The idea of practical physick in twelve books ... / written in Latin by John Johnston ... ; and Englished by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ... and W.R.

THE TENTH BOOK OF THE IDEA OF PRACTICAL PHYSICK. (Book 10)

Concerning the Diseases of the lower Belly. (Book 10)

Title, I. Of the Affects of the Gullet.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the Gullet.

THe Diseases of the lower ven∣ter comprehend under them the affects of the Gullet, sto∣mach, Guts, Anus, Mesen∣tery, Liver, Spleen, Kid∣neys, Bladder, Genital Parts in Men and Women, the Navel, and Belly.

The Diseases of the Gullet are, Distemper, Tumor, Straitness, Wounds and Ʋlcers.

Article, I. Of the Distemper and Tumor of the Gullet.

1. The Distemper of the Gullet is a recessi∣on of it from its Native to a preternatural Temper: its known, by the swallowing being hurt. 'Tis divided into a hot one, which hap∣pens from without, from fumes, pouders, &c. from within; from Vapors in burning Fea∣vers, a hot and dry Distemper of the Womb; and then there is perceived a Redness and Roughness on the Tongue, with thirst, which is cured by cooling means & somwhat clensing. 2. into a cold one, which either proceeds from too cold drink, or otherwise, and is taken away by things that heat. 3. Into a moist one, which issues from the Defluxions of catarrhes, Salivation, &c. and Causeth a Relaxation of the Gullet, so that the lower part of it, and the upper mouth of the Stomach lie open. 4. Into a dry one, which ariseth from dry things and Causeth Roughness, and is Cured by suppings of Chicken Broth, or fresh but∣ter.

II. A Tumor of the Gullet, is its excess in its Magnitude. 'Tis known by the pain in swallowing, most of al in the hinder part and back; by the stoppage in swallowing, so that

if a great bit be to be swallowed, somtimes the drink runs through the Nose; it proceeds from the same Causes, from which we said Tumors in general did arise. 'Tis often hard to cure, because it endangers Suffocation, but after the same manner as other tumors, viz. In the begin∣ning by replling means, in the Augment by ex∣ternal and internal resolvers, in the state by dis∣cusives; let vomits be avoided for fear of suffoca∣tion, unless when tis come to suppuration that the Tumor ought to be broke. 'Tis divided.

• I. Into a hot one, with which is Joynd a Fea∣ver, great thirst, pain, in the Cure of which bleeding takes place: and into a cold one, in which the pain is less, and in the Cure of which the repellers ought to be gentle, the resolvers and discussives stronger.
• II. Into that which possesses the upper part of the Gullet, and then meat cannot go down, and into that which infects the lower part, and then the Meat after it hath descended a little way stops there.

Article, II. Of the Straitness, wounds, and Ʋlcers of the Gullet.

I. The Straitness of the Gullet is when its Passage is Contracted: 'tis known by this, that liquids are easier swallowed than solid things. 'Tis divided according to its Causes, for one is from external Causes, as from astrin∣gent medicines, or some things swallowed; and then the business is known from the stan∣ders by, or the Patient himself: it must be cast up by vomiting or Coughing; or furthered by moistning and Emollient means applied out∣wardly and inwardly; or be thrust down with a Spunge Dipt in Oyl of sweet Almonds, or taken out with that excellent Instrument of Fabricius Hildanus. Another Cause is from a Tumor, Worms ascending out of the Stomach and Guts; from Scorbutical, and Hypochondriacal Vapors distending the Gul∣let, and compressing the rough Artery; from the Luxation of the Vertebrae of the Neck and back, which may be seen in their proper place. Another is from thick Flegm, kurdled milke, &c. Sticking in it, where Oxymel of squils and vomits takes place.

II. The Wounds of the Gullet in respect of their Causes are twofold, for either they are Caused by a weapon, and then the situation of the wound shows it, if vomiting happen, som∣what is cast forth through it, and tis hardly Cured: Or from some smal bones swallowed, and then tis easily manifest. Medicines that are grateful to the Stomach ought to be admi∣nistred.

III. An Ulcer of the Gullet is known by the pain, when some sharp, sour, or Salt thing is swallowed though in little quantity, by its biting, and by the casting up of matter. 'Tis hard to be Cured because the parts wil scarce grow together in a Membranous body. It hath its Differences from the Causes, for one is from external corroding things, as Aqua Fortis, mercury Sublimate; and then we must work with Lenient Vomits, and such as are clammy, as the Mucilage of quince Seeds, Fat broths; Another is from a wound, Tumors, im∣posthums, another from the casting up of sharp Humors, &c.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes of the Gullet.

AMongst the Symptomes of the Gullet, the Principal one is the hurt of swallowing, which is twofold: for one is by Reason of the resolution of the Gullet, the faculty being hurt, by Reason of the Resolution of the Nerves of the sixth or seventh Conjugation; its known by this, that solid things are easier swallowed than liquids, as being thrust down with less labor, for these require a greater force, to make them yeeld to the impulsive Body. It ariseth either from a Defluxion, and then there is felt a heaviness in the Head, a distension of the Neck, and the Rheum it self; or from some other Disease, tis dangerous, and ought to be cured by Medicines good against Palsies: the Second is by Reason of Convulsions, which ariseth also from a wound, and tis most dange∣ous in old people. There is another from the affects of the part, of which we have treated formerly.

Title, II. Of the affects of the Stomach.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the Stomach.

THe Affects of the Stomach are either dis∣eases, or Symptoms; to those belong di∣stempers, Tumors, wounds and Ʋlcers, the other see hereafter.

Article, I. Of the Distemper of the Sto∣mach in general.

The Distemper of the Stomach is a preter∣natural constitution of its similar Parts in the first qualities.

The SIGNS of that are the hurt appetite and concoction, a change in the Excrements, a heaviness in the Stomach, and waving of it, and distillations from the Head which most com∣monly happen.

The CAUSE is whatsoever can Internally or Externally alter it. The CURE is per∣formed,

• I. By the alteration of the distemper by contraries, then the Medicines ought to be grateful to the Stomach, rather solid than li∣quid, rather meats that are Medicinal than exact Medecines, mixt with astringent things that the Stomach be not Relaxed, not sharp, Salt, corroding, lest they offend the mouth of the Stomach: if the Medicines be external, they must be applied to the sword-like Cartilage to∣wards the Navel, and upon the back to the twelfth and thirteenth Vertebrae.
• II. By taking away the Causes both External and Internal.
• III. By Strengthening the Sto∣mach, where appropriate Medicines take place, as the Magistral of red Coral, the inward Coat of a Hens maw, &c.

'Tis divided into a distemper without or with matter, of which in the following Arti∣cles.

Article, II. Of the Distemper of the Sto∣mach without matter.

A Distemper of the Stomach without mat∣ter, is a preternatural disposition of the simi∣lar Parts of the Stomach in its qualities, pro∣duced by external and Internal Causes with∣out the presence of any Humor.

Its SIGNS and Causes shal be explained in the differences, the Cure relies only on al∣teration, and removing the Causes.

'Tis divided according to the qualities.

I. One is Hot, which is known from the want of appetite to meat, indorous Belchings, clamminess of Spittle, dryness of the jaws and Tongue; it ariseth externally from the six non Natural things encreasing its heat; internally from internal Diseases, burning Feavers, In∣flamation of the Liver, Spleen, &c. 'Tis Cured,

• 1. With cooling things, but lightly and not too long applied.
• 2. With cooling Diet where Barley Water takes place, and Emulsions of the four greater cold seeds.

II. Another is cold, which it known from the greatness of appetite, unless it be too cold, by sour belchings, if neither much nor cold meats have been eaten, nor flegm do abound, by wind and two much spitting. It ariseth ex∣ternally from the six non Natural things, inter∣nally from the parts incumbent, as the Liver, Spleen, and Muscls of the Belly which induce a coldness. 'Tis Cured,

• 1. By appropriate heaters, but not too much, inwardly and outwardly moist, lest driness be caused.
• 2. By Diet, where Wormwood Wine takes place; it is distinguished into a positive, of which we have now treated, and a privative, which is conjoin∣ed with driness.

It ariseth from the defect of innate heat which is Caused by things that heat too much, as the frequent use of Wine, the want of nourishment, the heat and driness of the incumbent Parts, as of the Liver, of the muscles of the Belly, and the Cal.

III. Another moist, which is known by want of thirst, by abundance of spittle, &c. it ariseth from external Causes inducing moi∣sture, it is Cured.

• 1. With dryers without eminent heat or cold, as are the ashes of Hens Guts, of Swallows, burnt harts horn, red Coral, troschiskes of Vipers, Galangal, burnt Salt.
• 2. By a contrary Diet.

IV. Another dry, which is known by the extenuation and Contraction of the Region of the Stomach, which is accompanied with a slenderness of the whol body. It ariseth ex∣ternally from a drying Diet, too much emp∣tying and fumes of mettals; internally from the dryness of the incumbent parts. The cure is the more difficult, because with the Feaver∣ish heat it induceth a consumption; if vomiting happen it argues a great want of innate heat; the Cure is performed.

• 1. By moistening which is best of al accomplisht by nourishments that are medicinal,
• 2. by Diet, where Milk takes place, beginning with a smal dose, new layed Eggs, Almonds, Raisons, Pine Nuts, &c.

There is another compound, the Nature of which may be collected from the simple: those that labor of a hot and dry distemper, have lit∣tle blood, unfit for nourishment, are lean, bound in body, with Veins eminent, subject to the dry Scab.

Article. III. Of the distemper of the sto∣mach with matter.

A distemper of the stomach with matter is, when the stomach fals from its temper by rea∣son of some humor either generated there, or falling thither from some other place.

The Signs and causes are put in the difiniti∣on: in the differences they shal be more largely Explained.

The CURE is finisht.

• 1. By the alterati∣on and evacuation of the peccant humor.
• 2. By strengthning of the part by appropriate external meats. Looke into the differen∣ces.

The Differences of this Distemper are Di∣vers.

One is from the matter generated in the sto∣mach; then the symptoms appeare continu∣ally; the whole body and al the members are sound. It is cured by emptying of the matter, which is comodiously done by medicines of aloes, hiera picra, mechoacan; and by cor∣roborating the part. Another is from matter falling from another part, then that part which was periodically affected, is no longer trou∣bled; some accustomary evacuation is supprest: or the usual diet hath bin changed, or some∣what stops in the whole body, or in some par∣ticular part. The symptomes are more re∣misse. For the cure we must have respect to the parts that send the matter.

II. Another is from the matter sticking in the cavety of the stomach, then there is a waving or nauseousness which is attended with vomitinge or a loosness. Another from the matter impact∣ed in the coates of the stomach, then there is a nauseousness without vomiting, oftentimes with the hickops.

III. There is another chollerick, viz. hot and dry, which besides the former signes is dis∣covered by nauseousness, bitterness of the mouth, with a certain sence of knawing, and sometimes by chollerick vomitings. It ariseth from choller, either sent thither from the blad∣der of gal, or generated there from corrupt meats. 'Tis cured.

• 1. By dyet, wherein chicken broath seasoned with lettice and en∣dive doth excel.
• 2. By emptying of the mat∣ter, both by vomits made of the pouder of the down or flower of walnuts dryed in the smoak and given a dram weight in honey and water; and purgers compounded of hiera picra.
• 3. By alteration and coolers and moisteners, a∣mongst which do excel succory and violet wa∣ter, syrup of pomegranates, of coral of Querce∣tan, of strawberries, currans; tincture of ro∣ses, let••••ce and succory condite, &c.

IV. There is another flegmatick, to wit cold & moist, which is known, both by the signs for∣merly reckoned up, and by a sence of heavi∣ness in the stomach especially some hours after meat, by a waving & sowr belching, it proceeds from thin or thick flegm, tis cured.

• 1. By emp∣tyers both by vomit, to which in thick flegm we ought to premise things incisive given in a solid form (amongst which excels diatrion pipereon, diacalaminth, the essence of balme, penny∣royal, &c.) and by purging; so that the purges be administred either alone, or mixt with preparatives. The vomiters are, viz. of salt of vitriol given in broth, oxymel with the de∣coction of radish, Heurnius his vomiter of hel∣lebor.
• 2. By strengtheners, amongst which excels inwardly taken, the roots of callamus aromaticus and citron pills, and of oranges, with the phylosophical spirit of vitriol, and the Elixir proprietatis: outwardly, ointments compounded of the distilled oyls, of worm∣wood, mint, cudmin; peneroyal, mastick, a cerote of one part of pure Ladanum, with too parts of wax applied an hour before dinner, is good.
• 3. By a contrary diet.

Article. IV. Of the tumors of the stomach.

A tumor of the stomach is when the same is elevated into a bulke or magnitude, greater than is due. It contains under it three things.

I. Inflamation, which is known both from the general signs, and also from the vehement pain, heat, thirst, a most burning feaver, vo∣miting or often going to stool, unless when the orifice or pylorus is possest, to these are added the symptoms of the principal faculties, if the brain be drawn into consent. It ariseth from blood preternaturally poured forth by the veins derived from the porta whether it be pure or mixt, whether sent thither or attracted. Tis cured after the manner of other inflamati∣ons, where observe.

• 1. that emptying by vomiting or stool is not convenient, unless where there is an eruption of matter collected.
• 2. Bleeding is rather to be repeated, than to take much blood at once.
• 3. Amongst exter∣nal repellers, sugar of saturne with planta•••• or nightshade water, adding a little of wormwood or mint, is commended; internal things ought to be administred with a moderate actual cold∣ness.
• 4. resolvers which ought to be gentle and

• Emollient, must be corrected with astringents by reason of the excellency of the part,
• 5. If suppuration cannot be prevented, the heat must be cherisht with things moderately hot, moist and clammy, both inwardly and out∣wardly.
• 6. The imposthumation may excel∣lently wel be broken either with the juice of Scabious alone, or mixt with honey.

'Tis divided according to the parts of the stomach. One is of the whol stomach, in which what posture soever the sick lyeth down in, he is ful of pain. Another is of part of the stomach,

• 1. Either external, in which the pain after the concoction of the meat is encreased, by reason of the intension of the transverse fibres, the appetite is not very bad, nothing of the impostu∣mation is cast up by vomit. Or of the internal part, in which al things are contrary; but 'tis better, if the matter pass into this, than under the peritoneum; because there it may easi∣ly be purged forth, but here not so.
• 2. Either of the upper part, in which because 'tis endued with exquisite sence, there happen most grei∣vous symptomes, and the strictness is most of al perceived towards the latter end of swallowing, where the attraction is strongest. Or of the lower part, in which the pain is encreased more in the disgestion of the meat.
• 3. Or of the former part in which the tumor may be perceived by the touch. Or of the hinder part, in which if the outside be affected, the sick can hardly lie down on his back, if the inside, not easily on his face.

II. An Oedema and Schirrus, of which we meet with nothing remarkable.

III. An Inflation, when the magnitude of the stomach is increased by wind conteined in its capacity, 'tis knowen by its distension, mo∣lesting the region of the stomach above the na∣vel by the tumor, and by its resisting the touch, by belchings with which the malady is eased. It ariseth from matter ministring wind, of which in its differences. Tis hardly cut'd, if it befal one recovering, because it signifies a relapse; if it be in acute Feavers, because it shews that the natural heat is wasted by the preternatural; if it last long, because it endeth in a dry dropsy. How it may be be cured, see in the differences. 'Tis divided according to the nature of the cau∣ses,

• 1. One is from windy nourishment, which is knowen by the patients relation, 'tis cured with good dyet and discussives, to wit with balsome of fenel, oyl of carawaies inwardly and outwardly applied, by baths of warm water, in which are boyled danewort roots, by baggs, by bread hot out of the oven sprinkled with oyl of Rue.
• 2. Another is from a flegmatick matter which causeth wind, and is known from the signs of a flegmatick distemper, 'tis taken a∣way by emptying the matter prepared, and discussing the wind, a great cupping glass, also doth discuss being applyed with much fire, without scarification, and often repeated, and one dram of sows pasterne bones burnt and pre∣pared with Rue water given in a draft of wine.

Article, 5. Of the wounds and ulcers of the Stomach.

I. The wounds of the Stomach are known from hence, that the belly is loose, deeper over against the Stomach, hickops, and vomiting of choler do ensue, sometimes the meat and drink is cast up again. They are no waies cu∣red, if the whol body of the Stomach be perfor∣ated, or if its upper part about the orifice be wounded; very difficultly, if only the outer coat, and if the bottome of the Stomach which is fleshy, and able to endure medicines. The cure is accomplisht as in other wounds; mastick any waies taken is good. The wound that penetrates and is large, ought to be sowed up, leaving an orifice in the lower part; they must abstaine from al sharp things in their dyet.

II. An ulcer of the Stomach is knowen, by the pricking and ulcerous paine, by a heat mo∣lesting above the navel, caused by the receiv∣ing in of hot meat; by stinking belchings, by causes generating ulcers, by a slow feaver, &c. It arises.

• 1. From external things, as sharp medicines and poysons, and then the relation of the patient which shew it.
• 2. From sharp humors there derived from some other part, or generated there; and then we must have re∣course to the distemper with matter.
• 3. From an impostumation broke after inflamation, and then this was precedent.
• 4. From the rupture of a veine, and then vomiting of blood proceeds.

'Tis hardly cured, both because detersives cause paine, and because being alwaies moistened by the chyle it cannot be dryed. Inveterate ul∣cers cause a lientery. In the cure note,

• 1. The humors if there be any, ought to be brought forth only with lenitives.
• 2. Vomits are wholly to be shunned, lest that which is ul∣cerated be delacerated more.
• 3. To internal consolidating medicines, somwhat moderately abstersive is alwaies to be mixed.

Chap 2. Of the Symptomes of the Stomach.

Article. 1. Of the pain and heat of the Stomach.

THe Symptomes of the Stomach are Paine, Heat, want of appetite, too great appetite, a vitious appetite, too great thirst, hurt of con∣coction, hickops, belching, rumblings, nau∣seousness, Vomiting, and the Cholerick pas∣sion.

I. The paine in the stomach, is a sad sen∣sation of the same, arising either from things that distend it, or knaw it, and so dissolve its continuity.

There is no need of Signs in this symptom, unless the patient be diseased in mind.

The Cause, is explained in the definition, and we shal be more large of it in its differences.

The Cure hath respect unto.

• 1. The symp∣tome it selfe, if it be too urgent, in rebating of which a bagg made of the roots of marsh mal∣lows, camomel flowers, red roses & wormwood, is good. Quercetans anodyne water in his Pharmacop. restitut. Oyl of chamomel saphirine, a bolus made of three drams and a halfe of electuary diaphenicon, and two scruples of philonium romanum is most commended by some. Four grains of laudanum opiate with the decoction of chamomel. After the use of all which, things that strengthen the stomach must be applyed.
• 2. The cause it self, of which in the differences.

The differences are taken from the parts and Causes.

I. There is one pain of the coats which is simple, and to which the former things ought to be applied: another of the mouth of the stom∣ach, which discovers it self by faintings and swounings, somtimes by immoderate sweats and anxiety: and then it arises both from an attrition of the Stomach, which happens after taking of meat with coldness, a stoppage of the pulse, and breathing, either from the meat boyling in the Stomach before it be sent forth, or turned into flegm; and tis cured with oyl of spiknard applyed hot to the Stomach, and one dram of pepper exhibited. And from the astriction of the Stomach, which happens by reason of the astriction of both orifices, and the meat descending it ceaseth; they ought to be distinguisht. The cure is past hope, if it befal them who have an orifice of exquisite sence; if their extreme parts be cold, and if it proceed from poysenous things.

II. Another is from external causes, as kernels, pins, sharp, corrupt, or much meat, and then a vomit does good; and if poyson have been taken, things alexipharmacal must pre∣sently be applied.

Another is from internal causes.

• 1. From humors, viz. Cholerick, Flegmatick, either falling thither from some other part, as is wont to be in feavers, or generated there, which if by mixing with the meat they become less acrid, upon taking of nourishment the paine is as∣swaged; if cleaving to the coates they are stir∣red by taking of meat, or sticking to the bot∣tom they be raised up; the paine is increased after meat. The cure ought to be sought from the chapters of distempers. Observe that hiera in a tough humor ought to be mixt with stron∣ger medicines that it may overcome the matter. Zacutus his syrup and pouder, Lib. ult. c. 2. n. 11. hist. is very good.
• 2. From va∣pors either contained there, of which Tit. 2. c. 1. a. 4. Or sent from some other part, from the womb, worms, &c.
• 3. From worms ascending to the orifice, of which in its place.

III. Another is from diseases molesting the Stomach, viz. distemper, tumors, wounds, ulcers, &c. of which we treated before.

II. The heat of the stomach, is an ebulli∣tion of humors in the stomach caused by the power of preternatural heat, so that the heat is perceived even to the throat.

There is no need of signs in this symptom.

The CAUSES, are acrid vapors raised either from meat acrid in its own nature, in cho∣lerick bodies, during the concoction of the meat, and the Stomach troubled with strong motion: raised up from a cholerick humor, which whiles they are compelled to break forth by the gullet sticking there, they burn that, and the mouth of the Stomach.

The CURE, is more difficult in those whose substance of the stomach is as it were be∣smeared with choler, because the Region of it is dyed by the bladder of gal with a saffron co∣lor, and the same ftain doth penetrate even to the internal membrane. It doth respect, 1. The heat it self, to allay the which many reme∣dies are given; the cheif are these, a Bolus com∣pounded of two drams of sugar of Roses, two ounces of crabs eyes prepared and bole armenick half an ounce, swallowed in parcells. A pou∣der compounded of Christal calcined one dram

and an half; Pearles prepared one scruple; Coral prepared. Chalk, each one dram, Sugar Candy two drams; the dose is one dram given in drink. Spirit of vitriol coagulated one scruple given in drink, which ought to follow a liniment of the best pomado half an ounce: Camphire one dram, oyl of bricks two drams, badgers grea••e half an ounce; Salt of vitriol one dram. 2. The cause of the heat, which is to be tempered, and emptyed.

Article, 2. Of the want of Appetite.

An anorexy, is the prostration of appetite in relation to al meats, arising from the de∣fect of the sence of sucking in the upper orifice of the Stomach.

This symptom needs no Signs, The patient complaineth, and 'tis observable by the stand∣ers by.

The CAUSE, is the defect of the sence of sucking in the lower orifice of the Stomach, which from whence it proceeds, shal be said in its differences.

The CURE is doubtful, if it happen in the declination of a disease, or from the long con∣tinuance of it, or from weakness, or moder∣ate evacuation, because it indicates the extin∣ction of natural heat, and threatens a relapse. If it befal children, who are naturally great ea∣ters, and want much nourishment, because it signifies a great preternatural excess. If it af∣flict in a disease of long continuance with sin∣cere stooles, because it shews an extinction of the appetitive faculty in the orifice of the sto∣mach, either by reason of extraordinary cold, or of some matter extreamly putrefied. If it arise from the brain by the hurt of the nerves of the sixth conjugation. Of little hope, if in some disease there presently follow it a great appetite to meat, no crisis preceding, nor an abatement of the disease, because, it signifies a hurt of the brain, and an extinction of the sen∣sitive faculty. It relates to the causes, of which we shal treat in the differences.

The differences of the prostraction of appe∣tite are various.

I. One is Greater, which is properly cal∣led Anorexy, in which nothing at al is desired, with which agrees the former definition. Ano∣ther is less, called a dysorexy, in which meat is desired, but less or later than nature requires it, it and arises from the sence of sucking weak∣ned or overthrown.

II. There is another without nauseousness and hating of meats, which may be called shappe∣tency; of the Causes of which shal be treated in the following difference. Another with ha∣ting, and tis called a loathing of meats. It ari∣seth from Cholerick and corrupt Juyces, yet void of acidity and saltness, which because they are unfit to nourish the body, they are not suckt in by the veins, yet do possess the Orifice of the Stomach. 'Tis Cured with those things which do correct a hot distemper, and empty the Humor. See the Cataplasme, in Zacutus l. vlt. c. 1. n. 5.

III. There is another from the want of Sucking, which is Caused,

• 1. By the abun∣dance of nourishment in the whol body, in which the strength is not cast down, the which is taken away by fasting, exercise, frictions, &c.
• 2. By an impotency in the Stomach, to corrugate or wrinkle i•• self up, either by rea∣son of a distemper, either hot, relaxing the sto∣mach, and diffusing the matter; or cold, de∣stroying the Native heat, the first Cause of appetite: or by reason of a redundancy of vitious humors, especially crude Excrement, insipid, Clammy and Flegmatick, whether generated out of the meats, or flowing thither from some other part. The Cure ought to be fetcht from the Chapter of distemper.
• 3. by a defect and weakness of attraction. Either by reason of a cold and moist distemper, or by reason of the interception of the passages, by the obstruction of the mesaraick and hollow part of the Liver, in the Cure of which, those parts must be respected.
• 4 By hindrance of Evaporation, either when the substance of the body is not emptyed, either by reason of the constipation of the pores and thickness of the Skin, which a Bath of sweet water wil take a∣way; or the weakness of Native heat whether acquired by a cold distemper, or idlenss, or by reason of the tenacity, sixt and firme concretion of the substantifical moisture, which doth not easily yeild to the gentle and pleasing heat that feeds upon it.

There is another from the not perceiving of the sucking, which,

• 1. by Diseases of the brain in which either the Nerves of the sixth pair are affected, or the Animal spirits are not generated, or their influx is hindred, or which happens in acute Feavers, they do languish, or the faculty, as in the Phrenitical, &c. is con∣verted another way. The Cure ought to re∣spect those Diseases.
• 2. by Diseases of the Stomach it self, whether they be of distemper, or of Composition, or of solution of unity, of

• which we treated before. The appetite is raised by taking away the causes, partly by coo∣ling things if a hot Cause did precede, partly by heating things, if a cold. Wormwood Wine is very much commended.

Article, III. Of too great Appetite.

Too great Appetite is distinguished into two Species, viz. A Dog-like Appetite, and Bulimus.

I. A Dog-like Appetite is a continual in∣satiable desire of Eating, arising from a Ve∣hement sense of sucking in the mouth of the sto∣mach, afflicting somtimes with vomiting, som∣times with a loosness.

There is no need of SIGNS, whereas they are exprest in the definition.

The CAUSE is a Vehement sense of sucking and pricking in the Orifice of the sto∣mach, but whence it comes, is explained in the Differences.

The CURE which is timely to be admi∣nistred, least the sick fal either into a custome of vomiting, or into the Caeliacal passion, or into a dropsie, doth respect.

• 1. The hunger it self, which is allayed either with the Use of Fat things; or with the Yolks of Egs hardened in Water, or what is best with Wine.
• 2. The Causes, of which we wil treat in the Differences.

The Differences are taken from the Causes urging the Suckings.

I. One is from the too great want of nourish∣ment in the Body, or by Reason of worms feeding on the Child, which shew themselves by biting, and they are cast forth by the use of Hiera Picra; or by reason of too great Evacu∣ations both sensible and insensible, by the habit of the Body, by Reason of too great a heat of the moisture, to which conduceth much, the tenuity of the Humors, and thinness of bodies, Laxness of pores, &c. And then sweats do molest; The Cure is to be turned to the Parti∣cular Diseases. Or by reason of the long use of Detersive Nourishment, as Pigs, Lobsters, &c.

II. There is another from cold, acid, and more austere Humors, wrinkling the Orifice of the Stomach, compressing and pulling it: as are acid Flegm, and Melancholly poured into the Stomach, and then the signs of a cold di∣stemper are present; amongst purger Hiera Picra is good, as also Zacutus his Wine, Lib. Ult. Hist. Prax. ca. 2. n. 9.

II. Bulimus is a great Appetite, Periodi∣cal, which aftentimes ends in a Nauseous∣ness with Faintings away, and loss of strength.

The Signs are explained in the Defini∣tion.

The Cause is doubted of by Physitians: yet most do hold that tis a cold distemper of the Stomach, whereupon tis wont often to happen to those that make long Journeys through deep snow.

There is no Cure, if it happen in Chronical Diseases, somtimes after Feavers and other Diseases it threatens a relapse. It respects,

• 1. The time of the fit, when the swouning hap∣pens, in which we must use frictions and revi∣vers, as the smel of Wine, Vinegar, &c.
• 2. The time out of the fit, in which after the sick hath recollected himself, meats of good juyces must be ministred, bread dipt in Wine, &c. And by external means the heat must be restored to the Stomach.

Article, IV. Of a Depraved Appetite, or Pica.

Pica, which is also Citta and Malacia, (is so called from the bird Pie which is sick of this dis∣ease) it is an absurd appetite to a strange sub∣stance liquid or solid beside the ature or essence of nourishment, from a sad sense of sucking, and corrupt judgment not discerning things fit, or unfit for eating, from a Vitious Excrement imbibed in the coats, by a peculiar propriety of substance molesting the mouth of the Sto∣mach.

The SIGNS are manifest, because they desire meats of Vitious qualities: there pre∣ceded excess, indigestion, use of meats and drinks of evil qualities, a suppression of the Courses, &c.

The CAUSE is a sad sense of sucking Molesting, which is Caused by the matter impacted in the Coats of the Stomach, either acting by its whol substance, or by a manifest quality, arising from an evil Course of Diet, or sent from some other part, as from the womb, whereupon tis familiar to Childing Women about the second and third Month: but there is wont at the beginning while the Causes do alter, to be raised a desire of contrary things; but when by long custome there is a familiarity contracted, things like are desired.

The CURE must be haistened, left a Cacochymy or Dropsie be caused.

The peccant matter is most commodiously

cast forth by vomit, which in Childing Wo∣men must be Caused by those which are more gentle. The Stomach may be strengthened with water of Cinnamon, of Orange Pils, magi∣stral of Corals, &c.

Article, V. Of too great Thirst.

Too great thirst, or Poludipsia, is a greater and oftner desire of accustomary drink, by reason of a sad sence of sucking in the Mouth of the stomach, arising from the defect of moist nourishment, and the alteration of its proper Humidity.

The SIGNS of the Symptom are manifest of themselves.

The CAUSE is a sad sense of sucking which the want of moisture, and the plenty of heat have raised: but whence that proceeds, shal be explained in the Differences.

The CURE doth respect,

• 1. The too urgent Symptom, which is mitigated by Crystal or Coral held in the Mouth, cold water corrected with a little Vinegar, the iuyce of live Crabs with water of violets and Housleek, sprinkled; with a little Niter, a Lohoc compounded of the Mucilage of the Seeds of fleawort and quinces, of each half an ounce; Sugar Candy of violets pouderd, Starch, Tragacanth, of each one dram; Syrup of violets as much as is sufficient. With spring Water boyled with Sugar Candy, adding a Pome Citron cut in two, &c.
• II. The Causes of which shal be treated in the Differences.

The Differences are taken from the Causes.

I. One is from the defect of the dewish sub∣stance of the Stomach, which is known from the preceding Causes, absence of loathing, &c. it ariseth from those things which can wast moisture, as are Labors, watchings, fastings, immoderate Evacuations, &c. The Cure is to be perfected with meat rather than with drink, water which causeth vomiting and a loosness in them, is to be shunned: the beginning must be taken from moistning, which a gentle coo∣ling ought to follow.

Another from the dissipation of the moi∣sture in the Stomach through heat, which is known by the loathing of meat, roughness of the Jawes, bitter, Salt nitrous tast. It ariseth,

• 1. Either of it self, or from external things, the hot Aire, sharp, Salt meats, hot Potions, Vehement Motion of the Tongue, poysons; al which ought to be removed. Or from internal Causes, as chiefly from an inequal distemper of the Stomach, where we must empty; and moisten with an Emulsica of the four grea∣ter cold Seeds.
• 2. Or from other Diseases, viz. A Feaver, heat of the Lungs, a dropsie; &c. The Cure of which must be fetcht from their proper places.

II. There is another without a Feaver, which Choler, or Salt Flegm do Cause.

Another with a Feaver, in the beginning of whose fit no drink is to be administred, lest a greater heat be kindled, but the thirst must be deluded by things held in the Mouth; in the Vigor we must use moistening and cooling Gargarisms; in the declination, unless the Patient wil abstain, drink may be allowed; that sweats may flow more plentifully.

Article, VI. Of the hurt of Concoction or Chylification.

The hurt of Concoction, is a fault of the concocting faculty in its action about the nourishment, by which it comes to pass, that it either doth not concoct at al, or slowly, or depravedly.

It contains therefore three things under it, Bradupepsy, Apepsy, and Dyspepsy.

I. Bradupepsy, is a slow and weak conco∣ction, when the meat is left either half crude, or is not disgected but in a long time, by rea∣son of the frustration of the faculty, and weak∣ness of heat, chiefly proceeding from a cold distemper.

The SIGNS are, a distention of the sto∣mach by winde after a ful Concoction of the meat, the sent of the meats rising to the Palate many hours after, sour belchings, Flegmatick vomitings, stooles moist and crude, the Con∣coction of meats easie to be concocted, scarce done in a long time. The Adaequate cause is the frustration of the Concocting faculty, which either is hindred by some Organical Disease, as a Tumor, inflations, &c. Or is weakned by a cold distemper induced by those things, which either do cool, or suffocate, or dissipate, or withdraw the nourishment, or tis hindred by an external error, which either Excrements heaped up in the stomach, or sent from some other part do Cause; or nourish∣ments not regularly taken, in just quantity, quality, time and order; or sleep.

The CURE, unless the griefe proceed from an external error; is principally to be directed against a cold distemper; for this in∣wardly

are good, the tincture of amber, magistral of corals, Elixir proprietatis, Dia∣corum nobile, the fruit of Eglantine condite, extract of calamus aromaticus, of Juniper ber∣ries, of Zedoary••, spirits of vitriol if crosse humors are presumed to be in the stomach, but 'tis then worst of al when the heat of the sto∣mach is Languishing, for this, the blewish or green spirit of wormwood, Mynsichtus his elixir of vitriol, syrup of Juniper berries, conserve of roses vitriolate, the phylosophical salt com∣pounded of salt of niter prepared and molten, gemmae, each two drams; of wormwood, blessed thistle, tamarisk, each one dram; of galangal, cubebs, mace, each two scruples; Birckmannus his pouder of the root of cuckowpint prepared in Quercetans Pharmacopea. The distilled oyl of orange pils, of wormwood, Bartoletus his potable oyl, of nutmegs, cinamon, mastick, &c. outwardly do best agree, Cratoes sto∣mach oyl, tacamahac, balsome of Peru, Hart∣mans stomach scutum, Stokerus cerote of lada∣num, &c.

II. Apepsy, is the concoction of nourishment in the stomach quite abolisht, proceeding from the privation of its alterative faculty, by which it comes to pass, that it descends crude into the guts.

The SIGNS of it are, the precedent causes, belchings after the space of 6. or 7. hours, savoring of the nature and quallities of the meats, the casting up of them inconcoct∣ed, or voiding them so by stoole, &c.

The CAUSES are stronger than those, which were alledged in a Bradypepsy.

The CURE also ought to be fetcht from thence, the arcanum of tartar is commended, if ten grains of it be taken every day in broath.

III. A dispepsie or diaphthora, is a cor∣ruption of the meat, and a change of it into a strange qualitie, by reason of the frustration of the concocting faculty of the stomach.

The SIGNS of this are, nidorous belch∣ings, adust, acid, far, stinkings, which are often attended with rumblings of the belly, murmurs, pains bitings, vomitings, very stinking stooles, impatiency of hunger, anxi∣ety, &c.

The CAUSE is the distemper of the sto∣mach, and that oftentimes hot, which burns up, corrupts, and putrefies the meat; but every thing corrupted, according to its nature puts on a strange quallity: hence it is, that things smel so diversly. Chiefly the nidorous corupti∣on is the off-spring of heat, which ariseth from hot diseases, nourishments of the same quality, and easily corrupted, as milke, fishes, mush∣rums, fading fruites, the sowr corruption proceeds from cold.

The CURE is to be turned to the distem∣per, the hot one chiefly, of which we spake before; here the Spirit of sorrel, and Quer∣cetans syrupe of corals chalenge the first place.

Article. VII. Of the Hickopps.

The Hickop is a convulsive motion of the stomach, consisting of the distension and dila∣tation of the fibres of its upper part, by which the expulsive faculty being irritated, doth en∣deavour to cast forth things hurtful that are fixt in the coats of the stomach, especially of the mouth of it and gullet, with a noise and vehement contorsion.

There is no need to reckon up the signs, 'tis heard by the standers by.

The CAUSE is matter residing sometimes in the whole stomach, but pulling the stomach either by an inimicous quallity, or by com∣pressing it.

There is no Cure, if a Dilerium happen with it, because it is an argument, that either acrid vapors are raised up to the head from the sto∣mach inflamed or that the brain being inflamed, the evil is comunicated with the nerves of the o∣rifice of the stomach, if it arise in a deepe sleepe, in swouning fits, or convulsions. The cure is doubtful, if fainting be feared with it, if it be∣fal old people purged above measure, if it arise from an inflamation of the liver; if it invade after vomiting, because it is a signe the sto∣mach or braine suffers no smal infla∣mation; if it happen in sincere vomiting, because there is signified some great burning of the parts about the stomach; if it proceed from the Ileon, because tis an argu∣ment that some nervous part w^ch hath consent with the brain is affected, if it be joyned with losse of speech. It respects,

• 1. The symptom it self, which is restrained by things stupefying, as of philonium romanum one scruple; saffron, cinamon, each two grains; Laudanum Opiate one grain, with oyl of sage as much as is suffici∣ent.
• 2. The causes, concerning which consult with the differences.

The differences are taken from the causes and other things.

1. One is from external causes, as refrigera∣tion, either by reason of the ayre, or cold drinke, where holding of the breath, and anointiag of the back and stomach with hot

oyls doth help. From sharp nourishments or medicines, where Ptissan drink, or oyl of sweet almonds is a remedy from too much emp∣tying, which is followed with a driness and corrugation of the stomach, where an imulsion of the four seeds with temperate anolepticks takes place. From corrupt meats, w^ch aloes wil purge forth; from poyson taken, which treacle resists.

Another is from internal causes, as are.

• 1. hot and acrid humors, which require a vomit or gentle purge, by the use of terra sigillata, or bole armonick, they grow more mild.
• 2. Cold humors, which must be prepared and emptied; the extract of castor is of force, oxy∣mel of squils, Elixir propriates; and sneezing takes its place.
• 3. Winde, which is discussed by a nodulus compounded of dil and poppy seeds, by oyl of Cumming seed, or by the im∣position of oake ashes sprinkled with mallego wine, aplaister of bay berries.
• 4. Matter which is wont to be in an inflamation of the liver.
• 5. internal diseases, as an inflamation of the liver, wombe, stomach, brain, or some other part; also a feaver, in which observe, in the begining of the feaver it ought to be taken away by gentle evacuation; in the state we ought not to feare, because tis a signe there wil be a crisis by vomiting; in the augment it signi∣fies either that the humor flowes to the cavity of the stomach, and then the hickops is sildom∣er, and by taking of meat, or a gentle medi∣cine 'tis layd: or into the substance of the sto∣mach, and then the hickops is so frequent, that by reason of it the patient seems to be choaked; it must be stopt by stupefactives, if by reason of the vehemency of the feaver we may not purge.

Article, 8. Of belching and rumbling.

I. Belching is a violent breaking forth with noise of wind residing in the Stomach, through the upper parts.

There is no need of signs to discover it, for it is manifest.

The CURE must not be neglected, for if they be frequent and much, they signify the vehemency of the cause, and trouble digestion; if they be before meat they dispose to the colick, if after, to the dropsy. Yet belching is good if it be supervenient to an asthma; if it happen in a long loosness, when as it was not before, because it is an argument that there is againe some concoction. It respects principally the cause, of which elsewhere.

The CAUSE, is wind generated in the stomach, or sent thither from other parts espe∣cially from the hypochondria.

As concerning the differences 'tis divided threefold.

• I. One is moderate which (because it voids by the mouth windy excrements) is not to be stopped: another frequent, which is to be ta∣ken away.
• II. Another is acid, which is either from meats of hard concoction, or from a cold di∣stemper of the stomach, and then honey, sugar and other things turne sowr. If it continue long it threatens a dropsy or lientery. The sick are not easily subject to a pluresy. The cure is to be turned to the distemper.
• III. Another is Nidorous, which is either from the meats sending such a vapor from them as are radishes, onions, fryed meat, fryed eggs; or from the too much heat of the stomach. So corrupting the meats, whether it be so, either essentially or by consent.
• IV. There is another insipid, which pro∣ceeds either from flatulent meats, or from the plenty of it; and if a long time after the take∣ing of the meat it savour of the same, it signi∣fies a great weakness of chylification.

II. Rumbling is a sound of the belly caused by humors or wind, running up and down the Stomach or gutts.

It hath the same causes; the differences are alotted, both according to the diversity of the sound, whose cause is plenty of excrement, and the largness of the passages; and the nature of the part in which it is conteined. For it is dry and thin which makes an acute sound; moist and thick which makes a grave or base. It is either in the thick guts, from whence the gra∣ver sounds break forth; or in the smal gutts, from whence the clearer and acuter: and if there be moisture with it, there ariseth a smal mur∣muring, which is the fore-runner of a moist stoole at hand. It is either in the cavity, or within the coats: nay there hath been knowen a wind that ascended to the throat, making shew as if it would suffocate, and after an hours space hath returned to the stomach.

Article, IX. Of nauseousness and Vomi∣ting.

I. Nau eou ness is a vaine desire to vomit with a sad molestation, heat and anxiety, by

which the stomach, contracting the lower parts, and dilating the upper, doth endeavour to cast forth those things which are offensive to it; but by reason of weakness, or the scarceness or con∣tumacy of the matter, it voids nothing by the mouth but a thin watry humor.

There is no need of Signs, the causes are declared in the definition, and differ only gra∣dually, from those which cause vomiting; therefore we shal treat of them, when we do of vomiting.

II. Vomiting, is a sensible and palpable casting up with violence through the upper parts, the matter conteined in the capacity of the stomach.

There is no need of signs, when as the symptome is manifest. But the business is not of that which is Critical, which happens as the work of nature for the benefit of the sick, and either lessens, or takes away the matter: but of that which is symptomatical, which is fore∣told, by a paine in the head caused by consent, darkeness appearing before the eyes, rigour, coldness of the lower parts of the hypochondria moveing of the lower lippe, the flowing forth of much drivel, &c.

The cause is whatsoever can offend the upper orifice of a weak stomach, and irritate it to ex∣pulsion, either by its plenty, or biting quality, or by the nature and disposition of its sub∣stance.

The Cure is difficult, if al colours be vomi∣ted because they signify dangerous affections in the body, if that vomited be of a leek color or black, because it indicates an excessive heat in the veins, and great corruption of the hu∣mors, unless it proceed either from the crudi∣ties of some meats, or be critical. 'Tis past hopes; if the matter be livid, and smel strong, because it denotes putrefaction with an extin∣ction of the native heat: If with it, there be other matter which from the corruption in the body hath contracted blackness, it being by nature not black, it relates to, I. The urgent symptome it self, which is to be stopped,

• 1. By revellers, whether they be strong and sharp Clysters, or hot things applyed to the extream parts,
• 2. By things that compress the motion of the expulsive faculty, and strengthen the Stomach. Inwardly are commended, Zacutus his Pills, lib. 9. hist. prax. cap. 1. num. 4. Lignum aloes poudered and given with the sy∣rup of the sharp juice of Citrons. The crude juice of quinces taken a spooneful, laudanum opiate, a vomit.

