The art of fair building represented in the figures of several uprights of houses, with their ground-plots, fitting for persons of several qualities : wherein is divided each room and office according to their most convenient occasion, with their heights, depths, lengths, and breadths according to proportion : with rules and directions for the placing of the doors, vvindows, chimnies, beds, stairs, and other conveniencies ... : also a description of the names and proportions of the members belonging to the framing of the timber-work, with directions and examples for the placing of them / by Pierre Le Muet ... ; published in English by Robert Pricke ...

The Division of the first Place, having of Bredth twelve Feet, and of Depth, from twenty one feet and an half, to any other which shall be less then twenty five Feet.

IN this first Ground-plot of twelve feet of breadth, upon twenty one feet and an half of depth, the bredth of the Hall is of nine feet, and the passage of three feet; the depth is divided into an Hall or room of fourteen feet, and into a Court of five feet and an half of bredth: and the rest of the bredth over all this depth is imployed in a Stair-case, which shall have six feet in the square, where under the spreading of the stairs the Privy shall be made. At one of the corners of the Court, near unto the Hall, is the Well: for the going down into the Cellar, it shall be made in the passage by means of a Trap-door, as well in this Figure as in those that follow, unto the sixth division of the sixth plot.

As concerning the second story, the Chamber shall take up the breadth as well of the hall as of the passage; and therefore it shall have twelve feet of bredth, and for the depth it is to be regulated by that of the hall below, which is fourteen feet. The rest of this plane or second story differeth not from the first.

And when upon this same bredth of building the depth should be found between twenty one feet and an half and twenty five, the measures of the largeness remaining in their Entire, you must divide the overplus of the depth in the court and in the hall, according to the desire of the Master of the work.

And we have thought fit to declare all the measures of the buildings, upon the particular discourse which we have made of the framing of each of them: although that we have mark∣ed them out by Figures upon the planes or ground-plot, for the more perfect instruction of them which are less exercised in the knowledge of the planes or ground-plots.

And as concerning the heights, the first story shall have nine feet under the Joyst, from the floor of the hall; and the thiekness of the Plancher (the Joyst being contained) shall have eight inches, which will be more then sufficient upon so small a bredth; whereof the whole height will be of nine feet eight inches: the which being divided into eighteen steps, there will be six inches, five parts of an inch, and two thirds, for the height of each of them. The which division shall be observed also for the second story, the which is nine foot high as the first. The third story hath eight feet of height under the Joyst, and eight inches of thickness, the Joyst and Plancher therein contained. This height of eight feet eight inches, being divi∣ded into sixteen steps, we shall allow six inches and an half of height for each of them, which are two thirds of a part more then the other steps, and therefore their difference will not be discerned.

The Garrets shall be above.

And because the coming forth necessary for the Stair-case is hindered by the height which must be given to the Privy, they shall go down from the Court to the Privy by two steps, whereof one shall be within the Court, and the other within the Privy, having each of them nine inches of height.

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The Groundplot of y^e 2^d▪ storie,

The Groudplot of y^e first storie

The Division of the second Place, having the same breadth of twelve feet upon twenty five of depth; the which shall serve likewise unto fifteen feet of bredth, and thirty five and an half of depth, the whole inclusively.

EVen as the whole breadth is in nothing different from that of the fore go∣ing Figure, so there shall not be any difference in the parts. Therefore the Hall shall have nine feet in breadth, and the Passage three; and so for the story above, the Chamber shall have the whole breadth of twelve feet. But the dividing the depth may be done in two manners; the one as the fore-going, without a Closet, allowing the remainder of the depth which this Figure hath more then the former, to the Hall, or to the Court, or else partly to the one and partly to the other. The second manner is in making a Closet at the end of the Hall, and of the same breadth of nine feet upon three and an half deep, which is the least that you can allow to the Closet; and this same depth of three feet and an half is also the greatest that you can allow to the Closet in this present depth: For if you make it deep∣er, you shall not have room enough for the situation of the bed; and in this manner there will remain fourteen feet deep as well for the Hall as the Chamber.

And it must be observed, that from this breadth unto that of nineteen feet, the Closet cannot be made otherwise; but coming to twenty, one may change it, as shall be shewed hereafter.

And where the breadth of the place shall be greater then twelve feet, and less then fifteen, the remainder shall be allowed to the breadth of the Hall and the Chamber, leaving always the Passage of three feet.

And as concerning the depth, from twenty five feet unto thirty five and an half, the re∣mainder thereof shall be added to the Hall, the Closet, and Court, at the discretion of the Builder.

The heights shall be nine feet under the Joysts, for the first and second stories, and eight for the third, as in the foregoing Figure: and accordingly the same height of steps shall be fol∣lowed in the present work.

The Precaution as concerning the coming out of the Stairs above the Privy shall be kept, as in the precedent Figure.

The first Division of the third Place, from fifteen feet of breadth unto eighteen and an half, and of depth from thirty five feet and an half unto forty eight and an half.

THis may be made in three different manners, to each of which we have appropriated its Design. The first keepeth the division in the breadth of the former, in the Hall of twelve feet, and the Passage of three, but the depth addeth to the foregoing a Kitchen below, and a Wardrobe above instead of a Closet. The Stair-case keepeth its first situation and breadth, but not its first shape: For its depth, containing the Stairs, is augmented thereby unto ten feet, which is that of the Court, and the Steps stand for Wards on the Front to them that enter in; which could not be done in the former Designs. The Kitchen therefore shall have nine feet in depth, the Hall fifteen, and the Court ten, as hath been said: and in this Division one may change the places of the Hall and the Kitchen very easily, there being no question of translating the Inclosure, reserving to each of them its own depth. The which also may be understood of the story above, as one will; forasmuch as they may leave it in its own shape, with changing that beneath.

Further, we would represent the shape of the Fore-part of the Building Bias wise or sloping, because that this happeneth commonly in the Situations of the Platforms of Towns, to shew thereby, that al∣though that one of the Fronts or Faces be Bias, yet we need not cease to make the Rooms or Appart∣ments with right angles. The which let it be once said for all.

The height of the first and second story shall have ten feet under the Joysts, which shall be ten feet eight inches, containing the thickness of the Plancher, in which height the division in the Stair-case may be made two ways. The first, following the Design, according to which they ascend by nineteen steps; and therefore every step shall have six inches and nine parts of height. The second way may be used by allowing eight steps to the turning of the Stairs instead of ten, to make it more easie; and continuing the Stairs, by turning them even over against the Chamber, which will raise it four steps, and so we shall have in all twenty one steps: by the which the whole height of ten feet eight inches being divided, we shall have for the height of each step six inches and one part, according to this second manner.

The third story hath nine feet in height under the Joysts, which shall be containing the thickness of the Plancher nine feet eight inches, which being divided by nineteen steps, will allow us six inches and one part for the height of each.

Above there may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, from seven to eight feet under the Joysts.

The inconvenience of the coming out of the Stairs above the Privy, may be avoided by the manner set down here before.

The second Division of the third Place.

THe second manner of Division of the Ground-plot above mentioned keepeth that of the precedent in the breadth, which is divided in the Hall of twelve feet, and the Passage of three. The differenee consisteth in the changing the place of the Stairs and Kitchen, and in the enlargment of the Court for the story that is under, and in changing the place of the Chamber and Wardrobe in that above. The Hall shall have fifteen feet in depth, the Kitchen nine, upon eight and an half of breadth; forasmuch as the rest is employed in the Stair-case, which hath six feet in square. The Court hath ten feet in depth upon fifteen of breadth. The story above is conformable to that below, except the Passage; so that the Chamber will have fif∣teen feet in square, the whole within the work, as above.

The height of the first and second story shall have ten feet under the Joyst, which will be ten feet eight inches, containing therein the thickness of the Plancher; the which divided by the nineteen steps of the stairs, will afford us six inches nine parts for the height of each step.

The height of the third story shall have nine feet eight inches, containing the thickness of the Plancher: and therefore each step shall have six inches and one part of height, as in the precedent Figure.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in garrets, from seven to eight feet high under the Joysts.

The third Division of the third Place.

THe third manner of retaining the former Division in respect of the breadth in the Hall of twelve feet, and for the Passage three; but we must cause the place for the Stairs for the Kitchen and for the Hall to be changed.

The stairs therefore must be made on the Front, and of the same breadth of six feet square. Against the Nuel or Spindle of the stairs shall be made a second door, which shall be kept shut, when the first shall be opened: on the side of the stairs is the Kitchen, having in depth nine feet and an half, upon eight and an half of breadth; the Hall fifteen feet of depth, and at one of the ends shall be made a little Napery or place for Linen; behind which shall be the Privy. The Court shall have nine feet and an half in depth, upon ten and an half of breadth.

The story above the Wardrobe shall be wholly and over all, like to the Kitchen, and the Chamber shall have fifteen feet in square, in one corner of which a Closet shall extend the whole depth of the Court.

And from the breadth of fifteen feet unto eighteen and an half exclusively, you may keep the same division, always allowing three feet for the passage, and six for the stairs, and en∣larging the other parts with the remainder. But as in respect of the depth from thirty five feet and an half unto forty five and an half, that augmentation shall be divided unto the Hall, the Kitchen, and the Court, according to the judgment and pleasure of the Master builder, as also the choice of one of the three Fashions aforegoing shall be reserved to him.

The height of the first and second story shall have ten feet under the Joysts, and nineteen steps; and dividing the height of every step, it will be six inches and nine parts of an inch, as in the Figure a foregoing.

The height of the third story shall be (comprehending the Plancher) nine feet eight inches, and a like quantity of steps; and dividing the height of each of them, it will be six inches and one part.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in the Garrets, between seven and eight feet under the Joysts, of height,

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The Groundplot of y^e second story,

The Groundplot of y^e first story,

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the second Story,

Groundplot of y^e first Story

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Front to the street,

Second storie,

First storie,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The second storie,

The Ground plot of y^e first story

The Division of the fourth Place, from eighteen feet and an half of breadth unto twenty, and of depth from fifty feet unto sixty one and an half.

