The last famous siege of the city of Rochel together with the Edict of Nantes / written in French by Peter Meruault, a citizen of Rochel who was in the city from the beginning of the siege until the rendition of it.

1627. July.

A JOURNAL OF THE LAST SIEGE of the CITY OF ROCHEL: Begun the 20. of July 1627.

THe Naval Army of the King of Great Britain, commanded by the Duke of Buckingham, High-Admiral of Eng∣land, appeared first to us upon Tues∣day, the 20th of July, 1627. betwixt Eight and Nine in the morning, to the number of Eighteen, or Twenty Sail: they were then belie∣ved to be Dunkirkers, lying in wait for a Fleet of Hollanders, laden with Salt, which lay in the Road a la Palisse, and before S. Martins, (the Principal Town of the Isle of Ré) and ready to set sail for Holland: Upon their nearer approach, they were suspected to be English, and Sixty or Eighty Sail in number; but of this we were out of doubt, when coming before the Fort La Prée, they saluted it

1627. July. fiercely with Cannon-shot, which they continued that day, and the next, coming to Anchor a la Palisse, before the Point of Sablanceau, one of the Extremities in the Isle of Ré, on that side next Rochel.

On Wednesday the 21. the Rochellers kept a Fast; and betwixt Sermons there arrived in a Shallop (from the Duke of Buckingham) at the Chain, (which is the entrance by Sea into the City) an English Gentleman, called Baker, desiring to speak with the Mayor (for so the Chief Magistrate was called) and to his Council; who having notice thereof, sent the Sieur Prou Sheriff, and Symond Theuinine Advocate, to acquaint him that they were in their Churches at their Devotions in the Celebration of a Fast, and could not that day give him Audience; upon which he returned not a little discontented.

The 22. between Nine and Ten in the morning, the Duke of Soubize (followed by Mr. Baker, A∣gent for the Duke of Buckingham) came to the Gate of S. Nicholas, desiring entrance into the City: The Guard, before the admitting of him, ac∣quainting the Mayor therewith, he immediately repaired thither; and sinding him betwixt the two Gates, remonstrated to him the consequence of his coming into the City; intreating of him, if he desired the good and Conservation of Rochel, and the Church of France, to return to the Duke of Buckingham; but the old Dutchess of Rohan, his Mother (who was some Months before retired hither) coming to meet her Son, after Salutations and Imbraces, took him by the hand, saying with a loud voice, (that she might be heard by the Mayor, and the multitude that were there) My Son, come

1627. July. see your Sister, who is very sick: At which words, without demanding leave of the Mayor, (who found himself surprized, and durst not openly and by force oppose him) he went into the City with her, as did also Mr. Baker, who demanding to be heard in Council, which was held after Dinner, he made this Speech, as followeth:

Gentlemen,

I am sent by my Lord, the Duke of Buckingham, High-Admiral of England, to de∣clare to you the Reasons for which (by the Com∣mand of the King my Master) he is come to the place where he now is, and in sight of you, ac∣companied with a Fleet of Ships laden with Souldiers, Artillery, and Ammunition, ready to make a descent, if occasion require.

It is sufficiently known to the World, how the King of Great Britain, our Master, having Per∣sonally by an Adventure very rare, and by a Pru∣dence exceeding much his Age, discovered before, and since his coming to the Crown, the danger ready to fall upon him, and the rest of Christen∣dom, by the Ambition, Fraud, and Power of the House of Austria, hath used all industry to pre∣vent this danger; and that not only by his own Forces, but also by those of his Allies: to which Resolution, as he hath been pressed by almost all Princes and Estates of Christendom; so none hath done it with more vehemency and efficacy than the French King, his Brother-in-law, and his Mi∣nisters, not only by Arguments, but also by Pro∣mises of Union and Assistance in that Common Cause.

And to conserve this Mutual Interest against a Common Enemy, or suspected Friend, was the reason why the King our Master hath more de∣sired

1627. July. the Amity and Alliance of France, than of all the World besides, hoping by this means to have the Power to divert the thoughts of this Great King from the ruine of his best Subjects, (those of the Reformed Religion) and humbling the true Enemies of his Estate, who keeps from him so many brave Provinces and Kingdoms, possessed by his Predecessors. In the prosecution of which Design, he was willing to have sacri∣ficed all his Interest for Common Good, and se∣curing of Christendom.

But his Majesty hath found by too dear expe∣rience, that being ingaged in a War with Spain, he did not only not receive the favour and assi∣stance of France, which with reason he might have expected, but by expecting it, received more prejudice and hinderances than from Spain it self; and the reason hereof is most apparent, for the grand design of this Estate is to take the advan∣tage of the Ingagement of the King our Master with Spain, to ruine and extirpate at the same time those of the Reformed Religion in France; not that his Majesty will believe that this pro∣ceeds from the French King his Brother-in-law, or the Queen his Mother, being so great Princes, and so nearly Allied to him; but you, Gentle∣men, know better than we the Powerful Influences that the Jesuits and Spanish Faction have upon the Councils of France; which are said to be so strong, that even with a high-hand Affairs are often carried against the King himself; and by the force of this Faction proceeded the refusal of a passage to Mansfields Army (raised and fur∣nished in England, 1624.) at the very instant of their departure, contrary to a Solemn Article

1627. July. agreed upon with the French King for their pas∣sage; by which refusal, the Liberty of Germany hath been betrayed, and twelve thousand English near totally destroyed.

The King our Master having interposed his Ambassadours for appeasing the last Wars against those of the Religion, and (with the consent of the French King himself) becoming Guarrantee for the Peace; and that those of the Religion were willing to submit to harder terms than at that time (their Condition considered) they need∣ed to have done, in hopes that the designs of this Estate would turn against their Common Enemies in Italy; by the Power of this Faction, it is ne∣vertheless come to pass, that not only the Confe∣derates of the King in Italy have been abandoned, but the Arms imployed there, have since been made use of to reduce you to the extremity of Poverty and Famine; of which I need not say more, than that the Complaints of this City, and all the Body of the Reformed Religion do still continue, the Dukes of Rohan and Soubize having represented them to the King our Master. Fi∣nally, when this Faction perceived that all was to no purpose, without prohibiting this City all Trade to Sea, under pretext of an Imaginary Society of Commerce, they have built a number of Ships of War; but doubting that it would be sufficient to their design to fortifie themselves at Sea, without at the same time weakning there the King our Master, by an unexampled and un∣heard of Injustice, in the midst of a full and per∣fect Peace, and at a time when the King our Ma∣ster was deeply ingaged in War, by whch the Assurance and Riches of France increased, they

1627. July. made seizure of 120 Ships of his Subjects, with Artillery, Merchandize, and Marriners; and what other design could they have in it, than to assure themselves of the ruine of this City.

For these Reasons alledged, and many other of the same nature, the King our Master, the most Religious and Pious Prince in the World, setting aside all other Respects than that of his Conscience, hath a Sympathy of your Sufferings, and his own Honour; and finding himself obli∣ged by Promise to procure the accomplishment of the Articles agreed upon, especially being in∣vited thereunto by my Lords, the Dukes of Rohan and Soubize, in the Name of the whole Body of the Reformed Religion, he hath therefore sent hither my Lord, the Duke of Buckingham, who hath gi∣ven me in Charge, to make you an Offer in his Name, of a powerful assistance, as well by Land as Sea (in case you resolve to accept of it) for re∣deeming your Liberty, by joyning with you in an actual War, which he will do upon such Condi∣tions, as you your selves, Gentlemen, and all the World shall acknowledge, that the King our Master hath no Eye to his own advantage, but vour good, the vindication of his Honour, and discharge of his Conscience: for his Majesty is far from pursuing any Demands or Pretensions of his own, or to invade the Territories of the French King, his Brother, with whom he desires to come to a perfect Union, so it may be accom∣panied with the assurance of those in France, who make Profession of the same Religion with him∣self.

If it be demanded, how it comes that the King of Great Britain offers at this time Succours to

1627. July. those of the Reformed Religion, and this City, when being formerly earnestly solicited to it, he would not hearken thereunto; I answer, that the King at that time was not obliged by Promise to take care that the Articles agreed upon by the last Peace were observed; besides, that then the Treaties between these two Kingdoms were in their Vigour and Reputation; and that the King our Master had hopes to be as beneficial to you by his Intercession, as by his Arms; for he well understands, that the Church of God is our true Common Country, and therefore hath been very careful in all his Seizures by Sea and Land, to preserve those of the Reformed Religion, and e∣specially this City, from all damage.

But at present the proceedings of this Estate hath put his Majesty out of doubt, as to their designs, and left him at liberty, by having trod∣den under feet the Reverence due to Publick Treaties; and therefore, if you refuse this op∣portunity, you will hereafter seek it in vain; and in such case, my Lord the Duke of Buckin∣gham hath commanded me to make a Solemn Pro∣testation, before God and Man, that he holds the King his Master in Honour and Conscience fully acquitted from all Engagements, and his Excel∣lency will dispose himself to execute the other Commands which he hath in Charge. God hath in mercy given you the opportunity of making choice of Good or Evil, and I have it in Com∣mand to press you to a ready Answer and Decla∣ration, as to which of the two you will make choice of: You ought to consider, that you may at present resolve clearly hereof, as well as with suspention; and that, as to us, each hour of delay will be very prejudicial.

1627. July.

After this, he presented the Duke of Buck∣gham's own Manifest, Signed by himself, con∣taining a Declaration of the King of Great Bri∣tain's Intentions, as followeth.

WHat share the Kings of Great Britain have al∣ways taken in the Affairs of the Reformed Church of this Kingdom, and with how much Zeal and Care they have laboured their good, is most emi∣nently known to all, the Examples thereof having been as ordinary as the occasions. The present King, my most honoured Lord and Master, had not come therein behind his Predecessors, if his honest and laudable de∣signs, for their good and advantage, had not been per∣verted to their ruine, by those whose interest it was to have accomplished them: What Advantages hath he re∣fused? what Parties hath he not pursued, that by his Alliance with France he might work the more profita∣bly and powerfully for the restitution of the Churches to their Antient Liberty and Splendour? And how could we have expected less from so strict an Alliance, and so many reiterated Promises from the Mouth of a Great Prince, than Effects truly Royal and suitable to his Grandure; but the Issue is so far short of that, that his Majesty, instead of obtaining freedom and se∣curity for the Churches, and a general Peace to France, by the reconciliation of those who breathe after nothing but all sort of obedience to their King, under the en∣joyment of Edicts, hath met with nothing but the con∣trary, some having prevailed by the interest they had in those of the Religion, to the deceiving of them, and that not only by dividing them from him, but also by rendering him, if not odious, at least under suspect with them, in perverting the means that he ordained for

1627. July. their good, to an end wholly contrary. Witness the English Vessels, not designed for the extirpation of those of the Religion, express promises having been given not to make use of them to their prejudice, and yet nevertheless they were carried to Rochel, and im∣ployed ••n the last Naval Fight against them.

What can any expect from so puissant a King as the King my Master, for being publickly illuded, than a Resentment equal and proportionable to the injury done him: But he hath had Patience beyond Patience; and whilest he could hope to relieve the Churches by other means, he hath not had recourse to Arms, until being made instrumental of the last Peace upon Conditions disadvantagious enough, which had never been accep∣ted of without the intercession of His Majesty, who in∣terposed His Credit and Interest with the Churches, even with Menaces, for procuring their agreeing to them; for salving the honour of the most Christian King, and giving him assurance, not only of the obser∣vance of them, but also of the melioration of the said Conditions, whilest he should remain Caution towards the Churches; but what hath been the issue of all this, no∣thing but the abuse of his Bounty, and that which His Majesty thought would have been a Remedy to all their Evils, hath it not carried the Churches to almost the last point of ruine? So little it fails, that by the conti∣nuation of the Fort before Rochel, (the demolishing whereof was promised) by the violence of the Soldiers, and Garrisons in the said Fort and Isles, as well to∣wards the Inhabitants of the said City, as Strangers, who, instead of being intirely with-drawn, have been dayly augmented, and other Forts built, and, by the Commissioners remaining in the said City beyond the time agreed, Cabals have been held; by the means of which Divisions have crept in amongst the Inhabitants, to

1627. July. the opening the Gates to Neighbour Troops, and byo∣ther breaches of the Peace, the said City, and in it the whole Church, hath wanted little of drawing its last Breath; and nevertheless his Majesty hath contained himself, and not opposed such great Injuries and Viola∣tions of Faith, more than by Complaints and Interces∣sions, until having had certain advise (confirmed by in∣tercepted Letters) of the great preparations that the most Christian King made for falling upon Rochel; and then his Majesty could not do less than vindicate his honour, by a ready taking Arms against those that had rendered him as a Confederate in their Fraudes and Treachery, and to give Testimony of the Integrity and Zeal which he hath always had to the establishment of the Churches, which shall ever be most dear and pretious to him above all other things; and that if any shall questi∣on whether this is the only end of his Arms, and not ra∣ther some particular interest, let him consider the Cir∣cumstances of time, and dispositions of his Affairs, and they cannot believe that the King, my Master, hath any design upon France, or can have thoughts of Con∣quest in a time so disadvantagious. That he hath at present for Enemy one of the most puissant Princes in the World; and that if that had been his design, the Troops which he hath on Foot, upon the same account as these, ready to cross the Seas, if the Churches have need thereof, are but a handful of people in comparison of those that are neces∣sary for the Execution of so high an Enterprize.

Who will not judge rather (as the truth is) that these Troops are but Auxiliaries, and that the end of them is not other than the sole good of the Churches, which for many Reasons, and some important Considerations, His Majesty finds himself obliged before God and Man to protect and succour. And if it shall be alledg∣ed that the King, my Master, takes up Arms upon

1627. July. any other Consideration, as in revenge for detaining and seizing of the Ships, Goods, and Effects of his Sub∣jects at Burdeaux, and other places of this Kingdom, contrary to the manifest Agreement and Treaty between the two Crowns, (which is express in this point) and to the irreparable prejudice: Nay even to the total ruine of Commerce, (in the rupture of which the poor people of this Realm, who cannot retail their Commodities, do not only groan under the Burthen of so many Taxes and Impositions, but also under the necessities of Life it self) insomuch, that the apprehension that the King, my Master, hath of the most Christian King's growing Greatness at Sea, hath moved him to this preparation, for the preventing his increasing there, especially being constrained thereunto, as having no hopes of accommo∣dating Affairs. The Answer unto all is this, That whoever will examine the Arrests, Seizures, and Prizes taken on one side and the other, will find that my Master, and his Subjects, have hitherto reaped much more profit by the Rupture, than the French King and his Subjects have done.

But Secondly, The King, my Master, doth so lit∣tle value the Increase of the French King's Power at Sea, that when he shall but think fit to give Letters of Mart to his Subjects, he can, by them alone, dissipate all his vain and feeble Attempts, without imploying to that end a Royal Navy. And Lastly, If it be said that the King, my Master, hath been necessitated to this Arming, as having no hopes of an Accommodation, the contrary will be sufficiently manifest, to all that will consider the many Sollicitations that have been made, as well by their own proper Ministers, as by the Mini∣nisters of other Princes, by their Instigation, to the King, my Master, for an Accommodation; and all this aforesaid bears Testimony for the King my Master,

1627. July. that he hath not been constrained to take Arms for any particular Interest, but solely for defence of the Chur∣ches, for whose Liberty and Security he remains re∣sponsable. And yet, nevertheless, there are some who are so bold as to insinnate, that his Majesty hath a par∣ticular Design, and that he makes use of Religion as a Pretence for forming a Party, that by the means of their Conjunction with his, he may carry on his De∣sign as he hath projected it: But our Religion teacheth us altogether other things; and the Piety of the King, my Master, in which he yields to no man living, will never permit it in him. His Design is the Establishment of the Churches, his Interest is their good, his end their contentment; and this being so, if the Churches desire not his assistance, the beating of these Drums, and dis∣playing of these Colours, shall cease, and the noise of War be buried in silence, for that they appear not other∣wise than for your sake, as they have been advanced for your service.

Given a-Board the Admiral, Wednesday July 21. 1627.

Signed. BƲCKINGHAM.

JƲLY.

This Manifest being read, the Mayor and his Counsel made answer, that they should advise up∣on it; and nominate some to confer with him, which they did, making choice of eight of the body of the City, or Common Council; Eight Free-men and two Ministers to hear the business more parti∣cularly: who having Consulted the Duke of Sou∣bize, and digested all the affair, made report there∣of to the Council.

1627. July. The same day as these things were transacted at Rochel, being the 22d. the Duke of Buckingham approach'd with part of his Army to the point of Sablanceau, and under the favour of his Cann on shooting without ceasing, he made a descent of his troops. Monsieur Thoiras who expected him there with 200 Horse, and 8 or 900 Foot, used all his endeavours to hinder his descent, and put the English into such confusion, that a great Num∣ber were drowned: Nevertheless the Duke con∣tinuing his descent in such sort, that he landed near 3000 men; Monsieur Thoiras was forced to retreat, and the rather because the ships shot upon him with advantage, which obliged him to retire to the next Town called Lafflot, and from thence to the Bur∣rough of St. Martins, leaving upon the place about 300 foot, and of the horse about 80 among which was found; his Brother Monsieur Restingliers the Baron Navails, Chantail, and Tablier; for which, as also, for the Officers of the Infantrie, he sent the next morning by a Trumpiter, desiring them of the Duke of Buckingham, who granted his request: And as to the English, this action cost them near 500 men; but above all Monsieur Blancard, a Gentle∣man of rare merit, who had negotiated all this affair, and was as the soul that moves all the mem∣bers, insomuch that the English losing him, they found themselves Stripped of their Principal Coun∣sellor.

The 23d the Council assembled in the City-Hall to hear the report of their Commissioners; It being ordered formerly, that nothing of importance should be resolved upon, which concerned the Church in general, without taking time for knowing their Advice: For acquainting the Duke of Buck∣ingham

1627. July. herewith they appointed the Sieurs Isaac Blandin, Sieur of Herbiers for the Corporation, or Counsel of the City, Gayer Junior for the body of the Citizens, and conformable to this resolution the next morning being the 24. Herbiers and Gayer with the Duke of Saubize, and Mr. Baker, waited upon the Duke in the Isle of Ree.

At this same time it was proposed in Council by some of Rochel, as also of Maran, to bring upon their own adventure, a great quantity of Corn and Wine into Rochel conditionally, that in case the City had not need thereof for the Publick, it should be al∣lowed them to sell at reasonable rates to particu∣lar Persons, and in case it should happen that neither the one nor the other, had by reason of a Peace any need, they should transport them whither they should think fit. This proposition was very plea∣sing to the greatest part of the Council, and judg∣ed most profitable for the publick good of the Ci∣ty, but some of the principal, who were more con∣cerned in their particular Interest, than was the generality of the people; because they had some Wine to sell, and hoped for a good Vintage, op∣posed the proposition as to Wines very strongly, alledging that it would be the breach of the Privi∣ledges which their Ancestors had religiously pre∣served from Father to Son, and by this means ren∣der the Vines of the Government unprofitable, and so concluded that they should not admit their offer save only as to Corn; The Merchants proposing, Remonstrated hereupon that for two reasons they could not make this contract for Corn alone. The one that they should lose by it without hopes of re∣compensing their loss, otherwise than by Wine. Secondly, That if they should carry away their

1627. July. Corn without buying Wine, the thing would be subject to suspition, seeing that in Holland, whither they pretended to send it, had more need of Wine than Corn. In conclusion to ingage the City they offered to pay a Crown Custom for every Tun, but notwithstanding all that they could say, the interested prevailed, alledging that the English be∣ing powerful at Sea, and near to them, could eve∣ry hour send them Corn, Wine, and other Provi∣sions and Commodities, more then they wanted, but this obstinate Counsel cost them dear in the end.

After the descent and Fight made by the Duke of Buckingham in the Isle of Ree, three days passed without any attempt made by either party one up∣on the other, only Monsieur Thoiras by little Skir∣mishes kept his enemies in breath, but expecting another Fight, retired to the Burrough of St. Mar∣tins, and from thence into the Citadel with all that he was able to bring thither. The Duke of Buck∣ingham fortified and intrenched himself in the place where he made his descent, as well because he had not the knowledg of the Country, as that he dreaded the Forces of the Isle, which he feared were great, and gathering together to fall upon his people, who had not well recovered their hard∣ship at Sea, and misfortunes at Land: Nevertheless in common opinion, if he had briskly followed Monsieur Thoiras he had carried the Citadel at one of the Gates, which was not finished, where ten or twelve men on brest might have entered, besides that it was ill provided with Victuals and other ne∣cessaries, which during this delay they carried day and night thither: and also industriously repaired the weakest parts of the Fortifications.

1627. July. The 26th the Duke of Buckingham with his Ar∣mies of 7 or 8000 Foot, and 100 Horse marched in Battail to St. Martins; which he possessed him∣self off, and approaching with in half Musket shot of the Trenches and ditch of the Citadel; did with great dilligence in six days, finish his Batteries, and one of them being upon the Haven of the Bur∣rough, put the assieged in great fear, because it lay right upon their Mills, yet nevertheless they found means to defend them.

Soon after the Duke of Buckingham's descent In the Isle of Re, particular Citizens of Rochel being allured by gain, and the beauty of Jacobus's gold, furnished his Army for their refreshment with all sorts of Provisions; which they continued to do so long, until they left their own City unprovid∣ed of Victuals.

Thursday the 29. it was debated in the Coun∣cil whether they should send deputies to comple∣ment the Duke of Angoulesme, who lay at Marans, a great Burrough, (about 10 or 12 English Miles from Rochel) many were against it; least the En∣glish should thereby, be discouraged, and there up∣on leave their Town as a prey to their enemies: But others on the contrary, said, that since they had sentto the Duke of Buckingham Lieutenant to the King of England, with more reason they ought to do the same to the Duke of Angoulesme, Lieutenant to the King, their Soveraign; and that if it were for no other reason, then to give him thanks, for that he had not committed any Act of Hostilitie against their government: As also to beg leave of him for reaping, and gathering in their Harvest▪ besides, that they might possibly gather from him that which might serve to help forward the peace be∣twixt

1627. July. the two Kings, which ought to be desired by them above all things, since, whatever the Event of the War might be, Rochel would have cause of fear; from their own King, if he drive out the Eng∣lish, who will consider them as having drawn them thither; and from the English, should they remain Masters of the Isles, because thereby they would have a Bit in their Mouths to curb them as they pleased, if peradventure they did not totally Ma∣ster them; and therefore it behoved them, whilst in the beginning of the Difference, to endeavour to pacifie it; and, by paying their Respects to this Prince, they might open a way to it. In the end, after great Contest, they resolved to send to him, and to that purpose named certain Commis∣sioners, on the behalf both of the Magistracy and Citizens; and on Saturday, the last of the Month, they waited upon him at Maran, where he re∣ceived them with great Friendship, and sent them back on Munday following, with Promises to suf∣fer them to reap and gather in their Harvest, so long as they remained good French, and not other∣wise.

The 30th, the Sicur de Loudriere crossed the Sea, which is two or three hours sail, from Rochel to the Isle of Re, with six or seven hundred men, to strengthen the Duke of Buckingham; who some days after commanded all the Papists of the Isle to retire to the Continent, and appointed them Ships to carry them over; which he did from an Opini∣on, That they gave Intelligence to the Citadel of all that passed in the English Army: Nevertheless he did not oblige the Capuchins that were in St. Martins to leave their Convent, but provided for their nourishment.

1627. August.

AƲGƲST.

The 6th day of August the Mayor and Council sent Deputies to the Duke of Buckingham, to de∣sire him not to hinder any more the Vessels and Commodities which would come from the Isle of Re, or other places, to Rochel; all which he agree∣ed unto, and received them very kindly.

Tuesday the 10th, The Duke of Angoulesme came by break of day, with a Party of Horse and Foot, to the Gates of Rochel, giving a very hot Alarm to the Town, who immediately sent to him to assure him, That they were the Kings good Servants, and had no hand in the coming of the English to the Isle of Re: As also, That they were not in conjunction with them. He answered them ami∣cably, so that it was permitted to such of his Ser∣vants as would, to come into the City, and buy what Commodities they pleased.

The same day, after Dinner, the said Duke went with the Sieur Marillot, and Pompee Targon, Engineer, to view the point of Coureil, and all the Coast, without having any shot made at them from the City, there not being yet any Declaration of War on either side.

The 13th. The said Duke writ to the Mayor and Corporation of the City, That if they should con∣tinue to assist the English, he would approach with his Army to the Gates of their City: And as they were in deliberation thereof, he came the next day to Estrce, la Moulinette, Bongrenne, and Coureille, his Army being composed of some Regi∣ments of Navarre, Chappes, la Bergerie, and a Moity of the Regiments of Guards, with ten Cor∣nets of Cavalry, and a good quantity of Cannon.

1627. August. At the same time he prohibited, thorough the whole Government and Land of Aulnis, (for so the Country about Rochel is called) the carrying into Rochel any Wares or Commodities, upon pain of Confiscation, and Corporal Punishment; hindering also the Inhabitants of the City from gathering their Harvest, which shewed the Ro∣chellers what they had to expect. They sent the Sieurs Papin and de Foss to the Duke of Buckingham, in the Isle of Re, to desire him to send back the Sieur Loudriere, with the French he carryed thi∣ther, and obtained their Request of him.

The 15th, about two or three hours after Mid∣night, the English took a Bark which came from the Citadel; of those that were in it some were made Prisoners, others leaping into the Water were drowned; as amongst the rest, one Captain Demo∣riciere of the Isle of Re.

The same night the Duke of Buckingham, hav∣ing advice that they had but little Water in the Citadel, and that they were furnished from a Well that was fifteen or twenty Paces from one of their Half-Moons, to cut them off their supply from thence, made an Attempt upon their Half-Moon, but those that kept it behaved themselves with so much resolution as made the English retire with loss; only during this Attacque they employed some to poyson the Well, by which they incommoded very much the besieged.

The 16th, was carried to Rochel their King's Declaration, against all that should joyn with the English. Upon which, the major part of the King's Officers seeing, that though the Con∣junction of the City with them was not yet declar∣ed, it was nevertheless in effect done, they left

1627. August. the City, and retired to Maran; whither the King soon after transferred the Court of Justice, and gave his Letters Patents for the same; but those who remained, which were seven in number, con∣tinued to administer Justice as former y.

The same day, with the Evening-tide, came in∣to Rochel eight Barks or Shalloopes from the Isle of Re, in which were the Sieur Loudriere, with the Troops that he had carried thither.

The 19th. The Sieur Comminges, Captain of a Company of the Regiment of Champaigne, and who, in the abscence of the Sieur Thoiras, com∣manded the Fort Lewis, met with some Rochellers, when, after much discourse upon the Affairs of the time, and the descent of the English in the Isle of Re, he remoustrated to them, That if they would carry themselves as good and faithful Subjects to the King, and seek his favour, they would have all sort of Contentment, which he desired them to acquaint the Mayor and his Council with; of which report being made, they sent Deputies to him at his Fort, and he afterwards went to them in the City, where he was heard by the Mayor and his Council, but not agreeing, he returned without doing any thing. Being in the City he visited the Duchess of Rohan, and reasoning with her about the succours of the English, he told her, That the Wine-Harvest was not yet come, and that he would not wish them worse Enemies to fight with than Grapes and new Wine, at which they then laughed, and made slight of it.

The 20th. The Mayor and his Council observing how the Duke of Angoulesme made the people work at the Moulinette, Bongrenne, and Coureille, for the raising of Forts there, and according to advice

1627. August. they had received, were upon the point of seizing of the Barrovere on the side of Tadon, which was the Suburbs of Rochel, and within Musquet-shot of the Port of S. Nicholas, to the end to raise there also a Fort, and nearer, if they could be suffered. Those of the City resolved to break his design, and hinder him from approaching nearer on that side, by making one without the Gate of S. Ni∣cholas, betwixt the two Mills, which are about the half way between the Port, and the place of the Barrovere: For this end, at eight of the Clock in the Evening, there went out betwixt six or se∣ven hundred Souldiers, and some Inhabitants, who wrought there all night, placing so many Pipes and Barrels there, that by morning they were in a condition of defence, and continued their working some days following without his in∣terrupting of them.

The 21. the Duke of Buckingham seeing the re∣solution of the Sieur Thoiras, and the little hopes he had of forcing him otherwise than by Famine, made search thoroughout the Isle for the Papists that were remaining in it, and brought them be∣fore the Citadel, where the Sieur Thoiras received part thereof; but refusing to receive the rest, they were carried over to the Main Land, and set on shore to go whither they pleased.

In the same time some Souldiers coming out of the Citadel, reported to the Duke of Buckingham, that Corn and Meal began to be scarce with the assieged, that they were reduced to Bisquet and Horse-flesh, besides, that the Souldiers were great∣ly incommoded from the ill weather, and continual Rains; and that they were contriving among themselves some Revolt.

1627. August. The 28. the Sieur Thoiras finding from day to day necessity pressing him, and that he could not receive any news from the Main, sent three Soul∣diers, each of them with a Packet of Letters, ac∣quainting the Condition he found himself in, who undertook to carry them: by Swimming, one of the three got to Fort Lewis, another was drown∣ed, and the third not being able to hold out, ren∣dered himself to the English, and gave them advice of all that passed in the Citadel: The Duke of Buckingham understanding their condition, writ to the Sieur Thoiras, endeavouring to shew him his necessity, and perswade him to render the Citadel, and all that he held in the Isle, into his hands, with offers of very advantageous and honourable Con∣ditions; but if he would hold out until the last Extremity, he could not then hope for the same. To this Letter the Sieur Thoiras made answer with great civility, yet telling him, that he was not re∣duced to such straits as he believed; and some days were spent in Complements, and friendly Correspondence, by Gentlemen sent with Presents from one to the other, which made the Rochellers suspect the Duke, and from thenceforward to de∣spair of taking the Citadel.

Nevertheless, the Duke gave not over, endea∣vouring by all means possible, to make himself Ma∣ster of the place; and to come the sooner to his end, fitted out upon the Water a floating Machine, which played continually with eight Cannon; and by the means of Pinnaces and Barks equipped for War, endeavoured to prevent all succours of Men and Victuals; and further, made a Pallasade of Ship-Masts, and great Cables, kept above water by Vessels, and betwixt the Vessels by Pipes and

1627. Septemb. Barks, and sunk before them many Ships full of Stones; and indeed, he omitted nothing that might entirely shut up that side, which according to the report of several Souldiers, made the Sieur Thoiras and his people very uneasie.

SEPTEMBER.

Tuesday the 7th of September, twelve or thir∣teen Pinnaces, laden with all sort of Provisions, entred the Citadel, having passed the English Ar∣my, Pinnaces, Shalloops, and Pallasades, which by Storms the night before had been half broken and bruised; which continuing, obliged those in the Ships of the Pallasade to cut their Cables which tyed them together, which happened well to those in the Citadel, who were not able to do any more, and who were so pressed, that had this Succour staid three days longer, the Sieur Thoiras must have been forced to have delivered the place: but as this was matter of great joy to them, so it was of grief and sorrow to the Duke of Buckingham, who by break of day discharged his Choler by the Mouth of his Cannon upon the Citadel and Pin∣naces.

Friday the 10th, about four or five in the E∣vening, the Rochellers observing the working at a place over against the two Mills, fired their Can∣non upon them, the Fort Lewis answering them in the same kind, which crossed the City, but with∣out doing any harm; so that by this mutual thun∣dering, they declared War one against the o∣ther.

The same day, about eight in the Evening, the Fort Lewis fired three Cannon-shot with Fire-Bul∣lets, one of which fell in a House full of Hay and

1627. Septemb. Straw, near a Stack of green Wood, which was entirely burnt: At first this new Invention asto∣nished them much, and obliged them to seek reme∣dy against the like.

The 11th, the Council sitting in the Town-Hall, and the whole Body assembled, Commissioners were ordered to consider upon conditions for the Minting of Money; as also the Mayor and Coun∣cil were desired to publish a Manifest, and to see to the Articles of Conjunction with the Duke of Buckingham.

The 12th, the Duke of Buckingham received a Recruit of 2500, by seven Ships and four Flutes. The same day the English took two Barks laden with Provisions and Munition of War for the Ci∣tadel, and gave Chase to a Ship which followed the Bark, and pursued her unto the Stuckets or Pallasades.

The 13th, in the Evening, the Rochellers obser∣ving some at work near the House of Coureille, for the raising of a Fort, they played their Cannon up∣on them. The same day, in the Evening, came from the Isle of Re to Rochel the Sieurs Ashburn∣ham for the Duke of Buckingham, and St. Surin for the Sieur Thoiras, in their way to the King at Pa∣ris, from whence Ashburnham (after having con∣ferred with his Majesty) was to go to England, and began their journey the next day: And this was the effect of the Communications before-men∣tioned, when all believed, the Duke being cheat∣ed by St. Surin, he would find this Voyage to no purpose, as it proved.

The 15th, Monsieur the King's only Brother ar∣rived at Estre, and skirmished his Cavalry with those of Rochel, who after some small loss gave

1627. Septemb. way to those of Monsieur, who pursued them with Horse and Foot unto the very Ditch of the Fort Tadon; but being too far advanced, he lost some of his Cavalry, as well as Infantry; of the first, the Sieur Maricour; of the latter, one Sariant, and ten or twelve Souldiers, whereas the Rochellers loss was no more than one Citizen, and three or four Souldiers, besides some wounded. The same day, about eight in the Evening, they from the Fort Lewis made five shot with Fire-Bullets upon the Ci∣ty; the Fire took effect in a House near the Town∣house, where there were Fagots, and the cuttings of Vines, but it was extinguished without burn∣ing more than the Roof, and part of the Wood.

The 16th, the Mayor made Proclamation tho∣rough all the Quarters of the City, commanding every one to remove out of their high Chambers, and Garrets, Wood, Hay, Straw, and whatever was subject to fire, and to keep there Oxe-hides, Pales and Tubs of Water, as well to quench the Fire, as to throw upon the Bullets.

The 17th, a Party of Cavalry sallying out of Rochel some days before upon Adventure, brought into the City a Courrier which the King had sent with a Packet to the Duke of Angoulesme, with ma∣ny Letters for particular Persons in the Army, by which was discovered the King's design of shut∣ting in the Rochellers by Sea with a Bank, and a Naval Army, and inclosing them on the Land-side with a strong Line of Communication; and so to gain them by hunger, rather than force, according to the Tenure of that to the Duke of Angoulesme, which is as followeth.

1627. Septemb.

The French Kings Letter to the Duke of Angoulesme, in the Camp before Rochel.

COusin, by your dispatch of the seventh of this Month, you have rendered me a particular Account of the Imployment you have given the Troops of my Army since your Arrival there, of the Quarters that you have taken about my City of Rochel, of the Works that you have be∣gun, of those that are made, of the men neces∣sary for keeping and preserving them, and oppo∣sing the Diversions that the English by Salleys from the Isle of Re may make on the Coast of Poictou and Xaintongue. I understand your advice and sentement, as well for shutting the Channel of the Port of Rochel, as relieving of the Isle of Re; of which having well considered, and of what will be best for my service, after having testified to you the content I receive in seeing so exact, judi∣cious, and faithful an information from that side, and the good liking that I have of the diligence and good Conduct that you have remarkably shewed for the advancing my service, I will tell you, that I approve the Quarters that you have taken for my Army, and do desire that for the maintaining them with security, that you order the Captains who command there to retrench, and fortifie themselves well, and to keep good Guards; that you continue the order that you have established there for preventing the relie∣ving of Rochel by Land with any sort of Victu∣als, and do it with extraordinary care and secu∣rity, without permitting, upon any cause or pre∣text whatsoever, any contradiction, nor shew

1627. Septemb. any favour to such as shall be so bold as to do contrary hereunto; for in this point consists one of the principal Effects of my Army, by which the factious Rochellers may be chastis'd for their Rebellion, and be constrained to submit themselves to the obedience that they owe me.

I approve also of the Forts and Retrenchments that you are upon at Bongrenne and Moulinette. I will believe that they are near (if not before this done to your hands) in defence; it behoves us to preserve these two Postes, since they are judged necessary: but except you determine making at present the Fort that you have proposed betwixt the Port de Coinge and la Fons, for to •••••• off the Current of the Water which goes to Ro∣chel, or turn to some other Enterprize, I judge it more to purpose that you employ all your la∣bour to the building of the Fort that you have formerly been ordered, over against the Fort Lewis, to the end that it be with all speed in such defence, that neither the Rochellers, nor the Eng∣lish, can hinder the maintaining it, with a number of men necessary for its defence.

I know, That for the accomplishing these De∣signs, for conserving your Posts, for hindering on the Land-side the going in and out of Rochel, and provide against diversions, it is necessary to maintain a good Army, well paid: That which you propose to me to have about Rochel ought to be 10000 Foot, and 1000 Horse effective, which will be done when the Orders that I have former∣ly given for the marching and levying of Souldi∣ers have been executed; as you may see by the numbers of the Regiments of Foot that I have sent you.