Outwardly a plaister of trea∣cle, Zacutus his cataplasme, an epithem of the decoction of wormwood, mint, made in smiths water.

The differences are taken chiefly from the causes.

I. One is from external causes, as are meats either taken into great quantity, or offensive, by their hurtful qualities, vomiting medicines (then are comended new treacle, spirits of wine) imoderate drinking and drunkenness, vehement motions after meat, unaccustomed going to Sea, violent coughing, the phansie and beholding of things loathsom, blows on the bo∣dy, a wound of the skul, poyson taken, &c.

Another is from internal causes, either dis∣eases, or humors, of which shal be treated in the following difference.

II. Another is from diseases infesting the stomach, as are, Ʋlcers, tumors, straitness and smallness, the stoppage of the lower ori∣fice, which must be considerd in the cure.

Another is from humors, which are either bred there, and then there was some fault in the dyet, with a continual nauseousness; or flow from some other part, and then there must be respect had to those parts; or they lie in the cavity of the stomach, and then they are cast up with a little straining, there is a distension and anxiety after meat, and vomit∣ings when they have taken no meat: or they adhere to the coats, and then they vomit not, unless upon taking of meat nauseousness is very troublesome. These humors are,

• 1. The Chyle, which must be suddenly remedied lest an atrophy steale upon us; this happens in an ulcer of the Stomach.
• 2. Excrements, which are cast upwards in the Iliaca passio, as also Glysters.
• 3. Blood, which is cast up either by reason of the cutting of some member, or after the suppression of some evacuation of blood: where it must be dissolved lest it putrefy, with oxymel in which a dane-wort root hath been boyled, afterwards it must be emptied, at last it must be stopped, with two ounces of the water of the greater nettle, & spirit of vitriol as much as is sufficient for a gratful sharpness, w^th the essence of crocus Martis, & gelly of Quin∣ces, with the old conserve of roses given with gum tragacanth; Or by reason of the opening of the vessels, where the same means must be used. Syrup of purslane with terra sigillata is pow∣erful in astriction.
• 4. Cholor sometimes comes theither, if the channel of choler be in∣serted

• into the Stomach; and then the nature of the humor cast up must be considered: vo∣miting troubles them most when they are fast∣ing: 'tis somtimes happily stayed by opening the Salvatella, if we may credit Zacutus.
• 5. Flegm, melancholly, matter, worms, stones, &c. which are best of all discovered by their proper signs.

Article, X. Of Choler.

Choler, whether it come apotes choles, that is from yellow choler, from which it most fre∣quently ariseth; or apo ton cholodon, that is from the gutts, is twofold, moist, and dry.

I. Moist choler, which also is the true, is a continuall and imoderate casting off of an e∣vil humor, with great perturbation and vio∣lence, both through the upper and lower parts, arising from the violent irritation of the ex∣pulsive faculty.

The signs are, often voiding of cholerick humors, a great paine in the belly and bowels, paine at the heart, thirst, a pulse smal and fre∣quent, to which do oftentimes succeed, fain∣tings, and coldness in the extreame parts.

The Cause is a sharp and corrupt matter, whether arising from meats bad in themselves, as the eggs of the barbel fish, mushrums, melons, cowcumbers, plums, fat things, herbs, leeks, onions &c. or bred elsewhere and sent to the stomach, as shal be said in the differences.

The cure must be bastend by reason of the acuteness of the disease; yet there are some, in whom this cholerick passion & a lask at certain periods, doth empty al the superfluities of their bodies. It respects,

• 1. The furthering of either of the evacuations, if one be too much, the other to little.
• 2. Atempring of the hu∣mors.
• 3. Astrengthning of the part.
• 4. A re∣storing of the strength and spirits, too which end wine is good, if there be no feaver.
• 5. A mitigation of the Symptomes, of which in the differences.

As for the differences.

There is one, when the matter that irritates is conteined in the Stomach, which is known by this, that there is present, nauseousness, a straitness, knawing and pain of the stomach; It ariseth, from strong purging medicines. Con∣cerning the Cure observe.

• 1. That the flux must not be stopped, if the evacuation be plentiful, and the strength be not impaired.
• 2. Where the irritation is great, and the eva∣cuation smal, vomiting must be furthered by gentle vomiters, and purging by benigne pur∣gers and laxatives.
• 3. Where the evacuation is great, and irritation smal, we must use astrin∣gents and strengtheners together,
• 4. If vomit∣ing be excessive, we must move by stoole, if a loosness be too much, we must act with vomits composed of whey with syrup of roses,
• 5. In∣wardly crocus martis rightly prepared doth stop it best of al.

The decoction of Cloves, Mastich, and Red Roses, made in red wine, Laudanum opiate: the spunge that is wont to grow on sawallows given four grains weight in red wine. Outwardly a Sea spunge boy led strongly in vinegar, and laid upon the stomach.

Another is, when the matter flows from elsewhere, as from the liver, pancreas, gutts, mesentery, into the stomach. 'Tis known by this, that for the most part there is present a malignant feaver, and convulsins trouble them: the matter offending then is, Choler like yolks of eggs, yellow, adust, or salt, ni∣trous, and corrupt. In the Cure,

• 1. The course of the matter flowing thither is not presently to be stopped.
• 2. If it flow too much, it must be diverted by medicines either to the skin, or to the passages of urine, or it must be called to the outward parts, by fricti∣ons, ligatures and the like.
• 3. It must be qualified and the parts strengthened.

Inward∣ly Christal is good, given half a dram weight. Outwardly epithems made of the juice of En∣dive, Purslane, with barly flower. In course of diet bread dipt in the juice pomegranates is good, &c.

II. Dry choler, which also is the bastard, is a voiding of a flatulent spirit through the upper and lower parts, with a puffing up of the bel∣ly, with noise, and a pain of the loynes & sides.

The SIGNS and immediate cause, are exprest in the definition.

The CURE, which also must be hastened, doth respect.

• 1. The bringing forth and discussing that flatulent spirit where Clysters and carmi∣native decoctions take place.
• 2. A Removal of the Cause from which it ariseth, of which in the differences.

As concerning the Differences.

One is From the fiery heat of the stomach corrupting the meats, and converting them into a nidorous matter and sharp vapors, in which the cure must be turned against a hot distem∣per, and outwardly the boyling hot hypochon∣dries must be cooled.

Another is from sharp and windy nourish∣ments,

as Raddish, Rocket Seed, fryed Egs, and the like: and then the matter must be em∣ptyed, and give diartion Piperion.

Another is from Black-choler and other a∣dust and Salt Humors lurking about the Hypo∣chondries, and growing hot by the mixture of another Humor; as we see Salts and saline spirits being mixt with acrid spirits, do yeild a great quantity of spirits.

Title, III. Of the Af∣fects of the Guts.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the Guts.

THe Diseases of the Guts are Cheifly, In∣flamation, Straitness, Wormes, Rup∣ture, Wounds, Ʋlcers, and the affects of the right Gut.

Article, I. Of the Inflamation of the Guts.

An inflamation of the Guts is a swelling of them arising from blood out of its vessels fal∣ling into them and putrefying.

The SIGNS are a fixt and distending pain, the perceiving of a Tumor, that the Guts may be perceived to be rowled up like the strings of an instrument, costiveness of body, a stoppage of the Urin, a Feaver present.

The CAUSE is explained in the defini∣tion. In the Autum the blood chiefly flows thi∣ther, by reason of its thinness, because the thin and moveable Humors generated in the Sum∣mer, by the inequal cold of the Autum, are driven to the center of the body.

The CURE must be ordered according to the rule of other inflamations, and that quickly, because the evil is acute, and oftentimes turnes to a gangrene, and mortification. The cooling Medicines, which are administred for it, ought to be without astriction; we must wholy ab∣stain from Purgers, lest the place affected be exasperated.

'Tis divided according to the place and Causes.

I. One is of it self, of which we have now treated; another from the Navel Rupture, of which in its place. Another from the Rupture of the guts, in which the Guts ought presently to be put back into their place. Another from a contusion, in which, to those things which are applyed for the inflamation must be added somwhat lenifying and concocting.

II. One is in the smal guts, which is most com∣mon, in which a distention of the stomach, straitness of breathing, daily vomitings, do mo∣lest, that they are not able to contain their drink, the pain and Torture tends most to the upward parts. Another in the great Guts, in which the pain reaches more to the Hypochon∣dries, there is a heaviness in the Loins, and vomiting is not so continual.

Article, II. Of the Straitness of the Guts.

The Straitness of the Guts is known cheifly by this, that the Excrements of the Belly are not rightly cast forth by stoole.

It hath its Differences according to the Na∣ture of the Causes.

I. One is from External things that are a∣stringent and drying, as quinces, and other things, which is known by the relation of the Patient and standers by. In the Cure are re∣quired things moistening and mollifying, fat things, &c.

II. Another is from the Excrements har∣dned, obstructing them, which is known by this, that there is no Tumor, pain, yet the Excre∣ments are not cast forth. It ariseth at that place especially where the smal and great Guts end, either from too dry matter, and drink to much diluted, or from the heat of the neigh∣bouring parts sucking up the moisture.

'Tis Cured by Mollifiers, by a bath of sweet Water with emollient Herbs, by the Grease of a rosted Goose cast in by a Clyster, by blo∣wing up the Guts with a Pair of bellows, which must be followed with a strong Clyster with half a dram of Sal gema.

III. Another is from Inflamation, of which we spake in the former Chapter.

IV. Another from the growing together of the Guts which is incurable.

V. Another from a Rupture or worms, of which shal be spoken hereafter.

VI. Another from thick Flegm, which is known by this, that Causes generating that went before; crudities, flowness of the belly to stoode, and much wind abound. It ariseth from the fault of the Dier, and the feeble heat

of the Guts: and if it stick there long, it grows so thick that it wholly stops up the Guts. It is Cured by things that cut flegm, and sharp Clysters, concerning which consult with the Chapter of the Cholick.

Article, III. Of Worms.

Worms and smal creatures wholly preter∣natural, generated in the guts out of a thick clammy and viscous Humor, having in it the principal of life in its kind, by a vivid heat raised up by putrefaction, which do hinder the actions of the Guts.

The common signs are many, to wit, a stink in the mouth, disturbed sleep, with skipping, trembling, noise and gnashing of the Teeth, Itching and often rubbing of the nose; a pale face, somtimes by fits ruddy, hollow and dark Eyes, the white of which is changed into a Saffron or Pale, running of drivel from the Mouth more than usual, a distension and puf∣fing up of the belly with murmurs, a knawing in the belly, & that exasperated in the time of hun∣ger, somtimes a loosness, vomiting, falling-sick∣ness. If in the morning while Children are fast∣ing, cold water be sprinkled on the Mouth of the stomach, they wil al gather together, and this sign hath most weight with it, if the Age of the Child wil bear with it.

The CAUSE is a viscous and Flegmatick Humor which ariseth from much eating, meats that easily corrupt, & generate a thick juyce, as cheese, Milk, pulse, decaying fruits, sweet things, sugard things, honyed things, &c. It hath somthing analogous to seed endued with a formative faculty, and a vivifying discretion, which doth dispose the matter to receive this, and no other form of worm, and being dispo∣sed doth Cloath it with that from, as we see peculiar worms do proceed out of wormwood, Sea Salt, a Horse, a calfe, Mulberry leaves, Cheese, Honey.

The CURE, which is Difficult, if there be many, great ones, red and of divers colors, living; if in the beginning of Feavers and acute Diseases, as also in the augment, by the ma∣lignity of the Disease they be Symptomatical∣ly voided, Is Performed,

• I. By things that kil them, those which are bitter, acrid, Salt, or enemies by their whol propriety, ought to be given upwards, but alwaies mixt with sweet things, downwards premising sweet things, then when they are in the lowest places or in the right Gut: with them Oyl ought to be mixed, that they may be stifled in it, with cheese butter, which they exceedingly fear. The chiefe things that kil them are hot, as Coral∣line given in pouder one dram, Wormseed, centory the less, peach flowers, Myrrh, Aloes, Zedoary, the Juyce of Rhadish, and cresses, Cold, hearts horne burnt, Purslane Water, juyce of Endive, Grass Water, with a little Vinegar and Sugar. Of Internal Compositions the Pouder of Dr. Mencelius my wives Gran∣father, excels; 'tis compounded of the Flowers of Centory the less, tansie, St. Johns wort, each two drams; of the flowers of Wormwood, Savine, Peaches, of each one dram and an half; of the Roots of white dittander, gentian, asarabacca, of each one dram; of red Corals prepared, burnt harts born prepared, of each two scruples; Seeds of Artichoke, Purslane, ci∣tron, cummin, Seseli, Coleworts, Coriander prepared, Sorrel, of each half a dram; Choice Rhubarbe one dram; Myrrh, Saffron, of each half a dram; Scammony prepared, Tro∣chiskes of Alhandal, of each two scruples; Salt of Wormwood half a scruple, Coralline half an ounce: Of which you may give from one scruple to one dram in Cows Milk upon an empty Stomach two hours before meat. Out∣wardly is commended the cerote compounded of Myrrb, Saffron, Liver colord Aloes, of each as much as is sufficient, with Rose Vine∣ger and an Oxe Gal, and applied both to the Mouth of the Stomach, and to the back; see more amongst Authors.
• II. By things that drive them forth, which are, melted butter, great quantity of Oyl, a Bath of sweet Milk fuming hot, if the Worms be yet alive Diatur∣bith with Rhubarb, Ruffus Pils, and de Tribus Solutivis if they be dead.

The Difference is taken from their figure.

• I. Some are smooth or round, in which the knawing of the Belly is more vehement, a dry cough more frequent, the hickops, nauseous∣ness, loathing of meat, faintings of the heart, troubled dreams with trembling, rising up, cry∣ing out, motion of the Jaws, &c. Clysters are not convenient for these, unless they be dead.
• II. Others are broad, in which the Excre∣ments are not unlike to gourd Seeds, there is an insatiable desire of meat, and a quick casting forth of the Body of that which is taken, a greater leanness and wasting of the Body, a pain somtimes in the right side, somtimes in the left. Fearn, or its water is good against them, Walnuts, Treacle, with Vinegar or the Juyce

• of Lemons. Concerning the broad worm, see Tulpius in his observations.
• III. Others are called Ascarides, in which there is a continual pain, a most troublesome itching about the Fundament, as if it were ful of Aunts, with a heaviness in the back, conti∣nual Motions to stool, moth-like worms are every where mixt with the Excrements of the Belly, which smel very strong, &c.

Article, IV. Of the Rupture of the Guts.

A Rupture of the Guts, is a falling down of the Guts out of their place.

'Tis called by the Greeks Kele, by the La∣tines otherwise, Ramix and Ruptura.

The SIGNS are a Tumor which somtimes encreaseth, somtimes decreaseth, according as a greater part of it it fals down, or is filled with wind or Excre∣ment, there is no pain, unless by chance the Excrements be fallen thither. The Patient being prest down or laid on his back the guts slide back into the belly, and that with a mur∣mur, &c.

The CAUSES are those things which can Relax or break the process derived from the Peritonaeurn, as shal be said in the Differ∣ences.

The CURE is not to be neglected, both because that thin and Nervous Membrane can∣not easily be united, and because somtimes the Patient his Guts being inflamed is brought into danger of his life, and the Guts inflamed do mortefie. It respects,

• 1. The Replacing of the Guts, which if they be swelled with wind, as the rumbling in the Guts and breaking of wind do declare, it must be done by discussives: if they swel with Excrements hardned, then both with Emollient Clysters and Cataplasmes and Fomentations. If with Flegmatick mat∣ter it must by little and little be emptyed by Clysters and suppositories, and be attenuated by internal incisive means: if there availe no∣thing, we must flie to Chirurgery (concer∣ning which consult with Authors.)
• 2. The re∣taining of them in their place; here are proper, Horse Tongue, which is most excellent, the pouder of Mouse-Eare given with meats, Through wax, Rupture wort. The Ashes of a sucking hare given to drink in red Wine. The Seed of Flix weed, the plant fern pouderd and given, each half a dram,

The Differences are taken from the Causes and places into which they fal.

1. One is from a Rupture of the Peritonae∣um, which is known by this, that a Tumor is suddainly raised, and also is quickly increased; the Gut fals down to the very bottome. It ariseth from violent Causes, fals, straining to cast forth the Child, or the Excrements of the Belly, holding of the breath, straining of the voice, wounds of the Peritonaeum, &c. In the Cure a Ligature being applied, shal be given inwardly one spoonful of the essence of the greater comfrey, with two drops of the bal∣some of Sal Gemmae. Outwardly must be applyed Villanovanus his Plaister of a Rams Skin. Mynsichtus Armam. p. 364. And the same Authors Ʋnguent against a Rupture. p. 352. The fat of a Hedg-Hog, concerning which see Hartman. If these do no good, seek for help from Chirurgery, (of which see Pla∣terus)

Another is from the Relaxation of the Pe∣ritonaeum, which is known by this, that the Tumor grows by little and little, and the Gut doth not descend to the very bottome. It ari∣seth both from the moisture of the Peritonae∣um, whence Children often fal into a rupture: and from those things which break it, if by de∣grees and often they assaile the Peritonaeum, though not so violently.

II. There is another called Oskeocele, when the Guts descend into the very God, 'tis known by seeing. Another Bubonocele, when they fal down no lower than the groin: This somtimes doth very much distend the Skin, and is stret∣ched out under it, and Causeth a great Tumor. Both of them is either Enterocele, when the Ileon Gut cheifly fal down, or Epiplocele, when some part of the Cal. See Geigerus in his Ke∣legraphy. Hither belongs Exomphalos or Omphalocele; when the Navel either Relaxt or broke struts forth somtimes the bigness of a nut, somtimes of an Apple; nay somtimes there is a Tumor raised like a Bag. If it be lately, first of al foment it with a Decoction of tree Mosse, self Heal, made in astringent Wine; after∣wards lay a Cataplasme of Plantane and Len∣tils. If it be Old, after the like Fomentations, tis Cured with the Oyntment of Mushrums, of Nuts outwardly applied with convenient liga∣ture, inwardly with the essence of the greater comfrey with the Arcanum of Sal Gemmae.

Article, V. Of the falling down of the Fundament, and of the wounds and Ʋicers of the Guts.

1. The falling down of the Fundament, is a hanging forth of the outer part of the right Gut.

There is no need of SIGNS. The CAUSES shall be spoke of in the Differ∣ences.

The CURE requireth.

• I. A putting up of the Fundament fallen down, which is performed gently with the Hand, premising a Fomentation of emollient and moistning things if it be swelled.
• II. The retaining of it being reduced to its place, either by astringent De∣coctions, or by pouders, of Frankincense, mastick, &c.

Inwardly is comended the De∣coction of the Root of wild self-heal being drunk. Outwardly the Ashes of beetles, of sheeps dung strowed upon the Gut.

The Differences are taken from the Causes.

• 1. Either it is from great straining, which is Either in forcing out the Excrements, and then the Belly must be kept loose, or in labour.
• 2. Or it is from a great irritation, which afflicts either in a dysentery or tenesmus, against which the Cure must be directed; or from the weakness of the Muscles, which are wont to draw back the Fundament thrust forth, after the emptying of the Belly; or by reason of the often falling down of the Fundament, or by reason of some cold, and then the Nerves must be strengthned and the cold distemper be cor∣rected.
• 3. Or from a Resolution either by reason of a contusion of the Nerves about the Region of the Os Sacrum or Rump bone, where things consolidating take place: or by reason of some Extraordinary refrigeration of them, of which we spake even now: or by reason of some impostumation or fistula ari∣sing about the sphincter Muscles.

II. The wounds of the Guts (I pass by the Perforations made by worms, wind, &c.) are either of the smal Guts, in which the meat and drink comes forth, Choler is cast up by vomi∣ting, there are great pains with a Feaver, and these because the Guts have a Nervous Coat, and ful of many Vessels, are by no means or very difficultly Cured. Or of the great Guts, in which the Excrement comes forth, the body is bound, the which if they be long waies, and smal, they are the easier Cured; if they be large and Crosse the Guts, the harder no; waies Cured if they become blackish. See their cure in Practitioners.

III. Concerning Ʋlcers we shal treat in a dysentery. Mortification is wont somtimes to follow a Rupture, the Iliack Passion, and an Inflamation: it happens also in wounds if the Guts falling out of the Belly, be alterd by the Aire, and become blackish.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes of the Guts.

Article, I. Of the Iliack Passion.

The Symptomes of the Guts are, The Ili∣ack Passion, the Collick, costiveness of Body, and a lask.

The Iliack passion is a sharp pain in the smal Guts, arising from a violent solution of con∣tinuity, with a Tumor of the belly rowled up like a bundle of strings, and so great an obstru∣ction of the Belly, that nothing goes down∣ward, but the Humors and Excrements are somtimes violently cast up by vomi∣ting.

The part affected is the Ileon Gut, and the other smal Guts, for though somtimes the great Guts also may be affected; yet there is no such vehemency and danger in them, be∣cause they are looser and more ignoble.

The SIGNS are, a sence of paine in the upper guts, rouled up above the navel, most sharp, extending it selfe upwards cheifly to the right side, a puffing up and vehement distensi∣on, an eminent swelling of the upper part of the belly and smal guts, a perfect restraint of dung and winde, vaine belchings bringing no ease, murmurings of the smal guts, and cheifty of the upper; if the evil doe increase, al things are carried upwards. Hence follow vomitings, swellings under the ears, a coldness of the ex∣tream parts and whole body, with a great difficulty of breathing and stoppage of urine, &c.

The conjunct cause is a violent solution of continuity, proceeding from obstruction, corro∣sion, and other things (of which shal be treated in the differences) for then the expulsive facul∣ty of the guts, rising up to expel that which is troublesome to them, and whenas it cannot move its natural way downwards, because the passages leading to the fundament are possest with a strong obstruction; or because the part

pained or inflamed cannot bear the weight or acrimony of the humors or excrements, by a converted and peristattick motion, contract∣ing the fibres of the guts it thrusts upwards first of al, things hurtful, afterwards by the violence of the motion, al things contained in the guts.

The Cure is more hopeful if the guts be affec∣ted but in part, if it befal children, because they have a strong innate heat, and humors ••ess sharp and biting. 'Tis doubtful if it afflict ••ld people, if a strangury succeed, unless a fea∣ver happening and dissolving the matter, plen∣ty of urine flow forth; If the hickops, or vo∣miting, or convulsion, or dotage succeed. Of little hopes, if upon vomiting up of the ex∣crements either deafness or an acute feaver, or with the same an elevated hypochondry, swellings under the ears do follow. It Re∣spects.

• 1. The causes, of which in the differ∣ences.
• 2. The Pain which must be mitiga∣ted by things emollient and anodyne. The Blood of a bat anointed on the hypochondries is confirmed to be of force by wonderful expe∣rience.

The Differences are taken from the causes.

I. One is from external things, as from the ••yr, either too hot and drying, or cold binding up the passages, from deadly medicines and p••••••ons, from the use of pease, services, quin∣ces, medlars, &c. then the business must be done by vom••ting.

Another is from internal things, of which in the following Difference.

II. One is from diseases of the neighboring bowels which wil appeare by their proper signs.

• '2. From a rupture, of which we spake formerly.
• 3. From an inflamation, which is common, and cheifly happens in the autumn, which forces to the center the thin and mova∣ble humors that were bred in the summer, 'tis known and cured as was said formerly.
• 4. from an ulcer and other tumors, to wit, a schir∣rus with a continual hardness, and a cancer, which are scarce curable.

They reside either in the inward parts, and then the tumor it selfe is visible.

Another is from the obstruction of humors, which are.

• 1. Excrements hardened, and in this al things are more milde, a long continu∣ed obstruction of the belly went before it; the cure is ordered by things mollifying, and fat things inwardly and outwardly applied: a suf∣fumigation of a calves Cal and guts boyled in broth is commended; inwardly cream or tar∣tar given one dram and an half weight in broth.
• 2. Humors either thick and viscous, or sharp and biting, which if possible are to be cast forth.

Another is from wind, in which glisters of sulfurious and salt things are commended.

Article. II. Of the Chollick.

The Collick is a pain of the Collick gut, a∣rising from things that doth dissolve its con∣tinuity.

The Signs are a piercing and boring sense of paine in the great guts, especially in the left groine, where the collick gut is narrower, carried most of al from the navel down∣wards, a puffing up and distension of the lower part of the belly, a suppression of excrements and winde, a nauseousness, belching, vomi∣ting, difficulty of urine, al which wil become more certain by the remembrance of things go∣ing before, and the demonstration of things consequent. 'Tis distinguished from the paine of the stone in the kidnies because it pricks more, possesses a greater space, is increased after meat by reason of the compression of the sto∣mach, it doth less afflict the back and the thighes, 'tis wandering, and there appeares no Gravil in the urine. From that of the womb, because this seizeth for the most part upon the stoppage of the courses, is communicated only to the hipps and Groins.

The cure must be hastened, because the pain dissolves the strength and spirits, and draws the principal parts into consent. There is little hope if they vomit often, and cannot keep their drink, and little or nothing is voided: if it be changed into an impostumation of the Col∣lick gut. If the matter which was contained in the hypochondries be poured forth and car∣ried to the spina and pass into pains of the back, and by a malignity contracted doe pro∣duce a falling sickness. 'Tis performed.

• 1. By taking away of the Causes (of which we shal treat in the defference)
• 2. By mittiga∣ting of the paine if it be too vehement, where note that we act most commodiously with a∣nodine glisters, the frequent use of outward ap∣plications may be, if some evacuation have preceded that narcoticks or stupefying means must not be used, neither where the strength is dejected, nor in a cold cause.

That Com∣pounds are more safely used than simples, and that the same are more securely cast up into the belly, than taken by the mouth. That

we never be unmindful of things appropriate, as are the guts of a wolfe dryed and poudered, the stones of a horse, Quercetans powder com∣pounded of the inward coate of a hens mawe, and the white dunge of the same each half an ounce; the pouder of the inward skin which is found in eg-shels, two drams and an half; of rup∣ture wort, cinnamon, each four scruples; of med∣lar kernels two drams; of an is and fennel seeds each one dram: the dose is from half a dram to a dram at the most with white wine, &c. Crato prescribes for preservation.

• 1. A glister made of one pound of the decoction of speedwel in hen broth, adding half a pound of mallego wine, and half a dram of mirrh.
• 2. Outwardly, oyl of mirrh.
• 3. Three hours after supper one scruple of Zedoary sliced.
• 4. Every month in the morning before meat one scruple of treacle.

See more in Practitioners.

The diffences are taken either from the part it self, or from the causes.

I. One is of the whol gut, in which the pain is about both the loyns, and below the region of the stomach neer to the navel, which is very dangerous. Another is of part of the Gut, in which if the beginning of it be opprest the pain afflicts in the right loyn. If the middle of it, the paine shows it self in the left. If the end of it, the region of the navel next to the left is pai∣ned. There is less danger ariseth because glysters may have access; but note, that sometimes the loyn is affected with a pain above the navel in the hypochondries.

II. Another is from diseases, as,

• 1. Worms, whose signs and cure see in its place,
• 2. An inflamation of the Guts, which was formerly described, and is increased by meats and drinks that are hot.
• 3. From Stones; of the cure of which elsewhere.

Another is from humors,

• I. Thick and viscous sticking between the coats of the gutts, which is known by this, that the pain is, as if a stake were driven through them, by reason of the violent distension of the coats in that place, neither is it asswaged by belching or breaking of wind, and the gut it selfe is corroded, which proceeds from glassy flame. They arise cheifly in them who are given to drunkenness and idle∣ness, and in whom choler, which is the spurre of the expulsive faculty, flows not to those places. In the Cure observe.
  • 1. That strong glisters cast in at first and often repeated do more hurt than good, because they stirre the matter but bring it not forth,
  • 2. That we use not for attenuation things eminently hot, lest the matter being suddainly resolved, wind be multiplyed.
  • 3. To attenuate and discuss, the oyle of Zedoary often given from three grains to one scruple is good. White whorebound, the decoction of Speedwel, the Oyl of Orange pills given four grains with wine,
  • 4. If the paine continue, we must proceed to dry fomen∣tations, by which that which was melted and attenuated, may be dryed up and discussed.
  • 5. We must abstaine from Agrick for feare of vomiting, which at that time is in no wise safe.
  • 6. Where gentle purgers do not good, the essence of the trochisks of alhandal extracted with di∣stilled mallegoe sack, and Rulandus his golden spirit of life, must be given from half an ounce to an ounce & half at the most.
  • 7. we must who∣ly abstaine from opiates.
• II. From sharp and cholerick humors sticking in the coats and ves∣sels, which are knowen by the accute pain, thirst, bitterness of the mouth, watchings; though by the first glister some excrements be brought forth, yet afterwards nothing almost is emptied. There are oftentimes joined with it tertain Feavers, double tertians, bastard tertians. In the Cure note,
  • 1. That the col∣lick from those causes is of long continuance, and is wont to afflict the patient with many re∣lapses.
  • 2. That those humors transmitted to the joints do cause an arthritis, to the back, pains of the back, to the nerves, a palsey.
  • 3. That they are best of al cast forth with the ex∣tract of Rhubarb or Hiera picra mixt with cooling things lest they offend by their heat.
  • 4. If the pains continue after evacuation, Mal∣lego wine may wel be administred with oyle of sweet almonds,
  • 5. That warme milk may also be given in glysters with honey of mercury,
  • 6. In dyet, the fruit of the guord by a cer∣tain natural propiety doth oppose the dis∣ease.

III. Another is from the retention of hard excrements, of which formerly, and in which we must at the beginning abstaine from giveing any purging medicines by the upward parts lest they move the excrements.

Another is from wind conteined in the ca∣vity which cannot get passage, which is known by the distension of the belly, a rumbling, murmuring, which shew themselves in the bowing of the left side. It ariseth cheifly from meats apt to produce a fermentation of the hu∣mors, as are corruptible-fruits, Grapes, new wine, new and thick drink, &c. In the Cure observe,

• 1. That the cure must be begun with anodyne and emollient glysters.
• 2. If these profit not, Some laxative must be given in fat broth, of manna, Oyl of sweet almonds, and

• other things.
• 3. Afterwards we must use discussives. Inwardly are commended a glister made of Mallego wine and oyl of Nuts, each three ounces; aqua vitae one ounce; the distilled oyles of Juniper and Rue, each two drams: ap∣ply it very hot.

A mixiture of Spirits of wine and Spirits of niter, each half a dram or two scrupels given in common water warme. One spoonful of the tincture of orange peels extracted with spirits of wine. Sperma ceti with oyl of sweet almonds. Outwardly gum taccamahac and Caranna applyed to the Navel. The antiapoplectical balsome with one or two grains of Zivet &c.

IV. One is exquisite, of which we have hi∣therto spoken.

Another Spurious, whose cause sticks either in the peritoneum, or in the membranes which are spred over the abdomen and parts of the belly. 'Tis known by this, that the paine is most greivous, and very lasting, and cannot be mitigated neither by glysters nor medi∣cines, nor fomentations, nor by those reme∣dies, by which the true collick pains are abated; and yet it succeeds to long continued feavers, and other cholerick diseases, whose solution is difficult. For nature endeavoring a crisis, and the expulsion of the hurtful humor by the stoole, when she can no where find a ready and cleare way to empty it, doth often cast it out of the veins and bowels into the membranes, whence do arise pains more grievous than the former disease. 'Tis observed by Fernelius that both continuall feavers, and tertians, and more frequently quartans are terminated with these pains, which a long time had their exacer∣bations at certaine circuits, and retained the like order of fits. See concerning this Mat∣theus Martinus on the diseases of the Mesen∣tery.

V. Another is which tends to a particu∣lar palsey, which Palmarius was wont to cure with a syrup compounded of white wine six ounces; Rose water two ounces; pouder of Alar∣bazi or antimony prepared one dram; choice cinnamon one dram and an half; infused al night & strained by gentle pouring it off adding of Sugar eight ounces. The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce, after a draft of chicken broath.

Article, 3. Of Costiveness of body.

Costiveness of body is no casting forth of ex∣crements, or very little in proportion to the nourishment received.

There is no need of signs. The causes shal be explained in the differences. The cure is not to be neglected: for from thence the head is as∣saulted with vapors, the whole body grows heavy, the concoction of the stomach is hin∣dred, the appetite destroyed, the loines grow weak (to wit the veines being burthend, and a preternatural heat caused in them.) Some∣times the belly is moved by sneezing and coughing, sometimes if the diseased walk on the ground bare sooted, &c.

The difference is taken from the excrements and guts.

I. One is by default of the excrements, which either are not by reason of fasting, and the use of meats of good juice. Or do not sti∣mulate, either by reason they are small in quan∣tity, or by reason of the want of choler, which either is carried to other parts as in the jaundice or is not produced out of cold meats. Or they are hard, either by fasting and a hot habit of bo∣dy, or by a continued restraint there, by which it comes to pass, that they forthwith grow dry, and the veins of the mesentery do suck forth somwhat of their juice. Or by reason of gross, tough, astringent meat eaten at first, and not moistned by reason of the too great heat of the liver and kidnies; and then there must be care taken of those parts; we must act by mollefy∣ers. Solenanders liniment is approved of, if the navil be anointed therewith, 'tis compoun∣ded of new oyle, of sweet almonds, goose grease, May butter, dialthea, each two drams; Coloquintida sixteen grains, Salt one scruple and half; the pouder of Simple hiera one scruple diagridium four grains.

II. Another is by fault of the guts, which either do not feel, either by reason of their long custom, or by their stupidity, such as is caused by the drowsy disease, palsy, apoplexy; or by reason of flegme adhering to their coats; of which in the chollick. Or do not cast it forth, either by reason of the narrowness of the passa∣ges from the obstruction of the guts, of which formerly; or of some tumor of the mesentery or bowels pressing the guts; or from the fault of the muscles of the belly; or from the strength of the retentive faculty from the moderate dryness.

Article, 4. Of a Looseness.

Point 1. Of a Lientery, and Coeliaca.

Fluxes of the belly are, A Lientery, Coeli∣aca, Diarrhy, Dysentery, and Hepatick flux. A Lientery is too sudden a voiding by the stool, the nourishment in that forme in which it was received, proceeding from the fault of the retentive and expulsive faculty of the sto∣mach and guts.

The SIGNES are evident, whether you consider the consistence, or the colour, smel, and other qualities of the aliments taken.

The CAƲSE we have laid in the defini∣tion on the faults of the retentive and explusive faculty; of which hereafter in the differen∣ces.

The CURE must be hastened, because this symptome proceeds from a great prostration of the natural heat, and a weakness of the tone of the stomach. 'Tis difficult if it be super∣venient to acute and chronical diseases, because the strength is impaired. It respects,

• 1. The cause, which must be taken away.
• 2. The symp∣tome, which must be stayed by astringent means and things that stregthen the stomach and guts.

The Diffence is taken from the causes.

One is by default of the retentive faculty which is hurt,

• 1. By the refrigeration of the guts, which is caused. I. By immoderate drinking of cold water, especially when the bo∣dy is hot, by a southerne wind over moist and excessive cold, especially in bodies of a fine tex∣ture, &c.
• 2. A cold distemper, which ariseth from flegm either generated there, or sent from some other part covering over the wrinkles of the guts, doth make them laxe and slippery, duls their heat, and closeth up the mouths of the mesaraick veins.

In this for the most part a Celiaca was precedent. If sour belching which was not before, be supervenient to this of long continuance, it is a good signe. The Cure re∣quires a casting forth of the matter either by vomit or stoole, to which end serve, Myro∣balans Chebul. Citrini tamarinds, Rbubarb. A restraint of the same and strengthening of the stomach by the distilled oyles of masticke, wormwood, mint, &c. order of dyet, in which wine takes place. II. by a laxness from the conti∣nuall use of things oyly, fat, and emollient, from whence is too great a mollification of the Mouth of the stomach, whether also belongs the resolu∣tion of the nerve of the sixth payre that con∣tracts the fibres of the inward coat. III. By a strange quality inured, and that either from an evil constitution of the aire, as happens in a popular lientery, or from the unseasonable eating of mushrums, melons, cowcumbers &c. IV. By a thick and smooth scar, such as is wont to follow a great disentery, and a deep ulceration, which by its thickness stopping the Mesaraicks, hinders the distribution, by its smoothness the Retention. This must be rubbed off, and wiped away as it were by eating of sharp things, attenuating and strong abster∣sive, as musterd Seed, Onions, Garlicks, ho∣ney of Roses, Oxymel of Squils, with a Mixture of things a little astringent.

Another is by default of the Expulsive Fa∣culty, which is provoked,

• 1. By an ulcerous Disposition, residing in the Superficies of the Guts and Stomach like pustles. 'Tis known from hence, that there was no Coeliaca going before, and there is a sense of knawing and pain in the stomach. In the cure if the Stomach be in fault, eschew vomits, let the Belly be loosned with lenitives, having some astriction, avoid Fat things. If the Guts be affected, vomi∣ting is good.
• 2. By sharp humors, whether generated there, or falling from some other part, especially the Liver. It is known, as the former disposition. The cure is hard if it be of long continuance, because it passeth into a dysentery: if it be with difficulty of breathing; and a pricking in the side, and the humor fal down from the brain, so that part of it fall up∣on the breast, because it ends in a consumpti∣on. If it be long with gripings, wormes, and paines, because these being over it hath a swel∣ling followes. The sharpness is abated with the decoction of ba••ley, succory & other cool∣ing things: if it continue long, rhubarb pre∣pared in rose water is effectual.
• 3. From the taking of poyson, and then things alexi∣pharmacal must be mixed, the juice of dittan∣der with syrup of pomegranates, is commend∣ed.

II. A Coeliaca is a suddaine passing of drink and meats out of the stomach into the gutts, in which they flow forth like unto chyle, or a milky substance.

The Signs are evident. This passage is com∣pleated within six or eight hours after meat, so that the thinner and subtler parts of the nou∣rishment are alterd and concocted, and so pass into the nourishment of the body, yet the bo∣dy because it is not sufficiently nourisht, wast∣eth

a way. The pulse is frequent, and heat afflicts as if there were a feaver; when they are going to stool some light fainting seize on them. Before it breake forth the belly is dis∣tended and struts out.

The CAUSE of it is cheifly the il distri∣bution of the chyle, which is bred by the ob∣struction either of the mesentery, spleen, or liver, and then the chyle is voided white, the obstructions must be opened. Or the weak∣ness of the attractive faculty in the liver, and then the chyle is somwhat dyed with a little reddish colour, the liver must be strengthened. Or the immoderate Quantity or corruptible nourishments and drinke; for hence there is much filth heaped up in process of time; being increased in those parts tis corrupted, and by its quantity or quality provokes the expulsive faculty.

The CURE Respects the Causes, as we have said, al the superfluous humor being emptied the flux stayes of it self, somtimes on the same day it began, sometimes on the next.

Point 2. Of the Diarrby.

A Diarrhy is an immoderate, frequent, and continual going to stoole, in which excre∣mentitious and sincere humors, by their quan∣tity or quallity stiring up the expulsive facculty of the stomach and guts, do flow forth with∣out an inflamation, lientery, exulceration, Tenesmus, or vehement sence of paine.

There is no need to touch upon the Signes, for they are explaned in the definition.

The Cause is al that which doth preternatu∣rally irritate and encrease the expulsive faculty of the stomach and guts: on the contrary doth debilitate and destroy the retentive, whether it be done by it self, or by consent.

The Cure is difficult if it befal a great bellied woman, because it withdraws the nourishment from the child, by moving, relaxes the ligaments and by raising up of filthy vapors causeth abor∣tion. 'Tis easier if vomiting succeed, because there is a revulsion of the matter from the low∣er parts to the lower. If it happen after an ophthalmy, because the matter is revelled from the upper parts to the lower. If it be super∣venient to one sicke of a dropsie, though it be violent, at the begining of the disease, in ful strength and the bowels sound, because there is an evacuation made of the matter causing the disease from the whole habit of the body by the stool. It must not presantly be attempted if such matter be purged as ought to be, if it do good, and they beare it easily, if there be no feaver. For oftentimes to have a flux for one day or more is healthful, if it stop within seven dayes, if it be presumed from the circm∣stances to be critical. 'Tis accomplished.

• 1. By Emptying of the matter it selfe, By rhu∣barb in substance, mechoacan, tamarinds, myrobalanes, and syrup of roses solutive.
• 2. By revulsion, which is done by bleeding, vomi∣ting, frictions, ligatures, urine, sweats.
• 3. By the use of astringents, of which if we consider the simples the cheife are, tormentil roots, Plan∣tane, avens, sloes. The leaves of plantan, loose∣strife. shepherds pouch. The seeds of Purs∣lane, of cresses torrified. The flowers of roses, pomegranates. Woods, red Saunders. Spices, Nutmegs. Minerals, terra sigilata, bole armi∣nicke, Chrystal, &c. If the compounds, they are, Tragaea of Elder berries, Quercetan in his pharmacopoea, c. 21. the bones of a man calci∣ned, terra dulcis vitrioli, crocus martis, burnt hartshorn, new treacle, old conserve of roses, diascordium, sperniolae compositum, and if the flux be too vehement, Philonium Ro∣manum, and laudanum opiate.
• 4. The diet, in which steele water takes place; an immul∣sion of sweet almonds in tormentil water, or the decoction of Oake leaves, the pouder of diatragacanthum in reer eggs, &c.

The Differences of a Diarrhy are Vari∣ous.

I. One is from things external, as purging medicines causing a super-purgation, which is stopped with the root of dropwort given in wine, by steeled milk given by glyster, by lau∣danum opiate. From poysons, against which alexipharmaca must be opposed, especially some graines of an emrald praepared in a conve∣nient water. Another is from things internal, of which hereafter.

II. One is from the whol Body, which is either with a Feaver, or without a Feaver, as shal be said in the following Difference. An∣other is from some part, which see in the fifth Difference.

III. One is with a Feaver, the matter causing the Flux being transmitted from the whol Body, which is known by this, that things very crude, moist and watry, are cast forth with a noise, either often and little at a time, or much and altogether, and there are present the Signs of a Feaver. 'Tis hardly Cured, if in a disease of long continuance with lothing of

meat, stools be sincere, that is, such as have no wa∣tery moisture mixt with them because they shew a burning up of the native moisture by a weak heat: if they be voided with often noise, and too much, because that argues a crude stoole from vitious humors, this because the often labor of going to stool causeth deliriums, and these have danger of fainting depending on them: If the stooles be thick, white, green, yellowish, frothy, because they demonstrate crudities, a disturbed flux, plenty of yellow choler in the guts, a mixture of a windy spirit with the humor. Sometimes by no meanes if the stooles be black, fat, lived, like the rust of brass and stinking. The cure is undertaken by the same means as before, ha∣ving respect unto the Feaver. It is divided twofold.

• 1. Either it is Critical, which is to be stayed and promoted; or, Symptomati∣cal for a time, which nature stimulated by the quantity or quality of the matter, doth order before concoction, but with strength of its fa∣culty, which is neither to be stopped nor pro∣moted, nor sometimes to be left to nature, but the matter to be emptyed must be revelled, al∣tered. Or plainly Symptomatical, which is from the irritation of the cause of the disease, nature being unwilling as it were, which must be opposed by the remedies before rehearsed.
• 2. Or it is colliquative, or not, of which see the following difference.