IN this Division you always keep that of the breadth, still allowing three feet for the Passage, and the rest for the Hall and other rooms. The difference from the former consisteth in a part more, which is made at the end of the Court, which you may make serve for a Stable, a Larder, or a Chamber, as you please. The Halls then shall have fifteen feet of breadth upon seventeen of depth The Kitchen shall have eleven feet and an half of breadth upon nine of depth, on the side of which shall be the Stairs, always six feet square. The Court shall have eighteen feet and an half of breadth upon eleven of depth; at the end of the which shall be a fair Lodging over the whole breadth of eighteen feet and an half upon ten and an half of depth; and at one of the ends of the said breadth shall be the Privy, behind which shall be the place of a Bed for a Boy. The story above shall follow the division of that below, and shall have more a Gallery of three feet broad, for to go from one part of the house to the other. The Chamber therefore shall have eighteen feet and an half of breadth upon seventeen of depth, and the Wardrobe shall be eleven feet and an half broad upon nine deep.

And from the breadth of eighteen feet and an half unto twenty you may keep the same division, always allowing three feet for the Passage, and six feet in square for the Stairs, and enlarging the other parts with the remainder. But as concern∣ing the depth, from fifty feet to sixty one and an half, the augmentation shall be divided upon the Hall, the Kitchen, the Court, and the Lodging room behind, according to the judgment and pleasure of the Builder.

The height of the first and second story of the principal body of the Building, which is on the front, shall have ten feet under the Joysts, which will be ten feet eight inches, comprehending the thickness of the floor and seeling, which height be∣ing divided into nineteen steps of the Stairs, will yield us six inches and nine parts of an inch, for the height of each.

The third story shall have nine feet eight inches of height, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Planchers, the which being divided with the like quantity of Steps, there will be six inches and one part for the height of each.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in the Garrets, from seven to eight feet under the Joysts.

The height of the body of the Lodging behind shall have eight feet four inches under the Joysts, which will be nine feet, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher: and because that the height of every Step is six inches and nine parts of an inch, you must ascend thither by sixteen steps, whereof twelve shall be taken in the Stair-case, and the four as well in the thickness of the Wall, as the depth of the Gallery.

The second story shall have nine feet under the Joysts, and nine feet eight inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and plancher, and above may be Granaries in Garrets.

The Division of the first Place, from twenty feet of breadth unto thirty, and upon the same depth, of sixty one feet and a half.

THe greatness of this Ground plot giveth us the advantages which we could not have in the foregoing; it is therefore that its Division is much different from the other, and we may have two Courts instead of one, and a Stair-case with two bottoms, and the Passage placed in the middest, or in the corner, at our own choice; whereas in the former Buildings it was necessarily driven into the corner. The Passage then is appointed in the middest of the breadth of the Edifice of four feet in breadth, having on the one side the Kitchen and Stairs, and on the other the Buttery.

The Kitchen as also the Buttery shall have in breadth eight feet upon ten of depth; the Court shall have thirteen feet of breadth upon nineteen of depth; and the rest of the breadth, which is seven feet, shall remain for the breadth of the Stairs, containing also the thickness of the wall. From the Court they go up two steps to enter into the Hall, which shall have twenty feet of breadth upon eighteen feet of depth, and the rest of the depth (which is ten feet) shall be employed in a little Court behind, and in a Closet at one of the corners of the Hall, which shall have six feet of breadth upon the same depth of the Court.

For the story above of the body of the Building before, you shall have the Chamber and Stairs on the one side, and the Wardrobe on the other; the Chamber shall have thirteen feet of breadth upon ten of depth, and the Wardrobe seven feet of breadth upon the same depth; and in one of the corners of the Chamber, between the Chamber and the Steps, shall be the Privy; for the body of the Building behind the Chamber shall have thirteen feet of breadth upon eighteen of depth, the Wardrobe seven feet of breadth upon fifteen of depth; the Closet above shall be like to that below.

This Division may be changed without altering any of the Measures. First, by leaving the Passage in the middle where it is, the which may be done two ways; that is, by transposing the Kitchen and the Buttery from one hand to the other, and not removing the Stairs from their place, or else by making the same change, and transposing also the Stairs. And this seemeth to be more convenient, because that the Kitchen, the Stairs, and the Entry of the Hall, being on the same side, the service will be made under covert. Secondly, the change may be made by taking away the Passage from the middle, for to place it at one of the ends; the which doing, you shall place the Kitchen and the Buttery one against the other, and you may enlarge the Kitchen unto ten and twelve feet, which you shall gain upon the Buttery, which hath no need of so great a breadth; the which doing, you have the choice of placing either the Passage or the Kitchen on the side of the Stairs, according as you shall find the one more fitting then the other.

This Division may also be changed four ways, according to the Designs set forth by the Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, by separa∣ting the augmentation of the place, as well in breadth as in depth, to each room or appartment, as it shall be found most convenient.

And from the breadth of twenty feet unto thirty you can change nothing in that Form; but you may well allow seven or eight feet of breadth to your Stairs, and the rest to the Hall and other parts: and whenas your breadth shall exceed twen∣ty four feet, you must change the situation of your Beams from the breadth into the depth; for the depth receiveth no other changing then that which is mentioned here above. And the same breadth remaining as above, if the depth exceed∣ed not fifty eight feet, then we should not speak any more of making two Courts, but the Division might be made in one of the two manners following.

The height of the first and second story of the body of the Building on the fore part shall have nine feet under the Joysts, which will be nine feet eight inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher: they shall ascend thither by twenty one steps, and therefore the height of each shall be of five inches, six parts, and one third of a part.

From the floor of the Court they shall go up by two steps to enter into the Hall of the chief body of the Building, which is behind, the which Hall shall have in height from the Floor to under the Joysts eleven feet eight inches, which will be comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, eleven feet eight inches. And because that the steps have five in∣ches, six parts, and a third of height, there will be need of twenty six, whereof nineteed being on the Stairs, there will re∣main seven steps, which shall be taken within the Turning thereof, which is upon the Court.

The second story of the chief body of the Building shall have ten feet under the Joysts, and eight inches of the thickness of the plancher, comprehending the Joysts, and therefore shall ascend by twenty threesteps of five inches and a half apiece.

The third story shall have nine feet eight inches, containing the thickness of the plancher, and therefore they shall go up hitther by twenty and one steps, of five inches and an half apiece.

Above may be Granaries, or Chambers in Garrets, from seven to eight feet high under the Joysts.

The Division of the sixth Place, of thirty feet of breadth unto thirty eight feet, and of fifty eight of depth unto an hundred.

IN the first Figure of this Division, which is the eighth in order, the breadth of thirty feet is divided into a Passage of four feet and an half, and an Hall of twenty five feet upon twen∣ty in depth; the which is followed by the Court, which hath nineteen feet in depth, and in breadth twenty one. And the rest of the breadth is employed in a Stair-case, which hath eight feet in breadth within the work. The rest of the depth is employed in a body of a Lodging behind, having fifteen feet in depth, whereof the breadth is divided into a Kitchen of nine feet, and a Buttery of ten. The division of the second story followeth that of the first, except in the body of the Building before, where the Chamber shall have twenty feet in square, and the Wardrobe nine feet and an half in breadth.

And when upon the same breadth the depth should be found much greater, in such manner as one might have made a Court or Garden upon the back part, he might have caused that the body of the Build∣ing behind might be enlightened on both sides without changing the division of the parts.

We must note, that in all the Designs aforegoing, in respect of the smalness of the breadth of the pla∣ces, we have made use of inclosures of boards, which have but one inch of thickness. In the following, where we have more convenience for the breadth, we support them with Carpenters work and Plastering, whereof the Posts and Summers about the top shall have from four to six inches, to the end that no man deceive himself with the numbers by which the breadth and depth are marked; the which ought always to be understood within the work, as heretofore.

It must also be observed, that hitherto we have always allowed eight inches for the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, which are three inches for the thickness of the Plancher, and five for those of the Joysts, which was sufficient for the small bearing of the Buildings aforegoing. Now for those which follow we allow nine, whereof six are for the thickness of the Joysts, and three for the thickness of the Plastering and Boards, which is neither encreased nor diminished.

As for the heights, the Floor of the Hall shall be higher by one foot then the surface of the Court, to the which Hall they stall ascend by two steps. The Hall shall have of height under the Joysts twelve feet three inches, and together with the Joysts and thickness of the Plancher thirteen feet; to the which height they shall ascend by twenty six steps of six inches each of them, whereof twenty three shall be upon the turning of the Stairs fastened to the wall, and three other to that which looketh towards the Court.

The second story shall have eleven feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Plancher, the which being divided by twenty six steps, it will afford us five inches and five parts for the height of each.

The third story shall have ten feet nine inches, the thickness of the Plancher contained, the which be∣ing divided by twenty six steps, will allow five inches for the height of each.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in the Garrets from seven to eight feet high under the Joysts.

The body of the Building behind shall be also higher by a foot then the floor of the Court, to which likewise they shall ascend by two steps, and shall have of height from the floor under the Joysts ten feet nine inches, and with the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher eleven feet and an half: to which they shall ascend by twenty three steps or stairs, of six inches each. And for the second story it shall have of height under the Joysts nine feet eight inches, and with the Joysts and Plancher ten feet five inches, of which height must be deducted one foot and an half for the height of three steps, which are at the going up that looketh towards the Court. There remain eight feet eleven inches to ascend by steps, which shall have five inches five parts apiece; and thereby there will be twenty, whereof division must be made against the Wall.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, from seven to eight feet high under the Joysts.

The second Division of the sixth Place, having the same breadth of thirty feet, and of depth fifty eight.

THe second Division of the same space followeth in breadth the foregoing Division, in a Passage of four feet and an half, and the rest in an Hall of twenty five feet upon twenty of depth, the which is followed by a Kitchen of seventeen feet of depth upon twenty of breadth: and the rest of the breadth is employed in the Stairs, which have nine feet of breadth within the work. At the end of the Kitchen is a Buttery of eight feet broad upon eleven deep, behind which is the Privy. And by these means we have made the body of the Building double, by placing the Court behind, which hath twenty one feet of breadth upon seventeen and an half of depth.

There is not any change in the story above, but onely that the Chamber hath twenty feet in square, and the Wardrobe nine and an half in breadth, where one may also make a Chimney, as is shewed by the Figure before.

For the heights, the Hall shall have twelve feet three inches under the Joysts, and thirteen feet, con∣taining the thickness of the Joysts and the Plancher; to the which story they shall ascend by twenty six feet of six inches apiece.

The second story shall have eleven feet nine inches of height, containing the thickness of the Plan∣cher, and they shall ascend by twenty four steps.

The third story shall have ten feet nine inches, contain in the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty two steps.

Above may be made Granaries, or Chambers in Garrets, as in the foresaid manner.