1627. Septemb. As to the diversions the Enemy may make on the Coasts of Poictou and Zaintongue, I make reck∣oning that my Naval Army, which shall be laiden with a good number of Infantry, will serve for succour and security against all the descents which they can make on the Coasts of my King∣dom. I cannot believe that the English, with the few men that the Siege of the Citadel of Re hath left them, dare make a descent, having no Caval∣ry, nor undertake a new Fortification at this Sea∣son; that which is most to be feared, is the surprizing of some place, for which cause I find it necessary speedily to augment Garrisons, Vi∣ctuals, and Ammunition, in all those places that you shall inform me have need, on the Coasts of Poictou and Zaintongue.

I will not now answer the several ways that are propounded for shutting up and ruining the Port of Rochel, because it is not that which at present is most pressing. In reference to the re∣lieving of the Citadel of Re, and the Fort of Pree, as I have cause to promise my self good success there, from the succour of 13 Pinnaces arrived in the Citadel, the advice whereof is confirmed to me by your last Letter; so (I presume) to employ the means which have been a long time in several places preparing for the refreshing of the said Forts, will I think be sufficient, which I re∣fer to the Bishop of Mande to explain more par∣ticularly in my Name, according to the Charge that I have therein given him. Considering that so long as the Citadel of S. Martin can hold, there is no fear of the Fort of Pree; I see no necessity of sending men thither, though there may be of Victuals and Munition, after that the Citadel shall be sufficiently provided.

1627. Septemb. You may judge better than any one, how many of the Regiments designed for the Army are ne∣cessary for your guard, and the advancement of your work, and therefore I desire you to send to them in all places to raise them with all diligence.

I have well considered the Retinue that you say the Rochellers, (upon the Declaration of War,) are resolved to keep; and how you acknowledge it to proceed more from fear than love or respect; and that you will not spare to act effectually against them, as if they had already declared; all which I approve, since their actions and deportment do suf∣ficiently shew their evil intentions, and therefore you may permit those of the Fort Lewis to work upon their Fortifications, since you think fit to make some new ones.

I am pleased that you have sent some Cavalry to my Brother the Duke of Orleance, and doubt whether he will be with the Army before this Answer; if he be, fail not to communicate this to him, to the end that he be informed of my in∣tentions.

Furthermore, I commend the care that you have taken to dissipate that Assembly of Nobility at du Parcg's House, that you have seized the Hou∣ses of de la Rolandiere and Moric, and that you have secured the other Gentlemen by good Cau∣tion: Continue to make my Letters and Declara∣tions of this kind be well observed: I hold it fit to give the Fruits which may be gathered in the neighbouring Villages, belonging only to them that have gone contrary to my Declaration, to my Army (viz.) to the Captains and Officers, which serving in my Troops shall be judged wor∣thy of such gratifications. Above all I pray God,

1627. Septemb. my Cousin, to take you into his holy protection.

Writ at S. Germaine in Lay, the 13th of September, 1627.

Signed Louys,

and underneath,

Philipeaux.

There was also in this Pacquet the Donation of the Office of Seneschal, or Chief Justice, of the City of Rochel, to the Duke of Angoulesme, with the confiscation of all the Goods, moveable and immoveable, of the Sieurs of Brille Baudet, and of Angoulins, in form as followeth.

THIS day being the 11. of September, 1627. the King being at S. Germain in Laye, taking into consideration the great and commendable services that the Duke of Angoulesme, Peer of France, hath done him in his Army of Aulins, and the great Ex∣pence that he is obliged to be at there, his Majesty hath granted to him, and doth hereby give him the Office of Chief Justice of the City of Rochel, being vacant by the forfeiture of the Sieur Loudriere, who is in possession thereof, but is attainted of High Trea∣son, for bearing Arms, and joining with the English, contrary to the service of his Majesty and this Estate, and have also given to the said Duke all the Goods, moveable and immoveable, belonging to the Sieurs Brille Baudet and Angoulins, as confiscated for the same Crime, and being at present in the City of Ro∣chel. In Witness of which, his Majesty hath com∣manded me to expedite to the said Duke all Letters and Provisions necessary, and in the mean time to di∣spatch this present Brief, which he hath signed with

1627. Septemb. his own hard. Contre-signed by me, Counsellor in his Council of State, and Secretary of his Commands.

LEWYS,

beneath

Philipeaux.

The 19. the English took a Barque laden with Provisions and Munition for the Citadel, where was the Son of the Sieur Saugion, as they had some days before taken, and sunk many others which steered the same course.

The 22. there went from Rochel seven sail to go to Re, upon whom was made from the Fort Lewis many great shot, but without touching them: In the one was the Sieurs John Gittou Sheriff, for∣merly Admiral of Rochel, and David Foss Advo∣cate, Deputies from the Mayor and his Counsel to the Duke of Buckingham, to carry him the Ar∣ticles drawn for their conjunction with him.

The 22. betwixt two and three, before day, ar∣rived in the Citadel a Barque of about 30 Tuns, laden with all sorts of Provisions, Munition, and Refreshments, upon which the English made many unprofitable Cannon-shot.

The 23d. The Sieur Burrowes, Lieutenant Ge∣neral to the Duke of Buckingham, was killed in the Trenches; which, together with the entry of the said Barque, did so irritate the said Duke, that he shot all the morning long, as well from Land as from his Ships, upon the Citadel and Barque: During this Thundering a fatal shot carryed out of this World the Sieur Montferrior, Brother of Monsieur Thoiras, in such sort, that this day was a day of great loss to each Party; but above all to

1627. Septemb. the English, in that Monsieur Burrowes was the only man of experience that they had.

The 27th. The Sieur Ashburneham, who was gone to Paris with the Sieur St. Surin arrived at Rochel with St. Surin in their way to Re, who im∣mediately after his arrival there, was by the Duke sent Prisoner to one of his Frigats, where was al∣ready the Son of Sieur Saugeon, because, as he said, of the ill usage that Mr. Ashburnham had met with, but it was believed in revenge, for having been baffled by him.

The same day, about three in the Afternoon, they began Prayers in the Temple of S. John, to continue every day until the Peace was made.

The 30th, being Thursday, the English took in the Evening three Barks laden with Victuals and Munition for the Citadel, sunk three others, forced ashore two at Aiguillion, and put the rest to flight, in such sort, that at this time there got none into the Citadel.

OCTOBER.

[ Octob.] The first of October, the Sieur Thoiras finding himself pressed with all Extremity, and seeing that all his people, as well Souldiers as Volun∣tiers, murmured against him, and made Cabals for treating with the Duke of Buckingham, and to deliver the place to him, to the end to content them, and to gain time, and to amuse the English, he sent the Sieur Montault to the Duke, to know what Conditions he would offer him. The Duke defer∣ring the Treaty until the next morning, after ma∣ny goings and comings, it was in the end agreed, that if the Citadel was not relieved by the eighth of the Month, (which was High-water) that both it and the Fort de la Pre should be put into his hands.

1627. Octob. Thursday night, before Fryday the 8th of Octo∣ber, designed for the Rendition, there went forty Barks and Pinnaces from Ollorne▪ laden with Men, and all sorts of Provisions, for the Belly as well as war, whereof 29 got happily into the Citadel, by the favour of a very great North-East-Wind, which blew so hard, and master'd the English Ar∣my in such sort, that it could not hinder their pas∣sing; save that there were four sunk to the ground by Cannon-shot. This succour came very seaso∣nably to the Sieur Thoiras; because in the morn∣ing, according to Conditions, he ought to have render'd the Citadel.

The Duke of Buckingham on the contrary was so discontented and discouraged, that, having dis∣charged his Choler with multitude of Cannon-shot, which broke in pieces fifteen or twenty of these Pinnaces, (but already un-laden) two or three days after he took away his Cannon from his Bat∣teries, and Shipped them, with part of his Men, having taken a resolution to raise the Siege, and to return for England; but the Duke of Soubize, who was near to him, as also the Deputies of Ro∣chel, and the Inhabitants of the Isle, intreating him very earnestly not to abandon them, and of∣fering him whatever was in their Power, which prevailed with him to suspend this Deliberation until the Arrival of Sieur Dolbiere, who he had sent into England, and who put him in hopes of a succour of 6000 Men, which the Earl of Holland would in a few days bring to him, which in some kind restored his Courage, and made him resolve to continue the Siege.

The 12th. The King arrived, before Rochel, and took his Quarters at Estre, he needed not to en∣quire

1627. October. whether the Cannon and Muskets made not good Musick through all the Quarters of the Army for his welcome.

The 13th. There were read, in the Council assembled in the Town-Hall, Letters from the Duke of Rohan, writ the 9th and 10th of Septem∣ber, from Nisines to those at Rochel, by which he advised them of the Conjunction, made by those of Languedoc with them and the English.

The 17th. Seven Barks, laden with Victuals and Munition, with some Companies of Souldiers, got into the Fort Pree, without any Impediment; but the same day a Pinace going out from the Cit∣tadel, was taken by the English Shalloops, who slew the Son of Richardiere, who commanded there, and most part of his Men.

The 18th. A Ship laden with dry Fish, and some Barks laden with Wine and other things from the Isle of Re, came into Rochel; there were fired at them from the Forts Lewis, Port-Neuf, and Cou∣reille, 35 Cannon-shot, without touching any of them.

The 19th. One called Franc, one of the Messen∣gers to the King's Council, was brought into Ro∣chel by John Farene, a stout and bold Souldier, who took him Prisoner near Lusignan as he rid post with many Letters, and some even from the King himself, writ to several Governours of Pro∣vinces, by which he gave advice of the besieging of the Citadel; commanding them to send all the Ships they could, laden with Stones to fill and shut up the Haven of Rochel; as also to have his Naval Army in readiness, upon the first Command, to come before Rochel: And this by Letters dated the 14th of October.

The same day, and the day following, came from

1627. October. Re to Rochel four or five hundred English, who were quarter'd in Houses.

The 24th. The Duke of Soubize writ to the Ro∣chellers, exhorting them to send Deputies to the King of Great Brittain; upon which were named the Sieur Jaques David Sheriff, on the behalf of the Common-Hall; Sieur John de Hinsse, on behalf of the Bourgesses; and on behalf of the Church the Sieur Salbert, a Minister, who was in Re, near the Duke of Buckingham.

The 25th. Before day there came into Rochel, from England, a Ship with 150 Tuns of Corn, as also some Barks laiden with Wine and other Com∣modities, and entred without any damage, though with the bright of the Moon, and had been shot at thirty or forty times with Cannon from the Fort Lewis, and the Batteries.

The 26th. The Rochellers published their Mani∣fest, by which they gave an Account of the Cau∣ses and Reasons which moved them to joyn Arms with the King of Great-Brittain; and put at the foot of the same their Kings Letter to the Duke of Angoulesme, as also the Oath of Lewis the Eleventh made to Robert Cadiot, Mayor of Rochel, 1472.

In this Manifest they say, That one of the Con∣ditions of Peace in 1622, which is recited, was the demolishing of the Fort built near the City during the War, as also that accordingly the King had given Letters to their Deputies, Dated the 18th of December, directed to Sieur Arnoult, by which he enjoyns him not to delay doing it, but that under divers pretexts he did not only elude the obeying him therein, but on the contrary continued to fortifie it; and after his death the Sieur Thoiras did the same more diligently;

1627. Octob. so that neither their Complaints, nor the reite∣rated Complaints of their Deputies to his Majesty of the breach of Agreements, could produce any effect. That their design in preserving this Fort, and furnishing it so much, appeared sufficiently by the several Enterprises that had been made up∣on the City. This was the occasion which moved the Duke of Rohan, with whom the Peace of 1622 had been Treated, to take Arms, and give cause to the Duke of Soubize to make an Enterprize up∣on Blavet, and to assure himself of the Isle of Re and the City, and to joyn with them; because that though they had not declar'd, but sent De∣puties to the King to obtain the justice of having this Fort demolished, instead of the King's effe∣ctual agreeing thereunto, the Marshal Praslin was come against them in Arms, committing Acts of Hostility. That the following Peace, having been made by the Intercession of the Ambassadors of the King of Great Brittain, and of the States of Holland, under divers Articles, and above all apon the word of a King, even given to the said Ambassadours in writing, that within six Months the Fort should be demolished, yet nothing of it had been observed: That instead of suffering them to bring back their Goods, the Sieur Thoiras had seized them, and carryed away all their Salt, and built a Citadel in the Isle of Re. That instead of reducing the Garrisons to the number agreed upon, they had been increased in such sort, that there was alwayes near eight or ten thousand men round the City. That upon the passages to Maran, and other places, they had built new Forts, which blocked the City, and hindred the bringing in of Corn and Provisions. That the Sieur Thoiras did

1627. Octob. the same by Sea, by the help of Vessels, which he, contrary to the Treaty, had lying in the Road at the head of the Bay.

That the Sieur Briel, sent as Intendant of the Court of Justice, had committed unheard of In∣justice; as the putting a Souldier to death upon suspicion of having broken a Crucifix in time of War, which afterwards was proved false, the Crucifix being found. That contrary to the pri∣viledges agreed to with the City by the King, which was not of Grace, but under Covenant given to France; That they charged the City as belonging to the Domane, establishing Offices for taxing the Corn and Wine of the Government, sent Commands to Sieur Thoiras, Governour of the City, to build the said Fort and Citadel. That besides these Injuries done them in particular, those of the Religion, in general, were ill used thorough the whole Kingdom, and their Edicts violated in all the heads. That hereupon the King of England, who on behalf of the King, was to them Garrantee of the Peace, (which was so little observed) having ineffectually imployed his Intercession, resolved upon taking Arms; and having sent his Army into these Quarters, they sent Deputies to the Duke of Angoulesm, who was in Arms so near to them as Maran, to satisfie him by protestation, That they desired to remain invio∣lable in their Fidelity and Obedience to the King, and to beseech him to intercede with the King for their enjoyment of the last Treaty of Peace. That instead of hearkening thereunto, he declar'd War against them, plundering their Houses, building of Forts too near to them, and committing open∣ly all acts of Hostlity, whilst they yet held them∣selves

1627. October. in suspence. In the end there fell into their hands the Kings Letters to the said Duke, of the 13th of September, where they found the Map of their ruine, and the Order for besieging them both by Sea and Land: That being reduced to this point, they saw themselves forced to take Arms, and to joyn with the English, praying all their good Country-men, and all good Kings and Princes to approve of their Design, and to assist them there∣in, under protestation nevertheless to remain al∣wayes in the duty of Subjection and Fidelity due to the King; and that they should be ready to sub∣mit themselves to him, when it should please him to receive them into his favour, and cause the breach which had been made upon the Edicts to be repaired, and to establish them in their ancient Li∣berties and Priviledges.

To this Manifest was published an ample An∣swer, the sum of which was, That if the Treaty a•• Montpelier had not in all points been executed, the Rochellers were the cause of it, they having first bro∣ken it, in that the Exercise of the Romish Religion ought to have been re-established fully and peaceably in their City, which they would not suffer when the Commissio∣ners of the King were sent, nor suffer the publick pra∣ctise of the Popish Ceremonies; besides that, the King, by the same Treaty, having ordered the dissolving of the new Order of forty eight Burgesses, they would not do it, adding that, to their other disobedience, which made his Majesty believe that it behoved him to stop that demolishment which they pressed so much for, that they might be at the more liberty for a new Insurrection. That the Armies levyed afterwards by the Duke of Rohan, in Languedoc, and the King's Vessels, seized by the Duke of Sou∣bize,

1627. October. at Blavet, were Rebellious Attempts with∣out Example, and that the whole had been agreed with them, who nevertheless was willing to amuse the King with feigned pretences of Loyalty, but he did not think it reasonable to suffer himself to be so deceived by them.

As to the Treaty of Peace which followed, it was false that Strangers had acted therein as Medi∣ators, that the King had given his word to them, or consented to that Injury of their Master's, be∣ing Garrantees to his Subjects, as the Ambassadors of England have since told him. That if after this Treaty the King thought good to build a Ci∣tadel in the Isle of Re, and Forts in the Passages from the Isle of Maran, it was no more than what was too apparently necessary for bridling a Re∣bellious City, who then tampered with the English; and further, that it was contrary to truth, that on that side they had committed any act of Hostility, as all France knows, but that the Passages for going, and coming, and bringing all sorts of Com∣modities, was free to all. As to the Offices esta∣blished contrary to their pretended Priviledges, and the Commands of the Governour, given to the Sieur Thoiras, that as these Priviledges were from the King's Grace, and not as they say, by Covenant, so when they were fallen from their Duty it was most just to revoke them; as in the time of Francis the First, who dissolv'd their Com∣mon-Hall, and gave them a Governour, and ne∣ver received them to Mercy, until upon their Knees, and with Tears, they all made supplication for Mercy. That the Judgment given against him who broke a Crucifix was judiciously done, upon sufficient Informations. That the Complaints of

1627. Octob. the generality of their Religion, in the rest of the Kingdom, was without Vouchers, and re∣futed by the free and entire Exercise the King granted them, and his protection under which they lived peaceably. That the Invasions of the Eng∣lish, and their descent in Arms in the Isle of Re made in full Peace, and without any precedent Denuncia∣tion of War, was contrary to Justice, and the Law of Nations, which the King will make them re∣pent in the end. That if the Rochellers at first de∣ferred, declaring for them, and sent Deputies to the Duke of Angoulesme, it was in design to gain time, and during that delay to make their Harvest, for the King was most certainly adver∣tis'd that the coming of the English was agreed upon with them; and though they had not yet in words declar'd for them, it was done in effect, in receiving Deputies from the Duke of Buckingham, and sending theirs to him, and aiding him every day with Provisions; that so the King had just cause to declare them Guilty of High-Treason, and make them suffer for their Rebellion, and he hopes in the end to make them Examples for it.

The said day, with the Morning-tide, the Sieurs David and Dehinsse went to the Isle of Re to joyn with the Sieur Salbret, who was with the Duke of Buckingham, and from thence to go into England, to return that Prince thanks for his Assistance, and to beg the continuance of it, representing to him their State and Condition; with them went to the said Isle of Re, to reside near the person of the Duke of Buckingham, the Sieurs Desherbiers, and Bragneau, for the City-Hall; and Goyer Junier, (a good man and experienced Sea-Captain) for the

1627. Octob. Burgesses, without being prejudic'd by any Can∣non-shot, though many were made at them.

The same day, with the Morning-tide, thir∣teen Barks, with six or seven hundred men, got into the Fort la Pree, without any Rencounter or Im∣pediment from the English.

The 27th, with the morning-tide, there went out from Rochel to Re fifteen Sail, as well Pinaces as Barks, to the end to hinder the passages of those that would go to the Citadel and Fort la Pree; the Enemy made many a Cannon-shot at them from their Batteries, but without doing them any harm: And the same day, in the morn∣ing, two Capuchins were brought in Prisoners, which they sent back after Dinner without offer∣ing them any Injury: And the Curriers did like∣wise bring Prisoner a Spanish Jeweller, who had se∣veral precious Stones by him, which caused a Debate in Council whether they should be de∣clared good price; some contradicted it, and par∣ticularly the Sieur Vincent, the Minister, who hav∣ing entertained this man, and found him one of Sense, was for gratifying him, and to manage by him, the beginning of a Treaty with the King of Spain, which he maintained with many Rea∣sons, and expressed great diffidence of the Duke of Buckingham and the English, but his motion was not relished.

The 28. those of Rochel sent forth nine other Sail, as well Pinnaces as Barks, equipped for War, with three Companies of Infantry, and some Vo∣luntier Gentlemen, which passed in spight of their Batteries, from whence they played upon them with their Cannon, but without effect.

1627. October. This same day the Sieur Salbert being excused going for England, the Sieur Philip Vincent, one of the City Ministers, was by the Church and City-Hall appointed in his place, and went the same day to the Isle of Re, to joyn with the other Depu∣ties that were there.

The 30. about four or five a Clock In the Even∣ing, twelve or thirteen hundred men, commanded by the Sieur Canaples, Master of the Camp to a Re∣giment of Guards, were shipped at the Plomp for the Fort la Pre, which passing without any obstru∣ction, and having a great Party there on Land, en∣deavoured to make a descent, but were at first by the English and French, who joyned to hinder their Landing (after a long Combat, with the loss of fifty or sixty of those that were furthest advanced on shore) forced to return to their Barks for sa∣ving of themselves, in which Retreat many were drowned; nevertheless, the Night coming on, which was so favourable to them, that they found themselves very obscure, they not only finished their descent to the Fort, but even constrained the English to retreat, with the loss of ten or twelve men, and some wounded.

NOVEMBER.

The third of Novemb. there came fifteen Barks from the Isle of Re into Rochel, some laden with Wines, others with Commodities, at which was shot sixty or more Cannon-shot from the Forts and Batteries, without touching any of them. The same day the Sieur Vincent came from the Isle of Re to Rochel, to confer with the Mayor and Coun∣cil upon some particulars relating to his Voyage for England, and desired a commodious and safe

1627. Novemb. Vessel to be ready to sail with the first.

The Duke of Buckingham considering the sup∣plies which the King sent to the Fort of la Pre, and foreseeing that the design was to attack him, and that he found himself weak, he resolved upon a final Attempt; and upon the sixth of Novemb. be∣tween seven and eight in the morning, he assaulted the Citadel in two places, the French making it on one side, and the English on another. At first they carried all before them, gaining the Ditch, and planting their Ladders against the Wall and Terraces, but their Ladders proving too short, and having to do with people who received them with much resolution, they were in the end, after two hours contest, constrained to retreat, with the loss of many men, besides wounded, which were sent the next day to Rochel to be treated and cured. The same day, about nine and ten a Clock in the Evening, a House in Rochel was fired, near the Bell∣fry, to the Church S. Saviour, where being lodged several combustible Commodities, as Hemp, Flax, and Rosin, &c. it burnt so suddenly, that the peo∣ple in their Shifts were hard put to it to gain the top of the House, and so to save themselves by their next Neighbours House.

The seventh Ditto, there went from Rochel to Re nineteen Pinnaces and Barks, in one of which was the Sieur Vincent, who went to joyn with the other Deputies for England.

The eighth, the Duke of Buckingham, after this last attempt upon the Citadel, despairing of gain∣ing it, and of being able to stay much longer in the Isle, especially seeing there arrived from day to day considerable succours to come into the Field with, and that his own Army was diminished more

1627. Novemb. than one third part, proceeding from the eating too many Grapes, according to Sieur de Commin∣ges Prophesie, resolved to raise the Siege; and to imbark with the more security, ordered his Re∣treat by the Isle of Lois (which a small Channel of the Sea separates from that of Re) and having made a Bridge for his passage, in case he should be thereunto forced, he marched his Troops, putting in the Reer one of his best Regiments, and Colo∣nel Montjoy with his Cavalry to defend the Infan∣try, if need were. This Providence was of great use to him, for the Night before his Retreat, (be∣sides the Troops of the King which were already in the Isle) Marshal Scomberg arrived there with three or four thousand Foot, and two or three hundred Horse; and upon the advice of the Dukes retreat, came in such sort thundering upon him, that had not the Reer guard sustained the shock, and defended a long time the Bridge, he had, ac∣cording to appearance, been totally cut in pieces: But the Army being nimble in imbarking, the re∣sistance of these kept them from danger, only this Arreer-guard and Infantry was entirely defeated, and most of the Captains taken Prisoners; as a∣mongst others, Colonel Montjoy, Lord Grey, and Lord Montague: And in this manner did the Duke of Buckingham leave the Isle of Re, three Months and sixteen days after his first entring the same.

This same day was found in many houses in Ro∣chel little Packets of Powder, with Matches for Tinder-boxes well brimstoned, and some Match which had been lighted at one end, which were ne∣vertheless put out without doing any harm. This o∣bliged every one to shut all the Lights to their Cel∣lars, Windows, and dangerous places for fire, and

1627. Novemb. to watch for the apprehending of some of these Boutefeus, and the Night following they took three, whereof one was a Serjeant to a Company, who was as readily hanged in the Castle-yard, as he was lately come into the City.

The ninth Ditto, betwixt six and seven in the E∣vening, they made great Bonfires at Estre, Coureille, Bonnegreen, la Moulinette, Follie-Budel, Rousay, Fort Lewis, and in all the Quarters of the Army, with Vollies of Cannon and Musket-shot, crying, Vive le Roy, for the retaking of the Isle of Re from the English, which gave a great Allarm to the Rochel∣lers, who not knowing the cause, for fear of sur∣prize, and of Intelligence held in the City, they remained all night in Arms.

The twelfth, the Sieur David Vincent, and De∣hinse, deputed as aforesaid for England, returned from the English Army to Rochel, about 9 a Clock in the Evening, as did also the Sieur Desherbiers, and brought a Letter from the Duke of Buckin∣gham, which they delivered to the Mayor and his Council, which upon that occasion was extraordi∣narily assembled in his House; the substance was to counsel them, that whilst he was in the Road to desire a Peace of the King, which as he assured them would be granted according to their own desire; but if otherwise, he offered them the choice of two things (viz.) either to come into their City with two thousand men, or to return for England to procure them a supply of Corn, and all things necessary for a severe Siege, and to re∣turn himself with an Army and Forces sufficient for their deliverance.

The same day they began about ten a Clock in the morning to work at the Mills on the side of Cou∣reille,

1627. Novemb. and prepare Wood to make there a Pallisade, which obliged the Rochellers to play with their Cannon upon them with all the power they could to interrupt the work.

The thirteenth, with the Morning-tide, a New∣found-land Ship, of about fifty or sixty Tun, la∣den with Green Fish, came on ground upon the Mud, or Ouze, at half Musket shot from the Chain, not having water enough to go in, and upon him was shot from the Fort that day forty Cannon shot, whereof there was but two that came in the Shrouds; and also without killing or wounding any person, and so she entred with the Evening-tide.

The seventeenth, the Duke of Buckingham, after having laid eight days at Anchor before the Isle Lewis, finding the Wind to favour him, set sail, without expecting an Answer to his Letters from those of Rochel.

The eighteenth, the Sieurs David, Vincent, and Dehinse, imbarking about Noon in a Fly-boat, set sail for the Isle Lewis, where they hoped to have found the Duke, and with them went ten Barks with Bread and Water for the English Army, and in one were the Sieurs Tessereau Counsellor, Jour∣nault, and Savarit, who went on the behalf of the Rochellers, to desire the Duke of Buckingham to give them some of the Corn, and other Provisions, which he had in abundance aboard his Ships; but being disappointed in not finding of him, they re∣turned to Rochel, whilst the Deputies for England followed the English Army.

The 21. In the night arrived at Rochel a Pinnace of War with a Prize, laden with Munition-bread for the Troops in the Isle of Re, and Citadel, to the number of fifteen thousand Loaves, which

1627. Novemb. were sold to the people; the white at two Sous, and the rest at one Sous, and six Deniers; and in the passage, one of the Seamen was flain by a Can∣non shot.

The 25. with the Evening-tide arrived at Rochel five Prizes (viz.) two laden with Wood, two with Corn, and one with Munition-bread, at which were made many Cannon shot without touch∣ing them.

The 28. came into Rochel from England Captain Bourgis with 80 English, who made a Company; he reported, that the Earl of Holland was at Sea, upon his Voyage to the Duke of Buckingham in the Isle of Re; but we heard since, that this Earl had been imbarked three times, and always driven back by contrary Winds to Plimouth, where the Duke found him, being arrived there the 22. Ditto with our Deputies, who joyned with him the 20. without being saluted by the Ships, though it was full day.

The same day, in the morning, was seen many Pioneers working at the Haute Fons in the Garaine de la Ramigere, making of a Fort: The Rochellers played their Cannon at them, and after dinner sallied out by the Port Coinge with seven or eight hundred Foot, and thirty or forty Horse, endea∣vouring to drive them from thence, but could not, they being defended by many Horse and Foot: The day passed with small Skirmishes, in which was slain one Inhabitant, besides three slightly wounded. The same day some were seen at work upon a Fort beyond the Bridge of Sa∣lines, towards Perigny, in a Field called La Follie Baudet, where formerly there had been one.

1627. Decemb.

DECEMBER.

The third of Decemb. were brought into Rochel two Barks which they had taken as they came out of the River of Maran, and found in them Spanish Wine, many Barrels of Raisins, and seven or eight Tun of Corn, with some other Provisions.

The 14th, betwixt four and five in the Evening, they began to shoot from a new Battery, erected upon the edge of a Bank, 200 paces from the House of Coureille, which came betwixt the two Towers of the Chain: The first Cannon shot cut the Fore-mast of Captain Bragneau's Ship which lay cross the Haven, without killing or hurting any person.

The 16th, the Rochellers desired Pass-ports for sending out of Town many Women, and unprofi∣table Mouths, but was refused it.

The 17th, shooting from the said Battery, (which we shall hereafter call Royal) there was slain a Man, a Woman, and an Infant.

The 18th, at Eleven a Clock in the Morning, some Barks of the Besiegers arrived at Coureille, Convoyed by the Gallies of Brouage, who about two or three a Clock after dinner, came very near the Chain, and shot three Cannon shot cross the City, without doing any harm to any person: But receiving advice that the Rochellers would go to Coureille, to take it, or burn it, they returned in the night to Brovage.

The 25th, a part of the Kings Naval Army, to the number of ten or twelve great Ships, some Pinnaces, and the Gally of Brovage, came to An∣chor in the Road at the Head of the Bay, and at their arrival discharged all their Cannon, as did

1627. Decemb. also the Fort Lewis, and the Royal Battery, to which the Rochellers answered at the same time from theirs.

The 26th, betwixt three and four in the Even∣ing, a shot coming from the Royal Battery, killed three Beggars, and hurt two or three more, as they were playing at Cards in a Shop of Planks upon the Key of the great River, over against the opening of the Chain. The next day these Shops were pulled down, that they might not serve any more as a mark, nor cause in the future any more such murders.

At this time the Bank, which is hereafter called the Digue, advanced much on both sides of the Head of the Bay, and of Coureille, to the end to shut up the going in and out of the Rochellers by Sea, at which they at first laughed, believing that Storms and ill Weather would undo more in one Tide, than they could do in six Months.

The 28th, men was seen working between Ron∣say and Beaulieu (a good Cannon shot from the City) upon a Fort they were making there.

The 30th, with the Morning-tide came into the City a Bark laden with Bourdeaux Wine, at which many shot was made from the Fort Lewis, and the Royal Battery, but without touching her.

JANƲARY.

[ 1628. January.] The 3d of January, 1628. there was seen work∣ing at the little Festille, for making another Fort there, which obliged the City to play upon them with their Cannon, but without any great suc∣cess.

The 6th, there was so great a Storm at South-East, that the Bank was almost overturned, and

1628. January.the Kings Ships which were in the Road at the Head of the Bay so incommoded, that three of them were cast upon the Coast of the Head of the Bay, and of Coureille, where one wanted little of being totally broken in pieces.

The 8th Ditto, forty Cavaliers being gone from Rochel, by the new Gate, to clear the Street to the new Festille, and thereabouts, met with some Horse of the Assiegers, and worsted them; but Monsieur de Bassompier, with a great Party of Ca∣valry and Infantry, coming in to their assistance, made them retreat, though without other loss, than of some wounded; in exchange of which, they brought with them three Prisoners into the City. The same day was discovered (by a Soul∣dier sent from the Camp into the City) an Enter∣prise upon the Fort Tadon, contrived by the En∣sign to Captain Salle, who was immediately ta∣ken, racked, and hanged the 10th, and his Head set up at the Head or utmost part of the Fort, half a Musket shot from Bongrenne, where for the same cause had, three Weeks or a Month before, been hanged two Souldiers, and one condemned for the Executioner.

The 12th, some Souldiers brought into Rochel sixty Oxen and Cows, and at the same time saw men working at Miroeil, making of a Fort there.

The 13th, the Rochellers having in the Morn∣ing seen some Barques arrive at Coureille, under the Convoy of some Gallies, and believing they were with Cannon and Warlike Ammunition, (having had advice some dayes before of their coming) made a Sally by Sea to intercept them; and at the same time another by Land for divert∣ing

1628. January.of Succours; and to this end they did with all diligence equip twelve Shalloops, who finding themselves ready by eight of the Clock in the Evening, furnished with Men, Stones, Granado's, and Fire-works, went out of the Chain, and went by the Coasts of Port-Neuf to prevent discovery; and having left two of their Shalloops in the midst of the Channel, as well to hinder succours as to snap those that would escape, they fell unexpect∣ed upon these Vessels which were at Anchor, under the Fort of Marellac, and at first made themselves Masters of two Gallies, forced the others, and also the Barques to run a-Shore, and kill'd many of those that were in them; and others, to save themselves, leaped into the Water; but seeing Succours hasting from all parts, and fearing also that if they should stay longer, it being an Eb∣bing-tide, they should lye dry upon the Sands, they return'd with two Gallies to Rochel, having lost in all the Action but four men, and eight wound∣ed. At the same time, whilst this was in execu∣tion at Sea, those at Land assaulted the Redoubt of Beautriel, betwixt Bongrenne and the House of Coureille, where there was a Squadron of thir∣ty of John Sac's Regiment, who, after some resist∣ance, were forced and cut in pieces, especially by the English, in Revenge for their Companions which had been killed in the Isle of Re, in such sort, that not above two or three of them were saved, and with the loss of no more than one killed, and three wounded of the Rochellers, and returned to the City with all their Arms, which were given to them that took them.

The 14th, very early in the morning there was ••••ot from the Royal Battery fifteen or twenty

1628. January. Cannon shot cross the City, without killing or hurting any person, save one rash Souldier, who, mocking those that bowed down, and put them∣selves under the Covert of the Parrapet, tog avoid the danger of the dreadful Thunderings, stood upon the Wall, until his Head was carried away by a great shot.

The 15th, the Sieur Fequiere was brought Pri∣soner to Rochel, and put in the Tower of Mon∣reille, near the old Gate Maubec, having been ta∣ken as he was crossing from Coureille to another Quarter, accompanied by the Sieur Forest, Lieu∣tenant of Cardinal Richelieu's Guards, who was slain refusing to render himself Prisoner, or take Quarter.

This night, about two a Clock in the morning, of the 19th Ditto, went out of Rochel the Sieurs Daniel Bragneau, on behalf of the City-Hall; and John Gobert for the Burgers, to go for England, to hasten succours, and to buy Corn and other Pro∣visions for the City, and departed with Ten Sail (viz.) three Men of War, five Pinnaces, and two Fire-ships, and passed all the Forts, without receiving any damage from the Forts, Batteries, or Men of War, which lay at Anchor at the Head of the Bay; but going out from the Chain, one of the Fire-ships, thorough the carelesness of those in her, was so intangled with one of the Men of War, that they were forced to cut her Masts and Cordage, and in that condition turn her a drift, who with the Current was carried to Port-Neuf, where she gave them a great Alarm, and made them spend many Cannon and Musket shot upon her, until not being answered, no person being aboard, they boarded her with their Shalloops,

1628. January. and run her a-shore in the Creek of Port-Neuf: Be∣sides these ten Sail, ten others had gone out, had they not been hindered by a second intanglement of two Men of War falling foul upon one ano∣ther in their going from the Chain, and could not be cleared until the Tide was lost, both to them∣selves and the rest that should have followed them; this fault being imputed to one of the Captains of the Ships, who (as is believed) not de∣siring the Voyage, did it designedly.

The 20th, the Rochellers played with their Can∣non upon the Digue, of the side of Fort Lewis, to interrupt if possible their work, which notwith∣standing they continued.

The 21th, betwixt two and three a Clock After∣noon, being High-tide, the Pallisade of ten or twelve great Ships mured full of Stones, was fixed between Port-Neuf, and Fort Marilac, on the side of Coureille, half a Cannon shot from the City, whither they brought them under the favour and protection of the Gallies, Men of War, and Gal∣liots of Brouage, the Rochellers Cannon not being able to hinder them; nor by their sallying out with ten Shalloops of War could they effect any thing, but being advanced, were constrained to retreat, the Enemy having made ready all the Can∣non of their Batteries, which thundered so furi∣ously upon them, that they could do nothing even against the Men of War; all that they were able to do, being to return with their wounded men.

The 22th, about nine in the Evening, the Rochel∣lers fell out by the Port of the two Mills with for∣ty Horse, and two or three hundred Foot, besides with a great part of Seamen, and Ship-Carpen∣ters, who with Planks and other materials went

1628. January. to the Pallisade, endeavouring to stop the Port∣holes of the Ships mured full of stones, to the end to bring them within the Chain, or else to a place where they should not offend them; but as they were with Ladders (the Sea being low wa∣ter) mounting these Ships, they found themselves unexpectedly received with a shower of Musket shot from those that guarded them, which beat down three or four, and made the rest descend faster than they mounted. This gave such a conster∣nation to those that were below to shut the Port∣holes, the defence being seconded by the numbers which came upon the Arms of the Port-Neuf and Coureille, that they abandoned all to save them∣selves by flight; and in such disorder, that they run a great hazard of being all ••ut in pieces, had not the Cavalry, who from their Post saw their bad condition, run to their succour, and charged the Pursuants so briskly, that they made them re∣treat, even to the Pallisades, killing many upon the place; and amongst the rest, a Captain, who was come from Courcille to their succour. The same day, betwixt four and five a Clock in the Evening, was shot from the Fort de la Fons, upon the City, divers Cannon shot of 32 and 33 pound Bullets, without killing or hurting any person, insomuch that the people seeing the little effect of the Can∣non, grew accustomed to them, and did not re∣gard them.

