The great historical, geographical and poetical dictionary being a curious miscellany of sacred and prophane history : containing, in short, the lives and most remarkable actions of the patriarchs, judges, ... heresiarchs, ... emperors, ... and all those who have recommended themselves to the world ... together with the establishment and progress both of religious and military orders ... ; [with] The genealogy of several illustrious families in Europe ; The fabulous history of the heathen gods and heroes ; The description of empires, kingdoms ... / collected from the best historians, chronologers, and lexicographers ... but more especially out of Lewis Morery ... his sixth edition corrected and enlarged by Monsieur Le Clark ... now done into English ; to which are added by way of supplement ... the lives ... and writings of the illustrious families of our English, Scotch and Irish nobility ... clergy ; as also an exact description of these kingdoms ... by several learned men ; wherein are inserted the last five years historical and geographical collections of Edmond Bohun ... never extant till in this work.

• Duare, a Strong place of Dalmatia, on a Mountain, near Almissa, often taken and re-taken. It belongs now to the Ve∣netians. P. Coronelli, Descript. de la Morée.
• * Dublin, Lat. Dublinum; in Irish Balacleigh, the Capital City of the Kingdom of Ireland, in the Provinces of Leinster, in a County of the same Name, situate upon the River Liffy, which is the noblest River in all this Kingdom, and maketh a capacious Haven here, at about 20 Leagues distance from Holy-Head in Wales. This City is call'd Eblana by Ptolemy; when or by whom it was first built, is not known; but An∣cient it must be, by its being mention'd by him. Saxo Gram∣maticus acquaints us, how much it suffer'd by the Danes. It was afterwards under Edgar King of England, and Harald Harfagar King of Norway. In 1151. Prince Eugenius III. made it an Archbishop's See, with the Title and Jurisdiction of a Primacy. Henry II. having conquer'd Ireland, sent hi∣ther from Bristol a Colony, whereby it began to flourish more and more, and became the Capital of the Kingdom, the Seat of the Lord-Lieutenant, the Courts of Justice, and their Par∣liaments, strengthened with a Castle on the East side, built by Henry Loundres, a Bishop, in 1220. Near which was a Royal Palace built by Henry II. King of England. It has a College for Students, which is an University of it self, Founded by Q. Elizabeth in 1591. This was attempted be∣fore by Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin, who in 1320. obtain'd a Bull from the Pope for it; but the Troublesome times that follow'd, obstructed that good design then: At the North Gate is a Bridge of hewen Stone built by K. John. It has a Cathedral of great Antiquity, dedicated to S. Patrick the Apostle of the Irish Nation, and built at several times, in which are a Dean, 2 Arch-Deacons, and 22 Prebendaries: There is another fair Collegiate Church in this City, call'd Christ's-Church, built in 1012. and about 13 Parochial ones; so that next to London, it's the largest and best City of the 3 Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, of considerable Ttade, and much resorted to by the Gentry of the Kingdom, especially in Term-time. In more ancient times, this City was govern'd by a Provost; but in 1409. Henry IV. granted 'em Licence to chuse every Year a Mayor and 2 Bailiffs, chang'd into Sheriffs by Edward IV. Thus far Camden. Since his time, it has been extraordinarily enlarg'd, especially these last 20 Years, during the Civil Wars in King Charles the First's time, the Duke of Ormond by that King's Orders deliver'd it to the English, but afterwards endeavouring to recover it, his Army was routed by Coll. Jones, and the Siege rais'd in 1649. The County of Dublin is bounded on the East by the Irish Sea; on the South, by the little Territories of O Tooles and O Brians; and on the North by the County of Meath, and a small River call'd Nanny. The Soil is very fruitful as to every thing but Wood; so that they use Sea-coal and Turff for their fewel. It's well-inhabited, rich, and well provided with Sea-Port Towns.
• Duderstat, the Chief Town of the little Country of Eich∣feld in Germany, on the River Wipper, belonging to the Ele∣ctor of Mentz.