[illustration] architectural diagram

the front to y^e street

the second Storie,

the first storie,

[illustration] architectural diagram

next the Court,

Front next y^e street,

of the 2^d, story,

Ground plot of the First story,

[illustration] architectural diagram

next the Court,

Front next the street,

the second storie

the first storie

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Front to the Street,

Front to the

The Ground plot of the first storie.

the second Storie,

The Division of the seventh Place, of thirty eight feet of breadth or there∣about, and of depth an hundred feet.

THis Ground-plot hath but one only Division, because that all the change which can be made therein, may be reduced to two precedent Figures. It hath therefore thirty eight feet of breadth upon an hundred of depth, and consistt in two bodies of a Building; the first on the Front, whose breadth is divided into a Kitchen of fourteen feet broad upon twenty deep, and a Stable having equal dimensions with the Kitchen, and a passage for a Coach between the two nine feet broad. Next followeth the Court, being thirty feet deep upon twentie eight broad, and the rest of the breadth upon this whole depth is imployed in a Stair-case, which hath nine feet of breadth, and in a Larder of the like breadth, upon seven feet deep, joyn∣ing to the Kitchen.

The principal body of the Building, which is on the back part, consisteth in a Hall being twenty five feet broad upon twenty two feet deep, and in the rest of the breadth is a Cham∣ber or little Hall, between which and the Stairs there is a Passage of four feet, at the bottom of which the Privy shall be placed. In the rest of the depth shall be a Garden, into which they shall enter by the hall, or by the little hall, as they please.

The story above hath the same divisions with that below, except that on the Front of the body of the building over the Stable is a Chamber, upon the Passage a Wardrobe, and upon the Kitchen a Closet.

It will happen sometimes, that the Ground-plot proposed shall have more breadth then that aforesaid, and less depth then shall be requisite to frame two bodies of a building, in the situation wherein they are in the Figures precedent, and then the Order must be changed ac∣cording to one of the manners which shall be set down hereafter.

The going down to the Cellar shall be made under the Stairs, as well in the principal body of the building, as in that on the front; and if one would have it so, on the side of the street under the Chimney of the Kitchen.

The Ʋpright on the front, and also the Building in the rear, of the seventh Place.

THe floor of the Bodie of the Building in the Front shall have the same level with that of the Court. The first story shall have in height fourteen feet six inches under the Joysts, and fifteen feet three inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, unto which they shall ascend by three steps of six inches high apiece, which shall be the level of the foot of the stairs, and of the body of the building behind, the which shall have of height under the Joysts thirteen feet, and containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, thirteen feet nine inches; to which they shall ascend by twenty four steps, of six inches and ten parts of an inch apiece, which shall bring you as well into the bodie of the building before as that behind, seeing that they have the same level.

The second storie, as well of that before as that behind, shall be elevated twelve feet under the Joysts, and twelve feet nine inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plan∣cher, unto which they shall ascend by twentie four steps, being six inches and five parts each of them.

The third storie, as well before as behind, shall have in height ten feet under the Joysts, and together with the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher ten feet nine inches, unto which they shall ascend by twentie four steps of five inches and five parts apiece.

Above are Granaries or Chambers in garrets, from eight to nine feet high under the Joysts,

The Division of the eighth Place, of fifty feet of breadth upon fifty eight of depth.

THe Division may be may be made three several ways, in the first of which this breadth of fifty feet is employed in a body of a building on the Front, of twenty two feet deep, whereof the breadth is divided into an Hall of twenty seven feet and an half, a Passage of eight feet, and a Stable of thirteen. The rest of the depth consisteth in a Court of thirty two feet broad, and the rest of the breadth comprehendeth a Kitchen, a Buttery, and Stairs joyning to the Hall, whereof the Measures are described upon the Platform; and at one corner of the stairs shall be the Privy. The Division of the second Plane or Ground-plot shall be seen in the next leaf.

As for the heights, the floor of the Hall, Stairs, Buttery, and Kitchen shall be one level, elevated one foot above the floor of the Court; from which they shall go to the Stable on a level, as to the others they shall go up by two steps.

The first story shall have thirteen feet nine inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by twenty seven steps, six inches high apiece.

The second story shall have twelve feet nine inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty six steps, six inches high apiece.

The third story shall have eleven feet nine inches high, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty four steps, of six inches high.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets.

The second Story of the first Division of the eighth Place.

THe second Story consisteth in two Chambers and a Wardrobe, the first placed over the Hall, having thirteen feet and an half in breadth, upon seventeen and an half deep, the rest of the depth being employed in a Passage of four feet between the said Chamber and the stairs. The second Chamber joyning to the first shall have nineteen feet in breadth, upon the whole depth of twenty two feet. The Wardrobe shall be thirteen feet broad upon the same depth. The place of the bed of the principal Chamber may be set against the Inclosure.

Above the Kitchen and Buttery shall be a Chamber sixteen feet and an half broad, upon twentie four deep; and it is at the choice of him that builds to elevate both the bodies of the building equally, or otherwise, as he shall see it most convenient.

The Elevation of the side that looks to the Court, is here inserted above the Elevation of the second story: but it hath no need of any particular declaration, because it doth not change at all the measure from that aforegoing.

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the second Storie,

The Groundplot of the first Storie,

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The Vpright to the Court,

The Front to the street,

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The Front to the street,

The Groundplot of the first Storie.

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The Face to the Court,

The Groundplot of the second Story

The second Division of the eighth Place, of the same breadth of fifty feet upon fifty eight of depth.

THe second manner according to which the space above mentioned may be divided, is by a Body of a Building situate on the Front, having in depth thirty eight feet and an half within the work upon the whole breadth, the which shall be divided upon the Fore-part into an Hall, being thirty feet broad upon twenty deep; a Passage of five feet, and a Stable fourteen feet broad. The Back-part shall contain a Kit∣chen and a Chamber, the Stair-case being between the two. The Kitchen shall have twenty five feet in breadth upon seventeen deep, the Stairs nine feet, and one Chamber thirteen feet and an half. At the end of the Kitchen is a Buttery, ha∣ving nine feet broad upon eleven and an half deep, behind which shall be the Privy. One may set at one of the corners of the Stairs a Privy to serve above. The Court shall be forty feet broad upon seventeen and an half deep.

The descent of the Cellar shall be taken right under the first turning of the Stair-case.

And if one would within the same depth have the Court a little larger, he may gain two feet upon the depth of the Hall.

For the heights, the Floor of the Building shall be two feet higher then the level of the Causey with∣out, and for to ascend thereto you may have divers fashions. The first by taking one step or two upon the street, and the rest in the thickness of the wall, if it may be suffered you; if not, you shall take all the steps within the Passage, even as they are pointed upon the Platform. And to descend into the Court, which shall have the same level with that without (the running down of the water excepted) they shall take two steps within the Passage of the Stair-case, and two within the Court, that there may be allowed a convenient opening for the Court-gate.

The first story shall have in height thirteen feet under the Joysts, and thirteen feet nine inches, contain∣ing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty nine steps of five in∣ches eight parts high apiece.

The second story shall have in height twelve feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty six steps, which shall have five feet and one part in height apiece.

The third story shall have ten feet nine inches in height, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty five steps of five inches apiece.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, from eight to nine feet under the Joysts.

The second Story of the second Division of the eighth Place,

THe second story consisteth in two Chambers upon the fore part, and a Wardrobe or Closet be∣tween the two. The first Chamber shall have twenty five feet of breadth upon twenty of depth; the Wardrobe or Closet ten feet of breadth upon fifteen and an half of depth, by rea∣son of a Passage of four feet behind the said Closet. The Chamber shall have fourteen feet of breadth over the whole depth, and on the back part there shall be two Chambers, and the Stairs be∣tween both; the first of twenty five feet of breadth upon seventeen of depth, and the Stairs nine feet broad: the other Chamber or Closet thirteen feet and an half broad upon the whole said depth of seven∣teen feet. At the end of the first Chamber over the Buttery shall be a Wardrobe over the whole depth of the Court.

All the parts of these stories are so free from encumbrance, that one may use them even as they would desire.

You have above the plane of the second story the Elevation of the Front that looketh towards the Court, which, because it hath not any separated Measures, hath no need of any particular declaration.

The third Division of the eighth Place, of the same breadth of fifty feet upon fifty eight of depth.

THis Division consisteth likewise in a Body of a Building double, having of depth within the work thirty six feet upon the whole breadth of fifty, which shall be divi∣ded into an Hall, Stable, and Kitchen; the which Stable and Kitchen shall be separated from the Hall by a Passage and Stairs. The Hall shall have twenty feet of breadth over the whole depth, the Entry and the Stairs nine feet of breadth, the Stable eighteen feet of breadth upon fifteen and an half of depth, the Kitchen shall have the same breadth of eighteen feet upon twenty of depth, adjoyning unto which shall be a Buttery of nine feet in breadth, and fourteen of depth. Behind the But∣tery shall be a Privy. The Court shall have forty feet of breadth upon twenty of depth. The Passage shall have from the Entry unto the foot of the Stairs fifteen feet and an half.

The descent of the Cellar shall be taken down right under the turning of the Stairs.

As for the Heighths, the floor of the Building shall be two feet higher then the level of the street with∣out; and for to ascend thither you may take one step or two upon the street, and the rest in the thickness of the wall, if you may be suffered to make steps in the street; if not, you shall make them all within the Passage, as they are pointed out within the Platform: and to go down into the Court you shall take two steps within the Passage of the Stairs, and two within the Court, thereby to allow to the gate of the Court its Passage.

The first story shall be thirteen feet high from the Floor to under the Joysts, and thirteen feet nine inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, unto which you shall ascend by thirty one steps of five inches and eight parts apiece.

The second story shall have twelve feet nine inches, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which you shall ascend by twenty four steps, of six inches and four parts and half each of them.

The third story shall have ten feet nine inches of height, comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which you shall ascend by the same quantity of twenty four steps, of five inches four parts and an half each of them.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, from seven to eight feet high under the Joysts.

The second Story of the third Division of the eighth Place.

THe second story consisteth in two Chambers, each being accompanied with a Wardrobe and Closet. The first Chamber on the back part, and upon the Hall shall have twenty feet in square, and the rest of the depth (which is fifteen feet and an half) shall be for the Wardrobe upon the same breadth. The Closet shall be above the Passage, and shall have nine feet of breadth upon twelve of depth. The second Chamber upon the Kitchen, having eighteen feet in breadth, and of the same depth with the foregoing of twenty feet: and the Closet shall be upon the back part over the Larder, upon the whole depth of the Court, which is twenty feet. As for the Wardrobe, it shall contain the same space with the Stable, upon the which it is placed.