The 27th, the Rochellers having advice that the Kings Naval Fleet, of thirty Men of War, condu∣cted by the Duke of Guise, was a few days be∣fore arrived at the Head of the Bay, as also Don Frederwick de Tolledo, Admiral of Spain, with 35 or 40 other Men of War, sent out with the

1628. January. Evening-tide three Pinnaces of War, with each their dispatch, for advertising their Deputies in England with the arrival of these several Arma∣do's; as also that they had made a Pallisade cross the Channel with ten or twelve great Ships, to the end that they should diligently seek succours: They carried also Letters to the Estates and Prince of Orange; and notwithstanding all the impedi∣ment from sunk Ships, upon which was some Can∣non, and all the other Men of War, these Pinna∣ces passed without difficulty.

The 28th, arrived at the Camp at Estre Mar∣quess Spinola, whom the King received with all sort of Caresses, shewed him the scituation of the Camp, the Lines, and the Digue; he spoke tho∣roughout (as is reported) with much esteem, and said above all, that the Digne was the only means to take the City by.

FEBRƲARY.

[ February] The 4th of February, they saw from Rochel a Chain carried cross from Coureille to Port-neuf, which was supported upon the water by Pipes at a di∣stance one from another by an uncertain interval, having betwixt every two cross pieces of Timber tyed and mortused one within another, and in the middle of them a floating Engine, turned by the Britch, or Stern.

The 8th, the Rochellers sent two light Galliots to England, to hasten the succours, and to repre∣sent the condition they were reduced to.

The 10th, the King went for Paris, after he had been before Rochel four Months, less two days, leaving all the weight of his Affairs, the Principal Authority and Command of his Army, and Title

1628. February of General, with Cardinal Richelieu: the Duke o•• Angoulesme, the Marshals of Schomberg and Bascom∣piere, remaining there also in quality of Lieute¦nant Generals to his Majesty, under Cardinal Ri∣chelieu.

The 18th, divers other Ships were mured fo•• strengthening the Pallisade, so that there was reckoned forty or fifty, besides a Machine in the middle of the Digue.

The 19th, some Horse being gone to Ronsay, t•• whet and provoke the Horse that were there upon the Guard, were repulsed, notwithstanding the succours sent them from the City, and the Can∣non which did their part, and could not do bette•• than leave three or four dead upon the place; and among the rest, one called Forest, who was much lamented, because of his valour, and the service that he had done the City, who was the next day Interred with much honour.

At this same time Cardinal Richelieu sent •• Trumpeter to Rochel with a Letter, exhorting them to come to a Treaty for Peace, saying, that he had the Order of the King for it, who for the fa∣cilitating of it, was retired to Paris, leaving to them the choice of the place for Treaty: It was offered to be at one of their Gates, promising to send thither Monsieur Hallier, or others. The thing was brought into deliberation in the Coun∣cil of War assembled to that end, but some op∣posed it with a high hand, carrying it against the Mayor, and the greatest part of the Council, e∣ven by threats, to raise the People against them, if they should enter into such a Conference, which (as they said) tended to the ruine of the City: And so this Proposition came to nothing.

1628. February The 25th and 26th, with the Night-tide rose an impetuous Storm, which broke part of the floating Chain, and some of the mured Ships, sending to the City a quantity of Wood, and cross Timber, and two Piles of the Fessine, or Britch of the Ma∣chine: The common people running out to carry away what they could of the Wrack, the Can∣non, which played upon them, killed one Maid, hurt some others, and dismounted a Trooper, without doing him any other harm.

The 29th, in the night, a Galliot was sent from Rochel to England, to hasten the succours, and pas∣sed without any obstruction.

MARCH.

[ March.] The 3d of March the Rochellers received a Let∣ter by Land from Sieur David, Vincent, and De∣hinse, dated the 4th of February, writ in Cyphers, which imported, that in the Month of March, or April at farthest, the Fleet would be ready to car∣ry them succours of Men, Victuals, and necessary Munitions, which rejoyced much the City tho∣roughout; the Letter was as followeth.

Gentlemen,

HAving received yours by Sieur de Bausay, we have so pressed the sending Provisions, that Monsieur D••hinse was gone for Plymouth to have managed them, but meeting by the way the Sieur Gorribon, who in his passage towards Britain having met the Kings Navy Royal, they believed that the Convoy being weak, they would indubitably be all taken; whereupon re∣turning, we have represented to his Majesty your Con∣dition, and obtained a Promise of a Puissant Naval Army for your succour, in March or April for cer∣tain;

1628. March. and in the interim, they will run the adventure of some small Vessels with Corn. Have good courage, for without delay you will be supplied with Men, and all Provisions: Keep in order, and make provisions of Shalloops.

Messieurs,

Your most humble and obe∣dient Servants,

• David.
• Vincent.

London, Feb. 4. 1628.

At this same time were fixed many Ships in se∣veral places of the Digue, besides those there be∣fore, and were fastened one to another by great Cables, to hinder the passing of any thing.

The 6th, there was a skirmish between the Be∣siegants, and those of the Fort Tadon, without any great loss on one or the other side.

The 11th, Cardinal Richelieu, the Kings Lieute∣nant General, having (as is said) secret Intelli∣gence with some of Rochel, environed it with 8000 Horse and Foot, bringing a great number of Lad∣ders, Bridges, Petars, a quantity of Cordage and Timber, which were carried in ten Chariots unto Plessis, a ruined House, five or six hundred paces distant from the City, the Night being favourable to him for making his approaches, in that it was very dark and windy; his principal design and Enterprise was to Petar the crasie Port of Salines, which is Maubec, to scale the Bastions of Gabal, to essay by Petars Port-Neuf, and that of S. Nicho∣las, to attempt in good earnest the opening of the Chain to break in betwixt the two Forts of Tadon, whilst divers Parties should give false Allarms in

1628. March. divers places, for to divert and divide the Forces of the City; and in this great Expedition, the Marshals Schomberg and Bassompier assisted him, ex∣horting the Infantry, and giving them assurance, that never any Design had less Adventure in it; that his Majesty had in the City eight or nine hun∣dred Confidents, all good men; and that by the opening the Draw-bridges, by the Petars, and the help of the Ladders, means all well ordered, they should with ease render themselves, and almost in Battaillia, in the middle of the Streets, and places of Arms; that they should presently im∣brace an entire Felicity and Fortune with her most precious moveables, and that after such a Glory, there would not be any thing more for them to wish. But whilst these fine words flowed with facility, and the Souldiers hearts leapt for joy, all of a sudden they found the Wheel of their design nailed and pinned, without knowing who to attribute it to, except to the Night, which the Cardinal with reason had chosen, as most dark, had brought the Troops and Executors into con∣fusion; or that the variety of so many several parts of the design, might bring an intanglement, or some ill understanding in the Army: whatever it was, that night was spent until day-light, with∣out enterprising any thing, except the viewing the Ports by some bold Souldiers, who knocked there, and at the first Draw-bridge; the Centi∣nels of the City, who were watchful enough in their places, not hearing any thing of it.

Cardinal Richelieu seeing his design upon Rochel to fail, the twelfth Ditto in the night, he under∣took another upon the Fort Tadon, to try if he could succeed better there; and to that end, he

1628. March. chose the Flower of his Army, which he divide•• into three Battalions: In the first were Gentle∣men of Companies, as the Forelorn-Hope, which were betwixt 150 and 200, commanded by the Sieurs Marilac and Surdis, Capt. in the Regiment•• of Guards: The second made the Body of the Battaille, where Marshal Schomberg commanded in his own Person, and had about eight hundred of the most sprightful, bold, and vigorous Souldiers in the Army, with the Flower of the Gentry▪ The third, which was the greatest, was the Re∣serve, winged with the Cavalry, without ingaging with the others. Thus ordered, they marched without making any noise unto the Head of the Fort Tadon, each Musqueteer having a Cover, that they might not be discovered: but before a∣ny thing was enterprised, they sent thirty Soul∣diers to pass the Sands of the Channel, to see if the Tide were at the lowest, being willing to vex the Court of Guard of Tevaille, and Port of two Mills; and by giving an Allarm on that side, to assure so much the more their Enterprise upon the Fort Tadon, which are almost opposites; they sent a cunning Souldier to the Port of S. Nicholas, to hallow to those that were upon the guard of the Gate, in the name of those of the Fort, that they should not shoot, for some reasons known to him, and advised the same all along the Curtain of the said Fort, that they had a contrary design to act upon the Assiegants, who would come to them all along by the Sea, and that they could not shoot in the confusion of that mixture, but with more pre∣judice to those of the Fort, than to the Assailants; which advice they received, and was the cause that they fired n••••t, understanding that shooting would

1628. March. give an Allarm to the City. This Evening com∣manded in the Fort by lot the Sieur Pontlevain, a Gentleman of Xaintonge, who besides his Compa∣ny, had five others with him, four French, and one English. The Centinel heard a noise upon the Beech of the Sea-shore, but the Wind being North, hindering his hearing, occasioned him to hearken more attentively on that side, and perceived, as he thought, a great Shadow which floated the height of a man before him, without being able to di∣scern what it should be: nevertheless, he shot his Musquet, and by the light of it discovered the Battalions, and saw them already in their approa∣ches. Their Captain seeing himself discovered, marched two of his first Troops by the Sea, as if he would go to the Port S. Nicholas, and advanced betwixt the City and the Fort, over against Ga∣but, to have the Wind on their backs, (which blew impetuously in the eyes of those of the said Fort) and afterwards having discovered their Match, commanded them with a loud voice the first At∣tack, to which they submitted, without disputing; and above all, the Gentlemen in the Forelorn-Hope: but they found the Garrison in good con∣dition, and well disposed to receive them, and the Fort less accessible than they thought of. At first, and almost all the time, during the Storm, the Cap∣tains of the Fort were resolved not to shoot, be∣cause they thought they had no shot to lose, and that they should have occasion enough of exercise in this business, which they saw begun with good Conduct, and believed would be pursued with a long obstinacy: but this, as reasonable as it was, came not to pass; for the first having gone brisk∣ly on unto the brink of the Ditch, and having

1628. March. there encountred an Intanglement by the Palli∣sade which was along the Sea-side, and were hot∣ly saluted in the Front and Flank by the Musque∣teers, and some shot with stones. Marshal Schom∣berg came himself to charge; but seeing his Soul∣diers in disorder, retired and went a little aside, where he rallied, as if he intended to have re∣turned, which was that that made those of the Fort spare their shot, reserving them for a second Charge; but the Marshal contented himself with retreating with his dead and wounded men, which was not perceived by the Fort, until he had turned Head for his Retreat, and then they were pinched in the Britch with Cannon shot of stones, as well from the City, as from the Fort, besides with some small shot: The Wind was so great, that not one of the first shot was heard in the City; and it was a surprise upon those of S. Nicholas, to hear that the Allarm should not be given until day, and that the Assailants had not altogether dispaired. The day being come, there was but ten found dead, and some hurt among the Enterprisers, the rest ha∣ving beegn carried away by their Comrades, as it was afterwards known by some Souldiers who came from the Army to the City, where they re∣ported, that there were eighty or a hundred men slain, and a great many wounded; but as to those in the Fort, there were none either killed or wounded.

The 14th, the Rochellers held an extraordinary Day of Thanksgiving, in all their Churches, for this Deliverance, with Prayers to God, to conti∣nue for the future, his Protection of them.

The 22th, with the Night-tide, about five a Clock in the Evening, Sieur John David, Captain

1628. March. of a Pinnace of War, coming from England, pas∣sed thorough the whole Naval Army, and all the Ship-Pallisades, taking the side of Port-Neuf, and came into Rochel without the loss of a man, not∣withstanding that about two hundred Cannon shot, and an infinite number of Musquets which were shot at him, as well from the Ships, as all the Batteries; that which put him in most danger in his passage being the Galliots, which pursued him very near the Chain, though he played his Cannon and Murtherers at them as they came near to him: However, he arrived safe and sound, only he cast into the water his Packet of Letters, for fear he should have been taken, having been three times in danger, which were found afterwards by those of the Pallisade.

With the same Tide, about six a Clock in the Evening, Captain John Martin, called Sacremore, commanding also a Pinnace of War, passed in the same manner as the other had done, drawing after her a Prize laden with Bourdeaux Wine; but the Sea ebbing, he found not water enough to enter the City; so that his Prize run ashore against the Pallisades, and was presently boarded, and taken by the Galliots; but as to himself, he run in the Owze, or Mud, on the side of the Fort Tadon, with∣in half a Musquet shot off the City, from whence by a Shalloop he got into the City, and carried his Packet to the Mayor; at mid-night (the Tide being at lowest) those of Coureille came to attacque this Vessel, bringing many Ladders to mount her with, as also Wood and Fire to burn her, in case they could not carry her away; but though there were not remaining more than ten men, they defended themselves with so much vigour and courage, that

1628. March. they gave time to those of the City to succour them, and with the Morning-tide to bring her in∣to the Port, having lost in this Combate five men, and three wounded. There was in these two Pin∣naces betwixt 25 and 30 Tun of Corn, as well Wheat as Rye, and other Provisions and Refresh∣ments, which belonged to particular persons.

There was great joy for the entry of these Pin∣naces; above all, because of the Packet which the last had preserved, where was the Copies of all the dispatches that the Deputies had to that time writ; and a History of their Negotiation, as fol∣loweth.

Gentlemen,

WE doubt not but you as well as we are troubled and perplexed touching the English Army, forasmuch as you have neither re∣ceived the Men, nor the Provisions promised; and by your Envoy, it seems, that the Duke was obliged to have stayed our return; and as this hath administred to us matter of diversity of thoughts, it may also have been the occasion of many discourses amongst you, and possibly of scruples; and therefore we are very glad that this occasion presents it self so to purpose, which we shall make use of for rendring you a particu∣lar account both of our Voyage, and what we have done since our arrival in this place. You may without doubt, Gentlemen, remember, that we were all three happily imbarked in a small English Pinnace which we brought to you; the Master of which not finding the Fleet hesitated at first whether he should undertake the Voyage, but we incouraged him to it, and he followed our

1628. March. Course from Thursday to Saturday, without hear∣ing any news of the Army, but towards Noon we discovered it towards Ʋschant, and in the E∣vening we reached the Reer-guard; and so hap∣pily, that we re-encountred the Dukes Ship; and so soon as he heard that we were there, appeared upon the Hatches to bid us welcom, without ne∣vertheless obliging us to come aboard. The next day about Noon, when we were near en∣tering into the Narrow Seas, he caused himself to be set aboard our Pinnace, and drawing us a∣part, told us, that the Wind being come good, his Captains would not lose the opportunity of it; that in the mean time he had given order, that the Corn, Hay, and the other small Ves∣sels, should go to you, but he understood that they had followed the Army, for which at their arrival they should render him an account. And further, that he was come into our Ship, having given order to all the rest of the Fleet to go to Portsmouth, whilst he would go with us to Plimouth, where he hoped to find the Earl of Holland, and the succours designed us, and give such Orders in our affairs, as we should be well content with. Accordingly, on Monday the 22th, we landed at Plimouth, where we met a part of the Fleet, and particularly our French, which were in a most pitiful condition; and the Duke, according to his hopes, met there also the Earl of Holland, with whom having dis∣course, and read some Letters his Majesty writ to him: He immediately sent for us, and in pre∣sence of the said Earl declared, that the Inten∣tion of the King his Master was to assist us with lla his Might: that if the succours were not arrived

1628. March. in time, the blame ought not to be imputed o∣therwise than to the Winds which had failed them three times, (and that the third time was the same day we arrived, but believed that some Vessels would gain your Port) that for the time to come, we should resent the effects of his good will; and for the present, wished us to advise among our selves of the most pressing necessities: Upon which offer, returning him thanks, we repre∣sented Hunger as our most dangerous Ene∣my at present; and therefore supplicated the Duke to remember the promise that he had made us for Corn, to give order for return∣ing our French, and to add to them two or three hundred English, who suffereth in the present necessity. Upon this we left him, and the same day were visited by Monsieur Dolbier, who entertained us upon the two Heads of our Demand, and upon the last (to wit) the Soul∣diers, asked if we understood that they should be armed: To which we answered, that nothing was more necessary, the City being very much un∣provided of Arms, having lost a great number in their late Rencounters. Upon the other Head, to wit, of Corn, we found our selves as Mer∣chants upon Thorns, he representing to us some Emence expences that the King had been at in this Affair, and that he must maintain it in the future: Beside that, he told us, that the Duke had spent more than one hundred thou∣sand pounds Sterling of his own Estate. In brief, to bring it to a Head, he desired to know of us, if we could assure the payment of it. Now though we desired to procure this Easement, and make as if it was sent you freely, nevertheless,

1628. March. fearing that by being obstinate in it, we should lose all; or at least, that things would be so delayed, that it would be very prejudicial to you, we ingaged that you should receive, with great Resentment of Obligation, if it would please the Duke to make only the advance, and render it to you at the Head of the Bay, whither you would send to meet it, and give order for payment. We know very well, that this An∣swer was a trouble to him; yet the next morning he came to our Lodgings, and told us, that as to the Souldiers, the thing was agreed accord∣ing to our desire; and for the Corn, the Duke had reckoned upon five and twenty thousand pounds, and had established a certain Fond for other 25000 l. to the end to buy Provisions for us, and that we should understand it from his own mouth: And indeed, going after Dinner to try the issue, he confirmed to us the one, and the other; and told us, he would leave the Execu∣tion of all to his Vice-Admiral, who was pre∣sent, and who is his Creature, and one of his Domesticks, who he made expresly to remain there to that end, demanding further of us, whether we would have the Ships sent away one after another, as they should be laden, or send a∣way what they could at present, which would come to ten thousand Francks, and send the rest altogether with a Powerful Convoy. And ha∣ving referred this to his Prudence, the Earl of Holland, who was there, concluded, that the last advice was to be followed: And so it was agreed, that one Ship of two hundred Tun should be at present sent away with so much Corn, and in the same all our French, order being given for the

1628. March. nourishment of them, whilst they waited for a Wind. After this, the Duke told us, he would take Post for Portsmouth, to give Orders about the Army, and cause the English, as we desired, to be dispatched with the first: and in the mean time, that we should go streight to London, where he should not be wanting in all good Offi∣ces possible: Upon which the Earl of Holland ta∣king the word, represented with great vehemen∣cy how much his Majesties intentions are for our good, and that we ought not to have any fear of ever being abandoned, and that this was but a beginning of what should be well prosecuted; and that besides the Fleet which he now sends us, he would prepare another, and that we should see the same, if they had any Ships. All was con∣cluded with our returning thanks, and the Duke taking Post as he had said, advised us to remain here a little, to see what diligence would be in performing what they promised us. Yesterday we saw not here any other advancement, than that they provided for the nourishment of our poor French in the absence of the Vice-Admiral; and having this day met with him, we have ob∣tained for our said Countrymen 6 d. Sterl. per day, which is the most the King allows in this place, and which is an honest allowance, suffi∣cient for them to live on, we having put them under the Conduct of Monsieur Savignac Ensign, and Monsieur de la Lande, that they together may have an eye upon the Money which shall be distri∣buted to the Souldiers, and see it faithfully done. We cannot conceal from you, that this Ensign hath attacqued us with insolent and injurious dis∣course in the presence of the Duke: As for

1628. March. Corn, we understand, that all possible diligence is used for the lading of it; so that our sojourn∣ing here being no longer requisite, we do intend, God willing, to depart to morrow for London, but by different ways; (viz.) two of us by Bri∣stol, where the Ship is, which from the beginning was designed us by the Duke, in which are our Men, Goods and Papers; and the third, which will be Sieur Vincent, by the way of Portsmouth, not to be far from the Duke of Buckingham, and to discourse the Duke of Soubize. In brief, Gen∣tlemen, have, if you please, this considence in us, that we shall not spare either pains or care for the discharging our selves, the best we can, of the business you have been pleased to trust us with, and commit unto us, and shall advertise you as oft as we can of whatsoever shall pass. We ought not to omit, that besides the Army im∣barked with the Earl of Holland, which were three thousand Souldiers, there are six thousand more, which the King hath in pay about this place, not reckoning the Scots, which are assu∣redly ready, and yet are levying other Troops; so that from all sort of appearance we are made believe, that they do intend to succour us in good earnest, and we hope, that in the mean time, God will fortifie you: Some of those who inte∣rest themselves in your Affairs, seem to be of O∣pinion, that you will be abandoned, but we hope you will provide Antidotes against such evil sug∣gestions, for we are confident, that their fears are vain, and that things are in such a condition, as give us cause of hoping well; and therefore retreat not to the hearkening to a Peace, which will be ruinous, as without doubt it will be such,

1628. March. if his Majesty intercede not in it: whereas if it please God to bless the good intentions from this side, we shall have wherewith to do well, and such as will not leave more leaven for a following War: There remains yet one thing more to advise you of, that when the first Corn is arriv'd, that you would be pleased to give order for the ready payment for it, for you cannot but judge of what consequence that will in the future be; and therefore we cannot cease recommending the advantage to you: We will not write you any thing of the price, for having spoken to the Duke about that, he told us, that he intended that your selves should set it; but possibly these are words of Complements, upon which we ought not to depend: He reiterated his desire of having you send him Pilots, you may please therefore to advise thereof, as also to keep your promise of sending frequently Pinna∣ces to us, to inform us of your necessities, and thereby render our Instances the more powerful, by grounding them upon fresh advice, which is so necessary, that we cannot recommend it pres∣singly enough. We beg it of you again, and re∣fer you to Sieur Faux, the Bearer hereof, to com∣municate to you what we may have omitted: We will not add more at present, than to address our prayers to him who hath been hitherto your Keeper, that he will still incompass you with his Protection.

We are,

Gentlemen,

Your most humble, and most obedient Servants,

• David,
• Vincent,
• Dehinse.

Plymouth, Novemb. 25. 1627.

1628. March.

When it shall please you to write, be pleased to direct your Letters to Monsieur Host.

Another Letter of the Deputies of Rochel, to their Superiours.

Gentlemen,

THis is our third since our arrival in this Isle. We writ from Plymouth the 24th past, and from Bristol eight or ten days after, without troubling you with the repetition of what we have desired for you: We shall now give you an account of what we have since done here, where we arrived the sixth Current; we addres∣sed our selves to the Duke, who received us with demonstration of most particular good-will and kindness, and the same hour he was the means of our Audience by his Majesty, to whom having had the Honour to pay our Respects, Monsieur David returned him most humble thanks for con∣cerning himself upon the account of our Op∣pression, representing to him how much it was aggravated since he had shewed his kindness to us, adding then a most earnest Supplication for a ready and powerful assistance of you: We read in the Countenance of his Majesty the gracious Answer which he made us, amounting in sum to assure us, that though the success had not an∣swered his good Intentions, he would neverthe∣less continue to assist us to the making our Cause his own; adding, that he should make the Er∣rours committed in what had been done, Ad∣vertisements to him for the time to come: The Duke being present, and hearing what the King

1628. March. said to us, as he had in••••oduced us, so in like manner he brought us back. Some days follow∣ing we spent in waiting upon the Privy Council, amongst whom there were some that received us with great humanity, and assured us, that the In∣clinations of his Majesty were so carried out for us, that we needed no Intercessors; and amongst the rest, one said, that his Discourses by day, and Dreams in the Night, were nothing but of our Affairs; and another Principal Person ad∣ded, that he would rather lose his Crown, than not to make good his word to us. These Com∣plemental Visits did not so take up our time, but we applied our selves to the most Essential of our Affairs, and judging that the sending of Corn was most to be pressed, we addressed our selves for that to the Duke, especially for that we understood that the Order given at Plymouth was to our great grief revoked; but thereunto he answered, that since his arrival in this place, they had found Corn much cheaper here, and in far greater quantity, than in other places, which had made him change his Order; saying further, that from that time they had with diligence in∣dustriously applied themselves to the buying of it; and by our continual solicitation since, it is in such forwardness, that a great quantity of Corn is ready, wanting nothing but Vessels, which we must hire, and agree for the Fraight, but we know not yet what Convoy they will give us; the Wind being contrary, hath kept some in Plymouth, which they did design to that purpose: Nevertheless, we are assured of some, and in all appearance will be ready in a few days to set sail, if God give an opportunity: With the

1628. March. Corn you will receive, besides French, four or five hundred English Souldiers which we have procured, with order for paying of them; as also of those that you have already, both for the time passed, and to come. So soon as we are over this business, we shall press the other Heads, contained in the Memorials, which you gave us in Charge; but the importance of this would not suffer us to traverse any other Proposition. Moreover, it is the good pleasure of his Majesty, not to limit himself in his assistance with Provisions, but gives us hope of a plentiful supply which is preparing, and for which the City of London hath lately fur∣nished him with 12000 l. but we cannot think that they will be ready before the Spring. The Duke of Soubize, who arrived here a day after us, improves all his power, being exceeding well received by his Majesty, and in singular good in∣telligence with the Duke; so that he contributes not a little to our Affairs, in which we also inte∣rest him with us, as in a Cause which is common to us all: That which confirms us in the hopes that they will in good earnest imbrace our de∣fence, is the Answer that they have given lately to the King of Denmark's Ambassador, who of∣fers a Mediation for the Accommodation of the two Crowns, & particularly desires a more puissant assistance at Sea; but without in any kind touching this Proposition, they gave him only for answer, that his Majesty would continue to him, as he hath hitherto done, all the assistance promised; and when he hath need of Ships▪ he can be ac∣commodated therewith by the King of Swede, and the States, who have their Commerce in the Baltick. You see, Sirs, the present condition of

1628. March. your Affairs, and we shall not be wanting in ad∣vertising you of the Progress, as we also be∣seech you frequently to impart to us the parti∣culars of your Condition, even by Express Pin∣naces, it being so absolutely necessary, that we cannot forbear reiterating our Supplications herein. We have received yours of the 24th passed, and do perceive what order you say you have given for payment of the English with you, which we have made use of, according to what you have thereof writ us. The Proceedings of the Captains are very much disliked, but yours such, as give great satisfaction: The said Cap∣tains will receive the Kings Commands when the Corn shall be dispatched, which possibly will not be to the contentment of them all; in the mean time, it will not be displeasing, that you oblige them to keep to their Duty. We have hereto∣fore writ to you, touching the Ship of Monsieur le Mayor, taken by the English, and carried to Bri∣stol, and how they would have condemned her, and were upon the point to have done it, alledg∣ing divers reasons for it; above a••l, the Deposi∣tion made of the Equipage, in which the Mayor hath very little share; but we have so sollicited the Duke, that by his Authority, as High-Admi∣ral, he hath suspended Proceedings for this Week, and we shall endeavour all we can to pro∣cure an entire deliverance; but we beseech you, that for the future, the desire of protecting o∣thers, may not indanger the losing of our own, and not to give any Pass-port which may render others suspitious, for here they are very exact. We shall add, for the closing of this, that having some days passed seen the Ambassador of Holland••

1028. March. who is a Person most affectionate for us, we un∣derstand from him, that the States had resolved to send Ambassadours to the two Kings, to en∣deavour an Agreement; and that they were to depart the 25th of Novemb. which none can hin∣der, if they have not changed their resolution; if they pass this way, they will discover here whether their Inclinations are disposed for a re∣al accomplishment of those things you were pro∣mised by the Peace: Time will shew us the suc∣cess of this Enterprise; in the mean time, we pray God that by this, or any other way, we may arrive at a Peace in effect, as well as in name, and that there may not be hid under her Ashes matter for a new Quarrel: whatever it be, we are assured, that if any Propositions thereof be made, you will do us the favour to advertise us readily of it, and that you will not take any Re∣solutions without his Majesty; otherwise, if they hear any thing on this side to the contrary, it will entirely ruine your Affairs. We will not trouble you further, than to assure you, that we are both by Duty and Affection,

Messieurs,

Your most humble, and most obedient Servants,

• David,
• Vincent,
• Dehinse.

London, Decemb. 25. 1627.

POSTSCRIPT.

Messieurs,

WE advised you by ours from Plymouth, that whether we apprehended the Intention of the

1628. March. Duke aright or not, it is certainly in shew for the pro∣viding of Corn, which shall be sent you; and we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 reiterate our advice (if you please) to make good and ready payment for it, lest otherwise they should sen•• you hereafter no more.

Gentlemen,

WE sent you a Copy of the substance of this by the Sieur Pepin, one of our Fellow Citizens, who parted this day from this City, taking his way by Do∣ver, for the lading his Bark with Wheat, and other Commodities for Rochel; and though he r••••kons to set sail with the first Wind, we judge it necessary to send you this by Plymouth, yet have nothing to add, save that we are assured, that the Corn the Duke should send to your City, is lading with all diligence, together with a great quantity of Bisquet, Beer, Beef, Pork Salted, Cheese, Butter, and other Commodities; and that all (God willing) will be ready to sail by the end of this Month, at the furthest, under a puissant Convoy of Ships of War. These are from, Scile of France.

London, January 7. 1628.

Messieurs,

Yours, &c.

Gentlemen,

WE have by all our former given you an account of our Negotiations since we arrived here, and of the diligence we have used to procure the sending of Provisions to you; if the effects have not appeared to you so soon as we have desired, and your necessities re∣quired, it is not from want of affection on this side, and much less of our solicitation, but from the difficulty of getting Ships in those places where the Corn was to be laden, and contrary Winds for sending them from the

1628. March. places where they were hired, to the Ports where they were to take in their lading. But the Sieur Bossay, be∣ing arrived from you the sixteenth Current, we have made such pressing Instances, that a resolution is taken to send away what is ready, that it may be to you an Earnest and Assurance of the rest. And to confirm you further, his Majesty and his Council finds it necessary, that one of us should make a journey to you, to inform you particularly of the good intentions they have here for you, and of the preparations that they are making for your assistance. Though each of us desire to take this Voyage, we have agreed upon Monsieur Dehinse, our Collegue, and yesterday we went with him to take his leave of his Majesty; he will tell you the good words that we then had, which were such, as we think it our duty to give you in his own terms: (viz.) Receive not this as a Succour, but as a small Refreshment, to give Life and Courage to your City, until the season of the year will permit a more powerful as∣sistance to be sent you: Assure your selves, that I will assist you in such measure, as I will procure you a good Peace from the King of France, or oblige those that incompass you to retire: Nay, assure your City, that I will never abandon you. Whereupon the Duke undertaking to speak, told us, you see, Messieurs, you have the Word of a King for this; and all the rest Sieur Dehinse will illustrate to you more particularly, having with him the Request we presented to the Council the fourteenth present, as well as the Project betwixt his Majesty and us, which hath been since agreed upon. If at first you apprehend that we superfluously dilate and discourse, Sieur Dehinse will give you the Reasons and Motives for it; as also the necessity we have had to make use of the uttermost power you have given us. In the mean time you may

1628. March. be assured, that so far as we can judge, they have 〈◊〉〈◊〉 here other than sincere intentions. We promise o••••∣selves, that receiving this beginning of assistance with all sort of gratitude, you will establish so good an or∣der for the ready sale, and consequently sure payme•••• of the Provision, which shall be sent you, as will i••∣courage all others to supply you hereafter. For •••• parts, we shall continue to labour to prevent your be∣ing in any want, and to execute, so far as is in o•• power, all that you have by your Instructions given •••• in Charge. We beseech you further, that for our ne∣cessary assistance you will speedily return to us Monsie•••• Dehinse, who informing us of your Condition, wi•••• contribute much to the hastening of the Preparations▪ and it will be needful, that every three Weeks, or Mon•••• at least, you send one to us. We refer you to Monsieur Dehinse, to tell you the advantage that we have made of Monsieur de Bossays arrival, and to testifie his wor∣thy acquitting the hazardous Commission that you have given him; and now there remains nothing, save our prayers to God, to fortifie you, and to pour out his Blessing upon the Justice of your Arms, until we i•• the end obtain a good Peace: And this is the Prayers of those that are,

Messieurs,

Your most humble, and most obedient Servants,

• David.
• Vincent.

London, Jan. 29. 1628.

Gentlemen,

IF the two last we sent by Land, since the arrival of Sieur Gorribon, are come to your hands, they will acquaint you with the substance of what we shall more particularly hereby inform you: Our

1628. March. instant sollicitations having in the end obtained a Convoy of Corn, Bisquet, Beer, Flesh, and other Provisions, and judging it necessary that one of us should accompany it, Monsieur Dehinse went hence to that end, the thirtieth passed, and is the Messenger of the good words his Majesty hath given us, according as we have mentioned in those we have sent you by him: But having the same day met Sieur Gorribon, he informed us of the success of his Voyage, which he had been constrained to take by Sea, and how he met at the height of Bell-Isle the Naval Army, who assu∣redly intended to go to you; but they judging that the Men of War ordered for the security of this Convoy, could not prevent its falling into the hands of those who block you up, they returned hither with the Sieur Gorribon, who gave us yours dated Decemb. 30. We went immediately to the Duke, and by his means presented a new Request to the Council, representing your extremity; and that if you were not with all speed relieved, you would be lost without recovery. This gave a hot Allarm; and the Admiralty sent us word, that assuredly they should, within six Weeks, set out a Fleet puissant enough to shock those that are in your Road; and in the mean time, since your ne∣cessities are so great, they were resolved to lade with all diligence the Provisions in small Ships, for to send them you under the favour of a good Wind, that they may pass by stealth. This is the advice that we sent you by Land by two several Messengers, who went hence the fourth Current: Since this, all our imployment hath been to solli∣cit the speedy dispatching of the Provisions, for which we have obtained a promise; and that the

1628. March. Earl of Denby, the Dukes Brother-in-law, should with all diligence go to Plymouth, to give neces∣sary orders for the same. Whilst these things were in doing, Monsieur David delivered us yours of the 24th passed, and informed us of your Condition by word of mouth, having arrived here the seventh in the Evening. In the Morn∣ing we waited upon the Duke, and delivered him a Letter as from you, which was one of your signed Blanks, and after Dinner we were con¦ducted by him, and the Duke of Soubize, to his Majesty, to whom we presented yours, which we seconded with new and most instant supplicati∣ons, and in terms which shewed a vehement E∣motion: His Answer was, that he had prevented our Demands, for that orders for all that we desired was given. After which, he having en∣quired of us the particular Estate of the City, and being answered by us according as you had particularly writ, touching the Propositions which had been made you, and your Answer, he said, it was done like honest men; and he assu∣red, for his part, he would never forsake you▪ Much contented with these good words we pas∣sed away the day following, expecting some ef∣fects, and the next day we waited upon the Duke, begging of him, that the departure of his Bro∣ther-in-law might not be longer deferred; but the Dutchess, his Lady, being in Labour, we could not come to speak with him: but under∣standing, in the Evening, that she was happily de∣livered of a Son, we took occasion, in the morn∣ing, to go and testifie the share we took, and that which we knew you would take in his Joy; in which having evidenced a particular satisfaction,

1628. March. he assured us, that without doubt his Brother-in∣law would depart next morning, which is to day; and that a Resolution was taken, to Convoy by Men of War, all the small Vessels laden with Pro∣visions, conducting them to the height of Bayonne, and there wait a good Wind to make all pass at once: And to that end, they expected that we should furnish them with good Pilots, they ha∣ving put them in hopes at Plymouth, that we should send them some thither. Upon this, we again assured the same, and that Sieur Dehinse should to that end go to Plymouth, and if need were, should imbark himself with the Earl of Denby, to assist him with his advice, as there should be occasion, not judging that at present he would sail directly to your City. This he seem'd to accept of, as very agreeable, and accordingly Sieur Dehinse hath prepared to depart to mor∣row, and will write you more particularly of the success of the Voyage. In the mean time, we commit this to the care of Captain David, to the end, that if he come first to you, as he hopes by the assistance of God to do, you may be informed of the Progress we have been able to make hitherto; he will tell you by word of mouth the good words we have from his Maje∣sty, having carried him with us when we went to deliver him yours; the thing we have only in doubt is, whether the Fleet can be ready in the time they put you in hopes of: But we assure our selves, that if you can be refreshed with Victu∣als, you may well patient your selves some Weeks, in expectation from hence: However it is, it seems by all that we can see, that it is in good earnest that they imbrace your Affairs; and

1628. March. because it requires an Immense Expence, they have resolved of having a Parliament the seven∣teenth of March next, from whom they hope for good on your behalf: In the mean time they as∣sure us, that they have at present a Fond for the the War; and that it need not be feared, but the Parliament will provide for us. Yesterday we were with the Duke, ••aving communicated to him yours for Holland, he was of advice, not on∣ly to send them; but further, that one of us should go thither, and take the occasion of go∣ing with Monsieur Dolbier, who his Majesty sends thither, as well to buy a quantity of Arms, and some Horse, as to oblige the States to joyn with him for your defence. Upon this we are agreed that Sieur Vincent, who hath Acquaintance there, shall undertake this Voyage; and besides the In∣structions that you have given us, we have given him others that are new, whereof we send you a Copy, having conceived them so, as you will find by the advice of the Duke; and Sieur Vincent hath prepared himself to part hence to morrow. In the mean time, we expect to morrow Messieurs Bragneau, and Gobert, who we hear is land••d at Falmouth, and comes hither by Land: We shall consult together what each of us ought to do for the execution of the Commission you are pleased to give us; and we desire you to believe, that we shall apply our selves thereunto with the most assiduity and vigilance that is possible; and that we are most extremely and sensibly trou∣bled, that we are not able to advance your Af∣fairs more advantagiously. But we have had a double obstruction, the one natural to those of this Climate, the other the great difficulty they

1628. March. have had to get Money, not but the Country a∣bounds in it, but because it is not sought by the ordinary Forms. As to the good affection of the people in general, it seems hitherto (as we can certainly assure you) as much as we can de∣sire. We shall not fail to write you diligently, each of us, from the place where we are going to be scattered; and in the mean time, we jointly assure you, how much we are,

London, Feb. 11. 1628.