Another is without a feaver, which is known by this, that the humor is seldom voided under its p••••per forme, but changed, and that 'tis sig••••yed by no signs that it doth proceed from the too much heaping in of corrupt meats, or other causes; there are no signs present of any particular part affected. It is caused some∣times when serous humors the cause of a drop∣sy are voided by the stoole, or when in sound men, whose veins abound with very much serum, the night or morning cold of the autum peircing deep into their bodies doth repel the serous humors from the outward vessels tow∣ards the inward, & into the greater passages of the vena Cava, which at last being carried to the bowels, and to the creeping branches of the mesentery, flow into the cavity of the gutts. Concerning the cure, note, That medicines are best given in a solid form; That Oyle must not be mixed with vomiters; that we must act with things incrassating and abstersive together; that the Serosities are best of all dispersed by sweaters.

IV. Another is colliquative, which other∣wise is called a colliquative flux, which is known by this, that the excrements are for the most part endewed with divers colors, com∣monly very stinking, Sometimes fat and vis∣cous, that there is a feaver present, either bur∣ning or malignant, or hectick, the body sud∣dainly is wasted beyond measure, &c. It hap∣pens in burning feavers, a hectick, ptisick, in∣flamations, in which by the great heat, not on∣ly the humors in the veins, but the next aliment of the parts is melted, and if it be thinner it is dissipated, if thicker it flows to the belly. The cure is for the most part in vain, especial∣ly in hectick bodies and ptisical, whose haire falls off: we must act with coolers, moistners, and somewhat astringent, which are not so much to be applyed outwardly as inwardly, least the flowing forth of the preternatural heat be hindered.

Another is not colliquative, of which in the third difference.

V. Another is from the guts when the mat∣ter causing the diarrhy resides in them, and then the causes are,

• 1. Somtimes Worms, whose signs wil be ready, and they must be driven a∣way with their proper remedies.
• 2. The ob∣struction of the mesaraick veins that they at∣tract not the chyle, which being collected there, doth by its plenty stimulate the guts; and then the chyle is voided white; a consump∣tion followeth if the fluxe last long we must act cheifly with openers, and truly with such, which also are good for the liver, and do not provoke to stool.

Another from the brain, which sends an in∣spid or salt flegm into the Guts, cheifly in the night, the patient sleeping on his back, which either makes the coat of the stomach and guts slippery, or mixed with the meat weakens the concoction. 'Tis known by this, that there are present the signs of an infirme brain, and 'tis most familliar with stutterers, by rea∣son of their moisture. In the cure, Gargarisms and masticatories must be avoided, least the matter of the catarrh be drawn into the sto∣mach. Vesicatories may be applyed to the first and second vertebra of the neck.

Another from the stomach, which is known by the signs of the stomach affected. It ariseth either from corrupt meats, either of themselves then because nature is very much irritated, the other humors in the body are stirred up, an e∣vil disposition is brought into the stomach, and this diarrhy is dangerous; or from the manner of taking them, and then there is less danger. Or from excrementitious humors heaped there by reason of depraved concoction; which som∣times also are sent from elsewhere, by reason of

their evilness are not attracted by the liver, and do stir up the expulsive faculty to excre∣tion.

The Cure hath nothing Singular.

Another is from the Liver which is obstruct∣ed either in the hollow part, where we must act with openers; or in the Gibbous part, and then diureticks do good. Or abounds too much with Choler, and then there wil be the signs of a distempered Liver. In the Cure is commen∣ded for its astriction; Old Cheese broken smal, washt with some cooling and astringent water, and fryed in a Pan. The Diureticks must not be sharp.

Another from the Spleen, which Casts off a Melancholly Humor collected there, or deri∣ved from some other part, so that the stool is somtimes black as Pitch, by reason of blood from some vessel opened in the hypochondries and poured into the Guts, and there burnt to a blackness, and then there are signs of the Spleen affected. Blood falling out of the Vessels and concreting, if it be stopped, causeth swounings and other greivous evils. Somtimes the Scurvy concurs. Least the biting Humor exulcerate the Guts, detersive and tempering Clysters ought often to be cast in.

Another from the womb, when the Humors and Courses being stopt are carried to the Li∣ver, from thence to the Guts. Then somtimes periods of time are observed; in the Cure regard must be had to the Courses.

Point, III. Of a Dysentery.

A Dysentery is a frequent, bloody, and Purulent going to stool, with a Pain in the Belly, and Exulceration of the Guts, from a sharp corroding matter peculiarly offensive to the Guts.

The Name of Dysentery is attributed also to a diarrhy, in which the Humors which are voided do Cause torments, although there be no Exulceration: and with this if blood som∣times be voided, that comes rather from an opening of the Vessels, than an Exulceration of the Guts.

The SIGNS are an often going to stool, because the Guts are stimulated by the acri∣mony of the Humor; somtimes continually if the matter be sufficient, somtimes it returns periodically every third day. The pain and torments of the Belly are especially at going to stool, and a little before the excretion. Those things that are voided are, somtimes Choler∣ick, and of divers kinds, somtimes mucous and bloody, somtimes wholly different from the natural kind of excrements. A Feaver som∣times when the Disease hath lasted for some daies, by reason of restlessness and putrefacti∣on. See the difference from an Hepatick flux in the Chapter of that; It differs from an im∣postumation, at whose breaking there follow eliquations as it were of matter, because in that a beating pain doth precede neer the affected place, and there is neither biting nor looseness, &c.

The CAUSES are sharp Humors cor∣roding the Guts, and peculiarly offensive to them, conteining I know not what Antimoni∣al, Helleborine, or somwhat like unto the Sea Lungs, offensive to the Lungs, and like to Cantharides inimicous to the bladder. These infected by a Dysenterical Contagion, peir∣cing into the Veins and arteries do cause a Fer∣mentation and imprint a disposition like unto it self, by a stain on the whol mass of blood, and stir it up with the other Humors as purgers do: they fix also an evil disposition on the Guts, so that the chyle passing by is changed into a vitious Humor, and the Excrements of the Belly receive not a natural Elaboration and quality. Somtimes in human bodies they are rendred such by the occult influences of the stars; hence sucking children, who never came into the open aire, and were only nourisht with their Mothers Milk, are somtimes taken with a Dysentery. But they have their Original from Waters carried through Leaden and Old condites; from the spring Aire, rainy and sou∣therly after a dry and northerly winter, both by reason that the drying up of the Humors is hindred, and by the strong puttefying power in moisture: from a hot and dry Aire, thence at the begining of the autum, and end of the Summer this Disease is raised, and Reigns cheifly in the hottest Countries. From evil and unaccustomary Meats, hence in Aegypt and India 'tis common because they feed on the flesh of beasts which are nourisht by Cassia Fistula. From autum, Fruits, both because they easily putrefie, and because by their astri∣ction they retaine those which are putrefied. The use of Grapes and new Wine, because they make a Fermentation, and are easily tainted with foulness, Blasting, dews.

The CURE is Difficult in women by rea∣son of their tenderness and weakness; in Chil∣dren by reason their Guts are moister, and therefore subject to Putrefaction; in Old

people by reason of the greatness of the cause that is the acrimony of the humors in a body indisposed, and Feebleness of strength. 'Tis doubtful if the stools be sincere, that is, mixt with no waterish moisture. If the effusion of pure blood be joyned with it, for it shews that the greater veins are corroded. If loathing of meat afflict with a feaver, because the stomach being drawn into consent, the concoction is weak∣ened, & there is some ulcerous putrefaction in the guts. If cholerick vomitings seize at the be∣gining, because it argues a great power of boyling choler which troubles the upper and lower belly. If the stools be continual, or that stopping a new dilute flux, bloody like to an hepatick flux; or a filty diarrhy do fol∣low. If it invade with a feaver or with divers colored stools, or an inflamation of the liver. If it happen to a woman great with child, and bate not after the delivery of the child and voiding of the secundine. Of some hopes, if the excrements be changed, unless the change be to worse, if belching or farting succeed because it is a signe that nature doth begin to concoct. If it befal the splenitick, because the melan∣cholly humors are carried away, where we must wel distinguish between the melancholy blood concrete in the guts, and black choller. If it follow madness, because it betokens that the matter is translated from the head to the lower parts. Of little hopes, if black choller be voided of its own accord, no feaver going before, nor good concoction appearing, because it differs nothing from an ulcerated cancer. If convul∣sions and ravings Succeed, because they shew the matter is carried to the head and nerves. If peices of flesh be voided, because the substance of the guts cannot be regenerated, nor a scarre be drawn over so great an exuleration. If any one releeved from an acute disease be taken with it, because his strength is not able to un∣dergoe it. If in process of the disease the hic∣kops follow, if a black pustle like to a vetch appear behind the left ear with a great thirst, because it signifies death on the twentieth day.

The Cure is accomplisht.

• 1. By revulsion and derivation of the humors rushing to the guts, where Bleeding takes place if there be plenty of blood: if it rush violently with the humors to the guts; if there be an inflamation, or if it be feared. If the Feaver be continual. If a hot liver minister matter. Yet note it must be emptyed by little and little, timely and at the first dayes, least the strength be dejected, the median or liver vaine must be opened with a smal orifice: the vein of the ancle if some accustomary evaccuation be stopt.
• 2. By emp∣tying the corroding humors, so that the strong∣er be avoided, because they move the humors to the guts. Let the purging be at the begining, before there folow too great exulceration; and that very often that the humor may be taken a∣way. The syrup made of the infusion of dam∣aske Roses is commended, Myrobalans, Ta∣marinds, the infusion of Rhubarb first of al not torrefied, afterwards torrified if we would binde a little. Mechoacan, by whose frequent use the belly is dryed. The decoction of my∣robalans, which see in Sennertus.
• 3. By the abstersion of the same humors by glysters made of barly, the yelks of egs, honey of roses, Su∣gar and other things, according as the exulce∣ration is greater or less.
• 4. By mitigation of the pain, for which serve cows milk, so that the body be purged, and if there be a Feaver. Let it be mixt with plantane water; or let it be boyled with flints, with yelks of egs, and the mucilage of quince seeds and cast in by glister. Mulein, goats suit mixt with the same; a clyster described by Sennertus of a weathers head.
• 5. By stopping of the flux, by the medicines rehear∣sed in a diarrhy, to which ad raw services, if the flux be most desperate a Nutmeg rosted in the embers if there be no feaver; the decoction of the clay of the furnace in steeled milke, new treacle if there be no inflammation, the pouder of a dogs-turd fed three dayes with bones, drank with goats milke, Laudanum opiate: but these ought so to be administred, that sometimes hot, sometimes cold things be given. To cooling things let hot things be mixt that helpe concoction; al in a smal quan∣tity least the flux be stopt suddenly, and let them be given often, because they stay not long in the guts.
• 6. By the use of mundefiers and things that fil up the hollow ulcer, &c. in which observe that when as the pain is exaspe∣rated by the use of detersivnes, the glyster be∣ing voided, another must be given made of milk.
• 7. By the application of topicks, con∣cerning which, note that astringents are of force rather in lean bodies than in fat, when as in these they cannot penetrate. Things very cold, neither vertually nor actually must not be chosen: vinegar or thin white wine must be mixed with them.

Cataplasmes are of no force in a dysentery from sharpe choller, when as they leave a biting quality behind them. 8. By dyet, in which biskit bread, milk of sweet almond, sthe flower of sugar, &c. take place.

The Differences of a Dysentery are Divers.

I. One is in making, when the exulceration begins onely in the superficies of the guts, and

there from them suffering an inflamatory dis∣position, their temper being destroyed.

Another is already made, when the corrosi∣on peirces deeper, and either fibres and smal skins of the inward coat are voided with blood, or peices of the fleshy substance cut off from the proper substance of the guts are voided with membranous shavings and much blood and purulency, which is the utmost degree of malignity.

II Another is of the smal guts, in which the pain is most acute by reason that they are membra∣nous; the stool is longer after the torments, the blood is exquisitely mixt with the excrement by reason of the longer passage, the blood is blacker. Purging medicines must be given by the mouth: 'tis almost incurable.

Another of the great guts, in which the paine is less by reason of their fleshiness, tis cheifly perceived about the navel, by reason of their situation; the stools are quickly after the torments; the blood & purulent matter swims upon the excrements of the belly. Note that for the most part the great guts are tainted, and being tainted medicines are best administred by glisters. Somtimes the stomach and neighboring parts are drawn into consent, somtimes the belly over against the ulcer and hole is perforated, by reason of the putrefaction communicated to it.

III. Another is from things external, viz. either from poysons, whose cure is performed by vomits; by things that dul them whiles they teare, as milk, rice, fat broths; by antidotes, cheifly six grains of an emrald prepared; but they must abstain ten hours from meat, and sweat. Or by purging medicines that are very strong, and then if you consider the cure, after abstersives 'tis good to drinke warme milke, new treacle, &c.

Another is from things internal, of which hereafter.

IIII. Another is epidemical and malignant, in which we must act with things alexiphar∣macal, amongst which are harts-horn, terra sigilata, Corals, saphyres, water germander, pulvis Bezoardicus aureus. The same may be mixt with purgers.

Another is simple, to which those things a∣bove may be applied.

V. One is from Yellow choler, from which for the most part it begins, the which some∣times is generated in the stomach, somtimes in the guts, sometimes is cast from the bladder of gall, the meseraick veins, the whole body.

Another from Black choler, which if it be voided by reason of a crisis in feaverish diseases it may be cured. It ought not to be purged before it be tempered, and then with Lenitives.

Another is from Choler of a leek color, and the rust of Brass, which though by Nature col∣lecting it self it may be cast off, yet not pre∣sently.

Another is from Salt Flegm, which som∣times is produced in the head from a great heat, somtimes in the stomach; being carried to the Guts, and by its clamminess sticking long to them, it troubles them, and at length Exulce∣rates. 'Tis hardly Cured. 'Tis wel rooted out with Agarick and Mechoacan.

Point, 4. Of the Bloody and Hepatick flux.

I. The bloody Flux is known both by the sight, and by this, that it is voided without pain and exulceration. It ariseth. 1, By reason of plenty of Blood proceeding either from a hot distemper of the Liver, and then there wil be signs of fulness. 'Tis voided with∣out pain and wasting of the Body; the Urin is thin, of a Goldish color. Thirst oppresseth both by reason of the wasting of the moist substance, and the heat of the Liver. In the Cure the diet must be abated, the Liver must be corrected by succories and other proper coolers, steeled milk, &c. If Choler be mixt with it, it must be emptyed. Or from the cutting off of some member, and then blood must be let according to Course. Or from the suppression of some accust omary Evacuati∣on, and then we must act by frictions, the stoppage must be opened. 2. by reason of a vein broke or opened, which is known by this, that it is cast up also by vomiting. Some vehement fal hath happened before. Fainting is Caused by reason of the putrefaction in the stomach. The cure is difficult.

II. An Hepatick flux is either Exquisite, which is known by this, that that which is void∣ed doth look thinly red, as the washing of the flesh of a beast newly kild, doth not clod to∣gether, doth flow more frequently, yet not so often as in a dysentery; without any knawing, but yet not without a Heavy pain; the Eye∣lids are swelled and the Feet, the excrements are crude. It ariseth from a weakness of the Liver, and the defect of natural heat in it, from causes that do dissipate, or choak it up. The Cure must be hastened because this Disease Leads to an ill habit of Body, a dropsie, and Consumption. 'Tis hard when tis beginning, and in young men. Almost incurable when its inveterate and in old men, and in them also whose spittle is bloody, somwhat pale, or clearly cholerick. It excludes Purgers, and

is perfected only with altering & strengthning medicines mixt with the meats (Hens Livers Chickens and Geese stones, are commended.) Or Spurious, in which the blood is either acrid by the mixture of Choler, or thick by its long stay in the Liver, or elsewhere, or faeculent by reason of the foulness of the Liver because the Spleen doth not attract the feculent parts.

Title, IV. Of the Af∣fects of the right Gut.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the right Gut.

THe Diseases of the right Gut are, Infla∣mation, warts, Clefts, and Fistulaes.

I. Inflamation comes either from violent Causes, or from Medicines, and corroding cauteries. It is known by the sharp Launcing pain, fixt in one and the same place, by a vain desire of going to stool, in which by reason of the greatness of the Tumor obstructing, no∣thing or very little is voided. The cure is dif∣ficult both because the part is endewed with an acute sense, and because the Excrements of the Belly hinder Applications, and because by rea∣son of the heat and moisture of the place, the Disease degenerates into Ulcers.

II. Warts are either Condylomata, or swel∣lings of the Skin of the Anus, viz. Hard and callous bunchings, growing out from a Melan∣choly humor more troublesom than painful. Or Thymi or the rougher warts, having a narrow basis and large superficies, which do easily pour forth blood into the same; which if they grow out much are called Ficus; If they bleed, they are worst of al, especially if a disposition to a Cancer draw neer. Or Crista, or excerescen∣ces of flesh arising from preposterous Venery. They are taken away either with the Ashes of Mouse dung boyled with Wine and applied: or with the oblong shels of Fishes found by the Sea side, calcined and boyled the same way and applied. That they grow not again they must be anointed with Vineger, and the Ashes of the Twigs of a Vine.

III. Rhagades or Clests are oblong Ul∣cers of the Anus without a tumor, and those su∣perficial or deep, Callous or without a Callus, moist and pouring forth filth, or dry and Can∣crous: they arise.

• 1. From the too much hard∣ness of the Excrements, which in their passage do break the Skin.
• 2. From a dry distemper, having joyned with it sharp Humors and som∣times malignant, where moistners take place.
• 3. from flowing of sharp corroding humors that have a certain clamminess, by reason of which they stick to the part, and then an itching and most sharp pain with burning troubles them. The Purgers ought to be gentle and moistning. Care is to be taken of the Virulency which discovers it self by the filthy smel and evil matter. A Clyster of the Mucilage of Tragacanth, the Seeds of Flea∣wort, of each one ounce and an half; Fresh Butter, three ounces; Red Sugar, one ounce; Oyl of Violets, five ounces; is com∣mended.

IV. Fistulaes do follow inflamations, Tu∣mors and Ulcers of the Anus ill Cured. They are known by their narrow Orifice, but a bo∣some lurking within. There is voided thence matter somtimes watry, somtimes virulent. They are divided into those which do not pe∣netrate either into the right Gut, or into the bladder, which is discoverd by putting in a Probe; which if they bring no great discom∣modity are only to be Mundefied with the De∣coction of Agrimony and a little Alum: and the Orifice if it be too narrow must be dilated with Elder Pith that the matter be not retain∣ed: but if they ought to be Cured, universals premised, they must be washed, dilated, and cut. And those which do Penetrat either to the Right Gut, and then the Excrements of the Belly are voided through them, and liquor in∣jected comes out through the Gut: or to the Bladder, and then the Water is made through them. Or to them both, and then a Fart is let from the Privities as wel as from the Arse. All these are seldome Cured. Amongst things con∣solidating, Joel commends the pouder of Mer∣cury Precipitate strowed on, laying over it a common Plaister. Ursenick prepared, or re∣duced to an Oyl layd on, and the same Plaister over it. If the Fistula be in the Sphincter muscle, the Excrements of the Belly issue forth of their own accord. See Hippocrates con∣cerning them.

V. Hither belongs also an Intertrigo, which is an Excoriation of the Parts neer to the Anus arising from vehement motion. 'Tis Cured with Deers and Goats Suet.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes of the right Gut.

THe Symptomes of the right Gut are; Itching of the Anus, Tenesmus, the flux of the Hemorrhoids, and the stopping of them.

Article, I. Of Itching and the Tenes∣mus.

The I-ching of the Anus is a Certaine pain∣ful tickling of the same.

T••e••e is no need of Signs. The Differ∣ences are taken from the Causes.

• I. One is from sharp, Salt, and Viscous Humors sticking to the ••phinter, which must be emptyed: but the Arse must be washed with the Decoction of the Leaves of Mallows, Violets, Roses with P••an••ane water and a little Alum.
• 2. Ano∣ther is from the Excrements left there, which are wel washt off with the Decoction of Mul∣lein.
• 3. Another from Worms, of which in the••r Chapter.
• 4. Another from an ulcer, to the which the Cure must be directed.

II. A Tenesmus is a continual desire of going to stool, with pain, in which either no∣••••••ng, or a few Mucous things are voi∣••••d.

I here is no need to add any Signs; somtimes the right Gut fals forth, and a dropping or difficulty of Urin happens, by reason of the ••••wee••ness and consent of their Parts.

The CAUSE is whatsoever is fixt to the ex••••eam part of the right Gut, and can stimu∣la••e its Expulsive Faculty: but what that is, shal be explained in the Differences.

The CURE must not be neglected, be∣cause from neglect of it oftentimes a sordid Ulcer remains, which somtimes passeth into a Fistu••a. It respects the Causes and the pain which must be mitigated.

The Differences are taken from the Cau∣ses.

• I. From the too great cooling, of the right Gut, which is taken away with the Decoction of ••he Flowers of mullein, chamomel, Me∣l••lo••, Dill, with the Seeds of Flax, Fenu∣gre••k, Bran.
• II. From the Stone or worms, concerning which see in their places.
• III. From the cause producing a Dysente∣ry, and then the manner of Cure is the same almost with that of a Dysentery. Let the quantity of the Clyster be but little, the Ulcee be washed and healed. The Mucilage of th-Seeds of quinces and Fleawort extracted li∣quid with Water or Plantane, Nightshade is good, adding Bole armenick or washt aloes and cast in by Clyster.
• IV. From Cholerick humors, or Flegma∣tick and Salt sticking to the same, where a Clyster of the broth of weathers Flesh with a few drops of Oyl of Wax being given takes place, &c.

Article, II. Of the Flux and stoppage of the Hemorrhoids.

The Flux of the Hemorrhoids is too great a casting forth of blood by the Hemorrboidal Veins.

This Disease hath no need of SIGNS: First of al there flowes black blood, feculent and thick, and it comes forth as it were by drops whiles they wipe their brich, afterwards good and ruddy, at last yellowish and pale. From thence the thighs grow weak, the Hips feel a heavy pain, the color of the Face is depraved. Somtimes it observes its Periods, somtimes it neglects them.

The CAUSE is whatsoever doth either Irritate the Expulsive faculty of the Veins and arteries of the Liver or Spleen; or hurts their retentive.

The CURE shews it must be supprest, which is performed by Revulsion, by opening a Vein, and by the external and internal use of astringents. Outwardly are good by a pro∣priety, a girdle of the Leaves of Black Hel∣lebor bruised, fresh, and girt about the naked body; upon the use of which, if pimples be raised the pain must be taken away by its re∣medies. Spunges which grow under the seats of hot Houses in baths, if they be burnt to pouder in a new pot, and strewed on. Col∣cothar or that thick Feces which is left at the distilling of Oyl of Vitriol, if they be toucht with it, one only being left. Inwardly is commended Essentia Martis, of which see Hartman. A Confection of the refuse of Iron. The Old Conserve of Roses with Bole armenick, &c.

The Differences are taken from the Part•• and Causes.

I. One is of the internal, which ariseth from a branch of the Spleen, extended through the

Mesentery about the Colon and right Gut, in the Muscles of the Anus and inward part of the Gut, having an Artery joyned with it, that alone is there terminated. It is known by a weight about the Fundament, difficulty of going to stool, by Clysters, Suppositories, or an instrument. And also if a Cupping-Glass be applied, as Zacutus hath done.

Another is of the External, which proceed from the Epigastrical branch of the Vena Ca∣va, and are disseminated to the external parts of the right Gut, viz. The Muscles of the Anus, but they are two, having an Artery joy∣ned with them from the Hypogastrical Artery. Yet they seem al to have communion one with another. It is known by the sight, and because 'tis greater, 'tis also more dangerous. In the Cure external things have a convenient Appli∣cation.

II. One is by default of the blood, which either is too much, and then there are signs of fulness, we must revel by bleeding in the Arme, or if strength wil not bear it, by fixing Cupping-Glasses to the Loyns or Hypochondries. Or sharp and thin, and then it happens most to Southern people, especially to men that are Sanguine. Serous Humors if strength wil bear it, ought to be emptyed: if not, we must use coolers and things that thicken the blood; a∣mongst which, Purslane, Trochiskes of burnt Ivory, and Amber do excel. Or it flows from the Liver, and then 'tis like to Water in which flesh new kill'd is washt. The Syrup of corals is good. Or from the upper Parts, and then the blood is black and burnt. Or from the Mesentery, and then 'tis little, somwhat white & Serous. Or from the Guts, and then 'tis mixt with the Excrements.

Another is by default of the Veins, which either are opened, in which Cause we must use Agglutinatives, as the Mushrum, which is cal∣led the Wolfes Fart, &c. Burning and cutting, the which are dangerous, especially in those that are inveterate and of long continuance. Or Eaten through and broke, and this Evacua∣tion Casts a man into a Dropsie and other Diseases.

II. The Suppression of the Hemerhoids is an interception of the blood endeavouring to get forth through the Veins of the Anus, from whence they are raised up into a Tumor with pain.

The Signs are a tumor and bunchings out in the heads of the veins of the Anus, sometimes hard & like unto warts, somtimes soft caled like to mulberries, somtimes of a purple colour, and like to grape stones; the pricking paine, is somtimes milder, somtimes more greivous, the Veins being distended whose Mouths hangs as it were out of their heads, and the membrane which covers the orifices of the Veins, stretcht and prest.

The CAUSE is Faeculent and thick blood desiring to get forth.

The CURE must be hastened, both be∣cause it threatens a dropsie if the blood run back to the liver, and because unless it be sea∣sonably remedied, by reason of the great at∣traction, and flux of humors it causeth infla∣mation, impostumation or a fistula. It is per∣formed,

• 1. By mitigation of the pain, which is asswaged by the crum of Barly bread steeped in womans milk, adding the yolk of eggs and saffron. 'Tis taken away with laudanum dis∣solved in womens milke, & applied with honey, but most of al with Butter, Sugar or anima Satur••••, with flies of sheeps dung boyled in oyl of flax to the consumption of the creatures, with the ashes of corke burnt, and boyled with capons grease, with the oyntment of road-flax, concerning which see Hartman.
• 2. By open∣ing them, universals premised, by application of leeches: or before that be done by an oint∣ment of the Pulp of Coloqintida and oyl of sweet almonds; by the juice of onions mixt with aloes applied, rubbing first the part with a course cloth. Sharp glisters do hurt the guts more, then they provoke the hemorrhoids. Un∣less they swel very much and be very painful, they ought to be left to nature.

In the differences of the internal end exter∣nal veins we must have a care. The suppres∣sion of those is perceived by the squeezing of the Anus, and thrusting up a probe. Of these is obvious to the sight.

Title. V. Of the af∣fects of the Mesentery.

Chap. 1. Of the distemper and obstruction of the Mesentery.

THe affects of the mesentary are, distem∣per, obstruction, inflamation, impostu∣mation and pain.

I. The distemper of the Mesentery for the most part is hot and dry, which ariseth from

the like matter, which either is collected there, of sent thither from some other part. It is collected either in its veins and arteries, and then because the breast hath the greatest con∣sent with the hemorrhoidal artery, because the trunke from whence the artery ariseth descend∣ing from the heart, presently at its first rise, doth propagate the intercostal branches, there are continuall pains felt in the breast: or also in its glandules by their laxness easily drink∣ing up the matter. The cure must not be neg∣lected, because 'tis wont to fore-run a dry drop∣sy. But it hath nothing singular, except this, that by those arteries not onely the first passa∣ges, but also the whol body might be purged, whether you give purging medicines, or inject glysters: and this perhaps is the cause, that purging medicines layd to the navil do move to stool.

II. The obstruction of the mesentery is two∣fold, one when the milky veins are obstructed, which is knowen by this, that a chylous and white flux of the belly doth molest, and a consumption follows, the matter necessary for the nourishment of the body being denyed. That ariseth either from a thick, crude, clammy, viscous chyle, generated of the like meats, or from a tumor of the glandules compressing them. Another is when the mesaraick veins are stopt, which is known by this; that the mat∣ter restrained, causeth a sence of distension and heaviness, beatings of the arteries about the back are troublsome, after taking of meat the evil grows more fierce, and the stomach is com∣prest, &c. That ariseth either from vaporous and thick winds, or from sharp humors, and then the paine is more vehement, sometimes while the evaporation lasteth, the evil posses∣seth the whol cavity of the breast, that somwhat is at hand like unto a suffocation; somtimes there is a tumor raised about the mouth of the stomach, and vaine belchings are produced, those things being supprest that should be voi∣ded by the lower parts. The cure is perfected,

• 1. By openers, and those indeedgentle. That give strength to the liver and Stomach, penetra∣ting incisive, drying, lesning putrefaction, and a little while astringent: not by sweet things but bitter reduced into the forme of electuaries or pills, but that liquor be drunk after them. By tartarous things unless the saltness or sharp∣ness of the humors do hinder, by things that savour of Oxymel.
• 2. By purgers, unless win∣diness do hinder, and those gentle, not con∣stant, after the same manner, given by little and little, liquid.
• 3. By vomiters, but not violent, Platerus his essence of broom is com∣mended.
• 4. By diuriticks that make thick humors fluid &c. the liver is strengthened by Leonius his pills of the refuce of Iron. By Mer∣catus his antidote of steele. By Penotus his arcanum of vitriol, sulphur, and sallows, &c.

Chap. 2. Of the inflammation and impostumations of the me∣sentery.

AN inflammation of the mesentery is a tumor of the same arising from humors poured forth with the nourishing blood into its spaces, or deeply impacted in its glandules, and putrefying by the accession of external heat.

The signs are a slow feaver, for the most part a semitertian, a pain in the Loins, some∣times on both sides, sometimes in the right, which extends it self to the fore part of the bel∣ly, above and about the Stomach; costive∣ness of body, chylous stools, which for the most part a thin matter doth follow, somtimes sincere and yellowish, sometimes mixt with the excrements. It differs from the pains of the stomach, of the womb, Chollick and Stone, by the signs expressed in them. From the Fatness of the Belly, because this may be al comprehended in the hand, because it cleaves to the upper skin, and may be separated from the muscles of the belly. From a tumor of the muscles of the belly, because that where 'tis prest causeth paine, and doth not so much bind the body.

The Cause is explained in the definition; the blood is poured forth thither, because the way for it to the guts is stopt, either by astrin∣gent things, which happens in a dysentery ill cured, or by plenty of thick, clammy humors, suddainly rushing to the guts.

The Cure must not be neglected, for 'tis dangerous both by reason of the feaver with which the patient wasts, and by reason of the putrefaction, by which the mesentery is cor∣rupted. But 'tis extended somtimes to the fortieth day, somtimes to the eighty, somtimes it lasts al the life time, a feaver and collick paines somtimes returning, somtimes ceasing. 'Tis performed as in other inflamations, only note, that the coolers ought to be more benign

least the matter be more impacted. The pur∣gers must be none or gentle, nor in the begin∣ning lest more be attracted, but when the in∣flamation tends to concoction. Neither is Cassia safe enough in the undertaking of the Cure.

As concerning the Differences, somtimes the Guts also are inflamed, and then al things are worse. Somtimes the Inflamation sticks a∣bout the glandules, and then they are lighter. Somtimes the neighbouring Liver is drawn into consent, and then a burning Feaver for the most part goes before, the evil afterwards tending to suppuration, a slow Feaver fol∣lows.

II. Impostumations that do molest the Me∣sentery are various; for,

• 1. If you consider the place, either they are above the Navel, or be∣neath it, or about it.
• 2. If the Constitution, somtimes the Mesentery is found made up of many great Schirrous Tu∣mors.

Somtimes Stones are found in it. Somtimes it hath infinite Impostumations without sense and pain, included in their pro∣per bagg, and conteining, a Gypseous, glu∣tinous or liquid matter. But they are hardly known, and somtimes not till after death; yet if the Belly be swelled, and the Symptomes present, and there are no signes at hand, neither of a dropsie, nor of some other Disease of affinity with it, we ought to su∣spect them. But they are voided prodigiously. Somtimes of its own accord this filth breaks forth by the stool, and oftentimes fetching a cir∣cuit it returnes again. Somtimes being copi∣ously poured forth between the Peritoneum and Muscles of the Belly, it either fals into the Cavity of the belly breaking the Peritoneum, or breaks outwardly by an impostumation, &c. Somtimes this happens, the patient bearing it wel, somtimes it hastens his death. Concer∣ning their Cure these things in general must be noted.

• 1. That the belly ought alwaies to be loose.
• 2. We must make hast with resol∣ving materials, but light, that have an aroma∣tick vertue, mildly astringent.
• 3. Amongst detersives Mercatus his Syrupe of Steel, bears the Palm.
• 4. To Consolidate, Cypres Tur∣pentine any way prepared is to be preferd be∣fore al, especially if the matter offending lurks in the Loyns, and about the Kidneys.
• 5. For the speedier ripening of the impostu∣mation a Bath of sweet water must be often used.
• 6. That the strength is exceedingly con∣firmed with the essence of Arsmart, and Oyl of vitriol.
• 7. Sharp things ought to be avoided, because by their penetrating and abstersive Faculty they corrode the Ulcers, and destroy the temper.

Chap. 3. Of the Pain of the Mesentery, and the affects of the Caul, and Pancreas.

THe pain of the Mesentery is a said sense of it, which ariseth from a hot and sharp matter thrust into the menbranes of it, affli∣cting with a perpetual Pain of the belly and Loins by intervals, especially the time of Autum drawing neer, and som∣times is dispersed into the head and whole body.

The Signs of that to come are a Jaundice dis∣position conspicuous in the eyes, and every where about the temples, the appetite lost, a heaviness increasing in the Hypochondries, seldome going to stool, ruddy Urin. Of that present, a strong suppression of Wind and Ex∣crement, a vehement Pain of the Belly and Loyns, a casting up of Medicines by vomit, little success of Clysters, &c. The strength is not to be Judged by the Puls, for that is smal in al great pains. Of that Increa∣sing, the sick cast off al Hopes, the stone for the most part gathers strength, the neighbouring Muscles of the Belly and the Peritoneum from the internal putrefaction gather Corruption, the pains diffuse themselvs into the whol com∣pass of the belly, nay they pass to the utmost joynts, yet chiefly to those of the shoulder and Feet, at last Convulsive moti∣ons possess them. It is distinguished from the pains of the Womb, Kidneys, Ileon, Sci∣atica, by the signs which are delivered there.

The CAUSES are sharp putrid Humors, endewed with a quality immicous to al the bowels, especially the liver and stomach, which after Nature hath in vain tryed to empty by stool, are cast into the Mesentery, which is nothing else than the peritonaeum doubled and fastend to the Loins.

The CURE is doubtful if the pains be low, because they are the stronger. If they be felt above the navel, and are not dissolved by any Medicines, because they end in a dry dropsie. If pains of the Kidneys succeed by reason of the neerness of the mine of corruption. If

new obstructions succeeding, the evil from thence grows more fierce. Of little or no hopes if vomitings molest, cold sweats, and often hickops. If they last long, the patients be feaverish and loath meat; because 'tis to be fea∣red, least the paine proceeding to the head, do suddenly kil them after the manner of convul∣sions if watchings preserve and be vehement. If an inverted course of nature draw neer. If a hectick arise, or a suppuration of the perito∣neum and neighboring parts. 'Tis performed,

• I. By taking away of the Causes, where do take place,
  • 1. Glysters, which to mollefy ought to be made of Goats milk with cassia and oyle of violets. To clense we must ad a little hiera pi∣cra, and honey of violets,
  • 2. Purgers by inter∣valls repeated, if you perceive obstructions by the ruddy water, gentle, from which notwith∣standing we must exclude manna by reason 'tis abundantly windy,
  • 3. Preparatives and open∣ers of the decoction of Scorzonera, grass, strawberries, with the cordial flowers, to which we must premise anointing of the belly with Oyle of Violets, dil, Chamomel, a little butter in which a Snakes Skin ought first to be boyled.
• 2. By mitigation of the pain by cataplasmes, unctious, fomentations, baths of sweet water, narcoticks also mixt with purgers, &c.

II. The Pancreas doth chiefly labor of ob∣structions, whence the stomach by reason of its neerness is affected, pains and the sence of a weight are caused about the region of the stom∣ach, and pulsations in the back, by the com∣pression of the celiacal artery, and also a diffi∣culty of breathing molests them by the consent of the midriffe. The cure is perfected by the same remedies, as the obstructions of the spleen.

III. The Caule by twiggs from the spleen branch, doth oftentimes receive feculent humors from the spleen, in that part especially, which is between the spleen, the midrif, and the sto∣mach, in its cavity in the left hypochondry un∣der the diaphragma, arising from the connex∣ion of the stomach, Caule, colon and bowels, and having no passage out. Oftentimes from thence the belly in the left part towards the na∣vel is raised up into a tumor, oftentimes the belly being prest, a sound and noyse is heard. They cannot be emptyed unless they vanish by the continued drinking of bath or sharp waters. If it putrefy or suffer an impostumation the cure is in vaine.

Titile VI. Of the af∣fects of the Liver.

Chap. 1. Of the diseases of the Liver.

Article, 1. Of the Distemper of the Liver.

THe diseases of the Liver are, distemper, obstruction, inflamation, a schirrus, wounds and ulcers.

The distemper of the liver, is a swarving of the same from its natural temperament by rea∣son of external and internal causes.

The Signs are fetcht from the hurt of its a∣ction, and others (of which in the differen∣ces.)

The Causes are either not natural and exter∣nal, or the neighbouring parts, as the stomach, heart; and that either by contact, or by com∣munication of matter: or the collection of mat∣ter in the vessels or parenchyma, by reason of some fault of the liver, either innate, or acqui∣red.

The Cure varies according to the nature of the differences. Internal remedies, because the liver is situate in a lower place, ought to be the more efficacious. 'Tis performed, by al∣teration, and removing the matter offend∣ing.

As concerning the Differences, the distemper is fourfold.

I. One is hot, and that either simple or without matter, which is known by this, that there is a loathing of meat, and most of al of flesh, and nevertheless fastings doth hurt, a vehement thirst troubles them, the whole body is hot, especially the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, and either they are moist or dry, the belly is somewhat dry by reason of the extraction of the moisture from the chyle. It is cured by coolers, amongst which the cheife are, the roots of Dandelion and Strawberries, the leaves of Succory, Endive, the seeds of Sorrel, the greater and lesser cold seeds, the wood of Saunders, fruits of Cherries, Cur∣rans, Strawberries. Of compounds, syrupe, of Corals, Strawberries, Sorrel, Citrons, Succory. The Salt of Corralls. Pouders, Diatrion Santalon, diarrhodon Abbatis,

Diamargartium Fridgidum. Mynsichtus his mter vitriolate. Amongst external things, Saccarum Saturni, a Cerote of Saunders, oyle of green olives. The mixture compoun∣ded of the Water Lillies, henbane, the flowers of white lillies, plantane, Red Roses, each one ounce and an half. Salt of Saturne, Camphure dissolved in spirits of wine, each one scruple: Sal Prunella half a scruple, adding a little of Tragacanth, and ap∣plyed to the right hypochondry, &c. Or with matter, which is known by this, that a bitter∣ness of the mouth, a loathing of meat, and a vehement thirst doth trouble them, and a fea∣ver either an intermitting tertian, or a slow fea∣ver, or erratick, doth vex them, by which the body by degrees is dryed up. That choler doth break forth by vomiting and stoole, first of al thin and pale, afterwards thick, truly yel∣low and stinking. It ariseth from choler, ei∣ther generated in it, or sent from the bladder of gal laboring of obstruction, or from some other part. It is cured,

• 1. By revulsion, by opening a veine in the arme, by scarifying, or friction, if the humors flow from some other part.
• 2. By attraction, by Succories cheif∣ly, if the humors be already flowed thither.
• 3. By evacuation, either by the stool, where syrup of Roses, of the Leaves of Rubarb and tamarinds take place, or by urine, where whey, grass roots, barley take place.
• 4. By streng∣thening of the liver that it collect no more.

II. Another is cold, and that either is simple and without matter, which is known by this, that there is a greater desire of meat, no thirst, a voiding of flegmatick, crude, and oftentimes of liquid matter, there is generated a warry and crude blood. 'Tis hardly cured because 'tis more repugnant to the nature and office of the liver; and 'tis cured by things that alter, amongst which the cheife are. The roots of burnet, the true acorus. The leaves of Wormwood, Agrimony, Centaury the less, Betony, Maidenhair, Raisons, Cloves, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Agallochus of com∣pounds, Mynsichtus his tincture of Cassia lig∣nea, treacle, mithridate, Mynsichtus his aroma∣tical rowles. Cratoes confection of Rhubarb. The pouders of Diamargartium calidum. Or with matter, which is known from the forego∣ing of the like causes, the white color of the face and whol body, a soft habit of body, fleg∣matick stools, a heaviness in the right hypo∣chondry. The rise and cure do follow other di∣stempers. The essence of Mars is good, the pre∣paration of which see in Hartman.

III. Another is moist, which is known by the soft pulse, watry blood, liquid excrement, thick urine. The cure is performed by dryers.

IV. Another is dry, which possesses in a contrary manner, neither is there any things singular concerning its cure; for the most part it troubles in composition.

Article, 2. Of the obstruction of the Li∣ver.

The obstruction of the Liver, is a narrow∣ness of the vessels in the liver, caused by a mat∣ter filling up their cavities, and hindring the distribution of the nourishment.

The signs are heavy and obtuse pain in the right part of the hypochondries, which after the taking of meat is increased, especially if soon after meat, some violent exercise be underta∣ken. The excrements varying from their na∣tural manner, oftentimes more liquid and co∣pious, because the chyle is not received. A change of the color especially in the face, by reason that the sanguification and distribution are hurt, &c. But it is frequent that a veine from the porta dispersed through the sub∣stance of the liver in most fine branches is obli∣terated; and it hath others no less smal from the Vena Cava, through al which the nourish∣ment ought to be produced and carried.

The Cause, is the matter filling up the ca∣vities of the vessels, or also the very substance of the liver, whether it be generated there, its action being hurt, either by a distemper, or by some external error: or whether it flow from elsewhere, either by reason of its attra∣ction, or reception.

The Cure is difficult, both by reason of the narrowness of the veins in the liver, and because more diseases do follow upon this. It is per∣formed by things that open obstructions, a∣mongst which are commended, Riverius his extract of pils of amoniacum, made of gum amoniacum, dissolved in Vineger of squills, three drams; the species of biera picra one dram and half; crude aloes four scruples; Myrrh one scruple; Saffron six grains; With Syrup of Wormwood, Quercetans Pilulae tartareae, reformed by Sennertus. Tinctura Martis whose description is in Petreus, from one ounce to two three and more; Deo∣dates pouder compounded of the species of di∣arrhodon, Diatragacanth, each two drams; Agrimony, Madder Roots, Ferne poudred, Sorrel, Purslane seeds, each one dram; Magistral of pearles, Corralls, Crocus Mar∣tis made without corrosives, Crocus Martis

prepared by oyl of sulfer, each foure scruples, with sugar-candy as much as is sufficint given one dram, the former tincture being drank after it. Pils of steele. The decoction of the whitest tartar mundefied and poudered one pound, made with foure ounces of crude steel and two gallons of spring water, and given two ounces in opening broth. Penotus his opening spirit &c. In the cure these things come worth obser∣vation.

• 1. That universals must be premi∣sed before particulars and topicks.
• 2. That medicines ought not to be given to drink but a long while after meat, least they carry with them crude humors to the liver.
• 3. Astrin∣gents must be added to mollifiers, as spicknard, burnt Ivory, that the tone of the liver may be preserved.
• 4. That things attenuating, discussing and resolving ought to be moderate, least the thinner parts discussed, the thicker doth re∣maine.
• 5. That we use sweet things, not as meats but as sauces.
• 6. The medicines must be given liquid, or finely poudered.
• 7. To∣picks must never be applied actually cold.
• 8. After the use of steel-medecines the body must be stirred; unless black excrements do follow we must abstaine from them.