Above the level of the second story is the Elevation that looketh towards the Court.

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Front to the street,

The Groundplot of the first Story,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Groundplot of the second story,

[illustration] architectural diagram

the Front to the street

The Groundplot of the first storie

[illustration] architectural diagram

to the Court,

The second story.

The Division of the nineth Place, of the breadth of fifty seven feet, upon one hundred and twenty of depth.

THis Ground plot may be divided in five several manners, each whereof hath its particular Design. The first containeth two Bodies of a Building, the first on the Front, the second on the Rear. That on the Front hath twenty feet in breadth, its breadth consisting in a Kitchen twenty feet broad, a Buttery eleven, a Passage for the Coach nine, and a Stable fifteen. At the end of the Kitchen there is a Stair-case thirteen feet and an half in breadth, upon fifteen of depth. Behind the Stairs there is a Gallery twenty six feet deep. At one of the corners of the stairs shall be the Privy, or at the place marked (A) The Court shall have twenty four feet in square.

The Body of the Building behind, which is the principal, shall have twen∣ty two feet in depth, upon the same breadth with that on the Front, and con∣fisteth in a Hall thirty feet broad, a Stair-case ten, and a Chamber fifteen. The Garden shall be thirty feet deep, upon the whole breadth of fifty se∣ven feet.

The second Story of the first Division of the nineth Place.

THe second story consisteth in a Wardrobe placed upon the Kitchen, having fifteen feet in breadth, upon fifteen and an half of depth, by reason of a Passage of four feet between that and the stair-case: one Chamber of twenty five feet broad, upon the whole depth of twenty; and another Chamber of fifteen feet in depth. Joyning to the Passage above∣mentioned is the stair-case, followed by a Closet of twenty six feet in depth, which joyneth it to the principal Body of the Building, which consisteth in a Chamber and Wardrobe above the Hall, the Chamber having nineteen feet in breadth, and the VVardrobe ten and an half. Joyning to which is the stair-case mentioned in the story below, and next to that a Chamber of fifteen feet, the whole upon the depth of twenty two. The Privy shall be taken with∣in the thickness of the wall divided from the stairs.

The Elevation of the body of the building on the fore part, on the side of the Court of the nineth Place, divided accord••ng to the first manner.

THe Body of the Building on the fore part, except the Stable and the Passage, shall be elevated above the Floor of the level of the Court two feet, to which they shall ascend by four steps taken in the Court at the place of the Stair-case.

The height of the first story from the Floor shall be thirteen feet nine inches, containing the the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which height they shall ascend by twenty five steps, of six inches and seven parts high apiece.

The second story shall have of height twelve feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty five steps, of six inches one part apiece.

The third story shall have in height eleven feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty five steps, of five inches eight parts of height each of them.

And above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, from eight to nine feet high under the Joysts.

The Elevation of the principal body of the building on the side of the Court of the nineth Place, divided according to the first manner, which body of the building is that on the back part.

THe body of the building on the back part shall be elevated above the level of the Court two feet, to which they shall ascend by four steps taken in the said Court; and to descend from the Floor of the Building to the Garden, they shall take two steps in the Passage of the Stair-case, and two within the Garden, thereby to allow to the Gate of the said Garden a coming forth convenient.

The height of the first story from the Floor shall be of thirteen feet nine inches, containing the thick∣ness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which height they shall ascend by twenty eight steps, divided in halves upon the two turnings of the Stair-case, which steps shall have five inches eleven parts of height each of them.

The second story shall have of height twelve feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty eight steps, of five inches and an half each of them.

The third story shall have in height eleven feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty eight steps, of five inches apiece.

And he which would keep in the second and third story the same height of steps as in the first, which are five inches and eleven parts, he should find twenty six thereof in the second story, and twenty four in the third; wich change one may also make throughout all the other Elevations.

Above shall be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, from eight to nine feet high under the Joysts.

[illustration] floor plan

The Ground plot of the first Story,

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the second Story,

[illustration] front elevation of building

[illustration] architectural diagram

next the Court.

The second Division of the nineth Place, of the same breadth of fifty seven feet, upon one hundred and twenty of depth.

THe second Division of the space above mentioned consisteth in two bodies of a building, the one on the fore part, the other on the back part; the first ha∣ving twenty feet of depth; whereof the breadth consisteth in a Stable, Coach-Passage, and a Kitchen. The stable with a double rank hath of breadth twenty three feet and an half, the Passage for the Coach nine, and the Kitchen twenty two and an half; on the side of which is the Buttery of ten feet broad upon eleven deep, at one of the corners of which shall be the Privy. Next to the Buttery is the stair-case, upon the same breadth of ten feet, and twenty four of depth. The Court shall have thirty four feet in breadth, upon the whole depth of the Stairs and the Buttery, which make thirty six feet, therein containing the thickness of the Wall between the Buttery and the Stairs. The rest of the breadth is employed in a stair-case joyning to the stable, and a gallery at the end: the stair-case hath ten feet in square and the gallery twen∣ty five in depth, upon the like breadth, within which one may put the Coaches, and behind the Coaches at the place marked (A) may be set the Privy.

The bodie of the building behind, which is the principal, which shall have in depth twen∣tie two feet, upon the whole breadth of fiftie seven; it consisteth in an Hall thirtie six feet broad, and a Chamber nineteen and an half. At the two corners of this bodie of the build∣ing may be made, by the outside within the Garden, two small Advances for Privies, which shall be raised onely to the second storie. The Garden shall be thirty six feet deep upon the whole breadth, into which they shall descend by stone-steps.

The second Story of the second Division of the nineth Place.

THe second Story consisteth in two Chambers, in the middest of which is a Ward∣robe; the first is placed over the Kitchen, being twenty three feet in breadth, the Wardrobe twelve, upon fifteen and an half deep. In respect of the Passage it shall be for to serve for one of the two Chambers, and the second Chamber over the stable shall have twenty feet in square. Joyning unto the first Chamber, and above the but∣tery, shall be a Portal of the same bigness and shape that the buttery is; and on the other side of the Court shall be a Gallery, between the stairs and the principal body of the building, which shall have twenty five feet in depth, and shall consist in two Chambers and a Ward∣robe. The first joyning to the Gallery shall have nineteen feet and an half in breadth, the second twenty three, and the Wardrobe thirteen, upon seventeen feet and an half in depth. In respect of the Passage of four feet, at the two corners of the body of the building, within the garden, shall be made two Advances for the Privies.

The Elevation of the body of the Building on the Front, which looketh to the street, of the Ninth Place, distributed according to the second Manner.

THe Body of the Building on the Front hath the same levell with that of the Court. It shall have of height from the floor or level unto under the joysts nineteen feet, the which height shall be divided a∣bove the Kitchen and the Stable, by an Enter-joyst or Girder, which shall have ten feet under the joysts, from the floor, which shall be with the thickness of the joysts and plancher, ten feet nine inches at the Enter-joyst or Girder, above the Stable, they shall ascend by fifeeen steps, which shall have eight inches, and seven parts of height each of them. The rest of the height from the plancher of the Enter-Girder, unto that of the first story under the joysts, shall be eight feet three inches, and con∣taining the thickness of the joysts and plancher nine feet, to the which height they shall ascend by thirteen steps, which shall have of height eight inches and four parts each of them. To the Enter-joyst or Girder above the Kitchen, they shall ascend by three steps, which shall be in the Court of six inches each of them. For to come to the floor of the bottom of the principal Stair-case, and to the turning thereof on the side of the Court, shall be taken seven steps of six inches apiece. For to come upon the bottom of the Stair-case joyning to the Hall, and within the other turning against the Wall, shall be taken fifteen steps, of five inches eleven parts apiece, which shall ascend to the height of seven feet four inches and an half; which being added with the five feet, unto which the steps of the Court do ascend, and of the other turning, there will be twelve feet four inches and an half. But to ascend to the Enter-joyst we had but ten feet nine inches; wherefore they must descend unto the said Enter-joyst two feet four inches and three parts, by the means of four steps, which shall be taken above the Buttery.

The Floor of the body of the Building behinde shall have five feet above the level of the Court, by reason of Cellars or necessary Rooms which shall be underneath: and to this height they shall ascend by the three steps mentioned above in the Court, and by the seven of the turning of the stair-case, as it hath been said hereabove.

The first story of the body of the Building behind, shall have from the Floor to under the Joysts, fourteen feet, and con∣taining the thickness of the Joysts and the Plancher, fourteen feet nine inches: to the which they shall ascend by thirty steps, having five inches eleven parts of height, each of them: the which shall be divided by the half upon each Turning, and in this Manner the chief stair-case shall afford communication to the principal Body of the Building, and to the Enter-Joyst of that on the fore-part. But it shall not afford it to the first story on the fore-part, and nevertheless the smaller stairs doth afford it to the one and the other, forasmuch as the two bodies of the Building before and behind are of one levell.

But if one would have Communication of the one body of the Building with the other, as well by great stairs, as by the small, from the levell of the Hall they should go up to the second story, by twenty five steps, adding thereto five steps upon each Turning, and each of them should have seven inches and one part of height; and for the second story which hath twelve feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by twenty five steps, of six inches and one part of height, each of them. But in this manner the great stair-case shall not have any communication with the Enter-Joyst above the Kitchen, the which hath not any also by the lesser stairs, and by this means the said Enter-Joyst would remain wholly unuseful: therefore to make it useful we must take its communication by the lesser stairs, by the means of the Enter-Joyst above the Stable, by passing over the Gate, the which hath thirteen feet of height, and with the thickness of the Joyst and Plancher, thirteen feet nine inches, and by consequence three feet above the floor of the Enter-Joyst: we must therefore use steps coming to this height in the one and the other Enter-Joyst the one to ascend, and the other to descend.

The second story, shall have of height twelve feet, under the Joysts, and containing the thickness of the Joyst and Plan∣cher, twelve feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by twenty two steps in two Revolutions, and therefore every step shall have seven inches and one part.

The third story shall be in Garrets, and shall have of height containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, ten feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by one Revolution, by sixteen steps of eight inches four parts each of them.

The Elevation of the body of the building behinde, which looketh towards the Court of the nineth Place, divided according to the second Manner.

