foelix (now Terra di Lavoro) in the Kingdom of Naples, which is a Bishop's See, under the Archbishop of Naples. It is a very an∣cient City, and hath many Signs of Antiquity still remaining. Hannibal besieged it in vain, in 540 of Rome, and it was at the Gates of this City that Claudius Metellus fought him. Augustus died in or near this City, A.C. 14. the 19th. of August. It is al∣so famous for having been the Birth place of Paulinus, who was afterwards Bishop of it. It stands 14 miles from Naples, towards the E. near the River Agno. Ambros. Lion. Histor. of Nola & Le∣andr. Albert. Desc. Italiae.
• Noli, Lat. Naulum, Naulium, a small City in the State of Genoua being a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Genoua. It stands in a Plain on the Shores of the Ligurian Sea, but has no Har∣bour, and was once a Free-state, but now subject to the State of Genoua, from which City it stands 31 miles to the W. between Savona and Albengua.
• Nomades, the Name of several Nations in Europe, Asia and Africa; so called from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which signi∣fies to feed Cattle, because their chief Business and Occupation was, to feed their Cattle, as the Tartars now doe, and some o∣ther Nations, as the Arabians, &c.
• Nombre de Dios, Lat. Nomen Dei, a City of Terra firma, which is a Province upon the Streights of Panama, in Castile del oro, 25 Leagues from Panama to the N. on the North Sea, Eastward from Porto bello, and has a noble and safe Harbour, but is now forsaken, because of its unhealthfull Air Sir Francis Drake sack'd this Town in 1572. In 1614 it was demolished by the King of Spain's Orders, and Porto bello built with its Mate∣rials.
• Nomento, or Nomentano, an Episcopal City formerly in the Country of the Sabines, which at present is but a Village be∣longing to the Dukedom of Monte Ritondo, in the Ecclesiastical State. It was formerly the Capital of the Nomentii, and much talk'd of in Classick Authors.
• Nomeny, Lat. Nomenium, a great Town in the Dukedom of Lorrain, upon the River Seile (Salia) between Vic and Metz, five miles from Nancy to the S. and 7 from Marsal to the S. E.
• Nomocanon, a Collection of Canons, with the Addition of those Civil Laws to which they referr. Joannes Antiochenus, Pa∣triarch of Constantinople, made the first Nomocanon, about the year 554, which was divided into 50 Titles, to which he redu∣ced all Ecclesiastical Matters. Photius, Patriarch of Constanti∣nople, made another Nomocanon, or a comparing of the Laws with the Canons, about the year 883, the several Matters there∣in being reduced to 14 Heads or Titles. Balsamon writ a Com∣mentary upon it, about the year 1180, taking notice of what was, and what was not in use in his time, and the Places of the Statutes or Ordinances of the Emperors of Constantinople; where some Laws of the Digesta, or Code of Justinian, had been inserted, to make up this New Body of Law, which was then received amongst the Greeks. In the year 1255, Arsenius, Monk of Mount Athos, made a new Nomocanon, to which he hath ad∣ded Notes shewing the Conformity of the Imperial Laws with the Patriarchal Ordinances. Matthaeus Blastares, Monk of the Order of St. Basilius, in 1335, made a Collection of Ecclesiasti∣cal Constitutions, and the Civil Laws that did agree with and answer to them, which Nomocanon of his he called Syntagma, that is, An orderly Collection of Canons and Laws. Doujat. Hist. Can.
• Nona, Lat. Aenona, a Sea-port Town of Dalmatia, which is now a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Zara, or Zadar, 10 miles from Zara to the N. between that City and Segna. The Sclavonians call it N••n. It is under the Venetians, and well fortified.
• Nonnus, a Greek Poet called Panopolita, because he was of Panopolis in Egypt, according to Suidas. He lived in the Vth. Century. He writ a Poem in Heroick Verse, whose Title was, Dionysiacorum, Lib. XLVIII. which Gerard Falkenberg got out of the Library of Joan. Sambucus, and printed i•• at Antwerp, in 1569, and which Eilhardus Lubinus of Rostock since transla∣ted into Latin, and it was reprinted at Hanaw, in 1610. with the Notes of some Learned Men. The same Author made also a Paraphrase in Verse upon the Gospel of St. John, which Aldus Manutius first published in Greek at Venice, in the Year 1501, and it was afterwards translated into Latin, by Christoph. Hegendorphius, Joan. Bordatus, and Erardus Hedeneccius, whereof we have seve∣ral Editions, with the Notes of Franciscus Nansius, Daniel Heinsi∣us, and Silburgius. It is also printed in Bibliotheca Patrum. Sui∣das. v. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Sixt. Senens. Bibl. San. Le Mire de Script. Eccles. Possevin. in Apparat. Nansius. Silburg.
• * Nonsuch, a Stately and Royal Palace, not far from Epsom, in the County of Surry. It is seated in a most pleasant part of the County, in regard of which, and the Magnificence of its Structure, it was called Nonsuch. It was built by King Henry VIIIth. and hath a delightfull Park.
• * Norben, a Sea-port of Norway much frequented by the En∣glish and German Merchants till 1394, that the Swedes took it, and did them great Damage. It's now called Bergen. Crantz.
• Norcia, Lat. Nursia, a small City of Umbria, in the Dominions of the Church, formerly a Bishop's Sea. It stands amongst the Hills, near the Appennine, by the River Fredda, 6 miles from the Mar∣chia Anconitana to the South, between Aquila to the East, and Spoleto to the South, 13 miles from either. It is famous for having been the birth-place of St. Benedict, or Bennet, as also of Sertorius the great Roman Commander slain in Spain.
• Norden, Lat. N••rdenum, a City of Germany in East-Friez∣land, with a considerable Harbour upon the German Ocean, un∣der the Earl of East-Friezland, 16 miles from Embden to the North.
• Nordlingen, Lat. Nerolinga, Alae Flaviae, a City of Schwaben, in 1251, made a free Imperial City. It stands upon the River Eger, four German miles from Lawingen to the North, 10 from Werden to the South-West, and as many from Ingolstadt to the West, between the Territories of the Duke of Newburg, and the Count of Oetingen, famous by a Defeat of the Swedes in 1644, and a Victory of the Swedes and French against the Ba∣varians, in 1645, though otherwise inconsiderable but for its Fairs.
• * Norfolk, Lat. Norfolcia, is a large Maritime County of Eng∣land, and very near an Island of it self, bounded on the North and East with the Ocean, Westward with the great Ouse, which parts it from Lincoln and Cambridge Shires, Southward with the little Ouse and Wavency, which divide it from Suffolk. Its Length from East to West is about 50 miles. Its Breadth from North to South 30; the whole divided into 31 Hundreds, wherein are 660 Parishes, and 31 Market Towns, which is an Argu∣ment of its Populousness. The ancient Inhabitants, together with those of Suffolk, Huntington and Cambridge Shires were known to the Romans by the Name of Iceni, and their Coun∣try made part of the Kingdom of the East Angles during the Saxon Heptarchy, which now with Suffolk makes the Diocess of Norwich. Here the Air is somewhat sharp, whereby the Spring and Harvest are the more backward. The Soil differs very much; for there are Fens and Heaths, Sand and Clay Ground, light and deep Meadows and Pasture, Arable and Woody; so t••at taking the County all together, it affords enough for Pleasure and Profit, that being supplied in one part which is defective in another. But of all Parts of Norfolk, Marshland and Fleg are

• counted the richest, that for Pasture, this for Corn. This Coun∣try particularly abounds in Rabbets. The Sea on the other side yields such abundance of Herrings beyond all other Pla∣ces, especially nigh Yarmouth, that there is a yearly Fair kept on Michaelmas day for the Sale of them. Besides the Rivers aforesaid which border upon this County, you will find here the Yare, which is of special note for its plenty of a certain Fish called a Ruff, whose body is all prickled over. The Tail and Fins spotted with black Specks. The Norfolk Men are coun∣ted industrious and generally so successfull in the Study of our Common Law, that most People wish rather to have a Norfolk Man their Councel than Adversary. Besides Norwich, the chief Town of the County, there are several others of Note, which will be treated of in their proper Places. Yarmouth and Lin are its two Principal Sea-ports, which with Norwich, Thetford and Castle-rising chuse two Parliament Men each, besides the Knights of the Shire. This County has often been dignified with the Title of an Earldom. The first that had the Title of Duke was Thomas, Lord Mowbray, great Grand-child of K. Edward the First, by the Lady Margaret, Daughter to Thomas de Brotherton, a Son of the aforesaid King, but the Title expiring with the Family in the Person of John Mowbray, it was conferred Anno 1475, by King Edward IVth. upon Richard, Duke of York, with whom it died again. But Anno 1483 it was reviv'd again by King Edward, in the Person of John, Lord Howard, descend∣ed from the said Lady Margaret: In which Line it has conti∣nued ever since. It being at present injoy'd by his Grace Henry Howard, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Arundel, Surry and Norwich.
• Norimburg: See Nuremberg.
• Norin, a Fortress of Dalmatia, between the Rivers Narenta and Norin, which is an Arm or Branch of the former, and runs into it again. Some suppose this River took its Name from a City Nero built upon the Banks of it, and on which he bestowed his Name. This Fort is in the Possession of the Republick of Venice; and not far from it to the North is the City Metrovich, where all the Turks Houses are distinguished by Turrets from those of the Greek Christians that dwell there. On the other side, about two miles from the Port, towards the South, there is an Island called Opus, made by the two Branches of Narenta, and the Waters of the Gulf of Venice, where the Venetians in 1685 built a Fort in a most advantageous Situation, which com∣mands the River. P. Coronelli Descrip. of the Morea.
• Norkoping, a small City in Sweden, between two Lakes, 5 miles from the Baltick Sea, in the Province of Ostrogothia, by the River Motala, 10 miles East from the Lake Veter.