The Differences of this obstruction are va∣rious.

I. One is lately, which is the easier cleared. Another inveterate, which causeth putrefaction and a Feaver, and produceth a jaundice, schi∣rus, and dropsie.

II. One is in the hollow part of the liver, which is known from hence, that nothing is perceived outwardly by reason that the part lurketh deep, the stomach is drawn into consent, from whence is loathing of meat, nauseousness, vomiting, thirst, liquid excrements. It must be cured by things that empty by the stool.

Another in the gibbous part, which is known from hence, that the belly prest on that place doth resist the midrif, especially because the liver is joyned to it; the excrements of the belly appeare bloody by reason of the light change of the chyle into blood. The Cure is the easier, by reason of the penetration of me∣dicines, and the emptying of the obstructing matter by a larger passage, we must act chiefly by things that move urine.

III. One is from Blood either pure, which is remedyed only by the opening of the basili∣ca in the right arme; or cholerick hot and which is joyned with paine, being a long time preter∣naturally imprisoned in the liver, and not time∣ly purged it grows wonderfully thick. Or flegmatick, viscous, and thick, which ariseth from gross meats, viscous, too much by baths, or motion, forced or carried into the smal veins: sometimes it fals from the brain into the stomach, by and by passing through, by de∣grees it penetrates with the nourishment into the smal veins of the Liver.

Another from Winde that is grosse, impri∣soned under its coate, or sticking in the veins, which is known from hence, that the paine is greater, but not continual, there is such a great tumor of the right hypochondry, that it fils up the whole hypochondry, so that the ends of the ribs cannot be perceived: yet tis without heaviness, and being prest it yeelds, it makes no murmuring, and gives no suspition of an impostumation lurking there. It ariseth either from windy meats, from which they must be∣ware; or from the weakness of the liver not able to overcome the matter; & then the matter prepared must be emptied; or 'tis sent from the neighboring parts and the whole body, espe∣cially in flegmatick Feavers. The Cure in general requires carminatives, of which in the dropsie.

Article. III. Of an inflamation of the Liver.

An inflamation of the liver, is a hot tumor of the same arising from blood impacted and putrefying in the substance of the Liver, afflic∣ting with a continual feaver, a heavy paine, and sence of a weight in theright hypochondry.

The CIGNS are a sence of heaviness in the right hypochondry, from the membranes, with which the liver is joyned in some to the bas∣tard ribbs. A tumor in the same, which ap∣peares greater the sick lying on his left side, less the body being bowed to the right, and the liver sliding under the bastard ribbs: A paine reaching from the throat to the bas∣tard ribbs, by reason of the heape of matter restrained, which puls the membrane that lines the Breast. A Feaver whose vehemen∣cy follows the greatness of the inflamation, and at night is exasperated the inflamation grow∣ing hot. A dry cough by intervals by reason of the vapors raised up to the lungs, and afflic∣ting the midriffe by compression. A Difficulty of breathing because the feaver brings a greater necessity of cooling, uneasie lying, both on the right side, because the liver is prest by the stomach and guts, and on the left, because the liver hanging the membranes are retcht. A swift and unequal pulse, by reason of the ne∣cessity

of cooling increased by the hot distem∣per, &c. It is distinguished from an inflamation of the muscles of the belly, and pleura, by the signs mentioned there.

The CAUSE is blood impacted and pu∣trefied, which either is attracted, or transmit∣ted, or flows thither; either by default of its quallity, viz. its thinness, heat, and accri∣mony; or by reason of its quantity and abun∣dance; or by the impulse of external causes, as while hot medicines are applied to the sto∣mach.

The CURE is difficult because a princi∣pal part is affected, and by occasion of it, there is iminent the feare of a dropsie or consumpti∣on. Of little or no hope, if the hickops follow, because it is a signe that the liver is come to the highest inflamation, and so by communion of the nerves the mouth of the stomach is drawn into consent. If a loosness follow, because this voiding of crude matter proceeds from the weakness of the faculty. If a burning and con∣tinual feaver accompany it, because it signifies that bowel is exceedingly inflamed. If it come to Superation, which is known by this, because that happens after the twentieth day if nature be not weake; paines and feavers with other symptomes grow strong, yet most by night: shakings assail in no order, and with no reason, which are attended mith an exacer∣bation of heat: because from the impostuma∣tion there ariseth a sordid ulcer, because tis perpetually washt with the nourishment, and filth of humors; and whereas the solid sub∣stance of the liver as being spermatical cannot be repaired, tis incurable if it tend to indura∣tion, which is known by this, because after forty dayes the feaver and paine doe falsely vanish, without any sensible evaccuation, the tumor and hardness remains in its place with dejection of appetite, and a dayly wasting of the body. Of some hopes, if there be ground it wil resolve, which happens from the first moment of its invasion, to about the four∣teenth day, and is known by the abating of the symptoms, and colour of the urine. It is performed by the same means with which other inflamations are cured. Yet Observe.

• 1. That the basilica or median of the right arm, be pre∣sently opened the first or second day.
• 2. That the repellers ought to be gentle, least that the passages of the liver being too much straitned an obstruction be caused, or a schirrous be pro∣duced by things too much cooling, or the quit or breathing from the inflamation be cast back in∣to the Liver.
• 3. That the same ought to be gently astringent, corrected with those things which are moderatly opening and abstersive.
• 4. That things actually cold must not be ap∣plied, unless there be an erisipelas, and emi∣nent heat.
• 5. The impostumation breaking to the kidnies, Goats whey must be dranke with the immulsion of the foure seeds.
• 6. The substance of the liver being cleft and eaten into, if the matter fal into the cavity of the belly, we must proceed to burning and incision of the belly; concerning which see authors.

For dis∣cussion 'tis thought wil serve wel, a Cerote made of oyle of Mercury one dram; dulcedinis Saturni two drams and half; oyl of Galbanum half an ounce; red wax of cinnaber as much as is sufficient, and mix with mistleto of juni∣per, with the juice of Colts-foote or Galba∣num, and laid on.

The Differences of this inflamation are some.

I. One is Great, in which al things are more vehement. Another Smal and obscure, in which the liver is beset with smal swellings and impostumations like to felons, with no tumor or paine of the hypochondry, there is a feaver but not much burning, with thirst and loath∣ing. It is dissolved by a flux of blood of the same side issuing from the right nostril, on the first seven dayes, sometimes on the ninth, eleventh, very seldome on the fifteenth, es∣pecially if the patient be under five and twenty years of age.

II. Another is in the gibbous part in difficulty of breathing, which Paulus called suspirium irruptum, a cough and heavy paine pressing the throate are more troublesom, lying on the right side is more difficult, as by which the part affected is prest; the paine by touching and pressing growes sharper. The urine is slow, which if it be also with content like vetches it signifies a colliquation. The Tumor is readily perceived. Somtimes tis prominent and conspicuous to the Eyes. 'Tis dissolved by bleeding at the Nose if it be of the same side, with good sweats, and plenty of Urine. Things that move Ʋrin, are far more profit∣able than purging Medicines.

Another is in the Hollow Part, in which nauseousness, Thirst, loathing of meat, the Hickops, Cholerick vomitings or stooles are more urgent, lying down on the left side is greivous and painful. The Tumor is not readi∣ly obvious to the touch. 'Tis dissolved by stooles Cholerick, bloody, by sweats and vo∣miting. Gentle Clysters may be administred,

we must beware of Purgers given by the Mouth.

III. Another is from pure Blood, which is called Exquisite, and in which al things are more mild. Another from mixt, which is Spuri∣ous, and that either Cholerick, and then there is a burning Feaver, fear of a Consumption per∣plexes, vomiting of sincere Choler affects them, and somtimes voiding it by stool, which either inflicts a Diarrhy or a Dysentery. Or Fleg∣matick, which is seldome, and in which we must add to Topick Medicines, Mastick, spikenard, Wormwood, and the Oyls made of them, &c.

Article, IV. Of a Shcirrus of the Liver.

A Schirrus of the Liver, is a hard Tumor of the same without pain, generated of a thick Humor, impacted in the substance of the Bo∣wel, and hardned.

The SIGNS are a Tumor of the left Hy∣pochondry, which is discoverd by the touch, if the Belly be slender and void of Fat, and is easier observed the Patient standing upright, or bowing to the right side, than lying on his back; but tis bounded by the Scituation and Figure of the Liver, and lying on the left side, with its bulk it lies on the Stomach and midriffe. An obscure pain, because the neighbouring parts endewed with sense are comprest by the Tumor of the Liver, &c.

The CAUSE is explained in the definiti∣on, but it doth not suddenly Cause a Tumor but by little and little, for first it stuffs up the smal Veins of the Liver, then being increased it redounds to the whol substance of the bo∣wel, afterwards being much more fully heaped up, it distends the Liver into a vast bulk, that it appeares swelled, least of al being dryed, and the thin part dissipated by force of the heat, al the rest grows hard.

The CURE which is of little Hopes, is orderd.

• 1. By Lenitive preparatives and emptyers, as was said in obstruction.
• 2. By things Emollient and discussive, with mode∣rate astringents, lest from those alone there may arise putrefaction and a Cancer, from these alone the danger of a greater induration. There are commended, Labdanum with Indi∣an Balsome and Wax, the Plaister of Hem∣lock and mandrakes with Ammoniacum. Fabricius Hildanus his Oyntment of Hem∣lock, &c.
• 3. By things that open obstructi∣ons, among which excels Tartar Vitriolate with Raisons, Cinnamon, and the Leaves of Agrimony.

Barcoletus his Tartar Tartari∣zed, which moves by Urin, &c.

As Concerning the Differences.

I. One is Beginning joynd with pain, which is called Spurious, and it yeelds to cure. Another Confirmed, Exquisite without pain, which causeth a Dropsie, and cannot be Cu∣red.

II. One is from a Cholerick matter, which is known by this, that Causes heaping up a Cho∣lerick juyce went before, the signs of Choler abounding and a hot liver are present. It fol∣lows a Jaundice, and hath a slow Feaver its Companion, and precipitates into a dropsie which is called Ascites.

Another is from a Flegmatick matter, in which Causes heaping up a thick Juyce went before, there are present the signes of a Liver cooled, a Cachexy and universal Dropsie is Caused. The disease lasts long without any discommodity, and if it be turnd to a dropsie, first of al it passes into a Cachexy, then into a universal dropsie.

Another is from a Melancholly matter, the signs of which also wil be present.

III. One is in the Gibbous part, where some good is done by Topick means. Another in the hollow part, in which also internal remedies ought to be administred.

Hither belongs A Tumor of the Liver, without a Schirrus, which is known by this, that it grows in a short time, is less resisting, the Fingers cannot be thrust under the ends of the Ribs. It possesseth only the Membrane that compasseth the Liver, yet somtimes it fils up the whol Hypochondry. It ariseth either from a viscous Humor, either sprung from meats of that Nature, or made such by cold alteratives given about the time of Evacuation. Or from a thin crudity arising from meats, drink, and other things inducing cold: or from a thin wind. The Cure is perfected by things opening and emptying.

Article, V. Of the Wounds and Ʋlcers of the Liver.

The Wounds of the Liver, which in Aged and ill habited bodies, are very dangerous, but by reason of the long effusion of blood are deadly, are either from external causes, which are Cured by things astringent and agglutina∣tive, (red Roses dryed are commended) or from a Contusion, which hath Joyned with it

a vomiting or dejections by stool or Urin with blood, it is more dangerous than a wound, and degenerates into an impostumation. In the Cure it requires.

• 1. The opening of a Vein in the Arme.
• 2. Potions Compounded of astringent things.
• 3. The Flux of blood be∣ing stopt, the dissolution of congealed blood by its Medicines.

An Ʋlcer of the Liver is a corrosion of the same from matter or juyce.

The SIGNS are an ulcerous pain in the right Hypochondry, a Cough, a Jaundice color of the Face, a voiding of putrid, sanious and bloody things by the stool or Urin, an Atrophy, because there is neither blood made, nor the man nourisht.

The CAUSES are, whatsoever things corrode the substance of the Liver, of which shal be treated in the Differences.

The CURE must not be neglected, al∣though it be of little Hopes, for it grows foul by a perpetual filth, because tis continually washt with the nourishment; 'tis ordered as in other Ulcers.

The Differences of the Ulcers of the Liver are various.

• I. One is in the Superficies, which is less dangerous; another in the Substance, which is deadly, because a spermatical part cannot be Regenerated.
• II. One is in the Gibbous Part, which is known by purulent Urins without the signs of an exulceration in the bladder, and Kidneys, by difficult breathing, by pain of the midriff. Another in the hollow part, which is known by the bloody and somtimes purulent stooles, by the pain of the Guts by reason of the acrimony of the matter, by the sense of pricking and hea∣viness about the Liver.
• III. One is which follows an inflamation, which hath ended in an impostumation, and this is dangerous, especially if the matter be contained in the substance of the Liver. An∣other is, which ariseth from sharp and corro∣ding Juyces, which is known from hence, that it creeps on by degrees, the strength not impaired, a Feaver ariseth in the progress, observing no type, which at length ends in a Hectick. Loa∣thing of meat afflicts them, especially of flesh, &c. It ariseth from the default of corrupt or putrefying nourishments, generous Wine heats the bowel, and dries it, and heaps up a certain putrid clamminess and matter.

Chap. 4. Of the Symptomes of the Liver.

Title, I. Of the weak∣ness of the Liver.

THe Symptomes of the Liver are, Weak∣ness, Cachexy, a Dropsie, Jaundice, and atrophy.

The weakness of the Liver, or atonia, is a hurt of the faculties of the same induced by its Causes.

The SIGNS ought to be taken from the consideration of the Excrements of the Belly, of the urin, and color of the whol body; as shal be manifest in the differences.

The Causes hurting the faculties of the liver, are diseases of distemper, whether it be hot or cold; to which is added an external error. viz. when either the chyle is not rightly elabo∣rated in the stomach, or being wel elaborated, somewhat vitious is mixt with it, &c.

The Cure, ought to be perfected with things that strengthen the liver, and are appropriate to it, as are the liver of a wolfe, a calfe, of hens, snailes, raisons &c.

As concerning the Differences.

One is by reason of the Sanguifying faculty, which either is hurt by a cold distemper, or the defect of natural heat; and then the excre∣ments of the belly are like to the washings of meat new killed, which the cold growing more intense do cease: crudities arise, with which the feet first, and then the other parts abound, because the veins do suffer with the liver ill af∣fected, as being their original. For the cure of this serves, Rupert Cranesbil bruised, a lie of the pruning of vines with wine, &c. Or from a hot distemper, in which the chyle is burnt as it were, the excrements are like to the dreggs of blood &c.

Another is by reason of the attractive facul∣ty,

and then moist things flow down by the stool like creame, although there be no fault in the stomach, no obstruction of the mesentery.

Another is by reason of the retentive faculty, and then is rendered by stoole things like to the washing of flesh new killed, yet seldome moist and mattery. &c.

Article, 2. Of a Cachexy.

A Cachexy is a diffusion of the whol body into a watry and swelled softness by default of nourishment.

The Subject is the whole body, but those parts especially which are obvious to the eyes, as the skin and the muscles.

The signs are a color, by reason of the fleg∣matickness of the blood, sometimes white, by reason of the mixture of cholor or melancholly, sometimes livid or leaden. A tumor with hea∣viness and sluggishness, especially in the feet and hands, by reason of the descent of serous humors, and their distance from the heart: and also about the eyes in the face, cheeks, ey∣brows, because those parts by their laxness do easily receive serous humors.

The Cause is the fault of nutrition. For though that which is put to the parts, doth con∣crete and adhere, yet by reason of the too great plenty of crudities 'tis not assimilated. To wit, the blood is flegmatick, crude and serous; and that is generated such, either by reason of im∣pure nourishments, corrupt, and producing abundance of serum. Or by reason of the bowels, which either are impure, either from a Scrirhus as hath been said, or from the effusion of a corrupt humor, as hath been observed in a suppression of the courses, that purulent matter from the obstruction of the ureters, returning into the veins, the blood being infected, hath infected the whol habit of the body. Or from their corrupt substance; for so vitious and cor∣rupt blood is brought forth, and carried out to every part, and there concreting. It leaves a vitiated substance instead of a good; hence the Cachexy is various according to the nature of the blood; The flegmatick affects virgins, and threatens a universal dropsy. Or they are weak, because they have been hurt either by the continuance of diseases, or by too much evacua∣tions, or by long imprisonment, &c.

In the Cure we must diligently observe,

• 1. That regard be had to those diseases from which the cachexy proceeds,
• 2. If humors abound they must be emptyed especially with things that purge water,
• 3. To open obstructions is commended the cachectick pouder of steele prepared one part, Cassia lignea three parts, of the whitest sugar four, the pouder of young geese turds.
• 4. Sweats are happily moved with antimony diaphoretick,
• 5. The Cachexy of virgins is driven away by the distilled water of Walnutts fresh cut into thin slices, steeped in white wine twenty four hours, sweetened with Canary sack, and exposed some few days to the sun, and taken three ounces weight, using exercise after it.

Article. 3. Of the dropsy in general.

The dropsy is considerd either in General, or in special.

The dropsy considered in general, is a tu∣mor of the body, or of part of it, preternatu∣ral, arising from a watrish and serous humor, or a collection of wind.

The Signs of it are, a swelling and puffing up of the body, a heaviness, difficulty of brea∣thing, an extensive pain in the right or left hy∣pochondry, a filthy color of the face betwixt green and whitish, or declining to a yellowish or lead color; little urine and deep dyed, con∣tinuall thirst, partly from the defect of natu∣ral and alimental moisture, partly from the ascent of hot salt vapors drying up the mouth of the stomach, partly by reason of the little aire drawn in, whence the heart and lungs also boyl with thirst. But concerning the tumor of the feet, we must note,

• 1. That they chei∣fly swel after excercise of the body and in the eveining, because the waterish humor by its own weight tends downwards.
• 2. In the night concoction being finisht the swelling bates, by reason of the increase of the heat, the heat of the bed helping somwhat too.
• 3. They do often swel in those that are recovering either from acute diseases, or of long continuance, because the languishing heat cannot concoct so much, as the patient receives, and the crude and serous part which ariseth from thence, flyes to the feet without any eminent danger, if it be timely taken care of.

The Cause, is the fault of nutrition, pro∣ceeding from a cold distemper of the liver, which is induced either by the extention of heat either immediatly by the six non natural things or mediately, by diseases of the whol, or of other parts. Or by the dissolution or dissipa∣tion of it either from too much heat, or from o∣ther causes.

The cure is not difficult, if the dropsy be of late. Difficult if after another disease it seize upon

a body weakned. If it be inveterate. We must observe in it.

• 1. That we begin with gentle things.
• 2. Because the disease is chronical, remedies must be used the longer time,
• 3. Least nature be accustomed to them, they must be varied.
• 4. Somtimes for a while we must forbear, least nature be op∣prest. See the manner in the species.

Article, 4. Of an Ascites.

The dropsie considered in Specy is either an Ascites, or Tympany, or Anasarca.

An Ascites is a distension of the belly from a watry, serous, and Salt Humor, poured forth into its Capacity, by default of the Liver, Spleen and Kidneys, with a Tumor of the ••e••t, Thighs, and somtimes of the God.

The SIGNS are a swelling of the Belly, which begins from the lower parts as being most distant from the heart the fountaine of heat, a slenderness of the upper parts, the belly being struck a hoarse sound as from a bladder half ful: the sick turning from side to side a ••••ife like the Murmuring or waving of Water. The Disease growing strong there follows a difficulty of breathing by reason of the abundance of water lying on the midriffe. A Cough somtimes either from the compression of the midriffe, or from the peircing of the Water into the breast, from whence suffoca∣tion in a short time ensues, the impression of the Fingers Leaves behind it a manifest mark in the flesh.

The CAUSE is a watry and serous Hu∣mor, whence Dropsie people pisse little; they that pisse much after great draufts, are not taken with a Dropsie. And some by abstinence from drink have been restored to health. That humor is collected if you consider the place be∣tween the stomach and kidnyes, through which otherwise naturally the serum is wont to be emptyed: especially in the spleen veine, the mesaraick, and perhaps in the branches of the spleen artery, and the roots of those veins a∣bout the hollow parts of the bowels, gastrical and epiploical. Whence after quartanes and long continued feavers whose cause is in the me∣saraick veins, a dropsy follows. If the cause, 'tis collected from too much drink and moist meats, by the accession of the fault of the bow∣ells which either attract, or contein the serum, by which it comes to pass, that it stays in the belly, and afterwards is poured forth into its cavity. But it is poured forth into the capa∣city of the belly, or that space which is be∣tween the peritoneum, the caule and the guts, cheifly by the epiploick and gastro epiploick branches: yet so as neither the caul, which hath veins only from the vena porta, and can easily receive the burthen of the mesentary and spleen; nor the pancreas, which in its middle hath a splenicke veine passing to the spleen with the left branch of the celiacal artery, are free from fault. The humor poured forth, al∣though it be cold, yet because it contains many salt parts, and borrows heat from the neigh∣boring parts, 'tis hot also, but by continuance of time it putrefies, from whence is raised a cor∣ruption of the bowels, a Feaver, thirst, whiles the vapors strike the mouth of the stomach.

The Cure is of better hopes if the patient be young and strong. If a slave who is able to en∣dure hunger, thirst, and other troubles, if more moisture be voided by urine, than is taken; if the water which is in the veins flow to the bel∣ly or stool, the bowels unhurt. Of none al∣most if it come from an acute disease, because the bowels, the radical moisture being waisted do contract a cold and hectick distemper which cannot be corrected. If the water break forth into the caul, and that be corrupted. If it happen to the splenetick after a longe dysente∣ry, because by the passing of the evil humor, the symmetry of the innate heat is perisht in the guts and bowels. If a cough come upon it because it shews that the watery moisture is so much increased, that it penetrates into the breast, and doth already possess the rough ar∣teries. If impostumations or spots break forth in the thighs, if being eased by remedies 'tis wholly renewed again, because it signifies the bowels are corrupt, and possest either with a schirrus, or consumption and hectick distemper. If it arise from a colliquation, because al the strength is dissolved, and the body languisheth. 'Tis perfected,

• 1. By the emptying of the water poured into the belly, premising a pre∣paration of thick humors, if they intervene. But it is emptyed,
  • 1. By the Stool, by medicines that purge water; the gentler, as mechoacan, Jallop, which may be given to one scruple and an half; the Juice of Flowerdeluce clarified, which may be given to three drams with syrup of endive six drams; Parsly water half an ounce; and the pouder of diarrhodon Abbatis one scruple; With peach flowers dryed and boyled in wine. The stronger, as gambugia which is given from six grains to fifteen (see Reudenius concerning it.) Rulandus his extract of esu∣la, trochiskes of Alhandal, or the same authors Spiritus vite aureus. The extract of elateri∣um

• ...
  • most commended by Massaria, from one grain to three grains. The magistral, or Cry∣stal Lunae of Tentzelius, given chiefly at the Wain of the Moon from four grains to five. Mercurius vitae fixt by longe digestion, Cro∣cus Metallorum Absinthiacus of Myn∣sichtus, the same authors Tartarus Emeticus, &c. All which must be given on even dayes, not too often nor the bowels too much corrupted, after the use of them we must see whether they bear it wel, and the bowels must alwaies be strengthened. Concerning a Paracenthesis or tapping, see Authors.
  • 2. By diureticks, which ought to fol∣low purgers of water, amongst which beare the palme, the pouder of earth worms given one dram weightw^th the decoction of asparagus or fennel. The salt of ash salinated as Billichi∣us delivers. Wine twice or thrice strained through the ashes of bean straw burnt, six handfuls, the tops of broome, Juniper, each two handfulls and a halfe, woodbine one handful and a half, and given six ounces weight.
  • 3. By swaeters and dryers, as are the Root of swallow wort steept and boyled in Wine. An∣timony Diaphoretick, the decoction of Sas∣safras wood. Treacle in wine the quantity of a smal Walnut with a few drops of Oyl of Sul∣phur, Lapis Serpentis, concerning which see Joel. Outwardly, Mynsichtus his Plaister de Cineribus.
• 2. By strengthning of the parts, that the Water be not collected again; here are good, the Trochiskes of Wormwood, Paracelsus his Diacubebae, &c.
• 3. by diet, which see in Anthors.

The Differences are taken from the parts, by whose default the serum is collected.

One is by default of the Kidneys that do not attract the serum, either because they are Exulcerated, and then some matter appears in the urin, the piss is much less than in other Causes: or because the Ʋreters are broken, and then it ariseth suddainly. That comes to pass for the most part in expelling the stone.

Another is by default of the Spleen, which when as it is as it were spungy, it ought to draw the water from the stomach by the vas breve, that office being delegated to it by Na∣ture; which may be carried from hence by the splenick Artery into the Coeliacal, by and by from the trunk of the Aorta by the emulgent Arteries to the veins: It doth that either too greedily by reason of an inflamation risen in the Veins, which is known by a pertinatious flux of the belly, which doth neither take away the swelling of the belly, nor the pain by rea∣son of a Hectical distemper, and either from the weakness of the veins not attracting the nou∣rishment, or from the corruption of the same and continual voiding of Cholerick Excre∣ments, it afflicts with a heat in the jejunum gut and mesentery. Or it neglects it altogether, either by reason of the obstruction of the pas∣sages tending to it, caused by thick humors. Or by reason of the dissipation of heat, from a schirrous, too much emptying, the use of hot things, the distemper of the neighbouring parts, acute Diseases. Or by reason of the suffocation of heat by the too much use of cold things, from the suppression of the Courses, from superfluous Evacuations, &c.

Another is by default of the Liver, either for the same causes not attracting the serum, or retaining it: or by reason of the same inflama∣tion too much attracting; and then there is a desire of coughing; the Excrements are few and dry, by reason the serous Humor is sent into the belly, and the rest is burnt up by the heat of the Liver.

Article, V. Of a Tympany, and Ana∣sarca.

A Tympany is a distension of the belly from much wind, raised up either by a weak, or burning heat, contained within its Capa∣city.

It is called also a dry dropsie, although for the most part 'tis joyned with Water.

The SIGNS are these, the Skin appears retcht like the skin of a drum, and struck upon gives the sound of a Drum, the Navel hangs forth much. The puffing up of the bel∣ly is greater, but the heaviness less. Com∣pressing of it doth not leave behinde it so con∣spicuous a mark, but the hollow print is pre∣sently filled up, belching and Farts often break out, noise and rumblings Obmurmurate. It must be distinguished from the distension of the breast after wounds, which doth possess the breast, back, Loins, Cod, Arms, Neck, nay somtimes the whol habit. It proceeds from hence, that the Air which ought to pass streit through the mouth to the Lungs, and from the Lungs again to be breathed forth through the mouth, a way being open between two Muscles, or the Muscles and the skin, 'tis blown from the wound as from a pair of bellows into the space between the skin & muscles: and hence further∣more it penetrates into the neighbouring parts.

The CAUSE is wind, which if you con∣sider

its rise springeth either from a weak heat, or from too much and torrefying, which resolves into Vapors that which is subtile be∣ing violently stirred, as is seen in black choler lying under the stomach. If the place, 'tis nei∣ther in the stomach, because it would be cast forth by belching, nor in the Guts, because it would be voided by stool, but for the most part 'tis generated between the coates of the mesentery and Guts. For in the dry Dropsie, the torments afflict about the Navel, greifes and pains of the Loyns: but the mesentery forward is united to the smal Guts, backward to the vertebres of the Loins from which it springs, from whence is this distention; yet it is found also in the Cavity of the Guts, and it insinuates it self thither through the Orifices of the Mesaraick Veins.

The CURE requires.

• I. The bringing forth of the matter producing the Wind, where takes place, Fardinandus his Antipneuma∣tical wine, concerning which in the History, 38. The Coagulated Spirit of Salt, with Wormwood water, and spirit of Elder.
• 2. The Discussion of the wind, outwardly by a great Cupping-Glass applied to the Belly; by frictions with Garlick bruised and boyled in generous wine; by a fomentation of a Boyes Ʋrin, and Lapis Prunellae, concerning which see Hartman. Inwardly by the Decoction of Ebony wood, the spirit of Guajcum, the Arcanum of Cummin and Carrawais, the li∣quor of the flowers of Mullein, &c.
• 3. The correcting of the hot distemper of the Bowels if there be any; the strengthning, if it be weak.

II. An Anasarca or Hyposarkidion, and Leucophlegmaty, is an equal increase of the bulk of the Body preternaturally throughout ••••e whol body, arising from default of the nourishment.

The SIGNS are an increase of the Corpo∣ral bulk, greater than in a Cachexy, equal through the whol body, so that the feet and Leggs swel in the begining, a softness of the body, a Laxness, Paleness, and weakness upon the least labor, a continual Feaver, slow, with a puls smal, oft, and unequal, the Urine white, thin crude, &c.

The CAUSE is the fault of the nourish∣ment, which by reason of the immoderate coldness of the Liver and Veins (of which we spake in distempers) is Flegmatick and crude; nay the body is spred over with a clammy and congealed water, and though the nourishment doth both concrete, and adhere to the part that is to be nourshed, yet 'tis not assimi∣lated.

The CURE is Easter than in others, be∣cause a Flegmatick Humor, comes neerer to the Nature of blood, than a serous; besides a strong diarrhy comming at the beginning while the strength is firme, the Disease is Cured. 'Tis Performed.

• 1. By emptying the watry matter, dispersed throughout the body, both by things that Evacuate by the lower Parts, amongst which is commended the extract or Salt of Hedg Hyssop mixt with Rhubarb. And by vomiters, which see else where: and by bleeding, if it arise from a Plethorick Cause or retaining the blood, least by the plenty of the cold Humor the heat be overwhelmed, which must be done at the beginning. And by sweaters, as the Decoction of swallow wort used, especially in a Laconick Bath, before you enter into it, some of Weckerus his water is wel administred, (concerning which see Hart∣man)
• 2. By strengthning of the Bowels, the Liver especially and stomach, of which in their places. Fardinandus commends the covering of the Patient in a heap of Wheat for to dry up the matter.

Article, VI. Of the Jaundice.

The Jaundice is either Yellow, or Black, of which shal be spoken in the Symptomes of the Spleen.

The Yellow Jaundice is an effusion of a Yellow or greenish Humor into the habit of the Body proceeding from its Causes.

'Tis called also from the Name of a smal bird Galgulus, from the variety of colors in the Rain-bow, Arquatus, and because 'tis ten∣derly handled at Court, Regius, or because 'tis beleeved to be Cured with Honey and wine a Princely drink.

The SIGNS of it are, a yellowness of the whol body, a Citron or pale green, which is observed in the white of the Eye, and at its inner Angle, where the great Veins are. A distension of the Veins under the Tongue; a pain of the right Hypochondry, or a hardness too. Bitterness of the spittle, with Cholerick Vomiting, the Hickops, and pain in the Head.

The CAUSE is a Humor of the same color, which is poured forth into the habit of the Body, for the Causes to be mentioned in the Differences.

The CURE varies according of the Nature

of the Differences. Yet it respects two things.

• 1. The Cause, which must be removed.
• 2. The Symptomes, which must be taken away, after universals have been premised.

For the Face and Eyes is commended, the fume from hot Vineger in which Rosemary hath been boyled. The Specisicks are, the extract of Columbine, and Celandine, which with a little Bezoar is given to the rich. An Emulsion of Columbine Seeds with the distilled Water of the same, for the poorer sort, the pouder of Earth worms, three or four live Lice in a poched Eg, if we be∣leeve Zacutus, which is a most sordid medi∣cine. A live Moth laid on the Navel til it die. A live Spider, in a Nut shel hung about the Neck, placed to the pit of the heart, til it die. Amongst Magick things are reckoned the Pa∣tients bepissing of Nettles, Cloths dipped in his Urin and exposed to the Air, and many other things; concerning which see Petraeus.

The Differences are taken from the Causes.

One is from those things that generate plenty of choler, which are either External, as sweet things, hot meats and drinks. Poysons espe∣cially, as the Gal of a Leopard, the biting of Vipers and venenate things; and then we must act with things Alexipharmacal, peculiarly opposite to the Nature of the Poyson, in which also we must have regard to the manifest qua∣lities. Or Internal, as are.

• 1. A hot and dry distemper of the Liver, and then the Urine is vehemently colord and thick, the Excrements of the Belly are dyed of a Saffron color, the Feet and hands are hot.
• 2. An Inflamation and Impostumation of the same; of which for∣merly.

Another is from those things which do hin∣der the puresying of the blood and the separa∣tion and Exclusion of Choler, as are,

• 1. The compression of the bladder of Gal by a Schir∣rus of the Liver, or some other Tumor, which see above.
• 2. The Obstruction of the same from thick flegm, plenty of Choler, stones and other Causes, which is either in the passage reaching to the Liver by which it is attracted, and then the Excrements are dyed, or in that tending to the Duodenum, by which 'tis cast forth, and then the Excrements are white; or it comes to pass by default of the Liver, and then the right Hypochondry is distended; if it be∣come hard it foretels a Dropsie, or by default of the bladder it self, and then it invades sud∣dainly, the belly is slow to stool, the Excre∣ments because they are not dyed, look white.

It is cured,

• 1. With things that open ob∣structions, amongst which prevails, Dodder of Vetches, the Decoction of the Strawberry Plant with horehound and Raysons, the Juyce of Nettle Roots bruised in wine with Saffron, Young Geese Dung gathered in the Spring, dryed and given one dram weight. Cremor Tartar diluted with steeled Wine, spirit of Tartar, &c.
• 2. With Purgers given by course with openers; amongst which Rhubarb and Hiera Picra are the best.

Another is from those things which do sud∣denly expel choler from the inward parts to the Circumference of the Body, which cheifly comes to pass in acute Feavers, in which either it is cast forth critically, and then there went before Signs of coction, and the Disease is Cured. Or Symptomatically, by reason of its plenty and Acrimony, and then it happens before the seaventh day. If it be without a coldness, 'tis thought to be either from a weak∣ness of Nature, or from an Inflamation: if with a coldness the Feaverish matter is cast forth from the Bowels and veins to the Skin. In the Cure we must have respect both to the Feaver, and the Liver.

Article, VII. Of an Atrophy.

An Atrophy is a drying and wasting of the whol body arising from the disappointment of its nourishment.

The Subject is the whol body, especially in relation to the soft Parts, the Fat and Flesh; the harder Parts indeed may be dryed; but they cannot be so diminisht, that from thence the whol body should decrease.

There is no need of SIGNS, whenas the affect is apparent to the Eye.

The CAUSE is the disappointing of nou∣rishment, which proceeds either by default of the nourishment, when that either failes, that it is not taken, not attracted, not put to, is discussed, &c. Or is Vitious. Or by default of the nourishing Faculty, when the Native heat, or radical moisture fails.

The CURE respects.

• 1. The Symp∣tome it self, where take place, a Bath of the Decoction of the Head and Feet of a Wea∣ther, of red sallow. Of sweet water in which have boyled the ashes of Hazel, Flax Seed, the bones of a Weather bruised. A moistning

• Diet, of the Emulsion of sweet Almonds, of the four greater cold Seeds, with Goats Milk, &c. The magnetick Cure, concerning which see Hartmans Chymiatry. Anoyntings with Amatus Lusitanus his Unguent, in Seba∣stianus Austrius de Morbis puerorum, p. 555.
• 2. The Causes of which in the Differences.

The Differences of an Atrophy, are Va∣rious.

I. One is Ʋniversal, of the whol body, of which we have now spoken; another Parti∣cular, which proceeds from a peculiar fault of a part. In the Cure take place, fomentations, dropaces, pications, and percussions, by which the driness of the part is corrected, the obtuse heat is roused up, and the nourishment is at∣tracted.

II. Another is from worms which vex Children.

Another from the Stomach that doth not wel elaborate the Chyle.

Another from the Liver, when that is either troubled with a hot and dry distemper, and wasnt with much Choler, or is very much ob∣structed, that the nourishment doth penetrate with difficulty.

Another from the Spleen, to which the same things may happen.

Another from the obstruction of the Mesen∣tery, which is familiar in the East Indies, and for the most part hath Joynd with it a bulimy with a Lientery: but it turnes also to an im∣postumation, (which so washes the whol me∣sentery, that the Guts confused without any order do stick together only by thin Skins.) In the Cure is commended the Cross grass, of which see Alpinus concerning Aegyptian plants. cap. 40. See also concerning these things Bontius in medicina Indorum. p. 156.

Another is from the Heart, which is in a He∣ctick.

Another from an Ʋlcer of the Lungs, which happens in the Ptissick.

[Read more of this subject in the Guide to Physick and Chyrurgery, Riverius Practice of Physick, and his Observations; and the London Dispensatory. Al of the last Editions, Englished by me.]

Title, V. Of the Affects of the Spleen.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the spleen.

Article, I. Of the obstructions of the Spleen.

THe Diseases of the Spleen are, Obstructi∣on, puffing up, Inflamation, a Schirrus, Ʋlcers, and wounds.

The Obstruction of the Spleen, is a stuffing up of the thick Humors.

The Part Affected is the Spleen, either according to its Veins and Arteries, or accor∣ding to its whol substance.

The SIGNS are these, at the beginning there is Caused a heaviness of the Hypochon∣dry, & a pain of the spleen, from hence a humor mixt with the blood, and diffused into the whol body dies it of a Livid color, makes a diffi∣culty of breathing after exercise. Poured into the Stomach Causeth nauseousness and vomi∣ting; into the Guts, a diarrhy. Somtimes by reason of its dryness it binds the Body.

The CAUSE is an earthy and thick Hu∣mor, which oftentimes is collected from a Fenny Air, and gross meats, and by reason of the weakness of the Spleen, and interception of the Passages cannot be expelled. Somtimes 'tis heaped up by reason of a hot distemper of the Spleen, and the attraction of the Chyle unconcocted, which happens after often lying down on the left side, & too much exerise. Som∣times it stopps there by reason of an accusto∣mary flux of the Hemrods intercepted, or the suppression of the Courses.

The CURE is ordered as in other obstru∣ctions, yet note, we must have a care of the Causes from which it comes; the vomits do good, when as there is a straite way from the Spleen to the stomach by the vas breve. Of Purgers, Poly pody and dodder of time, with Raysons, senny with cremor Tartar are of Force. Of openers, the Flowers of Broom and Saxonia his electuary of steel are com∣mended. A Plaister of Ammoniacum dissol∣ved

in Vineger of Squils may rightly be ap∣plyed, Premising some convenient Fomen∣tation. See Solenanders strengthning elect∣uary in Hartman.

II. The Inflation of the Spleen is a puf∣fing up of the same into a Tumor by winde.

The SIGNS are these, a Tumor and distension is perceived with some pain, but without the sense of heaviness and a weight. A murmuring and sound is made. The Spleen being prest doth yeild.

The Causes are either too large drinking of cold water, or windy meats, as pease, ches∣nuts, beans, scallions. Or thick and viscous humors, which may be overcome by the weak heat and are resolved into vapors, which doe easily puff up the spleen, because it is spun∣gy.

The Cure is as in others. The Chymists applaud the burning Spirit of saturn in the ex∣tract of ferne, and anoint the region of the spleen with the same thrice a day, purging in an external cause is disallowed, anointing with oyl of rue, cappers, &c. is sufficient.

Article. II. Of an inflamation of the spleen, and schirrus.

An inflamation of the spleen, is the lifting up of the same into a tumor, by blood poured forth into its substance.

Somtimes the whole spleen is affected, som∣times not.

The Signs are a tumor in the left hypo∣chondry, bunching out as it were towards the fore parts, and as it were girting a man in the middle, so it is distinguished from the paine and inflamation of the left kidney which is higher than the right: there is a pulsation and palpitation of that side, by reason of the ar∣teries with which it abounds, a continual feaver observing the periods of a quartan, difficulty of breathing by reason of the compression of the midriffe.

The Cause is blood poured forth and putre∣fying, which is either pure or mixt, and disco∣vers its self by its signs.

The Cure ought to follow the method of o∣ther inflamations, so that larger drinking after purging be avoided, least the humor be carried to the substance of the liver.

II. Aschirrus of the spleen is a hard tumor of the same proceeding from a thick, glutinous and a hardened humor.

The SIGNS are a resisting tumor with an ablong hardness in the left side, and that without paine; to which are added a difficulty of breathing, a driness of the mouth, a swelling of the feet, uneasy lying on the left side, trou∣belsome swears, &c.

The CAUSE is a thick and glutinous humor, which either presently was such, ari∣sing from meats of a thick juice, from labors, watchings which do waste that which is spiritu∣ous in the humors. Or afterwards, when be∣ing thin of it selfe, tis hardened either by the force of heat, or by medicines too much dis∣cussing, or by its tartarous nature tending to induration. This diffused into the whole bo∣dy with the blood, makes it livid and colour'd; and leads to a consumption, because the spleen opprest is not able to discharge its office of sanguification.

The CURE is more difficult if the patient have a diarrhy ensue, and a lientery, or water betwixt the skin follow it. It respects the same things as a schirrus of the liver. Amongst things that disgest in wardly, are commended, the root of ferne, the pouder of dead nettle in meats, the wood of tamariske boyled in steel water to a third part. The composition of ferne rootes one ounce; dodder of vetches two drams, boyled in eight ounces of strong wine to the consumption of a third part. Out∣warly amongst emollient things Fabricius unguent is of force, compounded of Gum am∣moniacum one ounce; oyle of sweet almonds, white lillies, bens grease, each two ounces; the juice of hemlock foure ounces; vinegar of squils two ounces.

The Differences are the same as of a schirrus of the liver.

• I. One is new come, which afflicts with pain extending it self to the very throat. Another inveterate, which is void of al paine, neither doth it easily kil a man, unless the liver be drawne into consent.
• II. One affects the spleen only according to its substance, which also is bounded with the figure of the spleen; though this do sometimes according to its longitude appear as round, sometimes according to its latitude, somtimes swels according to al its dimentions. Another is poured forth into other neighbouring parts also, that for the most part it comprehends al the left region of the belly.

Article. III. Of an Ʋlcer and wound of the spleen.

Concerning an Ʋlcer, there is nothing to be observed, but that it followes inflamations and tumors, and casts forth its matter somtimes by urine, vomiting, or stool. It must be purged, cleansed, headed.

A wound is either in its superficies, which is less deadly: or in its substance, which by rea∣son of the effusion of blood is deadly; where∣soever it is it pours forth black blood, for the most part also it affects the stomach, causeth thirst and paine to the throat; the matter som∣times is voided by the urine, carried through the caeliacal artery, to the trunk of the great artery, and hence to the emulgents. 'Tis cu∣red also with vulnerary potions.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes of the spleen.

Article, I. Of the paine of the spleen, and black Jaundice.

The Symptomes of the spleen, are, a pain of the Spleen, The black Jaundice, the hypo∣chondriacal affection, and the scurvy.

I. The pain of the Spleen ariseth from the solution of its continuity, and distension of its membrane. This is caused both from things external, as blows, fals, &c. and internal, viz. ••••••ammation, inflation, tumors, ulcers, &c. But it must diligently be distinguished both from those pains which are felt in the left side, especially after meat or riding which proceed either from wind, or from serous humors, which flowing into the spaces of the peritoneum that sticks close to the coates in that place, do di∣stend them from the muscles: and from the paine of the muscles, which is felt if they be prest a little. The Cure requires no narcoticks, for when as it is cloathed only with a thin coate the paine is not exquisite.