THe Body of the Building behinde shall have its Cellars underneath the Building, which shall have nine feet un∣der the Joysts, or under the Vault, whereof four feet nine inches shall be above the levell of the Court, and they shall descend thereinto by nine steps of six inches and four parts each of them, by reason of their steps which shall be ascended from the Court. The other four feet three inches above, will make with the thick∣ness of the Joysts and Plancher five feet, the which they shall ascend by ten steps, whereof three shall be in the Court, and the other seven in the Turning of the stair-case, which is upon the Court, as hath been said here above.

The first story from the floor of the Hall unto under the Joysts, shall have fourteen feet, and containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher fourteen feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by thirty steps, having five inches and one part of height each of them: the which shall be distributed by the half upon each Turning, as hath been said in the e∣levation of the Body of the Building before.

The second story shall have of height twelve feet under the Joysts, and containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plan∣cher, twelve feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by twenty six steps of five inches, and eleven Parts each of height.

The third story shall have of height ten feet nine inches, containg the thickness of the joysts and Plancher, to the which story we shall ascend by steps equal in height to those of the second story of five inches eleven Parts, and thereby those shall be twenty two thereof.

Above may be made Granaries.

[illustration] floor plan

The Groudplot of the first Story,

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the second Story,

[illustration] front elevation

The Front to the Street,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Vpright to the Court,

The third Division of the nineth Place, of the same breadth of fifty seven feet, upon one hundred and twenty of depth.

THe third Division of the same space of fifty seven feet in breadth, upon one hundred and twenty in depth, consisteth in two Bodies of a Building, the one upon the fore part, the other on the hinder; the first having twenty feet in depth upon the whole breadth, the which is divided into a Stable of nineteen feet, a Passage for the Coach of nine feet, a Stair-case of nine feet, and a Kitchen of seventeen feet, at the end of which is a Buttery nine feet deep, upon twelve and an half broad, and a Passage four feet broad to go into the Kitchen. And these two breadths making seventeen feet, do cause that of a Chamber next to the said Buttery, the which hath fifteen feet and an half in depth; and at the end of that is another Stair-case, the breadth of which shall have its situation according to the depth of the building, considering it in its whole extent: and there∣fore we shall use this word of Depth, which shall be of ten feet upon seventeen of breadth. The Court shall have the rest of the breadth, which is thirty eight feet and an half, upon thirty six deep.

The Body of the Building behind, which is the principal, shall have twenty two feet deep upon the whole breadth. It consisteth in a Hall of thirty four feet, and a Chamber of twenty two in square. At the corners as well of the Hall as of the Chamber, there shall advance into the Garden two Closets of eight feet broad upon ten deep. The Garden shall be thirty six feet deep upon the whole breadth, to which they shall descend by four steps.

The second Story of the third Division of the nineth Place.

THe second Story consisteth in a Chamber above the Stable, having in breadth nineteen feet up∣on the whole depth of twenty feet, a Wardrobe of nine feet broad upon fifteen and an half deep; in regard of a Passage of four feet which is behind, a Stair-case of nine feet broad, and a Chamber of seventeen; on the side of which is a Wardrobe of the same breadth upon nine feet deep, and a Chamber of sixteen feet likewise upon the said breadth of seventeen. At the end of the which Chamber the Stair-case is placed, and then the body of the principal building, which consisteth in two Chambers, each of them adorned with its Closet, and the Wardrobe in the middest.

The first joyning to the Stairs shall have eighteen feet and an half in breadth, upon seventeen and an half deep. The Wardrobe shall have fifteen feet in breadth, upon seventeen and an half deep; and be∣hind the said Chamber and Wardrobe shall be a Passage of four feet for their disengagement: the other Chamber, which is the principal, shall have twenty two feet in square; and at the corner of each of the Chambers shall be put forth within the Garden a Closet of eight feet broad upon ten deep.

The Elevation of the Front, to the street of the body of the Building of the Ninth Place, distributed according to the third Manner.

THe bodie of the Building on the Front, excepting the stair case, hath the same levell with that of the Court, and shall have of height from the floor, fifteen feet, and with the thickness of the Plancher, fifteen feet nine inches; the floor of the stair-case shall have one foot above the said levell, to the which they shall ascend by two steps within the Court: there will remain fourteen feet nine inches, whither they shall ascend by twentie eight steps of six inches, four Parts each of them.

The second storie shall have twelve feet, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plan∣cher, twelve feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by twentie eight steps, of five inches and an half each of them.

The third storie, which consisteth in Chambers in Garrets, shall have ten feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by steps of equal height with the foregoing, to wit, of five inches and an half, and therefore there will be twentie four of them.

The Elevation of the body of the principal building, which is on the back part, and faceth the Court of the nineth Place, accord∣ing to the third Division.

THe Floor of the body of the building on the back part, together with the Chamber joyning to the stairs, is raised two feet above the le∣vel of the Court; the which shall ascend by four steps being in the said Court.

The first story from the floor of the Hall shall have thirteen feet under the Joysts, and with the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher thirteen feet nine in∣ches; to which they shall ascend by twenty seven steps, of six inches and one part apiece.

The second story shall have twelve feet nine inches, containing the thick∣ness of the Joysts and Plancher; to which they shall ascend by twenty seven steps, which shall have five inches eight parts apiece.

The third story shall have eleven feet nine inches, containing the thick∣ness of the Joysts and Plancher; to which they shall ascend by steps of equal height to those of the second story of five inches eight parts, and therefore there shall be twenty five of them.

Above the third story shall be a Granary or Chamber in the Garret, from nine to ten feet under the Joysts of elevation, if one will have it.

We must also observe, that although it seemeth that we make the first sto∣ries of the body of the building on the fore part more elevated then needful; nevertheless that is not done without reason, for it is to equal the two Floors of the two bodies of the building, to the end that one may go evenly from the one to the other, and that he be not forced to ascend nor descend.

[illustration] floor plan

The Ground-plot of the first Story,

[illustration] floor plan

The Ground-plot of y^e second Story,

[illustration] front elevation

The Front to the Street,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Vpright of the Cheife Building, next the Court,

The fourth Division of the nineth Place, of the same breadth of fifty seven feet, upon one hundred and twenty of depth.

THis fourth Division of the same space of fiftie seven feet in bredth, upon six score of depth, consisteth likewise in two bodies of a Building, the one on the front, the other on the Rear, the first having twenty two feet of depth upon the whole bredth, the which is divided into a stable, with a double Rank, of twenty two feet and an half; a Passage for the Coach of nine feet, a Kitchen of twentie three feet and an half; on the side of which is a Butterie of fourteen feet of bredth, upon seven∣teen of depth; and according to the depth of the said Butterie, is the stair-case of eighteen feet of depth, upon the same bredth of fourteen feet. This stair-case hath four Nuels or Spindles adorned with Ballisters or little pillars, and must have about three feet emptie with∣in the midst, for to afford it the more pleasantness. The Court must have thirty six feet of depth, upon fourtie one and an half of bredth, and from that they must ascend by four steps to the bottom of the stair-case.

The body of the building on the Rear, which is the principal, must have the same depth of twentie two Feet, upon the same bredth of fiftie seven Feet, and consisteth in an Hall of thir∣tie six Feet of bredth, and in a Chamber of nineteen Feet and an half, upon seventeen Feet and an half of depth, by reason of a passage of Four Feet, which is between the said Cham∣ber and the stair case; and within a corner of the passage shall be the privy. At the two corners of the Garden, joyning to the Hall and the Chamber, there must come forth two Closets of ten Feet of bredth, and there must be a descent at your choice, either from the Hall or the Chamber to the Garden, of four steps.

The second Story of the fourth Division of the nineth Place.

THe second Story consisteth in two Chambers, in the midst of which is a Wardrobe: the first over the Stable shall have of bredth twenty two feet and an half, upon twenty two of depth: the Wardrobe twelve feet and an half, upon seventeen and an half of depth, by reason of a passage of four feet: behinde that, another Chamber of twenty feet of bredth upon the same depth of seventeen feet and an half, and above the Buttery shall be a Portal of the bredth and depth of the said Buttery.

The body of the Building on the Rear, consisteth in two Chambers, and one Ward-robe: the first Chamber near unto the stair-case, having the same bredth and depth with that of the Story below: the second joyning to the first above the Hall, having twenty two feet in square, and the Wardrobe fourteen feet and an half of bredth, upon the same depth of twenty two feet, at the two corners of the Chamber, and of the Wardrobe, shall be likewise two Closets, jetting forth over the Garden▪ as those of the first Story.

The Elevation of the Front to the Street, of the body of the building of the nineth Place, divided according to the fourth Manner.

THe body of the building on the Front, hath the same levell, with that of the Court, and shall have height from the Floor, fifteen feet and an half, and with the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, sixteen feet three inches, to the which they shall ascend by thirty one steps, to wit, four in the Court, which shall ascend two feet, and twenty seven in the stair-case, which shall have six inches and four parts each of them.

The second story shall have twelve feet under the Joysts, and twelve feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher; to the which they shall ascend by twenty seven steps of five inches, eight parts each of them.

The third story shall have ten feet and an half under the Joysts, and eleven feet three inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher; to the which they shall ascend by twenty four steps of equal height with those of the second story, which are five inches eight parts.

And above shall be made Chambers in the Garrets, about nine feet of height under the Joysts, or else Garners, if one will have it.

The Elevation of the body of the principal building, which is on the back part, that looketh upon the Court of the nineth Place, according to the fourth Distribution.

THe floor of the body of the Principal building, together with the bottom of the stair-case, shall be elevated two feet above the levell of the Court, to the which they shall ascend by the four steps, which we have said to be in the Court.

The first storie shall have thirteen feet and an half from the floor under the Joysts, and fourteen feet three inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by twenty seven steps of six inches four parts each of them.

The second story shall have twelve feet under the Joysts, and twelve feet nine inches, con∣taining the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by twenty seven steps, of five inches eight parts each of them.

The third story shall have ten feet and an half under the Joysts, and eleven feet three inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by twentie four steps of equal height of five inches eight parts.

And above may be made Garners or Chambers in Garrets, of nine feet under the Joysts of height.

[illustration] floor plan

The Ground-plot of the first Story,

[illustration] floor plan

The Ground-plot of the second Story,

[illustration] front elevation

The Front of the Building to y^e Street,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Vpright of the Cheife Building next the Court,

The fifth Division of the nineth Place, of the same breadth of fifty seven feet, upon one hundred and twenty of depth.