• Normandy, Lat. Normannia, a great and fruitfull Province in France, with the Title of a Dukedom. It contains Part of the ancient Neustria, and hath Picardy and the Isle of France on the East, the British Sea on the North, Bretaigne on the West, and la Beausse, le Maine and la Perche on the South. Its length from Gisors to Cherburg is about 72 Leagues, and breadth about 30, and its circuit 240. It is commonly divided into the upper and lower Normandy; the upper contains four Bailywicks, viz. Rouan, Evreux, Caux and Gisors; the lower compriseth three, Alenzon, Caen and Constantine; Rouan is the Capital of the Province, with an Archbishop's Seat, having under it the Bishopricks of Lisi∣eux, Bayeux, Contances, Evreux, Avranches and Seez; the rest of its most considerable Cities are Caen an University, Diepe, Fa∣laise, Havre de Grace, Pont de l'Arche, Argenton, Alenzon, Gisors, Caudebec, Cherburg, St. Lo, Vire, Cerentan, Quillebauf, Honfleur, Lire, Vernon, &c. Normandy abounds in Corn, Cattle and Fruits, more especially in Apples and Pears, with which they make great Store of Cyder and Perry, the ordinary Drink of that Country; but it wants Wine. It is watered with the Rivers Seine, Eure, Risle, Touque, Dive, Orne, Vire, Selune, See, Soule, Ouve and Eu, which are the chiefest. It abounds with many Forests, Quarries of Stone, Medicinal Waters, Mines of I∣ron, and some of Copper, and other Metals; has produc'd great and excellent Men, and the People are generally witty, but hasty and addicted to Law, especially the meaner sort, the Gentry being valiant and generous; neither is there any Pro∣vince in France that abounds more with Gentry than this. They count 100 Cities and Towns in this Province, besides 150 great Villages. The great Trade of the Inhabitants consists in Cattle and linen Cloth, Herbs proper for Dying, and Smiths Coal. Clovis first made this Country a Province, and part of the Kingdom of Soissons. After this the Normans, a People come from the North, as their Name imports, having with their Piracies infested the Sea Coasts of several Countries, at last landed in France, in the Reign of Charles the Bald, and dreadfully wasted and ruined the Country, which Invasions of theirs continued 80 years, obliging the French to pay them Tribute, and those Summs of Money served only to allure them the more to make their Incursions. They thrice laid Siege to Paris, and did so affright the Inhabitants of that great City in the IXth. Century, that they made it part of their publick Prayers, That God would be pleased to deliver them from the Fury of the Normans. King Charles the Simple made a Treaty with them, and gave his Daughter in Marriage to Rollo their Comman∣der, and bestowed upon him the Province of Normandy, with the Title of Duke, upon Condition of doing Homage for it to the King of France. This happened in 912, and Rollo sub∣mitting himself to be baptized, took the Name of Robert. The Normans had so great an esteem for their first Duke, because of his Justice and Equity, that they seem still to call him to their Assistance in their common Exclamation of Haro, or Ha Row, used by none but themselves. This Rollo or Robert was the Fa∣ther of Richard I. called The Old, and surnamed Without fear or Dread nought, who left Richard II. surnamed The Fearless, who had for his Successor Robert II. who of Herleve or Herlot, as some of our Historians say, a Gentleman's Daughter, had Wil∣liam surnamed The Bastard, and call'd afterwards Conqueror, upon his Conquest of England in 1066, by whom this Province was united to the Crown of England till 1202, when King John was outed of it. Henry Vth. about 1420 re-conquered this Dutchy, but his Son lost it again about 1450, since which time it hath been annexed to the Crown of France. Du Chesne. Recherches & Antiq. de Normandie. Joan. Nagerel. Descript. de Normand. Claudius du Moulin. Hist. Gener. de Normand.
• * Norris (Henry) descended of an ancient and noble Fami∣ly of Berks, a Branch of the House of Speke in Lancashire, suc∣ceeded Sir William Compton, as Usher of the Black-rod to King Henry the Eighth, by whom he was also made Gentleman of the Privy-chamber, and Constable of Wallingford Castle, the 29th. of November, in the 27th. of his Reign. But there being a solemn Tournament held at Greenwich the first of May follow∣ing, wherein George Bullen, Viscount Rochford, was chief Chal∣lenger, and this Henry Principal Defendant, the King departed thence on a sudden, no body knowing why; but it's said, it was because he observed the Queen drop her Handkerchief, wherewith some supposed her Favourite did wipe his Face: However the Queen and both the Combatants were committed next morning to the Tower, and all three soon after put to death. It's said the King was troubled to see Norris die, and that he offered him his Pardon, if he did but confess what he was accused of, to which he making this resolute Answer, That in his Conscience he thought the Queen clear of what she was char∣ged with, but whether she were or not, he could not accuse her of any thing, and that he had rather undergo a thousand Deaths than betray the Innocent: The King cryed, Hang him, Hang him. Henry his Son and Heir, being 30 years of Age, in 7 Eliz. was knighted at his own House at Rycot, and in the 14 of Queen Eliz. sent Embassador into France, where he managed his business with such Prudence and Honour, that in consideration thereof and his Father's suffering for her Mother, he was advanced to the Dignity of Peer of England; his eldest Son William died before him, leaving the Lord Francis his Son and Heir, a Man of high Spirit, who died in the 20th. year of King James the First, leaving Issue one only Daughter, who became the Wife of Edward Wray, Groom of the Bed-chamber to King Charles I. which Edward had Issue by her one sole Daughter and Heir, first married to Edward, second Son to Edward, E. of Dorset, and afterwards to Montague, Earl of Lindsey, Lord High Chamber∣lain of England, which Earl had Issue by her three Sons, viz. James, now Lord Norris, born 10 May, An. 1653. Edward, who died young, and Henry; and the Lady Mary. Dugdale.
• * Norris (Sir John) second Son to Henry the First, Lord Norris, famous in his time for his Valour, was first trained up in Military Exercises under Admiral Coligni in the Civil Wars of France, next in Ireland, under Walter, Earl of Essex, then served in the Netherlands under Matthias, Archduke of Austria, in 1579. after that under the Duke of Lorrain 1582; next under Willi∣am of Nassaw; and in the 27th of Queen Elizabeth was consti∣tuted Colonel General of all the Horse and Foot sent out of England to the Relief of Antwerp, then besieged by the Spaniards, and empowered to treat with the States General for the enter∣taining of the English Foot appointed to serve in those parts. In the 30th. of Queen Elizabeth, being then President of the Council in the Province of Munster in Ireland, he had a Commission giving him Power to constitute such principal Of∣ficers as well by Sea and Land, as he thought fit for the Defence of the Kingdom. In the 33 of Queen Elizabeth he was consti∣tuted Captain General of those English Auxiliaries that were sent to King Henry the IVth. of France, against his rebellious Sub∣jects in Bretaigne; and having deported himself with great Pru∣dence and Courage in all these eminent Employments, to the great Honour of the English Nation as well as of his own Name; expected that upon the re-calling of Sir William Russell, Knight; afterwards Lord Russell of Thornhaugh, he should have been De∣puty of Ireland; but finding that Thomas, Lord Borough, was preferr'd to that Command, and himself requir'd to continue still in Munster, he grew so highly discontented, that he thereup∣on fell sick, and died. Dugdale's Baronage.
• Nort (Oliver van) born at Rotterdam, who after having passed the Streights of Magellan, entred into the South-sea, where sailing along the Coast of Chili, and from thence taking his Course towards the East-Indies, he arrived in the Isle of Borneo, and came back afterwards near to the Cape of Good hope; and after he had almost sailed round the World, arrived in Holland, in 1601, and gave an Account of his New Discove∣ries. Hugo Grotius.
• Nortbert, Archbishop of Magdeburg, and Founder of the Or∣der of Premontre (a sort of St. Austin Friars) lived in the XIIth. Century. He was born in a Village near to Cleves, and Son to the Earl of Gennep. His Birth obliged him to be in the Em∣peror's Court, but being soon dissatisfied with that Life, he quitted the Court and a Canonry he had in his own Country, and came to France, where he founded the Order of Premontre, un∣der

• the Rule of St. Austin. The Principal of this Order is in the Diocess of Laon, and Bartholomew, the Bishop thereof, assign∣ed to Northert the Desart called Vosage, whether he retired him∣self about the year 1120; and having got his Order confirmed at Rome in 1126, he was afterwards chosen Bishop of Magde∣burg. He died in 1134, and Pope Gregory the XIIIth. Cano∣niz'd him 1582. The Writings he left behind him are Three Books of his Visions, and Divers Sermons. Surius on the 6. of June. Guilielm. Eisengrenius in Cat. test. verit. Valer. Andr. in Bibl. Belg. Baron. in Annal. See Premontre.
• Nortgow, Lat. Nortgovia. A Province of Germany, between Bohemia to the E. the Danube to the E. and S. (which parts it from Bavaria) Schwaben and Franconia to the W. and Voigt∣land to the N. The Capital of it is Nuremberg.
• * North. The first Noted Man of this Family who appears on Record was Edward, one of the Clerks of Parliament, and Trea∣surer of the Court of Augmentation. In 36 Hen. 8. he was made Knight, and Chancellor of that Court, and had so much favour with the said King, that on his Death-bed he appointed him one of his Executors, and of Council to Edward the VIth. Primo Mariae he was made Baron of this Realm. He was also im∣ployed in a Commission by Q. Elizabeth, about those who made Claims to perform Service by Tenure upon the day of her Co∣ronation. He died Decemb. 31. 1564. at his House called the Charterhouse, near London, and was succeeded by Sir Roger, his Son, who accompanied the Earl of Sussex with the Garter to Maximilian the Emperor then at Vienna; assisted at the Trial of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk; and was by Queen Elizabeth made Treasurer of the Houshold; and died in Decemb. 40 Eliz. being was succeeded by Dudley, his Grand-son, who died Jan. 6. 1666, and was succeeded by his Son Dudley, who was Created Knight of the Bath, An. 1616; married the Daughter of Sir Charles Mon∣tague, Brother to the Earl of Manchester, by whom he had Charles, who marrying Catharine, Daughter to William, Lord Grey of Wark, was in 25 Car. 2. Created Lord Grey, of Rolleston. Sir Francis, Attorney General to Charles IId. Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas, and afterwards Lord-Keeper. Dudley, a Merchant in London, John, Montague and Roger. Dugdale.
• * North-Allerton, a Market and Borough Town of Allerton Hundred in the North-riding of Yorkshire.
• * Northampton, Lat. Northantonia; the chief Town of North∣ampton-shire, is 54 miles from London North-westward, pleasant∣ly seated on the Banks of the Nen, where a small River from the North empties it self into it: fortified heretofore with good Walls and a strong Castle. Whilst the Danes prevailed in this Island, this Town fell under their Fury, and was Burnt by them. It suffered also very much in the Barons Wars; and of late years, viz. Sept. 3. 1675. we had the Misfortune to see it all buried in its own Ashes. But it has been re-built since with so much neatness and uniformity, that it passes now for one of the neat∣est Towns in England. As it is the Shire Town, so 'tis the Place where the County Gaol and the Assizes are kept. It also gives the Title of Earl to the Right Honourable, George Compton, the present Earl of Northampton, devolved to him from William, Lord Compton, Created Earl of Northampton by King James Ist. An. 1618.