• * Duffus, the 78th. King of Scotland, having suppressed the Depredations committed on the Inhabitants of the We∣stern Islands, by their loose young Gentry, he order'd the Go∣vernors by whose Negligence they had happened, to make restitution to the People, and banish'd many of the Actors. At which their Relations being offended, they Plotted against the King, as a Contemner of the Nobility, and Admirer of Sorry Priests. And at the same time, a Club of Witches at Forresse in Murray, did by wasting his Image in Wax, so wast and torment him with continual Pain and Sweating, that he pin'd daily; and no Remedy could be found till the Witch∣craft was discovered, the Image broke, and the Witches punished. During his Sickness, the Highlanders looking for impunity, plundered the adjacent Countries; but upon his Recovery, he marched against them, and brought the Chief of them to be punish'd at Forress. Donald, the Governor of

• the Castle where the King Lodged, having several Friends among 'em, whose Pardon he could not obtain, did there∣upon by his Wifes Council and Assistance Murder the King by Night, convey'd away his Corps, and Buried it so secretly, that the Murderers were not discovered: And Donald the better to conceal it, killed those that had the Charge of the King's Chamberlin a Fury for their Neglect; But Culenus be∣ing chosen King by the Nobility, and coming Northward to enquire into the Murder, Donald being Conscious of his Guilt, fled to Sea, but being driven back by Tempest, he was brought to the King, and together with his Wife and other Accomplices condignly punish'd. Duffus was Murdered after he had reigned Four Years and Six Months, about An. C. 973. Buchan.
• Duisbourg, in Lat. Duisburgum, a Town of the Duke∣dom of Cleves in Germany on the River Roer, belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg. It was an Imperial Town formerly, but has lost this Priviledge. It is different from Duisbourg, the most ancient Viscounty of Brabant, 3 Leagues from Brussels. Here was held a Council in 927. Where were Ex∣communicated those that had pluck'd out Bennon Bi∣shop of Mets's Eyes. Reginon en la Conti. T. IX. Cont. Guilli∣man, &c.
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  Duke, A Title of Dignity, like that of Earl. The Origin of Dukes and Earls, is referred to the Emperor Adrian, who reign'd in 130, and elected a certain number of Senators to be his Counsellors and follow him every where; therefore he call'd them Comites, that is, Companions. His Successors gave those Counsellors the Administration of the Treasury, Justice, and even the Command of the Armies in time of War. The Empire declining, those Dignities were abolish'd by the Goths, Vandals, and Burgundians; but kept by the French. In the Romans time there were also some Dukes, who Com∣manded the Armies and Governed the Provinces, they were call'd Duces, that is Leaders, or Captains. The French esta∣blished some likew••se in their new Conquests, which they divided into Dukedoms and Earldoms, perhaps to imitate the Roman division. There were Three sorts of Earls in the first Race of the Kings of France, The First had the Admini∣stration of Justice; the Second, the Command of the Armies; and the Third were honour'd with this Title, because of their Birth, or Merit. Each Duke, saith Aymoin, had commonly 12 Earls under him, so that the Dukes in the Army were like Colonels, and the Earls like Captains. Nevertheless, some Earls were Governors of Provinces, and call'd sometimes Dukes, and sometimes Earls. Those Dignities were given by Kings, often at the Request of the People, during Pleasure. But they became Hereditary afterwards by the Authority and Power of the Possessors, since 875. There were but two Marquesses at that time, viz. That of Gothie or Languedoc, and that of France; the first being instituted to defend the Marches or Frontiers against the Saracens; and the second to defend them against the Normans or Britons. The last was chang'd into the Dukedom of France, and annexed to the Crown; and the first into the Earldom of Toulouse. The Quality of Baron is ancient in France, and was given to considerable Lords under the Princes, Dukes, and Earls. The Châtelains, or Lords of Mannours with Royalties, were the ancient Cap∣tains of Strong Places, lesser than Towns, which were the residence of Earls. Now it is either a Title of Lordship with Jurisdiction, or a Name of Office, as in Auvergne and Langue∣doc, where the Châtelains are what they were formerly. As for the erecting of Estates into Dukedoms, Marquisates, Earl∣doms, and Baronies. By the Edicts of Charles IX. and Hen. III. the Estate of a Dukedom must be worth 2000 l. sterl. yearly. The Marquiship must be compos'd of 3 Baronies, and 6 Cha∣telenies; or Mannours, with Royalties united and held of the King only. The Earldom of two Baronies and 3 Chatelenies or Mannours united together: and the Chatelenie is to have an high, middle, and inferior Jurisdiction, &c. Daviti de la France.