Messieurs,

Your most humble, and most obedient Servants,

• David,
• Vincent,
• Dehinse.

Gentlemen,

THe same day we writ to you last, the Sieur Brag∣neau* 12.1 and Gobert arrived, and brought us all yours, and expressed abundantly your necessities, which we together represented to the Duke, with supplications to hasten the effects of his Majesties promises, and ac∣cordingly he dispatched a Courier to have all things in readiness, and ordered, that Monsieur Bragneau, and Dehinse, shall be gone to morrow to establish such or∣ders as shall be judged necessary; it is that which they dispose themselves unto, and will not fail, when they shall be at Plymouth, to write you largely of all they shall do there: We refer all to them, and we shall each in his Province labour to do what shall be for your Affairs, and pray to God that the success may be as we desire. We shall reiterate here what we have ma∣ny times said in our former (to wit) that the Duke not finding at Plymouth the Corn, as he hoped, and not finding him in condition to execute that which we have

1628. March. proposed on his part, as to relieving us upon their Charge, the fear we had that insisting upon having them of gift, would have obstructed all, hindered our pressing the execution of that promise; we only re∣quested him to make the advance, and that you will re∣imburse them from thence. There are some particular Merchants which have laden that which goes to you; and as it is the hope of Gain that induceth them to it, we assure our selves, that your Prudence knows well to judge how much it is of import, that they be contented by you, that others may thereby be obliged to undertake the same. The Wind having staid Sieur Vincent, he is yet here, and therefore can assure you how much it is that we are all,

London, Feb. 14. 1628.

Messieurs,

Your most humble and most obedient Servants,

• David,
• Vincent,
• Dehinse.

A Relation touching the Negotiation of the Deputies of Rochel in England, since the Contents of their Letter of Decemb. 25.

THe third of January, 1628. my Lord Mont∣joy, and the rest who had been taken Pri∣soners in the Isle of Re, arrived at London, being conducted by the Sieur de Meaux, who presented them to the Queen, from the Queen her Mother, who had obtained of the King the sending of them without Ransom, and boasted of the courteous Entertainment which they had received, even that they had been defrayed thorough the Kingdom:

1628 March The Gentleman that brought them (who is a witty man) negotiated with the Principal of the Coun∣cil, for a Treaty of Accommodation, for which the Ambassadours of Denmark had formerly made some Overtures; we observed, that he gave them frequent Visits, and that accordingly they took a sudden resolution to go to France, where we disco∣vered they had a design to pursue that Negotia∣tion.

Upon this we had our double fears, one that these Propositions of Accommodation was but an Artifice for retarding the preparations, the con∣sequence of which we saw from the smalness of the Provisions that we knew was in the City: The other, that in case a Treaty should be agreed on in earnest, it would be to our disadvantage; in that it was unlikely, that after the disgrace at Re, the English would be under the necessary considera∣tion of leaping into that Port and Citadel, which their Arms could not batter; and therefore, upon these grounds, we resolved to endeavour to di∣vert the Duke from hearkening thereunto.

When we sought an opportunity to discourse the Duke in this matter, he preventing it, told us, the eleventh of this Month, that he appre∣hended very well to what end the courteous de∣portment of the French tended, that not to give place to them in courtesie, his Majesty would also send back the French Prisoners, which should be conducted by Monsieur Dolbier. In the mean time, that we should esteem our selves entirely assured (and give the like to those of Rochel) that they would not come upon any thing which shall tend to a Treaty, until that by some notable Exploit they should put themselves into a condition to do

1628. March. it advantageously, both for them and us; that if in France they have any other belief, it cannot but be advantageous to us, because they may thereup∣on abate; whereas on the contrary, as to them, they would redouble their diligence.

It was not a little satisfaction to us to hear him speak in this manner; and above all, when the next day he made us an Overture, to present us to the Council, and to express our just fears with ear∣nestness, that upon the noise which might be scat∣tered of an Accommodation, our Common Af∣fairs might receive prejudice. And thus we have given you a Narrative of the discourse it self.

The 13th, we carried him our Memorial, which having approved, he rendezvoused us next day in his Chamber, where about four in the Evening he came to us himself, and brought us into the Coun∣cil; but before he did it, he held a discourse which filled us full of thoughts, advertising us not to be astonished, if any should enquire what we had to offer to his Majesty in consideration of our demanding his assistance; and above all, what as∣surance we could give the King, if he should in∣gage himself in our further assistance, that the Ci∣ty should not be carried to a particular Treaty: As to himself, he was far from any such thoughts; yet nevertheless, to serve us the more profitably, he desired to know of us what he should say to them, in case they should propose any such thing; and above all, what judgment we should make of an Over••ure for the City to send hither a certain number of Children, of the most considerable Fa∣milies, which being treated Honourably at the Kings Charge, should serve as Hostages for the Faith of the City.

1628. March. This Proposition, notwithstanding the Dukes Artifice, was of a very ill relish to us, and fearing that a sudden Answer could not be so well framed, as that it would not prejudice us, whether in be∣ing too reserved, which might disgust them, and retard the sending of succours, or in yielding too much beyond our Instructions, in such sort, as we should be disowned. We told him in general, that we could give all assurance that Rochel would never deny any reasonable Overtures, for giving all just contentment to his Majesty therein; but as to that which was upon particulars, we most humbly be∣sought him, that as it had pleased him to com∣mand us to couch our desires in writing, that it would likewise please him, to let us be answered in the same manner; to the end, that agreeing a∣mong our selves upon that which hath been pro∣posed to us, that which we have to say may be the better digested.

Having testified his approbation hereof, he led us from thence into the Guilded Chamber, where the King was in full Council; before whom ha∣ving kneeled, and by his Command standing up, Monsieur David represented in brief, that which we had more at large done in writing, which ac∣cordingly he presented.

The King having taken it, gave it us again, and commanded us to read it to him, which we did with a loud and distinct voice, to the end that all might hear it, and was of this Tenure.

The Deputies of the City of Rochel to his mo••t Serene Majesty, having had formerly some advice, that he silently treated for an Accommodation be∣twixt the two Crowns, in which the Ambassadours of the King of Denmark laboured, and finding

1628. March. themselves confirmed in this belief, by the sending a Gentleman as Envoy from France, under pre∣text of conducting some Prisoners, who hath di∣vers times had conference thereupon with the Lords of the Council, and hath also had close Conferences with the Ambassadours of Denmark; and that in prosecution thereof they went readily to Paris, they have thought it their duty most humbly to supplicate his Majesty to give them Au¦dience, to the end they may give him and the Lords of the Council, to understand what they be∣lieve is their necessary duty to represent upon this occasion.

First, they find themselves obliged to acknow∣ledge they have already had the Honour to render to his Majesty their most humble thanks; and de∣sire now to reiterate the same, for that it hath pleased him, from his own good and proper mo∣tion, to hold it incumbent upon him to make good to them his Royal Word, in reference to the Ar∣ticles of Peace, which the King their Soveraign had agreed with him concerning them in the year 1626. and for the execution of the same, had sent upon their Coasts a puissant Army, under the Conduct of his great Admiral, in the Month of July 1 st.

A•• his Majesty in this assistance hath made his Piety and Gene••osity appear to all the World, and th•• entire confidence that may be put in his Royal Word, by all those to whom he gives it, so we hold it indubitable, that he will be pleased to make it seen by us, how happily they are protected, whom he undertakes to defend with his Arms; and that as they are invincible, so his Prudence cannot be circumvented by any Artifice.

1628. March. Hereupon they supplicate him, in all humility, to consider what is the true end that those pro∣pose to themselves, who manage these Overtures, and bring in debate the Propositions for a Treaty.

It is true, that Peace is desirable above all things, and the City, for which they act, have an ardent passion for it, especially being but newly delivered from the miseries of two Wars succes∣sively.

But the question is, whether the present con∣juncture considered, that which is proposed is the true means to arrive at it; and whether, in the contrary, there is not cause to fear, that it is a snare extended for their ruine; which (if it please not his Majesty to provide against) they see it most inevitable, making no doubt but this Negotiation draws with it these necessary consequences.

First, That though it may not slacken the true and good affection of his Majesty, whereof they have an entire confidence, yet it may at least the diligence of my Lords, his Ministers, in their pre∣parations for their succours, considering that the Treaty coming towards a conclusion, the interces∣sors for it will not (without doubt) be wanting, in designingly giving all imaginable hopes, which out of frugality may retard preparations; and now the least delay will be their ruine, considering the condition in which they find themselves.

Secondly, The news of Treating being noised, will certainly keep at home those who prepare themselves to take Horse so soon as the Spring ap∣pears, there being nothing more imprudent, than to put on Harness, when Peace is ready to be made.

Thirdly, The bruit of a Treaty will indanger

1628. March. the dissipating the Duke of Rohan's Troops, Ex∣perience having always shewed, that Forces of the nature of his, composed of Volunteers with∣out pay, are easily scattered by any hopes of Ac∣commodation, every one being impatient of re∣turning home to his own house.

Fourthly, The worst is, that during this delay, those who besiege their City, will with ease build all their Forts, and finish their Line on the Land side, assemble their Naval Army, which is not yet in a good condition; they will work at the Digue (or Bank) which they have begun, without loosing one moment, and at shutting the passage by Sea, and inaccessibly imbarrass their Haven: The Pro∣visions which remained in the City, after their fur∣nishing his Majesties Army, will be presently con∣sumed. In brief, the Affairs are in such a state, that the opportunity of relieving them being pas∣sed, all the Forces of Europe will not be able to do any thing, and then consequently, the Treaty now proposed will vanish; his Majesty will be deri∣ded, and the City which hath ingaged with him, will necessarily be forced to render, and submit to the rage of a Victorious and irritated Master.

As his Majesty knows well how to judge of the validity of these Reasons and Consequences, so they supplicate him in all humility, that notwith∣standing all the practices that may have been used to the contrary, he will provide that there may be no slackning, in any kind, of the necessary diligence for preparing the relief which it hath pleased him to promise them: And since the Convoy of Men and Victuals is almost ready, by the great care that the Duke of Buckingham High-Admiral hath taken, it would please him to command the whole Navy

1628. March. to set sail with the very first, in expectation 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his Majesty may by his Forces do some 〈◊〉〈◊〉 worthy of the puissance of so great a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and oblige those to think seriously of a good 〈◊〉〈◊〉, who at present have no intentions 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it.

This is word for word as we read it; and we 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that the King, at the word 〈◊〉〈◊〉 smiled, looking upon the President of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 who was on his right hand, and the Duke 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was next to him, and said something to them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 English which we could not hear, but by his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 we apprehended, that he declared his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to it. As to all the rest, both he and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 heard it very attentively, and commanded us 〈◊〉〈◊〉 deliver our Writing to my Lord Conway, Se∣••••etary of State, the King promising us to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of it: Then we took our leave with a Serene ••ountenance, without having any of the Proposi∣••••ons made at that time to us, which the Duke had 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of.

The 16th, which was the Lords day, we devoted 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his service, and the next morning waited upon 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Duke as he rise, who told us, that he, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 more of the Council, were nominated for ••ommissioners, to make a Formal Treaty with us 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Name of his Majesty, which would serve to publish to all the World such a Union between ••im and us, as would put them out of hopes of his ••bandoning us, or that we should leave him by a separate Accommodation: But after this, he came again to the Proposition that he had before made 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and told us, that we were to consider what we could on our parts propound, the better to secure his Majesty, and to oblige him to the great ex∣pence

1628. March. that he must be at, by undertaking in go•• earnest our defence.

To this demand, we judged it safer to interr••¦gate, than to answer, and told him, that the in••¦nite disproportion betwixt us, and so great an•• puissant a Monarch considered, we could not ha•••• so much temerity as to believe, that we had a•••• thing to offer worthy of him, or to put in balanc•• with the glory of so great and generous an actio•• as that will be of relieving us; that great King•• are in this the Image of God, who doth good to them from whom he can receive nothing: Never∣theless, if there were any thing wherein we could testifie to him our entire acknowledgment, and to assure him of the sincerity of our intentions, in ne∣ver making a separate Treaty, we should hearke•• to it with all respect.

Upon this, with difficulty enough, and in words sufficiently confused, as a man who had something to say which he would not express, he touched up∣on two things: First, that which he had before o∣pened, touching some Children to send hither as Hostages: Secondly, that in case of necessity, we would ingage our selves to give retreat to the Kings Sea Forces, as well as Land; and added, that he had desired to confer with us hereupon, before our Conference with the Commissioners; to the end, that before them, there might be no∣thing to debate of, which might be of prejudice to us.

We answered, that since his Majesty had freely offered, that we should draw a Conceipt for a Trea∣ty, we would thereupon discourse the matter a∣mong our selves, frame the Articles, and commu∣nicate them to him with all speed; which he ap∣proved

1628. March. of, and promised to send to us after Din∣ner Monsieur de Vie, his Secretary.

When we were withdrawn, to commune among our selves, we all agreed, that the Dukes two O∣••ertures were dangerous, and a snare, extended against our liberty; and as to the Hostages, that that would be grievous to our Fellow-Citizens, to see themselves bereaved of their Children sent to breath in a strange Air, and to be bound by such dear Pledges. And as to the other, that the con∣sequence of that seemed more great, and the dan∣ger more eminent, since that if they had any thoughts of seizing us, they will have no more to do, than under a colour of seeking retreat, en∣ter the Forts, and so force the City to return to their Ancient Yoak; and that if such an unhappi∣ness should befall us, our City would be an eternal Theater of War, in that the King would never receive us into his favour: But that which was most to be feared was, that the Yoak of their Do∣mination would be too hard to submit willingly unto; and therefore if we must lose our Liber∣ty, right Reason obliges us to remain under our true and legitimate Master, and seek, whilst we may, to make our Conditions with him: but since this was the last remedy, we ought in prudence to prevent the reducing us to such a Condition, and at present to temporize and avoid these Proposi∣tions, so far as was possible, without discontenting them; but if they insisted upon it at a time so im∣portant, as was the present relieving of the City, we must not retard it, by rejecting what they de∣manded, but agree to all, referring it to the Ci∣ty, who afterwards will ratifie so much thereof, as they shall judge necessary for their security.

1628. March. Being all three of this Sentiment, according•• in all our actions we have been most unanimou•• we took Pen and Ink, and framed the Project fo•• a Treaty, to the end that the Articles for th•• same being agreed on by us, and put in writing•• we might barter more securely in our Communica¦tion, whether with the Dukes Secretary, or with the Commissioners; and having long enough con¦ferred together on the matter, we gave him this Conceipt.

The Treaty between the most glorious Prince Charles by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, and the Mayor, Sheriffs, Peers, Burgers, and Inhabi∣tants of the City of Rochel, their Deputies sub∣scribing for them.

THe Deputies of the City of Rochel, provided with full and ample Power, being at present with his most Serene Majesty, and having most humbly supplicated him to take and receive those of the City of Rochel under his Protection and Safeguard, and to make them sensible of the ef∣fects, by an assistance worthy of his Majesty, by the means of which they may be delivered from the oppression they now lie under, and be restored to the favour of their Prince, the most Christian King, and to the enjoyment of an assured Peace; and his most Serene Majesty inclining favourably to this Request, hath granted them his Protection, and accordingly the Articles following have been reciprocally stipulated.

First, As to the said Rochellers, they promise all the aid and favour that is to them possible, for the advancement and happy success of the Arms of

1628. March. his most Serene Majesty, in equipping as many Men of War as is possible for them, for favouring the Sea Army of his Majesty in all their underta∣kings, as in furnishing experienced Pilots for their Neighbour Coasts, and the blocking up of Rivers, in providing for those in their City his Majesty shall give orders to, appointing Maga∣zines and proper places for Store-houses for all sort of Provisions, if it be judged necessary, in receiving Vessels which Storms may constrain to put into their Harbour, or shall be thrust thither by some other necessity, that even in case all the Army of his Majesty should be thereunto pressed, to give them retreat and shelter, and provide for their security.

Secondly, The said Rochellers will not hearken to any particular Accommodation, nor imbrace any Treaty of Peace whatsoever, save with the good liking and entire consent of his Majesty.

Thirdly, If it shall hereafter happen that any Enterprise shall be made on the behalf of France upon the Estates of his Majesty, because of the said assistance, the which he now offers them, they will declare themselves in his favour, and will divert, with all their power, all designs to his pre∣judice.

Fourthly, For the assurance of this, the said Deputies, from this time forward, do promise it in the name of the said Rochellers, and obligeth themselves to cause these Articles to be ratified with a solemn Oath, as well by the Mayor, She∣riffs, and Peers of the Common Hall, as also by all the Burgers and Inhabitants extraordinarily as∣sembled to that end.

Fifthly, As to his most Serene Majesty, he pro∣miseth

1628. March. in the word of a King, to succour them at his own proper Cost and Charges, both by Sea and Land, according to his Royal Puissance, until he hath freed them from the Forts that are as well in the Isle of Re, as about their City, and procu∣red them a Peace; and to that end, he will hence∣forward arm puissantly against the Spring, to exe∣cute something worthy of his Majestie, using means to divert the designs that are against the City, and oblige the Troops that are about the City to retreat, until by the happy success it shall please God to give to his Arms, it shall be entirely delivered.

Sixthly, His Majesty, during all the time that the War shall continue, shall assist the said City with such a number of Souldiers of his Subjects, as it shall judge necessary for its Guard, the said Souldiers being paid by his Majesty.

Seventhly, His Majesty shall permit, as well to his Subjects, as to the Inhabitants of the said Ci∣ty, to lade in all his Territories all ProvisIons of which it hath need, and cause Authentick Pa∣tents to be dispatched, and sent to all the Ports and Havens, to the end, that by vertue thereof, without any other Pass-Ports, Merchants may freely buy in their Cargazons, and not be trou∣bled in their transportation of them.

Eighthly, That from this time forward, his Ma∣jesty shall cause to be sent away, with a sufficient Convoy, the Corn, and other Provisions, which by his Command is already laden, for to be sent with all speed to the said City, to be distributed there at an honest price.

Ninthly, To ease the poverty of the City, and to help its most pressing necessities, his Majesty

1628. March. shall permit a Collection in all his Estates, and at present establish such order as is necessary for that.

Tenthly, There having been heretofore certain Articles of Treaty compiled betwixt the Duke of Buckingham, High-Admiral of England, and the said Rochellers; to some of which the said Lord Admiral did agree, with the good liking of his Majesty, and referred the rest to a more particular Conference: From henceforward his Majesty doth agree to, and holdet•• for good and valuable, those that the said Admiral hath allowed of; and as to the rest, he will with the first examine them, and give the said Rochellers such just contentment there∣in, as they can expect.

Eleventhly and lastly, In case it happens that his Majesty shall come hereafter to a Treaty of Peace with the most Christian King, the said Rochellers shall be thereunto called by his Majesty; and no Treaty shall be concluded, without stipulation ex∣presly for their Priviledges and Immunities, ac∣cording to the Memorials they shall give in to his Majesty, who obligeth himself further, to be Gar∣rantee for the said Treaty.

• David,
• Vincent,
• Dehinse.

With these Articles thus compiled, we expect∣ed the Secretary of the Duke, but he came neither this day, nor the next; so that the nineteenth, we went with them to the Duke, who kept them to consider of at leisure, and promised that he would confer upon them with the Commissioners, and send for us.

1628. March. Being returned home, we found his Secretary there, who seemed very sorry for his delay, and made multitude of business his excuse; but for our parts, we were well pleased that he had not seen us, desiring rather to communicate with the Master, than Servant.

We waited until the 22th, and seeing then that he did not send for us, we sought an occasion to present our selves to him; but he prevented us, by sending us word, that he was imployed in the urgent Affairs of the King, though the truth was, that he avoided Meeting us, upon a difficulty that he and the other Commissioners made of the fifth Ar∣ticle of our Treaty, which he would have chan∣ged; but nevertheless, desired not to enter there∣upon into a contest with us.

The means that he chose, was to send his Se∣cretary to the Duke of Soubize, whom he acquaint∣ed, that the terms upon which we desired that the King would oblige himself to us, had something of too much strictness; and therefore desired him to be a means of bringing us, to qualifie and receive them in these terms; (viz.) That his Majesty, be∣ing moved with the good affections which he hath al∣ways had for the Churches, and particularly for the City of Rochel, he promised in the Faith and Word of a King, to give them all convenient assistance, un∣to the obtaining of a good and firm Peace.

The Duke of Soubize, having hereupon con∣ferred with us, we received great displeasure from this change; and fearing that he avoided coming, from some doubt they had of not being able to ob∣tain a Peace which would deliver us from our Fet∣ters, and above all, from that Fort for which they had undertaken the War; yet nevertheless, we

1628. March. judged it not fit to shew the least backwardness to the Treaty; for we polished our Articles, and so carried them the 27th ditto, corrected to the Duke, who receiving them of us, and reading them in our presence, made shew of approving them; and told us, that without further Communication with the Commissioners, of whom he stood not in need, all being agreed unto, carried them to the King, presented them to the Council, and assured us, that we should have all contentment.

Leaving him, it was matter of great joy to us, that the Duke took no more notice of Hostages, or receiving the Armies into the City; and that without being obliged to any debate with the Commissioners, our Articles were received.

The 28th ditto, receiving advice that there was a competent quantity of Provisions at Plymouth, we waited upon the Duke, to beg of him, that the Earl of Denby might depart the next day; and that the Sieur Dehinse, our Collegue, might, ac∣cording as it was agreed upon, accompany him in his Voyage, and have the honour to receive the Commands of the King, and his own.

He carried us immediately to the King, who re∣ceived us with these Expressions; I understand that the Earl of Denby will set sail without delay; take not that which he carries at present for a succour, it is but for a refreshment, to the end to give courage to your City, until time will permit a more puissant assi∣stance. And after a little pause, for fear that the word Time would not be taken by us according to his intention; I mean, said he, the season, and so soon as the Spring shall be come: To which having returned him most humble thanks, he said yet fur∣ther; Be assured, that I will assist you so powerfully,

1628. March. as shall obtain you a good Peace. The Duke added, that all War was for arriving at Peace; and that his Majesty in speaking, intended none but such a one as was good: To which having answered, that we should receive from his Majesty such a Peace as himself should esteem reasonable and good: I had rather, said he, it should be ill for me, than for you; for for me I can always conte••d it; but as to you, you will be totally lost. After these words, Sieur Dehinse bowing himself to receive his Commands; Assure (said he to him) those of Rochel, that I will not abandon them: Upon which the Duke told us, you see, Gentlemen, you have the Word of a King. As to your Articles that you communicated to me yesterday, the King likes them well, and goes now to have them ratified in Council, and cause the Confirmation thereof to be delivered to you.

Very much contented with these good words, we withdrew, and the next morning heard that the Earl of Denby prepared for Plymouth, which obli∣ged Sieur Dehinse, our Collegue, to begin his jour∣ney thither.

What passed since on the occasion of Sieur Gor∣ribon's arrival, which occasioned the retarding the sending of the Provisions, is contained in our Let∣ter of the eleventh of February.

This is the Contents of the Packet which Cap∣tain Sacremore delivered the Mayor, and his Coun∣cil, by which they had a full account of all the proceedings of their Deputies, and commended the diligence and care they had had of sending them divers Duplicates of their Packets, to the end that one might come to hands, if the other should miscarry, as it fell out.

The 24th ditto was cast in Rochel four Pieces of

1628. March. Cannon, two of 28 pound Ball, and the other two of 10 pound Ball; of which there were but three good, one of the greatest miscarrying by the Mould not being well dry.

The 30th, the Mayor, Sheriffs, Counsellors, Peers, Burgers, and Souldiers, being assembled in the City-Hall, swore and promised to keep the Treaty which their Deputies had made with the King of England, for their protection and safe∣guard, which they did without disowning their Fidelity and Obedience that they owed to the most Christian King, their Natural Lord and Sove∣raign.

APRIL.

[ April.] The first of April, 1628. arrived at Rochel a young man, one Vivier, servant to Sieur Vincent, dispatched by him from Holland (where following the order that was given him he passed) to give account of the Negotiation of his Master for pro∣curing some relief of Victuals and Munition for the City; and delivered to the Mayor this Letter, dated the sixth of March, of this Tenure, in Cy∣phers.

Sieur Vincent's Letter from Holland to the Rochel∣lers, dated March 6. New Stile, 1628.

Gentlemen,

BEsides two men that I have sent you from this Country, this third follows, to give you an ac∣count how I left Affairs in England, and how it is with me here: I may tell you, that there they dispose themselves to relieve you with great Forces, both by Sea and Land, and have resolved to furnish you with

1628. April. Provisions; and to further it, Messieurs, Bragneau and Dehinse were set forward from London to Ply∣mouth, the 14th passed, and the Earl of Denby was speedily to follow them. I hope you have e're this re∣ceived something from thence: I came from London the 17th with Monsieur Dolbier, who came hither to buy Arms and Horses, and arrived the 21th in Zea∣land, where I stayed eight days, for to dispose some par∣ticular persons to the lading of Corn to send to you, which having put in order, I hope you will find the effects thereof, and that there will go from thence to you 150 Tun: I am here where I spoke yesterday with the Prince of Orange, who received me very well; and I am not without hopes, that we shall under-hand receive from hence some assistance, at least of Money. I hope to make a great Cargaison at Amsterdam, whither I shall presently go, having already disposed by Letters many Merchants to enter upon it. Above all, I believe that it is of greatest import to you, to have advice, and not to spare Money in Messengers, but send them fre∣quently, that of many, one at least may come to you. I have given a hundred Livres to this Man; and I pray, if he acquit himself well of his promise, deal honestly with him: I am,

Gentlemen,

Your most humble and most obe∣dient Deputy and Servant, Ph. Vincent.

The hopes that men had of the speedy arrival of the Earl of Denby, according to these Letters, rejoyced greatly the Rochellers.

1628. April. The 8th, in the night, the Battery Royal, and the Forts Louys, Meroeil (called S. Esprite, which had never yet shot) and la Fons, shot Fire-Bullets, from nine in the Evening, until four in the Morn∣ing, without killing or hurting any Person, or set∣ting any House on fire, being prevented by the care they took, having set Centinels in the Stee∣ples, who as soon as the Bullet was fallen, gave notice of the place, whither men went to search for it with a Hook of Iron, made expresly for that end, with which they easily seized them, and carried them into the Street; otherwise their burn∣ing was such, that letting them lye never so little, they would presently set the Floor of the Rooms on fire, which are ordinarily of Fir; and it was found, that in a little time they would pierce three Stories.

The 10th, the Mayor having had advice that the Besiegers mined in the first Houses of de la Fons, at five hundred paces from the City, they sallied out from the Port Coigne, with two Companies of Foot, and fifteen or twenty Horse, to know the truth. At first they sent out eight Horse, and a Party of fifteen Souldiers, conducted by a Ser∣jeant, to discover what force there was, whilst the rest stole along, under Covert of the great high way, until they came to the Houses, of which they hoped to render themselves Masters; but the succours which came to their relief from the next Forts forced them to retire, and the great∣est part of them to put themselves into the Mill-Houses and Arbours, at three hundred paces from the Counterscarp, whither the others came pre∣sently to skirmish, and though few enough to draw them into the Ambuscade which they had

1628. April. laid for them, at a hundred paces from thence, in a low bottom of the High-way; it was without effect, they maintaining themselves in their Fort, until succours coming from the City, inabled them to retire: Of those without, a Serjeant was wounded to death with a shot of a Fire-lock cross the Body, and was interred at the Port Coigne: of those within, a Souldier was slightly wounded in the Leg. This Sally not discovering what they had a desire to know, the Mayor, at all adven∣ture, caused the making of a Mine in the middle of the Trench, from the said Port unto the Bull∣wark.

The 12th, at night, or about four or five a Clock next morning, a Fire-Bullet coming from the Port Louis, set one of the Houses of the Ho∣spital on fire, which being full of Hay and Straw, was hard to extinguish; and there was one man slain, and another hurt with a Cannon-shot from the Fort Louis, which discharged twenty times during the Fire; the Hospital nevertheless recei∣ved no damage, by reason of succours which were diligent.

The 15th, in the night, a Fire-Bullet coming from the Royal Battery, killed one going the Round, as he went from the Court of Guard of the Port Coigne, to that of the Bastion of the great Coney Warren.

The 17th, in the morning, by break of day, the Mayor caused to sally out by the Port Coigne, twen∣ty five Horse, and five Companies of Insantry, with some Volunteers, to discover if the Besiegers continued to work, as was said, at the first House de la Fons, but they found not any body there, nor any appearance of working.

1628. April. The 19th, in the night, those of de la fons came to raise and demolish to the ground some of the Houses of the Mills near the City, which were half broke, and from thence set three Mills on fire, nearest to the City, from which there went up a very high flame in the Air, which made those of the Forts Louis, Miroet, and the Royal Battery believe, that the Fire was in many Houses within, and occasioned them to shoot all the rest of the night with Fire-bullets, and others, cross the Ci∣ty: This was nevertheless without killing or wounding any person, though there was shot that night a hundred sixty five Cannon-shot.

The 23th, about two or three a Clock in the Afternoon, the King arrived the second time be∣fore Rochel, having kept his Easter at Surgres: for his welcome, they discharged three times the Can∣non round the Batteries and Ships, and above all, there were many Fire-bullets shot against the Ci∣ty; and in the Evening the same Musick was heard, without other effect, than the breaking the Roofs of some Houses. His Majesty had been ab∣sent from the tenth of February, to the three and twentieth of April, that is two Months and thir∣teen days.

The 24th, came to the Port of Coigne a Drum and two Trumpets, to know if those of the City would receive a Herald, in case the King would send one to them; but they made no Answer, for∣asmuch as that they knew not yet that his Majesty was in the Camp. The same day, about eleven a Clock, a Fire-bullet from the Royal Battery, set fire on a House full of Hay and Straw, before the Steeple of S. Bartholomew, joyning to the great School, which is one of the Magazines of the Ci∣ty;

1628. April. and this House was almost all burnt, without damaging the Magazine; as well because the walls were good, and very thick on that side, as because there was great endeavours for extinguishing it with Oxe-Hides, and other such like things.

MAY.

[ May.] The 2d of May was Elected Mayor, in place of John Godfrey, Esq Sieur Richard John Guitton, Esq the same who had been Admiral for the Ro∣chellers in the Wars of 1621. and 1625.

The 4th ditto, there was found on the Coast of St. Nicholas a little Box of Deal-boards, very tite and close, in which was a Note or Billet, ad∣vertising the Rochellers to look to themselves, for that in a few days they would be attacqued in se∣veral places, and principally at the Chain, and Fort of Tadon; and that there would be thrown into the City great quantity of Fire-works, which made them double their Guards, and be in a rea∣dy posture.

The eleventh, about two or three in the After∣noon, the English Army, Commanded by the Earl of Denby (Brother-in-law to the Duke of Buckin∣gham) appeared at the entry between the Isle of Re, and the Main Land, composed of eleven of the Kings Ships, thirty or forty lesser Men of War, and as many other Vessels, laden with Corn, and Provisions, and about four or five a Clock in the Evening came to Anchor at the Head of the Bay: At his arrival, the Army of the King, which was in the Road, put themselves under the Covert of of the Digue, and Batteries, at the Points of Cou∣reille; and the Head of the Bay, which the King had made there on purpose to batter in the said Road,

1628. May. and hinder the Ships which would pass for ••rrying Provisions into Rochel: These Batteries 〈◊〉〈◊〉 so incommode the English Army (and amongst ••thers the Admiral, who had moved nearest to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Land) that in the Evening he disanchored, to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 more at large, and out of the reach of the ••annon of the said Batteries.

The 14th, the Sieurs Bragneau and Gobert, De∣••uties for Rochel and all the French Captains, see∣••••g that the Earl of Denby and his Council did ••ot endeavour to force the Pallisades, for making ••is way with relief into Rochel, and that time was ••pent without doing any thing, they presented to ••im, and his Council, a Writing signed by them ••oth, by which they supplicated them to put in execution the Commands that the King their Ma∣ster had given them; which was, so soon as he ••hould arrive before Rochel, to force the entry of ••he succours sent thither; and told them, that to effect the same, it was necessary:

1. To furnish the French Barks, wherein was Vi∣ctuals, with a sufficient number of Souldiers, for defending them against the Pinnaces and Galliots which kept the Pallisades.

2. That each Fire-ship ought to have, beside his Shalloop, a good great Boat, well armed and equipped with men, to defend them against the Impediments which they might meet with in their execution.

3. That all the English Ships, as well those of his Majesty, as others, ought by their Command to advance to the Pallisades, that with the French Men of War they might make the Besiegants re∣tire; and in doing of that, make way for the pas∣sage of the Ships into the City, as well French as English, laden with Victuals.

1628. May. And the better to incourage them, they promi∣sed, by vertue of their Commission, as well in their own private names, as in the name of the City, that in case they should by this Enterprise come to lose any Ships, the just value thereof should be paid to the King, or to those whose loss it should be: And further, that being got into the City, if they could not come out, their Expences should be born at the charge of the Publick.

This Writing being presented to the Earl, and his Council, and the Deputies having livelily re∣presented by word of mouth all they could to ani∣mate them, they answered, that their Commission was not to Fight, but that it was only to conduct them to the place where they were, to the end that their presence might facilitate their entry in∣to Rochel, if it were to be done: That having exe∣cuted their Order, they were resolved to set sail on Thursday in the Evening, to return for Eng∣land; and the rather, because they were adverti∣sed, that there would suddenly come upon these Coasts a Naval Fleet from Spain to fight them, which they would avoid, because they would not hazard the losing any of the Kings Ships.

The English being obstinate in this resolution, the Sieurs Bragneau and Gobert, considering in what danger Rochel was, dispatched immediately one called Vidault, the same Evening, to advertise the Rochellers thereof, in a little Skiff that the Earl of Denby gave them, and furnished him with two Letters, one that he was to cast into the wa∣ter over against the Pallisade, which contained chiefly, that the Rochellers were not to be astonish∣ed, if on Thursday in the Evening they saw the Fleet set sail, for that they had therein no other de∣sign,

1628. May. than after having been at Bell Isle, to meet a part of their Fleet which Storms and ill Weather had divided from the Body, to return the more powerful, to succour them with the peril of their ••ives; and the other altogether contrary, and most true, to advertise their Fellow-Citizens of ••he little and no affection or good will at all, that the English Army had to relieve them, and of the resolution they had taken to set sail for England on Thursday in the Evening, notwithstanding all the Prayers and Remonstrances that they could make for Fighting, or at least for remaining in the Road some time, to the end, that whilst it should be there at hand, the Rochellers might have re∣••course to the Bounty and Clemency of their Prince for Grace, instead of a total ruine, as this retreat would import. Things being thus, they advised them thereof, to the end that they might see, that as long as the Navy remained with them, they had not sought the Clemency of the King, or essayed to make their Agreement.

The same Evening the said Vidault got into the City at eleven at night, having passed without Im∣pediments, crossing the Men of War, and Palli∣sades, and setting a good face on it, filled all the City with good hopes, and told wonders of the resolution of the English; but to the Mayor re∣presented particularly the true state of things, and delivered him his Letter.

The same hour the Mayor assembled the Coun∣cil of War, and before reading of the Letter, he made them all take a solemn Oath of secrefie, as to the Contents of it, and then communicated it unto them; and after that, called in Vidault, who informed them of all that passed in the English

1628. May. Army. Hereupon they resolved not to lose time; and before it was too late, to seek the Kings Grace, under the best Conditions they could, and in such sort, as they should not know it came from them; and as they were in pain how to go∣vern themselves in it, they concluded they could not better do it, than by making use of Sieur de la Leu, who some days before had desired permission to retire out of the City, and had obtained a safe Conduct of the King for it; and gave order to John Godfrey, Esq and Sieur du Richard, to go to him, and desire him, in their names, to accept the Commission; which Sieur Godfrey did the next morning, going to Sieur de la Leu, who accepted of it, and agreed, that if there were any hopes on the Kings side to obtain a Peace under good Condi∣tions, he would within a day send a Trumpet, if under passable, and not too advangeous, a Drum; and if he could not obtain anything, he would not send either one, or the other; but when he had run the adventure of losing his life, he return∣ed to the City, giving them an account of what he had done.