• * Northamptonshire, Lat. Northantoniae Comitatus, is a long, narrow, in-land County, stretch'd from N.E. to S.W. and bordering upon more Counties than any other in England. For it has on the North Lincolnshire, Rutland and Leicestershire; on the South Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire; Eastward Cambridge and Huntington Shires; and Westward Warwickshire. In Length 46 miles, and in Breadth scarce 20. The whole divided into 20 Hundreds, wherein are 326 Parishes, and 12 Market Towns; whose ancient Inhabitants were by the Romans named Coritani. The County afterwards making part of the Kingdom of Mer∣cia during the Saxon Heptarchy, and now with Rutland making the Diocess of Peterborough. This County has a good Air, a champian, rich and fruitfull Soil, which makes it so populous that from some Ascents one may discover at a View above 20 Country Churches. In short, Here is as little Wast-ground as in any Place of England. No Mosses, Fells, Heaths or Meers, except Whitering. Besides its bordering Rivers, Nine, Weland and Charwell, there are several others of less note, which do not a-little contribute to its Plentifulness. The principal Commodi∣ties are Grass, Corn and Cattel, wherein it scarce falls short of any Shire. But it is of special note for its abundance of Pige∣ons and Saltpeter. Here is Wellingborough Well, once of great Fame for Curing of Diseases. This County yields the most Parks of any. And for Noblemens and Gentlemens Houses, none goes beyond it. Amongst which Holdenby House, built by Sir Christopher Hatton, formerly Lord Chancellor, was so fine a Piece of Building before it was demolished, that it carry'd the Pre-eminency. Burleigh House, by Stamford, built by William Cecil, Lord Treasurer, has had better fortune, and is still a most stately Edifice; from whence Withorp Lodge is but a mile di∣stant. Next to Burleigh House, for Beauty, is Castle-Ashby, the no∣ble Mansion of the E. of Northampton. The Market Towns are, Northampton the Shire Town, which with Peterborough, Brackley and Higham Ferrers, are the only Places in the County that send Members to Parliament, besides the two Knights of the Shire.
• Northausen, Lat. Northusia, an Imperial free City of Germa∣ny, in Thuringia, upon the River Zorge, between Erfurt to the South, and Halberstadt to the North, eight German miles from either; and is under the Protection of the Elector of Saxony.
• North-Cape, or Noort-Kaep, is the most Northern part of Finmark and of all Europe. There is another Cape of the same Name in Guiana, a vast Country in the South America. Oi∣ther, a Norwegian, was the first that doubled this Cape, and gave an Account of it to Alfred, King of England, about 890.
• * North-Curry, a Market Town of Somersetshire, which stands on the River Tone, and is the Chief Town of the Hun∣dred.
• * North-Elmham, once a Bishop's See, and now but a Village, not far from Repeham in Norfolk. The See began with Edwin, An. 673, but lay vacant the space of 100 years, during the De∣solation of the Danes. After which it recovered it self in the Person of Adulphus, in 955; the Diocess of Dunwich in Suffolk being added to it. Thus it continued about 100 years, till Herfastus removed the See to Thetford, from whence his next Successor, Galsagus, fixed it at Norwich, where it has continued ever since.
• North-Foreland, is the utmost Point of the Isle of Thanet, in the North-East parts of Kent, famous for the great Sea-fight be∣tween the English and Dutch, in 66. Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle having given them a great Defeat off of that Place.
• * Northumberland, Lat. Northumbria, is a Maritime Coun∣ty, and the farthest North in England; bounded on the North with Scotland, on the West with Scotland and part of Cumber∣land, on the South with the Bishoprick of Durham, Eastward by the German Sea. And as the River Twede parts it a good way Northward from Scotland, so the Tine and Derwent separate it Southward from the County of Durham. It's somewhat of a Pyramidal form, reaching from North to South about 50 miles, and from East to West, where it is broadest, 40; the whole di∣vided into six Wards, wherein are 460 Parishes, and but six Market Towns. Anciently inhabited by the Ottadini, making part of the Heptarchy and Kingdom of Northumberland, and now with Durham and part of Yorkshire, making up the Dio∣cess of Durham. Here the Air is pretty sharp in Winter, and sometimes troubled with deep Snows and nipping Frosts suit∣table to its Climate. But yet it is not near so sharp as the Peo∣ple; nor is wet Weather so raw and searching as it is in Mid∣dlesex; which perhaps may be attributed to the warm Breaths that constantly come out of its numberless Coal Pits. For the Soil, it may be said to be one of the worst Counties in England, be∣ing for the most part rough and hilly, and hard to be manu∣red. Yet in some Parts, chiefly towards the Sea, and along the River Tine, 'tis by the great Industry and Pains of the Husband∣man become very fruitfull. Before the Union of England and Scotland there lay much Wast-ground in the North parts of this County, which the Proprietors declin'd to own, only to avoid the Charges of the common Defence. But when the Borders became safe and peaceable, every one put in for his Right of Inheritance. And whereas formerly it had few Gentlemens Houses but what were built more for Strength than State; here are now many Houses built more for State than Strength. What remains is to speak of the greatest Wealth of this Coun∣ty, which they digg out of their Coal Pits, most of them from 30 to 50 fathoms deep; and for this sort of Work there is a constant Breed of Men who rake their Livelyhoods out of the very Bowels of the Earth, and are in continual Danger either of being crush'd below by a Thrust, or overwhelm'd with sud∣den Irruptions of Water. But in some Pits of Sunderland, in the Bishoprick of Durham they are subject besides to fire-damps, so they call the Inflammation of the Air in those subterraneous Parts, which being laden more than ordinary with sulphureous Matter, is sometimes apt to catch Fire, and does much Mis∣chief. The Workmen foresee it by their Candles burning blue and blazing more than ordinary, upon which they lay them∣selves flat upon the ground until the Danger is over. New-Castle, Morpeth and Berwick, send each two Members to Parlia∣ment, besides the Knights of the Shire. This County was first dignified with the Title of an Earldom, which ran thro' seve∣ral Families before it came to the Piercies. The first of this Name who had the Title conferr'd upon him being Henry Pier∣cy, Lord High Constable of England, created Earl of Northum∣berland by Richard IId. An. 1377, in whose Family it continu∣ed in a direct Line all under the Name of Henry until the Year 1527, except six Years interruption, from 1463 to 1469, du∣ring which time, John Nevil, Lord Montague, enjoy'd it, in the Reign of Edward the IVth. and after that resign'd it to Henry Piercy, great Grand-child of the first Henry, who had forfeited it to the said King, but it died with his Son Henry, in the Year aforesaid 1527. John Dudley, Earl of Berwick, and Lord Admi∣ral, was the first Duke of Northumberland, who had that Title conferr'd upon him by King Edward the VIth. An. 1551. But it died with him on the Scaffold, being beheaded in Queen Mary's Reign, who restor'd the Title of Earl to the ancient Fa∣mily, in the Person of Tho. Piercy, who was also beheaded. His Son, Henry Piercy, had the fortune to recover it in Queen Eli∣zabeth's Reign, in the Year 1574. In whose Line it conti∣nued, till Joceline Piercy, the Last Earl of Northumberland, who died at Turin in Italy, An. 1670. without Issue male. And four years after the Title of Duke was renew'd by King Charles IId. in the Person of the present George Fitz Roy, his third Son by the Dutchess of Cleveland.

• * Northwich, a Market Town of Northwich Hundred, in Cheshire, seated upon the Wever, and noted for its Salt Pits.
• Norway, Latinè Norvegia, a Kingdom on the North-west Shore of Europe, belonging to the King of Denmark, called by the Inhabitants Norryck, and by contraction Norck, and by the Germans Norwegen, heretofore esteemed the Western part of Scandinavia. It reacheth in length from the entrance of the Baltick Sea almost to the North-Cape, but not of equal breadth; being about 1300 English miles long, and 250 broad. On the E. it hath the Kingdom of Sweden, on the W. the German Oce∣an, on the S. the Sound, and on the N. Lapland. On the East a long Ridge of Mountains always cover'd with Snow (cal∣led Mount Sevo, or Savo) separate it from Sweden. It is di∣vided into five Provinces, Agger-hus, Bergen-hus, Dronthem-hus, Ward-hus and Ba-hus, which last was resigned to the King of Sweden in 1658. The Capital City of this Kingdom is Dron∣theim, in Latin Nidrosia; the rest are Bergen, Opslo, Ward-hus, Tongsberg, Frederickstadt, Saltzberg, Stavanger, and Ba-hus which belongs to the King of Sweden. The Country is mountainous and barren because of the Rocks, Sands and Forests, wherewith it abounds, and the extreme Cold. All the Northern Coast is lined with Isles, of which the chief are Maghero, Suro, Samen, Trommes, Stagen, Loffoten, Hieteren, &c. Near to the last of which there is a Whirl-pool of Water called the Maelstroom, in which Vessels are swallowed up. Upon this Kingdom depend also se∣veral Islands, as Iseland, Groenland, Spitsbergen, the Isles of Fero and Orkney. Their Claim to the two last was resign'd to James the VIth. of Scotland. The Inhabitants of Norway are accused by some as inclin'd to Sorcery, but otherwise an honest, plain Peo∣ple, and are of the same Religion with those of Denmark. The greatest Trade they drive is with Train-oil, dry Fish, and Wood, especially Firr-wood, for the Building of Houses and the Masts of Ships, Tar, Pitch, &c. A Mine of Gold was discovered here near to Opslo, in 1646, but was soon exhausted. Norway had Kings of its own from very ancient time, till towards the end of the XIVth. Century, when Aquin, King of Norway, mar∣ried Margaret, Daughter of Woldemar IIId. King of Denmark, and dying without Issue, left both their Kingdoms to Eric, Duke of Pomerania, the Son of Ingeburga, the Sister of Marga∣ret, of Denmark, whose Successor was Christopher, and after him Christiern, Son of Thierry, Count of Oldenburg, inherited the same, about the year 1448. Saxo Grammat. Albert. Crantz. Hist. Joan. Martin. Chron. Norveg. Pontan. & Meursius Hist. Da∣nica. Suaning. Chron. Dan. Golnitz Cluverius. Sanson. The People of this Country were anciently very formidable, having over-run great part of the Netherlands, France and Britain; and were so terrible to those on the Coasts, that all their Letanies had this Prayer, A furore Normannorum, Libera nos, Domine. They subdued Neustria in France, which from them is called Norman∣dy to this day. Their own Histories add, that they subdued Apuleia, Sicilia, Prussia, Hemi-Gallia and Carelia, where they set∣led Colonies. Tacitus observes, that their Government was an absolute Monarchy, and that they were best pleas'd, when go∣vern'd by Women. Christianity was first planted here by Ola∣us, Son of their King Trigon, An. 995, and propagated by Ha∣rald, in 1018. It's also said, that they peopled Iseland, many of them withdrawing from under Harald Harfager, who redu∣ced all the petty Kingdoms under one.