II The black Jaundice is a change of the skin of the whol body into black.

'Tis known by the color it self. It ari∣seth from the same causes, as the yellow Jaun∣dice doth, except that there the liver, here the spleen is in fault. But tis harder to cure, be∣cause if it be by default of the bladder of gal, there is a greater corruption of choler, if by de∣fault of the spleen, the humor is more stub∣born, and there is a fear of a dropsy. Medicines of steele are commodious in it, and also a dry bath, after which the body must be clensed with an emulsion of hemp seed, the face, with beane flower water mixt with wine.

Article, 2. Of the Hypochondriacal affe∣ction.

The Hypochondriacal affection is a filth of vitious humors collected in the branches of the vena porta, caeliacal & Mesenterical arteries, by reason of the hurt of the spleens concoction, without putrefaction, and by sending forth of vapors, causing many Symptoms.

'Tis called Hypochondriacal by reason of the place of both Hypochondries, by which is understood that part of the body, which under the bastard ribbs reaches as far as the loyns on both sides, and comprehends with the muscles the bowells themselves. 'Tis cal∣led also the windy passion by Diocles and Aeti∣us, for the familiarity of winds conteined in the left hypochondry, and it obtains the name of Melancholly, when as the brain is affected by consent. As was said before.

The Signs are fetcht from the symptoms, of the natural, vital, and animal faculties: there is.

• 1. A crudity of the Stomach by reason that it is ill nourisht by the vena porta from the Spleen, which is followed with a continual spitting, Flegme filling the mouth with moist∣ure, vomiting up of the thicker parts of the hu∣mor, either generated in the stomach, or sent from the spleen, and somtimes so sowr, that the teeth are on edg, there goes before it an e∣bullition of the same in the stomach, wind di∣stending the neighbouring parts, that somtimes the patient falls into swouning fitts: a discus∣sion of the thinner parts of the humor by insen∣sible perspiration, somtimes with a Feaverish shaking, which a certaine heat Follows pre∣sently vanishing in sweat.
• 2. Pains in the stomach, which reach even to the back, returne upon taking of meat, when 'tis concocted or cast forth they cease; they draw the kidneys into consent by communion of membranes.
• 3. Co∣stiveness of body both by reason of the dryness of the vessels in both sides, and because the meat is changed into a flegmatick & viscous hu∣mor, and so 'tis not moved forward by the gutts, and pertinaciously adhering to them, is the cause of astringency,
• 4. An inflammatory heat as it were of the Hypochondry, which by motion, meat, drink, hot things grows more fierce; which is attended somtimes with a redness of the cheeks and whole face by reason

• of vapors ascending: a diary Feaver vanishing in sweat, by reason of the dispersing of them through the whol body by large drinking.
• 5. A Ʋrine sometimes thin by reason of the passages obstructed, and the retention of wind, from whence the fit begins; sometimes troub∣led and thick by the admistion of humors, with a sediment somtimes of red sand, in which the tartarous parts of the blood are coagulated.
• 6. A Flatulency, and waving especially in the left hypochondry, the wind being imprisoned in the cavity under the midriffe, arising from the connexion of the stomach, caule, cholick gut, and bowels.
• 7. Anxiety, both because the meat half concocted is resolved into wind, and causeth a straitness, and because being car∣ried to the neghbouring vessels affected with a hot distemper, it boyls as it were with that Fiery heat, and distends the hypochondries, and so causeth a straitness in those parts which have nerves from the sixth conjugation.
• 8. A Palpitation of the heart, either by consent of the stomach, or by the contention of the part it self against the malignity of the vapors, which is more frequent with some at the increase of the Moon, by reason of the greater plenty of serum than boyling in the mass of blood.
• 9. A pulsation in the left Hypochondry, which either the celiacal branch causeth especially after an∣ger and motion, or the compression of the ar∣teries in the mesentery by the glandules, the great one especially which is in the center.
• 10. A driness of the Palate, mouth, and tongue, by reason of the ascent of resolved vapors through the gullet and rough artery.
• 11. Difficulty of breathing both by reason of the affection of the nerves dedicated to the muscles of the breast, and of the effusion of the evil matter into the spaces of the muscles.
• 12. A perturbation of the brain, for the vapors resolved if they be a∣crid cause an epilepsy, if obscure, they darken the spirits and cause melancholy dotages; if many, they are authors of a vertigo; if dry, they cause watchings, which are wont to mo∣lest most men after midnight, because the chyle distributed, and carried to the second concoct∣ion, the spleen, and the neighbouring vessels, doth stir up the humors lurking in them, and raiseth up vapors from them. Which are carried towards the brain; if into the gullet, the mus∣cles of the larynx, and rough artery, they cause a fear of strangling by reason of the destension of that, and the contraction of these; if into the nerves of the tongue, the armes, accord∣ing to the tract of the nerves, they cause a stu∣pidity, and a formicant pulse, somtimes in one, somtimes in the other hand.

And these are, the symptomes, yet they do not invade al.

The Cause is the flegmatick, cholerick, and melancholy humors; yet melancholy cheifly, not only by their first and second quallities, as they are adust, viscous, fixt; but also accord∣ing to their highest powers and strength, viz. hurting by their bitterness, saltness, sharp∣ness and acidity. They are collected, if you re∣spect the place, in the branches of the vena por∣ta, the caeliacal and mesenterical arteries, the greater especially, and which do wash along the left hypochondry: neither the vas breve, nor the arterial nor venal vessels excepted, nor the caul, which hath large veins from the vena porta. If the cause, they are gathered,

• 1 by reason of the concoction of the spleen hurt; and truely either by a hot distemper, by which it attracts crude juice, the watery first, after∣wards the thicker; which stopping in the veins being destitute of a vehicle, is thickened and burnt, and yeelds matter for the generation of winde: or by dryness, hardness and scirrosity, its heat debating, by which the chyle not attrac∣ted subsides, and the excrements remaine not being cast off, as happens in a sedentery life; hence about the thirtieth yeare of our age the disease for the most part invades, or by an ex∣ternal error, when the chile is not concocted, either by default of the meats, or of the sto∣mach, or passions of the minde, which while the meat is concocting doe cal away the heat to other parts, mixe choler stirred up by anger with the meats, trouble the spleene in its acti∣on, which abounds with many arteries.
• 2. By reason of the fault of the glandules, which underprop the vessels of the mesentery, whiles they either compresse them by a tumor, or being comprest in a sedentary life, they render them more streight.

The CURE is difficult by reason of the heape of symptoms. The easier if it be begin∣ing, if it fal neither upon a fulage, nor declin∣ing; if the hemrods, swelling of the veins, cour∣ses come upon it. If it affect men rather than women, the fat and faire, than the swarfie. If a bleeding of the left nostril happen. If blackish urines be pist freely without a feaver. It respects.

• 1. Chyrurgery, by vertue of which blood must be let, where note, a veine of the arme may be opened, if a great part of the matter is communicated to the vena cava, and any inflamation afflict about the liver; that the external hemrod veins may very wel be op∣ened, because being inserted to the same right gut, their mouths doe communicate with the

• internal.
• 2. Physick, by vertue of which.

• 1. The corrupt humor sticking in the first region of the body must be brought forth. Where glysters take place, and womits, especially if there be much in the stomach.
• 2. The pas∣sages must be opened and the humor prepared by things incessive and attenuating, where note that al things are rather to be used in a liquid forme, but if in a sollid, a drauft of liquor must be dranke afterwards: we must begin with the gentler, and end with the stronger. Amongst those things are, of symples, the roots of scor∣zonera, male fern, the herbs of fumitory, spleen∣wort, the flowers of burrage, buglos. Apples Burstorfian. Of compounds, the syrup of sweet smelling apples, of fumitory, the pou∣ders of diacurcuma, the essence of fumitory, gremander, &c. of which formerly in the ob∣structions of the spleen and liver. After these, acid waters, baths, steele, must be given spring and autumn, which premising the evaccuation of the first passages, may be given in conserve of burrage from too scruples to one dram and half; upon an empty stomach, first of al e∣very third day, til the twentieth, before they are accustomed to it, afterwards, a drauft of wine must be added, and walking up and down for two hours if they be able; four hours af∣ter taking of it, let them eate their dinner: if they voide not black excrements, we must forbear; but if they be wholy supprest, we must move the belly.
• 3. The humor prepa∣red must be emptied, by benigne purging medi∣cines, corrected with moisteners, by lit∣tle and little, given about the last quarter of the moon, interposing baths and moistening Fomentations, myrobalanes and cassia exclu∣ded. In a nidorous crudity things purging choler are best, in an acid, purgers of flegme and melancholly, taking meat two hours after that the medicine ascend not beyond the liver.
• 4. The vapors fuming up must be diverted from the head and the heart by frictions, glys∣ters, cupping-glasses, causticks, and other medicines, as elixer proprietatis, conserve of roses with spirits of sulphur and vitriol,
• 5. The Parts which it offends must be strengthened, and the simptoms taken away, of which in their places.

The Differences are taken from the parts.

I. One is essentiall, which we have hither∣to explained.

Another by consent of other parts, and this.

II. One is stomachical, which is known by often spitting after feeding, by sower belchings and savoring somwhat rusty, by pricking of the mouth and jawes, with which those so affected desire cold drink, by vehement pains of the stomach, which in some proceed even to the back, the meate being concocted they cease, by and by upon the taking in of more they returne, &c. It is cured by emptying, by diversion, by bleeding and cupping-Glasses. If greate paine afflict, by abstersives, dryers, strengtheners.

Another hepatical, which is known by the pain of the right hipochondry, loathing of meats, a slow and erratick feaver, the extension of the pain to the shoulders and cannel bones &c. in the Cure which see in distempers; if it be hot, whey is good with the juice of lem∣mons, or of sweet smelling apples newly ex∣prest.

Another from the womb whose vitious blood doth easily regurgitate either from the veins in∣to the arteries by reason of their anastomosis, or out of the arteries into the hypogastrick, which gives branches to the stomach, pancreas, caule, smal guts, &c. and by and by into the coeliacal. It is known by those accidents which are wonte to befal those troubled with the mother. In the cure we must have regard to the affects of the wombe.

Another is hemorrhoidal, happening from the suppression of the hemrods, of which in its place. See Matthaeus Martinus concerning the abstruser diseases of the mesentery, who handles these things very accurately.

Article. III. Of the Scurvy.

The scurvy is a cachexy arising from a mel∣ancholly humor, corrupted in a peculiar man∣ner, afflicting with a weakness of the thighes, spots, swelling of the gums, and bleeding of them, loosness of the teeth, and other Symp∣tomes.

The Scurvy was known to the ancients, partly under the name of Oscedo, partly of Scelotyrbe, and Stomacace, partly of Volvulus Sanguineus, and is familiar to people inhabi∣ting the Sea, and moarish places.

The SIGNS are put in the definition, and we shal treat of them hereafter. To these ad the Ʋrine and pulse too much variable, that, for at the beginning tis thin and yellowish the tartarous matter subsisting in it, by and by thick and white: the humors being more cor∣rupted tis red, and by the admistion of an adust

saltness shining like a lye; and anon without any marke of putrefaction, and thirst, red sands oftentimes stick to the chamberpot. Som∣times tis thick and continues so, somtimes growes cleare, and casts to the bottome a red sediment which resembles flower of Bricks; somtimes many crude and flegmattick excre∣ments stick above the sediment, as the sus∣pensum: but in those whome the suppression of the hemrods hath occasioned this evil, in them it comes forth by drops with paine and heat, and conteins a tartarous matter, Mucous, Salt and blackish. This, because the pulse somtimes is weak, unequal, and often vermicular, but fainting fits approaching, by Reason of its high necessity, and because the Heart endeavours to expel the Vapors, 'tis stronger.

The CAUSE is a Melancholy Humor, and that,

• 1. Crude, as both the Diet and the Symptomes shew, which do afflict Melancho∣ly people.
• 2. Serous and Ichorous, that 'tis like a Lie, which consists of water and Salt, Feculent, and adust Parts, which is discovered by the wandering pains and Ulcers.
• 3. The associate of Flegmatick somtimes, and vitious Humors, for a Vein being opened, the blood in Scorbutick people is covered over with a white Glew waxing Green or Yellow.
• 4. After a peculiar manner corrupted, after it hath remained there a long time; hence ma∣ny labor of an obstruction of the Spleen and Melancholly Humors, who are not affected with the scurvy; and in those Regions where the collection of a black Humor from the heat of the Air is Familiar, the Scurvy is unknown.
• 5. Contagious, which you shal not find in o∣ther Melancholy Diseases.
• 6. Produced from meats destitute of volatil Salt; and therefore hindering spirituality in the Concoction from whence things Tartarous and Feculent stop in the first passages, and afterwards flow to the Spleen in such plenty, that they cannot be se∣parated. Certainly meats hardned with Smoak and Salt, in which there is either little of volatil Salt, or what there was is wasted by Smoaking, so that nothing but the fixt Salt and Tartarous remains, a thick Air, and maritine places do conduce to its generation. The me∣dicines which are given bruised and tasted, send forth a sharp vapor, subtile and quickly vani∣shing, which proceeds from volatil Salt, the same dryed or boyled work less, fresh and con∣dite do worke more exactly.
• 7. Primarily, residing in the Mesentery, Caule, first Passages, and the middle places between the stomach, Liver and Spleen, and bordering on both Bowels. Secundarily, in the Veins of the whol body.

That, for if the Chyle be less purefied by its spirituality, either by reason of the weakness of parts, or external error, it stops in them by reason of its thickness, by the arrival of more 'tis increased, and infects the same with its feculency and saltness which it hath conceived, it weakens and pollutes the neighbouring Liver, and the parts dedicated to concoction, both by contract, and sending forth of Fumes, from whence that quality is participated of by the same meats and Chyle. This, for that filth detained there for some time, by help of the serous Humor is carried to the Liver, from thence by the Veins and Arteries is distributed into the whol habit of the Body, the future Cause of so many Symp∣tomes.

The CURE respects three things.

• 1. The Diet, which ought to be incisive, attenuating, abstersive opening obstructions, where note, the eating of wild Pidgeons is commended, that this Disease in some places is Cured by the ex∣ercise of Venery, perhaps by reason of the exsplendency of natural heat. Things Sugard and Milks must be avoided.
• 2. Chirurgery, by Vertue of which the basilick Vein, the me∣dian, Salvatella, or of the Ankles must be opened; but so, that we forbear if the spots have already appeared: if there be no Hopes of the Hemrrhoids, and a Feaver affect, let it be done. Let the Evacuation be sparingly least the strength be dejected.
• 3. Physick, by Vertue of which.

• 1. The matter offending must be prepared, the first passages being washt, so that we begin with the gentler; that we act with things more attenuating if the Dis∣ease be now grown strong, or the men live in a thick Air; That those things be given which work by their whol propriety, and be admi∣nistred rather in juyces, essences, conserves, than in Decoctions and extracts, in which the volatil Salt of medicines doth vanish. Things appropriate are English Scurvy-Grass, which is most commended, or Brooklime, which hath somthing of moisture in it, Horse-Radish, the lesser Celandine, Pennywort, Mustard, wa∣ter Trefoil, &c. Of Compounds are, the Danick electuary made of the berries which they calmultiber. Forestus his Sceletyrbick Syrup, and Mynsichtus his Antiscorbutical Syrup. The essence of germander and Fu∣mitory. The Spirit and conserve of Scurvy∣grass. Mynsichtus his Tinctura Martis strengthned with appropriate things, &c.

• 2. It must be emptyed either by the lower Parts, where take place Quarcetans Tartarous Pills; or by sweats to discusse the remainder, which either in a Laconick Bath, or otherwise, are wel raised by Mynsichtus his Theriaca Saxo∣nica, the essence of Fumitory with Salt of Wormwood; or by Diureticks given with appropriate Waters.
• 3. The Parts, as the Liver, Stomach, &c. Must be streng∣thened.

The Symptomes, which afflict the scorbuti∣cal, are various, which affect for the most part by periods, are not al found in al people; some are more familiar, others less; but they are as follows.

I. Difficulty of breathing, and a staitness of the breast by fits, which affects without a noise, hissing and cough; somtimes it hath joyned with it, a darkness cast over the Eyes, faintings, and the Patients despairing of health. It ariseth from Vapors or Humors Sticking in the Cavity of the Caul, and compressing the Midriff, which being stirred after vehement exercise make the Symptome more greivous. 'Tis Cured with Thoracical and Antiscorbu∣tical means, to which add somwhat of Eich∣stadius his Confection of Alchermes, and Saffron.

II. An Itching, Tumor, and Putrefacti∣on of the Gums, for whenas their flesh is soft and loose 'tis easily corroded by the thinner and sharper part of the Humor ascending thither. It cheifly troubles Children, and affects with a blackness of the Teeth, Putrefaction and loos∣ness, their holes being possest with the evil Hu∣mor, yet it suddainly vanishes, by reason of the recourse of the Humor. The Cure of it is helped by appropiate Waters, if the mouth be washt with them. By the Decoction of astrin∣gent plants in austere Wine, adding Spi∣rits of Vitriol and Alum, which are most effectual.

III. Plenty of spots in the Thighs, which for the most part trouble those of ful Age; first they are ruddy and like flea-bitings, by and by they become purple and somwhat livid, at last they decline to a black color. When there is many, Somtimes they invade the breast, the Neck, Arms, and Face: somtimes they vanish suddainly, somtimes last many yeares; som∣times they turne to scales; and by how much the more livid they are, by so much the more dangerous. They arise from the descending part of the Humor, thrust by Nature to the more ignoble Parts. They may be Cured by things discussive and mollefying, as Baths of Juniper berries, cresses, Scurvy-grass, Cha∣memel, &c. if they be ulcerous they are hardly cured, whenas the whol thigh is gangrend by them.

IV. A paine of the thighs, which is disten∣sive, dul, breaking the bones, lying deep, grows Feircer towards night, by reason of the motion of the melancholy humor about that time. It ariseth from serous humors, som∣times falling down from the head, and cleave∣ing to the membranes, sometimes poured out of the veins from the seat of the filth by the cru∣ral branches of the vena cava, and insinuated into the muscles of the thighs. 'Tis mitiga∣ted with a cataplasme of coagulated milk, with flowers of chamemel, water cresses, and Ju∣niper beries boyled in milk. 'Tis exasperated by giving of fat things before the spots break out.

V. A pain of the belly, which somtimes doth so goad, that the sick fal into a rupture of the peritoneum. It troubles by intervalls with a pulse and urine scorbutical. Somtimes it lasts to the fortieth day, neither is it circum∣scribed with the course of the collick gut. And truly with a depression of the belly, that it is pulled inward with the navel, and this seems as if it were tyed to the loins; with a disten∣sion felt according to its longitude, a puiling of the right gut upwards, that nothing at al is voided. It ariseth from an effusion of that matter through the mesaraick veins, which do not open into the gutts, between the two coats of the guts. Hence is a distension, con∣vulsion, pulling, drawing of the neghbouring parts into consent, a pregression of Feavers, whose Fewel is in the vessels of the bowels. It is cured by removing the cause; by mitiga∣ting it by laxatives and glysters, by which ex∣cretion ought to be provoked. The elixir pro∣prietatis is very profitable.

VI. A pain of the feet about the ankles and soles, which is a fore-runner of the spots, and by reason of the thinness of the matter, it doth as it were penetrate the parts. 'Tis cured by a medicine made of the flowers of elder two handfuls, boyled in wine, adding two drams of soap, and applyed on a cloath to the part in pain.

VII. Pains of the Hypochondries un∣bounded, because the wind hath no passage out, Nephritical, either because the Matter de∣scends by the emulgent vessels to the kidneys: or because being heaped up, and by the acces∣sion of an external cause, thrust to the greater vessels, it flows down to the kidneys. Of the

Loyns, which sometimes arise from vitious blood conteined there, somtimes by way of a catarrh falling from the head by the veins upon the spinal marrow; hence the paines begin from the shoulders, and by degrees creep to the Loyns.

VIII. Paines of the head, which trouble a∣bout the evening, and are joined with a certain Feaverish heat, which vanish away in the morning sweats; they afflict those principally who contract this evil from the suppression of the hemrods. They arise from vapors ascend∣ing thither. They require, that brooklime be given in a greater dose, the quantity of hot things be diminisht, the hypochondries be a∣noynted with things opening.

IX. A Gout, concerning which note, that it is wandering, especially if cold topick medi∣cines be applyed; that for the most part 'tis joyned, with a light palsey, with a paine cea∣sing and returning. That it ariseth from se∣rous humors, thin and apt for motion. That 'tis wonderfully to be observed, that if a live worme be layed upon the place that is fullest of paine it skipps, winds and bowes it selfe a∣bout, wasts away and dyes. Amongst swea∣ters that is appropriate, which is prepared of the roots of Devils bit one ounce; round birth∣wort three drams; the herbs of Sage, betony, each one handful. Southernwood, Rue, Pere∣winkle, Savine, each one pugil; &c. See Hor∣stus concerning the wandring scorbutical gout, Tom. 1. of his observations.

X. A Palsey which somtimes involves the the thighs, somtimes al one side. It differs from the palsey of the ancients, because some motion remains, 'tis interrupted, it assayles by little and little before it fixes, it follows no such fixt stupidity, paines of the colon and belly, tumors breaking forth in any part, and easily vanishing again. It ariseth from the scorbutical matter carried to the spinal marrow by that branch which is extended from the A∣orta, not far from the mesenterical branch, and creeps to the back bone and its vertebraes. 'Tis Cured if the tendons be not rigid, the body being once or twice purged, by the use of brooklime and scurvy-grass; if they be har∣dned and rigid by emollient cataplasmes, pre∣mising fomentations of water, in which the leaves of Sage, Betony, Rosemary, with el∣der and melilot Flowers have been boyled.

XI. A Convulsion and contraction, which somtimes grows so strong, that the sick are not able to extend any joint, and they are drawn as it were round. 'Tis joined somtimes with a rigidity of the turning joint of the mouth, on which the lower jawe under the place of hearing is reversed, so that the mouth shuts close, that it cannot rightly be opened. It a∣riseth from the rigidness of the tendons, when in that tartarous but serous humor, this being discust that is left and dryed. 'Tis cured by things mollefying and discussive.

XII. A deepe sleep, which somtimes afflicts, with a slow continual Feaver, somtimes with an intermitting; it comes with a fit, and that going away it ceaseth. 'Tis cured with water∣cresses which grows in clear waters.

XIII. A Palpitation of the heart, and swouning. Concerning which we must know that it serves for the most part, when the pati∣ents rise in their bed the humors being stirred; somtimes. 'tis so great, that they dye sud∣dainly. 'Tis a certain sign of the scurvy, if it afflict in a disease that is smal to the sense. It ought to be opposed by medicines given six or eight times a day with things antiscorbuti∣cal.

XIV. Vomiting, which is rather a vaine en∣deavouring, 1. To vomit, that hath no heaviness or pain of the stomach going before, it is not taken away by medicines that strengthen the stomach, 'tis rather quieted with milky things, that do lenify the humors.

XV. Too much spitting, which ariseth partly from vapors raised up to the mouth, from the bordering places of the stomach; partly from meats corrupted in the stomach, and car∣ried up to the mouth along the course of the membrane lining the gullet: partly from a serous humor poured forth from the spleen in∣to the stomach through the Vas breve. 'Tis prevented by avoiding of sharp and hot medi∣cines which diffuse the matter.

XVI. A Flux of the belly both diurnal and nocturnal, which brings forth compacted excrements, but exceeding the meat in quantity, sometimes of a green, somtimes of an ash color. It ariseth either because the nourishment not attracted by the weakness of the liver, is cor∣rupted, or because the serous humor flows back from the spleen to the gutts; or because the serum which might have been dissipated tho∣rough the habit of the body in forme of a vapor by cold condensing the pores is driven back to the guts, or the vessels, especially in the morning time, when the body is open with heat, being bound up by cold, 'tis thrust back towards the greater vessels, and carries with it to the guts,

whatsoever it findes in the way: and then in the cure things astringent are most hurtful. A dry dyet must be used; wormwood wine diluted with the decoction of succory is good, or because whiles the serous humor grows hot with the Feaverish heat, and cannot be exha∣led, it is turned thither; and then syrup of Roses solutive and things of succory are good. 'Tis somtimes bloody but without paine, and with other signs of the scurvy. It ariseth from Feculent blood abounding in the veins, and poured forth into the guts through the ends of them.

XVII. Feavers, which differ far from other Feavers. For the sence of cold extends it selfe to six or seaven hours, the pulse is slow, weak, unequal in the declination, great and hard in the vigour, the urine is as we have said formerly. Somtimes they trouble thrice, som∣times four times a day; most commonly they are mixt of the type of a continual and tertian. The continual if they be exasperated by purg∣ing medicines or hot potions do kil.

XVIII. A dropsy which afflicts both with a harder manifest tumor, and distension of the spleen, liver, or belly, and with a greater difficulty of breathing, than otherwise, which after the use of purgers doth most of al torment, and because it proceeds from thick vapors, they being discust it ceaseth.

XIX. An Erysipelas, Which somtimes molests every week, somtimes every month, it proceeds from ichorus humors corrupted after a peculiarmanner. In the cure the water of elder flowers with Carduus water is good.

XX. Ʋlcers which are dry and yeild no matter or filth, they trouble those most that are of a cholerick temperament. They possess not only the thighs, but other parts also: som∣times they become so gangrenous, so that they feel not iron inflicted on them, they ought to be cured without any biting or pain; brooklime alone boyled in drink, layd on them twice a day doth much good, and also the oint∣ment of diapompholygos in great putrefaction, some Mercury precipitate, or spirits of vitriol must be mixed with it.

XXI. Hard bunchings in the whol body, & great tumors which stick in the groin, the glan∣dulous parts of the body, like unto muscles, they are without paine while the patients are quiet, with paine when they walk. If they break forth suddainly, and by and by vanish they presage a palsey. A cataplasme of the root of the greater comfry, of bryony, wormwood, the crum of white bread boyled in milk, is commended in the cure.

XXII. An Atrophy which proceeds at first because the faculty is disapointed by rea∣son of vitious nourishment, in process it ariseth by reason of a vitious disposition imprinted on the parts by the defluxion of humors. For the cure is commended goats milk, if the goat be nourisht with things antiscorbutical. I o∣mit the rest. See concerning this disease, Sen∣nartus, Horstius and others.

Title, 8. Of the affects of the Kidneys.

Chap. 1. Of the diseases of the kidneys.

Article, 1. Of the Straitness of the Rid∣neys.

THe diseases of the kidneys are, straitness, inflamation, the stone, wounds and ulcers.

The straitness is an obstruction or compressi∣on of the vessels in the kidneys induced by its causes.

The Signs of it are, the retention or pau∣city of urine, and from thence a sence of disten∣sion and heviness about the loines, in one, or both sides, &c.

The Causes shal be explained in the differ∣ences, the continent is put in the definition.

The Cure varies according to the nature of the differences.

The differences are taken from the causes in∣ferring the obstruction or compression.

• I. One is from a tumor, Phlegmon, Scir∣rus, compressing them, too much dryness whiles the substance is wrinkled and contracted; which wil discover themselves by their signes; al∣though the last is very hardly known.
• II. Another from humors viscous, thick, clammy, which is known by their redundance, the absence of pain, and a Feaver. 'Tis cured,
  • 1. By emptying by stool or by vomit,
  • 2. By things detersive, incisive, and diuretick. The waters of parsly, rest-barrow with Fer∣nelius his syrup of radish are commended. The spirits of salt, tartar vitriolate with a Julep of violets, &c.
• III. Another is from clotted blood which hath fallen out of its vessels, and concreted there. 'Tis known from hence, that pissing of

• blood went before, and causes enducing it, as blows, falls, &c. 'Tis dissolved with chervil water, dyers madder, with the seed of cresses, spermaceti, and mummy, made into a pouder.
• IV. Another is from matter which is gener∣ated there, or flows from some other part. It is known by the signs of an ulcer or impostu∣mation in the kidnies, and the urine somtimes purulent. 'Tis cured by abstersives.
• V. Another from the stone, of which shal be treated hereafter: in the meane while ob∣serve that gravil doth sometimes do it, which either is produced in the proper substance of the kidnies, which is known from hence, that 'tis hard and red, and thence rapt with the vio∣lence of the urine running is carried into its hollow part, afterwards is thrust down to the bladder, and when the water is made it doth sinke, and is hardly bruised with the fingers. Or doth arise from the adustion of humors in the veines and liver, that which is voided in the declination of feavers both acute and chronical; 'Tis known from hence, that it doth not sub∣side, but is mixt with the substance of the urine, cleaves to the chamber pot like pouder, and is easily bruised with the fingers.

Article. II. Of an inflamation of the Kid∣neys.

An inflamation of the kidneyes, on nephri∣tis, is a swelling of them from blood poured forth into their substance, and there putrefy∣ing, joyned with a vehement paine, fibrous or gravelly, excretions.

The Signs are a heavy and extensive paine about the loins to the first vertebrae, which differs from the collick in these, because it doth not wander into the middle of the belly or about it with a murmur, doth not alwaies grow gentler the belly being purged, by its cruelty and fe••rceness it puls the peritonaeum; tis very thick and frequent. There is a conti∣nent inordinate feaver, which somtimes in∣creaseth, somtimes abateth, and about night is exasperated: a subvertion of the bowels and stomach. A casting up by vomite first of al of fl••gmatick things, afterwards of colerick; a scarceness, thinness, waterishness of the urine when the evil begins, somtimes a suppression, by and by that plenty and thickness with a compulsion to piss from a certain sence of heat; A stupidity and numness of the next thigh, by reason of the compression of the nerve. A dif∣ficult raising of the body; lying down upon the sick side mirigates the paine, upon the con∣trary exasperates it.

The Cause is blood, either pure or mixt, either heaped up in the kidnies by way of col∣lection or thrust thither by way of fluxion, either from the whole body, or from a part, as is often said elswhere.

The firmness and hardness of the kidneys seldom give occasion for a fluxion, oftentimes diuretick medicines doe, which carry the blood to the kidneys.

The CURE is easier if the hemrods come upon it, if the impostume being broke, a white, smooth, equal matter, not stinking, be voided through the passages of the urine if it tend to resolution. Very difficult if the Impostum be∣ing broke after suppuration, the matter take its way through the emulgents to the liver and guts. If it tend to induration. Past hopes almost if there flowe a white, thin, or purulent water, without the remission of the feaver and symptoms, and with a wasting on the legs and thighs. 'Tis ordered as in other inflamations, yet we must observe.

• 1. That things moderately cooling and astringent be used with things anodyne for repulsion; outwardly indeed, least the hu∣mors subsisting about the external and fieshy parts be struck inward into the kidneys; but inwardly, least when they begin their astricti∣on about the belly, or liver and veins, they should either cast down the blood to the kidnies or by straightening the narrow passages, cause an ischury
• 2. We must abstaine from purgers because they inflame and trouble the humors, yet gentle and benigne must be given, if choler stick in the mesaraicks and stomach, least it be carried thither.
• 3. Diureticks must not be drank unless when the inflamation is perfect∣ly alaied. Here takes place tartar vetriolate half a scruple, with the Julep of roses and cinna∣mon water two drams; and other things.

The Differences are taken from the part af∣fected.

I. One is in the Right kidney, in which the loins on the right side are payned, the paine ascends more to the liver, the right thigh is benummed.

Another in the left, in which the paine de∣scends to the bladder.

Another in both, in which the symptoms op∣press in both sides.

II. One is in the fleshy part of the kidney, in which a greater heaviness affects.

Another in the parts in which the arteries are terminated, in which a beating paine urg∣eth.

Article. III. Of the Stone of the Kid∣nies.

The stone of the Kidnies, is a solid and stony substance, mucilaginous, s••imy, carter∣ous, endued with a stone making faculty, a∣rising in the kidnies by the help of heat.

The Signs are principally five,

• 1. A Pain, which affects in the loyns, causeth a sence of heaviness, by reason of the substance of the kidnies void of sense: in its descent into the ureters 'tis increased, by reason they which consist of a crosse and thick membrane, are distracted, especially if the stone be great, craggy, and rough. 'Tis distinguisht from the chollick, because 'tis neither so grievous, nor so large, because 'tis fixt, and is circum∣scribed with the region of the kidnies, and if it fal into the bladder, it follows the course of the ureters, and affects not with winde.
• 2. Bloody urine by reason of the wounding of the parts through which it passes, which at first is little and waterish, by and by supprest, the stones being removed out of the kidneys, tis tur∣bulent, and having a sandy sediment.
• 3. A Numness of the thighs which hapens not in the paine of the chollick, because the muscle on which the kidney lyes, and which is appoin∣ted for bending of the thigh, and is inserted into the inner part of the thigh, is comprest.
• 4. A retraction of the testicle of that side, by reason of the retraction of the neighbouring ves∣sels, which lead to the stones, and are inserted in them.
• 5. A ••auseousness and vomiting; for the kidnies are knit to the stomach by the me∣diation of the peritoneum, whose membran each bowel participates, and two nerves of the sixth conjugation issuing from the stomach are implanted into the internal coate of the kidneys. The voiding of gravel is a signe of the stone in making.

The Cause is not flegme, for many are troubled with that, who have no commerce with the stone-growing juice; hence chose that have the stone oftentimes make water, which is like mucous matter, and presently concretes into a stone. But this proceeds from the faecu∣lency of the nourishment, which if it be retai∣ned, glues it self to this or that part, by the new arrival of matter is dayly increased, being increased by degrees it is dryed, and where it finds a viscous, thick, earthy matter, it coagu∣lates it, and afterwards the internal spirit of the microcosmical salt comming, the which by reason of its natural viscousness, or clam∣miness that Tartar easily receives, and hides within it self, at last 'tis Coagulated into a perfect Stone.

The CURE is Difficult if bubbles for some daies are perceived to continue in the Urin, be∣cause they shew a great quantity of Tartar ous and mucilaginous Humors, together with wind doth abound in the Kidneys. If from Urin remaine subtile, and last so for some time, because it argues a great obstruction. If the it an Ulcer of the Kidneys ensue. If the Pa∣tient be of Nephritical parents. It respect.

• I. Prevention that either it be not generated, or do not ••ncreafe, and then.
  • 1. There must be care had of the Diet, in which meat and drink making for the stone must be eschewed; the contrary meats made use of amongst these are commended, asparagus moderately boy led, with Oyl of Vineger and Butter, taken at first Course, the fruit of Eglantine, the stones of the same boy led in broths, Chevil, Radish, Oyl of Olives and sweet Almonds.
  • 2. The matter collected must timely be emptyed, that it do not concrete. By vomits given every month twice or thrice, by lenitive Medicines, especially Cassia, Turpentine, and chose that purge wa∣ter. By things that break it, if any thing be concreted, amongst which are commended the Decoction of the Nephritical wood, of Ale∣hoof, the Juyce of Speedwel with the Water, and other things, of which hereafter.
  • 3. The Peins must be reduced to their state, and hert bleeding prevails, if the Liver hath raised▪ hot distemper in them, the administration of Strawhetry, Purslain, Barley Water and a∣noynting with cold Unguents.
• II. The taking away of the stone generated, which is perfor∣med,
  • 1. By clensing of the first Passages by gentle Evacuaters, corrected with things that discuss wind.
  • 2. By opening a Vein in the Arm, if there be a plenitude in the whol body, and the pain be great; of the Anckle, or Ham, if it be fallen upon the affected Part.
  • 3. By Relaxing and making slippery the Passages, in wardly with the Syrup of Marsh-mallows, Liquorish, Violets. Outwardly with an Oyntment Compounded of Oyntment of Di∣althea, two drams; Hens Grease, new Marrow of a Hart, each one dram; Oyl of White Lillies, one dram; of Scorpi∣ons, two scruples; Oyl of Wax distilled and spirits of Turpentine, of each one scruple; Wax, and Saffron a liltle. By a Bath of sweet Water, in which may be taken, Oyl of

• • fresh Almonds, two ounces; Oyl of Turpen∣tine, six drops, With a drauft or Warm wine.
  • 4. By Removing, Breaking and expelling the Stone by Medicines that wil do that: the more Excellent of simples are, the magistral of Tar∣tar Vitriolate, of Crabs Eyes, of the mandi∣ble of a Pike, and the Jewish Stone.
  Lapis Prunella, the essence of Crystals, the Ne∣phritical Stone, the Aqua Vitae of Juniper. Horstius, T. 1. P. 481. Of compounds, Zacutus his Confection or conserve of the Nephritical Stone. l. 8. c. 16. Mynsichutus, his Nephritical liquor, Armament. P. 338. The mixture of magistral of Tartar Vitriolate dissolved, Crabs Eyes, Lapis prunella, the volatil Salt of Amber, and Ʋntzerus his Saxa∣frage Water. The generous Wine of the same Author, in which a sharp radish with the Rind taken off, and cut into thin slices, was steeped a whol day, given with the magistral of Crabs Eyes and spirit of Salt. The mixture of Muffet the English man, Cistae Medicae, p. 34. Of Libavius of white Saxifrage water, with Sugar of Violets and Roses streined, with a little Spirits of Vitriol. Zuingerus his ex∣peller of the Stone, Cist. Med. p. 35.
• 3. The removing of the pain, which is performed by the Oyntments formerly prescribed for relax∣ing of the Passages, with a half bath prepared of things anodine, Cratoes Cataplasme of pellitory of the Wal, Parsly, Onions, &c.
• 4. The Discussion of wind, if there be any. See concerning the Stone, the excellent & most satisfying Treatises of Ʋntzerus, Franciscus Collutius, and Beverovicius.

Article, IV. Of an Ʋlcer and Wound of the Kidneys.

Concerning an Ʋlcer of the Kidneys, Let it suffice to have observed these things.

I. That it doth very seldom happen from an Impostumation of a phlegmon, by the Acrimo∣ny of the matter flowing thither corroding the Kidney, by a blow, or fal breaking the Veins; yet if it do happen, the Cure doth require, that the falling down of Humors be stopt by Diet, by bleeding and purging; they already fallen must be temperd with coolers, nephri∣tical means: must be emptyed with turpentine reduced with the yolk of an Egg into a liquor, or with the pouder of liquorish into a Bolus.

II. That it is alwaies truely Cause by a Stone restraineth within it, which either by its weight doth bruise the Kidney, or by fretting diminish and corrode it. Then the Urin before it begins to be purulent, becomes bloody, espe∣cially after exercise and labor; none or an obscure feaver troubles them. If at any time the matter be stopt by the obstruction of the Head of the Ureter, that by degrees either redoun∣ding by the emulgent into the greater veins will defile the blood and habit of the body; or heaped up in that place, wil distend the Loyns, from which the Skin being opened it wilflow much and a long while.

III. In the Cure the Decoction of Parsly, discribed by Doringius in his Mithridato∣techina, p. 150. Bears the Palm from al o∣thers.

Concerning a Wound of the Kidneys, it shal suffice to have noted these things.

I. That it is known, by the Situation, suppression of Urin, or difficulty of it, by its bloodiness, by a pain extending to the groins.

II. That it is divided into that which is in the Superficies and fleshy Part, and then much blood flows forth, the Urine goes not forth; the stronger agglutinatives may presently be administred: and into that which Pene∣trates even to its Cavity, and then the blood goes forth with the Water. In the Cure the blood must be stopt. This stopping, things agglutinating must be given inwardly and laid upon it; and here is of force, unguentum Sanctum of Andreas a Cruce, which see in Sennertus, &c.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes of the Kidneys.

COncerning the Symptomes of the Kid∣neys, Viz. The Separation of the serum hurt, and Pain, few things present them∣selves.

I. The separation of the Serum, is hurt by the fault of the emulgent Vessels and Kidneys, which either labour of a cold distemper, and then the Urine is not suddainly sup∣prest. Or of a streitness, of which formerly. In the Cure, Diureticks must be given an hour or two before meat.

II. The Nature of the Pain may be fetcht from the Chapter of inflamation and stone of the Kidneys. At the seat of the Kidney 'tis fixt and firm on either side, unless that som∣times

'tis extended either to the Hip, or to the Stone of the same side by the Course of the ureter. They that are accustomed to it, by reason of the dilatation of the ureters, are not so easily affected, unless perchance the stone be thick and rough; but they who are not ac∣customed to it, or have been seldome and gent∣ly troubled with nephritick pains, are tor∣mented with the least stone, &c.

Title, IX. Of the Af∣fects of the bladder.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the Bladder.

Article, 1. Of the Stone of the Bladder.

THe Diseases of the Bladder are, The Stone, Inflamation, Ʋlcers, to which ought to be added, the streitness of the passage for Ʋrin.

What the Stone of the Bladder is, may be perceived by the definition of the Stone of the Kidneys.

The SIGNES of it are, an Itching and sharp pain in the Neck of the Bladder, the Pubes and Perinaeum, which by progression and distention of the Bladder, torments with great tortures, the Patients are wont to scratch their Privities and often to distend them, and make Water by drops with exceeding pain, and that while the Stone is gathering together is thin and clear, of somwhat whitish color, but being concrete, 'tis wont to settle like unto Oyl, with a gravelly sediment, white, like to scabs, if the Stone be brittle.

The CAUSE, and CURE, must be fetcht from the Chapter of the stone of the Kidneys. If it cannot be broken and expeled, it must be cut out, concerning which see Chi∣rurgions. For breaking of it serves the Com∣position of Salt of white Tartar, one ounce; and Parsty Water, one pound, mixt together, and streined through streining paper, dyed of a yellow color with Orange Pils; also the Pouder of Palmer Worms, concerning which consult with the peculiar treatise of Laurem∣bergius. And also the blood of a Goate, nou∣risht with Plants that break the stone, distil∣led, taking at meat those stuffings which ought to be made of its Kidneys, and other Bowels and Guts. For mitigation of the Pain a Bath is good, which must be followed with an unction of the Cod, Pubis, and perinae∣um, with the Compound Oyl made of Oyl of Scorpions, bitter Almonds, the Fat of a Cony and Hen, of each one ounce and an half; and the Juyce of Pellitory of the Wal, two drams.

There meet us some Differences of the stone.

I. One is smal and light, in which a vagous and wandering tickling afflicts about the pubes and perinaeum, the which is easier broken.

Another a little bigger, in which there is felt the weight of some heavy thing lying upon it, so that going through uneven places is difficult and painful, and dancing much more diffiult, they piss often, and the Urin can hardly be kept in, which is white, thick, turbid, with a purulent Sediment, or like to the snivel of the Nose; when they should piss the stone driven in the way, the flux of Urin is intercepted, there is a most sharp pain towards the latter end of pissing, when the stone stirred up by the Course of the Urin, as if it were comming forth, doth more violently compress the Sphincter muscle, at other times it affects the whol passage of the Privity, somtimes the Nut. Striving to piss is accompanied with a desire to go to stool, be∣cause the greatness of the stone from the peri∣naeum stimulates the right Gut, as wel as the Neck of the Bladder. This can hardly be Cu∣red any other way than by cutting.

II. One is concrete, which sends no gravel from it in the Urin. Another not concrete, in which the Urin doth cast off some gravel and that either white or red, which must be distin∣guished from that of the Kidneys, by other signs of the stone of the Bladder.

III. One is which grows in the bladder it self, to which that said before accords. Ano∣ther which descends from the Kidneys through the Ʋreters into it, and then signs of the stone of the Kidneys went before, there was a pain reacht from the Kidneys to the blad∣der, according to the length of the Ureters, the Nephritical pain is either ceased, or troubles little. This some do beleeve may be broke by the Indian Plant called by Manardus, Payco, and by other things.