This being agreed upon, and reported by the said Godfrey to the Mayor, and Council of War, they ordered that de la Leu should go from the City on Tuesday morning, by six a Clock, whilst people were at Church, that he might not be ob∣served by any person, fearing that if they saw him go out, his Enemies would stir up the people against him, to do him some mischief; and in the mean time to make shew of good news, and gave out, that there should be given a Chain of Gold to the said Vidault, to the end, that that being re∣ported in the Kings Camp, the management of

1628. May. that they had projected might be the more advan∣tageously acted.

Before the Mayor dismissed the Council, he made them all take an Oath upon the Bible, that they would not either directly or indirectly buy any Provisions whilst the English Army should be at the Head of the Bay, fearing that that would discover to the people, that the said English Army (finding themselves too weak to force the Digue, and enter the City with relief) would retire, and leave them as a Prey; and thereby not only hin∣der the Treaty which they desired to have by the means of Sieur de la Leu, but even put all the City into a Consternation.

On Tuesday, at the hour designed, the Sieur de la Leu went away unobserved, save by a very few, and about three in the Evening (whether it was from his Intercession, as he had promised, or from other cause, is not known) a Trumpet present∣ed himself at the Fort Tadon, but one of the Cap∣tains that commanded there, caused them to shoot at him, without suffering him to finish his sound∣ing, or a Drummer his beating, whose Drum he broke; nor did they advertise the Mayor of their coming, he and many others being full of wrath against the Mayor, and Council, for not commu∣nicating to them the Letter, nor tell them why they had sent Sieur de la Leu out of the Town; they came even so high, as to accuse them of designing by him to make a particular Peace for themselves, and abandon the rest to the mercy and discretion of their Enemies, insomuch, that they were con∣strained to insinuate something of the Letter to some of the most inraged, for they cryed, that they believed that Godfrey had done it, and that

1628. May. it was signed by Bragneau and Gobert, before their departure; and that it was an Artifice to destroy them, to save themselves: But Thursday in the Even∣ing, when the English Army set sail, it appeared but too soon what the Letter was, and that those Opi∣niastres had prejudiced themselves by their too much curiosity, and little confidence in them that laboured more for their good, than for their own; whereof some repented, and acknowledged their fault, when it was more than time.

So soon as the said Vidault was come into Ro∣chel, the Mayor caused Signals by Fire to be made from the Towers of S. Nicholas, of the Chain, and from the Lanthorn, to advertise the English Army of his arrival; and in the morning, they fixed Ensigns upon the said Towers, which were to remain there until the English Army should return into England.

The 15th, the English sent a Fire-ship, full of Fire-works, in the fashion of Petars, into the Kings Fleet, to set fire on them; but taking fire before its time, the Fire-Ship, and those that were in it, perished miserably, without any being saved.

The 18th, betwixt two and three a Clock Af∣ternoon, the English Fleet set sail for England, ha∣ving been eight days in the Road, at the Head of the Bay, without making any attempt, or Essay∣ing to send any relief into Rochel, which greatly dejected the Rochellers, and put them in great pain and perplexity; nevertheless they resolved to suf∣fer the greatest Extremity, before they would ren∣der, and to that end, bought one of another all sorts of Provisions; and that they might hold out the longer, retrenched their Ordinary to the moyety of that which they had accustomed to eat;

1628. May. and above all, the Bread, which they began now to weigh.

This following is a Relation composed by the Sieur Gobert.

THe same day that the English Army set sail, the Sieur Bragneau and Gobert 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••n the morning the assembling of all the French Captains aboard Sieur Bragneau, and upon the reso••••tion that the English Fleet had taken to set sail fo•• E••g∣land, without being prevailed with to the contra∣ry, by all the Remonstrances, Prayers, and Sup∣plications that they could make to give th••m their assistance, for facilitating the entry of the Ships into Rochel with relief, it was judged necessary, and was agreed upon, with the unanimous consent of all, that the Sieur Gobert should pr••sently take the Pinnace of Captain Guillet, to carry him with all diligence into England, to represent un o•• the King the small endeavours that his Naval Army had made, and the eminent danger that it l••ft Ro∣chel in, to the end that it might please his Maj••sty to remedy it: Sieur Gobert accepted of it, and the Wind being favourable, arrived the 22th present at the Isle of Wight; from thence he went to Portsmouth and took Post for London, where being, arrived, he immediately waited upon the Duke of Soubize, to whom having given an account of what had passed in his Voyage, and of the return of the English Fleet, without having done any thing, they went together to carry the ill news to the Duke of Buckingham, who seemed to resent it very much, and carried them presently to the King, to whom Sieur Gobert giving a particular Relation of all,

1628. May. he was thereat very much concerned, and enqui∣red what was the cause of his Fleet making so speedy a return, before having first fought, and relieved Rochel: And then taking Sieur Gobert by the hand, ••ed him to a Window, and leaning up∣on his shoulder, weeping, reiterated to him the same demand, in these words, What cause have my people had to retreat, and to abandon this poor City? To which he answered, that he knew none, save a Panick Fear which seized them, upon an uncertain noise of a Spanish Naval Fleet ready to come to those Coasts of France, and the fear they had of running the adventure of losing their Ships. His Majesty at this being moved more than before, stepping three or four paces back said, What, are my Ships made to fear, and not to hazard themselves in Fight? and im∣mediately commanded the Duke of Buckingham to call the ••ouncil, which was presently done, where Sieur Gobert being called, and enquired of what day the Fle••t arrived before Rochel, what Fight it had been constrained to make, how many slain, and what damage it had received there: He decla∣red, that the Fleet arrived before the City the Ele∣venth, and for Fights they had had none, the King of Frances Fleet retreating near the Digue; but that only from the Land, and the Points which ad∣vanceth, the Admiral had received from the Batte∣ries which are there a Cannon-shot, without so much as hurting any Person: Upon which, the King and Council resolved to dispatch a Gentle∣man, with Sieur Gobert, in the same Vessel that brought him, to the English Fleet, where-ever it should be, with express Command to the Earl of Denby, to return, and come to Anchor in the Road of Rochel, and to expect there the Aid that he was

1628. May. further preparing for the City; and at the same time commanded the Sieur Gobert to write a Let∣ter to those of Rochel, advising them, not to be a∣stonished at the retreat of his Fleet without do∣ing any thing, for that he would prepare them a puissant succour, which he assured them would re∣lieve them. In brief, that he would lose the Moie∣ty of his Kingdom, rather than suffer them to pe∣rish; which Sieur Gobert did write, in the presence of all the Council: and the King having signed it, it was sent by an Express to those of the City. After which, the above-said Gentleman, and Go∣bert, took Post for Portsmouth, where being arri∣ved, they imbarked in the said Pinnace, endea∣vouring to meet the English Fleet, as they did, the fourth day after their departure from Portsmouth, on the Coast of Cornwal, but for the most part al∣ready dissipated, there not being more than four or five Men of War with the Admiral, all the rest being retired to the nearest Harbours in England; nevertheless they went aboard the Admiral, and presented to the Earl of Denby the Packet they had to him from the King and Council, and the Commands of his Majesty to return to the Coast of France: To which he answered, that that was altogether impossible for him to do, because his Fleet was dissipated, and his Victuals for the most part consumed; and continuing his course, he came to Anchor betwixt the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth.

The English Fleet thus retreated, and the Rochel∣lers notwithstanding resolving to stand out, they made choice of Sieur Grosetiere, a Gentleman of Poictue, to go into England, to advertise the King of Great Britain, and their Deputies, of their con∣dition

1628. May. and necessities, and hasten relief. He parted the 21th, and was the Messenger of this Let∣ter.

The Rochellers Letter to the King of Great Britain, dated the 28th of May, 1628.

SIR;

WE are assured that the Image of our Mi∣series have prevented our Complaints, and that your Serene Majesty having a sensible impression of them in your Spirit, these cannot fail of a favourable Audience from a Heart so generous and great as yours: Sir, you have vow∣ed us your Grace, and promised us Deliverance; you have also taken Arms, to force them to keep the Publick Faith of Treaties, that they have de∣posited with you; but your People, Sir, have a∣bandoned us, contrary to your Magnanimous and most faithful Instructions, your General not daring to breathe near, nor look upon the dan∣ger of the glorious execution of your Sacred Word. What sort of Excess or Prodigy can it be, that hath ••o conspired against the Dignity of your Name, and the Condition of our poor Country? Sir, we speak to you with Tears in our Eyes, glasp••d Hands, Hearts struck thorough with many Wounds, whilst we have the Honour of remaining under the condition of your Pro∣tection. When things were well with us, we despised the Counsel of our Friends; and, if we may so express it, the Respects of our Native Country, even until all is lost; let us find at least (if you please) Sir, in your Justice, that which we have now no more means of recovering

1628. May. by the Clemency of the King our Soveraign. God hath furnished us yet with life and vigour enough, though with Wounds altogether fresh and bleeding, to expect your relief, yet one Month more: Let your Majesty second this Miracle, and to your Immortal Glory see us raised, and the Churches of this Kingdom restored, who with∣out your aid cannot expect less than the stroke of the Knife that iss held so near our Throats. Be∣hold, Sir, our most humble and most ardent Sup∣plications, or to express it better in one word, it is our Testament, which we shall leave written upon your Throne, before Heaven and Earth, for a Memorial to Posterity, of the most strange and memorable Desolation that an Innocent people ever suffered; the incomparable occasion where∣of, may ever serve to sum up the Might and Pu∣issance of a great King, as you. Pardon, Sir, to Women, little Children, Mothers and Fathers, dragged together to the same punishment, if they cannot speak at this time but with cutting words, the face of dying persons is always frightful, but the anguish of Death shall never make us deny to be for all this, your Serene Majesties,

Rochel, May 18. 1628.

SIR,

Most humble and most obedient Servants, the Mayor, She∣riffs, Councellors, Peers, Burgers, and Inhabitants of Rochel; and for all Guitton, Mayor.

1628. June.

JƲNE.

The first of June, in the night, the Rochellers sent out two Shalloops, one full of Fire-works, and the other a Fire-ship, to blow up some of the Vessels of the Pallisade, to the end to make way for the Galliots which they were to send into England; but having set fire too soon, one, where∣in were the Fire-works, flew in pieces, before her arrival at the Pallisade, and the other run ashore toward Port-Neuf, which obliged the Galliots to return into the City.

The same day, about six or seven in the morn∣ing, the Sieur Tallement came into Rochel, as well about some Affairs of his own, as to sound the Rochellers, if they would come to a Treaty; but making no advance in it, returned in the Even∣ing.

The same day the Sieur Grandzy, Colonel of a Regiment of light Horse, came to the Port Coigne, demanding to speak with the Mayor, or with some on his behalf: Immediately the Sieurs Pro••, Pierre Toupet, Defos, and Mosquay, were nomina∣ted by the Council, to whom he offered, on the be∣half of Monsieur Bassompier (as having Power from the King) to do all he could for procuring them a good Peace; they answered him, speak∣ing in the Name of all the Body, and following their Instructions, that they desired to remain un∣der the Obedience they owe the King, but that they could do nothing before they had communi∣cated it to their Deputies in England, the Duke of Rohan, and the Churches; so that after returning most humble thanks to Monsieur Bassompier, they supplicated him to mediate for them to the King

1628. June. for necessary Pass-Ports, and in the mean time per∣mission for some competent Provisions to come in∣to the City, that during the Negotiation, they might spare their Magazines. After this Answer he parted, promising to return the next day in the morning, to bring them an Answer; which he al∣so did, and declared to them, that the King would not receive their Propositions, but that his will was, that they should submit to an Entire Obedi∣ence; to which it was told him, that the City could not understand that, and that they would ra∣ther expect such Event as it should please God to give them; and so they separated.

The 7th, with the Night-tide, betwixt ten and eleven in the Evening, the Rochellers sent out a Galliot to cross the Pallisade; which he found im∣possible for him to do, because those of the Pol∣lisade kept good Guards with their Galliots, and pursued him unto the Haven, making a great ma∣ny Cannon-shot at him.

The 10th, in the morning, at the opening of the Port S. Nicholas, entred the Sieur de la Land du Lac, coming from England, bringing a Letter from the King of Great Britain, signed Charles Rex, dated the 19th of May, old stile; directed to the Mayor, Sheriffs, Peers, Burgers, and Inhabitants of the City of Rochel, without having any from their Deputies, which caused great jealousie in the Rochellers, they not being able to believe that the King had writ, because their Deputies, who were near his Person, did not advise of it; by which Letter he gave them an assurance of a puissant succour within a few days, and of his good will towards them, and concern for them, exhorting them to be of good courage; and that in a short

1628. June. time they should ••e•• themselves delivered. The Letter is as followeth.

Gentlemen,

BE not discomforted, though my Fleet be returned, hold out unto the last, for I am resolved that all my Fleet shell perish rather than you should not be relieved, and to this end I have countermanded it, and have s••nt Ships to make them change their design that they had taken to come back: I shall shortly send you some number of Ships to reinforce it, and with the help of God, the success will be happy for your Deliverance.

May 19. N. Stile.

Your good Friend, CHARLES R.

A Messieurs les Maire, Escheuin, &c.

The 15th, the Rochellers writ this Letter to their Deputies in England, as well to let them un∣derstand th••ir n••cessities, as to cause them to ha∣sten the succours.

A Letter from the Rochellers to their Depu∣ties in England.

Gentlemen,

This is the seventh since our last perplexity; and is to press you, being on our parts strangely pressed, and almost oppressed even to that degree, that our total loss seems not far off, if you come not readily to relieve us: We have Provisions but for one Month, to reckon

1628. June. from this day, notwithstanding the best order that we can take: there is already many Families in horrible extremity, and who live only of Herbs, yet nevertheless, we hope by the help of God, to draw out our lives until the middle of July; and do you raise Arguments from hence, for your pressing with diligence and importuni∣ty, without end, his Serene Majesty, from whom (notwithstanding our extreme necessity, and the Artifice which men have used) it hath not been in any kind possible to divide us. Some days pas∣sed they made us new Invitations to Treat, but having demanded Pass▪ports for sending to his Majesty, and the Duke of Rohan, upon the refusal thereof the Treaty is broke. Fail not to represent this to him, as also the confidence that we put in his Royal Word, which next to God is our only support. We promise our selves as much his relief, as we know the facility to it is certain; and if the Earl of Denby had desired it, he had infallibly carried away the Pallisade: Now our fear is, that if they there delay, they will not here be guilty of neglect, but finish the Digue by Masons work: If the Count had stayed, he had famished the Kings Camp, and main∣tained in us a strong hope, as also the Affairs of the Duke of Rohan in great Reputation; you know how to make your Conjectures. To conclude, Gentlemen, we send you these words of Consolation, that God in mercy hath revived us more than ever in this Common Calamity, we being all resolved to expect spee∣dily from you an assured Life, or to take Death patiently, rather than survive the loss of

1628. June. our Religion, Country, and the butchery of our Families. These are from,

Messieurs,

Your most affectionate servants, the Mayor, Sheriffs, Councel∣lors, Peers and Burgers, and for all, Guitton, Mayor.

Rochel, June 5. 1628.

This Week some Souldiers killed Horses, and sold the Flesh for Beef, at ten or eleven Sols the pound; but being discovered, they were impri∣soned for it, because they were not then reduced to eat such Meat, having yet Beef, Mutton, and Poultry, which they sold publickly.

The ••1th, in the morning, there came to Ro∣chel from England a Souldier called la Paillette, bringing a Letter from the King of Great Britain, dated the ••7th of May, old stile, sealed with the Arms of England, subscribed, Your good Friend, Charles R. and another from our Deputies, writ at Plymouth, the ninth of June, the tenure of which confirmed that of Sieur de la Land du Lac; as also did that brought by another Gentleman, called S. Martin, who arrived the 24th, about eleven or twelve in the Evening, sealed with the Kings Seal, and red Wax, subscribed your good Friend, Charles R. which is as followeth.

Gentlemen,

I Have been troubled to hear that my Fleet was up∣on the point of returning, without answering my Commands, which was, to force the entry of your Pro∣visions,

1628. June. whatever came of it, and have given new Or∣ders to return into your Road, and not stir, until it hath relieved you with Victuals, or that I have sent them an additional strength, for which I have caused men to work with all diligence: Be assured that I will never abandon you, and that I will imploy all the force of my Kingdom for your deliverance, until it please God to bless me with giving you an assured Peace.

Given at our Palace of Westminster, May 27. 1628. old stile.

Gentlemen,

Your good Friend, CHARLES R.

During this time, the Digue was made by Stone∣work every day stronger than other, and was ad∣vanced in such sort on both sides, that there re∣mained but a little Channel to shut, where passed the Current of the Tide; and this Channel was filled from one end to the other with Vessels and Engines: besides that, there was before the Digue a Pallisade of floating Vessels, anchored and tyed one to another by great Cables, and Chains of I∣ron, which rose and fell with the Sea, as it came in, and went out, with many Engines and Candle∣sticks, (an Engine called so, because made in the form of a Candlestick,) to the end that their in∣tanglement might render the access more difficult and perilous for those that would undertake to force it, and enter Rochel.

At this time died in the City the Sieur de Lou∣driere, of a Burning Fever, and was honourably interred, according as his Rank and Quality of Chief Justice required.

1628. July.

JƲLY.

About the end of this Month, and beginning of July, they began to kill Horses, Asses, Mules, Dogs, Cats, and other such Creatures, the F••••••h of which was sold for ten and eleven Sols the pound: that of Horse-flesh was above all savoury, there being little difference betwixt it and Se••f. In the mean time, the Famine so increased, every one reserving to themselves their Provisions, that the greatest part were in great want, and Bread failing, they had recourse to Brazil Sugar, Dregs, Colworts Frigased, with a little Tallow, and such other nourishment: A little before, and above a•• when the English shewed themselves at the Head of the Bay, in the Month of May, the Mayor and h••s Council caused more than two hundred Hogs∣heads of Pilchers, which were a little spoiled, ••o be cast away, for fear they should bring a Conta∣gion in the City, believing they should have ••o need of them, succours being at their Gates; but in this necessity, they would have been of ••reat use: for want of other Victuals, the people scat∣tered themselves upon the Fens, where t••e Salt∣pans were, to make War with Eels and other lit∣tle Fishes, and on the Coast to fish for Cockles, and after that eat all sorts of Herbs, as Pu••slain, Savage, Sampire, water Caltrops, good and bad, boiling them in two or three waters▪ to take a∣way the bitterness and ill taste and filled them∣selves with them. In the end, they sell on Leather Hides, and every thing that they could steep and boil, and cutting them into little morsels, they sold them in the Tripe-Market, making Frigases of them, with a little Tallow and Water in the

1628. July. Stewing-pan; others did it with Gelly and Sugar: from this time the Famine increased exceedingly.

Besides other Evils with which the City found it self pressed, ill Diet begot in many a Disease in the Mouth which caused the Gums to rot, a short∣ness of breath, the Jaws black, and by little and little kill'd those that were infected with it, be∣ing such, or very near it, as they call the Scurvy, which is but too well known to those that make long Voyages by Sea, when their Victuals corrupt. At first there was many died of this Disease; but a Physitian of the City, called Matthias Goyer, a knowing and experienced man in his Art, advised a Remedy which they had used in another sickness succesfully, and found the same as to this: It was Mustard in Herbs, of which the Hillocks in the Fens afforded as great quantities as was needful, the which they bruised in a Mortar, and mingled it with White-Wine, and gave the quantity of an ordinary Glass thereof in the morning fasting; and though this Medicine neither wrought by Stool, or Urin, or caused any other effects which appeared, it nevertheless healed infallibly in eight or ten days. At first some would have concealed this Remedy for the Physitians profit, as indeed it was enough to have made him rich; but he said he would not make the Publick Calamity the means of his inrichment; and that, since God as by In∣spiration had discovered this secret to him, he would give the Receipt of it gratis to every one, as he also did, and therein merited much from the Publick, and saved the lives of a multitude of peo∣ple. As to the Gout, Gravel, and other such sick∣nesses, there was then none heard of.

The second of July was seen on the side of Estre,

1628. July. and from de la Lieu, many Horse and Foot in Bat∣tel, which troubled much the Rochellers; but in the Evening they knew it was the mustering of the Ar∣my.

The eighth, there came to the Port of Coigne a Drum, which brought a Letter to the Mayor from Cardinal Richelieu, demanding the Rendition of the City. Those that were at the Guard made scruple of receiving it; but having advertised the Mayor of it, he came accompanied with those of his Council, to whom he read the Letter; and then said with a loud voice to the Drummer (to the end that all those that were there might under∣stand the Answer he gave) That they were not upon the point of Rendering or Treating, and that they had Provisions beyond what they were made believe; be∣sides, that within eight or fifteen days they hoped to be relieved both by Sea and Land from England, and that they had no other Answer to give.

The 10th, John du Mont, called la Rose, a Na∣tive of Bourdeaux, being well known in the City, where he had a long time sojourned, but had been gone from thence some years for ill behaviour, be∣ing come from the Camp, was Convicted of a Conspiracy; and besides that he had been suspect∣ed from his arrival, there was a Letter writ from Mantaubon to the Dutchess of Rohan giving advice to seize his Person; which being done, they found about him a Table-Book which Convicted him: They stuck not to give him the ordinary and ex∣traordinary Rack, to know if he had not Compli∣ces, but he accused no body; yet upon the Gib∣bet exhorted the Rochellers very much, not to relie upon any Promises or Capitulations that might be proposed to them, telling them, that he knew they

1628. July. would not be kept, and that their ruine was de∣termined, whatever it cost, which occasioned the death of many people.

The 14th, with the Evening-tide, and betwixt two and three after Dinner, the Digue was beat upon with a very great and impetuous South-East∣wind, in such sort, as it was almost totally over∣turned, the Ships walled up, removed from their place, the Engines and Bridges broken to pieces, and part of the Wrack drive within the Chain, with a Bark of 25 or 30 Tun, which greatly re∣joyced the Rochellers, and kept them in good hopes, that thence forward the like Storms, and ill wea∣ther, would undo more in one Tide, than they could remake in many Months.

The same day an Artisan, called Pierre du Bourg, fled hither some years since for refuge, was hanged in the Castle-yard, for holding Intelligence with the Besiegers, and was discovered by his own Son of eleven or twelve years old, whose Innocency he made use of to carry his Letters to a certain place, whither those without came for them. Upon the Rack he accused divers Inhabitants, but at the Gibbet confessed, that the torment of the Rack made him say more than he knew, and that they were Innocent of that which he had laid to their Charge: This saved them, otherwise they had run the same Adventure as he, their Process being already well advanced.

The 24th, the Deputies in England seeing that the preparations that were made for the relief of Rochel went but slowly forward, made to the King sitting in his Council a free and pressing Harangue, by Sieur Vincent, as followeth.

1628. July.

The Harangue of Sieur Vincent to the King of Great Britain, drawn out of Sieur Vincent's own Journal.

JƲLY.

SIR,

THe griefs and sorrows which oblige us to ••o ••ll the Ears of your Majesty, and to rei∣terate them so often, ought to be most extreme: Behold us now, Sir, at your Feet, to wash them with our Tears, and we wish we do not in a little time come to sigh out our last breath with the news of the dissolution of our poor City. We know not, Sir, how to conceal it, the sense we have of its being at its last gasp, puts us into dispair, seeing that the succours which your Majesty hath made us hope would be ready, hath been deferred from day to day, for many Weeks together. Sir, the City of Rochel did by us beg of you to receive them into your Protection, and you as solemnly a∣greed to it, and since that they have had at divers times all the assurances possible, as well from your own mouth, as the Hand of your Majesty, that you would never abandon them; and according∣ly, by a Miracle of Constancy, they have held out hitherto (a whole year) contending with the hor∣rours of a most ghastful Famine, that they might thereby give leisure to your Majesty to send them the succours you pleased to promise them; and thus constant were they, even when all Europe be∣lieved they ought to have despaired, in that after having had relief, as they thought, several days in their sight, it returned without effecting or at∣tempting any thing: and though our Enemies

1628. July. have taken occasion from thence to make them divers Propositions of Accommodation, which the extremity of their necessities seemed to counsel the hearkening unto, yet they chose ra∣ther to run the hazard of their perpetual destru∣ction, than to be wanting in the least to the promises that we had sworn for them to your Ma∣jesty, or to shew the least diffidence of yours. After all this, Sir, shall it be recorded in the Histo∣ry of your Reign, that they perished in your hands, without reaping any other fruit of the good will your Majesty hath professed towards them, or of the assurance they have therein relied upon, than the rendering them irreconcileable to their King, from whom otherwise they might have found Grace. Pardon, Sir, this, from a People that finds themselves upon the Threshold of their Sepul∣chres, if they cannot avoid sighs that may be un∣decent in your presence. It is ordinary with those that are near their end, to finish their lives with groans; and such will be our case, if after the precedent neglects, there follows the least de∣lay. In the Name of God, Sir, whilst there is yet resting to us any Breath, and before we totally ex∣pire, command that your succours be hastened to our assistance; and provided that diligence be yet used, we will remain Caution to your Majesty, with the peril of our Heads, that they will arrive time enough to save us. And as to the impossibi∣lity that some will suggest to be in it, permit us, we beseech you, Sir, to tell you freely, that that Opinion proceeds either from fear, or want of af∣fection; and that besides the contrary Report that some unsuspected have made, thereof to your Majesty. It is not tobe thought that our City,

1628. July. who is within sight of the Digue, and Pallisade, and Carriage of her Cannon, would send time af∣ter time to beg your assistance, if they knew it would be unprofitable to them; and having e∣very day offers of advantageous Conditions to Treat upon, if they would hearken to it for them∣selves alone, they could be so imprudent as to neglect the opportunity. But we are ready, if it please your Majesty to permit it, to take upon us the first Adventure of the execution, to the end to justifie the sincerity of our proceedings to all the World; and that it may not be imputed to us, that we are prodigal of the blood of your Maje∣sties Subjects to ill purpose, or that we will spare our own: No, Sir, there is no impossibility in the case, as is feigned; but the only cause of our fears proceeds from the continual neglects from one day to another, and from one Week to the next, which make our hopes recoil. After there∣turn of your Fleet, we comforted our selves with the promise that was made us from your Maje∣sty, that it should set sail again within fifteen days; and when more than twenty were past, they added thereunto fourteen: After that, divers o∣ther neglects, in such sort, as make up now two Months compleat. Good God, Sir, time seems long with them that have not Bread; we know well the good Inclinations that your Majesty hath for us; as also we have had most certain proofs of the Duke of Buckingham (your High-Admiral) passionate applying himself for us, and the same of the Lords of your Council; but shall we not be excusable, if seeing the effects crossed by de∣lays, we entertain jealousies that your Majesty is not well served, and that there is some hidden

1628. July. hand which obstructs that which the zeal of o∣thers endeavour to advance. It is ordinary with men in misery to be suspitious, and possibly we are injuriously so; and indeed we do not know any person upon whom to determine our diffidence, nor do we intend the calling to mind any thing that is passed; for for ever, Sir, may that remain buried in perpetual Oblivion: and as for the time to come, let those at least to whom your Majesty shall give your Commands, answer your kindness to us with their affection and diligence, in putting your Fleet to Sea without any more delay, for de∣livering us out of the Jaws of Death. If upon this occasion, Sir, you discern those that serve you faithfully from others (if there be any such) let your Majesty hold it indisputable (if it please you) that all those, who under any pretext whatsoever, shall counsel the least neglect, do it from an evil intention, there being none that are ignorant of the horrible necessities of our City, and that one day of delay may be its ruine: Have considerati∣on thereof, Sir, we beseech you, by the tears and pitiful cryes of more than twelve thousand lan∣guishing Souls, whom Hunger devours, and who are all ready to perish by the interest of more than a Million of others, who without doubt will see themselves buried under our Ruines, and will find the Knife at their Throats the next day after we are lost: By the glory of your Scepter, under the Sanctuary of which we are come to put our selves, and which it hath pleased you to tender us for our security; by the Magnificent Title of Defender of the Faith, which obligeth your Majesty to relieve those that are oppressed out of a hatred to it: In ••ine, by the Faith and Word of a King, which it

1628. July. hath pleased you in grace and favour to ingage to us; Permit not, Sir, our Innocent Blood to re∣flect upon your Crown, to stain it, to Ages that shall succeed you, and at present to cry against your Majesty before God and Men. This is that, Sir, which our Consciences, and the duty we owe to our afflicted Fellow-Citizens obligeth us to re∣present again unto your Majesty, in whose Chari∣ty, Magnanimity, Piety, and inviolable Fidelity we have such confidence, that we assure our selves you will take this in good part, and into conveni∣ent consideration. And now, seeing that all our supplications tend to the making your Fleet (with∣out delay) set sail, and that to that end your pre∣sence at Portsmouth is so absolutely necessary, that without it we can scarce hope for any success, we are forced to take the boldness to supplicate in all humility the putting in execution the resolution you have taken to go thither: And now, Sir, we fall upon our knees before your Majesty, with most ardent prayers and cryes to God, that it will please him to make us find more and more favour in your sight; and that even we who now supplicate you, and are come to render to you our most humble acknowledgment, as our Great Deliverer, from whom, after God, we hold our goods, honours, and lives, may have cause to leave the memory of our Deliverance to our Children, to the end they may Celebrate it after us.

The 27th of July, the Dutchess of Rohan cau∣sed two of her Coach-Horses to be killed, as well for her own eating, as for the nourishment of her Family: besides (her necessity, whereof she was sensible) it was an example to others to suffer the utmost extremity, rather than to render the City.

1628. July. At this time the necessity, which was horrible, obliged divers to seek ways and means to pass the Line, others to scatter themselves in Vineyards, to gather even but Verges, Grapes, and some to render themselves willingly. It was now publish∣ed in the Camp, upon pain of death, not to suffer them to approach the Line, nor to take Prisoners any that should come out of Rochel, but by Mus∣quet-shot force them to return within their Coun∣terscarp and Ports, from whence many were kil∣led, chusing rather to finish their lives by a Mus∣quet-Bullet, than to return home to die there mi∣serably of Famine: And many Women and Maids of the common people, going into the Vineyards, were violated, and beaten with Forks, and shafts of Halberts; then stripped as naked as when they came from the Wombs of their Mothers, and so sent back to the City; and in this sort I have seen some return: But to meet them, other Wo∣men went to carry them Gard-robes, and Cloaks to cover their nakedness.

AƲGUST.

[ August.] The third of August the Sieur Fequiere (who had been Prisoner in the Tower of Moureil seven or eight Months) acquainted the Mayor by his Guards, that he desired to speak with him, or some from him, to the end to see if there were no way for coming to an Accommodation, or Treaty of Peace. He immediately sent the Sieurs Viette and Defos, who having heard his Propositions, made presently report thereof to the Mayor, and his Council; but they found it in many things very difficult, and above all, who they should depute towards the King, which they judged of too great

1628. Aug. consequence, for fear that the noise of a Treaty being spread, it should hinder their relief: be∣sides that, la Rose's words at his death, for not trusting to Articles, had made great impressions upon the spirits of men; and so the thing went no further.

The eighth of August, upon▪ a Remonstrance made the day before by Sieur Paul Mervault, Ma∣ster of the Artillery, to the Mayor and Council of War, that he found no Bullets in the Maga∣zine for Culverines and Bastards, and that to un∣dertake to cast more (as they had done three Months before) was time and money lost, for that they knew not the secret of the Mould. It was published thorough all the parts of the City, that all those that had Bullets proper for the said Pie∣ces, should bring them to the Master of the Artillery, who should pay for them seven Livres ten Scus per quintal, which furnished the said Pieces in some small kind, because those that had any brought them to him. The same day divers Sea∣men of the City went over to the Camp, being de∣bauched, and had been sent into the City to per∣vert them. This caused the Mayor to proclaim thorough the several quarters of the City, that all Seamen that should be taken going to the Camp, should be immediately hanged upon the place; and after this we heard not of any that went a∣way.

The ninth of August, the Sieur Ferriere, Coun∣cellor, who commanded that day as Captain at the Port of Coigne, as also with him Sieur Desmartes went very early in the morning, as if they walked out, and rendered themselves to the Fort Beau∣lieu: Those that were on the Guard at the said

1628. Aug. Port, perceiving them near the Fort, could not do other than make some shot at them, but did not touch them. The cause of their retreat was this, the Sieur de la Tourvert, Son of Sieur de Fleura, a Gentleman of Augoumois, was killed in a particular Quarrel in the Castle yard, as he walk∣ed there: The Lieutenant Criminal, upon the complaint made to him thereof, decreed the ta∣king of the Body, and judging the case; but the Mayor, and Council of War, being advertised thereof, would have the Cognisance of the busi∣ness, because both the Murthered and Murtherer were people drawn thither by the War, and Siege. Upon this they contested, and each made their Party; but the Mayor prevailing, the Assistant of the Judge Criminal, with three or four others of the Seat of Justice, gave a secret Sentence against him, and the Council of War condemned them in twelve thousand Livres penalty, payable by a∣ny one of them for the whole, his remedy reser∣ved against the others. Of this Sentence, there were four Exemplifications to remain by each one of them, shut up and hid in a place the most se∣cret they could devise, reserving the execution unto the relief or change of the condition of the City. It came to pass some time after, that the Assistant upon some suspition (though never∣theless could not be proved) was made Prisoner, and his Papers seized, among which was found this Sentence, which was the thing that moved these two Councellors to leave the City; but it wanted little of bringing them into a Burning Fe∣ver; for being presented to the Kings Council, it made ill for them, for that being Officers they remained in the City, from whence it was conclu∣ded

1628. Aug. that they came away from necessity, and not from affection to the service of the King; so that they ran a great hazard of not having the relief that Monsieur Thoiras had promised them: but having a great kindness for Monsieur Desmartes, he obtained of Cardinal Richelieu the referring of them to the Marshal Schomberg, who some time after took their Parol. As to the fourth Judge, who was John Ogier, Sieur of Moriniers, he left not the City, finding himself supported by a number of Friends and Souldiers, whom he had com∣manded as Camp-Master of a Regiment, insomuch that without difficulty he made his agreement; and as to the Assistant Criminal, he remained in Prison until the reduction of the City.

This following Narrative is taken out of the Relation of Sieur Veronneau.

THe tenth of August, the Sieur de la Fitte (Ser∣jeant-Major to Meilleraye's Regiment) toge∣ther with Sieur de Delon, (Lieutenant of a Com∣pany in the same Regiment) sent out between eight and nine in the morning a Drum, who de∣manded, on the behalf of two Gentlemen, with∣out naming them, if they might have half an hours discourse with Sieur de la Goute, Honorary Advo∣cate to the King, and Sieur Peter Toupet. The Guard of Maubec, who received the Drum, brought him to the Mayors House, where the Council was assembled, and the Drummer having told them the cause of his coming, they demand∣ed of the Sieur de la Goute, and Toupet, who those were that enquired after them, and if they knew

1628. Aug. what they desired of them. The one and the o∣ther finding themselves surprised by this question, asked leave to go and see who it was, and speak to them; and to the end that the Council might be informed of all that might be said and done, du∣ring their discourse, they chose from among them∣selves, of the Council, Benjamin Veronneau Advo∣cate, to assist at the said Conference; which be∣ing begun with imbracements, made particularly by the said Sieur de la Fitte of the said de la Goute, and Toupet, with whom he had had long acquain∣tance, Sieur de la Fitte began to speak in this sort: Gentlemen, the King being most well informed of your Fidelity towards him, and that you have the Flower de Luces so impressed upon your hearts, that you have rejected all the Propositions that men could make you, for shaking off his Dominion, to serve another Prince, is the sole subject of our Message. Cardinal Riche∣lieu, who knoweth that I have some Acquaintance in your City, hath commanded me to endeavour to confer with some of you upon the subject of your misery, to the end to prevent your ruine, which you seem to af∣fect, by not seeking to your Prince (who is altogether good) for his Grace, when he would never refuse it you, if you humble your selves to him: He knows that your Famine is great, that your Houses are already full of dead Bodies for want of Bread, that the voice of dying persons sounds in your Streets, and that those that have been most provident are not furnished until the first of September; it is your duty to save rather those that are remaining, than to loose them, because they which remain are the most considerable; scarcity begun with the lowest sort, most subject to Rebellion; he had rather have your Hearts, than your Walls; and be assured, that if you are once reduced to his

1628. Aug. service, you will not any more depart from it. You be∣lieve, or suspect, that the King will take away your Religion, and that the Cardinal will perswade the ba∣nishing it the Kingdom; you are mistaken, the King would be most easie, would you have confidence in him, and desires to win you with sweetness, without using violence. The experience of times passed doth suffici∣ently demonstrate to France, that Religion is not to be planted with the Sword, and that it's God alone that in∣clines the Heart, and illuminates the Ʋnderstanding with his knowledge. Think of it then whilst there is time, and perish not, expecting Bread from England; those People think not of you, and if they should have a desire to succour you, they will not now be able to do it: The King hath a powerful Sea-Army to destroy all the force they can bring, and the Digue is in such a condition, that the English will not dare to hazard the breaking of it with their Ships: I pray you, Gen∣tlemen, have pity of your selves.