• * Norwich, Lat. Norvicum, Nordovicum, Ordovicum, Venta Ice∣norum, is the chief Town of Norfolk, and a Bishop's See in the Province of Canterbury; (Norwich, and Norfolk are so called, from their Northern Situations) distant from London 90 miles North East and by East It stands on the River Yare, with so pleasant an intermixture of Trees to shadow it, that both the Pleasures of City and Country do there meet together in a most agreeable manner. In the Year 1044, the Danes, under their cruel King Sueno, first sacked, and then burnt this Town; yet it recovered it self so much, that in the days of Edward the Con∣fessor, here were numbered 1320 Burgesses, who maintaining the Cause of Earl Radulph against the Conquerour, were wasted by Sword and Famine to 560. In the Reign of William Rufus it grew to a Place of great Trading, but afterwards felt much variety of Fortune. By Fire, Anno 1508. By grievous Pe∣stilence, especially in the Year 1348, when the City was almost depopulated. By War, Anno 1174, being then sack'd and ruin'd by the Earl of Flanders and Hugh Bigod. By the dis∣inherited Barons, in 1266. By Tumults and Insurrections, once about the Year 1265, another time in 1446; in Edward the VIth's Reign by Kett's Rebellion. But since that time it has constantly flourished with the Blessings of Peace and Plenty; except in the Civil Wars under Charles the First. It was made a Corporation in the 17th of King Stephen; and a Mayor Town by Henry IVth. in 1403. At present it lies out in Length a∣bout a mile and a half; and about half so much in Breadth. In which Compass it contains about 30 Parishes. It's well walled; has several Turrets, and 12 Gates for Entrance. A City which for fair Building and resort of People, the painfull Industry of the common Sort, the great Humanity of the richer, yields to few in England. Amongst its principal Builings, next to the Churches, are the two Palaces of the Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Surrey, the Town Hall, the Market House, the House of Correction, the Cross, and the Hospital wherein 100 poor Men and Women are maintain'd. Here is also to be seen the Ruins of an ancient Castle of the Saxons building. The Cathedral, first founded by Herbert Losinga, the first Bishop of Norwich, and by him dedicated to the Blessed Trinity, is chiefly remarkable for its lofty Spire. But since its first Foundation, being twice defac'd by Fire, it was repair'd by John of Oxford and Bishop Middleton, who left it in the state it now is in. As for this Ci∣ty's Wealth, it stands much indebted to the Netherlands, who flying from Duke d' Alva and the Inquisition, brought with them the making of Bays, and Says, and other Manufactures. The Bishop's See of Norwich has 1121 Parishes under it in the Counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and is valued in the King's Books at 899 l.—17s.—7d. besides the Tenth of the whole Cler∣gy which amounts to 1117 l.—13 s.—00. To conclude, This City has been made three several times a Title of Civil Honour, first in the Person of Edward, Lord Denny of Waltham, cre∣ated Earl of Norwich by King Charles I. An. 1626. which Title after his Death was conferr'd upon George Goring, Baron of Hurst Pierrepont, who left it to his Son Charles, with whom it died. But An. 1672 it was reviv'd again by Charles II. upon his Grace, Henry Howard, the present Duke of Norfolk, then cre∣ated Earl of Norwich and Earl Marshal. So that besides the Ti∣tle of Duke of Norfolk, his Grace is Earl of Arundel, Norwich and Surrey.
• Nostradamus (Michael) A Physician and famous Astrologer, in the XVIth. Century, was born at Salon, or as others at St. Re∣my in Provence. It is said that his Grandfather by the Mother's side, who was of the same Town of St. Remy, made him in Love with Astrology. He studied first at Montpelier, and after, having finished his Studies, travelled to Tholouse and Bourdeaux. And upon his return to Provence, in 1555, published his Prophetical Centuries, which were at that time in so great esteem that King Henry II. of France, could not be satisfied without seeing the Author of them; upon Notice whereof the Count of Tende, Go∣vernour of Provence, sent him up to Paris, where the King was so well pleased with his Company, that he bestowed several Gifts upon him, besides a summ of 200 Golden Crowns; and, not con∣tent to have seen him himself, sent him to the Princes, his Sons, at Blois. Charles IX. also honoured him with the Marks of his Fa∣vour as he passed through Provence. Nostradamus died the second of July, 1566. being 62 years of Age, 6 months, and 17 days, at Salon, where he was buried in the Church of the Cordeliers, with this Epitaph engraven on Marble, D. M. Ossa clarissimi Mi∣chaelis Nostradami, unius omnium mortalium Judicio digni, cujus penè divino calamo, totius orbis, ex astrorum influxu, futuri eventus conscriberentur, &c. Authors judge differently concerning the Knowledge and Skill of this Astrologer; Stephanus Jodellus, who was no Admirer of Astrology, gives this witty Character of him:

  Nostradamus cùm falsa damus, nam fallere nostrum est, Et cùm verba damus, nil nisi nostra damus.

  He was the Father of Caesar Nostradamus, who published his Works, wherein we find a short Account of the Life of this Astrologer, the Brother of John Nostradamus, who was an Ad∣vocate of the Parliament of Aix, and writ The History of Provence, and The Lives of the Poets of that Country. Spond. Beuche.
• Notaries of Rome, since called Protonotaries. It is said that, during the Persecutions of the Primitive Church, St. Clement, the Disciple of the Apostles, appointed seven Notaries for the 14 Quarters of the City of Rome, whose Office was, to set down in Writing the Particulars of the Imprisonment and Deaths of the Martyrs. And after this, St. Fabian appointed seven Sub-deacons, to have an eye over those Notaries, and take care of their faithfull discharging this their Duty, obliging them to put their Acts into the hands of those Deacons, that they might present them to him, and to the Popes his Succes∣sors, as was already practised in the time of Anterus, his Prede∣cessor, of whom it is said, that he took great Care to have these Registers of the Notaries brought to him, and laid up amongst the publick Church Records, to be there faithfully kept for po∣sterity. Du Sassay.
• * Nothatus Vth. King of Scotland, placed upon the Throne by the People after his Brother Dordanella's Death, who left a Son, but not of Age to govern. Nothatus made the Govern∣ment Arbitrary, which until then was moderate, and govern'd by Laws; punished high and low promiscuously, with Forfei∣ture of Goods, Banishment, &c. So that scarce any thing could be added to his Cruelty. Whereupon Dovalus of Galway, an ambitious Man, looking upon that Opportunity as seasonable for him to advance himself, by reason of the Peoples hatred against their King, and knowing also that his own Life was aim'd at; resolves to prevent the Danger. Having gathered to∣gether a great number of his Vassals and Friends, he upbraids the King with the Slaughter of the Nobility and Seizure of Estates, and desires he should restore the Kingdom, which he was not able to manage, to the right Heir. Nothatus thus affronted, con∣trary to his expectation, remitted nothing of his Stoutness, but answered, he would maintain what he had done by his Prero∣gative, and that, if he had carried it somewhat despotically, it was to be imputed to the Contumacy of the Subject, not his own Disposition. These Taunts encreased the Animosities, so that they fell at last to Blows; and Nothatus was slain by Dovalus and his Partisans, after he had reigned 20 years, about An. Mun. 3715. Buch.

• Noto, Lat. Nea, Netum, Neetum. A City of Sicily of great An∣tiquity, and at this time great, well inhabited, and the Capital of the Province, called by its Name, il Val di Noto, which is one of the three parts into which Sicily is divided, and lies on the South side of the Island, having on the North il Val di De∣mona, on the West il Val di Mazara, and on the South the A∣frican Sea. The City Noto is encompassed with high Rocks and steep Valleys, 8 miles from Sea, towards the mouth of the River Abiso, near Cape Passaro, 15 from Pachyno to the S. W. and 25 from Syracuse to the S. The other Cities of this Province are, Saragossa, Augusta, Terra nova, Motica, Camarana, &c.
• Notteburg, Lat. Notteburgum, the Capital of Ingria, a Pro∣vince of Sweden, seated on an Island in the Lake of Ladoga, on the Confines of Moscovy, called Oreska by the Russians, which word signifies a Nut, from whence also the German word Notteburg is derived. It is a very strong Place by its situation, yet Gustavus Adolphus took it from the Moscovites in 1614.
• * Nottingham, Lat. Nottinghamia, the chief Place of Not∣tinghamshire, is 94 m. from London North-west. 'Tis seated upon a Hill, on the North side of Lean, a small River which falls a mile from hence into the Trent; consists of three Parishes, and drives as good a Trade as most in-land Towns. 'Tis, in short, one of the neatest Towns in England, set out with good Houses, fair Streets, and as handsome a Market Place as any. But of most Fame for its Castle, which for Strength, Prospect and Stateliness, did formerly challenge the Precedency of most in England. One thing Speed remarks of this Town which is worth our taking notice of, viz. The many strange Vaults hewed out of the Rocks under the Castle. One of them of spe∣cial note for the Story of Christ's Passion ingraven in the Walls, and cut by the Hand of David King of Scots, when a Prisoner here. Another to this day called Mortimer's Hole, wherein the Lord Mortimer was apprehended in the Nonage of King Edward the IIId. with Stairs and several Rooms cut out of the Rocks. The same is to be seen in other places near the Castle, viz. Dwel∣ling-houses with winding Stair-cases, Room above Room, with Chimneys and Windows all wrought out of the solid Rock. Lastly, Nottingham has been a long time noted for being digni∣fied with the Title of an Earldom in several Noble Families. An. 1597, the Title being vacant by the Death of Henry Fitz Roy, Base son of King Henry VIIIth. Queen Elizabeth confer∣red it upon Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham, Lord Admiral, descended by the House of Norfolk from the Mowbrays, Earls of Nottingham. It went from him to Charles, his second Son, and from this to his Son Charles, who dying without Issue, at the latter end of King Charles the Second's Reign, the Title of Lord Effingham fell by Inheritance to the Right Honourable Francis Howard, Eldest Son of Sir Charles Howard, and that of Earl of Nottingham was conferred by the said King upon Hene∣age Finch, Lord Chancellor of England, now enjoyed by his El∣dest Son, the Right Honourable Daniel Finch, Principal Secre∣tary of State. The Danes held out Nottingham Castle against three Saxon Kings, and forced them to Peace.
• * Nottinghamshire, Lat. Nottinghamiae Comitatus, an in-land County of England, has Yorkshire on the North, Leicestershire on the South, Lincolnshire Eastward, and Derbyshire Westward. The River Trent parts it some miles from Lincolnshire, and the Er∣wash from Derbyshire. Its form is oval, from North to South 38 miles, from East to West 20, the whole divided into eight Wapentakes or Hundreds, wherein are 168 Parishes, and 10 Market Towns. Its ancient Inhabitants were the Coritani, so called by the Romans. The Country a Province of the Heptar∣chy Kingdom of Mercia, and now in the Diocess of York. The Soil is by Nature it self divided into two parts, Sand and Clay, which supply the defects one of another. Westward is Sher∣wood Forest, stock'd not only with Wood, but Pit-Coal and Plenty of Game. The Commodities wherein this County does excel are, Liquorice, which grows in the West near Worksop, and is counted the best in England. Here is also a sort of Stone sof∣ter than Alabaster, which being burn'd, makes Plaister harder than that of Paris. This County has given Birth to a great num∣ber of Famous Men, who will be spoken of in their proper places. Amongst the Market Towns, Nottingham, Newark and Eastret, send each two Members to serve in Parliament, besides the two Knights of the Shire.
• * Nova-Anteguera, a City of New-Spain, in America, and Province of Oaxaca, 80 Spanish Leagues E. from Mexico, 17 from the North to the South Sea, and 17 from Vera Cruz. It's but of a small extent, and thinly inhabited, yet a Bishop's See and Suffragan of Mexico ever since 1535.
• Nova-Guinca: See Guinea.