THis fifth Division of the nineth Place of fifty seven feet in breadth, upon one hundred and twenty in depth, consisteth likewise in two bodies of a build∣ing, the first on the Front, of twenty feet deep upon the whole breadth, the which is divided into a Stable of thirteen feet broad, in the corner of which is a Coach-house, behind which is the place for a bed. On the side of the Stable is the Gate for the Coach of nine feet broad, and a Kitchen of twenty three feet: at one of the corners of which, half within and half without the Work, is the stair-case, in the shape of a Vice or winding stair, having ten feet in square, and at one of the cor∣ners of the said stairs shall be the Privy. The Court shall have thirty nine feet in depth upon the whole breadth, and from the Court they shall ascend by six steps upon an open Gallery, which shall be separated into two by the stair-case situate in the middest, which shall be six∣teen feet in square, and in the middest of it is the Passage to enter into the Hall. Each part of the open galleries shall have nineteen feet broad upon seventeen deep.

The body of the building behind, joyning to the said open gallery, shall have twenty two feet deep, and consisteth in an Hall and a Chamber. The Hall shall have thirty six feet broad, and the Chamber twenty. And within the garden, at the two corners as well of the Hall as the Chamber, shall be advanced two Closets of twelve feet deep upon nine of breadth. The garden shall have the rest of the depth upon the whole breadth.

The second Story of the fifth Division of the nineth Place.

THe second Story of the body of the building in the Front consisteth in two Cham∣bers, a Wardrobe, and a Closet. The first over the Kitchen having the same breadth of twenty three feet upon fifteen and an half deep, by reason of the Stair-case and Passage. The second Chamber shall be twenty two feet broad, upon twen∣ty of depth. The Wardrobe shall be ten feet and an half broad, and the Closet ten feet in square.

The body of the building behind consisteth in two Chambers and a Wardrobe in the middest: the first being over the Hall shall have twenty two feet in square, the Wardrobe thirteen and an half of breadth upon seventeen and an half deep, by reason of the Passage of four feet, which is before. The other Chamber shall be twenty feet broad upon the whole depth. Each Chamber shall have its Closet jetting out upon the garden, as hath been said.

The Elevation of the Front towards the street of the body of the Building, on the fore side of the nineth Place, divided according to the fifth Manner.

THe Body of the Building in the Front hath the same surface or superficies with that of the Court, and shall have in height from the Floor under the Joysts twelve feet, and twelve feet nine inches comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty five steps, of six inches one part apiece, which will take one revolution or turning wholly, and a quarter of another.

The second Story shall have eleven feet under the Joysts, and eleven feet nine inches comprehending the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty five steps of five inches eight parts apiece.

The third Story shall have the like height and the like division of Steps.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets, like as aforesaid.

The Elevation of the Ʋpright to the Court to the body of the building behind, of the nineth Place, divided according to the nineth manner.

THe open Gallery shall be raised above the Level of the Court three feet, to which they shall ascend from the said Court by six steps of six inches apiece.

The Floor of the Body of the Building shall have the same Level with the open Gallery, and shall have in height fourteen feet under the Joysts, and with the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher fourteen feet nine inches, to which they shall ascend by twenty eight steps of six inches four parts apiece.

The second shall have of height thirteen feet under the Joysts, and thirteen feet nine inches containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to the which they shall ascend by an equal quantity of twenty eight steps, which therefore must have five inches eleven parts of height each of them.

The third story shall have in height ten feet under the joysts, and ten feet nine inches containing the thickness of the joysts and plancher, to which they may ascend by twenty four steps of five inches five parts high apiece.

Above may be Granaries.

[illustration] floor plan

The Ground-plot of the first Story,

[illustration] front elevation

The Front to the Street,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Front of the Cheife Building towards the Court,

The Division of the second Place, having seventy two feet of breadth, upon seventy four of depth.

THe depth of this Ground-plot is divided into a Court on the Front, and a bo∣dy of a building and a garden on the hinder part. At the two sides of the Court and of the body of the building shall be built a Stable with a Coach-house, and on the other side a Kitchen with a Buttery: each of them must have fifteen feet broad; and the depth of the Stable and of the Kitchen must be nineteen feet, the Coach-house and the Buttery eight. The Court shall be thirty nine feet broad upon twenty seven deep, from which they must ascend by twenty four steps to the body of the building, which hath twentie two feet deep upon the whole breadth of seventy two, and consisteth in a Hall and a Chamber, between which there must be placed the Stair-case. The Hall shall have in breadth thirty six feet, the stair-case ten, and the Chamber twentie three; and at the end, as well of the Hall as of the Chamber, shall be continued within the Garden two little Galleries, having each of them ten feet broad, upon the whole depth of the garden of twentie one feet. The which garden shall have fortie nine feet of breadth, and they must descend into it by the passage of the stair-case with two steps, and with two steps within the garden, which make the four steps whereby they ascended from the Court to the body of the building: the which is so done, that thereby a conveni∣ent raising might be allowed to the gate. The Privy shall be placed within the thickness of the wall, against the middle division of the stair-case.

The second Story of the Division of the tenth Place.

THis second Story containeth a Chamber over the Stable, and another over the Kit∣chen, having each of them fifteen feet broad upon twenty seven of depth. And as for the principal body of the building, it consisteth in two Chambers and a Ward∣robe; the first over the Hall shall have twenty four feet broad upon the whole depth of twenty two feet. The Wardrobe joyning to the said Chamber shall have twelve feet broad upon seventeen and an half of depth, by reason of the Passage of four feet which is on the Front. On the side of this Wardrobe shall be the Stair-case, and joyning unto that the Chamber, having the same breadth and depth with the first. And at the two ends of the two Chambers shall be two Closets, having the same breadth and depth with the galleries of the story below. You may make Chimnies in these Closets if you please.

The Elevation of the body of the building, of the tenth Place, as well in that which looketh toward the Court, as the two Wings over the Street.

THe Floor, as well of the Stable as of the Kitchen, shall be of the same Plumb-Line with the Court; and that of the Bo∣dy of the Building shall be raised two feet above the Floor or Level of the said Court, to which they shall ascend by four steps placed in the said Court.

The first Story shall have thirteen feet under the Joysts, and containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, thirteen feet nine inches; to which they shall ascend by thirty steps, of five inches and an half high apiece.

The second Story shall have twelve feet nine inches, containig the thick∣ness of the Joysts and Plancher; to which they shall ascend by twenty eight steps of the like height of five inches and an half.

The third Story shall have eleven feet nine inches, containing the thick∣ness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by twenty six steps of the like height of five inches and an half apiece.

Above may be Granaries.

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the first Story,

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the second Storie,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Division of the eleventh Place of seventy two feet of bredth, upon an hundred and twelve of depth, without the Garden.

THis Place may be divided according to the five ways of the ninth place by aug∣menting the part as well in bredth as in depth, according as it may be found most convenient, and further also according to the Manner that followeth.

It must have two bodies of a Building, the one upon the Front, the other upon the Rear, with a Gallerie, which must joine the one to the other, and the Court in the middle.

The bodie of the Building on the Front must have twentie feet of depth, and its bredth must be divided into a Stable of eighteen feet, a stair-case of nine, a Coach-house of eleven feet, a gate for a Coach of nine, another Coach-house of eight feet, and another Stable of eleven feet and an half.

Next unto the first Stable on the left hand there must be another bodie of a Building, which must joine before unto that behinde, upon the same bredth of the Stable of eighteen feet, the which must be divided into two Chambers, whereof each must joine to its bodie of the building, and that which must joine to the stable must have eighteen feet in square, and that which must joine to the bodie of the Building on the back-part, must have twentie four feet of depth, upon the bredth of eighteen. The two Wardrobes must be between the Chambers of eleven feet of depth each one. The Court must have fiftie two feet of bredth, upon fourtie eight of depth.

Next unto the Court, and before the principal bodie of the Building, must be an open gal∣lerie of fifteen feet of depth, upon the whole bredth of the Court; and next unto the gal∣lerie must be the principal bodie of the Building of twentie two feet of depth, upon the whole bredth of threescore and twelve feet: the which is divided into an Hall upon the left hand, a stair-case, and a Chamber. The Hall must have thirty eight feet and an half of bredth, the stairs twelve, and the Chamber eighteen feet and an half, and under the princi∣pal bodie of the building, may be a Vault or Sellar, whereof the height must be the one half under the level of the Court, and the other half above it.

The second Story of the eleventh Place, according to the precedent Division.

THe second storie of the body of the building on the front, consisteth in a Chamber upon the first stable, a stair-case, and two other chambers; the first must have eighteen feet in bredth, the second and third twentie feet in square. Next to the first Chamber is a Gallerie, having sixty four feet of depth upon eighteen of bredth.

The second story of the principal body of the building consisteth in a Closet and a Cham∣ber over the Hall, a stair-case, and another chamber. The Closet shall have sixteen Feet and an half of bredth, upon the whole depth of twenty two feet: The Chamber shall have twenty two Feet in square, and the other Chamber eighteen feet and an half of bredth.

The Elevation of the body of the Building on the Front of the eleventh Place, which looketh towards the street.

THe floor of the bodie of the Building on the Front, and of the first Chamber and Wardrobe thereof on the left hand, must be of the same level with the Court: and must have of height eighteen feet and an half under the Joysts, the which must be separated by an Enter-Girder in all the Rooms or Apart∣ments, which must be on the left hand of the Gate. The height from the floor under the Joysts of the Enter-girder must have ten feet, and containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher ten feet nine inches, to the which they must ascend by twentie one steps of six inches and two parts each of them, and from the floor of the Enter-girder to under the Joists of the first storie, there must be seven feet nine inches; and containing the thickness of the Joists and Plancher eight feet and an half; unto which they must ascend by seventeen steps of six inches of height each of them.

The second storie must have twelve feet under the Joists, and containing the thickness of the Joists and Plancher, twelve feet nine inches, to the which they must ascend by twentie four steps, which must have of height six inches four parts and an half each of them.

Above may be garners or chambers in Garrets, from nine to ten feet under the Joists.

The Elevation of the principal body of the building, of the eleventh Place, on the Front next the Court.

THe open gallerie must be raised above the level of the Court two feet, as also the Chamber and Wardrobe joyning thereto; to the which they must ascend from the Court by four steps; and the floor of the bodie of the principal building must be raised above that of the gallerie two feet and an half, to which they must ascend by five steps of six inches each of them▪ so that the floor of the bodie of the building must be raised above that of the Court four Feet and an half, whereof are nine inches for the thickness of the Joists and Plancher; so there will remain under the Plancher three feet nine inches; But we do allow nine feet of height under the joists to the Offices or Sellars; it will remain then to take under the floor of the Court five feet three inches, and we must have to descend nine feet nine inches. The which will be convenientlie made by nineteen steps of six inches and two parts each of them, whereof five shall be taken within the passage for to go to the garden, the which shall serve to allow to the gate of the garden a convenient raising, the o∣ther fourteen shall be taken under the Turning-stairs on the right hand. They shall descend into the garden by four steps to come back to the Floor of the Court.