This Discourse being received with Applause by the aforesaid Sieurs de la Goute, Toupet, and Veronneau, after a short Discourse full of Thanks, they acknow∣ledged their desire of entering into the favour of their Prince, and that they were come thither to hear the Propositions and Overtures that would be made, that they might report them to the Council, and of their own good Intentions, they might assure his Majesty, the Cardinal, and the Lords of the Council; and most earnestly intreat∣ed the said Sieurs de la Fitte, and de Delon, to im∣part to them the Propositions: To which they an∣swered; they could not do that, having no order therein; but if the Inhabitants of the City would enter into a Treaty, it behoved them to do it with the Cardinal, who would be at the Fort de la Fons

1628. Aug. when they should desire it; and that he might be near at hand, if they would give security for his coming within the Percullis of the Port Coigne, he would not refuse it; provided, that as caution for his Person, they would give a competent num∣ber of the most qualified Citizens to remain as Ho∣stages, during the said Treaty: And after this, the said Sieurs de la Fitte, and de Delon, delivered divers Propositions, but, as they said, without Commission. The first was, that since the Rochel∣lers would not upon any account whatever re∣nounce their obedience to France, according as they had testified to those that would have drawn them to it, they ought to cherish the Honour of their Prince, and treating with him, give some marks of their submission to his Majesty: That Subjects ought not (in any time) to think to treat with their King as Equals, especially when he sees them at the last gasp. You ought to think of some Overtures which may content both Parties, such as may evidence the humility of the Rochellers, and advance the glory of their Prince; they should of themselves demolish the Bastion of the Port Coigne, which being done, the King will retire without entering the City with any of his Army, either by that way, or any other. To which was replied by Messieur de la Goute, Toupet, and Veronneau, that if all the inhabitants of the City would have as much confidence as they in the bounty of the King, and word of his Principal Ministers, their Proposition might be received; but that the City being com∣posed of persons timerous and fearful, they had no hopes of perswading them that they could be in security against the Army that besieged them, after there should be such a breach in their Walls,

1628. Aug. and begged of them not to believe that they could be so simple, as to make such a Proposition, and much less to make it valid, and strengthen it, by alledging their reasons. After this, the said Sieurs came to a second Overture, which was, that the King should enter the City with two hundred per∣sons by the Port Coigne, without going into the Streets; and going along the Ramparts, return by the Port S. Nicholas. This second, as more sweet, was better hearkened unto, yet neverthe∣less not received by the Sieurs de la Goute, Toupet, and Veronneau, who relying upon the knowledge they had of the said Inhabitants, replied, that to demand the entry of the King alone, were as much as to demand the entry of all his Army; for that there is not one in the City, who seeing his Maje∣sty in it, would not think rather to humble them∣selves before him, and to beg his pardon, than to give order that there should but two hundred per∣sons come in, when upon such an occasion there may be some Lords with the King, who against his good intentions, exceeding the promise given, would do that which he in no wise would have done, perswading the people that they could not have any security in their diffidence of him. This Exception being also judged reasonable, they came to a third Overture, which was, that in all cases to shew, as well to the Kingdom, as to Strangers, that the King had the advantage of his Subjects of Rochel, they would demolish one of the three Tow∣ers upon the Haven of the City unto the height only of the Walls. This Proposition was found so moderate, that the Sieurs de la Goute, Toupet, and Veronneau answered, that if his Majesty would, be content with the demolishing of all the three Tow∣ers,

1628. Aug. and would solely depend thereupon, they would submit thereunto, without expecting more. After this Conference, which was three hours at least, both Parties retired, resolving to report each to their Principals, what had passed in this Interview, endeavouring to bring things to an Accommodation, and to ingage in a Treaty. And indeed the Sieurs de la Goute, Toupet, and Veron∣neau, having in general made report to the Coun∣cil, (who continued sitting, expecting them) they approved of what had passed, and appointed after Dinner to consider thereof; when after having heard more particularly from the Sieurs de la Goute, Toupet, and Veronneau, what had been pro∣pounded, and their Answers, they resolved of in∣gaging in a Treaty; but the manner of it was found so greatly difficult, that in the end, by plurality of Voices, they deferred it some days, to give eve∣ry one time to consider with himself of the best and convenientest method and means.

The day after, by order of the Council of War, Sieur Paul Mervalt caused to be put upon the Ports, and the Detachments from the Port Coigne, and upon the Casements of the said Ports, upon the Port and Herse, or Portcullis of Mau∣bec, upon the Ports and Bridge of S. Nicholas, and of the two Mills, 230 great Bullets of Battery, that in case of any attempts to scale the Walls, to cast down upon them that should storm them.

The 16th of August, betwixt two and three a Clock in the Afternoon, came within a Musquet∣shot of the Port Coigne a Herald with two Trum∣pets, to summon the Rochellers to render them∣selves to the King, to whom no answer was gi∣ven.

1628. Aug.

The 21th ditto in the night, the Rochellers sent out by Land a Messenger with this Letter to their Deputies in England; as followeth.

Gentlemen,

WE earnestly intreat you not to lose any time, for Famine presseth us. You know we have been long without receiving any relief: the Digue is the most facile in the middle, having nothing there but floating Vessels, and some Engines: The Enemies Na∣vy consists but in thirty great Ships, the others being small: they have also one Gally and about thirty Shal∣loops, but ill equipped, not having in all six hundred Seamen. To facilitate the passage, our Fire-ships are good, and the others for the Mire are better: some men with Hatchets to cut are necessary: We believe you will be courageous in undertaking the execution of the Com∣mands of the King of Great Britain; after God all depends upon you: Be assured, that for our parts we shall do our duty, who are,

Rochel, Aug. 20. 1628.

Gentlemen,

Your most affectionate Servants, the Mayor, Sheriffs, Coun∣cellors, and Peers of the City of Rochel; and for all, Guitton, Mayor. The Superscription, Messieurs, David, Vincent, Bragneau, Dehinse, and Gobert.

The 22th the Rochellers received advice, that the Sieur Grossetiere (who had been taken returning from England, whither he was sent to hasten suc∣cours)

1628. Aug. had been carried to the Kings Camp, to be proceeded against by way of Process; whereup∣on, besides that from the first news of the taking him, they had writ to the Camp, demanding the having him treated as a Prisoner of War, and to be used in his Quarters, as had been hitherto pra∣ctised by one to another, declaring, that they should do the same to the Sieur Fiquere, their Pri∣soner, as they should do to others belonging to them. They writ also to Cardinal Richelieu by a Drummer, who found him at Chatiliers Barlot, whither he was gone for change of Air, because of the Contagion that was in the Army, and de∣livered him this Letter following.

The Rochellers Letter to Cardinal Richelieu, in favour of Grossetiere.

My Lord,

IT is some time since we understood the taking of the Sieur Grossetiere, a Gentleman gone from hence in the imployment of this City, under our Com∣missions, who passing thorough one of the Provinces of this Kingdom, was taken, arrested, and brought into the Kings Army. We immediately writ thereof to one of the Generals, relying upon the Common Right of War, and of the quarter that hath been always given hitherto by the one to the other; but we now hear this morning, that they pretend to draw up Process against him, and deliver him over to the Court of Justice, to condemn him to Death, as if he were accused of some Crime, as a man without Authority, at which we are most justly concerned, he not having undertaken either Voyage, or any action since this War, but with Commission from us, by which he hath been Authorised: It is therefore

1628. Aug. that we address our selves finally to you, my Lord, who knows perfectly the intentions of the King, and to manage them with most excellent prudence, and by your Authority to keep men within bounds, contrary to the natural heat of particular persons, to the end to suppli∣cate your Greatness, that the said Sieur Grossetiere may not meet with any evil treatment, who hath not in his Comportment done any thing to be spoke against, having had our Order and Commission for all his Transactions, according as we now certifie you; and let it please you, that we dare from your bounty promise our selves, that by the present Messenger, who is an Express, you will let us know that this Address will not be fruitless, and that you will cure us of the perplexi∣ty we are in upon this occasion, and of all troublesome Events which may proceed from this Occurrence. A∣bove all, we remain,

Rochel, Aug. 22. 1628.

Monseigneur,

Your most humble and most obedient Servants, the Mayor, Sheriffs, Councellors, Peers, Burgers, and Inhabitants of the City of Ro∣chel, Guitton, Mayor.

Cardinal Richelieu's Answer to the Rochellers by the same Messenger that carried theirs.

Gentlemen,

IAm sorry that your Actions beg not the favour you desire from the bounty of the King, rather than your words; but I am greatly astonished, that hin∣dering

1628. Aug. all the City where you are from receiving the ef∣fects of his Majesties mercy, you seek it upon a parti∣cular account, wherein the generality of your Citi∣zens have not any interest; you are not in a state or condition to treat as Equals with your Master, and to desire it is Criminal: Nevertheless, not to augment by this way the number of your faults, I do not know what is the Kings pleasure (whose Bounty is infinite) upon the subject of Grossetiere: But this I know, that he can∣not receive any punishment that is not less than his de∣merits. It is your duty to keep those that are in the City, where you are, within the Circuit of your Walls, his Majesty being resolved not to suffer any longer that his Souldiers pass the Line towards Rochel, nor those of Rochel approach the same bounds, and pass un∣punished: I advertise you hereof, to the end that none of you be taken by inadvertency. In the mean time, I pray you believe, that I have with passion desired that you may give me cause to evidence my affection, and that I am very glad of an occasion to let you know that I am,

From Chastellier, Aug. 23. 1628.

Gentlemen,

Your affectionate Servant, Cardinal Richelieu.

The 24th ditto, the Rochellers sent a Letter to their Deputies in England of this Tenure.

Gentlemen,

WE have expected three Months ago the effects of the excellent Letters that we received from the King of England, but we do not hear by what disaster it is that we remain here miserable, without see∣ing

1628. Aug. any succours appear: Our Souldiers can do no more, they die of Famine in the Streets, and all our Families are frightened with groans, sighs, indigency, and uncertainties; nevertheless, we shall hold out un∣til the last day: But in the Name of God stay not longer, or we shall perish.

Rochel, Aug. 24. 1628.

Yours, &c.

The 26th ditto, about eight or nine a Clock in the Evening, the Rochellers sent out by Land an In∣habitant of the City, called Beron, a Watch∣maker, as a Messenger into England, to hasten their relief; but being in the Kings Quarters at Estre, he was discovered, and as soon taken; and ha∣ving found by him a Billet in his Doublet behind, betwixt the shoulders, where he had hid it, they condemned him to be hanged, as they did also two others, who went out at the same time.

SEPTEMBER.

[ Septemb.] The 4th of September, the Sieur Arnault, Master of the Camp of the Carrabines of the King, came on behalf of his Majesty to the Port de Coigne, to speak to them, making his pretence to be the desire of treating for the exchange of Sieur Fequiere, his Brother-in-law, with the Sieur Grosse∣tiere. Immediately there was sent thither, on be∣half of the Mayor and his Council, the Sieurs de Fiefmignou and Riffault, for the Common-Hall, and Defos and Moquay for the Burgers, carrying also with them the Sieur Fiquiere. They remain∣ed with him in Conference from eight in the morning, until one in the afternoon, and conti∣nued

1628. Septemb. the same Conference the ninth, as also the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth following: and in the end, after these long Debates, it was decreed, that the next day in the morning there should be Deputies sent to Cardinal Richelieu, and to that end were nominated Sieurs Riffault, and Journault, who after having had Pass-ports of the King, went to wait upon the Cardinal at Ron∣say, with whom they conferred until the Evening, and then returned to their City, with hopes of obtaining their Peace under Conditions good e∣nough; but the coming of two Natives of the City (viz.) Mesnier and Beaumont, who arrived the same day from England, caused the breaking off of the Treaty, by the assurances they gave that the English Army would be on this Coast with the first favourable weather; the Letter which they delivered to the Mayor being as followeth.

The Deputies Letter to the Rochellers.

Gentlemen,

GOD is our Witness of the anguish of our hearts for the miseries that you suffer, and men shall be the same of our continual endea∣vours and intercessions with his Majesty, and the Lords of the Council, for hastening your as∣sistance: Hitherto we have been so unhappy, that notwithstanding the excellent inclinations that they have here, and the particular good Of∣fices that the Duke hath done us, we have met with nothing but cross upon cross, ever since the departure of Monsieur Grossetiere, insomuch that their good will cannot be seconded with the di∣ligence promised by them, and which is necessary

1628. Septemb. for you. On the Lords day there arrived with us the Brother of the deceased Forrest with your Letters, the abovesaid Grossetiere having not judged it fit for him to charge himself with them. We cannot tell you how much we have been troubled, finding that which we have ever justly feared: we have always foretold your extreme necessities; to morrow we will present to the Duke that which you have addressed to him, and by his means to his Majesty that which you have writ to him, and read also to them that which you have been pleased to write to us, though they speak enough of it themselves; for so it is, that the Duke of Soubize, and we, do accompa∣ny them with the most instant supplications that is possible for us, and with abundance of tears, who shew great trouble at the excess of our grief; and his Majesty shewing himself extraor∣dinarily concerned, caused at the same time the assembling of his Principal Officers, to dispatch them to the Havens where the preparations were made. In brief, he established all necessary Orders for to make them diligent, and indeed they have the three last days since advanced very much, in such sort, as we have now great hopes, that within fifteen days at furthest, the Fleet will set sail, if God give a favourable season. It goes so well furnished of all things necessary, with so much resolution, carrying a Command so express from his Majesty, to conquer or die, that we hope (by the help of God) for all happy success. In the mean time, because contrary Winds may happen, his Majesty hath thought good, besides six which have been dispatched by us since the return of the Earl of Denby, to send

1628. Septemb. you back this Messenger, to the end, that if the season prove unfavourable, and retards your suc∣cours, you shall remain assured, that with the first fair wind you shall not fail of it. Seeing then that things are in this condition, in the Name of God, Gentlemen, continue the Miracles of your Constancy: we know that your necessities can∣not be other than frightful, representing to our selves our Children, who with yours cry out of Hunger; we eat scarce a morsel, that we water not with our tears; but do you retrench all Nu∣triture, and even to our Children (God knows nevertheless how dear they are to us) and to all such as are not capable of applying themselves to the Common Defence, make of Extreme Ne∣cessity a Vertue, in expectation that God will Crown it with his Deliverance. We write you this with eyes bathed with tears, desiring nothing more than to be with you to bear a part of your Miseries, as we have done of Prosperity: But since the Providence of God hath disposed other∣wise of us, we beseech you to have this confi∣dence in our Fidelity, that we shall not spare any labour, until God in his mercy make us to see this work conducted to his end, and your Conso∣lation, and to the confusion of the Enemies of God, and yours. It remains resolved, that one of us will imbark with them in the Fleet, but we are in contestation which of us it shall be, each desiring it with passion. We shall yield never∣theless to reason, seeing that we judge it necessa∣ry that one of us remain here, and shall a∣gree amicably in this, as we have always done in all other things, after we have weighed that which shall seem most profitable to us: In the

1628. Septemb. mean time we joyn with you in prayers to God, that he will uphold you by his Power, according as hitherto he hath done; and as we are assured, that all Europe hath at this time their eyes upon you, as an example of the greatest courage and generosity that can be heard of, so that you will continue, in such sort, as Posterity shall also ad∣mire you, for not having bowed under the great∣est necessity, having surmounted things the most insurmountable. This is the desire and firm assu∣rance of those who are so long as they shall have the least breath of life,

Gentlemen,

Your most humble and most o∣bedient Servants and De∣puties,

• J. David,
• Ph. Vincent.

London, July 14. 1628.

The Sieur Dehinse is at Plimouth, as also the Sieurs Bragneau and Gobert at Portsmouth, where they labour in your business.

Gentlemen,

WE add these lines, to tell you in behalf of the Duke, that in case it fall out, that if the first Assault be not accompanied with success, that he hopes you will not doubt but he will make a second, a third, and so on, until he perish, or that he hath relieved you: In the mean time he expects, that if the Wind is such as he can serve you, or in case it turns, and is a∣gainst him, that you think favourably of him. You must not spare to do on your side all that is possible with your Fire-ships; we doubt not of your establishing

1628. Septemb. so good order, that the Enemy shall have no opportuni∣ty of surprizing you, as of old the Turks did a place in the Morea, which they gained after a long Siege, whilst the people imprudently ran to the Haven, where they received relief.

The 12th of August, betwixt two and three a Clock Afternoon, Bouffard, Sieur of Magdeleine, entered a Horse-back into Rochel by the Sea-side, but not without running adventure three times of being taken by the Kings Horse, who pursued him all along the shore from Port-Neuf, until very near the Port of two Mills, carrying news to the Rochellers, that the English Army was shipped, and ready to sail with the first good wind to come to their relief.

The 20th of August, in the night, the Heavens was seen from ten or eleven in the Evening, until break of day, all on fire, and Lightnings in such manner, as made it as clear as in full day, with∣out any noise or thundering in the Air: Some re∣ported to have seen on the Sea-coast an Appari∣tion, like men, fighting one with another: After∣wards it was noised thorough the City, that at midnight there appeared in the Heavens, over the Digue, a Naval Fleet, where after a great Com∣bate there was a breach made, which gave pas∣sage to the Ships; the wise gave no heed to this, but the common people comforted themselves with it; whatever it was, this night had something extraordinary, which caused the inflammation of the Air in such a manner, as occasioned a great Allarum in the City, and that all run to the pla∣ces of Arms, and Court of Guards, where they remained until day, upon the fear of those Fan∣tasmes which the Watch took for men.

1628. Septemb. The 28th of August, an Inhabitant, called John Mattin, came into Rochel from England, bringing a Letter from the Deputies, advising that the Ar∣my was put to Sea, and was on this side the Channel, and that it had come sooner, had not the death of the Duke of Buckingham, who was killed at Portsmouth by a Lieutenant, hindered it; the History of whose Death, because he was a great Lord, and the first Author of this War, I have inserted here, with the circumstances of it, having extracted it from the Journals of one of the Deputies who was in England, and since his re∣turn hath given me a Narrative of it.

An Extract of the Journal of Sieur Vincent.

THe 26th of September, 1628. being at Ports∣mouth, where the preparations for the Naval Army were preparing with all diligence, the Duke of Buckingham sent for us early in the morn∣ing, and communicated to us some Letters re∣ceived from the Kings Camp before Rochel; by which they gave him advice, that the City had then received a notable refreshment of Victuals, and particularly fifty or sixty Oxen: We answered, that these reports were scattered artificially to re∣tard our relief, and that except Oxen could fly, it was impossible that the News could be true. The Duke of Soubize came in at the very instant of time, and confirmed the same that I had said, beseeching him not to slacken upon this noise his good affections and diligence in our Affairs: He promised us that there should not be one moment of delay; but however, he continued the news, and intended himself to carry it to the King, who

1628. Septemb. was four miles from thence; and thereupon he got a slight Breakfast, and going from the Table, he was presented with a certain Plat-form for a Building, by a Captain of a very little stature, and viewing of it, went towards the door, where the Tapistry being held up for him, he stayed some time looking upon, and considering the Plat∣form. In this place, and at this instant, there came up a certain young man, a Lieutenant of a Company, who over the shoulder of the said Cap∣tain stabbed him with a Knife at one blow in the Stomach, and so retired into the Croud: The Duke laid presently his hand upon his Sword, and pursued him the length of the Antichamber, pro∣nouncing these words, Ha Dog, thou hast killed me: Then finding himself to faint, let fall his Sword, and pulled out the Knife himself, which he who stabbed him had left in his Body. As soon as it had taken wind, he fell upon the ground, and be∣ing lifted up by his Servants, was laid along upon a Table to make the blood come from him, which came out at his mouth, and then he gave no more any sign of life. This was so sudden, as one can scarce imagine. We being in the Chamber, at the door where he was stabbed, there rise a re∣port that the French had killed the Duke: The noise and confusion which was in the Croud, be∣ing amongst his Train, put us into a most great Allarm, every one laying their hands upon their Swords, crying and demanding who it was, and we had assuredly run a great Adventure, had not he who committed the Murther, seeing others wrongfully accused, accused himself, declaring with a loud voice, that it was he. Whereupon be∣ing seized, and interrogated upon the cause which

1628. Septemb. had moved him to this action, he answered, that they would find it in the Crown of his Hat, where (presuming that he should be killed upon the place) he had hid them; and there they found a Writing, the substance whereof was, that the Duke having been declared by Vote of Parlia∣ment (a Copy of which he recited) an Enemy to the State, his Life, by the Laws of the Kingdom, was exposed as a prey; and to this publick injury he joyned another, as to his own particular, (viz.) in that for advancing his own Favourites, he had twice prevented him of a Captains Command, when it was his due; so that he believed he had a right to revenge by that Stab both himself and the Publick: And as he had committed this to writing, he continued afterwards to declare the same by word of mouth, that having killed a Pub∣lick Enemy, he was authorised therein by the Laws of the Land; and other Confession than this they had no way to draw from him, the Rack not being permitted in England. But to return to the Duke, so soon as he was expired, all the great Croud which filled his House, went away by little and little, and returning thither two hours after, I found the Body extended in a Corner of the Room upon a miserable old Mat, and guarded solely by one Valet de Chambre: And this opposed to the splendour in which we saw him in the morn∣ing, having about him all the gallantest Nobility of the Kingdom, and the Principal Captains of the Army, presenteth to us a sad document of the vanity and inconstancy of the fading things of this World. The News was carried presently to the King, who was in his Chappel at that days service. When they told it him in his Ear, he stir∣red

1628. Septemb. not from his place, nor enquired after any particulars of it, which was taken for a Testimo∣ny of the great Reverence he carried to the Place and Action, which he would not trouble; only as a mark of a grand Emotion, they observed the blood to come into his face, which became as black as a Hat. Prayers being ended, he enquired after the Fact, sent to condole the Widdow, and assured her, that the Offices of the Father should be preserved for the Son; and sent us word also, that this accident should not in any kind divert his good will and kindness, giving us order to ac∣quaint our City with the same.

This was the end of this great Lord raised by King James, and had all the Power under the present King his Son; who having put him upon amplifying the Rights of his Royalty beyond what the Laws of England seem to permit, he had drawn upon him the hatred of all the Kingdom, as appeared during his life, and much more after his death, in that they would at a great rate have redeemed the life of him that had assassinated him.

The 27th of Septemb. new Stile, about seven or eight in the Evening, the Land-Forces, and all the Batteries, made a Consort with Cannon and Musquet-shot, mixed with an infinite number of Fire-works, and cryes of Vive le Roy, which con∣tinued above an hour and a half in Celebration of the Kings Nativity.

The 28th of Septemb. arrived in Rochel a Gen∣tleman called Champ Flewry, from the English Ar∣my, with two Letters in Cyphers, the one from the Duke of Soubize to the Dutchess his Mother, and another from the Deputies to the Mayor,

1628. Septemb. and Body of the City, assuring them, that before day was gone, they would see the English Fleet ar∣rived; and about four or five in the Evening, a great Party of the same appeared at the entering into the Road, betwixt the Island and the Main, and came to Anchor in the great Road of S. Mar∣tin, and a la Palisse, expecting those of the Fleet which were behind.

The 30th ditto, it came to the Head of the Bay, being joyned in the morning with a Squadron, as it was in the Evening with another, which came in by Antioch, and so joyned altogether.

In the mean time, those of the Camp remained not idle, but put themselves in a posture of pow∣erfully resisting the English, and wrought diligent∣ly day and night to reinforce anew the Digue and Pallisade, by sinking of Ships, raising of Batte∣ries, placing of Candlesticks and Engines, furnish∣ing the Ships with Men and Ammunition, and guarding the Coasts with Horse and Foot. In brief, they omitted nothing that could be done upon this occasion.

OCTOBER.

[ October.] The second of Octob. new Stile, the Rochellers seeing their succours at the Head of the Bay, sent by Land the Sieur de la Land du Lac, to acquaint them with the extremities that they were reduced unto, and how the Digue was composed, and the places where they might pass it.

The same day in the Evening the Rochellers re∣ceived a Letter from their Deputies in England, as followeth.

1628. October.

The Deputies Letter to the Rochellers.

Gentlemen,

THe Fleet being scattered at Sea, and not being able to re-assemble until Saturday in the Even∣ing, you have seen that the Weather since hath been improper for them, but rest assured, that they will take the first opportunity, and that all are so disposed to do well, that they will not depart before they have, with Gods assistance, relieved you. This is the Resolution of his Majesty, the Intention of the General, all the Cap∣tains, and Souldiers; remain therefore most assured hereof.

From the Road in the Head of the Bay, Octob. 1. 1628.

Gentlemen,

Yours, &c.

The third of Octob. new Stile, about seven or eight in the morning, the English Army, Command∣ed by the Earl of Linsey, set sail, and seemed to give order to advance betwixt the two Points, but stayed there two hours, with some light approa∣ches on each side, but nevertheless without coming to blows; nor did they any thing more, than dis∣charge many Cannon-shot, and send some Fire∣ships, without any effect, and after this retired, to the great trouble of the Rochellers, who believed they ought to have done better, for they had al∣ready, in their hopes, swallowed the Provisions brought them by the Fleet.

During this shadow of Attacque, the Rochellers discharged many Cannon-shot from their Steeples, Towers, and Batteries on that side, of which it

1628. October. was reported in the Evening, that one shot from the Tower of S. Nicholas, killed four Persons of Quality on the side of Coureille: In the City was also killed with one shot, coming from the Gally, the Sieur Gedeon Mignonneau.

The fourth of Octob. the English Army returned a second time, as if it intended to attacque the Ar∣my of the King, but did no more than the day be∣fore, discharge some Cannon-shot, and set six of their Fire-ships on fire; but being a Calm, and the Wind at North, they effected nothing, but burnt behind the Points of the Head of the Bay, and Coureille, unto the Plain of Angulin. This saddened the hearts of the Rochellers greatly, and took from them (by their ill beginning) almost all hopes of being delivered by this Army.

The seventh, the Sieur Paul Mervault caused to be cast in Rochel four Culverines, one whereof failed, the other three proving good.

The same day the King sent a Gentleman into the City, to know if they would come to any Treaty of Peace; but he returned the next day without doing any thing, the Rochellers refusing all particular Treaties, and making again the fore∣mentioned difficulty of knowing how to address to the King.

The eighth ditto, the English Army made a Sig∣nal, accompanied with a Cannon-shot, upon the arrival of Sieur de la Land du Lac, which the Ro∣chellers answered with the contrary Signal, of a Fire upon the Tower at the Chain, and with a Cannon-shot.

The eighth ditto, there came into Rochel three Souldiers, called Chardeuine, la Verdue, and la Paillette, coming from the English Army, with

1628. October. each a Letter, which they delivered to the Mayor, being of this Tenure.

The Deputies (aboard the Duke of Soubize) their Letter to the Rochellers.

Gentlemen,

WE have given you already advice of our com∣ing, and of our firm resolutions to relieve you; we send this, to reiterate the assurances we have be∣fore given you, and to tell you, that though the Skir∣mishes of Tuesday and Wednesday had no effect, you ought not to be discouraged, but to hold your selves assured, that with the help of God we will not depart from hence, before you are either saved, or we de∣stroyed. We have, with Gods help, force sufficient to make us hope well, and see his bounty in your speedy deliverance; if you can help us therein, we do certain∣ly conclude that you will not be sparing in it: If you have any advice to give us touching the Pallisade, and the manner of attacquing it, endeavour to let us know it; in the mean time, we pray God to fortifie you: The Duke of Soubize, who will subscribe this, salutes you, and desires you to let this be as well for the Dut∣chess his Mother, as for you. We are,

From aboard the Duke of Soubize, Octob. 6. 1628.

Gentlemen,

Your most humble and most obe∣dient Servants and Depu∣ties,

• Soubize.
• Ph. Vincent,
• J. Dehinse,
• D. Bragneau,
• J. Gobert.

1628. October.

Besides this Letter, the Messenger that brought it, told Wonders of the Preparations that were made against the next High-tide; and above all, that they had three Ships to use as a Mine to blow up the Digue with, in each of which there were many thousands of Powder, from which they ex∣pected great effect for breaking the Digue, and entirely opening the passage.

This caused some particular persons (fore∣judging that with the said High-water Victuals would come into the City) to make on the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth, a publick sale of Corn, Bisquet, and all sorts of Provisions; and there was found one amongst others, who had for∣ty Bushels of Corn, and as many of Wheat, ten Quintals of Bisquet, twelve Bushels of Beans, and as many of Pease, six Bushels of Fitches, one Bale of Rice, twelve Quintals of dried Fish of Virginy, and six Barrels of Butter. As this did well with many, so it killed a great many others, whose Sto∣machs being debilitated by ill nourishment, and the little that they had in a long time eaten, were left without heat for digestion, in such sort, that having eaten greedily, they fainted away, as I have seen many.

The 14th ditto, with the Evening-tide, the En∣glish Army made a Signal of Fire, upon the arrival of a Souldier that the Mayor had sent, upon which the Rochellers made immediately another in the Tower of the Chain, and from the Lanthorn.

The 15th ditto, in the night, came into Rochel a Souldier, who reported, that my Lord Montague was come into the Camp to treat of a Peace with the King; and after having been well received of his Majesty, and Cardinal Richelieu, he was re∣turned

1628. October. thence into the English Army: He said al∣so, so, that a Cannon-shot from the Steeple of S. Bar∣tholomew fell in the Fort Louis, over against the King, who having at that time the said Montague with him, they were by it covered with dust, which was the cause that betwixt three and four a Clock in the Evening, there was many Cannon-shot discharged from the said Fort against the City: And this accident obliged the Rochellers to redou∣ble their Prayers every day at their Sermons, for the preservation of his Majesty from all evil.

At this time, the Mayor and his Council seeing that the Spring-tide was passed, without the En∣glish Army attempting any thing, the weather having been always very calm, so that they could not hope for relief sooner than with the next Spring-tide, assembled the Council in the Town∣house, to the end to consider how to govern themselves for the time to come. Amongst other things they ordained, that there should be esta∣blished in all the Companies of the City, Com∣missioners to make search in all Houses to see what Corn there was, or other Provisions, and to leave thereof, in each House where any was found, for fifteen days, or three Weeks at the most, and to take the rest to distribute to those that had none. The search being made, there was found in all but 150 Bushels of Corn of all Grain, each having done of themselves, at the arrival of the English, what now the Council would do, and help∣ed their Parents and Friends with what they had over, expecting nothing less than to see the En∣glish Fleet a Month in the Road without doing any thing.

This little Corn that was found, was reserved

1628. October. for the nourishment of the Souldiers, who with the inhabitants were like Anatomies, and by little and little died away. And it is most observable what befell two English Souldiers, who finding that they could do no more, went together to the House of a Joyner, to bespeak each their Cossin for the next day by eight in the morning: he at first refused it, believing they mocked him, as thinking himself more wasted with Famine than the Souldiers; have you not strength, said they, to work? and pressing of him, and paying him in ad∣vance, the gain made him undertake it; and be∣fore them, and in their presence, began to work, and finished these two Coffins, and came at the time they appointed with them, when he saw the same Evening one die, and the other the next day, betwixt ten and eleven in the morning.

The 17th of October, the Sieur Arnault came to the Port S. Nicholas to Parley; there were no∣minated to hear him the Sieurs Viette, Riffault, Journault, and Mocquay: he returned the next day, and conferred long with them, but could not conclude any thing.

The 18th, in the morning, the Mayor and Coun∣cil sent out Chardeuine to go to the English Army; but as he would have passed the Line, he received a Musquet-shot in his shoulder, which obliged him to return to the City.

The 19th, in the morning before day, the Mayors Lodgings were set on fire, and he had run an adventure of being burnt, had it not been that one that passed that way discovered it, crying, Fire, Fire, which brought together the Neigh∣bourhood, who quenched it readily, before it had time to burn more than part of the doors, and

1628. October. blacken the Planks of the Shop: It was believed that this proceeded from some Inhabitants, who despairing of relief, desired the rendition of the Town.

Now the Famine increased dreadfully, nothing being left, the greatest number having in three Months time not known what Bread was, nor any thing of ordinary Provisions; Flesh of Horses, Asses, Mules, Dogs, Cats, Rats and Mice, were all eaten up; there was no more Herbs or Snails left in the Fields, so that their recourse was to Lea∣ther, Hides of Oxen, skins of Sheep, Cinamon, Cassia, Liquorish out of Apothecaries Shops, Flemish Colewort frigased, Bread of Straw made with a little Sugar, Flower of Roots, Irish Powder, Gelly of the skins of Beasts and Sheep, Horns of Deer beaten to Powder, old Buff-Coats, soles of Shooes, Boots, Aprons of Leather, Belts for Swords, old Pockets, Leather Points, Parchment, Wood beaten in a Mortar, Plaister, Earth, Dung (which I have seen with my eyes) Carrion, and Bones that the Dogs had gnawn, and indeed all that came in their sight, though such food gave rather death than sustenance, or prolongation of life, from whence there passed not a day that there died not two or three hundred, or more persons, in such sort, that not only the Church-yards, but even the Houses, Streets, and out-parts of the Ci∣ty, were in a little time filled with dead bodies, without having other Sepulchres than the places where they fell, the living not having so much strength as to throw them into the Ditch, even many went to die in the Church yards.

During these Calamities and Miseries, some, who having reserved hidden Provision, sold them

1628. October. under-hand at an excessive price, to wit, the Peck of Corn (which is the eighth part of the Bushel of the City) for the sum of two hundred Livers, which is twelve pound ten shillings Starling; a Bisquet, which scarce weighed seven or eight ounces, for ten or twelve Crowns, which is forty five or fifty four shillings Starling; a Calf a thou∣sand Livers, which is seventy five pound Starling, with some reserve for the seller; a Sheep, from three to five hundred Livers, at eighteen pence Starling the Liver, and all the rest, after the same rate; and yet they thought themselves hap∣py, who by the Intercession of Friends, could get any thing at these Rates. In the mean time, it was a marvellous thing, that the necessities being such, and the Mortality so great, there was no Confederation or grumbling in the City, neither by the common people, nor others, to oblige the Mayor and his Council to Capitulate, but all suf∣fer themselves to be led to their deaths without complaints and murmuring, testifying their satis∣faction and contentment, which shews the great influence that Religion and Liberty have upon the spirits of men. As to those without, I mean the Kings Army, it was also marvellous, that having advice of the lamentable and frightful necessity, and the extreme feebleness that the place was re∣duced unto, they never attempted the Storming of it, when it was impossible for them within to have resisted, having no strength left them, not so much as to traverse their Cannon, or to Toll their Great Bell for the Sermon; and when they set their Guards, they found often half of them dead in the morning; and the like by their Cen∣tinels, in so much, that many Nights passed, with∣out

1628. October. having any persons in the greatest part of the Courts of Guard, so that the least attempt had carried the City; but God looked upon us in mercy, and prepared the King to exercise towards us the Wonders and Miracles of his Mercy and Clemency.

During the horrour of this Famine, as there was Examples of Cruelty, there was also many of great Charity, in a free and voluntary distri∣bution of their Over-plus, as others had done of their Plenty, for inriching of themselves; and e∣specially Sieur Thinault, a Merchant, and one of my Uncles, called Sieur Duprat, who having in their House a most great quantity of Wheat, and other Corn, sold not one grain, but distributed it to those whom they judged to be in want, for to repay them only when God should restore them to peace and ability.

Others there were who distributed Charity so in secret, as the Authors thereof were never dis∣covered; and amongst others, I had knowledge of one which seems to me most remarkable: Le Sieur de la Goute, a Honorary Advocate to the King, had a Sister, Widow to a Merchant called Prosni, who being a very religious and charitable Woman, when the Famine begun to be more sharp than ordinary, assisted freely the Poor; her Sister∣in-law, Wife to the Sieur de la Goute, being of a∣nother humour, reproved her for it, asking her in choler, what she would do when she had given all away; to which she answered, My Sister, the Lord will provide for me. The Famine increa∣sing, and the Siege continuing, this poor Wi∣dow, who had four Children, finding her self in a streight, having no Provisions at all left, went to

1628. October. her Sister for relief; but instead of comforting her, she reproached her, telling her, she had pro∣vided well to be so reduced with all her great Faith, and fair words, that the Lord will provide for me; and that in good time he would provide for her. This poor Womans Heart was wounded with these words, and returning to her House much troubled, resolved to take death patiently: Being come home, her Children met her with great joy, as formerly they used to do, but now told her, that a Man, whom they did not know, it being late, knocked at the door, and as soon as it was opened, threw in a Sack of Wheat of about a Bushel (which is near two English Bushels) and then went readily away, without saying any thing to them: This poor Woman, though hardly a∣ble to believe her own eyes, went presently out of doors, and with the greatest speed she could (in her famished condition) run to her Sister-in∣law, and told her with a strong voice, as soon as she saw her, My Sister, the Lord hath provided for me; and then returned, without discoursing fur∣ther with her. By the means of this unexpected relief, coming so opportunely, she spun out the time until the Kings entrance, and never knew to whom she was obliged for this good and merciful act.