  Heiss, Hist. de l'Empire, l. 1. saith, That the Dukes had the Government of Provinces, the Command of the Armies, and the Chief Administration of Justice. They had common∣ly some Earls with them, in Latin Comites, because they were their Assistants, and Commanded in the Duke's absence. The Marquesses were Governors of the Frontiers, call'd Marches; whence they were nam'd Marchis, and afterwards Marquisses. Some Dukes had several Provinces under them, tho' each Duke had but one commonly. Some Earls also had a larger Jurisdiction than others, as the Earls of the King's or the Emperor's Palace, whence comes the Title of Count-Pala∣tines. These did Administer Justice in the Prince's absence, and in weighty Affairs. The other Earls were established in Provinces, or Chief Towns. The Germans name the Mar∣quesses, Markgraves; that is Earls of Frontiers: The Earls, Landgraves; that is, Earls of Countries, or Provinces: and the Governors of Towns, Burgraves; that is, Earls of Towns. Those Qualities of Duke, Marquess, Earl, Landgrave, and Bur∣grave, were originally Titles of Office and Government only, and given but for a time. Afterwards the Property of those Provinces and Towns was given to some Governors for their Life; to others for ever from Male to Male, or otherwise, &c. provided they should defend the Country, and hold it of the Sovereign in Fee.

  This Subject being curious, it is good to observe, That in the Roman Republick, the Generals of Armies were call'd Im∣peratores, or Emperors. Afterwards this Title was given to the Caesars, and that of Duke remain'd to their Lieutenants, who Commanded in the Armies, or in the Provinces of the Empire. The first Governor that had the Quality of Duke, was he of the Rhetick Marches between Germany and Italy, which we call now the Grisons. The Duke or Governor of a Province was one of the two Chief Magistrates; the other had the Quality of Earl; the first managed Warlike-Affairs, and the second took care of Civil-Affairs. They esta∣blish'd 13 Dukes in the Eastern Empire; and 12 in the We∣stern: Those Dukes of Provinces in Germany in the ancient Empire, were Kings before, as Munster saith in his Cosmography, l. 3. c. 20. And their Names were only chang'd, their Power being the same, tho' under the Emperor. There are other Examples of Kingdoms chang'd into Dukedoms by Princes not depending on the Roman Empire; as Suabia, when sub∣jected to Clovis King of France; and Burgundy to Clothaire Hinemar, Ep. ad Episc. Franc. c. 14. describes the Office of the Dukes of Provinces; and we may see in Marculfus and Cassiodorus, l. 7. Var. c. 4. how this Dignity was conferred. Sometimes they were elected by the People. Chopin after Tacitus saith, That the Duke or General of an Army had 12 Earls under him, but nothing certain can be said of their Number. During the Visigoths's Reign, each Province had a Duke, to whom was given a Bishop for an Adjutant in Civil Matters, and an Earl for a Substitute in War. After Clephon or Clephis King of Lombardy's death, the Lombards being weary of Kings, elected 30 of their Chief Captains, whom they nam'd Dukes, and who divided among them the Towns that they had taken. And Autaris, Clephon's Son, being made King 10 Years after, left the 30 Dukes their Authority de∣pending on his own, and transmitted it to their Male Poste∣rity, provided they would bring unto him once in 3 Years half of their Revenue to keep up his Royal Dignities. Sigo∣nius de Reg. Ital. l. 7. In the ancient Historians, that have spoken of the Anglo-Saxons, it is seldom found, that the Name of Duke is us'd to signifie a Governor, or a Magistrate. But in the Authors of the following Centuries, the Names of Duke, Consul, Earl, Prince, and Viceroy, are indifferently used. From the Norman's Conquest to Edward III. the Dukes were no more mentioned; but that King renew'd the Title in his Son Edward Prince of Wales, whom he created Duke of Cornwal 1336; and his 4th. Son, whom he created also Duke of Lancaster, erecting those two Countries into Duke∣doms. Many Lords since came to the same Dignity, because of their Birth, or Services.