IV. One is which doth not cleave to the Bladder, and therefore may be taken forth more safely by cutting. Another which cleaves

to the top of the bladder, and hangs down as it were from it, and then al the symptomes reckoned formerly, are more obscure, there have been those seen who have carried it with∣out any paine: nay it can by no meanes almost be removed without injury to the patient. Of which see Tulpius observat. l. 2. c. 5.

Article, 2. Of an inflamation, scab, ulcer and fistula of the bladder.

An inflamation of the bladder, doth not so much possess the substance of the bladder, which is thin and bloudless, as the sphincter muscle of the neck of it.

The signes of it are, a bitter paine in the pe∣rinaeum with redness and heat, a suppression of the urine with a great endeavoring to piss, co∣stiveness of the body (because the right gut is streitned by the greatness of the inflamation) a distension of the pubes and pecten to the na∣vel by reason of the abundance of water.

The cause is the same as of other inflamations.

The cure is difficult, because the affect is deadly for the most part about the seventh day especially, a Feaver comming, and the stop∣page of urine, and stools: yet if it be gentler, and the inflamation being changed into matter, the impostumation break inwardly, and is emptied by the urine, there is better hopes: and also, an erysipelas arising about the superficies of the skin, and plenty of water being made, sometimes tis suddainly dissolved. 'Tis ordered after the manner of other inflama∣tions. Repellers must not be applyed long because the bladder is membranous, and is easi∣ly bound up, the urine supprest, and the nerves hurt.

II. A Scab of the bladder is known by an itching in the pecten, by the strong smel of the urine, by a branny sediment residing at the bottom. It ariseth from sharp and salt hu∣mors corroding the internal superficies of it. 'Tis cured in old folks hardly, the humors are partly to be emptyed, partly qualifyed by the four cold seeds, violet flowers, strawberries, either taken inwardly, or outwardly injected through the urethra.

III. There is no need to say what an ulcer of the bladder is, it appears from the former.

The signs of it are, scales and matter, which flow forth only with the urine, and sink in it, and so 'tis distinguisht from an exulceration of the urinary passage, in which the matter and filth, either goes before the urine, or appeares presently at first comming forth, or also flows forth without urine. There is a continiual torment about the bladder, pubes, and perenae∣um; the urine also is thick, and somtimes mixt with matter, somtimes with blood, &c.

The causes are divers, of which in the diffe∣rences.

The cure is of little hopes, both because the bladder is membranous, and because the urine which is biting by its continual running down, hinders its consolidation. 'Tis ordered after the manner of other ulcers.

The differences are taken cheifly from the causes.

I. One is from cantharides, and then if it be lately, we must give milk plentifully, by and by consolidate. If it be inveterate, it must be cured as other ulcers.

Another is from sharp urine, which the use of pure wine and hot meats hath caused, and then we must act with cooling diureticks.

Another from sharp or salt humors, as it were knawing its internal superficies, and then,

• 1. We must empty with cassia and turpentine,
• 2. We must temper them with water lillies, let∣tice, endive, &c.

Another from the stone, of which formerly.

II. One is in the bottom, in which the pain is felt about the pubes.

Another by the urinary passage, in which at the time of pissing the pain is felt more; and es∣pecially when they begin, and when they make an end to piss.

IV. The cure of a fistula, see in Langius, l. 3. epist. 5.

Article, 3. Of the straitness of the Ʋrinary Passage.

The straitness of the urinary passage, is an interception of the same proceeding from its causes and inducing a stoppage of urine.

The signs, causes, and cure, If you consi∣der this affect in general, have nothing singu∣lar.

The differences are taken from the causes.

• I. One is from obstruction, which is caused,
  • 1. Either from the stone, which is known by this, that signs of the stone were precedent, the urine is somtimes made freely, somtimes the stone falling from the bottom of the bladder in∣to its orifice, 'tis suddainly stopt, the pain urgeth most at the root of the bladder; The cure consists in removing of the same, by shak∣ing of the thighs if it be great that sticks at the

• ...
  • orifice: by bringing it out of the extremity of the urinary passage, if it be smal, and can be moved out of its place: by laxative fo∣mentations, and things that break the stone, if it cannot be moved out of its place with the fin∣gers.
  • 2. Or from clotted blood, which is known by this, that a wound or rupture of a vessel went before the blood was poured forth, with the urine; outwardly common ashes may be ap∣plyed with honey.
  • 3. Or from matter, which either was in the kidneys, or bladder, or by the breaking of an impostumation in the up∣per parts was carried thither.
  • 4. Or from thick and viscous flegm, and then the urine is almost totally supprest, there are present signs of flegm; we must use things incisive and attenu∣ating.
• II. Another is from a constipation, by a caruncle, a callosity, a wart, growing in the passage of the urine, which is known by this, that neither the urine is pist out freely, nor the seed sent forth, great pains are present; tis tryed by a catheter or wax candle put in. But because the urine alwaies flows alike from the stone, because 'tis never almost wholy inter∣cepted by a flegmatick obstruction, upon that account 'tis known. It is cured by things that wast, and consolidate. Of those is commen∣ded, premising universals, oyl of Mercury with a little sugar of saturne and camphure, (amongst which I reckon the decoctions of China and sassafras) the pouder made of mer∣curius dulcis half an ounce; crude antimony one ounce; rutty prepared two drams; of the use of which consult Hartmans Chymiatry.
• III. Another is from compression, which is caused, either from the coldness of the right gut; or from the inflamation of the neighbor∣ing parts, or from the swelling of the yard, and neck of the bladder, or the contorsion of the bladder; or the falling down of the bladder in∣to the Cod. The Cure must be directed a∣gainst the diseases.

Chap. 2. Of the symptoms of the bladder.

Article, 1. Of the incontinency of the u∣rine.

THe Symptomes of the bladder are, incon∣tinency of the vrine, a diabetes, an Ischu∣ry, a Strangury, dysury, bloody pissing, pu∣rulent, &c.

Incontinency of the urine, is a sending forth of the same, by reason of the resolution of the sphincter muscle, or compression of the bladder, without any sence of acrimony and paine, be∣side the wil of our command.

There is no need of Signs in an affect so manifest.

The cause is cast upon the resolution of the sphincter (of whose causes in the differences) and the compression of the bladder; which comes to pass, either from a convulsion of the muscles of the belly, or from the greatness of the young one about the last months, or from a tumor placed upon the bladder: of al which respect must be had in the cure.

The cure varies according to the nature of the Differences.

The Differences are taken from the causes inducing the resolution of the sphincter, and the time.

I. One is from a palsy of the nerves, which from the loines are inserted into it, by reason of which it cannot contract it self: and then 'tis harder to be cured, if the spinal marrow be af∣fected or the muscle it self wounded. The causes by reason of which a palsy comes, must be inquired from its chapter, and as they vary, so the cure must be varied.

Another is only from the laxness and softness of the sphincter, and then the patients can neither endure the acrimony, nor abundance of urine, when the animal powers are asleep. For the cure are commended, Diacyminum, Fran∣kincense drunk in wine; the throat of a cock, rosted and dryed, that it may be ground to a pouder, given at night in astrin∣gent red wine. The bladder of a goat dryed in an oven and poudered given likewise one dram weight.

II. One also is diurnal, which afflicts the apoplectical and paralytick.

Another Nocturnal, which is wont to hap∣pen to children, by reason of the cold and moist distemper of the muscle, or not thinking of it: in succeeding yeares, the muscle of the bladder growing dryer and stronger it ceases. By rea∣son of continual drinking for the most part it follows those of riper years to their death.

Article, 3. Of a Diabites.

A Diabetes is a most quick and plentiful pis∣sing of the drink unchanged, arising from the intense attractive faculty of the kidneys, and afflicting with a strong perpetual thirst.

The Part affected is the kidnies, yet so, that the bladder also opprest with the plenty of urine, consents.

The Signs are plentiful pissing, little or not at al changed, a strong thirst, nor any satisfaction from the taking in of any liquor, a paine, pracking, and heaviness about the loins, a coliquation of the whole body, the belly dry∣ed and withered.

The Cause is controverted amongst physi∣tians, we hold 'tis the intense attractive fa∣culty of the kidnies, arising from a very hot dis∣temper of them, which is caused by an afflux of sharp and biting humors, viz. choller and salt flegme, impacted in the substance of the kidnies: the too great largeness of the emul∣gent vessels and ureters, the heate of the liver, pestilential feavers, the weakness of the sto∣machs retentive faculty, doe help. Thus when the kidnies draw plenty of serum from the veins, and cannot contain it by reason of their weakness, they send it to the bladder, the veins again draw from the liver, this from the stomach, whence the orifice of this being emp∣tied and dryed, there ariseth a continual thirst, &c.

The Cure is too difficult, and for the most part passeth into a hectick, and dryness of the whole body. 'Tis ordered. 1. By things that correct the distemper of the kidnies, where bleeding also takes place. 2. By things that dul the acrimony of the humors, and make the blood, and with it the serous humor flower to motion. The essence of crocus mar∣tis described by Crollius, Baths made of smiths water, drink, but little of the decoction of harts-horn, salt of corals, &c. are thought to be prevalent.

As Concerning the Differences, 'tis only one.

One is an exquisite diabetes, of which we have now treated.

Another spurious, which is nothing else but a colliquative flux of urine, while the juyces in the veins, or in the substance of the body are changed into a serous matter, which attracted by the kidnies, slides through them, and de∣scends to the bladder.

Article. III. Of an Ischury.

An Ischury is a suppression of the Ʋrine by reason of the disappointment of the expulsive faculty, so that none of it can come forth.

There is no need of Signs in an affect so manifest.

The Cause is the disappointment of the ex∣pulsive faculty, the causes of which we shal explaine in the differences.

The Cure must be hastened, least it regurgi∣tace into the whole body, oppresse the liver, infect the blood, and cause a danger of suffo∣cation. Oftentimes the humors putrefie, fea∣vers are kindled, and unless they pisse before the seaventh day, they dye. There is no cure if it arise by reason of the deadly concourse of fits; if it come from a wound of the back bone or luxation of its vertebrae. If the hickops or a tenesmus come upon it. It respects.

• 1. The symptom it self, that the urine be provoked, here meet us, a pressing of the belly with hol∣ding of the breath; putting up of a catheter, unless an inflamation doe hinder, or of a wax candle dipt in oyl of sweet almonds; supposi∣tories and sharp glysters, by reason of the com∣munion of the right gut with the bladder, fo∣mentations of the pubes and perinaeum with the decoction of pellitory of the wal, melilot, chamemel. Cataplasms of horse raddish brui∣sed and fryed in butter. The juice of a cray fish baked and strained through hair, given in wine. The salt of beane cods. The decocti-of buck-thorn in wine; of gillyflowers with their root dryed in the shade with wine of quinces.
• 2. The Causes of the Symptom, of which in the differences.

An Ischury is divided twofould.

One from Diseases of the bladder, which is known by this, that a continnual desire to pisse doth oppress them, the pubes is distended and pained by the collection of abundance of urine by putting in a catheter plenty of urine flowes forth with ease. Those diseases are.

• 1. A stupidity, by reason of which it feels not its spur, either by reason of a palsey and ob∣struction of the nerve, or the aversion of the spirits; and then although the bladder be ful, there is no desire to pisse, nor no paine felt.
• 2. A cold distemper contracted from cooling causes, and then such causes went before; diu∣reticks must not be used unless the body be purged first.
• 3. A streightness, either by reason of a tumor of the muscle compassing the neck; or by Reason of a stone, and other things formerly alledged, if from this, 'tis somtimes cured with an emulsion of the seeds of purple violets made with speedwel water.
• 4. Too great an extention, & then the urine hath been retained too long against the wil, we must act with fomentations of pellitory of the wal with oyl of sweet almonds.

Another is from the streightness of the uri∣nary

passage, which is known from hence, that the urine is not voided by compressing the bladder, and that a catheter is difficultly put up. See the Cure in its chapter.

II. One is exquisite, of which we treated e∣ven now.

Another Spurious, which is knowne by this, that the bladder is empty, so that no water flowes forth though a catheter be put up. There is no heaviness or distention, or paine perceived about the pubes though you presse it. It ariseth either by default of the Kidnies, which do not attract, or expel the matter of the urine, either by reason of its owne diseases, of which formerly, or by reason of some ex∣ternal error, viz. because the serum is either consumed, or converted to some other parts; Or by default of the uriters which either are bound up, or obstructed, and then the patient was subject to the paine of both kidnies, there is a great heaviness in the loins, and somtimes a vehement paine torments eve∣ry where, there is little or no desire to make wa∣ter. But the specificks in this disease are thought to be, earth worms in number five, drunke with sweet wine. An egg-shel pur∣ged, from which a chick in hath been hatched. Goats piss dranke warme, 'its caule and guts applied to the belly, &c.

To an Ischury belong, A deminution of the water, which in malignant and acute feavers is therefore bad, because it is a signe that the nerves are affected. And the slowness of urine when it is voided at longer distances than it was wont; because they differ from an ischury on∣ly gradually, therefore we wil treate no more of them.

Article. IV. Of a strangury.

A strangury is a voiding of urine by drops, made with or without paine, and a continual urging to piss, arising from a continual goad∣ing of the expulsive faculty of the bladder, by reason that the sphincter is affected, or from the weakness of the retentive faculty oppressed with the least burthen.

The Signs of an affect so manifest are evi∣dent.

The Cause is explained in the definition, viz. the irritation of the expulsive, or weakness of the retentive facculty, but from whence they are, shal be exprest in the differences.

The Cure is of little or no Hopes almost, if it come upon an Iliack passion proceeding from an obstruction of crude and thick Hu∣mors, no Feaver following it, which may at∣tenuate the Humors. 'Tis ordered according to the diversity of the Causes, of which here∣after.

The Difference is taken from the Causes.

I. One is with pain proceeding from the irritation of the expulsive faculty, and it ari∣seth.

• 1. From the Acrimony of the Urin, which either is inferd by external Causes as meat and drink, hot and Salt, new and dreggy drink, which when it cannot be concocted commodiously, and hath a power to ferment the Humors, and loosen the Belly, if it be quickly carried to the Kidneys, 'tis carried crude to the bladder, and stimulates it. Then drinking of spanish or Mallego wine, does good, Nut-megs, Goates Fat put on the Navel. Or from internal, Viz. Sharp Humors, either produced there, or sent from elsewhere, which being viscous do by their clamminess stick to the Orifice of the bladder, and somtimes by their long continuance exulcerate the same. They are known by this, that the Urin is red and Yellow, there is a sharp biting felt, with a heat and thirst. The Cure requires emptying by Cassia and Turpentine. Tempering by coo∣lers and moistners, and a bath of sweet Wa∣ter. Promotion of the Ʋrin, By Salt of Acorns, of bean stalks, half a scruple; Oyl of Wax, three drops; in the Decoction of red Vetches. By the pouder of stones squeezed from the Heads of Snails, given in Wine. 2. By matter sent from the Liver, Kidneys, or else where, and then some of it wil appear in the Urin; whey with Sugar of Roses is good.
• 2. From the Stone, which Excoriates the bladder, to which we must have respect.
• 3. From an in∣flamation, of which was spoke formerly.
• 4. From the affects of the neighboring Parts, for upon an Inflamation of the right Gut and Womb, and purulency of the Kidneys there follows a dropping. Upon the falling down of the Womb, the Urin comes by drops, and is a little biting.

Another is simple and without pain, which is known by a white, Watry Urin, by the Age, Complexion, cold course of Diet, pregression of a burning Feaver. It ariseth either from the refrigeration of the bladder it self, and the Muscle shutting its neck, and then Diagalanga, Mithridate, &c. are wel taken inwardly

Oyl of Rue is wel outwardly applied. Or from a Compression of the bladder, which is wont to happen in great Bellied Women.

Article, V. Of a Dysury.

A Dysury is a making of burning Ʋrin, somtimes little, somtimes much, with pain, without interruption, arising from Causes both external and internal, affecting the Ʋri∣nary passage.

The SIGNS are evident, for the pain is easily perceived by the Patient.

The CAUSES are whatsoever can dissolve the continuity of the Neck of the Bladder, or of the urinary Passage, or Cause pain in pis∣sing.

The CURE is Difficult if it fal upon Decreped Old men, if a suppression of the Urin happen with it. It respects. 1. The Cause, which must be moved by the aforementioned emptyers, which ought to be followed with essence of Turpentine, one dram; with Par∣sley water, and Syrup of Citrons. 2. The Pain, which is mitigated with warm Milk cast in by a Catheter, by dipping the privities in a Vessel ful of Milk, by a Cataplasme of Pellitory of the Wal with Oyl of Scorpions, &c.

The Causes raising the pain do afford us the Differences.

One is from things external, as Cantharides, and then milk is good; from Poyson, and then we must act with things alexi∣pharmacal.

Another from internal which, are,

• 1. The Acrimony of the urin, of which formerly. The water of bean flowers or its fresh Cods given with Syrup of Liquorish or Poppies, six oun∣ces weight before meat is good. Also Fal∣lopius his Electuary, in Schenkius in Exoter. Experim. Gent. 4.19.
• 2. An Inflamation, whose pain is encreased the bladder being con∣tracted to send forth the Urin, and compressed after the emission, which oftentimes an exul∣ceration follows.
• 3. A Stone striking against the Neck of the Bladder in pissing.
• 4. The Seed moved in men bu••sticking in the Passage, and by an Acrimony contracted corroding the Passage, which is wont to happen in the French Pox.
• 5. A white and milkie matter, which somtimes is sent forth in such abundance, that when 'tis setteld it fils one half of the Chamber Pot.

The which ariseth from a Vitious Con∣••••ction, in which the Salt and Tartarous parts are not separated, but are attracted by the Kidneys. It is Cured, universals premised, by the use of Hyppocrist or Mallago Wine.

Article, VI. Of Pissing of blood, mat∣ter, and Hairs.

Bloody Pissing, is a voiding of Blood to∣gether with the Ʋrin arising from the heaping up of the same in the Bldder.

The SIGNS are, that the Urin doth not shine, and hath the Color of Water, in which the flesh of beasts new killed is washt.

The CAUSE is explained in the definiti∣on, and in the Difference more shal be said.

The CURE must be hastned, if the evil be inveterate, least it lead to a Consumption or cachexy. If it be cast forth in abundance, least it stop in the Bladder and putrefie. It must be turned against the Cause. The Symptoms requires, other things being alike, things astringent, condensing, and consolidating; amongst which do excel, Yarrow with the white flower, the Tincture of emralds, the Arcanum of agrimony and Cinquefoil. Myn∣sichtus his Decoction, &c.

The Difference is taken from the Parts that pour forth the blood.

One is from The Kidneys, which is known by this, that it is plentiful, is exquisitely mixt with the whol Urin, that being as it were dilu∣ted with it, 'tis thin, ruddy, liquid and ser∣tles without clotting together. It ariseth either from the Anastomosis of some Vessel in them, and then 'tis made plentiful and high colored; or some violence or wound hath went before, or there are signs of Fulness, or the blood is too thin. Or from the corrosion of a Vessel, and then the blood is voided in a lesser quantity, especially at the beginning. Or By a Diape∣desis, and then the Urin is lightly dyed with a red color. The Cure also requires opening a Vein in the Arm, which must be followed with the use of astringent means inwardly and out∣wardly. The Trochisks of Gordonius are good.

Another is from the Liver either weakned, or opprest with blood, or affected with the same diseases as I said even now; and then there are no signs of the Kidneys affected; we must consult with the Chapter of the diseases of the Liver. Hither belong the suppression of the Hemorrhoids, of which in its place; a wound

of the ureters from stones passing through them, from which very little blood flows forth, &c.

Another from the Sphincter muscle of the neck of the bladder, and then the Urin is not equally spred over with it, the blood setling goes into clots, the pain for the most part oppresseth in pissing, and burns as it were the Root of the Yard, other signs either of an Ulcer, or of a Vein broke are present, the Cure is the same.

Another from the inward Passage of the Yard, and then it oftentimes comes forth with∣out the Urin; that which comes with the Urin, clotting together presently sinks.

II. Purulent Pissing, is a voiding of mat∣ter with the Ʋrin heaped up in the Bladder. 'Tis heaped up.

• 1. By default of the bladder it self, either because that is troubled with an Ulcer, or because the blood conteined in the bladder is turned into matter, and then the mat∣ter is voided less mixt with the Urin with bran∣ny Scales.
• 2. By Default of the ureters, and then a little swims a top like Hairs. By default of the Ʋrinary Passage, of the Spermatick Vessels, and the parastatae, and then in the first place it comes forth sincere.
• 4. By default of the Kidneys, Liver, breast, in as much as those parts do transmit matter through the Veins to the Bladder; and then the matter is accurately mixt with the Urin, if any thing thicker be a Part, it flows forth towards the end.

III. A Pissing of Hairs or Trichiasis, is when with the Ʋrin a mucous matter is voided somtimes like to Hairs, somtimes to thin Leaves. Those Hairs somtimes equal the length of one or two hands breadths. The Cause of them is a thick and viscous flegm, dry∣ed and knit together in the Veins by heat, which in its long passage through the narrow Veins of the Kidneys and ureters is extended to so great a length. See concerning this Hor∣stius his fifth Section. Epistol. medica. In the Cure, Spirits of Turpentine with Syrup of Marsh-mallows is good.

[Read more of this subject in the Guide to Physick and Chyrurgery, Riverius Practice of Physick, and his Observations; and the London Dispensatory. Al of the last Editions, Englished by me.]

Title, X. Of the Af∣fects of the Genital Parts in Men.

Chap. 1. Of their Diseases.

Article, I. Of the Diseases of the Stones.

THe Diseases of the genital Parts in men have under them the Diseases of the stones, Cods, and Yard. The principal Diseases of the Stones, are which follow.

I. A Distemper, and that either hot, which is known by a proneness to Venery, by too much and hot Seed, by heat of the stones, by swelling of the Veins about them with blood. 'Tis Cured by a contrary Diet, and cooling Medicines, of Littice, Water Lillies, Pur∣slane, but especially by those compounded of Sugar of Saturn, and sallow Leaves. Or Cold, which is known by little and Watry seed, by casting it forth with little or no Pleasure, little desire to Venery, cooling Causes went before, or immoderate and unseasonable Ve∣nery. 'Tis Cured by a contrary Diet, and taking of medicines, inwardly, Betony, Ca∣lamint, Marjoram, Sage, Nettles, Nut∣megs, Diamoschum. Outwardly, Oyl of Costus, Spike, of Aunts. Or moist, which is known by this, that the Seed is cast forth too soon. Or dry, which yeilds little and thick. They are Cured by their contraries.

II. A Tumor, which either is an Inflamati∣on, in whose Cure (for of the rest I have no∣thing to say) observe.

• I. That whiles Me∣dicines are applied to them, the ligature ought alwaies to tend towards the upper parts, that they may not hang down too much, and the de∣fluxion may be less.
• 2. To intercept the flux, a defensive must be laid on the side of the Pubes, where the Veins and Arteries from the belly tend to the stones and Cod.
• 3. Other things being a like, the Decoction of Agrimony with Wine and Vinegar is commended. The Root of wild Cowcumber likewise boyled. The Herb Paris green, bruised and applied, &c. A Schirrus or another cold and hard Tumor,

• which oftentimes ariseth from an Inflamation ill Cured. 'Tis taken away with a Cata∣plasme, of Littice Roots boyled in sweet wine with the flowr of Flax, Barley, Faenugreek, Onyons, &c. Which must be followed with a Liniment of the Balsom of Sulphur, and the Plaister Diasulfuris. Or an inflation, for the Cure of which serve the Leaves of Henbane and a drauft of Juniper water, one ounce weight every day with the Rowls of Diacyminum.

III. Ʋlcers, which because they are in a moist place are dangerous, and somtimes turn to a Cancer or Gangreen. They ought to be washt with the decoction of Roses, Leaves of Speedwel, and Plantan; they may be mundefied with the Oyntment of the Apo∣stles.

IV. A Con••usion, which is joyned with a great pain, it corrupts their Oval Figure, and oftentimes takes away the power of genera∣tion. We must timely oppose the pain, least a Defluxion be Caused.

Article, II. Of the Diseases of the Cod.

The Diseases of the Cod are, Inflamation, Excoriation, Wounds, Ʋlcers, and Rupture. Of them there is no need to say any thing. An Excoriation is often Caused by the Urin, the upper Skin being corroded, and 'tis Cured by sprinkling of Pompholyx, or dryed Myrtle finely poudered, searced, and mixt with Frank∣incense or Myrrh.

A Rupture of the Cod is a Tumor of the same, arising either from the cause falling down into it, or from wind or water collected there, or a masse of Flesh generated there.

The Species of it are four, if you consider the Differences.

I. One is windy, or a Pneumatocele, which is known from hence, that the Cod, somtimes also the stones is very much distended without a weight & heaviness; the wind is felt if the Cod be prest with the hands, and is removed from place to place w^th a noise. It ariseth from winds, which are either collected there, or transmit∣ted from the neighbouring Guts and Belly: and 'tis most familiar with Children. 'Tis Cured (premising universals) by things discussing out∣wardly and inwardly applied. A Cataplasm of Bay-berries, the flower of Beans and Fenu∣greek, with Bran, the pouder of Cummin seed, ammoniacum, turpentine, oxymel, and oyl of bays mixt together is good.

II. Another is watry, or a hydrocele, which is known because there is perceived a waving, the cod appeares as it were shining; the tumor alwaies continues at the same bigness, neither doth it go up into the belly by pressing it. It a∣riseth from water, which for the most part flows thither from the belly, for those causes which are mentioned in the dropsy. It is cured,

• 1. By prohibition that the watery humor be not generated, or flow thither, of which see the differences.
• 2. By emptying the water fal∣len thither either insensibly, to which end the former cataplasme wil serve; or sensibly by opening of the cod, of which see Authors. 'Tis divided diversly,
  • 1. One is from water only distending the cod, another also from wind joined with it, in whose cure we must have re∣gard to both: another from flesh growing toge∣ther about the stone, whose cure must be warily handled that it turne not to a cancer.
  • 2. One is with a dropsy, and then the cure must be directed against the dropsy; Another without a Dropsy, in which although there is not such great plenty of water, that it can raise up the belly into a tumor, that there is somwhat of it collected in the cavity of the belly, by reason of the weakness of the parts, especially an external cause being added, as striking &c. The tumor either possesses the whol cod, or only one side; and then the hu∣mor sticks in the erythroidal membrane that conteines the stone. The right stone never, alwaies the left swels. Or the fault is in the left kidny, through which when the serum can∣not descend, it fals through the seminal veine proceeding from the emulgent of the left kidny, into the erythroidal coate; from the cure of which we must either abstaine, or the cod must be opened only in the lower part. Or it is not, and then the cod must be cut in the upper part neer the groin, that both the humor may be emptyed, and the afflux of more through the skar of the erythroidal coate be hindred. See Frabricius his observations.
  • 3. One is when the water is conteined between the erythroidal coat, and the darton, in which the tumor is rounder, like an egge, the stone is hidden from the sight and touch, the cod it self is more white and is distended little or nothing: another is, when 'tis out of that betwixt it and the adja∣cent skins, in which the stone is to be felt, the cod is more distended.

Another when 'tis in its proper skin or coate growing over it, in which the tumor is every where globical, resem∣bles

the draft of another stone.

III. Another is a fleshy rupture or a Sarco∣cele, in which somthing fleshy is bred: It is known by a hard tumor, increased by little and little, afflicting without a tumor of the groine, by which it is distinguished from a rup∣ture of the guts; 'tis for the most part in the right stone because nature doth most comodi∣ously cast off the blood to the stones by the se∣minal veine issuing from the cava. It ariseth from an impurer blood flowing to the testicles and cod, by degrees dropping from the mem∣branes of the vessels, and changed by nature that is never idle, into a substance like unto flesh. 'Tis cured, 1. By repression with re∣pellers and dryers, the pouder of the root of Rest-harrow is commended, 2. By cutting, of which see Authors. 'Tis divided into a scirrous one, in which there is neither pain nor heat; and a malignant one, in which there is felt a prick∣ing pain.

IV. Another is various, or a Cirsocele, in which the vessels nourishing the stones are di∣lated like to varices. 'Tis known by this, that the veins are sweld, and wreathed and rounded like shootes of vines, the tumor is oblique and rowled up like a grape; spring and autum, the the guts being distended with wind, or the feet cooled, a pain accompanies it. It ariseth from a thick melancholy humor poured into the vessels. 'Tis hardly cured, things drying, and hanging the stones in a truss are good. Cut∣ting can scarce be used without hutting of the stone.

Article, 3. Of the diseases of the Yard.

The diseases of the yard are various.

I. A distortion, which befalls those, who indulge too much to venery, and have their ge∣nitals along while distended; for then the spi∣rit concluded in the ligaments, acting violence upon some part of another ligament doth relax it, and makes it bunch forth like a beane or glandule, by which means it comes to pass, that how much is added to the accustomary latitude of the part, so much is bated of its longitude: 'Tis cured by abstinence from venery, and by those things which serve for the cure of a rup∣ture. See Arantius.

II. Inflation and inflamation, of which, that doth somtimes arise from lying with a woman whose womb is uncleane, and repleat with sharp humors; we meet with nothing singular concerning them.

III. Warts and excrescencies, which either are upon the top of the nut, which degenerate into a canorous Sponginess, or they bunch out about the flesh of the nut and under the fore∣skin it self, and they are soft, spongy, alwaies moist, smel il, and are dayly increased, and are familiar with them that are troubled with the French Pox. They require Chirurgery.

IV. Ʋlcers, which are divers,

• 1. Some are external, which are apparent to the sight, yet somtimes when they are about the nut and foreskin, they cannot be seen by reason of the swelling of the part. If the region of the nut be exulcerated, all medicines ought to be drying. Others internal, sticking in the urina∣ry passage, which are known by the pain cau∣sed by the urine passing by, and the matter coming forth before the urine, the yard swelled and distended. They arise either from an im∣postumation following an inflamation, or from sharp urine, or from rough stones, and rough things hurting in their passage. They are cured as others be.
• 2. Some penetrate that both external and internal parts be exulcerated, and the ulcer pierceth even to the urinary passage. Others not so.
• 3. Some are old, sordid and rotten, which are wel washt with hydromel and wine. Others are virulent, as those that hap∣pen in the French Pox, in which we must use precipitate mixt with a convenient linement, til that which is callous be wasted away. If a gangrene or mortification follow, it must be cut.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptoms of the genital parts in men.

Article, 5. Of the generation of seed hurt, and the erection of the yard.

THe symptomes of the genital parts in men are, the generation of seed hurt, the e∣rection of the yard hurt, Lechery, a Priapisme, a Satyryiasis, and the runing of the Reins.

The generation of seed hurt is, when either it is not generated, or not such as may serve for procreation. 'Tis twofold; there∣fore one is when the seed is not gene∣ted, which comes to pass either by defect of mat∣ter, or by the things ••on natural, as hunger, watchings, or by things preternatural drying up and wasting it, especially the diseases of the heart, or by reason of the attraction of the same by other parts, which comes to pass both in children, and fat foll••, in whom al the nourish∣ment is changed into the substance of the body.

Or by reason of a fault of the faculty of the ge∣nital Parts, whether it be innate, or acqui∣red, as a defect of the Vessels generating or carrying the Seed, bewitchings, inchantments, &c. Another is when 'tis not generated fruit∣ful, which comes to pass, either by reason the matter is not commodious, too hot, moist, or dry. Or by reason of a cold distemper of the genital Parts, which somtimes is contracted by too much lust in youth, by applying mercurial Oyntments to the genitals, &c. There is no need of Signs. The cure must be directed a∣gainst the Causes. But the Seed is increased by the greater Root of Dogs stones, cubebs, the Yelk of a new laid Eg with Wine and a lit∣tle Oyl of sweet Almonds. Crollius his essence of Satyrion, Mynsichtu, his Confectio Mag∣nanimitatis, and de Succulata Inda.

II. The erection of the Yard hurt, or a viril impotency is, when that by no endeavors can be erected, or extended.

There is no need to treat of the Signs. The Causes and Cure, are expounded in the Dif∣ferences.

The Differences are taken from the Cau∣ses.

For there is one viril impotency from the defect of Seed, either because it is not, or be∣cause it is but little, or crude, and doth not sti∣mulate, of which we have spoke former∣ly.

Another is from the defect of vital spirits, either because they are few by reason of the coldness and dryness of the heart, or because they are called another way, which happens in medications, fear, bashfulness, &c. Or be∣cause they are not received by the substance of the Yard, either by reason of a stupidity of the Member, or by inchantments.

Another is from a resolution of the Yard, effected by those Causes, which we mention∣ed in a Palsie. See Medicines serving for this Disease in Stockerus, l. 1. c. 55. Where he makes mention of Satyrion, five ounces; which ought to be mixt with the blood of Sparrows, ten ounces, and be held under the Arms. Some say that lust is wonderfully pro∣voked, if the great Toe of the right Foot be anoynted with Oyl in which Cantharides have been dissolved. And also a simple washing of the Priv••ties with the Decoction of Colum∣bines, which must be followed with a Fumiga∣tion of a dead mans Tooth poudered, and cast upon the coales.

Article, II. Of Lechery, a Priapisme, and Satyriasis.

Lechery is too great a proneness to Venery by default of the Seed, somtimes also so great, that 'tis turned into madness. The fault of the Seed consists,

• 1. In the plenty of it, either from the abundance of blood, or from the heat of the Vessels dedicated to the generation of Seed, by whose means more is attracted. In the Cure, we must act with things that con∣sume the Seed, amongst which Mint and Sugar of Saturn excel. But a Vein must be opened also, and the Patient Purged.
• 2. In its A∣crimony, contracted from hot meats, Medi∣cines and sharp things, which must be opposed.
• 3. In its Commotion, whiles seeking a Pas∣sage, it causeth an itching.

II. A Priapisme is an erection of the Yard without any desire of Venery, arising from a windy Spirit filling up the hollow Nerve of the part. That Vaporous spirits ariseth ei∣ther in the Nerve it self from a cold distemper, or in the Yard and Vessels from a thick and crude Humor by an unproportionate heat, and here the distilled Oyl of Rue takes place. For the most part 'tis by Reason of the mouths of the Arteries are too open and dilated, pouring forth plenty of Spirits, because per∣haps the Loyns and Kidneys being heated they grow hot, and are filled with much spirits, which happens to those that abound with much blood. In the Cure, universals premi∣sed, Water Lillies, the Seed of the Chaiste Tree, and other coolers ought to be ap∣plied.

A Satyriasis is a Palpitation of the Yard following an inflamatory disposition of the spermatick Vessels with a distension. It hap∣pens rather to young men, than to other Ages; the Cure must be hastened least they fal into a resoultion or Convulsion of the Seminary Vessels. We must have a Care of Purges in it, unless Perhaps we can make an aversion by Vomits: and from things that move Urin.

Article, III. Of a running of the Reins.

A Gonorrhea is a too great and involunta∣ry shedding of the Seed, arising from its own fault and the fault of the Spermatick parts.

The SIGNS are evident, the seed is shed a gainst their wils, without lust and dreams of lust, without any stifness of the Yard, with no sense of delight, or very little, from whence is caused a slenderness of the whol Body, about the Loyns especially, with a paleness and hol∣lowness of the Eyes.

The CAUSE and CURE shal be ex∣plained in the Differences. The Flux is stopt by the magistral of the bone of the fish Sepia, given from six grains to half a scruple with old conserve of Roses. By fixt Antimony with Plantan Water.

The Difference is taken from the Cau∣ses.

One is by default of the Spermatick Parts.

• 1. Of a cold and moist distemper, which either ariseth from external Causes endewed with such a vertue, and weakens their retentive fa∣culty, as too much Venery, or from an afflux of Humors, in which Case emptying and binding with heaters mixt takes place. It is the easier Cured, so it be new, the pouder of Turpen∣tine, given with milk for fifteen daies does good.
• 2. by default of their Laxness when their Bladders conteining the seed, and the Vessels that carry it, are too much enlarged and Relaxt.

Another is by the fault of the Seed it self, which is,

• 1. Plentiful, by forbearing from Venery, and by using meats that nourish wel, and then bleeding, Fasting, exercises do good.
• 2. Sharp and hot stimulating the expulsive faculty, which proceeds from the like blood, by reason of the heat of the liver and Kidneys; and then a priapism for the most part is joyned with it, external Causes went before. The Cure must be ordered, by emptying of Choler, by anointing the back bone, and Loyns with cooling Oyntments.
• 3. Crude, watrish, and thin, and that either by reason of the coldness of the stones, or of things taken, or the like distemper of the Liver, and then the Seed comes froth even at the touch of a Woman, there are present the signs of crudity. In the Cure we must act with driers and strengthners. The essence of Turpentine is commended given one dram weight in Sy∣rup of Agrimony. Or by reason of the abun∣dance of Vitious Humors in the body, which are sent to the spermatick Vessels, and then we must act with emptiers and good Diet.
• 4. Virulent and Malignant, as is concracted in the French Pox, which is known from hence, that at first a white Poyson or somwhat Yellowish fals from the spermatick Vessels insensibly, as wel when they wake as sleep, which in time putrefies and gets an Acrimony, eats and exulcerates the Passage of the Yard, from whence ariseth a pain, which also when 'tis stiff does stretch a string as it were under the Yard, and in pissing does goad sharper as it were in a dysury; that is somtimes hollow∣ed so deep, that it breaks outwardly at the up∣per Skin of the Yard.

It ariseth from a weak∣ness of the Spermatick Vessels and stones, con∣tracted by that poysonous Evil, which causeth that whatsoever is collected in these Vessels, turns to a filthy Poyson, which by contagion Pollutes any other body. As concerning the Cure 'tis difficult in old Men, in al, if it be stopt without reason. For there is collected for the most part an impostumation within, somtimes about the stones in the Epididymis, somtimes in the Perinaeum, which the Skin breaking pours forth the matter. We must abstain from things astringent, least it being retained doth corrode the Parts. Dryers and things that resist Putrefaction, as are, Sorrel, Treacle, Mithridate, and those things which are dedicated to the French Pox, do good.

Titile, XI. Of the Dis∣eases of the genital parts in Women.

Chap. 1. Of the Diseases of the Neck of the womb.

Article, 1. Of a Tentigo and Cauda.

THe Diseases of the Womb are either of the Privities or Neck of the Womb, or of the womb it self. To those belong, Tentigo, Cauda, Straitness, pustles, condylomato, Hemor∣rboids, and Ʋlcers.

I. A Tentigo or great bit, and the womans Prick, is the growing of the Clitoris into too great a bulk.

The Subject is the Clitoris, or that Nervous flesh, hard, which in the Neck of the Womb the Joynt wings of the Privities do embrace, and at the Top of which, that is, the which

swels in desires of Venery.

This manifest affect needs no SIGNS; somtimes the bulk is so great, that it hangs forth through the cleft of the Privity as thick as a goose Neck, and resem∣bles a mans Yard, they have too great desire of Copulation.

The CAUSE is too great an Afflux either of an Humor, or nourishment, by reason of its Laxness which is induced by often touching, and 'tis wont to cause lust at the least rubbing of the Cloathes.

The CURE respects. 1. The abatement of blood, and the bringing forth of other Hu∣mors, for which ends serve a most slender and cooling Diet, and discussives, especially the leaves of the lentisk and Olive. 2. The tak∣ing away of the same Excrescency, where first must be applyed the gentler causticks, As Alum, Ʋnguentum Aegyptiacum, the lie of which Soap is wont to be made boyled with Roman Vitriol, adding towards the end a lit∣tle Opium, and make Trochiskes of them, with which pouder the flesh must be strowed over; at last the flesh must be cut off, either by Ligature, or Section, having a care of an In∣flamation.

II. A Cauda is a certain fleshy substance arising from the Mouth of the Womb, which fils up the womens Privity, and somtimes hangs forth like a Taile.

The SIGNS and CAUSES are the same, as in a Tentigo, only that Women fear Copulation. The CURE is also the same if it must be cut off, it must be done either with a Horse Hair, or a silken thred dipt in sublimate water, or by Iron.

Article, II. Of the straitness of the Neck of the womb.

The straitness of the Neck of the womb, is either a stopping of the same, or of the Orifice of the womb, either by compression, or a grow∣ing together.

The SIGNS are, the Flux of the Courses denied, in them in whom they were wont to flow through the Neck, a sense of pain with a weight.

The CAUSE is either natural, when it affects from the birth, or accidental, of which in the Differences.

The CURE varies according to the Na∣ture of the Differences.

The Differences are taken from the Part, and the Causes.

I. One is of the outward Orifice, which is called of the Pudendum, in which the Courses, which flow both by the neck and by the womb, are disappointed, there can be neither Copula∣tion nor Conception, because neither the seed nor the man is received.

Another of the inward, which is called the Orifice of the Womb, in which the seed recei∣ved presently flows forth again, conception can in on wise be.

II. One is by way of Compression, which is Caused,

• 1. By a Fat Caule lying on the mouth of the womb.
• 2. By a stradling of the Thighs.
• 3. By a stone in the bladder.
• 4. By a Tumor in the right Gut, of which in their place.

Another is by way of growing, which is cau∣sed.

• 1. Either from the birth, and then either flesh stops it, which is red to sight, soft to touch; or a Membrane, which is white to sight, hard to the touch. In the Cure.
  • 1. The Part being moistned with warm Fomentations, it must be cut streight up taking Care that the Neck of the Bladder be not hurt.
  • 2. The humor must be drawn forth, and a ten••must be applyed dipt in a suppurating Medicine.
  • 3. And astringent pouder must be had in readi∣ness for fear of a Flux of blood.
  • 4. The fol∣lowing daies the place must be washt with ho∣ney & water, and we must act with things that Cicatrize.
• 2. Or after the birth, cheifly from an Ʋlcer, and then, either the sides of the Neck are grown together, in which case we must use incision but very warily; or there is a Callous substance which first must be cut off with a Pen Knife, or a Spongy and Luxuriant flesh, in which first of al we must use dryers and discussives as brithwort, Frankincense, Myrrh, Mastick; afterwards we must apply corrosives without pain, at last we must cut it.

Article, III. Of the pustles, Condylo∣mata, and Hemorrhoids of the womb.

Pustles of the womb are, little bunchings arising in the neck of the womb, which by their Acrimony do Cause itching and pain.

The SIGNS are, Itching, Pain, a fol∣ling down of Scales like flower, to which we must add a Speculum Matricis, that the af∣fect may be the better discovered.

The Cause is cholerick, sharp, adust, and thick humors, which emptied into moist and loose places do insinuate and immerse them∣selves in them.

The CURE respects the causes, universals being premised, where amongst preparatives prevaile syrup of Fumitory, of succory with the decoction of hops; topicks discussing and mitigating the humor, especially baths and halfe baths, which must be followed with washing the part with wine and niter. But these must be often repeated.

They are divided into benigne and malligne or venereal, which are stuborn and contagious, they ought to be washt with the water made of aloes the quantity of one vetch, flower of brass the quantity of half a vetch flower of brass the quantity of half a vetch pouder'd and mixt with white wine one ounce; plantane wa∣ter, and of rose heads each one ounce, and kept in a wide mouthed glass.

II. Condylomata, are swellings of wrinkles in the necke of the womb with heate and paine.

There is no need of Signes because they ap∣peare to the eyes, oftentimes if there be many they resemble a smal bunch of grapes. The wrinkles hang forth like knobbs, which ap∣pear in the fist clutched. But they swel more when the courses flow.

The CAUSE is Thick and Adust hu∣mors.

The Cure in general respects the taking a∣way of the causes and repercussion and dry∣ing.