• Novara, Lat. Novaria, a City of Italy, which formerly was the Capital of Insubria. It is now a part of the Dutchy of Milan, and a Bishop's See under that Archbishop, and the Chief of a small Territory called by its Name, very strong, and can shew many ancient Roman Inscriptions as Testimonies of its Anti∣quity. It stands 25 miles from Milan to the W. and ten from Turin, in a well watered and fruitfull Soil. It is famous for the Birth of Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris, Master of the Sen∣tences. Near this Place Lewis Sforza, Duke of Milan, was taken by the French in 1500; but twelve years after, as the French were besieging this City, the Swisses falling upon them by night, gave them a great Overthrow. In 1515 the French drove the Swisses out of Novara, but they re-took it again in 1522, and two years after the City was delivered to Sforza. It is sea∣ted on an Ascent, and well fortified.
• * Novatianus, whom Greek Authors for the most part con∣found with Novatus, of a Stoick Philosopher became a Christian, as he was taken desperate ill, but when perfectly recovered nei∣ther did what the Ecclesiastical Law required, nor was confirmed by the Bishop, which tho' the People and Clergy objected, yet he was made Priest. In 257, Cornelius being chosen Pope, after Fa∣bian's Death, he was disgusted, so that having drawn such as had fallen from Cyprian and several Roman Confessors on his Side, he sent for three silly and ignorant Bishops of Italy to Rome; and having shut them in, got them, in their Cups, to ordain him Bishop of Rome, wherewith he acquainted the infe∣rior Church, dispatching Letters on every Side, and sending his new Companions, whom Cyprian calls Apostles, to proselyte the unwary and credulous, making his Brethren take this Oath, I swear by the Body and Bloud of Christ, that I will never desert you, nor return to Cornelius. But these Artifices availing him lit∣tle, he broached his Errors about Penance, affirming, That such as had once fallen were never after to be received into Com∣munion; but to be left wholly to God's Judgment. It's not certain where, nor when he died. Cyprian describes him thus, in his 57th. Epistle to Cornelius, A Deserter from the Church, E∣nemy to Mercy, Destroyer of Penance, Teacher of Pride, Corrupter of Truth, and Bane of Charity. Cave Hist. Liter.
• Novatus was a Priest of Carthage, as appears by the LIId. Letter of St. Cyprian, of the Oxford Edition; he had been sum∣moned to appear before his Bishop in 249, being accused of ha∣ving spurned his Wife whilst she was big with Child, and cau∣sed her thereby to miscarry; but the Persecution raised by De∣cius having obliged St. Cyprian to withdraw himself, Novatus by this means was delivered from the fear of appearing before him; and not long after joined himself to Felicissimus, a Dea∣con, and began to maintain, that Persons who had fallen into any open sin, ought to be received into Communion without the imposing of any Penance. However, some time after, be∣ing gone to Rome, he joined himself to a Party who were of a quite contrary Opinion; and at last returned to Africa; but what became of him aftewards is not known. See the Annales Cyprianicae of our Country-man, Dr. Pearson, and the Life of St. Cyprian. in XIIth. Tom. of Univers. Biblioth.
• Noue (Francis de la) surnamed Bras-de-fer, or Iron-Arm, a Gentleman of Bretaigne in France, was not only a great Com∣mander, but a very good and honest Man, and signaliz'd him∣self upon all occasions by his Prudence, Vertue and Valour. He was born in 1531, of Francis de la Noüe and Bonaventura l'E∣spervier. In his youth he travelled into Italy, and bore Arms there, and at his Return to France embraced the Reformed Religion, which had taken great root in Bretaigne since the Year 1557. The Sieur De la Noüe, saith Morery, performed extraordinary Services to those of his Party; and tho' an Huguenot, yet it can∣not be denyed, but his Probity, his Valour, and his Wisdom, were always had in admiration by the Catholicks. He had a tolerable in-sight into good Authors, and ingenuous Literature. He was courageous, vertuous, liberal, and ready to oblige, and doe good Turns to all Persons whatsoever. He took Orleans from the Roman Catholicks the 28 of September, 1567, and cha∣sed thence the Popish Governour, who had retrench'd himself at a Gate of that City. He commanded the Rear-guard at the Battle of Jarnac, 1569, and assisted in a Thousand Occasions, in all which he gave evident Marks of a wonderfull Prudence, and surpassing Generosity. The Protestants had made him Go∣vernour of Macon, which the Duke of Nevers took from him. After the Battle of Jarnac, la Noüe attack'd a Fort which Puy Gaillard, a Roman Catholick Captain had built at Alenzon; who being informed thereof, gathered some Forces, and set upon la Noüe, but was defeated by him; who afterwards took Fontenay, Oleron, Marennes, Soubise and Bronage. It was at the taking of Fontenay in Poitou, that he received a Shot in his left Arm, that broke the Bone, which being cut off at Re••••••, be go•• an Iron Arm made in stead of it, whi•••• ••••ve him the Name of Iron-Arm, and with which he made a shift to hold his Horse Bridle, and to be as active as before. In 1571 he was sent to Genlis in the Low-Countries, where he suprized Valenciennes. At his re∣turn to France, after the Parisian Massacre, the French King sent him to Rochel, and he was Commander in chief there, in 1573. From the year 1578 he followed the Duke of Alenzon into the Low-Countries, who sent him with 3000 Men to the Assistance of the States, for whom he performed great Services. Philip of Melun, Marquess of Risburg, took him Prisoner 1580, in an en∣counter near to the Castle of Ingelmonster; la Noüe having a lit∣tle before taken Ninove, and the Count of Egmont, who was then in the Place. The Spaniards express'd an extraordinary Joy for their having taken this great Commander, and did not restore him to his Liberty, till the year 1585, in Exchange of the said Count of Egmont, and a Ransom of 100000 Crowns besides. At the be∣ginning of the Wars of the League, he retired to Geneva, where William Robert de la Marc, Duke of Bouillon, Prince of Sedan, &c. died, leaving his Sister, Charlotta, Heiress of his Estate, and made la Noüe Executor of his Last Will, Guardian of the Prin∣cess, and Governour of his Sovereign Territories. But divers reasons hindring him from taking a Journey to the Low-Coun∣tries, so soon as he had desired, the Princess his Pupil in the mean time was almost oppress'd; whereupon he exerted his utmost

• diligence to retrieve her Affairs. As he was thus employed the King of Navarre, who had joyned himself with King Hen∣ry IIId.. sent for him, together with the Duke of Longueville, to go and meet some Succours which Sanci was bringing from Switzerland, which was a little before the King's Death. Af∣ter which la Noüe continued his Services to Henry the Great, and was kill'd at the Siege of Lambale, in the year 1591; for as he was got up a Ladder, to spy what they were doing in the Place, he was wounded in the Head with a Musket-shot, of which he died some days after, being almost equally lamented by his Friends and Enemies; a Man wonderfully great in War, and yet greater for his Vertue and Goodness. He was of an ancient and noble House in Bretaigne, and married Margaret de Peligny, by whom he had Odet de la Noüe, and a Daughter mar∣ried to the Marquess of Moussaie. His Sons were Heirs of his good Qualities. Moses Amyraldus in the Life of de la Noüe. San. Marthan. in Elog. Doct. Gall. Thuan. d'Avila. Strada. Mezeray. Dupleex.
• Nove (Paul de) Doge of Genoua, was a Dyer by his Trade, whom in 1506 the Genouese, revolting from France, chose to be their Duke, but Lewis XIIth. having reduced them to their du∣ty, and seized de Nove, caused him publickly to be beheaded. Monstrelet Chron.
• * Novellaro, a fine and pleasant Town of Italy in lower Lom∣bardy, between Mantua and Modena, subject to a Count of the Family of Gonzaga. It stands ten Miles N. of Regio, and twenty N. W. of Modena. Long. 31. 12. Lat. 44. 27.
• Novelon, Bishop of Soisons, he took upon him the Croisade for regaining the Holy Land, and after the taking of Constanti∣nople by the French in 1203, he was one of those who were no∣minated to chuse an Emperour. In 1204 he had the Arch∣bishoprick of Thessalonica conferr'd upon him: He died at Pa∣ris about the Year 1207. Herman lib. 1. de Mirac. St. Mariae laud. San. Marth. Gall. Christ. Du Cange. observ. sur vill. Hard.
• Novemviri, the IX. Magistrates of Athens so called, whose Government lasted but for one Year; the first of which number was called Archon, or Prince, the second Basileus or King, the third Polemarchus or General of the Army; and the six others were called Thesmothetae or Legislators. They took an Oath ex∣actly to observe the Laws, and in case of failure, oblig'd them∣selves to bestow upon the Commonwealth a Golden Statue as big as themselves. Those who discharged their Office with Honour, were afterwards receiv'd into the number of the Se∣nators of the Areopagus. Plutarchus in Solon and Pericles.
• Novendiale, a Sacrifice which the Romans continued for nine Days to divert the mischiefs wherewith they were threat∣ned by Prodigy, and to appease the Anger of the Gods, in which case the Senate used to send an Order to the High-priest or Praetor of the City, for the observation of this Solemnity. Tullus Hostilius the fourth King of Rome, was the first Institu∣tor of these Sacrifices, after that he had been informed of the prodigious Hail which fell upon Mount Alban in the Country of Latium, the bigness and hardness whereof made them to be taken for Stones. Titus Livius.
• Novensiles, certain Gods thus called by the Romans, either because they were of short standing, or nine in number, as Health, Fortune, Vesta, Hercules, Romulus, Esculapius, Bacchus, Aeneas and Faith; or, that they thought they presided over No∣velties and Changes. Others will have it, That this was a Name given to the nine Muses. Lil. Girald. de Syntagm. Deor.
• * Novibazar, Lat. Novus Mercatus, one of the chief Cities of Servia, in the Principality of Hersegovina subject to the Turks. It's situate on the River Orasca, 52 Miles W. of Nissa, and 115 S. E. of Belgrade. Long. 43. 56. Lat. 43. 12.
• * Novigrad, a small but very strong Town of Upper Hun∣gary in the County of Zolnock, now subject to the Emperour, situate about a Mile from the Danube, five Leagues N. E. of Gran, 4 from Vaccia. Long. 40. 7. Lat. 48. 00. It's defended by a Castle built upon a Rock, and encompassed with a Ditch four and thirty foot deep, cut in the same Rock, which makes it almost impregnable. In 1594 the Germans took it from the Turks, who retook it in 1663, but is now again under the Emperour.
• * Novigrad, a Town and Castle in Dalmatia, the Castle built upon a Bay of the same Name, twenty Miles E. of Zara and five and twenty N. of Sebenico. It belong'd to the Veneti∣ans, but now is under the Turks, who made 'emselves Masters of it in 1648.
• * Novigradt, a handsome Town with an impregnable Castle in the Province of Rascia in Servia, subject to the Turks. It stands on the Danube 40 English Miles W. of Widen, 74 N. of Nissa, and 108 E. of Belgrade. Long. 45. 8. Lat. 45. 5.
• * Novogorod Nissi, or the Lower, a large and populous Town of Moscovy; situate upon the River Volga, where it re∣ceives the Occa, 100 German Miles N. E. of Mosco, and 40 S. E. of Wologda. Long. 69. 25. Lat. 58. 00. This Town is very strong, and the Boundary of Christendom, on that side, the Crim Tartars being their Neighbours. The Country about it healthful and very plentiful.