  In France the Dignity of Duke became Feodal and Here∣ditary in Hugh Capet's Reign; but there was another also, which was titular only, and during Pleasure. Thus there was a Duke for Lorrain, one for Aquitain, and another for Burgundy; and Hugh, call'd the White, Hugh Capet's Father, was Duke in those 3 Kingdoms; that is, Lieutenant-General, he reigned above 20 Years without Scepter, being a King's Son, Father to a King, Uncle to a King, and Brother-in-Law to 3 Kings. Mezeray, Abr. Chron. An. 955. and 956. There are three sorts of Dukes. 1. Some are almost equal to Kings, as the Dukes of Savoy, Mantoua, &c. 2. Some enjoy the Right of Sovereignty, whose Lands are Feodal and depend∣ing on other Princes, as many Dukes in Germany and Italy. 3. Some are only honour'd with that Title, being King's Subjects, as in France, Spain, and England. None but Prin∣ces of the House of Austria take the Title of Arch-Duke. The Quality of Great Duke is given to two Christian Princes, viz. to the Great Duke of Moscovy, and the Great Duke of Tuscany. All the Dukes in Germany and Italy, are Princes, and for the most part related to Royal Families. Altho' the Count-Palatins and the Marquisses of Brandenburg take place of many Princes, the Quality of Duke is not diminish'd by it; for those Princes are not only Earls or Marquesses, but Electors also, and as such the first of the Empire. We must observe also, That the Princes of Poland, Hungary, and Bo∣hemia, who are great Kings now, had for many Ages only the Quality of Dukes; That the Countries of Athens, Bur∣gandy, Bavaria and Lorrain, had formerly the Title some∣times of Kingdom, and sometimes of Dukedom, with the same Authority; That some Provinces of Spain were Go∣vern'd by some Dukes 1000 Years before Jesus Christ, where they were Sovereigns, when the Carthaginians and Romans attack'd them. The Council of Basil, in 1443. gave the Quality of first Christian Duke to Philip Duke of Burgundy, because his Ancestors had always defended the Roman Ca∣tholick Religion. Now the Republicks of Venice and Genoua, give the Title of Duke or Doge to their Head; but this Dignity is only an Image and Representation of Sovereignty, which is wholly in the Body of Senators; and it is quite different from the first.

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• chifes. In 1645. it fell, after Newbery Fight, into the hands of the Scots; and being left by them the Year following, it follow'd the Fate of the War, as the Parties prevail'd upon each other.
• Du••lach, or Dourlach, a Town of the Marquisate of Bade or Baden, having also the Title of Marquisate. It gives its Name to a Branch of the Family of Baden; and is nam'd Durlacum in Latin. There is a very fine Castle here. See Bade.
• * Durstus, the 11th. King of Scotland, tho' the Son of a most Excellent Father, did abandon himself to Wine and Wom••n, and drove away his Wife, who was Daughter to the King of the Brittons. But perceiving that the Nobles were Conspiring against him, he thought it best to dissemble Repentance, re-call'd his Wife, assembled the Chief of his Subjects, took a Solemn Oath to Reform, enacted an Am∣nesty, committed Notorious Criminals, and solemnly Pro∣mised, That for the future he would act nothing without the Counsel of his Nobles. This Reconciliation being ce∣lebrated with Publick Rejoycings, he invited the Nobility to Supper; and having them altogether in one place, sent Russians who Murdered them every one. Which did so in∣cense those who were not at the Solemnity, that gathering together a great Army, they gave him Battel and killed him about An. M. 4604. Buchan.
• Duslaus, a Name given by the Gauls to certain Devils, n••m'd in Lat. Incubi, or Fauni. St. Augustin, de Civit. Dei, l. 15. c. 22. affirms, That such Spirits taking the Shape of Men, were very troublesom to Women, whom they abus'd sometimes.
• Dusseldor••, the Chief Town of the Dukedom of Monts, or Berg, in Germany, on the Rhine, 5 or 6 Leagues from Cologne and Juliers. 'Tis well fortified, and belongs to the Duke of Neubourg.
• Duveland, or Bevelant, an Island of Zeland, in the Low-Countries, near 4 Leagues in Circuit, and containing many Villages. 'Tis much expos'd to Floods. Guichard. Descr. des Pai••-Bàs.