As concerning the Differences.

Some are with an inflamation, in which the pain and heat is greater, the condylona is hard. In the Cure we must act with anodyne half baths, and perfusions.

Others without an inflamation, which if they be new we must repel and dry; if cold and inveterate, we must first mollefie; then dis∣gest and dry. Here take place the pouder of egg-shels burnt, the oyntment of trochisks of steele one dram redeuced into pouder, and mixt with oyl of roses and wax, adding halfe an ounce of the juice of mulein. The oynt∣ment of the mad apple, concerning which see a Castro, l. 2. c. 25. de Morb. Mulier. If the condiloma yeild not to these medecines it must be cut off by an instrument and astringent pouder strewed on.

III. The hemrods of the wombe, are smal swellings like unto the hemrods of the anus, raised in the necke of the wombe, by an afflux of Feculent Blood.

The Subject is the neck of the womb, for there they are, where the veins doe end, as in the hemrods of the anus: and these are lift up by an afflux.

The Signs are manifest; for they are dis∣covered by the sight, if a speculum matricis be applied, the women looke pale, and are trou∣bled with a weariness.

The Cause is Feculent blood, which when sometimes it flows to these veins not at its due time there stopping it becomes thicker, that it cannot penetrate the orifices.

The Cure is order'd.

• 1. By revulsion by opening a vein in the arme.
• 2. By derivation by opening another in the ankle.

They are divided twofould.

I. Some are painful, which by the paine it selfe are distinguisht from the courses, and are cured by things that mitigate the same, especi∣ally half baths, and the Cataplasme of a Castro l. 2. c. 26. de Morb. Mulier. And also with opium, which notwithstanding is safer in the hemrods of the anus. Other, without pains to which, what is, and shal be said ought to be applied.

II. Some are open, which flow either mode∣rately, and then the business ought to be comit∣ted to nature. Or too much, so that the strength is dejected, and there is feare least an evil ha∣bit of body be induced, and then for revulsion blood must be taken from a vein of the arme at several times. For purging, myrobalanes, tamarinds, and rhubarb serve. At last we must act with things that stop blood.

Others are blind, from which no blood at al flowes forth. The Cure is perfected, by emptying of blood, by emollition and fomen∣tation of the part, with mollefiers and things opening the mouthes of the veins, and discus∣sing the matter. By artificially opening the same, concerning which things see the chapter of the hemrods of the anus.

Article. IV. Of the ulcers of the neck of the wombe.

There is no need to define what the ulcers of the neck of the womb are.

Their Signs are, a pain and perpetual bi∣ting in the same place, which by little is in∣creased, especially if any thing abstersive be cast in; a flowing forth of sanious humors and matter by intervals, somtimes with blood, if the ulcer be great, or the courses flow. A pissing often and hot, if the otifice of the blad∣der be drawn into consent; a paine in the fore∣part

of the head extending it selfe to the roots of the eyes, if the head. A smal seaver which in process of time growes slowe, with often horrors, &c.

The CAUSES are al external and internal things, which by their acrimony can dissolve the continuity in that part, of which in the differ∣ences.

The CURE is difficult because it is in a place of exquisite sence, moist, and which hath a consent with many parts. 'Tis Ordered the same manner was spoke in general in the first book. To inhibit the paine, Steeled milk cast in doth good. For drying, baths.

The Differences are various.

I. Some are from external causes, as medi∣cines, hard labor, violent copulation. And o∣thers from internal, as are the secundine corrup∣ted, the flux of blood retained, the flux of the womb, a virulent gonorrhaea, the french pox, Inflamation. Humors flowing thither, either from the whole, or a part, or generated there; al which must be attended in the cure.

II. Some are superficial, from which little matter flows, and medicins may be layed upon them. O∣thers profound, which are in a contrary way, and the medicines ought to be injected.

III. Some are Milde with little matter, thick, not stinking, in which both the gentler abstersives, as honey of roses with barly water, whey with sugar or the decoction of lentils, and the more benigne astringents take place. Others sordid with plenty of matter, and flow∣ing forth with paine, in which we must act with stronger things. The mundifyer of smal∣lage in Castro l. 2. c. 29. is here commended. Others are eating with a colored matter, green livid, stinking, flowing forth with paine, in which aloes and wormwood amongst mun∣difers are the cheife.

IV. Some are called Phagades, which are smal and longe ulcers, eating the skin of the necke of the womb. They are known both by the paine and blood caused in copulation; and by sight, if the neck be looked into; and they are like unto them, which in winter time are wont to rise in our hands. They arise many waies.

• 1. Externally, from a painful labour, violent copulation, and then we must use an astringent glyster.
• 2. Internally from an in∣flamation, condylomata, an afflux of sharpe humors, which must first be taken away by purgers, before we come to topick medicines. There is commended for them, the fatt which distils from wooden spoones used to boyl in kitchins; if they be a little moved to the fire and burnt; and also the oyntment pomada.

Others which leave behinde them a Fystula, which is voide of paine, unless it come to a ner∣vous part, sometimes it passes to the bladder and right gut, and the excrements are cast forth through it. If it be ancient it ought to be left to a palliative cure; in which at fit seasons the body is purged, but the callus which is alwaies joyn'd with it, if that be curable, after drying of the part, being molefied by vulnerary poti∣ons, must be wasted, either by cutting or burning.

Of a cancer and gangrene, I meet with no∣thing singular. That is generated by menstru∣ous blood adust, and when scirrous tumors continue long. This in this place, ariseth from an inflamation, cancer, and ulcers there il cu∣red. For while these parts are moist and a∣bound with excrements, they are easily corup∣ted and perish.

Chap. 2. Of the diseases of the womb.

Article, 1. Of the distemper of the womb.

The diseases of the womb are, distemper, straitness of the vessels, inflation, inflamati∣tion, a scirrhus, dropsy, falling down of the womb, wounds and ulcers.

The distemper of the womb is a swarving of the same from its natural temper, to a preter∣natural distemper, arising from external and internal causes.

'Tis divided twofold.

I. One is hot, which is known by a proness to venery, by the scarceness, yellowness, black∣ness, adustion, acrimony of the courses, and by their difficult and inordinate flux; whence in process of yeares they become hypochondri∣acal, by the early growing of hair in the pri∣vities, redness of the face and dryness of lips, often pains of the head, and abundance of cho∣lerick humors in the body. It ariseth either from the birth, from whence are viragos, and barrenness: or after the birth from external causes, amongst which are the use of hot thing, too much venery, medicines which do move the heat and blood to the womb. 'Tis cured,

• 1. By the contrary diet.
• 2. By cooling medi∣cines, both internal and external, which are applyed to the loins and back, but they must be moderate, least the heat necessary for con∣ception

• be weakned, the cold substance of the womb because it is membranous, be violated; the vessels which ought to be open for flux of the courses, be condensed; and the nerves which are in the loins and back, be hurt.
• 3. By emptiers, viz. Rhubarb, syrup of roses solu∣tive, manna &c. The flowers of Vitriol of Venus & Mars, from three grains to six grains; given in some syrup is an appropriate purger for the womb.

Another is cold, more frequent than the hot, which is known from a less desire to venery, and the little pleasure in it, by the stopping, mucosity, flegmatickness of the courses, and their inordinate flux by reason of the plenty of the like humors collected in the womb; from whence is obstruction; by the plenty of wind in the womb, by the crudity and watrishness of the seed, from whence it flows without any pleasure; by the pale color of the face, and other things opposite to the former. It ariseth also from causes contrary to them, 'Tis cured,

• 1. By a contrary dyet,
• 2. By hot medicines applyed to the womb, amongst which do excel inwardly, the Roots of Birthwort, avens, an∣gelica, eringoes; the Leaves of Mercury, balme, dittander of Candy. pennyroyal, Sage, Rose∣mary, mugwort. The Flowers of wal Flow∣er, Marigold, Sage, Rosemary, burrage. Spices, Nutmeggs, Cubebs, Saffron, Cinna∣mon. Of Compounds, Oyl of Mace, Amber, Myrrh, Cinnamon, Fecula bryone, Aqua vitae Mulierum.

The extract of Zedoary. Outwardly; the same things reduced into their formes.

Another is moist, which for the most part is joined with a cold. It is known by the plenty, thinness and watrishness of the courses, the moisture of the privities by reason of the humidity of the excrements, and the passion of the Flux of the womb, even when the seed is voided, no delight in venery, and an aptness to miscarry when the young one grows bigg. It ariseth from the same causes as yet which is cold, and happens to them cheifly who lead an idle and sedentary life. 'Tis cured as the former, yet observe, that the fume of the shaving of Ivory and Sage boyled in wine and water conveighed through a pipe be∣fore supper, is commended. Sulphurous baths beare the palme away in outward things; we must have a care of astringent means, least they detain the excrementitious humors.

Another is dry, which is known by the scarceness of the seed and courses, slowness to venery, dryness of the mouth of the womb, the color of the lower lip a blackish red, with continual clefts; It ariseth somtimes from the very birth, whence the patient hath a dry temper, and slender constitution of body. Somtimes by reason of age, whence they cease to breed. Somtimes from diseases themselves, viz. an inflamation &c. somtimes from defect of blood which ought to moisten it, either be∣cause 'tis not emptyed by it, by reason of the straitness and obstruction of the veins, or because being emptyed through the neck, it comes not to the bottom. 'Tis cured,

• 1. By a contrary dyet, in which too much labor, wat∣chings, fasting, sadness are very much to be eschewed.
• 2. By the use of moistners; amongst which do excel, burrage, bugloss, mercury, Marsh-mallows, violets; amongst externals, baths of sweet water, and anointings with oyl of sweet almonds, white lillies, hens grease, the marrow of calves leggs &c. The cure is diffi∣cult if the dryness be of long continuance and hectical.

II. One is simple, to which belongs what hath been said before.

Another compound, most commonly cold and moist, which is known by the former things compared amongst themselves. It ari∣seth from flegmatick humors, whether derived from the whol, or produced by the whol. It is cured.

• 1. By preparation of the matter by hot hysterical means.
• 2. By emptying, and that universal of the whol body by things that purge flegme. By particular of the womb it self; of which we must have the greatest care, if no∣thing proceed neither from the whol, nor the parts. And here pessaries do much; also sul∣phurous and drying baths by sweaters which are here very much commended: viz. with the decoction of Guajacum, china, sarsapa∣rilla; lentisk wood &c.
• 3. By a contrary dyet.

Article, 2. Of the straitness of the vessels of the womb.

The straitness of the vessels of the womb, is an interception of the same from its causes.

The signs are both a retention of the courses that they cannot flow, and an hindrance of conception, by reason the falling down of blood is intercepted.

The cause and cure shal be expounded in the differences.

'Tis divided twofold.

I. One is from external causes, as medicines and astringent baths, which is known by the relation of the sick. 'Tis easily cured, and we

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must act with moistne••s and mollefyers.

Another from internal, of which in the fol∣lowing difference.

II. One is from a Skarre, flesh, or mem∣brane growing on the orifices of the vessels; or from a growing together of the mouths of the veins after a violent drawing forth of the secundine, which is almost incurable, yet some tryal may be made with things mollefying.

Another from obstruction, which thick, vis∣cous, and plenty of humors do cause, whether they flow thither from the rest of the body, the heat not being able to attenuate them; or be heaped up in the womb it self by reason of the weakness of heat in that. It is known by this, that there are present the signs of a cold distemper, a moisture like snivel somtimes flows forth from the womb. It is cured as o∣ther obstructions. Revulsion hath its place, if the matter flow thither. Amongst openers of obstructions are commended sharp and bitter medicines, that move the courses, steeled wine, baths corrected with mollefyers and openers.

Another from compression, which is caused either by a tumor and scirrus, consisting in the womb or without it, and then the signs of a tumor are present. The evil is almost incura∣ble, or by the too much fatt of the neighbor∣ing parts; and then that is wholy manifest to the sence, we must act with things that do ex∣tenuate.

Article, 3. Of an inflation of the Womb.

An inflation of the womb is a distension of the same by wind produced out of a cold, fleg∣matick and flatulent matter, by default of a weak heat.

'Tis called also a windy Mola, by reason of the false hopes of a conception.

The signs are a distension of the womb con∣sisting in the region of the belly, which is som∣times increased, somtimes diminisht; som∣times 'tis extended to the sides, somtimes to the navil, loins and midriffe. It is distinguisht from a dropsy by its lesser bulk, want of thirst, by the increasing and decreasing of the tumor, by a less wasting of the upper parts. From a dropsy of the womb by the foregoing of causes generating wind, by a noise, less heaviness, greater distension, by feeling an extensive and pricking pain in the neighboring parts. From an inflamation of the guts, because here neither are pains, nor costiveness of body; because the courses are stopt, the feet and hollow of the eyes do swel, and color of the body is changed because the woman pants, is greived, and when she wakes out of her sleep, breaths with her neck upright. From a mola, by the want of heaviness and hardness, in the belly with a weight, moving it self from side to side, when they move. From a conception by the sound, and increase and decrease of the tumor, by wanting of motion like to the moving of the infant, for if the belly be prest strongly, the wind being driven to the neighboring parts, a certaine beating motion is felt in the whol belly.

The cause is exprest in the definition, the matter it self is either generated in the womb it self. Either by reason of the suppression of the courses; or by interception of the purga∣tion after a delivery; or proceeds from else∣where, either by the veins, or by the feed ves∣sels. But the weakness of heat ariseth for the most part from the external aire stopping by its coldness those impurities in women lying in, which seek a passage forth; from hard la∣bor, abortion, stoppage of the courses, &c.

The cure if you consider the method, differs not from the cure of other inflamations, so we have respect to the part. Observe that amongst purgers, Species hierae and diaphenicon with castor, are commended. For suffumigation, Nutmeg, of which Hartman in his chymiatry; for plaisters, the plaister of bay berries with treacle; for drinks, nutmeg bruised, boyled with the roots of feverfew and drank with six ounces of wine, two drams of Sugar.

The Differences are taken from the part it self.

One is when the wind is in the cavity, and then the mouth of the womb is so closedup, that none of it can get forth, when either the wo∣man is moved or her belly per••t with the hand, a sound and noise is perceived. But that it may be conteined in the cavity is certain, both because the womb may be distended though it be thick, as in conception, and be retained there as in a mola; and because the altering and re∣tentive faculties being never idle, do change the diseased seed into wind.

Another, when 'tis in the coats of the same, and then the mouth of the womb may be open, by reason that the winde is concluded in a nar∣row place, the sound goes forth and the pains are greater and extended further: the evil is more difficult to cure, than that in the ca∣vity.

Article, IV. Of an inflamation of the womb.

An inflamation of the womb is a tumor of the same from the putrefaction of blood fallen into its substance, troublesom with many symp∣tomes, and somtimes turning to a scirrbus, som∣times to an impostumation.

The signs, are various, the tumor it self ap∣pears in the region of the womb, with a heat and pain, a shutting up of the womb, drawing of it towards the inward parts: but the whol neck of it appeares ruddy, little veins swelling every where with blood like to a spiders webb. There is a difficulty of breathing, which shew a pleuresy, because the outward coat of the womb being extended which ariseth from the peritoneum and is fastened to it, those parts also to which it coheres, are distended. The excrements of the belly and bladder, by reason of the heat and dryness of the belly, and com∣pression of the passages, are detained. The bulk of the belly somtimes appeares empty, and the belly is filled with water, and the navil strutts forth, and the mouth is slender, and of a suddain a few and evil courses follow. A con∣tinual and burning Feaver afflicts, by reason of the consent of the womb with the heart by arte∣ries and great vessels, somtimes a lypirias by the motion of the humors towards the inward parts. There is a pain of the breasts with an inflation of them by reason of the consent of the groins, the hipps, the mid∣rife, the cannel bones, the forepart of the head which is extended to the roots of the eyes; and it ariseth from vapors of blood putrefying, car∣ried up to the head by the arteries, which run through the neck from both parts of that called the infundibulum into the fore part of the head.

The cause is blood, which somtimes is pure, somtimes mixt with choler, somtimes dyed with black choler. It slides thither or slides forth for common causes, viz. the detaining of it in the time of the courses, or after a deli∣very by the occursion of the cold air. 'Tis at∣tracted by heat or pain which is caused, either by abortion, hard labor, violent drawing forth of the secundine, long walking when the cour∣ses are at hand, or by a troublesom carrying, if the young one be either great, or ill placed.

The cure is difficult, especially if the whol womb be possest or suppurated; for a sordid ulcer arising from thence, doth at length kil the patient with a slow Feaver. None at al, if there be an erysipelas, because the young one it self dies by reason of the exceeding heat, whence follows abortion which kils the mother. If it turne to a deadly gangreen. 'Tis cured as in other inflamations, where note that for re∣vulsion we must not open a veine in the leggs, when as these veins draw the blood to the womb, but in the arme, when as the blood flows from the liver, and the veins adjacent to it. For derivation, a veine in the ham may be opened, unless the patient be great with child, least abortion be caused. Topicks ought to be applyed cooling and moistning without any astriction. 'Tis thought that the decoction of mother of time prepared with steeled water, and outwardly applyed with sponges, doth stop it by a certain propriety.

The Differences are taken from the part it self.

I. One is of the whol womb, in which the symptomes afore mentiond do evidently afflict, and few indeed do scape. Another is of the o∣ther side, in which the heat passes to the hipp, by reason of the ligaments of the womb which are carried thither, the legg of the same side is hardly moved, the groins of that place are in∣flamed.

II. One is of the hinder part, in which the belly is bound, the paine doth more afflict the loins and backbone. Another of the fore part, in which because it coheres to the bladder, the urine is stoppt or made with difficulty, the pain goes more towards the pubes. Another of its bottom, in which the lower part of the belly is so pained, that it cannot endure to be tou∣ched, and the pain is extended more to the na∣vel.

III. There is one which turns to a scirrhus, in which al things become milder, a weight and heaviness is felt in the neighboring parts, the evil is of long continuance, and is often termi∣nated in a dropsy of the womb. Another to an imposthumation, in which al things are in∣creased, til suppuration is made: horrors with∣out order invade them for the most part about the evening; the impostumation being broke (but it breaks either into the cavity of the womb, which is safer, or 'tis poured Forth into other parts) somtimes the urine, som∣times the belly is stopt, with a swelling of the pubes, and the sense of somthing waving.

Article. 5. Of a scirrhus of the womb.

Ascirrhus of the womb is a hard swelling of

the same, and resisting without pain, produ∣ced from a thick, earthy, and faeculent hu∣mor.

The SIGNS are besides other general ones, to wit the Courses at the beginning are supprest, or flow too little; the evil increasing, there is a great flux of blood by intervals, ei∣ther the Mouths of the Veins being opened more than is fit, or the Womb not being able ei∣ther to receive or retain the accustomary quan∣tity of blood. 'Tis distinguisht from a Mola, because in this if the Courses flow, they flow disorderly, and the Breasts also swel with Milk, which in a Scirrus are extenuated, &c.

The CAUSE is an earthy and feculent humor, to wit a thick blood, somtimes fleg∣matick, somtimes Melancholical, which happens in the declining Age, and troubles them which have been sick of a Pica, Malacia, or bulimus; oftentimes from an inflamation ill cured, by reason of the too much use either of coolers, or discussives.

The CURE is difficult both because things dryed a long time cannot be mollefied, and because the Native heat is exhausted in parts affected with a Scirrus, and because while the Humor is mollefied, it may easily turn to a Cancer by taking putrefaction. The proceedings of the cure differs not from o∣thers.

'Tis divided in respect to the part affected.

One is in the substance it self, in which the Womb lies upon the Hip and Back, and there Causeth a pain. Another in the Neck, which is discovered by the touch of the finger, 'tis easier cured than the former. If it be in the upper part of the Neck; the Woman is hurt in Copulation, and the bladder is prest by the Tumor, if it be in the lower part, the right Gut is offended.

Article, VI. Of a Dropsie of the Womb.

A Dropsie of the Womb is an impotency of the same from water collected in it, either by its own fault, or the fault of other Parts.

The SIGNS are a loose swelling of the lower part of the belly, extended according to the figure of the Womb a scarceness and evil∣ness of the Courses, because they are like to the washings of flesh, their failing before the time, the thinness and moisture of the mouth of the Womb, softness of the Breasts, and want of milk, a rigour and oftentimes a Faver. 'Tis distinguisht from an Inflamation by want of a Feaver, and by its softness, by other Symptomes, of which formerly. From an inflation, by defect of distension and noise. From a Mola, because in this a greater weight is felt in the bottom of the belly, the breasts at the time of the birth approaching do swel. From a Conception because in a Dropsie the Tumor of the Womb is extended according to the largeness of the womb and belly, inconcep∣tion 'tis pointed. In women with Child the Courses do not flow, here a certain bloody Humor, evil flows forth observing no order, and is quickly stopt. From a Dropsie of the Belly, by the Patients color in the Face, un∣less the Liver be affected, by want of thirst, by the ascent of the Tumor from the lower part to the upper.

The CAUSE is the water there, either by the fault of the Spleen or Liver, of which consult with their proper Chapters; or by the weakness of the Womb it self, by reason of which, it doth neither concoct wel, nor wel expel its Excrements, the which is, either from often abortions, and hard labour. Or from too great a Flux of the Courses, dissipating its heat. Or from the suppression of them choa∣king up the same heat.

The CURE requires the bringing forth of the water, and strengthing of the Womb, having respect to the Causes, Hartman, com∣mends Antimonial Pills.

The Difference is taken from the Part.

One is when the water is collected in its Ca∣vity, in which the Orifice of the womb if it be touched, is found shut up, the Tumor is great, and a certain waving is perceived if it follow conception, that yellowish and stinking wa∣ter within two months for the most part kils the Young one, which is then cast forth with it. Another is when the water resides in its substance and little bladders growing to it, in which its Orifice being handled it appears contracted: Greater pains arise, the Cure be∣comes more difficult.

Article, VII. Of the falling down of the womb.

The falling down of the womb is a hanging forth of the same out of the belly, pro∣ceeding

from a solution of the unity of its li∣gaments.

The general Signs are, a pain of the Loyns, of the lower part of the belly, of the Privities, of the Os Sacrum, to which the Womb is fa∣stened, and this at the beginning. In process of time the pain is mitigated it being accustoma∣ry, and there is a troublesome sence only of a weight, and a hindrance in walking. The special Signs, vary according to the nature of a greater or lesser falling down. In that the Womb descends to the middle of the Hips and Knees, presents a Tumor like a Goose Egg, in whose lower part there appears a hollowness, in this a Tumor is perceived as it were of a skin retcht, and as it were a weight of a great Egg about the Privities.

The CAUSE is whatsoever can dissolve the unity of the ligaments; see in that which follows.

The CURE is difficult, if it be great, if it afflict those of ful Age, if a Feaver, convul∣sion, or other Symptomes happen. Nay if it be, 'tis deadly in those that lie in, and som∣times by the alteration of the ambient Air, or violent repelling of it, 'tis corrupted, and taken with a gangreen. It consists.

• 1. In replacing of the Womb it self, where note, first of al the Inflamation must be stopt, if there be any. If a Tumor imprest by the cold Air on the Womb do urge the part must first be fo∣mented with a Decoction of Mallows, Marsh∣mallows, chamemel flowers, Bay berries, &c. If there be wind or Excrements in the Guts we must premise a Clyster. Before it is replaced, it must be fomented, sprinkled, anoynted with things Agglutinative and astringent. A suf∣fumigation of the Skin of a Salt Eele, dryed in the Smoak and poudered is commended. Seek for an astringent bath out of Guilielmus Rondeletius, his Cures. The manner of put∣ting it up, see in Authors.
• 2. In retaining of it, and then the Woman must be placed in her bed bending downward, with her Thighes extended, so that one lie upon the other, the belly must be kept neither slow to stool, least in casting forth the ordure the Womb be for∣ced down, nor loose, least the Membranes bin∣ding the Womb be relaxt.

Agglutinative and astringent Medicines must be applyed. To this end serve, Pessaries, Fomentations, in∣jections by a Syringe, and other things. But have a care you stop not the Courses with them.

The Differences are taken from the Cau∣ses.

I. One is by reason of the Laxness of the ligaments, of which it hath four; which is known by this, that 'tis generated by degrees, and afflicts with less pain. It ariseth either from hard labor, burthensome carrying of the young, or from the afflux of a Flegmatick mat∣ter. 'Tis Cured by emptying of the Humors, by the use of things astringent & strengthning, as are the Decoction of Oake moss, Harts horn, Bay Leaves, an astringent Plaister. A Load∣stone prepared and applyed.

Another is from the breaking of the Liga∣ments, which is known by this, that the evil ariseth of a suddain, afflicts with greater pain, & somtimes is followed with a flux of blood. It ariseth either from the Heavy carriage of the young one, or from hard labor, or from abor∣tion, or from a violent drawing forth of the Secundine.

Another from the Corrosion of the ligaments, and then there are signs of an Ulcer, some matter flows out.

Article, VIII. Of the ascent of the womb, its wounds and Ʋlcers.

That the womb may ascend out of its place towards the upper Parts as high as the sto∣mach, is the Opinion of some, but false. For.

• 1. 'Tis so tied with four ligaments, that it cannot be moved upwards at al.
• 2. Although it have a natural motion by fibres, yet because 'tis tied to the right Gut and Privites, if it had an Animal motion, those parts also must ne∣cessarily be distended.
• 3. Although it swel with wind as was said formerly, yet it follows not from thence, that 'tis moved upwards. But that Women somtimes do feel a body and a Globe as it were running about the Region of the Navel, we must say, 'tis rather the Testi∣cles and that blind Vessel, than the Womb it self. The Cause of this shal be explained in the suffocation of the Womb.

II. Concerning wounds of the womb, note,

• 1. That the Womb is hardly wounded, be∣cause 'tis on every side guarded with bones.
• 2. If it be wounded, 'tis known by the Situa∣tion, pain and matter that flows forth.
• 3. That it may be cured, as appears by the Caesarean birth, but 'tis dangerous by reason of the con∣••••••t of the part with other members.
• 4. Or it happens on the bottome of the womb, and then that pain is less, and easier Cured, or on the Neck, and then the pain is greater and har∣der

• to be Cured, because that is more mem∣branous and continually abounds with moi∣sture.

III. Concerning Ʋlcers we meet with no∣thing of worth, which hath not been touched on formerly, unless perhaps we may add, that it doth somtimes so Putrefie, that it must be cut out, and fals away the woman surviving. For consolidation do serve, the Balsam of sul∣phur, and the Plaister of the same, (con∣cerning which see Hartmans Chymiatry in the Chapter of a Consumption.)

[Read more of this subject in the Guide to Physick and Chyrurgery, Riverius Practice of Physick, and his Observations; and the London Dispensatory. Al of the last Editions, Englished by me.]

Title, XII. Of the Symp∣tomes of the Womb.

Chap. 1. Of the Common symp∣tomes.

Article, I. Of the weakness of the womb.

THe Symptomes of the Womb, are either common to Women in al states, or are, either more familiar to those that live out of wedlock: or proper to the married.

Those common are, a weakness of the womb, Pain, a stoppage of the Courses, a dropping of them, too great a flux, a difficulty of them, a discolouring, an inordinate flux, a womans flux, a gonorrhea.

A weakness of the womb is a sluggishness or defect of the same, in performing its actions, induced by the fault of a distemper, occult qualities, and the native heat.

The SIGNS are, a languishing desire of ve∣nery, an inordinate flux of the Courses, when they are at hand, a pain in the loyns and pecten, little or no pleasure in copulation, often aborti∣ons, a breaking forth of wind from the womb. For the actions of the womb are, a desire of Venery, a voiding of menstruous blood at due times, the ejection of seed in the act of Vene∣ry, and the retaining of that received from the man, a keeping of the young one conceived to the due time, and the exclusion of it when 'tis perfect into the world.

The Nature of the Causes shal be explain∣ed in the Differences.

The Cure must be directed against the Causes (of which there.)

The Differences are taken from the Cau∣ses.

One is from the distemper of the womb, which if it be Cold the womb cannot perfect a mean quantity of nourishment, therefore it heaps not up many Excrements. If moist, nei∣ther the blood, nor seed, nor young one are rightly conteined. See the Cure above.

Another is from occult qualities, which the womb hath is apparent from hence, because it hath a singular Sympathy and antipathy with divers things; desires mans seed, is delighted with sweet things, &c. And then the affect riseth from no evident Cause. There is found no excess of moisture or coldness. In the cure Medicines must be applyed that are proper by their whol substance.

Another is from the innate heat, either choaked, or dissipated, and then the affect is dangerous, because the heat is difficulty re∣newed. In the Cure we must act with restau∣ratives, as are, Cinnamon, Nut-Megs, the Species Diaxyloaloes, Aromaticum Rosatum, &c.

Article, II. Of the Pain of the womb.

A Pain of the womb is a sad sense of the same proceeding from a solution of continuity induced by its Causes.

There is no need of Signs when the Wo∣man her self makes known the pain. It affects both Women that are free, and great with Child, and past labour. It torments as pains of the collick do in the lower belly, whenas the ligaments of the Womb are carried to the Hips and Loynes, so far also it extends it self.

The Cause is whatsoever can dissolve conti∣nuity.

The Cure respect,

• 1. The mitigation of pain by anodynes.
• 2. The removal of the Cause, of which in the Differences.

The Differences are taken from the Causes.

I. One is from corrosion, which cheifly hap∣pens in Ulcers, the Womans flux, vitious

Courses, &c. It offends most of al the Neck of the Womb. The Cure must be directed against those affects.

Another from distention, which is caused.

• 1. By a clot of Blood, sticking in the Cavity of the Womb, and then a plentiful flux of Blood preceded from the womb, the pain is fixt, and is perceived most of al about the Ori∣fice of the womb, when as Nature by the con∣tinual endeavoring to expel it doth draw the right Gut and bladder into consent, 'tis joyned with a tenasmus and often pissing. In the Cure we must respect, the dissolving of the clot, for which Treacle with Wine is commended, and the emptying of it, and if hath stayed long there the Malignity of it.
• 2. By Menstruous blood, when either the Vessels are not wide enough, or that is too thick; which also may happen from cold drink, especially if the woman were hot after exercise, and then the Causes went before which occasioned it, there are signs of the Courses supprest or not flowing rightly. The cure must be directed to the same.
• 3. By vitious Humors, sticking in the Cavity or Vessels of the womb; and then we must act with emptyers and preparatives.
• 4. By wind which ariseth from the boyling of the vitious Humors. Which somtimes copulation caus∣eth. And then emptying must be ordered, we must act with things that discuss wind, of which in the Chollick.
• 5. by an inflamation of the womb, of which formerly.
• 6. By seed retained and corrupted, and then we must look to the suffocation of the womb.

Article, III. Of the suppression of the Courses.

A suppression of the Courses is a retention of the menstruous blood, by reason of the streit∣ness of the passages, or the fault of the blood.

The SIGNS are afforded from the relati∣on of the woman her self, but if they wil not confess, In Virgins 'tis known by this, that the blood stopt doth wander up and down in the Veins, and cause obstructions, changes the colour of the body, induceth a Feaver, &c. In women that 'tis carried to the womb and infers Diseases of the womb. 'Tis distinguisht from the retention in childing, because they with Child are little changed in the affections of their mind, they retaine the Native color of their body, they find the Symptomes dayly more mild, they perceive the motion and situa∣tion of the infant the third month. They have the mouth of their womb shut up and hard.

The CAUSES are a streightness of the veins, and the fault of the blood, of which in the differences shal be treated more at large.

The Cure must be hastened because that sup∣pression doth produce many diseases, as a fea∣ver, a leucophlegmatick, a dropsie, vomiting of blood, &c. 'Tis difficult if it be of long continuance, if it hath exceeded the sixth month for the most part 'tis thought incurable, especially if it happen from a perversion of the neck of the womb, for then the woman swoun∣eth, and vomits flegme, the parts of the belly and pecten are pained, the back bone, and a fea∣ver happens. The excrements of the belly and bladder are supprest, a weariness possesses the whole body by reason of the diffusion of the blood retained through the whole, it most of al detains the thighs and hips by reason of the consent of the veins of these parts with the veins of the womb. 'Tis of good success, if it be empti∣ed through other places, so it be not through the bladder, because the blood doth clot most of al in that. It respects.

• 1. Bleeding, for the blood which stops every month, is heaped up in the body, and sticking in the veins it must be recal∣led to the wombe. Concerning this note a vein must be opened in the ancle, because, so both the quantity of the blood is diminisht, and its moti∣on to the wombe is procured. If it must be repeated, one day blood must be taken from one leg, the next from the other. That which is ordered from emptying, ought to be opened at the beginning, that which is opened in the ham or ancle, after purging must be done three, four, or five dayes before the time of the accus∣tomary evacuation. Cupping-glasses which are deputies of bleeding, must first of al be ap∣plied to the remoter places, viz. the thighs, then to the neerer, to wit the hips. Hither belong ligatures, frictions, the time of the courses being at hand, after emptying of the whole body.
• 2. The preparation of the matter, and for this serves in flegmatick bodies, the decoction of guajacum with ditander of caudy without pro∣voking of sweat.
• 3. Emptying, which must be ordered at times, that the matter may be emptyed by little and little. Amongst evacua∣ting medicines are commended, agarick, Ga∣lens hiera with castor, aloes with the juice of savin. Pils made of aloe socotorina three drams; the best myrrh one scruple; extract of callamus aromaticus, carduus benedictus saffron, of each three grains; of th•• rootes of gentian, dittander, each five grain•• with syrup of bay berries, and given one scr••∣ple

• weight in the evening before supper.
• 4. Opening obstructions by those things that move the courses, the cheife are inwardly gi∣ven, the decoction of rosemary with the flower of wal flower in wine. Zacutus his chalybeat wine i. 9. c. 10. his water in the same place; Pennyroial water twice distiled with cinna∣mon water. The extract of Zedoary, angelica, castor. The faecula of bryony, the earth which is found in iron mines given in the same quan∣tity, order, and forme, as steel is. The spi∣rit of tartar, Hartmans lozinges of Crocus martis. Outwardly, Zacutus his oyntment of steel. l. 3. histor. p. 52. the fat of an eele, of a snake with the distilled oyl of savin. A suffumigation of the refuse of Regulus anti∣monii, of which in Hartman.
• 5. A discussi∣on of the remainders by sweaters, viz. with a drauft either of Qercetans milium solis in his pharmaco. restituta. Or with a chalybeate decoction with spirit of tartar, the juice of elder, &c.

The Differences are fetcht from the Cau∣ses.

I. One is from the obstruction of the veins of the womb, which is caused by cold and thick blood, viscous and thick humors mixt with the blood; proceeding either from a hot dis∣temper of the womb, which dissipates, the subtil and sharp humors, leaves the thick and earthy parts; or from a cold constitution of the liver and spleen; or from the like nourish∣ments, especially if in the time of the menstru∣ous flux they be dissipated, when the force of the blood is greater: and then the time of the purgation being at hand, pains are felt in the loins and neighboring parts, if any thing flows forth, 'tis mucous, somwhat white, and som∣what black: there is a dulness in the whole body, with a white colour, a rare pulse and crude urines.

Let the Cure be fetcht from what hath been said before.

Another from compression, which is either from external causes, as the northern air, stay∣ing in cold water, and then the relation of the patient wil unfould it. The blood must be drawne to the lower parts by frictions, ban∣dages, baths. Or from internal causes, to wit the fat of the womb, or tumors of the neigh∣boring parts, and then, the tumor must be taken away with convenient remedies. Things that move the courses have no place here.

Another is from a constipation whiles the substance of the womb it self is hard, which is either from the first birth, and then 'tis not easi∣ly taken away; or after the birth, from a cold and dry distemper; of which formerly.

Another from a growing together, which is caused.

• 1. By a skar left after an ulcer.
• 2. By flesh or a membrain growing over the ves∣sels of the womb.
• 3. By often abortion, after which those veins to which the secundine ad∣heres, doe so grow together, that afterwards they cannot be opened.

II. One is from a defect of blood, which ei∣ther is not generated, either by reason of exter∣nal causes, viz. hunger, too much evacuation, issues, &c. or of internal, as a cold constuti∣on of the principal parts, old age, feavers. Or 'tis converted to other uses, as before ripe age into the augmentation of the body, in women with childe to the nourishment of the young one, in those that give suck into milk, in fat folkes into fat. Or 'tis wasted, either by rea∣son of external causes, to wit, exercise, too much labour, frights, sadness, baths, hot houses, which by provoking plentious sweats, do both carry the blood to the circumference of the bo∣dy, and wast its serous part, which gives fluxibility to it: or internal, as are hot and dry diseases, too great evacuations made by o∣ther parts, &c.

Another from the dryness of the blood, which is caused by adustion, when in the winter time women put light coales under their lower belly to drive away the cold, and then we must act with coolers and moistners.

Article. IV. Of a dropping, and difficul∣ty of the courses.

The dropping of the courses is a breaking forth of the menstruous blood either for many dayes, or continually, yet made by drops.

There is no need of Signs when the fault is made known by the relation of the woman.

The Cause consists either in thing external, or in the blood, or in the vessels.

The Cure follows the Nature of the Cau∣ses.

The Difference is taken from the causes.

One is from external causes; exercise, hot medicines, and other things that diffuse the blood and open the passages; and then there is a greater pouring forth of blood.

Another is from the faeculency of the blood, the waies not beng open enough, and then it happens with pain, in the cure opening a vein

in the arm takes place. Purging by little and little ought to be urged.

Another is from the weakness of the retentive faculty, there comming together a plenty of blood, a thinness and serosity; and then no pain urges. We must act with medicines that strengthen the womb with astriction and dryness.

II. A difficulty of the courses is a flowing of them with pain and trouble, and greivous symptomes, by the default of the veins or blood.

The signs are taken from the relation of the patient; those pains are, of the head, stom∣ach, loyns and lower belly. The flux is either altogether, or only by the way of dropping, and somtimes when the courses are at hand, somtimes when they flow, the symptoms hap∣pen, and they do more afflict virgins and the barren, because the veins of their wombes are less open, than those that have brought forth, because their veins after breeding are dila∣ted.

We shal treat of the causes in the differen∣ces.

The cure respects,

• 1. The Symptoms, which must be mitigated,
• 2. The causes, which must be taken away.

The difference is taken from the causes. One is from the straitness of the veins of which we have sayd enough in the suppression of the courses.

Another from the faults of the blood, that is▪

• 1. From the thickness and feculency of it, and then the blood whiles it is emptyed, grows in∣to clots, the pains grow feircer a long time be∣fore the evacuation by reason of the endeavors of the expulsive Faculty. The cure (premising universals) is perfected by things attenuating, and that have power to diffuse it.
• 2. From the acrimony, proceeding from the mixture of sharp humors, and then the genital parts do i••ch, the nature of the blo••d voided and man∣ner of the pain discovers the disease. We must act with things that qualify the acrimony, as are the Four greater seeds, violets, the flowers of water lillies.
• 3. From the flatulency, and then the pain returns by intervalls, and of a suddain grows sharper, wanders up and down, wind being voided it ceases. It is cured by emp∣tying of the matter, and discussing of wind.

Article. 5. Of the discoloring of the cour∣ses.

The discolouring of the courses is a declin∣ing of them, when as they ought to be ruddy; to a palness, whiteness, greeness, yellowness, or lividness, by default of blood.

The signs are afforded from beholding the blood it self, there is added a stinkingness, an inordinate evacuation, and oftentimes erratick Feavers, accute; horror, loathing of meat, pains of the stomach &c. concerning which see Hippocrates.

The cause is layd upon the falt of the blood, concerning which; as also of its causes, see in the differences.

The cure attends the causes, therefore ac∣cording to the nature of them it varies.

'Tis divided twofold.

I. One is when the blood contracts a fault, either by reason of a distemper of the whol bo∣dy, or of some principal part, respect to which must be had in the cure.

Another, when the blood is in fault, either because 'tis supprest and retaind, and then a stoppage of the courses went before, pains are felt in the breast, and strong pulsations; if the habit be better, the courses break forth, and the blood flows forth, and a strong smelling matter, about the eight or ninth day. Or because 'tis polluted by the womb abounding with excrements, and then there are signs of a polluted womb.

Another when the blood is polluted by the mixture of excrementitious humors, and then if you consider the cure, we must prepare them, but so, that when as thick humors do want at∣tenuation, and things too much attenuating do melt the serous humors, and move them to the womb, we must absteine from the stronger▪ and beware of vinegar; we must empty &c.

II. One is when the courses decline to a whiteness, which ariseth either from flegm, of which howsoever it be there are signs of a weak stomach; or from matter, and then either ulcers are raised in the womb and barrenness follows, or the courses flow forth for seven or eight days and the woman is freed; or the same break forth at the parts above the groin without a tu∣mor and about the hypochondries they come forth and the woman seldom survives. Or af∣ter some daies a great tumor riseth upon the groin, ruddy without a head, because there the flesh is filled up, and 'tis hardly opened.

Another is when it declines to yellowness or greenness, which proceeds from choler.

Another, when to a lividness, which ari∣seth from melancholy.

Article 6. Of an inordinate flux of the courses.

An inordinate flux of the courses includes two things, to wit, an anticipation of the cour∣ses before the due time, and their continuance beyond the accustomary time.

The anticipation of the courses is divided according to the nature of the causes.

One is from external causes, viz. a fal, a blow, and other things that open the veins. See the cure below.

Another from the irritation of the expulsive faculty of the womb.

• 1. By the plenty of blood, which is known by this, that the blood is sent from the whol body to the womb, 'tis fluid and natural; there are signs of a plentitude. 'Tis cured, by bleeding, if the plenty be great, by dyet and often exercise, if it be less.
• 2. By the thinness and acrimony of the blood, which is known by this, that the temper of the whol body is hot, a course of dyet generating such blood went before, the blood it self is dilute, dis∣colored yellowish. 'Tis cured by emptyers, rhubarb especially; by qualefyers, of which formerly.

Another from the weak retentive faculty of the womb, which is known by this, that the vessels of the womb are loose, the habit of the body also is lax and moist. The cure forbids things too much astringent. Acid waters and baths that have the vertue of iron are commended.

II. The continuance of the courses beyond the accustomary time is divided also according to the nature of the causes.

One is which proceeds from the disappoint∣ment of the expulsive faculty, which is caused,

• 1. By the scearcity of blood, which is known by this, that the woman finds no trouble by the protraction of her courses, & that too much excercise or slender dyet went before.
• 2. By the thickness of the blood, which is known by this, that there are signs of a cacochyme, the blood is whitish and viscous.

In the cure we must purge before much blood be gathered together, attenuate when the menstruous purgation is over, calamint and mercury beare the palme; some days before the monthly purga∣tion, we must open, scarification of the an∣kels takes place here.

Another which ariseth from the weakness of the expulsive faculty, which is induced,

• 1. By a cold distemper of the womb, of which former∣ly,
• 2. By a stupidity of the same, which is known by this, that there are present disease causing stupidity, or too great use of coolers went before, after the due time of purgation, though there be present abundance of blood, no heaviness is perceived by the woman.

In the cure we must have respect to the disease and its causes.

Article, 7. Of too much flowing of the courses.

The too much flowing of the courses is either a too plentiful or more continued purgation of them than is convenient, arising either from the fault of the blood, or of the womb, or of the veins.

There is not much need of signs, especially if there follow a want of appitite, crudety, an evil color of the face, a swelling of the feet and the rest of the body, an atrophy, cachexy &c.

The cause we have layd on the blood, the womb or the veins; but whence these are in fault, shal be explained in the differences.