• Novogorod Veliki, Lat. Novogardia Magna, called by the Germans Neugarten, is a great City of Moscovy, Capital of a Prin∣cipality of the same Name, and an Archbishop's See, seated in a spacious Plain upon the River Wolkow or Volga, which issu∣eth from the Lake of Ilmen, the most beautiful of Europe, a∣bout a Mile above the City, and traversing the Lake Ladoga falls by Notteburg, and the Gulf of Finland into the Baltick Sea. This River is the chief cause of the Wealth and Greatness of the City, as being Navigable from its Fountains, almost to the Baltick, which has made this place the chief for trade of all the North, being frequented on that account by the Livonians, Swedes, Danes, Germans, and H••llanders. It formerly enjoyed also many great Privileges under a Prince of their own, who had no dependance on the Great Duke of Moscovy, and was be∣come so rich and powerful, that it was a common Proverb a∣mongst them, Who can oppose God, or the great City Novogo∣rod? It hath formerly for its bigness been compar'd to Rome, but is not so great now as it hath been, tho the number of its Steeples make a great show at a distance; for besides Churches it contains no less than seventy Monasteries. The Buildings are all of Wood after the manner of the Russians. Vithold, Great Duke of Lithuania, was the first, who in 1427 oblig'd this City to pay a Tribute of 200000 Crowns. John Basilowitz Grotsdin Tyrant of Moscovy made himself Master of it in 1477, and placed a Governour in it; and some time after came in Person and plundered the City, carrying away with him to Mosco 300 Wagons laden with Gold, Silver, and precious Stones, and other rich Goods and Furniture; to which place he also transported all the Inhabitants of Novogorod, and sent Moscovites to inhabit their City. John Basilowitz, Great Duke of Moscovy, in 1569, upon a bare groundless suspicion of their designing to revolt, slew or cast into the River 2770 of its Inhabi∣tants, besides a vast number trodden to death by a Party of his Horse let in upon them. After having plunder'd the rich Church of Sancta Sophia, and all the Treasures of the other Churches, he also pillag'd the Archbishoprick, and then Com∣manded the Archbishop to ride upon a white Horse with a Fiddle tied about his Neck, and a Flute in his Hand; and in this posture conducted him to Moscow, where he was quit with this disgrace, but the Abbots and Monks were all cut to pieces or drowned. This City was taken by the Swedes in 1611, and restor'd to the Russians in 1634. In 1664 it was Populous, and a place of good Trade, encompassed with a Timber Wall, well stor'd with Ammunition and Brass Ordinance, and defended by a Castle. Here was anciently an Idol worshipped in the form of a Man, with a Thunderbolt in his Hand, call'd in their Lan∣guage perun or Thunder; in whose Temple the Priests were oblig'd to keep a perpetual Fire with Oaken Timber, on pain of Death. This Dutchy once the greatest in Russia, was assign'd by Lot to Ruruk Varegus their first Duke, whose Po∣sterity inlarg'd their Dominions as far as the Greek Empire on one side, and Norway on the other. Novogorod is an hun∣dred and five German Miles from Moscow, to the N. W. six and forty from Pleskow to the E. and forty from Narva to the S. E. Long. 50. 00. Lat. 58. 23.
• Novogrod, or Novogrodek, called Litawiski: Lat. Novogroda, Novogardia, a City of Lithuania, under the Crown of Poland, the Capital of a Palatinate of the same Name, in which the Diet of Lithuania ought by turns with Minsko to be held: It stands scarce four Polish Miles from the River Nie∣men, and twenty from Vilna to the S. The Palatinate of No∣vogrodek lies between Polesia to the S. and Polachia to the W. in which, besides the Capital, are the Cities of Wolkowiska, Lakowicz, Mir, Slonim, &c. This City is large, but all built of Timber.
• Novogrodek Seviersky, Lat. Novogardia Severia, a City of Lithuania formerly under the Poles, now under the great Duke of Moscovy. It stands upon the River Dezna, seventeen Polish Miles from Czernichou to the N. E. forty six from Kiovia, and the same distance from Smolensko to the S. and is the Capital of a Dukedom.
• Nour-Mahal, Queen of the East-Indies, and Wife of Jehan∣guir, Great Mogul in 1620. She had two Names, Nour-Gehan∣begum, i. e. The Light of the World, and the other Nour-Mahal, The Light of the Seraglio. This Queen being very ambitious, us'd her utmost endeavours to please the King, that she might with the more ease bring about her Designs; and being extreamly desirous to eternize her Memory, she thought she could not better accomplish this, than by causing a vast quantity of Mo∣ney to be coyned with her own stamp upon it, which she ob∣tain'd very dexterously, thus; During the absence of the Sultan Kourom the King's Son, she desired the King to let her enjoy the Soveraign Authority twenty four hours only; which Re∣quest surpriz'd the King, as looking upon it to be of dange∣rous consequence, but yet the greatness of his Love made him at last to grant it to her; and calling all his great Officers into his Presence, commanded them without reserve to obey her, as they did him, for that term of time. The Queen having long before made Preparations for executing her design, by lay∣ing up great quantities of Gold and Silver in those Cities where the Grand Mogul had his Money coyned, and by sending the Stamps secretly to all the Masters of the Mint, who only were acquainted with her Intent, all the great Lords knowing no∣thing of it; she, as soon as she was got into the Throne, dis∣patch'd Couriers to all the Mints of the Kingdom, with orders to coin two Millions of Silver and Golden Roupies (the Roupe of Gold being worth about 40 Shillings Sterl. and the Silver Roupi half a Crown) every one of which pieces represented the

• figure of one of the Signs of the Zodiack on one side, and on the other the King and Queen's Name. The thing was so sud∣denly executed, especially in the Royal City where she then was, that she had not sate above two hours on the Throne, but she caused abundance of these pieces to be cast amongst the Peo∣ple, which were current Money during the Reign of the King her Husband. But Sultan Kourom, called afterwards Cha Jehan, being come to the Crown he caused this Coin to be called in and minted anew. The Father of this Queen was a Persian by Nation, and was in his own Country no more than a simple Captain of Horse, who coming to the Indies to serve the Great Mogul Jehan-Guir, he presently conceiv'd so great a Favour for him, that after having tried his Courage, he made him Gene∣ral of his Armies; but afterward, joining with Sultan Kosrou, eldest Son of the Mogul, who design'd to make himself King by dethroning his Father, he was taken, in order to be put to death, but his Wife and Daughter casting themselves at the Mogul's Feet begg'd his Pardon. The King was so charm'd with the Beau∣ty of his Daughter, that he granted her desire, and made her Mistress of his Affections. Besides the Persian and Indian Lan∣guages, she understood and spoke Arabick, and had a great Spi∣rit, fit to govern a Kingdom. Tavernier.
• Noyers (Hugo de) Bishop of Auxerre in France, who, upon some affront by the Earl of Auxerre Excommunicated him with all his Officers, and depriv'd them of Christian Burial, which so enrag'd the Earl, that he caused a Child to be buried in the Bishop's Hall, and drove all the Clergy-men out of the Cathe∣dral; but at last the Earl was forc'd to buckle to the Priest, and to be freed from the dire effects of his Excommunication, was fain to dig up the Child himself, and to carry it bare-leg'd, and in his Shirt to the Church-yard, and there to bury it in pre∣sence of all the People. This Prelate died at Rome 1206. San. Marth. Gal. Christiana.
• Noyon, See Noion.

• Ntonpi, a Name the Greeks give to Excommunicated Persons, because their Bodies do not rot in the Earth, but swell and sound like a Drum, when they are touched or moved, whereof they give us this Example. Mahomet II. having ••••••••d much of the Efficacy of Excommunication in the Greek Church, sent to Maximus the Patriarch of Constantinople, to procure him the sight of the Body of an Excommunicated Person, to know whether the Report that went concerning them were true. The Patriarch at the first receipt of this Order was in great trouble how to satisfie the Grand Signior's desire; and having communicated the same to his Clergy, some of the most anci∣ent of them remembred, That under the Patriarchate of Genna∣dius there had been a beautiful Widow, who, by the instigation of the Devil, had slandered that Patriarch with endeavouring to debauch her, whereupon he was forc'd to Excommunicate her; and that dying at the end of forty Days, her Body had been ta∣ken up a long time after, to see the Efficacy of Excommunica∣tion, and was found entire, and then buried again a Second time. Maximus being inform'd of the place where she was bu∣ried, sent word thereof to the Sultan, who immediately sent some of his Officers in presence of whom the Grave was open∣ed, and the Corps found whole, but black and puft up like a Bladder. The Officers having made their Report hereof, Ma∣homet was extreamly astonisht at it, and order'd his Bashaws that had visited the Body to see it transported to a Chapel of the Church of Pammacarista, which they did, and sealed the Door of it with the Sultan's Seal; and a few days after, the Bashaws, by the same Royal Order, took the Coffin again out of the Chapel, and presented it to the Patriarch to take off the Excommunication, that the Sultan might be assur'd of the ef∣fect of that Ceremony, which, according to the common re∣port, restor'd the Deadbodies to the condition of the other Corpses. Accordingly the Patriarch, after having read the Li∣turgy, that is to say, the Form of Prayer prescrib'd on this oc∣casion, began to read, with a loud voice, the Woman's Abso∣lution, expecting the effect of it with zealous Tears and Aspi∣rations to God; whereupon, as the Greeks relate, the follow∣ing Miracle was wrought in the presence of a vast crowd of People: There was heard an obscure crackling noise of the Nerves and Bones beginning to resolve, and quit their natural position: Whereupon the Bashaws shut up the Body again in∣to the Chappel as before, to give it time wholly to resolve to Dust; and some Days after, having made their last visit of it, and seeing that the Body was for the most part turn'd to Dust, made their report of it to the Sultan; who, full of astonish∣ment, own'd the Christian Religion to be very powerful. But we must not confound these Ntoupi's with the Broucolaca's, of whom, to this day, there's a great noise amongst the Greeks, for the Ntoupi's, are such Bodies which cannot turn to Dust, because they have not been absolv'd from the Sentence of Ex∣communication; but the Broucolaca's are Bodies of Excommu∣nicated Persons that are animated by the Devil, who actuating their Organs, makes them speak, walk, eat and drink. And withal, the Greeks tell us, That for to deprive the Devil of this Power, one must take the Heart of these Broucolaca's and cut it to pieces, and then bury the Body again. Guillet. History of the Reign of Mahomet II.