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  Egyptian Dynasties: The Greek Name signifieth Prin∣cipality. To understand their Origin, we must know, that an ancient Chronicle of the Egyptians, mention'd by George Syncellus, in his Chronography, speaks of the Reign of Gods, Demi-Gods or Hero's, and Men or Kings. The Reign of Gods and Demi-Gods, according to that Chronicle, lasted 34201 Years; and that of Men or Kings, 2324 Years; which makes 36525 Years to Nectanebo, the last King, who was dethron'd by Ochus, King of Persia, 19 Years before Alex∣ander the Great, [that is, in 3704 of W. according to F. Labbe.] That fabulous History reckons 15 Gods that have reigned in Egypt, viz. Vulcan, the Sun, Saturn, Jupiter, and the other great Gods; 17 Demi-Gods, and 15 Kings, to the time it was written. All the Learned agree, that the Reign of Gods, and Demi-Gods, is a Fable invented by the Egyptians, to make their Nation ancienter than the Chaldeans: and that Manetho, a Priest of Heliopolis, who wrote the History of Egypt, by Ptolomy Philadelphus's Order, about 3780. according to the same Computation, has imitated that ancient Chronicle, (which he doth not wholly follow nevertheless, neither in the Number of Gods, Hero's, nor in the Years of their Reigns) to equal the Antiquity of the Chaldean History, in∣vented by Berosus. As for the Kings, all the Historians that have spoken of that Kingdom; as, Herodotus, Manetho, Eratosthenes, Apollodorus, Diodorus Siculus, Josephus, Julius Afri∣canus, Eusebius, and Syncellus, agree that Menes was its First King; and Josephus signifies enough, that he was the First that had the Name of Pharaoh, which his Successors took after him. Those that believe the Dynasties True, say that Menes began his Reign 117 Years after the Birth of Peleg, the Son of Heber, and the dispersion of Men throughout all the World, (which happen'd in 1788. according to F. Labbé.) They add, that Egypt was inhabited by Cham's Posterity, above 200 Years before they were govern'd by Kings: for Cham, the Son of Noah, retir'd thither, after the Division of the World; or, at least, his Son Misraim; therefore Egypt is call'd Cham's and Misraim's Land, in Holy Writ; but there were no Kings till Menes his three Sons divided the Empire; Atho∣tis govern'd after him in the Higher Egypt, where Thebes was. The Second, nam'd Curudes, had for his Share all the Lower Egypt, and perhaps resided at Heliopolis. And Necherophés, the Third, reign'd at Memphis. Athotis, who possess'd The∣bais, divided his Kingdom between his Children; which made two Principalities, or Petty-Kingdoms. In the follow∣ing Ages, many other Sovereignties, call'd Dynasties, were form'd in Egypt, by the Division made between other Kings Sons, or by the Usurper's Power. Manetho reckons three of them; whereof there are seventeen from Menes, the First King of Egypt, to Moses's Government, or his going out of Egypt, (which was, according to the same Computation, the Year 2543.) And thirteen from Moses's time, to Nectanebo the IId's Reign, 350 Years before the Birth of Jesus Christ, (that is, about the Year of the World, 3704. according to that Chronology.) The seventeen first Dynasties are not all successive, that is, they don't follow one another from the first to the thirtieth: for many were Contemporary, or Col∣lateral; that is, did subsist at the same time in different Parts of Egypt. They had seven different Names, viz. of the Thi∣nites, Memphites, Diospolites, Heracleopolites, Tanites, Elephan∣tines, and Xoites. The first resided at This and Thebes; the second, at Memphis; the third, at the Lesser Diospolis, in the Lower Egypt, different from Thebes; the fourth, at Sethron, call'd afterwards Heracleopolis; the fifth, at Tanais, in the Lower Egypt; the sixth, at Elephantine; and the seventh, at Xo••s. They reckon two Families of the Thinites, five of the Memphi••es, four of the Diospolites, two of the Heracleopolites, two of the Tanites, one of the Elephantines, and one of the Xoïtes. The Order, Succession and Duration of those Kings Reigns, is very uncertain. Some say that the first seventeen