CHAP. XII.
Vers. 1. NOw these are the kings of the land which the children of Israel smote, &c.] In this chapter there are briefly presented as it were in a table or map, the severall countreyes and kings vanquished by Moses, Joshua, and the Israe∣lites, that beholding them all thus joyntly together, we might be the more affected with the consideration of Gods goodnesse and faithfulnesse towards his people.
From the river Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the plain on the east.] This was the length of the countrey on the outside of Jordan; it reached from the river Arnon, where it ran into the dead sea, unto mount Hermon.
Vers. 2. And from half Gilead, unto the river Jabbok, &c.] For the o∣ther half of Gilead was possessed by Og, as we may see, vers. 5. See the note also upon Num. 32.40.
Vers. 9. The king of Ai, which is beside Bethel, one.] This clause which is added concerning the city of Ai, that it was nigh unto Bethel, is to distinguish it from another city of the same name in the countrey of the Amorites, whereof the prophet Jeremy speaks, Jer. 49.3. Howl O Hesbon, for Ai is spoyled.
Vers. 23. The king of the nations of Gilgal, one.] This cannot be that Gilgal where the Israelites pitched their tents immediately after they had passed over Jordan: for there was no city that had a king reigning in it, and therefore it is pro∣bably conjectured by many Expositours, that this was some city of that name in that part of the land of Canaan which was called Galilee, yea and Galilee of nations, Esa. 9.1. as this Gilgal is here called Gilgal of nations; to wit, because the inhabi∣tants of this place were a mixt people of severall nations, or because being a place of great trading, many severall nations resorted thither for commerce, and so conti∣nued there often for many years together. Some are of opinion, that Tidal Gen. 14.1. who was one of those kings that fought against Sodome, was king of this countrey.