The first storie shall have of height from the Floor to the bottom of the Joysts fourteen feet, and containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher fourteen feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by twentie eight steps of six inches and four parts apiece.

The second storie shall have thirteen feet nine inches containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by the same quantitie of twentie eight steps, of five inches and eleven parts high apiece.

The third storie shall have eleven feet under the Joysts.

Above may be Granaries.

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the first Story,

[illustration] floor plan

The Groundplot of the second Story,

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Division of the twelveth Place, which is a double Pavillion, having of breadth seventy feet, upon thirty six of depth,

THis Pavilion consisteth in a Chamber upon the left hand, a Stair-case, and Hall, ha∣ving the Prospect of three sides, a Portal behind the Stair-case, and Wardrobe joyning to the Chamber, the which Chamber shall have twenty two feet in square; the Stairs shall have in breadth twenty two feet upon nineteen of depth, in the midst of which is a Passage of six feet, the hall shall have twenty two feet of bredth, upon the whole depth of thirty six, the Portall shall have the same bredth with the stairs upon eighteen feet of depth, and the Wardrobe thirteen feet and an half of depth, upon the whole bredth of the Chamber.

The second and third story shall be like to the first, except that over the Hall, there shall be made a Wardrobe of the same depth with that below, and above the Portall shall be made Chambers.

For the heights, the floor of the body of the Building, shall be raised three feet above the level of the ground without, to which they shall ascend by six steps, as well before as behinde: and shall have from the floor to under the Joysts fourteen feet, and containing the Joysts and Plancher fourteen feet nine inches, to the which they shall ascend by thirty steps, of five inches eleven parts each of them.

The second story shall have thirteen feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plan∣cher, to the which they shall ascend by the like quantitie of thirty steps, of five inches and an half each of them.

The third story shall have twelve feet under the Joysts.

The Division of the thirteenth Place, of an hundred and one feet of breadth, upon forty five of depth, which is a body of a building between two Pavillions.

THis Body consisteth between two Pavillions on the two sides, and an Hall in the middest. Each Pavillion divided into a Chamber on the back part, a Wardrobe and Staircase on the Front. The Wardrobe shall have thirteen feet of breadth upon twenty of depth; the Stairs ten feet of breadth upon the said depth of twenty feet; the Chamber shall have twenty four feet in square; the Hall shall have forty eight feet of breadth upon twenty four of depth, and before the Hall shall be an open Gallery of fourteen feet deep upon the whole breadth of the Hall, which is forty eight feet. Underneath both the Pavillions and the Hall shall be Vaults or Cellars.

The second Story shall differ in nothing from the first, except that over the Hall you may make two Chambers and a Wardrobe, as you shall find it most convenient.

For the heights, the Floor of the Vaults shall be the Plumb Line even with that without, into which they shall enter upon even ground under the open Gallery, and shall have in height under the Joysts nine feet, and thereby the Floor of the Body of the Building shall be raised above the surface of the Street nine feet nine inches, to which they shall ascend from without by a round Stair-case, which is on the Fron•• of the Gallery, and shall have on each side seventeen steps, of six inches and two parts apiece, for to come to the Floor of the Gallery, from which they shall ascend still by two steps of the like height, as well to enter into the Hall, as to the two Stair-cases; and these nineteen Steps will make just the nineteen fee•• nine inches. And from the Cellars or Vaults they shall ascend under covert to the two Stair-cases of the Pavilions, by seventeen steps of six inches and eleven parts high apiece.

The first Story shall have of height fourteen feet nine inches containing thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by the two turning Stairs, by thirty three steps of five inches and four parts apiece. Above the Hall shall be Chambers, which shall be from ten to eleven feet high.

The second Story of the Pavillions shall have thirteen feet nine inches, containing the thickness of the Joysts and Plancher, to which they shall ascend by the same quantity of thirty three steps of five inches high apiece.

Above may be Granaries or Chambers in Garrets.

A Description of the manner of framing the Timber-work Buildings, with the Names of the particular Members. Also Directions and Examples for the Placing of them.

HAving hitherto largely discoursed of Buildings of Masons and Brick-layers-work, it seem∣eth also fitting for us to discourse likewise of Carpenters and Plaisterers work, which may serve for the Places where such Building commonly is made, and for other also in the which one may be compell'd thereto, in respect of the small space that one may have. The Carpenters Work then of a Building shall be set upon the Masons or Bricklayers work, a∣bout two feet or two and an half of height, above the level of the street, for to hinder the putrifying of the first mortering, the which shall be placed upon the stone or brick-work, with an inch or an inch and an half of setting off with this observation, in respect of the Masonry, to set out with free-stone, or hard grey stone, or the like, the Places where Gates close together. The Summers shall be joyned to∣gether upon the ends of the chief Posts which divide the rooms, with half an inch of in-bearing, and it is good, that these chief Posts have in thickness and bredth the double of others. Upon these chief Posts shall meet the second, third and fourth Summers, whereof the second and third are placed about the Planchers, and within these Summers the Posts, as well of the doors work as the Cross-bars of Windows shall meet by Tenons and Mortaises, as the Pieces and Posts that fill up shall be in the midst, together with the parts of Braces: and within the Posts of the Crosses shall meet that which upholds underneath, and the head-pieces above, and underneath the said Crosses shall meet by Tenons and Mor∣taises, at the Summer and prop of the Cross-bars, the small Posts and quarters, and above the said Cros∣ses, do joyn by Tenons and Mortaises, at the Summer and lintel of the Cross, three small posts or cross rafters. Now the spaces which are between may be filled up three several ways, that is, with single bars and a post in the midst, or else with cross-braces and posts by the side, the third with little bars and posts on the side: And above the door-works shall meet three small posts within the Summer, and above the Boarding shall be made a small Pinacle of Timber-work for covering of the Tyles or Slate, accord∣ing to the Manner set forth hereafter, the which Pinacle shall be made by the means of two rafters and Spars above, the which rafters shall meet below within the Summer of the Boarding, and above within the King Post, and within the said rafters shall be fixt with Tenons and Mortaise upon the middle of the King Post. Within the which wedge, and within the Summer below shall meet the Posts of the Crosses, and the spaces filled so as hath bin said, and above the said Wedge there shall meet two Coun∣ter-fixt pieces with the Posts that fill up; and before the Kings Post, or small Pinacle and pannell of wood shall be made a round Shutter, bearing out about two feet or two feet and an half, born up below upon the raising-piece, and three stayes with three Cattoozes underneath.

And in case that one would make the spout on the side of the pannel of wood, one may do it, but in stead of the filling up that between the Crosses, there will be need to adde thereto posts of cloven-wood or shingles, by the means of which they may change their Beams in their situation, making them to be born upon the said posts, having Cattoozes for the straight bearing up of the said Beams for the inside, by Tenons and Mortaises, and an under-Top above about the midst of the King Post, likewise meeting in the said King Post with two quarters by Tenons and Mortaises, and within the said King Post under∣neath the under-top shall the Bands meet together cut into two about the place of the said under-Top, the which shall be bound as well with the said King Post, as the Top and under-Top by Tenons and Mortaises, and they shall be so spaced above, that they shall divide the Top into three parts; and the one of those three parts being again divided into two, we must allow three of the like to the space from be∣low the Top unto the end of the Band. And in case that the Band and under-Top may happen to be confounded together in the King-post, we must take the joyning of the Band and King-post lower, at the discretion of the Workman, so that we do not weaken the body of the King-post. And the Tops shall be bound the one to the other, by the means of long joynts with notches, right with the King-Post, and pinn'd with pins of wood, and the under-Top-pieces, Bands and King-Post, shall be fastned with two moldings which encompass the King-Post, under-Tops and Bands at the place of their Meetings. These moldings shall be pinn'd the one with the other, and to the under-Top by pins of wood, crossing over from part to part, and the rafters must be spaced upon the tops and gutter-pieces from two feet to two feet, if the rafters are of a good bigness, or of sixteen inches, if they be weak; for by this means the lath, which is commonly four feet in length, shall bear upon three rafters from two to two feet, and upon four from sixteen to sixteen inches. Here is what may be said, as well concerning the Compass-rafters, as the Top of the Common-Coverings, according to the first Manner, but the whole may be seen more distinctly in the designs then can be expressed in words.

[illustration] architectural diagram

The Ground plot of the first Storie,

[illustration] architectural diagram

[illustration] architectural diagram

• 1 The Summers
• 2 The great Posts
• 3 The Window Posts
• 4 The smal Quarters
• 5 The Cross Braseis
• 6 The single Braceis
• 7 The Quarters & Braceis
• 8 The Doore Posts
• 9 The Doore & Window heads
• 10 The smal bearing Blocks
• 11 The Braceis and Quarters
• 12 The Coller Beame
• 13 The Counterfixt pieces
• 14 The Compass rafters
• 15 The Raising pieces
• 16 The Stayes
• 17 The Cattoozes

[illustration] architectural diagram

The manner of framing the Roofs which are made for the Covering, and first of those in which there is a Raising of the Boarding above the last Plancher or Floor, as when Chambers are made in Garrets.