Dy∣nasties lasted 1039 Years. The thirteen last are not so confused, because they followed one another. They were possess'd by the Diospolites, Tanites, Bubastites, Saites, Ethiopians, Persians, Mende∣sians, and Sebennites. The eighteenth Dynasty was the fifth of the Diospolites. Those Princes, whose Head was Amosis, possess'd all the Lower Egypt; with Memphis, which had for a long time particular Kings. The Higher Egypt only, or Thebais, acknowledged not their Power; because it had almost all along its Sovereigns. The nineteenth Dynasty was the sixth of the Diospolites of the Lower Egypt. Sethos, or Sethosis, is reputed to have been their Head, not different from the Famous Se∣sostris. The sixth and last was Thuoris. The twentieth Dynasty was the seventh of the Diospolites: Nechepsos was its first King, and Vennephes the twelfth and last. The twenty first Dynasty was the third of the Tanites, who became Masters of the Lower Egypt: Smedes was the first, and Psusennes II. the seventh and last. The twenty second Dynasty was that of the Bubastites, who turn'd the Tanites out of the Lower Egypt: Sesunchis was the first King, who had eight Successors, but their Names are not known. The twenty third Dynasty was that of the Tanites, who conquer'd their Kingdom again, under Pitubates their first King, who had but three Successors, viz. Osorthon, Psam∣mus, and Zet. The twenty fourth Dynasty was the first of the Saites, that had but one King, nam'd Bocchoris. The twenty fifth Dynasty was that of the Ethiopians, or Arabians; begun by Sabbacon, who had two Successors, nam'd Su•• and Tarac. The twenty sixth Dynasty was the second of the Saites; be∣gun by Psammetichus, who conquer'd all Egypt: Psammenitus, the sixth King of this Dynasty, was overcome by Cambyses King of Persia, Cyrus the Great's Son. The twenty seventh Dynasty was that of the Kings of Persia, begun in Cambyses (in the Year 3529. according to F. Labbé.) During that time, Egypt was made a Province, whither the Kings of Persia sent Gover∣nours. The twenty eighth Dynasty was the third of the Saïdes, begun in Darius Ochus King of Persia's Reign, (in 3641. ac∣cording to that Chronology,) and had but one Prince, nam'd Amyrt••us. The twenty ninth Dynasty was that of the Mende∣sians, and continu'd but thirty two Years under four Kings; the first thereof was Nepheritus, or Nephr••us; and Nepheritus II. was the last. The thirtieth Dynasty was that of the Sebennites, which continued twenty seven Years under three Kings, viz. Nectancho I. Tachos, and Nectanebo II. overcome by Ar∣taxerxes Ochus, King of Persia (in 3704 of the said Computa∣tion,) and forc'd to retire with his Treasures into Aethiopia. Thus ended the Egyptian Dynasties.

  Those that follow the Egyptian Historian's Computation, affirm, That the thirty Dynasties lasted 2619 Years, from Menes to Nectanebo II. They add, That Menes founded the Egyp∣tian Empire 117 Years after Peleg's Birth, in 2904 of W. and 648 Years after the Flood. That Nectanebo II. lost his Crown in 5523 of W. and 350 Years before the Birth of Jesus Christ. That by the Addition of 350 to 2619, it is found, that the Egyptian Empire began 2969 Years before the Birth of Jesus Christ; and that there were some of Cham's Children in Egypt above 200 Years before Menes's Reign; and that Misraim, the Son of Cham, went thither about 430 Years after the Flood: which makes above 630 Years from the Flood to the first Egy∣ptian Monarchy; and that Number being joyn'd to 2369. makes a Duration of about 3600 Years since the Flood. This agreeth not with the Computation of those, who reckoning but 4000 Years since the Creation of the World, to Jesus Christ, can reckon but 2350 Years, or thereabouts, since the Flood. Therefore they conclude that the Computation of the Sep∣tuagint must be followed, which they believe not much dif∣ferent from that of the first Hebrews; according to which, they reckon above 5500 Years from the Creation of the World to the Birth of Jesus Christ, instead of 4000, or there∣about, which the most part of Modern Chronologers give to that vast space of Time. Pezron Antiquités des Temps.