The 21th ditto, betwixt seven and eight a Clock in the Evening, the Kings Naval Army sent four Fire-ships against the English Fleet, which obliged some Ships to cut their Cables, but others defend∣ed themselves, and turned them aside, by the help of their Dragontins and Shalloops.

The 23th ditto, with the morning-tide, the En∣glish Army set sail, coming to the Pallisade, and

1628. October. behind the Point of Coureille, but without making any attempt, contented themselves with making some unprofitable Cannon-shot.

The 25th in the night, the Mayors House was again set on fire with dry branches cut from Fir∣trees, well prepared with Sulphur, Pitch, Turpen∣tine, and other combustible things, but it was pre∣sently discovered, and as soon extinguished: And further, the same night, two hours before day, twenty or thirty Souldiers set fire on the Port of Coigne, but those that were on the Guard at the said Port, put it out immediately.

The 26th, there came by Land into Rochel a Gentleman from the English Army, who brought three Letters, one from the Duke of Soubize to the Dutchess of Rohan his Mother, the other two from Sieur Vincent; the one to the Mayor in par∣ticular, and the other to the Body of the City in general, by which they gave advice of all that pas∣sed in the said English Army; and above all, that my Lord Montague having communicated with Car∣dinal Richelieu for a Treaty of Peace, was gone Post for England, from whence they expected him every day; and intimated, that in the mean time they would procure a Pass-port for two of them∣selves (their Deputies) to go to the Kings Camp to communicate with them, and from thence to go to them in the City, to the end that at the arrival of the said Montague, all things might be disposed to a good Peace; and that the General charged them to give this advice, and that in the mean time he was resolved to attempt against the Digue, if the weather would serve▪

The same day this Gentleman was sent back to the English Army with Letters in Cyphers, which

1628. October. expressed the great and last extremity of the City, conjuring them, if they would relieve it, to do it within a Week at furthest, otherwise they should be forced to render to any conditions.

Immediatly after this Gent. was sent back with his dispatch to the English Army, the Mayor assembled the Council in the Town House, to consider of what was necessary to be done, and after mature consi∣deration of the matter contained in the abovesaid Letters, the report of the said Gentleman, the miserable condition to which they were reduced, the great and extreme necessities which pressed them, their great feebleness, such as they were not sufficient, nor capable to resist the least as∣sault their Enemies should make, and the little or no appearance of being relieved by the English, who had been there a Month with folded Arms, they concluded, that it was in vain to expect any longer relief from the English, or also from their Treaty, for that they should be all dead before their Negotiator would return; and therefore, upon the whole, they resolved to apply them∣selves to the King for his grace and mercy.

For that end, they took occasion from a Letter that the Sieur Arnault had writ that day to the Sieur Fequiere, by the Drummer who brought him his Victuals, which represented to them the strength of the Digue, and the little hopes they had of relief from the English, and that a good Peace would be better for them got, by sending to the King to receive them into his Grace. The said Sieur Fequiere having communicated his Let∣ter to the Mayor, they prayed him in his Answer to Sieur Arnault, to advise him to come the next morning to the City, and they would confer with him.

1628. October. The said Sieur Fequiere accepted most willingly this Commission, and presently writ accordingly.

Now I hold my self obliged in duty to impart unto the Publick a Narrative which came from Cardinal Richelieu's own particular Family, a lit∣tle after the rendition, which is believed to have been composed either by one of his Secretaries, or possibly by himself, which may very well serve to illustrate that which follows, touching the Con∣ditions granted the Rochellers, and shew the man∣ner and grounds upon which they were granted; the Tenour of which is as followeth.

Cardinal Richelieu understanding by Letters from Sieur Fequiere to Sieur Arnault his Brother∣in-law, that the Rochellers desired Pass-ports to seek his Majesties Grace (which he was pleased with) his first care was to give the King ready advice thereof, who received it with great joy, and immediately did the Cardinal the Ho∣nour to go to him to Sousay, where he assembled the Council, for to deliberate upon some Condi∣tions under which they would receive the City, notwithstanding their obstinacy in their Rebel∣lion.

All agreed, that they had merited a most ri∣gorous Chastisement, and that they ought to make them a Signal Example to all those of the King∣dom, which might for the time to come have a thought of opposing the will of the King, and ma∣king Revolts or Commotions in the Estate.

But when it came to be debated, though all a∣greed, that the King might in Justice take the se∣verest way, yet whether that would be most for his Grandeur and Glory, and most agreeable to the true Maxims of State, they were divided into

1628. October. three different Opinions; some for the ••igour of Justice, others that the King should take this oc∣casion to signalize his Clemency; and a t••••••d sort, were for a middle way betwixt both, that after the punishing some of the greatest M••t••••••ers, to shew Grace to the rest.

The Cardinal gathering the sense of one and the other, without giving his Opinion, represent∣ed all to the King, to the end that he should make a decision thereof; yet nevertheless tempered his discourse so, as his inclinations might thereby ap∣pear.

Beginning with those who were for making the City an Example of Justice, he said, their advice was very well fortified, and possible that none can be rendered more deserving punishment, consider∣ing her obstinacy, the trouble it hath a long time given his Majesty, and that the Ruines of no place which the King hath demolished to the Foundati∣ons, cry higher for teaching the people obedience to their Soveraigns that this; and that there is no Ramparts secure against Rebellion.

As to those which held the middle Opinion, he extolled their Reasons, and said, that in such Ren∣counters, the punishment of the most Culpable was an awe upon Mutineers, and the pardoning o∣thers shewed the bounty of the Prince, and hinder∣ed the obstinacy of a Community in like cases, as is ordinary with those that despair not of mercy, of which the Rochellers was even then an Exam∣ple.

But when he came to the advice of those that concluded for a General Pardon, he inlarged and insisted very much upon their Reasons: And first, he represented, as most considerable, that which

1628. October. they had supposed, that possibly there was never so Illustrious an occasion as this presented to any Prince, to signalize his Clemency, which is the vertue by which Kings approach nearest to God, whose Image they are most in well doing, giving life, and not in destroying and exterminating it: Further, that the more culpable that Rochel was, and had given the King cause of great irritation, the more it would make his Magnanimity appear, in after overcoming the City with his Invincible Arms, reducing it to a naked submission to him, to surmount himself in pardoning it; in doing of which, the Celebrated Name of this City would proclaim his Glory thoroughout the World, and transmit it to Posterity, shewing him thorough∣out as an incomparable Prince, be it in conquer∣ing, or in the moderate use of his Victories.

In the second place, he weighed the Reasons they had alledged, drawn from Rochel it self, who though it was culpable beyond what they could say, nevertheless the lives of so many thousands as their faults had cost, were sufficient Victims to the Justice of his Majesty, and interceded for the remainder of the miserable People which might be left, which may be judged of by those that are every day seen as Anatomies and Fan∣tasmes about the Line; and indeed, true Images of Death, the sight only whereof doth suffice to disarm his Majesty of all revenge, and though he had had a design to triumph over and consume them, to change all his Irritation and Thundering into pity.

He added, that it seemed good that they should also consider of what had been alledged, and that though their Crimes were most great, and without

1628. October. excuse, yet they had not committed that offence which ought to exclude the people from all hopes of mercy, as if they had shaken off the Authori∣ty of their Soveraign, and submitted to another Scepter: Indeed factious spirits made use of the danger of his Majesties forcing their Religion, to deceive them into the adhering to the Arms of England, for the preserving of their Priviledges; but his Majesty knows, that the Rochellers made use only of that pretence to the English, and that there were other reasons which carried them to the undertaking of this War, for that he was per∣fectly informed that the Rochellers never intended to give themselves up to them; which he knew as well by divers of his Servants which he had secret∣ly in the City, as from his Confidents which he maintained in England, who had constantly writ him, that though they had every way assaulted the Fidelity of their Deputies, and deferred relief, to oblige them to offer themselves to them, they would never hearken to it; and the perfect Con∣firmation of this they received by the Packet, which one of their Pinnaces, coming from Eng∣land, threw into the water, when at the passing of the Digue they thought they should be taken: Their Treaty made with the King of England, and all their Negotiations being deciphered, it ap∣peared, that though the English had highly Court∣ed them, for getting Conditions to the prejudice of this Crown, they would never be brought to it; and defended themselves therein, with all the constancy and firmness that their condition could bear: And therefore, though they are most Cul∣pable, yet since they have preserved their hearts and affections for France, it seems to invite his

1628. October. Majesty to mercy, and not to use them as such who would have shaken off the Yoke of the Mo∣narchy, and offered the hand to another Ma∣ster.

In the third place, he insisted much upon reason of State, upon which this advice was founded, and pressed the present Constitution of Affairs, to require that his Majesty by a Signal example of Clemency, and an exact Capitulation, mutually agreed upon, should endeavour to overcome the Arms of the Duke of Rohan, and other rebellious Cities, who had all their eyes upon Rochel, for ac∣cording to the usage that they shall meet with, they will conclude as to themselves: suppose then that his Majesty exercising rigour towards them, he makes the least paultry Town stand out a Siege, and obstinately resist unto the last, were it not bet∣ter to grant an absolute Pardon to this City, whereby he may dispose the rest to beg the Cle∣mency of his Majesty, who by this means will in a little time see all his Country in peace, and may then pursue his designs against the Spaniards Inva∣sion of his Allies.

He added that which themselves had also al∣ledged, that though in all appearance the Rochel∣lers were not able to do any more, yet neverthe∣less he was not to believe, that they had deferred treating until the last morsel; and that as they had been three Months deceived in their Opinion, that they still could not hold out any longer, it may be that those that have the major Vote, and who fear their Heads, may prevail for hindering the rendition, and hold out yet some time, and the least delay is of great consequence, the Af∣fairs of Italy being very pressing. Above

1628. October. all, it behoves us much to consider, that my Lord Montague, who was gone into England, was ex∣pected back every day with the allowance of his King for the rendition of the City; and it will be infinitely more for his Majesties glory, to re∣ceive his Subjects into Grace, upon their repen∣tance and voluntary submission to his Commands, than at the Intercession of a Stranger Prince; and therefore it imported them very much to prevent the said Montague, to the end, that at his arrival he might find his Majesty Triumphant in the place of his glorious Conquest; and that they might not be obliged in Contests, which otherwise they may have with him, touching the Conditions of this rendition, and to ingage in a further War with England, when their Affairs require the con∣trary, the making of Peace with them.

This was the substance of that which Cardinal Richelieu represented to his Majesty, who decla∣red, that having well weighed all circumstances, he would deceive those of Rochel, in giving them cause to bless his entry into the City, and com∣manded that they should have all the assurances possible given them for their Lives, Goods, and Religion; and that forgetting all their faults, they should be treated as his other Subjects, pro∣vided they remained faithful for the time to come; but that he intended to demolish all their Walls, for taking from them the means of rendering themselves at any other time miserable, and that they should not speak any more of their Privi∣ledges, which had hitherto inflamed them unto so high a degree.

This is the Contents of the above-mentioned Piece, which I esteem worthy to be inserted in this

1628. October. place, it serving to clear the Articles which were afterwards agreed to Rochel.

The 27th, the Mayor and Council being as∣sembled, those that had been sent to the Sieur Fe∣quiere reported, that he thought it necesiary for reaping the fruit of his Intercession, which they had desired that they should nominate some with whom he might communicate before the arrival of his Brother-in-law, who would not stay, as he hoped; which being approved of, they deputed to him the Sieurs Viette, Riffault, Mocquay, and Charles de la Coste.

The same day, about ten in the morning, Sieur Arnault presented himself with Pass-ports for the Deputies, if they would send any; and the four a∣bove-named, being chosen, went with him to the Cardinal Richelieu, who after hearing them, told them, that he had no Commission from the King to treat with his Subjects of the City of Rochel, but only to hear their Propositions and Demands: Nevertheless, that he would not cease to inter∣cede for them to his Majesty, to procure them their Lives, Religion, and Estates; but as to their Priviledges, and form of Government, his Majesty would reserve that in his own Power: not that he would put Souldiers into the City, nor make a Citadel, but rather demolish the fortifica∣tions, and that in a day or two at furthest they should return the same to him, or other Conditi∣ons to accept of; and besides, that he gave them this Answer by word of mouth, he gave it them also in writing, in a little Note.

Being come back, the Mayor and Council order∣ed that the Bell of the City-House should be tolled the next day, being October 28. at seven in the

1628. October. morning, to the end that they might resolve up∣on these offers; and being assembled in the Hall of the City, and having heard the report of the Deputies, according to the tenure of the said Note or Billet, they resolved to receive the best Conditions of Peace that they could get; and to that end was named the Sieurs d'Angoulin., and de la Goute, to agree with the above-said Deputies upon the Articles.

Having composed the Articles, and shewed them to the Council, the Deputies went from the City betwixt three and four in the Evening, and came to Sausay to wait upon Cardinal Riche∣lieu, who deferred them till the next morning, but in the interim caused them to be well treated, both as to Bed, and Board.

The next morning (being the 29th) they were called before him, finding him with my Lords the Keepers of the Seal, Marshal Schomberg, and o∣ther Lords of the Council, and presented to him their Propositions and Demands; upon which he told them, that the King was pleased, of pure grace, to grant them their Lives, Estates, and Li∣berty of Conscience; but as to that Head which imported the treating in general for all those of their Party, that it did not behove them to med∣dle with any thing but what concerned them∣selves only, according as the French in the English Army treated for themselves apart: and the better to perswade them to it, he shewed them the Deputies from the English Fleet, but without per∣mitting them to speak together. In the end, after many Contests, and above all, about liberty of the exercise of their Religion within the City, they agreed upon Articles of Peace, under the Condi∣tions as followeth.

1628. October. The Mayor, Sheriffs, Peers, Burgers, and Inhabi∣tants of the City of Rochel, represented by John Berne, Esq Sieur d'Angoulin, Esq and Sheriff, Peter Viette, Daniel de la Goute, James Riffault, Peers, Elie Mocquay, and Charles de la Coste Burgers; having the Commission of Deputies from the Body of the said City, acknowledging the great faults that they have committed, not only in resisting the just will and pleasure of the King, as they have a long time done, in not submitting to him, and opening of the Gates of Rochel, as they were obliged; but further, in ad∣hering to Strangers who have taken Arms against this State, do supplicate with all humility his Majesty to pardon them the Crimes which they have committed, in governing themselves in this manner, and to receive for satisfaction thereof the obedience which they desire at present to render to him, opening the Gates of the Ci∣ty, which they will actually deliver into his hands, to dispose thereof as it shall please him, and to prescribe to them such manner of living as he shall think most proper for the time to come, without other Conditions than such as it shall please his Majesty in bounty to give them, which they implore with humility, beseeching him to treat them as his Subjects, who will hereafter live and die in the most perfect obedience that hath ever been rendered to any Soveraign.

The King, having regard to the repentance of his Subjects, the Inhabitants of the City of Rochel, and to their Protestations, of living for the time to come, as they are obliged by their Birth; and that they will the thirtieth of October give Evidence thereof, by o∣pening the Gates of the said City of Rochel, and deli∣ver the City up to his Majesty, for him to dispose there∣of, as shall seem good unto him, hath commanded, and given in charge to the Sieurs Marillac, and du Ha∣lier,

1628. October. Marshals de Camp of his Armies, to promise them in his Name, as followeth.

First, The pardon of their Faults and Rebellions committed since the last Commotion, with all security for their Lives, and the exercise of the Reformed Reli∣gion in Rochel.

Secondly, That they shall be established in all their Estates, moveable and immoveable, of what nature so∣ever they be, notwithstanding all Condemnations, Gifts, and Confiscations which may have been made by reason of Rebellion, except the enjoying the Revenue of their Lands, their Moveables, Woods that have been cut, and Debts which have been actually and without fraud hither to received.

Thirdly, That all Souldiers, Subjects of the King, who are at this time in the City of Rochel, though not Burgers or Inhabitants of the said City, shall of grace enjoy what is above expressed; and the Heads, Cap∣tains, and Gentlemen, shall go out of the City with their Swords by their sides, and the Souldiers with white Staves in their hands, after the Names and Sirnames of every one, and their Oaths is taken never to bear Arms more against the service of his Majesty, upon pain of forfeiting the present Grace: And as to the Cap∣tains and Souldiers that are English, who are in the said City, they shall, if it please his Majesty, be con∣ducted by Sea into England, without any prejudice done to them.

Fourthly, The said Rochellers, as well Inhabitants as Souldiers, shall be discharged of all acts of Hostili∣ty in general whatever, Negotiations in strange Coun∣tries, and of all others, without being proceeded a∣gainst for any of them, except such as are excepted for their execrableness by the Edicts, and such as may concern the Person of the King.

1628. October. Fifthly, In like manner the said Rochellers shall remain discharged for casting of Cannon, minting of Money, seizing and taking of Money, as well belong∣ing to the King, as Ecclesiasticks, and others in the said City, together with Contributions ordained for the maintenance of Souldiers, decreed against the absent, and even constrained by the demolition of their houses, and of all other employments, in things abovesaid in the said City.

Sixthly, All the Inhabitants and Souldiers shall, in like manner, remain discharged of all Judgments, Sentences and Decrees, which possibly may have been given against them for their Rebellion, during these troubles.

Seventhly, That all Judgments, as well Civil as Criminal, given in the Councils held extraordinarily in the said City, the Judges and Commissaries who have assisted therein, shall not therefore be proceeded against, nor even for the particular profits received by Prizes, or Spoils; and above all, silence herein is imposed upon the Attorney General, and his Substitutes.

Eighthly, That the Judgments, Amercements, Con∣demnations, Suspensions, and Interdictions given by the Chief Judges, as well against the Mayors of the said City, as those that assisted them, shall remain null and void, as if they had never been; And also, in like manner, the proceedings made against any of the said Judges shall remain null and void, and none of those that have been imployed on either side shall be mo∣lested.

Ninthly, The Judgment for the death of Tourvert shall remain null, and those who are therewith charged by the said Judgment, shall not for that cause be trou∣bled.

Tenthly, That all the Contents abovesaid shall be

1628. October. ratified by the Mayor, Sheriffs, Peers, Burgers, and In∣habitants of the said City, and the said Ratification thereof shall be delivered this day by two a Clock after Dinner, in good and authentick form: After which, the King will be pleased to deliver to the said Deputies Pattents of Declaration, which shall approve and rati∣fie the abovesaid Articles.

Eleventhly, The said Ratification being delivered, the Gates of the City shall be opened, and put into the hands of such as it shall please his Majesty to appoint, to the end that after this he may make his entry in per∣son, when, and in such manner as shall please him; his Majesty promising in bounty to cause such ord••r ••t the entry and quartering of the Souldiers in the said City, that no Inhabitants, Women or Children, shall receive any prejudice either in person or goods.

Acted and Ordained in the Castle of Sausay, the twenty ninth of Octob. 1628.

Signed,

• Lowis de Mavillac,
• John Berne,
• Peter Viette,
• Riffault,
• de la Goute,
• de la Coste,
• and Mocquay.

At the same time the Deputies which were with the English Fleet, and sent by them, made their Treaty apart, after that for the City was conclu∣ded; and because that their management being secret, and their arrival in the Camp unexpected, many have had a desire to know the particular Transactions. I have taken care to inform my self thereof, and believe it my duty to impart it to the Publick, as a thing belonging to this Histo∣ry, which follows word for word, as it hath been communicated to me, extracted from the

1628. October. Journals of Sieur Vincent, whereof I have seen the Original.

The seventh of Octob. 1628. a Shalloop com∣ing from the Kings Army, and staying in the mid∣dle of the way, called la Pallice, with a white Flag, demanded to communicate with the Deputies of Rochel, and the French.

By the permission of the English General, the Sieur Forin, Deputy for the Duke of Rohan, with some others, and Mr. Montague (who was since made Abbot of Pontoise in France) went aboard the Shalloop, where they found the Sieur Treille∣bois, one of the Kings Captains, and one that made profession of the Reformed Religion, with the Sieur Lisle, Adjutant-Major in the same Ar∣my, who made Propositions to all the French in the English Army, to retire, and seek the Kings Grace and Pardon, assuring them, that he would receive them to mercy, and would like it, if they should intercede with him for the City of Rochel: upon which they broke, only Montague making himself known, desired the above-mentioned Treillebois to present his service to Cardinal Ri∣chelieu.

The thirteenth, there returned four English who had been taken Prisoners by the Kings Ships, and who applauded the good entertainment that had been given them; and said, that they had it in charge from Cardinal Richelieu to tell the Sieur Montague, that he took his Salutations in good part, and gave him assurance of all good enter∣tainment, in case he would confer with him; and from thence should hope for good success for the two Crowns.

The next day, being the 14th ditto, the Council

1628. October. was assembled, to which was called the Duke of Soubize, and the Deputies for Rochel: The Sieur Montague proposed it as necessary, to make a tho∣rough discovery of the Digue, taking occasion from the invitation that had been made him the day before to go into the Kings Camp, and carry∣ing with him an Engineer, he brought back from thence all new assurances.

The Deputies cryed out against that Propositi∣on, shewing, that nothing but mischief could from thence arrive them, since that so soon as the least noise should be spread in the Army of a Treaty, they ought not to hope any more that that courage which was already enough damped, would after∣wards resolve to fight: And as to the design of discovering the Digue, that those who should do it, were at least as crafty as those who will not shew themselves, except in places most perplexed; and that their report about the Digue would not serve for any thing save the breeding of a Con∣sternation, and dispondency in the Souldiers.

Notwithstanding this opposition, Montague was resolved to make the Voyage with a German En∣gineer; and presently parting, returned the same day, reporting, that Cardinal Richelieu had recei∣ved him well, and made Propositions concerning the general good of Christendom, upon which he had charged them to confer with the General.

The 15th ditto, Montague returned to the Kings Camp, which putting the Deputies into an Al∣larm, they went aboard the General, representing to him the evil consequences of such Communica∣tion; to which he answered, that there should be nothing done to their prejudice.

The 19th, Montague returned with his Engi∣neer,

1628. October. and reported, as was before prophesied, that the Digue was altogether inforceable, and that Cardinal Richelieu had made him Propositions, by the means of which Rochel might hope for a rea∣sonable treatment, and the two Crowns a good Peace betwixt them; upon which occasion it was necessary for him to go Post into England, to com∣municate to the King what he had in charge.

The Deputies hereupon said, that they saw now the effects of what they formerly foresaw, that Rochel was not in a condition to expect a Voyage from England, since they knew her fright∣ful necessity; and though they had formerly re∣ported that the Digue was inforceable, yet they ought to have essayed to force it; and above all, to have made shew of imploying one Ship, at least, as a Mine, who having double the powder of those that were imployed at the Pallisades at Antwerp, would make a passage sufficient, if the Digue were double the strength. In brief, they o∣mitted nothing of what they judged might be said for breaking this design.

It was notwithstanding resolved, that Montague should take Post, promising to return within fif∣teen days at the furthest, with promises neverthe∣less made by the General to the Deputies, that if the Wind did but serve, they should spare no At∣tempt.

The 21th, the General sent for Sieur Vincent, and told him, that God seemed to fight from Hea∣ven against the passionate desire he had to do some generous execution for the relief of Rochel; that since his arrival, there had slipped away 22 days, the Calms, or contrary Winds, having all that time prevented the attempting of the Digue;

1628. October. that the Principal of his Army seemed to have little affection for the Enterprize, having agreed in opinion, that it was not executable; that from the Head the Malady had infected the Body, in such sort, that he observed throughout in his Ar∣my, a great coldness; yet notwithstanding that, he had spared nothing, nor would, of that which depended on him, for coming to the end of his En∣terprise; but to provide against all Events, and supposing that the Season might continue unfa∣vourable, he judged it best to advise the Rochellers to commence a Treaty, that they may be dispo∣sed thereto against the arrival of Montague, when all things would be prepared for a good Accom∣modation, if there be not other means for re∣lieving it.

The Sieur Vincent communicated this with the Duke of Soubize, and the other Deputies, who jointly concluded, that it was absolutely necessary to acquaint those of Rochel herewith, and to re∣member them of the instance that the Sieur Treille∣bois had formerly made them, telling them, that they (their Deputies) were resolved to intercede with the King for his Grace, and endeavor to bring them (their Fellow-Citizens) to it, that they may owe it to his Bounty, rather than to the Intercession of Strangers, and believed that it would be grateful to have Communication thereof with him, and that it behoved them to seek the means. This they made known to the English General, of whom having had the approbation, they dispatched a Prisoner, called Farnon, belonging to the said Treillebois, to whom they writ this Letter.

1628. October.

The Letter writ by the Deputies in the English Army, to Sieur Treillebois, a Captain in the Kings Army.

SIR,

SInce your Conference with the Sieurs Forin and Montague, the last having been in his Majesties Camp, and had Conference with Cardinal Richelieu upon the means of an Accommodation betwixt the two Crowns, by which may be procured the good of the General Affairs of Christendom, and in particular the ease of our poor C••t••, the extreme desire that we have to contribute (to our utmost ability) to so good a work, causeth us who are here for Rochel, to become Suitors to the General of this Army, for his Approbation of our most humble supplication to his Majesty, to grant us a Pass-port from hence, to communicate with such as it shall pleas•• him to command, which we have obtained of the General; so that if his Majesty find himself in like manner disposed, and that it is agreeable to him, that to this end some of us come to his Camp, there is great reason to believe that good will come of it; there remains nothing, save that we find a way to make known our desire, and know his pleasure. Now we believe we should do you wrong (seeing that your af∣fection carried you to be before us, by your invitation to the same thing for which we now act) if we had employed the Intercession of anyother. We address our selves now to you, to the end that it may please you to manage this by such ways, as in your wisdom and pru∣dence you shall think best. We mention not the names of those we shall chuse for the Voyage, for it behoves us to leave them in blank: But upon our word you may give yours, that we acknowledge our selves de∣sirous

1628. October. of Peace, having hearts truly French. As to the form of the Pass-ports, it is superfluous to desire them, such as those as shall go under the Faith of them, may be in full assurance of having an entire li∣berty of going and coming. This, and all the rest which can concern this Affair, we refer to your great care, and expect your Answer by the Sieur Farnon, for whom we have procured liberty to bring us thither, af∣ter the delivery of this to you. We will not hold you longer, than to desire God that it would please him to calm these Storms which hath so long exercised France, our dear Country, and to establish there a firm Peace, by the means of which we may serve it, obey our King and Prince, and deceive the Enemies of the Crown in the hopes which they may have conceived. In our par∣ticular we are,

In the Road at the Head of the Bay, Octob. 22. 1628.

Monsieur,

Vos, &c.

The Prisoner was dispatched the two and twen∣tieth with this Letter: Captain Forant brought a Ship, about two hundred Tun, well equipped for War, who without resistance was suffered to take him aboard, where there commanded one Poy∣ane of the Religion, but long suspected; and where was also a Gentleman, called Beaurepair. Having presented these to the General, it was found fit to arrest Poyane; and as to the other, be∣ing acquainted, that from the beginning he had things of great consequence to impart, which re∣quired secresie, they heard him in particular.

He declared there, that being come from Spain, where he was Prisoner for his Religion, they had

1628. October. stipulated with him to be serviceable to the King, upon occasion, as his Majesty shall find fit to im∣ploy him; that having promised any thing to free himself from danger, and the misery he was un∣der, they had associated him with Poyane, to come into the English Army, under pretext of serving the Party; and that he had order with the first opportune occasion by night to intangle himself with the Generals Ship, or with that of the Duke of Soubize; and that saving themselves in a Shal∣loop, should set the Powder on fire; and to the end to gain the more credit, his order was to of∣fer his service even to carry Letters into Rochel, and to bring back Answers, in which they would facilitate to him the means of going and coming, without taking notice of him, until he had acted the design.

Having well deduced the whole by steps, in con∣clusion he said, that the other had the intention of those that sent him, and he his own; and that his chief Obligation being to his Conscience, and his Religion, he had been willing to declare from the first what they had stipulated with him, and the design of Poyane, to the end it might be prevent∣ed. And further, that if they judged it to pur∣pose to manage for their advantage what was de∣signed against them, he was ready (keeping the thing secret) to go into the Kings Camp, feigning always to be well intentioned, and to gain belief in what he pretended, he offered to carry their Letters to Rochel, and to bring other back, and to execute all faithfully, and acquaint those of Rochel with the truth, and what they should desire him to impart to them, and bring them back again the estate and condition of the City.

1628. October. Having heard his Propositions, though he seemed to the Deputies to speak with ingenuity, yet nevertheless they thought there was no reason to confide much in one that had dealt so double, and that it might be a triple Treason: But not∣withstanding, all things maturely considered, and reducing things to a point, they judged it conveni∣ent to serve themselves in all Adventures, mana∣ging things in such sort, that if he should cheat them, and follow the directions of those who first imployed him, their Deputies might make their advantage by it, which was to maintain a Commu∣nication betwixt them and the City, and prepare things for the Accommodation projected.

Having thus agreed among themselves, and having communicated it to the General, they gave him two Letters; one without Cyphers, which he might shew to the Lords the Ministers, being ac∣commodated to that which they desired they should know, and the other in a most difficult Cy∣pher, and such as never any of their intercepted Letters, whereof there was many, could be de∣ciphered; by which they expressed the true Foun∣dation of their Intentions, with charge to the Messenger not to shew them at Court, but deliver them only to the Mayor: And further, in the se∣cond Letter, the Duke of Soubize sent one to the Dutchess of Rohan, his Mother, of the same Te∣nure; all three, which were trusted with this Man, are as followeth.

1628. October.

The Letter not in Cyphers from Sieur Vincent, to the Messieurs of Rochel.

Gentlemen,

SInce the coming of Sieur la Land du Lac, whereof we have advertised you by the Signals agreed up∣on, we have not sent any to you, because that which Chardeuine delivered you, contained all that we had to tell you, since that the obstinate Calms and contrary Winds hath hindered us from attempting any thing; hut nevertheless they have not slackned their firm reso∣lution of relieving you, whatever it cost them: If it may be by a Treaty, rather than by the Effusion of Blood, you and we shall have cause to praise God. We hear there are some Reciprocal Inclinations for this, and the Conference between the Cardinal, and Monsieur Montague, and his Voyage with a Pass-port for Eng∣land, seems to promise the effect: For our part, we en∣deavour it here; we sought yesterday a way for ob∣taining, if it can be, a Pass-port, to the end that two of us might go to the Camp of his Majesty; which if it be granted, and that we discover that they will treat freely with us, we will endeavour to get leave to visit and confer with you, to inform you of all, to the end that you may thereupon take your Resolutions. In the mean time we will not dissemble the fears we have, that by Conferences they may lay snares to surprize you, and lull us asleep. Your diligence will in the first place remedy it; and on this side, you may relye upon our care, in as much as it is seconded by the good in∣tentions of the General. For the rest, we refer you to this Gentleman, conformable to that above-mention∣ed; and upon the assurance that he hath given us to be able to go and come, we hope he will report to us at

1628. October. large your condition. And now we pray God to conti∣nue to you the Miracle of your patience, until it shall please him to deliver you altogether. Gentlemen, your most humble and most obedient Servants, in behalf of all your Deputies to the King of Great Britain, in the absence of Sieurs Bragneau, Dehinse, and Go∣bert, who are in another Ship, to whom we cannot give advice of this occasion.

Ph. Vincent,

from aboard the Duke of Soubize, Octob. 13. 1628.

Since the writing of this, there hath been a Skirmish which you may have seen; it cost not the life of any of our men, but the liberty of ma∣ny Captains, for not having carried themselves, others being substituted in their places to do bet∣ter: Be not discouraged, but be assured, that if God please, they will labour with all affection and diligence to relieve you; and that the Errours passed are of Learning to them for the time to come.

The other Letter in Cypher, from Sieur Vincent to the Mayor in particular, was as followeth.

Monsieur,

BEsides the general Letter, I write this to you in particular, to which, though it is not signed by any but my self, you may please, nevertheless, to give an entire belief to it; because that what the Duke of Soubize writeth to the Dutchess of Rohan, his Mo∣ther, will confirm to you the Contents: The one, and the other, is to testifie to you our extreme fears from the Voyage of Sieur Montague to England, there be∣ing great appearance, that he hath agreed upon some things with the Cardinal to our prejudice, and that he is

1628. October. gone thither to get the King of Great Britains con∣sent thereunto. Besides this, we find our selves under another trouble which is greater, to wit, that we ob∣serve too visibly a great coldness in many, from a be∣lief which they would impress upon themselves, that it is impossible to force the Digue. Against these two E∣vils, which are extreme, we would with all our might provide some Remedies: And as to the first, the Duke of Soubize hath writ effectually to the said King, and I most particularly to Monsieur David; and that which gives us hope that they will not advance any thing against us on that side, is, that knowing the true generous Inclinations of that Prince, we cannot think that any thing is capable to turn him from that which he hath so often promised us, except that Mon∣tague officiously foretelling, that if we do not relieve you before his return, your extremities cannot wait for him; so that we must either save you speedily, or you will be for ever lost. Our greatest labour is to keep up the spirits of the people from fainting, among whom there are many, who for to palliate their Cowardice, al∣ledgeth the fear of want of Victuals, as also the Sick∣ness that is begun in several Ships. Contrary to this, we endeavour all we can to fortifie the General, who as to himself is most well disposed, and promiseth us al∣ways, that with the first favourable Wind he will do what is possible to finish the Enterprise. In like manner the Earl of Morton, who is Vice-Admiral, and the Principal Captains, promise us marvels, and there pas∣seth not an hour that we do not sollicit them, especially the Duke of Soubize applies himself therein with an extraordinary affection and assiduity; nevertheless, he and we fear, that those upon whom depends the next execution, will not second the good intentions of their Captains, but do as ill as they did in the second at∣tacque;

1628. October. and that whilst time slips away, it will cost us our ruine. And thus thinking it entirely necessary to have two Cords to our Ark, and seeing that Montague hath opened the way to a Treaty, it is adviseable to try what is to be done on that side; and therefore after having ingaged the General by a most solemn promise, that he will keep his word, for giving way to it, when God shall present the occasion, we dispatched yesterday a Prisoner to Monsieur Treillebois, (who had hereto∣fore invited us to seek the King, assuring us, that he would receive you into favour) to whom we have writ, that if he will procure for us a Pass port, two of us will go to the Camp to confer with such as his Majesty shall appoint, and contribute what in us lies for the gaining a good Accommodation. We expect an An∣swer to our Letter; and if this Pass-port be granted us, our design is to hear what will be proposed to us, and without rejecting or approving any thing, carry our selves so, that they may give us Pass-ports for to go and confer with you. This is the true condition of our Affairs, which I assure my self will cause great per∣plexity in you; but in my Opinion, all that you can do at present is, to write pressingly to the General, and re∣present the indignity it will be to him, if after you have so long languished, and seen the greatest part of your Fellow-Citizens die of famine, in the expectation of so often reiterated promises from his Majesty, which he was come to execute, he should either return without having imployed the Power that he was furnished with, for relieving you, or be a means of an Accommodati∣on, when they have put the Knife to your Throats. When you shall please to write us, I beseech you to ex∣press very particularly your state and condition, and above all, how long you can yet hold out, we assuring you, that we will manage it with all imaginable dis∣cretion,

1628. October. and omit nothing that is possible for conducting this affair to a happy end, notwithstanding the difficul∣ties that is found in it. The Lord bless all to us, the grief that I have for your miseries, will testifie for me the endeavours that I have made for preventing them, and if my life would serve to remedy them, I should most chearfully lay it down: I hope, nevertheless, that in the end the Divine Bounty will look upon us in pity, and that I shall have the comfort to return thanks with you, and to assure you of the affection that I have for you, who am,

From aboard the Duke of Soubize, Octob. 23. 1628.

Monsieur,

Your most humble, and most obedient Servant, Ph. Vincent.

The Letter in Cyphers, from the Duke of Soubize, to the Dutchess of Rohan, his Mother.

My Dear Mother,

THe Inclosed expresseth particularly our whole and true state and condition; it is addressed to you, to the end that having deciphered it, you may please to deliver it to the Mayor, and confer with him upon the Contents, and management of them, as much as the im∣portance of the thing requireth: Remain still, Madam, (if you please) assured, that we shall leave nothing un∣attempted, and that we hope, however it is at present with us, that the Lord will in his mercy save us: I believe you make no doubt of the extreme displeasure I am cast under by the difficulties we have here met with, from him who hath ingaged us in so prodigious negligence or lingering; but it behoves us to bend under that which

1628. October. God hath ordained, and to move him by our prayers, who I assure my self will hear them; and that he will yet in mercy give me the opportunity to imbrace you, as being,

My Dear Mother,

Your most humble and most obe∣dient Son, Soubize.

This Gentleman being dispatched with these Letters, and necessary Instructions, went to the Kings Camp, where they debated, whether he should go to Rochel or no; but in the end it was carried for going; and the 26th he went thither, where, according as he had promised, he deliver∣ed all the Letters which he was trusted with, and the 27th carried an Answer back to the English Army, where he remained till after the reduction of the City, and hath not since returned into France, at least that any knows of; from whence one may gather, that he had some doubt with him∣self, whether he had not served the Deputies more faithfully, than those to whom he was first in∣gaged.