• Nuba, the Surname which Gabriel Sionita, and Johan. Hezro∣nita, Maronites, give to the Author of the Universal Geography writ in Arabick, and printed in 1592 at Rome. Scaliger in his Epistles makes mention of this piece, which was translated in∣to Latin, by the two persons above mention'd, and printed at Paris, in 1619. This piece contains a Description of the whole World, especially of Asia and Africa; but his greatest exact∣ness appears in his Description of Arabia, as to which he for∣gets nothing: In the Description of Europe he commits many failures, his own Travels reaching no further than Spain, and is also very faulty in the Proper Names of places. This Ara∣bian Author liv'd at least 500 Years ago, under Roger I. King of Sicily. It is not well known of what Religion he was, tho the two Maronites that translated him, take him to have been a Christian. As for his Country, they suppose him to have been of Nubia, for which reason they have given him the Surname of Nuba, and his Book is called Geographia Nubiensis, which Roger King of Sicily hired him to write, to have an account of places marked on his great Terrestrial Globe, all of pure Sil∣ver, weighing 400 Pounds Greek weight, viz. fourteen Ounces to the Pound. F. Simon.
• Nubia, a great Country in the Eastern part of Africa, which the Inhabitants call Neuba, and by some it is called the Lesser E∣gypt. It lies along the River Nile, and the River Nubia, and is incompast on the North and West with Mountains, between Egypt and the Desarts of Barca, which it hath on the N. the Desarts of Zaarah to the W. and the Upper Aethiopia or Country of the Abyssines to the E. and S. It lies 300 French Leagues in length, and not much less in breadth. Its Capital City is Duncala, consisting of 10000 Houses; the other most considerable are Nubia, Cusa, Guala, Jalac and Susa. That part of the Country which lies towards the Nile is fruitful e∣nough. It abounds with Santal Wood, Gold, Civet and Ivo∣ry; and produces a Poison of that violence, that one Grain of it is enough to kill ten persons. The Nubians are valiant and witty, and the Inhabitants of the known parts of it are addict∣ed to Commerce and Tillage. The Country abounds with Su∣gar-canes, but the People know not how to make any profit of them. The Nubians are govern'd by a King of their own, who keeps considerable Forces on his Frontiers, to secure them against the Incursions of the Turks and Abyssines. * The Nubians trade chi••fly with the Egyptians of Cairo and other Cities of that Country. They sell their Poison a hundred Ducats an Ounce, and the Duties laid upon the Exportation of it makes the best branch of the King's Revenues. Strangers, when they buy of it, oblige 'emselves not to make use of it in the Coun∣try. Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country, as the Birth-place of the famous Nubian Geographer. This Country derives its Name from Nuabia, once its Capital City, which is eighteen days Journey S. E. of Tagua, and 216 Eng∣lish Miles from Somna. The Nubians were formerly Christians, but lost their Religion for want of Preachers and Schools, and sending to Abyssinia for Supplies, whence they could have none, they turned Jews and Mahometans. Their Commodities are Rue, Saunders, Ivory, Civet and Gold. Their Language a mixture of Chaldean, Arabian and Egyptian. Ptolomy. Pliny. Strabo. Joannes Leo Marmol. Descript. Afric.
• Nubunanga, King of Japan, who depriv'd Dairo, to whom that Empire did of right belong, of the Soveraignty, leaving him only the Title of Prince in 1570. His Successor was Taxibo Quaba in 1586, after whom reigned Tarkosamma, who in 1600 made Dairo renounce all his right to the Crown, and took up∣on him the Title of Emperor of Japan. Hornius Orb. Imper.
• Nuca, the last Lord High Justice of Ariag••n. This Judge was a Sovereign Magistrate chosen by the People to maintain their Rights and Privileges, against the Oppressions and En∣croachments of the Kings of Spain, who were fain to swear on their Knees and bare-headed, before this Judge, That they would never attempt any thing against the Rights and Privi∣leges of the Arragonians; and the People had power to present to this Lord High Justice, Complaints and Indictments against the King himself. But the Power of this Magistrate being odi∣ous and insupportable to the Kings of Spain, they endeavour'd by little and little to infringe and destroy it. In 1469 they crea∣ted seventeen Censors or Inquisitors to whom this Lord High Justice was every Year to give an account of his Behaviour, and at last Philip II. of Spain in 1592, besieged Saragossa, which he took, and caus'd this Nuca to be beheaded, by which means he wholly abolished that Office. Hornius. Orb. Imper.
• Nudipedalia, Sacrifices which the Jews solemnized with their bare feet, to be delivered from some great incumbent Af∣fliction, after having continued their Prayers for thirty Days together, and abstain'd from Wine, they shav'd their Heads, and went bare-foot to the Temple, and offered their Sacrifices. The Jews finding themselves oppress'd by Florus, Governour of Judaea, for the Emperour Nero, celebrated this Bare-foot Ceremony with extraordinary Solemnity; Berenice King Agrippa's Si∣ster, accompanying them therein, and appearing also barefoot∣ed in behalf of the Jews, before the Tribunal of Florus, but without success. Joseph. de Bello Judaic. St. Hieron. advers. Jovi∣nian. The Greeks, Romans, and other Nations also observed the like Solemnities, as Tertullian informs us in his Apologe∣tick.
• Nuis or Nuys, Lat. Novesium, a City of Germany in the Archbishoprick of Collen, on the Rhine, where it receives the River Erpt. It is an ancient strong City, and famous for the Resistance it made against Charles the Rash, Duke of Burgundy,

• who besieged it a whole Year. It hath been often taken and retaken during the late Wars of Germany.
• Nuis or Nuits, a little City of France in Burgundy, upon the River Armanson, between Mombard and Tonnerre. Some Authors suppose, that it took its Name from the Ancient Nui∣tones, who were the Builders of it, being a People of Germa∣ny in Confederacy with the Burgundians.
• Nuis, or the Land of Peter Nuits, a part of New-Holland, now New-York, discovered by a person so called, in 1625.
• Numa Pompilius, second King of the Romans, was of Cures, a City of the Sabines, and Son of Pomponius Pompilius. The Romans had so great an Opinion of his Virtue, that immediately after the death of Romulus, they made him King in the Fortieth Year of Rome. He instituted many Sacred Ceremonies, with design thereby to tame and civilize the Salvage Temper of a Barbarous and Licentious People. He built a Temple to Vesta, and appointed Vestal Virgins, who had the care to preserve the Holy Fire. He erected eight Colleges of Priests, and amongst them the Fla∣mens or three Priests, viz. of Jupiter, whom he called Flamen Dialis; of Mars, Martialis, and of Romulus, Quirinalis; the Sa∣lii, Augures, Feciales and Curiones. He erected also a Temple to double-fac'd Janus, which was to stand open in time of War, and shut in time of Peace. He divided the Year into twelve Months, and enacted many good and useful Laws. And to the end that all these Institutions might gain the greater respect and veneration amongst the People, he perswaded them that he conversed by Night with the Nymph Aegeria, from whose In∣structions he received the Ceremonies, Laws and Institutions which he prescribed them. He was married to Tatia the Daughter of Tatius, Romulus's Collegue, by whom he had four Sons, who became the Heads of four Families, and one Daughter married to Tullus Hostilius, who succeeded him. He reigned two and forty Years, and died in the eighty second of Rome. Livy. Florus. Dion. Halicarnassus.
• Numantia, an ancient City of Spain, famous for having waged War twenty Years together, and stood out a Siege of fourteen Years against the Romans, who had unjustly begun the War; and tho' they had not above 4000 Men in the City, yet they forced Lepidus and Mancinus, who besieged them with an Army of 40000 Men, to make a dishonou••able Peace. But at last Scipio the African, after a Siege of fifteen Months took it, but found nothing in it to adorn his Triumph; for the Inhabi∣tants being pinched with Famine, made a great Fire, in which, after they had burnt their Wives and Children with all their Goods, made a Sally upon the Romans, and voluntarily expos'd themselves to their Fury. Pliny tells us, That the Spoil of this Powerful City did not amount to above 700 l. This happened in the 620th of Rome. The Ruins of this City are still to be seen in old Castile, not far from the Borders of Ar∣ragon, about a League from Soria, at a place which the Spani∣ards call Puente Garay. The occasion of the Roman War was no other but the Numantines sheltering the Inhabitants of Segeda their Allies, and interceded for 'em to the Romans, from whom they had made their escape. During the first Siege that the latter laid to the Town, one of the Inhabitants, courted for his Daughter by two young Men equally considerable, and in sus∣pence which to please, told 'em, That he would bestow his Daughter upon him that would first bring the Hand of a Ro∣man; whereupon both the Rivals went towards the Enemies Camp, and finding it in disorder, return'd into the City, and having made all to arm themselves, fell upon the Enemy in their Retrenchments, and surpriz'd Macrinus who thereupon, was forc'd to that shameful Peace. The Senate, to punish his ill Conduct, sent their Heralds to deliver him all naked, with his Hands tied behind his back to the Numantines, who gene∣rously refus'd to receive him. Tit. Liv. Lib. 56, 57. Flor. Lib. 2. cap. 18. Velleius Paterc. lib. 2. Appian. Strabo. Pliny, &c.
• Numenius, born at Apamea in Syria, was a very famous and learned Pythagorean and Platonist, according to Euseb. praeparat. Lib. 11. and the familiar friend of Cronius the famous Platonick Philosopher, as Porphyrius tells us, Lib. de Antro Nymph. in Odyss. His Books 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, are commended by Eusebius de Praep. lib. 14. besides which he writ also 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a fragment whereof is quoted by the same Euseb. Praep. lib. 13. as also some Books 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 quoted by Origen lib. 2. contra Celsum. Some Slanderers having accused Plotinus for attributing to him∣self the Inventions and Doctrines of this Numenius; Amelius, to vindicate his friend Plotinus, writ a Book, De Differentia Doctri∣nae Plotini & Numenii. He lived after Christ according to the Testimony of Theodoret, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Numenius hath this ex∣pression concerning Plato, Quid enim aliud est Plato, quam Mo∣ses Atticissans. It is conjectur'd, that he flourished in the II. Century. We must not confound this Numenius with the Pyrrhonian Philosopher of the same Name mention'd by Laert. Athenaeus. Hesychius. Suidas.
• Numeria, a Heathen Goddess presiding over Numbers and Accounts. Augustin de Civit. Dei.
• Numerianus, Emperour, was the Son of Carus, and Brother of Carinus, who after the death of his Father, was declar'd Em∣perour, but was murder'd by Aper. See Aper.
• Numidia, a great Inland Country of Africa, called Metagoni∣tis by Pliny in the Confines of Libya and Mauritania, supposed to be the same now called Biledulgerid, from the great num∣ber of Dates abounding in that Country. It has the Atlan∣tique Sea to the W. the Desart of Zara to the S. Egypt to the E. and Barbary to the N. Its Inhabitants are a dull, ignorant sort of People, and generally short sighted, occasioned by Sand which the Wind raises continually into the Air: They also lose their Teeth very young by feeding upon Dates. The chief Pro∣vinces and Kingdoms belonging to it are Sous or Soul, Tesset, Darha, Zegelmessa, Tegor Farin, Zeb, Tessen, the Desart of Bar∣ca, &c. The Country is inhabited by Natives and Arabians. There is also Numidia properly so called, which contains the Kingdoms of Bugia and Constantina. Numidia, in former times, was govern'd by Powerful Kings of their own, amongst whom Massinissa, an Allie of the Romans was very famous, who being injur'd by the Carthaginians, gave occasion to the third Punick War. This Massinissa had three Sons, Micipsa his Successor, Manastabal and Gulusta, the first of whom left behind him two Sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal: Manastabal was the Father of Jugurtha, by a Concubine, Jugurtha, being adopted by Micipsa, killed his Brother Hiempsal, his other Brother Adherbal escaping to Rome, which was the cause of the Jugurthan War. At pre∣sent this Country is subject to many Mahometan Princes, which is the cause of the frequent changing of the Names of its Cities. Ptolomy. Strabo. Pliny. Salust. Joan. Leo & Marmol. Descript. Afric.