The cure is difficult if it be of long continu∣ance. None at al, if it happen to a woman growing old. It reqiures, 1. A restraint of them by revulsion, interception, thickning of the blood, stopping up the vessels by astringent means and other things. Yet it must be stopt by degrees, if there be a great plenty of blood, and it happen by way of crisis, the which falls out seldom. Here take place Heurnius his pouder, of the seed of white henbane, white pop∣py, each one dram; of the bloodstone, red cor∣al, each half a dram; camphure half a scruple given half a dram weight. The pouder of amber, sanguis draconis, the bloodstone, red corral, purslane seeds, each one dram; pome∣granate flowers two scruples; easterne bole armenick two drams; given from one dram in three ounces of plantane water. Asses milk with steel. Ferdinandus his aqua mira∣bilis. histor. 33. The trochisks de carabe, the benes of a man strongly calcined. Zacutus his pills, l. 9. prax. histor. p. 185. His plaister there. The plaister of saxonia made of the sut of a chimney, volatil floure &c. a pes∣sary made of heggs and asses dung with the juice of plantane and the mucilage of quinse seeds. Specificks are, inwardly, Forestus his pouder of a turtil, l. 28. obs. 10. The salt of the ashes of the same, the thin skin of geese feet dryed and given from one dram, to two scrupels. Outwardly, a girdle of the leaves of bastard black hellebore bruised. Of which Renealmus, obser, 21.

The differences are divers, which do cheifly respect the causes.〈1 page missing〉〈1 page missing〉

1. One is from blood, which,

• 1. either is derived from the bottom of the womb, in which the blood is blacker and for the most part clot∣ted. Or from the neck, which is more ruddy and fluid.
• 2. 'Tis either plentiful, or sharp, or serous. Of which in the following difference.

Another from the moistness of the womb, of which see formerly.

Another from the fault of the Veins, concer∣ning which consult with the third difference.

One is from plenty of blood, which is known by this, that either the vessels are opened or broke, in women especially, whose courses have stopt a long while, and afterwards do breake forth more plentifully. There are signs of a plentitude, the blood which comes forth, doth easily concrete into clots. In the Cure we must respect.

• 1. Bleeding, which if it be or∣dered for evacuation, it concernes a vein in the arme, the liver veine cheifly. If the strength be feeble, 'tis ordered in the salvatella of each hand, if it be for revulsion, it must be done at several times, because being repeated it re∣vells more powerfully.
• 2. Cupping-glasses, which for evacuation may be applied to any part, if you except the lower, as to the back, shoulders, and that with scarification; for revulsion they ought to be set to the breasts without scarification, and upon a difficulty of breathing ensuing they must be removed.
• 3. Ligatures, frictions of the armes, &c.

Another from sharp blood, which is known by this, that there is a corrosion of the vessels joyned with it, there are signs of choler. The blood is detained and corrupted in the womb, it slides forth in greater quantity. In the Cure let purging be administred by syrup of roses solutive and leaves of senny. See things that thicken it above mentioned.

Another from serous and watery blood, which is known by this, that either the liver is faulty by its weakness, or the kidnies by rea∣son of their weakness do not attract the se∣rum. The blood flowes forth in lesse quantity and is not easily clotted: that which is flowed forth, if it be received on a linnin cloath, and dryed in the shade, discovers it self by the co∣lour. The Cure attends the diseases them∣selves.

III. One is from an Anastomosis, in the cure of which observe, that hot things ought to be mixt with cold least the veins be obstruc∣ted, the ventilation of heat be prohibited, and a feaver induced; that pessaries may be appli∣ed if the opening be in the vessels of the neck, where oake leaves and unguentum Commitissae are good; that baths must not be used unless they be somwhat cold, or whose astringent power overcomes their heat.

Another is from a Diapedis••s, which hap∣pens very rare, it presently requires astringent topicks.

Another from a Breaking, which happens either from a plenitude, or from causes that stir the blood, especially from hard labor, and premising the opening of a vein if ther be need; 'tis cured by conglutinating medicines.

Another from a corrosion, which is known from hence, that little blood flowes, somtimes purulent, somtimes serous. It ariseth from a sharp and corrupt blood, somtimes also from sharp medicines, amongst Astringents is com∣mended the root of dropwort, or 'its decoc∣tion.

Article. VIII. Of the Womans flux and gonorrhaea.

The womans flux, which otherwise is ex∣prest by the name of the whites, is an inordi∣nate voiding from the womb, of an excre∣mentitious humor by its whole nature differ∣ing from blood, collected by the fault either of the whole, or of some part.

'Tis called the womans, because it affects women, and truly virgins also, when as the causes take place in them, and there are exam∣ples of it. Yet more commonly those of ri∣per age, especially if they be indewed with a moist and cold constitution, do lead a delicate and idle life, and feed upon cold and moist nourishments: old women also, and that unto death, by reason of the plenty of flegm, and the weakness of the concocting faculty.

There is no need to enquire the Signs, the affect is made known by the relation of the pa∣tient her self. It differs from a gonorrhaea, be∣cause in that the matter of the seed flows forth, whiter, thicker, and at longer intervals, and 'tis voided in less quantity. From a nocturnal polution, because this is joyned with a phansie of a venereal business, and happens only in the sleep. From the discolored courses, because they observe their periods, though not alwaies exactly; they do not happen to women with child, and those troubled with the suppression of the courses, they shew a red colour. From matter out of the ulcers of the womb, because then the signs of an ulcer stand forth, the mat∣ter it self is thicker and whiter. It it be sani∣ous 'tis besmeared with blood, and voided with pain.

We have laid the Cause upon an Excremen∣titious Humor, which Somtimes is raised by purging Medicines, Nature being stirred up by their use to attempt excretions, somtimes by Baths, Nature casting off by this way those Excrements which could not be driven forth by sweat.

The cure must be hastened, for it makes wo∣men Barren for the most Part, unless perhap it be emptyed through the Vessels of the Neck of the womb, it casts the same into an Atrophy, consumption, Melancholy, Dropsie, Falling down of the womb, swounings and Convul∣sions. Hence though at the beginning 'tis scarce Cured, yet afterwards 'tis more difficult. For the whol body accustomes it self to cast off the Excrements through that way, and the womb being rendered weaker collects Excrements. It varies according to the nature of the Causes.

The Differences are taken from the part that sends them, and the colour of the blood.

I. One is from the whol, which is known by this, that there are signs of a Cacochymy in the whol body, the flux is more plentiful. In the Cure.

• 1. Bleeding must be shunned, both because the Humors ought not to be recalled into the Veins to pollute the blood, and be∣cause the strength is dejected by the long con∣tinuance of this affect, and the body wasted.
• 2. Discussion is very wel performed by De∣coctions of Guajacum, China, and lentisk wood, &c.
• 3. For drying, the Root of dropwort, is very much commended. For binding, the pouder of mans bones, the ashes of Capons dung in rain water. Zacutus his Plaister. l. 9. c. 11. Prax. History, which ought to be applyed to the Kidneys.
• 4. Sleeping on the back must be avoided, least by the heat of the Loyns, the humors be carri∣ed towards the womb.
• 5. Frictions of the upper parts are good for aversion.

Another is from some part besides the womb, and then there are signs of the part affected, in the cure we must have regard unto it.

II. One is from the womb, which is known by this, that there are signs of the womb affect∣ed, the flux is not so plentiful. It ariseth from the distemper of it, of which in the Cure we must have a regard. Suffumigations of Frankincense, Labdanum, Mastick, Saun∣ders are wel applyed; but from what Cause soever it ariseth, baths do most good.

Concerning a Gonorrhaea, if any thing ought to be known, let it be sought from those things which are said concerning a mans go∣norrhaea.

Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes more familiar to those that live out of Wedlock.

Article, I. Of the Virgins Disease.

THe Symptoms more familiar to those that live unmarried are, the Virgins disease, the suffocation of the womb, the madness of the womb, and the melancholy of wo∣men.

The Virgins disease (otherwise the white, the Virgins, the Pale, the Lovers Feaver) is a change of the natural color in the Face into a greenish and pale, proceeding from the abundance of crude Humors.

'Tis called the Virgins, because it appertains most of al to Virgins, and truly to the Fairer, endued with a white colour, thence the Tin∣cture from crude Humors is the easier.

The Face it self wil afford us the Signs, to which add other Symptomes, as the pain of the Head, somtimes madness, the Humors and Vapors being carried thither and mixt with Melancholy; a difficulty of breathing with a palpitation of the heart, if they stir, with a smal and frequent pulse of the Arteries in the Neck, back, and Temples, by Reason of the lifting up of Vapors from the heating of the thick blood, inordinate and erratick Feavers by reason of the Putrefaction of the Humors, ma∣nifold affects of the Stomach, amongst which loathing of meat, by reason of the unhappy di∣stribution of the Chyle. A Pica from the a∣bundance of evil humors in the coats of the sto∣mach. Vomiting from the great plenty of crude Humors, both a distension of the Hypo∣chondries, from the reflux of the Menstruous blood to the greater Vessels and a rumbling from the tumultuation of wind. A swelling as wel of the whol body with a laxness and softness from the plenty of the Humor, as ei∣ther of the Eye-lids, especially in the morning after sleep, when in the night the heat hath raised more Vapors and serour Humors than could be discussed; or of the Legs and Feet, especially about the Ankles from the abun∣dance of serous Humors.

The CAUSE is the crudity and plenty of Humors, arising either from the suppression of the Courses, or from the Native straitness of the Vessels, or from that acquired by eating of wheat, Loom, Chalk, earth, Nut-Meg, drin∣king of Vineger, &c. Or from the obstructi∣on of other bowels. For the Menstruous blood, the Passages not being open, doth re∣gurgitate to the greater Veins and Bowels, ob∣structs the Vessels, and over whelms the heat. Hence ariseth evil concoction in the Bowels, and the Humors are carried to the habit of the body.

The CURE is accomplisht.

• 1. by bleeding, especially in the Ankle if the malady be new; and the blood is not turnd into another humor. If it ariseth from the Evacuation of blood sup∣prest.
• 2. By Purging, premising Prepara∣tives.
• 3. By opening obstructions, in which we must have respect to al the bowels; the suppression of the Courses must most of al be minded.

There are commended, Steel pre∣pared, Scorzonera Root, Bezoar stone, Oyl of Crystals, &c. In the diet Vineger must be voided.

Article, II. Of the Suffocation of the womb.

The Suffocation of the womb is a heap of Symptomes opposing somtimes the natural actions, somtimes the Animal, somtimes and more often the vital, by periods, joyned with a coldness of the whol Body, proceeding from a malignant Vapor raised from the womb.

'Tis called also the Suffocation of women, the strangling from the womb, the Hysterical passion, &c.

The SIGNS are either of that at hand, a wearinness of the whol body, with a weakness of the Legs, a paleness of the Face with a sad look, a nauseousness which is seldome succeed∣ed with vomiting, oftentimes a certain weari∣somness, and loathing of meat, and that som∣times with a murmuring and rumbling of the belly, somtimes without these. Or of that present, in which a Vapor raised up to the heart, and stopping the vital spirits, a smal fainting away is Caused, the Pulse is changed a little, the body grows cold, the spirits recurring to the heart, fear and desperation moves the patients; the same thrust to the Head and Jaws, som∣times the Jaws are bound up, and the Patient seems to be suffocated. The motion of the breast and Midriffe is hindered the Animal spirits being stopt, and breathing is almost in∣tercepted, the sick living in the mean while by Transpiration; somtimes a madness of the womb is added with prating, and fury, som∣times other kinds of madness arise. Somtimes sleep and a drowsie Disease is induced, in which the woman falling as astonisht, lies without motion, without sense, with such smal breathing that she seems dead. Or of the fit declining, and then a certain Humor flows forth from the Privities, the Guts murmur; by and by the Eyes are lift up, the Cheeks grow red, sence and motion return. Somtimes a coldness at the time slides from the Head by the Neck into the shoulder and Arme, which makes motion difficult, but presently 'tis dis∣cust. Yet al these Signs do not happen in al. There have been those who were troubled with continual laughing the Vapor insinua∣ting it self into the Membranes of the Breast; there have been those who seemed to frame the hissing of Serpents, the croking of Crows, &c. According to the proportion of the passages and breath breaking forth. It differs from an Epilepsie, because in this the Convulsive mo∣tions are more universal, they have no re∣membrance of those things after the fits which happened to them in the fits, the Pulse is greater than before, a foam flows about their Mouth. From an Apoplexy, because in this the fit is suddain without any notice; a singu∣lar snoaring afflicts them in breathing, there is so great a resolution of the Parts, that though they be prickt yet they do not feel. From a Syncope, because there are no presages in this of the fit to come, the pulse failes to the sence, cold sweats afflict, it vanisheth in a short time, when as the Hysterical passion lasts somtimes a day or two. From the dead, they are dis∣tinguisht by Sneezing, Caused by Sneezers and other means.

The CAUSE is a malignant Vapor, thin and spirituous, in one moment penetrating the whol body, and raised from the matter corrup∣ted after a peculiar manner in the womb, and stirred either of it self or by external things, as things sweet-smelling, fear, Anger; and ascending upwards not only by the Veins and Arteries, but also by occult passages. But what that is shal be said in the Differences.

The CURE is somtimes of doubtful hopes, If it long afflict old women, because it infers an impeachment of the strength, and shews a

plenty of humors. If it happen to breeding women, a hard labour or abortion going be∣fore; if it assaile great bellied women, because it strikes a feare of abortion; of better hopes, if breathing be not hurt too much, if the fits do not return often. It respects.

• 1. The time of the fit, where care must be had.
  • 1. To intercept it, by binding of the belly about the navel with a girdle made of the skin of a hart kild in the act of copulation with the doe.
  • 2. To raise her by ligatures and painful Frictions, by pulling off the hairs especially of the priveties, by suffumigations made of partridg feathers horses hoofs, and Eel skin. By applying of assa faetida oyl of tartar to the nose, &c.
  • 3. To reveal by ligatures & frictions of the lower parts, glysters discussing wind, cupping-glasses without scarrification applyed with much flegm, first to the ancles and thighes, by and by to the groines, by putting up sweet things into the privities, as are oyl of Civit half a scru∣ple; with oyl of nutmeg by expression one scruple.
  • 5. To discuss, and that outwardly by oyl of white amber with the pouder of walnut flowers. By extract of castor, of liver-wort. Mynsichtus his specificum diajovis. The same Authors Theriaca mulierum. Hartmans es∣sence granorum Chamaeactes, in pennyroyal water, Treacle water & others that are appro∣priate. Outwardly by putting into the navel o∣leum Jovis, the salt of the same described by Crollius. By plaisters made of the fat of a black cow fed with utrine plants, clary boyld in but∣ter, adding gum tacamahach, & carama.
• 2. The time out of the fit, in which.
  • 1. We must empty by Grulingius his extract of bryony, of which in his cures, by Agricola his flores virtioli Veneris et martis.
  • 2. The womb must be strengthened by things internal and external that do resist the malignity also. The faecula of briony is commended, Castor, &c.
  • 3. That diet in which odoriferous and sweet things are, which are wont to move the womb, must be shunned.

For preservation see Zacutus his Hysterical Pils. Prax. Hist. l. 9. c. 12.

The Difference is taken from the causes.

One is from the seed corrupted by the fault of the parts or humors mixt with it, and sen∣ding forth such a vapor, which is known by this, that the courses are right in the patient. Al the Symptoms are more vehement, the fit declining a humor like to seed flows forth of the privites. 'Tis Cured (universals premised) by emptying of the seed by glysters, and utrine pessaries, by prohibition of the same, by me∣dicines diminishing the seed, or by slender di∣et.

Another from menstruous blood stopping, and therefore corrupt, which is known by this, that the menstruous blood is joyned with viti∣ous humors, especially a melancholly one. The symptoms are milder, with the signs of a suppression. The Cure must be turned against the suppression of the cour••es.

Another from vitious humors, concerning which consult with the chapter of the distem∣per of the womb.

Article. III. Of the madness of the womb, and Melancholly of Women.

The Madness of the womb is an immoderate desire of Venery, almost making women stark mad, arising from the plenty of seed, acri∣mony, and peculiar quallity of it.

The subject of this affect are, either wel flesht virgins, black, and having adust blood, or the youthful flourishing widows; or mar∣ried women that are barren by the impotency of the husband.

The Signs are various, some wast away in sadness and silence suppressing their desire; o∣thers, reason being overcome do prate, are la∣scivious, break into anger, laughter, wee∣ping, wanton and baudy discourses. Some freely prostitute themselves to men.

The Cause is the plenty, heat, and accrimo∣ny of the seed, which ariseth if you consider the internal causes, from the heat of the womb, the distemper of the stones especially, and sper∣matick vessels; hence many labor of an in∣flamation of the womb, and itching, which are not affected with this madness. If the ex∣ternal, from a diet generating plenty and accri∣mony of blood by a drauft of hippocras, in which there was some Borrax, &c. dissolved.

The Cure is accomplisht.

• 1. By bleeding if blood do abound.
• 2. By purging if hot and adust humors be mixt with it.
• 3. By altera∣tion by coolers, as are Letice, Purslan, water∣lilies, Ladies navil, by things that act by an occult quallity, as are, the chast tree, rue, hemp, Camphire, hemlock, which are rather to be used in Nunneries.

The Melancholly of Women is a dotage with sadness, anxiety, weeping, or laughing by intervals, invading without a feaver, arising from a melancholly vapor, darkning the animal spirits.

The SIGNS are various, the women are sad, complaine of a grief at heart, yet are not able to express the cause of it. The Arteries about the Spleen and back do beat more vehe∣mently than usual, a pain of the left side against the heart afflicts, somtimes seazing on the left breast, the Vapors from the intercostal Arte∣ries being poured forth into those places, and pulling and distending the Membranes of the Breast: a dryness of the Jaws somtimes trou∣bles them with a suffocation. But these symp∣tomes affect by intervals, because the Vapor is dispersed, and the stirring of the blood in the Arteries ceaseth.

The CURE respects.

• 1. Bleeding, which must be ordered at the beginning, if hot blood do urge it, 'tis to be admitted commonly in the Arme, if the Courses be not stopt, if o∣therwise, in the Ankle some daies before the flux; it is to be urged, sparingly if the evil be far gone.
• 2. Preparation, by those things, which alter the Melancholly Humor, and re∣joyce the heart, as are the Confection de Hy∣acintho and Alkermes.
• 3. Emptying, by things that Purge Melancholly, with which, things proper for the womb must alwaies be mixt.

Chap. 3. Of the Symptomes proper to married women.

Article, I. Of the Symptomes about con∣ception.

Point, 1. Of Barrenness.

THe Symptomes proper to married wo∣men, do respect, Conception, going with Child, and the delivery. The Symp∣tomes about conception that meet us are, bar∣renness, and a mola.

Barrenness is an impotency to conceive, proceeding from the fault either of the Geni∣tals, or of the Seed, or of the Womb, or of the menstruous blood.

There is no need of Signs, the Cause and Cure vary according to the Nature of the dif∣ferences.

The Differences are taken from the Causes and Parts.

I. One is by fault of the genital parts, whe∣ther it be a Closure of the Womb from the birth, which may be artificially cleft; or a ten∣der Constitution, either by reason of the Age or structure, for which a mans Yard is not admitted; or Tumors, Ulcers, and excrescencies in the Neck to which the Cure must be direct∣ed; and this is not properly called barren∣ness.

Another by the fault of the Seed, of which shal be treated in the following Difference.

Another by the fault of the womb, of which we wil treat in the third Difference.

Another by the fault of menstruous Blood, when either that is wanting, which happens either the womb being covered with a star, or the blood turning into Fat; or 'tis too Copious, that the Seed is overwhelmed and suffoca∣ted.

II. One is from the defect and unfruitful∣ness of the Seed, which ariseth.

• 1. By reason of tender Age, or too old.
• 2. by reason of the distemper of the Vessels dedicated to generate and contein the seed, and then the Woman in Copulation perceives none, or little and short Pleasure. There are Signs of the womb affected, or the whol body, or some member hath a Vitious Constitution. The Cure must be turned against the distemper of the womb.
• 3. By reason of the Evil Conformation of the same Vessels.

Another is from want of a Proportion be∣tween the mans and womans Seed, which consists between manifest and occult qualities; but cheifly it ariseth.

• 1. From medicines that extingnish Seed, as are a Goats commodi∣ty, Mint, Rue, Camphure, which either the patient, or standers by wil make known.
• 2. From Inchantments, and then the man cannot Copulate with his own wife, he can with o∣thers, he hath a desire to couple with his own, and if he do couple with her he cannot send forth his Seed.

In the Cure is commended a drauft of cold water fallen from the mouth of a stone Horse drinking in a Current, and sud∣dainly received in a Vessel.

III. One is when the womb doth not at∣tract the Seed that is cast in, and that either by reason of a cold and moist distemper, of which formerly; or by reason of some Orga∣nical diseases and solution of Ʋnity. Where note, that very often too much Fat, especially of the Caul, doth compress the mouth of the womb; that barrenness from Ulcers is hardly Cured, nay though a great Ulcer were Cured, yet that would remain by reason of the Skar left, for which the blood can neither adhere to the womb, nor flow thither.

Another is when the womb doth not retain the Seed cast in, and that,

• 1. Either by rea∣son of a moist distemper, which is known by this, that the Fibres of the womb are Relaxt, that it cannot contract it self, the Seed by rea∣son of i••s Mucousness cannot adhere to it. 'Tis retained for some few daies, then cast forth. The Cure must be turned against the distem∣per.
• 2. Or by reason of the thickness of the womb, for then the blood doth not slide thi∣ther, from which the Seed ought to be joyned to the womb, and take its increase. The Cure requires extenuation by a slender diet, exercise, purging, Sweating, and others.
• 3. Or by reason of its Slipperiness, and then a womans Flux or virulent Gonorrhea hath happened; the Seed conceived is extinguisht, and Rapt a∣way. The cure must be fetcht from their places.
• 4. Or by reason of the gaping of its Orifice, and then either hard labor or abortion went before. The Fibers are so relaxt, that they cannot contract themselves. In the Cure a∣mongst astringents, a Fomentation of the Leaves of Lentisk, Mirtle, &c. takes place.
• 5. Or by reason of a Cough, Sneezing, which happens after Copulation, &c. By which the Seed is shaked forth.

Another is when the womb doth not alter the Seed injected, and that either by reason of a distemper, when the womb by an immo∣derate coldness grow thicker, the Orifices of the Vessels belonging to them are very streit and narrow, whence neither the Secundine can be knitted to the Mouths of the Vessels, neither doth the blood flow in sufficient quantity, which is Serous too; or by reason of organical diseases, as Tumors, Ulcers, &c.

Point, 2. Of a Mola.

A Mola is a mass without bones and bo∣wels from an imperfect conception, genera∣ted by the fault both of the mans and womans seed, instead of a Young one.

The SIGNS before the fourth month are not so exact that it can be certainly known, in process of time 'tis discovered by four signs.

• 1. By motion, for that is trembling and pan∣ting, rival to a constriction and dilatation, and it fals down like a stone with an eminent sence of a weight upon that side the woman turnes.
• 2. By the figure and bulk of the womb, For in that the Belly is lift up according to al di∣mensions, when in a true young one, 'tis prin∣cipally raised towards the Navel, and is gently stretched towards both sides.
• 3. By want of milk; for in a mola the breasts swel inde••d, but there is produced in them only a certain crude matter, from the courses supprest tend∣ing to the breasts, which in process of time vanisheth, when in those with child milk be∣gins to be generated about the fourth month.
• 4. By the Symptoms, which are diverse, as dif∣ficulty of breaching, pains of the back and groines &c.

The cause is the fault of the seed, both of the Males and Females jointly, when the forma∣tive faculty is weak, either of it self, or because 'tis overwhelmed with blood. Whence molae are wont to be made, if there be copulation when the courses are at hand, or flowing, or not wholy stopt. And of the womans seed sever∣ally, joined with blood, and then there are molae altogether rude, and which being long exposed to the aire, being melted are dissol∣ved into a watry substance. In virgins such a thing cannot happen, both because their weak seed wil not attract blood necessary to its con∣formation, and because the blood it self partly by its unaccustomedness, and the narrowness of its own accord flow thither. In the cure,

• 1. bleeding beares the palme, that the nourish∣ment of the mola may be withdrawn, and it must be larger if the woman be plethorick, more sparingly it not so, in the ankle, or ham.
• 2. Strong and often repeated purging.
• 3. Open∣ing of the courses.
• 4. Chyrurgery, of which see Authors. Prevention, requires.

• 1. That Copulation be not too often, especially in bo∣dies not strong enough, by reason of the gene∣ration of weak seed.
• 2. That it happen not when the courses are at hand or flowing, or when the womb labors of a distemper.

See the Differences in physical observations, for this mass is not only without bones and bo∣wels, but somtimes 'tis more membranous, viscous, fast together, not yeelding to iron. Somtimes it presents a long forme, rhomboidal, &c. somtimes 'tis destitute of all life, somtimes it lives the life of a plant. Somtimes 'tis voided with a child, without one, after one, and som∣times a dysentery goes before the voiding of it.

Article 2. Of the Symptoms of women with child.

The symptoms of women with child are in a threefold Difference.

Some happen at the first time of their bear∣ing

in the belly, and they are,

• 1. A cramp, trou∣bling especially the leggs, which is taken a∣way by anointing them by the fire with oyl of bays, putting on afterwards hot rowlers.
• 2. The pain of the Sciatica, with oyl of Venice turpentine anointed on drives away.
• 3. Loath∣ing of meat, which ariseth from the suppression of the courses, the better part of the blood go∣ing to the young one, the worse remaining in the veins, from whence by agitation vapors are sent to the mouth of the stomach with the hu∣mors, a vitious quality is imprinted on it, and which ceases of its own accord when the young one is grown greater.
• 4. A Pica, or a desire to absurd meats, for taking away of which serves, the water distilled in the month of May from vine leaves.
• 5. A nauseousness and vomi∣ting, which if it be easy ought not to be stopt, if difficult, 'tis not free from danger.
• 6. Tor∣ments and pains of the belly, which are raised by the wind from the humors about the womb, and somtimes do cast women into swouning fitts.
• 7. A loosness, which must be timely remedied, least abortion follow.
• 8. A pain in the teeth from part of the sharper humor car∣ried thither.
• 9. A pain of the head and ver∣tigo from the vapors sent forth, distending and troubling it.

Others trouble in the middle months of their bearing; and are.

• I. A cough from a sharp vapor, or the veins of the breast, which by reason of the con∣cussion of the muscles of the belly, watchings, pain of the head, is dangerous.
• 2. A palpi∣tation of the heart, and faintings, which if it a∣rise from plenty of blood, is a forerunner of abortion, and is cured by bleeding.
• 3. Pains of the loyns and hipps, either from the blood supprest falling upon the vessels of those pla∣ces, or from the child growing bigg.
• 4. A flux of blood from the womb, nose, hemrods, which is caused.

• 1. From a rupture of the ves∣sels of the womb by evident causes which are known from the relation of the patient,
• 2. From plenty of blood, and then the woman is endued with a good color, she beares the flux wel, there is less danger, if so be the flux be not too much,
• 3. From the weakness of the young one, not attracting the blood, and then for the most part, either the birth is protracted beyond the due time, or is difficult, or abor∣tion follows; there are signs of the weakness of the child, that is, 1. Either the woman is troubled with a looseness of body, by which the nourishment is withdrawn from the young, or her courses flow often when she is with child, or the mother is often or long sick, whence ari∣seth a fault of the nourishment; or the breasts which were swelled ful before, are extenuated, for want of nourishment; in the common veins of the womb and breasts, or the young one which already had began to move, or ought to move, either is not moved, or moves weakly.
• 4. From evil humors goading the expulsive Faculty; and then sharp things, coloured, stinking, flow forth with pain, there are signs of a cacochymy.

Others happen in the last months, as is,

• 1. A stoppage of the urine, which ariseth from a compression of the neck of the bladder by the womb (it happens cheifly when they stand)
• 2. A hardness and slowness of the belly, which ariseth either from a compression of the gutts made by the young one it self, or by an extra∣ction of the moisture caused by the same, in women that have a hot and dry liver and spleen 'tis dangerous, because by a violent straining to evacuate, al the parts in the belly being ful, some dammage may easily ensue.
• 3. A tu∣mor and inflation of the veins, either in the leggs by reason of the weakness of the liver, of which in its place; or by the suppression of the more serous blood, and then the women with child for the most part bring forth girles. We must forbeare from the cure, because the hu∣mor is emptyed with the after purgation after the delivery, unless walking be hindered: or in the hipps that they become as it were vari∣cous, which proceeds from the same cause.
• 4. clefts of the skin of the belly by reason of the di∣stension especially at the first birth, which are prevented with the anointing of laxative lini∣ments, as are marrowes, oyles.
• 5. The ef∣fusion of water, which in the time of bearing is collected between the membranes that involve the young one; which wants not danger, be∣cause both the young one perceives some trouble from thence, and a hard labor follows for want of moisture.

Article, 3. Of the symptomes about the delivery.

The symptomes that happen about the deli∣very, are also not a few.

I. An untimely flux of blood before the birth, whence is a weakness of strength and swounings. In the cure of which emptyers must be shunned, the aire forbidden, cordialls and strengthners must be given; when the mouth of the womb opens it self, the membrane must be broken, and the infant brought forth.

II. Abortion, when the child is born before the lawful time of bringing forth, which is feared if the breasts be extenuated, because it is a sign that either the blood does fail in the veins com∣mon to the womb and breasts; or that by the violence of the young one or rupture of some vessels it doth rush to the womb. If plenty of milk flow from them. If the great bellyed wo∣man have often pains about the belly and loins which end towards the pubes & os sacrum, with a certain endeavor to cast forth of her womb. If after them, blood either pure, or ichorous, or warer flow forth. It ariseth in general from the fault of the expulsive faculty of the womb, which is irritated either by the young one, or by other diseases, by which also the retentive faculty of the same is wont to be weakned. In particular 'tis caused cheif∣ly.

• 1. From too much cold, and then the pain which ariseth about the Region of the Kidneys descends to the lower part of the Belly, and af∣flicts like to Nephritical pains. See a Fomen∣tation in Ludovicus Burgesia, p. 1. c. 6.
• 2. From a sudden fright, and then outward∣ly may be applyed the Fomentation even now mentioned; inwardly, a little Oxycrate.
• 3. From a Swouning, where the Confection of Alkermes, and de Hyacintho, take place.
• 4. From Anger.
• 5. From a Flux, and then drying Meats must be administred, the Patient must be kept in Bed, we must act with Cordials and Strengtheners.

III. The Birth coming forth not Natural∣ly, where 'tis a common admonition, that the na∣vel of the infant, what way soever it comes forth, be thrust back into the womb again. If it be difficult, and cannot be promoted otherwise, 'tis happily furthered by giving three grains of Mercurius vite in wine, as Billichius wit∣nesseth in his observations.

IIII. The stay of waters, al other things be∣ing ready for the birth, and then the membranes must not be broken, least violence be offered either to the navel or some member; a fomenta∣tion ought to be ordered with warm water, which must be followed with a limiment of fresh butter.

V. An immature falling down of the wa∣ters, and then fresh butter is good amongst moi∣stners, we must have a care of the outward air.

VI. Collick pains, which are taken away by giving oyl of sweet almonds with cinnamon water, or a carminative glyster following.

VII. A weakness of strength by the birth, and then may be administred, water of To∣phies, Harts-Horn, Confection of Alkermes, Cinnamon water.

VIII. The slow comming forth of the se∣cundines, either because they are too thick and tenacious and stick close to the sides; or be∣cause they swel by the long labor of bringing forth; or because the Navel is either broke or cut off before the Secundine is come forth. There are commended the Secundines Speci∣fick, the Eyes of a hair taken in March, of which in Hartmans Chymiatry, &c. See Burgesia. l. 1. c. 14.

IX. The Pains after birth, by reason of the too great strainess of the vessels, which are prevented by giving of the Queens pouder after the first birth, which is compounded of the grearer comfrey, one dram; Peach Kernels, Nut∣meg, of each two scruples; Amber Greese, half a scruple; and one dram weight is given in broth if there be a Feaver, in wine, if not.

X. Too great a flux of blood after the deli∣very, either by reason of its plenty, or be∣cause she hath used hot things, or because of its thinness. In the cure take place, ligatures, a cloth dipt in Oxycrate, applyed to the Loyns and al the back bone, because there the Vena Cava Runs down. Terra Cimolia dis∣solved in Vinegar applyed to the same.

XI. An insufficient Purgation, by rea∣son of the thickness of the blood, detained nine Months, induced by heart, which is known from hence, that it was more in the menstru∣ous Flux. In the Cure takes place, the ope∣ning of the Saphena, but not before the womb is restored to its place. The use of Syrup of Maiden-Hair with Hyssop water, Worm∣wood water, Suffumigations, Fomentations, &c. But if her Purgation were not more in the Flux of her Courses, nor she did not a∣bound with blood, we must act by dyer, and meats of good juyce.

XII. A Feaver,-which is,

• 1. From the generation of milk, which is free from danger; it must be committed to nature, ob∣serving a goverment in dyet, and sweats must be promoted in which that is wont to end.
• 2. From the suppression of the after purgation, in the cure of which, note.

• 1. That a vein is most commodiously opened in the ankle; if that cannot be done cupping glasses with scari∣fication are wel applyed, to the thighs and leggs
• 2. The time of the flux being over past, and a feaver urging, a vein in the arm may be open∣ed.
• 3. From the store of vitious humors,

• in which we must diligently consider whether the sick ought to be purged, or not, the time of the flux being over, only gentle ones must be administred.

Things that alter, which stop the flux, as cold things, sour things, must be a∣avoided.

[Read more of this subject in the Guide to Physick and Chyrurgery, Riverius Practice of Physick, and his Observations; and the London Dispensatory. Al of the last Editions, Englished by me.]

Title, XIII. Of the Affect of the Belly.

A single Chapter, Of the Rup∣ture of the Navel, and Inflama∣tion of the Muscles of the Belly.

AMongst the affects of the belly is, A Rupture of the Navel, and Inflamati∣on of the Muscles of the belly. Omphalocele, which is a swelling of the Navel from the Guts, Caul, water, wind or a fleshy substance fallen into it, or arising there.

The Signs, Cause, Cure, do vary accor∣ding to the Nature of the Differences.

The Differences are taken from the Causes.

One is Intestine or Enteromphalos, when the Guts slide into the Navel, which is known by this, that the Tumor is not very hard, nor soft; holding the breath it increases, and the Patient lying on his back it sinks, the Guts going back into their place with a noise and rumbling. It ariseth from blows, fals, jumping, lifting of a heavy weight, hard labor, riding, crying out, Mourning, Laughing, &c. In the Cure it requires.

• 1. The putting of the Guts into their place.
• 2. The astriction of the perito∣naeum relaxt, the consolidation of it if it be broke, amongst Medicines are, Comfrey, Sa∣nicle, through-wax, Rupture wort, Boyled in red wine and given.

Incision must be ad∣mitted at last, when no other things do good. By Ligature somtimes we provide against this affect.

Another is of the Caul or Epiplomphalos, when the Caul slides into the Navel, which is known by this, that the Tumor in one pa•••• is softer, broad at the Basis, and narrow towards the top, that there is no pain present, and the same being prest with the Fingers it sinks, the Caul returning into its place, It ariseth from the same Causes. The Cure is the same, but in a soft and young body 'tis easier.

Another is watery or Hydrophalos, when the Navel is lift up into a Tumor by water, which is known by this, that the Tumor is lax, and if it be prest, 'tis neither increased, nor de∣creased, that 'tis joyned with a waving, and holding a Candle to it, it appears clear and perspicuous. It ariseth from water collected between the Peritonaeum and the Skin of the belly, proceeding from the Causes mentioned in the Dropsie. In the Cure take place things drying and discussive, if these succeed not, incision made like a half Moon.

Another is windy, when wind distends the Navel, which is known by this, that the Tu∣mor is soft, yeilds to the Finger, gives a sound like a drum, and let the Patient lie which way he wil it is not changed. 'Tis hardly cured if it have its Cause lurking in the bowels which nourisheth it, in Infants 'tis easily taken away with discussives.

Another is fleshy, when a fleshy substance lifts the Navel up into a Tumor, which is known by this, that the Tumor is hard, and being prest doth not yeild, and is changed by no manner of lying. 'Tis Cured by cutting of the flesh performed by a caustick Medicine or Iron, unless it turn to a Cancer, for so the evil is incurable.

An Inflamation of the Muscles of the belly affects, either the right Muscles or transverse. If those the Tumor is oblong, and extended al over the belly. The Skin is not handled without pain, and being laid hold on doth not follow. In every posture the bulk of the Tumor remains the same. If these the deep parts are more affected, and because those Muscles are Membranous about their end and have many Nerves, the pain is the greater; 'tis distinguisht from an Inflamation of the Liver by this, that it follows the Figure of the Mus∣cles, and is not so round. The Cure is such as in other Inflamations▪ and so much of the lo∣wer Belly.

An Appendix. Concerning the Gout.

An arthritis is a pain of the parts about the joints, caused by a defluxion of a serous and sharp humor, poured forth of the veins and arteries into them, assailing by periods, hav∣ing joined with it an hinderance of motion.

The subject is the membranous parts, and those endued with sense about the joints, from which neither are the membranous ligaments excluded. The pain is caused more in them, both because the humors are thrust thither from the veins and arteries, and because being carried thither they are in less room.

The SIGNS are almost evident by the relation of the Patient, at first assault the pain invades the great Toe, and for the most part of the left Foot, afterwards a Tumor, heat and redness is manifestly perceived; there is added an impotency to move, and in an Arthritis of long continuance hard Knobs, &c.

The CAUSE is a solution of unity indu∣ced, by a serous, Salt, and sharp Humor, this ariseth from the use of nourishments, as plants, Carpes, unwholsom wines, by the acces∣sion of a vitious constitution of the bowels, as of the Liver and Spleen, the efficient Cause of that Salt or Tartar. It oftentimes comes neer to the Nature of spirits which have a most bi∣ting Salt in them, whence it often wanders up and down. By reason of the want of suffici∣ent separation 'tis mixt with the blood. By the veins and arteries 'tis sent to the joints, whence when the fit is at hand, the vessels which lead to the hands and feet, and are in∣serted to the utmost joints, do swel, by reason of their weakness, either natural from their pa∣rents, or acquired, by labor, excess of the air, and other things altering the joints, from whence they become softer and more relaxt, nature being stimulated by its plenty, disbur∣thening it self, and somtimes being helpt by ex∣ternal causes, as the spring or autume aire, af∣fections of the mind, the retention of accusto∣mary sweating &c. 'tis moved to the joints rather than to other parts, perhaps because the ligaments and tendons are nourisht with a more terrestrial blood, and that hath affinity with the tartarous humor.

The CURE is in general most difficult, both by reason of the disease it self in respect of errors in dyer, and other things, & by reason of the fit, because the humors dispersed through the liga∣ments, membranes, and nerves, by reason of thick∣ness & coldness of those parts, are hardly discust. None at al if any deadly disease be joined with it. If there be a luxation, for though the joint may be reduced, yet the ligaments remaine relaxt; if in the luxation, the cavity of the joint be filled with a tophous matter, because before that is taken away, the joint cannot be reduced; that cannot be taken away, if it be hereditary. It respects,

• I. The fit, in which,
  • 1. The humors rushing to the part affected must be taken away, where bleeding takes place, if blood do abound, and that quickly, because the flux is urgent. Of the basilica if al or ma∣ny joints be affected; in the opposite side if one only. No bleeding if flegmatick blood pre∣dominate, least discussion be protracted. Purg∣ing when the pains are at hand, for which end is thought to serve, hermodactils, Paracelsus his arthritical pouder, Horatius Angenius his electuary cariocostinum, the gum for the gout in stronger bodies; in the weaker, the matter boyling very much, Solenander his syrup of buck thorne, mechoacan &c. Sweating, which is very wel caused with the decoction of China, of the root of bur dock, with treacle, harts∣horne prepared, antimonium diaphoreticum,
  • 2. The afflux must be hindered by repellers, if the pain be increased by a suddain and too great afflux of humors, but not by them alone, least the motion intended by nature, be stopt with danger of life, but mixt with things ano∣dyne. The liquor of the flowers of mullein is commended, and hartshorne burnt steept and boyled in the water of mullein flowers and ap∣plied to the greived part.
  • 3. The pain must be mitigated, where takes place, Stockerus his oleum raninum, l. 1. c. 58. prax. Ru∣landus his antipodagrical water in Hartmans Chymiatry. Lacuna his ointment of dane wort. The foame of the decoction of china root in Zacutus, l. 3. hist. med. hist. 38. Anointing with the oyl of mans bones. Freita∣gius his secret of opium and camphure in his book of opium, Another of the same Authors, there of sugar of saturne, and the salt of the same &c. A lye sufficiently seasoned with salt, the pouder of oriental Bezoar stone, or harts∣horne prepared, mixt with hony of roses and vineger by a gentle heate, and layd on by way of cataplasme &c.
  • 4. The matter which hath flowed thither must be discust, where take place the ointment of castor, Solenander his mushro∣my of the oake, consil. 24. sect. 4. The wa∣ter in which brass and iron are quenched, and afterwards mercurius vitae is steept, the de∣coction

• ...
  • of Nettles, made with wheaten bread, Salt, wine and water, &c.
  • 5. The Knobs must be dissolved, for which purpose serves, A Cataplasme of old cheese, dipt in the strong broth of Salt Hogs flesh; and that which you may find in Hartmans Chymiatry.
• 2. Prevention, which requires.
  • 1. A conveni∣ent diet, in which ought to be shunned, the Air in excess, meats that do administer mat∣ter for it, drinking of Moravia and Austria wine, &c. too great passions of the mind.
  • 2. Bleeding, unless the body be cold, some open the Veins of the great Toes every month.
  • 3. Purging, which ought to be ordered spring and autum, and it requires gentle ones rather than strong.
  • 4. The use of things good a∣gainst the Gout, as are Germander, Ground pin, round Birth-wort, the true Pontick Rhubard, &c.
  • 5. The strengthning of the Joynts, for which end serves, a Lie made of the Ashes of beech, and often strained, with the like quantity of wine and Alum, two oun∣ces.

As concerning the differences, its species are, the Foot-Gout, the Hand-Gout, the Knee-Gout, and the Hip-Gout. Concerning them we meet with nothing besides what hath been formerly spoke: Concerning the last we must observe.

• 1. That it ought to be distinguish∣ed from that pain, which indeed is most ve∣hement, but neither causeth a Tumor, neither consists alwaies about a joynt, but in the mid∣dle spaces also between the joynts; often∣times after it hath afflicted a man once or twice it returnes not again al his life time.
• 2. That it hath this property, that 'tis diffused more largely than in other joynts, and often times to the adjoyning parts, both by reason of the largeness of the Hip bone, and the distribution of the Nerves, which come from the Loyns and Os Sacrum, to that Articulation, to di∣vers parts.
• 3. That 'tis very hardly Cured, as wel by reason of the deepness and largeness of the place, as for the plenty of matter that is wont to be collected there.

In the Cure for derivation a Vein in the outward Ankle is wel opened, if the pain tend outwardly; the Sa∣phena in the inner Ankle if the pain tend in∣wardly. We must act with strong Purgers. The Discussers are Sciatica-cresses, winter Cresses, dittander, and others, concerning which consult with Practitioners. We write only an Idea. And let these suffice of the Dis∣eases of the lower belly and joynts.