What effects these Letters produced when de∣livered, belongs to the History of the carriage of the Citizens within the Town; whatever it was, the same day they were communicated with the Sieur de Fequiere (who they kept Prisoner) to manage the Treaty of Peace, which a little after was brought to perfection, and signed the 29th following.

The Deputies which were in the English Army seeing the weather favourable (after which they

1628. October. had so long groaned, was at last come) the Wind being fair, and that the English were contented to make shew of setting sail, and yet but at a distance to fire their Cannon, they were more and more confirmed in their thoughts, that it was high time to save the City, if by a Treaty they could do it; and besides the above-named, of whom they were in diffidence, dispatched two others to carry the same advice.

The 24th ditto they received Pass-ports, under the Faith of which Sieur Vincent and Bragneau went the next morning in a Shalloop to the half way, to de la Palice, to confer with the Sieurs Treillebois and Lisle, with whom they spoke in con∣formity to the Letter written at first, and promi∣sed, if it pleased his Majesty to give them Pass∣ports for Rochel, they would do what was possible for them to dispose their Fellow-Citizens to seek his Grace, rather than to come to extremity; and told them in their ear, that though the English would not consent unto a Treaty except by their Intercession, they should not be wanting by in∣ducements to perswade their Fellow-Citizens to have recourse rather to his Majesty directly, as judging it would be more agreeable to him, than by ingaging Strangers in it.

The Pass-ports from the Kings Camp being ar∣rived for two of their Deputies, the English Ge∣neral, and Duke of Soubize, judged it most con∣venient to commit that Imployment, the 26th ditto, to the Sieurs Vincent and Gobert, to whom the Ge∣neral gave this Pass-port:

WE have permitted to the Sieurs Vincent and Gobert, Deputies for Rochel, to go by

1628. October. Shalloop to confer with the French; and in case that they have brought them a Pass port, to transport them∣selves to the French Kings Camp.

From aboard our Ship the Admiral, Octob. 26. 1628.

LINDSEY.

By Vertue of this Pass-port, the above-named Vincent and Cobert went to confer with the same persons with whom they had already communica∣ted, who waited for them in the same place, and the same Evening conducted them aboard of Mon∣sieur de Valencey Admiral, who received them very kindly, and treated them very splendidly.

The 27th, being next day, early in the morning a Carro••s met them, and carried them to Sausay, accompanied by the abovesaid persons, who pre∣sented them at eight in the morning to Monsieur the Cardinal.

They told him at their Entry, that having the Honour to present themselves before him, it was not without confusion, to see those with whom they were Parties; nevertheless they were imbol∣dened in it, by their Consciences bearing them witness, that they had kept their hearts firm and true to France, though amongst Strangers; for e∣ven as the Fish keeps their sweetness in a salt Ele∣ment, upon which they swim, to give witness of themselves; in the like kind, as soon as they un∣derstood that there was an Overture to treat ami∣cably, they rather than by effusion of blood sought means to communicate with his Grandeur, and to offer themselves to his Majesty, to be im∣ployed to their Fellow-Citizens for bringing them to give him contentment, in acknowledging their Errours, supplicating him the Cardinal to procure

1628. October. them his Majesties Grace, as well as them who had the honour to speak to him, and believe that they walked herein with all candour and clear∣ness, and possibly not unprofitably for the service of his Majesty.

He answered, that what they said for them∣selves, did not surmount theirs or their Fellow-Citizens faults, which they confessed to be great; but the bounty of the King was yet greater for pardoning of them, to whom he would freely im∣ploy his Intercession, if on their part they would return to their duty; and thereupon he demand∣ed of them, what assurance they had of those of Rochel, which gave them hopes of being able to bring them to a submission.

They replied, that they had not yet communi∣cated with them thereupon, but if it would please his Majesty to suffer them to go to confer with them, they believed they should be able to lay be∣fore them such pertinent Reasons, as they durst confidently hope would bring them to the consi∣deration thereof.

The Cardinal desiring that they would give him some light, they told him, that not having a∣ny subtilty, but to proceed with all simplicity, they would speak to him with all freedom, and to him above all others, as to one not to be imposed upon, and on whom all our hope or fear depended; and would therefore tell him, that having fol∣lowed the Instructions of those that sent them, they had not been any way wanting in endeavour∣ing relief, in the greatest measure and readiness that was possible for them, but that in their Soli∣citations they had found it a misery to expect it from Strangers, who lay not to heart the interest

1628. October. of those that they ingage, except their own be e∣qually in it, and are seldom faithful to them; that having studied more than a year the intentions the English had for them, they were still as igno∣rant of it as the first day: It is true, they gave us abundance of good words, but as to effects, they had found them all such, as if their design was to lose Rochel; and in this an infinite of Circumstan∣ces concurred, that the reason of their ingaging in Arms, was for the gathering in their Harvest, having then put their Sickles into the Corn, and that which made the want of their Harvest the more bitter was, that the English had drawn from them great quantities of their Provisions when they were in Re, which seemed a second means to come infallibly to their end; that having so often promised to send them Corn, in way of returns they would never do it, although their Deputies sollicited them Evening and Morning for it, and that it was most easie for them to have done it; that having sent a Relief in the Month of May last, it came to no other end than to make a shew, returning without making the least attempt, and without even suffering the French, which they had in their Ships, to do it, who offered to run the Ad∣venture, and give Hostages as caution for payment for their Ships. Indeed, they had at last prepa∣red a brave Army, and brought it within their sight, but was so late in it, as they seemed to de∣sign that Rochel, whose necessities they knew should render before they could be there, and since their arrival, it seems, that they came thither but for their own affairs with the King, and capitulating the reduction of the Town. Indeed they had pu∣issant means, and particularly three Ships to Mine,

1628. October. which they protested they would imploy, and pro∣mised better success, than at the Stuccade or Palli∣sade at Antwerp; but all was but words without effect, and our Deputies seeing the going and coming of Montague to treat, knew from the English themselves, that they had sent him into England to have that Kings allowance; and consi∣dering all these circumstances, they concluded, that since they spoke of a Treaty, it would be much more agreeable to the King, as also to their Fellow-Citizens, to receive Grace from his own hand, than from that of a Stranger Prince, who had been so ill a Garrantee to them of the last Peace: And that upon these considerations, they had sought by those ways known to the Cardinal, the means of speaking to him for obtaining of his Majesty by his favour the liberty of waiting upon him, and open to him all their hearts, and to endeavour also (as they hoped) to impress up∣on him their resolutions of leaving all thoughts of the English, and instead of letting themselves die upon the expectation of their promises, they would return to their duty, in seeking the Grace of the King, where they should find that, which the relief of the others put them in danger of losing, adding, that God seemed to fight for him from Heaven, having given him all weathers to his own desire, both in building of the Digue, and hindering what the English could do there.

The Cardinal being profoundly attentive to all this discourse, commended the good intentions which they gave testimony of, and said, that they took the right way, in having recourse directly to the grace of his Majesty, which will be better and more surely granted them, than if a Forreign

1628. October. Prince should be interested in it: but he further demanded, what caution they could give for their serving his Majesty, as they promised.

They answered, that they would give two good Assurances; one, that the Interest of those for whom they acted required it; the other, that be∣ing two Deputies, one should remain (if it pleased the King) as caution with his Head, for the fide∣lity of his Companion, excepting only the suc∣cess.

The Cardinal said, that he hoped that his Ma∣jesty would trust them, and approve of the Pro∣ject designed by them to this end; and to give them light in what they were to treat of, he told them his intentions touching them, that he would not conceal from them, that the Affairs of Italy pressed his Majesty, and to such a point, that days to him were years; and that he would buy them at a dear rate; that those of Rochel had given him to understand, that they had yet enough for three full Months: If so, he would give them a blank Paper to write their own Conditions; but if they were not able to hold out longer, it was not rea∣sonable that obdurate obstinacy should have such Conditions as a free and voluntary submission; and propounded in the first place, that his Maje∣sty should send Commissioners into the City, with whom their Deputies should be joyned, to exa∣mine their Provisions, and to make a faithful re∣port thereof, reiterating, that if they had to hold out three Months, they should grant them such Capitulations as themselves should desire; but if extreme necessity forced them to render, it was but just to do it upon discretion.

In reply to this, they supplicated him not to

1628. October. render them Messengers to their Fellow-Citizens of such bad news, and said, that the Expedient in searching what Victuals was remaining was im∣practicable, as to a true discovery thereby, be∣cause in times of necessity particular persons hide and lock them up, as the treasure of their lives, so that there may be for three Months, and be∣yond, and yet impossible to make it appear; as upon the review in the Month of May, there was not found more than for one Month, notwith∣standing that it is now near six Months since: Be∣sides that, a reckoning ought to be made of all that the Sea brings, of Fish and Cockles, of all the Herbs that the ground produceth, of all the Skins, Soles, Parchments, and generally of all that hath any juice or moisture, from which by the in∣genious preparations of men Hunger can receive any nourishment: And though all this is not suf∣ficient to maintain the whole number for three Months, yet reserving the Victuals for those that shall be capable to resist, leaving others as a prey to Famine, it may be able to pass beyond even that term: they told him, they knew there would never want persons, who to render themselves ac∣ceptable, would perpetually bring news, that they are ready to render from day to day, and that they knew such news had been entertained this four Months, by which the vanity of it had appeared; but the uncertainty herein may much better be judged of by their being yet as hardened as ever, and it could not rationally be thought, that they could be so imprudent, as having no Victuals, to suffer themselves to be reduced to the last point, before making Conditions, or thinking of Capi∣tulating: And all this considered, he said, as their

1628. October. Deputy, he most humbly supplicated, that they might be made the Messengers of his Majesties Grace, to the end that they may be the better a∣ble to value it for his service, and to consider it for the good of those for whom they have to do, seeing by experience, that when they cannot live, they know how to die: Upon which Sieur Vincent, who spake, could not contain himself from weep∣ing.

The Cardinal made hereunto answer, that the representation merited consideration, and that he would the same day go to his Majesty, and hoped to procure his approbation for their going to their Fellow-Citizens, according as they had pro∣pounded.

The Deputies returning him thanks, added, that they hoped that his Majesty would consider, that though the Crimes of their Fellow-Citizens were most great, and that they would not pretend to excuse them no more than themselves; neverthe∣less, the Flower de Luces, which have always re∣mained entire upon their Gates and Walls, were yet more in their hearts, and that they had always conserved them there; and that because they shewed themselves deaf to divers Propositions, by which the English would have detached their Fidelity from this Crown, they had so long re∣tarded their succours, and suffered them to lan∣guish. He answered with a benign Countenance, and that which evidenced his Approbation of what they said: We know, said the Cardinal, that what you say is true, and it is the only door left you to enter by into the favour of the King your So∣veraign.

Parting thus from him, they hoped that a per∣mission

1628. October. for going into the City would have been given them; but the same day in the Afternoon ••hey were surprised with the news brought them, ••hat there was arrived at Sausay (the same place where they were) Deputies from Rochel, to treat of Conditions for surrendry of the City.

This made them, the Deputies from the English Army presume, that the City having received their Letters of the twenty third, they agreed with them, that it was to no purpose to expect any thing from the English by force of Arms, and for what was of Treaty, that they had the same con∣sideration as they had had; that it would be of more advantage and security to them, to seek by themselves the favour of his Majesty, than by the Intercession of any so little agreeable, as one might judge that of the English would be; and appro∣ving altogether their Counsels, they regretted on∣ly, that having writ them, that they would endea∣vour a Pass-port for going to them, they had not expected the effect, for that it had been better that they should have sought it for them, rather than themselves, which administred jealousie of a great extremity.

As these Deputies reasoned thus one with ano∣ther, the other Deputies from the City were with the Cardinal, and other Ministers of State, treat∣ing for Conditions; who to obtain the better, en∣deavoured to give jealousie of the English suc∣cours; upon which it was told them, that they a∣bused themselves in relying upon them, and that the English having lost all hopes of doing any thing for their relief, had sent their own Depu∣ties to manage a particular Treaty for them, with∣out speaking of Rochel: And when they made dif∣ficulty

1628. October. of believing that the Deputies from the English Army were there, they were sent for, and shewed to them in the Council-Chamber, where they saluted and imbraced one another, but with∣out being permitted to confer together; only the Cardinal told the new Deputies, that he could not but observe how greatly their City was obliged to their old Deputies, their Fellow-Citizens (which he had shewed to them) for their abundant affe∣ction, for that in treating for them, they could not come upon their Condition without tears, in∣terceding for them with excessive earnestness; and after this he obliged them to withdraw.

When they were a-part they all agreed that the Cardinal had dealt with them with more Art than was common, in making them, the several Deputies from the City and English Army, to see one another without suffering them to speak toge∣ther, that so he might make use of their several Discourses to each Party, as might best serve his turn. But however, finding that their last Letters to the City had been delivered, by which they had acquainted them how they had managed a Pass∣port for going to them, they concluded that the Council of the City could not be wanting in ad∣vertising their Deputies sent to Court with the Ef∣fects of their Letters, that they might thereby ap∣prehend the cause of their coming thither: Besides, there were some of their Company, who, upon all occasions, came to see them, and particularly they found means to speak with Sieur de Lisle, who without making shew of it, had always had his Eye upon them, and coming to them, told them, That the City-Deputies were advised that they were there upon their Accounts, to endeavour

1628. October. the Conclusion of a Treaty for the City, and that by the inducement of the English themselves, who though they were frequent in continual promises for attempting what was possible for their relief; they nevertheless saw no reason to expect much from them, nor upon that account to interrupt the Treaty; only it behoved them to manage it with setting as good a Face on the matter as they could for obtaining the better Conditions.

These Deputies from the City, being returned thither the same day, went again the next day and concluded the Rendition under the Articles which they esteemed good, or to express it better, such as they could obtain without, that the other come from the English Army having any part in them, or that it was then possible for them to know the truth of what they were agreed upon.

The Deputies from the English Army knowing in general that the Treaty was concluded without making any mention of them, because the King would not suffer it, they supplicated the Cardinal to procure them also the Grace of his Majesty; and to the French in the English Army, and in ge∣neral to all those which the Commotions had for∣ced either into England, or other Countries, which he promised them; and having ordered them to treat thereof with Monsieur Chateauneuf, in the end they obtained the Declaration of 29. Octob. importing, That the King pardoned them for all things passed, permitting them to come again in∣to their Havens, even with the Prizes that they had taken; for that they should enjoy the same Grace as his other Subjects, with free exercise of their Religion, giving them all their Goods, ex∣cept the Fruits received, and Debts confiscated

1628. October. and actually payed, allowing three months to those of Re and Rochel who were in England for return∣ing to enjoy the same Grace.

The Keys of the City being brought to the King the 29. and his Troops entering the 30. it was a∣greed among the said Deputies, That the Sieur Gobert should go to the City, and Sieur Vincent to the English, to whom having carried this ill news, the General expressed his great dislike of it, and the more because Montague, having used the diligence he promised, was returned, and had brought all necessary Orders for the Treaty, to which the English had very willingly consented, but were desirous to have had all to pass thorough their hands.

Montague upon the whole was very angry that his runnings had been unprofitable, and fell upon Sieur Vincent in full Council for rendering of the City, blaming their impatience, and accusing them of having ill requited the King of England's good will towards them.

The Sieur Vincent answered him, That he would force a man wounded with grief to tear it from his Bosom; and told him, That as to his poor Country, in behalf of which he durst so unjust∣ly accuse him, it was he, and such as he, that by their secret Conspiracies had reduced it to the mi∣serable condition wherein it now was: That he did not speak of his serene Majesty of England, whose Intentions he knew had always been for saving of this poor City; nor did he intend the present General, of whose sincerity and good∣will he desired to be very cautious; but as to Montague, and others of his Faction, who under∣hand had been nourished by him, they had always

1628. October. crossed the best and most generous designs, and that by their delayes from day to day in England they hindered the Succours from parting in time, and have continued the same Practises since the de∣parture and arrival of the Fleet, by spreading discouraging reports of the Digue, which had abated the courage of the men, and have since obstinately hindered in Council the employing of the Vessels which were for the Mine, and which was the only means of opening the Digue: That he in particular had lost them all by his obstinate Communication with the other Party, though they spared not to remonstrate the consequence thereof, and that after the Army appeared to treat there was no more hopes left for them, each de∣siring rather to have the Quarrel decided by Com∣position, without danger to him, than by fight∣ing, where he might be slain. That having then these just reproaches against him, it ill became him to complain of those that he had ruined, and was the cause of all whereof he accuseth them. It was notorious to all that the City had given proof of a miraculous and not to be parallel'd Constancy, and were left by them to dye by thou∣sands; for expecting the performance of the word of their King, their Master, and the relief that he had promised them; that the Succours arriving after so long expectation they saw them remain a whole Month making such feeble Attaques as seemed to be in jest, leaving Famine to finish her last spoiles, adventuring the City to be taken away by their first Attaque, as considering their feebleness and small number it had indubitable been, had the Enemy made the least Attempt; That if in the end they did capitulate they knew

1628. October. it to be after they saw their last Morsel, and af∣ter they knew that Montague had designed their reduction, and was gone to consert it in England, from whence it was to be doubted whether he could return so soon as he promised. Hereupon they resolved (since it behoved them to render, and not to act any longer as they had done) to ac∣cept a Capitulation, which at least would conserve their lives. Sieur Vincent called Heaven and Earth, and all honest men that were present, to witness if it were not unjust and inhumane to lay the blame of this occasion upon them, thereby to ravish them of the sole Consolation left them in their misery, and so to leave nothing und one that might aggravate their sufferings, instead of en∣deavouring to defend them who have witnessed a Constancy, which Posterity will think a Prodigy, or hardly believe it.

The General, who carried fair to Sieur Vincent, acknowledged the truth of that which he said; and, seeing him transported with grief, stayed the Discourse, and restrained Montague, who, in great passion, demanded reparation for this dis∣course, and so left the Company.

This passing, the 31. Octob. the Sieur Vincent, conferring the same day with the Duke of Soubize, and the other Rochel-Deputies who remained there, touching the French in the English Army, and what course they should take: They agreed that it was best to assemble them, and communicate the sti∣pulations for them, to the end that those that would might lay hold of the Grace which was obtained for them; and acquainted the General with it, who approved of it, declaring that hav∣ing no Commands from his Majesty but for their

1628. October. good and ease, if they esteemed it best for them to return home, he would not hinder it; and ac∣cordingly being aboard, Captain Bragneau, Sieur Vincent, made known to them what had passed, causing the Kings Declaration to be read to them, which they had obtained in their favour, adding what he had understood from the General, as to that which concerned them, to the end they might participate with them.

This was the cause of a long Contestation a∣mong them, some inclining to return, and others said, they could not trust to the promises that had been made.

Sieur Vincent's advice being thereupon desired, he represented to them, that considering the diffe∣rent Sentiments which he found them in, he could not judge it in his power to satisfie all: That it was true, that those who shewed diffidence, wanted not apparent reason for it; but in his opinion there was more than enough to assure him, that the Treaty had been made by the Intercession of the Cardinal, who was very jealous of his word, that fear of it ought to proceed from some great pro∣fit which would redound from the breach of it, as there can be none at all for Rochel, with its Pri∣viledges, being now given up as the price of our Lives, Estates, and Liberty; those remaining in the Ruines are not other ways considered, than as other private persons of the Religion in the Vil∣lages of Bries; that an evil Treatment is not to be feared, but with reason to expect favour, seeing Montauban and the other Cities hold out; yet so, that the usage of Rochel will be a President of hope or fear to them. As to himself, they knew that he would be well received if he returned into Eng∣land,

1628. October. and would find advantageous means of sub∣sisting there; but he believed it to be his duty, in Charity to his Fellow-Citizens, to submit to the same Conditions with them; and that with more reason they, to whom he spoke, ought to do the same, who returning into a strange Country, would be reduced to Alms, and lose their Estates on this side; but concluded that each was to do as he should think best, but it seemed to him, that those that should return for England, would fol∣low ill counsel.

The greatest part yielding to these Reasons, re∣solved to take the benefit of the Declaration; but the next morning, the first of November, there were some that changed their minds: That which pas∣sed aboard Captain Bragneau, being come to the knowledge of the English, some represented to the General, that if they parted with the French, they should be▪ so weakned, as not to be able to execute the Enterprises they designed, amongst which there was one upon Brouage not to be acted until their return, when they shall have need of their Con∣duct all along the Coast, even unto the Channel, or Narrow Seas, because they had more know∣ledge therein than they had: Above all, that it would concern the Honour of their King, that be∣ing under his Banner, they should make a Treaty without him, nor ought they to ratifie it, but leave the thing entire to his Majesty.

The Council being assembled, it was hereupon resolved to carry all the French, and even the Sieur Vincent, to give an account to the King of what he had done in the Treaty.

The General having sent for him aboard, ac∣quainted him with it; to which he answered, that

1628. October. if they detained them, they should protest against the Violence; and that besides their general com∣plaint for not relieving them, but suffering their City to perish, they had done them this particu∣lar injustice, to expose their Estates as a Prey to those who henceforward would have them in their disposition: That the City of which they were, and for which they had acted, not being any more but lost, thorough want of being relieved in time by his Majesty, the Treaty made with him had no more place; and that without doubt it would be to him more agreeable that they retired without noise, than to see before his eyes the sad Objects which would reproach him with the ruines of their poor Country, by being ingaged with him in Arms. As to him in particular, if he had no regard but to himself, he knew he should have the Kings sa∣vour, and that which would be much better for him, than what he could hope for from a deso∣late City, where he foresaw he should suffer great∣ly, and see Spies upon him in his future imploy∣ment, and upon the least suspition, in danger of his life; but he prayed him to consider the Cords that obliged him to his Fellow-Citizens, who ha∣ving cherished him in their prosperity, he should be unworthy and treacherous if he forsook them in their adversity: Above all, that being one of their Pastors, he should never forget, and especi∣ally not in this great Shock, to do all that he could (according to the ability God had given him) for to help to sustain and comfort them under their misfortunes. In the end, those that had given the advice to carry him back, found it not (as is pro∣bable) for their Interest to do it, because if once he should have had the Honour to speak to the

1628. October. King, he might happily have informed divers par∣ticulars which would not have been to their ad∣vantage.

The General heard this discourse with attenti∣on, and having communicated it with the Duke of Soubize, and Monsieur de Laval, retracted the first advice of carrying back all the Vessels, and re∣strained it to some particulars, and among others, to that of Captain Bragneau; and then gave a Shalloop to Sieur Vincent, of whom the General and Chief Officers took an amicable leave; and so he was brought the second of November to the Chain cross the Digue: some also of the French Vessels put here and there into Havens, whilst the rest were obliged to follow the English, who set sail on Saturday the fourth in the Evening. And now upon the whole, thus hath been the Com∣mencement, thus the Progress, thus the unfruitful issue of the Deputation of Sieur Vincent, and the others; and thus also the management of the Treaty of Peace.

Having transcribed this, as aforesaid, out of the Journal of Sieur Vincent, I thought it my duty to insert it here.

To continue this History; after the Articles for the rendition of the City was signed by both Par∣ties, the Deputies returned into the Town to have them approved of; and to that end the Council was assembled in the Common Hall, where was called first the Nobless, the Heads of the Soul∣diers, the Burgers and Inhabitants, and there the Deputies gave an account of all their manage∣ment, and told them, that all which they could obtain was contained in the Articles, which they caused to be read to them; that truly they had

1628. October. done what was possible for comprehending the Dutchess of Rohan within the Treaty, but that the Ministers would not upon any terms hearken to that, telling them, that without their concerning themselves in it, his Majesty would do therein what was convenient, he acknowledging her to have the Honour to be his Kinswoman, that they had insisted unto the last for comprehending the Sieur Grossetiere, but that they also rejected it, and declared out-right, that if they would stick upon that Article, they might return; and that his Majesty, who shewed them grace, would advise upon what he further should agree to; that they had essayed the same for the Deputies in England, and the French which were in the English Ships, but they did also silence them upon that point, and said, that his Majesty would not be pleased, that after their faults confessed, and in the condition they now were reduced to, they should make any Demand beyond what he had of his own free Grace granted them; that having been forced to receive the conditions as they were brought, there was one of them conceived to be already wholly broke, in that the exercise of Religion granted, was without specifying it to be meant in the Ci∣ty; upon which having desired an Explanation, they refused to give it, but declaring resolutely and plainly, that they could not conclude any thing, nor return into the City without that Ar∣ticle; and remaining firm for it, they in the end obtained it.

After this, they approved with one Voice all their Negotiation, only some objected, that the Preamble to the Articles seemed rude; and a∣bove all, in the word Crime, which was there in∣serted;

1628. October. but others replied, that it was not for them to cavil at words, and that in truth all resi∣stance of a Soveraign by Arms in his own Coun∣try, passeth for a Crime: And further, that to weigh impartially the terms of the Preface, they seem to import something of softness, in that there are divers degrees of Crimes, and that his Majesty doth not attribute to them the greatest Crime, but restrains it, as in calling it only, A Fault in having resisted his Will, in not opening their Gates, and in having adhered to Strangers: Whereas to resist, is less than to have been charged with complotting for the withdrawing from under the obedience of the Crown, as some passionate per¦sons would have accused them of: And likewise to charge them with adhering to Strangers, was less than to have charged them with having invi∣ted, or sought to give themselves voluntarily up to them, of which their Calumniators would have defamed them: So that his Majesty in his Expres∣sions had washed them from those spots, as wil∣ling to give them cause to relye upon him, who considered them as his Subjects, because though they had sailed, they had nevertheless been right at bottom, and kept their hearts for him, and ac∣cordingly he had treated them; that to render themselves worthy, they ought to accept of his Grace, without bartring for more than it pleaseth him to offer them.

After the mature consideration of this wise advice, every one unanimously ratified the Arti∣cles as the Deputies had brought them, and joyn∣ed to the present Deputies, the Sieurs Andrew Trouppet, Prou, Beaupreau, Huet, Godfrey, and Pre∣vast, Junior, to go altogether to carry the Ratifi∣cation

1628. October. to the King, who they found at la Leu, be∣twixt two and three in the Afternoon, and kneel∣ing down before him, Sieur de la Goute, in the Name of the City and Deputies, spoke as fol∣loweth.

SIR,

THose who have a long time been shut up in dark Prisons, when they come abroad, cannot without being dazled behold the light of the Sun; so also we having been a long time shut up within the inclosure of our Walls, coming now to appear before your Majesty, we cannot support the splendour of it without obscurity, and some horrour of our faults passed, which aug∣menteth our confusion; but nevertheless, the Bounty of your Majesty, of which we have so often had the experience, and have now fresh resentments, give us the boldness to prostrate our selves at your feet to ob∣tain pardon, though our frequent relapses into the same Crimes can give us no hopes, other than by the sole consideration of our present resentment, and our extreme passion, for giving testimony to your Majesty, that you shall not have henceforward any Subjects more faithful and obedient than we. This Protesta∣tion that we now make you is from your City of Ro∣chel, in which King Henry the Great, your Father, (the honour of whose amity and kindness we can ne∣ver loose the memory) did always find a great affection to his service, they having had the honour to serve him at other times in his Retreats and Residence. The City protesteth to your Majesty all Fidelity and Obedience, the execution whereof taking away the remembrance of our Rebellions, they hope your Bounty, after you have given them your pardon, will in grace and favour

1628. October. lose the memory thereof, since we are resolved to live and die henceforward in the obedience that we ac∣knowledge to owe you, and do vow to your Majesty there shall not be hereafter any Subjects and Servants more faithful and affectionate to your service, than those of the City of Rochel.

The King made answer in these words,

I pray God that what you say be from your hearts, and not from the necessity you are reduced unto: I am not ig∣norant that you have been always very malicious and mutinous, and have deserved a severe Chastisement, but I will return good for evil. I pardon you your Rebellions; be for the time to come good and faithful Subjects to me, and I will be to you a good Prince; and if your actions be conformable to the Protestations you make me, I will keep my Promise with you.

They excused to him the Mayors not coming with them, to render to him in Person his most humble submission and homage, saying, that ac∣cording to Custom he was to remain in the City, to receive his Majesty there, and either cause a piece of the Wall to be beaten down, or take down one of the Gates, according as it should please his Majesty to order his Entry: All which being plea∣sing to the King, he sent them back well con∣tent.

Being returned into the City, the same Evening they delivered the Articles, sealed with the Great Seal, to the Mayor and Council, and told them, that the King had assured them, that all that he had granted them should be effectually kept, and that the would not do wrong to any person, nor s••ffer the H••nour of Women or Maids to be vio∣lated;

1628. October. and that he would cause to be observed so good order among the Souldiers, that they should be therewith content: And further commanded, that they should assemble in the morning the No∣bless, Captains, Officers and Souldiers, as well French as English, to be ready at eight in the morning to go out of the City, according to the Capitulations, because at nine a Clock the Regi∣ment of Guards, and that of Swisses should enter; and said further, that he understood that every one of the City was to carry their Arms into the Town-Hall.

The thirtieth, in the morning, all was without delay executed, but it was a great astonishment to the Kings Troops, to see the remainder of twelve Companies of French Souldiers, which they rai∣sed in the beginning of the Siege, reduced to six∣ty; and betwixt four and five hundred, which the Duke of Buckingham left, reduced to sixty two men; the first took part where they pleased, with∣out being blamed, and the others were conducted to the English Army.

The same day, about nine in the morning, the Duke of Angoulesme, the Marshal Schomberg, and the Sieur Marillac entred, with a moyety of the Regiment of Guards, and that of Swisses, by the Gate de Coigne, of which they took possession, as also of all the other Ports, places of Arms, Tow∣ers, Ramparts, Cannons, Magazins, and Muni∣tion, placing Guards and Centinels in all the Cor∣ners and principal Streets; and at the same time (as had been done in the Camp) made Proclama∣tion thoroughout the City, by the King, and the Duke of Espernon, Colonel of the French Infan∣try,

1628. October. prohibiting all Souldiers for quitting their Ranks, Posts, and Courts of Guard, to go into any House, or touch the Honour of any Woman or Maid, upon pain of being hanged and strang∣led: They possessed themselves also of the Fort Tadon, into which was put two Regiments to guard it.

The same day, all the Quarters being marked in the City, Cardinal Richelieu, accompanied with many Lords, and Nobless, made his Entry about two a Clock after Dinner, and having caused a quantity of Victuals and Ammunition-Bread to be brought, he distributed them gratis, and published thorough the Streets, by sound of Drum, that eve∣ry one that was in want should fetch them, for he had so much pity and compassion towards the Soul∣diers, in seeing the Inhabitants Anatomies, and half dead, that in passing thorough the Streets they cast into their Arms Ammunition-Bread, whose Throats they would the day before have cut: indeed there was so good order established, that there was no abuse committed, or offence gi∣ven to any person.

At the Cardinals entrance the Mayor would have saluted him, but he would not permit it, and commanded to have those discharged who march∣ed before him with Halberts, and to lay down the Function of Mayor.

The 31th, the Cardinal commanded from the Camp some Pioners to inter the Dead which were in Houses, and other places of the City.

1628. Novemb.

NOVEMBER.

The first of November, betwixt two and three a Clock after Dinner, the King made his Entry by the Port de Coigne, mounted upon a brave Horse, accompanied by the Cardinal, and many Lords and Nobless, with the Gens d' Arms, and Musquetee••s of his Guard, and the remaining Companies of the Regiment of Guards, and that of Switz; and without the Gate there was fifty or sixty of the principal of the City, who observing the directi∣ons of the Marshal Schomberg, fell on their knees as he passed, crying, Vive le Roy & Misericord▪ the people doing the same in the City, whilst all the Guns from the Forts and Ships, as also from the City, made themselves to be heard. The Kings descent was at S. Margarets Church, where after hearing Vespers, and the Sermon of Father Souffran, he retired in the Evening to la Leu, but returning the next morning, laid in the City.

It was observed, that the King at his Entry see∣ing the poor Inhabitants as Anatomies, who with pain and trouble, for want of strength, had done him honour, he had compassion for them, even to the shedding of tears.

The third of November, profession was made in Rochel, the King with all the Court assisting, the Windows being full of people, and above all of Rochellers desirous to see his Majesty, of whose Entry being very jealous, they found him contrary to what they feared, and considered him as a good Angel come to deliver them from the deep Abyss of their misery, and from the Jaws of Death.

The King after his entry into the City, com∣manded

1628. Novemb. the last Mayor, the Sieurs Salbert and Poli∣nier, Ministers, and about ten others, as well of the Corps of the City, as Burgers, to leave the City, and to absent for six Months; which was done by a meer Verbal Command.

The fourth and fifth, they ranged in the Castle∣yard all the Cannon of the City, as also of the Forts and Digue, and Quarters of the Camp, in order to the conveying them from thence to Brouage, and other places, as was done some days after.

The same day, about four in the Evening, the English Fleet, after having been a Month and six days in the Road, and seen from thence the re∣duction of Rochel to the obedience of the King, set sail to carry the news of it for England, and carried with them a great Party of French.

The sixth, seventh and eighth of this Month was so great a Storm at South-East, and with such vio∣lence, that the Digue in many places, and above all upon the Coast of Portneuf, was so shaken, the Engines and Candlesticks so broken and removed, that a Flemish Ship of two hundred Tuns, laden with Victuals for the relief of the City, which had stayed at the Head of the Bay, being driven by the impetuosity of the Storm, ru•• on shore, ha∣ving passed the Digue with little difficulty, which we observed as the Lords particular protection of the affairs of his Majesty, since had this Storm come eight days sooner, the City had been re∣lieved.

Some days after the King went to Port de Coigne, to see a Mine sprung which they had made at a Peece detached from the said Port, to the end, that according as this should succeed, they might

1628. Novemb. deal with the new, as well as ancient Walls of the City, having ordered the demolishing of all its fortifications; and this Mine succeeded well.

The sixteenth, the Keeper of the Seal sent for the Registers of the Council, and made a strict search into the Memoires and Instructions given the Deputies the City had sent to the King of England, and of the Treaties made by them with the said Prince, and found that the said Instructions and Treaty had always been with the reservation of their Fidelity which they ought to the Crown. It was said that this search was made, that they might the better know how to frame the Kings De∣claration, which was soon after published; and that some were of opinion, that in the Preamble of it the King should alledge for cause of his Arms, that Rochel had not only called in the English, but also given themselves up to them; but the said Keeper of the Seal refused it, not judg∣ing it honest or convenient, except they could make the truth of it appear; whereas by all the Inquest that they could make, as well as by those Publick Records finding the contrary, the Decla∣ration touched not at all thereupon: But he gave order, that as well the said Registers, as all the other Instruments, should be carried to Paris, to the Chamber of Accounts, where they still are.

The eighteenth was published thorough the or∣dinary Quarters of the City the Declaration of the King, establishing the Order which he would have observed by the same; he dissolves and abo∣lisheth the Common-Councel of the City, and all her Priviledges, as the Dignity of Mayor, the Prevote or ordinary Jurisdiction of the City, u∣niting

1628. Novemb. them to the Chief Justiceship, with an In∣tendant of Justice, reducing the five Parishes to three, assigning to every Cure three hundred Li∣vers, upon the Revenue of the Town-House; the said Hall, together with all other Edifices and common places, being united to the Kings De∣main, discharged those of the City in general of all acts of Hostility whatever, Negotiations in Forreign Countries, and of all other acts, with∣out being liable to prosecution for the same, sa∣ving in cases execrable, excepted by the Edicts or Laws, and such as may concern the Person of the King; and in like manner discharge them for casting of Guns and Cannon, Minting of Money, seising and taking of Money, as well belonging to the Ecclesiasticks as the King, together with the levying of Souldiers, and constraint used against the absent, even by demolishing of their Houses, willing that the exercise of the Religion to the In∣habitants which make profession thereof be left free to them within the City, with prohibition n••∣vertheless to all others of the said Religion, for coming to live there, if they had not dwelt there before the descent of the English; that the Taxes of the City shall, in favour of Trade, be limited to four thousand Livers; that the fortifications, both new and old, shall be demolished and razed, even with the ground, except from the Port of S. Nicholas, to the Tower of the Lanthorn joyning to the Port of two Mills, which is on the side of the Sea; and that the Policy be administred by two Councellors, and four Burgesses, which the King shall every year make.

This Order being established, the King with all

1628. Novemb. his Court, and a great number of Lords and No∣bless, took Horse the nineteenth for Paris, be∣twixt seven and eight in the morning, and left Monsieur de Vignolles with four Regiments (to wit) those de Chappes, du Plessis Praulin, Castle∣bayrd, and la Meilleraye, to remain there until the demolition of the fortifications were finished: The Kings second Residence here was six Months twenty five days: he held the City besieged, from the fourteenth of August, 1627. when the Duke of Angoulesme took up his Quarters at Estre, until the thirtieth of October, 1628. that the Marshal Schomberg and Marilac made their Entry, being one year, two months, and sixteen days. And thus ended the Siege of this so long Celebrated City of Rochel, which for the space of about seventy years had given France so much exercise, and drawn the Eyes of the greatest part of Chri∣stendom upon them.

Notes

• * 12.1

  Another Letter from the Deputies to the Ro∣chellers.