• Numitor, the Son of Procas King of Alba, who died A. M. 3259, and the Brother of Amulius, whom their Father Procas left Joint Heirs of the Crown, on condition that they should reign Annually by turns. But Amulius being got into the Throne, resolv'd to keep out his Brother and his Posterity, for which end he murther'd his Son Egestus as he was a Hunting, and got his Daughter Rhea Sylvia to be put amongst the Ve∣stals; but she, notwithstanding all his Circumspection, being got with Child, brought forth Romulus and Remus, who kill'd their great Uncle, and restored their Grandfather to his Throne, which was in the Year of the World 3300. Tit. Liv. Aurel. Victor. Dionys. Halicarnass.
• Nundina, a Goddess worshipp'd by the ancient Heathens, who supposed her to have the care of the Purification of Infants: And forasmuch as Male Infants were used to be purified nine Days after their Birth, they derived the Name of this God∣dess from the word Nonus, or the ninth, tho' Female Infants were purified the eighth Day; which Purification was called Lustration by the Romans. Macrob. Saturn.
• * Nun-Eaton, a Market Town of Hemlingford Hundred in the N. E. parts of Warwickshire.
• Nunnez or Nonnius (Petrus) a famous Mathematician of Alcazar de Sal in Portugal, who lived in the XVIth. Century: He was the Author of several Books, whereof the most consi∣derable are, De Arte Navigandi, Lib. II. De Crepusculis, lib. I. Annotationes in Aristot. Problema mechanicum de motu Navigii ex remis. Annotationes in planetarum Theorias. Georg. Purbachil, &c. Resendius in Antiq. Lusitanar. Nicolaus Anton. Biblioth. Hispan.
• Nuremberg, Nurnberg, Lat. Noremberga, a great Imperial free City of Germany in Franconia, upon the Confluence of the Rivers Regen and Pegen, seated at the foot of a Hill, and forti∣fied with a Castle. It is very considerable and famous for its fair Streets, sumptuous Churches, Castle, Arsenal, two Fairs, and its Manufactures, the chief whereof are Toyes and Clock∣works. It has a Territory belonging to it, which lies between the Marquisate of Holach to the W. Culenbach to the N. the Upper Palatinate to the E. and the Bishoprick of Aichstadt to the S. The City stands nine Miles from Bamberg to the S. fourteen from Ratisbon, thirteen from Wurtzberg, and nineteen from Augsburg to the N. It belong'd at first to the Dukes of Schwaben, but afterwards bought its Liberty, which it hath carefully preserv'd ever since 1027. Nuremberg hath also an University, and is accounted one of the greatest and richest Cities of Germany. The Houses are all built of Freestone four or five Stories high, the Streets are broad, and the Market∣places fair and spacious. It hath eleven Stone Bridges (where∣of that built with one Arch passeth for a Wonder) twelve Fountains, 120 Wells, six Gates, every one of them defended by a strong Tower, a Castle built on a Hill, and an Arsenal of five Rooms a Floor eighty Foot wide each, wherein are 300 pieces of Canon, and Arms for ten thousand Men, and a magnificent Town-House. It borrowed its form of Govern∣ment, which is Aristocratical, from the Venetians. The Inha∣bitants embraced Luther's Doctrine in 1506, but tolerate the Calvinists, and the Roman Catholicks have one Church allowed them. They submitted themselves in 1631 to Gustavus Adolphus, who raised the Siege laid to the City by Count Tilly the twenty first of March, and Count Wallestein in August 1632, and in ac∣knowledgment of thi•• great Service of his Victorious Arms, they presented him wit•• four double pieces of Canon, of a pe∣culiar make, and two C••obes, a Terrestrial and Celestial one of Gold Enamel'd, the Workmanship whereof was very admirable. In 1649 a general Peace 〈◊〉〈◊〉 concluded here amongst the Prin∣ces of Germany. Morden•• adds, That this is the best Govern'd Town in Germany. That the new chosen Emperors are to hold their first Diets here. That the Royal Crown, Dalmatick Gown, and Imperial Cloak are kept here. That it was here Maximilian's Wooden Eagle flew a quarter of a Mile and back again. That the Burghers have power to imprison their Chil∣dren, and throw 'em alive into the River. In fine, That it

• was here Charlemaigne design'd to make a Communication between the Danube and the Rhine, by joining the Rednitz and Atmul Rivers, whereby there might have been a Com∣merce by Water from the lower Countries to Vienna, and even to the Euxine; but some Inconveniencies in the Attempt, and his Warlike Diversions made him give over the noble Design. In 1649 a general Peace was concluded here between the Ger∣man Princes. Cluverius Germ. Spond. Conradus Celtes.
• Nusco, Lat. Nuscum, a City of the Kingdom of Naples, in the farther Principality, with a Bishop's See, under the Arch∣bishop of Salerno.

• Nyctelia, Feasts in honour of Bacchus, so called, because they were celebrated in the night; from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which signifies Night, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to sacrifice, or perform any religious Ceremony. These Feasts were celebrated every three years in the beginning of the Spring by Night, with Torches and Wine∣bibbing, and accompanied with the worst of Insolencies and Impurities; wherefore also the Romans forbad the solemnizing of them, because of the horrid Disorders committed at them. St. August. de Civitate Dei. Dempster Paralipom. in Rosin. Antiq.
• Nyenburg, Lat. Novoburgum, a small City belonging to the Dukes of Lunenburg, in the County of Hoyen, upon the River Weser, four German miles from Ferden to the S. and eight from Zell to the W.
• * Nyland, a Province of Finland, having Carelia on the E. Finland, properly so called, to the W. and Tavastia to the N. and is separate from Livonia by the Bay. There are but three Towns of Note in it, viz. Dorgo, Helsingfort and Raseborg.
• Nymphaeum, the Name given to a sort of publick Baths in the City of Rome, of which there were twelve in number, they were Places of Pleasure, adorned with pleasant Fountains, cool Grotto's and curious Statues of Nymphs, which made them very delightfull. Histories tell us of many Places of this kind that were built in Rome and Constantinople, but now devoured by the all-consuming Teeth of Time. Only there is a Build∣ing still to be seen of this kind between Naples and Mount Vesu∣vius in Italy. It is all of Marble, and of a square Figure, and hath only one Gate of Entrance, which by some Steps leads down to a large Grotto pa••'d with Marble of divers Colours, and the Walls are all covered with Shell-work, in a curious manner representing the twelve Month•• of the Year, and the four Cardinal Vertues. The Water of a curious Fountain, at the Entry of the Grotto, fills a Canal that surrounds the Place; and the whole is adorned with the Statues and Pictures of divers Nymphs, and abundance of other pleasant Figures. Rosin. Ant. Rom.
• Nymphaeus, the Captain of a Colony of the Melians (Inhabi∣tants of the Isle of Melos in the Aegean Sea) who settled themselves in Caria, a Province of the lesser Asia, near the City Cressa; the Inhabitants of which City, being jealous of the Power of these Strangers, invited them to a Feast, at which they design'd to murther them; but the Plot being discovered to Nymphaeus by Cephaena, a Carian Damosel that was in love with him, he accepted of the Invitation, on this Condition, That their Wives should accompany them; to which when the Carians had con∣sented; he ordered the Melians to come to the Feast unarmed; but that their Wives should hide each of them a Dagger in their bosoms, and take their Seats next their Husbands; which being done accordingly, when about the middle of the Feast they perceived by some Change of the Carians Countenances, that they were about to give the Signal to fall on; they snatch'd the Daggers out of their Wives bosoms, and killed the Trai∣tors; and by this means became Masters of the City Cressa, and built it a-new. Plutarch. de Virtute Mulier.
• Nymphis, a Greek Historian, born at Heraclea, a City of Pontus, the Son of Xenagoras, who writ XXIV. Books of the History of Alexander the Great and his Successors, and XIII concerning the City of Heraclea, with several others quoted by ancient Authors. He lived about the 600 year of Rome. Aelian. Athen. Suidas. Voss. de Hist. Graec. Gesner. in Bibl.
• Nymphodorus of Amphipolis, a Greek Author, who writ a History of The Laws and Customs of the People of Asia, quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus, which being variously cited by Au∣thors, hath given occasion to the Mistake of Angelus Politianus, who supposed, with others, that Nymphodorus had writ more Books than one, though indeed the Book so differently quoted, be but one and the same, which the Learned Vossius well percei∣ved. Clem. Alexandr. Voss. de Hist. Graec.
• Nymphodorus of Syracusa, a Greek Author, who writ a History of Sicily. Pliny and Stephanus Byzantinus quote both these Authors.
• Nymphs, heathen Deities, whom the Poets feigned to be the Daughters of Oceanus and Tethys; they were supposed to pre∣side over, and have the Care of Waters, and were distinguish'd into Nereides and Naiades; the Nereides took care of the Sea∣waters, and the Naiades of Rivers and Fountains. They gave also the Name of Nymphs to the Country Deities; their Drya∣des and Hamadryades were Nymphs of Forests, their Napeae-Nymphs of the Meadows and Groves, and their Oreades Nymphs of the Mountains. The Opinion of the Greeks concerning Nymphs, as well as their Name, was originally derived from the Phoenicians: for according to the Testimony of Porphyrius, in his Book de Antr. Nymph. all the Souls of Men were cal∣led Nymphes, the word Nymph being the same with Nephesh in Hebrew, which signifies a Soul. For they believed that the Souls of the Dead wandered about the Places where they had taken their greatest Delight whilst yet joined to their Bodies; which gave occasion not only to the Eastern, but also other Nations to sacrifice in Groves, and under green Trees, as sup∣posing them to be the haunts of departed Souls. Thus the Greeks were of opinion that their Fore-fathers, the ancient In∣habitants of their Country, who had lived in Groves and Woods were become Dryades; those that dwelt on the Moun∣tains, Oreades; the Inhabitants of the Sea-shore, Ncreides; and those who had lived near Rivers and Fountains, Naiades. Rosi∣nus Ant. Rom.
• * Nyne, a River in Northamptonshire, which falls at Crowland into the Weland; and waters in its course North-east-wards Northampton, Higham-Ferrars, Thrapston, Oundle and Peterborough, all five in the same Shire.
• * Nyslot, a City of Sweden, in the D. of Finland, the Metropo∣lis of the Principality of Savolaxia. It stands among Lakes and Marshes, 60 m. N. of Wisburg, and 25 E. of Abo, Lon. 51. 35. Lat. 61. 52.