XIX.
Those which have deserted the profession of the True Reli∣gion to embrace Idolatry, if they persist in this Apostacy after means used to return them to the flock, they shall publickly be declared Apostates, to wit, those who lately shall turn to be such, unless the Consistory shall think such a publication to cause some notable damage and prejudice to the Church, in which case no∣thing shall be done but by advice of the Provincial Synod. As for those which of a long time shall be revolted, the execution of this publication is refer'd to the discretion of Consistories.
In the Primitive Church Idolatry and Apostacy were in several places excluded from pardon and absolution, * 1.1 during the two first Centuries of Christianity, as is made appear by the first and 46. Canons of the Council of Eli∣beri assembled Anno Dom. 305. and by the last of the first Council of Arles in the year 314, but it also appears by these same Canons, that bare Apostacy was not without hope of being pardoned by the Church, but only when it was accompanied with Idolatry, which the ancient Christians looked upon as the blackest of all crimes, * 1.2 and the most heinous of all sins: But the great Council of Nice removed this difference in the 11th. Canon, and made them all hope to find absolution in a certain time, as well Idolaters, as meer Apostates and Deserters; but this Decree was not so soon observed in all places, as may be gathered from the Writings of St. Pacian Bishop of Bar∣celona,