HAving hitherto discoursed of the Order, Measure, and Framing of Buildings, of Masons work, Bricklayers, and Carpenters, from the Foundation unto the Board∣ing; it remaineth for us to speak of the Coverings or Roofs, which ought to sustain them. Now these Coverings must be either of Tiling or Slate; which are the most common and usual Materials. The Tiling, that it may be conveniently upheld, hath no need that the Triangle of its Roof have an equal elevation with that of the Slate; but it is sufficient that when its Basis (that is to say, the breadth of the whole Building) shall contain eight parts, the two sides, which meet at the top, may have seven apiece. The Roofs, which are made for Slate, must have more elevation, both in respect of the wind, which would carry away the said Slate, as for the return of the wa∣ter, which rots it. Some are content with the Equilateral Triangle for the shape of the Roof for slate; Others having the wood at Command do raise it yet more, to wit, in such manner, that when the Basis, which is always the bredth of the bulk of the Building containeth eight parts, the two sides which meet at the Top contain each of them nine. Now whether you make your Covering of Tyle or Slate, you may use indifferently the following fashions, there being no difference between the one and the other, but that which the framing of the Triangles of their Roofs doth cause, and such Coverings, as well of Tyles, as of Slate, are made either with raising of the Boarding above the last Plancher, or without the Raising: if it be with raising up, such work may be made yet in two manners, that is to say, between two small Pinacles, or with a Top, and each of these is varied still in two sorts, the first with the kneel∣ing Rafters, the second with the Platform. According to the first manner the kneeling Rafters are pla∣ced upon the bearings of the Beams, which are the ends of them which bear upon the body of the walls; and it sufficeth that there be between four and five inches from the end of the beam unto the outside of the wall, and the said kneeling Rafters meet within the beams with Tenons and Mortaises. And it must be observed, that the said kneeling Rafters must be kept as streight as can be made, to the end that the in∣side of that place be not hurt thereby, having also regard that we keep them not so streight that they may hinder the Covering. The kneeling Rafters do uphold the Choler-beams, to which these are joyned like∣wise with Tenons and Mortaises, and bound above also with Struts meeting together with Tenons and Mortaises, in such manner as for two parts taken within the Choler there be three taken in the kneeling Rafters; and upon this beam may be also made a later Plancher. Above this beam, and at the ends of it do meet also two kneeling Rafters by Tenons and Mortaises, as well within the Choler, as within the top of the King-post, of which the bottom beareth streight upon the middest of the Choler. This King-post shall be set out with Embosses both above and below, and at the ends of the Counter-fixt pieces and bands. These kneeling Rafters are also bound to the King-post with little Struts, bearing right upon it; and they meet as well with the Choler as with the kneeling rafters with Tenons and Mortaises. And within the King-post and the kneeling Rafters are also the Counter-fixt pieces meeting by Tenons and Mortaises: and the Counter-fixt pieces are joyned to the kneeling Rafters just even with the Gut∣ter-pieces, which Gutter-pieces are upheld with pieces pinned fast with pins of wood; and those pieces are also sustained by Brackets, indented about an inch, or three fourths of an inch below within the bo∣dy of the kneeling Rafters, coming to decay to nothing above or under the knob. And there shall be placed two other Gutter-pieces upon the heads of the said Chollers, and at the ends of the said kneeling Rafters, and upon the said Gutter-pieces, as well above as below the rafters shall be placed, which shall meet the one with the other, with Tenons and Mortaises above, and be indented within the outward ridge of the said top-piece within an inch, and shall be placed below upon the Boarding, within an inch or an inch and an half inward upon the thickness of the wall, to take without, except the Projector. And the said rafters shall be pierced, or otherwise fastened and pinned with pins of wood, over-thwart the bodies of the said Gutter-pieces; and upon the feet of the said rafters shall be set small Spars nailed upon the said rafters, and where the bottom shall bear unto the edges of the Projecture of the Boarding, to the end to cast back the water behind the walls. All that is above is for the description and ordering of the fer∣mers. There remaineth to discourse of the upper pieces, which are from quarter to quarter; for the framing of which the top doth meet within the end above of the King-post.

The second manner, which is made with the Elevation and Plat-form, is framed thus: upon the two ends of the walls are placed two Summers, in such manner that not any part of them bear amiss. They shall be joyned the one to the other by Mortis and Tenant upon their whole length, with a space between them from six to six feet. Upon these Summ••rs are Planks with blocks or pieces to hold fast, and a tail

of Iron fastned within them, about an inch or an inch and an half, so that the upper part of the said rai∣sing-peece come even: and above the ends of the raising-pieces shall be placed the chief rafters, and meet together by Tenons and Mortaises within the said raising-peeces, and above within the Body of the King Post: and upon the ends of the raising-peeces within, shall be born small legs or peers, meeting with Tenons and Mortaises, and at the height that you would allow to the story in the Garrets shall be drawn a Beam, from one rafter to another, meeting with Tenons and Mortaises, and bound below by Struts, having space between, even as we have said of the Braces, and above the small legs or peers, and in the midst of the Beam shall be the King-Post placed, whereof we have spoken heretofore, with Te∣nons and Mortaises, and pins of Iron under the Beam, if need be, and about the midst of the said long piece, shall meet another small Beam of two pieces by Tenons and Mortaises, joyned and upheld by Struts as the foregoing. That which above is the description of the chief rafter. Now the small raf∣ters which are between the chief rafters, are called the filling up Fermes, and have space between them from two to two feet, from midst to midst, and are set out with equal parts to the chief rafters, and like∣wise placed besides the King-Post, and that the Beams nor the rafters are not so thick. That which is said above in respect of the rafters or sides, as well the chief, as the fillers up. It remaineth to speak of the Top-pieces, which are framed by Tops meeting together above within the heads of the King-Post, and two Mortaises and tenant, the one below, the other above, carried upon the even Beams, and meet∣ing by the two ends, within the bodies of the said King-Post. And within the Top being between two King-posts, do meet together above two Bands, cut into two, the which below do meet with Tenons and Mortaises, as well at the Mortis and tenant, as at the body of the said King-post, and as concerning the ridges, there shall be made an half ferm, or side-post within the midst, in like manner as unto the foregoing chief rafters, except that it shall be a little more stiffe or strong, and of the one side and the other of the said half ferme, there shall be in spaces, other half-fermes, or fillers up, or pannels from two feet to two feet, or from sixteen to sixteen inches, from midst to midst, whereof the Branchings shall meet with Tenons and Mortaises within the body of the Struts, and within the pannels or small rafters; the which order shall also be kept on the side of the long pannel from the outward ridge unto the meeting of the chief rafters. And within the raising-peece, which is in the Angle athwart upon the Platform, is the outward ridge-meeting, whereof the Top is joyned to the opening within the ridg of the King-post a∣bove, and this ridge doth meet below with one small leg or piece, within the said raising-peece, and within the body of the said ridge, as also within the Bracers near to the King-Post, shall meet by Tenons and Mortaises two Struts, the one below, and the other above, and there shall meet two great Stays or Es∣seliers within the said girder and the outward ridg, so that the little Stays which shall reach thither, may meet together within. In like manner also shall meet the pannels, as well within the raising-piece, as within the out-ridge, as also the peers, the whole with Tenons and Mortaises, with space, as is said from two to two feet, or from sixteen to sixteen inches. Here is that, we judged needful to be said for the places, where there is elevation of the Boarding above the last Plancher. It remains to speak of those, where there is no elevation, which may also be framed by the second Manner, which we are about to set forth, and by the third and fourth following.

The third Manner hath very much resemblance with the first, except that in stead of the Ashlins and of the Rafters applied above them, there are none but single Rafters, continuing from the bottom to the Top, and which bear upon the Beams, and upon the body of the walls below, and within the King-post a∣bove. The which King-post descends even unto the midst of the Beam, to the which it is joined with Tenons and Mortaises, and in case that the Beam hath a great Bearing, one may also binde the King-post with the same, with plates and pins of iron, so that the rafters be well joined together within the body of the King-post, with the ends. But if the Beam hath not a great bearing, one may make the Beam of one piece, and cut the King-post above the same, which shall meet with the said Beam, with Tenons and Mortaises, and by this means the Garrets shall be freed from the inconveniency of the King-post.

The fourth manner is not much unlike to the second, except that the King-post descendeth upon the midst of the Beam, and that the Boarding hath not any elevation upon the last Plancher or Floor: and besides this, that there are Enterlaces over the bredth of the sides, upon the ends of the great Beams, the King-post is joined with the Beam by Tenons and Mortaises. And if it chance that the Beam hath a long bearing, one may support it with the King-post, with plates and pins of iron: but if the Beam hath no great Bearing, they may make it of one piece, and within it the King-post shall meet, without any need to continue it lower.

There remaineth yet two other manner of small roofs, for to cover the passages, stairs, gal∣leries, and other conveniences, whereof the first is made with small fermes, and single fermes, The small fermes or rafters joined are composed of two spars or rafters, a King-post in the midst, and a Beam or small piece indented within another, the two rafters meeting together above within the head of the King-post, by Tenons and Mortaises, and born below upon the Summers, if they be of Board, or upon the Platform of it if it be Masons work. The

Beam meeteth in the rafters, and in the King-post by Tenons and Mortaises. The single Roofs are composed of two Rafters coupled above with Tenon and Mortaise, and with a Beam made of two pieces, meeting within the rafters, and within the bodie of the cross-quarter, which goeth from one quarter to the other, and shall bear up the rafters be∣low, upon the Summers or upon the Platforms, as hath bin said.

The single fermes or quarters, must have space between from two feet to two feet, or from sixteen inches to sixteen inches. The top-piece, or cross-bar on high between the two small quarters, must be upheld by two bands meeting together, as well within the piece of the top or upper part, as within the Bodie of the King-post by Tenons and Mortaises, unto the which we may joine an overthwart rafter, or cross-brace through the midst, if the bearing be o∣ver-long. The Top must be composed of a Beam on the top, meeting within the great beam of the ferme, and within the rafter of the top, and with two braces likewise meeting within the said wedges, within the which braces must meet two rafters, the which likewise shall go to meet within the outside ridges. And within the rafters must meet also small wedges, ha∣ving space between them from sixteen to sixteen inches, or from two to two feet, as hath bin said, and they must come again to meet within the pannels, and the said pannels shall meet below within the Summers or Platforms, and above within the out-side ridges.

The other Manner of small roof is that which they call a Pent-house, the which is com∣posed of an half ferme, which consisteth in a Closer or Tirant, born within the two bodges of the wall, upon the which Tirant or Closer is made to meet the great King-post, upon the length of the great wall, and within the Tirant or Closer, there meets a Strut, or bearer upheld by its middle with a Counter-fixt piece, likewise meeting as well in the said Strut as in the body of the King-post. At the end of the Counter-fixt piece, and above the strut must be placed a pannel or piece sustaining a gutter, upheld by Tasseau and a bracket, and between the two half fermes shall be the top or upper-piece, composed of a piece of wood; meeting, and born upon the heads of the King-Post by tenons and mortaises, and upheld be∣low by bands. And upon the upper-piece the pannel, summer or platform, the rafters shall be placed, having spaced between each, from two to two feet, or from sixteen to sixteen inches, and the said rafters shall be pierced and fastned with pins of wood, as well upon the gutter-props as the upper-piece, and below the said rafters shall be applied rafters feet, nailed upon the said rafters.

FINIS.